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DICTIONARY 



American Biography. 



INCLUDING 



MEN OF THE TIME; ^_i_ 



CONTAINING NEARLY 



TEN THOUSAND NOTICES OF PERSONS OF BOTH SEXES, OF NATIVE 

AND FOREIGN BIRTH, WHO HAVE BEEN REMARKABLE, OR 

PROMINENTLY CONNECTED WITH THE 

Arts, Sciences, Literature, Politics, or History, 



AMERICAN CONTINENT. 

GIVING ALSO THE PRONUNCIATION OF MANY OF THE FOREIGN AND PECULIAR 
AMERICAN NAMES, A KEY TO THE ASSUMED NAMES OF WRITERS, AND A 

SUPPLEMENT. 



FRANCIS S. DRAKE. 




BOSTON : 
JAMES R. OSGOOD AND COMPANY, 

(Latb Ticknor & Fields, and Fields, Osgood, & Co.) 
1874. 






Entered, according to Act of Confress. in the year iS^j, 

Bv FRANCIS S. DRAKE, 

In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washingtor 

P 

D. of rnt. 

1 ro3 



Boitim : 



PREFACE. 



rr^HE design of this ■work is to give, in a single volume and at a moderate 
-L cost, a manual of reference, containing in a condensed form all the more 
important data of jVmerican biography, including that of persons still living. 
Its scope, as set forth in the titlepago, is contiiinntal ; and it aims to include 
within the prescribed limits as many facts and dates as possible ; while, at the 
same time, ample reference is made to fuller sources of information. It is oo- 
vious that the utility of such a work must depend mainly upon its correctness ; 
and, to insure this all-important object, much time and labor have been given 
to the verification and completion of its dates. In regard to persons now liv- 
ing, it has not always been practicable to obtain the requisite facts ; and, in 
some instances, these have been so long withheld as to make it necessary to 
embody them in a Supplement. 

While the investigations of historical students in New England, New 
York, and in some of the other States, have been so fruitful in the materials for 
biography, that the principal difficulty has been that of selection and condensa- 
tion, it is unfortunately true, that in many of the States, and in other portions 
of the continent, such materials are exceedingly scanty. Another deficiency 
in the sources of American biography is found in the departments of industry, 
inventions, and the fine arts. The politicians, authors, and clergy of America 
have had their full share of notice ; while her inventors, engineers, and practi- 
cal scientists, — to whom her wonderfully-rapid progress in the arts of civiliza- 
tion and her high rank among the nations are mainly due, — have been in a 
very great degree overlooked. One object of the author has been to remedy to 
some extent this injustice. 

Among the features calculated to enhance tlie value of the work are the 
pronunciation of such names as present unusual difficulty ; and the Key to 



VI PRKFACE. 

Aitsunicd Nairn's, wliich will oniiWi.' tlio reader at once to trace the authorship 
af writings published under a pseudouynie. 

To John Wakd Dean, M.A., Librarian of the Xew-England Historic- 
Genealogical Sot'iety of Boston, whoso thorough and accurate knowledge of 
American history and wonderfully-retentive memory are exceeded only by the 
reiuliness with which its abundant stores are imparted, the author is under 
weighty obligations. For much valuable material relating to the West, his 
ncknowledgnients are also due to the lato Alkked T. Goodman of Cleve- 
land, Ohio, Secretary of the Western-Reserve Historical Society, whose recent 
decease at the early ago of twenty-six is not alone a calamity to his friends, 
but is a serious loss to the eomniunity. To the late Dr. Joseph I'ai.mek, 
who kindly loaned him his annotated copy of the Harvard-College Triennial, 
he is also under obligations. To Rev. Elias Kason, to "WlLLIAM B. Trask, 
Esq., and to all who liavc aided him in the prosecution of his labors, the 
author returns his grateful acknowledgments. And, finall}', his thaidvs are 
justly duo to the proof-readei-s, — Messrs. Geokge AVadiiam and Geokce 
W. TowKUS, and !Mis8 Meucie L. Tayloh, — of the value of whose critical 
laliors ho is fully sensible. 

i\ S. D. 



SAMUEL GARDNER DRAKE, 

THE HISTORIAN OF BOSTON", 

(TUisi IVotk 

IS INSCRIBED, 

AS A TRIBUTE OF FILIAL REGARD. 



ABBREVIATIONS AND EXPLANATIONS. 



a., aged. 

nh.. about. 

acail., academy. 

nccomp.. accompanied. 

artni.. ailmiral. admitted. 

Amer., America or American. 

Aiil. Coll.. AntiocU College. 

npp.. appointed. 

ait., artillery. 

a^.^ist-axsistaut. 

as:to.. a.«8ociatlon, associate, 

ally., attorney. 

b.. born. 

bapt.. baptized. 

brev., brevet. 

bro.. brtitber. 

C'lm.. commanded, commander, committee. 

ciinimlss., commissioned, commissioner. 

conimo.. commodore. 

conf., conference. 

Cnnfed., Confederate. 

Cong., Congregational. 

consec. con.secrated. 

Const. Conv., Constitutional Convention. 

Cont.. Continental. 

cimtrlb., contributed, contributions, contributor. 

corn'sp., correspondence, corresponding. 

C. S. A., Confederate-States Army. 

d . decetwed. 

Ih'moc, Democratic. 

dcp.. deputy. 

dcpt.. department. 

di0t., district. 

dieting., distinguished. 

eccles.. eccle.>iiastical. 

exped.. e.xpedllioa. 

e.xpio e.xploring. 

Inf. Infantry. 

Inst.. Institute, Institution. 



leglsl., legislature, legislative. 

m., married. 

raag.. magazine. 

munuf.. manufacturer. 

Mpi.. Mississippi. 

N. A., North America. 

nat.. national. 

N. E.. New England. 

Nouv.lilog.Univ..NouvelIeBiogrupliieL'ulvcrsella 

N. W., North-west. 

occas., occasional. 

ord.. ordained. 

Pr-Ep.. Protestant-Episcopal. 

pres.. president. 

Prcsb.. Presbyterian. 

prof., professor. 

prov., provincial. 

provls.. provisional. 

pub., published, publicatloD. 

rev., review. 

Uevol , Itcvolutlonary. 

sem.. seminary. 

theol.. theology, theological. 

Unit.. Unitarian. 

vols., volunteers. 

Names of colleges generally abbreviated by tiret 
letters. 

The strictly alplmbeticiil order has been ilevi- 
ated from In such nanus as Clarlie, Deiine. anil 
others, in which the final e Is sometimes dropped; 
in that of Matthews. — sometimes spelled with a 
single t : and In those having the preMx ,Vc. whicli 
are placed as though spelled Mnc. Names of mem- 
bers of the same family are sometimes groupid 
together in one paragraph; as in tlie case- of 
Shubrlck. Ixmoine, Wyllys, Ilaliam, CInilporne, 
Brenton, 8ic. 

Pronunciation as In Worcester's large Diction 
uj, 

tx 



INDEX TO AUTHORITIES, CITED BY THE AUTHOR'S 
NAME ONLY. 



AJien, Aitlcrlcan Biogrnphical Dictionary, 8vo, 

1650. 
Allibone, Dictionary of Authors, 3 vols. 8vo, 

1850-70. 
Appleton, New American Cyclopedia, and Annuals, 

27 vols. 8vo. 
Blake. Biographical Dictionary. 8vo, 1856. 
Bradford. New-England Biography, 12mo, 1812. 
Collins. History of Kentucky. 8vo, 1848. 
Callum. Register of West-Point Graduates, 2 vols. 

8vo. 1808. 
Duyckinck, Cyclopaedia of American Literature, 

and .Supplement, 3 vols. 8vo. 1856-06. 
EUot, New-England Biographical Dictionary, 8vo, 

1809. 
Gardner, Dictionary of the Army, 2d edition. 12mo, 

ISOO. 
Gayarre. History of Louisiana, 2 vols. Svo, 1854. 
Goodman, A.T., MS. notices. 
Grigsby, Virginia Convention of 1776, Svo, 1855. 
Gross, Amcricjin Medical Biography, Svo, ISCl. 
Hamersly, Kecord of Living OiBcers U, S. Navy, 

Svo, 1870. 
Benry, Record of Civil Appointments U. S. Army, 

Svo, 186V. 



Lnnman, Dictionary of Congress. 5tli edition. Svo, 

1807. 
Lossing, Field-Book of the American Revolution, 

2 vols. Svo, 1852. 
Morgan. Celebrated Canadians, Svo, 1805. 
O'CuUaghau, New- York Colonial Documents, 11 

vols. 4to. 
riiillipart. Royal Military Calendar, 5 vols. Svo, 

London. 
Rogers, Biographical Dictionary of Revolutionary 

Worthies. Svo, 1S2B. 
Sabine, American Loyalists, 2d edition, 2 vols. Svo, 

1864. 
Simpson, Eminent Thiladelphians. Svo. 1859. 
Sparks, American Biographies, 1st and 2d series, 25 

vols. 12mo. 
Sprague, Annals of the American Pulpit, 9 vols. 

8vo, IS57-00. 
Thacher, American iledical Biography, 2 vols. Svo, 

Thomas, Universal Biographical Dictionary, 2 vols. 

Svo, 1871. 
Tuckerman, Book of the .\rtists, 8vo. 1807. 
Wheeler, History of Nortli Carolina, Svo, IS51. 
Williams, American Medical Biography, 8vo, 1845 



KEY TO ASSUMED NAMES. 



Abimdech Coody, 
AiiiiioiiisU Crime, 
Aifiitc. 
Airricola. 

AUci; U. I.ce, and Cous- 
in Alice. 
Allun (irunt.atid Alpiu, 
Anllionv I'lisqain, 
Arp. Hill. 
Artenuis Ward, 
Aunt F:innv, 
A. W. Kiirmer, 

Bnilcv. 

liarclaya (One of the), 
hard, .^aniucl .\., 
liarrctt. Waller, clerk. 



IJcn'on.Carl, 
IScrkliy, Helen, 

Ilorwick. 
Isigldw. Ilosea. 
lii^'lv. CanttU A., 
liillArp. 
Hillinj;*. .losli. 
HIvilR-. Wliilc, jun., 
lii>b .rhort. 
I!o>toii Uard, 
Hn-ron l!fbL-l. 
IJreiintatin. Hans, 
liroHu, Vandvke, 
liiinlliiie. Xcd, 
Uurieigh, 

Cic-Jarlen^is. 

Cantell A. Rigly, 

Carl Iteiisou, 

Carleton. 

f'au.-lic. Chri.'topher, 

(.':is;ilitina, Tanioc, 

Ctiarles .Suinmerficld, 

Clavers. Slary, 

{•nnsianlia. 

Coody. Abimelech, 

<"<tu:fln Alice. 

Cramer. .lulian. 

Cravon. (jeofi'rey, 

(•ra'v.)n. I'lirle, 

Crevton. Paul, 

Croiiker. 

Croivlield, Christopher, 

Cypress, 

Dare, Shirley, 
IVIla Criisca, 
Dick Tiiito. 

Died rich Knickerbocker, 
Doeslicks, Q. K. Phi- 
lander, 



Gulian C. Terplanck 
James Cook Richmond 
Wbitelaw Keid 
William Elliott 
Alice B. Haven 
William Wilson 
John Williams 
diaries H. Smith 
Charles F. Browne 
Mrs. F. D. Gage 
Rev. Isaac Wilkins 

Fred. Douglass 

Mrs. H. G. Utis 

Ephraim G. Squier 

Joseph A. Scoville 

Kobert B. Coffin 

Hiram Fuller 

Louisa Kirby Piiitt 
c Benjamin. \ 

{ .-Vustin, and > jointly 
( Lvmau Abbott.) 

diaries Astor Brisfed 

Auna Cora (Jlowatt) 
Hitcliie 

James Uedpath 

James Russell Lowell 

Geo. W. Peck 

Charles II. .--mith 

Hi-nrv W. Sb.iw 

(Soloii Kobiii^ou 

A. B. Loiift-trret 

Kobert .^.CofTin 

John Lowell 

Charles t;. Leland 

Wm. P. Braniian 

E Z. C. Jiidsou 

Matthew Hale Smith 

J. W. Alexander 
Geo, W. Peck 
Charles Astor Bristed 
Charles Carleton Collin 
Thos. Green Fessenden 
Uev. Jainh Diirhi 
Alfred W. Arrington 
Mrs. C. jr. Kirkland 
Judith Sargent Murray 
G. C. Verplanck 
Alice B. llaven 
Joseph Lemuel Chester 
Washington Irving 
Gen. D. P. .strothcr 
J. T. Trowbridge 
Fitz Greene Halleck 
Mrs. U. B. Stowe 
W. P. Uawes 

Susan Dunning 
Kobert 5Ierrv 
Frank B. Goodrich 
Washington Irving 
Mortimer N. Thompson 



Dow. Jan., 

Downing. Mtyor Jack. 
Dr. Oluliam at Gray- 
stones, 
Druid, 
Dunn Brown, 

E, C. Revons, 
Edith .Mav, 
Edmund Kirke, 
F;iizabelh Wetherell, 
Estelle. 
Ethan Spike, 
Everpoint, 

Falconbridge, 
Fanny, Auut, 
F'anny Fern, 
Fanny Fieldinji, 
Fanny Forester, 
Farmer. A, W.. 
Farmer. Pennsylvania, 
Fat Contributor, 
Fleta. 

Florence Leigh, 
Florence I'ercy, 
Folio. Tom. 

Frank Forester, 

Gail Hamilton, 
(iath. 

Genesee Traveller, 
Geollrey Crayon, 
Gleaner. 

Glyndon. Howard, 
Grace (ireenwood. 
Grant, Allen, 
Grav. Barry. 
Gringo, Harry, 

Hamilton. Gail. 
Hans Breillnann, 
TIaiiand. M;irion, 
Harry Gringo, 
Helen Berkley, 
Hilen Mar, 
lloucstus, 
Horus. 

Iln<ea BIglow, 
Howard Glyndon, 
n. Trusta, 

lanthc. 

Ignatius Loyola Robin. 



.Tack Downing. Major, 
Jeemes Pipes of I'ipes- 



Jennie June, 
Job Sass, 



Caleb S. Henry 
Henry M. Flint 
Rev. Samuel Fiske 

Charles C. Converse 
Anna Drinker 
J. K. Gilmore 
Susan Warner 
Elizabeth Bogert 
Matthew F. Whitlier 
J. M. Field 

Jonathan F. Kelly 
Frances D. Gage 
Mrs. Sarah (Willis) 

Part on 
Mary J. S. Upshur 
Emily C.Judson 
Rev, Isaac ^ViIkin8 
John Dickinson 
A, Miner Griswold 
Kate W. Hamilton 
AnnaT, Wilbur 
BIrs, Elizabefli Akers 
Joseph E, Babson 
George Chalmers 
Wm. H. Herbert 

Bfarv Abisail Dodge 
Geo: Alfred fowusend 
iMutlhew L, Davis 
AV'aslilngtou Irving 
Xathl, L Bowditch 
Laura C. Reddon 
Sara. I, Lipiiincott 
William Wilson 
Robert B. Coliin 
Henry A. Wise 

Slarv Abigail Dodge 
Charles G. Leland 
Mrs. Terlinlie 
Lieut, II. A. Wise 
Anna Cora (.Mowatt) 

Ititchie 
Mrs, D. .M, F. Walker 
Beiij. AM>liii 
<;, c, Fisher 
J. IJuss.-ll Lowell 
Laura C. Kcddnn 
Mrs. Eliz. Stuart Plielps 

Emma C. Embury 
Samuel L. Knapp 
Donald G.Mitchell 
Seba Smith 
.Stephen C. Ma^sett 
Mrs, Jennie C, Croly 
George A. Foxcroft 



KET TO ASSUMED IfAifES. 



John Oldbiig, 
John I'anl. 
Jolin I'hiDnli, 
John y.,o<l. 
John Wurim. 
Jonuthun oMatyle, 
JoncK, Major, 
Jo<h Itlllhijf., 
Juhiui Crunior, 

Kiirl l{i>dpn. 
KiTr. OrphcnsC, 
Kirki*. Kdniund. 
KirwuM. 
Knlikirbocker, Uled- 

rich. 
K. X. I'eppcr, 

l.nco. 

I^uni Caxlon, 

Lay I'ri'achiT, 

I.w.AlicvG., 

I-'p. Taiey. 

J-<'iKli. Klbrcnce, 

Li'ighion, 

l''ltio>nnu. 

l-oviMimiod. Sut, 

I-yuu Card, 

l^fcArone. 

.M:1C1. Sh.IKT, 

Mar, ll.l,.n. 
Maria dil Uccldonte, 
Marion llarland, 
Marlon Ward, 
Mark Twain, 
JIarvil. Ik. 
.Mary Clan'rs, 
JIary Ornie, 

Jlassaclniscitcnsls, 
Jlay, Kdilh, 
Mm. Sonhlc. 



Mnv. Sonhlc. 
>Iile.» O'Kcllly, 
Minnie Myrtle, 
Mrs. Manners, 

Nasbv. retroleum V. 
Ai-d Uuhflinc, 
Ncvcrs. C. O., 
Aovanglus, 

Oldbug. John, 
Oldlnim. Dr., at Gray- 
Old .Si.nih". 
OW-tv !.■. Jonathan, 
Oldws, Knini'is. 
Oliver I )hl-cl,ool, 
Oliver Optic. 
O'Ueillv. Miles, 
<>rnic, Marv. 
Orpheus C.' Kerr, 

rarihiKton, Mrs., 
J nM|uiu, .VuiUuoy, 
I'aiiv I.ee. ' 

raiil Crevion, 
I'niil. John. 
I'aulus MIeutlarlue, 
Peasant Bard, 
Penu, Wm., 



Rer. Leonard Wilhlnr- 
ton * 

C. H. Webb 

Goor/fi. II Derby 

John r. Irving 

lleuryCaryorilomon 

Ma»hliiKi,ii, Iriinjt 

tVni. 1 heodore I'liomp- 

Hon 
Henry W. Shaw 
Joseph Lemuel Chester 

Charles C. Converse 
It. II. .Vewell 
J- U- (tilniore 
Uev, Mcliulu, .Murray 
Washington Irving 
James M. Morris 

Stephen HigRln-on 
hUiK' II Coinina 
Joseph Dennie 
Alice II Haven 
Alice Cary 
Anna T. Wilbur 



Pennsylvania Farmer. 
Pepper. K. X., 

IV. plot. 

I'er.'v. Klorenoe, 
I eriey. 

I'ter Parley. 

Iter Porcupine, 

eler yuince. 
Peter .schleniihl. 
I eter.scrib<T. 

I'liiiiptiuinih't, 

IMnruix. .John. 

I'ipes. .leeiues, of Pipes- 



I;- Virginia I'rlndi 
George W. Harris 
Alouzu Lewis 

George Arnold 
Charles G. I.eland 
Mrs D. M. K. Walker 
Maria (Goweu) I!, .)uks 
Slary \ irginia (llawes) 

lerhune 
Mrs. II M. Stephens 
SuMiu, I I.. C'li-nien, 
UouaMti.Mi.oh.ll 
niroNncM Kirkland 
Mr> Marv Sargent Gov< 

Aichols 
Daniel Leonard 
Anna Drinker 
Miss H. s. llarkc 
Charles G. Ilalplne 
Anna L. Johnson (Mrs. 

Joa.inin Jlillcr) 
Cornelia II. (Uradlev) 
liichards ■ 

David Hoss Ixicke 
L. /.C, Judson 
Charles f. Converse 
John Adams 

Rev. Leonard Withlng. 
ton ® 

Caleb S. Heury 
JjeiUHmin Austin 
«a-lin.gion Irving 
t.eorgecliuliners 
Joseiih mnnie 
»ni. r. AdiVliis 
Charles (i, Ilalplne 
-'Irs. .Nicliol.s 
ISobert II. .Newell 

B. P Shlliaber 
Joint Williams 
Alice Cary 
J. T. Trowbridge 

C. II. Webb * 
George p. phlles 

Gill ^' '•'^""^"S of 
Jeremiah Evarts 



Poor Uichard, 
Porte Crayon, 
Puhlicola, 
Pylodet, F., 

Quihbct, Philip, 
yuince. Peter, 
(juud. John, 

Kichard llayward, 
Ki-gesicr. .Seelev, 
Uevons. E. C. ' 
Kohinson. Ignatius 

l.ovola. 
Rustic Uard, 
Rutledge, 

*almagnndl, 
."•am Slick, 
."Samuel .V Bard, 

.SU-3. Job, 

Schlemihl. Peter, 

serilier. Peter, 

Se DeKav. 

Se.v.on of the Old 

School, 
Shirley Dare, 

Sigma, 

Sloner. Jfaoe, 

Sniilh. lielle, 

Sophie May.' 

S|iatr..wp^ni», 

Spy in Ua»hington, 

S.piibob. 

Slanijiyde, 

Stra« s. 

Straws, Jan.. 

.sunimenield. Charles, 

Sut Loveligood, 

Talvl. 

Theodore de la Guard, 

limoihvTitcomb, 

Tinto. Dick, 

Tom Folio. 

Traveller. Genesee. 

Irusta. H.. 

Twain. Mark, 

CnrleTobv. 
Cpilike. L'nderhill. Dr., 
Vandyke Droirn. 
Veteran Observer. 

Walter Barrett, clerk, 
" artl. Ariemus, 
Ward. Jlarion, 
Warrington. 
Waters., lolin, 
\\etherell. EliMbeth, 
« hue, BIythe, Jua,, 



John Dickinson 
James JI Morris 
Charles W. .March 
Mrs. Elizabeth Akert 
Ben. Perlev Poore 
S..G. (ioodrich 
W m. Cobbeit 
Isaac Storv 
CJeorge Wo,kJ 

Da d Koss |,ocko 
H illiam l.add 
C;ei>rge E. Pond 
George H. Derby 
Stephen C. Ma.ssett 
Benjamin Franklin 
D. P. Strother 
Johnyuincy Adams 
*• Leypoldt 



George E. Pond 
Isaac Story 
John T. Irving 

frO'lrickS. C.ziens 
Mrs. ((. J. vicur 
Charles c. Converse 
S. L. Knapp 
Robert Dinsnioor 
Mrs .Miriam (Cole»; 
Uarris 

JVashingfon Irving 
1. (■. ILiliburion * 
Epbraini G. Sqnler 
George A Foxcrolt 
Oeorce >Vo.id 
Chu.-resA„e. Davis 
Charles D. Kirk 

Lucius M. Sargent 
Miss .Susan Dunning 
(now Mrs. Waters.) 
Lucius M. Sargent 
CharlesG. Lefand 
Louisa KIrby llalt 
Miss t. S. Clarke 
P wirirk S. Cozzens 
Matthew L. Davis 
Cieorge II. Derbv 
Jonailian F. Kelly 
J JI. Field 
Miss Kale Field 
Alfred W. Arrington 
C«-orge W. llartrs 

Th*r{.se A. 1,. Robinson 
^alhanlel Ward 
Dr. .1 (i. Holland 
y rank B. Goodrich 
Josenh E. Babson 
Matthew L.Davis 
Mrs. Eliz. Stuart Phelpt 
bamuel L. Clemens 

Royall T. ler 

E. D. Mausiield 
J. A.Scoville 
Cli:u-Ies F. Browne 

" ■ s. Robinson 

Henry Cary of Boston . 
t-usan tf'aruer 
tioloa Robinson 




DICTIONARY 

or 

AMERiCAiSr Biography. 



AJBA. 

Abascal (a-bBs-kal'), Don Jose FERXAy- 
DO, Viceiov of Peru, b. Oviedo, 1743; d. Ma- 
drid, June 30, 1821. Kntering the military 
service in 1762, he became a brigadier during 
ibe war witli France, and in 1796 was sent as 
liiutenant of the king to defend Havana 
aj;iiin*t the English. Called thence to the 
intendancy of New Galieia. his services there 
were rewarded in 1804 with the vieeroyship of 
Peru. On his way thither, he fell into the 
bands of the English. By prudence and firm- 
ness he overcame various obstacles, and gained 
the confidence of the people. He established 
free schools, an academy of design, and chairs 
of medicine and surgery, at Lima, besides 
effecting important changes in its administra- 
tive Indian and police organizations. For 
these and other services, the Spanish Cortes, 
May 30. 1812. gave him the title of ^Jar(|uis 
(le fa Concordia Espanola del Pern, Subse- 
tiucnt reverses caused his recall in 1816. The 
title of deputy-general was decreed him by 
the Junta of Asturias for his benefactions to 
till; widows and orphans of the patriots of that 
]iiovince who died fighting for the national 
independence. 

Abasola (aba'-sOla). JI.VRi.wo, Mexican 
revolutionist, b. near Dolores Guauiijuto ah. 
1780; shot in Chihuahua, July, isil. He 
WH-: a zealous supporter of Hidalgo, a colonel 
of his army ; and at the capture of Riaiion 
was conspicuous for courage, and humanity to 
the piisoners. He was at Las Crnces, and, 
alter the disastrous battle of the Bridge of Cal- 
dcron, fled to Snltillo with Hidalgo. Both 
were taken by Elizondo, March 21, 1811, and 
shot soon after; their bodies being publicly ex- 
posed on stakes, and left nnbuiied until 1822. 

Abbadie, d' (da-lw dc'), M., govemor of 
Louisiana from 1763 to bis death, Feb. 4, 176.5. 
June 29, 1763, be arrived at New Orleans, 
where the French king had a factory, of wbicli 
d'Abbadie was made director-general, with 
the powers of a military commandant. Or- 
dered in 1764 to surrender the country to 



ABB 

Spain, his grief at this duty caused his death. 
He protected the Indians, repressed the excesses 
of masters towards their slaves, and left a 
memory dear to all Louisianians. — 'Callag- 
hail. 

Abbeville, d' (dab-vel'), Claude, a Cap- 
uchin, author of " gistoire de la Mission des 
Piiies Ciipucins en I'lsle de Maragnon;" d. 
Paris, 1632. The mission to the Island of 
Maranhain (on the coast of Brazil) was under- 
taken in 1612. 

Abbot, Adiel, D.D. (H. rr. ISSS), minis- 
ter, b. Wilton, N.H., Dec. 14, 1765; d. West 
Cambridge, Ms., Jan. 31, 1S.59. H. U. 1787. 
Descended from George, who settled in An- 
dover, Ms., 1643. His father, Abiel, was a 
major in the Revol. army. Soon after gradu- 
ating, and until July, 1789, he was a teacher in 
Phillips Academy. After studying theology, 
and engaging in missionary labors in Maine 
and elsewhere, he was, from Jan. 1794 to Jan. 
179.5, Greek tutor at Cambridge. Ord. minis- 
ter of Coventry, Ct., Oct. 28, 1795. Jnne 6, 
1811, he was deposed from the ministry on 
account of differences of opinion with his 
church. In .'>ept. 1811, he took charge of 
Duinmer Academy ; which, in April, 1819, he 
quitteil for a farm in North Andover. In- 
stalled niinister of Peterborough, N.H., June 
27, 1827, he remained until his retirement in 
Se|it. 1 848. He was an able writer and popular 
preacher. In 1811, he pub. a .•statement of tho 
Coventry difficulty; in 1829, a "History of 
Andover ; " and a " Genealogy of the Abbot 
Familv " in 1847. — Necroloqi/, II. U. 

Abbot, AiiiEL, D.D. (H'. U. I82I), minis- 
ter, b. Andover, Aug. 17, 1770; d. Staten Is- 
land, N.Y., June 7, 1828. H. U. 1792. After 
being an assistant in tho Andover Academy, 
he was minister of Haverhill from June 8, 1795, 
to June 13, 1803; and then of Beverly until 
thcwinter of 1827-8; when he went toCharlea- 
ton, S.C, for his health, and thence to Cuba. 
Hetuming in improved health, h? pieaclicd at 
Charleston Juno 1, and sailed the next day for 



jVDB 



ABE 



New York, tint diud of yellow fever nt tlio 
qimrantine near tliat city, lie wa? nil eli«|iieiit 
iind liberal preaeher. His " Letters from 
Cuba" were piih. in Boston in 1829. His ser- 
mons, -with a nu'iiioir by S. Everett, wore pub., 
IJnio, 1H.'I1. — .IWxrf 6i7if<i/o./y. 

Abbot, Kesjamin, LL.1). (D. C. 1811), 
eduiatcir, b. Anilover, Sept. I", 1762; d. Exe- 
ter, N. U., Oct. 25. 1849. U. U. 1788. Ho was 
for fifty years principal of I'billips (Exeter) 
Academy ; a posiiiun for wliich be possessed 
peculiar (|ualilu'aiioiis, — anion;; tbein, digni- 
fied manners, an eipiid and ha]ipy temper, 
quick ]ierccplion of cbaracter, and a native 
nutboritv which secured obedience au<l nlTcc- 
tion. Under his ebar(;c, the institution was 
exccedinglv popular. Among his )iupils were 
Daniel U'ebster, Edward Everett, Jared 
Sparks, Gcor]se Bancroft, and many others 
wlio becanio distitiguished. Ho stood at the 
head of bis |)rofession in New England. Mary, 
his wile, sister of Tbos. H. Perkins, merchant, 
of Boston, d. E.xcter, March 17, 1863, a. 93 v. 
10 mo. 

Abbott, Bf.nj.*mix v., h. Boston, .Tnne 4, 
18.U) ; Austin, b. Dec. 18, 1831 ; and Lt.\i.in, 
b. Roxbury, Dec. 18, 1835. The Abbott 
brothers, sous of Uev. Jacob, pniclisc law in 
N. Y. City ; and have jointly pub. Admiral- 
ty Reports, 1857; N. Y. Practice Reports; 
Forms of Pleading ; Digest of N. Y. ; C. P. 
Reports, 8 vols. ; Digest of U. S. Statutes and 
Reports, 1789-1867, 4 vok.; Clerks' and Con- 
voyancers' Assist. ; Digest of the Law of Cor- 
porations, 2 vols., 1869 ; Ta'atise on the Prac- 
tice and Jurisdiction of the U. S. Courts ; 
many articles in law maga/.ines ; and '" Cone- 
cut Corners," a novel in support of prohibitory 
tenipcraiice laws. — .Mtilmic. 

Abbot, Hull, minister of Charlestown, 
Ms., from Feb 5, 1724, to bis death, April 
19, 1774. n. Boston, June 15, 1702. II. U. 
1720. Many years colleague with Rev. Simon 
Bradstrcct. He pub. sermons on the " Artil- 
lery Election," 1735; on the "Rebellion in 
Scotland," 174G ; " Against Swearing," 1747. 

Abbott, Rev. Jacou, author, b. Hnllow- 
ell, Mc, Nov. 14, lSi«. Bowil, Coll. 1820; 
And. Theol. Scm. 1825. Jacou, his father, b. 
Andover; d. Farmington, Me., Jan. 25, 1847, 
a. 70. Prof, of mathematics and nut. philos. 
Ainh. Coll. 182.5-9. Ord. Sept. 18, 1834, at 
Eliot Church, Boston Highlands ; and was suc- 
ceeded by his bro.. Rev. J. S. C, Nov. 25, 
1835. Among his many writings, ehiefly for 
the young, aro "The Young Christian," 1825, 
" Corner Stone," " Way to do Good," "Hoary- 
Head," and " Mae. Donucr," " Teacher," 
" Summer in Seollnnil," 24 vols, of the " Rol- 
lo," " Lucy," and "Jonas" stories, and 30 
vols, of juvenile biographies. 

Abbott, Joii.v, author of " The Natural 
History of the Rarer Ix'pidopterous Insects of 
Cieorgia," edited by Sir J. E. Smith, Lond. 
1797, with 104 eolorwl plates. Resided many 
years in Georgia. 

Abbot, Joiix Emkrv, clergyman, h. Exeter, 
N.H., Aug. 6. K'.t.l; d. Salem, Ms., Oct. 7, 
1819. Bowd. Coll. 1810. Son of Benjamin, 
principal of Phillips Academy, where be re- 
ceived bis actideiuical education. Ord. April 



20, 1815, pn.stor of the chnrch in Salem, u 
successor of Rev. Thomas Barnard, where ho 
was highly esteemed lor bis literary acquire- 
ments and the liberality and candor of his re- 
ligious views. His serinoiis, with a memoir 
by IL Ware, juii., were pub. in IS29. 

Abbott, Rev. John Stevens Cabot, 
author, bro. of Jacob, b. Brunswick, Me., Sept. 
18, 1805. Bowd. Coll. 1825; And. Theol. 
Scm. 1829. Ord.Jan.27,1830. Settled in tho 
ministry successively at Worcester, Roxbury, 
and Nantucket, Ms., Howe-st. Ch., N. Have'ii, 
18C1-6, and over the Second Ch., Fair Haven, 
Ct., 1869. His first work, "The Mother nt 
Home," has Iweii translated into various for- 
eign languages. Among his principal publi- 
cations are " The Child at Homo; " " Abbott's 
Historical Series," 6 vols. ; " Confidential 
Correspondence of Napoleon and Josephine;" 
" Napoleon at St. Helena; " "Memoirs of Na- 

foleon," 2 vols. 8vo, 1855, and of Napoleon 
H. ; " History of the French Revolution," and 
of the " Civil War in America.' His " Life of 
Frederick the Great " is in preperation. 

Abbot, Samuel, a founder and benefac- 
tor of the And. Theol. Sem., b. Andover, 
Ms. ; d. there April 30, 1812, a. 80. Hav- 
ing a feeble constitution, he adopted the mer- 
cantile profession in Boston, and, acquiring 
wealth by integrity and mcihodiciil habits, 
devoted it to religious and ebnriiubic objects. 
Upon the establishment of the seminary at 
Andover, Aug. 31, 1807. he gave to it 820.000, 
and in bis will left it SIOO.OUO more. 

Abbot, Samuel, inventor of the process 
by which starch is made from tho potato, b. 
\Viltoii, N.H., March 3, 1786 ; d. there Jan. 2, 
1839. H. U. 1803. Son of Major Abiel. 
Practised law at Dunstable, an<l afterwards at 
Ipswich. Burned to death in a staixh-factory 
at Wilion. 

Abeel, David, an officer of the fiignta 
"Alliance" in tho Rcvol. war, d. N. Bruns- 
wick, N.J., Oct. 1840, tt. 78. 

Abeel, David, D.D., missionary to China, 
h. N. Brunswick, N. J., June 12, 1804 ; d. Al- 
bany, Sept. 4, 1846. Educated principally at 
his native place. He was ord. to the ministry in 
1826, and htboreil at Athens, N.Y., two years. 
His health failing, he went in Uct. 1829 as h 
missionary to China, and thence to Java, Bata- 
via, Singapore, and Siam. Visiting Europe in 
1833, oil returning home he pub. " The Claims 
of the Worlil to the Gospel ; " " Residence in 
China " in 1829-.33 ; and " Missionary Con- 
venliou at Jerusalem," 1838. He went again 
to Canton in 1839; but, the " o|>ium war" 
pivclndiiig his uselulncss there, he visited Ma- 
laci a, Borneo, and other places, and settled at 
Kolongsoo. Ill health compelled bini to return 
home In 1845, after Ivgiuniiig a inis>ion at 
Amoy in 1842; and he died soon alter. Ho 
was well qualified for his work by great prac- 
tical judgment, good sense, and persevering 
ciieriiv. — Mtmoirs hi) lire. U. It. M'iIIUiihsoh, 
1849." 

Abeel, John Nelson, D.D.(H.U. 18iM), 
an eloipient Presbyterian minister, b. New 
York, 1769; d. there Jan. 2li, 1812. Princeton 
Coll. 1787. He studied law while a tutor at 
Princeton, but bcgau lu preach, in Apr. 1793, 



jvbk 3 



ACK 



in Plula. From the autumn of 1795 until his 
death he was pastor of the Dutcli Reformed 
Churcli m New York. lie possessed a voice 
ot iimch >wcctiiess and melody. 

Abercrombie, James, of Glassaugli, a 
Jintish gc.i., b. 17U6; d. deputy-gov. of Stir- 
img Castle, Apr. 28, 1781. Descended from 
a weailby Scotch family, he entered the army • 
became a col. Apr. 1 6, 1746 ; niaj.-.'en. Jan. 31 ' 
1736; l.eut.-gen. Mar.'.'Jl, 1759; gen. Mayii.i,' 
17/1. bent to America in June, 1756, with 
the rank ot maj.-gcn., to which he had been 
promoted for services on the Continent, he 
heiil the chief command until the arrival of 
I^oudoun m Aug., and resumed the command 
on the return of that officer in 1758. July 8 
UoS. at the head of 15,000 men, he attacked 
Ticonderoga with the bayonet, -a piece of 
lolly which cost the lives of nearly 2,000 brave 
men. He still further ilisplavcd his incapacity 
by unnecessarily retreating to liis intn-nclied 
camp on the south side of Lake George, 
huperseded by Amherst, he returned to 
England in 1759, and, as a member of par- 
liament, supported the arbitrary measures 
HMi.h resulted in the independence of the 

Abercrombie, James, his son,alieut.-col 
mortally wounded at Bunker's Hill ; d. Boston 

Fcri6''l7"«" M '':!'-■ '"'''■ ■'-'' Higlihuideis: 
V, ■ .\}J''^' a'Ji'-<l«-camp to Gen. Amherst, 
.,-\^;'f/- '"«J"8lll, July 2.5, 1760; lieut.^ 
col. 22d, March 27, 1770. He led the gren- 
adiers to the assault of Bunker's Hill ; was a 
brave and noble-hearted soldier; and, while 
being borne from the Held, begged his men to 
siiarc his old friend Putnam. 

i«m!'®'i°'"°'"''i^' ''""'^' DD. (x\. J. Coll. 
IS04)_,_clergyman and scholar, b. Phila. Jan. 
7--C ,>' ;'• .""-^''e June 26, 1841. Phila. Coll. 
'"(,. ord. deacon and priest Dec. 29, 179.3 
He was for many years one of the associated 
rectors of ChnstChureh, St. Peter's, and St. 
Johns, in that city; and was also widely and 
tavoratily known as a classical teacher For 
impressive eloquence and classical acquire- 
ments, he was excelled bv few. 
„4;^?-'"°'^°™'''*e, Joiis Joseph, briu-..gcn 
L. .S. V ols., b. Tenn. 1 802. West Point? 1822.' 
Uis father emigrated from Scotland, was a 
volunteer m the Revol. army, and settled in 
lennessee. Entering the 1st Infy., he was 

! •'■"J^r' '1°'" ^^-■' '" '*■'■■» '• hccame capt. Sept. 
4, 1836 ; brev. maj. for services in the Florida 
war, especially at Okechobee, Dec. 25 1837- 
brev. lieut.col. for gallantry at Monterey,' 
where he was wounded Sept. 23, 1846 ; lieut.- 

25 196. {■ '"{ •• '8-^-'; col- 7th Infy. Feb. 
25 1861 ; brev. bng.-gen. U. S. A. March 13, 
186a, retired June 12, 1865; brig.-gen. of 
Vols. Aug. 31, 1861. He commanded a 
brigade in Patterson's division in Mav ; in 
July was transferred to Banks's division on 
tlio Upper Potomac; and early in 1862 joined 
the nnny of McClellan, and was in the battles 
before l{ichmon,l, being slightly wounded at 
xair Oaks. 

Abercroinby, Sir Rouert, a British 

gen bro. of the celebrated Sir Ralph, b. Oct. 

• 40; d. near Stirling, Scotland, Nov. 3 1827 

tnsign m the 44th in July, 17.58; capt in 



1.61; heut.-col. 37th, 1775; col. 1781 ; mai 
gen. 1,90; lieut.-gen. 1797; gen. 1802. Ha 
serve.! in Canada until its surrender by the 
irench in 1763 ; commanded his regt. through 
the whole American war until captured at 
iorkto;*n, and was wounded at Monmouth 
He_ commanded the expcd. which, May •' 
1- ,S, destroyed the American shipping in' the 
De aware; May 1 1778, surprised'&n. Lacey 
at Crooked Billet, Pa.; and, during the siegi 
of lorktown, led a successful sortie, capturin-' 
two batteries. He afterward served in India" 
where he succeeded Cornwallis in the chief 
command in 1793; and, at his death, was the 
oldest gen. in the service. 

Abert (a'bert), CoL. John James, military 
engineer, b. Md. 1791 ; d. Washington, D C 
Jan 2,, 1863. West Point, 181l! He was 
employed in the war office in 1811-14- was 
in the battle of Bladensburg, Aug. 24,. 1814- 
Nov. 22, 1814, was ai)p. maj. of topographical 
engineers; became lieut.-eol. Nov -» l8->4- 
and Mar. 19, 1829, was placed in command 
o the corps of topographical engineers, and 
at the head of the topographical bureau, which 
was by his efforts made a distinct branch of 
the war dept. June 22, 1831. He was an 
Indian commissioner in 1832-3; and on the 
reconstruction of the army, was appointed col 
of his corps July 7, 1838. The military topog- 
raphy of the United States was under Ids 
supervision until his retirement, Sept. 9, 1861. 
I, r;r^F.^' ^'^^- ^M- Stretch, son of J J 
b. Washington, D.C., Feb. 1, 1836; d. Galves- 

iion, in which he rendered faithful service to 
the government, he was col. 3d Ms. Heavy Art 
and brev. heut.-col. U. S. A. for gallan"try at 
Aiitietam. ° ■' 

AbovUle, D' (dii-bo'vel'), FRANgois Ma- 
rie, Count a French gen. of artillery, b. Brest, 
Jan 23, 1730; d. Nov. 1, 1817. Entering the 
artillery, he distmg. himself at the sieg^ of 
Munstcr in 1759. He commanded in chief 
with the grade of col., the artillery of Rocham- 
beau s army, and directed its operations at 
the siege of Yorktown with great skill, earning 
promotion to the rank of brigadier, and the 
order of the_ Cincinnati, Mari>:hal de camp, i„ 
V u l'^-,^'" '^'""•' tt*^ lieut.-gen., the Ar- 
my of the .North and of the Ardennes, and in 
180, was gov. of Brest. Adhering in 1814 to 
the Bourbons, he was made a peer, and com- 
mander „f the onler of St. Louis. 

Acamapixtle I. (ii-ka-ma-pitch'-tlee). 
King of ihe Aztecs from 1352 to his d. in 13S9 • 
was the legislator of his subjects; built roads 
canals, and afjueducts; collected the scattered 
trihes together, and foiimled the city of Teiioch- 
tillau, near Mexico. 

Ackland, Lady Christina Harkiit 
Caroline Fo.x, dau. of Stephen, Earl of lil- 
clie.^ter, and wife of JIaj. John Dyke Ackland 
otlixton.b. 17.50; d. July 21, 1815. Her 
hiislmnd, maj. in the 20th foot, joined Biir- 
goynes expcd. in 1776; disting. himself, and 
was severely wounded, and made prison,-i- at 
the battle of Saratoga, Oct. 7, 1777. While 
on parole in New York, he alleviated the suf- 
ferings of the American prisoners there. He 
was a member of parliament, and d. Oct. 31, 



A.CO 



A.T>A. 



1 778. Lnily Ilnrrirt, wlio ncoonipniiii'il him 
ilurliiK Uiir;.'oyiie'» i-xpi'il., is mcinurabli* tor lit'r 
eiitli'riiiKS i>i«l heroism iluriii); an nnxioiis nt- 
teiiiliuii'i.' upon hiT husband throu);hoiil the 
iHTiU of a long rampnif^n. The storj n-liitcj 
by Wilkinson in his niomoirs, iviul often re- 
|H.-iite<l, of her husbttml fnllinj; in n duel, her 
conseipicnt insanity, nnil snbseipient niiirriap: 
to .Mr. Kradenell, a ehiiphiin in Uur^oyMe's nr- 
my, lucks confirinir.ion. Some luithorilies 
state that MtiJ. A. ilied from the efl'ect of his 
nonnilH. Lmly A. could never alter hear an al- 
lusion to his name without tears. Her sister, 
Lady Susan, also came to America with her 
hii>hand, William O'lJrien, who held ollico 
under the crown, and returned to Kngland 
lUuinp the war, by which he wiis a large loser 
in huuled property. 

AcOSta, .loAgiiN. an officer in the service 
of the ivpulilic of Colombia, travelled exten- 
sively there and in New Cirnnada, and com- 
piled n map of Nov (irnnada, with a history of 
the discovery and colonization of that country 
(I'aris, 8vo,'l848). Ho also rcpub. the work 
ot Caldas, cited by Humboldt, with notes and 
a preface. 

AcostS, JosKPii u', a Spanish Jesuit and 
nii-sionary, b. Medina del Campo, 15)9; d. 
lector of the U. of Salamanca, Feb. 15, 1600. 
He spent some years subsequent to l.'iil in the 
conversion of the Indians of S. America, and 
was afterwards a provincial in the Jesuit Col- 
leire in I'cru. On his return to Spain, he pub., 
iK'sides his missionary works, " The Natural 
and Jlornl History ol' the Indies," Svo, 15!»0, 
translated into French in HiOO; to which was 
afterward ailded /V Xaluni S'ori Oi-bls, lihri 
iV'io, a work (pu>ted by Robertson and others, 
lie was at one time profes-or of theolojiy at 
Uraila. 

Acrelius, Israel, a Swedish clergyman, 
b. (iMcraker, Dec. iT),' 1714; d. Fellingsbro", 
Apr. aj, ISDO. U.ofUpsal. Ont. 1743. App. 
provost of the Swedish congn'gations on the 
belaware in 1749, and pastor of Christina, 
luaching I'liila. in Nov., he superintended sue- 
ccs-lully the ecclesiastical affairs of the Swe- 
dish colonists until obliireil by ill health to re- 
sign in Nov. 17.')6. tin his return, the kin^ 
gave bim a m'lision and the living of Fcllings- 
bro'. Besides articles on Aiiu'riea in the 
Swedish journals, and some religious works, 
he pub. a description of the Swetlish colonies 
in America, 4to, Stockholm, 17r)9. 

Aoima, d' («-koon'-yii), CHBiSTOPnER, 
Jesuit and exploivr, b. Uiipgos, l.'i97 ; d. Lima, 
all. Ifi7.'i. He was one of the early explorers 
of the Kirer Aniaion, and was sent to report 
the incidents of the exjK'd. of ll>.'19. On his 
ivturn to Spain, he jmb. at Madrid, in 4to, 
1641, .Viinv />lsruhriu,iiu,lo .fr OV.ia AV.. de hs 
AiHir.imrs. The copies of this work were all 
dcsiroycil hut two, one of which tiomlicrville 
tnlllslaI^^I into French in 16S4. The work is 
accom|>aiiicd with a curious ilissertation. He 
subsw|iientlv went to the East Indies, rctnrneil 
to S. America, and died on the way from Pan- 
ama to Lima. 

Adair, Jamks, trader, and author of a his- 
tory ot the American Indians, 4io, 1773. Lon- 
don. The writer, who lived chictlv among the 



Chickasaws from 1735 to 1775, assigns to them 
a Hebrew origin, — an idea then regarded as 
visionary, but which has since found supj>ort- 
crs ; among them Ur. Boiidinot in his " Star 
of the We»t." His argument is tbunded on 
their division into tribes, their language and 
customs. 

Adair, Joits, general, b. Chester Co., S.C, 
1759; d. llarrodsburg, Ky., May I9i 1840. 
lie served in the Hevol. army ; removed to Kv. 
in 1787 ; was a maj. under St. Clair and Wil- 
kinson in the cxiR'ditions against the North- 
western Indians in 1791 ; was attackeil by the 
Miami chief, " Little Turtle," in camp near 
Fort St. Clair, Nov. 6, 1792, and forced to re- 
treat ; and was licut.-col. under Gen. Charles 
Scott in 1793. He was a volunteer aide to 
Gen. Shelby at the battle of the Thames, Oct. 
5, 1813; made brig.-gen. of Ky. militia in Nov. 
1814 ; and com. the Ky. troops with distinction 
at N. Orleans, under Uen. Jackson, in 1814-15. 
He was several years a representative of Mer- 
cer Co. in the Ky. legislature, of which boily 
ho was also speaker ; was a member of the Ky. 
Const. Conv , and register of the U. S. Land 
Oflice; U. S. senator in 1805-6; gov. of Ky. 
182i)-i4; and .M. C. 1831-3, serving on the 
Comniittee on Military Afl'airs. 

Adams, AuiOAit, wife of Pres. John, b. 
Wevmontli, Ms., Nov. 22,1744; d. Qnincv, 
Oct'. 28, 1818. Uau. of Rev. William Smith. 
Feb. 24, 1764, she m. Mr. Adams, then a 
lawyer at Weymouth. She visited Euro])e 
while her husband was minister to England, ia 
17S4-S ; and during his Vice-Presidency and 
Presidency, 1789-1800, resided in I'hila. Her 
letters were pub. by her grandson, Charles F., 
4th ed. Boston, 1848, 12ino. They are inter- 
esting and valuable pictnrvs of the Rcvol. |)e- 
rioil. 

Adams, Amos, minister of Roxbury, Ms., 
from Sept. 12, 1758, to his d. at Dondiester, 
Oct. 5, 1775, b. Medfield, Ms., Sept. 1, 1728. 
H. U. 1752. Ue was an ardent patriot, and 
was seribo of the convention of ministers at 
Watertown, which in May, 1775, recoiumend- 
cd to the people to take up arms. He pnb., 
besides sermons, two discourses on " Religious 
Lilvrtv, " 1767; "A Concise llistorical View of 
New Knglaiid." in two discourses ; on the Gen- 
eral Fast, Apr. 6, 1769, rcpub. London, 1770. 

Adams, Andrew. LL. D. (Y. C. 1796), 
jurist, b. Stratford, Ct., Jan. 1736; d. Litch- 
tield, Nov. 26, 1797. Yale Coll. 1760. Ue 
was admitted to the bar of Fairfield Co. ; 
pmctisj^U law some time iu Stamford ; removed 
in 1764 to Litchfield;- was a inenibcr :.f 
the legislature from 1776 to 1781 ; delegate to 
Congri'ss in 1777-80 and 17S1-2; member 
of the Council in 17^1 ; app. judge of the 
Supreme Court in 1789, and cliief-jnstice in 
1793. He was an adroit and learned lawyer, 
and an able judge. 

Adams, Bi.xja.mix, lawver, b. Worces- 
ter, Ms., 1765; d. Ixbridgv, "Ms.. March 28, 
1837. B. U. 1788. He was an able law- 
ver, a member of the legislature in 1809-14, 
i>tate senator in 1814-15 and 1822-25, and a 
useful member of Congress in 1816-21. 

Adams, Cuakuss, historian of th< 
" I'airiot war," b. Arlington, Vt., Mar. 12, 



ASDA. 



AX>^ 



1785; J. Burlington, Vt., Jan. 12, 1861. U. 
of Vt. 1804. He was nil eminent lawyer, and 
held many public ofSces. 

Adanis, Charles Baker, naturalist, b. 
Dorcliestc-r, Ms., Jan. II, 1814; d. St. 
Thomas, Jan. 19, 1853. Amh. Coll. 18.34. 
He studied at the And. Theol. Scm. two years, 
and then, with the Kcv. Dr. Hitchcock, made 
a geological survcv of New York. Tutor at 
Amh. Coll. 1837. From 1838 to Aug. 1847, he 
was prof, of chemistry and natural history in 
Middlebury Coll., and from 1847 to his death 
was prof, of chemistry and zoiilogy at Amh. 
Coll. Uo made the geological survey of Vt. 
in 1845-7, and, between the years 1844 and 
1851, made scientilic explorations in Panama 
and several of the West India Islands. He 
was a member of numerous scientific .societies, 
and, besides his geological ri^ports of Vt., pub. 
eleven numbers of " Contributions to Con- 
chology," " Monographs of Several Species of 
Shells," " Catalogue of Shells collected in I'a- 
iiama," N.Y., 1852, " Elements of Geology," 
and some papers in Silliiiuiii's Journal. 

Adams, Charlks Francis, LL.D. (H.U. 
I8G4), statesman, son of John Quiney Adams, 
b. Boston, Aug. 18, 1807. H. U. 1825. His 
boyhood was passed with his father at St. 
rcteisljurg. Accompanying his father in his 
mission to England in 1815, he was jilaccd at 
school there until his return home in 1817. 
He studied law in the office of Daniel Webster, 
and was, in 1828, adin. to the bar, but never 
has practised. In 182'J, he in. the youngest 
dau. of V. C. Brooks, a Boston millionnaire. 
Bepresentative in the Icgisl. of Ms, 1831-4; 
senator 1835-7. Having left the Whig party, 
he was, in 1848, the candidate of the newly- 
organized Free Soil party for the Vice-I'resi- 
dcucy. In 1845-8, he edited at Boston a daily 
pa]>er which ])repared the way for the present 
Bcpnblican party. M. C, for the district so 
long icpreseulcd by his father, in 1859-61, and, 
from Mar. 18G1 to Feb. 1868, minister to Great 
liritain, — a position which had been filled by 
his father and grandfather before him. This 
po~t was, during the great Rebellion, an ex- 
ceedingly trying one; but he acquitted himself 
with great credit. He was a eontrii)Utor to 
the Xorth Aimrican Reciew and to the Clirislinn 
Examiner, and has edited his grandfather's col- 
lected writings, with a Memoir by himself, in 
10 vols. 8vo ; " Letters of Mrs. Adams," 4ih ed. 
1848 ; and " Letters of John Adanis addressed 
to his Wife ; " also a " Life of John Adanis," 
2 vols. 1870. His son, John Quincy, b. Bos- 
ton, Sept. 22, 1833 (H. U. 185.3), has been sev- 
eral times democ. candidate for gov, of Ms. 

Adams, Daniel, M.D , physician, and 
author of school text-books, b Townsend, 
Ms , Sept. 29, 1773 ; d. Kcenc, N.Il., June 8, 
1864. Dartm. Coll. 1797; M.D. 1822. He 
taught a select school in Boston in 1806-13; 
practised medicine in Lancaster, Boston, anil 
Kecne, N. H. ; was State senator in N. H. in 
1838-40; and was president of the N. H. 
Medical and Bible Societies. Besides an 
arithmetic, which was extensively used, and 
other school-books, he pub. an oration at Leom- 
in-ter, on the death of Washington; edited the 
Tclaic'jjje, at Mt Vernon, and the Medical and 



Agricultural Register, at Boston. — Dartm. ColL 
Alumni. 

Adams, Ebenezek, educator, b. New Ips- 
wich, N.H., Oct. 2, 1765; d. Hanover, Aug. 15, 
1841. Dartm. Coll. 1791. Descendant of 
Henry of Devonshire, Eng., who settled in 
Braintree ah. 1030. Prece])(or of Leicester 
Acad, in 1792-1806; then took charge of the 
Portliind Acad. ; prof, of mathematics in Phil- 
lips (Exeter) Acad.; prof, of languages at 
Dartm. Coll. in 1809-10, and of mathematics 
and natural philosophy there in 1810—33. Mem- 
ber of many scientilic and literary societies. 

Adams, Edwin, comedian, b. Medford, 
Ms., Feb. 3, 1834. First appeared at the Na- 
tional Theatre, Boston, Aug. 29, 1853, as 
Stephen in " The Hunchback." His first ap- 
pearance in Phila. was Sept. 20, 1854, at the 
Chestnut, as Charles Woodley in " The Sol- 
dier's Daughter." His first great hit was at 
the St. Charles Theatre, Baltimore. He has 
appeared as a star in all the principal cities of 
the U.S. — Brown's Amer. Uliiffe. 

Adams, Elipiialet, minister of New 
London, Ct., b. Deilham, Ms., Mar. 26, 1677 ; 
d. Oct. 4, 1753. U. U. 1694. Ord. Feb. 9, 
1709. William, his father, was second minister 
of Dcdhani. A Diary kept by him, 1667-83, 
is in Ms. Hist. Coll.'iv. 1. Eliphalct was a 
scholar of reputation, and pub. a number of 
sermons. His son William, also a minister, d. 
1798. — Spramie. 

Adams, Hannah, historian, b. Medfield, 
Ms., 1755; d. Brookline, Ms., Nov. 15, 1831, 
and was the first person interred at Mt. 
Auburn Cemetery. Her father was a shop- 
keeper of literary tastes. Her mother d. when 
she was but two years of age. Evincing an 
early fondness for study, she obtained a 
knowledge of Latin and Greek from some 
divinity students hoarding at her father's house. 
He failed in business \yhen she was 17 ; and 
the children were obliged to provide for them- 
selves. During the lievol. she supported 
herself by making lace, and teaching. She was, 
])erhaps, the first of those literary women of 
whom our country has since been so prolific, 
and, though much esteemed as a writer, de- 
rived little pecuniary benefit from her literary 
labors. Her friends, however, contributcj 
liberally to her support, raising for her declin- 
ing years a comfortable annuity. Simple in 
her manners, she possessed rare modesty, and 
great excellence and purity of character. 
Small in stature, she was, in old age, very 
deaf, fond of strong tea, and an inveterate 
snuff-taker. She corresponded with learned 
men in Europe, among them, the Abbe (ire- 
golre, who assisted her with material for her 
" History of the Jews." She pub. " View of 
Keligions," 1784; " llistorv of New England," 
1799; " History of the Jews," 1812; " a Con- 
troversv with Dr. Morse," 1814 ; " Letters on 
the Gospels," 2d cd. 1826 ; and " Evidences of 
the Clirisiiiiii Ueligion," 1804. Her Autobi- 
ography, with a continuation by Mrs. G. G. 
Lee, was pub. in 1832. 

Adams, Isaac, inventor of the ])owor 
printing-press in general use, b. Bochester, 
N.H., 1803; descended from Uev. Joseph of 
Newington, 1689-1783. His education was 



AJDA. 



jVDA. 



very limited. He first became a factory opera- 
tive, alti-r««rds learned the tradi' of a cabinet- 
maker ; came to liostun ah. 1824, and went 
into a machine-shop, lie invciiieJ a |irimin;;- 
press in 1828, which in 1834 he improved, 
innkinf; it subsuuiiiiilly what it now is. With 
liin bro. Setii, he enj;u|.'ed in the nianiifae- 
ture ol these and other uiaehincs, and Jcmiired 
a competency. Menilicr Ms. senate. 

Adams, Jamks Hoi-kins, politician, b. 
S.('.al). 1811; d. near t^olumbia, S.C., July 27, 
18C1. Vale Coll. 1831. He sironf;ly op)>osed 
in the S. C. legisl. in 18.)0, the luillitication 
doctrine ; was subsequently a member of the 
Senate; was gov. of S. C. in 18.75-7, and, 
after the passage of the " Secession Ordinance," 
was one of the commissioners to treat with the 
President conceriiinij the U. S. i)roperty in 
South Carolina. 

Adams, Jasper, D.D., educator, b. Med- 
wav, Ms., 1793 ; d. Charleston, S.C, Oct. 25, 
1841. B. U. 1815. He studied theulofty; was 
prof, of mathematics in B. U. 1819-24 ; took 
charge of Charleston Coll. in 1824, and of Ge- 
neva Cidl in 182.5-7; and was president of the 
former in 1827-36. He next occupied himself 
in preparing a treatise on moral science, pub. 
in 1837. He was in 1838-H) a prof, of geog- 
raphy, history, and ethics, in West I'oint Acad., 
and .Milisequently had charge of a seminary at 
Pendleton, S.C. 

Adams, John, poet and Cong, minister, 
b. 1704; d. Cambridge, M.s., Jan. 23, 1740. 
H.U. 1 721. Son of Hon. John Adams of Nova 
Scotia. Settled minister of Newport, K.I., 
Apr. 11, 1728; dismissed Feb. 25, 17,3U, after- 
ward settled in I'hila. His poems (Boston, 
1745) include the Book of Revelations in heroic 
verse, and evince a lively fancy, and a hiirmony 
of versilication remarkable for that period. An 
ingenious and satirical piece on the love of 
money, pub. during his liletiine, is not included 
in this volume. He had genius and learning, 
and was a popular preacher ; was " master of 
nine languages, and conversant with Ijreek, 
Latin, French, and Spanish authors." 

Adams, Jons, second President U.S., b. 
Brainiree, now Quincv, M.S., Oct. 19, 1735; d. 
there July 4, 1826. "H. U. 1755. His father 
was a selectman and farna'r of limited means. 
He fir»t taught school at Worcester, and be- 
gan to study law ; though his early inclina- 
tion was for the army. Keturning to Braintreo 
in 1 758, he acquired a good practice, and in 
1764 in. Abigail Smith, a woman of superior 
abilities and sense. He was the author of 
the Instructions of the Town of Brainticc 
to its Ueprcsentatives on the Sulyect of the 
Stamp Act, which were adopted vnbatim by 
more than 40 towns. App. by the town of 
Boston, together with Gridley and Otis, to 
support a memorial addressed to the governor 
and council that the courts luiglit proceed with 
business without stamps, Adams opened the 
case, lioliUy taking the ground that the Stamp 
Act was ab.<iolutely void, parliament having no 
right to tax the Colonics. Some papers writ- 
ten by him at this time for the Boston Gazftle 
were subsequently pub. as an *' Essay on the 
Canon and Feudal Law.' He moved to Bos- 
ton in 1768; drafted the iustruciions to its rep- 



resentatives; and in 177U was chosen to the 
General Court, notwithstanding his defence of 
Capt. Preston and his soldiers for the " Boston 
Massacre." He was from this time forward 
the chief legal adviser of the patriots, and a 
leader among them. Elected to the Provincial 
Council in 1773 and 1774, he was negatived 
by Gov. Hutchinson. Chosen a delegate to 
the Congre.'^s of 1774, he advocated resting 
colonial rights upon the law of nature as well 
as the law of England, and shaped the reso- 
lutions thereupon. On bis return, he was cho- 
sen to the Provincial Congress. At this time, 
he wrote, under the signature of Xovanglus, 
his reply to MussaclmselU nsia, — a series of ef- 
fective pajiers in vindication of the course of 
Great Britain. An abridgment of them was 
pub. in Alinon's "Ueniembrancer" for 1775 as 
" A History of the Dispute with America ; " 
and they have twice been rcpub. In the Con- 
tinent;il Congress of 1775, he carried the prac- 
tical measures of putting the Colonics in a state 
of defence ; adopting the N. E. anny about 
Boston ; and also, to conciliate Virginia and 
the South, proposed Washington tor the chief 
command. In Sept. he drew up, as one of the 
CommiticB of Naval Affairs, rules and regu- 
lations, the basis of our existing Naval Code. 
He urged upon Congress to advise all the 
provinces at once to institute governments of 
their own, which was done. His views upon 
State governments were printed under the title 
of " Thoughts on Government Applicable to 
the Present State of the American Colonies." 
Placed on the Committee on the Declaration 
of Independence, and also on that of Foreign 
l{elaiions, upon him devolved the Uisk of 
battling the IJeclaration through Congress in 
a three-days' debate. President of the Board 
of War, June 12, 1776-Dec. 1777, and was 
also chairman of the committee which decided 
appeals in admiralty cases from the State 
Courts. Appointed, Nov. 28, 1777, commis- 
sioner to France to supersede Dcane, he 
reached Paris Apr. 8, 1778, and tinding a 
want of harmony between the commissioners, 
Franklin and Lee, advised intrusting the mis- 
sion to a single person. Franklin having been 
made sole ambassador, he returned home in 
time to take a seat in the State convention for 
forming a constitution, and took a leading part 
in its formation. App. by Congress minister 
to treat with Great Britaiii for peace and com- 
merce, he sailed for France in Nov. 1779. Vtr- 
gennes, the French minister, who distrusted 
him, finally obtained from Congress the recall 
of Mr. Ailams's ]>owers to negotiate a treaty 
of commerce, and the conjunction with him of 
several colleagues, of whom Franklin was one. 
In July, 1780, ho went to Holland to negotiate 
a loan, and Apr. 19, 1782 was received as am- 
bassador by the States-General, from whom 
he soon after obtained a loan of two million 
dollars, and with whom he made a treaty of 
amity and commerce. In Oct. he retnrned to 
Paris to assist in making the treaty of peace, 
and was chiefly instrumental in securing the 
fisheries to the U. S. With Franklin and 
Jay ho negotiated a treaty of commerce with 
Great Britain. In the lollowing winter, he 
negotiated another Dutch loan ; was com- 



AJ3^ 



AT>A 



missioni^ with Franklin and Jefferson fo 
lorin trtiities with foruiyn powers, ami in Jlay, 
1783, went as minister to tlie court of St. 
James. While at this post, he prepared his 
" Deli?ncc of the American Constitutions." 
Rivalled in Feb. 1788, on his arrival home, he 
was re-appointed a dcle^'ate to Congress, hut 
did not take his seat, having been elected Vice- 
President of the U.S., receiving the ne.xt hi;;;h- 
est nninher of votes to Washinijton in the 
first Presidential election, lie sustained the 
policy of Washington, giving, as president of 
the senate, his casting-vote in many important 
measures. The French Kevol., to which he 
was opposed, led him to write his " Discourses 
on Davila," in which he conlrovertid the 
radical democ. doctrines of the day. Chosen 
president by a small majority over Jefferson 
(or the term bcgnining Mar. 4, 1797, his ad- 
ministration was vehemently opposed by the 
now pariy under the lead of Jetl'erson, called 
Republicans, who were friendly to the French 
Rcvol , while the Federal party were deter- 
mined to preserve neutrality. The French 
Directory having issued decrees and orders 
highly injurious to American commerce, a na- 
vy was set on toot, an army jiarily levied, with 
Washington for commander-in-chief; and a 
(jimsi war with France ensued. Commission- 
ers Ellsworth, Davie, and Murray, however, 
succeeded in arranging the matters in dispute 
with Bonaparte, then just elected consul. The 
heavy taxes to meet the expenses of warlike 
preparations, the ill-advised Alien and Sedition 
Law, and the charge of being under British 
influence, countenanced by Hamilton, de- 
stroyed Adams's popularity ; and in the follow- 
ing election he received hut 65 electoral votes, 
while Jerterson and Burr had 73 each. His 
subsequent lile was passed in retirement at the 
homestead in Quincy. At the pgc of 85, he 
was cho.^en a delegate to the Convention to re- 
vise the Constitution of Ms., and was request- 
ed to preside, but declined. He lived to see 
his son President, and to receive Jelferson's 
congratulations upon it. By a remarkable 
coincidence, they both expired on the fiftieth 
anniversary of that Declaration of Independ- 
ence in which they had both taken so active 
a part. His dan. Abigail m. Col. Wni. S. 
Smith, his secretary of legation in Lon- 
don, lie wrote for the Boston Patriot many 
valuable contributions to the history of his 
times, a portion of which, entitled " Corre- 
spondence," was pub. 8vo, 1809. His Letters 
to Mr. Tudor led to the jinblication of the Life 
of (Jtis, and shed much light on the early his- 
tory of the Revol. Mis grandson Charles 
Fraiuis Adams has pub. his collected writ- 
ings, including his "Autobiography." Among 
his oilier publications are " Twenty-six Let- 
crs on the American Revolution, written in 
Holland in 1780;" "Correspondence with 
W. Cunningham," 1823 ; and Letters on Gov- 
ernment to Samuel Adams," 1802. Though 
courteous in manner, Mr. Adams was some- 
what irritable in temper. 

Atiams John, muj.-gcn. C.S.A., b. Tcnn. 
1823; killed at the battle of Franklin, Tenn., 
Nov. 30, 1864. West Point, 1846. Entering 
the 1st dragoons, he was brcvctted 1st licui. 



for gallantry at Santa Cruz de Rosales, Mar. 
16, 1848 ; capt. Nov. 30,1856 ; had .seen consid- 
erable Indian fighting in Utah and N. Mexi- 
co; resigned Mar. 31, 1861, to join in the Re- 
bellion. 

Adams, John Quincy, sixth President 
of United Stales, b. Braintree, Julv 11, 1767 ; 
d. Washington, D.C., Feb. 23, 1848. H. U. 
1787. Son of Pres. John Adams. He re- 
ceived his name of " Quincy " from his mater- 
nal grandfather, an intluential citizen, who died 
just as his grandchild was born. In Feb. 
1778, he accompanied his lather in his mission 
to France, occupying himself, until his return 
in Aug. 1779, in studying the French and Latin 
languaires ; enjoying tlie special favor and 
friendship of Fniiklin. In Nov. he made a 
second visit to France, and resumed his stu- 
dies, which were siibsequeiilly pursued at Am- 
sterdam and at the U. of Leydcn. In 1781, 
at the age of 14, he aeeoni|):uiieil Mr. Dana 
to Russia as private sec. In 1782, he spent 
some time in Stockholm, Co|)enhagen, and 
Hamburg ; accompanied his father to England, 
and, in 1784, to Paris; returning home early 
in 1785. After graduating at Harvard with 
disting. honor, he studied law with Tlieophilus 
Parsons, and practised at Boston, obtaining 
distinction as a political writer. Under the 
signature of "Publicola," in 1791, he advo- 
cated neutrality with France; suggesting 
doubts of the fovorable issue of the French 
Revol. From 1194 to 1801, he was suc- 
cessively minister to Holland, England, and 
Prussia, receiving in 1798 a commission to 
negotiate a treaty of commerce with Sweden ; 
and residing in Berlin from Nov. 1797, to Apr. 
1801, when he was recalled. While here, he 
wrote his "Letters from Silesia." July 27, 
1797, he ra. Louisa, dan. of Joshua Johnson, 
consul at London, and niece of Thos. John- 
son gov. of Md., and judge of the U. S. Su- 
preme Court. In 1802, he was in the senate 
of Ms., and was in that of the U.S. from 1803, 
until, in 1808, he resigned on account of dis- 
agreement on the question of embargo with 
the Ms. legisl. His course in this matter led 
to a serious controversy between him and his 
colleague Timothy Pickering. From 1806 to 
1809, he was prof" of rhetoric at H. U. Min- 
ister to Russia in 1809, his influence at that 
court induced its offers of intervention, which 
culminated in the treaty of peace between 
Eng. and the U. S. He was one of the com- 
missioners to negotiate that treaty at Ghent 
in 1814; after the signing of which, he, with 
Gallatin and Clay, negotiated at the court of 
St. James a commercial treaty with Great 
Britain, signed July 13, 1815. He remained 
in London as resident minister until Mar. 
1817. While at St. Petersburg in 1811, he 
was app. a judge of the U. S. Supreme Court, 
but declined. A series of letters to his son on 
" The Bible and its Teachings," was written 
at this period. From 1817 to 1825, he was 
Sec. of State to President Monroe, whom he 
succeeded as President in 1825. In 1831, he 
was sent to Congress, where he was continued, 
by successive re-elections, until his death, which 
occurred suddenly in the Capitol. His last 
words were, " This is the last of earth : I am 



AJDA. 



8 



ADA. 



content." As a scholar, his attainments were 
various and profound. Congress devolved 
upon liini tlic duty of pronounein;; tlie eulo- 
giuni upon Lafayette ; and he a!.so pronounced 
at Boston the funeral-orations upon JIadison 
and Monroe. As Sec. of State, the claims on 
Spain were by his influence adjusted ; Florida 
was added to" the Union ; and the republics of 
S. America recognized. Mr. Adams's adminis- 
tration favored the application of all the super- 
fluous revenues of the country to internal 
improvements. The fearless stand which he 
maintained in Congress upon the right of 
petition was in the highest degree honorable 
to him. He looked upon slavery as an un- 
mitigated curse. His voice was heard on> 
nearly every important question before the 
House. Wiien more than fourscore, he was 
yet " the Old Man Eloquent." Imlcpendeut, 
manly, and patriotic, he never swerved from 
what he believed to lie the path of duty ; leav- 
ing bihind him a lii;;h reputation for purity 
and (lisinterestedness. In 1810, his "Lectures 
on Rhetoric and Oratory " were pub. ; " Let- 
ters on Freemasonry," in 183a ; " Dermot 
MacMurrough," a poem, IBS'2; and, in 1848 
" Poems of Ueiigion and Society." A Jlemoir 
bv Josiah Quiney was pub. in Boston, 8vo, 
18.58. 

Adams, Matthew, writer, of Boston, d. 
Mar. a, 1749. He was a merchant or trades- 
man, and had a large collection of books. Dr. 
Franklin acknowledges his obligations for ac- 
cess to his library. He contrib. essays to the 
Neio-Enriland Joiirmil, and pub. some poetical 
essays. His son John, minister of Durham, 
N.IL, 1748-78, b., June 19, 1725; d. June 4, 
1792. H. U. 174.5. Rev. Hugh, minister of 
Durham, bro. of Matthew. H. U. 1697, d. 
17.50. — See Drab's BosUm, pp. 034, 675. 

Adams, N.ithaxuvL, author, b. Ports- 
mouth, N.IL, 1756; d. li.xetcr, Aug. 5, 1829. 
Dartm. Coll. 1775. He began the study of 
law with Gen. Sullivan ; but, before the ex- 
piration of his term, was a]jp. clerk ot the N.H. 
Superior Court, and for more than fifty years 
officiated in the courts of the Stale. He was 
the reporter of the first vol. of " Decisions of 
tlie N.H. Court," pub. 1819, and author of 
" Annals of Portsmouth," 1825 ; one of the 
founders of the N.H. Hist. Society. 

Adams, Nehkmiaii, 1).I)., Cong, clergy- 
man, b. Salem, Ms., Feb. 19 1806. H. U. 
1826 ; And. Theol. Scm. 1829. Settled as col- 
league with Uev. Dr. Holmes of the First 
Church, Cambridge, Dee. 17, 1829, and since 
Mar. 26, 1834, has been pastor of the Essex- 
st Church, Boston. Many years an oHicer 
of the Anier. Tract See. ai'ul of the A. B. C. 
F. AL An eloquent and earnest preacher. 
Dr. Adams took an active part in the Uni- 
tarian controversy, and has pub. " Remarks 
on the Unitarian Belief ;"" The Friends of 
Christ," 1851 ; " Autobiog. of Thos. Shepard," 
&c., 1832; "Life of John Kliot," 1847; 
" Southside View o( Slavery," 1854, present- 
ing a favorable view of the institution ; " Cor- 
respondence with Gov. Wise of Va." on the 
same subject ; occasional discourses, &e. He 
was a frequent contributor to the Spirit of the 
Pilgrims, Boston, 1826-33. 



Adams, Samcel, one of the foremost of 
the Revol. patriots, b. Boston, Sept. 27, 1722; 
d. there Oct. 2, 1803. H. U. 1740. LL.D. 
1792. Samuel and Pres. John Adams were 
great-grandsons of the son of Henry, the first 
emigrant. His father, Samuel, many years a 
rep. in the Ms. Assembly, d. 1747. He studied 
for the ministry. On receiving the degree of 
A. M. in 1743, he proposed, and took the af- 
firmative in the discussion of, the question, 
" Whether it be lawful to resist the supreme 
magistrate, if the commonivcalth cannot other- 
wise be preserved ? " About the same time he 
tub. n pamphlet called EiviHshnum'a lii'/lils. 
fnsucecssful as a merchant, as a writer he 
soon Iwcame eminent, preserving by his efforts 
the estate of his father, which had been at- 
tached on account of the "Land Bank Bul>- 
ble." His able writings in opposition to the 
administration of Shirley procured him public 
esteem ami confidence. App. tax collector, 
his political opponents styled him " Samuel 
the Publican." He was a member of a ])oliti- 
cal club which originated important meas- 
ures ; fomented hostility to the Stamp Act, the 
tea-duty, and other aggressive measures; and 
drew up the instructions of the town »( Bos- 
ton in May, 1764, to its representatives, 
against Grenvillc's schemes of parliamentary 
tiixation. Elected a representative in 1765, 
he was chosen clerk, and lor nearly ten years 
was the soul of that assembly. Courageous 
and ardent, he was yet jjrmlent, and knew 
how to bend the passions of others to his pur- 
pose. He is said to have suggested the congress 
which assembled at N. Y. in 1 765. In conse- 
quence of the act imposing duties, in 1767, 
Adams suggested the non-im[iortation agree- 
ment, which took effect .Jan. 1, 1769. On the 
day following the " massacre " of Mar. 5, 1770, 
he addressed a public meeting with impressive 
eloquence, and was chairman of the committee 
to denumd of Gov, Hutchinson the immedi- 
ate removal of the troops. The stern and in- 
flexible patriot carrieil his point, and clearly 
exposed the fallacy of Hutchinson's reply to 
the demand. Committees of correspondence 
were in 1772 first adopted by Ms., on motion 
of Adams ; and the plan was followed by 
all the provinces. To Gov. Gage's overture to 
him to make his peace with the king, he re- 
plit'd, " I trust I have long since made my 
peace with the A'lnr/ of kiiys. No personal 
considerations shall iiuluce me to abandon the 
righteous cause of my country." He was one 
of those who matured the plan of a general 
congress ; was one of the first delegates ; and 
was an active mcmlxrr from Sept. 5, 1774. to 
1781, rendering most important services to his 
country. The last official act of the British 
Government in Ms. was to proscribe John 
Hancock and Samuel Adams, June 12, 1775. 
He was one of the earliest and most zealous ad- 
vocates of independence, which he had avowed 
as early as 1769, ami which be wished lo have 
declared immediately al'rer the battle of I.,ex- 
ington. With John Adams he made the draft 
of the Slate Constitution, 1779, and also the 
aildress of the convention to the people. Pres- 
ident of the senate of Ms. in 1781. Member 
of the conrcation which adopted the Federal 



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Constitution in Feb. 178S, thounrh objecting 
to some of its provisions : some of his iimend- 
ments, afterwards agreed to, now form a part 
of that insiniment. Licut-jjov. of Ms. 1789- 
94; gov. 1794-7. His only son, Samuel, b. 
Oct. 27, 1741 (H. U. 177U)," studied medicine 
under Ur. Joseph Warren, served as a suryeon 
during the war, and d. Jan. 17, 1788. Though 
poor, Samuel Adams possessed a lofty and in- 
corruptible spirit, was pure in morals, and 
grave and austere in manner, though warm in 
his feelings. An enthusiastic love of liberty, 
an inextinguishable hatred of tyranny, great 
promptness of dcci.sion, and inflexible firmness, 
were his prominent characteristics. His Revol. 
services were not surpassed by those of any in- 
dividual. From the commencement of the dis- 
putes, he was incessantly em])loyed, — writing 
State papers from 1765 to 1774, planning and 
organizing clubs and committees, haranguing 
iu town-meetings, or filling the columns of the 
public prints adapted to the spirit and temper 
of the times. As a speaker, he was pure, con- 
cise, Jogieal, and imprcs.sive; and the energy of 
his diction w.is not inferior to the depth of his 
mind. Jeflferson attributed to him a greater 
share than to any other member of Con- 
gress in advising and directing its measures 
iu the northern war. He was jealous of 
all delegated ])Ower, even in the hands of a 
Wiishington. He was a warm admirer of the 
French Kevol., and belonged to the Republi- 
can or Jeffersonian parly. His wife, Elizabeth, 
dau. of Kcv. Samuel Checkley, whom he m. 
Oct. 17, 1749, was a most exemplary woman. 
Adams pub. a LtUer to tlie Earl of Hillsboromjh, 
a Letter in Answer to T/iomas Paine, in Defence 
of Chrislianitfi, and an Oration in 1776. Four 
Letters on Gorernmenl were pub. in pamphlet 
form in 1800 — See Life and Public Services, 
with extracts from his writings, edited bv his 
grandson, William V. Wells. 3 vols. 8vo, 1866. 
Adams, Si;th, inventor, b. Rochester, 
N.H., Apr. 13, 1807. Apprenticed to a cabi- 
netmaker; removed to Boston in 1828; worked 
in a machine-shop; began business for him- 
self in 18.31 ; in 18.33 became interested in the 
printing-press invented by his bro. Isaac; 
erected a new machine-shop in 1836, and em- 
barked largely in manufacturing the new 
press, and cstablislud the firm of I. & S. 
Adams, which continued until 1856, with great 
pecuniary profit. In 1849 he began the busi- 
ness of sugar-refining; and in 1859 built in So. 
Boston an establishment for this purpose, 
which is one of the most noteworthy in the 
world. He has been a member of the city 
council and of the board of public works. 
JI. A. of Bowd. Coll., to which he gave a con- 
siderable sum for the enlargement of their 
buildings. Resides in Newton, Ms. 

Adams, Wii,i.iA.M, D.l). (N. y. U. 1842), 
LL.l). (N. J. Coll. 1869); b. Colchester, Ct., 
1807. Yale Coll. 1827. His father, .John 
Adams, LL.l)., principal of tho Colchester 
Acad., and afterward of that at Andover, Ms., 
d. Jackconville, III., Apr. 24, 1863, a. 90. Yale 
Coll. 1795. At 27 he left his N. E. parish to 
visit the South lor his health, became pastor of 
the Broome-st. Church, N. Y. (183.)-.')3), and 
has since been pastor of the New School Pres- 



byterian Church, cor. 24th St. and Madison 
Ave., NY. City. Besides sermons, Dr. Adams 
has pub. " The Three Gardens, — Eden, Geth- 
semane, and Paradise." 

Adams, William T., " Oliver Optic," 
writer of juvenile books, b. Jlcdway, Ms., July 
30, 1822. 20 years a teacher ; for 6 years he 
was principal of the Boylston and Bowditeh 
Schools, Boston. He has pub. " Boat Club," 
" Woodville," and " Army and Navy " series, 
6 vols, each ; " Riverdale," 12 vols. ; "Young 
America Abroad," 6 vols., and " Starry Flag," 
6 vols. These have been pub. by Messrs. Lee 
& Shepard, Boston, and have attained great 
popularity. He has for some years edited Oli- 
ver 0/ilic's Mainline for Boijs and tlirls. 

Adams, Winborn, Rcvol. officer of Dur- 
ham, N.H., mortally wounded at the battle of 
Stillwater, Sept. 19, 1777. Capt. 2d N. H. 
regt., 1775 ; niaj. in 1776 ; lieut.-eol. in Reid's 
regt. in the spring of 1777. 

Adams, Zabdiel, minister of Lunenburg, 
Ms., b. Braintree, Nov. 5, 1739; d. Mar. 1, 
1801. H. U. 1759. Old. Sept. 5, 1764. His 
father was uncle to Pres. John Adams. Ab. 
1774, he pub. a pamphlet maintaining that a 
pastor bad a negative upon the proceedings of 
the church. Some ministers, in consequence 
of embracing this doctrine, lost their parishes. 
He pub. sermons on "Church Music," 1771 ; 
"Christian Unity," 1772; " Election Sermon," 
1781 ; on Apr. 19, 1783, and at the ordination 
of E. Whipple, 1788. 

Addington, Is.vac, sec. of the province 
of Ms., b. Jan. 22, 1645, in Boston ; d. there 
Mar. 19, 1715. Son of Isaac Addington, sur- 
geon, by Anne, sister of Gov. Leverett, and was 
bred to his father's profession. Member of 
the house of representatives and speaker in 
1685; an assist, iii 1686; was one of those who 
opposed the administration of Sir Edmund 
Anilros, and on its overthrow, Apr. 1689, was 
chosen clerk of the Council of Safety, to whom 
the government was committed by the jieople. 
Sec. from his appointment in 169U till his 
death, — a period of nearly 26 years. Judge 
of the Court of Common Pleas from 1693 to 
1702, and chief justice of the Superior Court 
in 1702-3. He was many years chosen to the 
council, and was successively clerk, registrar, 
and judge of the Probate Court of Sufl'blk; 
holding the latter office from 1702 till 1715. 
He was as remarkable for bis modesty as for 
his gnat integrity, wisdom, and industry. 

Addison, Alexander, a di.sting. lawyer 
of Pittsburg, Pa., b. 1759; d. Nov. 24, 1807. 
He was judge of that circuit 12 years; was an 
accomplished scholar and a cultivated writer. 
He pub. "Observations on Gallatin's Speech," 
1798; " Analysis of the Report of a Commit- 
tee of the Va. Assembly," 1800; " Penn. Re- 
ports," 1803. 

Adet (a'dii'), Pierre Augustus, French 
politician and chemist, b. Paris, 1763; d. ab. 
1832. Brought up in the artillery service, he 
quitted it to devote himself to the 'study of the 
Beienccs, but, engaging in politics, was success- 
ively chief of the administration of the Colo- 
nies, member of the council of mines, colleague 
of the minister of marine in 1793, resident at 
Geneva in 1794, ambassador to the U. S. in 



10 



AO-N" 



1795-7 ; w«s afterward called to the tribunate ; 
prefect of the Nievre in 1803; ihosin lo the 
Beniite in 1809, and to the chamher of deimties 
in 1814, as a cunsiitutionalisi. He puli. some 
chemical works. In 179G, he presenicd to con- 
gress, on the part of the I'"reueli nation, the tri- 
colored Haj:, and in 1797 sent to the See, of 
State the famous note in which the Directory 
declared that the flaj; of the repulilie would 
treat all neutral flags as thiy (leruiitted them- 
selves to ho treated by the Ln);lish, — a decla- 
ration regarded by our governuient as contrary 
to the tenor of the treaty of 1778. Adet then 
suspended his functions, and returned to 
France. 

Adler, George J., Ph.D., author, b. Lcip- 
sie, (juimanv, 1821 ; d. Blooniingdale Insane 
Asylum, N.Y., Aug. 24, 1868. U. of N.Y. 
1844. He came to the U.S. in 18.33 ; was prof 
of German at the U. of N.Y. from 1846 to 
■1-854, and, until he lost his rea.<on in 1860, was 
n teacher, and writer of te.xt-books. Aniong his 
works are a German grammar, 1846; a render, 
1847; a dictionary, 1848, and a manual of 
German literature, 1853; a Latin grammar, 
1858; translations of the" Iphigenia" of Goethe, 
and a history of Provencal Poetry, by C. C. 
Fauriel, 1860; notes on the Agamemnon of 
^schylus, 1861 ; and his last, a " Ueview of 
Nathan the Wise," in Piilmim's Mw/aziiie for 
Sept. 1868. lie delivered lectures in N.Y. on 
" Koman Literature" in 1862, and in 1864 on 
Goethe's " Faust." His " Letters of a Luna- 
tic " apjjearcd in 1854. 

Adrain, Uoiiekt, LL. D., mathematician, 
b. Carrickfergus, Ireland, Sept. 30, 1775; d. N. 
Brunswick, N.J., Aug. 10, 1843. He taught 
school. Was dangerously wounded in the 
Irish rebellion of 1798, in which he command- 
ed a company; escaped pursuit, and, arriving 
in N.Y., taught school successively at Prince- 
ton, N.J., York and Reading, Pa., and was a 
contributor to a scientilic journal pub. in NY., 
and to the Auiuilist in Phila. ; prof, of mnihe- 
matics ami natural philosopliv in Rutgers Coll. 
in 1810-13, and in Col. Coll."in 1813-25; from 
1827 to 1834 was prof, of mathematics in the 
U. of Pa., and also vice-provost ; and after- 
wards engaged in teaching in N.Y. He was a 
member of many scientilic bodies in Kuroy)C 
and America ; edited an improved edition of 
" nation's Mathematics," also a periodical, 
the MalliemulictU Diaiy, in 1825-8, and pub. 
p«|)ers on " Tlie Figure and Magnitudi^ of the 
Karih," and on " Gravity " in the periodicals of 
the diiy." 

Agassiz (iV-gi-see), Locis John Rc- 
uoi.i'ii, naturalist, b. in the parish of Mottier, 
near Lake Xeufchuiel, Switzerland, May 28, 
1807. Uf Huguenot descent: his father was 
pastor of St. Imier. lie studied at Bienne 
and the toll, of Lausanne, at the Zurich 
medical school (1824-5), and at the universities 
of Heidelberg and Munich, besides attending, 
for four years, Schelling's lectures on philos- 
ophy. He aided Martius in liis great work 
on Brazil, and, by the help of Cotta the pub- 
lisher, was enabled to complete his " Natural 
History of the Fresh Water Fishes of Kurope." 
Receiving at Erlangen the degree of Ph. D., 
and at Munich that of M. D., be next studied 



the fishes of the Danube, and gave seven years 
to the study of fossil fishes. lie was enabled 
by Christcnat. a friend of his father, to prose- 
cute bis studies in Paris, and was ofiered by 
Cuvicr all his own collections. Returning in 
1832 to Neufclmtel, he was app. prof, of natural 
history there. The liberality of Humboldt 
enabled him to pub. his great work on " Fossil 
Fishes," 5 vols. (1834-44), with a folio atlas. 
He arrived in Boston in 1846, intending to 
study the natural history and geology of the 
country, and lectured there on the animal 
kingdom and on the glaciers. Returning in 
the summer of 1847 from a journey south. 
Prof Bache, superintendent of the U. S. Coast 
Sur\-ey, tendered him its facilities for the con- 
tinuance of his labors, of which offer he availed 
himself, and has since resided in Cambridge, 
Ms. Prof, of zoology and geology in the 
Lawrence Scientific school, Cambridge, since 
its foundation in 1848; in which year he made, 
with some of his pupils, a scientilic explora- 
tion of tfie shores of Lake Superior. In 1850, 
he spent the winter upon the reels of Florida. 
While prof, of comp. anatomy in the Charles- 
ton (S. C.) Med. Coll. (1852-4), he studied 
the marine animals of that coast. In 1865, he 
explored Brazil, the results of which, " A 
Journey in Brazil," by Mrs. Agassiz, was pub. 
1867, and another vol., by C. F. Hartt, in 

1870. In 1861, he received the Copley Medal 
from the Royal Society of London. From the 
Acad, of Sciences, Paris, he has received the 
Monthyon Prize, for experimental philos., and 
the Cuvier Prize ; the Wollastoii medal from 
the Geolog. Soc, Lond. ; and the Medal of 
Merit from the King of Prussia. Member of 
the leading scientilic bodies, and contributor 
to the prominent scientific journals of Europe 
and America. LL.U. of the Universities of 
Dublin and Edinburgh. His researches upon 
the glaciers of the Alps are embodied in 
" fctudes sur les Glacicres," 1840, and " Sys- 
ti;me Glaciale," 1847. Among bis works are 
"Lake Superior," 8vo, 1850, and "Contri- 
butions to the Natural Hist, of the U. S.," 
of which four vols, oulv have yet appeared; 
"Methods of Study in "XaturalHist. ;" Geo- 
logical Sketches," " The Structure of Animal 
Life," 8vo, 1862; and "Twelve Lectures on 
Comparative Embryology," before the Lowell 
Institute, Boston, 1849. 

Agate, Frederick S., artist, b. Sparta, 
N.Y., 1807; d. N.Y. City, May, 1844; visited 
Italy in 1835 ; was an assiduous student ia 
art, but d. without leaving any works of very 
great interest. Of those he left, the best 
known are, " Dcail Christ and Mother," " Co- 
lumbus and the Egg," " The Ascension," and 
" Count Ugolino." 

Agnel, llv.vciNTii R., teacher of French 
at W i»t Point Milit. Acad, since Feb. 4, 1840, 
b. N. Y.; d. West Point, N. Y., ab. Feb. 15, 

1871. Author of a "Treatise on Chess," 1867, 
and " Tabular System of French Instruction." 

Agnew, .I.VME9, n British gen., killed at 
the battle of Germantown, Oct. 4, 1777. Maj. 
58ih Foot, Dec. 1757; lieut.-col. 44th, Dec. 
1764; came to Boston late in 1775; was 
engaged at Brooklyn Heights, Aug. 27, 1776; 
when, as well as in the tollowiiig campaign, 



A.GXr 



11 



a:k.e 



he com. the 4th brijrade of the royal array. 
He com. a detachtneiil under Gov. Tryon, in 
his exped. to Danbiiry, A]ir. 26, 1777, and 
was at the battle of Brandywine, where he was 
slightly wounded by a cannon-ball. 

Aguirre (a-ger'-ra), Loi'e dk, a Spanish 
adventurer. He went to Peru during the 
exped. of Orsua, in quest of the iniajjinary 
Eldorado (1560-61), a history of which has 
been written by Southey, and committed great 
atrocities. He prompted Orsua to seize su- 
preme power, then killed him to obtain his 
place ; and from that time committed frequent 
murders. He d. by violence in Venezuela. 

Ahuitzol, emperor of the Aztecs ab. the 
close of the l.Tth century, is said to have en- 
larged his empire, and to have expended large 
sums in building canals and public edifices in 
Mexico. Tradition says, that, in U86, he in- 
augurated a tcmi)le hy the slaughter of 72,344 
prisoners, the butchery lasting 43 days. 

Aiken, WiLLUM, statesman, b. Charleston, 
S.C, 1806. S.C. Coll. 1825. After travelling 
for some time in Europe, he returjied in 182U, 
and in 1830 became the proprietor of Jeho^see 
Island, .30 miles south of Charleston, where 
heemployed 1,000 negroes, and cultivated near 
2,000 acres of rice. Member of the State legisl. 
in 1838-40; State senator in 1842; governor 
in 1844-6; and representative to Congress 
from 18.il to 1837. A democrat of the Cal- 
houn school : he was supported by that party 
in Congress for the speakership, and la ked 
but one vote. He has contrib. largely to the 
local enterprises of that region, making large 
donations to the Orphan Asylum of Charles- 
ton, and contrib. to the endowment of the 
Charleston Coll. and other public institutions 
of his native city. He took no part in the 
Rebellion. 

Aikman, Alex.vxder, loyalist editor, b. 
Scotland, 17.t5 ; d. Prospect Pen, St. Andrews, 
Jamaica, July, 1838, At 16, he emigrated to 
Charlesion, S.C, and was apprenticed to Rol> 
ert Wells, printer. He left the country at the 
Revol., and settled in Jamaica, where he estab- 
lished the .lamaica Mcic:m/, afterward the 
Roi/al Gazette. He was many years a member 
of the House of Assembly, and printer to that 
body and to the king. In 179.5, he sailed for 
Great Britain, but was captured on the )>as- 
sage, and compelled to ransom his property. — 
Sabine. 

Aillebout, Louis d', gov. of Canada 
1647-.il ; d. Quebec, 1660. He came to Cana- 
da with colonists for the Island of Jlontreal ; 
administered its government in the absence of 
Maisonneuve ; was afterward gov. of Three 
Rivers, and, while gov. of Canada, endeavored, 
unsnccessfnlly, to form a combination with the 
N.-Knghind governors to stop the encroach- 
ments of the lrm|uois. — Morii'in. 

Ainslie, Hew, poet, b. IJangeny Mains, 
Carrick District, Ayrshire, Scotland, Apr. 5, 
1792. He received a good education, and in 
his 17th year went to Glasgow to study law, 
but, disliking the pursuit, obtained a situation in 
the Rc'.'ister House, Edinburgh, ]passing some 
of his time at Kinniel House, as the amanuen- 
sis of Dul^ald Stewart, and left it in 1822 to 
emigrate to the U. S. He landed at N.Y. City 



July 26, and purchased a small farm in Hoosic, 
N.Y. In 1825, he removed to the West, tried 
New Harmony one year, and. finding it a fail- 
ure, settled down as a brewer at Shippingport, 
Ky. In 1829, he built a brewery in Louisville, 
which was ruined by an inundation of the Ohio 
in 1832. Another in New Albany, Ind., was 
destroyed by fire in 1834. He has since era- 
ployed himself in superintending the erection 
of breweries, mills, and distilleries, at the 
West, and is a resident of Louisville, Ky. 
On the eve of his departure from Scotland, 
Ainslie pub. "A Pilgrimage to the Land of 
Burns," a volume of notes interspersed with 
numerous songs and ballads suggested by a 
visit to his early home in Ayrshire. These, 
with his other songs, ballads, and poems, 
which originally appeared in various maga- 
zines, Here pull, in 1855. — Ihii/ckinck. 

Ainsworth, L.vhax, minister of Jaffrey, 
N.H., Ir. Wuu.Utock. Ct.,Julvl9, 1757; d. Jaf- 
frey, NIL, Mar. 17, 1858. IJartm. Coll. 1778. 
Son of Capt. Wm. Ainsworth. Ord. first 
pastor of the church at Jaffrey, Dec. 10, 1782, 
he continued 49 years without a colleague, 
and was pastor over the same people 76 years. 
He retained his bodily and mental powers so 
as to participate at the public services at the 
church, celebrating his 100th birthday. 

Aitken, Robert, printer and bookseller, 
b. Scotland, 1734; d. Phila , July, 1802. He 
came to Phila. in 1769 ; pub. the Pertiisylrania 
Maiiazlne,or Amei'ican Muutlilij Museum, from 
Jan. 1775 to June, 1776, with Hopkinson and 
Witberspoon for contributors, and, for his at- 
tachment to the cause of liberty, was thrown 
into prison in 1777, and narrowlyeseaped a resi- 
dence in the prison-ships of N. Y. In 1782, 
he pub. the first American edition of the 
Bible, by which be was pecuniarily a loser. 
He is the supposed author of "An Inquiry 
concerning the Principles of a Commercial 
System for the U.S.," 1787. 

Akerly, S.imuel, M. D., phvsician, b. 
1785; d. Staten Island, July 6, l"845. Col. 
Coll. 1804. He studied medicine with his bro.- 
in-law, S. L. Mitchell. Besides being a large 
contributor to medical and scientific journals, 
he was a founder and most efficient supporter 
of the institutions for the deaf and dumb, and 
for the blind. Author of " Essay on the Geol- 
ogy of the Hudson River," 1820 ; " Observa- 
tions on Deafness," 1821. 

Akerman, Amos T., U.S.. attv.-gen., app. 
Jan. 15,1870, b. N.H. 1819; adm. to the bar m 
1841; removed to Elberton, Ga. in 1850; U.S. 
atty. for Georgia, 1866-70. 

Akers, Benjamin Paul, sculptor, h. Sac- 
arappa, .Me., July 10, 1825 ; d. Phila., May 21, 
1861. At 18 he went to Portland, where he 
wurked in a printing-office; but the sight of 
Chantrey's statue of Washington in the State 
House, Buston, led him to become a sculptor. 
In 1849, be opened a studio in Portland, and 
modelled busts of Longfellow, and others. In 
1851-2, he visited Italy, and, on returning to 
Portland, modelled a statue of " Benjamin in 
Egypt," which was exhibited at the N.Y. 
Crystal Palace in 1853. During a subsequent 
visit to Washington, he produced busts of 
Judge McLean, Edward Everett, Gerrit Smith, 



and Sam Uouston In Jan. 1855, he RL-nin 
u^. ted iMi rope-, residing two vears in Uoinc 
where he prodneed his •' Una and the Li?,n •'' 

Demi 1 earl-Divcr," and an ideal head of 
All tun. MS last. ,,„., p,.,|ni,,s his best produe- 
lion in Home In 1859, he revisited Ifomc 
vherc he modelled a statue of Com. M. C 
I crry (or the N.V. Central Park. 0„ return- 
ing to America in 18(10, ho estuhlished liiniscif 
Its ... Portland, and then in I'hila., where he 
<l.od of consumption. He executed about .10 
portrait busts and .statues, besides some inar- 
lie copies liom the antique. He eontiih 
papers on art and artists to 'the A,l<n„ic Month. 
o i,! -r"';: '•'"■''''«■'' Akers, has contrib. 
to J, ven.le Ineratnic under the p.seudoiivm 

was, r""';; ^"''^■' '^ "'■• °fl'«-T poems 
was pub. Ill lioston in tsiJG. 

s.at^^,'?*Y (i-iii-'iii"'). Dun I.dcas, Mexican 
staiismaii b. m the .State of Guana.xuato ; d. 

Coll 'o7 I Z- '^' 'f •■'• ^''''"'^"'"' "' »'« 
Coll. 01 I.a Mmeiva, he entered the Mexican 

a .,,, sooi, a.icr the ba-akin^.-out of tlicM"; 

it.ii.i oles.sion lor that of the law, he devoted 
h.uiscll a.ssid»ousl.v to politics. After the le 
l-uion of Itnrbide, Alaman became minister 
ot to.eijjii aihuis; rctiriiif; on the return of 
e lornar in 18i4. He the,, visited Kuripc • 
bu upon the overthrow of Guerrero i„ iTc.' 

s,i,m',I ,1 f '""'"""•' of Rustamente, he re- 
sumed Ins former office. Out of a s ate of 
the {.neatest confusion, under his hands the 
eountiy soon emer;;ed to a settled and ord'c Iv 
eo„d.i,oii ; and, duiiiij; the years 1830-31 A a^ 

.'„;.';■■'" ■■""■'"/"-'O-. enoocn-ased iiulus- 

'e , o *■"■ '";•'' r'"''"^''"' " '"'"'' '■"■■ 

iilattures. Santa Ana, however, believinir 
Ah.man ,o be interfering with his plans suc^ 
ceeded in dr ving him from public' i i ' He 
reappeared in 1837 upon the 'return of Husta- 
mcntc o power; and afterwar.ls U-canie recon- 
ciled with Santa Ana, who. Mar. 17 is'j on 
iiKain cmning ,nto power, conferred on him'tho 
office of iiiiiiister for foreign affairs. 

L-ai^i^^?";.'!'^-'"''*'"'" "■'■ " »!"""»'' "«vi- 
^m n e, ; ' •""^'-■!";"-V. to whom' wo owe the 
sail .,l' M „ K".""'^'.'k« of Calilbrnia. He 
sailed May 9, 154O, in the service of Spain 

do on'tL:"":''''"" "'"' 'K"''^"'''- "f C?-'"»"- 
turning to New Sjiain in 1541, drew ui his 
...apsaml „bserva,io.is. His di'scov^ries^and 
most o Llloa were so complete, that the map 

ii;inr\.wir ''''*^"""'"'^"-^- 

dofifr^n.?.^! M^ndoza (U-lar-kon e m«n- 
Sn. Ir ; "^ '^''"- ■"•■' " celebrated 

t.pan>,,h.A„icr,cau p,)ot, b. 01 a noble family 
a Tashco, Me.x. ab. IGOO. He was employed 

lor del ,ral rn„s..jo ,le lax /,«//,,«. At a eel •brat 
fjeleiu Madrid in 1«34, ho was a compe N 
tor «n3 bore off the prize, for a dramatk c^om- 
position A writer in ,ho A',m,v//e Bia/ra,Me 
Zmnrsellr (Ferd. Denis) calls him •• Thi'Jcl,. 
est poet that America has vet produced." His 
coDoedies were pub. Madrid 1628; a gecond 



vol. it. Barcelona, 1634. .Some of his piece* 

Aloott, Ajuos Bkonso.v, teacher and 
^.h, losopher. b. Woleott, Ct.. Nov. 2a.^ "9"9"^ 
While a oy, he was a vender of morel andise 
... a small way among the plant,, tfo. of Va 
On his retuiii to Ct., he taught .m infat, 
schoo ; removed to Boston in I.. 28, a,," ac 
quired reputation as a teacher of young ehil- 
dren at the Masonic Temple, fsi- '■ Uco j 

and to various questions of reform i.i cdii™ 
T'^'f <='"' ""^ --"' institution". On Ms 
return from Kng. in 1842, he biought w th 

«.'.d h" "J ''^^"«"'^'> fr-'"''^. Chai^iis Co 
"nd II. y. Wright; and Mr. Lane Imvin-r 

It he'v'T ™"r'," ^'•-■'"■">»." at IWva'rd! 

muiiitj. Messrs. Uiie and Wright soon re- 

o""d Mr'-'^fr-o^ ' "" "J-''^'"'" ^"""'""'■ 
1." led !hn'M r """"''"^ '° Boston, and 
oiv.^-;,^ • ''•"'^'' l""-'P«t--''ic pMlosopher, 
oiiversing m cities and in villagt^, whenevei 

lie attaches great importance to diet aii.l l-ov- 
cr.imcntof the body, and to ra,e ami "01. idex 
■on. An.lior of "Tab,,,,,.. p„b."i„ ISGsti 

2 ^ols .". '""r' "■'"' ^ '."''■"^■" "" ""= t^"«l«-'fs"" 
^ vols.. 18.ib. Louis.v Mav Alcott his .bm 
js the author of "Liitle \Vomen,'"'Tl e oid- 
.^l..o,,e,| Ctrl, '-Moods,'; - Ho'spita,' '^^I'l 
••lXuL-' ^""'•'-■' Scrap Bag." and 
Alcott, Wm. Alex., M.D., physician and 
autlior cousin of A. B. Aleott, b.' V^o co, C 
A.,g. 6 ,798; d. Auburndale, Ms , M„'r'. 29.' 
18..9. Ldiicated at a district school he sniJ 
ported himself until 25 by farmin^a/.d ;: -t 
"iig. Ills health being poor, he studied niedi 
•.ne at \ale Med. School., pmctiscd ,li c „ 
e;v years and in 1832 engaged with W Hi „" 
A\ oodbridgc in preparing scIiooI-.-oult-i s 

and The Juvenile Ifnmbler." He wioie unon 
^,00 rcforn,s in the Hartford and NHr" 

'.o,iMr,i(ii„n of Sclioolhouses." Abindnn 
..^animal food and all drinks bnt ^m r ."n 

.life to Boston in June, 18.33, he eniri-cd in 
y«riou.s reforms in morals, educitioii ,t "j ,fv 
col training, having for his object he u le ven 
tion of vice, disease, and pover v ad t^ e di' 
seiiiination of physiological know le Ho 
ecturcd in dKR.rent parts of the couiit'rv He 
pub. above 100 works, among then "Voun^ 
Man's Guide;" '• The Hoifse I Live li ^ 
• Youup W o,nan's Guide ; " " You il- House- 
"m':" i I ;■ ^-'^"ry "f Health?' ''c vols 

:B^^l:e!'"i..d:fe--^: 



Ai,D 



13 



AT4T) 



of Mrs. M. A. 0. Clark," 1837; and "Hist. 
Skotch of Ms. Med. Soc," 18.38. 

Alden, Ich.vbod, col. Rtvol. armv, b. Dhx- 
biMV, .\l.-*., Aug. 11, 1739; d. Nov.'lO, 1778. 
Ili/liuh.r, Capt. Samuel (d. 1781, n. 92), was 
graniNon of John, one of the original settlers 
of I'lvmouth. Ichabod was lieut.-col. of the 
Plymouth regt. before the Revol., lieut.-col. of 
L. lialdwin's regt. at the siege of Boston, and 
col. 7ili Mass. regt. until slain by the Indians 
at Cherry Valley. 

Alden, James, rcar-adniiral U. S. N., b. 
Poril.ind, Me., Mar. 31, 1810. Midshipman 
Apr. I, 1828; lieut. Feb. 2.'), 1841 ; commander, 
Sept. 14, IS.ij ; capt. Jan. 2, 1863 ; commodore, 
July 23, 1866. Aitaclied to Wilkes's exploring 
e.\ped. in 1839-42. During the Mexican war 
was at Vera Cruz, Tuspan, and Tobaseo ; com. 
steamer " South Carolina" early in 18G1 ; re- 
enforced l'"ort I'iekens; attacked the batteries in 
the rear of Galveston, and captured 13 schoon- 
ers laden with meridiandise ; com. steam-sloop 
"Iviehrnond " at the passage of Forts Jackson 
and St. Philip and capture of N. Orleans ; at 
the passage of the Vieksburg batteries twice ; 
at Port Hudson, 1862-3; com. steam-sloop 
" Brooklyn " in the action with Forts .Morgan 
and (iainesand rebel gunlmats in Mobile Bay ; 
and in the two attacks on Fort Fisher. He took 
part in nearly all the great naval battles of the 
war, and was honorably mentioned in the offi- 
cial reports. Apj). in Apr. 1869 chief of the bu- 
reau of navigation, rear adm. July 1871. 

Alden, John, Pilgrim, b. England, 1599 ; 
d. Uuxbury, Ms., Sept. 12, 1687. He was hired 
as a cooper at Southam|iton, where " The 
Mayflower" victualed, sign-;d the compact in 
her cabin in 1620, and ab. 1621 in. Priseilla 
Mullens. He was many years an assist, to the 
governor; and by his wisdom, integrity, and 
deci>i(>ii attaiTied a commaniling intluenco over 
bia a->o(iates, although the youngest of the 
Pil-rims. 

Alden, Josi.;fu. D.I). (Un. Coll. 1838), 
LL I). (Coll. Col. 1857), b. Cairo, N.Y., Jan. 
4, 18(17. Un. Coll. 1829. He studied 2 years 
at the Princeton Sem. ; was 2 years tutor in 
Princeton Coll. Ord. pastor at Williamstown, 
Ms., July 3, 1834; prof, in Williams Coll. 
from Aug. 1835 to 1852; prof, of moral pldlos. 
in Lafayette Coll., Pa. 1852-7 ; pres. of Jeffer- 
son Coll., Pa., 1857-67; and, since 1867, pres. 
of the N.Y. State Normal School. Author of 
numerous Sabb.-school hooks, " Elements of 
Intell. Philos.," " Science of Government in 
Coiineciion with American Institutions," and 
" Christian Ethics." At one time editor, and 
long a contributor to the N. Y. Observer. — At- 
dm Memorial. 

Alden, HoOEn, m.TJ. Revol. army, b. Leb- 
anon, Ct., 1748; d. West Point, Nov. 5, 1836. 
Y. C. 1773. Some time aide to Gen. Greene ; 
agent of the Holland Land Co., residing at 
Meadville, Pa., from 1795 to 1825; ordnance 
storckecpier at West Point from Jan. 20, 1825, 
till his death. 

Alden, TiMOTHV, D.D., Cong, clergyman 
andeiluealor, b. Yarmouth, Ms., Aug. 28, 1771; 
d. Pittsburg, Pa., Julys, 1839. II. U. 1794. 
Son of Ucv. Timothy of Yarmouth (H. U. 
1762 ; d. Nov. 13, 1828). lie was from Nov. 20, 



1799, to Aug. 11, 1805, minister of Ports- 
mouth, N.H., where he taught school from 
1800 to 1808, and in 1810-17 taught in the 
acad. at Newark, N.J. Removing to N.Y., he 
prepared and pub. his collection of Epitaphs 
in 5 vols. 1814, and while teaching in Bos- 
ton, in 1808-10, made the valuable Catalogue 
of the Li!,rary of the N. Y. Hist. Society. He 
next removed to Meadville, Pa., where he 
founded Alleghany (^oll , of which he was first 
pres. (inaug. July 28, 1817), an<l for which he 
collected a valuable library. Want of patron- 
tv'a caused his withdrawal from the college 
Nov. 11, 1831 ; and he resumed educational 
labors in Cincinnati in 1832, and in 1834 took 
charge of an acad. at East Liberty, near Pitts- 
burg, Pa. He pub. " An Account of Sundry 
Missions among the Senccas," N.Y. 12nio, 
1827; "New-Jer.5e^ Register," I8U and 1812; 
Atkrihany Magazine, 1816; "History of the 
Pine-Creek Ch.," 1839. During the year be- 
fore his death, he preached as stated supply 
to the people in Sharpshurg. — iSpragues Al- 
den Mfmornd. 

Alden, Timothy, inventor of a machine 
for setting and distributing type, b. Barnsta- 
ble, Ms., 1819; d. N.Y., Dec. 4, .1858. Ho 
was 6th in descent from John Alden, the 
Mayflower Pilgrim. When very young, and 
a compositor in his bro.'s printiugoHice, he 
said, " If I live, I will invent a niachitie to do 
this tiresome work." He steadily pursued this 
object, and after 20 years' labor accomplished 
it. It was improved after his death by Henry 
W. Alden. 

Aldrich, Jambs, poet, b. near the Hud- 
son, Suftblk Co., N.Y., 1810; d. N.Y., Oct. 
1856. Educated partly in Orange Co., and 
partly in N.Y. City. In 1836 he quitted mer- 
cantile for literary pursuits. He edited sev- 
eral popular ])eriodicals, and in 1840 estab- 
lished the Lileran/ Gazelle, in ivhieh first 
appeared many of the poems which established 
his reputation. One of these, "A Death-Bed 
Scene," is familiar to most readers. He sub- 
sequently engaged again in business under the 
style of Aldrich & Barton. — See Sjiedmcns of 
his poetry in Griswokl's "Poets ana Poetry of 
America.** 

Aldrich, Thomas Bailey, poet, b. Ports- 
mouth, N.ll., Nov. 11, 1836. He passed hia 
youth in La. ; was 3 years in a connting-house 
in N. Y. ; then became " reader " for a large 
publishing-house; and was after\yard a writer 
ibr the N. Y. Evening Mirror, and an editor 
on Tlie Home Journal, and Saturday Press. 
He hascontrib. manv poems ami i)rose sketches 
to Putnam's Monthly, The Knidrrborbr, Harp- 
er's Mon'bly, a;id the .Ittunii'. Hi.i writings have 
been reprinted in Lond. He pub. " The Bells," 
1854 ; " Daisy's Necklace," 1856 ; " The Ballad 
of Baby Bcll,'and other Poems ; " " The Course 
of True Love," &e , 1858; "Painpinea, and 
other Poems," 1861 ; " Out of bis Head," a. 
prose romance, 1802; "Poems," 18C3 and 
1865; "The Story of a Bad Boy," 1869.— 
Duyrkinck. 

Aldridge, Ira, a mulatto actor of merit, 
b. at Bellair near Bait., Md., 1804; d. Lodz, 
Polonia, Aug. 7, 1867. Entering in 1826 the 
service of Edmund Kean, he is said to have 



accom|innicd him to Eng., where he stud- 
ied for tlio sfagc. Ho subsequently made an 
unsuccessful attempt at the Mud Theatre, 
Bait., but shortly afterwards returned to Kn;;! 
He made his Mut at the Kovalty Theatre! 
Lond., as Othello; met with striking success 
at once; and though, in Eng., ho was pre- 
ferred in such plays as " Othello," " Merchant of 
yenice,"_"Zanga," "Orozemba," "Pizarro," 
" Hugo," &c., he was generally regarded as 
one of the ablest and most faithful interpret- 
ers of Shakspearo's l)est characters. He first 
appeared at Covent Garden Theatre, Apr 10 
18.1.3, as Othello. At Belfast, Ireland, he played 
Othello to Kean's lago, and also Orozeniba to 
his Alboin. Upon the Continent, where he 
performed in the principal cities, he received 
tokens of high approbation. The King of 
Prussia wrote him an autograph-letter accom- 
panying the first-class medal of art and sci- 
ence. The Emperor of Austria conferred 
on liim the grand cross of Leopold ; and at 
Berne he received the medal of merit in the 
shape of a magnificent Maltese cross. His 
Wife was a white woman. 

Alemany, Josei'h Sadoc, C.S.D. R C 
archbishop of California, consec. bishop of 
Monterey, June 30, 1850; made arehb'p. July 
29, ls.-,r). '^ ■' 

Alexander, Abraham, chairman of the 
famous Mecklenburg Convention in May 
1773; d. near Charlotte, N.C., Apr. 23, 1786 
a. G3. He was a magistrate of Mceklenb. Co.' 
and represented it in the colonial legisl. 

Alexander, Archidai.d, d.d. (X.j. 

Coll. 1810), I'rcsbyterian divine, b. Rockbrid-e 
Co., Va., Apr. 17,1772; d. Princeton, N.J., 
Oct. 22, I8.-)1. His grandfather, Archibald, 
came from Ireland to Pa. in 1 736, removing 
ab. 1738 to Va. At the age of 10, he was 
sent to the acad. of Rev. Wm. Graham at 
limber Kidge meeting-house. At the age of 
17, he became tutorin the family of Gen. John 
Posey. He studied theology;" was licensed 
Oct. 1, 1791 ; and was for seven years an itin- 
erant missionary in his native State. Succeed- 
ing Dr. Smith in the presidency of Hampden 
Sidney Coll. in 1796, he resigneil that, and 
also his pastoral charge, in 1801. In 1802. he 
m. .lanetta, dau. of the celebrated blind 
preacher, Dr. Waddel, and resumerl his former 
position at Hampden Sid. Coll., but, ow- 
ing to the insubordination of the students 
accepted a call from the Pine-st. Church' 
Phila., where he was installed pastor iMav 
20, 1807. From 1811 to his death, he was 
prof, of the theological semiirv at Prince- 
"i"A,. ■^"''""' °^ " t>utlines of the Evidences 
of Christianity," 1823 ; " Treatise on the Can- 
on of the Old and New Testament," 1826- 
■Lives of tlie Patriarchs," 183.^ ; " Essays on 
Religions E.xperience." 1840; "History of 
African Colonization," 1846; " History of the 
Log College," 1846; "Advice to a "Young 
Christian ; ' •■ Bible Dictionary ; " ■• Counsels 
ot the Aged to the Young,"" 18-13 ; "Brief 
Compendium of Bible Truth ; " " History of 
the Israelitish Nation," in 1852; "MorafSci- 
eiice," 1832; a Memoir of his old instructor, 
Mr. Graham ; a " History of the Presbyterian 
Church m \a.;' and biographical sketches 



of distingnished American clergymen and 
alumni of the college of N.J. He also con- 
tributed to the .fi,Wica/ Uepertoni and other 
periodicals, and left a number of works in 
manuscript. (.sV« his lif^ by /,is son. Or.' J. 
n . Mx,„„!er y. Y., 1834.) — Spmmie. 

Alexander, Barton Sto.ne, brcv. brig, 
gen. U.S.A., b. Ky. 1819. West Point, 1842 
2d lieut. Eng. Coqis Sept. 30, 1813; capt. 
July 1,1856; brev. niaj. July 21, 1861, for Bull 
Ktm ; brev. Iieut -col. May 4, 1862, forsiegc of 
lorktown; maj. Eng. Corps Mar. 3, 1863- 
Iieut.-col. Mar. 7, 1867 ; brev. brig.-g. n. Mar. 
13, 1865, for merit, services in the Rebellion. 
He has been much engaged in the construction 
and repairs of forts, and in ihe erection of Mi- 
not's Ledge Lighthouse, 1855-61 ; was a.d.c 
rank of Iieut.-col., on the start' in Va. during the 
Rebellion, and was consulting eng'r in Sheri- 
dan's army, Shenandoah Valley, Va., and 
present at the battle of Cedar Creek Oct 9 
1864. — Cii'hwi. 

Alexander, Caleb, D.D., clergyman and 
scholar, b. Northlield, Ms., 22 July, 1755; d. 
Onondaga, N.Y., April 12, 1828. Y. Coll! 
1777. Minister of New Marlboro' 1781-2, and 
of Mendon from Apr. 12, 1786, to Dec. 7 
1802. Not succeeding in the attempt to es- 
tablish a college at Kairfield. N.Y., he took 
charge of an acad. at Onondaga. He pub. 
Latin and English grammars ; an " Essay 
on the Deity of Christ," 1 796 ; " Grammar Ele- 
ments ; a translation o( Virgil into literal 
Lnghsh prose, Worcester, 1796; "Columbian 
Dictionary, 1800; Arithmetic, 1802, and 
' ioung Ladies' and Gentlemen's Instruc- 
tor. — ^'yproffue. 

Alexander, Edmund B., col. U. S A 
b Va. ab. 1802. West I'oint, 1823. Asst. Q - 
M., rank of capt., 6 Dec. 1833 ; capt. 3d Infy. 
July 7, 1838; com. his rcgt. in Mexico in 
1847 ; maj. 8th Infy. Nov. 10, I85I ; coL 10th 
Iiify. Mar. 3, 1855. Brev. for Cerro Gordo, 
Contreras, and Churubusco. In the spring of 
1863, he was ordered to St. Louis as acting- 
asst. provo.-marshal-gen. Brev. brijr.-aen. Oct 
18, 1865. Retired Feb. 22, 1869. 

Alexander, James, sec. of the province 
of N.^_., b. Scotland; d. N.Y. Apr. 2, 1756. 
In 1715, became to America in consequence of 
the part be had taken in favor of the Pretender 
accompanied by Wm. Smith, aftenvard chief- 
justicc of N.Y. He was the first recorder of 
1 erih Araboy in 1718, but, having sened as an 
ofiicer of engineers in Scotland, was made sur- 
veyor-gen. of N.J. and N.Y. He devoted his 
leisure to the study of the law, in which he at- 
tained eminence; was many years a inemhcrof 
the legisl. anil council ; was deputv-elerk of 
the council in 1719, attorney -gen. i'n 1721-3 
naval officer 1723-33 ; was a particular friend 
of Gov. Burnet, and by his industry and abil- 
ities acquired great wealth. One of the coun- 
sel for Zenu'cr, the printer, he was arbitrarily 
excluded from the bar on that account in 173.5, 
but, on a change of adniinistiation, was re- 
stored in 1737. A stanch advocate of liberal 
principles, he lost his lile by repairing to Al- 
bany while surtbring from severe illness, to op- 
pose a ministerial project oppressive to tlie 
colony. He, with Franklm and others, founded 



AX,K 



15 



AJJEl 



tlie Amer. PhiIosoi)hical Society. He was the 
luthcr of Wm. Alexaniier, commonly known 
as Lonl Stirling;, and presumptive heir to the 
eaiMniii nl Siirlins 

Alexander, Jamks Waddell, D.D., an 

oIi)i|iuiit I'rt'jii. clcrfjvman anj author, b. near 
Gordonsviile, Loui.va'Co., Va., Mar. 1.3, 1804; 
(1 at the Va. Sprin-s, July .31, 1S39. N.J. 
Coll. lS-20. Eldest son of Ur. Archibald. Tu- 
tor in N.J. Coll. in IS24. He was a minister 
in Charlotte Co., Va., from 1825 to 1827; in 
Trenton, N.J., from 1829 to 1832, and of the 
l)uanc-st. Church, N.Y. City, from 1844 to 
I Sal, when he was elected pastor of the Fifth- 
ave. Church Kditor of tlie Presbi/terian news- 
paper pub. in Phila. from 183U to 1833 ; prof, 
of rhetoric and belles-lettres in N J. Coll. in 
1833-44; and from 1849 to 1851 prof, of 
ecclesiastical history and church government 
in the theological sem. at Princeton. The 
decree of D.D was conferred on him bv La- 
fayette Coll. Pa., in 1843, and by H. "Coll. 
in 1854. He pub. a vol. of sermons entitled 
" Consolation; " "Thoughts on i'.amily Wor- 
ship ;" " The Araer. Mechanic and Working- 
man ;" a l)io;.'ra))hy of his father, Dr. Archibald 
Alexander; " Discourses on Christian Paich 
and Practii e," 1858 ; a vol. of " Sacramental 
Discourses," and " Gift to the Alflictcd ; " 
"Geography of the Bible," 1830; "Plain 
Words to a Young Communicant," 12mo; 
" Amer. Sunilay School and its Adjunctll" 
Phila., 18.'i6; numerous contributions to the Bii- 
liral /!ei>riiori/ and Princeton Reoiew, and some 
of the publications of the American Tract 
Society. He wrote for the Lilerur;/ World 
under the signature of " Caesariensis." After 
his death, 2 vols, of his letters were pub. by 
Dr. Hall of Trenton. 

Alexander, Jons Henrt, chemist and 
physicist, b. Annapolis, Md., 1812; d. Balti- 
more, Mar. 2, 18G7. In 1850, he pub. a " Uni- 
versal Dictionary of Weights and Measures," 
of standard authority. In 1857, he was com- 
missioner to England on international coin- 
age, and, in the summer of 18C6, was app. 
by Pris. Johnson a commissioner to the 
Paris Exhibition, but was taken fatally ill just 
before he was ab. to set sail. He had held 
many positions of honor and trust, and was 
learned on the subject of weiL.'hts and meas- 
ures and coins. Author of " Treatise on Math- 
ematical Instruments," &c., 8vo, 1835; " Treat- 
ise on Levelling by F. W. Simms, with large 
additions," 8vo, 1838; "Contributions to the 
History of the Metallurgy of Iron," 1840; 
" Introits, or Ante-Communion Psalms," I2mo, 
1S44 ; " Reports on Standards of Weights and 
Aieasure- for Md.," 8vo, 1846 ; " Catena Domi- 
nica," I'hila. l2mo, " Reports on the new Map 
of Md." 1838-40; "International Coinage, 
8vo, O.Nford, 1857. Various papers by him 
are in the siicntilie journals of Europe and the 
U.S. A memoir by Wm. Pinkney, read before 
the Md. Hist. Society, was pub. Baltimore, 
8vo, lSf.7. 

Alexander, Joseph Addisos, D.D., a 

IcarJicd divine and author, b. Phila. Apr. 24, 
1809 ; d. Princeioii, N.J., Jan. 28, 18G0. N J. 
Coll. 1826. Son of Dr. Archibald. From 
1830 to 1833, he was adjunct prof, of aueienc 



languages and literature in his alma mater, 
and was prof, of biblical criticism and ecclesi- 
astical history at Princeton Theol. Sem. from 
1838 to 1852, when he was transferred to the 
chair of biblical and ecclesiastical history, 
which he held till his death. He received the 
degree of D.D. from Marshall Coll., Pa. His 
works are " A Translation of and Commen- 
tary on the Psalms," 3 vols. ; " A Critical 
Commentary on the Prophecies of Isaiah," 
and an abriilgment of the same; a vol. on 
primitive church government, and numerous 
essays in the Bibliciil liiypertori/ and Princeton 
lieview. He subsequently aided Dr. Hodge in 
preparing a commentary on the New Testa- 
ment. He was an excellent linguist. — See a 
memoir hi) H. C Alexander, 1869. 

Alexander, Dr. Nathaniel, gov. of N. 
C. 1805-7, b. Mecklenburg, 1756; d. Salis- 
bury, Mar. 8, 1808. Princeton Coll. 1776. 
He served in the Revol. army, and afterward 
practised medicine at the High Hills of Santee 
and Mecklenburg. He was several years a 
member of the legisl. andM.C. 180.3-5. 

Alexander, Stephek, LL.D. (Col. Coll. 
1852), astronomer, b. Schenectadv, N.Y., Sept. 
1, 1806. Uu. Coll. 1824; Princeton Thcol. 
Sem. 1832. Tutor in N.J. Coll. in 1833, ad- 
junct prof, of mathematics from 1834 to 1840, 
prof, of astronomy from 1840 to 1845, of 
mathematics from 1845 to 1854. He has since 
that period held the professorship of mechan- 
ics and astronomy. Author of many scien- 
tific papers, some of which have been trans- 
lated and pub. in Euro|)e. Among them is 
one on the " Physical Phenomena attendant 
upon Solar Eclipses," one on " The Funda- 
mental Principles of Mathematics," one on 
"The Origin of the Forms and the Present Con- 
dition of some of the Clusters of Stars," on 
" The Form and Equatorial Diameter of the 
Asteroid Planet," .ind also on the " Harmo- 
nies in the arrangement of the Solar System." 
In 1860, he led an exped. to the coast of Lab- 
rador to observe the solar eclipse of July 18. 

Alexander, William, fii-st earl of Stir- 
ling, created earl in 1633, b. 1580; d. Lond., 
Feb. 1640. Through the friendship of Sir Fer- 
dinando Gorges, Sir Wm. received, Sept. 10, 
1621, a patent, embracing the whole territory 
of Acadia, which was confirmed to him and his 
heirs by King James, and erected into a pala- 
tinate to be holden as a fief of the crown of 
Scotland. It resulted, however, only in losses 
and disappointments. He was knighted in 
1613. Charles I. founded the order of Nova- 
Scotia baronets in Scotland to further the 
settlement. Sir Wm. was subsequently made 
sec. of State for Scotland, and created 
Viscount Canada. He was a |)oet of some 
merit. His uncle, John Alexander, was the 
ancestor of Lord Stirling of the Rcvol. army. 
He developed his colonization scheme in a 
pamphlet, " An Encouragement to Colonies," 
1625 ; " The Jlap and Delineation of N. Eng- 
land," &c., 1630. 

Alexander, William, " Lord Stiriing," 
maj.-gen. Hevol. array, b. N.Y. City, 1726; d. 
Albany, 15 Jan. 1783. Son of Sec. James 
Alexander. He received the best education 
the country atlorded ; became the partner in 



AluE 16 



AXJLi 



business of his mother, the widow of David 
Provost; joined the commissariiii of the British 
army, and, atlractinf; the iioiieeof Gov. Shirley 
was for three years his aidede eamp and pri- 
vate sec. Aecompanyint' Shirley to Khl'. 
HI l,jj, he was examined before the ijoiise 
of Comn.ons in 1737, and eommeneed the 
pro^rution ol his elaim to the earldom of 
iStuliii;;, in which he was iiiisueeessfiil. Soon 
alter his return in 1701, he m. the dau. of 
1 hdip J,ivin;,'aton. He succeeded his father 
as siirveyoi.>;en., and, until the Kcvol., was a 
member of the piov. council. A prominent 
patriot, he was app. a col. in 1775, and Mar. 
17,6, was eomniis. bii(j.-Ken. by Congress. 
^Vheii C.en. Lee left for the South, Stiilini: 
was left in command at N.Y. His bravery 
was conspicuous at tlic battle of Long Island 
ji/ Aug. 1,,6, and he was made prisoner' 
but jvas soon exchanged. Aliij..geu. Feb' 
nil. Disling. at Brandywine and at Gcr- 
maiitown, where he com. the reserve At 
Monmouth, he com. the left wing, and so 
aisjioscd his command as to aid in the success 
of the day In 1781, ho took command at 
Albany, lie aided in founding a library for 
his native city in 175.1, and in the fonndiii-of 
King s now Col. Coll. I]is youngest dau°m. 

tie Comet 01 June and .July, 1770," in Am. 
ShM "■ n-a""^ "The Conduct of Maj.-Gen. 
Shirley Br.eflv Stated." He was convivial in 
his habits, and dignified in his appearance, and 
displayed considerable scientific attainments, 
-^ee /,,/. of Lord Stirling hy his ijrandson, 
» m A. buer, m N.J. JJIsl. Coll. 
Alexander, Wili.i.im, of the U. of Penn. 

."I'T "', .'I'V"'";:;".^^''"'^''" ""^ ^'"^'^h of 

Ills lilc. Ihila., 1847. 

Alforti, Jcju.N. founder of the professor- 
ship ol iiaiural religion, moral philosophy, and 
civil polity m Haivaid Coll., b. 1G8G: d 
Uiarlestown, Ms., Sept. 29, 1761. He had 
been a member of the colonial councU. His 
executors divided his bcAucst for " charitable 
uses equally between llarvard Coll., Prince- 
ton Coll and the Society lor the Propagation 
pt the Gospel among the Indians. To the 
latter SIo,075 was paid in 1 787. 

Alger, CvRus, iron-lbunder, b. W. Bridire- 
wntcr, Ms., 1 782 ; d. Feb. 4, 1856. He com- 
menced early in life the business of an iron- 
ounder at^ Easton, but in 1809 established 
himself 111 South Boston ; made many impiove- 
nients in the art of casting, and was partic- 
ularly eelcbratcd lor the excellent cannon 
which were made at his establishment. He 



was nromineiit in various projects beneficial to 
feouth Boston. He was liberal and charitable 
w-as a member of the city council the first vear 
?82'-* "'■'''''"""""'"> S'"* alderman in 1 824 and 

Alger, Rkv. HoBATio.jun., author, b. N. 
C hel.,ea Ms ,Jaii. 1.1, 1S34. H. U. 1852; Camb. 
I heol. School 18G0. From 18.52 to 1857 ho 
was a teacher, and wrote for the Boston and 
N.V. press. In 18G1, he made a Kuropcan 
tour, trom 1861 to 1864. he was a private 
tutor at Cambridge. Dec. 8, 1864, lie was 
ord. oyer a Lnitarian Church at Brewster. Ms. 
Ue pub. •' Berthas Christmas Vision " 1855 • 



" Nothing to Do, a Tilt at our Best Society " 
a poem, 18.57; "Frank's Campaign; or, 
r,'""",V>? i'"" ^0'" '8«+; " i'""' I'reston's 
unargc, 1865; and has contributed a number 

k,th"^'"^ "* '^"'T^'''' "'^'■% and other pcriod- 

Alger, William Rocnseville. clerirv- 
man and author, b. Freetown, JIs., Dec. 30 
1822. Camb. Theol. School, 1847. In that 
year he became minister of a Unitarian society 
at Koxbury and in 1855 exchanged lor a similar 
Charge in Boston. He now preaches at the 
Music Hall Boston. He pub. "A Symbolic 
History of the Cross of Christ," 1851 '• " The 
1 oetry of the Last," 1856. His chief work is 
A Critical History of the Doctrines of a 
J-uiureLije with a Complete Bibliography 
of the Subject, by E?.m Abbot, 1864 'lie 
also edited with an introduction, in 1858 
Studiesof Christianity by James JIartineau '' 
Comrib. to the Clirlsllan 'Ejrumliier and other 
Jicriudicals. — Diiyrklnck. 

Alison, Francis, D D., Presb. divine 
V'L A ^V/; ^- i''"'' J'o"a'«l Co., Ireland, 
1-05 ; d Phila. Nov. 28, 1779. V. of Glas- 
Kow. He came to America in 17.-J5; was 
pastor of a church at Xew London, Pa., until 
1.02, when he took charge of an acad. in 
1 una. Ue had previously taught school at 
Ijew London, and was the tutor of many of 
illf! eminent men of the Hevol. From 1755 
until his death, he was vice-provost, and prof, 
of moral philosophy of the College of Phila 
and pastor of the First Church In Aug' 
l,a8, he was chaplain to Col. Byrd'scxpcd! 
r *°'' C""''«-''- ""<)• Ue received the decree 
of D.D. from the U. of Glasgow in 1758. 
By us^ will he freed all his slaves. May 
24, 1,58 he preached before the synods of 
P.. 1 . and I a. a sermon, entitled " iWc and 
Liiity recommended." — .h/„o./w 

Allan, Coi. John, iJc-ol.' patriot, b. 
Ld nburgh Castle, Scotland, Jan. I.-3 1746 • d 
Liibec Me., V^b 7, 1805. Win. his fuihe'r, a 
retired British ofheer, emigrated to Nova Scotia 
in 1,49. John engaged in agricultural and 
mercantile pursuits near Fort Cumberland ■ 
became a justice of the peace, clerk of the 
Supreme Court, and was a member of the 
Provincial Assembly in 1770-6. Sympathizing 
with the Americans in their struggle for liberty 
he secured to them the friendship of the Indim' 
tribes in Ins vicinity, and ap[>iud personally 
to (. ongiess, who app. him superinteii.lent of 
the Lastern Indians and a col. in the army 
in Jan. 1777. The authorities of N. S. ofterea 
a reward of XlOO for his apprehension ; and 
during the struggle, his house was burned 
and his w^e kept for months in prison a 
Halilax. Col. Allan rendered great service 
to the patriot cause, and, with his Indian allies 
protected the exposed north-eastern frontier.' 
In 1,84, he settled in Maine. He received 
from the govt, of JIs. 22.000 acres of wild land 
now the town of Whiting) i„ 1792, and in 
1801 in consequence of losses incurred by him 
in the war a grant from Congress of "2,000 
acres in Ohio, where Columbus now stands, 
but then of little value. - 6>« " .yitliary oJ. 
f-ations ,n Lasten, Maine a,ui Nova Scotia," bu 



17 



AT.T. 



Allen« Rev. Benvamix, rector of St. Paul's 
Ckurcli, l^hila. ; d. at ten on his return from 
Kurope, Jan. 27, 1829. Author of " Uist. of 
the Church of Christ," 2 vois. 183-3. Eilitor 
of the Christian Maijazlne. — See Memoir hi/ his 
brulhrr, Ph,!,i., 1832. 

Alien, Cu.uiLES, LL.D (H. U. 1863), ju- 
rist and statesman, b. Worcester, Ms., Au;;j. 9, 
1797; (i. there Au;;. 6, 1869. Adm. to the 
bar in 1818, be began practice at New Brain- 
tree, but soon removed to Worcester. Many 
years a nieinber of the State legisl. ; member of 
the Xorih-eastern Boundarv Commission in 
1842; Juil:,'e C. C. P. 1842-4; chief-justice Suf- 
folk Co. Sup. Court 1858-9, and of the Mass. 
Sup. Court 1859-67; M. C. 1849-53. One 
of the founders of the Free Soil party; editor 
of the Boston Whig, afterwards culled the lie- 
jj'iblican. An influential member of the Const. 
Conv. of 1853, and a delegate to the Peace 
Congress in 1861. A sound lawyer, and an 
able and upright judge. He rec'd an hon. 
degree from V. C. in 1836. Allen's Reports 
make 14 vols. (1861-8). 

Allen, n.iviD Oliver, D.D., missionary, 
b. Barre, Ms., 1S04; d. Lowell, Ms., July 17, 
1863. Amh. Coll. 1823. After working on a 
farm, and teaching, be studied at the And. 
Theol. Sera., and in Sept. 1827, went to Bom- 
bay. There he labored until his return in 
June, 1853; and in 1856 pub. a " History of 
India." From 1836 to 1860, he preached at 
Wcnham and other places. Mtka his wife d. 
Bombay, Feb. 3, 1831. He contrib. extensive- 
ly to journals in India and America. Member 
of the " Royal Asiatic " and " American Ori- 
ental " societies. 

Allen, Ebesezer, Revol. soldier, and one 
of tlic touiiders of Vt. ; d. 1805. He was at 
the capture of Ticonderoga and Mount Deti- 
aiiee, and (listing, himself in the battle of Beu- 
nin.'lon. — HiMji-rs. 

Allen, Kpiibaim W., printer, and 30 years 
editor of the N'.ivburijporl ller^ild, b. about 1 780; 
d. Mar. 9, 1846. 

Allen, Eia.iy, Revol. soldier, b. Litchfield, 
Ct., Jan. 10. 1737; d. Burlington, Vt., Feb. 
12, 1789. His parents removed to Coiuwall, 
and subsequently to Salisbury ; where, in 1762, 
Kthan was one of the proprietors of the iron 
furnace. Of six brothers who received the 
bare rudiments of education, four emigrated 
in 1772 to the territory west of the Green 
Mountains, where Ethan had preceded them in 
176;i, and where they became renowned in the 
border fends and in the Revol. struggle. This 
territory called " The Ncw-Hampsliire ijrants," 
was claimed by N. Y. ; but the settlers, 
under the lead of Allen, seconded by Seth 
Warner and Remember Baker, resisted their 
sbcritfs and constables, and held them at bay, 
uiiiil the Revol. turned the efforts of all in 
another direction. During this controversy, 
several pamphlets were written by Allen, and 
in his peculiar manner, which were well suit- 
ed to the state of public feeling, exhibiting the 
injustice of the claims. The State of N. Y. 
declared Allen an outlaw, and oifered a re- 
ward of X150 for his capture. Immediately 
after the battle of Lexington, a plan for the 
capture of Ticonderoga was matured in Hart- 



ford; and Edward Mott and Noah Phelps with 
16 men were joined by Cols. Easion and 
Brown at Pittsfield, and by Alien at Benning- 
ton, who was chosen to commsind. At Castle- 
ton, they were joined by Arnold, who bad Iwen 
commissioned by the Massachusetts Commit- 
tee to raise 4UU men for the same object, and 
who, it is said, accompanied the expedition as 
a volunteer. They arrived at the lake oppo- 
site the fortress, on the evening of May 9 ; and 
at daybreak, Allen, with 83 men, surprised the 
garrison, and captured the stronghold with all 
its valuable stores. The capture of Crown 
Point by Col. Warner the same day, and of a 
sloop-of-war soon alter, gave them the mastery 
of Lake Champlain, and gave a brilliant Alal 
to the opening of tlic war. His success as a 
partisan, occasioned his being twice despatched 
into Canada, during the fall of 1775, to gain 
over the Canadians to the American cause. 
In the last of these expeditions, he undertook, 
in conjunction with Col. Brown, the capture 
of Montreal. Crossing the river with 110 men 
on the morning of Sept. 25, he was attacked 
by a large force, before Col. Brown could ef- 
fect a junction, and made prisoner. lie was 
put in irons, and treated with great severity by 
Gen. Prescolt ; then sent to Eng., and treated 
with extreme cruelty on the p!iss.ige, by 
Brooke Watson. After three weeks' con- 
finement in Pendennis Castle, he was, in Jan. 
1776, sent to Halifax; and, five months after, 
was removed to N. Y. He experienced great 
kindness from the captain ; and, while on ths 
passage, his refu.«al to join in an attempt to seize 
the vessel, prevented the execution of the plan. 
May 6, 1778, he was exchanged for Col. Camp- 
bell, returned to Vt., wliere he was received 
with honors, and given the command of the 
militia; receiving also from Congress the com- 
mission of licut.-col. in the Cojitinental Army. 
A fruitless attempt was made by the British, 
through Beverley Robinson, to bribe him to 
lend his support to a union of Vt. with Cana- 
da, the only result of which was, that, by 
feigning negotiations, Allen was able to secure 
the neutrality ot the British towards his moun- 
taineers until the close of the war. As a 
member of the State legisl. and a special dele- 
gate to Congress, be succeeded in his great ob- 
ject, — the ultimate recognition of Vt. as aa 
independent State. Belore the end of the war, 
he rem jved to Bennington, thence to Arling- 
ton, and finally to the vicinity of Onion River, 
where he died. Two of his sons, graduates of 
West Point, became capts. of artillery. Be- 
sides a n.irrative of his captivity, and some 
pamphlets on the Controversy with N. Y., he 
pub. in 1784 " Allen's Theology, or the Oracles 
of Reason," the first publication in the U. S. 
openly directed against the Christian religion. 
He was a brave, generous, and independent 
man, butwaseccentrlcand ambitious. A Life by 
Hugh Muore was pub. Plattsburg, 12mo, 1834 ; 
" Ethan Allen, and the Green Mountain 
Heroes of '76," by H. UePuy, 8vo, Bntfalo, 
1853. There is also a memoir in Sparks's 
Amer. Biog., vol i. 

Allen, Ueman, LL.D., lawyer and politi- 
cian of Colchester, Vt., b. Poultncv, Vt., Feb. 
23, 1779; d. Highgatc, Vt., Ap'r. 9, 1832. 



AT.T. 



18 



AT.T. 



Dartm. Coll. 1795. Son of Maj. IIcIkt, ami 
neplicsv of Kchan Allen. He aijopteil iliu pro- 
fciiAion of tlio law, wa-s slieritf of CliitteuJen 
Co. in 1808-9 ; chief-jusiiceof tlie county court 
from 1811 to 1814; an active inenilier of the 
State Ictjisl. from lsl2 to 1817 ; qimrtermaster 
of militia with the title of bri),'a(lier ; and a 
trustee of the U. of Vt. -M. C. 1817-18. U. 
S. marshal for the District of Vt. 1818-2.3. 
He was minister to Chili in 1823-8, and lieUl 
tlic I'rcsidency of the U. S. liranch Bank at 
licirliii;;ton, from 1830 until the expiration of 
its cliMricr. — Diirtm. Cull. Alumni. 

Alleilt Henry, a relif^ious enthusiast, b. 
Newport, U.I., Juno 14, 1748; d. Nortliamp- 
toi], X.H., Feb. 2, 1784. He was settled at 
Kalnioutli, N, S., where he taufjht that our 
first parents were not corporeal before the Fall, 
that there will be no resurrection of the body, 
and that men are not bound to obey the ordi- 
nances of the gospel. He pub. some treatises 
and sirnions, and a hook of lyrics. 

Allen, Henry Watkins, statesman and 
soldier, b. Prince Edward Co., Va., Apr. 29, 
1820; d. city of Mexico, Apr. 22, 1866. His 
lather. Dr. Thoinas Allen, removed to Lexing- 
ton, Mo. Disliking mercantile life, the sun 
was placed in Marion Coll., but ran away 
two years after ; became a teacher at Grand 
Gulf, Mpi. ; studied law, and had attained a 
successful practice, when, in 1842, he raised a 
company for the Texan war. Alter its close, 
he returned, married, and in 1846 was elected 
to the State legisl. He afterward settled on his 
estate at West Baton Houge; and in 1853 was 
in the La. legisl. In 1854, he went to Cam- 
bridge U. as a law-stndent. He visiteil Europe 
in 1859, one result of which was a volume of 
" Travels of a Sugar-Planler." Re-entering 
the legisl., he became a prominent speaker, and, 
when Buchanan became Pres., left the Whig for 
the Denioc. party. When the Uebcllion broke 
out, he was made licut.col., and then col., of 
the 4th La., and afterward military gov. of 
Jackson. He was wounded at ShiloU, com. a 
brigade at Baton Rouge, where ho was despe- 
rately wounilcd ; was made brig.-gcn. in Sept. 
1864, but almost immediately after was elected 
gov. of La. In this position, he showed groat 
ability, improving the finances of the State, 
encouraging manufactures, and enforcing the 
laws. At ihe close of the war, he took up his 
residence in Mexico, where he established the 
Mexican Times, which he edited until his 
death. — Sue " Jierolledions ofllemi) W. Allen," 
liij Mrs. Sanih A. Ihrscy. 'N. J'.,' 1867. 

Allen, Ira, one of the founders of Vt., 
b. Cornwall, Ct., Apr. 21, 1751 ; d. Phila., 
Jan. 7, 1814. A younger bro. of Ethan, he 
went with him to Vt., and took part with 
him in the controversy with N.Y. ile was an 
active patriot ; was a member of the legisl. in 
1776-7; a member of the convention which 
framed the constitution of Vt. in 1778; was 
tec. of State, and subsequently surveyor-gen., 
and treasurer, and member of the council. 
Upon Burgoyne's advance, Allen, then a mem- 
ber of the Committee of Safety and a col. of 
militia, suggested the raising a regt. bv the 
tonliscation and sale of Tory property, ft was 
soon raised, and, together with that of Col. 



Warner, did good service in the battle of Ben- 
nington. With Messrs. Bradley and Fox, he 
was a commissioner to Congress in 1780-81, in 
behalf of Vl, and in opposition to the claims of 
neighboring States. In Apr. 1781, he was 
app. to settle a cartel, and also to agree to an 
armistice with the British troops in Canada, 
which was accordingly done. These politic 
measures brought about a final settlement of 
the dilliculties with N.V., whose claims were 
extingnlshed upon the payment of S30,U00. 
In 1789, he drew up a memorial in favor of the 
establishment of the University at Burlington. 
In Mar. 1792, he was a delegate to the con- 
vention which ratified the U.S. Constitution. 
In 1795, having become senior maj. -gen. of mi- 
litia, he went to Europe to purchase arms tor 
the supply of his State. On his way homo with 
the muskets and cannon purchased of the 
French Republic, he was taken and carried to 
Eng., where, after a litigation of eight years 
in the Court of Admiralty, on the accusation of 
intending to supply the Irish rebels with arms, 
the case was decided in his favor. In 1 798, he 
was imprisoned in Fr:incc, and returned home 
in 1801. He was the author of a "Natural and 
Political History of Vermont," 8vo, London, 
1798, and of " Statcmeiiu Appended to the 
Olive Branch," 1807. 

Allen, Isaac, lawver and lovalist of 
Trenton, XJ. ; d. Frcde'rickton, N.B!, 1806, a. 
65. N.J. Coll. 1762. In 1782, he was licut.- 
col. of the 2d batt. of N.J. Vols. One of the 
grantees of St. John, N.B., he held u seat in 
the council, and was a judge of the Supreme 
Court. — Sahine. 

Allen, James, clergvman, b. Eng., 1632; 
d. Boston, Sept. 22, 17"lO. Fellow of New 
Coll., Oxiord. Having been ejected for non- 
conformity, he came to N.E. in 1662, with n 
high reputation us a scholar and divine, and 
wasord. Dec. 9, 1668, as colleague with Mr. 
Davenport in the First Church, Boston. In 
1669, 17 ministers pub. their testimony against 
the conduct of Allen and Davenport in regard 
to the settlement of the latter. This contro- 
versy between the 1st and 3d churches inter- 
ested the whole Colony. Tlie General Court 
having, in 1670, declared the comluct of those 
churciies and elders who assisted in cstabli^h- 
ing the 3d church illegal and disorderly, at its 
next session, some of the members being 
changed, the censure was taken off. Mr. Al- 
len possessed great Zealand inilucnce, and took 
a deep interest in Harvard Coll., of which cor- 
poration he was several years a nieinber. He 
pub. occasional sermons and essays on polemic 
divinity. 

Allen, James, first minister of Brookline, 
Ms., b. Roxbnry, 1692; d. Feb. is, 1747. 
H. U. 1710. Ord. Nov. 5, 1718. In 1722. he 
pub. a "Thanksgiving Sermon," in 1727 a 
" Discourse on Providence ; " a " Fast Ser- 
mon on the Great EartlKjuake in 1731." 

Allen, James, poet, b. Boston, July 24, 
1739 ; d. there Oct. 21, 1808. The son of a 
wealthy merchant, he studied at Harvard Coll. 
but le'ft it at the end of the third year. 
His chief production, " 1-ines on the Massacre," 
written at the re<|uest of Dr. Warren, to ac- 
company the oration which he delivered, wag 



19 



AT.T. 



suppressed by the committee hnving the sub- 
ject in cbar<.'e, owing to suspicions of his polit- 
ical faith. His friends, indignant at this treat- 
ment, pnb. it, with extracts from the " IJetro- 
spect," also by Allen, which they accompanied 
by a vindication of the author's political sound- 
ness and poetical merits; pub. Boston, 1772. 
He also wrote a patrloiic epic, entitled " Bun- 
ker Hill," now supposed to be lost, and a few 
magazine pieces. — I infkiiick. 

Allen, C()i...r<)ii\, b. Rockbridge Co., Va., 
Dee. 30, 1772; killed in battle of the River 
Raisin, Jan. 22, 1813. llis father was an early 
settler in Ky. The son was educated at Dr. 
Priestley's aead. at Bardstown ; settled in the 
practice of law at Shclbyville in 1795, and at- 
tained high rank in the ]irofession. Early in 
1812, he raised a regt. of riflemen, part of which 
was in the action at Brownstown, Jan. 18, 
1 8 1 ■). It formed the left wing of the American 
force at the disastrous battle of the River Rai- 
sin. — Cnliins's Hist, of Kentucky. 

Allen, JosErH, b. Boston, Sept. 2, 1749 ; 
d. Worcester, Sept. 2, 1827. H. U. 1774. His 
mother was a sister of Samuel Adams. He 
was a merchant in Leicester, Ms., and an ac- 
tive Whig ; a member of the State Const. 
Conv., 1778 ; clerk of Worcester Co. court 
from 1776 to 1810; M. C. 1811-13; council- 
lor 181.1-18 ; a founder and patron of Leicester 
ncad. Ho went to Worcester 1776. 

Allen, Joseph, D.D. (H. U. 1848), b. 
Medlicld, Ms., Aug. 15, 1790. H. U. 1811. 
Old. 1814. He studied theology under Rev. 
Dr. Ware at Cambridge. Ord. minister of 
Northboro' Oct. 30, 1816, — a post he still re- 
tains. Deleg. to the Peace Congress at Paris 
in 1849. Author of "Hist. Account of North- 
boro' " in Worcester Mar;., Ja\y, 1826; "Ser- 
mon on Completing the 25th Year of his Min- 
istry." 1841; "Centennial Discourse," 1846; 
" Memoir of Rev. Dr. Lathropof SprinL'field," 
1823; " Hist, of the Worcester Association," 
1868; " Allen Genealogy," 1869. 

Allen, Moses, minister of Medway, Ga., 
b. Nurihanipton, Ms., Sept. 14, 1748; "d. Feb. 
8,1779. N.J. Coll. 1772. Ord. at Christ's 
Chnrch parish, near Charleston, S.C., Mar. 16, 
1775; resigned JunS 8, 1777, and established 
him-^clfat Medway. His emigrant ancestor, 
Samuel, d. Windsor, Ct., 1648. An ardent 
patriot, he became obnoxious to the British, 
who dispersed his society, and burned his 
meeting-house. Made prisoner at the capture 
of Savannah, and put on board a prison-ship, 
he was drowned in attempting to escaije to the 
sliorc. 

Alleu, Paul, editor and poet, b. Providence, 
R 1., Feb. 15. 1775 ; d. Baltimore, Aug. 18, 
1826. B.U. 1796. After studying law, he went 
to I'hila., where ho wrote for the Poiifolia and 
r..S'. Giizetle. In 1801, he pub. a small vol. of 
poems, superintended the publication of" fjcwis 
and ("l.nke's Travels," in 1814 ; and projected a 
" Life of Washington," and obtained a great 
number of subscribers, but from indolence made 
no cITbrt to fuKil the obligation he had in- 
curred. Successively editor of the Federal lie- 
piilJican, the .ImirmJ of the Times, and a con- 
tributor to the Portico, a magazine, he sank into 
poverty, and was for a time insane. He final- 



ly became editor of the ifoming Clironide, at 
Baltimore, which he conducted until his death. 
In 1819, a history of the Anier. Revol. appeared 
in his name, but really written by John Neal, 
and another friend, named Watkins. Allen 
contrili. a portion of the preface. His poem 
of '• Noah," pub. in 1821, was judiciously re- 
duced flvm 25 to 5 cantos, by his friend Neal. 
He also pub. a " Life of Alexander I.," 1818. 

Allen, Philip, politician, b. Provideme, 
R.I., Sept. 1, 1785; d there Dec. 16, 1865. B. 
U. 1803. He was long and successlully en- 
gaged in the cotton manufacture in R.I. ; was 
a member of the State legisl. in 1819-21 ; gov. 
of R.I. 1851-3 ; and UlS. senator, 1853-9 ; 
pres. of the US. Branch Bank, 1827-36. He 
constructed the first Watt and Boulton steam- 
engine in Providence. 

Allen, Phineas, editor, b. Northampton, 
Ms., Aug. 11, 1776 ; d. Pittsfield, Ms., May 8, 
1860. Son of Rev. Solomon. After serving an 
apprenticeship in the otfice of the UampfUire 
Gazette, he established, Sept. 16, 1800, the Pitts- 
field Hun, which he continued 60 years. He 
was often in the State legisl. 

Alien, Richard L., agriculturist, b. Hamp- 
den Co., .Ms., Oct. 1803 ; d. Stockholm, Sweden, 
Sept. 22,1869. He was a merchant in N.Y., 
but impaired health led him to farming 
on a tract on the Niagara River, in 1832. In 
1842, with his bro., A. B. Allen, he founded 
the Anurican Aiiricnlturist, contributing, co- 
editing, and publishing 14 years; when the 
brothers relinquished editing to carry on the 
agricultural-implement business, which became 
very extensive. He pub. " The American 
Farm-Book," 8vo, 1856; a valuable treatise 
on " The Diseases of Domestic Animals," 1848 ; 
" American Agriculture," and " American 
Farmer's Muck-Book," 18mo. At the time of 
his death, he was making the tour of Northern 
Europe. 

Allen, CoL. Robert, soldier and politi- 
cian, b. Augusta Co., Va., 1777 ; d. near Car- 
thage, Tenn., Aug. 19, 1844. Bred a merchant, 
he settled in Carthage about 1804, and was 
many years clerk of the county court. He 
commanded a regt. in the War of 1812, serving 
under Jackson with honor and credit. He was 
a member of Congress in 1819-27. 

Allen, Robert, brig.-gen. vols., b. O. West 
Point, 1836. Entering the 2d Art., he was 
made 1st lieut. .July 7, 1838; assist. -quarter- 
master. May 11, 1846; brev. maj. for gallant 
and merit, conduct at Ccrro Gordo, Apr. 
18, 1847; quartermaster of Twiggs's division 
in the Valley of Mexico; capt. Oct. 19, 1847 ; 
maj. Mav 17, 1861 ; aide-de-camp, rank of 
col., Fcbl 19, 1862; brig.-gen. May 23, 1863. 
He was stationed at St. Louis, where his services 
were of the greatest value during the Rebellion, 
since which he has been chief (|uartermaster 
div. of the Pacific ; brev. maj. -gen. March 13, 
18G5 for merit, services in the Relwlliou; col. 
and assist, qiiartermaster-gen. July 28, 1866. 

Allen, Samuei., gov. of N.H. ; d. New 
Ca.«tlc, Alay 5, 1705, a. ah. 70. A merchant 
of London, he bought into Mason's patent in 
1691 ; and was gov. in 1691-9. His purchase 
brought to him and his heirs only embarrass- 
ment and coutention. His son Thomas con- 



AJLL 



20 



AT.T. 



timicil to agitate his claim, which was contested 
by various persona. The final verdict in 1 707 
being against him, he appealed ; hut his death 
in 1 7 1 r>, heforc the appeal was heard, put an end 
to till' >uit. 

AlleD, S.vMCEi, Clessos, politician, b. Ber- 
nnra,ton, Ms., Jan. .5, 1772; d. Northficid, 
Ms, I'cli. 8, 184L'. Darim. Coll. 1794. He was 
from 1 795 to 1793 pastor of a Cong, church in 
Norililiilil ; afterw.ird iiractised law in Green- 
field and Nonhticld ; was in the legisl. in 1806- 
10; Slate senator, 1812-15 and 18.31; M.C. 
1817-29; and executive councillor, 1829-30. 
Afterward lecturer on political economy in 
Audi. Coll. He delivered a eulogy on Dr. 
Wheeloek, pres. of Dartm. Coll. I8l'7, and an 
oration. July 4, 1806. — /Airtm. Cull. Alumni. 

Allen, Rev. Si)i.o.mon, b. Northampton, 
Ms., l'\i). 23, 1751 ; d. N. Y., Jan. 20, 1821. 
He with four of his brothers served in the 
Revol. army ; Moses and Thomas as chaplains. 
At the time of Andre's capture, he was a lieut. 
and adj., and conveyed him to Lower Salem. 
Lieut. Allen then proceeded to West Point to 
delivcrto Arnold tlie letter from Col.. Jameson, 
his commander, which enabled the traitor to es- 
cape, by giving him the information so essential 
to bis safety. After the war, in which he rose to 
the rank of maj he was actively cni])loyed 
in quelling the insurrection of Shays. At the 
age of 50, though his education had been 
scanty, he became a preacher, and was exceed- 
ingly" successful. His labors were performed 
in the western part of Ms. and the State Of 
N. Y., in a country newly settled, and whose in- 
habitants were mostly poor. 

Allen< TiiOM.vs, minister of Cliarlestown, 
Ms., b. Xorwich, Eng., 1608; d. there Sept. 21, 
1073. He grad. at Cambridge; was minister 
of St. Edinund's ; was silenced by Bp. Wren 
in 1036, for refusing to read the "Book of 
Sports," as required of the clergy ; and in 1 638 
came to Boston. He preached at Cliarlestown 
from that time till 1051, when he retunie.l to 
Norwich, continuing his ministry until ejected 
in 1602, but continued to |>reach till his death. 
While in this country, he pub. an " Invitation 
to Thirsty Sinners to come unto their .Saviour." 
He also pub. "The Scripture Chronology," 
1659; " Way of the Spirit in bringing Souls 
to Christ ; " and several sermons upon " The 
Ncce.ssity of Faith." — li^liot. 

Allen, Tiios., minister of Pitlsfield, Ms., 
from Apr. 18, 1704, to bis death, Feb. 11, 1810. 
H. U. 1762. Bro. of Moses and Solomon, b. 
Northampton, Jan. 17. 1743. A chaplain in 
the Uevol. army at While Plains and atTicon- 
dcroga. He was conspicuous at the battle of 
Bennington, and was one of the first to enter 
the German breastwork. He visited Eng. in 
17U9. He took an active part in the political 
discussions of his time. He pub. some ser- 
mons. — Siirni/iie. 

Allen, *Vi i.n.vM, chief-justice of Pa., 1 750- 
74, and a distinguished frienil of literature and 
the arts; d. Eng., Sept. 1780. Son of Win., 
an eminent merchant of Pliila., who d. 1725. 
His wife was a dau. of Andrew Hamilton, 
whom he succeeded as recorder of Phila. in 
1741. He was a i>atron of West the painter, 
aud CO o)>erated with Franklin in establishing 



the Coll. of Phila. Being a lovalist, he with- 
drew to Eng. in 1774. He pub. in Load., 1774, 
" The American Crisis," 6ug<.'csting a plan for 
restoring the dependence of America, llis son 
Andrew succeeded Mr. Chew as attorney-gcn., 
and after being a member of Congress and of 
the Committee of Safety, together with llis 
bros. John and William, ])ut hini.self, at the 
close of 1770, under the protection of Gen. 
Howe at Trenton. This son d. in Lond., Mar. 
7, 1825, a. 85. Uis bro. William had been a 
lieut. -col. in the Continental service, but in 
1778 raised a regt. of Pa. Loyalists. He was 
noted for wit, good humor, and lor afTi\ble and 
gentlenianlv manners. — Salihie. 

Allen, William, D.D. (1). C. 1820), cler- 
gvnian ami author, b. Pittsticld, Ms., Jan. 2, 
K84; d. Northampton, Ms., Julv 16, 1868. 
H.U. 1802. Son of Uev. Thomas. "After lH.ing 
licensed in 1804, he preached for some months 
in various places in the western jiart of N.Y. 
While a regent in Harvard Coll. he prepared 
the first edition of his "American Biographical 
and Historical Dictionary," pub. in 1809. 'I'he 
second edition of this work appeared in 1S32; 
the third, in 1857. In 1807, he prepared the 
lives of Amer. ministers for Rev. David Bogue'a 
"History of the Dissenters." In Oct. tsio, 
he was ord. pastor of the church in I'iitsHcId, 
as his father s successor. In 1812, he m. Maria 
M., dau. of Pres. John Wheeloek. He was made 
pres. of Dartm. Coll. in 1817, and liom 1820 
to 1839 was pres. of Bowd. Coll. Among his 
writings are contributions of " Words not 
found in Dictionaries of the English Lan- 
guage," to Worcester and Webster; "Bacca- 
laureate Addres.ses," 1823-9; "Junius Un- 
masked," identifying him with Lord Sack- 
ville ; "Accounts of Shipwrecks;" "Psalins 
and Hymns," 1835; " Memoirs of Dr. Eleazcr 
Wheeloek and of Dr. John Codmaii," 18.)3 ; 
" An Historical Discourse on the Fortieth An- 
niversary of the Second Ch. in Dorchester," 
1848; "A Discourse at the Close of the Sec- 
ond Century of the Settlement at Nurthamp- 
ton, Ms.," 18.54 ; " Wunnissoo. or the Vale of 
Housatonnnk," a nocm, 1850; besides a 
" Dudleian Lecture ' at Cambridge ; " Chris- 
tian Sonnets," 1860; "Poems of Nazareth 
and the Cross," 1806 ; " Sacred Songs," 1807, 
and various sermons and re|K>rts. A discourse 
commemorative of Dr. Allen, by Dr. W. B. 
Sjiragiie, has been pub. 

Allen, W.M. IIenrv, a distinguished naval 
officer, b. Providence, R.I., Oct. 21, 1784; d. 
Aug. 15, 1813. Uis father. Win. Allen, was h 
maj. in the Hevol. army, and in 1799 brig.-gen. 
of State militia. His mother was a sister of 
Gov. Jones. At a very early period, he discov- 
ered a surprisingly inquisitive mind, and a ro- 
mantic inclination tovisit foreign countries. He 
entered thcnavyasamidshipman, Apr. 28, ISOO, 
and sailed in the frigate " (leorge Washing- 
ton," dipt. Campbell, to Algiers ; subsequently 
sailing to the Mediterranean, under Barron, in 
" The Philadelphia ; " under Rodgers, in " The 
John Adams; " and a fourth time, in 1804, as 
sailing-master to " The Congress." In this voy- 
age, he narrowly escaped death, having lallcn, 
during a gale, into the sea, luckily rising near 
the mizzcu-chains, which he grasped. Lieut, of 



AT.Ti 



21 



AT.T. 



" The Constitution " in 1805/ he visited jEtna 
nnd Vesuvius, Herculaneum and Pompeii ; and, 
retuinine: in 1806, was3dlieut. of "The Chesa- 
peake " when she struck her colors to the British 
frigate " Leopard." He drew up the letter of 
tho officers to the sec. of the navy, urging the 
arrest and trial of Barron for neglect of duty. 
In 1S09, he became 1st lieut. of the frigate 
" L'nited States," underDecatur, and, soon after 
jlie hreakiiig-out of the War of 1812, highly dis- 
tiiig. himself in the action with "The Mace- 
donian," and brought her safelv into N. Y. har- 
bor.' Promoted, July 24, 1813, to be raaster- 
cummandant, he carried Mr. Crawford, the min- 
ister, in the brig "Argus," to France, and then 
pioceeiled to the Irish Channel to harass Eng- 
lish commeice, in which he was highly success- 
ful. Aug. 14, 1813, ho fell in with the British 
brig " Pelican," and, in the engagement which 
ensued, was soon mortally wounded, and his 
vessel, after a vigorous resistance, taken. Car- 
ried into Plymouth, the next day he died, and 
was buried with military honors. 

AlleQ) William How-.vri>, a naval officer, 
b. Hudson, N.Y., July 8, 1790. Killed near 
Matanzas, Nov. 9, 1822, while gallantly lead- 
ing a boat-attack upon a piratical squadron. 
Midshipman Jan. 1, 1808; lieut. July 24, 1813. 
He was 2d lieut. of "The Argus," Capt. Allen, 
when slie was taken by "The Pelican," on the 
English coast, in 181.'!, and commanded in the 
latter part of the action; both his superiors 
having been wounded. His native town erected 
a nujiuimcnt to his memory. 

Allende (iil-yen'-de), J , a Mexican revo- 
lutionist, shot at Chihuahua in July, 1811. A 
eapiaiu in the army, he lent to the revolution- 
ists the military skill they so much needed, and 
a powerful influence over the natives. Nov. 
29, 1810, he joined Hidalgo, and transported 
over the Cordilleras, with the aid of the na- 
tives, heavy guns from San Bias. Hidalgo 
having (ought a battle against his advice, he 
was defeated. Allende brought off the remnant 
of his army, but was taken near Saltillo by the 
treachery of Elizondo, and was shot soon after. 

AUertOn, Is.t.ic, a Plymouth Pilgrim, b. 
ab. 15S3 ; d. 1659. He was one of those who 
left Eng. in 1G08, and settled in Leyden. His 
naiue is attached to the memorable compact 
si;.'ned on board " The Mayflower," Nov. 11, 
1620. His wife Mary d. Feb. 25, 1621. He 
possessed a considerable estate, and was one of 
till' leading and enterprising men of the colony. 
Mar. 22, he, with Miles Standish, " wcntyen- 
tunnisly" to treat with Massasoit. He was 
sub-euuently for some years an assistant. Ab. 
1626, he ni. Fear, dau. of Elder William Brew- 
ster, and in tho autumn of that year was sent 
to Eng., partly to obtain supplies, and partly 
to negotiate with the adventurers. Having in 
a second trip purchased lor his associates their 
rights for £1.800, payal>le in nine yearly in- 
ttaliKcnts, nnd obtained also a patent for a 
trading-station for Kennel)ec, he returned early 
in 1628 to Plymouth. In a fourth trip, after 
much delay and iliHiculty, he succeeded in ob- 
t lining the enlargement and correction of the 
Kennebec patent, and also another for Ply- 
iiiouih, and lacilitatcd the removal of the re- 
mainder of the church at Leyden. In 1631, in 



consequence of a difficulty with the colony, 
"he was dismissed as their agent." Quitting 
them, he, in June, 1632, hired the " White An- 
gel," and attempted to establish a trading-house 
on the Kennebec River, and also at Penobscot; 
but the latter was destroyed by the French. 
In 1633, he established a trading-house at Ma- 
ehias, which was attacked and plundered by 
the French and Indians in 1634, and burned 
soon afterwards. In 1634, his pinnace, return- 
ing from a trading-voyage with the French ab. 
Port Royal, was cast away; and in ihe same 
year his wife was carried off by a " pestilent 
fever." In Mar. 1635, he "was to be notified 
by the civil authorities that he had leave to de- 
part from Marblehead ; " and during this year 
another of his coasting-vessels was wrecked at 
Cape Ann, and 21 persons perished, including 
Rev. .Jidm Avery, his wife, and 6 children. 
From 1643 until his death, he resided at New 
Haven, though spoken of Oct. 27, 1646, as "of 
New Amsterdam in the province of New Neth- 
erlands, merchant." Chosen a member of the 
conncil of New Amsterdam in 1643.' Point 
Alilerton in Boston harbor is supposed to be 
named from him. His third wife d. 1684. His 
son Isaac grad. at H. U. 1650. 

Allibone, Samuel Austin, b. Phila , 17 
Apr. 1316. author of a "Critical Dictionary 
of English Literature and Authors," 3 vols. 
roy. 8vo, 1859-70. A work of immense labor 
and research, and of very great importance 
and utility. 

Allin,' John, first minister of Dedham, b. 
Eng., 1596 ; d. Dedham, Ms., Aug. 26, 1671. 
Driven from Eng. by tlie persecution of the 
Puritans in 1637, he was settled in Dedham, 
Apr. 24, 1 639, and continued there till his death. 
Assisted by Mr. Shepherd of Cambridge, he 
pub. his "Defence of the Nine Propositions" 
of Church discipline, also a " Defence of the 
Synod of 1662 against Pros. Chauncey," and 
a few discourses. Dr. Slather calls him a 
dilisont student and go6d scholar. — Eliot. 

Allison, Patriciv, D.D. (U. of Pa. 1782|, 
35 years pastor of the Presb. Church, Balti- 
more, b. Lancaster Co., Pa, 1740; d. Bait. 
Aug. 21, 1802. Phila. Coll. 1760. Ord. 1765. 
He ranked high as a preacher, was an active 
patriot in 1775, and was app. chaplain to Con- 
gress, Dec. 23, 1776. He pub. treatises on 
Liberty, &e. An original founder of Baltimore 
Coll. and Library. — Spraijne. 

Allouez, Claudk, a Jesuit missionary, 
who visited Lake Superior in 1665-7, founded 
a mission at Green Bay in 1669, where he en- 
dured many hardships, and in 1687 was at 
St. Louis. While conline<l to his bed at that 
place by illness, he stole away on hearing of the 
approach of La Salle, whom ho had injured. 
— Sie I'ltrkman's Discoveri) nfthe Great Went. 

Allston, Gen. Josei-h, gov. of S. C, 
1812-14, b. 1778; d. Sept. 10, 1816. Son of 
Col. Wm. His wife Theodosia, dan. of Aaron 
Burr, was lost at sea in 1812. He was a planter 
of education and ability, and several years a 
distiui:. member of tho S.C. legisl. 

Allston, RouEKT FnAXCis Withers, 
gov. of S.C, 1856-8, b. All Saint-s' Parish, SC, 
Apr. 21, 1801 ; d. near Georgetown, S.C, Apr. 
7,1864. WestPoint, 1821. Retiring from tho 



22 



Ar.:M 



array in 1S22, upon a rice-plantation on the 
I'edce, ho became very successful. Survev.- 
Ccn. of the State, 1823-7 ; mcmberof the lower 
branch of the le^isl. 1828-)2 ; of the Senate, 
1832-56, and prcs. of that body in 1850-6. Ho 
was a Slatc-n^'hts politician. In the lej,'i.-,l. 
he fostered the a;;ricultural and educational 
interests of the State. Trustee of SC. Coll. 
.1841-64. Author of "Memoir on Uice," 1843; 
" Keport on rublic Schools," 1847 ; " Essay on 
Sea-coast Crops," 1854. 

Allston, Wasiiingto.n, an eminent paint- 
er, b. Waccaraaco, S C, Nov. 5, 1779; d. 
Cauibrid-e. Ms., July 9, 1843. H. U. 1800. 
Denveen the iv^es of 7 and 17, he wasatschool 
in Newport, R. I., where ho made the acquaint- 
ance of Jlalbone, and first essayed his artistic 
talent. In 1801, he went to Europe, having 
sold his patrimonial estate to enable him to 
cultivate his love of the art. and became a 
student at tho Royal Acad. Diuins 8 years' 
residence abroad, he made liimself familiar 
with the works of the (jrcat masters. Return- 
ing to Cambridge in 1809, he delivered a poem 
before the Phi Heta Kappa Society, and ra. the 
sister of Dr. \Vm. E. Channing. From 18U 
to 1818, he was again in Eng., where, besides 
])roducing some of his best pictures, he pub. 
in 1813, "The Sylphs of the Seasons," and 
other poems. He built himself a house and 
studio in Cambridge, and, having lost his first 
wife, m. ill 1830 a dan. of Judge Dana. Among 
his best works are " Saul and the Witch of 
Endor," " Elijah in the Desert," " Jacob's 
Dream," " The Angel Liberating Peter from 
Prison," " The Dead Man Restored to Life 
by Elijah," " The Angel Uriel in the Sun," 
" Anne Page and Slender," and " Bclshazzar's 
Feast," which, though left unfinished, is no in- 
adequate monument to the genius of this 
great painter. His works exhibit a power- 
ful imagination ; and his skill as a colorist 
earned him the title of the " American Titian." 
The execution of his pictures was marked bv 
a rare combination of strength, freedom, anil 
grace. Besides his poems, which are much 
esteemed, he pub. "Monaldi," a prose tale, 
1841, and "Lectures on Art and Poems," 
18.W. 

AUston, Col. 'W.m., Revol. soldier, b. 
1757; d. Charleston, S.C, June 26, 1839. 
He was a capt. under Marion, was afterward 
a successful planter and a large slaveholder, 
and many years a member of the S.C. Senate. 
He m. a dau. of Uebecca Motte. 

Allyn, Joiix, D.D. (H.U. 1813), p.nstor of 
the I'liiig. Church, Duxburv, Ms., from Dec. 
3, 1788. till his death. B.'Barnsialilc, JIar. 
21, 1767 ; d. Duxbury, July 19, 1S33. H.U. 
1785. He studied theology with Dr Samuel 
West. He puh. " The Christian Moniior," 
" Memoirs of Dr. West aud of Rev. David 
Barnes," and occasional sermons. A memoir 
by his son-in-law, C. Francis, is in Ms. Hist. 
Coll. iii. vol. 5. llis son RtiFus Br.\dford, 
b. Mar. 27, 1793; d. Belfast, Me., Jan. 25, 1857. 
H. U. 1810. Was a disting. lawverandschol- 
lar of Belfast. 

Alma-g^O (iil-mii-gro), Diego, one of tho 
Spanish coniiuciors of Peru, b. ah. 1463; d. 
July, 1538. His dilij^nce and pcrsevcrauce 



in forwarding snpplics to Pizarro, in spite of 
formidable ohsuiclcs, were of the utmost im- 
portance to the success of his great enterprise. 
In 1535, he took Cuzco, the ancient capital of 
the Incas, by storm. His harbariiv to the mon- 
arch, Alahualpa. whom he put lo d'cath with ex- 
treme cruelty, and his profligacv, have handed 
down his name to the execration of posieritv, 
notwithstanding his valor. Quarrelling wirh 
his companions about the division of spoil aHS 
power, Alinagro was defeated, made prisoner 
by Pizarro, and strangleil. The friends of iho 
father, rallying round the son, assassinated 
Pizarro, July 26, 1541, and were themselves 
executed by order of the Viceroy of- Peru in 
1542. Almagro's frank and winning manners 
made him very popular with the soldiers. 

Almon, John, an English political writer 
and publisher, b. Liverpool, 1738; d. 1805. 
He was apprenticed to a bookseller; went to 
sea in 1759 ; afterward settled in London. He 
pub. an edition of "Junius," and atlcnipled to 
prove Hugh Boyd its author. A man of 
strong sympathies and liberal ideas, he jdaced 
his pen andjiressat the service of .John Wilkes, 
whose "North Briton " he published. He also 
pub. "The Hcmembrancer," in 17 vols.,agreat 
magazine of information on the war of the 
Ainer. Revol. In 1777, he added a vol. of 
"Prior Documents" to this work. He also 
■wrote several party pamphlets during the Am- 
erican war. The first regular publication of 
parliamentary debates was begun hv him in 
1774.^^ He also pub. "Anecdotes of Lord Chat- 
ham," and "Biographical Anecdotes of Emi- 
nent Pcr.sons." 

Almonte (Sl-mon'-ta), Jl-an Nepomu- 
CExo, Mexican gen. and statesman, b. V'alla- 
dolid, Mexico, 1804 ; d. Paris, .Mar. 20, 1869. 
Reputed son of the priest and partisan chief, 
Morelos. Receiving a superior education in 
the U.S., he early disting. himself by his 
talents and courage. In the Texan war of 
1836, he served under Santa Ana; aud the 
records of the massacre of the Alamo were 
chiefly made up from his journal. Disting. at 
tho battle of San Jacinto, and made miiiister 
of war by Pros. Bustaniente. He displavcd 
great courage in quelling the insiirrection"of 
Urrea in 1840 ; but was deprived of his office 
by the revol. of that year, and supported him- 
self by scientific lectures in thccitv of Mexico. 
Afterward ambassador to the U. S., be de- 
inanded his passports upon the annexation of 
Texas, and, in the war which followed, was 
disting. in the battles of Bucna Vista, Cerro 
Gordo, and Churubusco. He was rc-apii. 
minister to the U. S. in 18.53 ani to the court 
of St. James in 1856. He returned to Mexico 
with the allied exped. in 1862, holding, for a 
brief period, the sii|)reme power there ; and 
was afterward one of the triumvirate for the 
management of Mexican affairs, having charge 
of finances and the foreign dept. ; made "a 
marshal of the empire in 1864 by Maximilian, 
on whose fall he bicame an exile in Europe. 

Almy, John J., commodore, U.S.N., b. 
R.L, Anr. 25, 1S14 ; midshipm. Feb. 2, 1829; 
lieut. .^lar. 8, 1S41 ; com. Apr. 24. 1861 ; 
capt. Mar. 3, ISG5; coniino. Dec. 30, 1869; 
attached to " The Ohio," and present at 'V'era 



AJL.M. 



23 



Axrv 



Crnz and Tuspan, Mexican war ; coast su^^cy 
I85T-7 com "The Fulton" at Nicaragua 
in 1837'when Walker ami his filibusters sur- 
endcred to her, and i",tl.e Para^uavexpc^. 
1858-9; com. steamer "bouth ^ '>>"';'• „,'';.'V 
block squad , 18G2 ; com. steamer LonmUi- 
cu, '-■ 1863-*. and captured several va;>|ab e 
m-i/.es • and in ISfiS com. the " Juniata, b-A. 
biock. s.,,.ad. Chief signal-officer ot the navy. 

~iimy?\V.LL..vM. pbijanthropist of Prov- 
idoT^c 14 I., b. Feb. 17, 1761 ; d. I'eh. 5, 8.i6. 

e hcIou,cd .0 the 'O-f >' "^ F^";'^' ?tlo'es 
a teacl.c/; marryins the only dan. of Mo»ls 
Brown he cnfrased in business w.th her bro. 
Obadiah in manufacturing cotton !,'Oods, and 
became wealthy. Among his chant.es « as 
tireudowmenf of the N. E, Yearly Mee ing 
Boarding School, at Providence, in wl"y; »; 
paid the expenses of the education of eighty 
youn.; persons placed thereby him. 

Alsop, UeokGE, author of "A Cha.acter 
ofX lV,vii.ee of Maryland," Lond., 16b6, 
Reprinted bv Wm. Gowans, N.Y., 1869. ANop 
was b 1638 ; was an ai.pientice in Lond., miU 
resided in Marvlan.l in 1658-62 : of Ins sufce- 
quent career nothing is known. Hi, ti. ct 
was desi-ncd to stimulate emigration to Md., 
Tiid ilerives its chief value from its " Uelat.on 
of ihe SuMpiehanna Indians." 

Alsop, John, member of the Contnienfl 
Cot^rtsF'i.i 1774-6, b. Middletown, Ct. ; d 
Ncw'Jown L.I., Nov. 2-.', 1794. An opulent 
merchant; his ability, patriotism, »"«1 '""j;;';'/!' 
secured hisel.'ction to that remarkable body. 
On the ..ccupation of N. Y by the Hritisli, he 
withdrew to Middletown, Ct., returning alter 
the peace. His dan. Mary m. rv>'f»» K>"?- 

Alsop, Kicii.vKD, poet and w u, b. Mudle- 
tovni, Ci. Jan. 23, 1761 ; d. Flatbush, L.I., 
Au.'. 29, 1815. He was brought up a mer- 
chant, but preferred literary pursuits ; lor which 
he was fitted both by his talents and a tarn 
menis. He is best known by his pn uipal 
"Ce in the "Echo," -a -n«s o burles.iue 
pieces, begun in 1791, and ended >" ISO-'--'^ « 
character of which underwent a change, ton 
a mirth-provoking essay to a bitter po hue 1 
satire directed against the Democ. pait>. 
Dwi-ht, Hopkins, and others, known a- the 
" H^utford Wits," were joined in the anthor- 
shii. This, with other poems, was repub. in 
1807 In 18U0, he pub. in heroic verse a 
"Monody on the Dealh f Washington, and 
in 1808 'The Knehanted Lake ol the F.. ry 
Morgana." Besides a number of tugitive 
pi.ces in prose and verse, he pub. m 1808 
l.-riio Nalural and Civil 1 j^wrv of Chdi, 
from the Italian of Molina and in 1815 a 
narrative of the captivity ot John «• J^^^"- 
He was fond of field-sports and natural hr-iorj . 
His voungest bio., Jons, also a poet, b 1 cb. 
5 17'76: d. Nov. 1, 1841. He prac ised law 
ai New London ; and was afterward a book- 
seller at Hartlbrd and N.Y.—S- «x.ch«<»s m 
Ei; n-sl'i I'mIs of a., and Dm/rhnck. 

Alston, P..n..i- Wn.TMKL, rector of Cal- 
varv C:hurch. Memphis, Icnn. A ^o!. ot ins 
lermon-. with Memoir by Bishop Oicy, was 

'"'aIsS W^LLfs^col. of the Halifax dist. 



in 1776 ; member of the H. of Commons, 
1791-2- M. C. 1799-lSU.i. His son Wii.Lis, 
iun., b. Halifax Co., N C. : d. tbeje Apr. 
10, 1837 ; member State leg.sl. in 1-94 and 
subsequently; M. C. 180.;i-15 «".d '"5-31 
chairman of the Committee ot Ways and 
Means in the War on8l2. 

Alvarado (iil-va-ra'-do), Alonzo t>e one 
of the Si.anish conquerors ol Mexico, and atter- 
ward ot Peru; held a high command under- 
Vijarro. Sent with 500 men to re-enlorce the 
bros. of Pi/.arro, he was defeated and made 
prisoner by Almagro in 1 537. Alter .',e dea h 
ofPizarro, hetookarms against Almagio tiu. 
voun-er, and joined liis force to that ot J)e 
"Castro (154-') He was licnt-gen. ot the army 
which sn,,,n-esscd the rebeliion of Uonzalo Pi- 

"""AlvaradO, Pkduo de, one of the con- 
nu^orTl.f Spanish Ame,-., b. at Badajos: d. 
l"tl 111 1518, he saile.l with his tour bn.s. for 
Cuba, whence he accomiianied Gnja 11a on 
his exploring expcd. along the coast. In Feb. 
1519, he accompanied Cortes in Ins ^F'! - '" 
which he took an important part: Ictt b/ 
Cortes in charge of the city ot .Mexico h.3 
crueltv and rapacity caused an '>'?'"' ^,^^"on 
and he narrowly escaped with his li e. li the 
famous retreat of the night ot July 1, lo 0, 
Alvarado again distiiig. Inmselt bv his ex- 
ploits; in commemoration of wl"^'l. »° 
enormous ditch, over which he leaped to 
escape the enemy, is called to this da> U 
sJo de Ahamdo." On Ills- return 'o bP-^'". 
Charles V. made him gov. of Guatemala. Ho 
m a dan. of the illustrious Albuquerque: 
snbseqnentlv he had violent contests with 
I'izai-ro; but the emperor aiipointed him gov 
of Honduras, as well as of Guatemala. He 
made manv discoveries on the Calilornm coast 
and continued to colonize and exjilore the 
Amer. Continent until 1541 ; when he was 
killed in a skirmish with the Indians. 

Alvarez (iil'-va-reth), .l^'^"f.'\«"°/,1',; 

Spanish adventurer, b. Seville, laU , d. lob4. 
At the age of 14, he joined the Mexican armv , 
but was expelled for misconduct, and trans- 
ported to the Philippines ; escaping tl'encts he 
went to Peru, and acquired a for une, with 
which he established hospitals in Mexu-o and 
other cities of New Spain. These liosp.tals 
were supporte.l by the charitable socie y ot St. 
Hvppol tas. which he founded and endowed. 

Alvarez, -H-ax, leader of the Mexican 
revol. of 1 855, b. 1 790. His energyand cour- 
age, as well as his repnb P'-'.'"^'!'!'-'*. '>"<l 
p?e;-ioiislv made him popular in Southern 
Mexico. ■ lie ended the dictatorship ot San a 
Ana bv the dc. is.ve battle at Salti lo, July 22-- 
3 1855 The ■• Plan of Ayutla," promulged 
bV Alvarez, Mar. 1, 1854 announced the dep- 
osition of Santa Aiia, and proposed repub 
principles. Proclaimed pres. by the assemb^v 
StCuei-navaca,0ct.4. 1855, Nov. 15, he en- 
tei-e.l the city of Mexico, escorted by his In- 
dian budv--';iard, whoso barbarian appearance 
ex "ted -the apprehen>ions of the citizens 
Dissensions in 'the cabinet, and the opposition 
of the nrmv and the clergy, caused In the 
aboiion of their aneient If vile.'es .ndneed 
Alvarez to resign, Dec. 8. He p aced Comon- 



AX.V 24 

fori, his minister of war, in power; took $200,- 
000 from llie treasury, and such arms and mu- 
nitions as lie could seize, and returned with 
Ills Indians to their liomes in Soutliern iMex- 



.ajvce: 



Alvord, BiiN-jAMis, brev. brig.-Kcn. U.S. 
A., I). Rutland, Vt., Au^. 18, 1813. West 
I'oint, IS.i,). Euturin',Mlie4th Inf., heservcdiii 
the .Seminole war in 1 8.)->-(; ; was assi.-t. prof, 
ol mutlK-matics at \Vi»t I'uint in 1S37 ; and 
until 18.)y was assist, prof, of initural and ex- 
perimental j.hilosopliy. In the Mexican war, 
he won the brevets of eapt. ami niaj. lor gal- 
lantry at I'alo Alto, Uesaea de la I'alma, and 
other enKajfements. Junea2, 18.'>4, he beearno 
nayni. with rank of maj , and April 15, I8G2, 
biig.-Kcn., and was [.ut in cominan.l of the 
dist. of Oregon. Chief paym. di,t. of Omaha 
and >ebr. Mrice ilav i>5, 1867. Bicv. bri".- 
gen. U.S.A., Apr. 9.'l8(i.5; A.M. of U. of Vt. 
18o4. Author of numerous seicntilic papers, 
essays, and re\ lews. — Cn/lnm. 

Alzate y Ramirez (ii:-thr-te o ra-mO'- 

reth), Josi; A.vrusio, Mexican scieniific writ- 
er, b. Mexico; d. ah. 1795. A correspondent 
ot the Acad, of Sciences, Paris; he pub. the 
GaccUi de /.ilmitiint, also an essay siir la limile 
dcs }i,i;ii:i ihi-pelmltfs in mlain I'oi-ocatexcll. 

Ames, Adkluert, Liev. inaj.-fren. U.S.A., 
1). .\1.'. West Point, ISlil. 1st lieut. 5th Art. 
Miiy 14, 1861; brev. maj. July 21, 1861, for 
liull Kun ; brev. lieut.-col. for Malvern Ilill 
July I, 1862; col. 20th Me. Vols. Auir "'o' 
1862; biig.-gcn. U.S. Vols. May 20, U6:i, for 
Chaneellursville; brev. col. Julv 1, 186.), for 
Gettysburg; com. div. or brigade 18th Corps 
ill the ojicrations before Petersburg, and en- 
gaged at Port Walthall Junction, Mav 7, and 
Cold Harbor, June 1, 1864; cajit. 5th Art. 
June U, 1864; com. div. lOtli Corps, Oct. 10 
to Dec. 2, 1864, in actions of Darhvtown, Oct. 
13 and 27 ; com. div. 24tli Corps inassault and 
capture of Fort Fisher, and in operations in 
A. C.Jan .-Apr. 1865, for which brev. maj.-^en 
vols, and brig. -gen. U.S.A. ; com. div. loth 
Corps A pr.-May, 1865; lieut.col. 24th Inf 
July 28, 1866. U.S. senator from Mpi. 1871. 
— CuIIhiii. 

Ames, EowAitD B., hisliop of the ME 
Church, b. Athens, O., .Mav 20, 1806. His 
gran<lfather was a chaplain at Vallev For.'e. 
Edward was educated in the Ohm U'; was an 
instructor in McKendrceColl. in 1823-9; was 
licensed to preach in 1830; was soon after as- 
signed to the Ind. conference, and old. den- 
con and elder. He took part in the general 
conference at Baltimore in 1840, when he was 
elected corresponding sec. of the missionarv 
societv and travelled in its behulf through 
the Wsstern States and among the Indian 
tribes — a distance in all of over 25,000 miles. 
In 1842, he officiated as chaplain to a council 
of Choctaws. From 1844 to 1852, when he 
was made a bishop, he travelled as presiding 
elder through various districts of Ind. A 
resident of Baltfmore since 1861. 

Ames, FisiiKR, l.L.l). (\.I. Coll. 1796), 
orator and statesman, b. Dcdham, Ms., Apr. 
9, 1758; d. there July 4, 1808. 11. u''l774. 
Son of Dr. Nathaniel.' His precocitv is indi- 
cated by his having entered college at the age of 



12. The poverty of his widowed mother coni- 
pelle.1 linn to teach school for a support until 
1-81 when he began to practise law, and soon 
displayed lirilliant oratorical powers. His 
great abilities first became known bv his polit- 
ical writings in the Boston newspapers under 
the signatures ol " Brutus " and " Camillus." 
In the convention which ralilied the U.S. Con- 
stitution, he was a disting. speaker, especiallv on 
the sulyect ol biennial elections. In ihc legisl. 
of 1788, he was so conspicuous for oratorvlind 
business-talent, that he was elected to 'Con- 
gress foi; the Suffolk di.,t.over Samuel Adams. 
He continued in that body during the whole 
ol W ashiiigton's administration (1789-97) of 
which he was the zealous defender. His great 
speech on the British treatv, Apr. 28 1795 is 
considered the era of hh political lile'. At'its 
clo,se, a menilKr in opposition moved to post- 
pone the decision of the question, that they 
might not vote under the influence of a sen- 
sibility w-liich their calm judgment might con- 
demn. He was acknowledged to be the most 
eioqiient debater in the house, and was the 
author ol the address of that bodv to Wash- 
ington on his retirement from the 'Presidencv 
He was several years a member of the counc'ii 
of Ms., and, while in that bodv, delivered a 
eulogy upon Washington belbrc the State 
legisl. Chosen prcs. of il. Coll. in 1804, but 
declined. He wrote a number of essays on 
the trench Kevol., the character and tendencies 
of which inspired him with honor. The con- 
versation of Mr. Ames was instructive and de- 
lightful, and his character one of amiable sim- 
pliciiy and moral puritv. His writings with 
a memoir liy Dr. Kirkland, were imb in 1809 
m one vol. 8vo, and an enlarged edition in 2 
vols. 1111854, edited by his son, Seth Ames, 
judge JIs. Sup. Court. 

Ames, JosEfii, b. Roxburv, N.H. Has 
painted many portraits in B, st'on and Balti- 
more. Among them are " Pius IX " " Gaz- 
zan.ga," '^President Felton," and •• Death of 
Webster: he has also produced "Maud 
Muller, and the "Old Stone Pitcher.' — 
1 ncKrnnan. 

Ames, Nathaniel, phvsician and mathe- 
matician, b. Bridgewatcr, Ms., 1708- d Dcd- 
ham, July U, 1764. He inherited a taste for 
astronomy from his father, Nathaniel (1677- 
1736), and from 1725 till his death pub. his 
anions almanacs. They were continued until 
l'..j by his son Nathaniel. Removing to 
l^edham, where he kept a house of pulilic en- 
tertainment, he m., in 1735, Marv Fisher by 
whom he had Fisuer the celebrated orator, and 
Natlianiel (1741-1822), H.U. 1761, also a 
physician, and a surgeon in the Hevol. aimv 
I •^°?,®^' ^'y"-^>"f;L, seaman and author, 
b. Dedham, Ms.; d. Providence, IM., Jan. 18 
18.'ia. He was the son of Fisher Ames, uud 
author of " Mariner's Sketches," 1830. " Nau- 
tical Kcminisccnces," 1832, and "An Old Sail- 
or s 1 arns." 

Ames, Nathan P., n skilful manufacturer 
of cannon swonis, cutlery, &<•., at Chicopeo 
FalsandCanotville, Ms., b. 1803; d. Caiiot- 
villc Apr. 23, 1847. He commenced the cut- 
ItTv busmessMn 1 829. In 1 834, the Ames mau- 
utacturiug Co. was iucorporated, with N. P. 



AJVtH 



25 



AJSTD 



Aincs as a^ent. This company has supplied 
the U. S. Government with swords since 1831. 
In 1840, lie vi^iled Europe to inspect foreign 
armories, and acquire information in regard to 
tools, cutlery, and improvements inarms. In 
1836, llie lironze foundry was erected, which has 
become the most famous in the U S. : since 
i:s erection, nearly all the bra.ss guns made for 
the Amer. army have been cast at this estab- 
li^hlnL■nt. Here the celebrated statues of De 
Witt Clinton in Greenwood Cemetery, Brook- 
lyn, Washington in Union square, N.Y., and 
that of Franklin in School St., Boston, were 
cast. In 18.')4, the British Government ordered 
of this company a complete set of the machines 
for perfecting the stock of the musket. They 
are now in use at the government armory near 
Woolwich, Ijug. 

Amherst, Jeffret, baron, a celebrated 
British gen., b. Kent, Eng., Jan. 29, 1717 ; d. 
Aug. 3, 1797. He was page to the Duke of 
Dorset while lord licut. of Ireland; became an 
ensign in the army in 1731 ; was aide to Lord 
Ligonier at Dettingen, Fontenoy, and Itou- 
coux, and afterward to the Duke of Cnraher- 
land at LatFeldt. Made maj-gen. in 1756, in 
17.53 he was given the command of the exjied. 
against Louishing. Landing June 8, a lodge- 
ment was etl'ecu'd .Inly 26, and the place sur- 
rendered, as did also St. John's and other 
French strongholds. App. commander-in- 
chief Se]it. 30, 17.58, the sui render of Quebec to 
Wolfe's forces, alld that of Fort Niagara to 
Townshend and Johnson, was followed by that 
of Crown Point (July 26), and that of 'I'icon- 
deroga (Aug. 4, 1739), to Amherst in person. 
Obtaining the naval supremacy on Lake Cham- 
plain, Fort Nevis and Isle Au.\ Noix fell into 
his hands; and Sept. 8, 1760, Montreal and 
the whole of Canada became a British posses- 
sion. He was rewarded with the thanks of 
parliament and the insignia of the Bath; was 
made gov. of Virginia in 1763, and of Guern- 
sey in 1771, created a baron in 1776, com- 
mander-in-chief of the forces from 1778 until 
1795, and field-marshal in July, 1796. His 
bro. William, iieut.-gen., col. 32d Foot, and 
gov. of St. John's, Newfoundland, d. May 13, 
1781. He was aide-de-camp to his bro. in 
Amer., and was at the capture of Louisburg. 

Amidas, Philip, navigator, b. Hull, 1.550; 
d. Eng. 1618. He com. one of the two ships 
fitted out by Raleigh, under Arthur Barlow, 
and sent to North Amer. 27 Apr. 1584. En- 
tering Ocracoek Inlet, 13 July, they landed 
on XVocoken Island, of which they on their 
return gave glowing accounts. Reaching Eng. 
in Sept., their discoveries were made known by 
Raleigh to Queen Elizabeth, who called the new 
country Virginia. Amidas had charge of an 
cxpcd. to Newfoundland some years after. 

Ammen, Daxikl, Capt. (j. S. N., b. O., 

Julv 7, 1819. Midshipman, Julv 7, 1836; lieut. 
Kov. 4, 1849; capt. July 23, 1866. Attiichcd 
to the coast-survey, 1848-62 ; com. steamer 
" Seneca," S. A. B. squad, at the battle of Port 
Royal, Nov. 7, 1861 ; at Tyhee Island; com. 
monitor " Patapsco," S. A. B. squad, at Fort 
Me.Vllister, Mar. 18S3; attack on Fort Sumter, 
Apr. 7, 1863; suppressed a mutiny while on 
board the Calif, steamer "Ocean Queen," bound 



to Aspinwall, in May, 1864 ; com. steamsloop 
" Mohican," N. A. B. squad, in both attacks on 
F'ort Fisher ; chief of bureau of yards and 
docks, 1869. — W(i»ier>/y. 

Ammen, J.^cob, brig.-tren. Vols. b. Bote- 
tourt Co., ya , Jan. 7, 1808. West Point, 
1831. Entel•^lg the 1st Artillery, he was for 
some years an instructor at West Point, and 
resigned in Nov. 1837. He was prof, of math- 
ematics successively in Bacon Coll., George- 
town, Ky., Jeff. Cofl., Mpi., the U. of Ind., and 
JetF. Coli. again. In 1861. he became col. 24th 
0. Vols., and July 16, 1862, brig -gen. for ser- 
vices at i?ittsburg Landing. From Apr. 1864, 
until after the battle of Nashville, he com. the 
4th Div. 23d Corps at Kno.xville. Resigned, 
Jan. 14, 1863. 

Ampudia (am-poo'-de-a), Pedro de, a 
Mexican gen., promoted by Santa Aiia, in 
1840, to that rank ; in 1842, led a party under 
Gen. Woll to attack the Texan frontier ; took 
a prominent part in the conflicts at Loredo and 
Mier with the Texans, and in Dec. 1842, com. 
at the siege of Campcachy in Yucatan. Com- 
pelled to retreat by Commodore Moore on the 
night of June 26, 1843, Ampudia proceeded 
to Tabasco, wlu're, in the summer of 1844, he 
aroused great indignation by his cruel execu- 
tion of Gen. .ScntnuiUiit, who had attacked that 
town. Ampudia was removed, but Apr. 11, 
1846, appeanil before iMatamoras, as gen. in the 
Jle-xican army, under Arista. Intrusted with 
the command at the siege of Monterey, he was, 
after a spirited defence, compelled to sin-render 
that city to Gen. Taylor, Sept. 24, 1846. 

Anburey, Thojus, author of " Travels 
in America," 2 vols. 8vo, Lond., 1789, was a 
capt. in the army of Gen. Burgoyne, whose 
conduct in the campaign of 1777 he attempts 
to vindicate, and returned to Eng. soon after 
the capture of Cornwallis. 

Anchieta (iin-she-ii'-til), Jose, a Portu- 
guese Jesuit, surnamed " the Apostle of the 
New World," b. Tenuriffe, 15.33 ; d. near Espi- 
ritu Santo, June 9, 1597. He was arelativeof 
Loyola, and was stationed at Coimbra. Sent 
in 1553 to Brazil, he founded there the first 
college for the conversion of the natives. App. 
gov. of the converted Indians, he contrib. 
with them to the foundation of St. Sebastian. 
Both I he I'ortuguese and the savages ascribed 
to Father Anchieta the working of miracles. 
Of his many writings, one, on " The Natural 
Productions of Brazil," was pub. by the Acad, 
of Sciences at Madrid. 

Anderson, Alexander, the first wood- 
engiavcriu Amer. (1798), I). N. Y. City, 1774; 
d. Jersey City, Jan. 16, 1870. He was origi- 
nally a physician, having grad. M. D. at Col. 
Coll., N. 'Y. In 1804, 'he pub. "A General 
History of Quadrupeds," with wood-engrav- 
ings. Among his best-known works are 40 il- 
lustrations of Sliiiksjieare, and tliose in Web- 
ster's Spciliiig-liDok.' Mr. B. J. Lossing pre- 
pared a, nicmriri:il hctiire of this pioneer en- 
graver. — .s'«. /tiiiper's Wi-ekhi, Fell. 5, 1870. 

Anderson, (ii:o. B., gon'. C. S. A., b. Wil- 
mington, N.C., 1831 ; d. Raleigh, N.C., Oct, 
16, 1S62. West Point, 1852. Entering the 2d 
Dragoons, he became 1st lieut. Dec. l.'j, 1855, 
adjt. Aug. 1857, but resigned, Apr. 25, 1861, 



AND 



26 



ANX> 



anil was maJe a biig.-Ken. in the rvbcl army. 
He tonimaiidea the N. C. coast-defences in 
Nov. 1861, ana led a brigade at the battle of 
Antictani, where he received a wound in the 
loot, w hkh caused his death. t t i-» 

Anderson, Dk. Ukxrv J*,me9, y^]^- 
(ISjO), I). 17as. I'rof. matlieinatics Col. Loll., 
NY 18^5-43; limeiitus prof. 1860. Col. 
Coll.' 1818. M.D. Coll. Thy. and S. 1824. 
Author of " Geolosy of Lieut. Lynch s Lxpcd. 
to the Dead Sea," " Geological Keconnoissance 
of jiavt of the Holy Land." 1848; pub. by the 
U. S. Clovcrunient. 

Anderson, Hf on J., lawyer. 1) Me. 1801. 
Clcik W aldo Co. courts 1827-37 ; M- C. 18J-- 
41 • .'ov of Me. 1844-7 ; coinini.^sioner of 
cus'tonis in Washington 1853-8; app. 6th au- 
ditor U. S. tieas. Oct. 1866. 

Anderson, Uxxc, D.D., clergyman and 
pioucci- preacher in the West ; b. Kockbridge 
Co Va.. Mar. 26. 1780; d. Kocklbrd, Tenn.. 
Jan' 28, 1857. At the age of 7. he had read 
the easier Latin authors. At 14, lie entered 
Liberty Hall Acad., afterwards \V asliingtoii 
Coll.. and, after leaving the academy, stu<licd 
theolo-y. Keinoving with his IuiIkt s laiuily 
to Uufon, Tenn., he was in 1802 licen>ed to 
preach bv the Union Presbytery ; preached 
there 9 years, and in 1811 became pastor ot 
a church in Maryville, where he established 
the soinh-wcst Theol. Sera.— Siiraijue. 

Anderson, James, first Piesb. minister 
of N Y 1>. Scotland, Nov. 17, 1678; d. Done- 
eal Pa," July 16, 1740. He was ord. by Ir- 
vine Piesbvterv, Nov. 17, 1708, with a view to 
his settlement in Va., where he arrived in 
Apr 1709, but settled at Newcastle, Del , un- 
til in Oct. 1717, he took charge of the diuich 
forming in N. Y'. Citv. A division took place 
in 1720 ; and in Aug.' 1727, ho was installed lu 
■ Donegal Pa. His bio. John of Perth An.boy 
was made in 1712 one of the council of the 
pioviiue, and d. Mar. 1736, a. 73, pres. of the 
council. „ , • • 1 . 

Anderson, J.vmes, M. D., physician ; d. at 
his ^eat near CiRsiertown, Md., Dec. 8, 1820 a. 
68, Commencing liis medical sm.lies under his 
father, a physician from S.otlaii.l, he contin- 
ued them at'Phila. and at Eainbuigh, but was 
obli'c.l to return home before taking a degree. 
For^inoie than 30 years he enjoyed a most ex- 
tensive practice, which his iulirmities coin- 
pellc<l him, when at the age of 60, to reliiuiuish. 
lie was a •zealous disciple of Wesley, and was 
c.xccedinglv liberal and benevolent. — i_''<''--''f • 
Anderson, J.vmes Patton, gen. C. b. A., 
b iMpi He was lieut.-col. commanding ot 
batt. of Mpi. Hide Vols, in Mexican war. He 
com. a brigade in the 2d corps of the rebel 
armv at Shiloh and at Stone Uiver ; was highly 
com'mended lor valor and ability. 

Anderson, Jons, lawyer and politician, 
b. Cumbciland, Me., 1792; d. Aug. 21. 18.>3. 
Bowd. Coll. 1813. He studied law with Ste- 
phen Longfellow, anil was adin. to the bar in 
1816. Member of the Jle. senate in 1824 ; 
M C. 1825-.i3 ; mavor of Portland in 1833 and 
42 ; coll. customs at P. 1837-41 and 1843-8. 
Ac'iively instrumental in securing the construc- 
tion of the Atlantic and St. Lawrence K.K. 
U.S. disc. atty. for Me. 1833-7. 



Anderson, John Wallacb, M. D., phy- 
sician b. Hagerstown, Md. 1802; d. Liberia, 
Apr 1-' 18.30. M. D. Phila. Coll. 1828. Son 
of Col.'Kichard, a Hcvol. officer. He ].iac- 
tised medicine at Hagerstown, but in Jan. 
1830 sailed to Lilieria to promote the cause of 
temperance there, and died of fever soon after 
his arrival. , 

Anderson, Joseph, statesman, and Revel, 
soldier, b. N. J.rscv. Nov. 5, 1757 ; d. \\ ash- 
in.'ton, Apr. 17, 1837. Uc received a good 
ed'ucation ; studied law ; was app. an ensign 
in the N. J. line in 1775 ; fought at Monmouth 
as a capt.; was in 1779 in the cxped. of Sulli- 
van against the Six Nations ; in 1780 was at 
Vallev Forge; in 1781 at the siege of iork; 
and alter the war received the brevet ot raaj. 
He practised law in Del.; was in 1791 app. by 
AVashiii"ioii jud^'C of the territory south ot 
the Ohio Kivcr, and remained in that position 
until the constitution of Tenn. was formed, and 
in which he assisted ; and was an inrtuential 
member of the U. S. Senate from Tenn. Irom 
1797 to 1815, serving upon many im|iortant 
committees, and acting on two occasions as 
pres . pro ttm)H>ri- of the Senate. From 1 8 1 a to 
18.36, he was first comptroller of the U. b. 
treasnrv. — Liniuuii. 

Anderson, Mks. Oi-uelia Brown, ac- 
tress b. Boston, Julv 24, 1813; d. Jamaica 
Plain, Roxburv, Ms.,"Jan. 27 1852. Dau. of 
Mrs. Pelbv ; made her debut at the \\ asliing- 
ton Garden Theatre, Boston, in 1815. as Ci> 
ra's child in " Pizarro." Afterward apjwarea 
at the Tremont Theatre, while it was under 
her father's management; and. after he took 
the National, she was for many years the chief 
attraction there. She was a superior actress 
and a great favorite. She first appeared at the 
Chestnut-st. Theatre. Phila., Sept. 7, 1840, as 
Julia in •■ The Duke's Bride." „ , „ , 
Anderson, Col. Richakd, Revol. officer, 
d. Phila., June 22, 1835, a. 84. App. caj-t. 4th 
Md. re.'t. Nov. 15. 1777. he fought at German- 
town, and was wounded at the battle of Cow- 

^^Anderson, Ricuard Ci.ocGit, Jan., law- 
yer and pi.liii.ian. b. Louisville, Ivv., Aug. 4, 
1788- d.Tubaeo, Julv 24, 1826. Wm.andM. 
Coll 1804. SonofR.C., a Revol. soldier, who 
d. Nov. 6, 1826, by a sister of Gen. George 
Rogers Clarke. He studied law under Judge 
Tucker, and practised with distinction "' I^>u- 
isville. Member of the Ky. legisl. ; M. C. 
1817-''! ; again a member and speaker ot tiie 
Icisrin 1822; minister to Colombia in 1823, 
and envov extraordinary to the Panama Con- 
gress in 1826, but died while on the way there. 

Anderson, RicnAitij "^>'"V. '-"Visro" 

C S A. b. S. C. ah. 1822. West Point, 1842. 
He was hrev. for gallantry at San Augustin, 
Mexico, Aug. 20, 1847, and was acapt. 2d Dra- 
goons, when; Mar. 3, 1861, he resigned atid waa 
made a brig.-gen. Confed. service. ^I•'J•-g«=n• 
in Au" 1862, and com. the 5th div. of Bragg S 
armv \n Tenn. Wounded at Antietam; conL 
a division at Gettysburg. July 4, 1863 ; made 
lieut.-gen. Mav. 1864. June 23, 1864, he made 
a successful at'.aek on Gen. \\ right s division, 
in front of Petersburg; Oct. 7. he attacked and 
routed the U. S. cavalry near New Market . 



AND 



27 



.AJSTD 



and com. the 4th corps of Lee's army, at its Santos, 1765 ; d. 1838. He studied at the U. 
Anl'';=^'i:i-. '*'•'■ ■• T, . . P''L'''i™b>«,Portugal,a„d returned to Bra^i 

Auaerson, Kobeut, ' - — tt „ . 

b..i • ■ ■ - - 

Point. 

"■^ - - ■ :.me m 



Anderson, Kobeut brifr.-gen. U. S A., in 1S19. lie possessed threat courage, ability, 

b..near Lou.sv.lle, Ky June 14, 1803. West and eloquencef and took the lead in makiifo' 

Point IW;). Uis lather was Col. Joseph of Brazil an independent empire in 1822. He wal 

J?°. VV"'-."™,.'- and li's mother a cousin of prime-minister of Brazil for a short time in 

UiieMusiae ilarshall. Entering the aruilery, 1822-^j, and guardian of the emperor's minor 

he was an mstruotor at West Pomt; was brev. children in 1831. He wrote several works ott , 

capt. to. gal lautry m the Honda war, Apr. -2, mining. His hros., Antonio Carlos (d. 1845) 



1838; capt. Oet.-23, 1841 ; brev. m^j.'Sept. 8. ^rilavtinFn^lZis::;:^^ taHiidng'foi 

184-, lor gallantry at Alolnio del 14ey, where talents and clo.iuenee, and held high office 

he was severely wounded; maj. 1st Artillery, under the Brazilian Government. 

■" - " ?}■ ^^"y- '«'^' ; ""J lJ"K--fc'en. Andl-e, John, maj., a British officer, who 



Oct. _ , ^. ^_.. 

Jlay 15, 1801. He was in command at Charles- 
ton harbor when the Kebcllion broke out, and 
translerred his small force to Fort Sumter, 
which he he.d until Apr. 14, when, alter a 
heavy bombardment of two days, be was obliged 
to surrender. Promoted, and assigned to the 
dept. of ihe Cuml)erland, ill hualth caused him 
to withdraw from aeiive duty, lie has trans- 
lated from the French "Instructions for Field 
Artillery " and "Evolutions of Field Batter- 
ies." Brev. maj. -gen. Feb. 3, 1865; retired 
Oct. 27, 1863. D. Nice, Oct. 26, 1871 



suBered as a spy in the lievol. war, b. London, 
1751 ; d. Oct. 2, 1780. His hither, a London 
merchant, and a native of Geneva, d. 1709. 
Alter receiving his education at Geneva, he 
returned lo Loudon before he was 1 8, and en- 
tered a counting-house. His literary taste and 
genius procured him the acquaintance of seve- 
ral of the writers of the day, among whom was 
Anna Seward. Between Audre and this lady's 
cousin, Houora Sueyd, a reciprocal attachment 
sprung up; but their marriage was prevented 
by the girl's hither, anil she became, a few 



Anderson, I ouert U br.g.-gen. C.S.A., years later, the wife of Kiehard Lovell Edge- 

[nf in';';,-, I- I .''"l'',"*^ • ,^'Ti- ^"\^-^.- "•""'>• And,e entered the B.itish army, Jllr, 
inl.,n 18b , killed at the battle olJoncsboro', 4, 1771; visited the couits of Germany in 



Ga.. Sept. 1, 1804. 

Anderson, Kufcs, Con, 



. . ■ l'"--3; and,in Sept. 1774, as liuut. of thelloy- 

T , , <r ,, ,,..--= m'mster, b. al Fusileers, landed at Phila. Taken piisoii- 

Londoiulerry, iN.H., Mar. D. 1705; d. Wenham, cr by Montgomery at St. John's, Nov. 2, 17?^, 

Oct. 22, he was sent to Lancaster, Pa.; but was ex- 



Feb. 



1814. Darim. Coll. 1791. 




and seven letters against the close com- a friend, he said, " I have been taken prisoner 
A 1,"^.", c'^^ ir"'"'./**"^- ~;^'r^"/V , ^y ">« Americans, and stripped of every thing 
Anderson. K^y. lUius, D.D., LL.D., except the picture of Honora, which I con- 

A u",-t-"\i'"';"-M"'°',-.';^:'"^'i/''"!''A";; °'' ''"' '=^"''='1 '" "".v ™0"'h- I'reserving that, I yet 
A.B.C.]-..\l.,b. Mc., 1,96. Bowd. Coll. 1818; think myself fortunate." - ' " " " " 

And. Iheol. Seiu. 1822. Ord. May 10, 1826. 
Lecturer on Foieigu Missions at And. Sera. 
1S07-9. Autlior of OLseivations ii/joti l/ie Pelo- 
ponnesus ami Greek hlaiitls, 12mo, Boston 
18.30; W^lory of the SaiidwicU Islands Mission, 
'?"'' ■' ,f "'■'•''g" Missions, their Relations and 
Claims; " ■ .Memoir of Catharine Brown," 1823. 
Anderson, Samuel, a N. Y. loyalist ; d. 
near Coriiw.ill, Can., Oct. 6, n36, a. 101. At 
the (omiuencement of the llevol., he went to 



This picture he had 
himself delineated on his first acquaintance 
with her, at Buxton, in 1769. In the summer 
ol 1 777, he was app. aide to Gen. Grey, and was 
in the engagements in N.J. and Pa. in 1777. 
On the departure of Grey, he was ajip. aide to 
Sir Henry Clinton, by whom he was, in 1780, 
promoted to the rank of maj., and made adju- 
tant-gen. Selected by his commander to ar- 
range with Arnold the"details of the treasonablo 
surrender of West Point, he had, on his return 



Canada, wa^ a capt. under Sir John Johnson, from that post, passed safely all the American 

and alter the war r,;ceived half pay. He be- posts and guards by means of a pass from Ar- 

canie a magistrate, judge of a district court, nold, when, on the 23d of Sei,t., he was stopped 

and associate justice ot the court of King's by 3 militiamen, whom he sought to bribe' but 

A n';!^^^^^."^' nr r. , ^ . "''''""t success. They found in one of his 

Anderson, William, RcvoI. officer, b. boots, in Arnold's handwriting, exact returns 

f«,o I "■••• •|'"u- ''■'^' d. there Dec. 13, of the state of the forces, store!, ordnance, and 

18-J. lie joined the army early in the strug- defences of West Point, with those of all its 

in' ';,"" «•' '"* ''Tir";?* ",.'■"'"■' P;"'''^'l«>''"Jf tle|«ndencies, with various other kinds of iu- 

in the sutterings ot \ alley Lorge, the battle ot formation necessary to the success of the plan. 

f..rn,,,„,o„„, and the siege of York^^^^^^^ ."« The board of ofHeers composing the court- 
martial, at whose head was Greene, and among 



helil many ijublic trusts"; was a Jetterson 

Democrat; JI.C. from 1809 to 1815, and from 
1817 to 1819; anil in the latter part of his life 
was a judge of Delaware Co. court, and was 
employed in the collection of the customs. Uis 
daughter, Evelina, m. Com. Porter, U.S.N. — 
Umilh's Del. Co. 

Andrada e Sylva (iin-drii'dii a sci'va), 

Bo.Mi A, lo Jose ue, a Brazilian naturalist, b. 



vbom were Lafayette and Steuben, found him 
guilty of being a spy, and sentenced him to 
be hangeil on his own admissions, he hav- 
ing thrown off all disguise, and acknowledged 
every thing. Every effort was made by Sir 
Henry Clinton to procure a remission of the 
verdict, but without avail. When led forth to 
execution, he manifested some emotion at the 



ANT> 



28 



A2«X> 



sight of the gibbet, and exclaimed, " Must I 
die in tljis nmnncr?" and in a moment added, 
" But it will be only a momcmary inuij,', and 
met his fate with dignity and composure. Tlio 
^ympalhv of the American officers was univer- 
sal tor one so young, so gallant, so accom- 
plished, anil so unlbrtunate. Ho contrib. poetry 
to the local newspapers; and it is a singular 
• fact, that" the last canto of his satirical poem, 
"The Cow-Chase," was pub. in liivinritons 
Gazette, in N.Y., on the day of his capture. It 
ends with the following stanza : — 

•■And. now I've closed my epic strain, 
I ireiublffts 1 sliow it. 
Lest this bame warrio-drover A\ aync 
Should ever catch the poet." 
Wavne com. the division of the army at Tap- 
pan", vvlicrc Andre was executed. His memory 
1ki< liocii cmlialmcd in verse by Miss Seward, 
and pLM-iietnatcd by a beautiful monument near 
the " I'oet's Corner " in Westminster Abbey. 
His remains were placed near this monument 
Kov 28, 1821. A pension was settled upon 
his family, and the honor of knighthood was 
conferred upon his brother. Anna ^[arguerltc, 
his last surviving sister, d. in London in 1848 
a. 90. (Lossinii). — See his Life, htj \\ mthrop 

Sai-'ieiil. 8vo, 1861. ,. , 

Andrew, James Osgood, D.D., bishop 
of the M. i:. Church, South, b. Augusta, Ga., 
May 3, i:'J4; d. Mobile, Mar. 2, 1871. His 
father was a Uevol. soldier and a Methodist 
niinister. Entering the S. C. Conference in 
1813 he was ord. deacon in 1814, and bishop 
in 1832 at Phila. His marriage with a lady 
■who owned slaves was one of the causes of the 
division of the church into two independent 
bodies. . , T^ 

Andrew, Jons Albion, LL.D., states- 
man b. Windham, Me., May 31, 1818; d. 
Boston, Oct. 30, 1867. Bowd. Coll. 18.37. 
Kobert his ancestor settled in Rowley, Ms., 
and d. there in 1668. Adm. to the Boston bar 
in 1840, he became especially conspicuous in 
cases arising under the b'ugitivo Slave Act of 
1850; and in 1858, after being 10 years an anti- 
slavery man, was chosen to the legisl. In 1 860, 
he was a member of the conyention which 
nominated Mr. Lincoln to the Presidency, and 
was himself chosen gov. of Ms. by the largest 
popular vote ever cast fur any candidate. An- 
ticipating the conflict with the seceded States, 
he took early stcjis to render the State luditia 
ctiicicnt, and"within a week after the President s 
proclamation of April 15, 1861, desi.anhed five 
regts. of inf., a battalion ot rillenuu, and a 
battery of nrtillcrv, to the assistance of gov- 
ernrae"nt. He was're-elccted by large majorities 
in 1861-4, evinced great executive ability, and 
declined a renomination in 1865, on account 
of impaired health and the pressure of jirivate 
alTairs. During the war. he \vas very active in 
raising troops, aniinatiiig the people by his 
fervid eloquence, and in providing comforts tor 
sick ami wounded soldiers ; freciuently confer- 
ring with the government officers on national 
^t.'.urs He touk part in the conference at Al- 
toonn, Pa., in Sept. 1862, iircpaieil the address 
which thev presented to the President, and was 
one of the most urgent in impressing upon the 
administration the necessity of emancipating 



the slaves, and of accepting the services of col- 
ored troops. Ho declined the presidency of 
Ant. Coll. in 1865. In that year, he presided 
over the first national Unitarian convention, 
and was a leader of its conservative wing. Ho 
was a liowerful debater and an eloquent orator. 
Pres. of the N. K. Hist. Gcneal. Society 1866-7. 
A memoir of his " Olticial Life " by A. G. 
Brown, jun., was ])ub. 1868. 

Andrews, Kthas Ali.ks, LL.D., b. New 
Britain, Ct.,1787; d. there Mar. 25,1858. Y.C. 
ISIU. Ho studied law, and was some years 
engaged in practice. In 1822, he was prof, of 
am lent languages in the V. of N. C. at Chiijiel 
Hill. After this he taught at New Haven, Ct., 
and at Boston, a high .school for young ladies ; 
returning in 1839 to his native town. In con- 
junction with Prof. Solomon Stoddard, he 
pub. a Latin grammar, of which 65 editions 
have been issued. He pub. many other books 
of Latin instruction, the chief of which is the 
large Dictionary on the basis of Freund. 

Andrews,' Bkig.-Gex. George L., b. 
Bridgewater, Ms., 1827. West Point (1st in 
clas.s'y, 1851.' Entering the engineer corps, he 
superintended, under Col. Thayer, the erection 
of fortifications in Boston luirboi. Acting 
assist, prof, of engineering at West Point, 1 8.54 ; 
resigned, Sept. 1, 1855. He was subsequently 
a civil engineer in the employ of the Ainos- 
keag Maiinf. Co. As lieut.-col. and then col. 
2d Ms. regt., he was disting. in all its hard- 
fought engagements, first under Banks in the 
Sh<7nandoah Valley, conducting the reargnard 
in his memorable retreat, at Cedar Mountain, 
in the campaign under Pope, and at Antietam. 
Made hrig.-gen. Nov. 10, 1862, and com. a 
brigade in Banks's cxpcd. and the Port Hudson 
Campaign ; com. the Corps d'AIVique, July, 
1863, to Feb. 13, 1865 ; and, for service at the 
capture of Mobile, brev. niaj.-gen. Vols., Mar. 
26, 1865. App. Apr. 8. 1867, U. S. marshal tor 
Ms. Ajip. prof, of French at West Point, 
Feb. 27, 1871. ^ . , 

Andrews, John. D.D., Epis. clergyman, 
b ne;ir the head of Elk, Cecil Co., Md., Apr. 
4 1746 ; d. Phila., Mar. 29, 1813. Phila. Coll. 
1765. Ord. at London, Feb. 1767. He offici- 
ated in diflTcrent parts of Md., but, not sharing 
in the patriotic sentiments of the day, left his 
parish in Queen Anne Co., for school-teaching 
in Yorktown. Principal of the Phila. Epis. 
Acad 1785-9 ; prof of moral pliilos. U. ot Pa. 
in 1789, vice-provost, 1789-1810 ; and provost 
from Dec. 1810 till his deaili. lie officiated 
some years at St. James's, Bristol. Author of 
" Elements of Logic," and a sermon on the 
parable of the unjust steward. 1789. 

Andrews, Joseph, one of the best line- 
engravers of this country, b. Hingham, Ms., 
Au". 17, 1806 ; was apprenticed to Aliel Bowen 
of Boston in 1821, and in 1836-7 received in- 
struction in London from Goodyear, a leading 
En-Iish engraver. Of his best-known works 
arcT" Annette do I'Arbrc" by West, " Duko 
d'Urbino" by Titian, "Head of Washintr- 
ton " bv Smart, and " Plymouth Kock. 1620, 
by Botliermel. Practises his art in Boston. 

Antirews, Louixo, journalist, d. Charles- 
ton S.C , Oct. 19, 1805. Bro. of Kev. John 
of Ncwburyport (1788-1845; H.U. 1786). He 



a:ntd 



29 



ANG- 



pub. in Boston the Herald of Freedom, after- 
B-aril, at Stockbiidfie, the Western Stitr, and in 
180) cstalilislieJ the Charleston Courier, an able 
political journal. 

Andrews, Stephen Pearl, author, b. 
Ms., ISl-'.- Pub. "Comparison of the Common 
Law with the Uoman, French, &c.," " Phono- 
irapliic Class-books," " Love, Marriage, and 
bivorce," I2mo, "French with or without a 
Master," 12mo, '" True Constitution of Govern- 
iicnt," &e. Contrib. to the London Times and 
Jthcr journals. — Allibone. 

Andrews, Col. Timothy Patrick, U. S. 
,\., Ij. Ireland, 1794; d. Washington, D.C., 
Miir. 1 1 , 1SG8. Ho offered his services to Com. 
Barney, whose flotilla was confronting the cn- 
!mydarin<; the War of 1 SI 2, and was employed 
ts his aiiie. He was subsequently en-rased in 
ictive service in the field, and in 1822 was 
ipp. paymaster in the army. In 1847, he re- 
ligned to take command of the regt. of Volii- 
jeurs raised for the Mexican war. He was 
listing, in the battle of El Molino, and brev. 
I brig. -gen. for gallantry at Chapultepec. 
Kt the close of the war, he was reinstated as 
)aymaster, and in 1851 was made dep. pay- 
naster-gen. On the death of Gen. Larned, he 
luceeedeil him as pavmaster-gen. of the army, 
sept. 6. 1S62. RctiVed Nov. 20, 1864. 

Andrews, W'm. D., inventor of centrifugal 
)unips and oscilUiiingengines, b. Grafton, Ms., 
.818. In 1828, his falherremoved toNeedham, 
vhere he attended the district school. Removed 
N. V. City in 1840, and turned inventor be- 
lause of his connection with a wrecking com- 
)flny ; the pumps then in use becoming choked 
vith sand, &c. His pump was patented in 
84G, was subsequently improved by him, and 
nanuf. by Wm. D. Andrews & Bro. in N. Y. 
y\iy. 

Andros, Sir Eum lxd, a colonial govenior, 
(. Loud., Dec. 6, 16.37 ; d. there Feb. 24, 1714. 
3e was disting. in the war with the Dutch, 
vhich closed in 1GG7. Maj. in Prince Rupert's 
Iragoons in 1672. In 1674, on the death 
pf his fiither, he succeeded him as bailiff of 
Jueriisey. He was gov. of N. Y., where he 
lad i<reviously held a command, from 1674 
o 1681 ; gov.of New England from 1686 to 
689, and of Va. in IG92-8. Knighted by 
>harles II. in 1678. While in N. Y., he was 
(riucipally occupied in passing grants to the 
nbjects, and presiding in the Court of Scs- 
ions. He arrived at Boston, D^-c. 21, 1683. 
lere he interfered with the liberty of the 
>ress, levied enormous taxes without authority, 
ind rcquireil the proprietors of lands to obtain 
rom him new titles at great expense. In Oct. 

687, be demanded at the head of his troops 
he surrender of the charter of Ct. ; but it 
fas concealed in the famous Charter Oak. In 

688, he caused an Indian war by his aggres- 
ions on the Penobscot tribes. Apr. 18, 1689, 
he people of Boston deposed and imprisoneil 
lini. The aMication of James II. prevented 
rouble with the British Government ; but no 
judicial decision was rendered in his case. 
iVhile gov. of Va., he founded Wm. and Mary 
Coll., encouraged manufactures and the cotton 
:ulture, and by these and other commendable 
\au gained the esteem of the people. Charges 



were, however, preferred against iiim by Com 
missary Blair, as an enemy to religion, the 
church, and the college, and he was removed. 
Gov. of Guernsey, 1704-6. His narrative of 
his proceedings in New England was pub. in 
1691, and rcpnb. in 1773. The "Andros 
Tracts," edited by W. H. Whitmoie, were 
pub. by the Prince Soc, Boston, 1868, 2 vols. 
4to. — O'Culhtijhan. 

Andros, R. S. S., poet and author, son 
of Rev. Thos., d. Berkley, Ms., Aug. 1868. 
In early life, he was editor of several newspa- 
pers, and contrib. poems of great beauty to the 
Democ. Kev. Some years dep. -collector of the 
port of Boston, and latterly confidential agent 
of the treas. dept. at the South. Author of the 
" Customs Guide," a standard authority, and 
"Chocorua, and other Sketches," 18.38. 

Andros, Tnos., minister of Berkley, Ms., 
from Mar. 19, 1788, to June 15, 1834, b. Nor- 
wich, Ct., May 1, 1759; d. Dec. 30, 1S45. He 
joined the army at Cambridge in 1775, and 
was in the battles of Long Island an<l White 
Plains, and other engagements. In 1781, he 
enlisted in a N. London privateer, was captured, 
and placed in the Jersey prison-ship at N.Y'., 
but escaped a few months later. He then 
studied theology with Dr. Benedict of Plain- 
field. His last sermon was preached Oct. 5, 
1845, after walking 2 miles to church. He 
pub. some sermons, and a narrative of his im- 
prisonment, and escajje from the Jersey prison- 
ship. 

Ange, Fraxcis, d. 1767, a. 134. He lived 
between Broad Creek and the head of Wico- 
nioco River, Pa.; remembered the death of 
Charles I. ; was in good health at the age of 
130; and his memory and other faculties of 
mind were perfect when he difd. 

Angell, Israel, col. 1st K. I. regt. in the 
Revol., d. Smithfield, R.I., May, 1832, a. 91. 
Maj. of Hitchcock's regt. at the siege of Bos- 
ton ; commissioned col. Jan. 18, 1777,andser^'ed 
through the war ; disting. at Springfield, N.J., 
June 23, 1780. 

Angell, Joseph Kixxicct, legist, b. Prov- 
idence, U.I., Apr. 30, 1794; d. Boston, Mav 1, 
1857. B.U. 1813. Adni. to the bar ab. 1816, 
he went in 1820 to Eng., where he prosecuted, 
without sncce.ss, a claim to a large estate. 
From 1829 to 1831, be edited the Lan- Intelli- 
gencer and Review; was for some years re- 
porter to the Supreme Court of R. I., and 
edi:or ol the earliest vol. of R. I. Reports. In 
connection with Sam'l Ames, he pub. a " Trea- 
tise on Corporations." His other publications 
are, the "Law of Watcrcour.«es," "Law of Tide- 
waters," " Limitations of Actions at Law and 
in Equity and Admiralty," " Law of Carri- 
ers," " Law of Fire and Life Insurance," " A 
Praelical Summary of the Law of Assign- 
ments," " Adverse Enjoyment," 8vo, 1837. His 
" Law of Highways " was eorajileted after his 
death by Thos. Durfee. 

Angers, Real, an eloquent Canadian ad- 
vocate and author, b. 1823 ; d. Apr. 1860. Be- 
sides some poetical essays, he pub. Itifc^la- 
tions du Crime, and a treatise on stenography. 
With M. Aubin, he reported and pub. tha 
Speeches in the Lower House in 1857-60. — 
Morgan. 



AN<3r 



30 



A>rT 



Anghiera (ango-a'™), Pietro Mabtiro 

DE, or Teter Martyr, Italian historian and gc- 
ognipher, b. Aroria, LnliO jMncjiiorc, I4.'i5; d. 
Granada, 1526. Of noble birlh, he was edu- 
cated at Uome, served in 3 eumpiii;.'ns against 
the Moors, and entered the chnreh, but, by de- 
sire of Queen Isubella, opened ii sehool lor the 
education of young noblemen. .Sent in 1501 
on n mission 'from the king to the Sultan of 
Egypt, he visited the Pyramids and other mon- 
uments of antiquity. Miidc prior of the church 
of (irnnada in 1 505, Charles V. afterward pre- 
sented him with a rich abbey. His "History of 
the New World " is the best of the early works 
extant upon that subject. Original materials 
were furnished for it by Columbus, also from 
the minutes of the Council of the Indies ; and 
11 contains a notice of newly-discovered islands. 
Angus, Samcel, capt. U. S. navy, b. 
Phila., 1784; d. Geneva, N.Y., May 29, 1840. 
Kntering the service in 1 799, he was made lieut. 
Feb. 4, 1807 ; mastcr-comniundant, July 24, 
1813; capt. Apr. 27, 1816. Ho was several 
times severely woumlcd, — in the action between 
" The Conslellati(m " and the French frigate 
"La Vengemue," Feb. 1, 1800, and soon af- 
ter in an action between the schooner " Enter- 
prise " and n French lugger; in an attack on 
the English opi.osite Black Kock.in I8I2, aiid 
afterward while commanding the flotilla in 
Delaware Bay. He was selected to carry to 
Europe Messrs. Adams and Clay, Commis- 
sioners to Ghent. Owing to wounds received 
in the service, his mind as well as his health 
became impaired ; and ho was dismissed from 
the navy June 21, 1824. 

Anschutz, Karl, a German musical di- 
rector and composer, b. Coblentz, Germany, 
Feb. 1813 ; d. N. Y. City, Dec. 30, 1870. Ed- 
ucated bv his fifthcr a musical prof., he was, 
until 1843, Royal Musical Director at Cob- 
lentz ; was afterwards a musical conductor in 
London ; came to the U. S. in 1857 ; founded 
the German Opera of N. Y. City in 1862, and 
established a conservatory of music there. 

Anselme, Jacques Bernard Mode8te 
d', a French gen., h. July 22, 1740; d. 1812. 
Son of an officer of the regt. i^olssonnais, in 
which, according to custom, his name was en- 
rolled at the age of 5 years. He liccatne its 
lieut.-eol. July 17, 1777,' and made with it the 
campaigns of' the war of Amer. Independence. 
Made lieut.-gen. May 22, 1792, in the follow- 
ing Sept. he passed' the Var, at the head of 
his corps (Varmie, took Nice and the fortress 
of Jlontalban, and idso the castle of ViUe- 
franehe, defended by a hundred pieces of can- 
non, gaining a complete victory. Defeated at 
Sospcllo, accusation and imprisonment at I'Ah- 
baiie soon followed The revolution of the 9th 
Thermidor (July 27,1794) restored him to lib- 
erty, and he d. in an obscure retreat. — Bioy. 
Univ. Siipjtl. 

Ansorge, Charles, teacher of music, and 
editor of the Ms. Teacher, b. Spiller, Silesia, 
1817 ; d. Chicago, 28 Oct. 1866. He grad. at 
the Collegiate Institute of Breslau, was a teach- 
er and editor, and for his liberal sentiments 
was expatriated bv the government of Prussia ; 
came to Boston iii 1849 ; was 13 years organist 
and chorister of the First Church, Dorchester, 



and 4 years tencherof music in the Asylum for 
the Blind, So. Boston. In 1 863, he removed to 
Chicago, where he was a successful teacher of 
music. He took great interest in education, 
and was a thorough musician. 

Anspach (uns'-pak), Rev. L. A., a magis- 
trate of Ncwloundland, pub. " Summary of the 
Laws of Commerce and Navigation adapted to 
the Island of Newfoundland," Lond., 1809.— 
AUiftonf. 

Antbon, Charles, LL.D., r classical 
scholar, b. N.Y., Nov. 19, 1797 ; d. there July 
29, 1867. (Col. Coll. 1815.) His father. Dr. 
George C. Anihon, a German by birth, ottaincd 
the rank of surgcon-gcn. in the British army, 
in which he served from the commencement of 
the French war until the final surrender of 
Detroit, ab. 1784. He then resigned his com- 
mission, and settled in N.Y. Charles, the 
fourth of his six sons, studied law in the office 
of his bro. John, and in 1819 was adm. to the 
bar. In 1820, he was app. adjunct prof, of 
languages in Col. Coll.; in 1830, he produced 
hisedition of " Horace," and became rector of 
the grammar school attached to the college ; and 
in 1835 succcedcil prof Moore as the head of the 
classical dept. of that institution. Besides his 
labors both in college and school, he produced 
some 50 vols., chiefly editions of the Latin clas- 
sics, and aids to classical study. He was an ac- 
curate and thorough scholar, and an acute and 
ingenious critic of the ancient languages. His 
works have often been rcpub. in Eng., and 
are used extensively in schools. His " Clas- 
sical Dictionary," p'ub. in 1841, entirely super- 
seded that of Lempri^re. He excelled as an 
instructor, and conlerred on the jiublic schools 
of his native citv 6 free scholarships. 

Anthon, Henry, D.D. (1832), bro. of the 
preceding, rector of St. Mark's, N. Y. City ; d. 
there Jan. 5, 1861, a. 69. Col. Coll. 1813. 
Author of Hist. Notices of St. Mark's Church, 
from 1795 to 1845, 8vo, N. Y., 1845. Rev. 
Wm. H. Anthon, D.D., is a bro. 

Anthon, John, LL.D., b. Detroit, 1784 ; 
d. NY. Citv, Mar. 5, 1863. Col. Coll. 1801. 
LL. I). 1861. Son of Dr. George C. Anthon. 
During the War of 1812, he com. acompany at 
the Narrows for the defence of N.Y. He prac- 
tised law with great assiduity, and is said to 
have tried more causes than any man that ever 
lived. He was instrumental in e3tabli^hing the 
City Sup. Court and the Law Institute, of 
which he was pres. at the time of his death. 
Author of " Digested Index to the Reports of 
the U. S. Courts," 5 vols. 8vo, 1813; "Re- 
ports of Cases at Nisi Prius in the N. Y. Sup. 
Court in 1820;" "Analyt. Abridgment of 
Blackstone's Commentaries, with prefatory Es- 
say ; " " Anthon's Law Student ; " " Amer. 
Pfcecdents," 8vo, 1810. 

Anthony, Henry B., statesman, of Quaker 
ancestry, b. Coventry, R. I., Apr. 1, 1815. 
B.U. 1833. Edited the PioriV/fncc./oMi tin/ from 
1838tol8.')9; gov. of R. L 184 9-51, re-elected, 
but declined; U.S. senator, 1859-71. — i«"- 



man. 

Anthony, ScsaS B., rx-former, b. So. 
Adams, Ms., Feb. 15, 1820. Daniel her father 
was a Quaker, and a cotton manufactuRT. He 
moved iu 1826 to Washinmon Co., N. Y., and 



ANT 



31 



APP 



In 1846 to Rochester. She was educated in a 
sm^iU select sch'jol in her father's house, and at 
a boanlins-school in I'hila. 15 years of teach- 
ing in N. v., at one-third of the salary paid to 
men, taujjht her the lesson of woman's rights; 
and, since 1852, she has been one of the leaders 
in that movement, and its acting sec. and gen- 
eral agent. As early ivs 1S48, she engaged in 
the temperance cause, forming societies, and 
lecturing; and in ISjI she called a State con- 
vention in Albany. With her eo-worker, Mrs. 
E. C. Stanton, she succeeded in obtaining the 
admission of .vomen to educational and other 
conventions, with the right to speak and vote, 
to be put on committees, and to make reports. 
Miss Aniliony in 185S, at Troy, read an able 
report on educating the sexes together. From 
18.i7 to 1866, she was an agent and a faithful 
worker in the antlslavcry cause. She has been 
untiring in her efforts to secure liberal legis- 
lation t>r women in N.Y., assailing each year 
its legiS. with petitions, appeals, and addresses. 
In the winter of 185+-J, she held .54 conven- 
tions in diifercnt counties of the State, to de- 
mand equal property rights and the ballot. In 
the autumn of 1S67, she went with Mrs. Stanton 
and Lucy Stone to Kansas, and succeeded in 
obtaining 9,000 votes in that State for woman's 
suffrage. Her bro. Daniel H. has been mayor 
of Leavenworth. She has since established 
" The Revolution, " with the aid of Geo. Fran- 
cis Train, and has been one of the editors. 
Her style of speaking is rapid, vehement, con- 
cise, and in her best moods she is sometimes 
eloquent. — \i'i>ini'ii (if tlie Time. 

Anthony, SusANN.t.of Quaker parentage, 
eminent tor piety, b. R.I. 1726; d. Newport, 
June 2'i, 1791. Dr. Hopkins pub. her mem- 
oirs, with many extracts from her writings. 
12mo, 1799. 

Anville d' (don-vei'), N. DE LA RocHE- 
POCCAOLD, duke, b. ab. 1700; d. of grief, Sept. 
16, 1746, at Chibouetou, now Halifa.t, N.S. Ho 
early entered the French navy, and in 1745 
was sent with a fleet of 14 ships of the line to 
recover Louisburg. A violent tempest dis- 
persed bis squadron, and ruined the e.\])ed. 
He had the literary taste and elegance of man- 
ners characteristic of his illustrious family. 

Apes, William., an Indian preacher of 
the I'equot tribe, pub. " Indian Nullification," 
Boston, I2mo, 18'i5 (written by W. J. Snell- 
ing) ; " ICulogy on King Philip," pronounced at 
the Odeon, Boston, Svo, 183G; "A Son of the 
Forest," 1831 ; " Experiences of Five Christian 
Indians of the Peqnot Tribe," 183.3. 

Appleton, Daniel, founder of the exten- 
sive bouk-publisliinsr house of Appleton & Co., 
b. Haverhill, Ms.. 1785 ; d. N.Y., Mar. 27, 1849. 

Appleton, Jesse, D.D. (H.U. 1810), di- 
vine, b. New Ipswich, Nov. 17, 1772 ; d. Bruns- 
wick, Me., Nov. 12, 1819. Dartm. Coll. 1792. 
Samuel, his ancestor, came to Amer. in 1635. 
He taught an acad. in Dover ; was licensed to 
preach in 1795; and Feb. 22, 1797, was ord. 
p;ustor of the Cong, church at Hampton, N. H. 
From Dec. 1807, until his death, he was pres. 
of Bowd. Coll. Under the signature of Lei't/h- 
ton, he contributed valuable cssavs to the Pis- 
ralnijiia Emii'irJiriil Mii;/(t:ine. Uis worts, cm- 
bracing lecturer, course of theology, addresses, 



and sermons, with a memoir, were pub. in 2 
vols., 1837. He was a member ol the Acad, of 
Arts and Sciences; and was, while at Hamp- 
ton, a tnisiee of Phillips (Exeter) Acad. His 
dan. .lane m. pres. Franklin Pierce. 

Appleton, JoHX, lawyer and politician, 
b. Beverly, Ms., February II, 1815; d. Port- 
land, Aug. 22, 1864. Bowd. Coll. 1834. He 
commenceil the practice of law at Portland 
in 1837; wiui editor of a Democ. paper, the 
Eastern Aiyiis, from 1839 to 1844, and part of 
the time was also register of probate for 
Cumberland Co. In 1845, he bccaine chief 
clerk in the navy dept. ; subsei|Uenily suc- 
ceeded Mr. Trist as chief clerk of the State 
depart.; and in 1848, was apji. chanje' d'uf- 
faires to Bolivia. On his return Iroiii that 
mission, early in 1849, he resunu'd the practice 
of law at Portland ; was elected to Congress in 
■Sept. 1850; in 1855-6 was Mr. Buchanan's sec. 
of legation in Lond. In 1857, having been 
obliged, from ill health, to decline the editor- 
ship of the Wasliinrjtun Union, he was assist, 
sec. of State ; app. minister to Russia in May, 
1860. 

Appleton, John, LL.D., b. 1804. Bowd. 
Coll. 1822. Judge of the Sup. Court of Me. 
1832; chief-justice, 1862; author of" Reports of 
the Sup. Jud. Court of Maine," in 1841, 2 vols. 

Appleton, John Ja.me3, diplomat, .son of 
John, who was U. S. consul at Calais, b. 
France, Sept. 22, 1792; d. Rennes, France, 
Mar. 4, 1864. H. U. 1813. He was sec. of 
legation to Portugal in 1819-22; to Spain, 
1822-5; cliaiy^ (Vajftiires to the Two Sicilies, 
1825, and to Sweden, 1826. He resided in 
France, where he owned a valuable estate. 
While at Stockholm, he negotiated a treaty of 
commerce. 

Appleton, Nathan, LL.D. (H.U. 1853), 
merclKiiit, and writer on political economy, b. 
New Ipswich, N.H., Oct. 6, 1779; d. Boston, 
July 14, 1861. In 179.5, he left Dartm. Coll. 
to engage in business with his bro. Samuel, in 
Boston, and, on coming of age, became a part- 
ner. He was one of the first proprietors of the 
Waltham cotton manufactory, where, in 1814, 
the power-loom was first put in operation in 
this country ; was one of the founders of 
Lowell ; and was the projector and largest 
proprietor of the Hamilton Company. He was 
several times in the State legisl., and in Con- 
gress in 1831-3 and 1842. Author of speeches 
and essays on currency, banking, and the 
tariff, and of an account of the introduction 
of the-power loom, and the origin of Lowell, 
1833. He was a member of the Acad, of 
Sciences and Arts, and of the Ms. llisiorical 
Society. A memoir of his life was pub. by R. 
C. Wi'nthrop. 

Appleton, Nathaniel, D. D. (H. U. 
1771 ), Cong, minister, b. Ipswich, Ms., Dec. 9, 
1693 ; d. Camlaidge, Ms., Feb. 9, 1784. H.U. 
1712. John, his father, 20 years judge of pro- 
bale for Essex Co., and one of the king's coun- 
cil, was disting. for his exertions to Cliristiani/.e 
the Indians. The son was ord. to succeed Mr. 
Brattle, Oct. 9, 1717, and remained 66 years. 
He was a fnVnd of civil and religious liberty, 
uniting useful talents with e.xem]ilary piety. 
He was one of the corporation of H. U. from 



AJPP 



32 



JLRC 



1717 to 1779. He pub. a number of sermons 
and occasional discourses. — ^/iruffiie. 

Appleton, Samuel, philanthropist, b. N. 
Ipsiviiii, N. 11., Juno 22, 1766; d. Boston, 
July 12, 1853. One of twelve children. His 
early years were spent on a farm and in school- 
tcaihin;^. He nc.\t kept a store ; bui removed 
to lioston in 1794, where he cnfjaged in the 
iiii])oitation of Eri};lish (^oods, with his bru. 
Nalhaii, and aciiuiiud ;;reat weallli. He suli- 
scquetitly enga^'cd in the cotton niannracture 
at Waltham and at Lowell. From 1799 to 
1820, he passed much of his time abroad. His 
liberality and beneficence kept pace with his 
means to indul>;c them. In 1823, on his retire- 
ment from active business, he determined to 
spend his entire income annually; and hepive, 
each year, the sum of 825,000. He also be- 
stowed his bountr upon various philanthropic, 
religions, charitable and scientific associations ; 
and, at his death, 8200,000 was distributed for 
similar purposes. Hu regularly placed largo 
sums in the hands of physicians and others, 
who were in the way of seeing those in 
destitution, to be distributed as their judg- 
ment should indicate. A memoir by I. A. 
Jewctt, pub. Svo. Boston, 1850. 

Appleton, Wm., merchant, b. Brook- 
ficUl, Ms., Xov. 16, 1786; d. Longwood, near 
Boston, Feb. 15, 1862. Son of liev. Joseph 
of Brookticld. He came to Boston in 1807. 
He was a successful merchant ; was pres. of 
the U.S. Branch Bank in 1832-6; and M. C. 
in 1851-5 and 1861-2. He devoted his surplus 
means to benevolent objects; giving, at vari- 
ous times, S30,000 to the Ms. Gen. Hospital, 
of which, as also the Provident Institution for 
Savings, he was president. 

Appliug, Col. Daniel, b. Columbia Co., 
Ga., Aug. 25, 1787 ; d. Fort Montgomery, 
Ala., Mar. 18, 1817. He entered the army as 
lieut. of Rifles, May 3, 1803 ; was made capt. 
Apr. 1812, major 1st Rifles, Apr. 1814; brev. 
lieut.-col. May 30, 1814, " for gallant conduct 
in capturing a superior force of the enemy in 
Sandy Creek, N.Y ; " brev. col. 1 1 Sept. 1814, 
" for (listing, services at I'lattsburg ; " resigned 
June 1, 1816. — Gardner. 

Apthorp, East, Episcopal divine and 
author, b. Boston, 1733 ; d. Cambridge, Eng., 
Apr. 17, 1816. U. of Cambridge, Eng., 17.58. 
Charles, his father, was a merchant of lioston. 
While a missionary in N. K., for the Society 
for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign 
Parts (1761-5), he engaged in a warm contro- 
versy with Dr. Mayhew, on the design and 
conduct of that bo.ly. The hostility of ihe 
people to the Episcopacy decided him to return 
to Eng., where he eventually filled the stall of 
Finsbury in St. Paul's Cathedral. Among 
his writings are " Letters on Christianity, in 
reply to Gibbon," " Discourses on Prophe- 
cy," 2 vols. 8vo. He m. Elizabeth, dan. of 
iliakim Hutchinson. 

Arbuckle, Matthew, soldier, b. Green- 
brier Co., near the Warm Springs, Va , 1776 ; 
d. Fort Smith, Ark., June 11, 1851. He en- 
tered the army an ensign, Mar. 3, 1799 ; was 
made capt. June, 1806; major .3d Inf Aug. 
15, 1812; lieut. <ol. Mar. 9, 1814; col. 7th 
Inf. Mar. 10, 1820; brev. brig. -gen. Mar. 16, 



1830. Stationed for many years on the fron- 
tier, he was well acquainted with tlie Indian 
character, and by his good conduct acquired 
their confidence, lie com. a successful e.\ped. 
against the Fowltown Indians, Nov. 23, 1817. 

Arbuthnot, -Marriut, a British adin., b. 
ab. 1711 ; d. Loud., Jan. 31, 1794. Nephew of 
Dr. Arbuthnot the poet. After commanding 
various ships, he was i}aval cominissioiur, resi- 
dent at Halifax, in 1775-8, and returned to 
Eng. a rear-adm. Made vice-adm. of the blue, 
ami com.-in-chief on the X. Anier. station, ho 
proceeded to bis destination in Mar. 1779; but 
was confined to port soon after his arrival, by 
D'Estaing's fleet. Dec. 26, 1779, he conveyed 
Sir Henry Clinton's troops to the siege 
of Charleston, in which he cooperated, and 
wjiich was soon forced to surrender, and 
earned by this success the thanks of parlia- 
ment. Mar. 16, 1781, in a distant action with 
the French fleet ofl' the capes of Va.,»lie ob- 
tained some advantage, but was prevented, by 
a thick haze, from following it up. JIade adm. 
of the blue, Feb. I, 1793. 

Arce (ar'-tha), Mascel Josfe, pres. of the 
Republic of Central Amer. in 1824-9. Having 
incurred the enmity of the aristocratic clerical 
jiarty to wliich ho belonged, a civil war broke 
out, and Arce was, in 1827, defeated at Ajiopa 
and Santa Ana. in April, 1829, Gen. Mora- 
zan, leader of the liberal party, eiitcred Gua- 
temala, assumed the government, and seized 
Arce, who, together with some of the superior 
clergy, were expelled the country. 

Archdale, Jons, gov. of 'N. C. 1695-6, 
author of a " History and Description of Car- 
olina," Lond., 1707. Son of Thos. of Loaks 
in Chipping Wycomb, Bucks Co., Eng. Gov. 
Gorges of Me. m. his sister Mary ; and in 1664 
he came as his agent to N. E. Arcli<lale was 
in N.C. in Mar. 1686, and was a commissioner 
for Gorges in Me. in 1687-8. Landing first in 
S.C., he formed a new commission of sensil)lo 
and moderate men ; arrived in N.C. in the sum- 
mer of 1695, and had a successful and highly 
popular administration. He was a proprietor 
of the provinre, and was a man of great pru- 
dence and sagacity. Though a Quaker, ho 
promoted a militia law, exempting the Friends 
from military service. Elected a member of 
parliament in 1698, he would only aflirm, in- 
stead of taking the required oaths, and was not 
permitted to take bis seat. — 0' CnlUii/lian, 

Archer, Dr. Bh\xc-h T., Texan revol'ist, 
b. Va., 1790; d. Brazoria Co., Tex.. Sept. 22, 
1856. He studied medicine in I'liila., prac- 
tised for many years in his n ;tive State, and 
was often a member of its Icgisl. Removing 
to Tex. in 1831, he became a prominent actor 
in her revolution ; presided over the " Consul- 
tation " in Nov. 1835, and was by that body 
elected a commissioner to the U. S. with S. F. 
Austin and N. H. Wharton, to solicit aid in 
her struggle for independence ; was elected to 
her first Congress on his return in 1836, was 
speaker of the house of representatives, and sec. 
of war from 1839 to 1842, when, on account of 
ill health, he retired to private life. He was a 
ripe scholar and an eloquent s|>cakcr. 

Archer, John, physician and legislator, 
b. Harford Co., Md. in 1741 ; d. 1810. Prince- 



ARC 



33 



ton Coll. 1760. M.D. 1768. He receivcil from 
the riiil.i. Med. Coll. the first meilicnl (liploma 
ever i>siied in the New World. At the com- 
mencement of the Revol., he had command of a 
military company; ^yas a member of tlie Slate 
le^'isl. ;■ and was'M.C. from Md. from 1801 to 
1807. Seyeral of his medical discoveries have 
been adopted by the profession. 

Archer, Col. S.vm'l B. ; d Phila., Dec. 
11 . 1S2.3. He was npp. from Va., capt 2d Art. 
Mnrch 12, 1812; brcv. maj. May 27, 181-3, 
" for gallantry and good conduct in cannonade 
and bombardment of i'ort George, May 26 and 
27 1S1.3;" disting. at Stony Creek, June 6, 
181.'3; msp.-gen., with rank of col., Nov. 10, 
\ii-2\. — f!iinlim: 

Archer, STr.pnExsoN-, LL.D.. judge of 
the -Md. Court of Appeals. Son of Dr. John, 
h. Hartbrd Co., .Md. ; d. June 2:->, 18+8. N. J. 
Coll. 1805. M.C.from Md., 1811-17; then app. 
jud'.'C of Mpi. Terr., and was again in Congress 
in 1819-21. 

Archer, Wm. S., statesman, b. Amelia 
Co., Va., Mar. 5, I7S9; d. there Mar. 28, 1855. 
W. and M. Coll. 1806. Of Welsh descent. His 
grandfather. Col. Wm., captured by Tarleton, 
d. of sm;ill-pox on board a prison-ship. His 
father, Maj. John, aide to Wayne at Stony 
Point, was hrev. capt. for gallantry in that 
affair. Wm. S. studied law ; was a member 
of the legisl. 1812-19; M.C. 1820-35; U.S. 
senator, 1841-7, and chairman of the commit- 
tee on foreign relations. In Congress he took 
an active part in all matters of national im- 
portance, and WMS a member of the committee 
on the .Mi-isouri Com])romise. 

Arciszeflski (art-se-shev'-ske), Chbisto- 
FHER, gov. -gen. of Brazil, b. ah. 1600; d. Lissa, 
I'oland, 1668. Leaving Poland on account 
of religion, he entercil the Dutch military ser- 
vice, and on the conquest of Brazil was app. 
its gov. He fortified the principal cities, and 
was an excellent mathematician as well as a 
skilful soldier. A medal was struck by the 
Dutch in commemoration of his services. 

Arey, Harriet Ellex Gr.ixxis, poet, b. 
Cavendish, Vt., Apr. 14, 1819. John Grannis, 
her father, a member of the Canadian parlia- 
ment at the hreaking-out of the rebellion of 
18.17, afterward held offices of trust under the 
U.S. Gov. She was a school-teacher in Cleve- 
land, O , a contributor to the Daili/ fhrald; 
was in 1848 m. to Oliver Arey; has since edited 
the Yu'illi's Casket and the llnme .)/oiillili/ in 
BuflTalo and N.Y. ; and in 1855 pub. " House- 
hiild Songs and other Poems." — Poets and 
Po'lrti of the West. 

Argall, Sa.muel, dep.-gov. of Va. in 1617, 
1i Bristol, Eng. 1572; d. 1639. In 1612. 
lie carried off Pocahontas to Jamestown, tile 
temptation to the perfidious chief in whose 
charge she was being a brass kettle. In 1613, 
he broke up the French settlement at Mt. Des- 
ert, on the coast of Me., causing a war be- 
tween the French ami English colonists. He 
also destroyed the French settlements of St. 
Croix and Port Royal. After a visit of 3 years 
to Eng., he returned to Va. as deputy gov. ; 
his purpose being to traffic in violation of the 
laws he was to administer. He enacted severe 
sumptuary laws, and by his arbitrary conduct 



became odious to the colony. Recalled to an- 
swer for his misconduct, fie was shielded by 
his trading partner, the Earl of Warwick. Ha 
was a capt. in the cx])ed. against the Algerines 
in 1620; was knighted by James I. in 1623; 
and in 1625 was engaged in Cecil's exped. 
against the Spanish. An account of his voy- 
age from Jamestown, 1610, and his letter re- 
specting his voyage to Va. in 1618, are pre- 
served in Purchas. After the death of Lord 
Delaware, Argall took charge of his estate; 
and letters of the countess are in existence ac- 
cusing him of the most flagrant and barefaced 
peculation. 

Argenson, d' (dar-zhon'-son'), Pierre 
DE VoYER, ViscoDXT, gov. of Canada from 
Jan. 27, 1657, to 1661, b. 1626; d. France, ab. 
1709. He was of a noble family, and disting. 
himself at the siege of Bordeaux and at the 
battle of Sens. Subsequently Reeve of Tou- 
raine. Some progress was made by him in dis- 
covery, in the country beyond Lake Superior, 
and on Hudson's Bay; but his government 
seems to have " consisted of little else than 
barb.aric invasions and civil and religious 
quarrels." — Morqan. 

Arias, Don Fraxcisco Gabixo, traveller, 
b- Salto, IJuenos Ayres ; d- ab. 1808. He was 
a col. in the army, and in 1774 undertook to 
penetrate the desert part of the continent, des- 
ignated by the name of " tjrand chaco." Af- 
ter making an exploration of this region with 
Matorras, who d. ab. 1775, Arias, in 1780, 
C'lUtinued the labors of his former companion 
(the pacification of the Indian inhabitants), in 
an exped. lasting from June 2, 1780, to Jan. 31, 
1781. The next year, he explored the course 
of the Bermijo, establishing the facts that the 
navigation of the river was free, that craft of 
a medium size could descend it, that the na- 
tions inhabiting its borders w-re pacific, and 
also that it emptied not into the Parana, as 
was supposed, but into the River Paraguay. 
The narrative of his expedition, drawn up by 
himself, was ] ub. by his son Dr. Jose An- 
tonio Ariasi by order of the government. — 
Nonf. Hiog. Univ. 

Arillaga (ii-rel-lii-uii), Rev. Basilic Max- 
UEL, D I) , superior of Jesuits in Mexico, and 
rector of the Coll. of St. Ildefonso ; d. Aug. 
1867, in the prison of St. I., though over 80 
years of age. In 1865, he pub. 3 pamphlets in 
reply to the charge of the French Abbe' Tcs- 
tory, that the Mexican "clergy wore ignorant 
and .corrupt. He was one of the most erudite 
of Mexican scholars ; anil his reply is a master- 
piece of learning, wit, and sarcasm. 

Arismendi, ,Ji:an Bauti.sta, a Vene- 
zuelan gen., b. in the Island of Margarita. He 
had attained the rank of capt. ; and, when the 
revol. broke out, took command of the i atriot 
forces, anil, after a long struggle, defeated the 
Spanish gen. Morillo, and drove him from the 
island. In conjunction with Bolivar and Paez, 
he drove Morillo from New Granada in 1819, 
and from the greater part of Venezuela, of^ 
which he was made vice-])res. In Paez's in- 
surrection against Bolivar, in 1826, he espoused 
the cause of the latter in his absence, and ren- 
dered great service to the nation. 

Arista, (a-res'ta), Mariano, a Mexican 



ten., 1.. San Luis Potosi, Mcx.. Jul,- IG, 180^ • 
d. Spam, Au_:;. 9, 1855. Hi. fatlic,-; a Spanish 
ofJiccr. ttave liini a military education ; and he 
served in the Spanish armv till June. 18-'l • 
when he joined the patriots.' In A|>r. 1829 he 
was made a liciit.-eol., and, having supported 
Uustamentc, was made a col., and brev bii.' - 
f i'o,-> P.°" ""^ ■"■'-■"^-""'on of Santa Ana, Apr. 
1, 1833, Arista was made gen. of brigade, and 
in June, 1833, was seeoiid in command of the 
army. Having joine.l Duran in his unsuccess- 
ful revolt he was deprivcl of his rank, and 
expelled from Mexico. After pas.sing a vear 
and a half in the U. S.. he returned in June, 
18.35, was restored to his rank in the armv, and 
a"' •""■ oT?. "^ '''." -""I"'--'"'! iribunal of war, from 
Aug I8.i6, to Apr. 1837. Taken prisoner by 
the French at Vera Cruz, Dec. 5, 1838, he was 
^months afier released on parole. In 1839 
with but 41)0 men, he suppressed the revolt of 
UiTca at Tampico. Ai>p. commandant-gen. 
01 laiiiaulipas, at the elo.se of 1839 he becmne 
gen.-in-chief of the northern division. For 
Jkleating the insurgents of the eastern dept. 
he received « special cross of honor. JIade 
gen. of division in Sept. 1841, he caused the 
governracnt of Ilerrer.i, who succeeded Santa 
Ana in Dec. 1844, to be recognized through- 
out the eastern depts. Iii the war with the 
IJ.&., in IS46-7, he com. at the batiks of 
I alo Alto and Resaea de la Palm,,. I„ J„„e, 
1848, he was app. by Pros. Herrera minister 
p( war, and displayed acliviiv and judgment 
in the suppression of 17 revolts that occurred 
during 2 years. El.cted pres. of the republic 
m the fall of 1850, he resigned thegoveri , cm 
Jan. 5, 1853. Banished from the couiitrv by 
his enemies, he made a voyage to Europe, 
visited Spain, and died while on his wav to 
!■ ranee on the day that Santa Aiia, who"had 
Ksurped his seat, (led from the cit^■ of Mexico 
llie governmeni of Alvarez in 1857 decreed 
hini lo have " merited well of his counirv " 

Armand (ii.-.uon'), Charles TLtix 
M.^iiQtis i)K L.v lioL'AiUE, a French soldier' 
b.Fougeres, 14 Apr. 1751 ; d. Jjin.. 30, 1793 
hntering the 7ar,/(,s- da cor,,s, at Paris, his nas- 
sion for an actress in thatciiy led to a due , in 
eon.^equence of which he left Fiance. Vol in- 
teenng in the cause of America, Mav 10 1777 
he received from Congress the commission of 
col. He fought at Red Bank; was with La- 
faye«e in N.J. i„ the fall of tli.tt rear: and 
in 1.-8 was aciively engaged -in Westchester 
Co., iV'i., opposing the corps of Simeoe, Em- 
merick, and Barcmore the lovalist, whoiR he 
captured near Kingsl>iidge,X6v. 8 1779 His 
corps was incorporated with that of Pulaski in 
IcI^J.SO; and he was withXiates at thedefeat 

of ;Z Z- """^ V™"'-''-'' "■"=*""''' "'C conduct 
of ha ofhcer. In 781, though dissatisfied 
«iili the promolions in the armv, i,, which he 
taw no chance of advancement", he procnrc.l 
from his own means clothing and iceouire- 
inonts in trance, returning in season lo par- 
neipato in the victory at Vorktown. He was 
made n brig.-gcn. Mar. 26, 1783. Returnin.^ 
home, he took part in the French Revolution" 
was for a time a prisoner in the Bastile ; took 
an active pan with the rovalists of La Vendee 
ma wa.. a Jeudci- of liiose'of Brittany, Anjou' 



3-1 ARior 

nn.I Poitou. The execuiion of Louis X\T 
under ■?„'■"'"" "";''." '''"•■'=• """ ho «"nk 
urb. ne ami polishe.1 1„ manner, an eloquent and 
his IvicMids ''"■'■'"' ""'' "■"* S"-'a'lr beloved by 
Armistead, George, lieut.-col. U S A b 

AprT'[;',r"'A''" '°' '''"■ <J«»'>i™ore; 
came "fro™ I?' Th*; «"<^^«*'or of this family 
came rom Ilcsse D'Armstadt. 5 bros en- 
gaged in the War of 1812,-3 in the rCMilir 
armv. „nd 2 ii. the militia. George was Vp' 

maj. 3.1 Art. Mar. 3, 1813; was disting. a 
the capture of Fort C.eorge, U.C, Mav 1813 
AMi:nn':^^pl'^i'i;T^,r""'''^'--°f^<'r; 

Armistead,LEwisAr.Di8ox,gcn.CSA 

b. Newbern, X.C., 18 Feb. 181 7 ; tilled at Uie 
battle o Getly.burg, July 3, 186.3 We ' 
Pom , 1836. Son of Gen. Walter K Enter 
■ng .be Cth Inf. in 18.39, he won the bremj 
of cap,, and maj for gallantry at Contreras 
Chiirubusco, nn.1 Molino del li^- At Ch^p" 1 
hi^hl'v l""^' ""' ?^ "•" «orniing-par,v, was 
highly disting., and wounded. Capt. Alkr. 3 
f«. In 18.59, he com. a detachment senj 
against the Indians from Fort Mohave Cnl 
and defeated iliem. Heresigned in 1861 ; was 

month a brig -gen. in the Confederate Arm,.- 
took part m the peninsular campaign, and w^ts' 
111 i^ongstreet s corps in I.ec's invasion of Md., 
and was wound,,! at Aiitictam. 

Al-mistead, Walter Keith, brev. brig- 
gen.. I, ro 01 Geon.-e. b. Va. ab. 1785; d vt 
perville, Va. Oct. 13, 1845. Entering the eJl 
gmeer corps from West Poini, Mar. 5, 1803 be 
71V , '^"Si'ieer of the army in Canada in 
1?U, and engaged at Fort Niagara, 21 Nov. 
and .engineer for the defence of Chesapeake 

fo- I's'lS ;"• '"'• i;;",'^''"-^ cngineer.^-o,. 
1-, 1818, inspector Milit. Acad. Nov. 1818 
to Jun., 1821 ; col. 3d Art. 1 June, 1821; 

1^40 4I'*''"'"- ^"'i '-•• '*-«• ""^ <-o'"- in 
1840-41 against ihe Seminoles in Florida 

1 ^'■f?^*'"°'ie« Jasies, commoilore T S X 
b. She by,^,lle Kv , 1 7 Jan. 1 794 ; d. Charlestown.' 

from \„. Midshipm. U. S. .\. 15 Xov. I809■ 
8 W L^r '*,'®' '"'"■ ^'''^"- '*'-5; capt. 
•• ^■•J.' "'"' commo. 16 Jnlv. 1866. CiiD- 
i.red in ■'The Frolic " in 1814, bv the British 
fi.gate--Orphens,'' and kept a prisoner nn.il 
Mar. l.M., Com. the E. I. .squad, in I85.5-S 
and Ml 18.-,, attacked and captuixd the Barrie; 
01 .s- in the Canton River. Compelled bv a 
..rgc rebel force to surrender the Pensacola 
nayy^ard 12 Jan. 1861. _.S>. AWre of Car, 
A^sieraces ,n ihe X E. 11. .J- G. liey., July, 



Armstrong, James Francis, .30 rears 
pastor 01 the ehiiKh at Trenton, N.J.. b'. W. 

T,'^ ,"^ STir^''^^^^'"'- •"■^»; ''■ Trenton,- 
Jan. 19 I8I6. X. J. Coll. 1773. He studied 
!"" erUev. . ohn Blair ; was liceiise.1 to preach 
in 1,,,, and served as chaplain through the 
"arot InHependencc. — A.rm/Hc. 

Armstrong, James F.. capt. U. S. N b 
IS J., Nov. 20, 1816. Midshipm. Mar. 7, 1 8-32 • 
licui. Dee. 8, 1842; com. Aj.r. 27, 1861 ; capt 



ASR^L 



July 16, 1862. He com. steamer "Sumier," 
1861; steamer "State of Georgia," N A. block, 
srjiiad. IS62— I; bombardment and surrender of 
Fort Macon, Apr. 25, 18G2; coing. steam-'loop 
"San .Jacinto," E. Gulf block. Hinad, 186+ ; 
coin. Pcn-^acola navy-yard, 186.5-8. — 1/iimersft/. 

Armstrong, Joii-s, Gen., b. Pa. ; d. Car- 
lisle. Pa., .Mar. 9. 1795, at an advanced a^'e. 
In 1756, he headed an exped. as col. of the 
provincial forces of Pa. against the Indians at 
Kitlaning, destroyed the settlement, and took 
the stores sent by the French for the use of 
their native allies. For this service, the cor- 
poration of Phila. presented him with a vote 
of thanks, a medal, and a piece of plate. He 
enjoyed in a high degree the confidence of the 
jiroprietors of Pa., and was resorted to for 
advice in whatever related to Indian affairs. 
Mar. I, 1776, he was app. a brig. -gen. in the 
Continental Army, and did good service at the 
defence of Fort Moultrie and at the battles of 
Brandywine and Germantown, in which latter 
eng.ageincnts, heeom. the militia of Pa., hav- 
ing left the army, Apr. 4, 1777, on account of 
di-ssaii.sfaction in regard to rank. He was in 
Cougrcfs in 1778-80 and 1787-8, and sustained 
many other honorable offices. 

Armstrong, John, soldier and writer, b. 
Carli>le, Pa , Nov. 25,1758; d. Red Hook, 
X.Y., Apr. 1 , 1.S43. He was the youngest son 
of Gen. John Armstrong of Carlisle. In 1775, 
while a student at Princeton, he volunteered 
in Potter's Pa. regt. ; was soon made aide-de- 
camp to Gen. Mercer, and held a similar post 
with Gates in the campaign against Burgoyne, 
and until the closeof the war, having the rank 
of maj. He was the author of the celebrated 
" Newburgli Letters," setting forth the services 
and destitution of the soldiers, and urging them 
to take measures for their relief. These letters, 
powerfully and eloquently written, were in- 
tended to arouse Congress and the States to a 
sense of justice to the army then about to be 
disbanded, and, but for the prudence of Wash- 
in^'ton, might have produced serious results. 
After the war, he was sec. of State, and adj.- 
gen. of Pa., and in 1784 conducted the vigor- 
ous operations against the settlers at Wyoming. 
App. by Congress in 1787 oneof the judges for 
the western terr'tory, he declined, and having 
in 1789, m. a siAr of Chancellor Livingston, 
removed to X.Y., purchased a farm, and devoted 
him.selfto agriculture. U. S. senator in 1800- 
2, and ISCI-l ; minister to France in 1804-10 ; 
bri^'.-gen. July 6, 1812 ; see. of war, 181,1-14, 
and effected many salutary changes in the army ; 
but the lack of success in the operations against 
Canada, and the sack of Washington City, made 
him unpopular, and he resigned. He pub. 
a brief but able " History of the War of 1812," 
'• Memoirs of Gens. Montgomery and Wayne " 
(in Sparks's Anicr. Biog.), valuable treatises 
on agriculture and gardening, and a " Heviijw 
of Gen. Wilkinson's Memoirs." He had par- 
tially prepared a history of the Amer. Revol. 

Armstrong, Uiciiakd, licnt.-gen. in the 
British army ; rl. ah. 182.3. Entered the Queen's 
Pii.ni'ers as capt., became a maj., and a most 
efficient partisan officer on the side of the crown 
during the lievoi. war. In 178.3. he and Capt. 
Saunders were deputed to write Col. Siuieoe a 



parting address. He became col. Jan. 26, 
1797; maj.-gen. Sept. 25, 1803; lieut.-gen. 
Oct. 25, 1809. — .Sr/6,7i(!,- PltHipart. 

Armstrong, Kichabd, D.D., missionary, 
b. Northumberland Co., Pa., 1805; d. Hono- 
lulu, Sept. 23, 1860, from injuries by a fall 
from a horse. Dickinson Coll. 1827 ; Prince- 
ton Theol. Sem. He went to the Sandwi(;h 
Islands in 1832 ; was 8 months a missionary at 
Nukahivah, Marques.is Islands ; preached 5 
years at Walluka, and then returned to Hono- 
lulu to take the station vacated by Mr- Bing- 
ham's return to the U. S. Dec. 6, 1847, he 
was made minister of instruction, and soon 
after pres. of the board of education. His 
talents were rewarded by the king's appointing 
him to a seat in the bouse of nobles and to a 
membership in the privy council. 

Armstrong, Gen-." RonEUT, b. E. Tenn., 
1790; (I. Washington. D.C., Feb. 23, 1854. 
He settleil in Nashville; com. a eom|)any of 
Tenn. artillery under .Jackson, in the Creek 
war of 181.3-14, in which he was disting., and 
dangerously woumled, Jan. 24, 1814, at Talla- 
dega ; disting. in command of the artillery at 
the battle of New Orleans ; and was brig.-gen. 
commanding Tenn. Mounted Vols, at the b.attle 
of Wahuo Swamp in the Florida war, 1836. 
Postmaster of Nashville, 1829-45; U. S. con- 
sul at Liverpool, Eng., 1845-52 ; and subse- 
quently editor and proprietor of the Washinq- 
ton i'lii'm newspaper, and confidential adviser 
of Pres. Polk. 

Armstrong, William Jessup, D.D., sec. 
of the Amer. Board of Foreign Missions, b., 
Mendham,N.J.,Oct.29,1796; d. Nov. 27, 1846, 
in the wreck of the steamer " Atlantic." A. M. 
of N.J. Coll. 1816; D D. 1840. Son of the Rev. 
Dr. A. Armstrong. After three years of theo- 
logical study, he was sent to Albemarle Co., 
Va., as a missionary ; was pastor of a church 
in Trenton, N.J., three years, and in 1824-34 
was pastor of the First Prcsb. Church in Rich- 
mond, Va. In 1834, he was app. see. of the 
Presb. Board of Foreign Missions for Va. and 
N.C., and at the .same time general agent of the 
Amer. Board of Missions for these States. In 
Sept. of that year, he was app. successor to 
Rev. Dr. Wisner, sec. of the Amer. Board. In 
Apr. 1838, after a residence of two years and 
a half at Boston, he removed to N. Y. A 
memoir of his life, with a collection of his ser- 
mons, edited by Rev. Hollis Read, was pub. 
N.Y., 18.5.3. 

Armstrong, William Morris, capt. 
US N., 1>. Kv., 1797 ; d. Norfolk, Va., June 24, 
1861. Midshipman, Nov. 14, 1814; lieut. .Mar. 
3, 1821 ; commander, Sept. 8, 1841 ; capt. .Mav 
24. 1845. 

Arnold, Benedict, gen. Revol. army, in- 
famous for attempting to Iretray his country, 
b. Norwich. Ct., Jan. 3, 1741 ; il. Lond., June 
14, 1801. In his youth he was mischievons, 
bold, and turbulent. Apprenticed to an 
apotliecary, he ran away, enlisted as a soldier, 
but soon deserted ; was a druggist anil book- 
seller in New Haven in 1763-7 ; was afterward 
master and supercargo of a vessel trading to 
the W. Indies, and became a bankrupt with the 
reputation of dishonesty. Immediaiely afici 
the battle of Lexington, he raised a volunteer 



36 



ARN- 



company with which he marched to Cnml.ridso, 
proposed to the .Ms. Committee o( Saletv tlie 
capture of Tieondcrosa, and, bcin;; cDiiiinis- 
siuiied a col., joined Allen's pariv in tli.it 
atJair in May, 1775. Sept. 16, witli ab. 1,000 
men, he bejran tlie raareli throngh the wilder- 
ness of Maine, having the capture of Quebec 
as Its object, and displnvins lheq»:illiies of an 
able commander. \Voimde<l in the 1.- in the 
aisanit IJec. :)1, in which Mont-om.TV was 
killed, he was promoted, .Jan. 10. I 776, to'bri;:.. 
gen. Placed in eonimanrl of a flotilla of small 
ve»5els on Lake Champlain, he encountered a 
superior force Oct. 11, 1776, and, thoui.'h he 
exhibited great skill and bravery, was deteateil. 
Contrrcss, early in 1777, deeply offended him bv 
prom_otinj,'5 of his juniors to the rank of iiiaj'- 
).en. Thoufrh his appointment to the same crade 
was afterward dat.d h\h. 17, 1777, the atfront 
still rankled in his heart. He was involved in fre- 
quent difficulties by his violent temper, and his 
di>lionesty in pecuniary transactions. In Au". 
1777, he relieved Fort" Schuyler, then invested 
by the British and Indians. At the battle of 
Beiuis' Heights, Sept. 19, 1777, he com. the 
left wing, but resigned the post soon afterward 
in consequence of a quarrel with Gen. Gates, 
who appears to have been jealous of him. He 
fought with desperate courage as a volunteer 
without command in the decisive battle at Still- 
water, Oct. 7; was in the thickest of the fight, 
and, being the highest officer on the tield,'"his 
orders were obeyed when practicable ; thou"h 
all accounts state that hi> conduct was rashln 
the e.\irenie. Again severely wounde<l in the 
lejr, he was disabled for several months, during 
whicluCongress accorded him his full rank. In 
June, 1778, he was app. the command of I'liila. 
He lived here extravagantly, ran deeply in 
debt, and endeavored to sustain himself by 
acts of peculation and rapacity. In 1779, he 
in. Margaret, dan. of Kdwa'rd Shippen' of 
Phila. Charges were preferred against him ; 
and Jan. 26, 17S0, he was sentenced bva court- 
martial to receive a reprimand from 'the com- 
mander-in-chief. This, though mildly adminis- 
tered, was ill received, Arnold having 6 months 
]ireviously begun his treasonable overtures to 
the enemy. To enhance the value of his treach- 
ery, he sought and obtained the command of 
West Point, the " Gibraltar of America," which 
he proposed to betray into the hands of SirH. 
Clinton, who had employed Maj. Andre' in the 
negotiation. The capture of Andre, Sept. 2.3, 
17S0, led to the exposure and defeat of the 
jjlot; and Amold narrowly escaped (Sept. 23) 
in the British sloop" Vulture." For his deser- 
tion, he is said to have received as indemnity 
.£6..3I.-), and the grade of brig.-geu. in the 
British service. App. to comman<l an exped 
against Vu. in Dee. 1780, he ascended the 
James River, and inflicted great injury bv burn- 
ing and pillage. In Sept. 1781, he li'd another 
exped., which took Fort Griswold, Ct. by 
assault, massacre.1 the garrison after they had 
surrendered, and burned New London". In 
1782, he com. the "American Ix-gion." He 
afterward resided chiefly in Eng., where he was 
"shunned and despised by everybody except 
tlie king and a few persons in authori'ty." In 
1 7¥0 and in 1 790-2, he was at St. John's, N B 



engaged in trade and navigation, but was vcrj 
unpo|,ular, and was hung in efligv. His wifa 
d. Loud., Aug. 24, 1S04, a. 4.3. Il'is son James 
Robertson became a gen. in the British army. 
— .bff i,,nrh's Lift of ArmJtl in Aiiier. Bioq. 
Arnold, Be.vedict, b. Eng. Dec 21 
1615; d. June, 1678. He resided in Provi' 
dence as early as 16.36. In 1657, he with Cod- 
nington, purchased of the Indians the Island of 
giiononoquat, afterward called Jamestown. 
« mthiop speaks of him as "a great friend of 
Massachusetts, especially in negotiations with 
the Indians, he having a perfect knowledge of 
their language. In 165.3, he removed to New- 
pon; w,.8 made assist, in 1654; prcs. by the 
Koyal Charter in 166.3, and so continued for 8 
years. 

Arnold, George ("McArone"), editor 
an.l pout, d. Strawberry Farms, X.J., Xov. 3 
"'*^r^', ^^'"''^'■''' '<n"wnas the author of the 

McArone Papers," some biographical works, 
and by contributions to !««,>./ Fair the 
Uader, and other journals. Some of his 
poems are of remarkable sweetness. He served 
with honor in the Union army during the 
civil war, doing duty a long tfme at one of 
the fort.s on Staten Island. His poetical pieces 
were collected and pub. in 1867 ; " Drift" and 
other poems, edited by Wm. Winter, in 1868 

Arnold, Is.vac X., M. C. from III.1S6I-5- 
aut lorol a " Life of Abraham Lincoln," 1866 • 
b. Hardwicke, Otsego Co., N.Y., Xov. 1815- 
adm. to the bar in 18.35, settled in 18.36 iii 
(^ hicago, where he was prominent in politics 
and was in 186.5-6, sixth auditor U. S. treas' 



— Lfttitnan. 

Arnold, Sin .Tames Rodertsox, a British 
gen., b. Phila., 1780; d. Lond., Dec. 27 1854 
His father was Benedict Arnold the traitor, 
entering the royal engineers in 1798 he at- 
tained the rank of col, ; was transfcnc'd from 
that arm in 1841, and became a licut.-gen. 
ni 18.il. He was commanding engineer at 
iNova Scotia and X. Brunswick in 1816--'3 • 
displayed great courage in the attack on Su- 
rimim, where he was dangerously wounded and 
became aide-de-camp sucres>ive|y to William 
IV. and Victoria. In j.erson and features, he 
bore a striking resemblance to his failier. 

Arnold, Dr. Joxathas, statesman, b. 
1 rovi,l,.n,e IM., Dee. 14, 1744 ; d. St. Johns- 
bury V t., Feb. 2, 1 798. He was a member of 
the Assembly m 1776, author of the act of 
-May, 1776, rc-pealing the laws ))roviding for the 
oath ol allegiance to the mother-country 
member of the Old Congress in 1782-4 aiid 
surgeon in the Revol. army. After the war 
moved to St. Johnsbury, Vt.. where he was 
judge of the Orange County Court from 1 78-' 
till his death. 

Arnold, .Iosiaii Lyndon, poet, b. Provi- 
dence, Ajir. 22, 1768; d. St. Johnsbim-. Vt 
Jiine 7, 1796. Dartm. Coll. 1788. Son of 
Dr. Jonathan Arnold. After graduatiii'' he 
taught school in Plainfield, Ct., then studied 
law in Providence, and was adm. to prac- 
tice, hut quilted the bar for a tutorship at 15 U 
On his father's death, he returned to St. .Johns- 
bury His poems were collected after his 
death in a small volume (pub. 1797), with a 
biographical preface signed James Burrell, jun 



37 



ART 



It comprises translations and imitations of 
Horace, short descriptive pieces, a humorous 
eclo^'ue, and a few songs. — Dutjckinck. 

Arnold, Lemuel Hastings, statesman, 
son of \)r. Jonathan, b. St. Johnsbury, Vt., 
Jan. 29, 1792; d. Kingston, R.I., June 27, 
1852. Dartm. Coll. 1811. He practised law 
in Providence in 1814-21 ; then engaged in 
manuliictiircs ; was a member of the council 
during tlie Dorr Kcbellion in 1842-3 ; gov. of 
1{. I. 18.31-3 ; M. C. 1845-7, and leprcsentcd 
Piovideiice in ilie General Assembly in 
lS2t)-.')l. 

Arnold, Lewis G., brig. -gen. U. S. Vols., 
Ii. N.J. ah. 1816. West Point, 1837. Entering 
the 2d Art., he won two brevets in Mexico 
by his gallantry at Contreras and Churubusco, 
where he com. his company, and at Chapul- 
tepec. He was afterward disting. in Florida, 
commanding a detachment in a conflict with 
a large lorce of Semiuoies at Big Cypress, 
Apr. 7, 1856. May 15, 1861, made inaj. 1st 
Art., and Jan. 24, i8G2, brig.-gen. vols., serv- 
ing with the forces at N. Orleans. Lieut. -col. 
2d Art. Aug. 1, 1863. Retired Feb. 8, 1864. 
lie served at Fort Pickens in 1861-2, was in 
the repulse of the rebels on Santa Rosa Island, 
Fla., Oct. 9, 1861, and com. the Dep't of Fla. 
Feb.-Oot. 1862. 

Arnold, Peleg, many years chief-justice 
of the Supreme Court of R. I.; d. Smithfield, 
K.I., Feb. 13, 1820, a. 68. He was a member 
of the Assembly, and a delegate to Congress 
in 1786-S. when he was app. judge. 

Arnold, Richard, brev. miij.-gen.,b. Prov- 
idence, R.I., 12 Apr. 1828. West Point, 1850. 
Son of Gov. L. H. Arnold. Entering the ar- 
tillery, he served in Florida; was aide to Gen. 
Wool in Cal. ; rapt, "ith Art. June, 1861 ; served 
at Bull Run, and through the peninsular cam- 
pai^'U ; app. chief of art. to Gen. Banks's exped. 
in Nov. 1862; brig.-gen. vols. 19 Nov. 1862; 
ivnikrod important service at the siege of Port 
ilud.^oii, and in the Red River campaign ; was 
a^crward also chief of cavalry dept. of the 
Gulf; contrib. greatly to the reduction of Ft. 
Morgan in Mobile Bay. in Aug. 1864 ; was 
lirev. maj.-gen. vols. 22 Aug. 1865 ; and Aug. 
1 866, brev. maj.-gen. U. S. A. — Barttett's 
II. I. Offirers. 

Arnold, Samcel Geeene, historian and 
p.ritician, b. Providence, R.I., 12 Apr. 1821. 
B. U. 1 84 1 . Camb. Law School, 1 845, and adm. 
totiie R. I. bar. After travelling extensively in 
Europe, in the East, and in S. Amer., he be- 
came, in 1852, lieut.-gov. of R I., being the 
only man elected on the Whig ticket. Was in 
1861 a delegate to the peace convention ; was 
a^rain lieut.-gov. of the State ; took the field in 
1861 in command of a battery of artillery, and 
a< aide-de-camp to Go\. Sprague ; was again 
lient.-gdv. in 1862, and U. S. sen itor in 1803, 
for the unexpired term of J. F. Simmons, serv- 
ing on the eoinmittee on naval aflFairs. Author 
lit a valuable '• History of R. I.," 7 vols., 
1 8.59-60 ; the article on " Tristam Borges " in 
"Applcton s Cyclop. ; " " Spirit of R. I. Histo-. 
rv," a discourse before the R. I. Hist. Soc, 1 7 
/an. 1853 ; an address before the Amer. Insti- 
tute, N. v., Oct. 1850; addresses, articles in 
the Xoiih American and Cliristiaii iRjeviews, &c. 



Arpin, Pacl, journalist, b. France, 1811 ; 
d. N. Y. City, 18 May, 1865. Long editor of 
the .Y. Oiittins Bee, later, of the Courier (let 
£ltits Cnis, and a contrib. to the " New Amer. 
Cyclopaedia." 

Arrington, Alfred W., lawver, b. Ire- 
dell Co., X.C., Sept. 1810; d. Chicago, III., 
31 Dec. 1867. Son of Archibald (M. C. 
1841-5). In 1829-34, he was a Methodist 
preacher in Ind. and Mo., displaying great el- 
otpience. Adm. to the Mo. bar, he removed ab. 
1835 to Ark., attained distinction ; was sent to 
the legiil. ; was judgeof the 12th Dist.of Tex. 
in 1850-6; settled in Chicago in 1857, and had 
a high reputation as a constitutional lawyer. 
A fine scholar and writer, he contrib., under 
the iiom lie plume o{ " Charles Sumraerlield," to 
the Democratic liev. and Southern Literary Mis- 
senijer. 

Arthur, Sir George, bart., a British 
state-muu, b. June 21, 1784 ; d. Sept. 19, 1854. 
He early entered the army, in which he attained 
high rank, and, after being successively gov. of 
Honduras and Van Dicman's Land, Mar. 23, 
1838. was app. lieut.-gov. of Upper Canada. His 
measures to suppress the rebellion of 1837-S 
were prudent, vigorous, and successful, and, ■ 
with the aid of Sir John Colborne, peace and 
harmony were completely restored. In 1839, 
on the union of the provinces, and the app. of 
C. Paulett Thompson as first gov. -gen. of Can- 
ada, Sir George returned home, and was imme- 
diately app. gov. of Bombay. — Mon/an. 

Arthur, Timothy Suat, author, b. near 
Newburg, Orange, Co., N.Y., 1809. He had 
little education ; was apprenticed to a trader in 
Baltimore ; was for several years a clerk, and,ia 
1833, visited the West as agent of a banking 
company. On his return to Baltimore, where 
he pub. a newspaper called the Atluiiueum, he 
began a series of short novels, chiefly of a do- 
mestic character, which have been widely cir- 
culated in newspapers and in cheap editions, 
and were quite popular. For several years, Mr. 
Arthur has been engaged in journalism, and 
has resided in Phila. since 1841. lu connection 
with W. H. Carpenter, lie i)reparcd a series of 
school historiesof several of the States. Among 
his later novels are, " Out in the World," 
" Nothing but Money," and " Our Neighbors." 

Artigas (ar-tee'-gas), Jose, a Montcvidean 
gen., b. ab. 1760; d. Nov. 1825. During the 
insurrection of the Spanish colonies, the fate of 
the new republic of La Plata was for some time 
' in his hands. In 1811, whileacapt. in the royal 
army, he entered the scivice of Buenos Ayres in 
consequence of a quarrel with the gov. of Santo 
Sacramento, and, gaining a victory over the 
royalists at Las Piedras, the junta of Buenos 
Ayres speedily invested him with the command 
of an army with which he.soon brought the Bra- 
zilian Governmentto terms. Having witlidrasvu 
his troops from the siege of Montevideo, the 
jealousy and suspicion of Posadas, the director 
of the junta, were aroused ; and Artigas was 
outlawed. Placing himself at the head of the na- 
tive cattle-drivers of La Plata, called (Juuclios, 
lie made himself master of Santa Fe and Mon- 
tevideo in 1815, and compelled the junta to 
recognize him as independent chief of the liandit 
Oriental. la 1816, the Portuguese again eu- 



A3B 



38 



A3£C 



(Icavorcd to extend their territory to the L;i 
I'liita, but, alter several cnf;ii;;eiiie!its, were 
foreed to leave Arllgas in possession of the 
country. In 1S20, Artij^iis became master of 
the (apitui, in conseqiienco of llie ^loi eminent 
huvhi^- lent itself to u plot lor the esitilili^hnient 
of an hevedilary );overnnient, Init was defeated 
in a decisive battle in (Jet. 18J0, and was, un- 
til his death, a captive in the hands of Francis, 
dictator of l'ara;;nay. He was acti\-u and brave, 
and possessed an iiuloinicabic wi;l. 

Asboth, Alk.xasukk S.iNDoit, bnj,'.-^cn. 
U.b. \ols,, h. Keszthely,Co.of Zain, Hungary, 
Dec. 1!<, lt<ll; d. Uuenos Ay res, Jan. -21, I8I18. 
He studied at Oedenbur);, served in the Aus- 
trian army, and afterwards devoti-d himself to 
en^ineerin:;. Attachinfi; himself to the Liberals 
on the outbreak of the war ol 1 84U-9, he entered 
the Hunj,'arian army, took part in several bat- 
tles, and at the close of the strnj;gle was adj.- 
gen. of the army. Accompanyiri(; Ko-sntli to 
Turkey, lie shared his conKneiuent at Kutainh, 
and on their release, in the autumn of 18.')1, 
came in the fri;:;ate " Mississippi " to the U. S., 
of which he became a citizen. He was succes- 
bively a liirraer, en^'incer, and nianufaetnrer, 
until, in the sprin;; of I8S1, he otl'ered his ser- 
vices to government, and in July went as chief 
of Fremont's staff to Jlissouri'. Sept. 26, he 
was made brig. -gen., and in Fremont's western 
campaign com. the 4tli division. His division 
formed the rearguard on the retreat to Rolla. 
He took an active part in Gen. Curtis's winter 
campaign in Ark, and was prominent in the 3- 
days' battle of Pea Uiilge, where he was severely 
wuunded. In Feb. 186.3, he com. at Columbus, 
Ky..and in Aug. was assigned 10 the command 
of W. Florida. In the tight at Mariana, Fla., 
Sept. 27, 1864, his left cheek bone was broken, 
and his left arm fractured in two places. Brev. 
maj.-gen. for his services in Fla., Mar. 13, 1865; 
resigned Aug. 186.'). The wound in his face li- 
nallv lauMil his death. App. minister to the 
Ar;;eniine Republic in Mar. 1866. 

Asbury, Fr.vscis, bishop of the M. E. 
Church, b. llandsworth, Slalibrdshire, Eng., 
Aug. 20, 1745; d. Spottsylvania, Va., Mar. 
31, 1816. He became an itinerant under Wes- 
ley in his 23d year; came to tiieU. S. in 1771 ; 
in 1772 was app. by Wesley general snjjt. in 
Amer., and held theofflre throu;;hout the Rev- 
olution. At the peace, the Methodists in this 
country organized as a body sejairate from the 
Church of Eng. ; and Asbury was consecrated ^ 
bishop hy Dr. Cokt! in 1784. For 32 years, 
Bishop Asbury travelled yearly through the 
U. S., ordaining not less than 3,0()0 preachers, 
and preaching about 17,000 sermons. 

Asgill, Sir CiiAULLS, ban., a Hritish gen., 
b. 1762; d. July, 1823. Son of Sir Charles, 
alderman of London. Entering the Isi foot 
guards in Feb. 1778, he became a capt. Feb. 3, 
1781, and, joining the army under Cornwallis 
in America, was included in the surrender at 
Yurkto« n. By order of Washington, the cap- 
tuie<l otTi -ers of his rank drew lots, that one 
might siilfer in retaliation for the execution 
of the Amer. eapt. Hudily. The lot fell upon 
Asgill; but by the intervention of the Krencli 
queen, to whom his mother hail nunle most pa- 
thetic apjieals, bo was, after 6 months' deten- 



tion, released by act of Congress. He afterward 
servcil during the Irish rebellion, and attained 
the -rade of gen. June 4, 1814. 

Ashburton, .Vlex.vndeii Bahino, lord, 
many years the head of the great mercantile 
house "Baring Brothers &'C'o.," b. 1774; d. 
Jlay 13, 1848. Son of Sir Fiancis Baring. 
After a husiness-eilr.cation in I..ond., came to 
the U. S. to co-operate in the business of his 
firm. From 1812, until he was raised to the 
peerage in 1835, he was a nieml)er of parlia- 
ment. Commencing political life as a Whig, he 
became, on the formation of the Feel ministry 
in 1834, pies, of the Board of TradO. In 
1842, he was app. by Peel a special commis- 
sioner to settle the Maine boundary dispute, 
which then threatened to Involve us in a war 
with Eng. In conjunction wiih Daniel Wel>- 
st.r, on the part of the U. S., an amicable set- 
tlement was effected, known us the Ashburton 
Ti\atv. In 1798, Lord Ashburton ni. the dau. 
of Win. liinghatn of I'liila. 

Ashby, TuKXEK, brig.-gcn. C.S. A., b. Rose 
Hill, Fauipiier (^o., V'a.. 1824 ; killed near H.it- 
risonburg, Va.. June 6, 1862, in a skirmish pre- 
ceding the battle of Cross Keys. His grand- 
lather. Jack Ashby, was a eapt. in Marshall's 
3d Va. regt. in the Revol. war. He engaged in 
[he grain-business at Markham, Va., and was 
afterward a farnuT and politician. When the 
civil war broke out, he raised a iBgt. of cavalry, 
and, being an accomplished horseman, soon be- 
came celebrated. He was with Gen. T. J. Jack- 
son, covering the retreat of his army before the 
advance of Gen. Banks, and subsequently of 
Gen. Fremont up the Shenandoah, and daily 
skirmishing with the Union vanguard. In May, 
1862, he was app. a brig.-gen. Confed provis- 
ional army. 

Ashe, John, gen., b. Eng., 1721 ; d. Du- 
plin To.. N.C., Oct. 24, 1781. He came to 
Amer. with his father, who settled on Capy 
Fear River, N.C., in 1727. He was some 
years in the Colonial legisl., and was speaker 
in 1762-5; warmly opposed the Stamp Act, 
and, at the head of an armed force, com- 
pelled the stamp-master to resign. As a col. 
of militia, he aided Tryon against the Reg- 
ulators in 1771, but soon became a zealous 
republican. A member of the legisl., of the 
committee of correspondence and of safety, he 
was exceedingly active and vi'^ilant; was one 
of the first projectors of a Provincial Congress ; 
with 500 men, destroyed Fort Johiiscm, in 
1775, and was denounced as a reliel. Member 
of the first Provincial Congress, he rai-c.l and 
equipped a regt. at his own expense ; was 
app., Apr. 23, 1776, brig, of Wilmington dis- 
trict, and, at the close of 1778, joined Lincoln 
in S. C. After his surprise and defeat by 
Gen. Prevost, at Brier (reek. Mar. 4, 1779. 
he returned home. Wilmington liccame a 
British post in 1781 ; and Col. Ashe and his 
family suffered much at their hands. Made a 
pri-oiier, he contracted the smallpox during 
his conlineiuent, of which disease he died. 

Ashe, Joiix Baptistk, soldier and states- 
man, I.. N. C, 1748; d. Nov. 27, 1802. Son 
of Gov. Samuel Ashe. In 1776, licwasacapt. 
in the Continental service, and closed his mili- 
tary career at Eutaw, a licut.-col. He was a 



A-SH 



39 



ASP 



„..,„ber of the State louisl.. Je.e.ate to^e 

^xhibifedhU patriotism ana .«lem^. - t^ 
council of safety, in the f^"»?'Xr in 177'4-6 
which he wiis a leml.ng '"^ »','"" ,,^,',5^; 
a„a also as a soldier u. =-omc ot the ^^" t"-"y-^ 
of the times. Chief-justice of N. C. in 1 " , 
q-, 1,1.1 "ov. of N. C. in li9a-8. 

Ashe, Col. Samcel, son ot the preced- 
in- b 176a; d. near FayetteviUc, ^.C., ^o . 
;'"lS34 V; was a Rev6l soldier ; was made 
prisoner at the capture of Charleston n -SO. 
^,d, after his exchanjre. served t" th'^;™;!"^ ^^^. 
war • first under Lafayette, and finally umki 
G ,: Greene. He subsequently -i--"- , > 
the State Assembly the county of New Hano 
over ill niany years. He was a man of great 
kindness and benevolence. 

Ashe, Thomas, clerk, on hoard his Majes- 
tv'frhip " The Richmond," sent ou in 1680 
pnb.on'his return in 168^. "«"",• "ri;" 
i escription of the Present State of that 
Count,'- V, and the Natural Exeellenees thereof 
&c. It forms -26 8vo pa-es in the ei nt m 
Carroll's Hist. Coll. of S. C. — D„ycUn,k. 

Ashe Thos., called Capt. Ashe, an English 
traTdli?,' author of " Travels in America m 
18U6 ; " d. 1833. _ ,, ,, 

Ashley, John, maj -gen., d Sheffield Ms 
\ov 5 179'J,a.63. Y.C. 1758. Son of Col. 
John one of the settlers, in 1732, of Hous- 
satmi'iiuc, afterward Sheffield, who d. there 
Sep I, 802. a. 92. Gen A. com. the m.l.tia 
«•& dispersed the insurrectionary lorce of 
Slm"s at'sheffield. Feb. 26, 1787. He was a 
lawv'cr, and held many inibbc trusts. 

Ashley, JONA THAN n»nYter Of \\ es.fieUl . 
nd sub»e.4ueiulv of Deerhcld, Ms. b 1 .13 
I. there June. 1787. Y. C. 1730. Old 1.38 



i;r:m.::f:;™nsu;ind;wasanearnesc 

•ind pnn-ent preacher, and a warm losahst 

cofisciuenc^ of which, and of the unpnul t. 

boldness with which be expressed lis sent- 

r';;^ii;f"anrr:^rr"'chif 

Cl'aritjV 1742; "A Letter to W. Cooper." 

'^Aahlev Gks. William H., b. Powhatan 
Co vT^b 1778; d. near Booneville. Mo.. 
Mar n IS38. He emi-rated to JIissouii. 
?hc: Upper La.; in 1808 settled near 
e leadiuincs, and became br,-.-sen. of 
m'ilit'r In .822, he projected the ' ^^Mtn-a,n 
Kxpedition." unitin;; the . I'"!^,^" , '\;, 
the Kocky Mountains with huntin}; ami 

rippms enlisted ab. 300 hardy men m the 
l"';ncss.'from *hich they realized handsome 

rortu:.es. He was the first l.ent.-pv. ot Mo.. 

and .M. r. from 1831 to 1837. - Aa"'"""- 
Ashmead, Isaac. ?""'<•■■•,, '.":''" 'j"'',. " 

compo>ition prialin-rollers, d. Ph da., Ma . 1 , 

187 a 80. He was a founder ol the An.cr.S. 

sridon and aided in estat)lishin- the ^m.r. 

r^^:^!^ the Presl. Qnarterl, lieo,e.o. 



Ashmun, Kli Porter, lawyer, b. Bland 
(,„t ^{7 Jine 24, 1770; d. Northampton. 
M-n- 10 1819. Middlebury Coll. 180'. He 
prabiised law in his native town until 1807 ; 
ws several vears in the house an.l senate of 
M ;■ and was U. S. senator from 1816 until his 
resignation in May, 1818. He received an 
honorary de^'i-ce from H. U. in 1809. 

Ashiaun, George, lawyer and pobtieian, 
h Blamlfurd Ms, Dec. 25, 1804; d. Spnn-- 
Hcd JuU17 1870. V.C.1823. He settled 
in SpriiL-fieldasalawycr in 1828; was some 
vears in the le-isl., and was speaker in 1841. 
'M C 184.5-31 ; and pres. of the Chica'io Nnt. 
Kcpub Convemion in 1860. He was an able 
debater and a sterhn- )'•'""">'■ .. .„„_ 
Ashmun, Jehcd., a^-ent of 'he ^^"Y,; 
Colonization Soc, h. Champl.im N. \ ., Ap. . 
17<)4- d Au-. 25, 1828. U.iwd. toll. ISlb. 
\tK'r' preparing for the ministry, he was for a 
;iio ' ne prof, in the Ban-or Thcol. Sem 
Ke 1 ovin,' to^he Dist. of Colunibia, he edued 
be m^hikal lie,,osilo,-!i. A,.p. t" take 
charge of 'a re-enforeement to tl^e colony at 

Liberia, he arrived at Cape M^A^.'-;™;^"^ ^J^rl 
8 18>' He was legislator, soldier and engi 
neer laying out Ibrtifications, and superm- 
teiul'inr^.heir construction, though suffering 
g al affli.-tion from the loss of his wife, am 
Faborin- under an attack of fever. A^- ''"^^^ 
mon.hs^ifter his arrival, his force of 35 men 
am boys was attacked by 800 armed sava-ie., 
who,;lrepulsed, and a second 'nne .ofeate^^ 

them a few days later. ^^I'f "^j.' '^> , ,' X 
to take a voyage to Amer., he d. a foi tniglil alter 
h° ' arrivrat New Haven. He ,n.b. " Memoirs 
o Ue V Samuel Bacon," 1822, and paners^n he 
A^!lan%po^ilory.-See Life hy ii. R- Gurley. 

^'Ashmun, Johk Hooker, legal scholar, 
b. BlSd Ms., July 3, 1800; d. Cam- 
brid-e Ms., Apr. 1, 1833. Son of El P. H 
U 18 8 He became associated with Judge 

honors of the university were nevermore wo • 
hilv bestowed," and " he gathered about hi.u 
all the honors which are usually the harvest ot 

"'iSwail, Col. Thomas, b^ Brookli^^ie. 
1 9^ 1786 H U. 1804. Son. of Ur. 
lay 23,_ liSb. ii. <-> s„iiivan. 



t,l '1le'::^ie,riawwitlh-Wm.Sullj^n. 
L at the commencement of -he ^^_ar of 81 
was a practitioner at the bar. App. m.y. J » 
US Inf. which ho aided in raising. Ma . 
19 181'^ 1 e receive.1 the brcvs of l>c«t.-col. 
k; <'allantry at Sacketfs Harbor, May 29, 
Tl.3: and of eol. for Brown's sortie from 
Fort Erie, in which he lost an arm. Sei)t. 1-, 
[su and was also disting. in Gaines s victory 



40 



ATK 



serve! as a vol. at Lexington, then as n 
surgeon, an, afterward as deputy .lia-ctor of 
a military hospital at Jamaica Plain. He 
nfterwnr.1 en-a-e.! in inoculation lor small- 
pox and erected hospitals in Brookline for 
tllatpni pose, and adopted vaccine inoculation 
a? soon as it was iiiiioduced inio the U S 
-Many years a menihcr of the house and senate 
t ,;: "'. .1°'^ ""^ e.xeeutive council, also a 
Jiistice of the peace, and was in politics a 
decided Uepu 1, lean. He was hlind for several 
u-ar, before Ins Jeath. William, his eldest 
son also a phy.viciaii of Brookline, d. 1.S18 

fo^U^\]>;r •'^^■""' «,»«"l"'/ ".eiehant. 
loumei ot the Astor Lil.rarv of X V |, 
Haldorf, (Germany. July 17. 1763; d. n". v' 
City, Maicli 29. 1848. At the a-e of 16 he 
joined h„ elder hro.. a dealer in' ,nii..ieal i ! 

Z7Z'%::yr'°'\ '"'''''''■''■'''' '^-""^^ 

siocK ul (ins. I)ey;an business in N Y IT.. 
earned on a fur-trade will, the Indians' and 
e.Ntend,ng his business to ,he Coliimb a k"' r' 
founded there, in 1 81 1 , Astoria. He „ as Ion- 

tmne,l, a,>,o„f. other charitable provisions one 

naiUL Miia-e. The incidents of the establish 
ment of As.oiiaaie narrated bv IrviiU", ll 
^.Astoria and in his "Life of Capt.^Bonn^ 



.,^»^^-;':Sd°i;v^5-^v 
i;r^i;^:;p;^^a^-„^^i^t^.l^:? 

posed his eldest brother Hiiesear, and .'ougl u 
W secure his seat bv the murder of his children 
The civil war which ensued enabled Pizarro to 
obtain a foothold in Peru. Obtaii i ,(l "ssc^" 
sion of the inca s person by ,reaeher,t le was 
for some time kept in respecful cu todvTo 
i.sue such orders as the <o,K,uerors dictat ■] 
hii at leii,j,h. to prevent coniemion ab. t e i! 
Y>'on of Ins ransom between his captors and 
the newly-arrived troops of Alina^ro he was 
alter a mock trial, strangled at the stake. ' 

U^^f^^^^'^V'"" '*■■ L^S-^enator from 
MO., 1S4I-.1.1. b. I'lo^rtown. Fatctte Co Kv 
Aug. I , ,807. He .settled in Lilx-riy (Ja Mb' 
n April, , 8.TO ; practised law ; was a Inembcr of 
he Mo le«isl. ,n 18.M and 18.38; and, in Feb. 
841, was app. juil^e of the Platte Co Circuit 
\^U P'j^;«-/"« "■'"•U.S. senate, 1846-9 and 
l8.>2-4. I lominent in the le-risl. upon the or- 
ganization of the Territories of KansVanTxe- 
inTh^"bm" "'T' •" '"»:<'°".^'i""t«l -lie clause 
WL '^I"^" '"*-' "'« ^i'^'oun Compromise. 
1 e v.ts a proslavery leader in the Kansas 
mmbks m I806-7. Resides in Clinton Co., 

Atherton, Charlks Gordon sen..fni- 
son of Charles H., b. Amherst NH 4 I.?v' 
.804; d. Manchester, N.U.. 15 Nov. 8.4 rt' 

oflice in Nashua, an.l afterward in Dunstable • 
«asmanyyoarsal)einoc member of the N H 
leijisl., and t iree years speaker of the House.' 



M.C. 1837-43; U. S. senator 184.3-9 and 
a^jain in 1853. and ehnirman of the filia'co 
eommiaee. 11 Dec. 18.38. he introduced ^^ 
soy s declaring that '• Congress has no jurit 
diction over the institution of slavery in ,he 
several .States of theeonfedeiacv. and tl t al! 
peiitions relaiing ,0 slavery, or to its ill '"ion 

rule w ?"• r ""'" ''■'"'""' ■■'-■'""<'■" 'i'l»^e 
lules «ere in force until 184.5. 

ua. He descended Iroin .James, one of the 
law't""";" ,^^"^'''.*'«'-. «- ; 1*^"'" to practi 
ia« m Amherst in 1797; soon est^iblishcd a 
reputation lor solid attainments and exact hV 
Its of .uvest.gatioa; and was register of p^o^ 
bate from 1798 to 18^17. M.C. 781.5-17 and 
an an ent meinl«;r of the Federal partv. Mem 

tion , ^'il"f;'« ,^:"n"-ibutions tothecollcc- 

Atherton, Hcmpmrkv. maj.gcn a dis- 
inguishcl Ms. soldier; d. Bosto^ sV,u 7 

f' . • 'T le'.l'r'"'""'" 'T '""'-■ "«= can 'e'iro;.i 
•t-ng. all. 16.J6, at which time he signed the 
covenant ol the church at Dorchester" Adm 

from 1 orehester for that year, and in 1639. 41 
ami 53, from Springfield, when he was chosen 
speaker. Capt. ot the Art. Co. 1650. l" 
I6o4. and (rom 1664 to his .1. he was assist 
and in 6.,6. maj.-gen. He was much emp o xd 
m nego tiaiions with the Indians. The niamicr 

one ."f ,< ■ '/■ '^"'"'"'•"'"l on by Hubbard as 
"'"«''f'''e judgments of God. 
b 11^.,®''';°^? JosHiTA. lawyer and loyalist, 
V ,V"V"''' ils., June 20, 1737; d AmVr.-t 

Co P,'"' 'r'r"*"^- "• U- '"'^-'. Son of 
eol. leier ol Lancaster. He studied law be- 
gan practice at Petersham, removed to Li'tch- 
held. and in 1773, with the app. of rc-isier of 
probate of Hillsborough Co., t'o' Amh^r'^ her^ 
tX^"''':.r^"y' ""'" ■■q'-tation in his pro! 
tcs.sion. 1 hough an open and firm loyalist 
and subjected to all the insults and indignities 
bestowed on such, he refused to fly. Havin ' 
taken the oath of alle-iance to the U S he 
was in 1,,9 admitted to practise in the Su'pe" 
nor Court Gradually recovering his lost 
popularity, he became a member o? the Con 
vention to adopt the Federal Constitution, a"id 
ed the opposition. He objected to the provU^ 
ions coieerning slaves and slavery. Subse- 
quently he was elected to the house mid senate 
of N. H and in 1793 was made attorney-gen. 
of the htate. His last office was that J ^o„]- 
missioiier for U. S. direct tax. He was ".!. 
iiiarkable lor courtesy, urbanity, and other 
social ,|ualities. — .S<//„«e. 

a Jettersoii Barracks, .Mo . a. 60. He was app 
f.om N.C. capt. 3d Inf. July 1. |808; ins,«.: 
o -ge... Apr. 25. 1813; col. 4ith Inf Apr.'lS, 
1814, biig.-gen. May 13, 1820; adjutaiit-jren 
■ une 1 1821, and com. the Western aimf „ 
tl e leleat 01 the Sac Indians under Black 
ilawk, near Bad Axe Uivcr. Aug. 2 I83'> His 
bro. Gen HiciiARD served in XlC. le-isl ■ was 
col of a XX;. rcitt. in the Creek war {ISI3I14): 
d. Person Co., X.C., Dec. 3, 1821 



ArrK. 



41 



-A.TXB 



Atkinson, Theodore. judLre, b. Newcas- 
tle. X.U., Dec. -'O, 169: ; cl. Scpt^ 22, 1779. H. 
U. 1718. Son of Col. Tiieoilore. Sec. of tlie 
Colonv in 1741, eliiel -justice in 17.i4, and 
maj.-gen. of militia in 1769. The Rcvol. de- 
prived him of all these olficcs. A deles^ate to 
the Conjjrcss at Albany in 1754, he was one 
of the eonimittee which drew up the plan of 
union for the defence of the Colonies. Manv 
years in the lc;.'isl. and council; he also held 
the offices of clerk of the C. C. P., col. of 
militia, and in active service durin;; the 
French and Itnlian wars ; collector of Ports- 
mouth, and sheritf. At his death, he left £-200 
to the Epis. Chnrch of Portsmouth, the inter- 
est to he spent in bread for the poor. 

Atkinson, TiiEODontj, Jun., his son, b. 
Portsmoiuh, A|.r. 29, 1737 ; d. Oct. 23, 1769. 
H. U. 17.')7. Was a memlicr of the council, 
and sec, of the Colony, 1760-9. 

Atkinson, Willum Kisg, lawver, h. 
Portsmouth, X.H., Jan. 6, 1764; d. Sept. 29, 
1 820. H. U. 178.3. He changed his name, 
which was Kin;;, from re>peet to h's relative. 
Judge A. Commencing the practice of law 
at Dover, N.II., he acquired high repute, was 
many years register of probate, was attorney- 
gen., and afterward a ju.stice of the Supreme 
Court. 

Atlee, Samuel John, col. Revol. armv, 
b. 1738; d. Phila., Nov. 1786 He com. "a 
Pennsylvania company in the French war. 
Aug. 27, 1776, he.com. an advanced battalion 
on Long Island, and was made prisoner, re- 
maining some time in the hands of the British. 
He was afterward a commissioner to treat with 
the Indians. Member of the Continental Con- 
gress in 1778-82, and one of the committee on 
• the mutiny of Pa. troops in 1781. 

Atlee, W.tSHisGTON L., M.D., lecturer 
and medical writer, b. Lancaster, Pa., Feb. 22, 
1808. Has contrib. many valuable papers to 
the medical journals of the U. S., and is the 
author of 13 pamphlets, lectures, and addresses 
on medicine, chemistrv, botany, &c. — Allihone. 

Atondo y Antillon, Isi doro, a Spanish 

admiral coiicertied in the colonization of Lower 
Califoniia; d. in the latter jiart of the 17th 
century. He sailed from Chacala, May 18, 
1683, with two vessels equipped at his own 
cost. Landing Oct. 6 in a great bay situated 
in latitude 26° .30', which he called St. Bruno, 
he built a church, and took possession of the 
territory of Lower California for the crown 
of Spain. After a year's exploration of the in- 
terior, during which 400 Indians were baptized, 
discouraged by the sterility of the soil, Aton- 
do quitted the bay, returned to Cinaloa, where 
lie had formerly revictuallcd his ships, and en- 
gaged in pearl-fishing. Ordered back to St. 
Bruno, he declined to remain there, and, after 
spending three years, returned. Atondo was 
charged with a m-w expedition in 1686; but 
none took place until 8 years after, when 
Francisco de Ilamnrra undertook it, and the 
colonization was afterward completed by the 
fathers Kino and Salva Tierra, who accompa- 
nied Atondo. — ,\V>//y. /i/oy. Gen. 

Attucks, Crispus, a mulatto, or half-In- 
dian, a resident of Framinghani, Ms. Killed 
Mar. 5, 1770, in the affray known as the Bos- 



ton Massacre, in which he was a ringleader. 
Several affrays had recently taken i)lace be- 
tween the people and the soldiery, who were 
mutually exa^perated. Leading his party to 
King Street to attack the main guard, .Attucks 
seized the bayonet. of, a solilier, knocked him 
down, and, in the fatal discharge which fol- 
lowed, was the first to fall. The fnn..-ral of 
the victims was attended with great pomp and 
solemnity. The shops were all closed, and all 
the bells of the town were tolled, as were those 
of the neighboring town.s. The Massacre, as 
it was called, was commemorated yearly by an 
oration in Boston, and was effectively "used to 
stimulate the Uevol. sentiments of the people. 
Atwater, Caleb, author, b. N. Adams, 
Ms., Dee. 2:-), 1778 ; d. Circleville, 0., Mar. 13, 
1867. Williams Coll. 1804. He practised law ; 
removed to O. in 1811 ; was some years 
member of the legisl., and postmaster of Cir- 
cleville; and was an Indian commissioner un- 
der Jackson. Author of a " Tour to Prairie 
du Chien in 1829," I2mo, Columbus, 1831 ; 
" Western Antiquities," 18.33 ; " Writings of 
Caleb Atwater," 8vo, 1833; "History of 
Ohio," 8vo, 1838 ; and " Essay on Education," 
1841. 

Atwater, Jeremi.vh, D.D. (Dick. Coll. 
1810), first pres. of Middlebury Coll., Vt., 
1800-9 ; pres. of Dick. Coll. Pa.] 1 809-1 .■> ; b. 
N. Haven, Ct., 1774; d. there 29 July, 1858. 
Yale Coll. 1793.' Tutor there, 1795-9. 

Aubert Dubayet (o-bair du-bar-ya), 
JeaS- Bapt. A.nnibale, a French soldier, b. 
La., Aug. 19, 1757; d. Constantinople, Dec. 
17, 1797. In 1780, he was a lieut. in the regt. 
Bourhonnais in the army of Rochambeau, serv- 
ing in America; and at the outset of the 
French Revol. was a capt. of cavalry in gar- 
rison at Metz. A deputy in the legislative 
assembly in 1791, he was in 1792 its pres., and 
a defender of Lafayette. Brig. -gen. in 1 793, ho 
defended Maycnce, and on its surrender led the 
garrison against the Vendeans, who defeated 
him at Clisson. In 1795, he com. the army of 
the coast of Cherbourg, but was called to the 
ministry of war by the Directory, and 3 inonths 
later was sent ambassador to Constantinople, 
where he died. • 

Auberteuil, Hillard d', see Hilliard 
d'A. 

Aubry, capt.. Knight of St. Louis; d. 
Feb. 24, 1770. Made prisoner by Sir Wra. 
Johnson at Niagara, in 1759, and was in com. 
of 4 conipam'es at N. Orleans, where he suc- 
ceeded to the government of La., Feb. 4, 1765. 
In Mar 1766, he surrendered the cokny to 
Gov. Ulloa, upon whose expulsion in 1768, he 
continued to administer the government until 
relieved by Gen. O'Reilly, in July, I7t;9. He 
then sailed for Bordeaux, anil was wrecked in 
the Garrone, nearly all on board perishing. — 
0-Ca'h,,ih„n. ^ 

Aubrey, Col. Thomas, a British officer; 
d. .Jan. 15. 1814. Son of Sir Thomas. En- 
sign 0th Foot, Oct. 26, 1762; capt. 47th, 1771, 
and en^a-edat Bunker Hill, 1775; maj. 1782. 
He served ihrongh the Amer. war, particular- 
ly disiingnishing himself in commanil of the 
troops upon Diamond Island, where he aiqnit- 
ted himself so as to receive the thanks of the 



AUG 



42 



A.-UG 



commniuler in chief. M. P. for Wullini'fonI, 
1784-ilO. 

Auchmuty, RonEHT, nn eminent lawyer, 
d. Udstun, Apr. IT.iO. His father, the descend- 
ant of un iinciunt Scotch huronial hunilv, settled 
in Enjr. ; hut Kohcrt, Kfter receiving' his educa- 
tion in Uuhlin, and studying law at the Temple, 
came to this eoniitrv ah. thecoinnicneementof 
the 18th century, and estahlished him.^elf at 
Boston, where lie was in practice ah. the year 
1719. In Sept. 17.3.'}, he was made judneof the 
Court of Ailmiralty; and in 1740 was one of the 
directors of the Land Bank. In 1741, he was 
sent to Eng. a.s a;ceiit for the Colony in the 
boundary dispute with U. I. While there, ho 
advocateil the expcd. to Cape Breton in a pam- 
phlet, eniitled "The Importance ot (^ape Breton 
to the BriiLsh Nation, and a Plan lor taking the 
Place." His talents were extraordinary ; and 
he was famous for his wit and shrewdness. To 
him, it is said, the profession in Ms. is indebted 
for the high character it has since maintained. 
He was a resident of Koxburv from 17.i;3 till 
his death. He left two sons, Samuel and Rob- 
ert; a dau., \yho became the wile of Chief-Jus- 
tice Benjamin Pratt of N.V. ; and also a third 
son Jatnes, a talented lawyer, and a judge in 
Nova Scotia. 

Auchmuty, Robkrt, lawyer, son of the 
prwcdirig, b. Uoston ; d. Mar'yiebonc, Eng., 
Dec. 1788. His great natural talents and in- 
dustry enabled hi ii to dispense with acollegiate 
education. He was an eloquent and successful 
adyocate, and, with Adams and Quiucy, de- 
fended Capt. Preston and the British soldiers 
engaged in the Boston Massacre. He was 
judge of admiralty from 1769 till 1776, when, 
being a zealous royalist, he went to Eng. His 
letters to persons in Eng. were sent to Araer., 
with those uf (Jov. Hutchinson, by Franklin, in 
177;i, and created great excitement. 
Auchmuty, Sa.muel, D.l)., bro. of the 

S receding, an Episcopal clergyman, b. Boston, 
an. 16, 1722; d. N.Y., JIar.'e, 1777. H. U. 
1742. He studied in Eng. ; wa3ord.,and apj). an 
assist.ininisterof Trinity Church, N.Y., and in 
1764, upon the death of the rector, was assigned 
the charge of all the churches in that city. Op- 
posed, like most of- his Epi.scopal brethren, to 
the Rcvol , he continued to read ])ravers in 
his church for the king, until Lord Snrling, 
while in command in X. Y., compelled him to 
close his church. When the British obtained 
possession of the city, he resolved to return, but, 
not being allowed to pass the Amer. lines, re- 
tuniid on foot by a circuitous route, alter un- 
dciiroiiig great hardships. His church and 
p.uxiiiagc liad been burnt to the ground, and 
his papers and the church-records all destroyed. 
The Sunday following, he preached in" St. 
Paul's for the last time; an illness, brought 
on by his exposure and hardships, terminating 
his life in u tew davs. He received his degree 



of D.l). from Oxford, and from Kings Co 
in 1767. Trumhid! calls him a " high-church 
clcri;ytnaii," and makes him the subject of re- 
mark in " .Mil''ini.'al." 

Auchmuty, Sib Samitel, a British gen., 
son of Rev. Samuel, b, N.Y'., June 22, 17.58; 
d. Dublin, Aug 11, 1822. Kings Coll. 1775. 
He volunteered in the 45th Foot in Aug. 1776 ; 



was in the battles of Brooklyn and White 
Plains ; and, after serving in three campaigns 
against his countrymen, procured a captaincy 
ill the 75th, with w'hich he served in India from 
178.'i to 1796, and was at the Hrst siege of Se- 
ringa|)atam. He was adj.-gcn. to Abercrom- 
by's exped. to Egypt in 1800; was employed 
as a brig.-gen. in South America in 1806; and, 
in Feb. 1807, took by assault, after a most de- 
termined resistance, the fort and city of Monte- 
video, for which he was thanked byjjarliament. 
In 1810, ho com. the forces in tbe'Carnatic ; in 
1811, reduced the valuable settlements of Java 
and Batavia, was again thanked by parlia- 
ment, and, returning to Eng. in 1813, was 
made a lieut.-gen., and in 1822 commander ia 
chief in Ireland. 

Audubon, John Ja.mks, ornithologist, b. 
N. Orleans, .May 4, 1780 ; d. Minniesland, near 
N. Y., Jan. 27, 1851. His father had been an 
admiral in the French navy. From his earli- 
est years, his parents trained his mind to the 
study of Nature. He v/at educated at I'aris, 
where he attained considerable skill a-; a painter^ 
under the tuition of the celebrated David. At 
17, he returne.l home, and began a collection of 
drawings of the " Birds of America." His fa- 
ther gave him a farm in Pa., and he married. 
"For a jieriod of nearly 20 years," he says in 
the preface to his great work, " my life was a 
series of vicissitudes. I tried various branches 
of commerce; but theyall proved unprofitable." 
As early as 1810, he sailed down the Ohio with 
his wile and child in an open boat, in search of 
a congenial spot for his forest home. Devoting 
all his energies to his favorite pursuit, hardly a 
region in the U. S. was left unvisited. Wil.son 
the ornithologist was his comjianion in some 
of his Western excursions. In 1811, Audubon- 
visited Florida, gathering by his rifle and pen- 
cil the subjects of his great work. With a view 
to its publication, he went to Phila. and N.Y. 
in 1824, and in 1826 to Europe, to obtain sub- 
scribers. From Herschel, Cuvier, and Hum- 
boldt, whom he had known in Amer., he bad 
a warm reception. " The Birds of America " 
appeared in numbers, begiiiiung in 1825, and 
was completed in 4 vols., June 20. 1838, ex- 
ceeding Ijy its merits all expectation. In 1829, 
he returned to the U.S. ; and, renewing his 
explorations, found materials for a new work, 
called " Ornithological Biographies." He vis- 
ited Eng. in 1 834, and, returning in 1839, estab- 
lished himself on the banks of the Hudson. 
There, with the aid of Dr. Bachman, he pre- 
pared "The Quadrupeds of America," pub. in 
1850. He was a man of simple manners, but 
of marked characteristics of genius and energy. 
He was assisted in some of his labors by his two 
sons, the younger of whom, John W., d. Feb. 
21, 1862, while preparing a new edition of the 
"Birds of America," afterward completed and 
pub. by his widow in 1869. 

Augur, ('iinisToi'iii:R Colon, brig.-gen. 
U.S.A., b. N Y. ab. 1821. West Point, 1843. 
App. from Mich., he entered the 2d Inf. ; was 
aide-de-camp during the Mexican war to Brig.- 
Gen. Hopping, and, after his death, to Gen. Ca- 
leb Cashing; capt. Aug. 1, 1852; and was 
in 1855-6 disting. in several conflicts with the 
Indians of Oregon. Maj 13th Inf. May 14, 



AXTGr 



43 



-A.TJS 



1861, he wns a short time com. of cadets at 
West Point, and Nov. 12 became brig. -yen. of 
vols. He was first assigned a cominaml in Mc- 
Dowell's corps ; in July, 1862, took a division 
iti the army corps of Gen. Banks, and was 
wounded at the battle of Cedar Mountain, Aug. 
9, 1862. In Oct., he was a member of the court 
of inquiry to investigate the surrender of Har- 
])cr's Farry, and in Nov. was ordered to report to 
Gen. Banks for service in his Southern exped. 
He was made maj.-gen.9 Aug. 1862; col. 12th 
Inf. Mar. 15, lo66; Mar.4, 1869, brig.-gen. U. 
S. A. lie w(m the brevets of brig.-gen. U. S. 
A. at the capture of Port Hud.son, and miij.- 
gen. for services in the field during the Rebellion. 
He com. the dept. of Washington from Oct. 
1863 to Aug. 1SG6. Assigned to the dept. of 
the Platte in 1867. 

Augur, IIezekhh, sculjitor, b. Feb. 21, 
1791, X. Haven, Ct. ; d. there ,Jan. 10, I8.->8. 
Not succeeding in trade, he turned his attention 
to art, and in 1827 cbiselleda Washington and 
a Sappho. He produced several works, the best 
of which is his "Jephthah and his Daughter," 
in the Trumbull Gallery of Yale Coll. Pos- 
sessing also much mechanical genius, his inven- 
tion of the carving machine is now in general 
and successful use. A. M. of Y. C. 183.-1. 

Augustus, .John, a philanthropic shoe- 
m:iker of 15'iston ; d. there June 21, I8.)9, a. 7-t. 
For more than 20 years he attended the crimi- 
nal courts for the pur|iose of endeavoring to re- 
claim the poor and unfortunate, to whom his 
purse an<i his house were always open. 

Aulick, John H.,commo.'U. S. N., b. Va. 
Midshipman, Nov. 15, 1809 ; master's mate in 
the ae;ion between "The Enterprise" and 
"Boxer," Sept. 4, 1813; lieut. Dec. 9, 1814; 
com. Mar 3, 1831 ; capt. Sept. 8, 1841 ; commo. 
r tired list, July 16, 1862. He com. sloop 
" Vincennos." 1837 ; East India squad. 1852-3. 

Aury, Lets de, was fiom New Grenada; 
became a lieut. in the navy, 9 June, 1813 ; and 
com. the naval forces of New Grenada at the 
siege of Carth.^gcna. Sept. I, 1816, he ac- 
companied Herrera to Texas as commo. of the 
united fleets of the Republics of Mexico, Vene- 
zuela, La Plata, and New Grenada ; was a))p. 
gov. of Texas and Galveston Island, and helJ 
the office until 1817. In July, 1817, he aided 
Sir Gregor M'Gregor in the exped. against 
Florida ; and afterwards assisted the patriots 
of the South Amer. republics. He ra. a lady 
of N. Orleans, resided there some time, and 
was in 1845 at Havana Ymikum's Texas. 

Austin, David, h. N. Haven, 1760. Yale 
Coll. 1779. Minister of Elizabcthtown, N.J., 
from 1788 to 1797, when dismissed for his 
second-advent opinions, and of IJozrah, Ct., 
from 1815 to his death, Norwich, Feb. 5, 1831. 
He pub. the "American Preacher," by various 
ministers, 4 vols., "The Downfall of Babylon," 
and some sermons, and edited a commentary 
on the Bible. 

Austin, BEN.JAMIX, political writer, b. 
Boston, 1752 ; d. there May 4, 1820. Son of 
Benjamin, who d. Boston, Mar. 14, 1806, a 89. 
His mother was a Waldo. He was a merchant 
and a political writer before the Revol. In 
1784, he engaged in business with his bro. J. 
L. Austin. Ue engaged zealously on the 



Democ. or Republican side of the violent po- 
litical controversy, which terminated in the 
triumph of Jetf'erson, and was app. by him 
commissicmer of loans' for Ms.. He was a 
member of the house and senate of Ms , and was 
long known as a writer in the /»(/<■/«;»/< «/ 
Cliroiiide, under the signatures of Hnin'slus and 
Old Houlli. His essays nnder the latter title 
were pub. in 8vo, in 1803. His son Ciiakles 
attempted, in 1806, to chastise Tbos. O. 
Selfridge for abuse of his father, and was 
killed by him in Slate Street, Boston. Selfridgo 
was tried and acquitted. 

Austin, James Tkecotiiic, LL.D., law- 
yer and author, b. Boston, Jan. 7, 1784; d. 
there May 8, 1870. H. U. 1802. Son of 
Jonathan L. Austin. He was town advocate 
in 1809, member of the State legisl., county 
attorney for Suffolk, 1812-32, and attorney-gen. 
of Ms. in 1832-43. He delivered an oration 
at Lexington, July 4, 1815; edited the Emer- 
ald, a literary periodical; was a contributor 
to the Christian Examtnn- and to various polit- 
ical journals ; pub. several orations and other 
similar productions, and in 1828 a "Life of 
Elbridge Gerry," who.se dau. he in. in 1806. 
He was an anti-Federalist, and a decided op- 
ponent of the antislavery movement. 

Austin, Jo.VATiiAN LoRiNG, B merchant, 
b. HosioM, Jan. 2, 1748 ; d. there Mav 10, 
18^6. H. U. 17GG. Sonof Hon. Benj. Austin. 
He became a merchant in Portsmouth, N.H. ; 
was maj. in Laiigdon's regt. ; became aide-de- 
camp to Gen. Sullivan, and was sec. of the 
board of war in Ms. until Oct. 1777. De- 
spatched to 1' ranee with the news of Burgoyne's 
surrender, and to obtain supplies of clothing, 
&c., for the army, the good Dr. Chauney prayed, 
that, " whatevermight befall the young man, the 
packet might be preserved." Arriving in Nov., 
Dr. Franklin transferred to the messenger of 
such glorious tidings the affection of a father ; 
constituted him additional private sec, and 
sent him as an agent to London. Charged 
with the despatches of the commissioners to 
Congress, he arrived in Phila., May, 1779. 
Sent to Europe by the State of Ms.i in Jan. 
1 780, to negotiate a loan, he was captured on 
the passage; was liberated in Eng. by means 
of his old friends, but did not succeed in his 
mission, and returned in the fall of 1781. 
He served many years in the State senate ; 
represented Cambridge in the legisl., and was 
successively elected sec. and treas. of the 
State. He delivered the oration, July 4, 1786, 
in Boston. — Loriny's Bost. Orator i. 

Austin, CoL. Jonathan Williams, son 
of liiiij., a Uevol. patriot, b. Boston, Ajtr. 18, 
1751 ; d. in a Southern State in the summer 
of 1778. H.U. 1769. He read law with John 
Adams ; was adm. to the .Suffolk bar, July 27, 
1772 ; was a member of the Middlesex con- 
vention in 1774, and chairman of the com- 
mittee that prepared resolutions adopted by 
the convention. Maj. in the army of the 
Revol., and in 1776 com. at Castle William. 
He wrote poetical and political essays, and de- 
livered the oration on the Boston Massacre, 
March 5, 1778. — Lorini)'s Boston Orators. 

Austin, Rev. John Mather, b. N.Y., 
1805. Author of " Voice to Youth," " Voice tu 



AX7S 

ii'iiii (^[. ; ,1. Loiiisianii, June 10 lS9i r • 
«nitiii.' West wid. I,, f ,'.•*'■ '^""- 

enterprise was siKvos"n K. ^'••''■' an<l the 

dismissed Jan. 19 1790. „,r,i ' '**' '"" "'" 

«<.rt lie became ce e irnri'.) (X- i.- "'>^>-»'i-r. 
and leiiniin- .in,i , „ "^ '"'* eloquence 

occasioT, ' his ^ ,'^:";'"° ff «"•' ■"".«"»i"es 
F-..he las. th r ea^ oMiriTf: '". "''• 
Paiti.llv deranged. -He nirh A V ' *"=, "'"^ 
" ij I ?, ' i^etlers on Bantism " lans . 
.licj.ly to Merill's Letters " ISi K ™fi- ^ ' 
tions on Several 7.', n,i '*'^° - ' T'lsseria- 
Christian Sly '" f^r'f ^"l^'" "^ 
sermons, oration ^-Ti^/d «, Tresses aT""''"^'' "'" 
-s^n.H.ntionstot.ieSSst^.I^'S: 

prosecute the irrant for h„ r ■* ^'.'^^l, to 
colony previoufirtued to h™fir °','' 
went to the citv of Mi-xiL ,?i • "''""■' ''« 
fi"ne,l Feb. 1^ ."823 Bv,'"'" " "."^ ™"- 
wi.h almost ab^ol'fe poi^ ;^,'rr T coZi'f 

ofwi^hhe^:^t^r""'^T-.^le's:;: 

.'. .8^3. wi:,fot"thtco: crnTe''o? ^ II"'- 

centr.il srovernnient at Me\icii fn ,j . • • 
ratification In ,■„„.. •"'•''""; '« obtain its 
met wi , H, ,, ' r'''.'^'"''' "• ."'« <'••''".« he 

""dor i^ : ;, '"i^ s':^"^" "':'• »'«,« 

Arrested, an,l taken m,I. vr '•'-'' "' '^-*- 

the"ar"v"rSo;"i835"i;'} r ~"-^"-' 

commissioner to ho US h""" "'"''"""'= 
Tex. in Julv i«4 ^i^' ?"= returned to 
death, "a Jn'J'e.?' ,:'"'• "' ."'« 'ime of his 

>he offici. i re ?"f^ on of rifv"" ■'"?^ '" °'""''' 
A hloTnjMrP ,,."»" independence. 

toh;u-r;::;;;;;[^;;;;;;]'yM.B.Lama^assaid 

Austin, WitL.AM, la,yyer and author, b. 



44 



AVBj 



Charlesmwn, Ms., Mar. 2, I77S- d ,1,. 
June U7. 1841. H.u. 1799.' in 180 h.'* 
Iivcred an oration at riT,..! ■ "'"'''•« de- 
battleof Bunl^^er" IIM li '°r"^" °" ""e 
London," JZ^ in"l8o""a d'l'^ ""°'" 

ir^:lu:,^ird.^^i!^^ H'K'^ 

Seu-.E„;l,„„lr t ^""'''- "econtrib. lotlic 

wr^minT a^x trs suff ',r"r.;: "« 

sc.\. — Ihnirhnrk o"noli< and Jliddlc- 

,t';!"'^,i'ampd' (do-te-sh^n'), AvTO.NE 



Jo; 



J^'rench .-en. T 744^ rfs:^""!! ^°""'.« 
America under Kocliambeaii ,1 n • " 

emi-rated, served in all thl , • "'^^*"'-' he 

l>i^&;J^f^^^a^.vaMOse,e.,i'.ra,, 

kilh^di^t^UneSnlSti^r^ 

:ns^rn?^ri^;^^;'£«^"v^s 

in di<n,,V • r France, constantly en^a^W 

s:t:Sir!!i'{ipjr"^"-^"S:k^ 

1862; brif^.-t-en. vols. 26 .Sent IS62 lU, 'C 
part in the battles nf UMi- . He took 

re-cniorced I'leasoiiion n the ailvnn™ ,,r .1 ' 

J .' iuro, va., where he coin. 17 \l.ir last. 
com. the 2d div m' «.,.„ "'•, " •"•'r. 1863; 

Salem exned in V,, t? ' '^^*'■."■"■es in the 
"...ier S^i; S:,;:;, ^nVa-'nl^IsI:- 
and«-as,n the actions of Win" es.e At! ' 
field, Opequan, and Fisher's HilU.m IJist^ 



ATVR 



45 



i^YL 



ni«i-"cn for MoorfieM, 13 Mar.l86D. U.S. 
con-nl-en. in Canaila since 1866. 

Averv, Epmralm K., Mcth. clerKyman. 
b Cc n!;M799 ? a. PittsHold, O., Oct 23, 1869 
He w.is notcil for eloquence and ability, aiul 
was stationed at Kail River in 18.i2-3, wl.en 
the murder and seduction of Sarah Jl^.na 
Cornell, a m ■mher of his church with wlum 
he had been intimate, led to the suspicion that 
he was the murderer. He was tiled and ac- 
nuitt.d bv an ecclesiastical court ; and a civil 
court failed to make a case against h"n : but 
the cor.i.nnnitv believed him guilty ; and he 
withd.-e«- from' the ministry, and removec to 
O., where be was an industrious ayd higlUy- 
resiiected fanner. . ■ . u 

Averv, W.UTSTiLt., Hevol. patriot, b. 
Gi^!n, Ot.. Mav 3, 174.^ ; d. Burke Co., N^C. 
Mar I.^ 1821. N.J. Coll. 1766. He studied 
law in Md., and, in Jan. 1769, settled in practice 
in Mecklenburg, N.C. He was prominent 
amon- the petitioners and remonstrants of that 
day aaainst the oppressive acts of the govern- 
ment and also in the famous Mecklenburg 
Declaration of Independence. I" J.'J^' ''« ^"^f 
a dclcatc to the Congress at Hillsborough 
which'organized the military force ot the State. 
In the summer of 1776, he joined the army of 
Gen. Rutlierford in the Cherokee nation and 
was a commissioner at the treaty of Holston, 
which gave peace to the western frontier. In the 
fall of 1776, he was again a member ot the &tate 
Congress. In 1779, he was col. of the county 
militia iu active service during the British in- 
vasion. In 1781, he moved to Burke to 
which he represented many years in the State 
le.'isl He was the tirst State attorney -gen. ot 
n"C in 1777, and, for some years hetore his 
deaiii, the patriarch of the N.C. bar. 

Avezac, AuGCSTE d', lawyer, b.oflrench 
Barents iu the I>le of St. Domingo, 1.;. ; d. 
Feb l."> 1^51. He was educated at a militarv 
acad. in France, while his family waf "bilged 
by the insurrection of the blacks to take i-etugc 
in the U.S. Studying medicine in N.C., he 
pract sed in Accoraac U., Va. ; but, alter the 
Lncxation of La., by advice of his relat^v^ 
Edward Livingston, he studied law,and became 
distin-. .■spcciallv in criminal cases. In the 
War of 1812 he served as judge-advocate, and 
aide to Jackson at the battle of New Orleans. 
In 1 829, Fres. Jackson app,. him sec. of legation 
to ihe Netherlands, cUan,e duffiur^s m 1831 , 
and in 1S41 and 1843, he was a .'•q"-'--*^n|"'7 
in the N. Y. legisl. ; cl,a<ve doffunes to Holland, 
184i-'J Ho prepared " Ueminiscences ot l^a- 
war'd Livingston," a portion of which was pub. 
in the D.wcratic Iteviem in 1840. 

Avezac, I'.errb Valentin Uomikiqce 
Jlli vn I.', a French scholar, b. St. Domingo, 
Jan. 17, 1769; d. U.S., Feb. 1 'S'^l- '•■J",- 
cated in France, at the outbreak ot the F.ench 
Kcvol., he returned to liis native island, van y 
hoping Id save some of his property there He 
came To N.Orleans, and occupied himself in 
literarv pursuits. Avezac was pres. of the fiist 
coUc'C established at N. Orleans He is the 
author of the French official translation of the 
penal code of La. His niece, the young widow 
5e Lasay, m. Edward Livingston, author of 
that code 



Avezzana(iivet-7,il'-na),JosEPn,an Italian 
patriot, and merchant in N.Y.City, b.at Oh.eri. 
Piedmont, Feb. 19, 1797. He fought under 
Napoleon in 1813 and 14; served in the Sar- 
dinian arrav nniil Mar. 1821 ; next served as 
cipt of inf. in the Liberal cause in Spain, but 
WIS taken prisoner, and came to America, ar- 
rivin.' at N. Orkans at the clo>e of 1S2.3. In 
18''.i"^he visited Mexico, obtained a grant ot 
land 'on the site of the jireseiit city of '1 ampico, 
and in a short time gained a competence. In 
183' be espoused the cause of Santa Ana; 
was intrusted with the defence of the city ; 
cained a complete victory over Gen. Mora at 
Ciudad Victoria, and on the triumph ot the 
Liberals, resigned his command, having been 
previouslv named gen. of Tamaulipas Coha- 
huila, Texas, and Nuevo Leon. J" 'S-^-*- he 
established himself in business in N.Y., where 
he married an Irish lady ; but, on the revol. 
outbreak of 1848, returned to Italy, and was 
app. commanding gen. of the National Guards 
of Genoa. Alter an nnsucccsstul struggle, he 
resi'ned, and withdrew on board the U.S. 
steamer " Princeton." Landing at Civita \ ee- 
chia he hastened to Rome, then under a re- 
publican government, and was app. minister ol 
war and eom.-in-chief of the army. For two 
months, this small force kept at bay 4 armies 
amounting to 100,000 men; but on the night 
of Julv 2 he fled in disguise, and at the close 
of AuV. reached N.Y., where he has since 
re^iided. — .4p/)teo«'s New Amer. Cf/clop. 

Axtell Col. William, loyalist, b. on the 
Island of Jamaica, 1720 ; d. Sept. 2, 179o, at 
Chertsey, Eng. He resided many- years m 
X Y wliere he m. Margaret, dan. of Abraham 
be Pevster, and was app. a member of the 
council', Mav 4, 1771. During the Kevol., by 
which he \ok a large estate, he was co . ot a 
provincial corps, became entitled to half-pav, 
and received from parliament a coiisiderable 
sum of money as a loyalist. He was descended 
from the celebrated Col. Daniel Axtell, wbo«a3 
executed by Charles U. for the part lie took 
in the great rebellion. He went to Eng. m 

Aver Peter, one of the founders of the 
socie'v o'f Shakers at Canterbury, N.H., b. 
1760;' d. there Sept 14, lS.i7. He was a 
powerful and athletic man, and a soldier ol 
the Revol. before becoming a member of the 
sect with which he was connected lO years. 

Aveta (a-va'-tii) Francisco de, a I>ran- 
cistiVWar, author of "Aroh/ia dd Ordmde 
S.yraudsco ,:„ /" ^«f 'cn " 1690 aho c- 
</,,(/ VmJIcada," or ''La Verdad Defindtdx: 
the three titles, perhaps, of the same work. 
He was custodian of the province of Santo 
Fvangeliu, and procurador-gcn. of the Indies. 

— Dlllirkinrk. 

AvUon (da-U-yOn), Lucas Vasquee de, a 
Spanish adventurer, who in 1509 was council- 
lor of the superior tribunal of St. Domingo, and 
wasafterwai-d emploved by Cortes on amission 
to Velasquez, who was arming against bim ; t . 
15-'6 In l.i20, he made an exped. to tlonua, 
landed near the mouth of the Conebahce Uivcr, 
S.C, treacherously made captive a arge nuni. 
ber of the natives, who nearly all perished. 
and named the country " Chicora. He alter 



AYL 46 

wnrd returned, wishing to foiinil a colonv, and 
olilamed ])ruvislon8 of the ;,'uv. of Clilcora 
but was ruined hvihc expense. He is believed 
to have perished in nseeond exped. to Florida. 
Aylmer (ul'-mcr) Matthew Whit- 
• wuiiTii, tilth lurd, a Uritish gen., b. 1775 • d 
L.piid., Feb. 2.i, ISJO. He sueeeeded to 'the 
peerage on the death of his father Heurv, (Jet. 
22, 1785, entered the army as ensign 49th Foot 
111 1787, served at the siege of Copenhagen, in 
loittigiU in 18U9, in thepeninsuhireainpaigns, 
and became a full gen. May 27, 1825. He 
was gov.-gen. of Canada from IS.TO to Sept. 
l!»3.'), and was held in high estimation by the 
Canadians. — Monjun, 

Ayolas, uk or i.'Ayolas Jijan, a Span- 
ish adventurer who sailed wiili Pedro dc Men- 
(joja in 1 5.)4, on a voyage of conquest and 
discovery to the La Plata. Mcndoza, havin" 
been disabled by disease in 1536, gave the com" 
inand to Ayolas, who ascended the Paraguay 
to Asuncion, where he defeated the nativesrand 
remained six months. Leaving a garrison 
there, he ascended the river about 80 leagues, 
and then marched westward with 200 Span- 
iards. He never returned. An Indian re- 
ported that Ayolas and his men were decoyed 
into a morass, and killed by the Payngos. 

Ayres, Romkv.n B., "brev. maj.-gen. U. 
S.A., b. X.Y. West Point, 1847. He served 
in the 3d Art. in the Mexican war 1847-8- 
became capt. 3th Art. May 14, 1861; brin-.-en' 
vols. Nov. 29, I8C2; was engaged a" Bull 
Run; chief of Art. of Gen. W. F. Smith's 
div. Oct. 1861 to Nov. IS62, and of the 6th 
Corps from Nov. 1862 to Apr. 1863; was in 
the peninsular cami)aign ; was engaged at 
South Mountain, Antietam, and Fredericks- 
burg; com. a brigade in 5th Corps at Chan- 
celloisville ; com. div., and hiev. maj. for Get- 
lyshurg, ,July 2, 1863; served through the 
Richmond campaign of 1 864-5, earning brevs. 
of lieut.-col. for battle of Wilderness, May 5 
■86-*: col. Aug. 18, 1864, for battle on Wel- 
don Railroad ; brig. -gen. and maj.-gen. Mar. 
13, 1865, for battle of Five Forks, and for gal- 
lant and meritorious servicesduring the Rebel- 
lion ; lieut-col. 28th Inf. July 28, 1866.— 

Azara (dd-ath-arii) Felix de, Spanish 
naturalist, b. May 18, 1746; d. Aragon, 1811. 
He was educated in part at the military acad. 
at Barcelona; was wounded in the "cxped 
against Algiers in 1775 ; became a lieut.-col. 
of engineers, and was app. a commissioner to 
determine the boundaries of the Spanish and 
Portuguese territories in S. Amer Reachiii" 
his destination in 1781, he devoted much time 
to constructing correct maps of the country, 
and in preparing his "Natural History of the 
Quadrupeds of Paraguay," pub. soon after his 
recall in 1801. This work was pub. in French 
bv Morcaii St. Mery, in 2 vols. 8vo. While in 
Pans in 1803, he made the acnunintance of M. 
Walkenaer, who pub. Azara's travels in S 
Amer. from 1781 to 1801, with notes by the 
celebrated Ciivicr, 4 vols, Svo, 1809. 

AzevedO Coutinho (iiza-vi'-.Io kotcn'- 
vo). .losi; JovijLiM i>A CuNiiA, a Portuguese 
bi-hop and author, li Drazil, Scot. 8, 174-'- d 
S.pt. 12, 1821. He pub. in 1792 - Ensai's 



eronomico srj,re o rommemo ,h Porluqal e lua, 
rolow.if." In 1794, he was made bishop of 
lernambuco. He pub. in London, 1798, a 
pamphlet against the aboitiort of the slave- 
trade by Great Britain. Shortly before his 
death, he was chosen to the Cortes as a repre- 
scniative of Rio de Janeiro. Chosen bishop 
of LIvas, he declined, and was app. inqnisitor- 
gcn. Author of a memoir on the conquest of 
Rio lie Janeiro bv Duguai Tronin in 1711. 

AzevedO y Zuniga (ii-tha-vii'do c thoon- 
yee'-gii) (Iasi-ahd ue, Count of Monterey a 
Spaniard, who in 1GU3 suciceded Luis dc'Vc- 
lascoas viceroy of Peru and iMexico; d. Mar. 
16, 1606. He equipped a fleet to search for 
the great southern continent, which, under the 
command of Pedro Fernandez <le Quirre, dis- 
covered several islands ab. lat. 28° S. 

Babbitt, Isaac, inventor of the "Babbitt 
Metal " used in all railroad-car axle-boxes 
b. Taunton, Ms., 26 July, 1799; d. McLean 
A.sylum, Somerville, Ms.^ 26 Jlay, 1862. He 
learned the trade of a goldsmith, and ab. 1831 
made at Taunton the first britannia-ware man- 
ufactured in this country. Removing to Bos- 
ton in 1834, he was emidovcd in Alger's 
foundry, and ab. 1839 invented' the anti-friclion 
metal which bears his name. He received in 
1841 a gold medal from the Ms. Char. Mech. 
Asso., and from Congress S20,000, for this 
valuable invention, for which he took out pat- 
ents in Eng. in 1844, and in Russia in 1817. 
lie was for many years engaged in the manu- 
facture of this metal, and subsequently carried 
on the manufacture of soap. lie became de- 
ranged a few years before his death. 

Babcock, Ma.i. Elisha, pub. the Amer- 
mm M,,r„n/ 37 years; d. Hartford, Ct., Feb. 
1821, a. 68. 

Babcock, Col. Henut, h. R.I. 1736 ■ d 
1800. Y. C. 1752. Son of Chief-Tustice liab^ 
cock of R. I. ; bro. of Rev. Luke (b. 173S; d. 
18 Feb. 1777. Y. C. 1755). At 18, he was a 
m)t. ; at 19. he was in the force under Col. 
U illiams, which was defeated at Lake George; 
maj. in 1756, lieut.-col. in 1757, and col.°iti 
1738, of a R.L regt., with which he took part 
in the attack on Ticondcroga, and was wound- 
ed in the knee. He was afterwards at its cap- 
ture by Amherst. M. and settled at Stoninr. 
ton, Ct. Made, in Feb. 1776, com. of the 
forces at Newport, but was removed in May 
on account of in.sanity. 

Babcock, Rifus, D.n., clergyman and 
author, b. N. Colebrook, Ct., Septl 18. 1798. 
B.U. 1821. Ho was 2 years tutor in Col. Coll., 
p.C. : was ord. pastor of the Baptist ChiiR-h 
1 oughkeepsie, 1823; became pastor 1st Baptist 
Chnreh, Salem, 1826; was pres. of Watervillc 
Coll., Me., in 1833-6; and for 3^ years was 
pastor of the Sprncc-st. Church, Phila'. ; he then 
returned to his former charge in Poiighkeepsic, 
and is now settled in Patcrson, N.j! He was 
twice sec. of the Amer. and Foreign Bible Socj- 
ety, and has been sec. of the S.S. Union and 
the Pa. Coloiiizatiim Society. He founded and 
for 5 years. edited the lin/iiist Mniwriiil ; pub. 
"Claims of ICducation Societies," 1829; "Re- 
view of Beikwith'.H Dissuasive from Contro- 
vci-sy on Baptism," 1829 ; " Making Light of 
Christ," 1830; "Memoii-s" of Fuller, 1830 



B^VC 



George Learned, 1832, Abraham Booth, an.l 
Isaa^TBiukiis ; " History of Waterv.Ue Coll 
1836 ; •' Tales of 'IVuih for the \ oung, 1 83 -, 
'•l>crson:il Recollections of Kev John M. 
I'cck, U.l).," 18')8; and "Ihe Emigrants 
Mother," 1859. 

Bache (haleh), Ai-pANMR Dallas. LL 
D \AS physicist, h.l'hila., July 19, 1806, 
d/Ncwpori, K.i., Feb. H, 1867. Wf' l'"""'- 
IS-'S He was a fireat-grandson of Dr. 1- rank- 
lin' and his motliorwas the dan. of A. J. Cal- 
lus Ue was » lieut. of engineers until his 
resijjnation in 1829, engai;cd in constructing 
Fort Adams an<i other works at the entrance 
of Narra,ansett Uay. From 1827 to 1832 he 
was prof .if Miaihematics in the U. of I'a , and 
then took char-e of the organization of (.irard 
Coll snendin" some time in 1836 insiwcting 
tiie BreAt scliools of Europe, publishing, upon 
bis return, a valuable report on the subject. 
In 1839 he resigned his connection with tins 
coll aiid became in 1841 principal of the 
Phila Hi-b School. In 1843, he was app.su- 
perinlcndcnt of the U. S. coa.st-survcy. Its 
valuable contributions to geodetic and phj sical 
science are found in the annnal reports of the 
survcv, and in the proceedings of the Asso. for 
the Advancement of Science. He was one of 
the founders of the Amer. Asso. for the pro- 
motion of Science, took a prominent part in 
founding the Amer. Ac.l. of Science, «..s_m„de 
pres. ofllie Amer. Pliilos. Society >" 'f'^''. '"? 
was an active and efficient member of the U.S. 
Sanitarv Commission throughout the war 1 he 
degree 'of LL D. was coiiteried o" h.m by the 
U of N.Y. in 1836, by the U. ot Pa. in 1837 
and l.v II.U. ISM. He was made a rcgtmt ot 
the Smithsonian Institution in Aug. \^^\^^ 
18,33, be edited Brewster's "Optics, "with notes 
lie t.ub "Observations" at the Observatory 
of Girard Coll. 1840-5,3 vols 8vo; " eport 
of Experiments .0 navigate {he Chesap. and 
Del Canal by Steam," 8vo, Phibi., 18.U, and 
contril.. many valuable papers to the scicntihc 
iouriuils of tiu; dav. . . 

Bache. Bks.iamin FaA>KLis. journalist, 
sonofut'liard, b. Phila.. Aug.12,1769; d 
here Sept. 10, 1798. He ac^coiupanied li s 
grandfather. Dr. Franklin, to Pans, «-«s cdu- 
cate.l in France and Geneva and gained a 
• knowledge of printing in the celebrated p.lbll^h- 
in-house of Didot. Kcturning in 1 , 8.), he 
Si for a time in the Coll of Phila. am Im 
Oct. 1790 began to publish the Gcmal Ariier- 
th,r aff.M-wanls called the Aurora, the ablest 
a'.id'uiost influential, as well as the most vio- 
lent oi.'.o-itio.i journal during the administra- 
tion's of' Washington and Adams. 

Bache, Erankun, M.D., a« eminent phj- 
6ici\n 'reai-'randson of Benjamin 1-raiiklin, 

Ton of B. F."Baehe, I'- j;i''l';;/''',f;: Vl'f)' 
d there Mar. 19, 1864. U. of Pa. 1810, M.U. 
1H14 He was an assist, surgeon in the armv 
i„ 1813 and surgeon in 1814-16. wlieii be re- 
si..,Ved and hegan practice in Pliila. Phy>ician 

r the Walnii^t-st.' Prison, J824-36 ; ,m,f. o 
chemi.trv to the Franklin Institute. 826-.32 
,,hv.-.ician to th.- Eastern Peii.tentiarv 18:23-39. 
lif. of chemistry in the Phi a. (j^'/'l- '■' ,1' ";: 

lacv 1831-41 ; an,l from 1841 to his deat!i held 
,r«me chai; in the Jeff. Med. Coll.; pres. 



47 BA.C 

Amer. Philos. Soc., 1854-5, and at bis death 
pres. of the Deaf and Dumb Asylum I orpora- 
ion. As joint author, with Dr. Wood, of the 
"US Dispensatory," from 1833 to 1864, he 
is proiiably best known to the medical world. 
He also rendered much service to medical liter- 
ature by bis contributions to the •; h. »• / h'""- 
macopicia" upon the Materia Medica. Author 
of " A Svstem of Chemistry," 8vo, 1819; Iii- 
trodnctoiv Lectures on Chemistry, 1841-52. 
Editor, with Dr. Hare, of " Urc's Dictionary 
of Chemistry," 8V0, 1821; "Cutbushs Pyro- 
techny," 8yo, 1825; "Dr. Hares Cbcmicnl 
Compendium," 1836; " lurner s C lemlstl■^ , 
anil one of the editors of the .\orlh Amrr. Mvi. 
and Hurq. Journal, 1823-32. Contrib. to a 
large number of medical and scicniihc jour- 
nals. (See M.moir h,, Geo. 13. W oo,l. Phia 
1865.) RicnAiii> (1794-1836) capt. of ord- 
nance, U. S. A., author of " Notes on Colom- 
bia " 1822-3, Phila., 8vo, 1827, w.as ft brother. 
Bache. George Mifklin, hydrographcr, 
b Phila. ab. 1810; d. Sept. 8, 1846. Great- 
-TindMiti of Franklin, bro. of A. D. Bache. 
Entering the navy Jan. 1, 1825, he became a 
lieut. XIar. 3, 1835, and ab. 183S was placed 
upon the co.ist-survcy. He was engaged upon 
the survey of the Gulf Stream, and perished in 
the hurricane of Sept. 8, 1846._ ,, „ a 

Bache, Hartmajj, brev. brig.-gen. U. S. A., 
b Pa ab.'797. West Point, 1818. Bro. of 
Franklin Bache. Entering the U. S topog. 
engineers, he became brev.-maj. July 24, 8_B ; 
in-i"i .Tilly 7, 1838; lieut.-col. Aug. 6, 1861; 
col Mar. 3, 1863; brev. brig.-gen. Mar. 13, 
1865; retired Mar. 7, 1867. 

Bache, Richard, U. S. postmaster-gen. 
(Nov 1776-1782), b. Settle, Yorkshire, Lng., 
S'cpt' 12, 1737; d. Settle, Berks Co., Pa July 
"9 1811 He came while young to Ainer., 
became a merchant, and, at the beginning of 
the Revol , was chairman of the republican soc. 
of Phila. In 1767, he m. Sarah, only dan. ot 
Beiij. FranTclin, and succeeded him as postmas- 
tcr-L'en. His bro. Theoi-hilact, a loyalist, 
pres. of the N. Y. Chamber of Commerce in 
1773- d N. Y. City, 1807, a. 78. His kind- 
ness to Whig prisoners during the war merits 
especial notice. r i-\, 

Bache, Mrs. Sarah, only dau. of Dr. 
FrankUii, I Phila., Sept. 11, 1744 ;d. Oct. 5 
1808 In 1767, she ra. Richard Bache, and 
deserves special mention for her patriotic ser- 
vices during the Revol. war. In the severe 
winter of 1780, manv of the sobliers were 
barefoot and onlv half clad. The ladies 
undertook to supply them with clotlnng, and 
made the garments with their own hands, in 
this noble charity, Mrs. Bache was one of the 
most zealous. On other occasions, her active 
benevolence was called into exercise. She 
performed hosjiital duties, dressing the wounds 
of the soldiers, and a<lministering to tliem 
medicines and cordials to mitigate their sutter- 



'"'Bachi (biikec'), PiETRO, Ph. p. of the 
U (if Padua teacher of Italian and Spanish iH 
II U. (1826-40), b. Sicily, 1787 : d. Boston Aug. 
o-> 18)3 He w.as bred to the law. Implnat.d 
\n Murat'- attempt to ascend the throne of 
Naples in 1815, he was banished, and resiUea 



BA.C 



48 



BA.«J 



in Kng. until 1825, when he cnme to the U.S. 
He W118 well versed in jurisprudence, and was 
a skilful teacher, hut hceamc iniemi>erate in 
his habits, was deprived of his post in H.U., 
and <l. soon after. Author of an " Italian 
Grammar." IS29. 

Bachman (hak'-man). John, D.D., LL. 
p., h. Duchess Co., N.Y., Feb. 4, 1700, natural- 
ist and thcolojrian, pastor of the German Lu- 
theran Church in Charleston, S.C, since 1815. 
He assisted Audubon in his (rreat work on 
ornithology, and was the principal author of 
the work on the qimrlnipedsof N. A., illustrat- 
ed bv Audubon and his sons. Author of 
" Notice of the Types of Mankind, by Xolt 
and Gliddon," 18.^4 ; " Kxamiiiation of Prof. 
Agassi/,' Sketch of the Natural Provinces of the 
Animal World," &c., 1855; " Characterintics 
of Genera and Species as applicable to the 
Doctrine of the Unity of the Human Race," 
1854; "Catalogue of Phenogamous Plants 
and Ferns growing in the Vicinity of Charles- 
ton, S.C. ; " "Two Letters on Hybriditv," 
8vo, 18.50 ; " Viviparous Qnailru|«;ds ofX.A".," 
and a work in dclence of Martin Luther, 185.3. 
In the .l/ff/. Tbiir. of S.C., he has ably discussed 
the bearings of science upon theology. 

Back, Sin George, F.R.S., an'arctic ex- 
plorer, b. Stockport, Eng., Nov 6, 1796. En- 
tering the royal navy in 1808, he accompanied 
Capt. David Buchan on an exped. to Spitz- 
bergen in 1817; and in 1819 went with Sir 
John Franklin on his overland exped. from 
the western shore of Hudson Bay to the 
northern coast, near the Coppermine River. 
The exped. returned to York Factory in 182.3. 
In 1821, he was niadclieut. In 1825^ he joined 
Franklin's second exjjcd. in the endeavor, in 
conjunction with Beechey and Parry, to dis- 
cover from opposite quarters the north-west 
passage. Lieut. Back penetrated as far as 
lat. 70° 24' N. ; long. 149° 37' W., and on 
the return of the exped. was left in charge 
of the remaining officers and men at Fort 
Franklin, with all the stores, journals of the 
voyage, &c. ; returning to Eng. in 1827, hav- 
ing in 1825 been made commander. In 1833, 
he took charge of the party sent in search of 
Sir John Ross, who had left Eng. in 1829, of 
which Voyage he pub. an interesting history. 
Receiving news of Ro.ss's safety, he returned 
home in 1835; obtained post rank, and in 
June, 1836, started on his last voyage (See 
A'emodVc o/an Exiwd in H. il. shi)i " Terror," 
uiuJertaken ivillt a View lo (irrxira/ihiral Oisroreri/ 
on the Arrlic filiores in 1836-7.") He received a 
gold medal from the Geog. Socictv in 1837, 
was knighted in 1839. and subsequently held 
a lucrative treasurv appointment. — Men ofihe 
Tim,'. 

Backus, AZKI.. D.D. (N. J. Coll. 1810), 
clergvman and educator, b. Norwich, Ct., Oct. 
13, 1765 ; d. Dec. 28, 1816. Yale Coll. 1787. 
Nephew of Rev. Charles Backus. After leav- 
ing college, he taught school at Wethersfield, 
Ct., with his classmate, Jidin H. Lolhrop. 
Licensed to preach in 1789 ; minister at Beth- 
lehem, Ct., and successor of Dr. Bellamvfrom 
1791 to»18I2 ; and pres. of Ham. Coll., N. Y., 
from its establishment in Sept. 1812, till his 
death. While at Bethlehem, lie instituted and 



conducted a school of .some celebrity. In 179S, 
he preached the annual election sermon before 
the Ct. legisl. A vol. of his .sermons, with a 
sketch of his life, has been pub. — .'^prai/ue. 

Backus, Charles, D.D. (Willianis Coll. 
ISOl), theologian, uncle of Azel, b. Norwich, 
Ct., Nov. 9, 1749; d. Sonurs, Ct., Dec. 30, 

1803. Y. C. 1769. Pastor of the Cong. 
Church at Soniers from Aug 10, 1774, until 
his death. He was a fervent and eloquent 
preacher, and a successful teacher of theology. 
Besides sermons, he pub. a vol. on Regener- 
ation, " Five Discourses on the Truth of the 
Bible," 1797, and an historical discourse upon 
the town of .Soniers, 1801. — Sprni/ue. 

Backus, Electcs, lieut.-col., mortally 
wounded in defence of Sackett's Harbor, May 
29, anil d: June 7, 1813. App. maj. light 
dragoons, Oct. 7, 1808; lieut.-col. Feb. 15, 
1809. His son Electcs, col. U.S.A., b. N.Y., 

1804. West Point, 1824. Aide to Gen. Brady, 
1828-37; capt. Oct. 17, 1837; brev. maj. 
Sept. 23, 1846, "for gallant and meritorious 
conduct at Monterev ; " maj. 3d Inf. June 10, 
1850; lieut.-col. Jan. 19, 1859; col. 6th Inf. 
Feb. 20, 1862; d. Detroit, June 7, 1862. He 
saw service in the Seminole War, 1838-40, and 
in the Navajoe exped. 1858. 

Backus, FHANKLtx Tbos., a disting. law- 
ver of Cleveland, O. ; d. there Mav 14, 1870; b. 
Lee. Ms., M.iy 6, 1813. Y.C. 1836. Hewent 
to Cleveland in 1836 ; was adin. to the bar in 
1839 ; pros. atty. for Cuyahoga Co., 1841 ; 
member of the house of" rep. 1846, of the 
State senate in 1848, and of the peace con- 
vention of 1861. — .4. T. Goodman. 

Backus, Isaac, Bapt. minirterand author, 
b. Norwich, Ct., 1724; d. Nov. 20, 1806. He 
began to preach in 1 746 ; was ord. a Con- 
gregaiionalist, at Midilleborougli, Ms., Apr. 13, 
1 748 ; and, becoming a Baptist, formed achureh 
there in 1756. He was an advocate of religious 
freedom, and in 1774 w.is the agent to Congress 
of the Warren Association to advocate equality 
of privileges to all denominations. He vin- 
dicated his course in this affair in an article in 
the Boston Chronide, Dec. 2, 1779. and argued 
against an article in the Bill of Rights of the State 
constitution then under discussion in the con- 
vention. He was the delegate of Miihlleborough 
to the convention which adopted the Federal 
Constitution, which he supported in a speech. 
The Bajjtist denomination is greatly indebted 
to him for its prosperity. He pub. a " History 
of the Baptists," 3 vols., 1777 and 1784 and 
1796 ; also an abridgment brought down to 
1804. and a History of Middleborough in the 
3il vol. Ms. Hist. Colls. — See Life and Times 
of, hy Alrah Horei/, O.D., 1859. 

Bacon, David Francis, M.D., author, 
and physician of the Colonization Soc. at Libe- 
ria, 18;)6-41, b. Prospect, Ct., 30 Nov. 1813; 
d. N.Y. City, 23 Jan. 1866. Y. C. 1831 ; 
Med. Coll. 1836. He engaged in politics in 
N.Y. City, and frequently contrib. to the 
periodicals of the day; author of " Lives of 
the Apostles," 1835'; " Wanderings on the 
Seas and Shores of Africa," 1843. 

Bacon, Ezekiei,, LL.D., son of Rev. 
John, b. Stockbridge, Ms., Sept. 1, 1776; d. 
Utica, N.Y, Oct. IS, 1870. Y.C. 1794. He was 



BA.C 



49 



BAG 



8 member of the State legisl. in 1 S05-6 ; cliief- 
jiisiicc of Common Pleas, 1SI3; 1st comp- 
troller U.S. treasure, 181.3-15; anJ M.C. 
1807-13. Removedto Uiica, X.Y. ; delepite 
to the State Const. Conv. of 1821. Ue pub. 
" Recollections of 50 Years since " a lecture, 
184".. 

Bacon, Hen-rt, author, and Universalist 
minister, b. Boston, 12 June, 181.3; d. Phila., 
19 Mar. 1856. Ord. over 2d Church, C.nnb., 
Ms., Dec. 1834, remaining 3 years ; afterward 
successively settled at Haverhill, Marblchcad, 
Providence, R.I., and over the Church of the 
Messiah, Phila. 20 years editor of the Ladies' 
Repository, Boston. Author of " Christian 
Comforicr," " Sacred Flora," " Memoir of 
Mrs. Jerauld," and over 50 tracts and sermons. 
" The Pastor's Bequest." scleciions from his 
sermons by ilrs. E. A. Bacon, was pub. 
Boston, 1857. 

Bacon^ Uexrt, figure-painter, b. Win- 
chester, NIs., 1840. He studied with W. A. 
Gay of Boston; went to Paris in 1864, where 
he has since resided ; studied at the Beaux Arts, 
and afterwards at Ecouen under E. Frere. He 
has a happy talent in telling a story by a 
picture. 

Bacon, Joel Smitu, D.D. (Wash. Coll. 
1845), li.ipt. minister anJ educator, b. Cayuga 
Co., >■ v., 1801 ; d. Richmond, Va., Nov. 9, 
1869. Ham. Coll. 1826; Xewton Theol. Inst. 
1831. Before graduating, he was a teacher in 
Amelia Co., Va. ; was afterward a classical 
teacher at Princeton, N.J. ; pres. of George- 
town Coll., Ky., 1831-3; pastor of the Baptist 
Church at Lynn, 183-3-4; prof. Ham. Inst., 
N.Y , 1834-7 ; was some time an agent for 
Indian missions ; pres. of Col. CoU., D C. 
184.3-54 ; then taught in female seminaries ; 
was two years at the head of an institution at 
Tuscaloosa, Ala. ; and in 1859-67 was a 
teacher at Warrenton, V^a. He was finally a 
travelling agent in the South for the Bible 
Society. 

Bacon, Johs, clergyman and politician, 
b. Canterbury, Ct., 1737"; d. Stockbridge, Ms., 
Oct. 25, 1820. N.J. Coll. 1763. He studied 
theology; preached in Somerset Co., .Md., in 
1768; and Sept. 25, 1771, was settled over the 
Old South Church, Boston. Owing to differ- 
ences of opinion with his church, he was dis- 
missed Feb. 8, 1775, and removed to Stock- 
bridge, where he was a magistrate, a representa- 
tive, associate and presiding judge of the Com- 
mon Pleas, a member and pres. of the State 
senate (180-3-4), and M. C 1801-3. He pub. a 
sermon alter his installation, 1772; an answer 
to Huntington on a case of discipline, 1781 ; a 
speech on the courts of the U.S., 1802 ; " Con- 
jectures on the Prophecies," 1805. 

Bacon, LEoy-^BO, D.D., Cong, clergyman 
and author, b. Detroit, Mich., Feb. 19, 1802. 
Y. C. 1820; And. Theol. Sem. 1824. David, 
his father, was a missionary to the Indians, and 
the first settler of Tallmadgc, O. In Mar. 
1825, he was installed pastor over the Centre 
Church, New Haven, Ct. A disting. cham- 
pion of N. E. Congregationalism, and a close 
adherent to the traditions and practices of 
the Puritan fathers. He has written a 
nnmber of occasional addresses and sermons, 



and has contrib. to the Christian Speclalor, the 
NewEnglundtr, and the -V. Y. Indejtendent. 
Amonghis pub. are " Select Practical Writings 
of Richard Baxter," 2 vol. 8vo, 2d ed., 1835 ; 
" Manual for Young Church-Members," ISmo, 
1833 ; " Slavery Discussed," 8vo, N.Y., 1846; 
" Thirteen Discourses on the 200th Anniver- 
sary of the First Church in New Haven," 1839, 
" Hist. Disc, at the Old South Meeting-house, 
Worcester, 22 Sept. 1863." 

Bacon, N.\TUAXiEL, an early patriot of 
Va., b. Suffolk, Eng. ab. 1646 ; d. 1 Oct. 1076. 
His father was the author of "Nathaniel 
Bacon's Historical and Political Obser\ations," 
1647. Ue was educated at the Inns of Court, 
Lond., settled in Gloucester Co., Va., owned a 
large estate at the head of James River, became 
in 1 672 a member of the council, and acquired 
great popularity. An Indian war having 
sprung up, Gov. Berkeley built a (ijw frontier 
forts ; but the people, desirous of more active 
and energetic measures, chose Bacon as their 
leader. The gov. refused to commission him ; 
but he defeated the Indians, and 29 May, 1676, 
was proclaimed a rebel. Tried and acquitted, 
he received the gov.'s pardon, June 9 ; was 
restored to the council, and was promised a 
gen.'s commission for the Indian war. Ber- 
keley refused to keep his promise ; and Bacon, 
at the head of 500 men, extorted his signature. 
He then turned his attention to the war, which 
he vigorously prosecuted. Again proclaimed 
a rebel, he issued a declaration against the gov., 
whom he drove from Williamsburg, and whom 
he was about to attack at Accoraac, when death 
ended his career. At the time of his death, he 
was one of the burgesses for the county of 
Henrico. His story has been novelized by 
Caruthers of Va. — See Force's Tracts, 1840; 
S/f-irhs's Ainer. Bio'j. iii-. New Series. 

Bacon, Samdel, Prot.-Epis. clergvman, b. 
Sturhridge, >ts., 22 Julv, 1781 ; d. Kent, Cape 
Shilling, Africa, 3 .Ma'y, 1820. H. U. 1808. 
He studied law ; edited the Worcester ^yis, 
afterward the //iiv, at Lancaster, Pa. ; in 1812, 
was an officer of U..S. marines ; subsequcntiy 
practised law in Pa., and then took orders in 
the Prot.-Epis. Chuich. App. U.S. agent to 
establish a colony in Africa, he reached Sierra 
Leone, 9 Mar. 1820, and d. shortly after. — Set 
Life, 1:1/ J. AshiHun. 

Bacon, TnoM AS, Prot.-Epis. clergyman and 
author, b. Frederickton, Md. ; d. May" 24. 1768. 
He compiled a complete system of the revenue 
of Ireland, 1737, also a complete bodv of the 
laws of .Md., folio, 176.5. 

Bacon, William Thompson, poet and 
cler'jynian, b. Woodbury, Ct., Aug. 24, 1814. 
Y. C. 1837. After two years passed at the 
Epis. Acad, at Cheshire, he, at the age of 17, 
established himself in business at New Haven. 
He delivered the valedictory poem at Yale ; 
studied at the N. Haven Divinity School, and 
from 1842 to 1845 was pastor of the Cong. 
Church at Trumbull, Ct. He became sub- 
sequently one of the editors of the Xetr-Eng- 
lander, was also for a few years editor and 
proprietor of the N. Haven Journal and C'qgrier, 
since which he has been engaged in ministerial 
labors in Kent and in Derby, Ct. In 1 837, Mr. 
Bacon pub. a vol. of poems, which in 1840 



50 



b^b: 



passed to n tliiril edition. In 184S, a new 
vol. was issued. 

BadeiU, Adam, brcv. brig.-pen. U.S.A., 
I). N.Y. Capt. nnd niile-de-cump U. S. Vols , 
Apr. IS62 ; on slatf of Gen. Sherman ; severe- 
ly wounded at Port Hudson ; joined Gen. 
Grant, Jan. 1864, as military sec. and lieut.- 
col,, and was made brcv. Iirijj.-pcn. U.S.A., 
for faiiliful and merit, services in the war. Col. 
and aide decamp to the gen. of tlic army. Mar. 
1865 to May 1869, when retired. See', of le- 
gation to the court at London. Author of 
" History of Gen. U. S. Grant," 2 vols., 8vo, 
18GS. 

Badger, George Edmund, LL. P. (Y.C. 
18 IS), statesman and jurist; b. Ncwbcrn, 
N.C., Apr. 13, 1795; d. Raleigh, N.C., Mav 
11, 1866. Y. C. 181.3. Ucpraetised law in IJ.i- 
leigli, where he soon disting. himself by solidi- 
ty and stren;;th in his profession. He became 
a member of the legisl. in 1816; was judgcof 
tlie Supreme Court in 1820-5; sec. of the na- 
vy in 1841, but resigned on Pres Tyler's veto- 
ing the bill to re-charter the U. S. Bank ; and 
U. S. senator from 1846 to 1854. Nominated 
to the supreme bench in 1851, but not con- 
firmed by the senate. In the State conveniion 
of May, 1861, he spoke ably in defence of the 
Union. He was an excellent lawyer, and a 
vigorous speaker, abounding in wit and humor. 

Badger, Gen. Joseph, b. Haverhill, Ms., 
Jan. U, 1722; d. Apr. 4, 180,3. Prior to his 
removal to Gilmanion in 1763, he held vari- 
ous civil and military ofRcci in Haverhill, and 
became col. in 1771.' During the Revol., he 
was an active an<f efficient offii-cr, a member of 
the Provincial Congress, was muster-master of 
troops raised in his section of the State, and 
was employed in furnishing supplies for the 
army. He was app. brig.-gen. 1780, was 
judge of probate 1 784 to 1 797, member of the 
conv. which adopted the Constiintiou, and of 
the State council in 1784, 90-91. lie did 
much towards founding and erecting the acud. 
in Gilninnton. 

Badger, Joseph, an early missionary 
west of the Allcghanies, b. Wilbraham, Ms., 
Feb. 28, 1757 ; d. Perrysburg. O., May 5, 1846. 
y. C. 1785. Giles his ancestor settled in 
Newbury, Ms., in 1635. His early education 
was slight; and, at the age of 18,' he entered 
the Revol. army, in which, with the excep- 
tion of a few weeks, he remained until the 
end of 1778. 5200, which he had saved in 
Continental bills, were then so reduced in 
value as hardly to purchase him cloth for an 
ordinary coat. Notwithstanding his destitu- 
tion, he resolved to obtain an education, and 
earned money to pay his coll. bills by teaching 
«chool. He studied for the ministry, was pas- 
tor at Blandford, Ms., 24 Oct. 1787-24 Oct. 
IgOO, and was then sent by the missionary 
tixiety to the unsettled parts of O. Here for 
30 years his labors were only exceeded by his 
haril^hips. During the War of 1812, Mr. 
liadger was app. by Gen. Harrison brig, chap- 
lain. His familiarity with the country enabled 
him to ^u.■t tlie part of a temporal as well as 
spir^ial guide, and, at the close of the war, he 
resume 1 his missionary functions. His poverty 
»us at timci extreme; and in 1826 he l)ceame 



a Revol . pensioner. — See Life bu E. G. flo/land. 
N. Y., 1854. 

Badger, Luther, lawrer, b. Partridge- 
field, Ms., Apr. 10, 1785. " Ham. Coll. 1807. 
Adm. to the bar of Broome Co., N.Y., in 
1812; judge-advocate of the 27ih brig. N Y. 
Militia, 1819-27; M. C. 1825-7; examiner 
in chancery, and commissioner U. S. loans, 
1840-3; U.' S. dist.-atty. for N. Y. 1846-9. 

Badger, Stephen, minister to the Natick 
Indians from Mar 27, 1752, until dism. Julv, 
1799 ; d Aug. 28, 1803 ; b. Charlestown, Ms., 
Apr. 12, 1726. H. U. 1747. He was cm- 
jiloyed by the commissioners for propagating 
the gospel in N. E. He pub. a letter concern- 
ing the Indians, in the Ms. Hist. Coll., datcrl 
1797, and two discourses on drunkenness, in 
1774. afterward reprinted. 

Badger, William, gov. of N. H , 1834-6, 
b. Gilmnnt<m, N H, Jan.l3, 1779; d. Sept. 21, 
18.52. His youth was employed in business 
pursuits. He was sucecssivelv in the legisl. 
(1810-12) and senate (1814-r6) of his native 
State; Pres. of the senate in 1816; an asso. 
justice of the C. C. P. 1816-21, hi'.;li sher- 
iff of Siatfor.l Co. 1822-32. — /7(s/. Gilninnton. 

Badlam, Stephen, -gen., a Revol. officer, 
b. Canton, Ms., 1751; d. Dorchester, Ms., 
Aug. 24, 1815. Left an orphan at an early 
age, his education was limited. Joining the 
army in 1775, he was marie a lieut. of artillery, 
soon became a capt., and was ordered to N.\., 
where he made the acquaintance of .\lex. Ham- 
ilton, who frequently consulted him on tactics. 
He had also the esteem of Washington, whose 
disciple in politics he continued to his death, 
ilade a maj., he was ordered to command the 
arrillery of the dcpt. of Canada. Returning 
thence to Crown Point, he took possession of 
Mt. Independence on the memorable July 4, 
1776; from which circumstance it was named 
by .Maj. Badlam. He did good sen-ice in the 
action at Fort Stanwix, under Willet, in Aug. 
1777. In 1779, he was made brig.-gen. of mi- 
litia. — See Codiitan^s Fun. Sermon : Panopiiiit 
xi. 572. 

Baena (t>5-a'-na) Aktosio Ladislacs 
MoxTEiRO, Portuguese historian and geog- 
rapher in the military ser>-iee of Brazil; d. 
al>. 1851. Author of a " Chorographic Essay 
on the Province of Para," 1839, and of other 
valuable works. 

Baez, BuE.vA VENTURA, prcs. of Ilayti, n 
mulatto, b. A/.ua, Ilayli, 1820. His father 
was active in the insurrection of 1808. The 
son became influential by his wealth and tal- 
ents, and, having co-operated with Snntana 
in scenring the independence of the republic, 
was, after the expulsion of Jemines, chosen 
prcs. At the next election, Santana was 
chosen ; and from being friends they became 
hitter enemies. Oct. 6, 1856, Bacz again be- 
came prcs., but surrendered the government to 
Santana, Jnnc 11, 1858, and left the coun- 
try. Returning in 1865, he was a third time 
elected pres., but in Mar. 1866 was again ex- 
pelled by Gen. Cabral. Late in 1867, he in- 
augurated a new revol., and has since been in 
power in the eastern part of the island ; the 
sale of which he endeavored to effect to the 
U. S. in 1871. 



BAJF 



51 



Bi^J 



Baffin, ^V^LLIAM, an English arctic ex- 
plorer, I). ir)S4; tl. 1622. On returning from 
hh first West Greenland voyage in 1612, he 
wrote an account of it, giving for the first 
lime a inuthod for determining the longitude 
at sea by an observation of the celestial 
liodics. lie also pub. an account of a second 
vovagc to Greenland in 161.5, and of a voyage 
to Spitzbergen in 1614 .gpntaining important 
information. In 16I8,.'%Vwas mate of a mer- 
cliant-vesscl in the ArSbian Sea. In 1616, he 
com. a vessel in which be is said to have 
reached 81^ deg. N. latitude, and is supposed 
to have a.scertained the limits of the vast inlet 
of the sea since known l>v his name. He was 
killed at the siege of Ormuz in the Persian 
(uilf, while attempting, in conjunction with a 
IVrsian force, to e.xpel the Portuguese from 
that i>binil. 

Bagby, Arthur P., gov. of Ala., 18.37- 
41, li. V:\., 1794; d. Mobile, Ala., 21 Sept. 
1858. Liberally educated, he settled in Ala., 
taking at once a high position as a criminal 
la vyer; was a member of the legisl. in 1820- 

2, and speaker of the house; U S. senator in 
1843-9, and minister to Russia in 1849-5.3. 
Subsequently a commissioner to codify the 
law-i ot' the State. 

Bagot, Sir Ch.vrles, a British statesman, 
b. Ulitblield, Stafford Co., Eng., 23 Sept. 
17SI ; d. Kingston, Canada, May 18, 1843. 
Second son of William Lord Bagot. Madenn- 
der-sec. for foreign affairs in 1807 ; sent in 1814 
on a special mission to Paris; from 1815 to 
1820 min.-plenipo. to the U. S. ; successively 
ambassador to St. Petersburg, the Hague, and 
special ambassador to Vienna in 1834. From 
10 Jan. 1842, to his death, gov.-gen. of Brit. 
North Anier., which ho governed with wis- 
dom and jjrudence. 

Bailey, Ebeniizer, educator, and author 
of a treatise on algebra ; d. 18.39. Y. C. 1817. 
lie pub. also a " Review of the Mayor's Re- 
port upon the High School for Girls,"' 1828.— 
•S e .S,'.f^<-/i o/" his Life and Edac. Labors, 8vo, 
1801, Ilartfoi-d. 

Bailey, G.vmalieI, proprietor and editor 
of the Satioual Era, b. Mt. Holly, N..J., Dec. 

3, 1807 ; d. June 5, 1859, on board stciimer 
"Arago," while on his way to Eng. Remov- 
ing to Phila. at the age of 9, he studied med- 
icine; receiving his degree in 1828. Sailed to 
China as physician of a ship, and began his 
career as an editor on the Methodist Protestant 
in Bait. In 1831, be removed to Cincinnati, 
and was physician to the cholera hospital dur- 
ing the iicstilencc. The expulsion of some 
students from Lane Sem. on account of their 
antislavcry sentiments first prompted his 
hostility to slavery. In 1836, with J. G. Bir- 
ney, he conducted the first antislavcry news- 
pap<.r in tlie West, the Ciiicitmati Philanthro- 
nist. Their printing-office was twice attacked 
by a mob, the press thrown into the Ohio 
River, and the books and papers burned. In 
1837, Dr. Bailey became sole editor of the 
Phllaiilhrojiist, the organ of tlie Liberty party, 
and was n principal leader in the presidential 
canvass in 1840. In 1841, his press was de- 
stroyed by a mob, which was dispersed by the 
military. Jan. 1, 1847, he began to edit at 



Washington the National Era, an antislavery 
paper. In 1848, a mob for three days besieged 
his office. Addressing the multitude in a 
speech remarkable for its coolness and its in- 
dependent spirit, the mob, that had proposed 
to tar and feather him, was disarmed by his 
clo(|uence. " Uncle Tom's Cabin " was ori- 
ginally pub. in the Era. 

Bailey, Jacob, soldier, b. Newbury, Ms., 
July 2, 1728; d. Newbury, Vt., Mar. 1, 1816. 
Settled in Hampstead," 1745; was a capt. in 
French war, 1 756, and escaped from the iiiMS- 
sacre at Fort Wm. Henry in Aug. 1757 ; col. 
at the taking of Ticonderoga and Crown Point 
in 1759. In 1764, chartered a township inVt., 
to which he removed ; app. brig. -gen. of mili- 
tia by' the State of N.Y., and commis.-gen. 
Nortbeni dcpt. during the Revol., in which 
he pcrlbrmcd valuable service with purse, pen, 
and sword. — Coffin. 

Bailey, Jacob, Pr.-Ep. clergyman and 
loyalist, b. Rowley, Ms., 16 Apr. 1731; d. 
Annapolis, N.S., 26JuIy, 1808. H. U. 1755. 
Ord. in Eng., he officiated many years at 
Pownalboro, now Wiscasset, Me. ; and in 1779, 
during the Revol. war, went to Annapolis, 
where he was rector of St. Luke's. His eldest 
son Percy, a capt. in the British army, was 
killed at the battle of Chippewa, July 5, 1814. 
— See his Jonrnal, with Memoir by Jiev. ]V. S. 
liartlet. 

Bailey, Jacob Whitman, naturalist, b. 
Ward, Ms., Apr. 29, 1811 ; d. West Point, 
Feb. 20, 1857. Removing to Providence, R.I. 
in early life, he received a common school 
education. Grad. West Point, July, 1832, 
pud was app. lieut. of art. In 1839, he was 
app. assist, and afterwards prof, of chemistry, 
botany, and mineralogy, at W. Point. His wife 
and dan. perished when the steamer " Henry 
Clay" took fire on the Hudson in 1852; 
and his exertions and exposure on that oc- 
casion caused his death. Inventor of " Bai- 
ley's Indicator," and of many improvements 
in the microscope. His investigations with 
this instrument, illustrating botany gnd zool- 
ogy, gave him great distinction. His "Mi- 
croscopic Sketches," together with his coUec- 
tiou of about 4,500 specimens of algie, 
he bequeathed to the Boston Soc. of Nat. 
History. He was pres, of the Amer. 
Asso. ■ for the Advancement of Science 
in 1857. His puU papers, more than 50 in 
number, are found in Silliman's Joitrmd of 
Science, Transactions of the Asso. of Geol' 
oijists and Naturalists, The Smithsonian Con- 
tributions to Knowledije, and in the various 
State geological surveys. — Journal of Micro- 
scopic S'ience. 

JBailey, Coi,. John, Revol. officer, b. 
Hanover, Ms, Oct. 30, 1730; d. there Oct. 
27, 1810. At the outset of the war, he was 
lieut. -col. of the Plymouth regt., with which 
he marched to Cambridge, in May, 1775; suc- 
ceeded C(d. John Thomas in its command, 
and throughout the war was col. of the 2(1 Ms. 
regt. of the Continental line. He was con- 
spicuous in the campaign against Burgoyne, 
and had the reputation of a brave and faith- 
ful officer. Late in life he was an innkeeicr 
in Hanover. 




liimis of the M]ii. sqiiDclraii snicli- ovt-rtlic 
(luni^roiis fiills iiiid rn]iiils of ilic "Uetl RiviT 
"'i^vc Alcxniulrin llo joincil the nrmv in 
AVisronsiii, where he Jmd previonslv ln'iii n 
hiiiihorniiin, iinil was ucling ehirf-ciiiiiieer of 
tlie l;i|h Arniv Corps, with nink of lniit.o.il., 
when llio ri'Iroiitiii;; t'liioil foixvs foinul that 
the w.itorof the Uiil Kiver hiul fallen so imuli, 
thni Atliiiinil Vorter's sqtinilroii ooiiM not pn*s 
the rapl(N. In this perilous emcrt,'enev^ Col. 
Biiiley proposed to constrnet dams' whieh 
should raise the water suftieientiv to ptrniit 
the (.Minhoats to deseend safely." The most 
skilful engineers in the nrniy .siiid the propo- 
sition was nhsurd; Imt in U davs the lleet 
were safelv over the falls. Korthis hrilliani 



imssaj.'o of the forts; com. the Kasiern Gulf 
bloek.. squad. 1S62, an<l was enerireiie and sue- 
cessfnl in hrenkinj; up hl.Hknde-niiininj;on the 
Honda loast. Com. Portsmouth unvv-vard 
ISG.'.-:. Said to have taken over 150 hloekade 
runners in a vear and a half. 

Baillargeon, c. v.. n. c. Bishop of Que- 

l«v: d. Oei. 14, 1870. a. 72. App. ndminisira- 
ti>r ol that diocese in 1S55. 

Bailly.JosKPii a., seulptor, \t. Paris, 1S2.5 ; 
cniue to I'liila., I8.")(i. Anion^' his works arc 
" Adam and Kve," •• Eve ami her Two Chil- 
dren," and the monninent of Wasliiii-ton 
plaeed (1H69) in front of the State House! 
Phila. 

Baily, Jonv, eler-vman. b. near RIaek- 



nrhievement ho was mude bri^.-gen.. ami iv- burn, lillleashilt^'l■n.^!iM Feb' '1644' d'lji.s 

reived the thanks of Con;;,-e,ss. He settled ton, Dec. 12, 1697. He lu-nn his miui'in in 

wbi'd, t\ "■'"", '" ^7'7 ,?■; '''"•."f Chester. Eng.. in 16«5.b;rw;;s":,J^^^ 

wine 1 he was chosen shenrt. He became for- for nonconformitv. and pri.«clu-<l to cn.w.U 

"!.""';■ '1 ;;•-'>'"'•«'■''">. •'«" ...U.- ..rr..sti„g tlmmgh the l«,rV of rincashlr; jail He 

to ol hem, brothers, named P.xley, was preached 14 years in Limerick, and subse- 

Mioi i.> iiieni. qneiitly again in Eng., but wa 




'^niii^ '■otnrned to the U. 8. u, 1844. an address to the ,,eople of Limerick, lli, 

«eM M^'iV'm",; r">o "V"V7^^'': "T*"- •■""""'■"■•"'H>n «ns pr^'aclied bv Cotton >l«. 

I.Aiig. Ulj,. Dartm. Coll. 17113. He stnd- IwimiAni Kmwielmi 

led theol. under Dr. Emmons; was minister Bainbridge, Heshy. lieiit.-col. U. S. A 

V^veas, e. Me . Oct. i;'.'r-lS24 : suhse- b. N. V., Iso-TTd.' at sen near Galve.ston, Tex.! 

entlyoK.ivensborouuh.Vt.. and Thornton, Jlay 31, 1857. West Point 18>1 Cam 15 

, • 'VV' ".' "';';' '''."'V' "." " '■""" «' """'• J""^'- >*'G; l>rev. maj. Sept. 2.-i, 1846 "for 

.i." ,, '"^•"^• '"■ ''"-;'*'■ '" '"'S-SO; I'WS. Brtliant and meritorious coiidnct at Moi.'terev 




Xov, 12. 18.35; at Pittsfield, Apr. 14. 1J24. to 
Sept. 27. 1827 ; taught school in S. C, in Fav- 
etteville, X.C., and in Staunton, Vit ; went io 
Texas in 1854; prof, of languages nt Anstiu 
Coll , Huntsville, 2 years, and its pres. from Dec. 
IC. 1838, to bis death, lie pub. •• The Issue," 
H vol. on slavery. 18;!7 ; " The Fainilv Pivacli- 
vr." 1838 ; a primary grammar, and "a " .Man- 
ual of (irammar ; " " The Mother's Rwiuest ; " 
and "The Beginnings of Evil " — .l/nuini/) C 



Bainbridge, Willusi, commo u. s.N 

b. Priiuvton, .\..l., Mav 7. 1774; d. Phila.. .Tnlv 
28. lS,t;t. Son of Dr". Absalom B. He went 
to sea nt 16. and at 19 i-oin. a ship. Apn Aug. 
3. 1798. to com. the U. S. scbimncr • Retnlia- 
tion," he was onptim-d by the JVnch while 
cruising near Ouadalon|)0,'and. after 3 months' 
continement. reached home in Feb, 1 799. Mus- 
ter com. .Mar. 29. 1799; capt. Mav 29. 1800. 
In 1799. he cruised again in the «'. Inilies 




ucm. uai... .«.:co.um«mter lar,... 1849; Framv. thus pr.-veniing their imprisonment 

capt. Dee. 15. 1855; eouimo. July 16. 1862; and slaverv. For this act he rv,-eiv«l, he thanks 

re«r.ndm,R-iirc<llist.July 25 1866. He com. of Bonapirte. then first cmsul. and the an- 

tUo jtoreshq, " Lexington during the Me.\i- proval of his own government. While coin- 



BAJ 



53 



:ba:k. 



raniuling: the frigate " Philmielphin," cngaj^Ml 
in till) liloekiiiio of Tripoli, Oct. 31, IS03, slio 
ran npon some rocks, iind was, witli her crew, 
captnrcil. Ucleascil nfler 13 months' confine- 
ment, Capt. Bainhriilge was acquiilcci of nil 
Mame bv a conrt of inquiry held at his own re- 
qne^it. Sept. 15, 1812, lie took command of tho 
frigate "Constitution." Cruising near tho 
loasi of Brazil, Dec. 29, ho fell in with tho Brit- 
ish Irigato "Java," Capt Lambert, which, iu an 
action of an hour and .55 minutes, was so in- 
juruil. that, after her capture, she was blown 
lip. linth coininainlers were wounded, Lambert 
niiirtally. lie trcMted lli^ prisoners with great 
kiucliiess ; was enihusiastieally received upon 
his reinru, and was awarded a gold medal liy 
Congress. Alter the peace of 18i5, ho superin- 
tended the building of "The Independence," 
74, in which he sailed for Algiers, but was fore- 
stalled by a treaty of peace, lie was afterward 
one of the nuvv commissioners, and com. the 
navy -yard at Cliarlcstown. His la.st cruise was 
in " The Columbus," 80, in the Mediterranean, 
iu 1820-21. (Hee Life, bi/ Tlios. Harris, Ml)., 
imb. P/iiUi., 8vo, 1837.) Ills bro. JoSKPH, capt. 
U. S. navy, d. Nov 18, 1824. A lieut. ut tho 
ilestrnciion of " The Philadelphia " frigate in 
the harbor of Tripoli, Feb. IG, 1804, and in the 
aiiions of I'reble's squadron in that harbor, 
Julv-Sept. 1804. 

fiaine, A. C, lawvcr and author, b. Ra- 
leigh. N.C, 21 Sept. 1810; d. Clitton, Nevada, 
21 Dec. I8C3. Alwut 1849. he settled in Stock- 
ton. l?al , as a lawyer, and was greatly csteeiued 
for scholarship and integrity. Anthiirof" Di- 
vine Faith and Natural Kea.son," 1861 ; and at 
till' rime of his death had nearly completed ii 
vol. on " Kelations of Human Liberty to Nat- 
uial, Mornl, and Divine Law." 

Baird, Ans.vi,OM, brev. inaj.-gcn. U. S. A., 
h. Washington, Pa., Aug. 20, 1824. Wash- 
ington Coll. 1841 ; West Point, 1849. He 
studied law belbre entering the military aead. 
];nt. the 2d Art.; served in Fla. in l"85c)-3; 
and between 1853 and 1859 was assist, instruct- 
or, and assist, prof, of mathemaiics at West 
Point. In Mar. 1861, he was ordered to Wash- 
ington to coin. Magruder's battery, and 1 1 
May, became assist, adj. -gen., rank of capt. He 
was chief of staff to Gen. Tyler at the battle of 
Uull I\iiu ; 12 Nov. 18C1, assist, insp.-gcn, rank 
of maj. ; and in Mar. 1862, chief of statf, and 
insp.-gen. to the 4th army corps, Gen. Keyes; 
and was at the siege of Yorktown and tlie bat- 
tle (il Williamsburg. Apr. 28, 1862. brig.-gen. 
of vols., and placed in com. of a brigade under 
Gen. Morgan, at Cumberland Kord, Ky. In 
April, 1863, he coin, a div. under tien. (iran- 
gcr, when attacked by Van Dorn ut Franklin, 
Tcnn., and nl.so at Chickamauga, for which he 
WHS brcv. licut.-col. 20 Sept. 1863. Brev. col. 
Nov. 20, for Chattanooga; brev. brig.-gen. 
13 .Mar. 1865, for the capture of Atlanta ; and 
brev. inaj.-gen. vols. 1 Sept. 1864, for services 
in tho Atlanta campaign, pnriicniarly for the 
battles ot Ifesaccn and Jonesborough. and op's 
against Savannah. He ciihi. a div. of the 14tb 
corps, iu Shernnin's " march to the sea," at the 
battle of Bentonville, N.C., 20 Mar. 1865, and 
snrrcndor of Johnston's army, 26 Apr. 1865. — 



Baird, Roueiit, D.D., author and clergy- 
man, b. ot Scotch j)arent8, Fayette Co., Pa., 
Oct. 6, 1798; d. Yonkers, N.Y., Mar. 15, 
1863. Jetr. Coll. 1818; D.I). 1842. He taught 
school a year at Bellefonte; stiulied 3 years at 
Princeton Theol. Sem., in which he was one 
year a tutor ; had charge of a sem. at Prince- 
ton from 1822 lo 1827 ; was agent of the N.J. 
Missionary Society in 1828; of the Amer. 
Sunday School Union in 1829, and in 5 years 
increased its revenue from $5,000 to $28,000. 
From 1835 to 1843, ho was most of the time 
in Kurope, striving to revive tho Protcstaiir 
faith in the south, and to promote the chiim' 
of temperance in the north, earning the title 
of " The International Preacher," so wide- 
spread had been his laliors. On the formation 
of the Foreign Evangelical Society in 1849, ho 
became its agent an<l corresp. see. On his last 
visit to Kurope in 1862, he ably vindicated the 
cause of the Union against secession before 
London audiences. He pub. " Religion in 
America," 1842 ; " Visit toNortliern Kurope ; " 
" Memoir of Anna ,J. Linnard," 1835 ; " State 
and Prospects of Religion in America," 1842; 
" View of the Valley of the Mississippi," 1832 ; 
"Transplanted Flowers," 18-39; "Memoir 
of Rev. Joseph Sanford," 1836; " Protes- 
tantism in Italy," 1845; "Impressions and 
Kxperieuccs of the W. Indies and N. America 
iu 1849," 12mo, Phila. ; " The Christian Ret- 
rospect and Register," 1851 ; " History of tho 
Alliigenses, Waldcnses, and Vnudois," " His- 
tory of the Temperance Societies of the U.S.," 
Paris, 1836; " Union of Church and State in 
N. Kngland," Paris. 1837. Kdilor of tho 
Christian Union, monthly, 1847-8, and corresp. 
of many lending foreign and Amer. jouniaK. 
His son. Rev. Charles, had charge of a Prot- 
estant chapel at Rome ; and another son, 
Henry M., is disting. for proficiency in Greek 
literature, and pnb. a memoir of his father, 
1866. 

Baird, Si>knoekFullkrton,LL.D.. natu- 
ralist, b. Heading, Pa , 1823 Prof nat. seiences, 
Dick. Coll. 1840; assist, sec. Siniths'n. Inst. 
Theeditorand translator of" The Iconogrnphic 
Kncyclop.," 4 vols. 8vo, N.Y., 1851. Author 
of papers on zoology, and of re])or!s on nntn- 
ral history colls., made by Capt. Stansbiiry, 
Capt. ^fclrcy, Lieut. Gilliss, the U.S. and Mex- 
ican Boundary Survey, and tho Paeilie R. R. 
Survey ; also, with J. Ciissin, " The liinls of 
North America." 2 vols. 4to, 1860; " .Mam- 
mals of North America," 4to, 1861. He has 
made valuable contributions to the publications 
of the Jour, of Seiences, Phila., the Smith- 
sonian Institution, &c. 

Baker, Daniki,. lieut.-col. U.S.A.; d. 
Detroit, Alich., 10 Oct. 1836. Ajin. from Vt., 
Knsign 16th Inf, 8 Jan. 1799; adj. iu 1802; 
assi:.t. military a«ent at Detroit; capt. Mar. 
1812; n.ssist. dep. qnancrnmstcr, Apr. 1812; 
brev. maj. Aug. 9, 1812, for disting. service 
in battle of Urownstown, Magnago, where ho 
was wounded ; aidede-camp to Gen. Lewis, 
Jc.ne, 1!:13; maj. 45 Inf Apr. 15, 1814; 
disting. iu alfair at Lyon's Creek, under Gen. 
Bi>sell; maj 7th Inf I June, 1819 ; lieut.-col. 
6th Inf Mav 1, 1829; com. his regt. iu battle 
of the Bad Axe. — Gardner. 



BA.K 



54 



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Baker, Daniel, D.D. (Laf. Coll. 1849), 
[.res. 1)1 Austin Coll., Tcxu", I'rcsl). cleij:v- 
man; il. 1S57. N.J. Coll. 1S15. Has pub. 
" AHlclionuic Adilrc'ss to Motliir.-i," unci to 
" Riili' IS," '■ Plain ami .Sfrii>lunil View of 
Bapii'Mi," ISino, " Kuvival Sermons," linio. 

Baker, David Jewett, jjoliiician, h. E. 
Ila.l.lain Ct , Sept. 7, 1732; il. Alton, HI., 
Au},'. G. 18G9. Ham. Coll. 18IG He went 
witli Ins parents to Ontario Co., N.Y., in 1800, 
noikul on a faitn, studied law, ami was ad- 
mitted to the I>ar in 1819; settling in Kaskas- 
kia, HI He had a larjje praeticc, and was 
pruhate jud;;eof Kandolph Co.; US. senator 
18ao-l, earrvinf; thronj,'li Con;;ress the im- 
purtant niea.s'ure of selling the pnhlie lands to 
uetual settlers in quantities of 40 aeres ; U.S. 
atiorne.v for III. in 183.1-41. He opposed the 
introduction of slavery into 111. in 182i, with 
such ciicrj:y, that his opponents tried to kill him. 

Baker, Edwakd Diciiixsos, soldier and 
senator, b. Lund., Feb. 24, 1811 ; killed in the 
battle of Ball's ISIutf, Uct. 21, 1861. His 
family came to the U.S ah. 181.5, and scllkd 
in Piiila., but in 1825 removed to 111. The 
son studied law, was admitted to practise 
in Greene Co., III. ; removed to Sprin^itield ; in 
1837 was chosen to the legisl. ; was State sen- 
ator from 184U to 1844, and then M.C. until 
the breaking-out of the Mexican war, when 
he resigned, and became col. of Illinois 
Vols, lie shared in the siege of Vera Cruz, 
com. with great gallantry a brigade at Cerro 
Gordo and all the subsequent cunllicts, and 
after the war removed to Galena, and aided in 
the nomination of Gen. Taylor to the presi- 
dency. In 1848-9. he was again in Congress, 
but, becoming connected with the Panama 
Kailroad Co., declined a re-election, settled in 
the successful practice of law in Cal. in 18o2, 
and connected himself with the Republican 
party. When Senator liroderic was killed in a 
duel in 1839, he delivered a funeral-oration 
over the body of his friend in the public sqnaie 
of San Francisco, and soon after removed to 
Oregon, where in 1860, by a coalition between 
the liepublieans and Douglas Democrats in the 
legisl., he was elected to the U. S. senate. On 
the bieaking-out of the civil war in 1861, he 
raised the " Calilornia " regt. in X.Y. and 
Phila., and, declining to bo app. a gen., went 
into the tield at its head. At Ual.'s UliifT, he 
com. a IniLiade, and fell in advance of tile line 
while .■serving a |pii'ce of artillery. 

Baker, Hkxuv Fklt, author and inventor, 
b. Salem, Ms., Nov. 7, 1797; d. Portsmouth, 
O., Feb 20, 18.i7. H.U. 181.5. He became a 
merchant and trader. In 184C, he patented 
the well-known " Improvement in Steam- 
Boilcr Furnaces." Ab. 1848, he went to Cin- 
cinnati, became clerk in a bank, and in 1853 
and 1854, pub. in two pans a work on " Banks 
and Banking in the U.S.," ami contrib. fre- 
quently to the Uaith'yn* Mttijazine. The name 
of Baker, his stepfather, was added to his ori- 
ginal name. 

Baker, Lafaykttb C, brcv. brig.-gen. 
vols., and chief of the detective service during 
the civil war, b. StaBord, X.Y., 1824 ; d. Phila , 
Jidy 3, 1868. In 1867, ho pub. a work detail- 



ing much of the secret history of the war, and 
charging President .lohnson with being privy 
to the pardon-brokerage business. 

Baker, Os.mas Cleandek, D.D., Bishop 
M. !•;. Church, b. Marlow, N. H., 1812. 
Licen>ed 1829. Conscc. bi.>hop in May, 1832. 
He was stationed in N II., and was jirof. in 
the Melh. Bibl. Inst, in 1847-52. Author of 
" Discipline of the M.E. Church," 12mo-; " Last 
AVitness." I). Concord, X.H., Dec. 20. 1871. 

Baker, Capt. ItEMKUOEii, soldier and 
pioneer of Vi., b. Woiidburv, Cl. ab. 1740; 
killed by Imli.ius, near /de Aax Awr, in Aug. 
1773. A soldier in the French war in 1757-9, 
and in the bloody baitlo at Ticondcroga ; 
settled at Arlington, ou the " X.Il. Grants," in 
1764, and, in the struggles of the settlers 
against the claims of K.V., was an active and 
efficient second to F.lhun Allen. On one occa- 
sion, he w;is captured and cruelly maimed, 
but was rescued the same day. He was out- 
lawed by the gov. of NY., and a pritns set 
upon his heaii. May 10, 1775, with Col. 
Warner, he participated in the capture of 
Crown Point. He was on a scouting exped. 
when killed. 

Balboa, Mioi'KL Catello.s Spanish mis- 
siiiriiiry who visited S. America ab. 1566, and 
collected materials for a historv of Peru, which 
was pub. in Paris, 1840. 

Balboa, Vasco Nlxez de, a Spanish dis- 
coverer and conqnerorin America, b. Acres de los 
Caballeros, 1475; d. Castilla de Oro in 1517. 
In 1501, he went to the West Indies, in the ex- 
ped. of Bastidas. He is said to have been the 
first European who asccrtaineil ('iiba to Ih.' an 
island. From Ui^paniola, he sailed in 1510 to 
the Kivcr D.irien, ami establislicil a colony on 
the Isthmus of Panama, where he built Santa 
Maria de la Antigua, the first town on the con- 
tinent of South America. In Sept. 1513, Bal- 
boa set out on an exped. across the isthmus, and 
discovered the Pacilic Ocean. Sept. 29. Kneel- 
ing, he thanked God for this great discovery, of 
which he took pos.se.ssion in the name of the 
sovereigns of Castile. Ucturning, he sent to 
Spain an account of his discoveries. His mer- 
its, however, were neglected, Eneiso, a rival, 
having traiinccd him to the Spanish Govt.; and 
Pcdrarias Davilawas sent out with a fleet and 
troops as gov. of Daricn. Ball>oa was after- 
wards made lieut.-gov. with independent au- 
thority. But, disputes arising between him and 
Davila, the latter accused him of disloyally, ami 
a design to revolt ; on which charge he was 
tried and cimvicted : and in spite of the entrea- 
ties of the judges ihemsdves.aiid of the whole 
colony, he was beheaded, leaving the character 
of an active and cnterprisiiii; adventurer, infe- 
rior to none of the Spanish leaders in America 
in courage or abilities, and whose object was 
fame, and not the accumulation of wealth. In 
his intercourse with the Indians, he displayed 
great hnnianily and prudence. 

Balbucna de (ilaliilbwii'-na), Bernar- 
do, a Spanish poet, and bishop of Porto Uico, 
in the W. Indies, from 1620 to his death, 1627, 
b. Val de J'cnos, 1568. Author of " The Age 
of Gold, "a pastoral romance; "El Bernardo," 
an e, ic [loein, and some lyrics. — .Str Ticl.iioi's 
Hist. ^/tan. Lit. 



:baJj 



55 



laAJL. 



Balcarres, Alexander Lisdsat Earl 
nf I l{,iii4i"eii., b. 1752; il. London, 27 M^u. 
tlV-, EUlest son of ti.e 5th Earl Balcancs, 
wh.'.m ill 1767 he snccet-ilcd in the family hon- 
ors. He became an cnsi«n in the 53.1 toot 
obtained a maiinate. Doc. 9, 1775, and sei \ea .1 
years in N. America under Carleton and Bur- 
iovnc He was present at the actions ot I lois 
g:Vii;;es,J«ne l,\776; con,, the l,^h. in amrv 
of the armv at Ticonderoga and Hnbbauton, 
,Iulv7 1777: also at Freeman si' arm, Sept. 19, 
on -tlie' heights of Saratoga, with tlu' eom. ol 
the advanced corps of the army. BrigM.en 
F ,;,.er being killed in the action, Oct . , Oct. 8 
B.ilcar,es was app. lient.-col. 24th Foot ami 
w i< inelnded in the convention of bar.itoga. 
aV the battle of Hnbbardlon, where he was 
wounded, 13 l)a\ls passed throngh Ins eh.tbes. 
Made mJj.-gen. 1793, and in 1791 sent to com 
he fo.ces in Jamaica, where he was also placed 
at the head of the civil administration as lieu .- 
crov., hut soon after returned to Eng. Lieut^- 
cen 1793 • Ren. 1803. At the timeot ins death, 
he was one of the representative peers for beot- 
Inid but took no active part in poll tics. 
" Balcb, GeoeoeB capt. U.SN., b Tenn 
Dec 30 8-21. Midshipman, Dec. .30, 1837, 
ie. t. Aug. 16, 1850; com. July 16,1862; capt. 
Julv 25,1866. Actively engaged in the war 
wi h Mcxho from first attack on Alvarado, 
Nov 1 IS46, to surrender of Vera Cru7 Mar. 
^847 'While on the sloop "Plymouth in 
com. of the advance P»^^«^Shanghai Ch.na^ 
he was wounded in the hip in a fight between 
the r.bcls and imperialists. Com. steamer 
Puclhontas," S. A squadron ; engaged rebel 
ba^Kryalstono, S.C. and on the Black .-er 
in \u<' 1 802; com. steamer " Pawiiee, at- 
t' .•ked''bv 2 rebel batteries who at the same 
ime attacked Gen. Terry's forces, and were r.^ 
p":cd July 16, 1863; engaged --^I'^-r^^sL 
rebel "uns in the Keowab Uiver, Dec. 2d, 1863 , 
\u The operations of Dahlgren and Foster in 
StolRiver S.C.,July.l864; and Keh.9, 186.5 
I tMle ''Sonom'a" and " Daffodil ' engaged 
T rebel batteries on Togoda Creek, North Edis- 
to, S.C, driving the enemy from his works. - 

^^'■Balch William, minister of the Second 
CNr^d" Bradford, b. B-er,y Ms Oc_t.2, 1^0 ; 
,1 Bradford, Jan. 12, 1792. H. U. 1.24. Old. 
7 J .n 17'7 In 1744, he pub, a pamphlet upon 
rdi.pute"between himself and ''f':"- ;'j«^«' li- 
fted members of his church ; and in 1, 46 he 
wrote an able reply to Messrs. Wigglcsworth 
Ind Chlpman, who had attacked h.in tor propa. 
gating Arminian tenets. "^■■^"'^^ '^^ "^ '"V ^■ 
Turned, he pub. " A Di>course upon Self-right 
cou'ncss," 1742, and " Election Sermon,' 

^Baidwill, Abraham, statesman, b. Guil- 
ford CXoV. 1754; d. Washington, D.C., 
Mir' 4 1807. Y. C. 1772. Being a good clas- 
sical and mathematical scholar, he was tutor 
there 5 years, and from 1777, till the close of 
he war, was a chaplain in tlic army. Kemov- 
„.' to Savannah at Xhc request of «cn-.'^';™"';- 
eariv in 1784 he abandoned the clerical pio- 
fe..ion for that of the law. was a member of 
the le-isl. in 1784, a delegate to Congress in 
17S5-8 an active and disting. member of the 



convention which framed the Federal Consti 
tution in 1787, under wliich he was M. t- 
1789-99, and a U. S. senator from 1,99 till his 
death. During the 22 years of his legislative 
career he was never absent an hour, until tiie 
week preceding his death. In the Georgia 
ic.'isl. be originated the plan of the State Uni- 
ve'isitv, drew up the charter by which it was 
endowed with 40,000 acres of land, and, with 
the aid of Gov. Jolin Milledge, earned it 
throu-h suceessfiilly. It was located at Ath- 
ens and he was several years its pres. He 
was the bro.-in-lawof Joel Bariow; was a mai 
of treat talents, ardent patriotism, and cxten- 
sive benevolence. Having never been ma.-ned, 
he was enabled bv eeonoiny to assist many 
vouii" men in obtaining an edncalion ; and, on, 
"the (featb of his father in 1787, protected and 
edncated 6 orphan-children, bis half bros. and 
sifters arnom' them Judge Henry Baldwin. 
' Baldwin, Asi.bel, Pr.-Ep cl^'W""'"' 
h. Litcbrield, Ct,, Mar, 7, 1757 ; d Rochester, 
N Y Feb,8, 1846. Y. C. 1776. Heservedasa 
quartermaster in the Kevol. war, and wasord. 
by Bishop Seabnryin 1785, -the hrst Epis. 
ordination in this country. Minister ot Strat- 
ford 1792-1824. He was a delegate to the 
General Convention, sec. of the Diocesan Con- 
vention for maiiv vears, and sec. of the General 
Convention several times. After leaving Strat- 
ford be officiated at Wallingford, Meriden, 
North Haven, and Oxford, unul 1832, when he 
became disabled by age. He had preached 
about 10,000 times, baptized 3,010, married 600 
couples.and assisted at the buiial of about 3,000 
individuals. — ii/ai-e. 

Baldwin, Charles H Capt. U. S. IS., b. 
N Y City, Apr 24, 1822. Midsliipm. Apr, 24, 
1839 • lieut. Nov. 18.53 ; resigned, ind re-en-, 
tered'navvin 1861 ; com. Nov. 18, i862;capt. 
18G9. Served in frigate " Congress in Mexi- 
can war ; com. steamer " Clifton at the cap- 
ture of New Orleans, and at the first attack oa 
Vickshurg, 1862. — //""«'■■<'/■ „ „, 

Baldwin, Elihd Whittlesey, Pres >V a- 
bish Coll., Ind., 1835-40, b. Durham, N.\ ., 2a 
Dec 1789 ; d. Crawfoidville, Ind., 15 Oct. 1840. 
Y C 1812; And. Sem. 1817. S.T.D. Bloom. 
Coll. 1839. Minister 7th Presb Ch., N \. 
City, 1 820-35. — See Memoir, bj L.t. Hatjidd, 
N V 1843. . . 

Baldwin, Henry, LL.D. 0830) jurist 
and statesman, bro. of Abraham, h. New Haven, 
Ct 1780; d. Phila., 21 Apr. 1844. Y.C. 1.9,. 
He'becamo eminent at the bar, settled at Pitt»- 
bur-. Pa., was M. C. from Pa. in 1817-22, and 
in 18.30 was made a justice ot the U. S. Su- 
preme Court, Author of" A General View of 
the Origin and Nature of the Constitution and 
Govt, of the U S.," I'liila., 18.37. 

Baldwin, Henry P., gov. of Michigan, 
1869-7?, b. Coventrv. R.I., 22 Feb. 1814. He 
engaged in mercantile business in his youth, 
cmT'rated to Detroit in 1838, became pres. Sec- 
ond" Nat. Bank, and was two years a State 
senator. • „ ;« 

Baldwin, jEnutHAV, col. of engineers m 
thfuevol a'mv, b. Wobnrn, M-.. Jan. 13, 
I73"- d. Brooklield, Ms , June 4, 1788. He 
com", a company in the exped. against Crown 
Point, Sept. 15 to Nov. 27, 1755. He was ac- 



56 



SAJL. 



tivo in pI.Tnninj,' the works around Boston 
during; hi invt.'<>tnicnt; was madu us^isI. en- 
gineer, ranlc of eiipt., at Cambrid^ic, Mar. 16, 
1776, and ordered to N.V. ; plaeed on the 
eontinental cstalilishnicnt, with rank and pay 
of lieut.-col , Apr. 26, 1776, and ordered to 
Canaila, Sept. 3, 1776; made engineer, with 
rank of col., and .served at Ticonderoj;a. He 
was at West Point with his regt of artificers 
in Oct. 1780, anil resiirned Ai>r. 26, 1782. He. 
was a prominent member of the Ms. Provincial 
Con;rrcs.s, 1774-.'), and a friend of literature. 
He left a lie(|uest of £100 to Leicester Acad. 

Baldwin, Jons Deni.so.n, author, editor, 
and .M.C. (186.3-9), h. N. .Stoninfiton, Ct., 
28 Sept. 1810. A. M. of Y. C. 18.'i9. He 
studied law and tlieolojxy ; ronueetcd himself 
with the press, first in lint tinnl, next in Boston, 
and afterward becaiiie proprieior of the ll'or- 
cesliT .j>/)(/. Dele^r. to the Cliiiai.'o Conv. of 
1860. Author of " Raymond Hill and other 
Poems," 1847, and " Prehistoric Nations." 

Baldwin, Joseimi G., judge Sup. Ct. of 
Cal. I857-G.'J, ehief-jusiiee, 186.3; d. San Fran- 
cisco, 30 Sept. 1864. Authorof Flush Times 
of Alabama and Mississippi," 8vo, IS'jS, and 
" Party Leaders," 8vo, 185.'). His son Alex. 
W., U.S. dist. judge for Nevada, was killed at 
Alameda, Cal., by a railroad accident, 15 Nov. 
1869, a. .34. 

Baldwin, Coi,. Lo.\m.mi, enirinccr, b. 
Woburn, Ms., .Tan. 21, 1745; d. there Oct. 20, 
1807. A desicmlant of Deacon Henry, one of 
the first settlers of U'ohurn. Having a good 
common school education, he devoted his lei- 
sure to the study of mathematics ; attended the 
lectures of Prof. VVinihrop at Harvard Coll. 
with Benj. Tliomiison, afterward Count Kuin- 
ford, and became a practical surveyor and en- 
gineer. A leading and active \Vhig of the 
R'evol., he was a member of the county con- 
vention in Middlesex, held in Aug. 1774; en- 
tered the army as a major; was chosen lieut.- 
col. of Gerrisli's rogt. June 16, 1775; was col. 
of the 26tli regt. in Nov. 1775 ; served at Lex- 
ington, at New York, and in the surprise of 
the Hessians at Trenton, but left the army 
early in 1777, in poor health. Sheriff of Mid- 
dlesex Co. 1780 to 1794. Member of Ms. 
legisl. 1778-9 and in 1800. A principal pro- 
prietor of the Middlesex Canal, of which he was 
superintendent, 1794-1804. Member of the 
American Acad. His son Loam.mi, engineer, 
b. Woburn, May 16, 1780; d. June .30, 18.38. 
H.U. 1800. Was often employed in public 
works by the govt. ; nn<l his skill is well at- 
tested by the dry docks at Charlestown and 
Newport. 

Baldwin, Mattih.xs W., a pioneer in- 
ventor, and l)nil(U'r of locomotive-engines, b. 
Elizabethlown, N.J., 10 Dec. 1795; d. Phila., 
7 Dec. 1866. He was originally a jeweller, 
and, while thus employed, invented a new 
process of gold-plating. He afterward manu- 
factured bookbinders' tools, and calico-printers' 
rolls, at which time he built his first steam- 
en^-ine. In 18'.2, be conairueted his first loco- 
moiive for the Phila. ami Germantown Rail- 
way, called the" Ironsides." He made many 
important improvements in locomotive-engines, 
and, in Aug. 1842, patented the flexible truck 



locomotive. He was a member of the Const. 
Conv. of 1837, and of the State legisl. in 1853 
Many years pres. of the Phila. Ilortic. Soc. 

Baldwin, Hocek Sukhman, LL.-D. (Y. 
C. 1845), lawyer and senator, b. N. Haven, 
Jan. 4,1793; d. there Feb. 19, 1863. Y.C. 
1811. Son of Judge Simeon by a dau. of 
Koger Sherman. He studied at the Litchfield 
Law School ; began |iractice at N. Haven in 
1814 ; soon became eminent in the profession ; 
was State senator in 1837, and pres. /<ro(t/j. in 
1838; reiirescntativc in 1840-1; gov. of Ct. 
1844-6; US. senator, 1847-51 ; and a mem- 
ber of the Peace Congress in Feb. 1861. oppos- 
ing the projected amendments to the Constitu- 
tion. His plea in the "Amistcad" case, in 
which he was asso. with John Quiney Adams, 
was one of the ablest forensic efforts ever made 
in the U.S. Supreme Court. In the U.S. 
senate, he advocated the exclusion of slavery 
from the territory acquired by the Me.xiian 
war, and opposed the com]>romiscs of 1850, 
especially the Fugitive Slave Bill. — .Sr« /ji'oj. 
Disc, ly /iev. Dr. Dutton in \. Emilaiider, Apr. 
186,3. 

Baldwin, Simeon, jurist, father of the 
preceding, b. Norwich, Ct., 14 Dec. 1761 ; d. 
New Haven, 26 May, 1851. Y.C. 1781. Tu- 
tor at Yale in 1783-6; admitted to the N. 
Haven bar, acquired an extensive practice ; 
was clerk of the District and Circuit Courts 
in 1790-1803; M.C. 180.3-5; judge of the 
State Supreme Court, 1806-17, and of the 
Court of Krrors ; )ires. of the Board of Coms. 
to locate the Farmington Canal in 1822-30, 
and mavor of the ciiv of New Haven in 1 826. 

Baldwin, Thoma."!, D.D. (Un. Coll 1803), 
Baptist clergvmau, li. Norwich, Ct., 23 Dec. 
1753; d. WatcrviUe, Me., 29 Aug. 1825. 
With little early education, lie became, by dili- 
gent effort, an eminent jireaeher, and the head 
of his sect in N. E. Ord. U June, 1783, at 
Canaan, N.H., and in Nov. 1790, over the 
Second Church, Boston. Prominent in the 
eslablishment of Waterville Coll., Me., 1820, 
and Columb. Coll., D.C., 1821. He began the 
Aiim-. linpt. Mai/, in 18(W; was sole editor 
until 1817, and senior editor till his d. 
Several times a member of the legisl., and mem- 
ber of the State Const. Conv. of 1820. 
Author of " Bapti^m of Believers only," 1806, 
and a number of sermons. 

Balfour, Nisbet, a British gen., b. Edin- 
burgh, 1743; d. Denbigh, Co. Fife, Oct. 10, 
1823. Son of an auctioneer and bookseller of 
Edinburgh. Entering the service as an ensign 
ill ibe 4lh Foot in 1761, he obtained a company 
in 1770; was wounded at the battle of 
Bunker's Hill in 1775, and again in the action 
at the landing on Long Island; was at theeap- 
ture of Brooklyn, and at the taking of New 
York in 1776, on which occasion he was sent 
home by the com. in-cbief with despatches, and 
received, in con.^cquence, the brcv: of ni.ij. 
Nov. 19, 1776. He was present in the action 
nciir r.lizabethtown, N.J., in the spring of 
1777; in the engagements of Brandywine and 
Germantown ; at the siege of Charleston, and 
served, under Lord Cornwallis, part of the 
campaign after the surrender of the latter place. 
He was com. at Charleston in 1781, and caused 



SAIj 



57 



SAJi, 



Col. Isaac Ilayne's execution, an act of un- 
justifialile rruelty. He was app. lieut.-col 23d 
Koot ill 1778, col. and aide-de-camp to the king 
in 1782; attained the rank of maj.-gen. in 
179.3 ; served in Fhinders and Holland in 1794 ; 
became lieut.-jren. in 1798, and gen. in 1803. — 
Gf Ill's Mail. 1S23. 

Balfour, W.ilter, Universalist clergy- 
man, h. St. Miniaus, Scotland, 1777; d. 
Charlestown, Ms., where he had long been 
settled, 3 Jan. 1852. Educated a Presbvte 
rian, he came to the U. S. at the age of 20 , 
acquired popularity as an extempore speaker ; 
became a Baptist at 30, and a Universalist 10 
years later, l)y reading Prof. Stuart's letters to 
Dr. Channiiig. Ho pub. " Inquiries C.on- 
cerning the De^il," and " Scriptural Import 
of the Words translated Hell,'* 1824; "The 
State of the Dead," 18.33; "Reply," and 
"Letters to Prof Stuart," " Letters to Hud- 
son," and other controversial works. 

Ball, Oyer, M.D., clergyman and rais- 
sionarv, b. W. Bovlston, Ms., June 3, 1796 ; d. 
Canton, China, March 27, 1866. Un. Coll. 
1826. He studicdat Phillips Acad., and at Yale, 
but was obliged to go South for his health. 
After a theological course at X. Haven and 
Andover, he was licensed to preach in 1828, 
and ord. in 1831 He taught school in St. Au- 
gustine, Fla., and was a missionary and teacher 
in the South until 1S37 ; having also the degree 
of M. D. from the medical institution in 
Charleston. He sailed for Singapore, May 25, 
1838; labored there two years; went to .Macao 
in June, 1841 ; removed to Hong Kong in 
April, 1843, where he lost his first wife; and in 
1845 removed to Canton, where he again m., 
and passed the remainder of his life in mis- 
sionary, medic.il, and educational labor. For 
many years he printed a Chinese Almanac. 
He visited the U. S. in 1854-7. 

Ball, EpnRAiM, inventor of the Ohio 
Reaper and Mower, b. Stark Co., O., 1812. 
Passed his youtli without the advantages of 
even a common-school education. In 1840, be 
began to make ploughs; and "Ball's Blue 
Ploughs " became a success. He subsequent- 
ly associated with himself, in this business, 
Cornelius Aultm.in and Lewis Miller, who.sc 
Iar;;e establishment at Canton, O., became 
widely known. "The Ohio Mower " appeared 
in 1854, and was patented in 1856; and in 
1858 the "Buckeye" machine was brought 
out. which attained a large popularity. 

Ball, Thom.vs, sculptor, b. Charlestown, 
Ms., June 3, 1 81 9. Possessing a fine bass voice, 
he iang solo parts in oratorios in Boston. His 
first an anempts were at jmrtraits. Among his 
best pictures are those of Mrs. Barrett the 
actress, and a full length of Webster. He has 
executed, in marble, busts of Webster, Choate, 
Jonas Cliickering; statuettes of Lincoln. Web- 
ster, and Clay ; full-length statues of Webster 
and Everett, and an equestrian statue of Wash- 
ington in the Boston Public Garden. He has 
also produced ideal statues of Eve, Pandora, 
Trntb, and the Shipwrecked Sailor-Boy. In 
Feb. 1871, his statue of .lohn A. Andrew was 
placed in the State House, Boston. — Tucker- 
mail. 

Ballard, M.v.i. Blasd, b. Fredericksburg, 



Va., Oct. 16, 1761 ; d. Shelby Co., Ky., Sept. 
5,18.53. He went to Ky. in 1779, and took 
p.art in many of the Indian conflicts of those 
days. As m.nj. of Ky. Vols., he led the advance 
against the British and Indians at the River 
Raisin, and was wounded, and taken prisoner. 
He was often chosen to the Kv. legisl. 

Ballard, Edward, D.D. (Trin. Coll. 1865), 
Pr.-Ep. cler:.'vman, sec. X H. Hist. Soc, b. 
Hopkinfen, N.H., 1805; d. Brunswick, Me., 
Nov. 14. 1870. Formerly a school-teacher, 
latterly rector of St. Paul's church, Brunswick. 
Dr. B. was well versed in tlie Indian languages, 
and early history of Maine, and was a contrib. 
to the pub, collections of the Me. Hist. Soc. — 
Br,nmc. Tvhcj. Xov. 18. 

Ballard, Henry E., com. U.S. Navy, b. 
Md., 1785; d. Annapolis, Md., May 23, 1855. 
Son of Miij. Ballard of the Rev. army. Mid- 
shipman, Nov. 2, 1804 ; lieut. April 2'6, 1810; 
master. April 27, 1816; Capt. March 3, 1825. 
Lieut, in the frigate" Constitution " in thcaction 
with the " Cyane " and " Levant," Feb. 20, 
1815. 

Ballou, HosEA, a prominent Univ. min- 
ister, h. Richmond, X.H., Apr. 30, 1771; d. 
Boston, June 7, 1852. He was one of six sons 
of Rev. Maturin Ballon, a Baptist minister, 
of whom Benj. and David, as well as the sub- 
ject of this memoir, afterwards became Univ. 
]ircachers. His father, who had a large family, 
received no salary for preaching, and was ex- 
tremely poor. As there were no schools in 
his native town, nor pen, ink, nor writing-pa- 
per in his father's house, he was obliged to be 
his own teacher, to substitute birch-bark for 
paper, and to use charcoal in place of pen and 
ink. By perseverance, he enabled himself to 
• read and write at the age of IG. He began to 
preach when ah. 21, and labored ])rincipally in 
R. I., but subsequently in various portions of 
N.E. In 1794, he settled at Dana, Ms. At the 
age of 30, he removed to Vt. to officiate in 
Woodstock, Ilartland, Bethel, and Barn.ard. 
He there wrote his popular "Notes on the 
Parables," 1804, and "Treatise on the Atone- 
ment." In 1807, he became pastor of the 
Univ. society in Portsmouth, N.H., where he 
disting. him.sclf by his controversial writings ; 
and in 1815 removed to Salem, Ms. He was 
installed pastor of the 2d Univ. society in Bos- 
ton, Dec. 17, 1817, where he labored over 35 
years. He commence'! the Unmrmlisl Mnffa- 
ziiK in 1819, conducted for a few years solely 
by himself, and afterwards by Rev. Thos. 
Whittemore. Besides the works alreaily 
named are a series of 26 lecture sermons, and 
20 select sermons; "An Examination of the 
Doctrine of Future Retribution," 1846. His 
essays, fugitive sermons, ami other pub. works, 
it is estimated would make 100 12movols. 
In 1831. he commenced with his nephew, Rev. 
Hosea Ballon, 2il. a quarterly publication, en- 
titleil the Universalist Erpnsilor, which he ed- 
ited two years, and continued a contributor to 
till his death. A vol. of his fuL'itive verses 
consists mostly of hymns, many of which aro 
included in the " Universalist Collection," by 
Adams and Chapin. A Life by his son, M. M. 
Ballon, has been pub., also by Thos. Whitte- 
more, 2 vols. 8vo, 1854. 



BAL 



58 



BAN 



BallOU, HosKA, 2 1, D.D. (11. U. 1844), 
Univ. flurjivnian and niiiliur, Ij. lliililiix, Vt., 
Oit. 18, W'J6; d. Somervillo, Ms., May iii, 
1861. Gnuidson of Bcnj., elder l)io. of Rev. 
llosea Ballou of Boston. He received his early 
ediiealion at Ilaliru.x, Vt. About 1 8 1.1, lie was 
settled as pastor of Startord, Ct., where lie 
coiiiiiuied 4 or 5 years. July 29, 1821. lie was 
installed pastor of the church at lioxbury, 
where he remained until June, 1838, when lie 
was installed at .Me<lford, Ms. In May, 1853, 
he was chosen first prcs. of Tufts Coll., Som- 
crville, Ms., which lie had been active in es- 
tablishing, and after visitinj:; Europe, and ex- 
amining the colleges there, on his return, Aug. 
22, 1855, entered upon his duties. In May, 
1822, he became one of the editors of the 
O'nireisiilist Mwjazine (now the Tiuiiipil), and 
in July, 18.30, in connection with Rev. Ho.sea 
Ballou, sen., he commenced the publication of 
the Uiiuersalist ETjiositor, which he edited 
many years under that title and the title of 
the Universalis! Qimrler/y. In 1829, he pub. 
" The Ancient History of Universalisni," and 
a collection of )>salnis and hymns for the use 
of Univ. societies and families, 1837. He ed- 
ited .Sisniondi's " History of the Crusades " 
12mo, Bost.. 1833. 

Ballou, MvTURiN M., b. Boston, 1822, 
soil of Kev. Hosea, editor and proprietor of 
Biillnii's Pictorial and the Flaij of our IJnion. 
Author of " History of Cuba," 1854, " Biog- 
rapliy of Rev. Hosea Ballou," and " Lifc- 
Siory <if Hosea Ballou," a juvenile work. 

Baltimore, Loku, see Calvert, George. 

Bancroft, A.mos, D.l)., a Unitarian 
niim>ier. h. Reading, Ms., Nov. 10, 1755; d. 
Worcester, Ms., Aug. 19, 18.39. H. U. 1778.. 
D.D. 1810. Though his stuilies were much 
interrupted by the Revol., he became one of the 
most accomplished scholars of the country. 
He shouldered a musket as a volunteer at 
Lexington and Bunker's Hill. After spending 
some time in teaching, he studied theology, 
was lieeused to preach, and spent three years 
as a missionary in Yarmouth, N.S. Feb. 1, 
1786, he was settled in Worcester, where he 
spent the residue of his life. He was a pio- 
neer in liberal Christianity, and took an ac- 
tive part in associations, conventions, and ec- 
clesiastical councils. lie pub. a " Eulogy on 
Washington "in 1800, " Life of Washington " 
in 1807, and in 1822 a vol. of controversial 
sermons. He delivered, Jan. 1, 1836, a dis- 
course on the 50 years of his ministry at Wor- 
cester, which has been printed with historical 
notes. He was in straitened pecuniary circum- 
stances in the early part of his career, and, in 
the last years of his life, he was oppressed by 
severe domestic afflictions. Member of the 
AiiKT. Acad, of Arts and Sciences. Father of 
Hon. (iiorge Bancroft, LL. D. 

Bancroft, Dr. Edward, political and 
BcieiuiKc writer, b. Westlield, Ms., Jan. 9, 
1744 ; d. Eng. 8 Sept. 1820. Prcs. Adams, in 
his autobiography, says that Bancroft had 
been a pupil of Silas Deane when the latter 
was a school-teacher; after some education, he 
was apprenticed to a traile, from which he ran 
away, and went to sea in debt to his master ; 
returned successliil, and compensated his em- 



ployer; went again to sea; practised medicine 
in Guiana in 1763, and, taking up his resi- 
dence in Eng., pub. in London, in 1769, his 
" Natural History of Guiana," a work of mer- 
it. He next wrote " Sir Charles Wcntworth." 
a novel in which Christianity was vilitled. lie 
was a member of the Roy. Coll. of Physicians, 
Lond., and Fellow of the Roy. Society. Gain- 
ing the intimacy of Dr. Franklin, the latter 
recommended him to the editors and proprie- 
tors of the Monl/ili/ Review, for whom he was 
to review all publications relative to America. 
In this labor, Franklin also participated. He 
was also a " meddler in the stocks." In the 
summer of 1777, being suspected by the Brit- 
ish Govt, of participation in the attempt to 
burn Portsmouth dockyard, he fled to Possv. 
He then went to Paris to meet Silas Deane, 
and render assistance to the Aincr. canse. He 
had previously pub. a vol. in support of Amer. 
colonial rights, entitled " Remarks on the Re- 
view of the Controversy between Great Bri- 
tain and her Colonies," trnd., 1769, written by 
Wni. Knox. He had "a clear head and "a 
good pen, and wrote some pieces relative to the 
connection^between France and Amer., which 
were translated, and printed in a work, entitled 
Affaires de I' Amjleterre et Je I'Ani^rir/ite." 
Bancriift the historian accuses him of being a 
spy in the pay of the British Government, 
and of making a dupe of Deane, who showed 
him all his in-.truciions and correspondence. 
After the peace, he obtained a patent in France 
for the exclusive importation of the bark of the 
yellow oak, for the dyers, and afterward j)ro- 
curcd a similar patent in Eng., by which he is 
said to have realized £800 a year. In 1 794, ho 
pub. the first vol. of " Experimental Research- 
es concerning the Philosophy of Permanent 
Colors," &c., followed by a second in 1813. He 
never returned to America 

Bancroft, Gkorge, LL. D., historian and 
polilician, b. Worcester, Ms., Oct. 3, 1800. 
II. U. 1817. Son of Rev. Aaron Bancroft. 
He studied at the German universities, and re- 
ceived at Giittingen, in 1820, the degree of Ph. 
D. Returning to Amer. in 1822, he ofticiatcd 
one year at Harvard as tutor of Greek. In 
1823, in conjnnclioii with Dr. .1 G. Cogswell, 
he established the Round Hill School at North- 
ampton, as a preparatory school for collegiate 
instruction, lie began at this time collecting 
materials for a history of the U. S., the first 
vol. of which appeared in 1834, and the 9th 
18GG. In 1826, m an oration at Northampton, 
he declared himself for universal siiflrage and 
uncompromising democracy. In 1 835, he draft- 
ed an address to the people of Ms , at the re- 
quest of the young men's Demoe. Convention, 
and was active as n public speaker, and in 
drawing up political resolutions and addresses. 
In 1838-41, he was collector of Boston, and 
was a frequent orator in |joliiical assemblies. 
In 1844, he was the Dcmoc. candidate for gov. 
of Ms., but was not elected. In 1845, he en- 
tered Mr. Polk's cabinet as sec. of the navv, 
signalizing his administration by the establish- 
ment of the naval school at Annapolis. In 
1846-9, he was minister-plcnipo. to Great Bri- 
tain, and occupied himself in perfecting his col- 
lections on Amer. historv. Ho also brought 



BAN- 



59 



ab. chan«tes in the British niivigation hiws fa- 
vorable to Amur, commerce. App. minister to 
Prussia in 186", and bus negotiated a treaty 
with ihc X. Germ. Conl'ed., by Avliich German 
naturalized citizens of the U. S. arc released 
from alle>;lance to the government of their na- 
tive country. In 1823, he pub. a translation 
of Hcercji's " Politics of Ancient Greece." 
Besides many public addresses, he has collected 
a vol. of " Miscellanies," cliicrty iiiion bislorlcal 
and philosophical topics. In'l849, tlic L'liiv. 
of O.\ford made him a doctor of civil law ; 
and in that year he returned to the U. S. A 
small vol. of poems pub. at Boston in 1823 
witnesses to the poetical enthusiasm with 
wliicli he traversed the ruins of Italy and the 
sublime scenery of Switzerland. lie was a 
contrib. to the X. A. Heviea: He has filled 
the office of pre>. of the Amer. Gco^^-rapliical 
Society, and isadisrini; member of the Ethno- 
lo;,'ieal and N. Y. Historical Societies. .Mr. 
Bancroft has also pub. an abridf;ment of his 
history. In Oct. 1835, he delivered an address 
on the site of the battle of Kind's .Mountain, 
S.C. ; another, Sept. 10, ISGO, at the inaugura- 
tion of the statue of Cjm. Perry at Cleve- 
land, O. ; a eulogium on Prescott the historian, 
in 1859, before the X.Y. Hist. Society, and in 
Mar. 186G, delivered a enlo.'y on Pres. Lin- 
coln, before both houses of Congress. 

Bangs, X.vTHAN, I). O., Methodist minis- 
ter, and scholar, b. Stratford, Ct., Mav 2, 
1778; d. N. Y. City, May 1, 1862. He com- 
menced business-life asa schoolmaster and land- 
surveyor, making a tour in Upper Canada, and 
coniinucd these occupations until, in 1801, he 
entered the itinerant ministry of the Methodist 
Church. In the discharge of this function he 
travelled in Canada 7 y&irs, and, returning 
to the U. S. in 1808. had charge of several 
circuits, stations, and districts, until 1820, 
when he was elected agent and editor of the 
Methodist Book Concern. He was in 1828— 
32 editor of the Chrislian AilfOiale and Jour- 
nal, tlie Qaartrrlij Ri-mw, and also of the books 
issued from the establishment in 1832-36. He 
vr.is cor. sec. of the missionary society of the 
M.E. Church in 18.36-41; prcs. of the Wcs- 
leyan Univ. at Middletown, Ct., 1841-3; then 
took charge of different churches in N. Y. and 
Brooklyn, for 10 years. Author of " The Er- 
rors of Ilupkin-jianism,'" Predestination Exam- 
ined," " Ketormer Reformed," "Life of Garret- 
son," " History of the Methodi-it-Episcopal 
Church," "History of Missions," 1832, "An 
Ori^'inal Cbiirch of Christ," "Emancipa- 
tion," " Letters on S.inctification," " State 
Pros|)ects and Responsibilities of the M. E. 
Church," " Life of Arminius," " Scriptural 
Vindication of the M. E. Church," 1820. 

Banister, John, naturalist, b. Eng. ; d. 
Va., 16'J3. He came from the W. Indies to Va , 
and settled near Jamestown. Formerly aclergy- 
man, he devoted himself here to Wjtanical pur- 
suits, in which he was long and successfully 
engaged. He fell a victim to his favorite pursuit, 
being killed by a fall while climbing some 
rocks in one of his botanical excursions. He 
was at the time engaged upon a work on the 
natural history of Va. In 1680, he sent a 
catalogue of plants to the naturalist Ray, who 



pub. them in the 2d vol. of his work. Among 
Ills pubs, were " Ob.servations on the Natural 
Productions of Jamaica," " The Insects of 
Virginia," 1700, " Curiosities in Virginia," 
" Objcrvations on the Unseen Lupus," "On 
Several Sorts of Snails," " A Description of 
the Pistolochia or Serpentaria Virginiana, the 
Sniikcroot." 

Banister, Cot,. John, b. Va. ; d. near 
ILuclars liun, Dinwiddle Co., Va., 1787. 
Ed ucated in Eng., and studied law at the Temple. 
Menil)er of all the patriotic conventions of the 
Revol. period ; col. in the V'a. line ; member 
of the Assembly, and of the Continental Con- 
gress in 1778-9, and one of the franiers of the 
Articles of Confederation. In 1781, he was 
licut.-iol. of cav. umler Gen. Lawson, and, dur- 
ing the invasion of Va., was active in repelling 
the enemy, and lost much property. For spe- 
cimens of his literary abilities, see the Bland 
Papers, and also Sparks's Uevol. Corresp. — 
Grt'iahij, itud Cantfifx-H's Va. 

Bankhead, James, brev. brig. -gen. U.S.A., 
b. Va.. 17S3; d. Baltimore, Md.,Xov. 11, 1836. 
Son of James Bankhead of Port Royal, planter 
and Revol. otf., who d. Aug. 1840. App. c.apt. 
5th Inf. 18 June, 1808; brigade maj. to Gen. 
Smvth, 1812; assist, adj.-gen. 5 Mar. 1813; 
maf. 4th Inf. 15 Aug. 1813; adj -gen. Sept. 9, 
1813; lieut.-col. 3d Art. Apr. 26, 1832; brev. 
col. " for meritorious conduct in campaigns in 
Florida," July 7, 1838; col. 2d Art. Sept. 16, 
1838; brev. brig.-gcn. "for gallant and meri- 
torious conduct at the siege of Vera Cruz," 
Mar. 29, 1847; com. dept. of Orizaba, Mex., 
Jan. 1848, and at the time of his death com. 
the military depart, of the east. His son 
John P. Bankhead, capt. U. S. N., b. S.C ; 
d. Aden, at the mouth of the Red Sea, Apr. 
27, 1867. He com. the famous "Monitor," 
which foundered in a gale otf Cape Hatteras 
on the night of Dec. 30, 1862; com. "The 
Pembina " at the capture of Port Royal, and 
" The Florida " at the capture of Fernandina. 
He entered the navy 10 Aug. 1838. 

Banks, John, lawyer, b Juniata Co., Pa., 
1793 ; d. Reading, Pa., Apr. 3, 1864. Received 
a classical education. Adin. to the barin 1819, 
and praitiscd in the western part of theState; 
M. C. 1831-6; pres. judge 3d judicial dist. 
1836-47 ; State treasurer In 1847. 

Banks, Nathaniel Prenti8s, statesman, 
b. Waltham, Ms., 30 Jan. 1816. His parents 
were operatives in a factory. With only a 
common school education, he applied himself 
earnestly to study ; edited a newsjjaper in Wal- 
tham, and afterward in Lowell; studied law; 
became a popular Dcmoc. speaker, and, during 
Polk's administration, held an office in the 
Boston custom house. Member of Ms. legisl. 
1849; s|K;aker in 1851-2," and a prominent 
advocate of the coalition between the Demo- 
crat-s and Freesoilers, by which the Whig as- 
ccndencv in Ms. wai terminated ; pres. of tho 
State Const. Conv. of 1833; M. C. 1853-7, 
separating from his party on the question of 
slavery, and, after a protracted contest, chosen 
speaker of the house in 1855 ; gov. of Ms. in 
1858-61 ; pres. of the Illinois Central Rail- 
road when the Rebellion began, and, offering 
bis services to Pres. Lincolu, was made maj.- 



60 



BAJR 



gen. IG Miiy, 18G1, and npp. to com. the An- 
niipoli!! niilitan' district, anil subse<|iiently that 
of the Shenandoah. 24 May, 1862, he was 
attacked liy Stonewall Jackson, and compelled 
to make a rapid retreat. He com. a corps 
under Gen. Pope in the battle of Cedar Moun- 
tain, Va., 9 Au;;., 1862, and in Dec. succeeded 
Gen. Butler in com. of the dept. of La. lie 
took Opelousas in Apr. ISG.i, after defeating 
the enemy, and captnrin;; 2,000 prisoners, and 
Alexandria in .May, 1 80.'i. His ca|)ture of Port 
HniNun, S.July, 186.3, opened the navigation 
of the Mississippi, and had important results. 
In .Mar. 1864, he made a frLiitless cxped. to the 
Red Kiver, being defeated hy Dick Taylor at 
Sabine Cross Koads, 8 Apr., and, in turn, re- 
pulsing him 9 Apr. at Pleasant Hill. He was 
relieved from com. in May, 1864. M. C- since 
1865, and chairman of the com. of foreign 
relations. He is less eminent in debate than 
as a presiding officer. 

Banneker, Be:xjamis, a negro astron- 
omer, li. Mil., Nov. 9, 1731 ; d. Baltimore, Oct. 
1806. Of African <lcscent, he learned to read 
and write of his mutcrnal grandmother, a white 
woman, who liberaled and niarrii^d one of her 
slaves. While employed in daily agricultural 
labor, he taught himself mathematics and as- 
tronomy, and made the necessary calculations 
for, and' from 1792, for many years, pub., al- 
manacs for Md. and the adjoining States. In 
1792, he pub. a letter addressed to JelTerson, 
the .sec. of State. He assisted Ellicott in lay- 
ing out thecity of Washington, and in running 
the boundary -lines of the District of Columbia, 
and was complimented for his scientific ac- 
quirements by Condorcet, sec. of the French 
Acad, of Sciences, to whom Thomas Jefferson 
had sent one of Bannekor's Almanacs. — See 
Mvmun- 1,11 J. II. a. Lulrohe, 1845, amlbij J. iS. 
Norrh. 1854. mh. by the Md. Hist. .Soc. 

Baraga, Fi!ei>i:hic, D.D., R.C. bishop of 
Marijuette and Sault Ste. Marie, b. Dobernich, 
Austria, 1797; d. Marquette, Jan. 19, 18G8. 
He settled at Sault Ste. M. before 18.38. Con- 
secrated bishop Nov. 1, 1853. Made bishop 
of Sault Ste. M., Jan. 9, 1857, and of Mar- 
quette and S. S. M., Oct. 15, 1865. Author 
of " Grammar of the 0:chipwe Language," 
Detroit, 12mo, 1851; "Dictionary of the 
Otchipwe Language," Cincin., 18.5.3. 

BaranOV (bii-ra'nof), Ale.xandke Andue 
ViTii, gov. of Uussian America, d. Apr. 
1819, a. 7.3. At first a Siberian merchant, he 
embarked, in Aug. 1790, for the Island of 
Kodiak, and, immediately upon his arrival, 
opened a trade with the natives. In 179G, he 
established a mercantile colony at Behring's 
Strait, and, in 1799, he took possession of the 
large Island of Sitka. He had many natural 
obstacles to overcome ; but his efforts were as- 
sisted by the Uussian company ; and he ob- 
tained from tlic Emperor Alexander a title of 
nobility. After having lost, and again recover- 
ing in Oct. 1804, the fortress of the Isle of 
Sitka, he established there an important factory, 
and transacted business with Canton, Manilla, 
Boston, N.Y., and Cal. ; and he even founded 
a small colony in the vicinity of San Francisco. 
He withdrew' from the field of his labors in 
1818, but did not revisit his country; for, 



touching at Batavia, the climate proved fatal 
to him. — your. IJio^. (ti_-n. 

Barbe, Makhuih, see Marbois. 

Barber, Col. Fhancis, Hevol. officer, h 
Princeton, N.J. , 1751 ; d. Feb. II, 178.3. N.J. 
Coll. 1767. He became in 1769 rector of the 
acad., and pastor of the Prcsb. Church, at 
Klizabethtown, N.,J., and had among his pupils 
Alexander Hamilton. Resigning these posts, 
he was, in Feb. 1776, commissioned by Con- 
gress major of the .3d N.J. batt. ; lieut.-col. in 
Nov., and subsequently assist, insp.-gen. under 
Baron Steulwn. He served at Trenton. Prince- 
ton, Brandywine, Gcrmantown, and Mon- 
mouth, where he was seveRdy woundccr; in 
1779, he was adj.-gen. in Sullivan's Indian 
exped., and was wounded in the battle of 
Newtown. He was engaged in the battle of 
Springfield, and in 1781 was intrusted with 
the delicate and important duly of suppress- 
ing the revolt of the Pa. and N.J. troops, in 
which he was succcssfni. He was with the 
army at Ncwburgh in 1783; and, on the same 
day that Washington announced to the army 
the conclusion of the treaty of jjcace. Col. 
Barber was killed by the falling of a tree 
while riding along the .skirt of a wood. Two 
younger l)ros.,.Iohn and William, were officers 
in the N..I. line. 

Barber, Joiim Warner, historian, b. 
Windsor, Ct., 1798. Has pub. " History and 
Antiquities of New Haven," 12mo, 1831; 
"Religious Events," 12ino, 1832; "Historical 
Colls." of Connecticut, 8vo, 1836, Massachu- 
setts, 8vo, 1839, and New Jerscv, 1844, Vir- 
ginia, 1814, Ohio, 1847, and N'ew York, in 
connection with H. Howe. He has also pub. 
"Incidents in Amcr. Hist." 12mo, 1847; 
" Elements of (Icn. Hist." 16mo, 1844; " Re- 
ligious Emblems and Allegories," I2mo, 1848 ; 
"European Hist. Colls." 8vo, 1855; " History 
and Antiquities of N.E., N.Y., and N.J.," 
8vo, 1841; "Our whole Country, Historical 
and Descriptive," 8vo, Cincin., 1861 ; "Hist. 
Scenes in the U. S." 1827, and, in connection 
with Eliz. G. Barber, " Historical, Poetical, 
and Pictorial American Scenes," 12nio, 1850. 

Barber, JosATiiAS, M.D., elocutionist, b. 
Eng., 1 784 ; d. near Montreal, May II, 18G4. Ho 
practised medicine at Scarlinrou(;h, and after- 
ward at London siicccs^riilly ; came to the U.S. 
ah. 1820 ; devoted himself ti) teaching elocution 
at Yale and Harvard Colleges; then lectured 
on plirenology extensively ; went to Canada in 
1842; resumed medical practice there as a 
homceopathist in 1845, and was afterward prof, 
of oratory in the McGill U., Montreal. He 
pub. several works on elocution. 

Barbour, Jami:s. statesman, b. Orange 
Co., Va , June 10, 1775 ; d. there June 8, 1842. 
Son of Col. Thomas. He obtained a limited 
education while .serving as a de|). shcrilT; be- 
gan to practise law at 19, and first disting. 
himself as a member, and then as speaker, of 
the Va. House of Delegates. Participating in 
every important debate, he ably vindicated the 
resolutions of Jlr. Madison in 1798, and was 
the pnijioser of the anti iluclling law, — one 
of the most stringent and effective Icgisl. acts 
ever passed. Gov. of Va. 1812-14; U. S. 
senator, 1815-25; see. of war, 1825-8; and 



BAJR 



61 



minister to En;;, in 1828-9; pros, of the Har- 
risliiirg convention in 1339. In the senate, he 
took an important part in tlie discussion of 
the Mo. question, was chairman of tlio com- 
mittee on foreign affairs, and ultimately pre& 
pro Inn. 

Barbour, John S., politician, h. Culpep- 
per Co., Va., Au^'. 8, 1790; d. tliere'Jau. 12, 
18.')."). Son of Mordecai, a Revol. officer. He 
was at William and Mary Cull, in 1808-9; 
then studied law with his relative Gov. B. ; and, 
in the War of 1812, was aide to Gen. Matlison. 
He was a member of tlie State legisl.; M.C. 
1823-.%3; again in the V'a. legisl. in 18.33-4, 
and was prominent and Influential in the public 
nffairs of Va. and of the U.S. lie was of the 
State Kights school, and was an able debater. 
One of his best speeches in Congress was de- 
livered in defence of McUuffie's proposition to 
breakup the system of voting for President by 
States, and establish a uniform .system of vot- 
ing bv districts. Jlember of the Const. Conv. 
of lsj;)-;!0. 

Barbour, Philip Pkxdletos, jurist 
and politician. Son of Col. Thomas, a Revol. 
patriot, b. Orange Co., Va., iMav 25, 1783; d. 
Washington, U.C., Feb. 24, 1841. He was a 
lawyer of talent, represented his county in the 
Va. legisl. in 1812-14, and was an acknowl- 
edged leader of the " war party." M.C, 
1814-2.") and 1827-33; an opponent of public 
improvements being made by Congress, and of 
a tariff, and sustained the Southern side of the 
Mo. question. Speaker of the house in 1821 ; 
judge of one of the Va. courts in 1825-7 ; pres. 
of the Va. Const. Conv. in 1829 ; pres. of the 
Free Trade Conv. in Phila in 1831 ; judge of 
the U.S. Circuit Court for the eastern district 
of Va. in 1829-36 ; and asso. judge of the 
U.S. Supreme Court in 1836-41. 

Bai'cena (bar-tha'-na;, Alfonso, a Span- 
ish missionary to S. America, b. Cordova ; d. 
1598. He wrote for the use of the natives, 
and in their language, some religious and edu- 
cational works. 

Barcia de (bar-thee'-a), Andrea Gon- 
ZALLZ, who lived about 1700, was author of 
"A (Jeneral History of Florida," and "First 
Historians of the West Indies." 

Barclay, Henhy, u.d. (Oxf. U. i76i), 

Pr.-Kp. rector of Trinity Church, N.Y. City, 
from Oct. 1746 to his death. 20 Aug. 1764; b. 
Albany. Y. C. 1734. He took orders in 
Eng. 30 Jan. 1738, and was some years a mis- 
sionary to the Mohawk Indians. The transla- 
tion of the church Liturgy into the Mohawk, 
under his direction and that of Revs. N. An- 
drews and .J. Ogilvie, was pub. in 1769. 

Barclay, .1. T., M.D., b. Hanover C. H., 
Va., 1 807. Three and a half years a missionary 
to Jernsalera, and since 1853 a permanent 
resident there. Has pnh. " The City of the 
Great King ; or, Jcrnsalem as it was, as it is, 
and is to be," Phila., 8vo. 1857 ; " Map of 
Jerusalem and Environs," N.Y.. 1856 

Barclay, R. H. capt. R. N., com. of the 
British fleet in t!ie battle on Lake Erie, b 
Scotland ; d. Edinburgh, May 8, Ia37. He had 
served with Nelson, lost an arm at Trafalgar, 
and assumed the com. on the lake in May, 
1813. Ue fitted out the naval armament 



which he afterward com., and displayed great 
energy an<l activity. His fleet, however, owing 
to the scarcity of sailors, was jjoorly manned, 
and in the obstinate battle of the 10th of Sej)t. 
this deficiency, together with the superior 
weight of metal in the Amer. fleet, compelled 
the surrender of Barclay and his entire force. 
He w.is dangerously wounded, and his remain- 
ing arm reiulered useless. A trial by court- 
marshal resulted in his honorable acquittal. — 
M onion. 

Bard, Jons, physician, b. Burlington. N.J., 
Feb. 1, 1716; d. Hyrle Park, N.Y., Mar. 30, 
1799 He w.is of a family which the edict of 
Nantes hail driven from France. Peter, his 
father, came to Md., a merchant, in 1703, but 
soon moved to N. J., where he was many 
years a privy-councillor and secoml judge of 
the Supreme Court. He received the rudiments 
of a classical education at Phila. ; was seven 
years a surgeon's apprentice there, and began 
a lasting friendship with Dr. Franklin. He 
established himself in New York in 1746, and 
soon ranked among the most skilful in his 
profession. In 1750, he assisted Dr. Middle- 
ton in the first recorded dissection m America. 
In 1759, he was app. to take measures to pre- 
vent the spread of ship-fever, and selected 
Bedloe's Island for a hospital, of which he 
took charge. In 1778, he withdrew from the 
city ; but, after the Revol., he resumed practice 
there, and in 1788 became first pres. of the 
N.Y. Medical Society. In 1795, when the 
yellow-fever raged in New York, Dr. Bard, 
though near 80, remained at his post, but 
gave up practice in May, 1798. He left an 
essay on malignant pleurisy, and several pa- 
pers on the yellow-fever, pub. in the Amer- 
ican Medical Register. 

Bard, S.vmuel,M.D. (U.ofEdinb. 1765), 
LL.D, (N.J. Coll. 1815), physician, son of 
Dr. John, b. Phila., 1 Apr. 1742; d. 24 May, 
1821. Un his passage to Edinburgh, where he 
studied medicine, he was captured by the 
French (Sept. 1761 ), and owed his release, five 
months later, to Dr. Franklin, then living in 
London. After a tour through Scotland and 
Eng, he returned home in 1767, having gained 
the annual medal given by Prof. Hope for the 
best collection of plants. He began practice 
in New York with his father; organized a med- 
■ieal school, which was united to King's Coll., 
in which he took the chair of physic in 1769, 
subsequently becoming dean of the faculty. 
He m. his cousin Mary Bard in 1770, pur- 
chased his father's establishment and business 
in 1772, and in 1795 took Dr. Hosack into 
partnership. In 1774, he gave a conr.se of 
clinii'al lectures ; caused the establishment of 
a public hospital in 1791, of which ha was 
app. visitiTig physician ; and in 1813 was app. 
pres. of the Coll. of Phys. and Surgeons. 
While the seat of govt, was in N.Y. City, he 
was Washington's family physician. In 1798, 
he retired to his country-seat in N.J., but, on 
the approach of the yellow-fever, returned to 
his jjost. He took the disease, lint, nursed by 
his faithful wife, soon recovered. He was a 
skilful horticulturist, as well as an eminent 
physician. Besides addresses and discourses, 
he pub. " The Shepherd's Guide ; " di Viri 



li-A.R 



62 



B.AJR 



but Oj»l, 1765 ; on Anijiiia Siiffocatji'a, in vol. 
I. Anier. Phil. Trans., anil " Comiienilium of 
Mianif.n-," 1 807.— See Life, bii John Mc I 'icar, 
lHi;2. 

Barker, Jacob, financier, b. Swan Island, 
Kennolicv Co., Me., 7 Dec. 1779. He was of 
tt Quaker fainilv, connected, on his motlicr"s 
side, with the mother of Dr. Franklin. At 16 
lie went to New Vork, soon began to trade on 
his own account, and at 21 was the owner of 
four ships and a brij;, and en;^ayed in larj^c 
transaciiuns. lie became n State senator, and. 
when sitting iu the Court of Errors, delivered 
iin opinion in an insurance case in opposiiion 
to that of Judge Kent, and was sustained by 
the court. His ships were all captured during 
the War of 1812. He established the Union 
newspaper to advocate the election of Gov. 
Clinton ; started the E.xchange Bank in 1815; 
liccame largely concerned in stocks, and, on 
the failure of the " Life and Fire Insurance 
Co.," was in<licted with others for conspiracy 
to defraud. Ho defended himself ably, and 
the trial was quashed ; but public confidence 
was shaken, and he removed to New Orleans 
in 18.14. He was adm. to the bar, and became 
a jmlitical and business leader there ; but the 
Kebcllion brought ruin again upon him, and in 
Dec. 1867, at the a^'c of 88, lie was again in 
banknijitcv. — 5te inndenis of liis Life, 1800- 
.■>■■>, X.Y.. ISri;',. D. Phila. a-c. 27, 1871. 

Barker, James Nelso.v, soldier, author, 
politician, li. Phila., June 17,1784; d. Wash- 
ington, D.C, Mar. 9, IS.->8. Son of Gen. 
John, lie was a brave ofBccr in the War of 
1812, in which he gained the rank of major; 
was alderman in 1817, and mayor of Phila. 
in 1820 ; collector of that port"in 1829-38; 
complioller of the U.S. trcas. 1838 to 1858. 
In 1814, he was severely wounded in a duel, 
and was assist, adj.-gen. 4th milit. district, 
from 1814 to 1817. He wrote two dramas, 
"Jlarmiou," and the " Indian Princess ; " 
" Superstition," a tragedy ; the comedy of 
"Smiles and Tears," and a poem called "The 
Sisters." He was a contrib. to the public 
journals of Phila. and Washington. His 
poem "Little Red KidingHood" is in " Gris- 
wold's Poets and Poetry of America." "Sketch 
of the Primitive Settlements on the River Del- 
aware." 8vo, I'hil., 1827. 

Barker, John, D.D., prcs. of Alleghany 
Coll., .Mra.lville, Pa.; d. there Feb. 26, 1860. 

Barksdale, Willi a.m, biig.-gen. C S.A., 
Ii HiitliorI'drd Co., Tenn., Aug. 21, 1821 ; 
killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. He 
studied at the Nashville U.; removed to Co- 
lumbus, Mpi.; was adm. to the bar, where he 
practised successfnlly, and, while editing the 
Democrat sustained' the (irinciple of State 
Rights. During the Mexican war, he served 
in the 2d Mpi. Vols. In 1851, he was a mem- 
ber of the State conveniion to discuss the 
compromises of 18.'J0. From 1853 he was a 
leading State Rights member of Congress of 
the Domoc. party, until the war broke out; 
when ho left his sent, and joined the Confed. 
army. He assisted Brooks in his assault upon 
Senator Sumner. At the head of the 13th 
M^>i. Regt., he took part in the variuii.s cam- 
paigns of Va., attained the rank of brig.-gcu., 



and com. the .3d brigade of Early'.« division, 
E well's corps. 

Barlow, Francis Ciiansino, roaj.-gen 
vols., U. Brooklyn, X.Y., Oct. 19, 1834. H. 
U. 1855. First in his class. He studied law, 
began practice in N.Y. City, was (or a time 
connected with the Trihune, and, in Apr. 1861, 
became a private in the 12th N.Y. Regt., in 
lyhich he served three months, rising to 1st 
lieut. He then became licut.-col. 61st N.Y. 
Vols., and, during the siege of Yorktown, cid., i 
distirguishing himself at Fair Oaks. In the 
retreat from the Chickahominy to James 
River, his regt. rendered important services. 
At Autietam, Sept. 17, 1862, he captured two 
stands of colors and 300 prisoners, received 
two severe wounds, and was carried off the 
field for dead. Sept. 19, he was app. brig.- 
gen. for disting. conduct at the battle of Fair 
Oaks, June 1, 1862. He com. a brigade of 
Howard's div. at the battle of Chancellors- 
ville. May 2, 1863. At Gettysburg, he was 
again severely wounded. In Grant's cam- 
paign of 1864, he captured the whole division 
of Gon. Johnston ; com. a division at the bat- 
tles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, and the 
assault on Petersburg. In the final struggle 
and pursuit of Lee's routed army, he rendered 
essential service. Secretary of State of N.Y. 
1866-8 ; U.S marshal for the Southern dis- 
trict of N.Y., 186S. 

Barlow, Joel, poet, b. Reading, Ct., 24 
Mar. 1755; d. Zarnowickc, near Cracow, Po- 
land, 22 Dec. 1812. Y. C. 1778. He served 
as a volunteer in the Revol. army, studied the- 
ology, was licensed as a Cong." minister, and 
in 1778-83 was a chaplain in the arniv, vary- 
ing his clerical duties with the composition of 
patriotic songs and addresses to keen up the 
spirit of the soldiers. About 1781, lie m. a 
sister of Hon. Abraham Baldwin, and delivered 
at New Haven a poem, entitled " The Prospect 
of Peace." Settling at Hartford, he tried book- 
selling, established the American Mtrcurif, a 
weekly paper, and in 1785 was adm. to the bar. 
In 1786, he pub. a revision of Dr. Watts's ver- 
sion of the Psalms, containing .some pieces of 
his own. He was also one of the authors of 
the " Anarchiad," and in 1787 pub. his " Vi- 
sion of Columbus." Visiting Europe in 1788, as 
agent of the Ohio Land Co., he ]iiib.,in aid of 
the French revol., '• Advice to the Privileged 
Orders," " Letter to the National Conven- 
tion," 1791, and the "Conspiracy of Kings," 
a poem. Towards the end of 1792. as a dep. 
of the London Constitutional Society, he pre- 
sented an address to the French Convention, 
by whom ho was invested with the rights of a 
French citizen, and given emjiloynient in Sa- 
voy, where he wrote his mock-heroic poem, 
" Hasty Pudding." U. S. consul at Algiers in 
1795-7, and negotiated treaties with Algiers 
and Tripoli. In 1799, he pnli. his "Letter to 
the People of the U. S., and endoavoied to 
bring about an adjustment of our ililliculties 
with France, and, in a memoir to the French 
Govt., denounced privateering as mere sea-rob- 
bery. Having enriched himself by commer- 
cial speculations in France, he rotnrne.l to the 
U. S. in 1805, and built him.»o!f an elegant res- 
idence on the Potomac, near Washington. la 



Bj^JI 



G3 



BAR 



1807, he put). "The Columbiad," an epic po- 
em, — ihe most magniticent work which had 
yet heeii issiieil in America, ami superbly illus- 
trated; lint it proved a lailuic. App. ambassa- 
dor to France in 1811, in Oct. 1812, he was 
invited by the French minister to a conlerence 
with Xapoleon at WHna, but died before his 
arrival there. A eulogy was delivered in Paris 
by Duponl de Nemours, before the Society for 
the Encouragement of Xalional Industry; and 
an account ot his life and writings, in quarto, 
was pub., with extracts from " The Colum- 
biad. He was one of the foremost American 
authors of his time, and for his patriotism, 
public services, and purity of life, deserves a 
high place in our history. An edition of his 
political writings was pnli. 1796. 

Barnard, D.iniki. Dewev, LL.l)., law- 
yer and politician, b. Sheffield, Ms., 1797; d. 
Albany, Apr. 24, 1861. Wms. Coll. 1818. His 
father,'a iiaiive of Hartford, was a commissaiy 
in the Uevol. Daniel passeil his youth on his 
father's farm, Ontario Co., N.Y, but, inclining 
to literary pursuits, was, at 14, dcp. in the coun- 
ty clerk's otBce. After leaving coll., he studied 
law at Uochestcr, N.Y. ; was adm. to the liar 
in 1821 ; was county attorney in 1826; M. C. 
1828-30 and 18'!9-4.'j. Trave'lled in Europe in 
1 830-1, conesji. with one of the Rochester 
journals, rcmflvcd to Albany in 1832, and be- 
came a ]iromineiit member of the Whig party, 
serving in the N. X. Assembly. U. S. minis- 
ter to Prussia, 1 849-53. Many of his addresses, 
discourses, and speeches, have been pub. In 
1839, he read before the Albany Institute "An 
Historical Sketch of the Colony of Kciisselaer- 
wiek," which was pub. He was a constant 
contrib. to the Wki./ Itccieio. The colleges of 
Geneva aii.l New York conferred on him the 
degree of I.I-.l) 

Barnard, Fked. Al-o. Porter, D.D., 
LL I). (.Iitf Coll. Mpi.), .scholar and educator, 
h. Siiiflicld, Ms., 1809. Y. C. 1828. Tutor at 
Yale ill 1829; teacher in the Hartford Asylum 
for the Deaf and Dumb in 1831-3, and in a 
similar institution in N.Y. in 1833-8; prof, of 
math, and nat. philos. in Ala. U. 1838-48; of 
chcmistiy, 184S-.54; of math, and astron. from 
1854 ; and prcs. of the Mpi. U. 1856-61 ; and, 
in IS64, became pres. of Col. Coll. N.Y. In 
1856, he took orders in the Pr.-Ivp.Church. Au- 
thor of a treatise on arithmetic, 18)0; a gram- 
mar, 1834; "Report on Collegiate Education," 
1854; and "I^ecturcson College Government," 
1855. A contrib. to the Amer. Jour, of Edu- 
cation from its origin. 

Barnard, Hksrv, LL.D. (H.U. 1852), ed- 
ucator, b. Hartford, Ct., J.m. 24, 1811. Y. C. 
1830. He was adm. to the bur in 1835 ; trav- 
clU'il extensively in Europe until 1837, when 
he was a representative in the State legisl., and 
was twice re-elected. In that body, he effected 
a re-organization of the State common-school 
system. He was for four years sec. of the Board 
of .Schoiil (ominissioners. His liist annual 
report in 18';9 was pronounced by Chancellor 
Kent " a bold and startling document, founded 
on the most pain-takiiig and critical inquiry." 
During this period, he issued 4 vols, of the 
Conmcliciit C'oiiinion f^chool Junnial, and sub-e- 
quenily continu':d it from ItiSO to 1855. From 



1843 to 1849, he had charge of Ihe public 
schools of R. I., where he established a model 
system of popular education. He next inter- 
ested himself in school architecture, and, from 
1850 to 1854, was State superintendent. In the 
summer of 1855, he began the Americiin Jour- 
nal of Education. He became pres. of the Amer. 
Asso. for the Advancement of Education, in 
1855, and was ofiered the presidency of two 
State universities. App. commissioner of the 
new department of education at Washington, 
Mar. 1867. His principal works are " School 
Architecture," 1854 ; "Normal Schools in the 
U. S. and Europe," 1851 ; " Tribute to Gal- 
laudet," 1852; "National Education in Eu- 
rope," 1854; "Journal of R. I. Institute of 
Instruction," 3 vols. 184.5-8; "Educational 
Biography;" " History of Education in Ct., 
1638-1854;" "Report on Public Sclnols in 
R. I.," 1845 and 1848; "Hints and Methods 
for the Use of Teachers, " 1857 ; " Life of 
Ezckiel Cliecver, and Notes on the Free Schools 
of N. E.," 1856; "Education in Factories." 
1842; "School Libraries," 1854; "Educa- 
tional Tracts," 1842-6. 

Barnard, Is.^ac D., soldier and senator, 
b. Aston, Pa., 1791 ; d. Westchester, Pa., Feb. 
28, 1834. Receiving an ordinary education, he 
began to stndy law in Chester in 1811 ; was 
app. capt. 14th Inf. Mar. 12, 1812; maj. June 
26, 1813; was disting. at Lyons Creek, under 
Gen. Bissell, and at the capture of Fort George, 
in May, 1813; and left the army in 1815. Re- 
suming his legal studies, he was adm. to the 
bar in 1816, in Westchester; was soon made 
dcp. atty.-gen. ; chosen State senator in 1820; 
sec. of State in 1826 ; and was U. S. senator in 
1827-31. 

Barnard, John, minister of Marblehead, 
b. Boston, Nov. 6, 1681 ; d. Jan. 24, 1770. 
H. U. 1700. He was for some time assist, to 
Dr. Colman ; but his fondness for active life in- 
duced him to accompany as chaplain tbeexped. 
to Port Royal in 1707, of which he left a MS. 
account. In London, where he became ac- 
quainted with some of the famous dissenting 
ministers, he was ofTered a chaplaincy by I.ioid 
Wharton, but refused to conform to the articles 
of the National Church. Ord. minister of 
Mai blehead, July 16, 1716, as colleague of Mr. 
Checver. He received Mr. Whitwcll as his 
assist, in 1 762, and preached his last sermon, 
Jan. 8, 1769. Eminent for his learning and 
piety, Mr. Barnard was famous among the 
divines of America. He taught his people to 
improve the advantages of their situation, and 
took great pains to learn the " mystery of tlic 
fish-trade," which was introd uced there by his ef- 
forts; ami he also successfully encouraged them 
to undertake commercial voyages, and transport 
their fish to the West Indies and Europe. He 
generally supported at school two boys, whose 
parents were unable to meet the exjiunse, and 
gave by bis will .£200 to Harvard Coll. The 
piibs.o't Mr. Barnard were mostly sermons. His 
was the first Dudlcian lecture ever pub., and, at 
the age of 70, he pub. a version of the Psalms. 
There is in the Mass. Hist. Colls, a letter from 
him to Pres. Stiles, giving a sketch of the emi- 
nent ministers of N. E. One of the first N.E. 
clergymen who deviated from Calvinism. 



BAR 



G4 



BA.R 



Barnard, .Ionatiias r,., LL.n. (Y. C. 

I8t)4.) liiL-v. iiiiij.-gen. U.S.A., h. Kssex Co., 
Ms., 19 May, 18l"5. West I'oint, I8.!3. En- 
tering the engineer corps, he became cnpt. 7 
Jnly, 1838; ninj. 1.3 IJee. 1858; lieut.-col. 3 
Mar. 1863 ; col. -28 Dec. 1865 ; brij:.-(;en. vols. 
23 Sept. 1861. He was long employed upon 
Forts Jncksun and St. Philip, La. ; npon the 
defences of Tampico, Mex., 1846-7; chief- 
engineer to survey the projected Tehiiantepec 
Kailroad, Mex., 1850-1 ; employed on the 
Delaware Breakwater, 1852-3, in the fortifica- 
tion of San Francisco harbor, 1854 ; supcrint. 
and instructor, U.S. Milit. Acad., 1S55-6; em- 
l)loyed on Forts Gaines and Morgan, Mobile. 
18.")7-8, and on the defences of N.Y. harbor, 
l8.'iS-Cl. Chief engineer in Manassas cam- 
paign of July, 1861 ; of Army of the Potomac, 
1861-2, and brcv. col. for services in the Pe- 
ninsular campaign ; chief engr. defences of 
Washington, Sept. 1862 to May, 1864; cliief- 
cngr. "of the armies in the field" on staff 
of Gen. Grant, 1864-5; and brev. brig.-gen. 
and maj.-gcn. U.S.A., 13 Mar. 1865, for gal- 
lant and meritorious services in the campaign 
ending with Lee's surrender, and during the 
Rebellion. Author of " Survey of the Isthmus 
of Tchuantepee," 1852; "Phenomena of the 
Gyroscope," 1858; "Dangers and Defences 
of New Vork," 1859; "Notes on Seacoast 
Defence," 1862; " The C.S.A. and the Battle 
of Bull Run," 1862; "The Peninsular Cam- 
paign," 1864 (jointly with Gen. W. F.Barry) ; 
" Rejjorts of the Engineer and Artillery Ope- 
rations of the Army of the Potomac," 1863; 
" Eulogy on Gen. Totten," 1866 ; and various 
scientific an<l military memoirs and reports. 
Corporator of Nat. Acad, of Sciences, 3 Mar. 
186:i. — CnUum. 

Barnes, Rev. Albert, Presb. clergvman, 
b. Rome, N.Y., Dec. 1, 1798; d. Phila.. 24 
Dec. 1S70. Ham. Coll. 1820. Employed in 
bi> father's tannery until 17 yearsof age. Ue 
studied theology at Princeton, and was pastor 
ol the Presb. Church of Morristown, N.J., 
from Feb, 1825 to IS'JO, after which he had 
charge of the First Presb. Church of Phila. 
Ho held a prominent position in the new school 
of his denomination, and took an early and 
decided stand both in his .sermons and writings 
against slavery. His Bible commentaries are 
well known, and arc in general use. The 
" Notes on the New Testiunent "(11 vols.) had 
reached in 1870 a circulation of a million vols. 
He also pub. able works on the Episcopacy, on 
the " Scriptural Views of Slavery," numerous 
contribs. to periodicals, occasional essays and 
discourses, and an elaborate " Introductory 
Essay to Bishop Butler's Analogy." lie was 
an impressive pulpit orator, and ranked high 
as a divine. Also author of commentaries on 
Job, Isaiah, the Psalms, and Daniel. "Manual 
of Prayers," 1854; " Sermons on Revivals," 
" The Way of Salvation," 18.)5; "Practical 
Sermons." 1855; " The (Church and Slavery," 
1857; "Prayers for Family Worship," 18:'i8 ; 
" Miscellaneous Essays and Reviews," 2 vols. 
1855; "The Atonement," 1859; "Claims of 
Episcopacy," 1856; "Church Manual," 8vo, 
1841 ; " Defence " on his trial lor heresy by 
the Phila. Synod," and " Life of St. Paul." 



Barnes, Daxiei, II.,conchologist,b. 1785; 
d. (.)ct. 27, 1818, by being thrown from a car- 
riage. In conjiiiiciion with Dr. Grisconi, ho 
originated and conducted with reputation the 
High school of New York. He was also a 
Baptist preacher. Besides his great attain- 
ments as n classical scholar and philologist, he 
was probably the most eminent conchologist in 
the U. S.; and his learned comniunications on 
that science were pub. in Silllmau's .Jonrmd 
with explanatory plates. His writings in that 
journal are " Geological Section of the Canaan 
Mountain," " Memoir on the Geneva Unio and 
Alasmodonta, with numerous figures," "Five 
Species of Chiton, with Figures," " Memoir on 
Batrachian Animals and Doubtful Reptiles," 
"On Magnetic Polarity and Reclamation of 
Unios." 

Barnes, James, brev. maj.-gcn. vols., b. 
Boston; d. Springfield, Ms., Feb. 12, 1869. 
West Point, 1829 After seven years' army- 
service, he resigned, and became a railroad en- 
gineer and superintendent on the Western 
R. R. of Ms., 1836-48, and chief engineer of 
the Seaboard ami Uoanokc R.R., 1848-52. 
He aided in consiruciing several other railroads 
between 1848 and 1857. Col. 18ih Ms. regt. 
from July 26, 1861, to Nov. 29, 1862, when 
he was made brig.-gen. ; brev. yntj.-gcn. Mar. 
13, 1865; mustered out, Jan. 15, 1866. He 
participated in most of the battles of the Army 
of the Potomac, was at Fredericksburg, Chan- 
ccllorsville, the skirmishes of Aldie and Upper- 
ville, and at the battle of Gettysburg com. a 
division, and was severely wounded. 

Barney, Joshua, commodore U. S. Navy, 
1). Baltimore, 6 July, 1759; d. Pittsburg, Pa., 
1 Dec. 1818 His "parents resided on a farm 
near Baltimore, where he. was sent to school 
until 10 years of age. Inclined to a seafaring 
life, he made several foreign voyages, in the 
last of n hicli, when hut 16 years of age, the 
care of the ship devolved, by accident, upon 
him. In Oct. 1775, he became master's mate 
of the sloop of war " Hornet," and joined the 
fleet of Com Hopkins in the capture of New 
Providence. Before he was 1 7, lie was made 
ft lieut. for good conduct in the action between 
the schooner " Wasp " and the British brig 
" Tender," in Del. Bay. Lieut, of " The 
Sachein," Capt. Isai.ih Robinson, and, after a 
severe action with an Knglish brig, brought 
her into port; soon afterwanl he was taken 
prisoner, but was almost innnediatcly ex- 
changed, and in "The Andrea Doria," aided, 
in the spring of 1777, in the defeucc of "The 
Delaware." Again cajnured in the frigate 
" Virginia," he was exchanged in Aug. 1778 ; 
was n third lime a prisoner in the following 
year, and, alter his excbauiie, was for the 
fourth time captured in " The Saratoga," of 
10 guns; was sent to Plymouth, and confined 
in the Mill Prison, whence ho escaped in May, 
1781. After being retaken, and again escap- 
ing, he arrived in Phila. in Mar. 1782; took 
command of " The Hyder Ally " of 10 guns, in 
which he captured, after a gallant fight, the 
ship " General Monk " of superior force, for 
which the legisl. of Pa. voteil him a sword. 
After the war, he engaged in hnsincss ; travel- 
led in the West in 1780-8, and took part in the 



B^K 



65 



BA.R 



adoption of the U. S. Constitution. In 1792, 
v/liiiu returning from Cape Francois with a 
larf;e number of women and chililren, wliom 
he had rcseued from the blacks, his vessel was 
captured by an Kn;;lisli privateer; but he re- 
captui'ed her from her pri/.e-crew. Ajjain cap- 
tured in 1793 by an English brig, he was im- 
prisoned as a pirate, and his ship and cargo 
condemned. In 1794, he accompanied Monroe 
to France, and was the bearer of the Amer. 
flag to the National Convention. JIade a 
capt. in the French navy, he com. a scjuad- 
ron, but resigned in 1799. In the War of 
181^, he engaged successfully in privateering; 
was made a capt. in the U. S. Navy, 25 Apr. 
1814, and com. the flotilla for the defence of 
the Chesapeake. Ordered to the defence of 
Washington in July, he was severely wounded 
and made prisoner, while gallantly resisting the 
British invaders at the battle of Bladensburg, 
24 Aug. I8I4. A sword was voted him by the 
city of Washington, and a vote of thanks by 
the legisl. of Ga. He was sent on a mission to 
Kurope in May, 1815, but returned in Oct., 
suffering from his wound ; the ball never hav- 
ing been extracted. His death took place jiist 
as he was about emigrating wiih his family to 
K_v-, where he had purchased land. He was in 
26 enga'.;ements. In 1780, he m. the dau. of 
Alderman Bedford. His son John, M.C. from 
Baltimore, 1825-7; d. Washington, D.C., 26 
Jan. 1857, a. 72. — See iJtinuIrs of Com. 
Biv;mj, ly Mun/ Barnri/, 8vo, 1832. 

Barnum, 1'ui.veas Taylor, showman, b. 
Bethel, Ct., 5 July, 181U. He was a trader, 
afterward pub. the Herald of Freedom in Dan- 
bury, Ct., and suffered 60 days' imprisonment 
for a libel. Removing to N. V. in 1834, he be- 
gan his career of showman in 1835, with Joiee 
Ileth, a colored woman, the reputed nurse of 
Washington. In Dec. 1841, without owning a 
dollar, he bought Scudder's Amer. Mnsenm, 
and, at the end of one year, had paid for ii in 
full. In 1842, he began to exhibit Gen. Tom 
Thumb, with whom he vi-itcd Europe in 
1844-7. in 1849, he engaged Jenny Lind to 
come to America, paying her SI, 000 per night 
for 150 nights. In 1855, he retired to Bridge- 
port, Ct., and pub. an account of his career. 
He soon lost all he had made, and was obliged 
to compound with his creditors in 1857. 13 
July, 1865, bis museum was burnt. He opened 
another, which was also destroyed by fire, 
and has since been interested in Wood's Mu- 
seum on Broadway. An unsuccessful candi- 
date for Congress in 1857. He has pub. a 
'• History of Humbugs," and has written and 
lectured on agriculture and temperance. 

Barnwell, Houekt Woodward, states- 
man, b. Beaufort, S.C., Aug. 10, 1801. H. U. 
1821. He studied law ; was M.C. in 1829-33 ; 
pres. of S. C. Coll. 1835-43; U.S. senator, 
1850. In Dec. 1860, he was a commissioner 
to visit Washington in behalf of S.C, and was 
a member of the Confed. Congress. I'res. of 
the U. of S.C. 

Barras de (deh-ba-ra'), Louis Cou.vt, a 
French naval officer, b. Provence : d. ab. 1800. 
During the War of Amer. Independence, he 
exhibited qualities much more rare than ex- 
perience or courage. The superior of De 
A 



Grasse, and free to act as chief in the northern 
waters of the U.S., he did not hesitate to plac? 
himself under the orders of that admiral when 
he thought a junction necessary to the good 
of the service. Barras had at first followed 
D'Estaing, and di.sting. himself at the naval 
combat of Grenada. He fought under De 
Grasse in Chesapeake Bay, and at the Antilles, 
also, on the 25th and 26th Jan. 1782, against 
Hood, whose fleet was moored under the guns of 
St. Christopher, which was taken by Bouille. 
Barras was detached to possess himself of 
Nevis and Montserrat, soon after which he re- 
turned to Kurope, and retired from the service. 

Barre de la (deh la biir), Antoine Le- 
FEVRE, a French naval officer; d. May 4, 1G88. 
He was app. gov. of Guiana in 166.3', and re- 
took Cayenne from the Dutch, 1667. I/ieut.- 
gen. in 1667, he defeated the English in the 
Antilles, forcing them to raise the blockade of 
St. Christopher. In 1682, he was app. gov. 
of Canada, succeeding Frontenac. He was, 
however, recalled in 16S5, for having, by his 
irresolution, caused the failure of the exped. to 
treat with the savages. . He was the enemy of 
La Salle, 'and is said to have enriched himself 
by his corrupt practices. 

Barr^, Col. Is»ac, a British orator and 
soldier, b. Dublin, 1726; d. London, July 20, 
1802. His parents, who were French, kept a 
small grocery-store in Dublin. Isaac entered 
the army in 1747 ; became alicut Oct. 1, 1755; 
accompanied the e.\pcd. against Louisburg ; 
was app. by Wolfe, " his early protector ami 
friend," major of brigade. May 12, 1758; and 
May 4, 1759, adj.-gen. of the army before Que- 
bec. In the battle on the Plains of Abraham, 
he was so severely wounded as to lose the sight 
of an eye. In West's picture of the " Death 
of Wolfe," Barie's figure is conspicuous. He 
served under Amherst in 1760, and bore to 
England the news of the surrender of Mon- 
treal ; promoted to lieui.-col. Jan. 19, 1761. 
Placed in parliament through the interest of 
Lord Shelburne in 1761, Bane soon found 
himself in the opposition, and, in consequence, 
was deprived of the ofiices given lor his services 
in America. His speech upon the Stamp Act 
in 1765 deserves a place in the memory of 
every American. Throughout the administra- 
tion of Lord North, Col. Barre' continued the 
warm friend of the American Colonics ; disting. 
himself greatly by the boldness of his senti- 
ments, and his inflexible opposition to the 
American war. He was blind during the last 
20 years of his life. For 15 years, he held a 
lucrative office. He was one of the supposed 
authors of Jnnius's Letters. A town in 
Ms. ])crpetuates his memory. His oratory was 
jiowerfiil, but coarse, his manners rugged, his 
coiintcnanee stern, and his stature athletic. 

Barringer, Daniel Moreau, statesman, 
b. Cabarrus Co., N.C., ab. 1807. U. of N.C 
1826. He established himself in the practice 
of law in 1829, became distinguished in his 
profession ; was several years in the State 
legisl. ; member of the State Const. Conv. in 
1835; M.C. 1843-9; minister to Spain in 
1849-.53 ; afterward travelled in Europe, ami. on 
his return, served in the State legi-1. until 1855, 
when he devoted himself to literary pursuits 



BAR 



BAR 



lie wa< II ilclct;.>tc to the Peace Conirross of 
l!<61. unci to the Philii. convention of 1806. 

Bamtt, Fr ANCKS Fuller, poet, h. Rome, 
NY., .May, I8J6. In IS-iO, her parent.* re- 
inoveii lo N'orthern Pa .and, in 18.33, to W'ors- 
ter, (>. She early liecame a contrili. to the 
learlin;; bclle-lettres journals of the country. In 
18.51 appeared n vol. of her poems eiliteil by 
Rnfiis \V. Gris\%'old, of great merit, containing;, 
anions other pieces, " Aziea, a Trajteily." In 
IS.Vi.she in. Jackson Barrilt of Pontiac, Mich. 
Altera few years' residence west of the Missouri, 
she took np her residence in N.Y. City. A 
yonn^'cr sister, Metta Victoria (see Victor), 
is al o n poetess. — Poets aiul Pwtri/ of the West. 

Barron, Jamks, commodore If. S. N., b. 
in Va , 1768; d. Norfolk, Apr. 21, 18.il. Ho 
coniineneed his naval career under his father, 
.J.tnies, who d. in ITS", and who held the rank 
of vomniiidore of the Va. navy during the 
li'ivol. war. and was also a member of the Va. 
Liuard if War. His bro. Itichard was a ca|)t. 
during; the whole war. The vessels com. by the 
Barrons were " The Liberty " and " The' Pa- 
triot." The former was engaged in 20 actions, 
and was very successful. On the formation of 
the U S. navy, Mar. 9, 1798, he was made 
lieut., and served under Commo. Barry in the 
brief war with I""rance. Made capt. Slay 22, 
179'J, and ordered to the Mediterranean under 
the coiuMiand of his elder brother, Commo. 
isamnel Barron, and was esteemed one of the 
most aceonipiished and efficient officers, and 
one of the best disciplinaiians, in the service. 
He served actively aHoat until 1807, in which 
year he com. the Irigato " Chesapeake" at the 
lime of her unfortunate encounter with the 
British frigate " Leopard." Barron was tried 
by a court-martial, and susiiendcd for five years. 
In 1820, a corresp., which grew out of t&is af- 
fair, led to a duel with Oecatur, Mar. 22. 1820, 
in which the latter was killed, while Barron 
was severely wounded. 

Barron, Samukl, commo. U. S. N., bro. 
of James, b. Hampton, Va., Sept. 25, 1765; d. 
there Oct. 29, 1810. He wasdisting. for gal- 
lantry iu the Revol. navy of Va.,in which his 
father, his uncle, and his brother, also partici- 
pated. In 1798, he com. the brig "Augusta," 
fitted out by the citizens of Norfolk against 
the Frenclu Made capt. U. S. navy, Sept. 13, 
1798, he left the merehant-sen'ice ; was con- 
spicuous in the Tripolitan war; and in 1805 
com. a squadron of 10 vessels. He co-o[)erated 
with Gen. Eaion in the cajnure of the to>vn of 
Derne, on the Tripolitan coast, Apr. 27, 1805, 
but, in consequence of extreme ill health, soon 
after returned to the U. S. 

Barron, Samuel, admiral in the Confed- 
erate navv, b. Va. Midshipm. U. S. N. 1 Jan. 
1812; lieiit. 3 Mar. 1827; com. 15 July, 1847; 
capt. 1855. He com." The Wabash," the flag- 
ship of Commo. Lavalettc in the Mediterrane- 
an, in 1859: Made com. in the Confed. navy 
in 1861, and put ia charge of the naval de- 
fences of N. C. and Va., with the rank of flag- 
officer; took charge of the defence of Forts 
Clark and Hatteras during the attack by Flag- 
oflicer Strin^rham and Gen. Butler, 27 Aug. 
I8Cil, aid, after their snrreiider. was a prisoner 
in New Vol!, until exchanged in 1862. 



Barrow, Gex. Washinotos. minister to 
LislHjn, 1841-3; M. C. 1847-9; b. Tenn. ab. 
IS17; d. St. Louis, 19 Oct. 1866. He was a 
lawyer ; .some years editor of the Xtishrillc 
Biinner, ami a leader of the ohi Whig parly; 
State senator in 1861, and for » time impris- 
oned by the federal authoriiics during the civil 
war. 

Barrundia, Josg Francisco, statesman 
of Honduras, b. 1779; d. N. V. City, Aug. 4, 
1854. He was the first to r.iise the standard 
of revol. against the Spanish Govt. Member 
of the first republican assembly, Apr. 10, 1824, 
he introduced and carried a decree for the alM>- 
lition of slavery, and devoted himself to the 
cause of social and civil reform. Pres. of the 
republic in 1829, he served with wisdom and 
moderation, and organized a general system of 
public instruction. Minister to the U. S. in 
1854, he purpo-ed the annexation of Honduras 
to the U. S., but dieil soon after his arrival. 

Barry, J.>UN, first coiiimoibnv in the U. S. 
navv, b. Taeunishanc, Wexlonl Co., Ireland, 
1745; d. Phila., Sept. 13, 1803. He went to 
sea very young; came to Phila. at the age of 
15; soon rose to the com. of a ship, and accu- 
miilnied wealth. When the war commenced, 
he ortered his sen-ices to Congress, " abamlon- 
ing," to use his own language, " the finest ship 
and the fii-st employ in America." In Feb. 
1776, he was app. to coin. "The Lexington," 
14, in which, after a sharp action, he took 
" The Edward," tender, the first war-vessel 
captured by a regular Amer. cruiser in action. 
He was then tninsferred to " The Effingham," 
frigate, whiih being useless during ihc sus|>en- 
sion of navigation the Ibllowing winter, he ob- 
tained the com. of a company of vols., and 
with some heavy cannon as>istcil in the opera- 
tions at Trenton, continuing with the army, 
and performing important services, during the 
winter campaign. At the head of 4 boats, 
he carried an enemy's man-of-war schooner in 
gallant style, without the loss of n man ; for 
which he was jinblicly thankeilby Washington. 
He was for a short time aide-de-camp to Gen. 
Cadwaladcr. When the British obtained pos- 
session of Phila., he took " The Effingham " 
up the Delaware, with the hope of saving her; 
but she was subseiiucnily burned by the enemy. 
An oflTer was in.ide him, by Gen. Howe, of 15,- 
000 guineas if he would bring in the ship. It 
was rejected with scorn. In Sept. 1778, he 
took com. of " The Kaleigh," 32, which a 
British squadron compelled him to run on 
shore at l-ox's Island in Penobscot B.\v. In 
Feb. 1781, he sailed in " The Aliiance " with 
Col. Laurens, ambassador to France, and 
cruised successfully until autumn. May 29, he 
captureil. after a severe contest, two British ves- 
sels, " The Atlanta " and " Trepasa." Return- 
ing in Oct. 1731, " The Alliance " was refitted, 
and after carrying Lafayette and Noailles to 
France, cruised iu the \Vest Indies, with suc- 
cess, until Mar. 1762. After the fonmlation of 
the present navy, Jnne 6, 1794, Barry was 
named as the senior officer, in which station he 
died. He su)HTintended the building of the 
frigate " United States," and was assigned to 
her command. He was a man of deep ndigious 
feeling, and strict honor. 



BAR 



Barry, Joitv, D.D., K. C. bishop of Sa- 

vannnli, coiisucir-ted Aug. 2, 1857; tl. Nov. 21, 

I S59. 

Barry, Jm'S S., gov. Michigan, 1842-6 
an.l isaii-j, li. Vi. ISOl ; d. Constantine, Mich., 
J.m. 15, 1870. EtUicated at the public scliools 
of \'t. ; stuiiicil law, but iTi 1832 went to Con- 
stantino, anil engaged in mercantile business. 
Member of the first Const. Conv. of Mich., in 
which he took a leading part, and was chosen 
State senator in 18.16, and again in 1840. Mem- 
ber of the Chicago Uemoc. Conv. of 1864. 

Barry, \Villia.m Farqoiiar, brcv. maj.- 
gen. U.S.A.. b. N.Y. City, Aug. 18, 1818. 
West Point, 18'38. Kntering the 4th Artillery, 
and stationed on the northern frontier during 
the troubles in Canada, he served part of the 
time on an armed schooner on the Lakes, and 
also as capt. of a guard at Lewiston. In 
18.38, he assisted Maj. Ringgold in organizing 
the first battery of light artillery introduced 
into the U..S. army ; was ordered to R.I., 
during the Dorr rebellion; became 1st lieut. 
1842; served throughout the Mexican war; 
was assist, adj.-gen. of Patterson's division, 
1847; aide-de-camp to Gen. Worth, 1848; 
capt. in 1852, and served 2 years against the 
Seminole Indians. In 1857, he served against 
tlie Sioux and Chippewas in Slinncsota. In 
April, 1861, he re-enforced Fort Pickens with a 
company of flying artillery. Maj. 5lh Artil- 
lery, May 14, 1861. Ordered to Washington 
in July, he joined Gen. iMcDowell, participated 
in the battle of Bull Run, and, July 23, was 
ordered to re-organize the field artillery of the 
army. Brig.-;;en. vols., Ang. 20, 1861, and 
assigned to the staff of Gen. McClellan, as 
chief of artillery of the Army of the Potomac, 
taking part in the peninsularcampaign. Lieut.- 
col. 1st Art., Aug. 1, 1863 ; col. 2d Art., Dec. 
11, 18G5 ; chief of Ait. on staff of Gen. Sher- 
man, 1864-6; brev.<ol. U.S.A., and maj.-gen. 
vols, for campaign of Atlanta, 1 Sept. 1SG4; 
brcv. brig.-geii. U. S. \., 13 M.ar. 1865, for 
services in the campaign ending in the sur- 
render of Johnston's army ; and brcv. maj.-gen. 
U.S.A., for merit, services during the Rebellion. 
Author (with Gen. Barnard) of "Reports of 
Engr. and Art. Operations of the Artny of 
Potomac to the Close of the Peninsular Cam- 
paiu'U," 1863. — Culhim. 

Barry, William Taylor, statesman, b. 
Lunenburg, Va., Feb. 5, 1784; d. Liverpool, 
Eng., Aug. 30, 1835. William and Mary 
Coll. 180). He moved to Ky. at the age of 

II ; and, being adm. to the bar, his gift of 
popular eloquence soon established his fame. 
lie served in both branches of the Kv. Icgisl.; 
was M.C. in 1810-11 ; U.S. senator, 1814-16; 
judge of the Supreme Court of Ky. ; succes- 
sively lieut.-gov., sec. of State, and chief- 
justice of Ky. Postmaster-gen. 1828-35 ; min- 
ister to Spain in 1835; died on his way to 
Madrid. He acted as sec. and aide to Gov. 
Shelby in the battle of the Th.imes, and was 
the first U. S. postmaster-gen. admitted to the 
cabinet. 

Barry, Willia.m Taylor Sollivax, 
lawver, b. Columbus, -Mpi., Dec 12, 1821 ; d. 
thei'^ Jan. 29, 1868. Y. C. 1841. He took a 
plantation in Oktibbeha Co. ; practised law in 



Columbus 2 or 3 years; was a member of the 
Icgisl. in 1849 and 1851 ; afterward removed to 
Sunflower Co.; M.C. 18.5.'!-5 ; again practised 
law in Columbus; was speaker of the Icgisl. 
in 1855; seceded from the Charleston Conven- 
tion in 1860; and in 1861 was pres. of the 
secession convention of Mpi., and member ff 
the Provisional Congress. He entered the 
military service of the Confederacy in June, 
raised and com. the 35th Mpi. Rcgt. in the 
spring of 1862, and until captured at Mobile, 
in Apr. 1865; afterward practised law in Co- 
lutnbus. — }'. ('. Ohi'l. Record, p. 320. 

BarstOW, Col. William A., gov. Wis., 
1854-6; d. Leavenworth, Kan., 14 Oct. 1865, 
a. 54. lie raised the 3d Wis. Cavalry in 18i'>l, 
with which he served in the south-west with 
credit until his health gave way. 

Barthe.J. G .Canadian journalist. Left the 
C"lleg-of Nicolct in 1832. Studied medicine, 
and, alter a short imprisonment on suspicion 
of haviii;;- written .an ode to Papinean and the 
exiles, estalilished himself in 1838 as an advo- 
cate in Montreal. He was 5 years editor of 
L'Avenir des Canndas. M. P. for the county 
of Yamaska, 1841-4; clerk of appeals of 
Lower Canada, 4 years, and resided in Paris in 
1853-6, where he pub. " Canada Reconquis par 
la Franc.'' — Mor'/nn. 

Bartholomew, Edward SnEFFiiiLD, 
sculptor, b. Colchester, Ct., 1822; d. Xaples, 
May 2, 1858. Becoming a resident of Hart- 
ford, he learned dentistry, then pursued paint- 
ing, and afterward sculpture, in which he be- 
came disting. From 1845 to 1848, he liacl 
charge of the Wadsworth (lallery in Hartford, 
then came to New York, and .about 1850 went 
to Italy. Among his most celebrated finished 
works, are Paradise Lost, Shepherd Boy, 
Sappho, Youth and Old Age, Monument to 
Charles Carroll (greatly admired), Beli'iarins at 
the Porta Pincinia. a group representing (Jany- 
mede an 1 the Eagle of Jupiter, and Eve altt-r 
the Fall. 

Bartlett, Elisha, M.D. (B. U. 1826), 

physician and writer, b. Smilhfield, R.I., Oct. 
6,1804; d. Providence, July 19, 1855. After 
passing a year in Europe, on his return in 
1827, he commenced practice at Lowell, 
and, in 1836, became first mayor of the new 
city. He delivered courses of lectures atPitts- 
fieid in 1832, and at Daitm. Coll. in 1839 ; took 
charge of the medical department of the 
Transyl. U., Lexington, Ky. in 1841, and 
again, in the autumn of 1846, after a second visit 
to Europe ; that of the U. of Maryland in 
1844; that of the Med Institute of Louisville 
in 1849; and in 1850, that of the U. of N.Y., 
which position he relinquislicd in 1852 lo 
occiiiiy that of Materia of Medica and Medical 
Jurisprudence in the Coll. of Physicians and 
Surgeons of that city, in which he continued 
until his death. During the spring and sum- 
mer months from 1843 to 1850 inclusive, ho 
occupied himself in lecturing in the Vt. Med. 
Coll. at Woodstock. His principal works aiv, 
" The Fevers in the U. S.," 1842; " An Es- 
say on the Philosophy of .Medical Science," 
1844; "An Inquiry into the Dignity and Cer- 
tainty in Medicine," 1848 ; " A Discourse on the 
Life and Labors of Dr. Wells, the Discoverer of 



BAR 



G8 



SAJR 



the Philosophy of Dew," 1849 ; " A Di-ioiiise 
on thu Times, Chnnicter, ami Works of llip- 
jjoeiatcs," 18r)2 ; niul poems, eniriKxl " Simple 
St'tliiiKsiii V'ersefor Portraits nil J Pictures flora 
Mr. Dickens's Gallerv," 1855. He edited a 
while the Munllil,/ ./wu'nul of Mel. Lit., nt Low- 
ell, afterward ineiced into the ihd. ilmiaziii): 

^>»- Memuir, Im S II. Dickson, in Gross's Med. 

Bio,, 

Bartlett, Ichabod, lawyer, h. Salisbury, 
N. 11., July 24, 1786; d. Portsmouth, (Xt. 19, 
1S5.3. Da'rtm. Coll. 1808. Ailm. to the har 
in 1312. After practisinj; a short time nt Uiir- 
hani, he removed to Portsmouth, where he re- 
sided till his death. lie held hi)j;li rank among 
his distinf;. competitors at the N.Il. bar, in- 
eluding Webster and Mason. He was 7 years 
ill the State Icgisl, ; was clerk of the State 
fcnaie in 1817-18; solicitor for the county of 
Hockinghani in 1819 ; speaker of the house 
in 1821; and M. C. in I82.'i-29; memlicr of 
the Stale Coii.-t. Cunv. of 1850. 

Bartlett, John Uussei.l, author, b. Prov- 
idence, K.l., Oct. 2.i, 1805 ; was early placed 
in a banking-bouse, and was for six years 
cashier of the Globe Bank, Providence. While 
there, he was one of the projectors of the Ath- 
enteum, and an active member of the Franklin 
Society for the Cultivation of Science, before 
which he oeeasionally lectured. In 1837, he 
engaged in business in N. Y., but was unsuc- 
cessful. He then established a foreign book- 
store ; was an active manager of the JJ. Y. 
Hist. Society, and a projector of the Ethnolo- 
gical Society. In 1850, ho was a)ip. by Pies. 
Taylor coinniissioner to fi.\ the boundary-line 
between the U. S. and Me.xico, under the treaty 
of Liuadahipe Hidalgo, which occupied him 
until Jan. 7, 1853. He pub. in 18.54 a person- 
al narrative of explorations and incidents in 
the countries which he had visited ; having 
previously published, in 1847, a small work on 
the Progress of Ethnology, and, in 1848, a 
Dictionary of Americanisms. He became sec. 
of State of U. I., May 1, 1855, and still holds 
that office, having arranged, edited, and ])ub. 
the records of the colony (10 vols. 163G-1790); 
acting gov. 1861-2. Mr. B. has also pub. 
■' Bihiio-raphy of U. I." 1864 ; " A History of 
the Destrnctiunof H B. M. Schooner, G.ispee" 
18G2 ; " Index to the Acts and Hesolves of the 
General Assembly of U.I. ," 1758-1862; "Bib- 
liotheca Americana," 1493-1800, 4 vols., 8vo, 
186.5-70; "Literature of the Ilebellion," N.Y., 
8vo, 1866; " Reminiscences of Albert Galla- 
tin," N.Y., 1849; " Memoirs of K. I. Officers 
in Service during the Rebellion," 4to, 1867; 
"Primeval .Man," 1868; "Naval Hist, of R.I.," 
contrib. to the Hist. Mag. He has two sons in 
the U. S. service, Jons R., lieut. com. U. S X., 
and llKNnv A., capt. U. S. marine corps. 

Bartlett, John SiiKRiiEN, 51.1)., jour- 
nalist, b. Dorsetshire, Eng., 1790; d. N. J., 
Aug. 24. 1863. He was educated a physician 
in London ; a])|)., on recommendation of 
Sir Astley Cooper, surgeon in the royal navy 
in 1812; was taken in the packet " Swallow, 
by an Amcr. frigate, and remained a prisoner in 
Boston nntil 1813. He m. at Boston, and es- 
labli-hcd himself there as a physician. The 
4(7(o/i w.is eoiiimeuccd by hiiu in New York, 



June 22, 1822, as an English conservalivt 
organ ; and it gained a large and profitable cir- 
culation. He afterwards c^tablisbcd two other 
papers, also the Euroiimn at Liverpool. He 
withdrew from the -l/iiu/i in 1848. In 1855, 
lie issued the Awjlo-Saxon, a weekly paper at 
Boston. In 1857, he was British consul at 
Baltimore. 

Bartlett, Joseph, wit, poet, and adventur- 
er, b. Plvmouth, Ms., 10 June, 17«2; A. Bos- 
ton, 20 "Oct., 1827. n. U. 1782. Vijiiing 
Eng., he pursued a checkered and adventurous 
career, gambled, got into prison, wrote a play 
for his release, and went upon the stage himself. 
Procuring a large stock of goods on credit, he 
was shipwrecked on Cape Cod. and, failing in 
business in Boston, studied law. Capt. of 
vols, in Shays' insurrection, then opened a law- 
office in Woburn, painting it black, and call- 
ing it " the coffin" to attract notice. Remov- 
ing to Cambridge, he busied himself with the 
affairs of the town and of the college. Af- 
terwards a lawyer and ])olitician in Me., and 
meinbcrof the legisl. While in Saco, in 1805, 
he edited the Fivenuin's Frkiul, and, July 4, 
delivered an oration at Biddcford. lie finally 
closed his improvident life in Boston. In 1 799, 
lie delivereil a satirical poem on Physiognomy, 
before the Phi Beta Kappa Society. The edi- 
tion of 1823, included aphorisms on men, 
principles, and things. His poem, "The Vicar 
of Bray," was (piitc celebrated. He delivered 
the 4tli of July oration at Boston, in 1799. 

Bartlett, Josiah, M. D., signer of the 
Declaration of Independence, b. Amesbnrv, 
Ms., Nov. 21, 1729; d. May 19, 1795. With 
a common-school eiiueation, and such knowl- 
edge of medical science as be could acquire 
from study with a practitioner of his native 
town, he commenced practice at Kingston, 
N.H., in 1750, and soon liecanie eminent. Dur- 
ing the prevalence of a fatal throat di.sease 
among children, in 1754, be introduced the 
use of Peruvian bark with success. In 1765, 
and annually until the Revol., Dr. Bartlett 
was chosen to the legisl.; in 1770 was app. 
lieut.-eol. 7ih rcgt. of niilitin, but was deprived 
of his commission in Feb. 1775, on account of 
the active jiart he took in the controversy wiili 
Great Britain ; he was a member of the com- 
mittee of safety, upon whom devolved, for a 
time, the whole executive govt, of the State, 
and on the organization of govt, by a jirovin- 
cial congress, of which he was a member, he 
was app. a justice of the jieace, and col. of 
the 7th regt. Sept. 1775. A delegate to Coti- 
gress in 1775 and 1776. he was the first to give 
his vote for tlie Declaration of Indc))ciidciice, 
and its first signer after the President. In 
1777, he accompanied Gen. Stark to Benning- 
ton, us agent of the State, to provide medicine 
and other necessaries to the N.II. troops. 
From April to Nov. 1778, he was again a del- 
egate to Congress; was app. chief-justice of the 
Common Pleas in 1779, judge of the Supreme 
Court, 1782, and chief-justice in 1788. Ho 
was an active member of the convention called 
to adopt the Federal Constitution, in 1788. 
From 1790 to 1793, ho was pres. of the .State, 
and. uniler the new constitution, gov. in 1793; 
retiring from public business in 1794 on accouiil 



BA.R 



69 



BAR 



of infirm health. He was pres. of the N. H. 
ineJ. soc, which he was chiefly instrumental in 
founding, and received an honorary degree of 
M.D., from Dartm. Coll. He was always a 
patron of learning, and a friend to learned men. 
His son Josi.tu, M.U., M. C. 181 1-1.3, a phy- 
sician of extensive practice, d. Stratham, N.H., 
Apr. 1 4, 18.38, a. 70. 

Bartlett, Willum, a benevolent mer- 
chant, b. Xewburyport, Jan. 31. 1748 ; d. there 
Feb. 8, 1841. Descended from one of the 
first settlers of that ancient town. Acquiring 
gi:cat wealth by mercantile enterprises, he em- 
ployed it in assisting the needy, and especially 
to advance the cause of religion and morals. 
The temperance reformation, foreign missions, 
and the gratuitous education of young men for 
the ministiv, were especial objects of his muni- 
ficence. He gave 530,000 to found the Theol. 
Sem. at Andover; then liberallyendowed a pro- 
fessorship, and erected an expensive dwelling- 
house for the use of the incumbent. His bene- 
factions to this institution were estimated, by 
those familiar with his atfairs, to have reached 
the munlticeut sum of a quarter of a million 
dollars. He gave a large amount in the ag- 
grevtate to other worthy objects. 

Bartlett, William U. C, LL.D. (Geneva 
Coll.), prof of natural and experimental phi- 
losophy at \Ve<t Point, h. Lancaster Co., I'a., 
1S04. 'West Point, 1826. Assist. Prof. Eng'rg. 
Mil. Acad., Aug. 1826 to Aug. 1829. Acting 
pi of. nat. and e.xper. philos. Nov. 1834, and 
Prof, since Apr. 20, 1836. Author of " Elem. 
Treatise on Optics," 1839; "Elements of 
Mechanics," of " Nat. Philos.," 1850, " Acou- 
stits and Optics," N. Y., 1852; "Analytical 
Mechanics,' 1854; "Spherical Astronomy." 
18j5. Member of Philos. Soc. of Phila., and 
of Acad. Arts and Sciences, Boston. 

Bartlet, Ret. William Stoodlev, 
Prot.-Epis. clergyman, b. Newburvport, Ms., 
Apr. 8, 1809. U'en. Theol. Sem. 1839. A.M. 
of Trill. Coll., Hartford. Formerly rector of 
Immaiiuel Church, Little Falls, X.Y. ; of St. 
Andrew's, Providence, R.L ; and of St. Luke's, 
Chelsea, .Ms. Member of the Ms. Hist Soc, 
and of the X.E. Hist, and Geneal. Soc. He 
pub. " The Frontier Missionary," a memoir 
of Rev. Jacob Bailey, 8vo, 1853 ; contrib. to 
the N-ilional Qnarterli/ an article on vocal cul- 
ture, in Mar. 1863; and in 1864 delivered at 
Lowell an oration at the tercentenary celeb, of 
the birth of Shaks|>eare, which was pub. Con- 
trib. hist, papers to various periodicals, and to 
the ■' Mfinorial of Bishop Burgess." 

Bartley, Mordixai, gov. of ()., 1844-6, b. 
Fayette Cj., Pa , Dec. 16, 1783; il. Oct. 10, 
1870. His grandparents emigrated in .June, 
1724, and settled in Loudon Co., Va. He at- 
tended school during intervals of labor on his 
father's farm, removed to Ohio in 1809, and 
engaged in a^'riculturc in Mansfield, Richland 
Co. Capt. and adj. under Harrison in the 
War of 1812. Was a State senator 1817-18 ; 
reirister of the lanil oflicc, 1818-23; M. C. 
1S2:J-31. T. W. Bartlev, was acting gov. in 
1844. — Memoir, bi/ A. I. Gocdinnn. 

Bartol, Cyncs Acgcstus, author and 
Cong, clergiman. b. Freeixirt, Me., Apr. .30, 
1813. Bowii. Coll. 1832 ; Camb. Uiv. School, 



1835. Settled as colleague pastor with Rev 
Charles Lowell, D.D., of the West Church, 
Boston, Mar. 1, 1837. His principal writings 
are "Pictures of Europe," 1855 ; " Discourses 
on the Christian Spirit and Life," 1850 ; " Dis- 
courses on the Christian Body and Form,' 
1854; and a history of the" West Chunh 
and its Ministers " His latest work is on 
ecclesiastical polity. He has also pub. many 
occasional and miscellaneous discourses and 
essays, besides numerous contribs. to the lead- 
ing periodicals of the day, and several poetical 
compositions. 

Barton, Bewamin Smith, M.D., nuiu- 
ralist, b. Lancaster, Pa., 10 Feb. 1766; d. Vi 
Dee. 1815.- Son of Rev. Thos. Barton bv a 
sister of Rittcnhouse theniathematician. While 
a student in Pa. Coll., he accompanied Rittcn- 
house and the other U. S. commissioners to 
settle the boundary line west of Pa. From 

1786 to .1789, he was studying medicine at 
Edinburgh, London, and at GiJitingen, wliere 
ht took his degree of M.D. He then settled 
in Phila., where he soon acquired an extensive 
practice; was in 1789 app. prof, of nat. hist. 
and botany in the Coll. of Phila., and Apr. 
1813, was appointed prof of materia medica. 
Besides papers contrib. to the Amer. Philos. 
Trans, and to the MfdicaJ and Phjfiral .fournal, 
begun by him in 1804, he pub. "Observations 
on some parts of Natural History," Loud., 

1787 ; "New Views of the Origin of the Tribes 
of America," 1797 ; " Elements of Botany," 

1804, and in 2 vols. 1812 ; an edition of Cul- 
len's Materia Medica ; " Eulogy on Dr. Priest- 
lev ; " Discourse on the Principal Desiderata 
of Nat. Hist.," Phihi., 1807 ; " Colleciioiis to- 
wards a Materia Medica of the IT. S.," 3d ed., . 
1810 — See Biog. Sketch, by his nephew, W.P. • 
C. Barton, M.D.,and Xhacher's Med. Bioff, 

Barton, William p. C, M.D. (t. of 
Pa. 1808). prof of botany in the U. of Pa., 
nephew of B. S. Barton ; d. 1855. N.J. Coll. 

1805. He pub. " Florie Philadelphics," 4to, 
1815-25; " Compendium "of the same, 2 vols., 
1818; " Flora of North America," 3 vols., 4to, 
1821-3 ; " Materia Medicaand Botany," 2 vols. 
" Medical Botanv," 2 vols., 8vo ; " Hints to 
Naval Officers cruising in the W. I.," 1830; 
" Plan for Marine Hospitals in the U. S." 
1817; "Memoirs of B. S. Barton." "Disser- 
tation on Nitrous-Oxide Gas," &c. 1808. — 
Atlihone. 

Barton, Gek. William, Revol. officer, b. 
Providence, R L, 1747 ; d. there Oct. 22, 18.31. 
He held the rank of licut.-<ol inthc R.I. militia, 
when on the night of July 10, 1777, with a 
stiiall party, hecrosscl Narra;;ansett Bay . passed 
unobserved 3 British frigates, landed about 
half-way from Newport to Bristol Ferry, and 
captured the British Gen. Prcscott. For this 
sen'ice, Congress honored him by the presen- 
tation of a sword, a commission of col., and a 
grant of land in Vt. By the transfer of some 
of this land, he became entangled in the t"i!s 
of the law, and was imprisoned for debt in Vt. 
many years, until liberated by Lafayette, who 
paid' the claim against him in 1825. Col. 
Barton was wounded in the action at Bristol 
Ferry in Aug. 1778, and was disabKil from 
further service during the war. Memb'T of 



SAH 



thf cimvcntion which ailoptcd the U. S. Con- 
^[iiuiiun. — See Life of, bi/ Mrn. C. M. Wil- 
liams. 1839. 

Bartow, Fbascis S., brii^.-gcn. C.S.A., 
1). Gil. ; killfJ ill Iwlilc of Bull Kuii, Va., July 
■21, IM\. 

Bartram, John, botanist, b. Dorbv, 
Clioster Co., I'a , i-l M.ir. 1G99; il. 2:2 Si-pt. 
177". Lfft :m orplian at the a;,'i; of I'S, he was 
!^elf-taii:;hl, ami bceainu prolii'ii'iit in liotaiiv, 
imJi iiie, aiul surgery. In the intervals of 
ii^ri^nlmral labor, by which he supporteil a 
)ar;;e family, be made excursions to Fla. and 
to Canada, and at the aye of 70 made a journey 
to liast Kla. to explore its natural productions. 
He was also a skilful mechanic, ami built the 
house in which he lived. In 1728, he founiled 
on the banks of the Schuylkill, near I'hila., the 
first botanic garden in Aiucriia, and which still 
bears his name. The gardens of Europe are 
indclitcd to hiscontributions; and soiiie foreij^ii 
scicniilic bodies bestowed their honors upon him, 
and ]>ub. coininunicaiions from him in their 
transactions. Until 1758, ho was a menilier 
of the Society of Friends. He pub. in 1751 
" ObseiTaiions " on his travels to Lake Ontario, 
and " Description of Kast Florida, with a 
Journal," 1766. — See Memorials of Bartram 
UH'I .Mnrxluill, tdiledhy Darliiiijiml, 1849. 

Bartram, Wh.mam, naturali-t, son of 
the pr^cedin;;, b. Kin-sissinfr. I'a., 9 Feb. 1739; 
d. •>■> July, 1823. lie cstaliii.'-lied himself in 
luKiness in N.C. in 1761 ; studied natural 
history, and accompanied his father in his 
botanical explorations in E. Fla. ; resided some 
time on the River St. .John, and returned lioine 
in 1771. In 177.3-8, he expload ilu- Florid is, 
Carolina, and Georgia, and traiismiiiid to liis 
employer. Dr. Fothorijill, at London his valua- 
ble collections. Elected in 1782 prof, of 
botany In the O. of Phila., he declined, on ac- 
count' of ill health. In 1786, he became a 
member of the Amer. Philos. Soc, and was 
admitted into other scientific bodies at home 
and abroad. In 1790, he pub. an aicount of 
his travels, ineludin"; notices of the Creeks, 
Cherokees, and Choctaws. In 1789, he wrote 
a reply to a scries of questions proposed to him 
on the condition of those Indians, lately printed 
in the Trans, of the Ethnolofjieal Society/He 
was the author of the most comjilete and ac- 
curate table of American ornitliolo;.'V wifich 
had appeared previously to the work nf Wilson ; 
and science owes to him its knowlcdu'e of many 
curious and beautiful plants i)eculiar to this 
continent. He also pub. " .Memoirs of J. 
Bartram," " Anecdotes of a Crow," " Descrip- 
tiiMi of Certhia," and a work on the site of 
BriMol. 

Bascom, IIiiNRV Bidli^mas, D.D., 

LL.D , lii...liop of the M. E. Cliurcli South, 
b. Hancock, Delaware Co , N.Y., May 27, 
1796; d. Louisville, Ky., Sept. 8, 1850. Enter- 
ing the ministry in 1813, after filling various 
appointments in the Ohio, Tenn.,and Ky.con- 
fereiue^, he was elccteil chaplain to Congress. 
Pres. of iladison Coll., Pa., in 1827 ; he then 
became agent of the Colonization Society. 
From 1832 to 1842, he was prof, of moral 
science and belles-lettres in Augusta Coll., Ky., 
and was subsequently pres. of Transylvania 



U . Ky. Ho declined the presidency of La 
Coll. and of the Mo. U. tendered hiin in 1839 
In the general conference in 1844, when tha 
separation between the Methodist churches 
North and South took place, he drew up the 
protest of the Southern members against the 
action of the conference upon slavchoMing, and 
in 1845 was memlier of the conveniion at 
Louisville which organized the Church South, 
and author of its rcjiort. In IS46, he became 
editor of the Soutln-m Melhutlist Q'tarlerli/ 
liei-iiw. He was chairman of the commis- 
sioners of the Church South to settle the con- 
troversy between the two divisions of the 
Church. In 1849, he was elected liLshop, ord. 
May, 1850. He pub. a vol. of " Sermons," 
18.50, " Lectures on Infidelity," " Lectures and 
Essays on Moral Science," and sermons and 
sketches. His life was written by Uev. Dr. 
Henkle; and his "Posthumous Works," edited 
bv Hev. T. N. Ralston, appeared in Nashville, 
2' vols., 8vo, in 1855. D.D. of Wesl. U. 1838. 
LL.D. of La Oran:;e Coll. 1845. 

BasiliO de Gama ( bii-see'-le-o da gii'-ma), 
Jose, b. .San Jose, Brazil, 1740 ; d. ab. 1795. 
One of the founders of the Brazilian Acad. 
Author of " Uruguay," a popular poem, and 
some Ivrics. 

Bass, Edw.\rd, D.D. (U. of Pa. 1789.) 
first Prot.-Epis. bishop of Ms., b. Dorchester, 
Nov. 23, 1726 ; d. Sept. 10, 1803. II. U. 1744. 
He tanght school for several years, and was 
Old. ill Eng., May 24, 1752, by Bp. Sherlock 
at the request of the society of St. Paul's 
Church, Newburyport. In 1 796, he was elected 
bishop of the Prot.-Epis Church of Ms., and 
was consei'ralcd May 7, 1797. He was after- 
wards elicted bishop of the R.I. churches, and 
in 1803 of those in N.H. 

Bassett, Ricuakd, gov. of Delaware in 
1798-1801 ; il. Sept. 1815. A member of the 
old Congress in 1787, and of the convention 
which trained the Constitution. He was U.S. 
senator in 1 789-93, and was U.S. district judge 
in 1801-2. He was a lawyer of repute. His 
dan. Ann. m. .James A. Bayard. 

Bassini, Carlo, music-teacher and writer, 
b. Cuiieo, Piedmont, 1812; d. Ir\ington, JJ.J., 
26 Nov. 1870. Obtaining distinction as a vio- 
linist, he went with an operatic company to 
Souih America, became director, and atierward 
settled as a teacher of music in N. Y. City. 
Among his l>cst known works are " Art of 
.Singing," 1857; "Method for the Barvtonc," 
186S; "Method for the Tenor." 1866; "Me- 
lodic Exercises," 1S65 ; " New Jtethod," 1869. 
He composed some exquisite pieces. 

Batcbelder, Samikl, inventor, b. 'Jaf- 
frey, N.H., 8 June, 1784. In 1808, he began 
the manufacture of cotton at New Ipswidi; 
superintended the erection of the Hamilton 
Mills at Lowell in 1825, and of a mill for the 
York Manuf. Co. at Saco, Me., ill 1831. He 
now resides in Cambridge, Ms. Among his 
inventions, that of the dynamometer, for ascer- 
taining the i>ower for driving machinery, first 
used in the York Mills in 1837, is perhaps the 
greatest. In early life, he conirib. to the Port- 
I'lilio, and has pub. a " Historv of the Cotton 
JIanuf. of the U. S " 

Bateman, Dr. Ei'HRaim, b. Cumbnland, 



BA.T 



71 



B^X 



N J. I77I1; d. there, Jan. 29, 1829. While a 
mechanic's apprentice, he stuJied medicine, 
bee-line noted in the profession ; w^is m-.iny 
years in the State lej^isl. ; was an M. C 1815- 
23. and U. S. senator, 1826-9. 

Sate man, Katk Josefhixe ( Mrs. George 
Crowe), actress, b. Baltimore, ild., (Jet. 7, 
1842. Her lather, H. L. Bateman, was a well- 
known iheHtrical manager ; her mother, Fran- 
ces, an actress and dramatist. The children, 
Kate and Ellen, were on the stage almost from 
infaiuv. Kllen retired from the stage, and is 
now Mrs. Claude Greppo. Kate reappeared, 
Mar. 19, I860, after 4 years' absence, as Evan- 
ye/ill'., in a drama by hur mother, at the Winter 
Garden, and performed in a variety of parts 
until, in Dec. 1862, she made, at Boston, her 
first appearance as Leah, — a chaiacter with 
wliich her name is now identified, and in which 
she has appeared in all the large cities of the 
U. S. and Great Britain. In London, where 
she appeared first in Oct. 1863, the part was 
repeateil 211 nighij. in succession. Oct. 13, 
1856, she became the wife of George Crowe, 
some time editor of the London Dailij Sews, 
who resides near Bristol, Eng. 

Sates, BiBSABAS, advocate o/ cheap post- 
age, b. Kdmonton, Eng., I78.J; d. Boston, Oct. 
II, lS.i3. JIc was brought to this country by 
his parents when acliild, and became a Baptist 
preacher in K. I., but was afterwards a Unita- 
rian. For a short time, he was collector of the 
port of Bristol, but in 1825 removed to X. Y., 
where he pub. a weekly paper. The Christian 
Inqairer. While holding an office in the N. Y. 
post-office, he tamed his attention to cheap 
postage, publishing pamphlets, writing in the 
newspapers and magazines, and lecturing on 
the subject in various parts of the U. S. He 
succeeded in the reduction of the land postage 
to a reasonable rate, but died before effecting 
a corresponding decrease in the rate of ocean 
posta:^. 

Sates, Edwaed, LL.D. (U. U. 1858), 
statesuiaii and jurist, b. Belmont, Goochland 
Co., Va., Sept 4, 179.3; d. St. Louis, Mar. 25, 
1869. Educated under the care of Benjamin 
Bates, a relative, he in 1814 emigrated to Mo. 
with his elder brother Frederick, who was sec. 
of the territory, and its gov. 1824-6. Com- 
mencing the practice of law in 1816, he became 
eminent at the bar; was app. pros. atty. for 
the St. Louis Circuit in 1818; atty. -gen. of 
the new State in 1820-22; U. S. dist. atty. 
1824-6; was many years a leading member 
of the Mo. legisl., member of the convention 
which framed the constitution of the .State in 
1320, and was a member of the 24th Congress. 
The delivery of his celebrated speech at the 
Chicago Internal Improvement Convention in 
1847 brought him into general notice. He, 
however, refused to be a candidate for office in 
Mo., and declined a seat in Pres. Fillmore's 
cabinet. He was the friend of Henry Clay in 
1824; supponci the ailministration of Mr. 
Adams; in 18.54 was an opponent of the re- 
peal of the Mo. Compromise ; co-operated with 
the Free Lalior party in M'>., and opposed the 
admission of Kansas under the Loompton 
Constitution. Judge of the St. Ixmis l^nd 
Court in 1853-6, and pres. of the Bait. Whig 



convention in 1856. On the election of Pres. 
Lincoln, he accepted the post of U. S. atty.- 
gen., resigning in Sept. 1864. 

Bates, Isaac C, lawyer and statesman, b.» 
Granviiie, Ms., 1780; d. Washington, D.C., 
Mar. 16. 1845. Y. C. 1802. He settled as a 
lawyer in Sorthainpton, rose to eminence at 
the bar, and was for many years in both branch- 
es of the State legisl. and in the exec, council. 
M. C. 1827-35, aiid in 1842 was elected U. S. 
senator, making an able speech against the 
anne.\ation of Texas only a fen days belore 
bis death. 

Bates, .JoSHDA, D.D. (Y. C. 181SJ, scholar 
and divine, h. Chasset, ils.. Mar. 20. 1776; 
d. Dudley, Ms., .Jan. 14, 18.54. H. C. 1800. 
Descended from Clement, h. Eng., 1592, came 
to America ab. 1636, settled at IIin;rhain, and 
d. 1671. The son of a farmer of limited 
means, he toiled on a farm until he was 17. 
On leaving Harvard, he became an assist, in 
Phillips Acad.,piirsuingacoarseof theol stud- 
ies at the same time. Ord. pastor of the Cong. 
Church in Dedham, Mar. 16, 1803, where he 
lalx)rc 1 successfullv until Mar. 1813. Pres. of 
Middlb. Coll. 1818-39. He was subsequently 
chaplain during one session of the U. S. sen- 
ate ; and Wiis installed p:istor of a church in 
Dudley, Mar. 22, 1843. Jlcmber of the Amcr. 
Acad, of Arts and Sciences. He pub. " Kemi- 
nisccnees of Rev. John Codman ; " two ser- 
mons on Intemperance, 1813; avolnmcof Ser- 
mons; Inaugural Address, 1818; Anniversary 
Discourse at Dudley, 1853 , and Sermons and 
Discourses. — Hpiagne. 

Bates, JosHCA, financier, b. Weymouth, 
Ms., 1788; d. London, Sept. 24," 1864; 
son of Col. Joshua, who d. 1804. He re- 
ceived his early educ;ition from Rev. Jacob 
Norton, and, at the age of 15, entered the 
counting-house of William R. Gray in B'lston. 
Entering the employ of Mr. Gray's father, 
long a leading merchant of X.E.. he was sent 
by him to the north of Europe, to look after 
his interests there. In 1826, he formed a con- 
nection in London with John Barinir. under 
the firm of Bates & Baring. On ihe death 
of .Mr. Holland, they were both made partners 
in the house of Baring Bros. & Co. In 1854, 
he was umpire between the commissioners of 
the English and U.S. govts, for settling claims 
growing out of the War of 1812. In 1852, he 
contributed S.50,000 to the Public Library of 
the city of Boston, then being established, on 
condition that the income of bis fund should 
annually be spent in t!ie purchase of books of 
permanent value and authority, and that the 
city should provide comfortable accommoda- 
_ tions for their use, l>oth day and evening, by at 
'least 100 rejidcrs. Up to .fan. 1858, when 'the 
buildine was dedicated, he had given to it 
some 30.000 vols., besides the sum above 
named. The large hall of the library is desig- 
nated .as Bates Hall. His only surviving 
child is the wife of Van de Weyer. an eminent 
Bolivian statesman. During the Relieltion. his 
sympailiies were actively enlisted in behalf of 
his coimtry. and he did mm-h by prudent coun- 
sel and judicious suggestions to avert a war 
between England and the U S. — Sff Memorial 
of Joshua liaU3,from tlie CiVy of Boilon, 1865. 



1. ?«^o"®\,-^''""''''^"' ^'"-"KUnyBn st«tes,nan. 
•> 181-' Minister of w,ir unilcr Gen. Floios • 
)>ro>-,Momil pres. of Urii<jii.iv, I8r.G-«; i-Krieii 
m\S i»sassinntion of I-|orcs, 28 Fub. 

nli Ti i •, ;' '^'''"•"'"'•, l>. Abhotstow... l'a„ 
nil r ; • l'"".*-^''-^*;. I'"-. April 14, 868 
Hick. Coll. I82.V llo sindij thool o.-v ,u 



II .school at Gctt.vsl)„r- ,„ l8.-tO; a.ul in 1832 

when Kkramca coll fill.,, ,,,e el • „f the 

l.utk lHn..-,ia-c, and Iwllc-lcttri-s, until IS.-.O 

, H ' I ;'' riT 'm''- '•"""'""■"•-' in that office 

;he"i;!;:;S/^,!^r'"' '■•■'''""' '^"''•"'■•'^ 

Baume, Khkdkr.ck, lieut.-col. of the 
Brunswick l),«,„ons i„ B„rg„vn«'s expo 
morta ly ,vo„„,|,.,l at the bmtle'of Benninito, ! 
N t.. Ifi All-, ami ,1. 18 Aii" 1777 He „rl 
nvc.l in (^aiin.Ia in 177fi ; 1.-) An^. 1777, lie was 

fiXu",rr,;'H'"'' ;""'""'," ■'"''''"'"''• ""■' "-^^ 

Liher.,L.M7^: LicenJid'l'^Lti*::^: 
ton 1 le.sbvter.v, 1 Apr. I7S)7. I'n.f mi the 

;^<;c;.";:^;^:;;^;'::it^T!,"'"^"-^""'' 

p.i»toi ot New Monmouth an.l Ix^xin-ion. In 
18.7, he k-came the seeoml pres. of Wash 
toll., Lexin-ton, Va., resi-ninir in I8"9 In 
Apr. .8.32. he accepted ,he"o«ice of p oF. ^n the 
Union riieol. Sem., Prince Edward Co - 

\'->i ; d. Charleston, S C, 19 Nov. 1838. An- 
drew his father, a native of Ireland, Ion- a 
1 rosb. minister in Pa., d. Newtown, L.I. I7"76 
1 ho son was utt.n-ney-cn. of S.C, under the 
colonial ,^;,„„, „,„,, fr„^ ,„, ,„ ,. "-^ '^^ 
justice of the General Sessions an.l C 'c P 
Author „. •• Kep.,r,s of Superior Courts' of S 
C. SM.cc tiK. Hevol," 2d ed., 2 vols., 1809-11 

Bayard, (;i-;.,rok n., l,ri«..j:en. vols I, 
Now \ork 183.',; killed at Kredericksbi r 
Va., Dec. 14. I8G2. West Point, I85f,. e;;: 
terms: the 1st (Vvniry, he became capt. 4th 

1862. Attache, to Gen. McCall's reserves, ho 
participated in the various battles of that fi-ht- 
.-.ff corps. Nov. 20, 18fil, he made a most 
brilliant and successful dash at the head of his 
rest, upon Drancsville. Me subse„uei.tv 
served m the army corps of (^.en. McI W f 
n"<I in the army of V„., „„,|e, G n w" 
After the battle of Antietam, he com. a caiaTvi 
bn^^de in the advance of the armv, with whi4 
he di,l excellent scrvK-c. inakinu' fivniient dashe« 
.mo the cnemv-s lines, and drivin-' them on 
the saps of tiic Blue Uidge ; chief of ",v^ 
nrmy-eorps: ciign-ed in the battles of'Ced'ur 
Mountain, 9 Auff. 1862. .Manassas, An- "7- 

PrM iT- • ^-- '!" ""^ "tlache.1 to Gen 
brmiklin s com. at the attack on FreUericks- 



- BAY 

PI,'?f^.ff'?','^Vi''' ^^"'TO''. ■•"atcsman, b. 
Iliila.. 28 July, 1767 : ,1. Wilmin-ton, 1)c 6 
Ati^'. 81,5. X.I Coll I-Kj rTr If ' 

.1... . /. ,■ .^ "• ''**■•• Of HiiL'iienot 
dceen . ( )n the death of his father, Dr. J. A 
Bayard 8.1unc, 1770), be was received into the 

under Gen. Joseph Heed ; was a.lm. to the bar 
n 1-87; settlc.1 in Del., and mouind reputa- 
■on and practice. M.C. 1797il8ra, a,"^^ a 
eader ol the Federal party ; U.S. senator, 1804- 
13. liedisiin- himself in cmductin- the iin- 
peachmentol Senator Blount; contrib. power- 
fillv to the election of Jefferson over Burr in 
their me.norablc contest lor the Prcidencv: and 
in the debate winch preceded the ivpeal, in .Mar. 
180>,of the judiciary bill, disphived consum- 
mate ability in .Icfence of the system which 
was, however, overthrown. He'declinc.l the 
post of envoy to the French republic. len.lered 
hm, by Mr. Adams. I„ the senate, he opposed 
h. declaration of war with Great B.itaiu i„ 
,,:,.' o "' "* " commissioner to treat for peace 
iinder Uussian mediation, he left Phila 8 
May, 1813, arrived at St. Petersburg in July 
mid in Jan. 1814, proceeded to Holland, lie 
afterward visited Enj;., and with his eollea-ues 
Messrs. Adauis, Clay, Gallatin, and Rul"d I 
le-o latcd in Dc-c. 1814, at Ghent, the ircat^ 
lat bears the name of that place. Included in 
thecoinmrssion to make a commercial treatv 
with (,reat Britain, he was preparing 10 ^To 
Uicre, when an alarmin- illness caused him to 
return home, which he reached only to die As 
n lawyer and political orat6r, he' took hi-h 
rank. I is son J.vmes A. was U.S senator 
from Del.. 1851-64. Another son, Ric.vhd 
H, L.S. senator, 1836-9 and- 1841-5; c/;,„„rf 
to Bet-ium, 18.-,0; b. Wilmin-ton, Del, 1796- 

;'; ^ '",'••/ 'V'lr """'^- -^""' '"« "ife. •'«" "f 
t..^. HichanI Bassett, d. l.i Dec. 1854, a. 76. 
a&yaxa, Col. .Johv, mci-chant, and Revol 
patriot, b. CjH^il Co., .Md., II Au-. 1738; d.' 
,, "."'"f'!:^' N J.. - Jan. 1807. .Mcmbe; of 
the Kevol. Commiitee of Safetv; mnj. 2d Phih, 
batt., which he led at the battle of Trenton • 
many years speaker of the Pa. As.semblv ; mem! 
bu t)1d Congress in 1785; reinovcil in" 1788 to 

j"u'.l -!"',;'(" C P "'' "■'"''' •"= "'" '"">"'• ""J 
Bayard, Samukl, jurist (I76.5-I840), pub. 
.V l),:;cst of Cases „n the Law of Evidence," 

lj>li», and an "Abstract of the Laws of the 

Bayfield, IIiiVRV Wolsev. an English 
liyar..j;rapher, entered the navy in 1806 ; com 
atrunboatonthe Amer. Lakesin 1814- made 
surveys o( Lake Oimirio in 1815, Lakes Erie 

I823-.5, and of the Kivcr and Gulf of St. Law- 
rence m 1827, beinj; the first to make known 
he won.ers of the Sa-ueimv ; made capt. in 
1834, anil rearadmiral in 1856. His series of 
charts ot the above surveys are leadin- autlior- 

Bayley, .Matthias, remarkable for lon- 
jrcvitv ; ,1. ab. 1 789, a! Jones's Creek, a branch of 
lie I ch-e in North Carolina, a. 136. Ho was 
baptized at the a-e of 134. His eve.si-ht re- 
niaine, good, and he retained his strbn-th in » 
ffiieat degree, up to the time of bis deatn.— 
Ulate. 



BA.Y 



rs 



Bayley, Uicuvrd, M.D., phvsicwn and 
meiliiai writer, I). Fiiirlielil.Ct., 17-15; d. Stateii 
lilim.l, An;;. 17, 1801. Hiiviiij; fiiiisheil liis 
professional I'lliioalion in London, he settled in 
N.V. in 1772. The prevalence of thecroupin 
that eilv affordeil him an opportunity tor the 
display "of his skill and jud;,'n)ent, treating; ic 
in a new manner, as an intlammatory disease ; 
and, in 1781, his piihlieation, entitled " A View 
of the Croup," led to the adoption of his plan. 
In the autumn of 177.5, ha revisited Lomlon, 
where he en;;a^'ed in study and practice with 
the aid of Dr. Hunter; and, in the following 
spring, he returned to N.Y. as a surgeon in the 
English army, under Sir \V. Howe. This 
post he resigned in 1777, and passed the re- 
mainder of his life in practice in that city. In 

1787, he gave lectures on surgery ; in 1792, he 
was app. the first prof, of anatomy in Col. Coll. ; 
and, ill 1793, prof, of surgery, his fiivorite 
subject. In 1796, he puh. a treatise on yellow- 
fever, in which he is said to have ])roveil its 
local origin, repudiatin:,' the theory of contagion. 
He had previously been app. Iiealth physician 
of N.Y., and, in 1798, pub. his "Letters from 
the Health Office." Ho died of ship-lever. In 

1788, his house was broken into by the " Doc- 
tor's Mob," who destroyed his cabinet contain- 
ing his valuable colls, in morbid anatomy, he- 
sides some valuable preparations. To him the 
State of X.Y. is indebted for its quarantine 
laws. In 1781, he pub. "Angina Tracheatis," 
with the mode of cure, 8vo, N.Y. — Tharli"/: 

Baylies, Francis, lawyer and politician, 
b. Taunton, Ms., Oct. 16,J783; d. there Oct. 
28, 1852. After receiving an academical edu- 
cation, he practised law in Taunton. M C. 
1821-7; member of the State legisl. 1827-,'!2 
and in 1835; register of probate, 1812-20; 
dtargg d'affaires to Brazil in 1832. Author of 
a valuable history of Plym. Col., 2 vols. 8vo, 
1828, repub., with notes and additions by S. G. 
Drake, in 1 866. 

Baylies, Nicholas, judge, b. U.xbridgc, 
Ms., 1772; d. Lyndon, Vt., Aug. 17, 1847. 
Darttn. Coll. 1794. He practised law at Wooil- 
stock and Montpelier, and was a judge of the 
Supreme Court of Vt. in 1831-4. Author 
of " A Digested Index to the Modern Reports 
of the Courts of Common Law in Eng. and 
the U.S." 3 vols., 1814; and an " Essay on 
Free iVi^eney." 

Baylies, William, M.D., physician, b. 
Uxbridge, Ms., Dec. 5, 1743 ; d. Dighton, Ms., 
June 17, 1826. H. U. 1760. He established 
himself as a physician in Ditfhton, where he 
remained through life an e.\ceeilingly successful 
and popular practitioner. He zealously en- 
gaged in the political controversies of the times, 
was a representative of the town of Dighton ; 
a member of the 3 Prov. Congresses of Ms. 
in 1775, ser\'ing on several important commit- 
tees ; was also a member of the State conven- 
tion that ailopteil the Federal Constitution ; and 
State senator, 1783. He was for several years 
a judge of the C. C. I', for the county of 
Bristol, and for a long time register of probate 
for that county. M. C. 1805-9. Member of 
the j\cad. of Arts and Sciences ; of the Ms. 
Hist. Soc., and also of the Ms. Medical Soc., of 
which lie was one of the founders. His two 



sons, William and Francis, wore both disting 
lawyers and statesmen. 

Baylor, Col. Ueoroe, Rcvol. officer, b. 
Hanover Co., Va. ; d. 1784, at Barlmdoes, 
whither he had gone for his health. App. aide 
to Washington, Aug. 15, 1775; served at 
Trenton, and carried the news of that success 
to Congress, by whom lie was presenti-d with 
a horse caparisoned for service, and recom- 
mended for promotion. Made col. of dragoons, 
Jan. 8, 1777 ; surprised and dangerously 
wounded on the night of Sept. 27, 1778, at 
Tappan, N.Y., by (jen. Grey. 87 of his men 
were butchered in C4>ld blood, and the remain- 
der, with himself, captured. He served to the 
close of the war, and was esteemed an officer 
of bravery and merit. 

Bayly, Tii<).mas Henry, M. C. from Vn., 
b. Accomac Co., Va., 1810; d. there June 22, 
1856. U. of Va. Son of Thos. M. (1773-7. 
Jan. 18.34. M.-C. 181.3-15. N. J. Coll. 1794.) 
He came to the bar in 1 830. At the age of 25, 
he was chosen a member of the Assembly, and 
was re-elected for five years in succession. Ho 
was elected by that body a brig.-gen. of militia ; 
was judge of the Circuit Superior Conrt until 
1844, and M. C. 1845-56. He was for a time 
chairman qf the house Committee of Ways and 
Means. He lived and died on the spot where 
his English ancestors lainled in 1666, and where 
thev establi>hed tlie family home. 

Beach, Ahhaham, D.D. (Col. Coll. 1789.) 
Prot.-Kpis. clergyman, b. Cheshire. Ct., Sept. 
9, 1740; d. Sept! 11, 1828. Y. C. 1757. Ho 
was ord. by the bishop of London in ,June, 
1767. Rector of X. Brunswick, N.J. , until 
1783; assist, minister of Trinity Church, N.Y., 
1783-1813. He pub. " Ilearii'ig the Word," 
and a " Funeral Sermon on Dr. Chandler," 
1790. 

Beach, Moses Yale, invent, and pub., b. 
Wallingford, Ct., Jan. 7, 1800; d. there July 
18, 1868. Exhibiting in his boyhood some 
mechanical skill, he was apprenticed to a cabi- 
net-maker at Hartford, subseipicntly went into 
business for himself at Northampton and 
Springtield ; manufactured a gunpowder en- 
gine for propelling' balloons, and endeavored 
to introduce stcaiiinavi;.Mtion on the Con- 
necticut, between Hartlbnl and Springfield. 
His plan was executed by others, his inventive 
skill enabling them to take a steamer over 
what had before been deemed the insurmount- 
able Enfield Falls. He next devised a rag- 
cutting machine, now in general use in paper- 
mills; then cnga;;ed in the manufacture of 
paper in Ulster Co., N.Y., but lost during the 
7th year all he had before made. In 1 8.35, he 
removed to New York, became interested in the 
Sitn newspaper, the pioneer of the penny press, 
of which he soon made himself sole proprietor. 
Durini.' the Mexican war, he was sent to Mex- 
ico by Pros. I'olk, as an agent, to arrange a 
treaty of [leace. The negotiations, however, 
when nearly concluded, were broken off by a 
false report that Santa Ana had annihilated the 
army of Gen. Taylor. Mr. Beach retired from 
business in 1837, and returned to his native 
town. 

Beall, Ben.ia.min Lloyd, col. U.S..\., b 
D.C. ;d. Bait., Aug. 16, 1863. Son of Maj. Beall 



BKA 



74 



of Mil. ; a))|). cadet, Jan. 1814; cnpt. Wash. 
City Vols, for the Florida war, June 1, 18'i6; 
cupu 2d I)ra>;oons, June 8, 1836; brev. major, 
March I J, 1837, " for ),'allantry in war against 
Florida Indians ; " maj. 1st Dragoons, Feb. 1 6, 
1847 ; lirev. lieut -col., •■ for j^allant eonilnet in 
battle of Santa Cruz de liosules, Me.\.," Mar. 
16, 1848 ; lieut.-col. Mar. 3, 1855 ; col. 1st Cav- 
alrv. May 13, 1861 ; retired Feb. 15, 1862.— 

Beall, Gen. Rkazix, d. Wooster, Ohio, 
Feb. 211, 1843, a. 73. App. from I'a. ensifrn, 
Mareli 7, 1792; batt.-adj. ami (('master, 17'J3; 
nerved under Wayne ; and was liri^.-;;en. of 
Ohio Vols, in Sept. 1812. He occupied various 
public »talion.s in Ohio, and was M.C., 1813- 
15. 

Beall, WiLLUM Dent, col. U.S.A., b. 
Mil. .1 755 ; d. I'rince Geor^te Co., Md., Sept. 24, 
1829; a maj. in the Ilcvol. army; distin;;. at 
Lon;; Island and at Camden, S.C. ; he was app. 
maj. 9ih Inf. Jan. 8, 1799; dcp.-adj.-^cn. and 
dept.-in>|).-t;en. April, I80lt; disbanded June 
15, 1800; lieut.-col. 5th Inf. Dec, 12, 18u8; col. 
3d Inf. Nov. 30, 1810 ; transferred, April, 1812, 
to 5th Inf. ; resigned Au;;. 15, 1812 ; he com. 
a rejrt. of niiliiia in the battle of Bladensbnrg; 
sherill' lit I'riiiie Ueorjje County. — Gardner. 

Beard, J.v.mes U., anist, U. Buffalo, 1815. 
James, his lather, removed to Painesville, O. ; 
d. there ab. 1827, leavinj; a wife and 5 small 
children p nniless. With little teaching, he 
made himself a portrait-painter, settled in Cin- 
cinnati, and was nmny years a leading ariist in 
the West. lie painted Harrison, Clay, Taylor, 
and. J. Q. Adams. Araoni.' his compositions 
are " Toe Long Bill," " The Land Speculat- 
or," and the " North Carolina Emigrants." — 
T,i,-bnn,m. 

Beard, W.m. H., artist, bro. of James 11., 
h. l';iinrsville, ()., ab. 1824. At the age of 21, 
be Incline a peripatetic portrait-painter ; settled 
in Buffalo in 1850; visited Europe in 1858-60, 
and after the loss of his wife, to whom he 
had been recently united, in the latter year set- 
tled in N.Y. City. He brought with him a few 
humorous pictures, " The Astronomer," " The 
Owl,"" Bears on a Bender," and " Grimalkin's 
Dream." Ilis other pictures are " The Guar- 
dian of I he Flag," "In and out," " Little Bed 
Riding Hood," " Christmas Eve," " Raining 
Cais and Dogs," " A Bird in the Hand," and 
" Dance of Silcnus." — Tuc/.etmaii. 

Beardsley, Samuei., LL.D. (Ham. Col. 
1849), a N.V. politician, lawvcr, and judge, b. 
Otsego Co., X.Y. ; d. Utica, jJ.Y., May 6, 1860. 
He studied law in Rome, Oneida Co., where ho 
practised until his removal to Utica in 1825; 
(list. ntty. of Oneida Co., 1821-5; was State 
senator in 1823; U.S.di^t. atty. for the north- 
ern district of X.Y. in 1827-31 ; M.C. from 
Oneida Co., N.Y., in 1831-6 and 1843-5 ; and 
shairinan of the judiciary committee; atty.- 
gen. of N.Y., 18.37 ; app. judge of the Sup. 
Court of NY., 1844, and chief-justice in 1847. 

Beasley, Frederick, D.I)., Pr.-Ep. clcr- 
gvm in and writer, b. near Edenton, Js.C, in 
1777; d. Elizabctblown, X.J., Nov. 2, 1845. 
N.J. Coll. 1797. He was a tutor in that insti- 
tution in 179S-18IIO, and, in 1801, was oni. 
deacon, and took charge of a parish iu Eliza- 



bcthlown.X.J. After being rector of St. Peter's 
Church, Albany, N.Y., and co-rector of Christ 
Church, Baltimore, he w;us, in 1813, a])p. pro- 
vost of the U. of Pa., filling also the chair of 
Mental Philosophy. Here he pub., in 1822, 
" A Search of 'I'ruih in the Science of the 
Human Mind," a work in defence of the phi- 
losophy of Locke. After 15 years' connection 
with this university, he took charge of the Ep. 
Church in Trenton, N.J., and, while there, 
pub an examination of ( haniiing's arguments 
against the Trinity. In 1836, he returned to 
Elizubethtown. ifc also ]nili. "An Examina- 
tion of the Oxford Divinity; or, the Tracta- 
rian Controversy." — Ulakf. 

Beasley, Gen Natiuniel, pioneer of 
Ohio ; d. Knox Co., O., Mar. 27, 1835, a. 84. 
lie was a noted Indian tighter and scout, licing 
a large and powerful man; was in St. Clair's 
and Wayne's campaigns; nfter^yards settled in 
Chillicothe, O. ; was a member of the legisl., 
and a canal commissioner, and many years a 
maj.-gen. of militia. — .1. T. Goixlman. 

Beatty, Uev. Cuahles, Presb. minister, 
b. Co. Antrim, Ireland, ab. 1715; d. Aug. 13, 
1772, at Bridgeton, B.irbadoes. He came 
while young to Amer., engaged in trade, stud- 
ied theology under Wm. Tennent, was licensed 
Oct. 13, 1742, Old. Dec. 14, 1743, and succeeded 
Mr. Tennent at Neshaiiiiny, 26 May, 1743. 
In 1760, be visited Eng. to obtain aid for the 
Presb. clergy, their widows and ■ orphans. 
Sent to Va. and N. C. in 1754, he accoinp. 
Franklin in an exped. against the frontier In- 
dian', as chaplain, in 1755. He was often en- 
gaged in missionary labors among the Indians 
in Western Pa., and was esteemed for his piety 
and charity. His journal of a two-months' 
tour to promote religion among the frontier 
inhabitants of Pa. was pub. in London, 8vo, 
1768. — SjiriK/ne. 

Beatty, .John-, M.D., physician and sol- 
dier, son of Uev. Charles, b. Biuks Co., Pa , 
Dee. 10, 1749; d. Trenton. N.J.. Mav 30, 
1826. N. J. Coll. 1769. He stn.lied medi- 
cine with Dr. Uush, but joined the army early 
in the Rcvol. contest, ami, in Sept. 17f6, had 
attained the rank of lieut.-col. in the Pa. line. 
At the capture of Fort Washington, he was 
taken prisoner. Severe treatnient greatly im- 
paired his health ; but, having been exchanged, 
he was app.. May 28, 1778, to succeed Dr. Bur- 
dinot as comnnssary-gen. of prisoners, with 
rank of col., which post he resigned Mar. 31, 
1780. He then settled as a physician in 
Princeton ; was adclegate to the Old Con^-ress 
in 178.3-5; was frequently a ineniber of both 
branches of the State legisl., and speaker of 
the house ; was a member of the convention 
that adopted the Federal Constitution ; and was 
a member of Congress in 179.3-5. From 1795 
to 1805, he was sec. of State for N..T. He su- 
perintended the erection of the bridge across 
the Delaware at DIoomshury, and, in 1815-26, 
was piTs. of the Trenton Bank. 

Beauharnais (bo'-iir'-na), Ale.\., Vis- 
count, a French gen., b. Martinique, 1 760, guil- 
lotined at Paris, 23 July, 1 794. He serN'cd as a 
maj. under Rochambean in the Amer. Rcvol. 
war. Dep. from Blois to the siaies-gen., ho 
was one of the first to j 'in the tars &at ; bo- 



BEA 



BE^ 



came pres. of the National Assemhly ; j;en. of 
division in the army of the Rhine in 1792 ; 
minister of war in 179-1; falsely accused of 
having promoted the surrender of Mentz, he 
was condemned by the revol. tribunal. Jose- 
phine, his widow, became Empress of France. 
Eugene, his son, made by Napoleon viceroy 
of Italy, d. 1824. 

Beauhamais, Charles, Marquis de, 
natural soil of Louis XIV., l'Ov. of New France, 
1726-46, was an able and efficient officer. He 
had been distMig., am! held the rank of com- 
modore in the navy. On the breakini;-out of 
war with Enj;., he" fortiKcd and stren.;theneJ 
the country,«nd built the fortress of Crown 
Pi>int. — Murqan. 

Beaujeu (l)o'-zboo') Htacinthe Mabib 
L DK, a French officer, who c >m. and was 
killed at Braddock's defeat, at the battle of 
Monongahela, 9 July, 1755; b. Montreal, 9 
Au(r. 1711. He bad attained the rank of 
capt. and the Cross of St. Louis, for ser- 
vice in the navy. In 1733, he obtained the 
seigniory of La Colle, on the Chambly ; suc- 
ceeded Contrecceur at Ft. Du Quesne, in 1755, 
and planned ihe ambuscade which destroyed 
the army of Braddock. 

Beaiijour (bo'-zhoor'), Lolis Fki.ix, de, 
author and diplomatist, b. I'rovence, 1765 ; d. 
July 1, 1836. He entered the diplomatic ca- 
reer in 1788, and was successively see. of lega- 
tion at Munich and Dre.sden, and consul-gen. in 
Sweden and Greece. Afterwards see. and pres. 
of the tribunate, he wrote two remarkable tracts 
ou the treaties of Luneville and Ainiens In 
1804, he was app. consni-gcn and clian/^ (T- 
affnires to the U.S. While here, he composed 
a work, which, on his return in 1814, he pub. 
with an admirable map, under the title of " A 
Sketch of the U.S. at the Commencement of 
the 19tb Century." He was made consul-gen. 
of Smyrna in 1816, insp.-gen. of the French 
establisliincnts in the Levant in 1817, and, rc- 
turnin;; lo Fratice in 1819, was rewarded with 
the title of baron. 

Beaumarchais (l«j'-mar-sha'), Pierre 
AcGCsris Cako.n, de, b. Paris, Jan. 24, 
1732; d. May 19, 1799. He gave striking 
proof, while young, of the possession of me- 
chanical ami musical talents; assisted his fa- 
ther in watchmaking, and afterwards became 
teacher of the harp to the daughters of Louis 
XV. He laid the foundation of his immense 
wealth by a rich marriage. In bis celebrated 
lawsuit against Goesman, be exhibited all his 
talent ; and his " .Memoirs," pub. at Paris in 
1774, entertained alt France. "The Barber 
of Seville" and " The Marriage of Figaro" 
have given him a permanent reputation. In 
his memoir, " Mes Six jSpoqites," he relates the 
dangers to which he was expo.sed in a revol., 
where a celebrated name, talent, and riches 
were sufficient causes of proscription. As 
early as Sept. 1775, he had submitted to the 
king a memorial, in which he insisted upon the 
necessity for the French (jovt. to come secretly 
to the assistance of the Colonies against Eng. 
As an agent of the French ministry, he passed 
part of 1775 in Eng., where he had interviews 
wiih Arthur Lee. By letters, representations, 
and adroit flattery, he brought over Maurepas, 



and obtained secretly from the French Govt. 
1,000. OOil livres,an e<iual sum from Spain, and 
arms and ammunition from the public arsenals, 
on condition that he would pay for or replace 
the same. Under the firm of Hoderique Hor- 
talez & Co., early in 1777 he forwarded 3 ships 
with 200 pieces of ordnance, 25,000 muskets, 
200.000 lbs. of gnni)Owder, and other ammu- 
nition. He bad also engaged more than 50 
officers, among them Pulaski and Steuben. 
He continued hi3shi|imeiits, until, in the begin- 
ning of 1779, the U.S. were indebted to hiui in 
more than 4,000,000 francs. The final balance 
of this claim, ah. 800,000 francs, was not paid 
until 1835. The transaction, far from having 
been profitable to him, resulteil in losses, which 
he was enabled lo withstand, through govt, aid, 
an<l successful speculations of various kinds. 
The aid furnished by Beaumarchais was of in- 
calculable advantage to the Aiuer. cause. The 
recent hiogiaphy of this remarkable man, by 
M. de Lomenie, discloses the falsity of Arthur 
Lee's .statement to Congress, that this aid to 
Amcr. was a gift : it was not so. The ship- 
ments of Uodcrique Hortalez & Co. were to 
be re-imbursed by return-cargoes of rice, to- 
bacco, and indigo; and the falsehood of Lee 
placed Silas Deane in the position of a man 
tiying fraudulently to obtain payment for a 
gift, and prevented Beaumarchais from furnish- 
ing further aid, by cutting off his means of 
doing so; since he had already far exceeded 
the capital loaned him by France and Spain. 
S' e De Lotnenie, " Beauinairhais and his 

Beaumont de (deh-bo'-mon'), de la 
Botiuiere, Gustave Aoguste, a French 
advocate and writer, b. depart, of Sarthe, Feb. 
6, 1802; d. Paris, Feb. 2i, 1866. In 1831, he 
was commissio'ned, with DeTocqueville, to visit 
the U.S., and examine its penitentiary systeiu. 
Their report, " Du Si/xt'eme Penitentiaire aux 
Stats Unis et (le son A/jplication en France," 
has become a standard work on the subject. 
Beaumont also wrote " Marie, on de i'Esclavage 
auT Ehii-i Unis," which has been translated and 
reprinted in the U. S. He was a member of 
the chamber of deputies in 1840, of the con- 
stituent assembly, 1848, and was app. ambassa- 
dor to Eng. by Gen. Cavaignac. He was a 
grandson of Lafayette, and, in 1836, he ra. a 
grand-dau. of the marquis. He was imprisoned 
for opposition to the roup d'ilat of Dec. 2, 
1851. He wrote in IS39 " L'Irlande, Sociale, 
Pulili'im', i-t /it^it/ieuse " (2 vols., 1839). 

Beaumont, William, .M. U., a celebrat- 
ed physician, b. Lebanon, Ct., in 1785; d. 
St. Louis, Apr. 25, 1853. After completing 
his medical education at St. Alban's, Vt., in 
1812, he was app. assist, surgeon in the U. S. 
army, in which he served until 1837. In 1825, 
while stationed at Michiliniacinac, he became 
acquainted with the Canadian St. Martin ; and 
it is to hi-, experiments with this man, that Dr. 
Beaumont is indebted for his wide-spread fame. 
A gun.shot wound in the side of St. Martin, 
healed without closing up, so that the stomach 
was exposed to observation ; and Dr. Beau- 
mont made careful experiments for several 
years upon the processes of digestion. The 
result of his observations, pub. in 1838, shed 



76 



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new li|,'ht upon this most interesting oml 
iinporiiint subject, and is the only nuthority, 
ba<c<i on actunl observation, in tbiit lirnneli of 
science. After leaving the army. Dr. Beau- 
mont |iriKtiscil his profession at St. Lunis. 

Beauregard, I'kter Gustavus Toc- 

TAN r. ^'cu. C S.A., b. on his father's plantation, 
near X. Orleans, 1817. West Point, 18.38. 
Eiitcriut; "'C 's' An., he was transforreil to the 
engineer corps ; became 1st lieut. in 18.39, and 
in the Mexican war won the brevets of copt. 
at Contreras and Churubusco, and maj. at 
Chapultepec, where he w.is twice wounded. 
He was present at the capture of the city of 
Mexico, and received another wound at the 
Belen (iate. Capt. Mar. 3, 18.53. After the 
war, lie had charfje of the construction of the 
N. Orleans mint and custom-house, and of 
the fortitications near the mouths of the Mpi. 
Resignin;; hit commission Feb. 20, 1861, he 
joined tiie rebel army; was made brig.-een., 
conducted the attack on Fort Sumter, and, in 
June, took com. of the army at Manassas. 
July 21 , he trained the battle of Bull Run, and 
was the same day promoted to be gen. C.S.A. 
Mar. 5, 1862. he took com. of the army of the 
Miss., uniler Gen. A. .S. Johnston, who joined 
him at Corinth, ab. Apr. 1, and directed the 
battle of Shiloh until he was killed, Apr. 6; 
after which, Beauregard held the chief com. 
Fortifying himself at Corinth, he held the army 
of Gen. llalleck in check for nearly 2 months, 
and, when forced to retire, did so with slight 
loss. He was soon after relieved, at his own 
request, on account of ill health. In Aug., he 
rcceiveil the com. of the military dept. com- 
posed of S. C. and Ga. Jan. 31," 1863, he is- 
sued a proclamation, as gen. coni'g in S. C, 
that the blockade of Charleston harbor had 
been raised. This canard was so(m disproved ; 
but he successfully defended Charleston against 
Dahlgren and Oillmorc. In May, 1864, he 
joined Lee at Richmond ; com. at Petersburg 
in June; took com. of the military division of 
the West, Oct. 17, and com. at Charleston, 
S.C., in the following spring; but. on Gen. 
Sherman's approach, retired to N. C, and 
united his forces with those of Gen. J. K. 
Johnston, who surrendered soon after to Sher- 
man. 

Beck, Charlks. Ph. D., LL.D. (H. U. 
186.i), .scholar, b. Heidelberg, Germanv, Aug. 
19, 1798; d. Cambridge, Ms., Mar. 19, 1866. 
Educated at the U. of Berlin, he studied theol- 
ogy also; was ord July, 1822, and, in 1823, re- 
ceived his degree at Tubingen. He was some 
time tutor at the U. of Basle; but his republi- 
can sentiments endangei'ed his liberty, and. in 
1824, he ciinie to New York. He soon con- 
nected hiin-elf with the Round Hill School, 
Kortliam|iton, but in 1830 established a school 
at Phillpstown, on the Hudson, opposite West 
Point. From 1832 to I8.iO, he was prof, of 
Latin language and literature at Cambridge U. 
He pub. in 1863 "The Manuscripts of the 
Satyricon of Petronius Arbiter, de.-eribcd and 
collated." He was a member of the Oriental 
Society, and of the Acad, of Sciences ; was 2 
years in the State Icgisl., was a man of en- 
larged views and great public spirit ; and was 
specially interested in the soldiers' fund, the 



sanitary commission, and the organizations fbi 
the care anil olucation of the freodnien. 

Beck, Gkokok, painter and poet, b. Ene., 
1749 ; d. I^xington, Ky., Dec. 24, 1812. He 
was app. prof, of mathematics in the Royal 
Acad, at Woolwich in 1776, but lost the office 
for neglecting its iluties. After coining to 
Amer. in 179.i, he was emploved in )>ainting 
by Mr. Hamilton of the \Voodland8, near 
Phila. Besides original poetic pieces, he trans- 
lated Anacreon, and large portions of Homer, 
Virgil, and Horace. He pub. " Observations 
on the Comet," 1812. 

Beck, Joiis Bkodhkai), M.D., b. Sche- 
nectadv, Sept. 18, 1794: d. Rhinebcck, N.Y., 
Apr. 9, 1851. Columb. Coll. 1813. Bro. of T. 
R., Nicholas, I.,ewis, and Abraham Beck. Ed- 
ucated by his uncle, Rev. John B. Romeyn of 
Rhinebeck. He commenced practice on the 
completion of his medical studies, in 1817, and 
became disting. In 1822, with Drs. Dyckman 
and Francis, he established the .V. Y. SIkI. and 
Phi/s. Journal, of which he was 7 years chief 
editor. In 1826, he was app. prof.' of materia 
inedica and botany in the Coll. of Physicians 
and Surgeons, but subsequently exchanged the 
chair of botany for that of meilical jurispru- 
dence, which, together with that of materia 
medica, he continued to hold until his death. 
Physician of the N. Y. Hospital, 183.5-45. He 
pub. "Medical Essays," 184.3, and, with his 
bro. T. Romeyn Beck, produced the great 
work on " .Medical Jurisprudence," 1823. Al- 
so author of " Infant Thera|>eutics," 12mo, N. 
Y., 1849; " Hist. Sketch of the State of Medi- 
cine in the Colonies," 18.50. — See Memoir, by 
V. H. Gilmiin, in Gross's Med. Bioy. 

Beck, Lkwis C, Ml)., chemist, b. Sche- 
nectadv, N.Y., Oct. 4, 1798; d. Albanv, April 
21,185.3. Un. Coll. 1817. Bro. of .John B. 
and Theod. Romeyn Beck. Adm. to practise 
medicine in Schenectady in 1818, he resided in 
St. Louisin 1820-21, and afterward settled in 
Albany. Prof, of botany in the Rensselaer 
School. 1824-9; prof, of "botany and chemis- 
try in the Vt. Acad of Med., 1826-32 ; gave a 
course of chemical lectures at Middleb. Coll. in_ 
Apr. 1827 ; mineralogist of the survey of N. Y. ' 
in 1837. In 18.30, he was app. prof of chem- 
istry and natural history in Rutgers's Coll., and, 
at the time of his death, was prof of chemistry 
in the Albany Med. Coll. He pub. " Account 
of the Salt Springs at Salina," 1826; "On 
Adulterations,' 12mo, N. Y, 1846 ; " Botanv 
of the U. S.," and of the " U. S. North of Vir- 
ginia," 12mo, 1848; " Mineralogy of N. Y.," 
4to, 1842; " Illinois and Missouri (lazettecr," 
8vo, 1823; "Chemistry," 1831. For a com- 
plete list of Dr. Beik's writing's, .««<■ Mimoir, 
bi/ Alden Mur,h in Grais's Med. biu). 

Beck, Pacl, a philanthropic merchant, b. 
Phila. ab. 1760: d. there Dec. 22, 1844. His 
father emigrated from Nuremberg in 1752. 
The son was apprenticed to a wine-merchant, 
served in the militia during the Revol., and, at 
its close, began a highly-siiecesstui bnsinesn- 
carecr, accumulating a very large fortune. Ho 
was long port-warden of Phila., one of 4he 
founders of the Pa. Acad, of Fine Arts, prcs. 
and a liberal iK'iiefactor of the Deaf and l)umb 
Institution, one of the originators, and subse- 



BKC 



77 



BED 



quently the pres., of the Amer. S. S. Union, 
ami was a liberal contrib. to literary, religious, 
and chiirirnblc objects. 

Beck, TiiEouoRic RoMEV.v, M.D.,LL.D., 
meilical prof. aiiJ auilior, b. Sehenecta'ly, X.Y., 
11 All-. 1791 ; d. Utica, X.Y., 19 Nov. 1835. 
Un. Coll. 180". He slmlioJ medicine under 
Dr. Hosack, obtained his degree in 1811, be- 
gan practice in Albany, and in 1813 addressed 
the Albany Socieu- ol' Arts upon the mineral 
resources of the U. S., believed to be tlie first 
pub. systematic account of Amer. minerals. 
App. in 1813 prof, of the institutes of medicine, 
and lecturer on racd. jurisprudence, in the Coll. 
of Pliys. and Surgeons in Western X. Y. ; prof, 
of med. jurisp. at Fairfield Med. Coll. in 
1826-36, and, from 1836 to 1840, prof of mate- 
ria medica ; prof of materia medica in the Al- 
bany Med. Coll. 1840-.34; principal of the Al- 
bany Acad. 1817-48; made pres. of the State 
Med. Society in 1829; a manager of the X. Y. 
State Lunatic Asylum, and in 1834 elected 
pres ; a founder and active supporter of the Al- 
bany Institute, and some years its pres ; mem- 
ber of many learned .societies, and an earnest 
promoter of all philanthropic enterprises. His 
statistics of the deaf and dumb influenced the 
State leiiisl. to take measures for their educa- 
tion. He edited lor many years the American 
Journal of Lisanili/, and in 1823 pub. his fa- 
mous work on "Medical Jurisprudence," — a 
standard work in Europe as well as in America. 
He also pub. many addreiises, reports, and con- 
tribi. to scientific journals. — See Memoirs, by 
F. U. Iluuilton, in Gross's Med. Biofj. 

Beckwith., Sir George, an English gen., 
b. 17.33 ; d. 20 Mar. 1S23. He served as adj. 
of grenadiers in the unsuccessful attack on 
Fort Moultrie; was at the battles of Brooklyn, 
White Plains, Brandywine, Monmouth, and 
the capture of Fort Gnswold ; became a capt. 
in May, 1777, and aide to Knyphausen, and in 
June, 1782, became aide to Carleton, whom he 
accomp. to Canada in 1786. Adj -gen. in N. 
Amer. in 1793; col. 1795; gov. of Bermuda, 
1798-1803, and afterwards of St. Vincent's ai,d 
Barbadoes; and, in 1809-10, captured all the 
French W. Indies. Made full gen. 4 June, 
1814, and com. -in-chief in Ireland in 1816-20. 

Beckwith, George C, D.D., Cong, cler- 
gyman, d. Boston, 12 .M.iy, 1870, a. 70. A 
founder of the Amer. Peace Society ; 33 years 
its corresp. sec. ; editor of its magazine. The 
Advocate nf Peace, and devoted his whole time 
and mind to the cause. 

Bedard, Pierre, Canadian jurist and pol- 
itician, b. Quebec, 1703; d. 1827. One of the 
first native Canadians adin. to the bar, leader 
of the opposition to Gov. Cr.iig in the As- 
sembly, and one of the founders of Le Caiia- 
dl'ii, newspaper. Ho was imprisoned for some 
violent attacks upon the executive in this jour- 
nal, and, after his release was long a district 
judge. — Morqan. 

Bedel, Col. Timothy, Rcvol. ofliccr, d. 
Haverhill, N.H., Feb. 1787. Originally from 
Salem, N.H., he settled in Haverhill, was a 
lieut. in Goffe's regt in 1760, and sen'cd in 
Canada. A|ip. capt. of rangers, July 6, 1773. 
Col. 1st N. II. regt. .Ian. 20, 1776, he joined the 
Northern army under Schuyler. While absent 



at Montreal on duty, his subordinate, Capt. 
Buttcrfield, surrendered in a most cowardly 
manner at the Cedars. July 30, 1776, he was 
ordered by Congress to be tried by court-mar- 
tial for neglectofduty. Hewas afterward maj.- 
gen. 2d div. X. H. militia. 

BedeU, Gregory Townsesd, D D., an 
eloi|ucnt cler<;vnian, b. Staten Island, Oct. 28, 
1793 ; d. Baltimore, Aug. 30, 1834. Col. Coll. 
1811. His mother was a si-ter of Bishop Moore 
ofVa. Ord. deacon, Nov. 4, 1814. In I8I5,lie 
became rector of the church in Hudson, and, 
in 1818, of that in Fayctieville, X C, when, 
after 3 years of successful labor, ill health in- 
duced him to come north. The Church of St. 
Andrew's, in Phila., was built for him, and was 
consecrated May 21, 1823. Here Dr. Bedell 
officiated till his death. His sermons were re- 
markable for simplicity and point ; and none 
could have heard him preach without remem- 
bering and appreciating the peculiarities of his 
oratory. He pub. " Cause of the Greeks," 
1827; "Ezekiel's Vision;" "Is it Well?" 
"It is well ; " "Onward, or Christian Progres- 
sion ; " "Pay thy Vows; ", " Henunciation ; " 
" Way Marks ; "" " Basket of Flowers ; " " Bi- 
ble Studies," 2 vols., 1829; "Religious Sou- 
venir," 1834. Thirty of his sermons were pub., 
with a Memoir by Rev. Dr. Tyng, 1836, 8vo, 
2 voH. 

Bedford, Gunning, Revol. patriot, mem- 
ber Old Congress in 1783-5; gov. of Del. 1796- 
7 ; d. Newca>tle, Del., 30 Sept. 1797, while in 
ofSce. B. Phila. Lieut, in the French war in 
1733; maj. 20 Mar. 1773; lieut.-col. in Has- 
let's regt., 19 Jan. 1776, and wounded at White 
Plains; muster-ra.-gen. 18 June, 1776. — See 
Life a^o. Read, bi/ \i'm. T. Reed, 1870. 

Bedford, Gunning, jun., cousin of the 
preceding, aUoa Uevol. patriot, b. Phila., 1747 ; 
d. Wilmington. Del., 30 Mar. 1812. N. J. Coll. 
1771. Practised law at Dover, and afterwards 
at Wilmington, Del. Member of the legisl., 
and atty.-gen. of the State ; member Cont. 
Congress, 1785-6, and of the convention that 
formed the U. S. Constitution; U. S. district 
judge from 1789 to his death. — Life of Geo. 
Read. 

Bedford, Gunning S.,M.D. (Rutg. Coll. 
1829), b. Baltimore, 1806; d. N.Y. City, 5 
Sept. 1870. Mt. St. Mary Coll. 1S25. Grand- 
nephew of the preceding. Prof at Charleston, 
S C, and afterwards in the Albany Med. Coll., 
but in 1836 went to N.Y., and obtained a 
hicraiivc practice. Prof of niidwilerv in the 
U. of N.Y., 1840-62. Author of " Lectures 
on the Diseases of Women and Children,'' 
" Midwifery," 1839, and has translated from 
the French, and edited, "Chailly's Midwifery," 
" Magrier's Anatomy," " Baudelocipie on 
Puerperal Fever," "Boi^seau on Cholera, &c." 

Bedinger, M.u. George M., Revol. 
officer, I). Va. ; d. Lower Blue Licks, Ky., ab. 
1830. One of the earliest emigrants to Ky., 
he served as adj. in the exped. against Chil- 
licothe in 1779, as maj. at the battle of Blue 
Licks in 1782, and did good service throughout 
the war as an Indian spy. He led a batt. 
from Winchester, Va., under St. Clair, in his 
e.xped. in 1791 ; was maj. of U.S. Inf from 
Apr. 1792, to Feb. 1793; was a member of tbo 



BKD 



78 



BEK 



Kv. Iciiisl. in 1792, and M. C. from 1803 to 
1807. 

Bedinger, Henry, politician, b. near 
Slu|,liinistown, Va., 1810; d. there Nov. 26, 
18.i8. Daniel his falhor, a Rcvol. soldier and 
a Dcmoc. leader, d. al>. 1820. He began to 
practise law at Shc(ilicrdstown at 22 ; was oftcr- 
wards a partner of his bro.in-!aw, Gen. Gcorfre 
Rust, at Cliarlcstown ; succeeded him as M. C. 
in 18-45-9, and, in 185.1-8, was minister to Den- 
mark, settling hy a treaty the vexed question 
of the Sound <Iues. He was a popular and 
etreelive speaker. 

Bee, 15.VH.N.VRD E., brig.-gcn. C.S.A., b. 
Charleston, S.C, ah. 1825; killed at the battle 
of liull Uun,.July2I. 1861. West Point, 1845. 
Entering the 3d Inf, he was brev. for gal- 
lantry at Cerro Gordo, where he was wounded, 
and for Chapultcpec, where he was one of the 
storniing-pariy. 1st lieut. 1851 ; cnpt. 10th 
Inf. Mar. 3, 1855, and, being ordend to Utah, 
was acting licut.-cul. of u batt. of vols, from 
Dec. 1857, to Sept. 185S. lie resigned Mar. 3, 
1861, and was aj)]). brig. -gen. in the rebel 
army. 

Bee, JnDGE Thomas of S.C, n Revol. 
patriot ; member of the Assembly, speaker of 
the house of reps., member of the privy 
council ; judge of the State courts ; member 
of the council of safely ; lieut. -gov. ; meml>er 
of Ccnliuental Congress, 1780-2, and finally 
judge of the district. .Sufiered greatly in prop- 
criv bv the war. lie pub. " Reports of the 
Dist. C.mrt of S.C." 1810. 

Beebe, Bez.\lekl, Col,, a Rcvol. officer, 
b. Litclilield, Cl., Apr. 28, 1741 ; d. there May 
29, 1824. In 1 758, he joined Rogers's Rangers, 
and was engaged in the sanguinary tight in 
which Putnam was captured, and shared in the 
reduction of Montreal. Capt. in Jan. 1776, 
he was app. to Ilinman's regt , and was made 

Srkoucr at the capture of Kort Washington, 
laj. in Aug. 1777, liavingjust been exchanged ; 
lieut.-col. 1780; col. early in 1781 ; and was 
soon after ajip. to the command of the Ct. 
troops raised for the defence of the sea-coast. 
From Oct. 1781 to 1795, he was frequently a 
member of the State Icgisl. Ilis son Kbcnezer, 
mai. U.S A , d. in the service during the War 
of 1812. 

Beecher, Catharine Esther, eldest 
dau. uf Kcv. Lyman, b. East Hampton, L.I., 
Sept. 6, ISOO, received her earl v education at 
LitehlielJ. The death of Priif Visiter of Yale 
Coll., to whom she was betrothed, was a severe 
blow, from which she sought consolation in a 
life of activity. In 1 822-.'i2, she conducted a 
female sem. at Hartford, and prejiarcd tor the 
press a manual of arithmetic, 1830, and ele- 
mentary books of instruction in theology and 
moral philosophy. In 1832, she accomp. her 
father to Cincinnati, where, for 2 years, she was 
at the head of an institution for female in- 
struction. She has for many years employed 
herself in developing a plan for female Chris- 
tian education, to be promoted through n 
national board, with high schools and normal 
schools to provide a sufficient supply of well- 
instructed teachers. Among her writings in 
this cause are " Domestic Service," " The 
Dutv of Amcr. Women to their Country," 



" The Tntc Remedy for the Wrongs of tVo- 
man," 1851; "Treatise on Domestic Econo- 
my," a work on "Physiology, and the Comliiion 
and Habits of American women," 1856, and i 

the first vol. of a course on theology and moral 
philosophy. She has also pub. " Housekeeper's 
Receipt Book," " Suggestions on Education," 
1829; "Letters on Difficulties in Religion," 
1836; " The Morallnstructor," 1838; Memoir 
of htr brother. Rev. George Beecher, 1844; 
" Truth Stranger than Fiction," 1850; Phys- 
iology and Calisthenics," " Letters on Health 
and Happiness," 1855. 

Beecher, Charles, son of Dr. Lyman, 
b. 1810. Ord. 1844 pastor of a church at 
Newark, N J. ; settled at Georgetown, Ms., 
since 1857. He has pub. a popular vol., " The 
Incarnation, or Pictures of the Virgin and her 
Son ; " " Review of the S]iiritual Manifesta- 
tions," 12mo, N.Y., 1853; "Pen Pictures of 
the Bible," 1855. With bis brother Henry 
Ward, he prepared the "Plymouth Coll. of 
Hymns ami Tunes," 1856. 

Beecher, Edward, D.D. (Marietta Coll. 
1841), eldest son of Rev. Lvman, clergvman, 
b. 1804. Y. C. 1822. He studied divinitv al 
Andover and New Haven ; was tutor at V.C. 
in 1825, pastor of Park-st. Church, Boston, 
1826-31; pres. III. Coll., Jacksonville, 1831- 
44 ; pastor of Salcm-st. Church, Boston, 1846- 
56 ; now ])astor of a church in Galesburg, III. 
He has jaib. " Conflict of Ages." 1854, " Papal 
Conspiracy," 1855, a work on "Baptism," 
12nio, 18JU, and " Riots at Alton," 1838. 

Beecher, Henry Ward, a ])opular orator, 
and minister of Plymouth Church, Brooklyn, 
N.Y., son of Rev. Lvman Beecher, b. Lit'cli- 
field, Ct., June 24, 1813. Amh. Coll. 18.14. 
He studied theology under his father at the 
Lane Sem., Cincinnati, and was first settled in 
1837 as Presb. minister at Lawrenceburg, Ind. 
In 1839, he removed to Indianapolis. In 184", 
he became pastor of the Plymouth Church. 
He visited Eng. in the summer of 1863, and 
rendered important scn'ice to his country by 
his eloquent vindication of its policy in the war 
for the Union. In Apr. 1865, at the request 
of the govt , he delivered an oration at Fort 
Sumter, on the anniversary of its fall. Be- 
sides Occasional addresses, he is the author of 
" Lectures to Young Jlcn," editor of " The Ply- 
mouth Collection of Hymns," also one of the 
founders of the liiil'/mid nt, a weekly religious 
newspajier of N. Y. Two vols, of these contribu- 
tions have been collected under the name of the 
" Siar Papers." Fragments from his discourses, 
entitled " Life-Thoughts," and " Notes from 
Plymouth Pulpit," have had a wide circulation. 
He has also pub. "Eves and Ears," 1862; 
"Freedom and War,'' 1863; "Norwood," a 
novel of New-England life, 1866; and "Ser- 
mons," 2 vols. 8vo. He is a popular lecturer; 
and, as a preacher, he nildresses himself with 
vigor aiul cftect to the hearts aiul understand- 
ings of his hearers. He opposed thein-iitution 
of slavery, and. in the presideulial contest of 
1856, took an active part in favor of the Repub- 
licans, not only with bis]>en,but by addressing 
mass meetings throughout the Northern States. 
— .■^ee .Vci of our Time, hi/ 11. B. Ston-f. 

Beecher, Lvman, 1) D., an eminent Prcsb 



33KL 



clergyman, b. N. Haven, Ct., Oct. 12, 1775 ; (i. 
Urooklyii, N.Y., Jan. 10, 1863. V.C. 17117. 
He sluiliej theolojiy under Pres. Dwiglit; was 
pastor (i( the <huri;h in E. Hampton, L.I., from 
IK'C. I7'J8 [o 1810 ; of tlie first Cluircli, Litch- 
field, Ct., Irom 1810 to 1828 ; of the Haiiover- 
si. Church, Huston, from I8:!6 to 1832, and of 
tile .Second Cliurcli, (/iiicinnati, () , in connec- 
tion with liie presidency of the Lane Thcol. 
Sem. tlierc, from 18.'i2 to 1851. Returning to 
Uoston, he preached occasionally, hut removed 
to Urooklyn in 1855, where he cjided his days. 
In Litchli'eld, he aided in organizing the Mis- 
sionary, the IvJucation, and the Amer. Bihle 
Societies. In the theological controversies 
wliich led to a ilivi^iun of the Presb. Church in 
1 S.J 7-8, he took an active part, though free from 
bitterness, llis forcible preaching, his strong 
views in regard to evangelical truth, and his 
boldness in denouncing laxity in regard to the 
standard of Christian ortliodo.xy, made a deep 
impression on the- public mind. He was the 
moot widely known, and the most influential, 
preacher in the country, from 1815 to 1851. 
Ho was conspicuous in tlie temperance move- 
ment, and pub. a famous scries of sermons on 
intemperance, which greatly aided the cause. 
His numerous publications, mostly sermons, 
include a vol. on " Political Atheism." His 
Autobiography, and a selection of his works, 
edited by his sou Charles, were pub. in 1865, 
in 2 vols., 12mo. His works, 3 vols., 8vo, were 
pub. Boston, 1352. All his sons became Cong, 
clergvmcn ; viz , William, Edward, D. U., 
George (d. 1343), Henvy Ward, Charles, Thos. 
K., and .James. The daughters are Catharine 
E. and Harriet (well-known authors), Mary, 
and Uabcl.a. 

BeSChey, rnEDnmc William, Briiish 
navigator, h. London, Feb. 1796; d. there Nov. 
2'J, 1856 Son of the painter, Sir Wm. He 
entered the inivy nt the age of 10, and saw 
service at New Orleans ; a lieut. in 1815; in 
1818, he sailed under Sir John Franklin on his 
first voyage of arctic discovery, acting as artist 
to the c.\pcd. In 1819, he accomp. SirEdward 
Parry in " The Hechi," in his first arctic voy- 
age. In 1821, he was commissioned, with his 
brother, H. W. Bcechey, to survey the north 
coast of Africa Irom Tripidi to Derne. Made 
a com., he sailed in 1825, in "The Blossom," 
on another arctic exped., via Cape Horn, to 
act in concert with Franklin and Parry, and, 
having passed Behriug's Straits, arrived in 
Aug. 182G, at a point north of Icy Cape, reach- 
ins in boats 71° 23' 31" N. lat., and 156° 21' 
30" W. long. He pnb. a narrative of this voy- 
age in 1 831 . Beechey subset|uently discovered, 
ill 1827, two secure harbors south-east of Cape 
Prill e of Wales, and near Behriug's Straits, 
which he named Port Clarence and Grautly 
Harbor. In 1829-39, he was employed in mak- 
ing surveys of the coasts of S. America and 
Ireland In 1854, he was app. rear-adm. of 
the blue, and in 1855 was chosen pres. of the 
Kov. (ieog. Society. 

Behetn, Martis, geographer and navi- 
gaio., b. Xurcnibcrg, ah. 1430; d. Lisbon. July, 
1506. He studic<l uslroiioiny and maihcina- 
tic-9 ; went In 1477 to Flamlers, and in 1480 to 
Lisbon, where he is said, by Hcrrera, to have 



sustained Columbus's view of a western passage 
to India. In 148'l, he was app. a coiiiinis. for 
calculating an astrolabe and tables of declen- 
sion. Ne.Kt year, he was cosmograjiher to the 
e.xpcd. to the W. const of Africa. In 1486, he 
established a Flemish folony nt Fayal, and in 
1490 returned to N_ieniberg, where he con- 
structed a terrestrial globe, on which historical 
notices were written, and which is a valuable 
memorial of the discoveries and geog. knowl- 
edge of the time. The discovery of Fayal is 
claimed lor Behem in 1459, and of Brazil 
in 1484 (8 years before the voyage of Co- 
lumbus). 

Bebring) Vitus, a Danish navigator, well 
known for his shipwreck and death on an 
island still disting. by his name, b. Horscns, 
Jutland, 1680 ; d. Dec. 8, 1741. In his youth, 
he made several voyages to the East and West 
Indies. He made, in 1725, an exped. to the 
Northern Sens, to discover an overland passuge 
to America. He served in the Uussiaii navy, 
and, in 1728, was intrusted by Peter the Great 
with an exped. to ascertain bow far the coast 
of Amer. extended towards the east, but made 
no discoveries of consequence, cither in this or 
the two subsequent voyages for the same govt, 
in 1730 and 1741. In the last of these at- 
tempts, he was shipwrecked and lost in the 
straits, and on the island which retain his 
name. He became a commodore in 1732. 
Though Behring's exped. terminated so unfor- 
tunately, the linding of this i.--land led to the 
discovery of others abounding with valuable 
furs, and (inally to that of the Aleutian Isles : 
it is also the foundation of the claim of Russia 
to that part of America. 

Belcher, Sm Edwakd, arctic exjilorer, 
grand-oil of Judge Jonathan, b. 1799. Entered 
the ICnglish navy, 1812; ]ire.-cnt at the battle 
of Algiers; com. "The JEtnn," 1830; "The 
Teiror," nnd " The Erebus," 'or arctic service, 
in 1833, and "The Suljihur " in 1836-42; 
knighted in 1843; capt. of"Thc Samiiraug" 
in the E. Indies, 184.)-9; com the exped. in 
search of Sir John Franklin, 1852-4; admiral, 
1801. Author of several narratives of his voy- 
ages, and other works. 

Belcher, Joxathax, a colonial governor, 
b. Cambridge, Ms., Jan. 1682 ; d. Elizabeth- 
town, N.J. , Aug. 31, 1757. H.U. 1699. Son 
of Andrew, one of the council of the province, 
who d. in 1717 ; and grandson of Andrew, who 
lived in Cambridge in 1640. His education 
was carefully superintended by his father. 
Visiting Europe, he formed an acquaintance 
with the Princess Sophia and her son, after- 
wards King George 1., which laid the founda- 
tion of his future honors. After his return 
from a six-years' sojourn, he was a nieivhant 
of Boston, a member of the Prov. Assembly, 
then a member of the council, and in 1729 
was sent as agent of the province to !■ ng- 
land. This |)osition, according to Hutch- 
inson, was not attained by him in a very 
creditable manner. In 1730, he was app. 
gov. of Ms. and N II. He was superseilcd 
in 1741, in consequence of the violent clamor 
at;ainst him. He succeeded in vindicating him' 
8' If at the British court, and took the govt, of 
N.'i., where he arrived in 1747, and where he 



BKr. 



80 



BKL 



possud the rcmaiiulcr u( h'n life. IIu extciulud 
the cliiii'lcr o( N.J. Cull., was its cliicf piitrua 
anil iKiiutactur, ami rviiUered einiiicC service 
to the Stale. 

Belcher, Jonathan, jurist, b. Boston, 
July ;it<, 1710; U. Ilalil'ux, March 29, 1776. 
U.ij. 1728. Sonof Gov. Jonatliiiu. llestudied 
law at the Temple, Loudon, and attained some 
cmincnvo at the Knf;li!>h bar. He was one oT 
the first settlers of Chebuilo, alterwanls ealled 
Ilalit:i.\, and bein;^, in litiO, senior councillor, 
was, on the death of Guv. Lawrence, «pp. lieut.- 
gov., in which office he was sncceedeil by Col. 
Wiluiot in 1703; app. chiel-justice in 1761, 
and in the same year, as com. -in-chief, made a 
treaty with the Miramichi, Miemac, and oilier 
tril)e.s of Indians. Andrew, his son, a disiinj^. 
citi/.i'ii of llalifa.\, was ineiuber of the council, 
ISUI. 

Belcher, Joseph, U.D., clergyman and 
author, b. liirininghani, ICng., April 5, 1794; 
d. I'hila., July lu, 1859. lie lame lo this 
country in 1844. His pulilications number 
nuarlv 20il. Among them are lives of 
Whiiefieid and IJobert Hall, " History of Uc- 
ligious Deuoininaiions of U.S.,*' 1835; " Bap- 
tist Manual," " Sketches IroinLife," "I'oetical 
Sketches of Biblical Subjects," " The Clergy 
of America," 185.') ; " The Baptist I'ulpit of the 
U.S.," 1830. He furnished many of the biog- 
raphies for the Anicr. I'ortrait Gallery. His 
la^t book was " A History of Hymns and their 
Auihors." 

Belgrano, Manuel, a South-American 
palrioi, b. liuiuos Ayres ; d. 1820. His par- 
ents, w ho emigrated from Italy, were wealthy ; 
and their son, after completing his education at 
the U. of Salmanea, was app. sec. of the con- 
sulate at Buenos Ayres, and became popular. 
Ho entered zealously into the measuro of de- 

1>osing the Viceroy Cisueros. in May, 1810. 
{ui>ed to the rank of gen., he com. iin uiisuc- 
ees^ful cxped. against Paraguay. Sept. 4, 1S12, 
Belgrano gained a victory over the royalist 
gen. I'io Tristan at Tucuman.and on ilie lyih 
Feb. following obtained another victory over 
him at Salta, but imprudently released Tris- 
tan anil his troops upon their parole, which the 
Spaniards dishonorably violated. In conse- 
quenceof this. Gen. I'czuela.wiih ihe very same 
troops, added to others collected in Peru, at- 
ta.ked and defeated him at Vilcapuzio, Oct. I, 
181'), and again at Ayuma in the same year ; 
and San Martin .succeeded him in the coin. 

Belknap, Jeke.my, D.l). (II. U. 1792), 

clergyman and historian, b. Boston, June 4, 
1744; d. ihere June 20, 1738. H. U. 1762. 
He studied theology, taught school 4 ycai-s, 
was pastor of a cliuivh in Dover, Nil., from 
Kcb. 18, 1767, to 1786, and of the Federal-st. 
Church, Boston, Irom April 4, 1787, until his 
death. He founded the Ms. Hist. Society in 
1791 ; was an overseer of Harvard U., and was 
a useful member of many literary and Immune 
societies. He was a warm friend of the Uevol. 
and of the Federal Constitution, an opponent 
of African slavery, and a promoter of literature 
and science. Besides numerous sermons, he 
pub. a " History of New Hampshire," 3 vols., 
8vo, 1 784-92 ; a collection of Psalms and 
Hymns, 1 795 ; "Aincricau Biography," 2 vols., 



8vo, 1794-8 ; " The Foresters," a work of wit 
and humor, descriptive of American manners; 
a century discourse on the Discovery of Amer- 
ica, 1792; " Dissertations upon the Character 
and Hesurrection of Christ," 1793, 12mo; and 
contribs. to the Culumbian and Liuslon mag- 
azines, the Hist. Coll.s., ami the newspapers of 
the day. His historical writings are charac- 
terized by extensive information and research. 
He was highly esteemed as a preacher. A 
Memoir, with selections from his corresp., was 
|)ul). by bis grand-dau. in X. V., in 1847. 

Belknap, William Goi.i>s.mith, brev. 
brig.-gen. U.S.A., b. Newburgh.N.Y., Sept. 14, 
1794; d. Fort Wachita, Tex., Nov. 10. 1851. 
Made a lieut. 23d Inf Apr. 3, 1813 ; disiing. 
and wounded in the sortie from Fort Eric, 17 
Sept. 1814; capt. 1 Feb. 1822; brev. maj. 1 
Feb, 1832; maj. 8ih Inf. 31 Jan. 1842; and 
Mar. 15, 1842, brev. lieut.<ol. for good con- 
duet in the Florida war. He was with Gen. 
Taylor on the Hio Grande ; was brev. col. for 
services in the battles of May S and 9, 1846, 
and was presented with a sword by Iiis fel- 
low-townsmen of Newburgh. Acting insp.- 
gen. at the capture of Monterey ; licut.-col 5lh 
Inf. Sept. 26, 1847 ; brev. brig -gen. 23 Feb. 
1847, for Biiena Vista. From Dec. 1848 to 
May, 1851, he was in com. of Fort Gibson. In 
1828-9, Capt. Belknap established Fort Leav- 
enworth near the site of the thriving city of 
that name. 

Belknap, William Wobtii, sec. of war, 
1869, b. lo., 1831. N.J. Coll. 1848; Princeton 
Jlil. Coll, N. J. Served through the Kcbcllion, 
and, in the campaigns of Tenn. and Ga., com. 
a division. Coll. of revenue in Iowa, 1866-9. 

Bell, Chaiiles H., rear-udm., b. New York, 
Aug. 15, 1798. Midshipm. June 18, 1812; 
lieut. Mar. 28, 1820; com. Sept. 20, 1840; 
capt. Aug. 12, 1854; coiiimo. July 16, 1862; 
rear-adm. July 25, 1866. He was in Decatur's 
squadron in 1813-14. in that of Chauncy on 
Lake Ontario, in 1814, and in Decatur's, in 
the Mediterranean, in 1815; in 1824, com. 
schooner "Ferret" in the W. Indies; wascap- 
sized nt sea, and remained 21 hours on the 
wreck; attached to "The Erie" in 1829; as- 
sisted in cutting out the pirate schooner " Fed- 
eral " from the forts at (iiiadaloupe, W. I.; 
com. Norfolk nnvy-vard. I860; com. Pacific 
.squad. 1862-4; N. V. navv-vard, 1865-8.— 

Bell, Henry H., rear-adm. U.S.N., b. N.C. 
ab. 1808; drowned at the mouth of Osaka 
Kiver, Japan, Jan. 11,1868. Midshipm. Aug. 4 
1823 ; lieut. Mar, 3, 1831 ; com. .\ug. 12, 1834 , 
capt. 1861; commo. July 16, 1862; reur-iulm. 
July 25, 1866. His first service was in " The 
Grampus." in clearing the coast of Cuba of 
pirates. He com. one of the vessels of the E. I. 
squadron, which, in Nov. 1856, captured and 
destroyed the four barrier forts near Canton, 
China. Assigned to the Gulf ."qnadron in 
1861, he took an active imrt, as fleet-captain, in 
the capture of New Orleans and the siege of 
Vicksburg, and did essential service in the 
coast blockade. He was for a time, in 1863, in 
com of the West Gulf squadron; and, when 
Adm. Thatcher was ordered to other duty, its 
com. again devolved on him. In July, 1865, 



BEX. 



81 



BEL 



he was ordered to com. the E. I. squailron, 
and was very active iii piuiin^ down the pi- 
rates that infested the Chinese seas. In 18G7, 
he was retired, l)ut had not been relieved when 
he was drowned. 

Bell, Jamks, lawyer and statesman, h.Fran- 
ccstovvn, N.M., Nov. '1.3, 1S04; d. Gillord. N.II., 
May 26, 18.')". Bowd. Coll. 1822. Son of Gov. 
Samnel. lie studied law wiih his hro. Samuel 
1). Bell, and at the law school nt Litchfield, 
Ct. ; in 1825, was adm. to practise in Oilman- 
ton, N.II., and ah. IS'U removed to Exeter, 
where he praetiscd till IS+G, when he removed 
to GIHbrd. In 1846, he was elected to the 
N. H. Icgisl. from Exeter ; in 1830, a member 
of the State-Const. Conv. from Gilford : and in 
18.13. he w.ns eleeted by ilio le;^i^l. to tlic U. S. 
senate. 

Bell, Jons. Rov. N. II., 1S29-.30; d. Ches- 
ter, N.II, 22 Mar. IS.'iG, a. 70. Bro. of Gov. 
Sam'l Bell. Mmy years a merchant in Ches- 
ter; councillor uf the State; and sheritF of 
Rockin:;ham Co., 182-3-8. 

.Bell, JoiiK, statesman, b. near Nashville, 
Tonn., Fob. 15, 1797; d, there Sept. 10, 1869. 
U. of Nashv. 1814. lie studied law ; was adm. 
to the bar in 1816, and settled at Franklin, 
Williamson Co. In 1817, he was elected to 
the Slate senate; was JI. C. in 1827-41, offi- 
ciating during one term as speaker; was sec. 
of war in IS4I ; was in 1847 a member of the 
Tenn. legisl., but, before the close of the year, 
was elected to the U. S. senate, and was re- 
elected in 1852, serving from time to time as 
chairman of important committees. lie was 
the Union candidate for Pres. in 1860, Mr. Ev- 
erett being on the ticket for vice-pres. In Con- 
gress, he was an earnest advocate of the policy 
of protecting American industry, an<l uf im- 
proving the great rivers anil lake harbors. He 
opposed nullification, favored the reception of 
petitions fi>r the abolition of slavery in the 
District of Columbi;i, opposed the policy of an- 
nexation, favored the compromise measures of 
18.'>0, and protested against the passage of the 
Nebraska Bill in 1854. He took decided ground 
against the so-called Lecom]>ton Constitution, 
and in an elaborate speech charged that that 
measure tended directly to the overthrow of the 
Union. Mr. Bell was one of the very few 
Southern men whose course was wholly na- 
tional in character. 

Bell, LuTHKii V, JI.D., I,L D., physician, 
son of Gov. Sanil. Bell of N.II., b. Chester, 
N.H., Dec. 20, 1806 ; d. in camp near Build's 
Ferry, .Md., Feb. 11,1862.^ Bowd. Coll. 182.3. 
He stuilied medicine in N.Y City with an elder 
bro., received his degree from the Hanover Med. 
S-liool.and began practice in N.Y. Afterwards, 
removing to his native town, be became eminent 
as a surgeon and as a medical writer, gaining 
2 Boylston jirizcs l>efore he was 30. The es- 
tablishment of the State Lunatic Hospital at 
Worcester, Ms., caused him to advocate a simi- 
lar in-litution for N. II. ; and he was superin- 
tendent of the JleLean Asylum, at Somerville, 
Ms., from Jan. 1837 to 1856".' In 1845, he visited 
Europe for the trustees of the Butler Hospital 
for the Insane, at I'rovidenee, R.I. Dr. Bell 
was in 1850 one of the exec, council of Ms., and 
was a member of the Const. Conv. of 1853. 
6 



Pres. Ms. Med. Asso. 1857. He went to the 
seat of war as surgeon of the 11th JIs. regt., 
but was soon after made brigaile-surgeon in 
Hooker's division. Dr. Bell was the author of 
sever.il able professional works, and some polit- 
ical essajs, also of an investigation of alleged 
spiritual manifestations. 

Bell, Petkh llAXsnnoUGH, col., b. Va. 
Capt. Texas Ranger^, 1845-6, on frontier ser- 
vicj. Lieut. -col. of Hays's regt. mounted vols, in 
Mexican war, 1847-8; eol. of regt. for frontier 
defence, from July 1848, to Feb. 1849; gov. 
of Texas, 1 849 to" 1853; M.C. 18.5.3-7, after- 
ward judge of the Supreme Court of the State. 
— Cnrdnn: 

Bell, Samuel, LL.D., statesman and ju- 
rist, b. Londonderry, N.H., Feb. 9, 1770; d. 
Chester, N.II., Dec. 23, 1850. Dartm. Coll. 
1793. His ancestors were originally from 
Scotland, but settled near Londonderry, Ire- 
land, where his grandfather John was b., who, 
in 1722, emigrated to Amer. with his family, 
and settled in that part of N. II. known as the 
town ofjjondonderry, where he d. in 1742. He 
worked on his father's farm until 18, when he 
prepared himself for coll. After graduating, 
he studied law, and was adm. to practise in 
1796 ; member of the legisl. in 1804-8, occupy- 
ing the position of speaker; in 1807 and 1808 
was a member of the senate ; in 1809, a mem- 
ber of the exec, council; in 1816-19, judgeof 
the Sup. Court of the State; and in 1819-23, 
gov. Declining a re-election, he was a member 
of the U.S. senate from 1823 to 1835. He re- 
ceived the degree of LL.D. from Bowd. Coll. 
1821. Among his sonsvyere James, a celebrated 
lawyer, Sanil. Dana, LL.D, and Luther V, 
JI.D., LL.D. His youngest son. Col. Lewis 
Bell, b. 1836, d. of wounds nt Fort Fisher, 
Jan. 16. 1865. Brown U. 1853. lie began the 
practice of law, entered the army in April, 1861, 
as capt. 1st N.II. vols., and, at the lime of his 
death, was col. 4th N.H. vols., and acting brig.- 
gcn. 

Bell, Samuel Dana, LL.D. (D.C. 1854), 
jurist, b. Francestown, N.II., Oct. 9, 1798 ; d. 
Manchester, N.H., July 31. 1868. U.U. 1816. 
Son of Gov. Saml. Bell. He began to pr.actise 
law in Meredith, removed to Chester in 1820, to 
Concord in 1830,andfrom 1839 to his death lived 
in Manchester. He was a member of the Icgisl. 
in 1 825 ; solicitor for Rockingham Co. in 1 823- 
8 ; several years clerk of the legisl. ; commis- 
sioner to revise the statutes of N.H. in 1830. 
1842, and 1867; judge of the Police Court, 
Manchester, 1846-9; justice of the Superior 
Court, 1849-55; justice of the Supreme < ourt, 
185.5-9; chief-justice, 1859, to Aug. 1, 1864. 
He was one of the most eminent and profouml 
jurists of N.E., and an early and valuable 
member of the N.II. Hist. Society. Vice-pres. 
of the N.E. Hist. Gen. Society, "from 1859 till 
his death. 

Bellamy, Joseph, DD. (U. of Aberdeen, 
1768). Cong, minister of Bethlehem, Ct., 
from 1740 to his d , 6 Mar. 1790 ; b. N. Ches- 
hire, Ct., 1719. Y.C.1735. He was one of the 
most learned divines of the country, was a supe- 
rior preacher, and instructed many young men 
in divinity. His system of theology is similar 
to that of Jona. Edwards. His appearance was 



BEL 



comnmuJin;; ; and he possessed greiit wit nnd 
humor. During the grent revival of 1742, he 
preached in many places in N.Ii. and N Y. 
Author of "True Reli;;ion Delineated," 1750, 
"Tlieron, Paulinus, and Aspasio," 1759, and 
" Nature and Glory of the Gospel," 1762. His 
works were pub. in .I vols., 1811, and in 2 vols., 
ISJ:), wiih a Memoir by Dr. T. Edwards. 

Bellingham, Uicii.\rd, gov. of Ms., of 

wliicli he was an original patentee, b. in Eng. 
in 1592; d. Dec. 7, 1G72. lie was bred a 
lawyer; camo to Amer. in 16-34, and the next 
year was chosen dep.-gov. In 1641, he was 
chosen gov. in opp. to U'inthrop ; was re-chosen 
in 1654, and again in 16G6, alter the death of 
Endicoit, continuing in office for the remainder 
of his llle. He was long a prominent public 
man, was dep.-gov. 1.3 years, and gov. 10. In 
1664, he was made maj.-gen. ; and in that year 
the king sent four commissioners to regulate 
the alf lir-i of the province, ordering Bellingham 
and oiliers, who were obno.xious, to procecil to 
Eng , and answer the accusations against them 
in person ; but the Gen. Court, by the advice of 
the ministers, refused compliance, and main- 
tained the charter rights. His Majesty, how- 
ever, was appeased by the present of a shipload 
of masts. He was violently opposed to inno- 
vation in religious matters, and was cxceeiling- 
ly severe towards the Quakers, who atlirm that 
he died distracted. This is rendered probable 
from the fact, that he sulfv-rcd at times from 
temporary aberration of intellect. Ills sister 
Anne, widow of Wm. llibbcns, an assist., was 
executed as a witch in June, 1656. His will 
provided, that after the decease of his wilt', and 
of his son by a former wife, and his grand- 
daughter, the bulk of his estate should be spent 
for the yearly maintenance "of goodly minis- 
ters and preachers " of the true church, which 
ho considered to be that of the Congregaiion- 
alists. 

Bellomont, Ricuabd Coote, Earl, a 
popular c-ulonial gov., b. 1G3G ; d. N. V., Mar. 5, 
1701. His lather, Richard, was raised to the 
peerage for services in restoring Charles II. 
Richard was the first of his three sons ; was in 
parliament in 16S8, and in several succeeding 
ones ; but in that held by James II. at Dublin, 
in 1689, he was att.iinted, having been one of 
the first who went over to the Prince of 
Orange. He received his appointment early in 
May, 1695, but did not anive in X.Y., a place 
then remarkably infected with the two danger- 
ous diseases of an unlawful trade and practice 
of piracy, until April, 1698. Ho reached Bos- 
ton, May 26, 1699. He succeeded, by alTaliili- 
ly and condescension, in ingratiating himself 
with the people; wisely avoided all controver- 
sies with the legisl., nnd thus obtained a larger 
sura as a salary and as a gratuity than any of 
his predecessors or successors. He did niu.h 
to suppress piracy, and sent the notorious Capt. 
Kidd lo England for trial, the law here being 
insulBcient to execute criminals guilty of pira- 
cy. Soon after the May session of the General 
Court in 1700, he returned to N.V., where ho 
died. 

Bellows, Henry ^VIllT!^ET, D.D (H.U. 
l^=54). pastor of All Souls' Church, N.Y., b. 
Walpole, S.n., June 11, 1814. H.U. 1832; 



Camb. Divinitv School, 18,37. Ord. pastor of 
the I'irst Omg" Church (All Souls'), New York, 
Jan. 2, 1838. He was the principal originator 
of the Christian Iiviuirr-r, a Unitarian newspaper 
of N.Y. in 1846, and its chief contrib. until the 
summer of 1850. He is a ready cxtcm])ore 
speaker, and a popular lecturer, and has spoken 
and pub. much upon the prominent topics of 
the day, especially those of a social and philan- 
thropic character. He was a contrib. to the 
Chiistiaii Examinfr. In 1857, he delivered 
a course of lectures on " The Treatment of 
Social Diseases," before the Lowell Institute, 
Boston, nnd before the Dramatic Fund So- 
ciety of N.Y. an address since pub., entitled 
" The Relation of Public Amusenien;s to Pub- 
lic Moralitv, especiallv of the Theatre to the 
Highest Iiiterests of llumanitv," N.Y., 1857. 
In lt<6U, Dr. B. pub. in N.Y. "" Re-statements 
of Christian Doctrine in 25 Sermons," and h.is 
since pub. " The Old World in its New Face " 
During the war lor the Union. Dr. Bellows 
he!d the important post of head of the U.S. 
sanitary commission. In 1864, he supplied 
for a time the pulpit of his deccase<l friend 
Starr Kiu^', in Sin Francisco. — Unickinck. 

Belmont, Rev. Fr.in-cis Vachox de ; 
d. .Montreal, 1732. Of a disting. family in 
Burgundy, anil highly cducatol, ho abandoned 
biiiiiant pros|)eets at home to become a mis- 
sionary in Canada In 1G80, he took charge 
of the school connected with the Iroquois 
Mission at Montrc d, and at his own cost built 
a church there, of which he became pastor in 
1681. From 1701 to his d., ho was superior 
of the Seminary of Montreal. Author of a 
" IJisfoiiedi Canii'Ia," printed in the Colls, of 
the Quebec Lit. and Hist. Soe. — Cftlhi/han. 

Belton, Francis S., col. U.S.A., b. ild. ; 
d. Brooklyn, N.Y.. Sept. 10, 1861. App. 2d 
lieut. light dragoons, .March 27, 1812; pay- 
master, June 22, 1813; aide-de-camp to Gen. 
Gaines, and disting. in defence of Fort Erie ; 
assist. -adj.-gen. Oct. 18, 1814; assist. -insp.- 
gen. May, 1816; capt. 4th Inf. July, 1817; 
major 4tfi Art. Sept. 16, 1838; lieut.-col. 3d 
Art. Oct. 13, 1845; com. his rcgt. in the Val- 
ley of Mexico ; brev. col. for gallant conduct 
in battles of Contreras and Churubnsco, Aug. 
2U, 1847, and disting. in the capture of the city 
of Mexico; col. 4th Art. June 10, 1857; re- 
tired in Aug. 1861. — Armu Did. 

Benavides (l>ii-navce'-dCs), Alonso de, 
Franciscan friar, author of a memoir addressed 
to the King of Spain in 16-30, concerning the 
temporal and spiritual aftairs of New Mexico, 
the character of the country, and the nations 
inhabiting it, pub. Madrid, 4to, US leaves. 
When, in 1621, the religious establishment was 
erected by the provincial chapter into a Cus- 
totliu, Benavides was elected custodian. So 
successful was his admiuistr.ation, that, in 1627, 
the viceroy onlercd him to rejiort thercxin in 
))erson to the king. The result was the above 
memoir. — Om/ilinck. 

Benedict.DAviD, D.D.,b. Oct. 16, 1778. 
Setiled in the ministry in early life; pub., in 
1813, " Gen. Hl~t. of the Baptist Denora. in 
America and Other P.irts of the World," 2 vols., 
8vo, new and nilarged ed., N.Y. 18-38 ; " His- 
tory of All Religions," 12mo, 1824 ; " Poem d© 



BEN 



83 



be:n" 



Ikercil in Taunton." G Sept. 180"; " Fifty Years 
nmons the Bsptists," 1860. He preached, 
Oct. 16, 1870, at the age of 92, at Pawtueket, 
R. I. 

Benedict, Erastos Corvelius, LL.D. 

(Rut^'. Coll. 1865), author, I). Branford, Ct., 
Mar. 19, 1800. Wms. Coll. 1821. Son of* 
Rev. .Joel. T. He taught school ; was adni. to 
the bar in 1 824 ; became a trustee of schools in 
New York in 1842 ; a member of the Board of 
Education in 1850, and pros, for several years, 
resigning in 186.3. ^ince 1855, a regent of 
the U. of N.Y. Member of the eitv council in 
1840, and of the legisl. in 1848 and 1864. Au- 
thor of " American Admiralty," 1 850 ; " A Run 
through Europe," I860; "The Hymn of 
Hildebert, and other Medi;Eval Hymns," 1868, 
and many pamphlets, reviews, and addresses, 
including " The Beginning of America," an 
anniversary discourse before the N.Y. Hist. 
Soc. in 186.1. 

Benedict, Lewis, brev. hrig.-gen. U. S. 
vols., b. Albanv, N.Y., Sept. 2,1817; killed 
at the hittle of Pleasant Hill, La., Aiir.9, 1864. 
Wms. Coll. 18.37 Adm. to the Albany bar in 
1841 ; was city atty. in 184.')-6 ; judge advo- 
cate, 1847; surrogate of Albany, 1848-52; 
member N.Y. assembly, 1860. Made lieut.- 
col. 7;id N.Y. vols. Julie, 1861 ; ser\'ed in the 
peninsular campaign, and was captured at 
Williamsburg. Va. After several months' con- 
finement in Libhy and Salisbury Prisons, he 
was exchanged ; col. 162d N.Y. in Sept. 1862, 
and ordered to the Gulf, where he became acting 
brig.-gen. His bravery was conspicuous in the 
assiiulton Port Hudson, .June 14, 1863, where he 
gained his brevet, and in the Red River campaign 
at Pleasant Grove, Apr. 8, and at Pleasant Hill, 
Apr. 9, where he com. the .3d brig., 1st div., 
19th corps, and where he fell, while bravely 
leading a charu'c on the enemv. 

Benet, Stephex v., m.nj. U.S.A., b. Fla. 
West Point, 1849. Entering the ordnance 
depl., he was instructor in ordnance and gun- 
nery at West Point, 1861-4; brev. maj. and 
licut.-col. 13 Mar. 1865, and maj. ordnance 22 
Dec. 1866. Translator from the French of 
Jomini of "Campaign of Waterloo," 1853; 
author of" Military Law and Courts-Martial," 
1862. — CH/Ziim. 

Benezet, Anthoxy, philanthropist, b. St. 
Qucntin, France, Jan. 31, 1713; d. Pbila., May 
3, 1784. His parents, who were Huguenots, 
were driven from France ; spent some years 
in London, where they became Quakers, and 
came to Phila. in Nov. 1731. Apprenticed to 
a merchant, he found that trade excited too 
worldly a spirit, and articled liiuisclf to a 
?ooper, but in 1742 began to teach in the 
Trinity School, continuing to teach nearly all 
his life. His simplicity and .benevolence made 
him the idol of the poor. During the Revol., 
and the occupation of Phila. by the British 
troops, he was indefatigable in alleviating the 
sufferings of prisoners. His writings were com- 
posed chiefly with the view of inculcating the 
peaeefnl doctrines of the gospel in opposition 
to the spirit of war, to expose the flagrant injus- 
tice of slavery, and to fix the stamp of infamy on 
the traffic in human blood. He was the author 
of " A Caution to Great Britain and her Colo- 



nies, in a Short Representation of the Cahimitniis 
State of the Enslaved Negroes in the Briti>h 
Dominions," 8vo, 1 767 ; " .Some Historical Ac- 
count of Guinea, with an Inquirv into the Rise 
and Progress of the Slave Trade'," 1772 ; " OIi- 
servations on the Indian Natives of this Conti- 
nent," 1784 ; " A Short Account of the Society 
of Friemls," 1780; "Dissertation on the 
Christian Religion," 1782, and tracts against 
the use of ardent spirits. In 1783, he ad- 
dressed a letter to the Queen of England, on 
the subject of the slave-trade, soliciting her in- 
fluence on the side of humanity. By his will, 
he left his estate, after the decease of his wife, 
to the African school, in which he tauiiht the 
last two years of his life. There is a full and 
interesting memoir by Roberts Vaux, I2nio, 
N.Y., 1SI7. 

Benham, Henrt W., brev. maj.-gcn. U.S. 
A., b. Cheshire, Ct., ah. 1816. West Point, 
1837, first in his class. App. 1st lient. en- 
gineers in July, 1838; wounded at Buena 
Vista, Mexico, and l>rcv. capt. 24 May, 1848; 
assist. U.S. coast survey, Mar. 1853, and super- 
intended the construction of fortifications 
around N.Y. City; brev. col. 13 July, 1861, 
for Carricks Ford ; brig.-gen. vols, i 3 Ang. 
1861, and disting. at Rich Mountain ami Cheat 
Mountain Pass; at capture of Fort Pulaski, 11 
Apr. 1862; com. in attack on Secessionville, 
S.C , 16 June, 1862; com. engineer brigade. 
Army of the Potomac in 1863-4 ; maj. of 
engineers, 6 Aug. 1861 ; licut.-col. 3 Mar. 
1863; col. 7 Mar. 1867; brev. brig.-gen. 13 
Mar. 1865, for the campaign ending in Lee's 
surrender, and brev. maj.-gen. for galKint serv- 
ices in the Rebellion. Engaged in the construc- 
tion of harbor and coast defences of Boston, 
1865-7.— Culliim. 

Benjamin, Jcd.vh Peter, lawyer and 
])olitici;in. h. in St. Domingo, of .Jewish par- 
ents, in 1812. In 1816, the family emigrated 
to Savannah, Ga. The son entered Y. C, but 
left, without graduating, in 1827. He bcg.an to 
study law in N. Orleans in 1831, was clerk to 
a notary, taught school, and afterward m. Jliss 
St. Martin, one of his pupils. Adm. to the 
bar in 18.34, he was soon its leader in N. Or- 
leans. A Whig in politics, he was in 1845 a 
member of the State Const. Conv. U.S. sen.i- 
tor in 18.53-61, he attained pre-eminence in the 
southern wing of the Deraoc. party. He had a 
sharp controversy with JeflFerson Davis ; but a 
duel was prevented by an apology from the 
latter. He advocated the Kansas-Nebraska 
Bill in 1854, but subsequently insisted that the 
principle of popular sovereignty was set aside 
by the Dred Seott decision. Withdrawing 
from the senate Feb. 4, 1861, he was immedi- 
ately app. atty .-gen. in the southern confeder- 
acy. In Aug. 1861, he became acting sec. of 
war, and was see. from Nov. 10 till after the 
capture of Roanoke Island, Feb. 7, 1862, 
which caused his resignation ; and he was app. 
.sec. of State, to succeed R. M. T. Hunter. 
Mr. Benjamin was largely interested in the 
Tchuantcpec Railroail speculation, and n par- 
ticijiant in the so-called lloumas land-grant 
He is at jiresent (1871 ) a member of the Lon- 
don bar 

Benjamin, Park, poet and journalist, b 



mr,N 



HI 



HKN" 



ni'iiicram, A»({, II, IHilll; .1. N. Y. Citv, la 
K.'pt. IHIH. 'Iiin, Coll., llarHiir.l, ISU'.l.' Ilia 
I'lillirr, n N. KiikIiUI.U'I' oI' WiInIi .l.sn'MI, iv. 
■Iili'il iia II iiii'ri'liiuit III Di'iiiiriini. An illiu'sn 
in liU vDiitli, iiii|iiii|u'i'l)' trtMituil, t'liiiKi'il liini n 

Iii'i'iiwiiiKiit liiiiii'no'<ii ; and lu< nun Hcnl lo liin 
iitlicr'n lioiiiit III \ K., for iiioilinil ikIvIi'i', iiihI 
lo 111' I'll iinil I'll, llo miiillcil uviivi'iiniiil II. I'., 
lii'UIIII III |il'llrli»|i lliw in lttl^llnl III IM.'IJ, lliul 
«•«« (iiu> of llio iiii){iiial oditorn 111' tlio .V.ic- 
Kmihiwl Mwi. In IH;I(1, Im iTininnI ii> N. Y. ; 
ciliii'il, ill conni'i'llini wlili C. K. Ilntliniin, tliu 
.'Imrriiiiii Moiillili/ Mil),, iiiiil niiliKi'i|nonllv lliti 
Xni'-YMri: Willi lliiia.'o (irnlov. Ilii" wm.h 
••iiKiiKt'il Jiin. ISIO, in ciiiMuniiiiii wiili ICiim 
Siii>;i<iit anil It. \V. (irixwolfl, at cililnr iil' ilic 
AVic Wmlil, a oln'a|) vnvklv |H'ii<iilii'al, ft 
ypiii'.H iirtiT, 111' «iilil lin inti'iTsI in tlii" jinirnal, 
mill wan alli'i'waiil a Iwluror Imili in |ini»i' ami 
vi'i-i'. Hit |iiii'ni« liHvo nrvcr lii-i'ii rulliiti'il. 

DoUllor, I'liiMi', piinii'i'i' iiiiii inaiinrao- 
Miii'i .'I llii' Wi'ii, li, IMii'SliT Cii., I'a.. 17li;); 
il. ■:'.> .Iiil.v, IS.iJ. Ill' Hnivi'il ill ilio Iti'vul. ar- 
my iiiiili'i' liix ii'Iniivii, (ion. Wuvni'. In IT'.ia. 
Ill' croi'li'il a I'ni'yi' ill S|iiiii;{ tii\vii!<lii|), (Viiiiv 
I'o,, ami liy mi iIdIii); a«»li«U'il in ilovi'li)|iin|; 
llio inilli'ial wi'allliot lliiil ilinllit't. 'I'lit' Imr- 
uiikIi «r lli'll' linilo was ki'>''II1v imU'liU'il lo 
lilH I'lili'i'iniM' ami liln'ialiiy, lie was a iniy.- 
tit'ii. Ill' inililiii. 

BouUOtt, (Vvi.Kii r., i^iv. (if Dol., mill last 
Klli'viviiiK iillli'i'i' 111' lIli' Ui'l. l'0|;l. ill llio Iti'Vul. 
aniiy ; il. Wilininnlnii. IK'I., May 7, 1S.I11, n. 
TM. ° Mil lii'lil till' lank of inaj., anil wan vn- 
);a;:t'il ill till' lialili'H ul' Uiamlywini', Oi'iinan- 
tiiwii. anil Mi<niniMiili. (iiiv. I'ltim isa.'l to bin 
ili'aili. 

Bouuot, l>\vii>, iilivsloian, II. Kng., Oi'o. 
I. lilirt; il. Kowli'v, Jl'i.., I'VI.. .1. ITl'.i. Ilo 
lumtit'Hnoil liin U'l'lli'ainl tiin .soiisi'ii to tlii< nmi 
of III.'!. 111.1 will' wan UoluH'ca, ilaii. of Kivijvi' 
SiH'iii't'i', anil »i»ior nl' iIk< will' ol' Sir Win. 
riii|i-<; anil liin .sun Siii'ni-i'r look lliai iiaiiii', 
mill wan Mini ;;viv. ol Sis. 

DoUUOtt,'! VMKM (iKitiiON.riinniloranil |iim- 
prii'lor ol till' .Y. Y. //./^i/,/, li. ali. ITV-I, al 
Ni'vv Mill Ki'iili, in llanll'.liiiv, Si'.nlanil. Ilo 
wi'iil lo a Konian (Nilliiiiii' ni'in. al Aliinli'i'ii, 
iiiti-mliii); 111 lake iirili'rn in ilial iliiiiili ; Inn. 
aoiiiiK iiiiilor a nnililni iin|iiilM', lio I'lnliarkt'il 
tor Anii'r. in Apr. ISI1>. ami, arriviii); in llali- 
l'a\, kept M'liiiiil lor a livini;. Coinin); to llos- 
loii in ilio anininii of Islll. Iio In'oanio iiiMof- 
rt'iiiU-r in ilii' |iiili Imnsi' of \Yi>Hn ami l.illy, 
ami wniio ni'voral |iiH'iioal piwos In IS'ja, ho 
woni to Now York, oonmotoil liimsolf witli 
varioni pupi I'n, ami lioiaiiio a warm pariiMiii 
of ilio Poinoo. pariv in ilio oolnnina of ilio 
.Vrii'-Viul ("I'KnVi. llio .Yii/i'imii/ .li/iiNii/f, tho 
liii/uiitr, Cimrirr ohiI /iii/iii'iirr, Xtir-Yiuk- 
ilioli', /Vm«««/i^i,i,',i,i, at I'liilH., anil in Mav. 
IMft. Inmioil III" llr^l niim'ior of ilio .Wn'-Y'ik 
Uriiitil, w'illi wliioli jonriial liin iiaiiio lias siiii-c 

ln'On illoiUilll'll. ,N'|V .l/flHiMlS 11/'./. (.'. /uHHrM 

iiml Am 7ViHi,<. t-ii II JiiiiiHii/i',i(, N.Y,. ISW. 

BoQuott, Niiio i.TMAN, i.L. n. (l>, c. 

IX.M ), jiirlnl, 11, SliuiMn, Ol., ITIMi ; il. Taniitoii, 
Mn., 7 Jiilv, ISli.S, Yalo. I.>*ll, l.iiolif. Law 
Soliiiol. iVaotinoil law in l)urliii);liin. Vl, ; 
JiiiIko Vt, Siiii. roiirl, ls;l'.>-.^<l. Anlliorof 
" Voriiioni ,ln»i!oo," anil oilior Ujjal toxilKiok>. 



BonBon< I'ihikiit, I.I.I')., maipmnnn mid 
jiiri'.i, 11. N. Y. Ciiv. '.'I .Iniic, 17-1(1; d. .In- 
inaioa, I,. I., Aii«. •.'■1, IHM.'l. Col. l\ill. 17I1S. 
Ilo wari a inoinlior of ilio Iti'Vol. ooiiiinllloo of 
naloly ; wan a prolloioiii in ilio soionoo of plond- 
iiiL' : liolil a liiitli rank in jiirinpnulonoo ; was in 
♦ 777 aiip. Ilrni ntl.-Koii. of llio .Hmio ; wan alno 
a inonilior of ilio llr-.! Staio loainl. nl 1 777 ; onu 
of llio lliivo ooinminnionorn to nnpurinloiiil ilio 
oiiilmrkalion of tlio Torion for Nova Sooiia in 
.liiiio, I78.'l; doU'ttaio lo llio did Coinirosn in 
17m-,H; M. (', 17Sn-ii;i ami IHI.'l-lft; ro- 
Kont of tlio N. Y, II, ill 17,M!1-1W)'.' ; jiid'^a 
of Ilio Snpronio Coiirl of N. Y. 17<,)l-'lSUl, 
and of tlio I'. S. Cinnil Cmirt. Ilo roooivoil 
lilorarv liiniorn from II. I', in I8IIH. and fi-oin 
Darini Coll. in 1«11, Kirst j.ron. of tlio N.Y. 
Hint. Sooioty ; anilior of a" V iinlioaiioii of llio 
Capiorn of ' Miy. .Andre'." piili. Hvo, N. Y,, 
1,117, " Moinoir on Duloli Nainon of I'laoon," 
l.ilft. 

Bontloy, (1ii>k»n, n Kovol. noldior of 
ronnirkalilo lon^'oviiv, li. 17.M; d. Coiinlaiilia, 
()swis;o Co , N. Y ,'.Iaii. IS.'SS. 

Boutloy, Wll.l.l.vM, D.l).. iiiininlor, indi- 
lioiaii, and M'liolar, li. Itonion, .Inno »a, 17.M); 
d. Saloni. Doo T). l»\'X H. V. 1777, ami 
aflorivaidn Intor llioix'. Ord. ovor llio Swoiid 
Clinivli iii»Saloin, .Sojit. 24. I7!*.'l Kor all. •.>0 
yoiirn, lio odiloil llio /.'.imr llri)istrr, a Doiiioo. 
prim, Illn know loilpi wan nnooininonly o.xlon- 
nivu and viirionn. liin tlioolo|.Moal dinoonrnon 
worw iiiarkod liv a ftooil doal of fW'odoin ami 
oii-fjinalitv, inilioaliiiK I'nilarian nontiinonin. 
111.1 valniilito liliraiy and oaliinol lio lioipioallioil 
to (ho ooll. at Moai'lvillo, Ta., and lo tho .\mor. 
Alitiipiariaii Sooioty al Woivontor. llosidon 
norinoiis, ho pnli. a oollioiion of pnalnis and 
hyiiiiin. lliroo .Manonio addivsson, and a .MaMiii- 
io oinirtto, ami a hint, of Saloni, in lli^t. Colls., 
vol. vi 

Bonton, Thosim II hit. »tnlo«nian, li. 
mar llill>lioiim^-li, N.C.. Maroh U, 17.>iJ; d. 
\ViisUin^-ion. April 10, IS.^^!. Ilo nimliod 
Miiiioiimoat aKiamnnir sohooKnnd altorwards 
al Cliapol Hill I'., lint, liotoi-o lininliiin; hin 
nlndioi, roinovod to 'IViin. Ilo stndiod law. 
noon allainod oniinoiioo in tlio pivfo>nion. and 
M-rvoil Olio lorni in llio lo(;inl., wlioro lio pro- 
iiirod Iho panniiKO of laws n'forniinK tlio jiidi- 
oial Mi.toni. and i;iviiiu lo ^lavos llio Ih'HoIii of 
a ini'\ trial. Ilo Uvanio aido do-oaiiip (o (ion. 
.laok>oii, with wlioin ho ooiiiraotod a oloiu 
iniiinaoy, whioh wan .mdilonly tonnimitod liv 
an allVay with pinioU ami da>:^-r», In wliioli 
.10V0IV woiiiidn woro nivon and ivooivod, uiul 
whioh c.-'litiiiKod llioiii many yoarn. lio wan 
Old. of n Toiiii, n'({l IWnii iKv! 181 J to April, 
1813, and liont.-ool. .'I'lili Inf. Iitini 18l.'l lo 
I8IA. Uomoviiii; III 18l.i lo St. lAUiis, ho 
o.Nialillnhod Iho .r/i'j.«ouri /ii./MiVrr, also praoiin- 
in); law, ami took ifvi);oi'un$ pari in latorof 
llic adinisnion of Mo., nolwiihniamlitiK liomlav- 
oiy oon>liinlion. Ilo wan rowanloil liy a >oat 
in llio I'. S. Miiato, whioh ho hold for .'ioyoars. 
Ill thin IhuIv, hin oiior>;v, iron will, iminnirv, 
and nolf ivliaiuv plaood \iim in Iho trout nink. 
Ilo oppo.iiHl tho adniiiiintralioii of Mr. Adainn, 
hill ntmiiKly annporlod iIkmo of .laoknoii and 
Van llnroii. I |Kni iho U. S. liaiik i|iio.iiion, 
ho iiiavlo sovoial olaliurato >iiooohc.i ; and liil 



BKR 



8.3 



BSR 



opinions in favor of a specie currency procured 
for him the sobrii/ud of " Old Bullion." He 
was peculiarly the exponent and guardian of 
the interests of the West, and, by persistent ef- 
lort, .succeeded in liberalizing the policy of 
(.'ovuniuient in relation to the sale of public 
hiTiiU. The price was reduced to $1 .2.5 per acre ; 
and ill time other important changes, including a 
homestead law, were secured. He also procured 
the repeal of the tax on salt, and succeeded in 
throwing open for sale and occupation the 
saline and mineral lands in the hands of the 
(jeneral Govt., hitherto withheld. lie was 
the early and untiiiiig advocate of a railroad 
to the I'aeitic, did much to open up and pro- 
tect the trade with New Mexico, to establish 
military stations on the Missouri, to cultivate 
amicable relations with the Indians, and pro- 
mote the coininereo of our inland seas. He 
moved the expunging of the resolution of 
censure upon (ien. Jackson, and successfully 
carried his point. He opposed the boundary 
line of 54° 40', and caused the adoption of 
tliat of 49°. He supported the Mexican war, op- 
posed the Compromise Measures of 1851), think- 
ing the fugitive-slave law clause defective and 
ill-jiul,'ed ; warmly oppo-ed nuUitication, and, 
in 1850, was defeated for the senate by the 
ultra slavery men of his party. To break \i]) 
the ascendency of this party, Col. Benton, in 
1S52, announced himself a candidate for Con- 
gress, and was elected. Against the re])eal 
of the Mo. Compromise, he exerted all his 
strength, delivering a memorable speech in the 
house, that did much to excite the country 
against the act. He was defeated in 1854 by 
a combination of his old opponents with the 
new -Vmer. party, and stumped the State for 
g.jv. in 185G, but failed of an election. In the 
pie.-idential election of that year, he snpijorted 
Buchanan in opposition to his son-in-law Fre- 
mont. He then devoted himself to literary 
pmsuits. His " Thirty Years' View " was 
li.iished in 1854. He also pub. an abridgment 
of the debates of Congress from the tiMinda- 
tiiin of the government to 1856, and a review 
of the Ured Scott case. Col. B. was m. to 
K!i?.abeth, dau. of Col. James McDowell of 
Kockbridge Co., Va. 

Berckel, Puthk I. van, of Kotterdam, 
miiji^tcr from Holland to the U. S. ; d. New- 
ark. X.J., Dec. 17, 1800, a. 7G 

BerkoIe7t Ijhorgi;, Bishop of Cloyne, b. 
Kilerin, Iielaiid, 12 Mar. 1684; d. Oxford, 
Kug, 14 .Jan 17.5.1. Trin. Coll., Dublin, 
Kelloiv, in 1707. He had disting. himself by 
his " T'heory of Vision" (1709) and other 
pliilosophical writings, when, in 1724, he was 
made Dean of Derry. In 1725, ho jiub. " A 
I'roposal for Converting the Aborigines of 
America," received from George I. a charter 
lor a coll., and, embarking for America, arrived 
at Newport, U.I., 23 Jan. 1729. Finding at 
lenglli that his scheme was impracticable, he 
reliietanrly look his departure in Sept. 1731, 
tn.l, in 1733, was made Bishop of Cloyne. Ho 
gave his house, and a firm of 100 acres, as a 
beiicfaelion to Yale and Harvard Colleges, 
and gave to one of those colleges, and to sev- 
eral missionaries, hooks to the value of .£500. 
Ill his " Minute Philosopher," Berkeley at- 



tacks free-thinkers with great ingenuity and 
cfll'Ct. 

Berkeley, Sir William, royal gov. of 
Va-, 1G41-77, b. near London, ab. 1610; d. 
Twickenliani, July 9, 1677. Son of Sir Man- 
rice, and bro. of Lord John Berkeley of Strat- 
ton. He grad. M. A. at Oxford in 1629, 
travelled extensively in Kurope in 1630, and 
returned an accompiished cavalier and eouriier. 
In 1641, he was app. gov. of Va., arrived in 
Feb. 1642, and by some salutary measures, as 
well as by his prepossessing manners, soon 
rendered himself acceptable to the people. 
During the civil war in England, Berkeley 
took the royal side ; and Va. was the last of 
the possessions of England which acknowl- 
edged the authority of Cromwell. Ho mani- 
fested shrewdness as well as courage when the 
fleet of parliament appeared in the James 
Kiver in 1751, and ma<le terms satisfactory to 
both parties. Upon the death of " worthy 
Samuel Mathews," in 1659, Berkeley was 
elected to succeed him by the ])eople. He re- 
mained for a long time at the head of affairs, 
and only lost popnlarilv bv his extreme se- 
verity toward llw fdllnwi'i's of Nathaniel Bacon, 
to w"bo-e icbrilion his own faithlessness and 
obstinacy had given occasion. Many were 
put to death, and he was only restrained' by the 
remonstrance of the Assembly. Charles II. 
is re|)orted to have said, " The old fool has 
taken more lives in his naked country than I 
have taken for my father's murder." 'I'liron^h 
the influence of the planters, he was recalled, 
and d. before he could have an interview with 
the king. In his rejily to commissioners sent 
to inipiire into the condition of the colony, 
Berkeley saiil, " Thank God ! there are no 
free schools nor printing-presses; and I hope 
there will be none for a hundred years ; for 
learning has brought disobedience and heresy 
and sects into the world, and printing has di- 
vulged the.so and other libels." Ho wrote two 
plavs, and is the author of " A Description of 
Virginia." folio. 166:). 

BerkenbOUt, Jons, naturalist, b. Leeds, 
17.)0: d. April 3, 1791, at Bclfelsleigh, near 
O-xford. M. 1). of the U. of Leyden, 1765. 
In 1778, he was sent by the British Govt, 
with the commissioners to America, and was 
for some time imprisoned at Pliila., on suspi- 
cion of having been sent as a spy hy Ijord 
North, and of improper intrigues with the 
members of Congress at I'liila. He was re- 
warded, on bis arrival in Kngland, with a pen- 
sion. He wrote some botanical and other 
works, 

Bernard, Sm Francis, gov. of Ms,, and 
bencfaeior of Harvard Coll., b. Nettlehain, 
Lincoln (^j., Eiig., 1714; d. June IB, 1779. 
Educated at Oxford, where ho took hisdegreein 
1736. He wasasolicltorat Doctor's Commons 
when made gov. of N.J. in 1758. Ho succeed- 
ed Pownall as gov., arriving Aug. 3, 1760. 
The Stamp Act and other arbitrary measures 
aroused the hostility of the Colonies, not only 
to the crown, but to its local representatives. 
Bernard had no talent for coin'ilialion, and 
attempted to crush the spirit of freedom by 
causin.' troops to be sent to Boston. The 
attempt to obtain an alteration in the charter, 



tninsferrinK tlic ri;.'ht of cIcctiiiK the coiin.il 
from .1,. freneral court to tl,e .row,,, .l.ou!;", 
^rou^tht «,«,„ lm„ ,|,e indignation of ,1,^,1.0- 
p e, ,vas so p eas.ng ,0 ,he nnnistrv. that on 

OncoMl'l "'"',';" '""■' "'^'""^ -"".rone,! 
Unc of |„s last pubhc measures ivas the i.ro- 

oM 7' f '^^ '■"•■"7"' ™"" '" ™".-equcnee 
Jj". f ' "'n •'" ,'""''« l"'»i»io" for the sn,,- 
. fnen.l of hteiauMe, an,l pave a part of his 
l.hmry to Harv. Coll. The colleetio,, printed 
at CauihndKC in 1761, " PuIms H OrJulalis- 
contan.s several rle-iac pieces hvhin. in Greek 
and Latn, I„ ,752, he puh, ,|,e Latin Odes of 

fnd "IT 'Vr''- "''' ''^'•'' '''•""■^ °» "»-■ ■•■'"le 
am „i.vt. ot Aincnea, written in Boston in 1 763- 

8,werepn ..Lond.,1774. His other letters writ- 
ten lunne ,n confidence, were pub. in 1768-9 

E,w^r-^H^'*', f""r' "T'-^- l'"«-n>o..th, 
i-»^ . l.->b, d. London, Aov. 29, 1^)9 H;. 
hrst appearance was at Bristol in 17"74 He 

Th^n^'wl"' ''".'"«''•■"' "' "'^ Movent Garden 
I bcatie, uhere he first app. as Archer in the 
lioau.x Strataf;em ■■ in 1787, and succeeded 
E<lw,n ,„ many of his parts. Alter hein.^ ac or 
and mana.^er ,,, various theatres, he embarked 
fi"cu',':''R; "',"'', 'H '".'."'« '''^ *^"" "» Gold- 
The.,,,;. ^Y ? "" '" "•" Greenwieh-st. 

^un,ssee.<;f|i./jij;S;;r,s^s 

.en mmed ,„ the U. S., as actor, and ,nana"e 
of vano.is theatres, about 20 vears. He took 
final leave of the sta-re at Boston in ISoHn 

?"F;rwitr?''='^'^'''r''"«'^''^"'''"^ 

to Ln-. with his family, and died there in 

poverty. In his later years, he ,>repa red | i" 

Retrospections of the Staije," in' amusing 

pvodn,„on pub. in IS.'iO, in wh eh he «" "kled 

ur.uuati^t, b. Boston, Jan. I, 1803 

Bernard, G EX. Simon, engineer, b. Dole 
r.a,,.- . Apr. 28, 1779; d. Paris, Xov. .0 I8;i9 
LducatnlatthePolvtechnic School under I^ 
mos^ ,1 ii'- ■ "'"'""'«'■*- '"^ •"='""'0 one of the 

fi. » "" " ™'' '"^ »■"« emploved in 

^■;:;";;^r:^r:!:;St^;^;5-^^ 

Nov. 10, 1816, until he>csir.,rd Au. lo'i«T 
In 18.>4, he was made chid' ei !/ of^lhe a,m " 
Amon;; the many admirable works e.Wd 
hy hin, „, this country is Fortress Monroe a1 
the moiirh of James Kiver, Va. Returning to 
France, he became aide to LouisPhili, pe "j-nt 

s^tiiiri^-' -•' — --^^f- 

62 ,• ,1. - Nov. 1 862. Col. Coll. 1 808 ' ()rd 
deacon. 1810; became assist, min. o f Tr in tv 
Parish III 811. He pnh. ■■ Travels in Fran?e 

?or' tt -Sick' /"''■••';°;.''''' ' "DevS 
or the Sick-Kooin, " ICnter thy Closet" 
Family and Private Praveis," '■ On the 
Commnnion," " Sailor's Min.i.il " " H; -, • 1 
Sketch of Trinitv Cbua.V'-'x.t" 8v"r.8l?'. 

Hobart," 3 vols., 8vo, 1833.' ^"''°P 



UKR 



nah Ga Jan. ., .8.6.^ X.'j.'col.: ti^^ 
of Mmj, John Berrien by a dau. of Capt John 
Maepherson of the provincial naw.' A^m 
to practise at the Ga. bar at the a;;e-of 18 ho 
attained a high reputation as a lawver He 
«^ solictor of the eastern district if Ga. in 

if 18>i 3''"i;T '"° "• "*-' '■ State senator 
■n 10..-J, u, h, senator, 1 82:1-9 and 1840- 
52 ; a.torney.«en. of the U. S. 1829,; ■ udl 
of the Supreme Court of Ga. 1845. ki was 
oneo the most Klfted orators and able statues' 
men in the U. S, senate. Few contcmDorm v 

cinr.he'wa':.:rf"r8,2°/"° ^™"' ^^'^ 

.""1111)^ (III, wai of 1812, he com. a ret of vol 

b.?E,<!i!;'^tAr^f';?^^r'[r?"- 

the battle ofChancel'lorsWIle \v il.," '863" 
He worked some years a.s a eirpeiue was 
a eruard sucecssfully en^^afjed in navi.'^t on 
served in the State k-isl., and was major of 
Kockiand. Col. 4tli Me. vols. June 4 1861 
he was in the baitle of Bull Run, and to^k pa J 
.n the siege of Voiktown. Made hri - ^en 

3 dn of Heintzelman's (.id) armv corps ,akin£^ 
part in the battles of U-illia,„.l„;r,. ^roXs 
and the ,>e,iinsularcaii,p„i.„, J„n,^2.-, tj Jul v , ' 

Berry's brigade especiallv di^tin^'i elf and 
was complimented by (Jen". Biriiev" Made mal 
sen. Mar 9, 1863, dating from Nov. 29, mo 

3a Tsicllle' •'? '" ' °"'- "'■ ""= ^0 "'^i-'-" °f 'he 
b. Li • I ' "'V ''"'■P'' "' "'« ''e«d of which 

Uin. Lee near Chanccllorsville 

priW^'o^T <I7.'-'V^''' ^"--''^ AI.KXANDER, 

m si ■, ,^ v'"''"^;' ' ■■"''} ""« "f Napoleon's 
maisbals. b. Versailles, Nov. 20, I 75,3 ■ killed 

file ai,', 'ill •I'-r?"'"""-""^'"-'"- "---' 
neaiin „i 1,6b ; was a capt, of dragoons in 

1'.., and, with Ins brother Ca;-ar served in 

America on Ro.hambean'sstafrin 1780-83 I " 

became gen. of division in 1795, was chief of' 

Boiiaparte'sstafrin Italy andin Kgvpt • became 

minister of w^r in I799,- marshal i7|-lW4Se 

of Ncufchatel in 18U6, and of U'agrnm in 809 

maj.-Kcn. of the grand armv in^the „ sian 

campaign in 1812, of Saxonv in 1813 and of 

f8rhe"'w""- ,^' "" '^^■'"'•■■"■°" ^' "o"i • 

istn, lie was made a Muer of Knm.o 1..,. 

wtrK™ "' ^''-r^r'' -^'i>''--" Samt;^ 

he e he was killed by 6 men in masks wiro 
they ,, ^f „„^ ^^ ^,^^ o 

faihcr-iii-law s palace. 

oN^,?J''v,^ (l«'-t(?.2d), .JcLEs Jacques Ele- 

ON ,KK, \ KOMTE DE, a French gen,, b. 1747 • 

c.ost of 1816, He entered the naw in 1764 • 

fe h" am';; *■ 'T "^'"V/.•^.«.r/-. in which 
lie iHi. me 2d col . and served with this corns 
through the American campaigns of 1779^-/ 

he received^'''. ''''•^*"""»-' J" Savannah, wher'e 

c leceued j .severe wounds, and, while return- 

iiig home, received 2 more in a sea-light. He 



BKT 



87 



BID 



pmisrateU iliirinp: the French Revol. ; made all 
the cain|):ii;;ns of the army of Cond^, and was 
created lieut.-j;en. Jan. I, 1814. 

Bethune, George Washington, D.D , 
cleri.'iTM;ui and author, son of Divie, b. N.Y. 
Ciiv," JIar. 180.5; d. Florence, Italv, Aiiril 28, 
1862. Dick. Coll. 1822; Princeton Theol. 
Sein. 182.1. Kiitering the Presb. minisiry in 
182G, in 1827 he passed to that of tlie Dntch 
Rcf. He settled first at Rhinebeek on the 
Undson, then in Utica. in Pliila. in I834, and, 
in 1 8-t9-.)9, over a large and influential congre- 
pit.on in Brooklyn, N.Y. In 1859-60, he 
preached a while in the Amer. Chapel at Rome, 
then became asso pastorof a church in N.Y.,but 
was forced by ill health to return to Italy. lie 
is the author of "Fruit of the Spirit," "Early 
Lost," "Early Saved,"" History of a Penitent," 
a vol. of " Lays of Love and Faith, and other 
Poems." 1S47; " The British Female Poets," 
8vo, 1848; " Coinmentarv on the l-Wth 
Psalm," I2mo, 1847 ; " A Word to the Afflict- 
ed ; " " Expository Lectures on the Heidel- 
berg Catechism," 1864, and of a collection of 
orations, discourses, and sermons, 8vo, 1846. 
He was a wit. as well as a scholar, and edited, 
in 1847, "Walton's Complete Angler," being 
himself an entluisiasiic fithermau. He was a 
sound and learned divine, an eloquent preach- 
er, and an orator of excellent f.incy and pleas- 
ant liuinor. A Memoir, by A. R. Van Nest, 
D.I)., was pub. 1867. 

Betts, S.v.-.h;el Rossiter, LL.D., jurist, 
b. Richmond, Ms., June 8. 1787 ; d. N. Haven, 
Ct., Nov. 2, 18G8. Williams Coll. 1806. He 
studied law, and began practice in Sullivan 
Co., N.Y. ; was jud'_'eadvocate in the armv 
during the War of 1812: M.C. in 1815-17'; 
some years dist.-attv. of Orange Co., and from 
1823 to 1367 was judge of the U.S. Dist. Court. 
To him belon.'S the high honor of having 
6ha]>e(l and settled in a great degree the mari- 
time laws of the U.S. He ranks among the 
ablest of Amer. jurists. Author of "Admiral- 
ty Practice in the Courts of the U.S. for the 
Soutlicrn Dist. of N.Y.," 8vo, 1838. 

Betts, TiiADDECS.a disting. lawyer, atone 
time licnt -gov. of Ct., and a U.S. .senator at 
the time of Ills d. at Washington, D.C., 7 Apr. 
1840, b. Xorwalk, Ct. Y. C. 1807. 

Beveridge, John, poet, b. Scotland. lie 
had liceii a srliuolmaster in Edinburgh, having 
amon^' his pupils the blind poet Blacklock. 
In 1732, he came to N.E., where he remained 5 
years, and became intimate with Dr. Mayhew 
and other leading men. In 1758, he was app. 
])rof. of langua;;es in the coll. and acad. of 
Phila. Alex. Graydon, one of his scholars, 
notices him in his memoirs, and shows him to 
have been a poor disciplinarian. In 1765, he 
))ub. a collection of Latin poems, " E/iislolis 
J-'diiiiliarrs et Alia Qnaclam Miscelhiiiea." — 

Beverley, Robert, historian, b. Va. ; d. 
th re iritl. His father, Maj. Robert, clerk of 
the council of Va., d. 1087. Beverley's " Hist, 
of Virginia" was first pub. in 1705; another 
edition, with Grilielius's cuts, jn 1722, and 
one with an Introduition bv C. Campbell, in 
1S.5N. 

Biard (be'-iir'), Peteij, 1). Grcnoble.France, 



1565; d. France, 1622. He was a Jesuit mis- 
sionarj', was for a time at Port Royal, and sub- 
sequently at Mt. Desert, Me., where his project- 
ed missionary colony was crushed by Argal, 
and wrote a "Relation de la Xonvl/e France." &c 
( Lyons, 1616), an account of his labors, and of 
the English outrage which left orjc of his co 
workers dead im the island, and bore himself 
and another off as prisoners. This is the first 
ot the valuable series of "Jesuit Relations," 
of which there are 41 vols. (pub. annually 
1632-72). He came to Port Royal in June, 
1611. In 1612, he ascended the Kennebec, ami 
was well rceeiied by the Indians, from whom 
the name of the river was derived. In 1613, be 
visited the seiilemcnt of St. Sauvcur, on the 
Penobscot. — Uuiitkinvk . 

Bibaud (be'-l>o'), Michel, a Canadian 
author, b. at the Cote' des Neigos, near Montre- 
al, Jan. 20, 1782 ; d. there Aug. 3, 1857. He 
studied at ihe Coll. of St. Rapiiacl, and, enter- 
ing upon the career of literature, labored hard 
in defence of Canadian nationality and for the 
conservation of the E'reneh language. Besides 
contributing in turn to the " Aurore ihs Cuiia- 
das," the " Bibliotliique Ciinadunnp," the " Ma- 
gnsindu Bits Canada" " Ohservutear Cwindien" 
and the " Enci/duj'^die Canadienne, he has 
written verses of much merit, the first French 
Hist, of Canada since the conquest, on " Arilh- 
m&'qie j^lginentaire" and edited the "loy- 
aije dp Frandiiie" and many oihcr valuable 
little works. A few months before his death, 
he was engaged in translating the reports of 
the geol, commission. His sun, F. M. U. M. 
BitSAUD, LL.D., also an author, b Mimtrcal, 
Nov. 1824; law prof, at the Jfesuits' Coll., 
Montreal. Among his many publications re-' 
lating to Canada arc," Discours liistoriqup siir 
les liaces Suurat/rs de C Amerlque Septenfrio- 
nale" 1846, "/,■■« Satianms llltislres de l'Am€- 
rique Sept." 1848, " Oirlionnaire Histortqne dis 
Hommes Illnstn-s du Caimda et de I'Am^n'-jKe," 
1857, " Tahleun IHstiirique des Prof/ih .UtitAi- 
fls el IntellectneU du Canada," 1858,' " Pantheon 
Canad'ien" 1858, &e. — Morgan. 

Bibb, George M., jurist and sentitor, b. 
Va., 1772; d. Georgetown, D.C., Apr. 14, 
1859 N.J. Coll. 1792. He studied law, and 
settled in Ivy. ; served in the State legisl. ; was 
three times elected chiel-jusiice of the State ; 
was in the State senate two years ; chancellor 
of the Chancery Court of Luuisville, and sec. 
of the U. S. treasury under Pres. Tyler in 
1844; U.S. senator,' 1811-14 and 1829-35. 
After Icavin;; the treasury dept., he practised 
law at Washington, and was an assist, in the 
atty .-general's office. Author of " Reports of 
Cases at Common Law and in Chancery in 
the Ky. Court of Appeals, in 1808-17;" 4 
vols., 8vo, Frankfort, Ky., 1815-17. 

Bibb, William Wvatt, terr. gov. of Ala., 
1817-19, first gov. of the State, 1819-20, I). 
Va., 1 Oct. 1780 ; d. near Ft. .Jackson, 9 July, 
1820. M.D. of U. of Pa. 1801. Son of ("apt. 
Wni. Bibb. He served in both branches of the 
Ga. legisl., was M.C from that State in 1806- 
13, and US. senator, 181.3-14. Thos. Bibb 
succeeded him as gov. in 1820-21. 

Biddle, Chvrles John, b. Phila,, 1819. 
N. J. Coll. 18J7. Son of Nicholas. Adin. to 



BED 

the l.ar ii, IS40; distinc as a cant of volii 
gears a, Kl Moli„„„n,| ChapultJ-c aS 
where he won ,Ik, hrev. of m ij. ; ,v,V,te " The 
hIs^ 1; ''J^/,""!'-' "'",•• -M-oirs oHhe P^ 



BID 



Blddle. CI.K.MKNT, e..l. in the Revol. army 

, ,, i 1^^ f '«""" "^ ' t' Q""'^'-''- ''"'^•^'^ ""'I 

loprutors of Western X. J., he continued in 

n>e,r soeietv m„il ,hc com.n'encen.ent o 1 " 

, A V ,?","V"'"ro' vols. rai,e<l in Pliil.' 

0«en, ,n l,e carlv political movements ..f the 
patriots of the State ; 0>vcn having. I een one 
J ,1 8 i"T,"' ""^ State ronstitn.ion in i:°c 
■loli 8, 1,,6, he was app. bv Coimres. deputy 
q..nrterma.ter-;:c„. o. the -militi,: of I'a.'a, I 
frluTl ■""^"•■l";"''"" ""-' '"""'-sofTrenton, 

l;::;;^"::!.. ''Ar'^:Zi.^-;r'Tf "-" 

«n.erG... Greene, „:r:^d:;ij^J^„j;..^^ 
^icos to the army at several critical ueriocN 

tn- sed nnt.l Se,,t. 1780. App. II Sept. I78f 
qinitcrn,aster.-cn. of the State. After the 
Federal Govt, was orKanizcd in 1787, Col Bid" 
die was app. U. S marshal of Pa, by \Vash. 
inston, h,s frien.l and corres,,ondeni. -/J^ 

Pn., v-f ','■'" V'*'"'' '°" "•" ^Vni..and bro. of 
rom. N,,|,nlas, b. 1739; d. Baltimore, 5 Sept. 

1/..6-.6.J; became eminent as a lawyer in Head- 
scmb v";,rrt" ""-■'" '7 "'"' 'P^'^^^of the As- 
^^ess •,; I --7-' '\/''=''^?«'« 'O the first Con- 
advocates of Independence 'oremost 

Fa'^Hcl^f' "m"'''T IMawyer and poet, b. 
ear V r • ■• ''•• ""'l- '*'«• T''« son of an 
to theV,J'r"„fp"'"'' ''«.».'"'lied law. was ad m 
t°ed at In ^"""'""!' "> Api-. 18.39, fln.l set- 

?S50 PI , r'^ ' •"'!-■"'''."■ ^"''- Const. Conv. 
ISjO. Elected sup. jud-e in 1 8;>7, but not com- 
missioned. He has made some excellent 
translations fr„„, French and German poe'r- 
became a contrib. to the So,,,, a,. :!)/Z,!;^ 
in 184.', and has smcc contrib. to the L,„lies' 
Repos., and other periodicals. Collections of 
his poems have been pub. in I8!5(), '52 and 'iS 

educated at the U of Pa ; entered the navy as 
n mi .-hipman. Feb. 12, 1800. Of 7 bros.,.Iohn 

War ori'siVTl' "V''^■^;T■•"''^ ""'-V in the 
,j ", • , '-• .''."■'■"'•i' and \Vm. L. sevcl ac- 
me .• Ill the mihtia, .n'nd Nicholas in the St.ue 

Hde ;hit'"nff "r- '"'r'^" "' ""' ^"1^"'' " I^hi- 
lauelphi.i off Tripoli in Oct. ISO-I, and was -i 

prisoner 19 months lient. Feb. H, 1807 ^s' 
Ut.of"Then^,-,yM,ele.lti;ebonlti;' 

he bnlluin, action w„l, •• The Frolic," Oct. I s" 
1812. Captured by " The Poictiers.- 74 and 

aken to Bermuda, he was exchanged. A?;, " ^ 
19!3 , made master com., and yivcn a flotilla of 



gunboats on the Delaware. While in com. of 
hm e . .^iT' ^\r" '''"'■'""''■'' '" ^'- Lo».lon. 
.. p'l • ;> r"*"'' '^•''""'■'•••' 'he British l.ri- 

n 111 ^"".^.ensiiin," C.n-rdss voted Cant 
s^. i c "f -,"''' ""-"t''- ^'''"^'- P'-^-^^'"'-'! him a 

::.::^n;;:"''^i^";^:;:'-"---'-^'-'owed 
held special a dij:,::;.:;!:;,::^^ J. ;:^-:-?i 

ous times, ,n the Pacific, upon the cast of S 
America, and n, the W. Indies, and the McU 
erraiean .sr,„adron (rora 18,-iO !« iaj2 d ir?n, 
vhich ,K.nod iic was a commissioner o n"™- 
latea treaty with the Ottoman Govt. In "845 
he ratified a treaty with China as a U. S com: 
m„s.oner; visited Japan in ..The ColurabuV' 
4, and subsequently com. the smiadron cruis- 
uig on the W. coast of Mexico dirin.Mhc w r 
From 18.38 to 1842, he had charge of^tieiiayli 
asWum on the SchiivlkiM. ° "' 

to the West In, Pes in l"-. I " *'"■*"«* ■ 

nn,l f,,.. , ""'"-", 'n l<l>o, he was cast away. 

fslancf ri"o"l"" '"■^••'"V" """"■"'■ited 
isianii. In l,,o, he went to London and en. 

r;, ""„?'■'!?'' "r>- "''""= « ■-*''" iSian 
on board ' Flic Carcass." before the mast in 
the exploniiff exped. of Capt. Phipp.. i" whi -h 

Ph I. af. 'h'" "'*" ^^■"'■''- «'t"rninl' to 
i hila. after the commencement of the Rt^ol 

and '"riffi'', 'VT'- '\'r^ ■'^^"''-« '>o"i« ''' 
ful ev .? "'"'.^•'•Com Hopkins in the suecess- 
u expel a-ains^t New Pioyidence. After a-- 
tntm^ at New London, he cruised offyj^.. 
rc''"twori?i'' V" '"«™P""^'l.«n"".S".her 
land t'rn L '\ ^''""' Scotland, with 400 High- 
land tronps. App. to com. the fri;;atc •• Ran- 
dolph '_of 32 puns, he sailed from I.bda.'Tn 

"f!.ie'pfl.T;;n;di']!c:;;:rn:;rh;;:.:{ 

wit^i the British ship^^;;l.!-,^:^/'^~ 

Blddle was wounded ; and a few minutes Tit"?: 
wards Willie he was under the hands ot he sur- 
^eon. The Uandolph " blew up, and of the a - 

I'li^ 1^°' i^"^."°'-»s, rX.I)., financier b 

N Coir, 80, ' '»•■■'• ''''^"'^''''' 2-- -844 
\Vn,' i> iV- '/'■; ancestors came over with 

\Vm. Penn. His father, Charles, vlce-pres of" 

P risa ' ■'l' "'""nodoie. In 1804, he went to 
r . " ^'- '" '^--'nstrong tli- American min- 
ister, and afterward filled „ similar post with 
Monroe m London. After travllinV, i , Eu 
lope, he retnined t.. Pblbi. i„ is,,; ,,7,d nrac 
t.sed law. He cdircd ,he P«//;,//o c i pi^d a 
commereia di-cst ami iircr.ir,.,! , ,>^ ' ■ 

of Lewis and-ciai^^j^;:!:;!:!";;;;'^-;,:^ 

lie was in the State le-isl. in 1810-1 1, distin-.' 



89 



BIG 



himself by his efforts to establish a general sys- 
t<::ii of edueatioii, and was a senator in 18H, 
and an ardent sui)(iorter of the war with En^. 
His re|)Ort of a conuiiittec of the senate respeet- 
ing the Harilord Convention was an able State 
paper. A dircetor of tlie U. S. Bank in 1S19, 
and pres. from lS2:i to IS36, his administration 
of its affairs demonstrated high ability. In 
1836-9, he was pres. of the U. S. Bank of Pa. 
He was a zealous promoter of public improve- 
ments and beneficent institutions. During the 
suspension of tlic payment of interest on the 
debt of Pa., he pub. a series of essays with uig- 
gestions for its liquidation, soineof which were 
adopted by the legisl. He was pres. of the 
Agric. and Hort. Socieiies, and of the trustees 
of the U. of Pa. and of (Jirard Coll. The Bank 
of the U. S. and Girard Coll., Phila., evince his 
taste in architecture. A pcilishcd and effective 
speaker, he delivered an eulogium on .Jefferson 
before the Philos. Society, and an address on 
the Duties of the Amciican, before the alumni 
of Princeton Coll. H- was a model man of 
business, a vigorous writer, and an accom- 
plished scholar. — iiee Memoir, bi/ R. T. Con- 
rad, in Ainer. Port. Galkri/. 

Siddle, RicHASD, lawver and author, bro. 
of Nicholas, b. Phila., 25 .Mar. 1796 ; d. Pitts- 
burg, Pa., 7 July, IS47. During the War of 
1812, he served for the protection of Phila. 
He became a leader of the Pittsburg bar ; 
visited Eng. in 1827—30; occupied in historical 
investigations ; resumed practice on his return, 
and was M. C. in 18.57-tl. While in Eng., 
he pub. an e.rp-j<e of Capt. Basil Hall's 
" Tr.ivels in America." His " Life of Sebastian 
Cabot" (1331) brouj;ht to light new and im- 
portant facts in the di^covcry of America. 

Biddle, M.\j. Tuom.vs, U. S. A., son of 
Chiirles, b. Phila., Kov. 21, 1790 ; d. St. Louis, 
Aug. 29, 1831. App. capt. of art. July 6, 
1812; disting. at Fort George and at Stony 
Creek ; com. the art. at the reduction of Fort 
Erie; was severely woumled in the subsequent 
defence of that place, and brev. niaj. Aug. 15, 
1814; com. a light battery at the battle of 
Niagara, July 25, 1814, particularly disting. 
himself by bringing off the field the only piece 
of the enemy's artillery retained by the Amer- 
icans as a trophy of that hard-fought battle, 
and ag.iin woumled. Aide-de-camp to Gen. 
Izard, Dec. 1814, and paymaster, 1820. He 
was killed in a duel with Spencer Pettes, the 
distance, in consequence of the defective eye- 
sight of Maj. Biddle, being 5 feet; and both 
were mortally wounded at the first fire. 

Bidwell, Da.viel D.. hrig.-gen. U.S. vols., 
b. Buffalo, N.Y., ah. 1816; killed at Cedar 
Creek, Va., (Jet. 19, 1864. He resigned the 
office of police justice in Buffalo to enter the 
C.")th regt. as a private, and, in Sept. 1861, be- 
came col. 49th regt. anU, during the Soven-Days' 
battles, com. a brigade, but, after the battle of 
Antietam, resumed com. of his regt. He was 
at Fredericksburg and Chancel lorsville; com. 
a brigade at Gittysburg : and in all the battles 
near Pctcr.-burg and in the Shenandoah Val- 
ley, and was made brig-ijen. in July, 1864. 

Biedma (borid'-mii). Llis Hernandez 
DE. a Sp inish officer in the army of nernando 
lu Soto in the v.\ped. for the conquest of Fla. 



in 1538: wrote a " Eelacion de la Tsia de la* 
Florida," printed, in 1857, in the Colleccion 
de Vttrioii Ooruincntos para la Ilistoria de la 
Florida." London, folio, pp. 208, with notes 
by .Juan Baptista JIunoz. — Dnj/clcinci: 

Bienville (bean'-vel), Jean Baptiste 
Lemoine, .siedr de, colonial gov. of La., b. 
Montreal, Feb. 23, 16S0; d. France, 1768. 
Son of Charles, he entered the French naval 
service, with his bro. Iberville, serving under 
him in 7 voyages. He was severely wounded 
in a conflict off the coast of N. E., between the 
French ship "Peiican,"42, Capt. Iberville, and 
three English men-of-war, in which " The Peli- 
can " was victorious. When Iberville in 1698 
founded a colony at the mouth of the .Mpi., he 
took with him his two brothers, Sanvolle and 
Bienville. The latter explored the country 
around the first settlement at Biloxi, Dec. 7, 
1699. Sanvolle was made gov. of La.; and 
Jan. 17, 1700, Bienville assisted in constructing 
a fort 54 miles above the mouth of the river, 
where he afterwards com. On Sanvolle's death, 
July 22, 1701, Bienville took the direction of the 
colony, whose i)rincipal scat was now trans- 
ferred to Mobile. May 17. 1713, Bienville was 
superseded by Lamotte Cadillac ; and Bienville 
was made "lieut.-gov. De I'Epinay super- 
seded Cadillac, Mar. 9, 1717; and Bienville 
received the Cross of St. Louis. lie succeeded 
De I'Epinay as gov. March 9, 1718, planted 
the city of N. Orleans, and. May 14, took Pen- 
Bacola from the Spaniards, phuing his brother 
Chateanguay in command. In 1723, he trans- 
ferred the seat of government to N. O. Jan. 
16, 1724, he was ordered to France to answer 
charges that had been bionght against him, 
and was removed from office, 9 Aug. 1726. 
Before leaving the colony, in March, he pub. 
his Black Code, relating chiefly to slaves, which 
remained in force til! after the transferor La. to 
the U. S. In 1733, Bienville wasre-app. gov., 
and raised to the rank of lient.-gcn. In 17-36, 
and again in 1 739, he led expeds. against the 
Chickasaws. Bienville was soon after super- 
seded, and May 10, 1743, departed for France, 
where he passed the rest of his life. 

Bierstadt, Albert, landscape-painter, b. 
Dusscldurl', 1829. In 1831, his parents brought 
him to New Bedford, where he received his 
school education, and first developed hisartistic 
powers by clever sketches in crayon. In 1853- 
7, ho visited Europe, where he painted his 
" Sunshine and Shadow," which broui:ht him 
into notice. Accompanying Gen. Lander's 
exploring cxped. in 1 8^8, he produced his great 
pictures, " The Rocky Mountains, Lander's 
Peak," " Storm in tlie Rocky Mountains," 
" The Domes of the Yosemitc," " Laramie 
Peak," " Valley of the Yosemite," " Emi- 
grants cro-ssing the Plains," &c. He visited 
Europe again in .Tunc, 1867. to make studies 
for a picture of the discovery of the North 
River, on whose banks, near the Tappan Zee 
and the Palisades, he has a spacious s:udio. — 
TnrWrma,,. 

BigelOW, F.RASTDS HRIOnvM, LL.D. 
(Amli. l!<r,7), inventor, b. W. Boylston. .Ms., 
Apr. 1814. His father was a cotton manufac- 
turer. The son, before he was 18, had invented 
a hand-loom for weaving suspender-webbing, 



BIG 



90 



BIG- 



' n machine for making piping-cord, ami had 
pub. n l>uok un stenography. He uhtaincd a 
patent for an automatic loom in \83S tor weav- 
ing counterpanes, which he improved in 1840. 
lie also invented a loom for weaving coach- 
laco, and soon after turned his attention to 
carpct-wcaving. In 1S39, lie jirodueed his tirst 
jiower loom for weaving 2-ply ingrain carpets, 
riii-^ he subsequently improved, and it is ex- 
tcnsivily used. In the spring of 18G2, Mr. 
Bigeldw proposed a schemcof unilorm ta.xation 
tlirouL'liout the V. S. hy means of stamjis, and 
the Miine vear puli. " The TariH' Question con- 
siilercd in" Uegar.l to the I'oliey of Kng. and 
the Interests of the US." He is the founder 
of the lUiinufaeluring town of Clinton, JIs. 

BigeloW, tiiioncB Tylkr, LL.l) .jurist, 
b. Walertown, Ms., Oct. 6, 1810. U. U. 18-29. 
App. a judge of the Ms. Supreme Court, Nov. 
21, 18.")U; chief-justice, Sept. 7, 1861 ; resigned, 
1S08; State senator, 1847-8. 

Bigelow, .T.vcoD, M.U., LL.D., physician 
and writer, b. Sudbury, Ms., Feb. 27, 1787. H. 
U. 1806, and commenced pnicticc in Boston in 
1810. A skilful botanist, he pub. in 1814 the 
" Florula Bosluiiinisis," enlarged in 1840; also, 
in 1820, " American Medical Botany," .3 vols., 
8vo, plates. He was many years a disting. 
practitioner in Boston; 20 years physician of 
the Ms. Ceneral Hospital, and held (1815-5.")) 
the olli. e of |)rof. of nuitcria medica and of 
clini a! medicine in II. V. In 1816-27, he de- 
livered kctures on the application of science to 
the useful arts at Canibrid'.'e, as Ruinford Prof., 
and pill)., in 182n, " Elements of Technology." 
One of the committee, in 1820, to form the 
"American Phariuaeopoeia," the nomenclature 
of the materia medica afterwards adopted by 
the British colleges is due to him. He has 
pub. numerous medical essays and discourses ; 
some of them in a vol., entitled " Nature in 
Disease." 1854; "A Discourse on Self-limited 
Diseases," delivered before the Ms. Med. Soci- 
ety in 18:i5; in 1858, n " Brief Exposition of 
Rational Medicine, to which is prefixed the 
Pavadise of Doctors, a Fable; " " The Useful 
Ans," 2 vols., 1840; "Treatise on Materia 
Medica," 1822; "History of Mt. Auburn," 
1860. He was the founder of Mt. Auburn Cem- 
etery, the first of the kind in the U. S. He 
has occasionally contrib. to the literary period- 
icals and reviews. A vol. of poems, entitled 
" Eolopoesis," has been attributed to him. He 
was many years pres. of the Ms. Med. Society 
and of the Amer. Acad, of Arts and Sciences. — 

Bigelow, .ToilN, editor and author, b. Mai- 
den, Ms., Nov. 25, 1817. Un. Coll. 1835. Ho 
practised law in N. Y. City about 10 vears. In 
1840, he was literary editor of the Phbeinn, in 
184.3-5 was a fiequent contrib. to the Demo- 
cratic Reviiw. for which he wrote " Consti- 
tutional Reform," " Executive Patronage," 
" The Rcei|iroeal Influences of Civil Liberty 
and the Physical .Sciences," " Pascal," &e. Ho 
also edited Gregg's " Commerce of the Prai- 
ries," and other popular books of travel. An 
inspector of Sing-Sing Prison in 1845-8, he 
originate<l useful reforms in its discipline. In 
Nov. 1 8.50, he became a partner of Bryant in 
l\ie Eixniiiy Post. His "Jamaica in 1850 "gave 



an accurate picture of the social and politital 
condition of that island. He again visited the 
West Indies in 1854, collecting materials for 
a work on Hayti. He pub. a " Life of Fre- 
mont " in 1856; Corri'sp. from Abroad with 
the Pos( in 1854-60; became consul at Paris 
in 1861, and succeeded Mr. Dayton a* minister 
in 1864-6. He jmli. in Paris •' />» I^luls Unia 
d' Am€iii]ue en 186.3," giving to the French valu- 
able information of the statistics and resources 
of this countrv, and edited " Autobiography 
of Franklin," 1868. Ed. .V. }'. Times since 1869. 

Bigelow, Lewis, lawvcr, b. Worcester, 
Ms., ab. 1785; d. Pcoria,'lll., Oct. 3, 1838. 
Wins. Coll. 1803. He stmlied and practised 
law in Ms.; was .M. C. in 1821-3; and was the 
author of the Digest of the (irjt 17 vols, of 
the Ms. Reports ; also of a Di'.:Cst of Pickering's 
Reports, vols. 2-7, 2d ed., 8vo, Boston, 1825. 
He subsequently removed to III., w lure he pur- 
sued his profession, and at the lime of his death 
was clerk of the court of Peoria Co. 

Bigelow, Col Timothy, b Worcester, 
Aug. 12, 1739; d. there March 31, 1790. Ho 
was a blacksmith and a leading patriot; mem- 
ber of the Prov. Congress, 1774-5 ; marched at 
the head of a company of minute-men to Cam- 
bridge on hearing of the battle of Lexington ; 
was a maj. in Ward's Worcester regt. May 23, 
1775, and in Arnold's cxped., and was cap- 
tured in the attack on Qudiec, remaining a 
jirisoner until the summer of 1 776. Made col. 
Feb. 8, 1777 ; at the head of the I5th)ls. regt., 
he assisted in the capture of Burgoync; was 
nt K. I., Valley Forge, and West Point. Af- 
ter the war, he had charge of the arsenal at 
Springfield. He was an original grantor of 
Moutpelier, and a benefactor of Leicester 
Acad. His son Timothv, lawyer (II. U. 
1786), many vears in the Ms. legis., b. 30 Apr. 
1767; d. 18 May, 1821. His dan Katharine 
m. Hon. Abboit Lawrence. 

Bigger, S.^MfKi., Whig gov. of Indiana in 
1840-3 b. Warre.. Co., Ohio, ab. ICOO; d. Foit 
Wayne. 1845. Athens U. Ilcstuilied law at 
Lebanon, and commenced practice in lud., at- 
taining eminence in the profession. He was a 
representative in 1834 and 1835, and after- 
wards jud;.'C of the Circuit Court. By his 
recommendation, the Indiana Hospital for the 
Insane was established. 

Bigler, William, Democ. |>olilician, b. 
Shermansburg, Cumberland Co.. Pa , Dec. 
1814. Receiving a moderate school eilucation, 
and becoming a printer, he esiablished, and for 
several years carried on, the Ctcarjielil IX-mo- 
cral. In 1841, he was elected to the State 
convention, and was a member of the Stale 
senate, part of the time speaker, up to 1 847 ; in 
1852-5, he was gov. of Pa. ; subsequently be- 
came pres. of the Phila.and Erie Railroad Co , 
and in 1855-61 was U. S. senator. Delegate 
to the Chicago convention in 1864, and to the 
I'hila. convention of 1866 

Biglow, Wii.Ln.M. poet and schoolmaster, 
b. Naiick. Ms., Sept. 22, 1773 ; d. Boston, Jan. 
12, 1844 11. U. 1794. Ho taught school in 
Salem, and then took charge of the Latin 
School in Boston, preaching occasionally, and 
writing for periodicals. Becoming intemperate, 
he was obliged to retire to his home in Natick. 



BIT. 



91 



Br>r 



He afterwards tauyht a village school in Jlaine, 
and was ultimately proof-reader in the Univer- 
sity printin^-oftiec, Cambridge. His " Cheer- 
ful Parson, and others of his songs, were very 
popular. In 1830, he pub. a history of Xaticli. 
and one of Sherburne, Ms. ; " The Youth's 
Library," 1808; " Introd. to the JIaking of 
Littin," 1809 ; " Education, a Poem." delivered 
at Cambridge, 18 July, 1799. His best writ- 
ings were in the i'iHw/e Messenqer of Amharst, 
N.H., wliieh he edited in 1796, the Ftdmul 
Omiy, and Ms. ijar/uzine. 

BiliiUgS, Elkas.\ii, F.R.G.S., Canadian 
geologist, b. Gloucester, Canada, May 5, 1820. 
His father, a native of Ms., settled, after the 
Kevol., near Brockville. He was adm. to the 
bar in 1845, and practised in Ottawa, but, since 
1856, has been paleontologist of the geological 
survey of Canada. Besides contributions to 
papers and scientific journals, he has pub. val- 
uable memoirs of tlie third and fourth decades 
of the geol. survey of Canada, and in 185G 
edited the Canadian Xaturalisi, to which he 
has since contril>. — Monjan. 

Billings, Joseph, an English navigator in 
the Uussiau service. He aMoin|ianicd Cook in 
his last voyage, and took charL;e of the astro- 
nomical departmint. In 17S5, he entered the 
service of Caihaiine II., wlio sent biin on a 
voyage of discovery " to curnplcto the knowl- 
edge of the seas situated between Silieiia and 
the continent of Ainer." He set out overland 
in Oct. 1785, |!Ut to sea from Kolyma in 1787, 
visited and examined many islands of the N.W. 
coast ; in July, 1790, penetrated Prince Wm.'s 
Sound, where Cook had been in 1778 ; and re- 
turned to Kamtschatkain 1791. An account of 
his voyage was pub. in London in 1802. 

Billings, William, the fir^t Anier. musical 
com|ioscr. b. Boston, Oct. 7, 1746; d. there 
Sept. 26, l.'^OO. By trade a tanner. A love of 
music led him, whi.e still young, to become a 
teacher of singing and a composer of psalm- 
tuncs, which became highly popular; among 
them that called "Jordan" is well known. He 
pub. 6 collections, which, with a few exceptions, 
were of his own composition. Tlicy were 
founded upon the new style of church-music, 
and caused a n:voIution in musical taste in 
N.E. Billings's patriotic songs were in vogue 
among the N.E. troops of the Kevol. army. He 
was the first teacher of singing in this country, 
introduced the first musical concerts, the first 
instrument — the bass-viol — as an accompa- 
niment, formed the first choirs to unite in sing- 
ing in churches, and kept the first music-store 
in Boston. His "Psalm-shigers' Amusements" 
became very popular. 

Bingham, Caleb, teacher and bookseller, 
h. Salisbury, Ct., 17.57; d. Boston, Apr. 27, 
1817. I). C. 17S2. He was preceptor of 
Moore's Acad., and was many years a teacher 
in Boston. He next kept a large book-shop in 
Cornhill, Boston, and was for several years a 
director of the State Prison, in which capacity 
he exerted himself for the mental improve- 
ment of the younger criminals. He pub. " The 
Hnniers." " Young Lady's Accidence," 1789, 
" Epistolary Correspondence," " Historical 
Grammar," 1802, "'Ihe Columbian Orator," 
" Amer. Preceptor," "Child's Companion," 



and the " Geographical Catechism." Of the 
Amer. Preceptor, 64 editions, or 640,000, were 
sold. 

Bingham, John A., lawyer and politician, 
b. I'a.. 1815; spent two years in Franklin Coll., 
(). ; adm. to the Ohio bar in 1840; State attv. 
for Tuscarawas Co., 1845-9; M.C. 1855-63 
and 1865-71; judge-advocate of the army, 
1864; solicitor Court of Claims, Aug. 1864; 
assist, judge-advocate in the trial of the con- 
spirators for the murder of Pres. Lincoln in 
May, 1865 ; delegate to the Phila. conven- 
tion of 1866, iiud one of the managers of the 
inipcaclinient-ti'ial of Pres Johnson in 1868. 

Bingham, Kinsley S., statesman, b. 
CamilUis, Ououdago Co., N.Y , Dec. 16', 1808 ; 
d. Green Oak, Livingston Co., Mich., Oct. 5, 
1861. He received an academic education, he- 
Came a clerk in a lawyer's office, emigrated to 
'Mich, in 1833, ami settled upon a farm; wasa 
member of the legisl. in 1835-42; three years 
its speaker; M.C. from 1849 to 1851 ; was gov. 
of Mich, froni 1855 to 1859, and US. senator 
from 1859 tWI his decease. He had also held 
the offices of postmaster, supervisor, prosee.- 
atty., judge of probate, and brig. -gen. of 
militia. 

Bingham, William., statesman, b. Phila., 
1751 ;d. B.uh, Eng., Feb. 7,1804. Phila. Coll. 
1768. In 1771, he was consul at St. Picrre,W.I. 
During the Revol., he was Amer. agent at Mar- 
tiniipie; was delei;aie to Congress in 1787-8, 
and U.S. senator from 1795 to 1801. In 1780, 
he m. Anne Willing of Phila., a lady of great 
beauty and accomplishments, and the centre of 
fashionable society in Phila. She d. May 11, 
1801, a. 37. A dau. m. a son of Sir Francis 
Baring. Bingham was a man of great wealth 
and ai'istocratic haukiir. He pub., in 1784, " A 
Letter fiom an American on the Subject of the 
Kcstraining Proclamation," "Description of 
Certain Tracts of Land in the Dist. of Maine," 
1793. 

Binney, Amos, naturalist, b. Boston, 18 
Oct. 1803; d. Home, Italv, 18 Feb. 1847. 
Brown U. 1821. M.l). 1826. ' He was a success- 
ful merchant, but, devoting his leisure to natu- 
ral science, was a founder of the Boston Society 
of Natural History, and its pres. in 1843-7, and 
was active in establishing the Amer. Asso. of 
Geologists and Naturalists. As a member of 
the legisl. of Ms., he was instrumental in pro- 
curing zoological and botanical commissions, 
which resulted in the important volumes of 
Harris, Emerson, Storer, and Gould. He gave 
many years' study to the niollusks of the U.S., 
and fitted out several expcds. to Florida, Texas, 
and other places, to collect materials. His 
"Terrestrial Mollusks of the U.S." was pub. 
1851-7, in 3 vols., 8vo. Many of his papers 
are pub. in the "Proceedings" of the Soc. of 
Nat. Hist. 

Binney, Rt. Rev. Hibbert, Prot.-Epis. 
bisluipot iN'ova Scotia, consec. 4th bishop, 1851, 
b. Nova Scotia, 1819 ; educated at King's Coll., 
London, and at f)xlord, where he grad. 1842. 

Binney, Horace, LL.D. (H. U. 1827), 
lawyer of Phila., b 4 Jan. 1780. H. U. 1797. 
Sou of Dr. Barnabas, surgeon Revol. army, 
Adm. to the bar in 1800, he attained high dis- 
tinction in the profession. Member of th« 



92 



Pa. l(';;isl. in 1806-7 ; an opponent of the ad- 
ministration of Jaclison, and a leadin;; member 
of Congress in 1833-5, and an early and active 
antishivery man. Many years a'direetor in 
the U.S. Bank, and one of the trustees in wind- 
ing up its atfairs. One of his nio.st successful 
efforts at the liar was his defence of thecitv of 
Phila. against the heirs of Stephen Girard. 
Author of " Reports of Sup. Ct. of Pa , 1799- 
I8U," 6 vols., 1809-15 ; Eulogiums on Chief- 
Justices Tilghman and Marshall, 1827 and 
183B, and " Xaturiilization Laws," 8vo, 1853. 
Binns, Jons, journalist, b. Dublin, Ire- 
hmd, Dec. •2-2, 1772 ; d. Phila., .June 16, 1860. 
He received a good education, but, becoming 
involved in the revol. movements in Ireland, 
wan arrested, an<l for two years imprisoned, lor 
lii-i alleged political offences. Soon after his 
release in 1801, he came to Baltimore with 
his brother Benjamin, and commenced at 
Northumberland, Pa., in March, 1802, the 
Ittpiililimn Aiyiis, wliich gave him great in- 
fluence with the Denioc. partv. From 1807 
until Nov. 1829, he conducted", #t Phila., the 
Di-mocrctlic Press, the leading paper in the State, 
until, in 1824, it opposed the election of Jack- 
son. He was for 20 years an alderman of 
Phila. In 1854, he pub. an Autobiographv, 
entitled " Keeolleetions of the Life of John 
Binns ; 29 Years in Europe, and 53 in the 
U.S.," "Binns's Magistrate's Manual," 8vo, 
18.50. 

Birch, Thomas, artist, b. London ab. 
1779; d. Pbihi., Jan. 14, 1851. Hecmigrated 
to the U.S. in 1733, established himself in 
Phila. about 1800, and commenced the paint- 
ing of profiles. A visit to the capes of^ Del. 
in 1807 turned his attention to marine views, 
in the delineation of which ho acquired a high 
reputation. During the War of 1812, ho ex- 
ecuted a series of historical paintings, repre- 
senting the naval victories of the U.S. He 
also painted many landscapes, which are highly 
prized, particularly those representing snow- 
scenes. — Bluk-p. 

Bird, Robert Montoomehy, M.D., 
novelist, b. Newcastle, Del., 1803; d. Phila., 
Jan. 22, 1854. He was educated in Phila. for 
the medical profession, but early turned his 
attention to literature; contrib. to the MottllJy 
Mtviii:lneo(V\\\\a.., and wrote three tragedies, — 
"The Gladiator," "Oraloosa," and "The Bro- 
ker of Bogota; "all of which have been popular 
on the stage, especially the former, the princi- 
pal character of which is one of the favorite 
personations of Edwin Forrest. His first novel, 
" Calnvar," appeared in 1834, and was suc- 
ceeded by " The Infidel," 1835 ; " The Hawks 
of Hawk Hollow;" "Nick of the Woods," 
1837 (scene in Kv. ah.thc close of the Revol.) ; 
'Peter Pilgrim,"" .1838 ; and "Robin Day," 
1839. They are marked by pictnresquBness 
of description, and an animated narration. In 
1839, Dr. Bird retired to his native village, but, 
.for a fijw years previous to his death, cilitcd 
the Pliila'l.//ihia .\Wlh.Ainericim, of which he 
became n proprietor. 

Birdseye, Nath.un, remarkable for lon- 
gevity, b. Straif()rd,Ct., 19 Aug. 1714 ; d. June 
28.1818. Y.C. 1736 He was settled pastor at 
West Haven from 1742 to 1758, and preached 



occasionally in his latter years, — once at Strat 
ford, when he was more than 100 years old. 
At his death, he left 206 descendants.— 
S/>rr,i,w. 

Birkbeak, Morris, traveller and author, 
b. Lug. : ilrijwrud In returning from a visit to 
Robert Owen at Harmonv in 1825. Having 
purchased 16,000 acres of land in III., he 
founded the town of New Albion, and resided 
there. When the State was organized in 
1818, he opppo.scd the introduction of slavery 
into it. Author of "Notes on a Journey 
through France," 8vo, 1815, and "Notes on 
a Journey In America," 8vo, 1818 (in which 
he gave flattering aceounts of Illinois), and 
"Letters from Illinois," 1818. 

Birney, David Bell, maj.-gen. vols., b. 
Hunlsville, Ala., May 29, 1825; d. Phila., Oct. 
18, 1864. In youth, he removed to Cincinnati 
with his father, J. G. Birney, and studied law, 
but, before beginning practice, was engaged 
in business in Michigan. In 1848, he removed 
to Phila., where he practised law. He raised 
the 23d Pa. Vols, m Mav, 1801 ; was made 
brig.-gen. Feb. 3, 1862; wis disting. at York- 
town, Williamsburg, and the battles before 
Richmond, and especiallv in the second battle 
of Bull Run, Aug. 29, 1862, also at Freder- 
icksburg and at Chancellorsvillc, and aided in 
checking the advance of Jackson's troops after 
the panic in the Uth corps. After the death 
of Berry, he took com. of his division (maj.- 
gen. May 23, 1863), led it at Gettvsbnrg; and 
com. the corps after Gen. Sickles 'was wound- 
ed. In all the operations of Gen. Grant in Va. 
in 1864, his bravery and skill were conspicuous. 
July 23, 1864, he received com. of the 10th 
corps. He died of malarious fever, contracted 
in the service. 

Birney, James G. antislaverv politician, 
b. Danville, Ky., 4 Feb. 1792 ; d. Eagleswood, 
N.J., 24 Nov. 1857. N.J. Coll. 1812. He 
studied law in the office of A. J. Dallas, Phila. ; 
began practice in Ky. in 1814, and at 22 was a 
member of the legisl. In 1825, he became a 
planter in Ala., .served in the legisl , and prac- 
tised law at Iluntsville. Removing to Ky., he, 
in 18.34, emancipated his slaves, and, being un- 
able to find there a printer for an antislavery 
jiapcr, established one in Ohio at great personal 
risk. About 1836, he went to New York as 
secretary of the Amer. Antislaverv Society, 
and labored to build a political partv upon tb'at 
sole issue. In 1S40, he took part i'n the anti- 
slavery movements in Eng. In 1844, he was 
the candidate of the Liberty partv, lor Pr«s., 
one result of which was the defeat of Henry 
Clay, the candidate of the Whig party. Fa- 
ther of Gen. D. R. Birney. 

Biscaecianti, Eliza (Ostixelli), b. 
Boston, 1825, a distinguished vocalist. Irfiuis 
Ostinclli, her father, leader of the orchestra in 
the principal cities, and a talented musician, 
m. in Apr. 1822, the dau. of Mr. Heweit, a 
celebrated musical composerof Boston. Eliza 
went to Italy in 1843, studied under the best 
masters, was m. to Signer Biscaecianti, also a 
musician, and in May, 1847, made tier first 
appearance at Milan,' with complete success. 
She made her dehiit in America at the Astor 
Place Opera House, in Feb. 1848, and in 



BIS 



BT^A. 



Pliila., Mar. 1, 1848, at the Chestnut-st. thea- 
tre, as " Lucia." Sung in the principal cities 
with i;re:U applause, and became an especial 
lavoriti; ill (\illfornia. 

Bishop, AuuAHAM, a political writer, b. 
New Haven, 176.'!; d. there Apr. 28, 1844. 
Y. C. 177S. lie was an active ijolitician, and 
for more than' 20 years was collector of the 
port of Niw Haven. He pub. orations, and 
" Proofs of a Conspiracy," 1802. 

Bishop, Mad.vme Anna, vie Revifere, a 
celeliraieil sin^c:', b. London, 1816 ; educated 
at the Royal Acad of Music, Lomlon ; made 
her d^but at a concert given by JL Bochsa, 
■July 5, 1S.39, and won a trium|>hant success. 
She san^ in most of the principal cities of En- 
rope and the U. S., where she made her dibiit 
at the Walnut-st. theatre, Phila., Nov. 22, 1847, 
as " Norma." Author of " Travels in Mex- 
ico in 1849," Phila, 18.io. Her husband, H. 
Bishop, d. Apr. .30, 185.5. Apr. 30, 1858, she 
m. Martin Shullz. 

Bishop, Geobge, a Quaker writer, joined 
the sect in 1654, and, between 1660 ami 1668, 
pub. several works on their doctrines. He pub., 
in 1661, " New En;xland judged, being a Brief 
lielation of the Sufferings of the Quakers in 
that part of Aracr. from ihe Beginning of the 
5th Month, 1656, to the End of the lOth Month, 
1660," &c. A second part appeared in 1667; and 
both were reprinted in 170.3, with " An Answer 
to Cotton Mather's Abuses," by John Whiting, 
with an Appendix. 

Bishop, Joel Prentiss, b. Volney, Oswe- 
go Co., N. Y., 1814, author of " Commenta- 
ries on the Law of Marriage and Divorce," 2 
vols.,8vo, 1856 ; " Criminal Law," 2 vols.,8vo, 
Boston, 1858; "Thoughts for the Times," 
1863 ; '• Secession and Slavery," 1864 ; " Com- 
mentaries on Criminal Procedure," 2 vols., 
1866 ; ■' First Book of the Law," 1868. 

Bishop, Robert Hamilton, D.D. (N. J. 
Coll. 1825), I'resb. divine and scholar, b. near 
Edinburgh, Scotland,26 July, 1777 ; d. College 
Hill, O., 29 Apr. 1855. U. of Edinb. 1797. 
He came in 1801, at the solicitation of Dr. Ma- 
son, to N.Y. ; preached there a while ; was ord. 
g nii>sionary to the nort!i-west territory, and ar- 
rived at Chillicothe in 1802. Prof, in Transylv. 
Univ. 1804-24; pres. of Miami Coll. 1825-41; 
prof hi.~l. and polit. science until 1844, and 
subsequently prof, of hist, and polit. economy 
in the Farmer's Cull, near Cincinnati, 0. He 
was a warm friend of Henry Clay. Author 
of "Sermons," 1808; "Memoirs of David 
Rice," 1824; " Elements of Logic," 1833; 
" Philosophy of the Bible," 1833 ; ' Science of 
Government," 1839 ; " Western I'eacemaker," 
1339. besides sermons, addresses, &c. — Upratjue. 

Bissell, Clark, LL.D. (Y. C. 1847), ju- 
rist and sLiie^man. b. Lebanon, Ct., 1782; d. 
Norwalk. Ct., Sept. 15, 1857. Yale Coll. 
1806. He was a lawyer, and, during most of 
hi> life, resided at Norwalk. Judge of the Su- 
preme Court of Ct. in 1829-39, gov. of Ct. 
in 1847-9. and was Kent Prof of law in Y.C. 
in I847-.5.5. 

Bissell, Oen. Daniel, U. S. A., d. St. 
Louis, Mo., Dec. 14, 1833. App. cadet from 
Ct., Sept. 1791 ; ensign 1st Inf Apr. 11, 1792; 
Ueut. Jan. 1794; capt. Jan. 1799; lieui.-col. 



Aug. 18, 1808; col. 5th Inf. Aug. 15, 1812; 
brig.-gen. Mar. 9, 1814 ; com. in successful af- 
fair at Lyons Creek, U.C, Oct. 19, 1814 ; M.ny, 
1815, col. 1st Inf. with brev. of brig.-gen.; col. 
2d Art. Jan. 16, 1826. — Gardiw.i: 

Bissell, Simon B.,commo. U.S.N., b. Vt., 
Oct. 28, 1808. .Midsliipm.Nov. 6, 1824 ; lieut. 
Dee. 9, 1837; coinmandcr, Sept. 14, 1855; 
capt. July 16, 1862; commodore, Oct. 19, 
1866. Attached tothesloop" Albany," during 
the war with .Mexico ; present at tlic siege of 
Vera Cruz, and stationed at the naval battery ; 
com. sloop " Cyane," Pacific squad., 1861-2 ; 
navy-yard, Man Island, Cal., 1863-4 ; sloop of 
war " Monongaliela," N. A. squad., 1866-7. — 

Bissell, William H., statesman, b. Coop- 
erstown, N.Y., Apr. 25, 1811; d. Mar. 18, I860. 
Phila. Med. Coll. 1835. He was self-educated, 
attending school in summer, and teaching in 
the winter; practised medicine 2 years in 
Steuben Co., N. Y., and 3 years in Monroe 
Co., 111. Cho.icn to the 111. 'legisl. in 1840, he 
disting. himself as a forcible and ready debat- 
er; studied law, and practised successfully in 
Belleville, St. Clair Co. ; became prosec.-attv. 
in 1844 ; col. of the 2d 111. Vols, in the Mex"i- 
can war, and disting. at Buena Vista ; M. C. 
in 1849-55, and gov. of III. in 1857-60. He 
separated from the Democ. party upon the pas- 
sage of the Kansas-Nebraska Bill, and was 
chosen gov. as a Republican. 

Black, Jeee.miaii S., lawyer, b. in the 
Glades, Somerset C'o.,Pa., Jan. I'o, 1810. Adm. 
to the bar in 18.30, he was, in Apr. 1842, app. 
pres. judge of the judicial district in which he 
lived; was in 1851 elected to the bench of the 
Supreme Court, and made chief-justice ; was 
re-elected in 18.54, and, Mar. 5, 1857, received 
from Pres. Buchanan the ajjp. of atty.-gen. 
Appearing in behalf of government in a dis- 
puted land-claim from California, he achieved 
a great success, at once establishing his repu- 
tation as a jurist. U. S. see. of State from 
Dec. 1860, to Mar. 1861. 

Blackburn, Gideon, D.D. (Gen. Coll. 
1818J, an eloipient Presb. clergyman, b. Au- 
gusta Co., Va., 27 Aug. 1772; d. Carlinville, 
III., Aug. 23, 1838. Educated at Martin Acad., 
Washington Co., Tenn. Licensed to preach by 
Abingdon presbytery, 1795, and settled many 
years at Marysvillc, 'Tenn. Minister of Frank- 
lin, Tenn., 1811-23, and of Louisville, Ky., 
1823-7. He |«issed the last 40 years of his 
life in the Western States, lalxjring /tealonsly 
in preaching, organizing churches, and during 
apart of each year, from 1803 to 1809, in his 
mission to the Cherokees, establishing a school 
at Hvwassce. He set up a school in Tenn. 
in 1806. Pres. of Centre Coll., Ky., 1827-30. 

Bl€lckford, Isaac Newton, jurist, b. 
Bound Brook, N J., Nov. 6, 1786; d. Wash- 
ington, D.C., Dec.31,1859. N. J. Coll. 1806. 
Completing his legal studies under Gabriel 
Ford of Morristown, N. J., he in 1812 re- 
moved to ln<l., and settled in Vincennes ; be- 
came clerk of the territorial legisl., in 1813; 
judge of the first judicial circuit, 1814-15; 
speaker of the first State legisl. 1816 ; judge 
of the Supreme Court of Ind., 1819-35 ; and a 



P4 



htlj^ 



Jiidlto of tlio U.S. Court of Clnini«, from Mnr. 
ISJS until his ileatli. Ills n-porls. of whiili 
tliero arc 8 vols., pive ^'n-nt civdit to the State 
alironil. — .V. /■.'. //. ,(• (,'. A',-/, xvii. 174 

Black Hawk (Ma-ka-t!u-iiii>li-kiakiak). 
II iiolcd rlii.t ol ihe Sae ami Kox tribes of 
liullans, though l>y hivtii tt rotnwntomic, h. 
Ka»ka<kin, III., 17G7; d. nt his eanip on the 
liivi T Des Moines, Oct. 3, 18;t8. At 15, he was 
rankiil with the hrnves, Biid Itocnme n success- 
ful loader in expeditions against the Osa^' 
nn<l Cherokee trilies. Ahont 1 788, he sncccwli'd 
as head chief of the Sacs, his father, wlio had 
hecn killcil hy a Cherokee. .Moved bv the exhor- 
tations of the Shawnee I'rophct ( brother of Tc- 
ciiniseh) and hv the pri'scnts of Briiish agents. 
Black Hawk, with the title of pen , joined the 
British, with 500 warriors, dnring the War of 
1*12. A repulse in a battle near Detroit, and 
an unsuccessful attack on n fort, surprised and 
disgusted the re<l men, who soon tired of the 
service. By a tn-aty nnnle at Prairie du Chien, 
July 15, 18.10, and signed by chiefs of various 
tnl:cs,— among tliein Keokiik,rhief of a partv 
of Sacs, — their lands east of the Mississippi 
heeanie the property of the whites. Their re- 
moval west was opposed by Black Hawk, but, 
Juno 25, 1831, a foivo under Gen. Oaines com- 
pelled them to depart : aiul, after a brief conllift 
in the following spring, the Indians werc com- 
pletely defeated at tlie Uivcr Bad Axe, Aug. 2, 
tiy Cen. Atkinson, and the surrender of Black 
Hawk took place on the 27th. Black Hawk, 
with his two sons and seven other head war- 
riors", were detained as hostages; were taken 
through the principal eastern cities; and were 
conlined in Fortress .Monroe until June 5, 1833, 
when they were released, and returned to their 
trilic. .\n account of his life, tjiken from his 
own lips, was pub. by J. B. Patterson, 1834. 

Blackhoof, a chief of the Shawancsc tribe 
of Indians; d. Wapagh Konnetta, Oct. 1, 1831, 
aged 1 14 years. He wasai St. Clair's, Harmar's, 
and Crawford's defeais, and was, )ierhaps, the 
last survivor of those wlio were concerned in 
Braddwli's defeat. 

Blackstone, Wit-LtAsi, the first white 
settler of ISoston ; d. Hehoboth, May 26, 1675. 
He is snpiiosed to have Iwen a graduate of 
KmanucI Coll., Cambridge, in 161 7, A.M., 1621 , 
and to have been a clergyman of the Church of 
Kng. He settled at Shawmut, the Indian name 
of Boston, ttb. 1623; not liking his Puritan neigh- 
bors, he sold out to them in April, 1633, alid 
removed to Uchobolh, K.I. A small round 
eminence west of his house there is called 
Study Hill, faun its being his place of retire- 
ment for study. In 1659, he m. Marv, widow 
of John Stevenson of Boston. — 5« .}fass. 
Hist. Co.'/. 2d. ser., vol. x. 

Blackwell, Kt.iz.vnKxn. the first woman 
who received the degree of M.D. in the U.S., 
b. Bristol, Kng., 1821 ; came to N.V. with her 
fatherin 1831 ; emigrated to Cincinnati in 1837, 
and taught school there several years. She 
studied medicine at Charleston, S.C., while 
teaching music ; at I'hiln. ; and linallv look the 
degree of M.I), at the Medical Sihool of 
Tieneva. N Y., in Jan. 1849. after making ap- 
plication unsuccessfully at the schools of Phila., 
N. Y., and Boston. She also pursued a course 



of clinical study in Blockley Hospital, Phila 
After 6 mos. study and practice of miilwifery 
in the .l/.Wmi/V at Paris, she was adin. as a 
physician, to walk the Hospital of St. Barthol- 
omew in London, where she could not have 
l>een a student After passing a vcar there, 
she n'turned to N.Y. City, where slie has since 
]irnctisci| her profe«si<m \vith s«ccess. In 1859, 
she again visited Kurojie, ami gave a course of 
medical lectures in London. In 1854, with her 
sister Finily, she opened the New. York Infirm- 
ary fur Women and Children. She pub. " The 
Laws of Life," 12mo, 1852. Her sister Axsv 
is a poetess of merit; and Kmily, another 
sister, lias also obtained a imulical diploma. 

Blaine, J.vmks IJillespik, speaker 4Ist 
and 42il Congresses, b. Washini;lon Co., Pa., 
31 Jan. 1830. Wash. Coll. 1847. His grand- 
father. Col. Eph. Blaine, c<uninis..gi-n of the 
middle dept. in the Revol. War ; d. Carlisle, Pa., 
in Mar. 1804, a. 63. He was n teacher In the 
South ; scttUsI in .Maine about 1851 ; engaged 
in journalism ; eiliteil the K^nnehrc Journal in 
1852-8. and the Portland Ihiilu .hlnnistr in 
1858-61. Memlwr .Me. legisl. 1857-62; two 
years speaker of the house, and M.C. since 
1 863. 

Blair, Airstts, gov. of Mich., 1S6I-5, b. 
Caroline, Tompkins Co.. N.Y., 8 Feb. 1918. 
Union Coll. 18.'}9. Studied law; removed to 
Mich. ; was countv clerk of Eaton Co. ; proscc- 
atiy. of Jackson to.\ memlK-rof the legisl.and 
of the State senate, and, as gov. of the State, 
took an active part in putting down the Uebcl- 
lion. M.C. 1866-72. Resides at Jackson. 

Blair, Francis Pheston, journalist and 

J)olitician, b. .-Miin^don, Va., Apr. 12, 1791. 
lames Blair, his father, removed to Ky. about 
180<). and became aity.-gcn. The son grad. at 
Transyl. U. ; studied law, but, from ill health and 
lack of voice, never engaged in practice. Early 
a politiiian. he supported his frieml, .Mr. Clay, 
for the Presidency in 1824, but btrame politi- 
cally esirangol from him during the administm- 
tion of J. Q. .\dams. An article in a Ky. 
newspaper, against the nullification movement, 
procured him an invitation from Gen. Jackson 
to remove to Wasliinirion, and cilit a Deinoc. 
journal to lie established there. The Glolit 
was commenced in 1830. powerfully sustaininf; 
the [loliey of the administration, espi-ciallv iti 
relation to the U. S. Bank and nullification ; 
and Ihe intiniiite relations which then sprung 
un between Mr. Blair and the pres. subsisted 
till the hitter's death. Mr. Blair n'tained the 
contnd of the 'r'/eV until the accession of Polk 
in 1845. He afterward successfullv engaged in 
agricultural pursuits at Silver Spring, Mont- 
gomery Co., Md. He withdrew from the 
Democ. party in 1848; took n prominent part 
in Iheorganizationof theltepuhliean parlv afier 
the repeal of the .Mo. Compromise, and m the 
attempt, in 1856. to ekvt Col. Fremont to the 
Pivsidency. He was master of an easy ami 
vigorous style. 

Blair, Fuancis Prestos, jun., soldier and 
politician, son of the preceding', b. Lexington, 
Ky., 19 Feb. 1821. \. J. Coll 1841. Set- 
tled ns a lawyer in St. Louis. In 1845, ho 
made a journey to the Kocky .Mountains for his 
liealih; serval us a private in the Mexican 



II 



33LA. 



95 



13L.A. 



war. iini;, in 1S47, resiimed practice nt St. 
Louis. Ill' suppoiteil tlic Freesoil party in 
1848; WHS elected to the Icgisl. in 1852,'i\nd 
was a ineinker of Coiijiress in 185G-60, propos- 
ing in a spiM'cli in 1837 to colonize ilio blacl<s 
of tlic U.S. ill Central America. Ho was at one 
time editor of the Missouri Democrut. Col. of 
vols, in IS.'il, bri-r.-gen. 7 Ang. 1862, and maj.- 
i;en. 29 Xov. 1S62. lie coin, a division in the 
Vickshiiii; c;iin|iai^'n, and the 27lh corps in 
the army of the Tennessee in .Sherman's cam- 
paijriH Iroin Chittunouga to Atlanta in 1864, 
iinri in S. and N. Carolina in Mar. 1865 ; elect- 
eil to the 38ili Congress, he resigned to take his 
position in the army ; app. collector of cnstoms 
ill St. Lonis ill 18GG, and commissioner for the 
I'acilic Railroad. U.S. senator from Mo. for 
the term ending in 1877. 

Blair, J vMi-,9, divine and scholar, b. Scot- 
land, aliont liiuo; d. Williamsburg, Va., Aug. 
1, 174'). Not succeeding as a I'r.-Kp. clergy- 
man in Scotland, lie went to Ijondon, and, in 
1683, was sent as a missionary to Va. His 
zeal and aiiility procured him, in 1C89, the high 
ofBcQ of commissary. Having raised by sub- 
scription CJ.'iOO. and procured a patent for the 
erection of William and Mary Coll in IG9.3, 
he was its first pres., and held the office 50 
years. lie was rector of Williamsburg from 
171 1. He was also pres. of the council of Va. 
In 1727, he assisted in compiling" TheStateof 
His Majesty's Colony in Va.," by Hartwell, 
lilair, ami Chilton ; "Sermons and Discourses," 
4 vols., 8vo., Lon.l., 1742. lie left his library 
and .£300 to the coll '^ 

Blair, .Iohn, statesman and judge, b. Wil- 
liamsburg, Va., 1G89; d. there Nov. .5, 1771. 
Nephew of Pies. Blair.' Member of the bouse 
of burgesses as early as 1736. By his efficient 
services, heqinilified himself for the position of 
pros, of ilij council of Va.,and of acting gov. 
of Va. in 1737-8 anil 1768. In a letter to the 
atty. of Spottsylvania, while acting gov., he 
manifested a spirit of toleration as rare at that 
dav as it w:is < rcditahle. 

]Blair, John, jurist, h. Williamsburg, 1732; 
d. there Aug. 31. 1800. Wm. and Mary Coll. 
He studied law at the Temple, London ; soon 
rose to the first rank as a lawyer; was a mem- 
ber of the legisl. as early as 17C3, and, on the 
disso'ution of the house in 1769, be, with 
Washington and other patriots, met at the 
Ualeigh Tavern, and drafted the non-impoi ta- 
tion agreement. He was one of the coinmiltec, 
which in June, 177G, drew up the plan for the 
govt, of the State; was elected to the council, 
ami, on tlie establishment of the judiciary in 
1777, was elected a judge of the Court of Ap- 
peals; then chief-ju-'tice, and, in 1780, a judge 
of the High Court of Chancery. A delegate to 
the Phili. convention to revise the articles of 
confederation, he supported the " Virginia 
Plan," and wiih AVashinglon and Madison 
alone, of all the Va. delegates, voted for the 
afloption of the Federal Constitution, and also 
for Its ratification in the State convention. In 
Sept. 178!), Washington app. him a judge of 
the U S. Supreme Coirt. Ho was disnug. for 
his private virtues no less tlian for his public 
Bcrvices He resigned his scat on the SHprcmo 
bench iu 171IG. 



Blair, Montoomehy, statesman, h. Frank- 
lin Co., Ky., May 10, 1813. West Point, 1835. 
Son of Francis P. Kntering the 2d Art., ho 
served in the Florida war ; resigned May 20, 
1836; studied law, and begun practice iu St. 
Louis in 1837. He was U.S. (list -atty. for Mo. 
in 1839-43, and was judge of the C.C.P. in 
184.3-49. In 1842, he was also mayor of St. 
Louis. In 1852, he removed to Md., and, from 
Mar. 1861 to 23 Sept. 1864, was U.S. post- 
master-gen. Before the repeal of the Mo. Com- 
promi.se, he had been a Dcnioc, but afterward 
altacli(;d himself to the Rcpub. party, and was 
removed by Pres. Buchanan from the olliee of 
soHeilor to the Court of Claims, to which ho 
liiid been app. by Pres. Pierce, and in 18G0 he 
presided over tho Kcpub. State convention of 
Md. In the famous Drcd Scott case, he was 
counsel for the plaintitf. Brother of F. P. 
Blair, jun. Counsellor at law, Montgom. Co. 
Md., since 1863. 

Blair, S.vmuel, Pnsb. minister and edu- 
cator, b. Ulster, Ireland, June 14, 1712; d. 
July 5, 1751. IL; came to Pa. while young; 
was educated at Tennenl's Acad, at Neslia- 
niiny ; settled as a i)reaclier in Shrewsburv, 
N.J., in May, 1734, and, in 1740, established an 
acad. at Fogg's .Manor, Chester Co., Pa., and 
took pastoral charge of tho church at that 
place. He pnb., in 1744, "A Narrative of a 
uevival of Heligion in Several Parts of Pa " 
A vol. of his writings, pub. in Phila., 1734, 
contains an elegy by Samuel Davies, one of 
his scholars. John, his bro, jirof. of divinity 
at N.J. Coll. 1767-9,d. Dec. 8,1771. He pub. 
a few sermons. 

Blair, S.vmuki., D.D. (U. of Pa. 1790), 
son of the preceding, b. Fogg's Manor, Pa., 
1741; d. Germantown, Pa., Sept. 24, 1818. 
N.J. Coll. 17G0. Tutor at Princeton, 1761-4 ; 
settled as collcagno of Dr. Sewall over the Old 
South Church, Boston, Nov. 26, 1766, having 
been ordained as a Prcsb. in 1764. Chosen 
pre.--, of N J. Coll. 1767, declined. Dismissed 
from Old .South, Oct. 10, 17G9, on account of 
ill health and theol. differences. Returned 
to Phila. in consequence of loss of voice and 
impaired health, resulting from shipwreck be- 
tween Boston and Phila. He was the |irincipal 
founder of the Eng. Presb Cbnrcb, Uerman- 
town ; was often a member of the Pa. As- 
sembly ; was 2 years chaplain to the Continen- 
tal Congress, and in., in 1769, a dau. of Dr. 
Sliippcn of Phila. He pnb. an oration on tho 
death of George II., 1761. 

Blake, Geouoe a. H., brev. brig.-gen. 
U.S.A., b. Pa. ; 1st licut 2d Dragoons, June II, 
1836; in acliims with the Seminolcs at Fort 
Mellen and Jilpiter Inlet in 1841 ; capt. Dee. 
1839 ; engaged at Cerro Gordo, Puebia, Coii- 
trcras, Moliiio del Hey, Chapultepec, and City 
of Mexico, in the Mexican war, 1846-7; brev. 
maj. for gallant and meritorious conduct at St. 
Augustine, Mcx. ; innj. Ut Drags., July, 1830, 
ami served against the Apache and Navajo In- 
dians; lieiit.-iol. 1st U.S.cav. May, 18GI ; col. 
Feb. 15, 1862; slightly wounded at Gaines's 
Jlill.Jan. 1862; present nt the actions at Aldio, 
Middletown, Uppervillo, and at Gettysburg, 
for which brev. brig. -gen. 

Blake, GLonoE Shitu, commo. U S.N., 



jaTL.A. 



BLA. 



b. WoiTostcr, Ms., 1 80.1 ; d. T,oiit;woocl, ^[.•^., 21 
June, 1S71. Son of Friiniis Bluko, a ilisiinj;. 
lawyer of \Vm\'csttT. Midsliipni. Jan. 1, 1S18 ; 
Hunt. Mar.3l, 1927 ; cruised in" The GRimpns" 
on the \V. 1. station for the suppression of 
pirai-y ; was employed in 1832 on a special 
survey of Narrajransctt Bay; from 18.')5 to 
1846, on the coast survey, and in 1846, when 
the Mexican war liroke out, com. the 10-gnn 
brig " I'crry."' While cruising off Cuba, he 
encountered the great hurricane of that year. 
" The IVrry " was wrecked on the coast of 
Flu., but was got otT, and taken to I'liila. under 
jury-masts. He was made commander, Feb. 
•J7, 1847, and attached to the bureau aof con- 
struction and equipment. Uc was employed on 
special duty connected with the Stevens Bat- 
tery. Sept. 14, 18o,i, he was made capt., and, 
in 1857-6.1, was supt. of the U. S. naval acad. 
Soon after the civil war broke out, the aciid. 
was removed to Newport. On the re-organiza- 
tion of the navy, July 16, 1862, Capt, Blake 
was promoted to be commodore. Light-bouse 
inspecioi, 1866-9. 

Blake, John Lauris, D.D., author, b. 
Northwood, N.H., Dec. 21, 1788 ; d. Orancc, 
N.J., July 6, 1857. B. U. 1812. Manifesting 
a taste for mechanics, he was apprcniiecJ to a 
cabinet-maker ; then studied at Phillips Exeter 
Acad.; was some years a teacher; was ord. a 
Prot.-Epis. clergyman in 1815; organized the 
parish of St. Paul's at Pawtueket, U.I., where 
he continued 5 years ; established a young lady 's 
sem. at Concord, N.II., in 1820, which ho re- 
moved to Boston in 1822, and continued, with 
high reputation, until 1830 ; i)astor of St. Mat- 
thew's Church, Boston, from 1824 to 1832, and 
edited the Literary Advertistr and the Gospel 
Ailrocale. Uc was a prolilic writer, having 
written or compiled nearly 50 vols,, mostly text- 
books for schools. His tirst lx>ok, '• Text- 
Book of Geogrnphy and Chronology," ajipeared 
in 1814. He is the author of a Biographical 
Dictionary, a new edition of which was pub. 
in 1856; a "Family Encyclopaidia," roy. 8vo; 
" Farmer's Every Day Book," 8vo, 1852 ; 
" Moilern Farmer," 12mo*, 1853; "History 
of the Amcr. Uevol.," 18mo, X.Y. 

Blake, JosEm, gov. of S.C. in 1694, and 
from Ifiilfi to bis death in 1700. He was a )iro- 
prictarv, and a nephew of the famous Admiral 
Blake.' 

Blake, WitLl.vM HrJiE, Canadian jurist; 
d. Toronto. Nov. 15, 1870. Chancellor from 
1849 to 1862. Many years prof, of law in the 
U. of Toronto. 

Blake, William Rufcs, comedian, b. 
Halifax, X.S., 1805; d. Boston, 22 Apr. 1863. 
lie was intended for the medical profession, 
but at 17 went on the stage at Halifax, and tirst 
appeared at the Old Chatham Theatre. X.Y., 
in 1825, as Frederick in "The Poor Gentle- 
man," and in Ellision's favorite character in 
the " Three Singles." He visited Eng. in 1 839. 
He had been stage-inanuger of the Tremont 
Theatre, Boston, joint manager of the Walnut- 
St. Theatre, Phila., and staye-mannicr of the 
Broadway Theatre, X Y. lie cxcelletl in the 
delineation of old men and eccentricities, at- 
tained the head of his profession, and as " Jessie 
Rural " in " Old Heads and Young Hearts " 



was incomparable. Author of " Xero," " The 
Turned Ilea.l." an ailaptation of " Norman 
lycslie," and " The Bu.:gs."' a burlesque. Ho 
m. Mrs. Waring, a sister of Henry and Tom 
Placiile. 

Blakeley, Jouxstov, capt. TJ.S N., b. 

Sealoi-d, Co. Down, Ireland, Oct. 1781 ; lostat 
sea in 1814. U. of N.C. 1800. His father 
emigrated to Wilmington, X.C. The members 
of his family dying one by one, he was left 
alone in the world, and had also the misfortune 
to lose the little ivninant of ilicir projierty. A 
friend gave him an education, and nrocured for 
him a midshipman's warrant, Feb. R, 1800. 
Jlade lieut. Feb. 10, 1807 ; master com. Jnlr 
24, 1813; capt. Nov. 24, 1814. In 1813, ho 
com. the brig " Enterprise," and did good 
service in protectin;; our co.asting trade. In Aug. 
be was app. to " The Wasp," in which, June 
28, 1814, he captured, after an action of 19 
minutes, in latitude 48° .36' north, H. B. M. 
ship " Reindeer." which he was obliged to 
bum. This severe action showc<l the manifest 
superiority of Amer. gunnery. " The Rein- 
deer" made 3 attempts to lionnl. in the last 
of which her gallant com. was slain. For this 
exploit, Congress voted him a gold medal with 
suitable devices. Sept. 1, 1814, in a severe 
action with the brig " Avon," he compelled her 
to strike ; but the approach of another enemy 
prevented his taking possession of her. " The 
Wasp " was afterward spoken off the West- 
ern Isles, and, on Sept. 21, captured the brig 
" Atalanta," which arrived safely in Savannah, 
and brought the last direct intelligence ever 
received from " The Wasp." Being heavily 
armed ami sparred, and very deep waisted, she 
probably foundered in a gale. His only cliild, 
a dau., was educated at the expense of the 
State of N.C. 

Blanc (bl5n), Anthony, D. D., first 
arcbbi?hop of N. Orleans, b. Lyons, France ; 
d. X. O., June 20, 1860. He came here quite 
young, was consecrated bishop, Nov. 22, 183S, 
and archbishop in 1851. 

Blanc, ViNCiiNT LE, author and traveller, 
b. France, 1554; d. 1640. He travellc<l in 
Asia, Africa, and America, from the ag« of 12 
to 60, and in his " \'oi/n;ics Fanititx," 1648, 
gives an account of Canaila. — Clmrlrvoix. 

Blanchard, Col. Josei-h, sohlicr and 
judge, b. Dunstable, near Nashua, N.H., Feb. 
11, 1705; d. Apr. 7, 1758. He was a manda- 
mus councillor from 1740 to 17.')S; judge of 
the Sup. Court of N.H. from 1749 to 1758 ; 
com. a N.H. regt. in 1755, and was ent:aged at 
Crown Point. He was a great siK-culator in 
lands, and in conjunction with Rev. Samnel 
Langdon, D.D., proiluced a map of N.H., pub. 
1761. 

Blanchard, Thomas, mechanic and in- 
ventor, li. Sutton. Ms.. 24 June. 1788 ; d. Bos- 
ton, 16 Apr. 1864. While engaged with his 
bro. in the manufacture of lacks by hand, be 
invented a machine which made .500 per min- 
ute, and sold the patent for S.'i.OOO. He also 
invented " a lathe to turn the whole of a mus- 
ket-barrel from end to end, by the combination 
of one single self-directing operation." 'he 
lathe for turning irregular forms, now in use in 
all armories, for making musket-stocks, also 



13L-A. 



97 



applicil to liusts, shoe-lasts, handles, spokes, 
&c., unci a machine for liernlin;;; timbers, oiUcd 
the " ComiKnind Bend." lie was also cn';a<;cd 
in the construction of railroads and locomo- 
tives, and in boats so contrived as to ascend 
the rapids of the Coniieclicut and the western 
rivers. He had taken out 24 patents tbrdilVer- 
ent inventions; and. though he stru^.'sled long 
against discouragements and diffieulries, he ul- 
timately acquired wealth. — Ui^liuii's American 
Manufhctiirers. 

Blauchelande (blOnsh'-lond'), Phili- 

ISERT KRAXtois KoussEL DE, Frcncli gen., b. 
Dijon, 17.i.') ; d. Apr. U, i:9:}. Entering the 
army at the age of 12, his courage and good 
cominct obtained (or him rapid promotion, and 
in 1779 he was .sent to America with the regt. 
d'Aiixerrois, of which he was major, and, soon 
after its arrival at Martinii|ue, lieut -col. lie 
successfully defended the Isle of St. Vincent 
against the English, which service procured 
him the rank of brigadier; assisted at the tak- 
ing of Tobago, of which he was made gov. in 
1791, but which he soon exchanged for that of 
Dominica, which he retained until his return to 
France at the epoch of the Ilevol. Ilcwassent 
to St. Domingo as gov. of the French part of 
the i>land ; but evincing openly a disposition 
to re-establish the old order of thing's, in oppo- 
sition to the decrees of the National Assembly, 
giving the blacks equal rights, he was taken to 
France, brought belbrc the Revol. tribunal, 
conilenined, and executed. His son soon after 
shared his late. 

Bland, KiCHAni), an able political writer, 
b. Va., 1708; d. \Villiamsl)urg, Va., Oct. 28, 
1776 Wm. and Mary Coll. and 'U. of Edin- 
burgh. He was a fine classical scholar, familiar 
witli British and Va. history, and was the ora- 
cle of his time on all questions touching the 
rights and privileges of tbo Colony. A disting. 
member of the house of burgesses from 1745, 
he opposed the Stamp Act in 1764, with great 
zeal, and was one of the committee to memo- 
rialize the king, lords, and commons, but 
opposed the famous resolutions of Patrick 
Henry in 176.5. In 1768, he was one of the 
committee to remonstrate with parliament on 
the subject of taxation. In 1769, when the 
house was dissolved, and its members met at 
the Ualeigh Tavern, he was among the first to 
sign the non-importation agreement there pro- 
posed. He was one of the committee of cor- 
resp. i:i 177" ; of safety in 1775-6; was promi- 
nent in all the committeesof the conventions of 
that perioil ; was a delegate to Congress in 
1774. and was again chosen, Aug. 12, 1775, but 
declined. He pub. " A Letter to the Clergy on 
the Twopenny Act." in 17C0; "An Inquiry 
•nto the Rights of the British Colonies "in 
I7G6, the first and ablest tract written on that 
sid)ieet. 

Bland, Coi,. Theodoric, M.D., states- 
man and soldier, b. Prince George Co., Va., 
1742; d. New York, June 1, 1790. Through 
his grandmother, Jane Uolfe, ho was fourth in 
descent from Pocahontas. John Randolph 
was a nephew. He received his doctor's degree 
at Edinburgh; returned home ah. I7C4, and 
Dractised medicine, but distinguished himself 
as a leader of vols, in opposing Lord Dunmore, 
7 



and soon after pub. a series of bitterly indig- 
nant letters against the gov. under the signa- 
ture of Cussius. Made capt. of the 1st troop 
of Va. cavalry, be joined the main army in 
1777 as lieut. -col.; became col., ami signalized 
himself upon many occasions as a vigilant and 
energetic officer, particularly at Brandywine. 
In 1779, ho com. the convention troops at Albe- 
marle Barracks, Va. ; was a member of the Old 
Congress, 17S0-3, and, subsequently, of the 
State legisl. Ho opposed the adoption of the 
U.S. Constitution in the convention, but repre- 
sented bis State in the first Congress held under 
it, and spoke in favor of the assumi)tioii of the 
State 'debts, though oppo.sed l)y all his col- 
leagues. " The Bland Papers," pub. in 1840 
and 184.1, by Charles Campbell, contain valua- 
ble memorials of our Kevol. history. Col. 
Bland was a poet, as well as a patriot, and was 
highly esteemed not only for his integrity, and 
devotion to principle, but also for his social 
acccMiiplisluncnts, which set off an elegant and 
impusiui; ).ersnn. 

Bland, Tiii:odoric, jurist, 22 years chan- 
cellor of Md., b. 1777; d. Annapolis, Wd., 
Nov. 16, 1846. He began bisjudieial career in 
Bal;imore, as judge of the County Court, from 
which station he was raised to the bench of the 
U. S. Dist. Court for Md. He ])ub. " Iveports 
of Cases decided in the High Court of Chancery, 
Md.." Bait.. 18.3G-H. 

Blaquiere, Pkter Boti.e de, Canadian 
politician, b. Dublin. Apr. 27, 1784; d. York- 
viUe, near Toronto, Oct. 1860. Son of John, 
Lord de B. of Ardkill. He was a midshi))man 
at the battle of C.imperdown, but left the navy, 
and emigrated to Canada in 18.'57. Member 
of the legislative council from 18.18 to 1860; 
some time chancellor of the U. of Toronto. 

Bledsoe, Albert T., teacher and author, 
b. Ky. West Point. 1830. Lieut. 7th Inf ; 
resigned 31 Aug. 1812; instr. of math, and 
French in Kenyon Coll., 18.1.1-4; prof, of 
math., Miami U., 1835-6; lawyer in Spring- 
field, 111.. 1840-8; prof, math! and astron., 
U. of Mpi., 1848-53, and in U. of Va., 
185-1-61, afterward t.iking part in the Rebellion 
against the U.S. Author of " Exam, of Ed- 
wards on the Will," 1845 ; " A Theodicy or 
Vindication of Divine Glory," 1856; " Essay 
on Liberty and Slavery," 1856. Contrib. to 
many literary, sclent, and thcol. reviews. — 
Ciilliim. 

Bledsoe, Jesse, a distinguished advocate 
and jurist ol Ky. ; U.S. senator from 1813 to 
1815 ; ]>rof of law in the U. of Tiansylv., and 
chiof-instica of tlie Supreme Court of Kv. ; 
d. Nacogdoches, Texas, June 30, 1837. Yield- 
ing to habits of intemperance, he became a 
miserable outcast ami wanderer. 

Bleecker, Ann Ei.iza, poetess, b. New 
York, Oct. 1752; d. Tomhanick, above Alba- 
ny, Nov. 23, 1783. Youngest dan. of Brandt 
Schuyler, she in 1769 in. John J. Bleecker, 
lived with him oneyearat Ponghkeepsie ; then 
removed to Tomhanick, whciu'c she was 
driven by the news of the approach of Bur- 
goyne's army. After much suflFcring, they es- 
caped to Albany, and thence to Red Hook, re- 
turning home after Burgoyne's surrender. Iler 
pieces are to be found in the early iiuiubers 



BLK 



98 



BLO 



of tlie Snf-Vorh Mai/nzlne ; nnd a collection 
of luT stories anil " poetics " in a vol. wan pub. 
ill 1791 l)V her dan., Margarutta V. Fau);cres. 

Bleecker, Hermanus, LL. I)., M. C. 

181 l-l.-l ; charged' tiff\ilri's at the llajjue, 18.19. 
li. Allmny, 1779; d. there Jnly 19, 1849. He 
was a lawyer by profession, and opposed, in 
t'i)n;,'nss, the ^Var of 1812. Regent of the 
N. V. U. \»->>. 

Blenker, Lewis, briji.-gen. vols., b. 
Wciiins, Hesse Darmstadt, 1812; d. at his rcs- 
i.l.iuL' ill N. ,J., Oct. ;!1, 186;). Bmught up by 
lii^ tutlier, a jeweller, he at 20 enlisted in the 
liavariim Lo;;ion, which was raised to aecom- 
paiiy the newly-electid King Oiho to Cireece. 
He then stiiclicil ineilicine at Munich; engaged 
ill the wine-trade at Worms; and in 1849 be- 
came a leader of the revolutionists of that city, 
being burgomaster, and com. of the national 
guard, lie fought in one or two successful en- 
gagements with the Prussians; but the revol. 
was soon completely cruslic<l, and he fled to 
Switzerland. Ordered, in Sent. 1849, to leave 
that country, he came to the U. S., and settled 
in N. V. City, where ho was engaged in busi- 
ni;ss until 1861. He then raised the 8th N. Y. 
Vols., and, early in July, was pnt at the head 
of a brigade of the 5th division, Col. Miles. At 
the first battle of Bull Run, he covered the re- 
treat with great steadiness, and for this service 
was made a brig.-gen. vols., Aug. 9, 1861. He 
com. a division of the Army of the Potomac 
until the commencement of the Yorktown cam- 
paign ; when he was ordered to Western Va., 
pariiiipating in the battle of Cross Keys, June 
8, ISGJ. Gen. Fremont, after entering the val- 
ley of Va. in July, 1862, relieved him from 
duty ; and he was ilisehaiged from'service. Mar. 
3 1. "186.1. 

Bleunerhassett, Herman, noted for his 
unfortunate coniieelion with Aaron Burr, b. 
Hampshire, Eng., 1767; d. in the Island of 
Guernsey, 1831. U. of Dublin. He was of 
Irish descent; practised law in Dublin, and, 
being a republican in principle, emigrated to 
Ainer., after marrying .\delinc, grand-dan. of 
Gen. Agnew, in 1796. He settled on an island 
in the Ohio, opposite Marietta, where he had an 
elegant residence, furnished with taste and lux- 
ury. Burr was his guest in 180.5. and succeeded 
in involving him in his treasonable sehemes, in 
wliiili his credulity, as well as his embarrassed 
piiiiiiiary situation, disposed him to engage. 
Ho invested largely in boats, provisions, arms, 
and ammunition, left his iiome and friends, and 
went to Ky. Warned of Burr's real designs, 
he returned to his home, greatly disheartened ; 
but, through Burr's solicitations and the ]ier- 
siiasions of his wife, he pcrsisteil. His property 
was seized and sold, and he was prosecuted as 
an accomplice of Burr, but was discharged, 
broken in tnind, and bankrupt. He was sub- 
fecpiently a cotton-planter near I'ort Gibson ; 
removed to Montreal in 181 9, nnd practised law, 
bat in 1822 went to the West Indies. His wi- 
dow returned to N. Y., and preferred claims 
against the U. S., but d. in 1842, while prose- 
cuting her suit. A memoir, by Wni. H. Saf- 
ford, was pub. at Chillieotlie, 12mo, 1831), nnd 
•Ciiiciii., 8vo, 185.). 

Sliss, Col. William Wallace Smith, 



U.S.A., h. in Xorthern N. Y., Ang. 1815 ; d. E. 
I'aseagoula, .Mpi., 5 An;;. IS'i."). West Point, 
1 8").'). Son of dipt. John of the Revol. army. 
Assist, pnif. of math, at W. Point in 183.'>— JO; 
brev. capt.and assist, adj.-gen. in Taylor's army 
in Fla. in 1840 ; brcv. maj. and liciit.-eol. for 
Palo Alto and Biiena Vista, Mexico, nnd also re- 
ceived a gold medal and a sword from his native 
Stale. He m. Pres. Taylor's youngest dan. 

Blissett, Francis, comedian, b. London, 
ab. 177.); d. Guernsey, Kng., 1848. He was 
the son of an eminent comic actor of Bath ; 
came with Wignell's company to Phila. in 
Kg.l, from which he withdrew in 1821, having, 
by his father's death, come into possession of n 
competency, and retired to the Isle of Guern- 
sey. Though a famous comedian, he was a 
confirmed hvpochondriac. — Wood's Hecollec- 
lions iifthi- J^ldi/r. 

Blodget, Samcel, remnrknblo for enter- 
prise, b. Woburn, Ms., Apr. 1, 1724; d. Ha- 
verhill, Ms., Sept. 1, 1807. He was engaged 
in the cxped. against Lonisbnrg in 1745, and 
was before the Revol. a jud:;e of C. C. P. for 
Hillsborough. Having in 1783, by a machine 
of his own invention, raised a valuable cargo 
from a ship sunk near Plymouth, he went to 
Europe to undertake similar jnterprises, but 
met with discouragements in Spain and in Eng- 
land, where he pio|ioscd to raise " The Royal 
George." On his return in 1791. lie com- 
menced the manufacture of duck, ami in 1793 
removed to N. H., and began the construction 
of the canal, which bears his name, around 
Amoskcai; Falls. 

Blondin, M., E.milk Gravelet (his true 
name), was 1^. France, ah. 1830. In 1855, he 
was engaged by Win. Nililo to perform with 
the Ravel troupe in New York, and was subse- 
quently part proprietor of a circus. June 30, 
1859, he accomplished the wonderful feat of 
crossing the Niagara River on a liglit-rope, 
and has since jierlormed feats still more as- 
tounding. 

Bloodworth, Timothy, statesman, d. 
near Washington, N.C, Aug. 24, 1814, a. 78. 
He was 30 years a memljcr of the N. 0. legisl.; 
member of tlie Contiu'-ntal Congress in 1 786-7 ; 
M. C. 1790 nnd I79I ; U. S. senator, 1795- 
1801, and nftcrwartl collector of the port of 
Wilmington. He was bronglit up in poverty ; 
was, by turns, farmer, smith, preacher, doctor, 
wheel wriglit, and |)olitician, and was one of the 
kindest and most charitable of men. 

Bloomfleld, Joseph, statesman and sol- 
dier, h. W„u(lbridge, N.J.; d. Burlington, 
N.J.. Oct. •). lS2t, "He studied law until the 
bieakiug-out of the War of Inde|)endencc; was 
made a cnpt. in Dayton's regt. (3d N.J.) in 
1776, nnd served through the war, attaininf; 
the rank of major. He was subsequently atty.- 
gcn. of the State; was gov. in 1801-12; was 
brig.-gen. during the War of 1812-15; M.C. 
1817-21 : and was chairman of a select commit- 
tee on Revol. pensions. He was a firm Repub. 
in politics, a brnve soldier, nnd a sound legis- 
lator. 

Blount, Thomas, soldier and statesman of 
N.C, b. 17611; d. Wajhington, DC, Feb. 7, 
1812. Son of Jacob, nieinber of the Provin- 
cial Assemblies of 1775-6, from Ncwbern; 



BliO 



99 



BOA. 



brother of Wm. and Willie. He volunteered 
in the Revol. army at 16 ; became dop. pavm.- 
(»en. in 1780, and, with the rank of maj., com. 
a halt, of X.C. militia at the battle of Kiitaw 
Sprin;;s. He became a maj. -gen. of militia ; 
and was M. C. in 1793-9, 1800-9, and in 
ISII-li. 

Blount, William, statesman, b. N. C, 
1744; d. KncKville, Tenn., March 21, 1800. 
He was a delc^raic from N.C. to the Old Con- 
(;ress in 1782, 3, 6, and 7 ; member of the assem- 
bly from Newborn in 1780 and 1784; a signer 
of the Federal Constitution in 1787, and, in 
1790, was app. j;ov. of the Territory of Ohio. 
Chosen pres.of the convention to form the State 
of Tcnn. in 1796, he was its representative in 
(.'on<;ress, but was e.\pellcd in July, 1797, for 
having instigated the Creeks and Cherokees to 
assist the British in conquering the Spanish 
territory in La. The proceedings against him 
increased his popularity in Tenn., and he was 
elected to the State senate, and chosen pres. 
of that body. 

Blountj Willie, Gov. of Tenn. from 1809 
to 1815; d. near Clarksvillc, Tenn., SepL 10, 
1835, a. 68. He was see. to his bro. William 
while territorial gov. of Ohio ; afterwards re- 
moved to Mont'omery Co., Tenn. ; was soon 
returned to the legisl., and in 18.34 was in the 
convention that revised the State constitution. 
Blowers, Sami'Sox Salter, jurist, b. 
Boston, Mar. 22, 1742 ; d. Halifax, JJ.S , Oct. 
25, 1842. H. U. 1763. Grandson of Rev. 
Thomas B., minister of Beverly (1701-29). 
He studied law under Gov. Hutchinson. 
With Adams and Quincy, he was engaged as 
junior council in 1770 in the defence of the 
British soldiers concerned in the " Boston Mas- 
sacre." Being a loyalist, he went to England 
in 1774, but returned in the spring of 1778 to 
his native city, and, aftera short imprisonment, 
went to Halifax, where he successfully pursued 
his profession until raised to the bench in 
1795. In 1785 was app. atty.-gen., and speak- 
er of the house of assembly; and in 1797 
chief-justice of the Supreme Court, having had 
for some years a scat in the council. In I8UI, 
he became presiding judge, which office he re- 
signed in 1833. — Sahine. 

Blunt, Kdmund, engineer, son of E. M., 
h. Xewliuryport, Ms., 23 Nov. 1799; d. Brook- 
lyn, X.Y., "2 Sept. 1866. At 17, he surveyed 
N.Y. harbor; until 1833, he was engtiged in 
surveys of the W. Indies, Guatemala, and the 
coast of the U.S., on his own account. From 
1832 to his death, he was 1st assist, on the U.S. 
coast survey. He introduced into the U.S. the 
Fresnel ligiit.and invented the dividing engine. 
In 1855-6, hefurnished the points to determine 
the exterior line of N.Y. harbor. 

Blunt, KDMt:ND March, nautical writer, 
b. Portsmouth, N.H., 20 June, 1770; d. Sing 
Sing, N.Y., 2 Jan., 1862. He was a book-sell- 
er, and pub. the Newburyport Herald. In 
179C, he pub. his first "Coast Pilot," which 
is still in use, and which has been translated 
into most of the languages of Europe. He 
also pub. " Stranger's Guide to N.Y. City," 
1817. and numerous nautical books and charts. 
Blunt, James (i., maj.-gen. vols., b. Tren- 
ton, Me., 20 July, 1826. From 14 to 19 years 

L.crc. 



of age, he was a sailor. Removing to 0., ha 
grad. at the Sterling Medical Coll., Columbus, 
1849; practised in UarkeCo., O., until 1856 ; 
and then settled in Anderson Co., Kan., as a 
physician and farmer. He was a prominent 
leader in the free State party in 1856-7, an<l .i 
member of the convention which formed the 
present constitution of the State. In July, 1861, 
he was made lieut.-col. 3d Kan. vols. He com. 
the cavalry of Gen. Lane's brigade, and, Apr. 
8, 1862, was app. brig.-gen., and assigned to the 
department of Kan. Oct. 22, 1862, he eiiga^-cd 
a Confeileratc force at Maysville, near the X. W. 
corner of Arkansas, and totally routed it. Nov. 
28, 1862, he attacked and drove Marmaduke's 
forces at Cane Hill, Ark. ; with Gen. Herron, 
defeated Hindman at Prairie Grove, Dee. 7, 
and on the 27th and 28th defeated a body of 
reliels, and captured Van Biiren, a fort on the 
Ark. River. In June, 1863, he was relieved 
from com. of the Kan. dep't, and took the lield 
with the army of the frontier. July 16, 1863, 
he defeated Gen. Cooper at Honey Springs, 
near the Ark. River; maj.-gen. Nov. 29, 1862. 
Reside- in Leavenworth, Kan. 

Blunt, Joseph, lawyer and politician, son 
of Kiiiiiiiiid M.. b. Neivburvport, Ms., Feb. 
1792; d. X.Y. City, June 16, 1860. He was 
first brought to notice by writing on the Mo. 
question in 1820. Soon after, he wrote for the 
y. A. Rtrliir an article on tlie Laybach Cir- 
cular, which brought him into acquaintance 
with leading national men. He was long a 
leading Whig and protectionist, and was one 
of the first members of the Repub. party, and 
drew up the original resolutions of the Repub. 
State convention at Saratoga in 1854. -Mr. 
Blunt declined the commissioncr^liip to China 
oliered him by Pres. Fillmore. He was district 
atty. not long before his death. He edited 
the Aiiifncan Annual Register, 1827-35. He 
pub. " Historical Sketch of the Formation of 
the American Confederacy," N.Y., 8vo, 1825; 
" Speeches, Reviews, and Reports," 8vo, 1843 ; 
"Merchants' and Shipmasters' Assistant," 8vo, 
N. Y., 1829 and 1848. 

Boardman, George Dava, Baptist mis- 
sionarv, b. Liverniore, Me., Feb. 8, 1801 ; il. 
Burmali, Feb. 11,1831. Water. Coll. 1822. 
His father was a clergyman. He studied at 
the And. Thcol. Sem. ; was ord. at West Yar- 
mouth, Me., Feb. 16, 1825 ; m. Miss Sarah 
Hall, July 4, and on the 16lh sailed for Cal- 
cnlta, where he arrived Dec. 2. Acquiring the 
Burman language, he entered upon his labors 
at Maulrnain in the latter part of May, 1827, 
and planted a mission which became the central 
point of all the Baptist missions in Burmnh. 
In Apr. 1828. he established amissionat Tav^oy, 
where he soon afterwards bapti/.ed Ko-mah-byn, 
a Karen convert, whose labors were very suc- 
cessful among his countrymen. In Feb. 1828, 
he made a tour among the Karen villages with 
such success that he determined on a systematic 
course of itinerary labor. His exertions oc- 
casioned the loss of bis health ; and he was 
earned off by consumption. 

Boardman, Henhv Aug., D.I)., clergy- 
man and author, b. Trov, N.Y., 9 Jan. 1808. 
Y. C. 1829. Since 183.3, pastor lOtli Presb. 
Church, Phila. Chosen in 1853 to till the chair 



BOS 



100 



BOL 



of pnstornl thcoloiry at Princeton, he ileclincd ii. 
Ilf has put). " The Scriplunil Doctrine of Oii- 
final Sin," 18.19; " Letters to Uisliop Doanc 
on the ().\foril Tracts," 1841 ; "The Prclaticnl 
Doctrine of the Apost<ili<nl Succession Kx- 
nniineil," 1844; "The Bible in the Fnmilv," 
18.il ; '• The Bihie in the Countii>g-Iion>e," 
lS.i.3 ; some sermons, an J n enloj,'ium on 
Daniel Wel.siir. — Dmickiiick. 

BoerusteiQ, Ilt.vRV, journalist, b. Ilanti- 
linr;;, tjcrmany, 4 Nov. 1805. His parents re- 
moved in 181.') to I^embcrK, where lie received 
nl the U. ft medical education. After serving in 
the Austrian army, he was some years con- 
nected with the sta^c in Vienna; became man- 
ager of the German (.Ipera at I'aris in 1842, 
and a playwrijjht, and came to the U. S. in Dec. 
1848. Ill Mar. 1850, he became pub. editor 
ami proprietor of the Aiitcii/tr </«.< IIVji^eHS at 
' St. Louis, one of the most Influential German 
pamrs of the wi'st. — A'l/imi </'s Gmit West. 

Bogardus, J.v.MiiS. inventor, b. Cat.-kill, 
X.Y., 14 .Mar. 1800; apprenticed to a watch- 
maker, 1814; invented the Ring Flyer for 
coiton-spinninjr, 1828; a dry pns-mcter, 
18-32; an en;;raving machine, 1836; a 
machine for pressing glass ab. 1840, and many 
other mechanical improvements. His factory 
in N.Y., constructed, in 1S47, entirely of iroii, 
was I he first erected in tin; U. S. of that material. 
Aiiotlur remarkable invention of his is the 
].yronieter. 

Bogardus, Gkn. T?ouert, near 50 years 
a practitioner at the N.Y. bar: d. N.Y. Citv, 
S.pt. 12, 1841, a. TO. Col. 4Ist Inf. from JulV 
29. I SI 3. to .Tunc, 1815. 

Bogart, l^LizABiiTti, poetess, b. N.Y. City; 
contril). to the X.Y. Mirmr under the now de 
/'/'/»«'" Ksielle." — See Speriments in *' Giis- 
V ' 'fl'f! Ft mule Pnets of Aniefira.** 

BoggS, Charles Stuart, rear-admiral 
U.S.N., b. Brunswick, N. J., Jan. 28, 1810. 
Nephew of Ca])t. James Lawrence, lie entered 
the navy, Nov. 1, 1826; lieut. Sept. 6, 1837; 
was in " The Princeton " of Com. Conner's 
squadron during the Me.xican war ; was present 
at the siege of V^cra Cruz ; com. boat exped. 
which ilestroycd " ThcTruxton " allcrhersur- 
icndtr to the Mexicans ; commander, Sept. 14, 
ISJ"). and assi;;ncd by the sec. of the navy to 
the U.S. mail-steamer " Illinois." which lie com. 
3 years He then became lighthouse insp. 
for Californin, Oregon, and Wasliington Ter- 
ritory. In 1861, be was ordered to the gunboat 
•■ Varuna " of Farragnt's Gulf squadron. In 
the attack on the Mpi. forts, Apr. 18-24, he 
destroyed 6 of the Confederate gunboats, but 
finally lost his own vessel after driving his an- 
ta'.:cmist a«lioro in tlanics He returned to 
WasbiiiL'ton as bearer of despatches ; was 
ordered to the command of the new sloop-of- 
war "Juniata ; " was promoted to the rank of 
capl.July 16, 1862; commodore, July 23, 1866 ; 
com. steamer " De Soto," N. Atl. sijuad. 186T- 
8 ; rear-adni. July, 1870. 

Bohlea, Hknry, bng.-gen. vols., b. Ger- 
many ; killed in Va., Aug. 22, 1862. He came 
to Anier. young, and settled as a iiquor- 
nicrchant in Pliila. In 1861, he became col. 
75ih Pa. (German) vols., and was attached to 
Gin. Blenker's corn. Made brig.-gen. of vols. 



Apr. 28, 1862, he served under Fremont in 
^^ estern Vu., disiing. himself at the battle of 
Cross Keys, June 8, and was sjiecinlly com- 
mended for his services in the Shenandoah 
Valley under Gen. Siggl. He covered the re- 
treat of the arinv of Va. across the Rappahan- 
nock, and fell while directing the niuveincnts 
of his brigade in a skirmish near that river. 
His sun, who was on u vi.sit to his native land, 
d. in Undcn-Badcii on the same dav with his 
father. 

Boker, George Henry, dramatist and 
poet, b. I'hila., 1823. N. J. Coll. 1842. He 
studied, but never practised law. Alter a tour 
in I^iiro|)e, he returned to I'hila., and, in 1847, 

Iiub. " The Lesson of Life and other Poems." 
le has also written " Calaynos," a tragedy, 
1848, successfully |>erformcd in London ; 
"Anne Boleyn,' " Lconor de Guzman," 
"Francesca da Rimini," "The Betrothal," 
" The Widow's Marriage," a comedy, and 
some minor jioenis, " War Lyrics," " All the 
World a Alask," " Konigsmark and other 
Poems," and " Plays and Poems," 2 vols. 

Bolivar y Ponte ( bo-lee'- varc pon'-ta), 
SiJiox. the ■ lilnrator " of Colombia, b. Ca- 
racas, July 24, 1783; d. San Pedro, near 
Santa Maitha, Dee. I", Ia30. Of a wealthy 
Creole family, he was educated at Madrid and 
Paris. He returned from a second visit to 
Europe in 1809, and, in 1810, was sent by the 
Revolutionists on a mission to puixhase arms, 
and solicit the protection of the British Govt. 
In Sept. 1811, Miranda, the insurgent chief, 
gave him the rank of lient.-col. and the com. 
of Puerto Cabcllo, the strongest fortress of 
Venezuela. In Jan. 1813, he beaded an 
ex])cd. at Carthagena against Venezuela, 
which in a short time left to the Spaniards 
only the fortress of Puerto CalK'llo. The vic- 
tories of Boves, however, soon changed the 
aspect of afliiirs. Bolivar who had been made 
dictator, was defeated by Boves, Aug. 8, 1814 ; 
distrust and dissension ensued among the repub- 
licans; anil Bolivar returned to New Granada, 
where he was made com. -in-chief; hut his mili- 
tary operations were unsuecesslul, and on the 
arrival of Moriilo with Spanish re-cnforce- 
ment.s, March 25, 1815, Bolivar fled to .Ja- 
maica. In concert with Louis Brion, he under- 
took an exped. April 16, 1816, against Vene- 
zuela, and by July 20, 1817, the Spaniards 
had evacuated the whole of the provinces. 
Nevertheless, by the end of May, 1818, lie had 
lost a number of battles, and ail the provinces 
lying north of the Orinoco. The convening 
of a national Congress, and the aid of foreign- 
ers, again turned the scale. He was made jires. 
of Venezuela in Feb. 1819, and in Aug. 
entered Bogota in triumph. In June, 1821, 
he gained the victory of Carabobo. The Re- 
iiiiblics of Venezuela and New Granada liav- 
ing united, under the name of the Republic of 
Coloinbia, in 1821, Bolivar was elected pres. 
In 1823, he went to the assistance of Iho 
Peruvians,' aideil tliera in establishing their 
independence, and was rewarded with supreme 
authority, which he resigned in Jan. 1825. la 
1825, he was declared perpetual protector of 
Bolivia ; for which State he framed a constitu- 
tion, giving to tlic pres. for life irresponsible 



BOL 



101 



BO>r 



powers. The purity of liii motives was called 
in (question ; uiid lie was chaij^cil with aiming 
at a perpetual dii-tutorship. f acz, the Vice- 
Prcs. of Venezuela, revolted, sccietiv insti- 
gated, it is said, b_v Bolivar, wiio led his body- 
guard and I, SOU i'ei'uviaiis a^Minst the i'el>els. 
When they met, he coiiKniied Paez in his com., 
rebuked the liicnds ot the constitution, and 
assumed dictatorial powers, Nov. 23, 1826. 
In Dec. 1826, lie was declared ])res. for life of 
I'eru, which had adopted the Bolivian code. 
His aim was the erection of the whole of .S. 
Aiiierica into one republic, with himself as its 
dictator. The Culuinbian troops in Peru hav- 
ing revolted, Gen. Lamar was made pies, of 
Peru, and, driving out the Colombi.ins, waged 
a successful war against Colombia; and the 
Congress of UcaSa, convoked by Bolivar with 
a. view to modily the constitution in favor of 
his arbitrary power, in Mureii, 1828, came to 
naught. Paez having been placed at the head 
of Venezuela, and insurrections having broken 
out in several places, Bolivar resigned for the 
5th time in J.ui. I8'10, but again accepted the 
presidency, and, with 8,000 men, entered Maru- 
caibo; but, being confronted by Paez with a 
strong force, he linully resigned, April 27, 1830. 
Boiivar is repres.;nted as a coward and an un- 
skilful general ; but his services in .«ecuring the 
independence, and in ably organizing three 
great republics, entitle him to distinction 
among the founders of States. 

Bollan, W1LLIA.M, agent of Ms. in Eng. ; 
d. there in 1 776. He was bred to the legal 
]>i'otession ; came to Boston, ab. 1 740, with Gov. 
Shirley, wliose dau. he m. in 1743. lie was 
conspicuous for talent and integrity. In 1745, 
when he had Just received the app. of collector 
of customs for Salem and Marbleliead, he was 
be. it to Kng. as agent to solicit a re-iniburse- 
ineiii of the expenses incurred in the exped. 
against Cape Breton. After 3 years' labor, he 
at last succeeded in obtaining a full repayment 
of the expenditure, £183,649. He was again 
sent to Eng. as agent, but was dismissed in 
1762. In 1769, he obtained from Alderman 
Beckford copies of 33 letters, from Govs. Ber- . 
nard and Gage, calumniating the inhabitants of 
Boston, wliich he sent to Ms., being then in 
the employ of the council ; and this act, for 
which he was denounced in parliament by Lord 
North, restored his popularity here. In 177.'), 
he exerted himself in recommending concilia- 
tory measures to the mother-country ; and John 
Hancock declared in the house of representa- 
tives, that there was no man to whom the Col- 
onies were more indebted. He puli. " Iinpor- 
tiiuee and Advantage of Cape Breton truly stat- 
ed," Lond., 1746; " Colonia; Anglicanio Illns- 
tratae,'' Lond., 1762 ; " Ancient Rignts to the 
A;ner. Fishery examined and stated," Lond., 
1704 ; ". Freedom of Sjieeeh and Writing upon 
Public Alfairs considered," Lund., 1770; "A 
Petition 10 the King in Council, Jan. 26, 1774, 
intended 10 promote the llariiioiiy ot^Great Bri- 
tain and her Colonies." This petition he of- 
fered as agent for Ms. 

BoUman, Eitic, M.O , memorable for his 
efforts lor the escape of Laf.iyette from llie 
Austrian prison of l^linutz, b. Hoya, Hano- 
ver, 1769; d. Jamaica, Ucc. 9, 1821. After 



studying medicine at Giittingcn, ho practised 
at Carlsruhe and in Paris, where he became an 
actor in the Hevol., aiding Count Narboune to 
escape to London. In 1794, aided by Col. 
Friineis linger, of S. C, he atiemiited the lib- 
eration of Lafayette. They rescued him from 
the guard, Nov. 8, but, losing their way, were 
captured. For this attempt, he was imiirisoned 
one year, and then banished. Emigrating to 
Amer., he applied himself to mercantile and 
scieiititic pursuits, especially clicmisiry and 
political economy ; was implicated in Aaron 
Burr's conspiracy in 1806; reiurned to Europe 
in 1814, and attended the Congress of Vienna. 
He afterwards visited S. America. He wroie 
"Paragraphs on Banks," 1810; "Improved 
System of the Money Concerns of the Union," 
1816; " Strictures on the Theories of M. Ki- 
canlo." 

Bolton, WiLL.VM Co.MPTOx, capt. US N., 
b. Eng.; d. Genoa, 22 Feb. 1849. Midship- 
man, 20 June, 1806 ; liont. 4 Jan. 1813; mas- 
ter com. 28 Mar. 1820; capt. 21 Feb. 1831. 
His original name, Wni. Bolton Finch, was 
changcil by a>t of Congress, 14 Jan. 1833. 
He com. " The Vincennes " in 1829-30, and 
the Medit. simad. in 1848-9. 

Bomford, Geokoe, col. of ordnance, U. 
S.V., b. .\. v., 1780 ; d. Boston, Mar. 25, 1848. 
West IVint. Lieut of engineers, 18U5; was 
made capt. 23 Feb. 1808; niaj. July 6, 1812 ; 
inventor of bomb cannoji, called " Columbi- 
ails," used in the War of 1812, afterward in- 
troduced with slight modification, in the French 
service, by Gen. Paixhan, and called " Paix- 
hanGuns;" brev. lieut.-col. Dec. 22,1814, and 
col. of ordnance. May 30, 1832. He won dis- 
tinction in the War of 1812, his skill and in- 
ventive talent being of great use; he being al- 
most the only one well informed in the inanuf. 
of onliiance in the U.S. — ViUliim. 

Bomford, J.^.mes v., son of Col. George, 
b. N. Y. West Point, 1832. Capt. 4 Mar. 
1845; brev. maj. for gallantry in battles of 
Contreras and Churubusco, Aug. 20, 1847, in 
tlie storming-party, and brev. lieut.-col. for 
Molino del Uev, 8 Sept 1847, and disting. 
at Chaiinltepee ; maj. 6th Inf. Oct. 17, 1860, 
lient.-eol. 16th, Jan. 10, 1862; col 8tli Inf. 
May 18.1864. Chief of staff to Gen. McCook, 
at the baitic of Perrvville, for which brev. 
col. 8 Oct. 1862. — Citlhim. 

Bonaparte, CH.\nr.Es Lucies Jules 
L.iiui.M t, prince of Canino and Musignano, 
an eminent orniihologist, eldest .son of Lucien, 
bro. of Napoleon Bonaparte, b. Paris, May 
24, 1803; d. there Julv .30, 18.-)7. A.M.ofN.J. 
Coll. 1825. During the revol. of 1848, he was 
one of the leaders of the repub. parly at Home, 
and in 1849 was vice-pres. of the constituent 
assembly. During his residence in the U.S., 
he pub. a continuation, in 4 vols., of Wilson's 
Ornithology, " Observations on ihc Xomeiicla- 
turc of Wilson's Ornithologv " in the Journal 
of the Acad, of Phila., " A' Synopsis of the 
Birds of the U.S. " for the " Annals of the Ly- 
c.nni of N.V.," and " A Catalogue of Birds of 
the U..S.," in the Contrihuiions of the Macln- 
rian Lyceum of Phila., besides numerous arti- 
cles on ornithology in the same journals. His 
principal work is " Icomyjrafia tlilla Fauna Ilal- 



B02<r 



10;; 



HON 



icu," 3 vols., fol., Rome. IS.'JS— 45. He has nUo 
coiitrib. to various scientific joiirimls. — 6«r 
MtmoiiHiif, wi-ittm I'l/ hliiiatlf, -Y. }'., 1836. 

Bonaparte) Jkrome Natolkon, son of 

Jlidiiii.- (.N'u|)«lcon'8 liio.) an<l Kliziitjuth, iluu. 
ol U'm. I'attorson, niuivlliiiil of Uallimoie. 
B. Kny., July 7, ISO.'); <l. Ilultiniore, June 17, 
1870. 11. U.' 1826. His mother, who had ni. 
Jerome on his visit to Aiiier. iis ciipt. of u IVi- 
Ciile. in Dec. 18t)'l, antl who was iil>aniloned 
by him on aceonni of Niipoleon's displeasure 
nt ilie match, returned to the U.S. during his 
hoyhoud, ami ho was reared in Uullimore. He 
siudicil, hut never practised, law. Karly in life, 
he ni. Susan May, dau. of Uenjamin Wil- 
liams of Uoxbury, .Ms. He resembled Xa|>o- 
leon, more than either of his own brothers di<l,. 
in the shape of the head, regularity of teaturcs, 
and tlie dark eyes of peculiar tint which char- 
acterized the emperor. He had two sons, Je- 
rome and Charles Joseph. 

Bond, GiioRGK PuiLLirs, director of the 
Caml)ridt;e Uliscrvatury, and Phillips Prof, of 
Bstrouomv. ML'., Iruni'l859 to his d. Feb. 17, 
1865, b. li.>rclK>tcr, M>., Alay 20, 1825. H.U. 
1845. Son of \Vm. Crunch Bond. Meraberof 
the Acad, of Arts ami Sciences, and an astron- 
omer of the hi{;liest rank. He received from 
the Royal Astron. Soc, London, a gold med- 
al for his great work on the Donati Comet. 
Author of papers on the Rings of Saturn, on 
the Orbits of Hyperion, on the Nebula of An- 
dromeda, on Stellar Photography, &c. 

Bond, Hk.nrv, M.I}., physician and 
genealogist, b. Watertown, Ms..' March 21, 
1790; d. Phila., Mav 4, 1859. Damn. Coll. 
1813. Grandson of " Col. Wni. Bond of the 
Kevol. army, who d. near I'iconderoga, 3 1 Aug. 
1776. lie studied medicine, settled first in 
Concord, N.H., and in Nov. 1819, in Phila., 
where he resided till his death. He was the 
uuthorof many valuable pa[>ers on prolessiomtl 
subjects, and contrib. largely to medical and 
other journals ; was a member of numerous his- 
torical anil other socielies, and of religions and 
charitable asM>ciatiiins, and was several vears 
prcs.of the Phila. Board of Health. Besides his 
liigh repniation as a physician, he obtained that, 
also, of being a successful and thorough gene- 
alogist. In 1855, he pub. his " Genealogies 
and History of Watertown, Ms.," unrivalled 
among works of its kind. — See -Y. E. Hist. 
ami <;.nral. liei). xiii, 17-4. 

Bond, Sii.vDR,vcH, gov. of III. 1818-22, 
b. Md. ; tl. Kaskaskia, III., 13 Apr. 1832. An 
early cmig. to 1:1. ; many years a disting. 
member of the territ. legisl ; deleg. to Con- 
gress, 1811-15, and, in 1815, app. receiver of 
public moneys. 

Bond, 'i'iioM.v8 Kmebsos, M.D., D.D., 
Meth.-Kp. clergvman, b. Baltimore, Feb. 
1782 ; d. N.Y., Afarch 19, 1856. Engaged in 
practice in Baltimore, he rapidly rose in the 
profession, and was called to a chair in the 
Med. Coll. of Md , which he filled until de- 
clining health obliged him to resign. He 
unitcil himself early with the M. K. Church, 
and filled, for many years, the oliice of n local 
preacher. During what was termed the " Rad- 
ical Controversy," he edited the llimiaiit, de- 
tending with much ability the polity of his sect. 



For 12 years, hcoonducted the Chrisliaii Advo- 
rute wid JoantiJ, its leading olhcial organ, earn- 
ing the title of " Delender of the Church." 

Bond, William Crascii, astronomer, b. 
Portland, Me., Sept. 9, 1789; d. Cambridge, 
Ms., Jan. 29, 1839. While an apprentice to 
his lather, a watchmaker, he showed a love for 
astroimmy, and at an curly age established a 
private observatory at Dorchester. In 1815, he 
went to ICurope, and executed a comiuission 
from H.U. lor a contemplated observatory. In 
1838, he was app. by the U.S. Govt, to conduct 
a series of astronomical and meteorological 
observations in connection with the exploring 
exped. then fitting out. In 1839. he was app. 
superintendent of thcercclion of the observatory 
of H.U., of which he became director. He 
rankeil among the greatest astronomers of his 
time. He pub. " Result of Astron. (Jbserv. in 
1852-3," 4to, Camb., 1855. In 1842, the honor- 
ary degree of A..M. was conferred upon him by 
H U.; and he was a meinberof the Acad, of Arts 
and Sciences, of the Philos. Soc., and of the 
Royikl Astronomical Soc. of London. 

£onham, MiLLBUuc L. ,gen. C.S.A., h. 
S.C, ab. 1815. S.C. Coll. 1834. He studied 
law ; was adin. to the bar at Columbia in 1837, 
and settled at Kdgerield, C.H. Served in Mex- 
ico at the head ot a batt. of S C. troops ; was 
solicitor for the Southern Circuit, from 1848 to 
1850; and was .M.C. from 1856 until the with- 
drawal of the meml)ers Irom S.C, — Dec. 24, 
1860, alter the secession of that State. App. 
maj.-geii. of the S.C. troops, and afterward 
brig.-gen in the Conled. army, and took part 
in the battles of Blackburn's Ford and Bull 
Run. Being elected to the Confederate Con- 
gress, he withdrew from the army ; gov. of S.C. 
1 862-4, and then resumed his military position, 
which he held at the time of Lee's surrender. 

Bonner, Uo»krt, proprietor of the X. Y. 
Liiljir, b. Londonderry, Ireland, ab. 1820, of 
Scotch Presb. ancest. While a lad in the 
]irinting-oftieo of the Uurljurd Counml, he could 
set up more type in a dav than any man in the 
State. He went to N.V. City iii 1844; pur- 
chasing the Ltdijer, an obscure sheet, he 
brought it to the high position it now occupies, 
by engaging Fanny Fern, Fdw Kverett, 11. W. 
Beecher, ami other cmiitent writers, as contrib- 
utors. By industry and sagacity, he has ac- 
quired a large lorlune, and has made the Ltdger 
tlie lorcmost weekly paper in the world. 

Bonneville (bon'-vel), C. i>e, a French 
engineer, b. Lyons, ab. 1710 ; d. ab. 1780. He 
was a capt. of engineers, and after serving in 
Prussia, and being imprisoned some time in 
the Fortress of Spandau, was employed in the 
war against the English, terminated by the 
peace of 1763. While in America, he turijcd 
his attention to the study of the productions of 
this part of the world, as well as the mauners 
of its inhabitants, and pub., in 1771, " De 
rAme't'i'fiie tl dt:H Ani&icaiHs," Sic. Bonneville 
was the at^thor of several other works ^ .Yoiic. 
Uiof/ C'liir. Siif'f*!. 

Bonneville, Bi;xjAMtN L. E.,hrcv. brig.- 
pen L' .^. A., b. Teiin. West Point, 1815. 
Licnt. of artillerv, Dec. 11, 1815; assist, com- 
missary of subsist. Oct. 1813; capt. 14 Oct 
1825; maj. Cth Inf July 15, 1845; coiu 



BON- 



103 



BOO 



that re-t. in th« Vullov of Mexico ; l.rcv. litfut - 
col. lur CiMitieras and Cliurubusco, Aug. 20, 
1847 in wiiicli he «as woumli'd ; licut.-col. 4tli 
Inf. Mav 7, 1849; col. 3d Inf. Fob. 3, isr.j ; 
com. in "the Gila exped. in June, 1857; retimi 
Sept. 9, 1861 ; made brev. bri;,'.-;,'en. Maicli i J, 
186.V Authorof a Journal of an Exped. to the 
Koekv Mountains, edited by Waslungton Ii- 

Boanycastle, Cuvrles, matliematician, 
,. Woolwich, En-., 1792; d. at the U. of A a., 



D. WUOiwit", ij<i^., It..-, — — - 

Oct 134U. John, his father, was prof ol math 
eniaiics at the Military Acad, of Woolwich, 
and was assisted by his son in the preparation 
of several elementary Iwoks on mathematical 
snlijects, occasionally wriiin;; articles tor the 
cncyclopaidias and lor periodicals. App. hrst 
prof, of natural philosophy in the U. ot V a., 
r,e arrived in the U.S. in Feb. 1825, and in 
1827 he was, at his own request, traiistencd to 
the chair of matlieiiiatics. Author ot a treatise 
on Inductive (Iconietry, and several memoirs 
on scientitic subjects. 

Bonnvcastle, Sir Uich.ird Eesry, uro. 

of the preeedinj;, b 1791 ; d. 1848. He served 
at Flu--liinf; in 1809, in Canada in 1812-15; 
became capt, of royal cnuineers in 182.i; \vas 
com. engineer in Canada West, from 183. to 
1839 • was kiiiKhted lor services in the deteiice 
of Kingston, Canada, in 1837 ; was com. en- 
gineer in Xewfoundland. and in 1848 was made 
lieut.-col. He is the author of " The Canadas 
in 1841," "Canada as it Was, Is. and May 
Be," &c, and "Spanish America," Loud., 2 
vols., 1S18. — .Uw'/n/i. . . r- u 

Bonpland Ibr.n'-plon'), Aime a French 
traveller and naturalist, b. La Uochclle, Aug. 
22 1773; d. Santa Aiia in Uruguay, II May, 
1858. While a medical student, he was, tor 
a short time, a surgeon in a man-of-war. At 
Paris, he became the pupil of Corvisart, and 
the friend and fellow-student of Humboldt, 
whom he accomp. in the scientitic journey 
described in Hnmlwldfs " Voy-'ge '» ''',« 
Equinoctial llegions of the New Worm. 
After 5 years' absence, Bonpland presented Ins 
collectiJnsto the govt., and was rew;irded with 
•i pension Made intendant of Malmaison, 
lie devoted himself to the publication of his 
trivels but, on the death of the Empress Jose- 
nhiiie 'returned to Amer., reaching Buenos 
Avces in 1816. Having set out on his travels 
to' the Andes, he visited the old missions of 
the Jesuits in Paraguay, where he was arrested 
bv the a.'cnis of the dictator Francni, i» '821, 
,vh.) detained him in the country, and forced 
him to support himself by the practice of nied- 
i.ine in an Indian village. He was released in 
Feb 1831, alterward m. an Indian woman, 
nnd retired to a plantation near Borja in 
Urif'uav. His " Sova Genera et 6/»ne< flan- 
mn</«."'l2 vols., folio (Paris, 1815-29), with 
700 colored plates, is one of the tinest works 
ev,r priute.l. Author, also, of " •'<l""|'"-;i''' 
Plants of Mexico, Cuba," &c.,2 vols., fol., 140 

'' Boomer, Geougb Boaudmax, l»rig.-sen. 
voU. b. Sutton, Ms.. July 26, 1832 ; killed at 
Vick-bur" Mpi., Mav 22, 1863. Son of Kev. 
.1,.:, Borden Boomer.' Settled at an early ago 
ai S' Louis, as a bridge-builder. He laid out 



nnd partly built the town of Castle Rock 
on the OMige Uiver. As col. 22d Mo. Vols., 
he was present at the surrender of Island No. 
10 and, at the battle of luka, was disting.,ana 
severely wounded. At the battle of Champion 
Hills, "near Vicksburg, he com. the 2d bri- 
gade of Quinby's div., McPhcrson's corps, with 
such eon-picuous gallantry, that he was highly 
rccommciidcl for promotion. Killed in a 
chai-'c on ilie Ibrtifications of Vicksbiirg. 

Boone, 1)axii;l, pioneer settler ot Ky., b. 
Bucks Co., Pa., II Feb. 17.35; d. Cbarcite, Mo , 
26 Sept. 1820. His parents, who were Eiigli-b, 
removed to the Va.lkin River, N. C, wlicre 
Boone became a skilful hunter and woodMiian. 
From May, 1769 to .Mar. 1771, he was explor- 
ing thewi'ldsof Kv., whither, in Sept. 1773. he 
led a party of settlers. In June, 1774, he con- 
diicied a "party of surveyors to the tails ol 
Ohio, and, in the campai-n against the Shaw- 
nees, defended against their attacks 3 trontier 
forts. In April, 1775, he built the fort where 
Boonesborough now stands, and repulsed sev- 
eral attacks made at various times by hostile 
Indians. 7 Feb. 1778, while making salt at 
the Licking River, he was captured, and taken 
to Detroit. Adopted into an Indian tamily at 
Chillicothe, he escaped, June 16, on learning 
of an intended attack on Boonesborough, 
reaching the fort, 160 miles distant, in 4 
days In 1780, he took part in the disastrous 
battle of the Blue Licks, where he lost Ins 
second son, and accomj). Gen. Clarke s exped. 
against Vinceiines immediately atlcrward. In 
1795, having been deprived of the lands he had 
settled, in consequence of an imperfect lega 
title, he indignantly shouldered his riHe, and 
pluii"ed into the forests of Missouri. Here a 
valuable tract of land in the Femrae 0-age 
district was given him for his services, which 
he also lost, because he would not go to New 
Orleans to complete his title. He bad lelt 
Kv. in debt, but eventually obtained a valuable 
lot of peltrv, turned it into cash, went on foot 
to Kv., paiii every one whatever was demandwl, 
and "returning home with half a dollar, said ho 
was ready to die content. Notwithstanding 
his many' Indian encounters. Boone was a 
lover of "peace, and was moral, tcniiierate, and 
chaste. In 1810, he went to live with Ins son- 
in-law, Flanders Calloway. His iiortrait, by 
Chester Harding, is in the State House ot Ivy. 
An account of his adventures, by himself, was 
pub. in Filson's Sup|.lenirnt to Imlay s De- 
scription of the W.slern Terr.. 1793. His son 
Nathan L.,col. U.S.A.. >erved in the Wjir of 
181-'- d. Spriii-tield, Mo, .Jan. 185,, a .5. 

Boone, Wh.ma.m .I<>ni;s, D.l)., Prot.-Ep. 
mi^~iollary, bishop to Slianghai, China, !•. 
SC., 1811; d. Shanghai, July 17, 1864. Ho 
stuilied law. then theology, at the seni. at Alex- 
andria, Vii., and, in Jan. 1837, went as a mis- 
sionary to China. Consecrated bishop, 26 Oct. 
1844. ' Having a thorough knowledge "' Chi- 
ne,se langn ige and literature, he tr.mslated the 
prayer-book in 1846, and was selected to 
review the translation of the Bible, in which 
he displayed great ability and learning. 

Booth, Euwix F., actor, son of the cele- 
brated J II Uooth, b. on his lather's larm, 
near Baltimoie, Md., in Nov. 1833. He was e<i 



uoo 



104 



ins "..a "^ "n i^l'lk-r 1 "'=r'""'"^y play, 
as Tr" a- , ■ 1 1 ', ■y,'r.S"'"-«'--P'- '0. 1849, 

£on^':fe-;:;;;:^'l:i;^-;;i:^.p- 

mu.lo a pr..fessiunal visi, „, E,i- i ,; . , 

"■I- I.I ISbtf, he iTc-ctc'c oil a.-iil St \' V , 
"ja^'nihooiit theatre. Hi. ,irs wiie illr - 

pj;i ••e;:^v^::;;-,I^ j^- ^^'- I'i^ H^i 

^eee„tl^r;--;-;^^:.^^.-, 

ivo^l". h.mthso.iia,, Heports. [„ boh 

Booth "7 """ui '■•^' ^^""l''^'^" '^•■■■•fi^ 

r.cMUuit Lwic.n, b. Ilarlonl Co , MJ I8i<l • 
cii-ow from the sia^-c early i„ ISul >,., ,h ^" 

po.e. as is su,,po.e;i, of i^ouin^*,,. ", , .i'^-'- 
:^™l;;e.T:x--^i^™;tHr';r^:^ 

hnn;; the fi.tul.hot at Mn Lineoh a Fo rl 

&u:Sa'"hert^^KJ^;:;^:^ 

wl;ri:!:"b:;r'""''!'"='"''''""" 
«.njn.::;;^^no!:;;:;;!':;^i:^!!«5-::j:oo 

"•Vith Hm.l.! an ,h " ''"'■*'' '"'■ '''™- 

;v.m- his broken lii„b was J^ u'^.^^^ 

th3k°uH^"' ',?"•' '"'^"•»-' "H' S- 
p.in.iiiiiock lit bwan Pomt, niakiii" hi* w.,. 

«i.h jjrx-utUiUculty to Gar;etfrF:;r„.!"aV:;-o 



BOO 



Booth, Jlsil-s Brltl-9, the -rentest of 
American ,ra.^e,liaiis, b, l.on.ion, AI^"'T 96 

hi-noiheranie^filest," :,:;^-;^;;;;^. 
After trvms various avocaiions. he johieU . 

^atC^yentOar.:^'^.--!^-;'- 
Mb- with the famous E.lmun.l Kcan Th^ 

z::i^t,:'. '"■"■■^ ^"''. '"""<••'-•<' "^i-"' '«>«'' 

for „ ■ ^'?' '"' "Plx^'ara-'cc was the si-na 
.h viiw hl'.rf""''"^'™' r'- "■'"-'• resiil tel n 
J.I n is;."l "'''"^'' t"'" ""-' Lo"''o"s.ase 

ISirk Theatre N.Y.. i^i' his 'fi^-^lH^e^';, i« , « 
his 111 hea<-te<l ,i, ,#arl.v every theatre i„ ,|,e 

nl ihf V Oh r ,T . ; *' "r>|«-af«iire was 

S"'1,;t,: """?"," '"' » »'' »'- 1" 

me; ?„ ,h' ""'"?'■""'' Si"- Kdmnn.l Mori 

in w *>P^7«'on of eonceniraie.1 pas- 
.-ion.— as also in the more quiet and subiH^ 
ScVTs:;/''" ''"'r'""-. •-« exerei"ej v ^ 
sin.^n „H?H "mT '"" ?"'"">f«- His voiec nas 

Kni^^;tS;:t^^'"^--p''- 
Svl^'^'^^^T^'I'TT----''- 

c trii\ni. i\o anima food was nprmirtn.i ;„ 
;s fa.nilv.„„,, all animal life'vu^Ti er': Z 

tern.r ^V'",'""'' "" '"™' °f reli^-io,. and 
al temples of devotion ; never passin- ilu"™ 

dre'i'Tlh :",""." "'^ •?^''"'- S"orrof"ns"hir 
a Id on o/'t^l" •''?rV°" "[^'^ J^a-atie talent ; 
«ll., ■ ■ ' • '^""■". his attained an cnvi 

aWe poMiion on ,lie Ameriean boanls. - b>e 

» is., ab. li..,o hho resided n few vears in 
Zuneh lor the benefit of her impaired" I ealih 
coneH.oi.ain,. „ ,tl. some Ainerie!:,, pape'^.l^'i' 



BOO 



10.3 



BOS 



journals, and, in 1864, pub. a vol. of pocra«, 
" Wayside Blossoms." She returned to N.Y. 
in iliat vpar. 

Booth, M.inv L., author and translator, h. 
Yiiijh.inl;. L.I., April 19, IS.-il. In 1845-6, 
she tau;.'ht in her father's school at Willianis- 
btii';;, L.I., hut relinquished the pursuit un ac- 
count of ill health. She then became a con- 
trib. to various journals and magazines. She 
h IS translated manv works from the French. 
In IS59, she pub. "A Hist, of the Citv of New 
York " She is at present enpiged in translat- 
ing; Henri Martin's " History of France." — 
DiuirlHnrk. 

Sorda, Jeas Charles, a scientific French 
navij,Mtor, b. I)ax, 4 May, I'M; d. Paris. 20 
Feb. 1799. He was a teacher of mathematics; 
became acapt. in the French navy, and by his 
scientific knowledge was of <freat service to the 
Count D'lCsiaini; during the Arner. war, in 
which he com. the " Solitaire" with distinction. 
Made a member of the Acad, of Sciences in 
17.56. In 1771, he made a voyage to Amer. 
for scientific purposes, and again in 1774, and 
at a later period, of which he pub. an account 
in 1778. He founded the School of Naval 
Architecture in France, invented nautical in- 
struments, was one of the scientific men who 
framed the French metric system, and pub. 
some treatises on hydraulics. Jlember of the 
French Institute. 

Sordeu, Simeon', civil engineer, b. Fall 
River, Ms., Jan. 29, 1798; d. there Oct. 28, 
18J6. Brought upat Tiverton, R.I., hcstudied 
mathematics and geometry, as applied to me- 
chanical combinations, and made himself one 
of the ablest practical mechanics of his day. 
Becoming a surveyor, he made liisown survey- 
ing compass, took charge of a machine-shop in 
Fall Kiverin 1828, and in IS'iO devised and 
constructed for the State of Ms. an apparatus 
for measuring the base line of the trigonomet- 
rical survey of that State, of which he took 
charge in 1834-41. An :u;count of it may be 
found in " The Amer. I'liil. Transactions," vol. 
ix., p. 34. He traced and marked the boundary 
lines between Ms. and K.I. ; also constructed 
several railroads, and jiub. in 18.51 "Formula 
for Constructing Railroads." In 1851, hesus- 
pended a telegraph-wire across the Huilsim, 
from the I'alisades to Fort Washington, upon 
masts 220 feet high. Member of the Acad, of 
Arts and Sciences, the Philos. Society, and 
other learned bodies. 

Bordley, John Beale, judge and agric. 
writer, b. Annapolis, Md., Feb. II, 1727; d. 
Phila., Jan. 26, 1804. A lawyer by profession, 
he was prothonotary of Baltimore Co. in 
175.3-66; judge of t lie Prov. Court in 1766, 
nndof the Admiralty Court in 1767-76, and 
a commissioner to fix the boundary line be- 
tween Md. and Del. in 1768. He was one of 
the few who held seats in the I'rov. omncils 
of the time, who acquiesced in the Kevol., and 
rejoiced in its accomplishment. Removing to 
I'liila. in 179.3, he established tliere the first 
agric. society in the U. S. Fond of husbandry, 
by his experiments upon his estate in Wye Is- 
land, in Chesapeake Bay, and by his writings, 
he was instrumental in diffusing a knowledge 
of theart. He pub. "Forsyth on Fruit-Trees, 



with Notes ; " " On Rotation of Crops," 1792 ; 
" Kssavs and Notes on Husbandry and Rural 
Atrair.>,wiih plates." 1799-1801 ; and " A View 
of the Courses of Crops in Eng. and Md.," 
1784. 

Borland, Solon, soldier and statesman, 
b. Va. ; d in Texas, Jan. 31, 18G4. Kdncated 
in N.C. Settled as a physician in Little Rock, 
Ark. Served in the Mexican war as niaj. in 
Y'ell's caval. ; made prisoner with Maj. (iaines 
in Jan. 1847, and aide-de-camp to Gen. Worth 
in the battle of lOlMolino, .and up to the capture 
of the city of Mexico, Sept. 14, 1847. U. S. 
senator from Ark. from 1849 to 1853, and 
was app. by Pres. Pierce minister to Central 
Amer. He also received from him the app. 
of gov. of the Territory of New Mexico, but 
declined. An insult offered him in May, 1854, 
at San Juan de Nicaragua, was the principal 
cause for the bombardment of the town by Com- 
mander Hollins of the sloop-of-war "Cyanc," 
Jidy 13, 1854. He resumeil practice at Little 
Rock, until the spring of 1861, when, long 
lietbre the secession of the State, he raised a 
body of troops, and, Apr. 24, took possession 
of Fort Smith. He held the rank of brig.-gen. 
in the rebel army. 

Boseawen, Edward, a Brit, admiral, b. 
Aug 14, 1711 ; d. Jan. 10, 1761. Capt. R.N. 
12 Mar. 1737. Having particularly disting. 
himself at Portoliello and at Cartliagena, he 
was in 1744 promoted to" The Dreadnought " 
of 60 guns, in which he took " The Media." 
At the battle oft" Cape Finisterre in 1747, he 
signalized himself under Anson, and, being 
made a rear-admiral, was despatched in 1748, 
with a squadron, to the East Indies. Failing in 
an attempt on Pondieherry, he succeeded in 
making himself master of Madras, and, upon 
returning to Eng., took his seat at the admi- 
ralty board iti 1751. In 1755, be sailed for 
N. Amer, and, in an action with a French squad- 
ron, captured two ships of the line. In 1758, 
he succeeded in reducing Louishnrg ami Cape 
Breton in conjunction with Gen. Amherst, who 
com. the land forces; and in 1759, having 
then the com. in the Mediterranean, pursued 
the Toulon fleet under De la Clue through the 
Straits of Gibraltar, and, coming up with it in 
Lagos Bay, completely deleatcd it, burning 
two ships, and taking three. The thanks of 
parliament, and .£3,000 a year, with the rank 
of gen. of marines, was the reward of these 
services. M. P. 174.3-61. 

Bostwick, David, Presb. divine, b. New 
Milford, Ct.. Jan. 8, 1721 ; d. N Y. Citv,Nov. 
12, 1763. A. M. of \. J. Coll. 17.56. .John, his 
grandfather, came from Cheshire, Eng., to 
Stratford, Ct., ah. 1668. After teaching in an 
acad. at Newark, N. J., he was pastor of the 
church at Jamaica, L. I., from Oct. 9, 1745, to 
M.iy, 1756, and of the I'resb. church in N.Y., 
from 1756 till his death. He was a man of 
great eloquence. He pub. a sermon, " Self 
disclaimed, and Christ exalted," 1758; a 
" Life of President Davies." prefixed to bis 
sermon on the " Death of George II." 1761 ; 
and a " Vindication of Infant Baptism," repub. 
Lofid., 1765. — Sfirtii/ue. 

Bostwick, IIelev Lodise (Barrow), 
poet, b. Charlestown, N.H., 1826. Dau. of Dr. 



BOS 



106 



Borr 



Piiln«m Riirrovv ; rcmoveil to O. in 183S; ni. 
thcro in 1844; resiJus ut Kiivi'nnn, O. Uini; 
a cunirili. to literary journnls. A veil, of Ikt 
poems liin been pnli. in N.Y.. cntitleil " Umls, 
Illossoins, und Berries." — Poelt aiul Poelii/ 
ofth, Wrsl. 

BOSSU, F., « French traveller, ti. Bai^'ncux- 
Ics-juifs, lib. 1725. Ciipt. in the niivv, he wns 
one of the first travellers who cxploreil Ln. 
He maile three journeys in this conntry by 
order of his j;ovornnient, nnd pub. an account 
of bis di<coveries, in two works, entitled 
** .YoHCcdur Voifwtisaux Imlles (ItviJuttnifS," titc. 
Paris, 176S. translated into Kn'Jish by J. B. 
Forstcr. with the title of " Travels throu:;h that 
Part of North America formerly called F^onisi- 
ana, I-oml., 1771; and " .Vi«(r«iiir Vmiwjfs 
duns IWtn&ii^ue SefittntrioitaU,*' Amsterdam, 
1777. 8vo. 

Botetourt, NonnoxxK Berkelkv, Bar- 
on di', lino of the last and best of the royal 
jrovcrnors of Vn., b. ab. 17.'14; d. Williams- 
bur';. Va., Oct. 15, 1770. Sim of .Tolin isyincs 
Bei kolcv ; was col. of the N. Gloucestci-shiro 
mililia I'li 17G1 ; represented that shire in par- 
liament, and in 1764 wivs raised to the pi-er- 
nge. Ilavin'j ruined himself by j;aininjj, he 
bocanie, says Junius, " n cringing;, bowing, 
fawning, sword-bearing conrtier." In July, 
1768, ho was made gov. of Va. Instrncted to 
assume more dignity than was usual with 
colonial governors, ho paraded the streets of 
Williainslmrg with guards, a coach, and other 
insignia of vice-regal pomp. The Va. Assem- 
bly, having in 1769 passeil resolutions against 
parliamentary taxation, and the sending ac- 
cused persons to Eng. for trial, was dissolved 
by him. Ho was deeply mortified by the wid- 
ening of the breach Iwlwcen Eng and the 
Colonies, and soon after d. of disease aggravated 
by mental suffering. In 1774. a statue was 
erected to bis memory bv the Assembly. He 
was a warm friend to \\ illiam and Mary Coll. 
and was extremely partial to literary men. 

Botta, AxxeCihri.otte (Lvxcii), poet- 
ess, b. Bennington, Vt. Her father, one of the 
United Irishmen of '98, was banished for life, 
anil came to Amer. Miss Lynch, who was 
cdncatcil at Albany, began early to contrib. to 
literary journals ; pnb. at Providence, in 1841. 
" The li I. Book," and soon after removed to 
N. Y. City. A coll. of her |)oems, illustrated 
by I)nr:in'd, Darley, Hnntington, Brown, and 
other artists, has been pub. Her prose contribs. 
to wriodicals, consisting of essays, talcs, and 
criticisms, are nuinen>ns. She was m. in 1855 
to Vineen/.o Botta, nephew of the historian of 
America, formerlv doctor of philosophy and 
divinity in the tJ. of Turin, member of the 
Sanlinian parliament of 1849, and author of 
a work on public edncation. pub. nnder the 
patroiiMge of that government ; author, also, 
of " Ilimd-book of I'niversal Literature." 

Botta, C.^ni.o OifsEPPE GroLiELMO. an 
Italian historian, b. Sail tiiorgio Canavese, 
Piedmont. Nov, 6, 1766; d. Paris, Aug. 10, 
18;)7. He received a medical education at Tu- 
rin, and occupied his leisure in studying liota- 
ny. music, and literature. In 1792, he was 
iitiprisoncd, and put to the torture, on a politi- 
cal accusation, but, after 17 months' incarcct^ 



ation, eslnhlislietl his innocence, and was ro- 
leased. He then went to France, sen-edas a sur- 
geon in the Army of the Alps, then in that of 
Italy, andiiroduced his first work, — apian of 
gov't, for Loinbanly. While stationed in 1796, 
in the Venetian Islandsof the Adriatic, he wrote 
his " Historical and Miilical Description of the 
Island of Corfu." In 1798, he was app. a mem- 
ber of the provisional govt, of Pii-dmont, which 
the Austni-Uii-sian invasion soon lerininated. 
He went to Kninee, and was restored to his 
rank in the medical stuff ol the Army of Italy. 
After the battle of Marengo, he was one of the 
executive commission for the govt, of Pied- 
mont, and in that capacity procured the release 
from prison of the man wlio had caused his own 
imprisonment and lorluiv. Ho also aided in 
the estalilisbinent of a perniaiient fund for pub- 
lic in>triiiiion. When, in 1802, Piedmont was 
re-annexed to Frame, be lieciime a member of 
the administrative council, and in 1803 was the 
repn'sentative of the dept. in the deputation to 
Bonaparte. He then pub. his " rrAit IJis- 
toriqufi (it- lii ^faison rfe 6'a(w et i/h Piemonl/* 
In 1804, he represented the dept. of the Dora in 
the Icgisl. twiiv.and thenceforth resided in Paris. 
In 1808 and '9, he was vice-pros, of the legisl. 
assembly. On the fall of Napoleon, he retired 
to private life. In 1815, he pub. •' 11 Camilla 
o vi'jo nmqnisUiln," an epic poem in 12 cantos. 
From 1817 to 1822, he was nrior of the aead. 
of Uoncn. His " Hi>tory of Italv, from 1789 to 
1814," appeared in 1824. In 18";H), he pub. his 
" History of Italy, from 15:t2 to 1789." His 
" History of the American Revel." was pub. 
in Paris in 1809, and was translated by G. W. 
Otis of Boston. It was long the best work on 
that siibjict. 

Botsford, WiLLiAa, jurist, b. N. Haven, 
Ct., Ai>r. 177.1; d. Sackvillc, X.B., 8 May, 
1864. Y.C. 1792. Amos, his father, a lovalis't, 
b. Newtown. Ci., yi Jan 1744; d. St. 'John, 
14 ,\Iar. 1812 (Y. C. Kti.l). He was a law- 
yer, and was two years speaker of the X. S. 
assembly. Tlio son was iidm. to the bar in 
1795; was judge of Viie-.\ilniiraltv of X. B., 
1802-7; member of the asseml.lv", 1812-17; 
speaker, 1817-23 ; solicitor-gen. 18l'7-1823, and 
was jiid^'C of the Supreme Court in 182.'?-46. 

BottS, Joiix Minor. Whig politician, b. 
Dumfries. Prince Win. Co., Va., 16 Sept. 1802; 
d. Hichmond, Va., 8 Jan. 1869. He lost his 
parents at the burning of the Kichmond Thea- 
tre in 181 1. Adm. to the bar in 1820, he prac- 
tisctl 6 years, and then retired to a farm in Hen- 
rico Co. Prominent in the legisl. in 183.')-9; 
M. C. 18.19-43 and 1847-9; a supporter of 
Mr. Clay for the Presiileiiey in 1844 ; afterwards 
attiicbiHl himself to the Amer. party; opposed 
the r\'|K'al of the Mo. Coiii|)rinnise, and did bis 
lu'st to prevent the secession of Va., after which 
he retired to his farm, an object of hatri-d to 
his tillow-citir.ens. In Mar. 1862, he was taken 
at night, and kept in prison 8 weeks in solitary 
conlinement. In 1866, he was prominent in 
the Southern Ixjyalists' Convention, and In- 
Iwreil caniestiv for the early restor.ition of his 
State to the l"iiion. After the war, ho pnb. 
" The ( in'at Rebellion, its Secret History, &e." 

Boucher, J<»xath.\x, Pr.-Ep. clcp.-vman, 
b. Blencogo, Cuinb. Co., Eng., 1738; d. T.\>- 



BOTJ 



107 



BOU 



som, 27 Apr. 1 804. He came to Amor, in 1 754 j 
was a private tutor some time ; alterwari] an 
Kpis. Ller;,'yman at Hanover and St. Mary's 
Parish, Va., until 1775, wlien, being a loyalist, 
liis estates were coiiliscated, anil lie went to 
En;;., where lie was, until his d., vicar of Kp- 
eom. He pub. in 1797 "A View of the Causes 
and Conseijucnces of the Amer. Hevol.," in 
l;i discourses jircachcd in N. A., 17G;i-:5. He 
sulneL|iniitli- pu|iurril a '■ Glos.-iarv of Provin- 
cial and ArVlia-ol..;;ical Words," purchased of 
his liunily iu 18,'U lor the proprietors of Wcb- 

Boucher (lioo'-sha'J.PiERiu;, gov.of Trols 
]{i\ieic.s, Canada, pub in 1664 an account of 
Canada, eiuitled "llisloire V'erilahle e.t Xittnrelle 
drs Mains tl Pimhirtioiis." He was sent to 
France to represent the temporal and spiritual 
wants of the colony, and lived nearly a cen- 
tury. 

Bouchette (hoo-shCt'), .Joseph, topo^ira- 
pher, b. Canada, 1774; d. Montreal, Ajjr. 9, 
1841. Son of Commo. B., who was di-tin^'. 
in the early o))erntions of the war of the IJevol. 
on the northern frontier. The son, in 1790, en- 
tered the orti<e of his uncle, Maj. Holland, sur- 
veyor-gcn. of Uritisli N. A., to wliicli office he 
sncceedcdiii 1804. He served meanwhile in llie 
prov. navy on the Lakes, and in the Roy. Cana- 
dian Vol.s , until 180:;. He was actively em- 
ployed in the campai;,'nsof ISI.'i and 1814. In 
Ani;. 1814, he went to Ivng. to pub. his topo^. 
and f;cog. descripiion of Canada, which ap- 
peared in 1816. While there, he was app. snr- 
vcyor-gcn.. under the treaty of Ghent, for estab- 
lishing the boundary between the British pos- 
ses.,ions and the U.' S. This lalxir occupied 
him during' the years 1817 and 1818. Dnrini; a 
second visit to En-x.. he pub. "The British Do- 
minions in N. A.," 1831, the result of 15 years' 
labor on the geo^rraphy, topo^jraphy, and sta- 
tistics of the conntrv ; and " Topog. Diet, of 
Lower Canada," 4to, 18.'!2. 

Bouck, Wii.i.nM v., statesman, b. Scho- 
harie Co.. N.Y., 178G ; d. there Apr. 19, 1859. 
He w:is early elected to town offices ; was app. 
sheritf of the county, 1812; member of the 
State Assembly, 181.3, '15, ami '17: State sen- 
ator, 1820; canal commissioner, 1821-40; gov. 
of the State, 1843-5; member of the Const. 
Conv. in 1846; and from 1846 to 1849 .was 
assist, treasurer in N. V. City. The last ten 
years of his life were devoted to n;;ricullurc. 

Boudinot, Ki.i.vs, LL.n. (Y. C. I79n), 
philauthn.pisi. b. Phila., Mav 2, 1740; d. Bur- 
linjnon, N. .J., Oct. 24, 1821. Of Hn-nenot 
descent. He received a classical education, and 
studied law under Richard Stwkton, whose 
sister he m., and became eminent in his profes- 
sion. In 1776-9, he was commissary -gen. of 
prisoners, and in 1777 was elected a delegate 
to Congress, of which body he was chosen prea. 
in 1782, and in that capacity signed the treaty 
of ))eace. Resuming the practice of law. he 
was M. C. 1789-95, and in 1796 succeeded Rit- 
tcnhonse as director of the U. S. mint, which 
office lie resigned in 1805. He devoted himself 
earnestly to the study of biblical literature, 
and, being possessed of an ample fortune, made 
liiieralilouations to various charitable and theol. 
institutions. He was the first pres. of the Bi- 



ble Society, which he assisted in creating in 
1816, and to which he gave 810,000; was a 
member of the Board of Commissioners for 
Foreign Missions, to whom he gave .£100 ster- 
ling ; and was a trustee of Princclon Coll., in 
wliicli he founded in 1805 the cabinet of natu- 
ral history, which cost $3,000. He was deeply 
interested in the efforts to meliorate the con- 
dition of the Indians, to instruct the deaf and 
dumb, to educate youth for the ministry, and 
to relieve the wants and miseries of the sick 
or suffering poor ; and his home was the scat 
of hospitality and benevolence. By his last 
will, he bequeathed his large estate principally 
to charitable uses. Dr. Boudinot pub. "The 
Age of Revelation," 1790; an Oration before 
the Society of the Cincinnati, 1793; "Second 
Advent of the Messiah," 1815; "Star in the 
West, or An Attempt to discover the Long-lost 
Tribes of Israel," 8vo, 1816, in which he con- 
curs with Adair in the opinion that the Indi- 
ans arc the lost tribes. 

Bougainville (boo'-gan'-vel'), Lotjis An- 

ToiNi;, a I'icuch navigator, b. Paris, 11 Nov. 
1729; d. August 31, 1811. He studied for 
the bar, and was adm. a counsellor of the Par- 
liament of Paris. He paid particular attention 
to iiiallicmatics, and pub. m 1752 a work on 
the Integral Calculus. In 17.53, he became 
aide-de-camp to Gen. Chcvcrt. lie then went 
to Loudon as sec. of embassy, and was made 
fellow of the Royal Society. He afterwards 
served as aide-ile-camp under the Marfjuis de 
Montcalm, in Canada, was sent to France in 
1758 to demand re-enforcements, and returned 
to Canada in 1759 a col. and a Knight of St. 
Louis. It was principally owing to his exer- 
tions in 1758, that 5,000 French withstood suc- 
cessfully an English army of IG,0OOmen. On 
the capture of Quebec, where he distinguished 
himself greatly, he returned home, and iti 1760 
was aide-de-camp of Choiseul Stainville in Ger- 
many. Peace ensuing, he engaged in the naval 
service. In his voyage round the world iu 
1766-9, pub. in 1771, he enriched geography 
with a great number of discoveries. He com. 
with distinction ships of the line in the Ameri- 
can war, disting. himself in all the engage- 
ments between the fleets of France and Eng. 
Ho was made commodore iu 1779,und in 1780 
obtained further promotion. In the memora- 
ble defeat of l)e Grasse, " The Auguste,"com. 
by Bougainville, suffered most severely, but 
maintained its station in the line to the last 
extremity, and by a judicious movement suc- 
ceeded iu rescuing 8 sail of his own division, 
which he condiiited safely to St. Eustace. He 
endeavored, incll'ei-tualiy, to allay the disturb- 
ances at Brest iu 1790. Iiut at length retired 
from professional employment, after having 
served in the army and navy with -great repu- 
tation for more than 40 years. In 1796, he was 
elected a member of the geog. section of the 
institute, and afterwards of the liiirfdu del 
homiiluihs. He was made a senator on the cre- 
ation of that body, and afterwards a count of 
the empire. Commersan, who accompanied 
him in his voyau'C round the world, as botan- 
i.st. gave his name to a new genus of plants of 
the family of Nyctaginea, or night-blooming 
flowers. 



BOLT 



108 



BOtT 



BouUle (boo'-.vu'), Francis Claude 
Amoli., Manjuis .le. a FicmkIi Kt-n. b 
AuvcTgno, .Nov. 19, I7;,9; d. Lo.Hlon.Xov'. 14, 
ISO lie entered early „,.o,. a .nilitar.v eareer 
ili»tiii;r. himself m the seven-vears' wl.r • >vas 
npp. ffov. ot Guadaloupe in 1768; and, d'urin^' 
t he Auier war, cuquered Duminica, St. Ku"- 
»'..tia, Toba«o, St. Christopher, xjvis, and 
-Montsorrat, disting. himself no less l.y his ma". 
nanimity than by his prowess. Hcturning To 
ians alter the po.ce of 178.3, h„ was app. a 

I .„;"i ' '""•' "!'"', ""^"ins i« Kngland, 
uiicn. ho roeeived tokens of admiration from 
the merchants, through Holland, and a f;reat 



p« t of Ger„,any and the Cent., he was tnadc 
tluef of the province Trois-L'rer/,^,. In the 
a.s,cmbly of notables, hesnpporied tlR.propo»ed 
reforms of Calenne, and displayed bravcrland 
ability ,11 repress.nj; the oiitbrc^ik <,f the K.irri- 
sons of jMctz and Xancy, but was distrusted by 
the revoluiionists. He concerted the plan for 
the escape of Louis XVI., which .loubtless 
won ,1 have succeeded, bnt for the prohibition 
of blood.shed by the king, and wliirh, even 
then came so near suececdins, as to turn upon 
he sli;;!itcst accidents. After cnlisti.iff under 
the banners of Conde, and sharing the dan- 
gcrs and fatigues of the emigrant nobility, he 
went to Kng. in 1 796. There he wrote his in- 
teresting am impartial "Memoirs of the 
Kevol,, London, 1797. 

Boulbon (or Raousset-Boulbon), Gas- 
To.\ hAOLLx, Comte de, a French adventurer 
b Avignon, 1817 ; d. near Guaymas, Aug. 12,' 
l!!54. A ter having squandered his estate in 
rans and Algiers, he went, in 1852, to Cal. 
induced a number of adventurers to join 
Inm in an e.Npcd. to Sonora, and took pos- 
session of the Mexican gold-mines at the point 
of the bayonet. He then rai.scd 500 men 
seized Arispe, the capital of Sonora, and pro- 
claimed a republic, defeated by the Jle.Nicans 
Jan. 4, 18.53, he returned toCaL, from whence 
He planned a new invasion in April, 1854 but 
agiun repulsed by the Mexicans July 13 he 
was captured, and put to death. An account 
ot hini WHS pub. in Paris in 1855. 

Bouquet, Gen IIenkv, a British officer, 
V 1 -ir""??'''"'"'' '■"'; <^- I'ensacola, Fla. 
i>eb. 1,66. Lntering the Dutch service, he 
was afterward m that of Sardinia, and in 1748 
was a lieut.-col. in the Swiss Guards, in the 
service of Holland. He entered the En-lish 
army as lieut-col. in 1756; Feb. 19, 1762%ol 
60th loot ;brig..gen. 1765. He co-oiKTatcd 
actively with Gen. Forbes, and Oct. 12 1758 
repulsed an at.ack by a large bodv of French 
and Indians at Loyal Hanna, which was fol- 
owed by the capture of Fort IJuquesne. Sent 
from Canada by Gen. Amherst for the relief of 
f.";' I'"' ,''« «;«=* attacked Aug. 5 and 6, 
. r»5' ''•^" '•^■"S'-.I",'"""' (""i-ce, but by skill and 
bravery defeated them, and reached the fort 
with supplies four days later. In an cxped 
against the Ohio Indians, in Oct 1764 he 
compelled the Shawancsc, Delawares, 'and 
others, to make peace at Tuscarawas. An ac- 
count of tliisexped., by AVin. Smith, D.D., was 
P"l>. ml hila, 1765, with map and plates. 

Bourlamarque (hoor'-iii-mark), M. df 

n irciKhgcn. ; d. 1764, gov. of the Island of 



Guadalonpc. Col. of engineers; arrived with 
-Montcalm in Canada, .May. 1756; directed the 
o,>erations at the cp.uieof Forts' Oswego a„d 
cd^f', '^"*''' '■^"■J^' "'■''•'' hewaswound- 
the le t '^", '="<«"■■'= o' Fort Urn. Henry, com. 
rX.W ■","'"' ""J 'l"-fcting the siege, and 

ce after" 1" '" '"'V^" ^"""'^'' f"™ ".assa 
ere aliei the capitulation ; 9 J„ly, 1757 |,e 
commanded the left of the delencis of T.W 

b ef","r"'f "" "^-r" "'" ^'" A''"-^™- 
bt r,n in ''""S^^.'-fb' wounded ; promoted 
whti" 1 ^,^"^- '"^'; '=°"'- «' Ticonderoga. 
«h.ch he b ew up and abandoned in July 
1-39 retired to the Isle Aux Jfoix ; .listing 
and agaii, wounded at the battle of Sillery, 28 

quest of Canada; I Aug. 1762, he addressed 
a memoir on Canatia to the Fi'ench Govern 
"T'lm'"'"'" "■C«"»o'"">'» Paris Cc^. 
,,.,-^9,"f °t? Benjamin, LL.D.,j„rist, b. Bris- 

C r t>'n Grandson of Ezra (chief-justice 
hS i^"™^'"'; -^ V° ). "ho was grandson of 
he State Icgisl.; M. C. 1790-6; and in 1801 

Jiourne, liiciiAiiD, missionary to the 
Marshpa.. Indians, b. Eng. ; d. Sandwich, Ms.! 

b. 685. Acquiring the Indian language 
he began as early as 1658 to devote himself u^ 
their instruction and welfare, and was ord 
"^TAl^a ^"''*"" ^'■""•'^ »' Mi^^lipeei 

Bouton, JoiiN Bell, author, b. Concord, 
^.H.Mar 10, 1830. Daitm. Coll. 1849 He 

tlie Cleveland PUnn Dealer; removed to X Y 
Uty in 1857, and was one of the editors of ihe 
Jom-nal of Commc.ce, 1857-64 ; and is en-a-'cd 
in commercial, business in that city. He pT.b 
" U , ","''r.H''" " ^""''^ of essays, 1857 ■' 
Kound the Block," a novel, 1864; '•"Ticasurv 
lA™r; ""''.^''^:?"""-^-"'865.- andcoiud? 



most of the scientific artides ,0 t'he New Am: 
Cyclop, for 1866. — J/,„„„/jr; (7 

CM°f^u' h^K ^'^■*V,'^^'".l^n.(Dartro. 

Coll. 18d1) b. Norwalk, Ct., settled over a 
■Y r^' .i'T'' '." 9o"™'-<'. ^'H., 23 Mar. 1825. 

r.C. 1821; And. Scm. 1824. Author of 

..*■ "A' °'^ *'■■*• ^^'^- Mi-Farland." 1839 ■ 
H.St. Discourse on the 200th Anniv. of the 

Setthnient^ot Norwalk. Ct., 9 J„|y, igs, .".- 
The 1-athcrs of the N.H. Ministry," a d ,- 
course, 22 Aug. 1848; " Hist, of ICdIication in 
K.H. a 'Ixcoursc 12 Jnne, 18.33; "History 
of Concord, N.H." 18.56 ;'• Discourse Com^- 
1""" •■ " •*°.^<-''"^ Ministry, Concord, 23 JIar. 

iT^f-'^,^®"' f='^""GE Sewall, LL.D. (H. 
i^'is r"""'TT' ''■ ^■"""kline, Ms, Jan. 28, 
1 SI 8. He worked on .1 farm when a boy • was 
engaged m mercantile business 20 years • then 
studied law, and was adm. to the "bar; was 7 
years in the Ms. legisl. between 1842 and '50; 
nieinher of the Const. Coiiv. of Ms, in 1853 ■ 
bank commissioner, 1849-50; -ov of .M^; ' 
IS51-3 ; 5 years sec. of the sfs. Board of 
i-ducation; 6 years member of the Board 
of Overseers of Harvard Coll.; first commis- 
sioner of interval revenue, from July, 1862, to 



BOTJ 



109 



BOTV 



Mar. 1863; M. C. lSCJ-9; sec. of the U. S. 
trwisiiiT since Mar. 1S69. One of the man- 
a;.'cis of tiie impeachment trial of Andrew 
Johnson in 186S. A vol. of his " Speeches 
and Papers " «as puti. in 1S67. Author of 
" Manual of U. S. Direct and Excise Ta.K 
Sysnin," 1S63. Resides in Groton, Mass. 

Bouvier, John, jurist, b. Codognan, 
Fr.mcc, 17S7 ; d. Pliila., Kov 18, 18.il. Of 
a Quaker family, «liiih emigrated to tliiscoun- 
trv in 1802. lie was employed in a bookstore 
sonic years, pub. a newspaper. The American 
Telet/iaph, at Brownsville in Western Pa., 
1814; studied law, and was adm. to the bar at 
Uniontown, Fayette Co., in 1818. At this place, 
lie pub. The Genius of Liberig and American 
Telff/raph, from Apr.' 1813, to July, 1820. 
Ho began practice in Phila. in 1823 ; was 
recorder of Phila., Jan. 1836; asso. judge of 
the Court of Criminal Se-sious from Mar. 1838, 
and was learned in the law, as well as in the 
literature of several languages. He pub. a" Law 
Dictionary," 1839; an edition of " Bacon's 
AbridgmJnt of the Law," in 1841, and " In- 
stitutes of American Law," 1851. 

Bovadilla (liVvii-derya), DOS FRAsgois 
1>K, an arrugant and incompetent Spanish gov. ; 
d. June 29, l')ii2. He was commander of the 
order of Calatrava, and in 1500 was sent to 
Saint Domingo by Ferdinand and Isabella, 
charged to examine the conduct of Columl)US, 
and, if he found him guilty, to deprive him of 
command, and >eize his person. lie performed 
the latter part of his instructions regardless of 
the former, seized upon the authority on his 
arrival, put Columbus in irons, and sent him 
home to Spain, with an act of accusation tilled 
with contemptible charges. Bovadilla was soon 
succeeded by Nicolas Ovando ; and Columbus 
was restored to liberty. The persecutor of this 
great man emliarked in the Spanish fleet, to 
render an account to bis country of his conduct, 
and perished in a tempest with the greater part 
of the ves>el3 which accompanied him. 

Boves (Ix)'-ves), Joseph Tiiom.vs, a Span- 
ish-AiiKrican partisan ; d. Dec. ft, 1814. Hewas 
a Castilian of low origin, a sergeant of marines ; 
aftcnvards served in the coast-gnard, but w.is 
punished by imprisonment for allowing him- 
self to he bribed, and, on leaving prison, became 
a peddler. Becoming a capt of militia in 
1810, the defeat of the royalist Cagigal,Mo 
whose corps he was attached, decided him to 
make war on his own account. He established 
himself at Calabozo, and with about .500 men, 
mostly slaves, defeated Marino, dictator of the 
eastern provinces. Thenceforward with his 
little army, swollen with vagabonds, escaped 
convicts (black and white), he commenced a 
devastating partisan warfare. His atrocities 
gave his horde the well-merited name of the 
" Infernal Division ; " and the butchery of 1,200 
prisoners was the cominencement of a long 
series of ."imilar barbarities on both sides. Feb. 
19, 1814, he defeated Bolivar at Saint Mateo, 
and again, June 14 ; Boves then advanced upon 
Valencia, raisid the siege of Porto Cabcllo, 
driving back the independents : the city capi- 
tulated. To give to the articles of capitulation 
a m3re solemn sanction, mass was celebrated 
between the two armies ; and, at the momeat 



of the elevation, the royalist gen. promised a 
faithful and strict observance of the treaty. 
Entering the city, Boves had the repub. officers 
and a number of soldiers shot. Again a con- 
queror at Antimano, Bolivar withdrew to Bar- 
celona ; and the Spaniards entered Caracas. 
Aug. 8, he gained a new success, killing or 
wounding 1,.500 of the independents, and tak- 
ing four pieces of cannon. Dec. 5, he saw at 
Urica his last triumph, being killed by the 
thru>t of a lance. — Xonv. bioq. Univ. 

Bowden, Jonx, D.D., a Pr.-Ep. divine, b. 
Ireland, Jan. 17.">1 ; d. Ballston, N.Y., Julv31, 
1817. Col. Coll. 1770. The son of a British 
otBccr who served during the French war, ho 
followed bis father to Ainer., and, after study- 
ing 2 years at N. J. Coll., returned with him to 
Ireland. He came to Amer. again in 1770, 
studied divinity, and returned to Eng., where 
he was ord. in 1774. In the summer of that 
year, he returned to N.Y., where he became 
"assistant minister of Trinity Church. He took 
charge of the church at Xonvalk, Ct., from 
Dec. 1784, until Oct. 1785, when weakness of 
the lungs induced him to take charge of the 
church at St. Croix in the West Indies. Com- 
pelled, after two years' residence, to give up 
preachins, he settled at Stratford, Ct. From 
1796 to 1805, he had charge of the Ep. acad. in 
Cheshire, Ct., and from 1805 to 1817 was prof, 
of moral philos. and belles-lettres in Col. Coll. 
He pub. a number of controversial letters, 
an address to the members of the Ep. church 
in Stratford, some remarks, &c. ; A Full-length 
Portrait of Calvinism; The Essentials of Or- 
dination, and Observations on the Catholic 
Controversy. 

Bowditch, Nathaniijl, LL.D. (H. U. 
1816), F.R.S., mathematician and astronomer, 
b. Salem, Mar. 26, 1773; d. Boston, Mar. 16, 
1838. The poverty of his parents occasioned 
his withdrawal from school at the age of 10, 
and.afteran apprenticeship in a ship-chandler's 
shop until be was 21 , he spent nine years in a 
seafaring life, attaining the rank of master. 
He was pres. of a Jlarine-Ins. Co. in Salem, 
from 1804 to 1823, when be became actuary of 
the Ms. Hospital Life-Ins. Co. in Boston. By 
his extraordinary genius and industry, he made 
greatacquisition^ in knowledge, mastered many 
languages, and did more for the reputation of 
his country among men of science abroad, than 
has been done by any other man, except, per- 
haps. Dr. Franklin. He pub. in 1800, while 
engaged as a supercargo, his .wcU-knowiv 
" Practical Navigator," still a standard work 
of great utility and value. Among his scien- 
tific lahors were numerous and important eoiu- 
munications to the memoirs of the Amer. 
Acad., of which he was pres.; but his fame as 
a man of science will ]irincipally rest on his 
Commentary on the M^caniijne C'^este of La 
Place, of which he made the first entire trans- 
lation, and which he has elucidated in a man- 
ner that commanils the admiration of .scienti- 
fic men. The elucidations and commentaries 
of Bowditch formed more than half the work. 
They record subsequent discoveries, and show 
the sources whence La Place derived assistance. 
He contrib. many valuable papers to " The 
Memoirs of the Amer. Acad., and an article 



BOW 



110 



BO"W 



an Moilorn Astronomy to vol. 20 " North Am. 
lU'vicw." At his death, he was a member of 
the principal scientifio societies <if Enfope. 
He twice hail a seat in the executive council of 
M-i — >'(-• Mrmoir, ly his son A'. /. Bou-ililch, 
1840. 

Bowditch, Natii.inmel Inoersoll, con- 
vevancer, anil liistorieal writer, b. Salem. Jan. 
i:', 180.i; a. Brookline, M<., Apr. 16, 1861. 
II. U. 1822. Eldestson of the eminent math- 
ematician. He was ailm. to the Sullblk bar 
in 1825, but a few years afterward relinquished 
]iractice, and devoted himself to business as a 
conveyancer. He was noted for accuracy and 
thoroughness ; and a proof of his industry is 
found in the 55 folio vols, of land-titles he 
had written, contnininp nearly .30,000 pages, 
and also plans and maps. In Apr. 1835, hem. 
a dau. of the wealthy Ebenczer Francis, and, 
having a large income, devoted much of it to 
cbaritable objcets. Under the signature of 
" Gleaner," he contrib. many articles of histor- 
ical interest and value to the Boston Tran- 
siTi'iit. Author of " A History of the Ms. Gen- 
eral Hospital," 1851, 3 editions of "Suffolk 
Surnames," and " Memoir of N. Bowditch," 
1840. 

Bowdoin, James, LL.D. (U. of Edinb. 
178:i), ^t^te^man, b. Unslon. Aug. 8, 1727 ; d. 
Xov. 6, 1790. 11. V. 1745. He was of a 
Huguenot family who landed at Falmouth, 
Me., in 1687, and in 1690 removed to Boston. 
On the day succeeding their removal, the in- 
habitants of Caseo Bay were all cut otT, and 
the settlement burnt, by the Indians. The 
death of his father, Sept. 4, 1747, put him in 
possession of an ample fortune. At 24, he had 
formed an ncquiiiniance with Franklin, who 
communicnted to him his pafiers on electricity, 
and with whom he frequently corresp. Ho be- 
came a member of the Gen. Court in 1753, and 
senator ami councillor in 1756. Prominent 
in opposing the royal gov. before the Revol., 
his writings and other services were eminently 
nseful. Such was his prominence, that Gov. 
Bernard negatived him as a councillor in 1769, 
npon which he was at once elected a represen- 
tative. Chosen delegate to Congress in 1774, 
he was prevented by illness from attending. 
Slember of the committee of corresp., prcs. of 
the council of govt., pres. in 1778 of tlie con- 
vention for forming a Constitution, and in 
1785 and 1786 was gov. of Ms.; member of the 
convention which adopted the Federal Consti- 
tution in 1 788. During bis administration, the 
" Shays' Rebellion " in the western counties oc- 
curred ; but it was quickly suppressed by his 
vigorous and decisive measna's. His health 
was precarious, and his life a long consump- 
tive disease; but he was always vigorous in 
public affairs. One of the founders, and first 
pres., of the Acad, of .Vrts and Sciences, from 
1780 till bis death, and bequeathed to it his 
valuable library, lie aided in founding the 
Ms. Humane Society, and was a benefactor of 
Har. Coll., to which he left a handsiime legacv. 
He contrib. 3 jiieces to the Piilaa el Giatulalis, 
on the accession of George III., and was the 
nuibiir of a vol. of verses, pub. anonymously 
in Boston in 1759. 

Bowdoin, James, diplomatist, only son 



of the preceding, b. Sept. 22, 1752; d. Xai> 
shon Island. Ms., Oct. 11, 1811. H. U. 1771. 
He spent several years travelling in Europe, 
and one year in the study of law at the U. of 
Oxford. Returning to Amer. in 1775, he sno- 
ccssively filled the offices of repi-esentniive, 
memIxT of the Const. Conv. of 1789, senator 
and councillor, and in May, 1805, proceeded 
to the court of Madrid as minister-plenipo., 
returning home in Apr. 1808. He was « mu- 
nificent palnm of Bowd. Coll., to which he 
made a donation of 6.000 acres of land, and 
more than .£1,100. He pub. a translation of 
Daubenton's " Advice to Shepherds," anil, 
anonymously, " Opinions RespecMiig the Com- 
mercial Intercourse l)ctween the U.S. and Great 
Britain " Ho brought home with him from 
Paris an extensive library, philosophical ap- 
paratus, and a collection of paintings ; all of 
which he lelt at his death to Bowd. Coll.. to- 
gether with the reversion of the Island of Nau- 
shon, which had been his favorite residence. 

Bowen, Fhaxcis, author, b. Charlestown, 
Ms., Sept. 8, 1811. H.U. (with the highest 
honors) 1833. From 1835 to 1839, he was in- 
structor there in intelleetnal philos. and politi- 
cal economv. Returning from a visit to 
Europe in 1841, he established himself in Cam- 
bridge, pub. " Virgil," with English notes, 
and a vol. of critical essays on speculative phi- 
losophy, in 1842. He edited the .V. A. Revieio 
from 1843 to 18.54, and delivereil two courses 
of Lowell Lectures in 1848-9, on the application 
of metaphysical and ethical science to the evi- 
dences of religion, pub. in 1849 and in 1855. 
In the winter of 1850, he delivered a course 
of lectures on political economy before the 
Lowell Institute, and another, in 1842, on the 
origin and development of the Eng. and 
Amer. Constitutions. In 1853. he succeeded 
Dr. Walker as Alford Prof, of natural religion, 
moral philos., and civil polity. In 1854, ho 
pub. an abridgment of Stuart's Philos., with 
notes, and in the same year compiled and edit- 
ed "Documents of the Constitution of Eng. 
and Amer., from Magna Charta to the Federal 
Constitution of 1789." To Sparks's Biog., he 
contrib. lives of Phipps, Steuben, Otis, and Gen. 
Lincoln. He has written much in defence of 
the doctrines of Locke and Berkeley, and 
against those of Kant, Fichte, and Cousin. 
Since the commencement of 1858, he has deli- 
vered a course of lectures bef. Loivell Inst., on 
the English metaphysicans and philosophers. 

Bowen, John- "S., maj.-geii. C. S. A., b. 
Ga., 1829; d. Raymond, Mpi., July 13, 1863. 
West Point, 1853. Entering the mounted 
rifles, he resigned. May 1, 1856, and settled in 
St. Louis as an architect. He was adj. to 
Gen. Frost at the time of the exped. to the 
border in search of Montgomery, and, when 
the Rebellion broke out, took com. of the 2d 
regt. of Frost's brigade. He was acting chief 
of the staff to Gen. Frost at the Camp Jackson 
atfair. Disregarding his parole, he raised at 
Memphis the 1st Mo. Inf., which was unsu^ 
passed in gallantry, diseinline, or drill. He 
comd. a bri'.rade in BrecKcnridge's corps ac 
Shiloh. April 6, 1862, and was severely wound- 
ed. He com. at the battle near Port Gibson, 
iu May, 1863, stubbornly resisting Gen. Grant's 



BO"W 



111 



BOY 



ndvnnce. He was in all the subsequent battles 
uioiiiid Viiksbiir^; was prominent in the ne- 
jriitialions for its surrender, and is said to have 
died of mortification at that event. 

Bowen, Natuanmel, D.I). (H.U. 1803), 
IV.-lCp. Iiishoi, of S.C., b. Boston, 1779; d. 
All-. 2J, 1519. S.C. Coll. 1796. lie became 
a tutor in that institution, and, having com- 
pleted his theol. studies at Boston, was in 
1800 adin. to orders, and became, in Oct. 1802, 
assist, minister of St. Michael's Chufeh, 
Cliarleston, S.C. He was rector of tliis church 
ill 1808, and of Grace Church, N.Y.,from 1809 
to 1818, when lie was elected bishop (conse- 
crated, Oct. 8, ISIS), and was a second time 
i\ etor of the parish ot St. Michael's in Charles- 
ton. Two vols, of his sermons have been 
l,i,b. 

BoweU, Oliver, commodore, a Rcvol. 
patriot of Augusta, Ga. ; d. Hrovidence, R.I., 
Aug. 1800, a. i59. July 10, I77.i, be seized a 
large quantity of powder at Tybee Island, 
near S.ivannah. In June, 1778, he was in the 
unsuccessful expcd. against Wilmington. 
Memlier Provincial Congress of 177.'>, and of 
the Council of Safety. 

Bowie, RoBEitx, gov. of Md. in 180.3-5 
and 1811-12; d. Nottin^'hara, Jan. 8, 1818, a. 
G7. He was a captain in the 2d batt. of the 
M.l. rtyingcamp in 1776. 

Bow-lec ( ■• Bi LLv Bowlegs " ), a Seminole 
chief; d. in the Scmiiole country, 11 Mar. 
1859. He was a terror to the settlers of 
Florida, and one of the greatest Indian warri- 
ors of this century, and had been in all the 
principal buttles with the whites for over 30 
years. 

Bowles, Samdel, journalist, b. Springfield, 
Ms., 1826, Samuel, his father, established 
there the Hi-jiuhlican, of which, since 1844, the 
son has been the sole conductor, anil, by per- 
Beverance and industry, has placed it in the first 
rank of Amor, journals. From 1849 to 1860, 
Dr. J. G. Holland (Timo. Titeomb) was assoc. 
editor. He spent the summer of 1862 in 
Europe, and in 1865 joined Speaker Colfax 
in a tour to the Pacific coast. His letters to 
the Republican, describing this journey, were 
pub. as " Across the Continent," 1865. " The 
Switzerland of America" was pub. 1869. 

Bowles, William Adocstcs, self-styled 
"General" and" Indian agent," b. Frederick Co., 
Md., 1763; d. H.ivana, Dec. 23, 1805. The 
son of an English schoolmaster. At the age 
of 13, he stole from home, and, joining the Bri- 
tish army at Phila., soon obtained a commis- 
sion, but at Pensacola was, for some neglect, 
dismissed the service. Afterward entered the 
service of the Creek Indians, and m. an Indian 
woman. He instigated many of their excesses, 
for which be was rewarded by the British. 
May 9, 1781, when Pensacola surrendered to 
the Spaniards, Bowles com. the Creek Indians, 
whom he had brought there to assist the Kng- 
lish. For this service, he was reinstated in the 
British army. After the war, he joined a 
company of players at N. Y. ; i)layed at the 
Bahamas, where he also painted portraits, thus 
oxiiibiting the versatility of his talents. Gov. 
Dunmore npp. him trading-agent for the 
Creeks ; and he established u house upon the 



Cbattahooehie, hut was driven thence by 
McGillivray. He then went to Knglnnd : on 
his return, his inlluence with the Indians, who 
had chosen him com.-in-cbief, was so disastrous 
to the Spaniards, that they offered S6,000 tor 
his apprehension. Bowles had assumed to act 
among the Indians under authority of the 
British Govt.; but, on inquiry by the pres., the 
ministry promptly and explicitly denied that 
they had afforded him countenance, assistance, 
or protection. For a long time, Bowles did 
all in his power to annoy Gcor;.'ia, and prevent 
the seltlement of her difficulties with the In- 
dians. He was entn>[ipcd in Feb. 1792, sent 
a prisoner to Madrid, and thenee to Manilla, in 
1795. Obtaining leave to go to Europe, he re- 
paired lo the Creeks, and commenced his dep- 
redations anew, hut, being again betrayed into 
the hands of the Spaniards in 1804," ho was 
coHfineilin the Moro Castle, where he died. A 
memoir of him was pub. in London in 1791, 
in which he is called " Ambassador of the 
United Nations of Creeks and Cherokecs." 

Bowman, Samuel, I) D., assist. Pr.-Ep. 
bishop of Pa., coiisee. at Phila., 25 Aug. 1858 ; 
d. 3 Aug. 1861. 

Boyd, Jous Parkek, brig.-gcn. U.S.A., 
b. Newburyport, Ms., Dec. 21, 1764 ; d. Bos- 
ton, Oct. 4, 1830. He entered the military 
service of the U.S., Oct. 20, 1786. We next 
find him in India, at the head of 3 battalions, 
of 500 men each, armed and equipped at his 
own expense, at the service of the highest bid- 
der, and he at one time com. 10,000 cavalry. 
He was in the pay of Holkar, in the Peishwa's 
service, and afterward in that of Niham Ali 
Khan. Arriving in Madras in July, 1789, he 
was given by the Nizam the command of 
1,000 men. Having sold out for want of em- 
ployment, he went to Paris in 1808, and soon 
returned to the U.S. App. col. 4th Inf. Oct. 
7, 1808, com.' a brigade, and was disting. at the 
battle of Tippecanoe, Nov. 7, 1811. He com. 
the detachment of 1,500 men, of Wilkinson's 
army, which fought the battle of Williamsburg, 
Nov. 11,1813, and led his brigade at the cap- 
ture of' Fort George, U. C. ; app. brig. -gen., 
Aug. 26, 1812; app. naval ofBccr of the port of 
Boston, March 4, 1830. He pub. " Documents 
and Facts relative to Military Events during 
the r,ate War," 1816. 

Boyd, Linn, a statesman of Tenn., b. 
Nashville, Nov. 22, 1800; d. Ky , Dee. 18, 
1859. His educational advantages were limit- 
ed. In 1827, he was elected lo the legisl. of 
Tenn., serving 3 sessions, and in 1831 was 
re-elected. M.C. from 1835 to 1837, from 1839 
to 1847, and from 1847 to 1855; and was 
chairman of the committee on territories in 
the 31st Congress, during his last term occupy- 
ing the chair of speaker. He served one 
term as lieut.-gov. of Ky. 

Boyden, Seth, inventor, h. Foxborough, 
Ms., 17 Nov. 1788; d. Middlcvillc, N.J., 31 
Mar. 1870. He ciigageil in the leather mnnuf. 
in Newark in 1813, invented a machine for 
splitting leather, began the manuf of patent 
leather in 1819. made the first malleable iron 
in 1826, perfected the first locoinoiive with 
the driving-rod outside the wheel, produced 
the first daguerrotypc in America, invented the 



112 



process of makino: suiter, disco^rcl the art 
pt inakitifr Hiissian sWt-iron, and patintcd a 



1,.., . , ". . ""^ti-uuii, unu imiintcil a 

n^S.-'in'Z'u's"!"'''"""''' "' "" '"« '■'" 

fs-n .. "'."'u ^'''- 2' '"6 ; d. Paris, J„i;. 9, 
1S..0. IIis (aiher was a shopkcci^r an.l mil,.; 
in lort ail 1 niicc, an.l his muther was a iie- 
prcss, who had been a slave. In 1 792, he joined 
^le revolted bla.'ks. then stru^-.dins «l-ain", he 
Irene 1 for their independence. Joining the 
*rcn.h eomrniss.oners Santhonax and Polve- 
rcl he withdrew with them, after the arrival 
of the Etiglish, to Jacqnemel, havinj; „revi- 
ou,,ly disting. himself i'n the 'delenee o'fThe 
fort of Biroton and in other danfrerons enter- 
prises Attaching himself while here to Ui- 
gaiid, he set out with him for France. Ho 
took part like manv other persons of color, in 
the exped. o Le Clerc against St. Domin'^o 
On the death ol Le Clerc, he joined Petion's 
party, in whose .service he became private sec 

as hnally named by him his s,Kces,sor. Upon 
Jbedeaihof Peiion, March 29, 1818, Dover was 
immediately instMlled in bis office, and assnraed 
e functions ol govt. On the breaking-out of 
te revolution in the north part of the island 
n 1820, he placed himself at the head of the 
insurgents; and, upon Chiistophc's death the 
northandsouth parts of the island were united 
intoone govt., under bis administration, by the 
name of the • Republic of llavti." He\vas 
wun and weak, and destitute of ability; and 
hv an absurd arrangement with France to 
whom he foolishly agreed to pay an indeir.- 
nity of 150.000,000 francs in five eonal an- 
nual instalments, -in consideration of which 
Irance merely recognized the actual govt of 

Mayti,-thc agriculture, coinmerce,aiid wealth 
of Hayti, which under his govt, h.-i'l L'ri.lu'i v 
declined, became totally pi^i-strated! *- fH:;!!^ 
in 1842, an insurrection took place; Boycr was 
FTllT^r' '-'5,';''.f"«« in Jamai-ca umi 
Paris. ' ' ""'^ '"' ''""'■'^' '"= ^"'«'' in 

0,?°.^^^'-7?"''.' •■',"■'"■ •'•Botetourt Co., Va., 
Uc . 28, 1,74; d. Jan. 28, 18.34. His fathe^ 
emigrated to Ky. in 1779. John rcc-eived a 
good education ; practised law at Lancaster 
from 1797 to 1803; was M C. 180.3-9 ann 
gov. of Illinois territory in 1809; jurlW of 
!''^„C°"" °.f A.PP^^«1«. April, 1809. to April, 
1810, chuf-justice, April, 1810, to Nov. 1826- 
U.S district judge for Ky., Nov. 8, 1826, to 
his (Icatb. _ Col/ins's Hist. K,j. ' 



nor expense in obtaining rare plants, animals 
and insects, many of wbi.b, then unknowT n 
Europe he at different times transmitted;" 
J>U(,. Lpon the re-appcaranee of the small- 
pox in Boston in 1721, Cotton Mather cXd 

the practice of inoculation at the Kasi in a 
vol. of the Trans, of the Philos. Society Bovl 
ston was so impressed with its uiilitv"^ that he 

"r":„t"wfth"'"'""r'^^'' '"^''"■" -"«"'> two 
servants, with complete success. He enlanred 
his practice, but met with great opno iMon 
rorn the physicians, who wei'e unani'^u i^ 
their op nion against it. from bis fcllow-citi- 
^ens, and the selectmen of the town, who parsed 
an ordinance prohibiting it. He persevered 
in he practice, however, encouraged'and just 
fled bv the clergy ; and, of 286 person" inocL 
«tcd in 1 721 and -22, onlv 6 died."^ He en ovc^ 

roTntTrr'"^'"^' ""^''J"'-"'""" 
use in iN L. for some time before it became 

common in Eng. In 1725, he visited Fn" 

and was elected Fellow of the Roval Socic.'v' 

Inaddition to liis communications io that bodV; 

ht pub. a paper on inocubLtion. Boston 17->I 

don In ^;'-^5;,;"^^"""' ,<"• 'lie smallpox inocidal 
lion in ^. I-,ng. and London. 17->3 

Boynton KDw.»„Dr., b,ev. maj. U.S.A., 
A„ ■ , '• °""' ' «-»6- Entering the 2d 

Art. he served in the Mexican war, and was 

ChuruZ'- -" ^V'"- 'f ^'- '"' f^on'^-ras andZ 

We ff • ; °{l^"^"'- mineral., and geol. at 
West Point, 1848-55; served a-'ainst the 
Seminoc Inilians in is^r, r ^" , ""•' "»i ilie 
Feb IR^R p ? r 'f^'-G' "nd resigned 16 
TT r «; •• ^'"^- "f '^'"•"i- "'in-, and eeol 

to 3o's!m ri/s"";' ^"■■'™."'- ^" ^^«' I'"!"' 
o .JO &tpt. 18G5; brev. maj. 1.3 Mar. 1865- 

trans to 29tb Inf. 21 Sept. 18G6. A„tho; 






hW,?I1°°'. ,^''°""'-f ■ « ' hcnefactor of 
tj.ir». Loll. ; d. Boston. Aug. 18, 1771 a 55 
I c was a merchant of singular probitV, "and 
at hi.s decease bequeathed to H. U. i:i,500 to 
n'wh'i ^'i"''?!'}"? of '•h'.'toric and oratory, 

Boylston, Z.vi.D.Er,, F.R S., a physician 
eminent as the first to inoculate fi.r the small-' 
KZll f ",'-««"' M^^okli'"-. 1G80 ; d. Boston, 
Jiaici 1, 1 /f;6 After receiving a good cduca- 
tion, he studied medicine under his father and 
Di. John Cutler, and in a few vears ac.iuired 
a reputation and a fortune, lie also acquired 
distinction as a naturalist, sparing no labor 



Bozman, Joh-j Leeds, lawver, poet and 
historian b. Talbot Co., Md., A11-. o^ i?"?*! 
d. there Apr. 2.3. 182.3. U. of P.^? 1 78.3 His 
fiira.ly was among the eariiest settlers in that 
Middle T'T!"r'^ ■"■' '""'" '''•"•i"" «t ho 
;. ac i t h'"'^ ' '? ^""•^""- ^^"^ c-ousiderable 
attx -gen. of the State, ho aLan.loned the 1 ,w 
lor literature. His chief work is " The Ntorv 
? flZy^-'"f 'o 'he Restoration in 1660." pnb 
in 18J6 under the auspices of the Oen;.al' Vs 

o t^ P '^:>'- ^""T "« «■- " 'omributor 
m the Po,ifo/,o, and pnb. „„ ■■ Essav upon 
Colonization in Africa,'^ in 1 822. He wrote 
^Historical and Philos. Sketch of ,1," Prime 
fcr*; "" "7"'- Y'"'" '■" -hich t pn i" 

w^irsi'ii'^rd"' '"'"'•■'"■"'^ '''•'""'"" ^"' « 

Brace, Charles Lorino, clergyman and 
author, b. Litchfield, Ct., 1826 Y C 1846 
After a few months' of ' schoo l-teachTn^ he 
studied theology, completing his preparation 
for the ministry at the' Unio-n Thcol. 's"m of 

anvsclVlllirtf *'"'" l'""' " •"••^■"••her without 
an> fccttled charge. In 1850, he ma.loa pedes- 
trian journey in Great Britain and Ireland al» 
visiting the Rhine, Belgium, and Paris an a" 
count of which, entitled '• Walks and Tdks of 



BK^ 



113 



an American Farmer in England," was after- 
waril pub. In 1851, he was tried as a spy in 
Hungary, but was soon set at liberty tlirough 
tbe ctibrts of C. J. McCiinly, diarrf^ d'affaires. 
Returning to the U. S., he became interested 
in the benevolent labors of Rev. Mr. Pease 
among the most degraded class in N. Y., and 
was subsequently chiefly instrumental in the 
formation of the Children's Aid Society, of 
which he is sec. and principal agent. In 185>, 
he pub. " Hungary m 18.>1," " Home Life in 
Germany, lS.'>3;"in 18.57, " Norsefolk," a 
de.-^eription of the religious, social, and political 
condition of Sweden and Norway ; " Races of 
the Old World," 1863; " The "New West," 
18G9, and " Short Sermons for Newsboys." 

Bracken, Rev. John, minister, and prof, 
of hunianities ( 177.')-I818), and pres. of Wm. 
and MarvCull.in 1813; d. Williamsburg, Va., 
15 July, '1818. 

Brackenridge, Henry M., jurist and 
diplomatist, son of Hugh Henry, b. Pittsburg, 
Pa., May 11, 1785; d. there 18 Jan. 1871. 
At the age of 20, being adm. to the bar, he 
began practice in Somerset, Md. He descended 
the Mpi. in 1811, and soon received the app. of 
dep. atty.-gen. for the Territory of Orleans, af- 
terwards Louisiana. Made dist. judge at 23. 
During the War of 1812, he furnished impor- 
tant information to the govt., and afterwards 
wrote a history of the war, which was translated 
into French and Italian. He joined with Clay 
in advocating the acknowledL'raent of the inde- 
pendence of the South Amer. republics. Be- 
sides oth'r productions, his pamphlet, under 
the signature of an " American." addressed to 
Pics. Monroe, was repub. in Eng. and France, 
and, being supposed to express the views of the 
Amer. Govt., was replied to by the Duke of San 
Carlos, the Spanish minister. He was one of 
t!ie commissioners to the South /^mer. republics 
in 1817-19, and, on his return, pub. his " Voy- 
age to South Amer." In 1821, he went to 
Fla. with Gen. Jackson, aided him in forming 
his government; was m.ide alcalde of Pensa- 
cola, and in May was app. judge of the western 
district, in which office he remained 10 years. 
Removing to Pittsburg in 1333, he beeaTue an 
active politician, and in 1841 was named acom- 
missioncr under the treaty with Mexico. His 
political writings were numerous. He pub. an 
account of Louisiana in 1812, and, in 183+, 
the first vol. of his " Recollections of Persons 
and Places in the West." In 1847, he pub. a 
scries of letters in favor of the Mexican w.ir. 
His eulogy on Jefferson and Adams, delivered 
at Pcnsacola in Aug. 1826, was highly prai-cd 
by Wirt. In 18.'i9, he pub. a " History of the 
Western Insurrection,' in vindication of bis 
faiher. Author also of a " Journal of a Voy- 
age up the Missouri River," Pittsburg, 1814. 
— Daifckinrk. 

Brackenridge, Hccn Henry, author 
ami judge, b. near Campbelton, Scotland, 
1748; d. Carlisle, Pa., June 25, 1816. N. J. 
Coll. 1771. At the age of 5, he came with his 
father to Pa., and supported himself, while ac- 
quiring his education, by farming and teach- 
ing. He became a tutor at Princeton ; was 
master of an acad. in Md., when the Rcvol. 
war broke out ; removed to Phila., where he 



was a conspicuous writer and sp''.tkor, and, 
having studied divinity, became a chaplain in 
the army. Relinquishing the pulpit for the 
bar, he edited for a time the U. .S. ilmjazine 
at Phila. In 1781, he settled at Pittsburg, 
soon rose to the head of the bar of that section ; 
was sent in 1786 to the legisl. to obtain the 
estal'lishmcnt of the county of Alleghany ; wa8 
made a judu'c in 1789 ; and, from 1799 till his 
death, was judge of the State Supreme Court. 
The part he took in the " Whiskey Insurrec- 
tion ' made him prominent. He appeared to 
side with the insurgents in order to keep them 
within the limits of reason and law, and even- 
tually to reconcile them, without bloodshed, to 
the govt. He vindicated his course in his " In- 
cidents of the Insurrection in Western Pa in 
1794," 8vo, Phila., 1795. Brackenridge de- 
serves to be better known through his writings. 
He had wit, humor, and sound judgment. His 
judicial decisions were celebrated for their in- 
tegrity and independence. In politics, he was a 
supporter of Jefferson. He pub. a poem on the 
" Rising Glory of America," 1774 ; " Eulogium 
of the Bravo who fell in the Contest with Great 
Britain, delivered at Phila., 4 July, 1779 ; " 
" ilodern Chivalry, or the Adventures of 
Capt. Farrago,'' 1796, an admirable satire ; 
" Oration, July 4, 1793 ; " " Gazette Publica- 
tions Collected," 1806. 

Brackett, Albert G., brev. col. U.S.A., 
b. X.y. 1st lieut. 4 th Indiana Vols., June, 
1847, and at the battle of Huaraatlan, siege of 
I'uebia and Atlixco, in Mexico ; capt. 2d U.S. 
cav.. Mar. 1855; disting. in actions with Ca- 
nianche Indians ; com. cavalry at Bull Run, 
Va. ; col. 9th III. cav., Aug. 1861 ; engaged at 
WaddcH's Farm and Cache' Bayou, and wound- 
ed at Stewart's Plantation ; maj. 1st U.S. cav., 
July, 1862; com. cav. brigade W. Tenn. ; en- 
gaged in the attack on Memphis and Charles- 
ton R.R. ; asst. insp.-gen. of cav., dept. of 
Cumberland, 1864 ; engaged at the siege of 
and battles in front of Atlanta, Ga., and battle 
of Nashville, Tenn. ; lieut.-eol. 2d U.S. cav., 
June, 1 868 ; brev. maj. for Arkansas campaign ; 
brev. lieut. -col. for Atlanta campaign; brev. 
col. for gallant and merit, services in the war. 
Author of " Gen. Lane's Brigade in Central 
Mexico," 1848; "Hist. U.S. Cavalry," 1865. 
— Ihnrfi. 

Brackett, Anthony, a soldier, and early 
scttlerat Ca.sco.now Portland, .Vie.: killed by Iii- 
dians, Sept. 21 , 1689. Son of Anthony of Green- 
land, X.H. He was at Casco as early as 1662, 
and had a farm of 400 acres. Ca|)tured by the 
Indians, Aug. 11, 1676, he escaped in Nov., re- 
turned to Casco after the peace, April 12, 1678 ; 
received the com. of Fort Loyall in 1682, ami 
in 1688 held the com. of the three forts erected 
by Andros. His second wife, m. in 1679, was 
Susannah Drake of Hampton. 

Brackett, ICuwin E., sculptor, b.Vassalbo- 
rou','h. Me , ( let. I, 1819. Began modelling in 
1838, and has made many portrait busts, among 
them Harrison, Allston, R. II. Dana, sen., 
W. C. Bryant, Longfellow, Choate, Sumner, 
John Brown, Garrison, Wendell Phillips, and 
Gen. Butler. His group of " The Sliijjwrccked 
Mother," is at Mount Auburn. Ills brother, 
Walter M., b. Unity, Me., 14 June, 1823, haa 



BK^ 



114 



BRA. 



made the paiiuing of giime-fish a spciialty.nnd 
has nchii'veil a hi);h rcputaliun. — Tiickcnimn. 
Brackett, .Josiin.v, M.l)., pliv»iiian, h. 
GrcLiilnnd, X.H., 5 May, 17.)3 ; d.. July 17,1802. 
II. U. 1752. He studied thcolofry, and" hecame a 
preacher, hut afterwards studied medicine, and 
established himself at Portsmouth, N II. He 
bequejithed 81,500 towards the professorship 
of natural history in Ilarv. Coll. He was 
also afounder and benefactor of the N.H. Med- 
ical Society, of which he was pros, from 1793 
to 1799. His wife, Hannah Whipple of Kit- 
t.ry, d. Apr. 23, 1805, a. 70, hc(jueathin;j also 
tu tliac society $500. Dr. Brackett was a zeal- 
ous patriot, a member of the committee of 
safety, and. during the Revol., was app. judge 
of Ilic Maritime Court of N.H. — T/mclm: 

Bradbury, Theoimulus, jurist, h Ncw- 

bui\, Ms., Xcv, 13, 17.19; d. there Sept. 6, 
18U3. H.U. 17o7. A descendant of Thomas 
(■t Salisbury. After keeping the grammar 
school at Falmouth, Me., lie practiseil law there 
from May, 1761, until 1779, and afterward in 
his native town, with success ; filled several 
local offices ; was a representative and senator 
in the Ms. legisl.; M. C. 1795-7, and was 
(1797-1803) a judge of the Supreme Court of 
jls. Member of the Amer. Acad, of Arts and 
Sciences. 

Bradbury, Thomas of Salisbury, d. 
ihcrc Mar. Ifi, 1G95 ; li pr. Wickcn, Eng.,'l610. 
He was in X.K. in 1634; was made freeman, 
May 13, I64U; became tirst clerk of the writs at 
Salisbury, Dec. 10, 1641 ; was clerk of Norfolk 
Co. from' Apr. 24, 1649, to Feb. 4, 16SU; several 
years dep. to the (Jen. Court; was frequently 
a commissioner to settle boundary disputes ; 
was capt. of a military co., and an asso. judge 
for Norfolk Co., 165;)'and 1675-7. 

Bradbury, Willi.vm B., music-teacher 
and composer, b. York. Me, 1816; d. Mont- 
clair, N.J., Jan. 7, 186S. From his parents, 
both of whom were excellent singere, he inher- 
ited his musical taste, and, before he was 14, 
had mastered every instrument that came in 
bis way. In 1 830, he moved to Boston, where 
lie was an organist, and in 1836 began teach- 
ing in New York, where he attained notoriety 
and po|)ularity by his concerts. In 1847, ho 
went to Lcipsic, where he received instruction 
from the best masters. In 1854, he began in 
New York the manufacture of pianos, in which 
he was very successful. He was the author of 
" The Golden Chain," " Golden Shower," 
" Golden Censer," and " Fresh Laurels." He 
did much to elevate the standard of musical 
taste in the U.S. With the aid of the com- 
poser Hastings, he proiluced " The Shawm," 
" The Jubilee," " The Key Note," and " The 
Temple Choir," all of which were deservedly 
popular. 

Braddock, Edwakd, a British gen., d. 
Juiv 13. l7.-)5. Son of Maj.-Gcn. B. He en- - 
tcrcd the army as cnsi;;n in the Coldstream 
Guards, Oct. U, 1710; fought a duel with Col. 
Waller, with sword and pistol. May 26, 1718; 
became a capt. Feb. 10, 1736, seneil in Flan- 
ders ; became second major nf his rcgt. in 1743; 
was present at Fontcnoy, May II, 1745; was 
made licut.-col. Nov. 21, 1745, brig. -gen. Apr. 
23, 1746 ; served again in Flanders in 1747-8; 



col. I4th Foot, 17.53; maj.-gen. March, 1754, 
and, Sept. 24, com.-inchief of his Majesty's 
forces in America. He sailed from Em;. Dec. 
21, 1754. He arrived in \'a. in Feb. 1755, and 
conducted in person an exped. against Fort Du- 
qiicsne, now Pittsburg. 1 he delays occasioned 
by the necessity of opening new roads deter- 
mined him to advance with 1,200 men, leaving 
the heavy baggage in the rear. He reached 
the Monongahcla, July 8, and on the following 
morning, expecting to invest the fort that day, 
made the necessary dispositions. Despising 
his foes, with whose wily tactics he was wholly 
unacquainted, he disregarded the counsel of 
Wiishington, hjs aide ujmn that occasion, to 
place the provincial companies in front lor the 
purpose of scouring the woods, and discover- 
ing any ambuscade which might be (bund for 
him. His van, led by Licut.-Col. (afterwards 
Gen ) Gage, was suddiidy attacked when ab. 
7 miles from the fort, by an iiivi>iiile enemy 
concealed in the high grass. The whole army 
was thrown into confusion; .tnd Braddock, who 
exerted himself bravely to re-form his troops, 
who were constontly falling nnderthe close and 
murderous fire to which they were exposed, 
after having 3 horses shot unacr him. received 
a mortal wound. All his mounted otBcers ex- 
cept Washington, upon whom the duty of 
bringing otl' the sbaliercil remnant of the armv 
devolved, were either killed or wounded ; anci 
the troops fled precipitately tothecainpof Col. 
Dunbar, near .50 miles distant, where Brad- 
dock, who was brought off the ground in a 
tumbrel, e.xpircil of bis wounds. His private 
character was that of a heartless, broken-down 
gambler and spendthrift. 

Bradford, Aldks, LL. D. (Bond. Coll. 
1803), author, b. Duxbury, Ms., Nov. 19, 1765 ; 
d. Boston, Oct. 26, 1843. H.U. 1786. Son 
of Col. Gamaliel, and a lineal descendant of 
Gov. Wm. Bravlford. He was a tutor at Har- 
vard in 1791-3; pastor of the Cong. Church 
at Wi.scassel, Mo., 1793-1801 ; was lor a time 
clerk of the Supreme Court of Ms., and a 
bookseller in Boston, ami was sec. of State 
in 1812-24. Edited the Boston G'Uftle. 1826. 
He pub. a " History of Ms. from 1764 to 1820," 
3 vols.; "Eulogy on Washington," " Oration," 
1804; "on the'Death of Gen. Knnx," 1806; 
"Life of C. Strong," 1820, of "Jonathan 
May hew," 1838; a vol. of" N.E. Biography," 
1842; an account of Wiscas.set and Duxhurr 
in Hist. Colls.; " N. E. Chronology, 1497- 
1800," Bost., 1843; a number of sermons; 
" History of the Federal Government," 1843, 
and a vol. of Ms. State papers. 

BrEhdford, Alex. Warfield, LL.D., 
jurist, b. Albany, 1815 ; d. N.Y. City, 5 Nov. 
1867. Columh. Coll. Son of J.M.Bradford, 
D.D. Acquired high reputation for knowledge 
of civil law. Surrogate of N.Y. Ciiv and Co., 
1848-51. He pub. 4 vols, of" Rcjiorts of Sur- 
rogate's Cases ; " six of " Bradford's Reports ; " 
edited a work on " American Antiquities," 
1841, and. with Dr. Anthon, edited The Piolvsl- 
lint Churchmiin. Latterly one of the commis- 
sioners to codify the laws of the Stale. He 
pub. in 1863 a semi-centennial address to the 
Albany Acad., and, in 1846, a discourse before 
the N.V. Hist. Soc. in 1845. 



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115 



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Bradford, Andrew Sowles, printer, b. 
PliilM., 16Stt ; d. Nov. 23, 1742. Son of Wm. 
Brailioid, lirst printer of Pliila.from whom he 
lenineil the art in N.Y. He was the only 
printer in Pa from 1712 to 1723. He pub. the 
Amrrimii Wnkhi Meirurt/, the first newspaper 
in Phihi., !)«■. 22, 1719; was Franklin's first 
employer on his arrival there in 1723; in 1732 
was postmaster; in 1735 kept a bookstore at 
the sign of the Bible, in Second St., and in 
1738 removed to No. 8, South Front St., occu- 
pied as a printing-house in 1810, by his de- 
scendant, Thomas Bradford, pub of the True 
American. In 1741, he pub. a periodical, the 
Atitfricaii Ma'jnztne. 

Bradford, (Iamaliel, col in the Revol. 
army, b. Duxbury, Ms., Sept. 2, 1731 ; d. there 
Jan. 9, 1807. He was a descendant of Gov. B. 
Gamaliel, his father, judge of the C.CP. of 
Plymouth, and a councillor under Govs. 
Bernard and Hutchinson, d. Apr. 24, 1778, a. 
73. He served in the French w:ir as a captain 
of militia; rose to the rank of major, and, dur- 
ingthe I{evol.,cora. the 14th Mass. Continental 
Regt. After the war, he was a representative 
and a judge. 

Bradford, Tho.ma9, son of Col. Wm., 
printer, editor, and publisher, b. Phila., May 4, 
1745 ; d. there May 7, 1838. Leaving 'the 
Coll. of Phila. in 1762, he entered his father's 
printing-house, and was his partner, and associ- 
ate editor of the Penmt/lvnnia Journal, which, 
in 1 80 1, became the True American. An active 
opponent of the Stamp Act, and other arbitrary 
measures of the British Government, he be- 
came, in 1 775, ca))!. of a military company in 
Phila., and subsequently he was commissary 
gen. to the Pa. dis'ision, and printer to Con- 
gress. One of the founders of the Philos. Soc. 
His son Thomas, LL.D., lawyer and philan- 
thropist, b. Phila:, Sept. 11, 1781; d. there 
Oct. 25, 1851. 

Bradford, William, 2d gov. of Plymouth 
Colony, and one of " The Mayflower " Pil- 
grims, b. Ansterfield, Yorkshire, Eng., in Mar. 
1538; d. May 9, 1657. Possessed of agood patri- 
mony, he yet early in life,connccted himselfwith 
the Dissenters, and, at the age of 17, was one of 
a company which made an attempt to seek in 
Holland that toleration due to its enlightened 
commercial policy ; but, being betrayed by the 
master of the vessel, they were thrown into 
prison at Boston, Lincolnshire After another 
unsuccessful attempt, he at length joined his 
brethren at Amsterdam, learned the art of silk- 
dyeing, and, coming into possession of his prop- 
erty at the age of 21, engaged nnsuccessfully 
in commerce. He entered zealously into the 
plan of removing to America the congregation 
of Mr. Robinson's church at Leyden; sailed in 
the first ship, and, on its arrival in the harbor 
of Cape Cod, was one of the foremost in 
selecting a site for the colony. Belbre this 
was accomplished, his wife fell into the sei, and 
was drowned. Upon the death of Gov. Carver, 
April 5, 1621, Mr. Bradford was elected to fill 
the place. Among the first of his acts was the 
cultivation of friendly relations with the Indian 
sachem Massa.soit, who, in return for his good 
offices, disclosed a dangerous conspiracy then 
forming among the Indians for the purpose of 



totally extirpating the English. He was annu- 
ally reehosen gov. as long as he lived, except- 
ing in the ye.irs 1633, 16.34, '6, '8, and 1644, 
when he declined an election. He wrote a 
history of Plymouth Colony from 1602 to 1647. 
On the retreat of the British army in 1775, the 
.MS. was carried away from the library of the 
Old South Church, Boston, and, after having 
been lost 80 years, was recovered, and was 
pub. by the Ms. Hist. Soc. in 1856. A frag- 
ment of his Letter Book, found in a grocer's 
shop at Halifax, has also been printed by the 
same society, accompanied by a descriptive and 
historical account of N.E. in verse. 

Bradford, M.vjor William, second son 
of Gov. B.. b. June 17, 1624; d. Feb. 20,1704. 
He resided in what is now Kingston, Ms. He 
com. the Plymouth troops in King Philip's 
W.ir. and was wounded in the Narragansett 
Foit Jiu'ht, Dec. 19, 1675, at East Kingston, 
R. I. 

Bradford, William, the first printer in 
Pa., h. Leicester, Eng., 1659; d. New York, 
May -IS, 1 752. Being a Quaker, he emigrated 
in 1682, and landed on the spot where Phila. 
was afterwards built. He learned his tr.ide in 
London. In 1686, he printed an almanac. In 
1692, he was imprisoned for libel ; the writings 
of George Keith, which he printed, having 
caused a quarrel amon^' the Quakers. On his 
trial, Bradford maintained, that "the jury are 
judges in law, as well as the matter of fact." 
He was not convicted, but, having incurred the 
disjileasure of the dominant party in Phila., re- 
moved to New York in 1693. In that year, he 
printed the laws of the Colony. Oct. 16,1725, 
he began the first newspaper in New York, the 
\.Y. (jfititte. In 1728, he established a paper- 
mill at Elizabethtown, N.J. For more than 
50 years, he was printer to the govt, of N. Y., 
ami, for 30 years, the only one in the province. 
His son Andrew was a printer in Phila. 

Bradford, William, physician, lawyer, 
and legislator, b. Plvmpton, Ms., Nov. 4, 
1729 ; d. Bristol, R.I.,'July 6, 1808. He was 
a descendant of Gov. Bradford, received agood 
education, and studied medicine under Dr. 
Ezekiel Hersey of Hingham. After a few years' 
pr.ictice at Warren, Il.I., he removed toBris- 
tol, where he erected an elegant seat on Mount 
Hope. He afterward studied and practised 
law, attaining high rank in his profession. He 
was a leading member of the committee of 
corresp., ami took a decided part in the con- 
troversy with Great Britain. During the can- 
nonade of Bristol, Oct. 7, 1775, Gov. Bradford 
went on board " The Rose," in behalf of the 
inhabitants, and treated with Capt. Wallace 
for the ces-iation of the bombardment. He was 
a U.S. senator from 1793 to 1797, and was 
dep. gov., and speaker of the house of assembly. 
His eldest son, Maj. Wm. Bradford, aide to 
Gen. Charles Lee, of the Revol. arniv, b. Bris- 
tol, Sept. 17, 1752; d. Nov. 1811'. H. U. 
1773. 

Bradford, Col. William, printer and 
Revol. soldier, h. N.Y., 1719 ; d. Phila., .Sept. 
25. 1791. (irandson of the first printer of 
Phila., and became a partner of his uncle An- 
drew, who had adopteil him; but the connection 
\vas dissolved on account of a love-affair. In 



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11"3 



SRA. 



1741, ho visited En;;., retnminp; the next vear 
with books and printing-material, and in f)cc. 

1742, he pub. the first number of the Ptnnsiil- 
vania Jomnal, which was continued until the 
close of the century ; when his son Thomas, 
who was his business-partner, changed its name 
to the TVuf? American. Besides bis business of 
printing, lie opened in 1754 the London Coffee 
House, and in 1762, in connection with Mr. 
Kydd, a marine-insurance office. He opposed 
the Stamp Act, and, having long held a com- 
mission in the Pa. militia, when the Revol. 
war began, served as a maj. and col. at Tren- 
ton, at Princeton where he was wounded, and 
at Fort Mifflin. He left the army with shat- 
tered health, and ruined fortune. Franklin 
said of him," His writing was spirited, his press 
correct, and his sword active." 

Bradford, William, lawver, b. Phila., 
Sept. 14, 1755; d. Aug. 23, 1795. N.J. Coll. 
1772. Son of Col. \Vm. Studied law under 
Edward Sliippen ; adm. to the bar of the Su- 
preme Court in 1779; app. attv.-gcn. of Pa. 
in Aug. 1780 ; made a judge of tlie Supreme 
Court of Pa., Aug. 22, 1791, and attv.-gcn. of 
the U. S., Jan. 28, 1794. In Aiig."l7»4, he 
was one of the commissioners to confer with 
the insurgents of Western Pa. He was a maj. 
of brigade under Gen. Roberdeau in 1776, was 
a capt. in Hampton's regt., and from Apr. 1777, 
to Apr. 1779, was dep. mustcr-master-gen., 
with the rank of lieut.-col. He was material- 
ly assisted in obtaining a valuable practice at 
the bar, and in various other ways, by his elder 
brother Thomas. In 179.3, he pub. "An In- 
quiry how far the Punishment ot Death is Ne- 
cessary in Pa.," and succeeded in effecting be- 
neticcnt modifications in the penal code.of that 
day. Some of his early poetical efforts, in im- 
itation of the Pasrorals of Slienstone, were 
pnl). in the P/,iUul,ljil,in Mwimini:. 

Bradford, William, b. N. Bedford, Ms., 
of Quaker parentage, has painted trutlilully 
many of the coa^t-scenes of N.F. Unsuccess- 
ful as a merchant in Fairhaven, Ms., he studied 
the coast of N. E., Nova Scotia, and Labrador. 
Among his best pictures arc " The Coast of 
Lalirador," " The Island of Grand Menan," 
" Fi-bing-Boats Getting under Way," " Sud- 
den Squall in the Bay of Fundy," " Shipwreck 
off' Nantucket," " Boarding the Sloop," &c. 
— r„rbnmi,i. 

Bradish, Luther. LL.D. (Wms. Coll.), 
statesman, b. Ciimmington, Ms., Sept. 15,1783; 
d. Newport, R.L, Aug^ 30, 1863. Wms. Coll. 
1804. He studied law, made a tour in Europe, 
and in 1820 was engaged in procuring infor- 
mation tiir the govt, respecting the commerce 
of the Levant prior to establishing diplomatic 
relations with the Porte. He retained to N. V. 
in 1826, settled in Franklin Co., where he was 
a large land-owner ; was a member of the as- 
sembly in 1827-30 and 1835-8; lieut.-gov. 
1829-43 ; and assist. U.S. treas. at N.Y., dur- 
ing Fillmore's administration. He latterly 
oc'upicd himself with eilucalional, charitable, 
and reformatory projects, and at his death was 
pri-^. of the N. Y. Hist. Society and the Amer. 
Bililf Society. 

Bradlee, Caleb Davis, pastor of tho 
AUeu-st., Church, Cambridge (Dec. 11, 1854- 



Dec. 11, 1857). and of the Church of the 
Redeemer at Boston, since Apr. C, 18G4, b. 
Boston, 24 Feb. 1831. H. U. 1852. He hai 
pub. .several occasional sermons, — one on the 
death of Pres. Lincoln ; lias contrib. to the 
iV. /i. /li.-il. and Gmml. /l(i)isti r, anil to vari- 
ous periodicals and newspapers ; ami has been 
recording and corresponding sec. of the N. E. 
Hist, and Gen. Soc, and is a menilicr of many 
other liistoricfll and literary societies. 

Bradley, Stephen Row, LL.D. (Dnrtm. 
Coll. 1805), statesman, b. Wullingford, Ct., 
Oct. 20, 1754; d. Walpole, N. H.; Dec. 16, 
1830. Y. C. 1775 He studied law under 
Judge Reeve, and was adm. to practise in May, 
1779. He com. a companycallcd the Cheshire 
Vols, early in the Revol. war, and was the 
aide of Gen. Woostcr when that otBcer fell at 
Danbury. Removing to Vt. in 1779, he was a 
friend of Ethan Allen ; pub. " Vermont's Ap- 
peal," 1 779 ; was active in organizing the State, 
and was its senator in Congress in 1791-5 and 
1801-13. He w.as a man of eminent ability, 
but of eccentric habits. 

Bradley, William Czar, LL.D. (Vt. U. 
1851), lawyer, son of S. R., b. Westminster, 
Vt., Mar. 23, 1782; d there Mar. 3, 1867. 
Y. C. 1817. Adm. to the bar in 1802 ; State 
atty. for Windham Co., 1804-11 ; member of 
the legisl. 1806-7 and 1850, and of the coun- 
cil, 1812; M. C. 181.3-15, 1817-22, 182.3-7; ' 
agent of the U.S. under the treaty of Ghent, I 
and member of the State Const. Conv. in 1857. | 

Brtuiley, William H , M. D., poet, b. ] 

Ilartlord, Cl., Jul^- 24, 1802; d. Cuba, 1825. | 

Educated a physician. He pub. " Giuseppino," I 

1822, and many fugitive pieces. Son of Dr. I 

Wm. Bradley, afterward a resident of Phila. 

Bradstreet, Anne, poet, b. Northampton, 
Eng., 1G12; d. Sept. 16, 1672. She was the 
dau of (iov. Thomas Dudley, and m. Simon 
Bradstreet, afterwards gov. of Ms., with whom ' 

she came to N. E. in 10.30. Her poems, dedi- 
cated in verse to her father, and entitled " The 
Tenth Muse lately sprung up in Amer., or Sev- 
eral Poems compiled with Great Variety of Wit 
and Learning, full of Delight," were pub. at 
London, 1650. A more ivniplete edition, pub. 
at Boston in 1678 (after her death), contains 
her best piece, entitled " Contemplations." A 
reprint of this appeared in 1758. Uer works, 
including poetry and prose, were pub. at 
Charlestown in 1867, edited by John Harvard 
Ellis. 

Bradstreet, Joux, maj.-gen., b. 17I1 ; d. 
N.Y. City, 25 Sept. 1774. In the c.\|>ed. against 
Louisburg in 1745, he was lieut.-col. of Peu- 
pcrell's (York, Me.) regt., and contrib. largely 
to its success by his zeal, activity, and judg- 
ment, and by " his particular knowledge in the 
circumstances of tins place." Made a capt. ia 
a regular regt., called Peppercll's, 5 Sept. 1 745, 
and app., 16 Sept. 1746, to the sinecure place 
of lieut.-gov. of St. John's, Newfoundland. 
Ordere<l by Braddock to Oswego in 1755, and 
made adj. -gen. to Gov. Shirley. In 1756, he 
was again ordered to conduct supplies to Os- 
wego, and on his return, July 3, was attacked 
by a strong party of the enemy, which he de- 
feated ; app. to a company in the 60th (Roy. 
Amer.) regt. in Mar. 1757, and, 27 Dec, was 



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117 



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made lieut.-col. and dep. Q.M. gen. In 1758, 
he took pait in tlie unsuccessful attack on 
Ticonderoga ; was made Q.M. gen., rank of 
col., in Amer., 20 Auj;., and, 27 Aug., enptured 
Ft. Frontenac. An account of this expcd. 
was pub. in London in 1759. He accomp. 
Amherst in his cxped. against Ticonderoga 
and Crown Point ; was made col. in Veh. 1762, 
maj.-gen. 25 May, 1772. In 1764, he com. 
an c.xped. against the Western Indians, with 
whom he negotiated a peace at Detroit, Sept. 
7 He liad two daughters, Martha and Aga- 
tha, by his wife Mary, wlio had by her first 
husb.'(.Maj. .John Bradstrcet), Elizabeth, who 
'i.ranie thf wife of Peter Livius, and Samuel, 
niiij. 40th Foot. 

Bradstreet, Simon, gov. of Ms., b. Hor- 
bling, Lincolnshire, Eiig., March, 1603; d. 
Salem, Ms., March 27, 1B97. His father, Rev. 
Simon Bradstreet, w.is a nonconformist minis- 
ter. Bred in the religious family of the Earl 
of Lincoln, after studying one year at Eman- 
uel Coll., Cambridge, he became steward to 
the Countess of Warwick. Having m. Anne, 
dau. of Thonuis Dudley, he was persuaded 
to engage in the settlement of Ms., was chosen 
assist.-judge of a court about to be established 
there, and arrived in Salem in the summer of 
16.30. He took part in the proceedings of the 
first court held in Charlestown, Aug. 23 ; be- 
came agent and sec. of Ms., and commissioner 
of the United Colonies. In 1631, he was 
among the founders of Cambridge. He was 
among the first settlers of Andover, and resid- 
ed also at Ip.swich, Salem, and Boston. In 
1653, he, with his colleagues, vigorously and 
snccessfully opposed making war on the Dutch 
in N.V., and on the Indians ; though it was 
strongly urged by all the commissioners of the 
other Colonics. In 1662, he was sent to Eng. 
to congratulate Charles II. on his restoration, 
and to act as agent for the Colony. He was 
assistant from 16.30 to 1679.; gov. from 1679 
to lfiS6, when the charter was annulled. He 
^trenuo4lsly opposed the arbitrary measures of 
Andros. and after his overthrow in May, 1689, 
was again gov. until May, 1692, when, at the 
a. of 89, he became first councillor. He was in 
service in the govt. 62 years, except during the 
brief administrations of Dudley and Andros. 
He was a popular magistrate ; a man of great 
integrity, piety, and prudence ; was opposed to 
the witch delusion in 1692, and lived to be the 
Nestor of N.E. He advised the surrender of 
the charter of Ms. to Charles II., warily dis- 
tru*tiir_' the ability of the Colonists to resist. 

Bradstreet, Si MOX, minister of Cliarles- 
town, .\N., troin 26 Oct. 1698 to his d., 31 
Dec. 1741 ; b. New London, Ct., 7 Mar. 1671. 
H.U. 1693. Son of Rev. Simon of N. L., 
(1638-83). and grandson of Gov. Simon. He 
rankeil high as a preacher and a scholar. His 
son Simon, minister of the second Cong. 
Church, Marblehead, and a disting. linguist, 
d. .Marblehead, 5 Oct. 1771, a. 62. Ord. 4 
Jan. 1738. H.U. 1728. 

Brady, Huoh, maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. North- 
nmberlaiid Co., Pa., in .July, 1768; d. Detroit, 
April 15,1851. He was a bro. or nephew of 
Cant. .Samuel Brady, a celebrated Indian scout 
and fighter, b. Shippensburg, 1758. Ensign, 



March 7, 1792, and served in Wayne's Indian 
campaign. He left the service, biit re-entered 
it in 1808; July 6, 1812. was app. col. 22d 
regt. ; col. 2d Inf., 1816 ; brevet brig.-gen. July 
6, 1822; maj.-gen. May 30, 1848. Hedisting. 
himself at I^undy's I>ane, at Chi])pewa, and at 
Niagara, and was wounded in the two latter 
engagements. Stationed at Detroit during the 
patriot disturbances in Canada, he contrib. 
greatly to the preservation of peace on the 
frontier. 

Bradyi James Topham, an eminent law- 
yer of New York, b. there April 9, 1815; d. 
Feb. 9, 1869. His father, Thos. S. Brady, a 
lawyer and politician, trained him to the bar, 
to which ho was adm. in 1835, and where ho 
early attained reputation. His forte was crimi- 
nal cases, in nearly all of which for 30 years 
he was engaged; and he won especial distinction 
in the celebrated Forrest divorce case, and by 
his defence of Daniel E. Sickles in 1859. A 
State-rights man and a Denioc. before the Re- 
bellion, when that crisis came, he was a zealous 
sup|)orter of Mr. Lincoln's administration, but 
would never take any political office, though 
often urged to do so. During the civil war, he 
made many speeches on national questions. 
Near the close of the war, he was one of a coin- 
mission to inquire into the administration of 
the Dept. of the Gulf, under Gens. Butler and 
Banks. He was an amiable and social man, 
of much literary culture and taste, and had 
been a contrib. to the old Knickerhoclcer Mtnj- 
(iziiie One of the best of his jiieces, "A Christ- 
mas Dream," was put in a vol. as an illustrated 
holiday ]iresent. 

Bragg, Braxton, gen. C.S.A , h. Warren 
Co., N.C, ab. 1815. West Point, 1837. Enter- 
ing the 3d Art., he served against the Semi- 
nole Indians, 1839-43; brev. capt. for gal. 
comluct in defence of Fort Brown, May 9, 
1846 ; capt. 8 June, 1846 ; brev. major for gal- 
Lantry at Monterey, Mex., Sept. 23, 1846 ; brev. 
lieut.-col. for Bueiia Vista, Feb. 23, 1847; maj. 
1st ciiv., March 3, 1855; resigned Jan. 3, 
1856, and lived on his extensive plantation at 
Thibodeanx, La., until the civil war. M.ade a 
brig.-gen. in the Southern army in March, 1861, 
anil took com. of the forces at Pensacola des- 
tined to reduce Fort Pickens. In Feb. 1862, 
he was made maj.-gen., and ordered to join the 
army of the Mpi. He bore an important part 
in the battle of Shiloh, where he com. the 2d 
corps. ; was promoted to gen. in place of Gen. 
A. S. Johnston, killed in that battle, and in 
May succeeded Beauregard in com. of ihnt 
dcpt. In Aug., he lelt Chattanooga, success- 
fully turned tJuell's left flank, and, i)as<ing 
through East Tenn., entered Ky. at the head 
of a large army. Buell leaving his posts in 
Ala., marching on a much shorter line, reached 
Lonisville betbre him, and compelled Bragg to 
retire after the battle of Perryville, Oct. 9, with 
the force urKier Gen. MeCook. He carried 
away a vB<t amount of supplies and a large 
number of recruits from Ky. He was removed 
from hlscom.,an<l placed undernra'st in Rich> 
mon<l, but was soon restored, and took coin, 
of thearmv opposed to Rosecrans, Nov. 1862. 
At the battle of .Murfrcesboro', Dec. 31, 1862, 
alter a partial success, he was forced to retire. 



SUA. 



118 



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So|jt. 19, I863,hcdrfeatcd Rosccinns at C'likk- 
aniau<:ti; Nov. 25, 1863, he was dc-cisivfly ilc- 
ft-atfil liy Gen. Grunt at ^^is^'ion. Hid;:c. Re- 
lieved from com. «l>. 2 Dec. 1863. He led a 
small force from N.C. to Ga. in the autumn of 
1*04. 

Bragg, Thomas, politician, I). Warrenton, 
N.C, X.IV. 9, 1810. Cliiefly cduciitcd ut the 
MIddlctown, Ct., Mllil. Acini. ; lict;:m to |>rac- 
tise law in 18.J1 ; member of the N.C. As^em- 
hly, \>*r2; gov. of N.C. 1855-9 ; U.S.. senator 
18*59 lo.Iiilv, 18GI, when he was c.\pclled, hav- 
ing previously taken part in the Rebellion. — 

Brainerd, David, missionarv to the Indi- 
ans, b. Uaddam, Ct., April 20, 1718; d.Norlh- 
ani|iti>n. Oct. 9, 1747. He was remarkable at 
an early age for a serious turn of mind. He 
entered Y. Coll. in 1739, and was disting. Ibr 
application and general correctness of con- 
duct, but was expelled in 1742 for some trivial 
otiVncc. Licensed to preach in July, 1742. 
His stioiig desire to preach the gospel among 
the heathens was at length gratified by an 
a])]), from the Society for Propagating Chris- 
tian Knowledge, as missionary to the Indians. 
In 174.), he commenced his labors at Kauna- 
inuk, an Indian village situated between Stock- 
bridge and Albany. On the removal of the 
Kauiiamuks the next year to Stockbridgc, he 
turned his attention to the Delaware Indians. 
Ord. in Jane, 1744, by the presbytery at New- 
ark, N.J., he took up his habitation near the 
forks ol the Delaware, in Pa., where he resided 
for a year, and made two visits to the Indians 
on the Susquehanna River. His exertion.s, 
however, were unattended with much success, 
until he went to the Indians at Croswecksung 
in N J. A complete reformation in the lives 
of the savages look jilace within a year, and 
nearly 100 were baptized. In 1747, he went to 
Northampton, Ms., and passed there, in the 
family of the celebrated Jonathan Edwards, the 
residue of his days. l$rainerd was a man of 
vigorous intellect and quick discernment. Gift- 
ed with a powerful eloquence, a strong memo- 
ry, and with an intimate knowledge of human 
nature, he was eminently qualified for ihc 
business of instruction. His biography was 
written by Pres. Edwards. A new edition, to- 
gether with his jonrinils, " MirabiHa Dti (i/iiirf 
Iiidiros," and " Grace Displayed," was pub. in 
18:i2. John, his brother, also a missionarv, b. 
Ha.ldam, Ct.,28 Feb. 1720; d. Deerfield, Ms., 
March 21, 1781. Y.C. 1746. He succeeded to 
his bnitlier's mission in 1748 ; resided in New- 
ark, N.J., in 1755 ; was some time at Mt. Holly, 
and olliciated to churches arouiul Egg Harbor, 
in 17iiO-77, bnt went to Deerfield in 1777. — 
.bVe /.//; o/: ly Ri'C. Thomas Bramerd, 1865. 

Brainerd, Jimv GAnDixnR {..'alkiss, 

poet, I). New London, Ct., Oct. 21, 1796; d. 
there Sept. 20, 1828. Y.C. 1815. He was the 
son of Judge Jeremiah G., wl» d. Jan. 7, 
1830, a. 69. Educated for the bar, inadequate 
success in that vocation led him to assume in 
1822 the editorial charge of the Ct. ilirror at 
Hartford ; but the ravages of consumption 
obliged him, about a year before bis death, to 
vetuin to New London. A vol. of his poems 
was pub. in N.Y., 1825; an enlarged ed. in 



1832, cntille<l " Litcrarv Remains." and a 3il 
ed. (llartlord, lii42) edited by J. G. Whittier. 

Brainerd, Thomas, D.D., Prcsb. clergy 
man, b. Central N.Y., June 17, 1804 ; d. Scran 
ton. Pa , Ang. 22, 1866. Ord. Oct. 7. 1831. 
Descended from Daniel Brainerd the Puritan. 
He at first studied law, but soon entered the 
And. Theol. Sein., studied afterward under 
Dr. Patterson of Phila , and removed to Cin- 
cinnati, where he assisted Dr. Lyman Beccher; 
edited the Christian llertilj, Cinciiiimli ,/onriial, 
and Youths' Maiinziu'e, 1833-6, and assisted on 
ihc Preshi/ltrian Qiiarteili/ Uriiriv. From 1837 
to his death, he had charge of the Old Pine- 
street Church, Phila. Author of " The Life 
of John Brainerd." — .See Memoir, 6i/ M. Brai- 
nerd. 8vo, Phila. 

Branch, John, sec. of the U. S. N., b. 
Halilax, N.C, Nov, 4, 1782 ; d. Edgefield, N.C, 
Jan. 4, 1863. U. of N.C. 1801. Ilestudiedand 
practised law; became a judge of the Superior 
Court ; was a member of the State senate from 
1811 to 1817; gov. of the Slate in 1817-20; 
again a State senator in 1822; a U.S. senator 
from 1823 to 1829; see. of the navv under 
Pres. Jackson from 1829 to 1831 ; M.C. 1831- 
3; again a Slate senator in 18.34; in 1835, a 
member of the State Const. Conv. ; and, in 
1854-5, gov. of Fla. Terr. — JMnmun. 

Branch, LAWRiiNCE O'Brien, gen. 
C.S.A , b. Halifax Co., N.C, in 1820; killed 
in battle at AiHielam, Sept. 17, 1862. N J. 
Coll. 1838. Son of the preceding. He stud- 
ied law, settled at Raleigh, and was M C. from 
1855 to 1861, supporting the measures of the 
Democ. party. After the secession of N.C, 
May 21, he entered its military service, and 
was made hrig.-gen. in Nov. 1861. He com. 
at Newliern when it was captured by Gen. 
Burnside, and subsequently took part in sev- 
eral of the battles in that State and on the pe- 
ninsula. 

Brandt, Joseph (Thayasi>anega), a 
Mohawk chief, b. ab. 1742; d. at his seat at 
the head of Lake Ontario, U.C, 24 Nov. 1807. 
He is said to have taken an active part in the 
Niagara campaign of 1759, under Sir Wm. 
Johnson, who, in 1761, sent him to Dr. Whee- 
lock's Indian school at Hanover, where he 
translated portions of the New Testament 
into the Mohawk language. In 1763, he was 
in the war against Poniiac. He was, at the 
brcakingout of the Rcvol. war, sec. to Guy 
Johnson, superintendent of the Indians, whom 
he excited to take arms against the Colonists. 
Returning from a vi.sit to Eng. in 1775-6, he 
was employed by the British in j)redatory ex- 
cursions against the Colonists in connection 
withthe savage Tory refugee. Col. John Butler ; 
served under St. Leger at the investment of 
Port Stanwix ; was a leader in the severe battle 
of Oriskany, 6 Aug. 1777, and, though not 
present at the Wyoming Massacre, was in that 
at Cherry Valley, and in Jiily, 1779, led the 
band that destroyed Minisink, and defeated the 
party of Col. Tusten. He held a col's, com- 
mission from the king, and, after the war, pre- 
vailed on the various tribes to make a perma- 
nent treaty of peace. In 1786, he ag.iin vi it- 
cd Eng., where he was received with distinc- 
tion, and collected funds for the erection of 



119 



BRE 



the first church built iu Upper Canada, and was 
alierward ciuplo.veJ by Gov. Carleiou in tlie 
pulilic service, lie opposed the confederation 
of the Indians, which led to the expcd. of 
Wayne in 1793, and did his utmost to preserve 
peace between the Indians aud the U.S. He 
translated the Gospel of St. Mark into the 
Mohawk lan;,'uage, and did much lor the wel- 
fare of his people. His son John, an officer 
in the British service in the War of 1812, d. 
B.ajitford in Sept. 1832, a. 3G. A dau. ni. 
W. J. Kerr of Nia-ara in lS2i. — ^ee Life 
of ilmn.ll, hi/ ir. L. Utoiie. 

Bl'dnnan, John Miltox, brev, maj.-geii. 
U.S.A., b. U.C.ab. 18JU. West Point, 1841. 
Entering the 1st Art., he became Isi lieut. 
Mar. 3, 1847 ; disting. himself at Cerro Gordo ; 
won the brev. of capt. tor gallantry at Con- 
treras and Chunibuseo ; was severely wounded 
at the lielen Gate of Mexico, Sept. 13, 1847 ; 
capt. 1st. Art. Nov. 4, 1834; and brig.-;;cn. 
Vols. Sept. 28, 1861, and served in the dep. 
of tliC South, having for a time com. of South- 
ern Florida. Transferred to S.C., he com., 
Oct. 22, 1862, a reconnoissance from Hilton 
Head to the liroad Kiver and its tributaries, and 
had an eng.igement witlj a Coiilcd. force, which 
he drove across the I'ocotaligo Kiver, with 
severe loss on both sides. He com. a division 
in McCook's corps at Chickaraaui^a, 20 Sept. 
1863; was chief of art. dcpt., Cumberland, 
1863-5; brev. col. for Chickamauga; maj. 1st 
Art. Aug. 1, 1863; in the battle of Mission- 
ary Ridge, Nov. 23-25, 1863; in the battles 
and operations ending in the capturtj of At- 
lanta, 2 Sept. 1864, for which brev. brig.-gen. 
U.S.A., 13 Mar. 1865; and brev. inaj.-gen. 
U.S.A. for merit, services in the field during 
the Rcbelli'iu. — Ciillum. 

Branuan, Wili^i.im Penn, artist and 
poet of Cincinnati, b. 22 Mar. 1825 ; d. there 
9 Aug. 1866. Author of the "Harp of a 
Thousand Strings;" wrote under the pseudo- 
nyme of " Vandyke Brown," and produced 
some paintings of decided merit. — oee Poets 
and Pod III of the West. 

Brattlei William, F.R.S., lawyer, preach- 
er, phvsician, soldier, and legislator, b, Cam- 
brid,'e; .Ms, ab. 1702; d. Halifax, N.S., Oct. 
1776. H.U. 1722. Son of Wm., minister of 
Cambridge (b 22 Nov. 1662 ; d. 15 Feb. 1717. 
H.U. 1680. Ord. 25 Mar. 1696). Author of 
a compendium of logic. The son was long a 
member of the legisl. and of the council ; 
practised physic extensively ; was capt. of the 
Art. Co., 1733, and a maj. -gen. of militia; a 
benefactor of H. U. ; member of the Stamp 
Act Congress in 1765; and, being a loyalist; 
left Boston with the British troops in Mar. 
1776. 

Bravo (bra'vo), Nicolas, a Mexican gen., 
b. ('Iiilpanzingo, ab. 1792; d. there Apr. 22, 
1854. Leonardo his father, a patriot, b. near 
San Luis I'otosi, 1766; d. of prison-fever, in 
the hands of the Spaniards in the city of 
Mexico in 1812. Attached to the party of in- 
dependence from the outset, he placed himself, 
after the death of Hidalgo in 1812, under 
Moreloi, and contrib. powerfully to the suc- 
cess ot the Republican cause by his victory 
over the Spanish gen. Musitu. In 1817, be 



was taken by the viceroy Apodaca, who 
spared his life oidy at the urgent solicitation 
of many prominent royalists, lie was released 
at the general amnesty, March, 1820. He op- 
posed Iturbide ill 1822 ; and the provisional govt, 
which succeeded was confided in 1823 to Bra- 
vo, Vittoria, and Negrette. Feb. 2, 1824, Vit- 
toria obtained the presidency, and Bravo the 
vice-presidency; Dec. 23, 1827, he put him- 
self at the head of a Revol. movemeiit, but was 
easily defeated by (Jen. Guerrero ; Bravo mid 
other officers who were taken, after passing 5 
months in prison, being banished to Guate- 
mala. Recalled in 1829 by the overthrow of 
Guerrero, he was sent against hiin, and ob- 
tained his revenge on that chieftain, whom he 
took with arms in his hands, and who wtis 
shot Feb. 14, 1831. At the close of 1833, 
Bravo was again at the head of a small body 
of insurgents, and was beaten in the year fol- 
lowing by Vittoria. In July, 1839, as pres. of 
the council, he was charged with the supreme 
administration of the govt, during an inter- 
im of a week, and again, from Oct. 26, 1842, 
till JIaich, 1843, during Santa Ana's absence 
as dictator at the head of the army, and 
for the last time from July 29 to Aug. 4, 1846, 
when he was deposed by a Revol. During 
the war witli the U.S., he took part in the 
battle of Ccrro Gordo. Bravo was one of the 
most upright, honorable, and disting. men 
Mexico has produced. — A'. B. G. 

Bra:;£tOU, Carter, signer of the Decla- 
ration of Independence, h. Ncwington, Va., 
Sept. 10, 1736; d. Oct. 10, 1797. Win. and 
Mary Coll. 1756. His father was a wealthy 
planter, and bis mother the dau. of Robert 
Carter, at one time pres. of the council. In 
1760, he returned from a residence of some 
years in Eng., and in 1765 disting. himself 
in the Va. II. of burgesses, in sup|iort of Pat- 
rick Henry's celebrated Stamp Act resolu- 
tions, and in the subsequent assemblies which 
were dissolved by the gov. He was a member 
of the Va. convention of 1769, and of that of 
Williamsburg in 1774; was an active mem- 
ber of the last house of burgesses convened 
under royal authority in Va., and was a mem- 
ber of the committee to whom was referred the 
difficulty between it and Gov. Dunmore. In 
1775, he was a member of the convention which 
met at Richmond to devise measures for the 
public good, and was, Dec. 15, app. successor 
to Peyton Randolph in Congress. He did not 
remain long in that body, but served in the 
Va. legisl. till 1786 ; from 1786 to 1791 was a 
member of the State council, and also from 
1794 to 1797. He inherited several planta- 
tions ; but the clo.so of his life was imbittcred 
by ))ecuiiiary embarrassment, and the entire 
wreck of his fortune. He was a man of talent, 
of sound judgment, and remarkable prudence 
and fiirctlinnglit. In 1776, he pub. at I'bila. 
" An Address to the Convention of Va. on the 
Subject of Govt." 

Brearly, David, jurist; d. Trenton, N.J., 
16 Aug. 1790, a. 44. Lieut-col. in the Revol. 
army, and a cool and brave officer. Member 
(d' the State and Federal Const. Convs., and 9 
years chief-justice of N.J. — Alili-n's Epitiijths. 

Breathitt, Jous, gov. Ky., 1832-t, b. near 



XIK£: 



120 



BRB 



Ntw Loiuluii, Va., Sept. 9, 178G; il. Frank- 
fori, Ky., iVb. 21, 1834. His father settled in 
Logan Co. in l8tXJ. Jolin was a sun-eyur 
aiiil scliool-tcaelier, anil, acquiring some prop- 
erty, studied law ; odm. to the bar in Feb. 
1810; was sevenvl years thercalter in the legisl.; 
was lieut.-frov. in 1828-32. He was a warm 
supporter ot' Jacksun for the Presidency. — 
Ou/iiis's llisl. otKy. 

Brebeuf, ^EA.N de (I 593-1 649), was one 
of the earliest missionaries sent to Canada, 
whither, in 1625, he accotnpanied Champlain, 
and established himself amon;^ the Uurons. 
Unrin^ a residence among them of 3 years, he 
acquired lliiir language, gained their confi- 
dence, and exercised a |mternal influence 
ovei them. Ue fell a victim to the implacable 
hatred which exi-ied between the Ilurons and 
Iivqnois. In 1049, in a combat where the 
Hurons, uncxpeetcdly attacked, had the disad- 
vantage, Brebcuf fell into the hands of the 
Iroquois, who iiut him to death with the fright- 
ful torments which they usually indict on their 
prisoners of war. At the end of his " Voyages," 
Champlain has printed the" CuUrliismi' Iritiliiit 
dwtsta Laiu/ne {h-s ilarons,*' by father Brebcuf. 
This is the Hrst known specimen of the idiom 
of the savages of Canada, Paris, 1052. 

Breck, Daniel, I-L.D., jurist, son of Uev. 
Daniel (1T48-1845), b. Topslield, .Ms., Feb. 12, 
1788. O.C. 1S12. He studied law, and re- 
moving to Kichmond, Ky., in 1814, commenced 
practice there. .Judge of a county court; 
from 1824 to 1829, he was a menilicr of the 
State Icgisl. ; from 1835 to 1843, he was pres. 
of the brunch bank of Ky. at Richmond ; 
in 1843, he was app. judge of the Su|>reine 
Court of Ky., ami was AI.C. from 1 849 to 1851. 
LL. D. of Transyl. U. in 1843. — Imiiiuuii. 

Breck, Roisert, minister of Springlield, 
Ms., from .Julv 26, 1736,to hisd.,.\pr. 23, 1784, 
b. July 25, 1713. H.U. 17:iO. Son of Robert, 
minister of Marlborough, 1704-31. His settle- 
ment gave rise to much controversy as to his 
religious views. He v»as a man of great learn- 
ing, and a close iV'a.-oncr. He pub. a century- 
sermon on the burning of the town by the In- 
dians, Oct. 16, 1075. — S/>rwjiie. 

Breck, Samtkl, son of Uev. Daniel, b. 
Boston. 17 Julv, 1771 ; d. I'hila., 1 Sept. 1862. 
At the Roy. Milit. Coll. of Lorczc in 1783-7. 
His family moved to Pa. in 1792. He was 
many years in the Pa. legisl. and in the Pliila. 
city govt. ; M.C. 1823-5 ; member of the Pa. 
Hist. Soc. He pub. historical sketch of Con- 
tinental paper-iuoncy, 1843, and some histori- 
cal addresses. 

Breckinridge, Gen. James, lawyer and 
politician, b. near Fincastle, Botetourt Co., 
Va., Man h 7, 1703 ; d. there Au-. 1846. W. 
and M. Coll. 1785. He was a Revol. soldier, 
serving in Col. Preston's rifle regt.. uuiler 
Gi-eeue, in 1781 ; was adm. to the bar in 1787, 
and l)ecanie a successful lawyer; apromiixnt 
leader of the old Federal partv in the gen. as- 
sembly of the State, and .\1.C. 1809-17. He 
xvas an active and cfticient frieinl of that great 
iniproveinent by which Va. proposed to con- 
nect the waters of the Chesapeake with those 
of the I )hio, and a zealous co-laborer with Mr. 
Jcft'erson in founding the U. of Va. 



Breckinridge, John, U.S. atty.-gcn. in 
1805, author and advocate of the celebrated 
" Rcsolniions ol 1798-9 " in the Va. legifl., b. 
Va. 1700; d. Lexington, Ky., Dec. 17, 1806. 
Emigrating to Kv., he was chosen U.S. sen- 
ator in 1801, and introduced, in 1802, a resolu- 
tion for t!ic repeal of the Judiciary Act of 1801, 
establishing several new tribunals. In the de- 
bate which Ibllowed, Mr. Breckcnrulgedisting. 
himself by his eloquent speeches. He aUo look* 
an active part in the discussion relative to the 
free navigation of the Mpi. A vol. of his 
speeches was ]iub. 

Breckinridge, Joits, D.D. (Un. Coll. 

1835), b. Cabell's Dale, Ky., 4 July, 1797; d. 
near Lexington, Ky., 4 Ai'ig 1841.' N J. Coll. 
1818. Son of the preceding. Licensed to 
preach in 1822 ; chaplain to Congress in 1822- 
3 ; pastor of a Presb. chuRh at Lexington, 10 
Sept. 182.1-1826, during which time he estab- 
lished the Weslern Liiminarg, a religious news- 
paper. In 1826-.1I, hewas colleague with Dr. 
Glendy at Baltimore; sec. and gen. -agent of 
the Presb. Board of Education at Phila. in 
1831-0; prof, of theology at the Princeton 
Sein. in I8.'t6-S; sec. and gen.-agent of the 
Boani of Foreign Mission.s, 1838-40, and at 
the time of his d. pres. elect of Oglethorjic U , 
Ga. In 18.30-8, he was settled at N. Orleans. 
He wa-^ an able controversialist : and his discus- 
sion with Bishop Hughes ol N.Y. was pub. 
with the title, " Roman-Catholic Controversy." 
He was an eloquent preacher and an able 
polemic writer. Pres. of the African Coloni- 
zation Soc. — Sprwine. 

Breckinridge, John Cabell, vice.-pres. 
of the L' S.. li. near Lexington, Ky., Jan. 21, 
1821. CirandsOnof Senator John B. Centre 
Coll., Ky. Ho studied law at the Tran-yl. 
Institute, and was adm. to the bar at Lexing- 
ton. After residing at Burlington, lo., for a 
lime, he returned to Lexington, where be prac- 
tised his profession with success. He served as 
a major during the Mcx. war, and disting. him- 
self as the counsel of Gen. Pillow during the 
fatuous court-martial. On his return, he was 
elected to the State legisl, and was M.C. from 
1851 to 18.55. The mission to Spain was ten- 
dered him by Pres. Pierce, but was declined. 
He became V.P. in March, 1857. One of his 
first |>ublic performances was the delivery of a 
eulogy on Henry Clay. He entered the senate 
in 1801 as successor of .1. J. Crittenden. Can- 
didate of the Southern Democ. for Pres. in 
1860, and defcatcil ; expelled from the senate, 
Dec. 4. 1861 ; made amaj.-gen. C.S.A., 5 Aug. 
1862; he com. the reserve at Sbiloli. Apr. 6, 
1862; coin, the lorce which attaikcd Baton 
Rouge, La., Aug. 5, 1862, and was rc|iulsed; 
com. a division in Polk's corps at Murlrees- 
boro', Dec. 31, 1802; at Chiekainaiiga, Nov. 
25, 1863 ; defeated Sigel near Newmarket, Va., 
May 13, 1804; then joined Lee's uiiny, and 
was at the battle of Cold Harbor, June 3] 1 804 ;' 
com. a corps under Early in the Shenandoah 
Valley, when ilefeatcd by Gen. Sheridan, Sept. 
1864;' deleated (ien. liil'lem in E. Teini., Nov. 
12 ; was in the battle near Nashville, Dec. 15, 
and in Jan.-.Vpr. 1865, wa.« sec. of war at Rich- 
inonil ; was in Europe aher Lee's surrondur, 
1805-8. 



BRS 



121 



BRE 



Breckinridge, Robert Jepfersov, 
D. 1)., lA.. I)., I'resb. divine, b. at C;ibell's 
Dale, Ky., Mar. 8, 18(10. Un. Coll. 1819. lie 
practisei"! law from ISi^ to 18.'!1, and was, 
nieanwhire, several limes in the Ivy. le;:isl. 
From 1S!2 to 1845, he was pastor of the First 
Prcsb. Church, Baltimore, and noted tor his 
eloquence. Pres. of Jelf. Coll., Pa., from 184.') 
to 1847, when he returned to Ky. ; assumed 
llio pasioraie of the i'irst Presb. Church in 
Le.\iuj;ton, and became superintendent of pub- 
lie iustruition for the State. He resigned 
these stations in 18.)'), havinjj been elected 
prof of theolofry in the newly-cstahlished sem. 
at Danville, Ky., an office which he continues 
to hold. While in Baltimore, he edited the 
Litcrai'ij and litll'jioitA Mwjnzme and the Spirit 
of the idlli Ciiitunj; and his discussions with 
the Catholics evinced great knowled^'e of 
church-history and theology. He is the princi- 

fal authorof the common-school system ofKy. 
n the antislavery discussions of the day, ho 
opposed the extremists of.either side, and ear- 
nestly supported the Union cau.-e during the civil 
war. He pub 2 vols, of " Travels in Europe " 
in 1838, and besides a groat number of tracts, 
essays, and letters, in 18.J7 pub. an important 
work on " Theology objectively considered." 
LL.D. of Jeff. Coll. 1847; H.U. 1862; D.D. 
of Un. Coll. 18.39. D. Danville, Ky. Dec. 27, '71. 
Breese, Samoei, L., rear-adm. U..S.N., b. 
N.Y., 1794; d. Mt. Airey, Penn., Dec. 17, 
1870. Midshipm. Sept. 10, 1810; lieut. Apr. 
27, 1816; commander, Dec. 22, 18.35; capt. 
Sept. 8, 1841 ; rear-adm. .luly IG, 1862. He was 
present at the battle of Lake Champlain, Sept. 
11, 1814 ; com. frigate " Cumberland," Medit. 
sipiad., 1845; was present at the capture of 
Tnspan and Tabasco, Mexico, and at the cap- 
ture of Vera Cruz, 1847 ; com. Mediterranean 
fleet, 1856-8; com. N.Y. nivy-yard, 1859-61. 
BreesCi Sidney, senator and jurist, b. 
Whitesboro', Oneida Co., N.Y., July 15, 1800. 
Un. Coll. 1818. He removed to 111., and in 
1821 wasadm. to tlie bar; became assist, sec. 
of State, and was .State atly. from 1822 to 1827, 
when he was app. U. S. atty. for III. In 1829, 
he pub. a vol. of Decisions of the Suj>reme 
Court, the first octavo vol. pub. in the State ; 
served as a lieut. col. of vols, in the Black 
Hawk War; in 18.35 was elected a circuit 
judge ; was U. S. senator in 1843-9, and was 
chairman of the com. on public lands, and a 
regent of the Smithsonian Inst., during Polk's 
administration. In 1850, he was siwuker of 
the 111. Icgisl. ; was one of the originators of 
the III. Central R.R. ; in 1855, he was again 
placed upon tlic Circuit Court bench of which 
ne was made chief judge. — Lannum. 

Bremer, Freduika, a Swedish novelist, 
b. near Abo, Finland, 17 Aug. 1801 ; d. Arsta, 
near Stockholin, 31 Dec. 1865. She was care- 
fully educated by her parents, who were wealthy, 
•and taught an acad. at Stockholm. "The 
Neighbors," her first work, app. in 1824. Her 
visit to the U. S. in 1849-51 is recorded in 
ber " Homes in the New World." She after- 
ward pub. an account of her travels in Swit- 
icrlnnd, Italy, and the Holy Land. — -See her 
Life, 0:tlers, and Posllmmoua Works, by her Sis- 
U'r Charlotte, 1868. 



Brenton, Jauleel, post-capt. British na- 
vy, b. Oct. 22, 1729 ; d. Edinburgh. Jan. 1802. 
Wm., the first Pilgrim, was gov. of li. I. His 
son •Iaiii.eee, 2d, coll. of the customs in N.E. 
under Wm. III.,d. 1732 ; and his son Jauleel, 
.3d, who seems to have been a great laud- 
holdcr(b. Aug. 15. 1691). m. the dau. of Saml. 
Cranston, gov. of K. I. By this lady he had 
7 daughters and 8 sons, one of whom. .Jauleel, 
4th, m. Henrietta Onvlcy fof the Cowleys of 
Worcestershire), who bore him a large family. 
In his youth, he entered the navy, but had 
attained only the rank of lieut., and was living 
quietly on the patrimonial estate in li. I., when 
the Rcvol. began. He was a man of high char- 
acter and respectable talents: efliiirts were 
made to enlist him on the patriot side. Ho 
was offered high rank in their navy, but re- 
fused, and at last escaped to a British cruiser 
off the coast, sacrificing all but a small frag- 
ment of 11 liberal fortune. He served with rep- 
utation, rose to be a post capt., and brought up 
three sous to the same prof. His son Sir Jah- 
LEEL, rear-adm. of the Blue, b. R. I., 1770, d. 
Elford. Eug., Apr. 3, 1844. He first served 
in 1781, in " The Queen," commanded by his 
father. His second son, Edward Pelua.m, 
author of " The Naval History of Great Bii- 
taiu." d. a post capt. in I^ondon, 1839. 

Brenton, William, gov. of R I., d. New- 
port, 1G74. Tlie family, who were persons of 
wealth and consideration in Hammersmith, 
Eng., cniig. to Amer. in the reign of Charles I. 
Ho was a representative of Boston for several 
vears, dating from 1635 ; lieut.-gov. of R. I. 
before 1660, and in 1663; pres. of U I. be- 
tween 1660 and 1661 , and gov. under the char- 
ter, from 1666 to 1669. 

Brevard, Du. Ephraim, a Revol. patriot 
of N.C, author of the Mecklenburg Declara- 
tion of Independence ; d. at Charlotte, N.C., 
near the close of the war. N.J. Coll. 1768. 
He was one of the " seven sons " of his wid- 
owed mother, who were in the army. Studied 
medicine, and settled as a physician in Char- 
lotte, N C. In Mav. 1775, he was clerk of the 
convention held in Charlotte, Mecklenburg Co., 
and, as one of the committee to prepare resolu- 
tions, produceil tlie fainousdocument by which 
they antiei|iated by more than a year the Dec- 
laration by Congress. When the British invad- 
ed the Southern States, Dr. Brevard entered 
the Cuuiinental army as a surgeon, and was 
taken prisoner at Charleston, in May, 1780. 
Broketi by disease, when set at liberty he re- 
turned to Charlotte, where he soon after died. 

Brewer, Col. Jonathan, Revol. officer of 
Waltham, Ms., b. Framingham, 3 Feb. 1726; 
d. there 6 Jan. 1784. He had been an officer 
in the French war, and, at Bunker's Hill, com. 
a regt., behaved with spirit, and was wounded. 
In May, 1775, be proposed to the Prov. Con- 
gress un expcd. to Quebec by way of the 
Kennebec and Chaudiere ; thanked by the 
Prov. Cong, for giving up his regt. to Col. 
Whitcomb, and app. barrack-muster, 16 Nov. 
1776. 

Brewer, Col. Samijel, b. Framingham, 
Ms. ; d. alter 1781. Bro. of Col. .(onathan 
Brewer ; adj.gen. of the troops at Roxburjr, 



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nniicr Gen. Thomas, in the spriiiR of 1775 ; 
wounik'd at Bunker's Hill ; autliurizeii to 
raise n regt. for service at Ticondero;,'a in Au;;. 
1776 ; oul. 12tli Ms. ConliiientuI regt. 1777-8; 
casliieroil 1778. 

Brewerton, Henry, LL.I). (l)iek Coll. 
1847), bnv. biij,'.-Kcn. U.S.A., b. N.V. West 
Point, 181'J. Entering the engineer corps, he 
became col. 22 Apr. 1864 ; brcv bri^j.-gcn. 13 
Mar. 1865, retireil 7 Mar. 1867; supt. cngr. 
ol the defences of Baltimore harbor, and of 
Del. River and Bay. 1861-5, and of N.Y. har- 
bor dcfence<, 1865-7. — Culhint. 

Brewster, Cii,vni.ES W.vkren, editor and 
author, l>. I'oitsnionth, N.H., i;t Sc|.t. 1802; 
d. there ') Aii^r. 1868. He received a common 
Bchool educaiion, wa.s an ajipreniicc in the of- 
fice of the Purlsiiioiilh .lourmil, with whith he 
was connected over half a century, and was 
43 years its proprietor. He was in 1846-7 a 
meiiihcr of tlie State lef;isl. and in 1830 a 
member of the last Const. Conv. Author of 
" Fifty Years in a Printini;-Uflice," " Kam- 
bles aiiont Portsmouth," 2 .series, 1859-1870. 

Brewster^ Wiuli.im, a Pilgrim of Ply- 
raouih, elder and only teacher for some years, 
b. Scrooby, Eng., in 1366; d. Plymouth, Ms., 
April 16, 1644. After an education at Cam- 
bridge U., he entered the service of William 
Davison, ambassador of Queen Elizabeth, in 
Holland, between whom and himself a strong 
attachment subsisted. Through Davison's in- 
fluence, he was made postmaster of Scrooby. 
Turning his attention to religious subjects, he 
withdrew from the Established Church, and es- 
tablished with others a separate society. This 
new church met on the Lord's Day, at Mr. 
Brewster's house, as long as they could assem- 
ble without interruption. Endeavoring by 
flight to avoid their persecutors, Mr. Brewster, 
and Mr. Bradford and others, were seized 
in 1607, just as they were going to Holland, 
and imprisoned at Boston in Lincolnshire. 
Mr. Brewster, having most property, was the 
greatest sufterer, and, obtaining with much dif- 
ficulty and expense his liberty, he first assisted 
the poor of the society to emigrate, and then 
followed them to Holland. His means being 
exhausted, he opened a ."ichool at Lcyden for 
teaching the English language. By the assist- 
ance of some friends, he also procured a print- 
ing-press, and pub. several books against the 
hierarchy, but could not obtain a license for 
their pub. in Eng. Such was his reputation in 
the church at Leydcn, that he was chosen a 
ruling elder, and accorap. its members who 
emig. to N. E. in 1620. The church at Ply- 
mouth being fur several years destitute of a 
minister, Mr. Brewster, who was respected for 
his character and venerable age, frcnucnily 
officiated as a preacher, though he could never 
bo persuaded to administer the sacraments — 
See Life and Times of Wm. Diewstcr, bi/ A. 
Uleele,' l»a' . 

Brickett, .I.vMi;s, phvsician and Uevol. pa- 
triot, b. 17.i7; d. Haverhill, .Ms, y Dec. 1818. 
He pracliicd physic successfully many years in 
Haverhill ; was n surgeon in the army at Ti- 
conderoga in 1759-60; became lieut.-col. of 
Frye's Essex rcgt. 20 May, 1775, and wo3 en- 
gaged and wounded at Bunker's Hill, 17 June; 



was app. brig-gen. of the forces to be sent 
to Canada. II July, 1776 ; com. the escort of 
Buruoyne's captive soldiers from Saratoga to 
Cambridge, Ms., in Oct. 1777. — V/mse's /list., 
llavrrhiU. 

Bridge, Horatio, b. Augusta, Mc., Apr. 
8, 1806. Bowd. Coll. 1825. Son of Judge 
James. Studieii law, and o|>cned nn office at 
Augusta; entered the navy as paymaster in 
1838 ; chief of the bureau of clothing and pro- 
vision, 1843-68. Author of "Journal of aa 
African Cruiser." 

Bridgman, Laura, a blind deaf-mute, b. 
Hanover, N.H., Dec. 21, 1829. At the age of 
2 years, a severe illness deprived her of sight 
and hearing, and couseqncntlyof siwech; wliile 
the sense of smell was also destroyed, and that 
of taste much impaired. She gradually recov- 
ered her health ; but none of her senses were 
resloreil. At the age of 8, she became an in- 
mate of the I'crkins Inst, for the Blind, in Bos- 
ton, under the care of Dr. S. G. IIoHe,w here she 
was taught the names and qualities of objects, 
and how to write. Subsequently ocquired the 
rudiments of arithmetic; took fcssons on the 
piano, in which she became quite skilful ; and 
ac(iuired a jjractical knowledge of needlework 
ajid of some household duties. She manifests 
in a remarkable degree that maidenly coyness 
and reserve which have been so often regarded 
as till} result of education. She is still an ia- 
nnite of the Perkins Asylum. — AppUton's Neio 
Arnrr, Ci/cL 

BriggS, Charles Frederick, author and 
journalist, b. Nantucket. Uemoving to N.Y. 
(^ity early in life, he has since resided there. 
In 1845, in conjunction with Edgar A. Poc, he 
edited the Braidwui/ Juurwil, a weekly ; also 
edited Putnam's ^Ja'|u:ine from 1833 to 1856, 
in connection with G. W. Curtis and Parke 
Godwin, and has since been one of the editors 
of the Neiv-York Times. He was also connect- 
ed with the Eveninr) Minor. He ]mb in 1839 
" The Adventures of Harry Franco," a novel ; 
"Story of the Telegraph," 1838; in 1844, 
" Thellauntcd Merchant," and in 1847," The 
Trippings of Tom Pepper." He is a vigorous 
and caustic writer. Some of his poetical 
]iicces have appeared in Putnam's Monthli/, and 
others in a choice vol. of selections, — "Sea- 
weeds from the Shores of Nantucket." — 
Dui/rhinck. 

BriggS, George Xixos, LL.D. (Wms. 
Coll. 1844), gov. of Ms., b. Adams, Ms., April 
13, 1796; d. Pitlsfield, Sept. 12, 1831. A.iL 
of H.U. 1828. His father served under Stark 
at Bennington. Ho learned the trade of a 
hatter; studied law; was adm. to the bar in 
Oct. 1818; practised successively in Adams, 
Lanesborough, and Pitlsfield, and in 1827, in 
the defence of a Stockbridgc Indian tried at 
Lenox for murder, established his reputation 
as one of the ablest criminal lawyers of tlio 
State. Regi»ter of deeds from 1824 to 1831; 
M.C. 1831-43 ; gov. of Ms. 1844-51 ; judge of 
C. C. P. in 1831-6. He was a member of the 
Suite Const. Conv. of 1853. In 1861, he was 
one of a committee to adjust the differences 
between the U.S. and New Grenada; but his 
death, from the accidental discharge of a gun, 
prevented his catering upon that duty. A 



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Strenuous advocate of temperance ; prcs. of the 
Temperance Union, of the Ms. S. S. Union, the 
Baptist Missionary Union, and the Tract So- 
ciety at Boston. A biography by Rev. Win. 
C. Kichards appeared in 1866. His son. Col. 
Uenky ShawBkiggs, com. lOth Ms. Vols. ; 
made hrig.-gen. 17 July, 1862; wounded at 
Fair Oaks ; b. 1 Aug. 18-'4. Wms. Coll. 1844. 
A lawyer by profession. 

Brigham, Amvuiah, M.D., physician, 
and suijcrinteudent of asvlunis fur the insane, 
b. Xew .Marlboro', .Ms., Dec. 26, 1798 ; d. Sept. 
8,1849. Left an orphan at 11, and at 17 he com- 
menced the study of medicine, supporiing him- 
self by teaching school during winters. Com- 
mencing practice in 1821, he resided success- 
ively in ICntield and Greentield, Ms., and in 
Hariford, Ct., and spent a year (1828-9) in 
Kuropean travel and study. In 18;37-, he deliv- 
ered a course of lectures betbre the Coll. of 
Physicians and Surgeons, N.Y. He was su- 
perintendent of the Insane Asylum at Hartford, 
1840-2, and at the State Lunatic Asylum. Uti- 
cu, X.Y., from 184;i till his death. He deliv- 
ered lectures on the treatment of the insane, 
prepared reports, and established, in 1844, a 
Journal of Insanity. He pub. in 1832 a small 
work on " Asiatic Cholera," .soon after, a trea- 
ti^eon'' .Mental Cultivation and Kxcitenient; " 
in 18:16, "The liitlueuce of Religion upon the 
Health and I'hysieal Welfare of Mankind;" 
in 1840, •• The Anatomy, Physiology, and Pa- 
thology of the Brain ; " in 1849, a'small vol. 
of aphorisms and maxims for the use of those 
who had been under his care, with the title of 
"The Asvlum Souvenir." — See Memoir, ly 
E. K. Uuiit, in Gross's Med. Biorj. 

Brigham, P.vul, d. Norwich, Vt., June 
16, 1824, a. 79. Four years a capt. in the 
Revol. army ; high sheritf of Windsor Co., 
Vt., 5 years; maj.-gen. of militia; 5 years 
chief-justice County Court; and 22 years 
lieut.-gov. of Vt. 

Bright, JKSSt: D.,U. S. senator (1845-62), 
b. Norwich, Chenan;:o Co., N.Y., Dec. 18, 
1812. Removing to Ind., he received an aca- 
demic education, and studied and practised 
law. He was circuit judge of Ind. ; State 
scuator, U. S. marshal, lieut.-gov. of the State, 
and pres. of the U. S. senate during several 
sessions In 18.')7, the Deinoc. members of the 
State legisl. re-elected him to the senate in a 
manner which was denounced as fraudulent and 
uneCinsiitutional by his Republican opponents; 
and his scat was contested. He continued a 
senator until Feb. 1862, when, on a charge of 
disloyalty, — the principal proof of which wns, 
that in March, 1861, he wrote a letter to Hon. 
Jefterson Davis, pres. of the Confed. States, 
" recommending to him a person desirous of 
furnishing arms," — he was expelled by a vote 
of -t' to 14. 

Bright, Jo.vATHAN Brown, merchant of 
N. Y. Citv, b. Waltham, Ms., Apr. 2.), 1800; 
pub. in 18"58 "The Brights of Suffolk, Eng., 
represented in America by the Descendants 
of Henry Bright, jun., who settled at Water- 
town, .Ms., all. 16.')0." — iJmjckindc. 

Brignoli, Sig. Pasqcaliko, long an es- 
tablished and favorite tenor on the Amer. ope- 
ratic stage, b. Milan, 18^12. At 15, he produced 



an opera in his native city. Disgusted with the 
rendering of its finest aria by Cartalaui, he 
rushed on the stage in his street-dress, and 
sang the rdle to the delight of all. — Brown't 
Amer. Uliiije. 

Brinley, Francis, b. Boston, Nov. 10, 
1800. H. U. 1818. Adm. to the Sntfolk bar 
in 1821. .Member of the council of Boston 
some years, and its ]nes. in 18.50, '51 ; nieniber 
of the -Ms. legisl. 18.'J2, '50, '54 ; of the senate 
in 1852, '.5.1, '6;J, and of the State Const. Conv. 
in 185.3. He was an early advocate of railway 
and other internal improvements, of the alioli- 
tion of im|>risonment for debt, and of a well- 
regulated militia system, and was thrice cliosen 
capt. of the Ancient and Hon. Art. Co. Author 
of a lite of his bro.-inlaw, William T. Porter, 
1860, and contrib. to /y«;i('s Merch. M^wj. and 
the American ,/arlst. His articles on Dower 
are cited by Chancellor Kent in his Commen- 
taries. Also a frequent contrib. to the press, 
and a successful lecturer. He pub. in 1830 an 
Address betbre the Franklin Debating Society 
of Boston. — Unyrkiuck. 

Briou (brcHjii), Peter Louis, adm. of Co- 
lombia, b. Caracas, July 6, 1782; d. Sept. 20, 
1821. He studied navigation in the U.S. After 
the death of his lather, who bequeathed him a 
large fortune, he returned to his country, 
bought a vessel, and made several voyages, antl 
settled at Caracas in 1804, where he estab- 
lished a inercantile house. He took an active 
part in the events of 1809 and 1810; volunteered 
his services in 1811 to the Republic of Caracas, 
and was app. capt. of a frigate. At his own 
expense, he lilted out a fleet, and attacked the 
Spanish forces at the Island of Marguerite, 
where he gained a signal victory. Brion dis- 
ling. himself at the conquest of Guiana, and 
also at Santa Marta and Carthagena, and was 
in 1816 the active coadjutor of Bolivar. He 
is reproached for his parliality, if not bar- 
barity, in the affair of Gen. Piar. It is, how- 
ever, the only stain on his character. 

Brisbane, Auuott H., engineer, b. S. C. 
West Point, 1825. In 3d Art. 182.5-8. Col. 
S. C. Vols, against the Seminole Indians, 
183.5-6, and in the skirmish of Tomoka, 10 
Mar. 1836. Railroad engineer in S. C. and 
Ga., 1836-48; prof of belles-lettres and ethics, 
S. C. Milit. Acad., 1848-53; planter near 
Charleston, S. C, since 1853. Author of 
" Ralphton, or the Young Carolinian of 1776," 
a political romance. — ','«//«m. 

Brissot (iire'-so') de Ouarville, Jean 

PiEKUE, French autlior anil re\olutiotiist, b. 
Ouarville, 14 Jan., 1754 ; guillotined, Paris, 30 
Oct. 1793. Abandoning the law for literature, 
he in 1780 pub. his "Theory of Criminal 
Laws," and was in 1784 thrown into the Bas- 
tile for his writings. He afterwards visited 
Geneva and Eng., and, on his return to France, 
established at Paris a society for the abolition 
of negro slavery. In 1788, he travelled iu 
America, ami pub. an account of his journey 
in 1791. Ue then established at Paris the 
French Patriot, a revol. journal ; became in 
July, 1789, a member of the Paris municipal- 
ity, and was a member of the National As- 
sembly, and a leader of the (Jirondists. Ac- 
cused by Robespierre, and brought before tha 



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revol. tribunal, lio was speedily put out of the 
way. He was a great admirer of the Ameri- 
cans, assumed the habits uf the Quakers, and 
introduced the fusliion of wearing the buir with- 
out powder. Among his many writings are an 
" Kxainination of the Travels of Chasteliux in 
America," " The Commerre of America with 
Kuropi," 8vo, Ixjud., 1793, and "Letters on 
the History of Kngland." 

Bristed, Chaules Astok, author, b. X.Y., 
isao. V. C. 18.ia. Son of Kev. John Bris- 
ted. He s|M;nt 5 years at Cambridge, Eng., 
and took liis degree at Trinity Coll. in 1845. 
At both universities, he gained frequent prizes 
for classical attainments. Keturning home, ho 
m., in 1847, the dau. of Henry Brcvoort. He 
has latterly resided in Paris and in Baden-Ba- 
den. His corresp. with the N. Y. Spiril ofOie 
Times records the matters of art, literature, the 
drama, and the social aspect of the times pas.s- 
ing under his eye; and an article in Fniser, of 
July, 1850, treats of the relation of the English 
press to the U. S. Author of many lively pa- 
pers in Fiaser's and other magazines, of editions 
of some of the classics, and of " Five Years in 
an English University," pub. in 1852. One of 
the original trustees of the Astor Library. — 

Dl,l/,k.lirh. 

Bristed, John, Pr.-Ep. clergyman and au- 
thor, b. Dorsetshire, Eng., in 1778; d. Bristol, 
R.L, Feb. 23, 1855. After studying the cla.s- 
sics at Winchester Coll., and medicine at Eil- 
inburgh, he turned his attention to the study 
of the law, and, arriving at New York in 181)6, 
practised law there many years with distinction. 
Urd. in 1828, when he became as^ist. to Bishop 
Griswold, then rei-tor ot St. Michael's at Bris- 
tol, R.I. In 1829, the bishop removed to Ms., 
and was succeeded by Mr. Bristed in the rec- 
torship of St. Michael's, which he resigned in 
1843. He m., in 1820, a dau. of John Jacob 
Astor. Author of "Resources of the U. S.," 
1818; "The Adviser, or the Moral and Lit- 
erary Tribunal," 4 vols , 1802; "A Pedestrian 
Tour through Part of the Highlands of Scot- 
land in 1801 ; " a coll. of" Critical and Philos. 
Essays," 1804; "The Society of Friends Ex- 
amined," 1805; and, in 1806, "Edward and 
Anna." In 1 807, he conducted the Moiithli/ 
lie^n'sler ; in 1809, ho pub. in N. Y. " Hints on 
the National Bankruptcy of Britain ; " in 1811, 
"The Resources of the British Empire." In 
1814. he delivered an oration on "The Utility 
of Literary Establishments." 

Bristol, Jous BuNYAS, landsca|)e-pBinter, 
b. Hillsdale, N.V., Mar. 14, 1824. His early 
life was a struggle without aid, instruction, or 
sympathy. In 1859. he visiteil Fla., and in 
1862 settled in N. Y. City. Among his pic- 
tures are. " Aliernoon on the St John's," "Au- 
tumn Afternoon near Bolton, Lake George," 
"Mansfield Mountain at Sunrise." and "An 
Afternoon in Haying Time." — TuckeniKin. 

Brock, SiK Isaac, » British maj.-gcn.. b. 
Guernsey, Oct. 6, 1769; killed at the battle of 
Queenstown, Canada, Oct. 13, 1812. Enter- 
ing the army as ensign in 1783, ho had seen 
service in Holland, and in the attack on Copen- 
hagen in 1801, when, Oct. 9, 1811, with the 
rank of maj.-gen., he was app pres. and ad- 
ministrator of the govt, ot Upper Canada. 



lie took prompt measures to place the province 
in a condition to meet the im|icnding conflict 
with the U. S. ; captured the army of Gen. 
Hull at Detroit, Aug. 16, 1812, and, while 
rallying his troops on the field of Queenstown, 
fell pierced by 3 balls. A monument marks 
the >pot wbire he fell. 

Brockenborough, William, judge, b. 
July 10, 1778; d. Uiehmond, Va., Dec. 10, 
1838. Representative of Essex Co. in legisl. ; 
afterward ciiuneillur ; judge Gen. Court, 1809- 
1834 ; jiidiie of the Court of Appeals, 18.34-8. 

Broderick, David CoLnnETH, politician, 
b. Washington, D.C., Dec. 1818; killed in a 
duel with Judge Terry in Cal., Sept. 21, 18.'J9. 
His father, « native of Ireland, and a stone- 
cutter, removed to N.Y. during his early youth, 
and ab. I8;}7, with bis mother and only bro. 
d. there. Acquiring great political influence 
in N.Y. City, while engineer in the fire dept., 
he was a candidate for Congress in 1846. In 
1849, be was in Cal. ; was in the senate of that 
Stute in 1850; pres. of that body in 1851 ; 
again State senator in 1852, and in 1856 was 
sent to the U. S. senate. He was eminent as 
a debater, opposed the admission of Kansas as 
aslavcStateundor the Lecompton Constitution, 
and separateil from the Democ. party on the 
question of slavery in 1858. 

Brodhead, Gen. David, b. Va., 1736; 
d. Jlilt'onl. I'a., Nov. 15, 1809. He raise»l a 
company of ritienien in 1775, who serve<l in 
the battle of Long Island ; app. col. 8th Pa. regt. 
In Apr. 1778, he led an exped. against the 
Indians. In the spring of 1781. he led another 
exped. against the Muskingum Indians, which 
was successful. He made two im]>ortant 
treaties with the Indians, — one of ihcin, July 
22, 1779, with the Cherokees. He received 
the thanks of Congress, and was many years 
surveyor-;.'en. of Pa. — OeHass. 

Brodhead, Jacob, D.D., b. Ulster Co., 
N.Y., Mav 14, 1782; d. Springfield, Ms., June 
6.1855. 'Un. Coll. 1801. His ancestor, Capt. 
Daniel of Yorkshire, was an officerin the exped. 
under Col. Nicolls against New Netherland 
in 1664, and settled in Esopns or Kingston, 
N.Y., in 1665. Tutor in Un. Coll. in 1802; 
pastor of the Kef. Dutch Church at Rhinebcck 
from 1804 till 1809, when he settled in N.Y. 
as one of the pastors of the Collegiate Church. 
He established the First Dutch Church in 
Phila., whither he went in 1813; returned to 
N.Y. in 1826, and took charge of the ch\irch 
in Bi-oome St. until 1837, when he removed to 
Saugertics, and l)ecame pastor of the chureh 
at Flatbush. He removed to Brooklyn, 1841, 
and was the minister of the Central Ref.-Prot. 
Dutch Church, until he relinquished bis pastoral 
service there iti 1847. 

Brodhead, John C, 44 years minister 
of the .M. E. Church, and M. C. from N.H., 
1829-33 ; d. Newmarket, N.H., Apr. 7, 1838, 
a. 67. 

Brodhead, John Rometn, son of Rer. 
Jacob. (Mjliiician and historian, b. Phila , Jan. 
2.1814. Rutg. Coll. 1831. Adm. to the bar in 
1835: practised 2 years in N.Y., then devoted 
himself to the study of American history. 
Attached to the U. S. legation at the Hague 
in 1839, he was app. by the legisl. of N. If. iti 



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agent to procure and transcribe original docu- 
menis concerning the history of the State. 
He spent 3 years in the archives of Holhmd, 
Ens;., and France, obtained more tliau 5,000 
se|>arate papers, 16 vols, from Holland. 4" 
from Knt;., 17 .from France, comprising the 
reports of home and colonial authorities, and 
returned to N.Y. with this rich freight in the 
eumiuer of 1S44. All these documents were 
" pub. by act of the legist. They make 1 1 quarto 
vols., and were edited by E. B. O'Callaghan. 
From 1S46 to IS49, he was sec. of legation to 
Mr. Bancroft at London, and from IS.'>3 to 1857 
was naval officer of N.Y. He is at work upon 
a history of the State, the first vol. of which 
was pub. in 1S53, the second in 1S71. In the 
spring of 1855, he was app. consulgen. to Japan, 
but did not accept. He delivered an address 
licfore the N.Y. Hist. Soc, 1844, and on the 
commercial history of N.Y., before the Mer- 
amtile Library Assoc, at the opening of Clin- 
ton Hi\Il, .luiie 8, 1 S54. — Uui/ckiiick. 

Broglie (bi-og'le'), Cl.idde Victor 
JI.vKiE UE, son of the Marshal de Broglie, b. 
Paris in 1757; guillotined. June 27, 1794. 2d 
col. of the regt. d'annis at the age of 23. He 
volunteered Ids services in the cause of Amer. 
Independence ; was transferred to the regt. 
Suiitlom/e under Custine, and served until the 
capture of Yorktown. On his return to France 
lie became col. of the regt. liowbonnais. Elected 
dep. to the States-gen., he espoused the popular 
cause, voting for the admissibility of all citizens 
to office. As sec. of the assembly in 1 790, he 
labored to organize the military force. Pres. 
of the National Assembly, Aug. 14, he, on the 
31 st, requested acorn, in the army, and was made 
marshal de camp in the Army of the Rhine. 
His conduct was praised until Aug. 10, 1792, 
when, not wishing to recognize the decree sus- 
pending the king from his rights, he resigned; 
was soon afterwards arrested, brought before 
the Revol. trij)unal, and was condemned to 
death. — Nouv. Bm^. Gen. 

Broke, Sir Philip Bowes Verb, an 
English adm., b. Sept. 9, 1776; d. Jan. 2, 
1341. He entered the navy in 1792, and be- 
came a post captain in 1801. He is chiefly 
known by his capture in " The Shannon " of 
the Amer. frigate " Chesapeake " in June, 
1813, — a victory that was exceedingly agree- 
able to his countrymen, who had begun to be 
seriously alarmed at. the repeated successes of 
the little Amer. navy. He was raised at once 
to the dignity of a baronet. In this action, he 
received so severe a wound as to incapacitate 
him from service ; and he retired on half-pay. 

Bromfleld, John, merchant, b. Newburv- 
port. April 11, 1779; d. Boston, Dec. 8, 1849. 
He was the last representative in Amer. of the 
male line of a family disting. for more than a 
century, among the citizeu.s of Boston, for in- 
tegrity and bcTievolence. Edward, his ances- 
tor, came to Boston in 1675. He acquired a 
fortune as European agent for Amer. mercan- 
tile houses, then by the Canton trade, and 
afterwards by investments of his capital in 
Boston, where he resided during the latter part 
of his life. In 1845, he gave to the Boston 
Athenaium S25,000, and at his death he left 
munificent bequests to several charitable iusii- 



tulions. — Sre Reminiscences of J. B., Salem, 
1852. 

Bronson, Greene C.iurier, LL.D., 
(Un. Coll. 1848), lawyer and politician, b. 
Oneida Co., N.Y , 1789'; d. Saratoga, Sept. 3, 
1863. He acquired high repute as a lawyer in 
Utica ; became surrogate of the Co. in April, 
1819; member of the assembly, 1822; atty.- 
gcn. 1829 to Jan. 1836; then a puisne judge 
of the Superior Court, chief-justice Supremo 
Court, 1845, and a judge of the Court of Ap- 
peals, 1847. Ho afterward practised law in 
N Y, City, lost most of his property by specu- 
lation, was collector of that port in 18.53—4, 
and Corp. counsel from Dec. 1859 to Jan. 1863. 
He stooil high as a lawyer, and was a leader 
of the " Hard Shell " Dcmoc. 

Bronson, Isaac H., jurist, b. Rutland, 
N.Y., 16 Oct. 1802; d. Pilatka, Fla , 13 Aug. 
1855. Adm. to the bar in 1822, and became 
disting.; sent to Congress in 1837, but re- 
signed on account of ill health; U. S. Terr, 
judge of Fla., 1838-45, and, from that time to 
his d., U.S. Dist. judge for the State. 

Brooke, Francis J., jurist, b. Smithfield, 
Va., Aug. 27, 1763; d. March 3, 1851. In 
1780, he was app. a lient. in Harrison's regt., 
his twin bro. John obtaining a like commis- 
sion in the same regt., and served under La- 
fayette and (;recne. On returning to Va., he 
studied medicine one year with his elder bro. 
Lawrence, then studied law, and in 1788 was 
adm. to the bar. He practised in the Coun- 
ties of Jlouongahela and Harrison ; was app. 
Commonwealth's atty. in the Dist. Court, and 
afterward practised in Essex Co., and in the 
Northern Neck. In 1794-5, he represented 
Essex Co. in the H. of Delegates. In 1796, 
removed to Federicksburg ; in 1800, was elect- 
ed to the senate, and in 1804, while its .speak- 
er, was elected a judge of the General Court. 
In 1811, he was elected judge of the Court of 
Appeals, of which he was pres. 8 years. In 
1831, he was re-elected a judge of the same court, 
of which he was a member at the period of 
his death. Francis J., son of the preceding, 
joined the armv in 1822, was made adj. Apr. 
18.33; Istlieut.'May, 1835 ; fell, Dec. 25, 1837, 
in the battle of Okeechobee, Fla. 

Brooke, George Mercer, brev. maj.- 
gen. U.S.A., bro. of F. J., b. Va. ; d. San An- 
tonio, Texas, Mar. 9, 1851. He entered the 
army. May 3, 1808, as 1st lieut. 5th Inf. ; was 
made capt. May 1, 1810; maj. 2.3d Inf. in 
1814; licut.-col. 4th Inf., Mar. 1, 1819, and in 
July, 1831, col. 5th Inf. His firstbrev., that of 
licut.-col., Aug. 15, 1814, was for " gallant con- 
duct in the defence of Fort Erie ; " his second, 
that of col. Sept. 17, 1814, wa.f for " disting. 
services in the sortie from Fort Erie." He was 
made a brev. brig.-gen. Sept. 17, 1824, and 
was brev. maj. -gen. May 30, 1848. 

Brooks, Charles, Unitarian clergyman 
and author, b. McdI'ord, Ms., 30 Oct. 1795. 
H.U. 1816. Descended from Thos. of Water- 
town, 1631. He officiated for a short time as 
a reader in the I'r.-Ep. Church ; was pastor of 
the 3d Cong. Church, Hingham, 17 Jan. 
1821-1839; chosen prof, of nat. hist, in the 
U. of N.Y. in 1838; sailed in Nov. 1839 for 
Europe, where he passed 4 years in the stud; 



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of the iinimiil kiiij;iJoin, and on liis return ]nib. 
n liirjjc vi)l. on oriiitliolot;y. Failure of eye- 
sight eoinpelleii him shortly after to resign his 
professorsliip. He strongly advocated the Priis- 
snin system of education, and the estalilish- 
raent of normal gehools, and has labored in 
behalf of penec, temiicranec, and African 
colonization. Besides contrihs. to periodicals, 
pamphlets, sermons, &.C., he has pub. " History 
of Medford," 1855, '• Family Pmyer-Book," 
" Daily Monilor," 10 vols, of biography, a 
paper on the sanitary survey of the State, and 
a report on the torna<lo in Middlesex Co. in 
Awj:. 1S51. 

Brooks, Charles Timothy, Uniiarian 
clergyman ami author, b. Salem, .\Is., June 20, 
1813." ll.U. I8.')2. He commenced preaching 
nt N'ahant in the summer of 18.35, and settled, 
June 4, 1837, in Newport, R.I. In 1851, he 
pub. at Newport a pamphlet, " The Contro- 
versy touching the Old Stone Mill." In 1853, 
lie made a voyage to Imlia for his health. Be- 
sides his translations from the minor German 
poets, he is the author of numerous occasional 
verses, a series of Festival, New Year, and An- 
niversary Addresses. He is an accomplished 
German scholar, and has pub. a translation 
of Schiller's " William Tell," 1838 ; a vol. of 
miscellaneous poems from the German in the 
series of " Specimens of Foreign Standard 
Literature ; " a translatiim of Schiller's " Hom- 
age to the Arts," 1847, &e. ; " German Lyrics," 
185.3, " Songs of the Field and Flood," and an 
admirable translation of Goethe's " Faust," 
1857. In 1863, he pub. a Iransl. from the Ger- 
man, of " The Life, Opinions, Actions, and 
Fate of Hieronimus Jobs ; " " Titan," by Jean 
Paul Kichter, in 1865, " Hesperus," a compan- 
ion romance ; " Aquidncc," and other poems, 
\U^. — /Mi/rl:ii,rlc. 

Brooks, Col. David, a Revol. soldier, b. 
1756; d. at his house in Duchess Co., N.Y., 
Aug. 30, 1838. Lieuf. in the Pa. line in 1776; 
captured at Fort Washington, Nov. 16, 1776 ; 
exchanged 1778, and promoted to assist, 
clothier-gen., in which responsible post he 
secured the friendship of Washington. After 
the war, he settled in Duchess Co., N.Y. ; was 6 
years a member of the assembly ; representative 
in Congress from May to July, 1797 ; a com- 
niissioner for making the first treaty with the 
Seneca Inilians, and subsequently, for 16 years, 
first judge of Duchess Co. He was an officer 
of the customs at the time of his death. 

Brooks, Eleazkr, Revol. soldier, b. Con- 
cord, .Ms., 1727 ; d. Lincoln, Ms., 9 Nov. 1806. 
Without any schooling, he acquired by read- 
ing and observation a fund of information, and 
even a knowledge of civil and political law. 
He rose from acapt. of militia, in 1773, to the 
rank of brig.-gen. ; disting. himself greatly at 
White Plains, where he com. a regt. ; chosen to 
the Gen. Court in 1774; he was afterwards a 
ntember of the senate and of the council, with- 
drawing trom public life in 1801. 

Brooks, Ekastcs, journalist, b. Portland, 
Me., Jan. in. 1815. At 8 years of age, he was 
sent to Boston ; was employed in a grocerv- 
siore, and attended an evening school. llo 
subsequently became a printer, and pub. the 
Yanhe, at Wiseasset, ile. lie studied et 



Brown U., then taught a grammar school at 
Haverhill, Ms., and edited the Ila,;rl,llt Ga- 
zette. In 1836, he became the Wa-hington 
corresp. of the .V. l". Ai/Vy Adt-eiHser, ami sev- 
eral N.England papers. Acquiring an interest 
in the .V. 1'. Erpresn, just establishe<l bv his 
brother James, in 1836, he continued from" that 
time one of its editors and jiroprietors. He 
travelled extensively in Europe in 1843, was in 
the N.Y. Senate in 1853 and in 1855, and 
in the summer of 1856 was the candiilate for 
the Ainer. party for gov. of the State, and 
afterward joined the Democ. jiarty. While a 
member of the senate, he had a controversy 
with Archbishop Hughes of N.Y., in relation 
to the title to ehurch-propcrtv in real estate. 

Brooks, HuRACiv, brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., 
b. Boston. West Point, 1835. Son of .Maria 
Brooks, poetess Entering the 2d Art., he was 
brev. 1st lieut. for gallantry in the war against 
Florida Indians, Dec. 31," 1835; assist, prof, 
mathematics at West Point, Nov. 18-36 to Aug. 
1839; capt. 18 June, 1846; brev. major for 
Contrcras and Chnruliusco, Aug. 20, 1847; 
brev. lieut.-col. for Jlolino del Rey, Sept. 8, 
1847 ; com. 2d artillery, and disting. at Cha- 
pultepec and San Cosine Gale ; maj. 2d Art. 
Apr. 28, 1861 ; lieut. -<-ol. Oct. 26, 18G1 ; col. 
4tii Art., Aug. 1, 1863; brev. brig.-gen. 13 
Mar. 1865, for merit, services during the Re- 
bellion, in which he served in defence of Wash- 
ington, Fort Pickens, Fla., Apr -Oct. 1861, and 
Ft. .Jefferson, Fla., 1861-2. — tW/wm. 

Brooks, James, journalist, b. Portland, 
Me., Nov. 10, 1810. Waten-ille Coll. 1831. 
Losing his father in 1814, he had to struggle 
with poverty. At 16, he taught school, was 
afterwards at the head of the Latin school in 
Portland, then travelled through the Souihcin 
States, and among the Creek and Cherokee 
Indians, and corresp. with various journals. 
He afterwards became the corresp. at Washing- 
ton of several papers, and originated the svs- 
tem of regular Washington corrcspondenc'es. 
A member of the Me. legisl. in 1835, he intro- 
duced the first proposition for a railroad from 
Portland to Montreal and Quebec. The same 
year he visited Europe, travelling on foot over 
a great part of the Continent and the British 
Isles, and wrote a series of interesting letters 
to the Porlltmd Advertiser. In 1836, he estab- 
lished the N.Y. Express, which has attained a 
large circulation. He was a member of the 
Assembly in 1847, and of Congress from 1.849 
to 1853 and from 1865 to 1871, taking an active 
part, particularly in matters relating to trade 
and coinmcrie. He took part in favor of the 
"compromise measures" in 18.50, became a 
prominent advocate of and identified with the 
fortunes of the .American party, and, since the 
Rebellion, a jirominent Democrat. Delegate to 
the State Const. Conv. of 1867. 

Brooks, James Gordos, jioct, b. Claver- 
ack, N.Y., Sept. 3, 1801 ; d. Albanv, Feb. 20, 
1841. Un. Coll. 1819. Son of David Brooks, 
a Revol. officer. He studied law, and removed 
in 1823 to New York, where he edited the .l/<- 
nerrn. a literary journiil, ami afterward the Lite- 
ran/ Gazette, the Alhemeiim, the ^forninr] Courifr, 
and contrib. to the Commercinl Adirrtiser under 
the signature of " Florio." In 1823, he m. Mary 



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Elizabeth Aikon of Poiighkeepsie, who had 
written nnilo' the signature of " Norma," and 
in 18i9 piih. " The Rivals of Este, and other 
I'ocins," bv James G. and Mary E. Brooks, 
They ri'iooved to Winchester, Va., in 1830, 
and "in IS^-'S to Albany. 

Srooks, John, M.D, LL.D., soldier and 
statesman, l>. .\Iedford, JIs., May 31, 1752; d. 
March 1, 1825. Brought np on the farm of 
his father, Capt. Caleb Brooks, he received n 
common school education, and at thcaf;eof 14 
was indented as an apprentice to Dr. Simon 
Tnfts for 7 years. The celebrated Count Rum- 
ford was a fellow-student; ami their intimacy 
was continued by corresp. until the death of 
the count. He commenced the practice of 
physic nt Readinir, where ho com. a company 
of minute-men. with whom, April 19, 1775, he 
did good service at the battle of Lexington. 
App. maj. in Bridjrcs's regt , and active in in- 
trenching Breed's Hill on the nightof June 16, 
but was not in the battle of the 17th. On the 
re-organization of the army in Feb. 1 776, he 
was made major of Col. Charles Webb's (19th) 
regt., which assisted in fortifying Dorchester 
Heights, and accompanied it to Lonij Island. 
Being a good tactician and disciplinarian, his 
command was disting. throughout the war for 
gallant conduct in battle, and rc^rularity in re- 
treat. In the battle of White Plains, his regt. 
was the last to quit the field, which it ilid with 
the steadiness of veterans, and received the dis- 
ting. acknowledgments of Washington. Early 
in 1777, ho was promoted to lieut.-col. of the 
8th Ms. rezt , principally recruited by himself. 
On the death of Col. "Aldcn, in Nov. 1778, 
Brooks was made col. of his regt. (7th Ms.). 
In Aug. 1777. he accompanied Arnold's com. 
against St. Leger, who, with a body of Cana- 
dians, Indians, and Tories, besieged FortStan- 
wix. To Brooks belongs the credit of the suc- 
cessful strafaaem of sending one Cuyler to 
spread exaggerated reports of Arnold's forces to 
alarm and put them to flight. At the battle 
of Saratoga, Oct. 7. 1777, he led on his regt. 
with fearless intrepidity, turning the right of 
the enemy ; stormed their iutrenchments, enter- 
ing them, sword in hand, at the head of his 
men, and put to rout the veteran German 
troops that defended them. After the app. of 
Steuben ns insp.-gen. early in 1778, Brooks was 
associated with him in the arduous duty of 
introduciu'.' a uniform system of exercise and 
manoeuvres. In the battle of Monmouth, he 
was acting adj. -L'cn. After the war, he resumed 
the practice of medicine in Medford. He 
was for many years m:\j.-gcn. of the militia of 
his county, and, as a member of the Icgisl., ac- 
tively supported the measures for suppressing 
Shays' Rebellion. He was a delegate to the 
State convention for the adoption of the Fed- 
eral Constitution, which he zealously advocat- 
ed. App. by Wa.shin'_'ton marshal of his 
district, and inspector of the revenue in Dee. 
1795; successively a State senator and coun- 
cillor ; during the War of 1812-15, adj.-gen. of 
the State; and its gov. from 1816 to 182.3, 
when he retired to private life. He received 
from 11. U. in 1816 the degrees of ,M.D. and 
I-L.D. He was prcs. of the Ms. Mid. Society 
from 1317 to his death; of the Ciuciunaci Irom 



1787, and of the Ms. Bible Society. He had 
two sons. Col. Alexakder Sca.mmeli., an offi- 
cer of the U.S. army, and Lieut. John of the 
navy, who was killed in the battle on Lake 
Erie, Sept. 10, 1813. 

Brooks, Mauia (Gowkn), poetess, named 
by Southey " JIaria del ( )ccid('iitc," b. JlcdHn-d, 
Ms., ab. 1795; d. Matanzas, Nov. 11, 1815. 
Her father, whom she lost while youhg, was 
an educated man, and had possessed coii ider- 
ahle property, but lost it just before his death. 
Mr. 13rooks, a Boston merchant, provided for 
her education, and on its completion m. her. 
At this period, she first evinced poetic talent, 
but pub. nothing until 1820 ; when "Judith, 
Esther, and other Poems," appeared. On the 
death of her husband in 1823, she removed to 
Cuba, where she finished her princijial work, 
"Zophiel, or the Bride of Seven," the first 
canto of which was pub. at Boston in 1825. 
In 1830, she visited Paris and London, where 
her work was pub. in 18.33. In a passage in 
" The Doctor," Mr. Southey terms Mrs. Brooks 
" the most impassioned and most imaginative 
of all poetesses." In 1843, she pub. privately 
" Llomen, or the vale of Yumuri." Her " Ode 
to the Departed " was written in 1843. Her 
son, Horace Brooks, is a col. in the drmy. 

Brooks, Nathan Covington, LL.D, 
(Em. Coll., Ga., 1859). Poet and teacher, b. 
Cecil Co., Md., Aug. 12, 1S19. St John's Coll. 
He became a teacher at the age of 18; was 
elected principal of the Baltimore High School 
in 1839. and in 1848 organized the Bait. 
Female Coll., of which he is pres. Mr. Brooks 
ranks high as a writer of occasional poetry : 
among the best of his pieces are " Shelley's 
Obsequies," and "The Fall of Superstition." 
He has also produced one of the best histories 
of the Mexican war that has yet appeared. 
Author of a series of Latin and Greek text- 
books, of which the Virgil has received high 
praise. He has contrib. to different European 
periodicals, and won the. prize offered by the 
Soiil/iern Churchman for the best jjoem, over 
such competitors as Mrs. Sigourney, George 
W. Bcthune. and N. P. Willis. 

Brooks, Peter Chardon, merchant, b. 
N. Yarmouth, Me., 6 Jan. I7G7 ; d. Boston, 1 
Jan. 1849. Rev. Edward, his father, returned 
to Medford, where hod. 1781. The son worked 
on a farm, received a common school education ; 
and. establishing himself in Boston, his talent 
and integrity soon insured success. Engaging 
in the business of marine insurance, he acquired 
great wealth and was some years pres. of the 
N. E. Ins. Co. ^^elnber of both branches of 
the State legisl., of the exec, council, and of 
the first city couni'il of Boston, and a delegate 
to the Const. Conv. in 1820. He m. the dau. 
of Judge Nathl. Gorham, and had, for .sons-in- 
law, Edward Everett, Rev. N. L. Frothingliam, 
and Charles Francis Adams. 

Brooks, Rev. Phillips, an eloquent 
Prot.-Epis. clergyman, b. Boston, 13 Dec. 1835. 
H. U. 1855. Studied at the Theol. Sem. at 
Alexandria, Va. ; was ord. 1859, and became 
pastor of the Church of the Advent, Pliila. ; 
in 1862. of the Holv Trinity; and, in 1870, of 
Trinity Church. Boston. 

Brooks, Preston S., lawyer and M. C. 



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in l»53-:, b. EilKcficM District, S.C, Aug. 4, 
1819; li. Washington, D.C., Jan. 27, IS57. 
S.C. Coll. 1839. Adm. to tlio bur in 1843, 
and was a State representative in 1844. lie 
was a capl. in the Palmetto Hi';;t. during 
most of the Mcx. war. May 22. 1856, he 
made a most violent personal assault upon 
Charles Sumner in the U. S. senate-chamber, 
which event caused irrcat excitement tliroujih- 
out the country. The attack was caused hy 
words uttered in debate by Senator Sumner 
against Senator Butler, who was Mr. Drookt's 
relative. A committee of the house reponed, 
June 2, in favor of his expulsion : this was 
lost, 121 to 95, not two-thirds. After this 
oceurrcnce, he resij^ned his seat in the house, 
and was re-elected by his constituents. — [mix- 
man. 

Brooks, Wii.LUM T. II., bii^.-gen. vols., 
h. (>., ah. 1S15; d. lluntsville. Ala.. 19 July, 
1870. West I'oint, 1841. Entering; the 3d 
Inf., he became 1st lieut. in Sept. 1846 ; br.jv. 
capt. for gallantry at Monterey ; assist, adj • 
gen. to Gen. Twijigs in the Valley of Mexico ; 
bicv. maj. for Contrcrasand Churubusco ; capt. 
Nov. 10, 1851 ; disting. in battle with Indians 
in New Mex., Oct. 10, 1858; maj. 18th Inf., 
Mar. 1-2, 1862, and brig.-gcn. U.S. vols., Sept. 
28, 1861. lie served in the Army of the 
Potomac, in the corps of Gen. FraTiklin ; took 
part in the battles before Uichmond ; and at 
Antietara led his brigade in the divi.-ion of Gen. 
W. F. Smith, and was wounded ; com. a divis- 
ion in Sedgwick's corps at Chanccllorsvillc, 
and in July, 1864, was temporarily in com. of 
the 10th army corps, in operations before 
Richmond; in actions of Swift's Creek, May 
9-!0. 1864; Drury's BlufT, May 16-29; Cold 
Harbor. June 2-12 ; siege of Petersburg, and 
resi'.'iRMl 14 July, 1864, — CuUitm. 

Broom, J.vcon, statesman, ilelegato to the 
convciiiion which framed the Federal Consti- 
tution ; (1. Phila., Apr. 1810, a. .SS. He tilled 
nianv offices of honor and trust in Del. J.vmes 
M., Princeton Coll. 1794 ; M. C. 1805-7, from 
Del. ; d. 1850. 

Broome, John, merchant, mcmlwr of the 
N.Y. Const. Conv. of 1777 ; lieut.-gov. of N.Y., 
1804; d. Aug. 8, 1810, a. 72. He was many 
years .it the head of various commercial, 
charitable, and religious institutions. 

Brougb, John, gov. of Ohio, 1864-5, b. 
Maiietlii, ()., Sept. 17, 1811; d. Cleveland, 
Aug. 29, 1S65. He began life as a jirintcr, 
and entered the O. Universilv. In 1831, be pub. 
at Marietta the Washiniflon Cotm'fi Uipuhlifun, a 
Dcmoc. paper. In 18'J3, with hi< bro. Charles 
H., he bought the Luiicasltr I'.u'jie, which took 
high rank as a Deinoc. journal. Clerk of the 0. 
senate in 1835-8 ; then a member of the IcgisI ; 
auditor, 1839-45. In 1846, he opened a law- 
office in Cincinnati, and with his bro. managed 
the liujuirpr, and took high rank as a political 
orator. Retiring from active political life in 
1848, he became prcs. of the Madison and 
Indianapolis Railway, and, in 1853, of the 
Bellcfontaine and Indianapolis Road. Hav- 
ing, in 1863, made a speech declaring slavery 
destroyed by the act of rebellion, and earnest- 
ly appealing to all patriot*, of wliotever pre- 
vious predilections, to unite in support of the 



govt., he was nominated for gov. and elected 
by the heaviest majority ever given in the 
State. 

BrOUgbam, Jonx, an Irish actor and 
playwright, b. Dublin. May 9, 1814. He was 
intendcil for the medical profession ; but, dis- 
appointed in the hope of a govt, clerkship in 
London, he gave lessons in drawing for a time, 
and in July, 1830, became an actor in the 
Olympic Theatre. lie a|ii>eared with irreat 
success at the Hayraarkct in June, 1832, as 
Looney McTwolter in " The Review ; " became 
a favorite in light comedy, and Irishmen, occa- 
sionally writing farces and minor dramas. In 
1842, he came to Ainer., a])pcared at the Park 
in " The Irish Lion," and has since performed 
in almost even- principal theatre in the Union. 
He built the Lvccum (Wallack's) in N.Y. in 
1850, biiticlimiuished it in 1852. llemanagcd 
the Bowery in 1856-7, and visited Eng. in 
1860-5. llo is a very popular actor; author 
of various comedies, dramas, aiul extravagan- 
zas ; and has also successfully adapted pieces 
from the novels of Dickens and Bulwcr. He 
has pub. " A Basket of Chips," 2 vols., and 
" The Bunsby Papers." 

Broughtbn, Cwx. WiLLt,\M Rodert, 

an English circumnavigator, b. Glouiestcrshire, 
1762; d. Mar. 12, 1821. He went to sea in 
Dee. 1774, and, in the sloop " Falcon," arrived 
at Boston 3 days before the Lexington battle, 
and participated in the attack on Bunker's Hill. 
He was soon after made prisoner in an attempt 
to bring off a schooner which had been driven 
ashore at Cape Ann ; was exchanged, Dec. 
1776, and scr\-ed on the station until 1778. lie 
was actively engaged imder Sir Ed. Hughes 
in the E. Indies; in 1790, accompanied Van- 
couver in his voyage of discovery ; app. com- 
luander, ()ct. 1793 ; made a second voyage in 
1796 of 4 years' duration, and assisted in the 
capture of Java in 1811. Vancouver gave the 
name of Broughton's Archipelago to some 
islands in the Pacific in about 50 degrees N. 
latitude. He pub. " Voyage of Discovery 
to the N. Pacific Ocean,"" 1894. — See Ann. 
Oliiiuw,!/, IS.;!. 

Broughton, Col. Thom.vs, gov. of S.C. 
from 1735 to hisd., 1738; was a councillor and 
collector of the customs in 1 708 ; afterward 
lieut.-gov. ; succeeded Gov. R. Johnson, May 3, 
1735. — OldmiTon's Cni-olina. 

Brown, Aabos Vail, postranster-gcn. of 
the U. S., b. Brunswick Co., Va.. Aug. I.'!, 
1795; d. Washin-ton, D. C. Mar. 8, 18.59. 
Chapel Hill U. 1814. In 1815, he removed 
to Tenn., where he was for many vcars a 
law-partner with James K. Polk." Jlcmbcr 
of the Tcim. Icgisl. 1821-32; M. C. from 
1839 to 1845; gov. of Tenn. in 1845, and 
was made in 1857, by Pres. Buchanan, post- 
master-gen. A delegate to the Southern con- 
vention at Nashville, in 1850, and wrote 
the report known as the " Tennessee Plat- 
form." He was also a member of the conven- 
tion of the Democ. party at Baltimore, in 1852, 
to which he reported the phitlbrm adopted hy 
them. Among the measures of his administra- 
tion was the establishment of a new and short- 
er communication to California by Tehuante 
pec, and another across the continent by the 



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129 



^^^tll^i: ^'-"-'--e pub. at 
He .u ,.7,t ,1 ,hr,^""' ™''"'" »'"^» only 9. 

''•'-.. 1854 to 1858; vJcl "ted f-nr' '''"'''''' 

>1> • Su,„|,. A v„l oT I,? ^"""""ao- of 

ill IS59 "■' ^J^'^che,. was pub. 

^:'.:/S: FiiH'-'- 
served iin.lei- Gates n,„i r- '".,''"' a>"I 
"f m.j. After il en. -^^ i^'"'''";',";"'' '''c rank 

to the /^aS/, L^'i^t;!"'- '". ' -S-^. changed 

-•uceiveM while fru^^;;:'::^"^'^'^ ''^"^"^'^^ 
.■?'.H;™£<;5",v^lE,r•,,""';.''rl■ 

,.,.,•• 11 '"'^■'' »'"-'n'l n- an aead .Im 

n-:;:;r'vl:;::;iri^er" ""^^'^"' ""'^ '«^^ 

i" .^N.ra stnd,. of Heb^eVluld'&eer'";;";": 

nloe /••*';, 1'"= »'''«oquently preaehed 
n.l oceasionally lectured oti liJ-n, J ' '• ' 
;™Kra„ee and the abolitio:! o ^^''T: 

ml ',.1 '^'"""''"'« one of the speakers 
•on ira","'",?"""''"' •"^'■°'^'' «f " a. 'e 
tie I over ap"" T"'7 "f" '85*. »l'e was 

.iXlns- interr-;.; r til '"■"'"' '""' ''-^'- 

an n;f upon woman In is-,!; i "^\'-o '" 
V.jour'na,a„u;Vo"frehtXtirfe! 



BRO 



^StS;r/::^,J^,;j'.a;.owsofonr 

•".fi°Tti.^?"'t8.^"r"'"'!'''-^"'-"«- 

Y r; ISJ-, •■',-*'• Transyv. U !8r7- 

■ ofKv''set.Kr;;::^'"""^''{"''"o™^ 

' -:■•!'- of tS^fer;;;^^,';--. Mo.; 

;^i;:.^;:i;;'^4:o^^:£fi?^^7r::^ 

of the State He "1 ; "'"'" '"' """"''"'' 
themovenentswhi I '■,"°,":''' '" "''i.'ai'izi".' 
of freedom" t " T"^ '" {'' V^-anee 
'86.3-7;gov. Mo 1871 ^■•^- ''""'"' 

er^'g^?' .J^-ViV'-CT,^^'™' -™P- 

^'^sitiii^i;„,/^^'i-'He;;a:!„t:;?^ 
e^;&::^^Se;::o?^;:t^'^?'-'^^ 

wrote the caliu arsin '• 'P. '^°"'P»»'"on. He 
nao •• lor 59 yeal^ ^ '"= ^'"■""^' =< ^^>™a- 

R.SSr^r;:^;,;tr^-^™^'^^-. 

d. 1665. He fle, , H,,. f ^- '-""'™' "' ^-I.; 
Ms., in 1636 • beea n i ^ ",'" P"^'^':"""" m 

ch..,.h^„dJ:[Tr;,— ^;[^;;;;^eBap.st 

oJ^Providene^e voted a^mon'L'e^f tot r;^ 

«a? o'Q-^lcer l,^■'ea^o:li/:„';eM;s'h"• '''' 
emigrated with AVni. tVnn rn?„ °n^"""» 
was derived from his u,"el the ' "kl ' r""= 
vevaneer" and ",-ro,, • .''Ki'lul con- 

Franklin writes in° h s f '■"'^■"' "<■ "''"■n 
«t.aeh„,enr ; fooks wl ile "'ITI'"'^''^- "'^ 
able, and af.er reedW a ,ib ^rr/"'"?'''^- 
undrrl'roud the Irstor m, S, k V '-''"™"on, 
of 16 alren.Iv ■ , , ' ™ had, at the a.-e 
rarv works V"'"'"' '''""' "'' '^-^t'^nsive li.l,! 
Wi cox an em nenTi;''''"™',"'''' to Alexander 

i">^^™;:.Mh-r;:'rr."fi:,;^l':;^- 

i)ower u ■inil ..!•:,;„ 1 " ""^'-', >> leland, a 

:o.fldror:T5;:r;ir^Se^'^f'v;i'^ 
';-»S';^Zh:?^''?«---i^! 

I'- '•a^ages of ihe yellowfever which ,1,?^' 
thor had witnessed in N V and Pi ■ '" 

painted with terrifle tru h I a '"'"' "'" 
Puh. the first nnniber of he Io,^,Z,V"'' ''^ 



BRO 



130 



BRO 



In ISOI havins retnmed to Phila., he besan 
the Lil'Tiiru Ma-Kiziif and Amrricin h'^'ft^r, 
in which he persevered 5 years. In ISOb. he 
commenced a semi-annual Jmencnn «""•^^^ 
5 vols, of which he liveil to complete. In S09, 
di^overin- that his lunjjs were serioasly af- 
fected he consented to travel for the recovery 
of his health. The remedy, however, was ap- 
plied too late. In Nov.. after an excursion 
into X.J. and N.Y., he betook himself to his 
chamb^T, as he thought, for a few davs ; but 
his confinement terminated only with his lite. 
Mr Brown was a man of romantic temper, 
benevolent heart, pre^'nant invention exten- 
sive attainments, and great industry. His nov- 
els ahoun.i both with excellences and faults, 
and boar a chnraoter of originality. He is 
«»id to have been the first in Amer., who ven- 
tured to pursue literature as a profession. He 
also pub •• An Address to the Govt, of the 
U S. on the Cession of Louisana to tbe 
French, and the Late Breach of Treaty bv 
the Spaniards" (180.3). " The British Treaty 
and '■ An Address to the Congress of the L.^. 
on the Utility and Justice of Restrictions on 
Foreign Commerce." &c., 1S09. 

Browne, Charles F. (Artemcs W.ird , 
humorist, b. Waterfonl. Me., ah. lS.3-t ; d. 
Southampton, Eng., Mar. 6, 1867. He iK-gan 
the printer's trade, as a compositor on the 
Skowho-an Chrim. and afterward workeil on 
the Car,Ht lian. » comic wecklv in Boston, 
which contain«l his first literary cflForts. Con- 
necting himself with the Cleveland P/aimffu/er, 
he began his series of "Artcmus « ard s bav- 
in"« "which gained for him the reputation of 
betn" a clever and original humorous writer. 
WhiTe editing Vanity Fair, in >Vi-. he coin- 
menced his humorvus lectures, " The Bai>es in 
the Wood," " Sixty Minntes in Atrica, 4cc. 
These were also ver'v successful. Alter a visit 
to Cal. and Utah in 186-2. he gave comic lec- 
tures on Mormonism. with panoramic accomp., 
which were the best of their kind ever attempt- 
ed, and constantlv drew crowded houses. In 
1866, he visited Eng., and was excee.1ing y 
popular, but broke down completely in health, 
and was about to return home when overtaken 
bv death. Uis papers were coll. and pub. en- 
titled • Artemus Ward, his Book, "Artc- 
mus Warvl. his Travels," " Artemus ^\ ard 
in London." „ „ . . r vr-i 

Brown, Clark. Pr.-Kp. minister of Wil- 
liam and Marv Parish. Md. ; d. there J.in 12, 
1«17 He hiul been a Cong, minister in .Ma- 
chias. Me., in 179^-7, and at Brimfield m 
179S-1SO.'?. \ vol. of his sermons was pub. 
after his death. i. „ . i 

Brown, Oavid, a converted Cherokee , i1. 
Ctx-ck Path. Mpi.. Sept- U. 1829. He w:ii ed- 
ucated, with his sister Catharine, at the school 
of Rev. Cvrus Kingshurv in the Cherokee ter- 
ritorv. anvl at Cornwall, Ct.. and engaged with 
her in educating and Chrisrianuing their n.v 
tive tribe. He was a preacher and interpreter, 
and also acted as sec. of the Indian Govt. His 
letters and reports show cultivation and inie - 
ligcnce. Catharise. who wius first among all 
her tribe in wealth, rank, and jwrson.^l beauty, 
kLrizod in Jan. 1818 : d. July IS. >S23, a..23. 
Brown, David PaCl, lawyer, b. PhUa., 



1795 gained distinction as a pleader in mmi- 
nal cases. Author of " The Forum ; or, Forty 
Years' Full Practice at the Phila. Bar, 2 vols., 
1856. . . , 

Brown, Ethan ALLES.jnnst and states- 
man, b. Darien. Ct.. Julv 4. 1776; d Indian- 
apolis, Feb. 24. 18.52. Roger, his father, d. 
HI 6 a 82. He was educated by an l^^b 
scholar, and acquired a critical knowledge of 
lan'Tiages. He reaii law in the office of Alex. 
Hamilton: was adm to the bar in 1802 ; emi- 
grated to the West, with his cousin. (. apt. John 
Brown, and in 1804 settled at Cincinnati, ac- 
quiring an extensive practice^ "f- ^ m ''I'Vi^ 
of the Supreme Court of O. firom Icb. 10, 1810, 
to 1818 ; gov. 1818-22: C. S. senator, 1822-5; 
canal commissioner. 1825-.30; U. »• ra'""!';^ 
to Brazil, from May 26. 1830. to Apr. 11 , 18-34 , 
commissioirer of the gen. land office, froin Julv 
"4 1835 to Oct. 31. 1836; and member of 
We Ind. legisl. in 1842. having re™"''^ » 
Rising Sun! Ind , Nov. 1 , 1836. — J. T. Good- 

""srown, George L , landscape-painter, b. 
Boston 1814. His tastes led him to study 
wood^ngraving ; but his desire to he a painter 
occasione<l a visit to Antwerp : and, dunng a 
residence at Florence { 1 840-6 ). he i«iinted many 
excellent pictures, among others a moonlight 
view of Venice, of rare merit. His special 
merit is a susceptibilitv to the language of at- 
mosphere and skies. In I860. after a 12-y«.r5 
re«. at Rome, he retnrmHl to the t . S., and re- 
sides in Boston. His " Cn>wn of New Eng- 
land." the highest of the White Mountains, was 
purehased bv the Prince of Wales. He has 
executed several American landscapes, views ot 
Kia-ara the White Mountains, and the >. E. 
and'"Southem coasts. Among his host pictures 
are " The Bav of Sew York. " Monte Pel- 
le<-rino." " Capri, and Italian Sca-«MSt. 
" Rome," ■' Lake of Lucerne." " N lew of Na- 



ples " "Florence bv Sunset." '" The Cainpagna 
of Rome." and " Lake of Como.' — 7 ttcl'T- 

Brown, Goold. grammarian, b. Provi- 
dence. R.I.. Mar. 7, 1791 ; d. Lynn. Ms.. Mar. 
31 18"i7. Of Quaker parentage. He was eau- 
cated in the sihools and academies of his na- 
tive State, and at 19 began hU vocation of 
teacher. He first tani:hi a district school in 
R I • then a Frien.ls' boarding-school in 
Duchess Co., N'.Y., in 18II : removed to New 
York in 1813, where, for over 20 years, he in- 
ducted an acad. He pub. " Insiiiutes of Eng- 
lish Grammar." 1823: "First Lines of EnS |'h 
Grammar," 18-23 ; and ' A Grammar of English 
Grammars," 1851. He had. at the timeof his 
death, just concluded the revision of the latter 
work. — O'lyfi-i-'ci.-. ,T c 1 

Brown, Habvet. hrev. maj.-gen. L. s. .^.. 
b. Roxburv. N-.J.. 1795. West Pomt 1M8. 
Enterin- the art., he became 1st lieut. 4th Art., 
•'3 \u^>T 1821 : capt. 10 Apr. 1835: roaj. 2d 
\rt. 9 Jan. 1851 : lieut.-eol. 4th 28 Apr. 1861 : 
col. 5ih. Mav 14, 1861 ; brig.-gen.rols, 28 Sept. 
I'Sei • d.-cliiicd ; retire-.! 1 Aug. 1863. He won 
the brevets of maj., 21 Nov. 18.36, for "g*!- 
1 mtrv " and " general efficiency m the Flori- 
da war: lieut.-.«l. for Contreras. 20 Aug.. and 
col. for the Gate of Belen, City of Mexico. 



131 



BRO 



IS Sept IS47; bein? also engaged at Mon- 
tirrev. Vera Croi, and Ceiro Gordo : was en- 
pij^ed in repulse of rebel attack on i^anta Rosa 
Island, Fla.. 9 Oct- 1S61 ; and brer bri^.-gen. 
U.S.A., 23 Xov. 1S61, lor sallantry in theen- 
cagement between Fort Pickens and the rebel 
baiieries, Nov. 22-2-3 ; and 2 Aug. t?66. hrer. 
maj.-sea. C S- A. fur senices in suppressing 
riots of Jolv 12-16, 1563, in N. T. Citv — 

CV/.M. 

Brown, Hesbt Kisse, scalptor, b. Ley- 
den. Ms., ISU. At IS. he went to Boston to 
stadr portrait-paintinir. but tamed his atten- 
cioQ to sculpture : and. to obtain means to risic 
Iialv. he became a nilroad-engineer in III. In 
1:^42. he succeeded ia ^ttinj to Itair, where 
he passed 4 years in sindy Ketumin^, he fixed 
his residence in Brooklyn. X.T., applied him- 
self to the casting of bronze, and is said to hare 
produced the lirst bronie statue ever cast in this 
coantry. He has prodnced in marble, "' Hope." 
■■ The Angel of Retribution," '• The Indian 
and Panther," " The Pleiades." " The Four 
Seasons; "* and in bronze, a starae of De Witt 
Cliawn. the cok>ssal statue of Washington in 
Union Square. Xew York. 

BrOWTl, Jacob, maj.-gen. U. S. A., b. 

Bucks Co., Pa., Mav 9. 1:75 ; d. Washinston, 

Feb. 24, 182S. Of Q'aaker ancestry. He taught 

school at Crusswicks, X J., from the age of IS 

to 21. and passed the next two years in snrrey- 

ing public lands in Ohio. In 1793, he opened 

a so!iX)l in N. T. City, studiisl law, and wrote 

i! articles for the press ; but his active 

-iment led him to purchase land on the 

:- of Ontario and the River St. Lawrence, 

w...re he established himself and erected the 

first building within 30 miles of the late. A 

fl<>ari>hing settlement soon sprang up: he be- 

xmnty judge, col. of militia in 1 S09, 

_ n. ISIO, and in IS12 was app. to com. 
:ier from Oswego to Lake St. Francis, 
es. Oct. 4, he repulsed the attack of a 
r British force upon Ogdensbnrg. his 
irters. He was offered the com. of a 
~ " -gt., bat declined. At the request of 
Co.. IXickus, he took com. at Sackett's Harbor 
io season to defeat an attack br superior num- 
bers. Xlay 29, IS13. App. brig. -gen. C S. A-, 
July 19, 1S13, maj.-gen. Jan.~ 24. 1S14. and 
placed in com. of the northern division of the 
army at French Mills, From this perioi, snc- 
eess attended our operations in Canada. He 
took jHjssession of Fort Erie : gained a victory 
over Gen. Riall on the plains of Chippewa, Jn- 
1t 5, 1S14 : over a superior force under Lieut.- 
Gen. Drammond in the battle of Xiagara Falls, 
Joly 25. 1S14. where he received two severe 
" ~ '- : and in the tartit from Fort Erie over 
je offiivr. Sept IT, 1S14, thns raising 
_ % He received the thanks of Congress, 
^ . ■. 1S14. and a gold medal emblematical of 
those triumphs. At the close of the war, be 
was retaine<l m command of the nonhem divis- 
ion of the armv, and was made getu in chief 
Mar. 10. 19-21.—.\j:.P.x1. Calif ry: G-iniimer. 
Brown, Jaxes, lawver and statesman, b. 
Ti- .- -r.iantnn, Va., Sept. 11, 1766: d. Phila., 
". 1835. Wm. and Mary Coll. He 
. law, and, emijrrating to Ky., rose to 
on at the bar. In 1 791, be com. a com- 



pany in an exped. gainst the Indians, and in 
1792 became sec. to~Gov. Shelby. Soon after 
the cession of La., he emigrated thither ; aided 
Livingston in compiling the Louisiana code, 
and became sec. of the territory ; C S. attv. 
for La.: C. S. senator in lS12-I7'and 1S19-24; 
and was U. S. minister to France in 1S24-9. 
His bro. John was C. S. senator from Ky. 

Brown. Johx, statesman of Ky., brother 
of James, b. Siannton, Va.. Sept. 12, 1757: d. 
Frankfort, Ky., Aug. 29, 1S37. His father, 
John. 44 vears pastor of a Presb. chureh in 
Rockbrid^, d. 1S03, a. 75. John left X. J. 
Coll. to join the Revol. army : subsequently 
completed his education at \Vm. and Mary 
Coll.: went to Ky. in 17S2; practised law': 
was a member of the Va. lesisl. from Ky. dist. ; 
member of the Old Congress, 1 7S7-s': M. C. 
17S<l-93: and C. S. senator, 1793 to 1S03. He 
was ai-:ive in the Indian warfare of his day. in 
the a .aission of Ky. into the Cnion, and the 
secu."-;:),- tor the West the navigation of the 
Mississii^pi. — CMns's Hist. Kf. 

Brown, Johs. a philanthropic merehant, 
b. Providence, R.I., Jan. 27, 1736 ; d. there 
Sept. 2'.'>. 1 SOS. One of 4 brothers, —Obadiah, 
Xicholas. John, and Moses, — partners in a mer- 
cantile tinn disting. for enterprise and public 
spirit. He led the party, which, on the night 
of June 17, 1772, destroyed the British sloop- 
of-war " Gaspe " in Xarragansett Bay, and 
was sent in irons to Boston on suspicion of 
having been concerned in that a&ir, but was 
released through the efforts of his brother 
Moses. Anticipating the war. he instructed his 
captains to freight their vessels on their retnm- 
voyages with powder, and fhmished the army 
at Cambridge with a supply, when it had no: 
4 rounds to a man. He was a member of 
Congress in 1799-1 SOI, a great projector of 
works of public utility, and a muniticent patron 
of Brown U., of which he was for 20 years 
treasurer. Chosen delesate to the Continental 
Conirress in 17S4, but did not take his seat. 

Brown, Johs, Revol. patriot, b. Sandis- 
field, Ms.. Oct. 19. 1744: killed by the Indians, 
Oct. 19. ITS'-!, while marching to relieve Schuy- 
ler, in the Mohawk-Valiey campaign. T.C. 
1761. He was king's atty. at Canghnawa^a, 
X.T., afterwards practUed law in Pittsfield, 
Ms., and was an active patriot. In 1774, and 
again in 1773, he entered Canada in disgnise, 
and endeavored tb secure the co-operation of 
the inhabitants with the other Colonies in the 
Kevol. He was a delegate to the Prov. Con- 
gress in 1775 : aided Ailen in the capture of 
Ticonderosa. and. Sept. 24. took Fort Chambly. 
In the attack on Quebec. Dec. 31. 1775, maj. 
Brown co-operated, by making a false attack 
upon the wails to the south of St. John's Gate. 
He was with Montgomery when he fell, and 
was, on his recommendation, made lient.-col. 
-\ug. 1. 1776. with rank and pay from Xot. 
1775 : Sept. IS, 1777. early in the morning, he 
surprised the outposts of "Ticooderoga, set free 
100 Amer. prisoners, captured 4 companies of 
regulars, a quantity of stores and cannon, and 
destroyed a larze quantity of boats, and an 
armed s!o-5p. He left the service on account of 
his •it.i>.-?:ation of .\mold, whose treachery he 
predicted, but continued to act with the mi- 



132 



BRO 



litia of Berkshire. Member of the legisl. in 
1778. 

Brown, Capt. Johs of Ossawmtomie. a 
di>tin}j. cliampion of liberty, b. Torriiiglon, 
Ci., 9 May, 1800; hung at Charlestown, Va., 
2 Dec. 1859. In a letter to a relative, dated 
from his prison, 19 Nov. 1859, he says, "I 
suppose I am the first of our mutual kindred, 
since the laiidin;; of I'eter B^own of The May- 
floner,' that ha.s <ritlicr been sentenced to iui- 
prisonment or to the (.'allows. Our >rrandfaiher, 
Capt. John Brown, fell in 1776. and he, too, 
mi^ht have perished on the scaffold, had cir- 
cuiiisiances been but very little diflFerent. I 
should be 60 years old were I to live till May 
9, 1860. I have enjoyed much of iife as it is, 
and have been remarkably prosperous ; having 
early learned to rejrard the welfare and pros- 
perity of others as my own. I have not as yet 
been driven to the use of glasses, but can see 
to read and write quite comfortably, and 1 have 
generally enjoyed remarkably ;,'uod health." 
His father removed to Ohio in 1805 In 1815- 
20, he worked at the trade of a tanner and cur- 
rier In 1820, he m. Dianihe Lusk. He re- 
moved, in 1846, to Springfield, where he was a 
dealer in wool ; afterward visited Europe on 
business; emig. in 1855 to Ks., where he took, 
an active part in thecontest with the pro>lavery 
party. A devout member of the Cong. Church, 
and a man of strict moral character, possessed 
of unflinching courage, and intense earnest- 
ness, he was specially adapted to the work he 
was to do. As early as 1839, he conceived the 
idea of becoming a liberator of the Southern 
slaves. In Aug 1 856, he defeated at Ossawat- 
tomie a band of Missouri invaders ten times 
more numerous than his own force. In May, 
1859, he called a secret convention of the 
friends of freedom, which met at Chatham, 
Canada, organized an invasion of Va. to liber- 
ate the slaves, and adopted a constitution. In 
July, ho rented a farm-house about 6 miles from 
Harper's Ferry, and collected there a supply 
of pikes, guns, &c. On the night of 16 Oct. 
1859, with about 20 men, he surprised Harper's 
. Ferry, seized the arsenal and armory, and took 
40 prisoners. Attacked by the Va. militia, on 
the 17th, after two of his sons, and nearly all 
of bis men, had been killed, and he himseli'had 
been wounded in several places, he was cap- 
tured. " Enemies and friends," says Redpath, 
"were equally amazed at the carriage and say- 
ings of the wouniled warrior." He was tried 
in Xov., and met death with serene composure. 
He was twice married, and had 20 children. — 
S't Lite, liy lierl/iath, 1860; Life and Letters, by 
/:. '>: II'tM., 1861. 

Brown, John Xbwton, D. D., Baptist 
clergyman and author, b. New London, Ct., 
June' 29, 1S03; d. Germantown, Pa., May 15, 
1868. He grad. at what is now Madison U., 
Hamilton, X.Y., with the highest honors in 
1823 ; preached one yearin Butfalo, afterwards 
at the 1st Bapt. Church, Providence, in Maiden, 
Ms , and in Exeter, X.H. He edited "The 
EncyclopiBdiaol Religious Knowledge" (1835), 
repub in Eng. From 1838 to 1S45, he was prof, 
of iheol. and eccl. history in the New Hampton 
Theol. Institution, X.H., but was obliged by 
ill health togu South. From 1845 to 1849, he 



Va.. and 



was pastor of a church at I>exington. Va.. 
was subsequently editorial sec. of the Amer. 
Bapt. Pub. Societv. and editor of the O'ri.iiian 
Cfn-onicle &nd the \u/(o*ui/ Uaittist. He edited 
for this society the works of liunyan and Ful- 
ler, and " Fleetwoo<rs Life of Christ." The 
Baptist articles of laiih, called the "X.H. Con- 
fession," were prepared by him, and revised in 
1852. He also wrote vcr.^e ; one of his best ef- 
forts being a translation of the Diis Ira, 
" Kmily, and other Poems," he pub. 1840. 

Brown, Jons Scli.ivas, author, b. Moul- 
tonborougb, Sept. 5. 1825. Dartm. Coll. 1848. 
Solicitor of patents at Washington, U.C., since 
Apr. 1851. Has 7 patents of bis own, and 30 
or 40 improvements of other inventions ; has 
pub. " A Catalogue of all Patents prior to 
1867," " Hives, and the Managing of Bees," 
and the Pen and Lei-er, devoted to luechanisiu 
and inventions. — Alumni of D.V. 

Brown, John W., author, b. Schenectadv, 
N.Y., Aug. 21, 1814 ; d. Malta, Apr. 9, 1849. 
Un. Coll. l8-'!2. After completing his studies 
at the General Theol. Sem., he settled as a 
Pr.-Ep. minister at Astoria, N Y., July 3, 1836; 
conducted the Astoria Female Institute in 
1838-45; became in 1845 editor of the PrU- 
eslant Vliurchman ; was the author of the 
" Christmas Bells, a Tale of Holy Tide," 1842, 
and other poems, and of several religious tales 
in prose. 

Brown, Mason, LL.D. (Trans. U.), jurist 
and legal writer, b. Phila., 10 Nov., 1799; d. 
Frankfort, Ky., 27 Jan. 1867. Y^.C. 1820. He 
studied in tlie oflScc of J. J. Crittenden and in 
the I.iexington Law School ; practised at 
Frankfort ; became the partner of Charles S. 
Morehead, with whom be compiled " Morehead 
and Brown's Digest ; " was many years judge 
of the Circuit Court of his dist., and sec. of 
State, 1855-9. Father of Senator B. Gratz 
Brown, and of Brig-Gen. J. M. Brown. Son 
of Sen. John Brown of Kv. bv a sister of 
John M. Mason, D. D. — 1'. C. OU. litcord, 
237. 

Brown, Matthew, D.D. (X.J.Coll. 1823), 
LL.D. (Ham. Coll. 1835; Jeff. Coll. 1845), 
eilucator, b. Xorthumb. Co., Pa., 1776; d. 
Pitu-burg, Pa., 29 July, 1853. Dick. Coll. 
1794. Licensed to preach by the Presb. of 
Carlisle, 3 Oct. 1799; some time pastor at 
Canonsburg, Pa. First |ires. of Wash. Coll., 
Pa., 1806-16. and pres. of Jeff. Coll. Pa., 
1822—45. Besides addresses and sermons, 
he pub. " Memoir of Rev. O. Jennings, D.D.," 
1832, and '• Life of Rev. John McMillan, D.D." 
— .-^imigue. 

Brown, Moses, capt. U.S.N. ; d. New- 
huryport. Jan. 1, 1804, a. 62. In the Revol. 
war, be com. several of the largest privateers 
of X.E. ; was engagwl in many severe battles ; 
disting. himself particularly in one with a ship 
of superior force, and was a zealous, brave, and 
successful officer. On the establishment of 
the US. navy, the merchants of Xewburyport 
built a ship by subscription for the govt., the 
com. of which was given to Capt. Brown, who 
was commissioned capt. Sept. 15, 1798. While 
he com. " The Merrimack," he was as enterpris- 
ing and successful as formerly. 

Brown, Nicholas, merchant, b. Provi- 



BRO 



133 



dence, R.I., April 4, 1769 ; d. there Sept. 27, 
1841. K.I. Coll. i:S6. He descended from 
Ch.id Brown, one of the early colonists with 
Roger Williams, and was the son of Nicholas, 
(one of the 4 brothers), whod. May 29, 1791, a. 
61. In 1791, he founded the mercantile house 
of Brown i Ives, one of the most successful 
in the country. For many yeai-s, he was a 
member of the R.I. le^isl. He was one of the 
most muniticont patrons of R.I. Coll. which, 
in 1S04, changed its name to Brown Univ. 
In 1S23, he built a second coll. edifice, entirely 
at his own expense, and gave, in all, nearly 
SI 00.000 to that institution. He gave nearly 
SI 0.000 to the Providence Athenaum, liberally 
aided in the building of churches and the en- 
dowment of colleges and academies, and be- 
queathed S.30,000 for an insane asylum, to be 
established at Providence. His son, John 
Carter Brown, has also been a munilicent 
patron of B. U. — See Hunt's Livts of Amer. 
JJ'-rcfiants. 

Brown. Patrick, M.D.. b. Mavo Co., 
Ireland, ah'. 1720; d. 1790. Author of" Civil 
and Xat. Hist, of Jamaica," 1736. 

Brown, Phccbe Hissdale, poetess, b. 
Canaan. N. V., 17S.3 ; d. Oct. 10, 1861, at Henry, 
Di.,at the house of herdau., Mrs. Elijah Smith. 
She ra. Timothy H. Brown. One of her sons 
is a missionary at Japan. Some of her lyrics 
are in Cleveland's " Lyra Sacra Americana." 

Brown, Cou Richard, aCherokee Indian; 
d. Tenn.. Jan. 26, 1818, a. 45. He led the 
Cherokees in every battle of the Creek war, 
under Gen. Jackson, whose personal friendship 
be enjoyed, and was severely wounded at the 
battle of the Horse Shoe. At the time of 
his death, he was one of the Cherokee delega- 
tion to Washington respecting a treaty. 

Brown, Ges. Robert, b. Northampton 
Co., Pa., 1743 ; d. there Feb. 26, 182.3. App. 
at the beginning of the Rtvol. an officer in 
the Pa. ■' Flying Camp," he was made prison- 
er on Long Island, and being permitted to 
work at his trade, that of a blacksmith, dis- 
tributed the proceeds of his wages among his 
fellow-prisoners. He was made a brig.-gen. of 
the State militia, filled several civil stations, 
Wiis a member of the State senate for some 
time ; .M.C. from 1798 to 1815. — Rogers. 

Brown, Samitel, M.D., physician, b. 
Auirusta Co., Va., Feb. 1769; d. Ala., Jan. 
12,1830. Uick. Coll. 1789. He studied medi- 
cine under Dr. Rush, in Phila., and took the 
degree of M.D. at Aberdeen. He practised 
a while near what is now Washington City ; 
settled in Lexington, Ky., in 1797 ; in 1806. in 
Kew Orleans; at Natchez, where lie m. Miss 
Catharine Percy, in 1808, after whose death, 
he settled on a plantation near Huntsville, 
Ala. Prof, of medicine in Transylv. U. in 
1819-25. He was extensively engaged in prac- 
lict ; suggested the process now in general 
use for clarilying ginseng, and for the applica- 
tion of steam to the distillation of spirits ; 
was a member of the Philos. Society and 
■ contrili. to its " Transactions," vol. vi.. and 
also to the X.Y. Mtd. Htpos. With his dis- 
ting. hroiliers. John and James Brown of Ky., 
and Henry Clay, he endeavored in 1799 to 
carry a project for the emancipation of the 



slaves, but did not succeed. Author of a trea- 
tise on vellow-fever. 1800. — Memoir by La 
/?rW.f , 1-. 'Gmss's Med. Bi^yj. 

Brown, Samcel G'ilmas, D.D. (Col. 
Coll. 1853), educator, b. X. Yarmouth, Me., 
Jan. 4, 1813. Dartm. Coll. 18-31 ; And. Theol. 
Sem. 1S37. Son of Francis (pres. of D.C., 
1815-20). He was principal of a high school 
at Ellington, Ct. ; travelled in Europe in 
1838-40; was prof, of oratorv and belles let- 
tres at DC, 1840-63, and 'of intell. phil. 
and polit. ocon. in 1863-7; ord. a Cong, 
preacher at Woodstock. Vt., Oct. 6. 1852; 
pres. of Hamilton Coll., Clinton, X.Y., since 
1866. Hellas pub. addresses, and contribs. to 
reviews, " Hist. Discourse before the Alumni of 
D.C., 21 July, 1869," being its 100th anniver- 
sarr ; also '• The Life of Hon. Rufus Choate," 
" Biography of Self-Taught Men," 1847 ; and 
h;is written 10 cour-es of lectures, one on 
" The Earlier Eng. Literature," the other on 
" British Orators," delivered before the Lowell 
Institute. Boston, in 1859, and elsewhere. 

Brown, Samcel R., author, d. at Cherry 
Valley, Sept. 15, 1817. a. 42. He was a vol. 
during the War of 1812, and afterwanls edited, 
until 1815, a newspaper called the Patriot, at 
Cayuga, X.Y. He pub. " A View of the Cam- 
paigns of the North-western Army," 1814 ; 
" History of the War of 1812," in two vols. ; 
"Western Gazetteer; or. Emigrant's Direc- 
tory," 1817. 

Brown, Solym.ix, M.D., b. Litchfield, 
Ct.,Nov. 17, 1790. Y'.C. 1812. Ord. a Cong, 
minister in 1814 ; preached and taught school 
until 1822; when he removed to N.Y., where 
he preached Swedenborgianism. Since 1832, 
he has practised dentistry in that city. He 
pub. in 1818 an esstiy on Amer. poetry, to- 
gether with some miscellanies ; " Dentologia," 
a poem on the diseases of the teeth, 18-33; 
and, in 1838, " Dental Hygeia," a poem on the 
general laws of health.' He has contrib. to 
the S.Y. Mirror, and been co-editor of the 
Journal of Dental Science. — Everest's Poets of 
Conn, 

Brown, Thomas, capt. U.S. navv,b-Del. ; 
d. Phila., Nov. 28, 1823. Midshipiiian, Apr. 
27, ISOl ; lieut. March 21, 1807; master, March 
1, 1815 ; capt. March 3. 1S25. 

Brown, William, an early naval com- 
mander of the Revol. ; d. Boston, Nov. 29, 
ISOt, a. 77. 

Brown, WiLi,iAM,adm. of Buenos Ayres.b. 
Ireland, ab. 1779; d. Became to Baltimore 
in 1793. and was employed in the mercantile 
marine until 1796, when he was impressed by a 
British man^)f-war. In 1814, being at Buenos 
Ayres, in the com. of an Eng. merchant-ship, 
during the War of Independence, he was in- 
duced to enter the naval service of that coun- 
try. Receiving the command of its flotilla, he 
eng:\ged in April, 1 81 4, some Spanish vessels off 
the island of Martin Garcia. In the ens aing 
May, a more decisive engagement took place 
off Montevideo, in which 4 of the enemy's ves- 
sels were taken or destroyed, and the re.-t dis- 
persed, causing the speedy capture of .Monte- 
video. Brown was made adm., and, his services 
not being required, he planned an e.xpcd. 
agHinst the Spanianls in the Pacific Ocean, and 



BRO 



104 



URO 



WAS for some time sueecssful, makins many riili 
prizes. After having greatly annoycil the 
Spanish commerce in the Pacific, he was re- 
turning with a rich l>ooty, « hen he was ca[)- 
tured by a British hhip-of-war, carried into 
Antigua, ami condemncij upon frivolous and 
unreasunuble allcLMtions. Owinc to this un- 
just )iroceeding, Bniwn lived at Buenos Ayres 
in reiiremeni, and almost in poverty, until the 
war with Brazil commenced. This event 
brought him once more into notice, and gave 
him an opportunity of acquiring no small share 
of naval reputation. 

Brown, Willum Hill, poet; d. Mur- 
fivesl)orouj;li. X.C., where he was studying law, 
Sept. 2, 1793, a. 27. He wrote a tragedy 
founded on the death of Andre, and a comedy. 
His " Ira and Isabella " was pub. in 1S07. 

Browne, Col. Tuom.vs, loyalist o6Bcer of 
the Revol., of Augusta. Ua ; d. St. Vincent's, 
Aug. 3, 1825. hi 1775, he fled, but was 
brought back by the Whigs, tried, tarred ami 
feathered, and drawn 3 miles in a cart exposed 
to the jwpulace. Removing to Fla., be made, 
at the head of a small force, predatory incur- 
sions to the banks of the Savannah. Joined 
in 1778 by about 300 Tories from the interior, 
he organized the " King's Hangers," uniformed, 
and com. them as licut.-col. lu 1779, at the 
head of 400 mounted men, he made a forced 
march to Augusta, and, alter being woumlcd 
and twice defeated by Cols. Twiggs and Few, 
established there a military post, and was re- 
enfoixed. In Sept. 1780, Col. Clarke besieged 
bim ; but the talent and skill of Browne, who 
was himself shot through both thighs, enabled 
him to hold out 4 days, and until relieved by 
Col. Cruger. His barbarity to Col. Clarke's 
wounded, whom he hung, covers bim with in- 
famy. Again l)esieged in April, 1781, by 
Pickens and Lee, he was forced to surrender 
in June. Such was the hatred his cruelties 
had inspired, that he was obliged to be si>e<.'ially 
and strongly guanied until delivered at Savan- 
nah, or he would have been torn limb from 
limb. After he was exchanged, he served at 
Savannah. In May, 1782, he marched out wiih 
a considerable force, but was completely rout- 
ed by Wayne. His estates, both in Ga. and 
S.C.^ having been confiscated, he retired to 
the Bahamas at the peace, whence, in 1786, he 
wrote an elaborate and able reply to Kamsay's 
comments on his conduct during the war, ad- 
dressed to the historian himself. In 1809, he 
was a petitioner in Eng. for a grant of crown- 
lands, and received 6,000 acivs in the Island of 
St. Vincent. It has been stated, that in 1812, 
he was convicted in London of forgery, which 
seems unlikely. For his services, he had been 
made eol. com. of his Majesty's late rcRt. of 
S.C. or Queen's Rangers, and also superinten- 
dent of Indian affairs in the southern dist of 
N. A. — Sabine. 

Browne, Johv Ross, traveller and author, 
b. 1817. In his 18lh year, he descended the 
Mississippi and Ohio, from Louisville to New 
Orleans. In 1846, after visiting a great part 
of the world, he pub. " Etchings of a Whaling- 
Cruise, with Notes of a Sojourn on the Island 
of Zanzibar." Me has been in California and 
the Uoly Land, and was app. minister to China 



in 186S. Author, al-o, of "An Amer. Family 
in Germany," " Ailventures in the Apache 
Country," " Land of Tlior," " Crusoe's Island, 
with Skenhes of Calitorniaand Washoe," and 
" YuM-f. Travels in the East." 

Browne, Willum, lovalist of Salem, 
Ms., b. Kb. 27. 1737 ; d. Eiig , Feb 13, 1802. 
H.U. 1755. Grandson of Gov. Burnet. He 
was many years a representative of Salem; 
one of the 17 resciiiders in 1768 ; a col. of the 
Essex Co. railiiia; a judj;c of the Superior 
Court, 1773-4, and was banished in 1778; and 
his immense landed estates were confiscated. 
Gov. ol Binnnda in 1781-90. — Sitliine. 

Brownell, Thomas CHiBrH, D.D. 
LL D , Prot.-Ep. bishop of Ct.. b. Westford, 
Ms., Oct. 19. 1779 ; d. Harifonl, Jan. 13, 1865. 
Vn. Coll. 1804. In ihi> institution, he held, in 
turn, the situations of tut )r, prof, of lotric and 
belles-lettres, lectureron chemistry, ami [irof.of 
rhetoric and chemistry, until, in Apr. 1816, he 
took orders in the church ; and became an as- 
sist, minister in Triu. church, X.'V"., in the 
summer of 1818. He was coniec. bishop of 
Ct., Oct. 27, 1819, and, removing to Hartford, 
was cho-sen first pres. of Trin. Coll.. which 
took its rise under his auspices in 1824. He 
was chiefly instrumental in the liberal endow- 
ments of its professorships, and in procuring 
important additions to the general fund. He 
resigned the pres. in 1831. He Ikhmuic presid- 
ins: bishop in 1852. He pub. "A Bible Class and 
Family Expositor to the Study of the New 
Testament," and "A Commentary on the Book 
of Common Prayer." In 1839-40, he paparvd 
5 vols., entitled " Religion of the Heart and 
Life." He is also the author of sevcr.il im|ior- 
tant charges to his clergy, and variotis sermons 
on special occasions, and h.is conirib in other 
ways to the current literature of the day. 

Browning, Orville H., lawyer and poli- 
tician, b. Harrison Co., Ky., ab 1810. While 
a clerk in the office of the clerk of Bracken 
Co., he went throu;;b a course of classical study 
at Augusta Coll.. siudieil law, was adm. to the 
bur in 1831. and settled in Quincy, III. He 
served throu;,'h the Black Hawk war in 1832; 
meml)er of the III. senate in 1836-40: of the 
lower house iu 1841-3, and, in conjunction with 
his friend Abraham Lincoln, was mainly- in- 
strumental in foruting the Repub. party of III. 
at the Bloomingion convention. Deli'gate to 
the Chicago convention of 1860, and a warm 
supporter of the govt, during the Kclxdlion; 
U.S. senator in 1861-3 to fill the vacancy oc- 
casioned by the death of Mr. Douglas ; an 
active member of the Union exec, commit- 
tee, June, 1866; and sec. of the interior iu 
1866-8 ; ami from March, 1868 to .March, 1869, 
also performed the iluties of U..S. atty.gcn. 

Brownlow, William (Jaxnaw'ay, cler- 
gyman and |H>liiieian, h. Wythe Co., Va., Aug. 
29, 1805. He was left an orphan at II, and, 
by hard labor as a carpenter, obtained a fair 
educati<m. Entering the Methodist ministry 
in 1826. he was an itinerant preacher for ID 
years. While travelling in S.C , he took pan 
in the nullification controversy, op|x>sing the 
project, and pub. a pamphlet in his own vindi- 
cation, on account of the strong op|)Ositinn 
excited against him. In 1828, he advocated iu 



BRO 



135 



BRIT 



Tenn. the election of J. Q. Adams to the Pre^- 
iJcncv. Ab. 1S37, he became editor of the 
Knoxcille iVkig, a political newspaper of wi^le 
circiihtiion, and obtained the sobriquet of the 
"lislitiiig parson." In IS5S, in a public debate 
at i'hilii., with Kev. A. Prync, on slaverv after- 
ward pub. in a vol. entitlcJ " Ouaht American 
Slavery to be perpetuated!" Mr. Brownlow 
maintained the affirmative. From the iK'gin. 
nin;; of the secession movement in 1S60, he 
boldly maintained in his paper the principle 
of ailherence to the Union as the best sati;- 
guard of Southern institutions. This course 
snbjected him to much persecution after the 
secession of Tenn. Oct 24, 1S6I, he published 
the last number of the ll'A/y, and, after remain- 
ing; some time concealed, was induced, by a 
promise of passports, to report to the com. -gen. 
at Knoxville, where he was arrested Dec. 6, 
and thrown into jail. March .3, IS62, he was 
relciised, and escorted to the Union lines at 
Nashville. He afterward made a tour of the 
Northern States, delivering speeches in the 
principal cities ; was joined by his family, who 
bad al.^io been expelled from Knoxville ; and 
pub. " Sketches of the Rise, Progress, and De- 
cline of Secession, with a Narrative of Personal 
Adventures among the Rebels," 12mo, 1862. 
He returned to Xashville after its capture by 
the Union forces, and w;is gov. of Tenn. in 
1865-9 ; U.S. senator since 18G9. Araon'.' his 
other writinss are " The Iron \\'heel E.xamined, 
and its False Spokes Extracted" (l2mo, 
Nashville), a repiv to attacks on the Methodist 
Church. IS.ie. 

Brownson, N-vthas, stattsman, d. Lib- 
erty Co., Ga., Xov. 1796. Y.C. 1761. He 
was a physician of Liberty Co., and an early 
supporter of the rights of his country ; member 
of the Prov. Cong, of 1775 ; was some time a 
surgeon in the army ; was speaker of the Icgisl. 
of 1781, by which tnjdy he was chosen gov. of 
Ga. ; member of the Cont. Cong, of 1776 and 
1778 ; speaker of the Ga. H. of representatives 
in 17S8: prcs. of the senate in 1789-91, and 
member of the convention that framed the State 
Constitution in 1789. — Ga. Hisl. Colls. 213. 

Brownson, Orestes Augcstcs, LL.D., 
author, b. Siockbrid-re, Vt., Sept. 16, 1803. 
He bciame in 1825 a Universalist minister, and 
preached in various places in Vt. and N.Y., 
writing for and editing various religious peri- 
odicals. Making the acquaintance of Robert 
Owen, he was attracted by schemes of social 
refi>rm, and in 1828 was prominent in the 
forTuation of a worfcingraen's party in N.Y. 
The writings of Dr. Channing led him, in 
1832, to become pastor of a Unitarian church. 
In 1836, he or^-anized in Boston the Society 
for Christian Union and Progress, of which he 
had cliarg<; till he ceased preaching in 1843. 
On removing to Boston, he pub. his " New 
Views of Christianity, Society, and the 
Church." He established the Boston Q'tnrtf-rlt^ 
Reiii-w in 1838, and wan almost its sole writer 
during the 5 years of its continuance, and 
•onirih. largely to it during the first year after 
it was merged into the fJemoc. lieri'ic of N.Y. 
In 1840, he pub. " Charles Elwood, or the In- 
fidel Converted," which passed through several 
editions ia Eng. He entered the Rotnan com- 



munion in 1844, and has since lat)or«l stren- 
uously for the doctrines of that church. The 
later pubs, of Mr. Brownson are, "The Spirit- 
Rapper," 1854 ; and " The Convert, or Leaves 
from my Experience," 1857. Since 1844, he 
has supported, almostsiiigle-handed, Uro'cnson's 
Qtiirierii/ Hevietc, devoted especially to the 
defence of Catholic doctrines, but also discus.<cs 
questions of politics and literature. Trans- 
lations of several of his works have been pnb. 
and favorably received in Europe. — .Ipnleton. 
BrucO) AxDREW, lieut.-col. 5th Foot, a 
Briti^h olGcer, who served at I.exiiiston, 
Bunker's Hill, &c ; d. Eul'., Feb. 5, 1792. 

Bruce, Archibald, .M.D. (U. of Edinb. 
1800). phvsician, b. N. Y., Feb. 1777; d. then: 
Feb. 22, 1818. Col. Coll. 1795. His father, 
Wdliam Bruce, the head of the medical dcpt. 
of the British army at N. Y.. upon l>cing ordered 
to the West Indies, spcci.illy directeil that his 
son should not bo brought up to the raed. pro- 
fession. However, from the meilical lectures 
of Nicholas Romayne, the teachings of Dr. 
Hosack, and attendance on the courses of 
medical instruction of Col. Coll., he attained 
a knowledge of the science. He went to Europe 
in 1798, and in a tour of two years in France, 
Switzerland, and Italy, collected a minera- 
logical cabinet of great value. He m. in 
London, and, in the summer of 1803, re- 
turned to N.Y. City, and commenced practice. 
From 1807 until 1811, he was prof, of materia 
medica and mineralogy in the Coll. of Phy- 
sicians and Surgeons. Having, in connection 
with Romayne and others, afterward constituted 
another medical faculty, he delivered lectures 
on his favorite studies. In 1810, he edited a 
vol. of a Jo'trnal of American MineraJoq'i, 
which, as well as his discovery of the hydrate 
of magnesia at Hoboken, contrib. materially 
to extend his fame. Member of many learned 
associations in this countrv and Europe. — 
Tharher. 

Bruce, Sir FREDERtCK, an English di- 
plomatist, bro. of the Earl of Elgin, d. Boston, 
Ms., Sept. 1867. App. ambassador to the 
U.S. early in 1865. 

Bl*UCe, George, an eminent type-founder, 
b. Edinbur<:h, Scotland, June 26, 17S1 ; d.N.Y., 
Jnly 5, 1866. He came to the U.S. in June, 
1795 ; was apprenticed to a printer in Phila. ; 
afterward went to Albany, and thence to N.Y., 
where, in 1803, he was foreman, and a con- 
tributor to the Daily Adcrrtiser. In 1S06. with 
his bro. David, he opened a hook-printing- 
office. In 1812, David went to Eng., and 
brought back with him the secret of stereotyp- 
ing. In 1816, they sold out their printing- 
business, and began that of type-founding, into 
which George introduced manv valuable im- 
provements. In connection witli his nephew, 
David Bruce, jun., he inventeil the only type- 
casting machine which has stood the test of 
experience, and is now in general use. He 
was many years pres. of the Mechanics' In- 
stitute, and an active member of several literary 
and Itenevolent associations. 

Bruen, .M atthi. vs. minister of the Blcecker- 
St. Church. N.Y. (14 June, 1825-1829), b 
Newark, N..I.. Apr. 11,1793; d. NY., Sept. 
6, 1829. Col. Coll. 1812. He travelled in 



BRIT 



136 



Europe with his preceptor. Dr. Mason, in 1816 • 
was ord. m London in 1819, and preached six 
months in the Amer. chapel, Paris. In 1822 
ho becanie a missionary in N. V. He was active 
in missionary, rcli-ious, and educational work 
Author of "Sketches of Italy." _ &e Lif.and 
thaidfirr of, X. Y., 18.31 . 
. Bruyas, Kkv. Jacqi-es, of Lyons, mis- 
sionary, arrived at Qiichcc, Aii«. 3, 16GG- 
became cliief of the Ir„,,u.,is Missions in 1071' 
iind was superior of his order in 1693-170o' 
• i'°?' "!"■"« '"stnimental in making a peace 
with the Five Nations, which lasted over 50 
years. In Aug. 1701, he attended the crand 
ratification of this treaty. He wrote several 
works in the Mohawk tongue. His Diciionarv, 
Latechism, and " IWiiKs Agnieres " ai-e still 
extant. — O'Co/ZavAan. 

I ^'■y*?' •f"-."'"'^' J""'-"' ^- li'iblin, Ire- 
and, l,;31;d. I'l,ila.,Jan.27,1791. Hecame 
to Amer. iii early l.lr ; was en«a;,'ed some years 
in comniernal |,urs,iits In Pliila. ; was a mem- 
ber o the M.ili. Ass.Mnbly, and, in 1765, was a 
member of tl,c Sianip-act Con-ress, in which 
and in the sul,sv,|„eiit stiu-tjle, he took aii 
active part \ ,,v-p,es of the supreme e.xcc. 
council of Pa., from the i.eriod of the Declara- 
tion of Independence, he was, in Jlav 1778 
advanced to the prcsideiuv ; and in 1779 he 
was elected to the K-isl., wh'en he projected and 
procured the passn-o of an act for the L'laduul 
nbo ition of slavery. App. a jn,l;;e of the 
State Siipa-mo Court in 1780, he remained in 
that position until his death. In 1784 he was 
elected one of the council of censors. lie 
stremiously opposed the adoption of the Federal 
(. onstitution. He was an impartial and ineor- 
ruptilile judge. 

Bryant, William Cullen, poet and jour- 
nalist, b. Cumminjrion, Ms., Nov. 3, 1794 Hig 
father Peter, a physician, superintended the 
education of his children. Young IJrvant com- 
municated verses to the county gazette before 
hewas 10; and his •'Enibargoi" a politiei.1 
satire, and " The Spanish Uevolution " were 
pub in his Uth year, and again in 1809. At 
V,'Jr 7'-"'<-- ;;■' limiatopsis." first pub. in the 
North Atwr. R,n,w in 1^17. After 2 vears' 
study at Wms. Coll.. ho studied law; was-adm. 
the bar 11, ISI.^- rommence.l ,,racticc in 
l.lainfield andaltcrward removed to Great Bar- 
rington; but, though he ro.se to distinction in 
the courts, his tastes inclined him to literature 
ilo wrote several prose articles for the X„t/, 
Amenmn; in I82I delivered before the Phi 



laudatory preface, securing him a Etironcan 
reputation. Having associated Wm. I^i^fot^ 
wilh himself in the management of the /w" ha 
visited Luronc in I8.U,aiid travelled there ex- 
tensively, lie went, again in 1845, and in a 
Oiird visit in 1849, extended his journey to 
Egyp and Syria. His letters written to the 

title of Letters of a Traveller," soon after 
his last rettirn. Ah. 184.5, he purchased an an- 
cient mansion near the village of Roslyn, on 
r"'lf ,''"'",";!• '"'";••« )y l-'S sineo resided. In 
1848, he deliverojl a funeral-oration on Thos 
tolctlio great landsca|«;-paiuter ; and in 1852 
a discourse on the litb and writings of James 
Fenimore Coo[K>r He made another journev 
to Europe in 1857 and '8, described in a series 
of letters to the Er.n,„g Post, p„b. in 1859 ^ 

A ,"L?"".' •'^''"'" ""•' """-'"■ Countries." 
Apr 3, I8C0, he dolivcad at the Acad, of Mu- 
SIC, N. \ an address on Washington Irvin,- 
A new vol of verses, entitled " Thirty Poems " 
appeared in 186*. His brother Joiin How- 
ABD, also a poet, b. July 22, 1807, first came 
mto notice in 1826 by the publication of " \ll 
Native Land." He went to III. in 1831 ; his 



r, . ,. „ '.-' ">;">v-'eu ueiore the Phi 

Beta Iva^ipa Society of H. U. a poem on the 
Ages ; and a vol. containing several of his 
poems, pub. at Cambridge, at oncestamped him 
as n jreiuiine poet. He removed to New York 
m 182.5; edited the .V. Y. /.Vtw, soon after 
merged into the U. S. AV, ./<.,„, ami in 1S2G 
connected himself with the E,;nmq Post. This 
he suli,e,|n,iuly, u|„mi ol.i:iini„g-its exclusive 
con.ro . cl,a„u..,l fn„n a Keder^d ,0 a Deinoc 
piliit lavoring lioe trade. Eroni 1827 to 18.iO 
with Sands and WMpl.iuek, he edited the " Tal- 
iMnan, an annual, and eoutrib. '•Medlield ".and 
Ilie "Skeleton Cave" to the " Tales of the 
Glauber bpa." In 18.-.2, a complete edition of 
his poems appeared in N. Y. ; and Irvin- then 
ID fcng., caused it to be reprinted tliero with a 



been a representative in tho legisl., and pub. a 
colL of his poems in N. Y. in 1 855. ^ 

Bryson, Andrew, capt U. S. N., b. New 

18)7 ; licut. Aug. .30, 1851 ; com. Julv 16, 1862- 
eaj.t. July 25, 186G. He com. steamer " Chip! 
pewa on special service, 1862-0 ; com. iroi^ 
clad " Leliigh," S. A. B. .squadron, at the re- 
duction of tort Macon, and in all'the prhici- 
pal actions ,„ which the iion-clads were engaged 
offC,arles,„„.n.,„ Sept. 1863, to Apr.5,IS64, 
and wunn.led sh.-htly by fragment of a shell ^ 

^8Gi-!::^lt:;^'''"'''^*'-'p"->j"'"^™": 

Buchanan, Fran-khn, an officer of the 
Coined, navv b Baltimore, Md., ab. 1800 
Entering the U. S navy as midshipm. Jan. 28, 
181 J, he became licut. Jan. 13, 1825; master- 

acad. 1845-, ; can . Sept. 14, 1855. Apr. 19, 

h.fr\n 1-?"" '"' ^^'*'""«io"; lo't, finding 
that Md. did not secede, ho petitioned to be rt 
stored; was refnseil; entered the Confederate 
service, and snpcrintendcd the fitting-out of 
the frigate '• Merrimack." He com. her in tlia ■ 
attack on the U. S. fleet in Han.plon Road ! 
and was so severely wounded as to bo obli-^d 
to relinnuish his com. HQwas_in goa. when ,k 
Gcu. Wool occupied Norfolt^iTTdew up his '^ 
ship to save her from capture. Made X- /^ JJ^ 
ndm hecom the iron-cIad " Tennessee " in 
Mobile Hay, Aug. I8G4, where ho was defeated 
b.i Ad.iK Parragut, and taken pri.soncr. 

Buchanan, Isaac, member of the Cana- 
dian parliament, and prcs. of tho hoard of 
trade of Hamilton, b. Glasgow, N.B 1810 
He was libenilly educated; became a Vcadin"' 
merehant and politician ; was active in sun'! 
pressing the rebel i.,n in 18.37; was elected to 
parliament from Toronto in 1841, and has been 
many yeai-s a m.mbcr an,| at one time i.ics. of 
Hie exec, council of Quebec. Author if " Tho 
Relations of the Industrv of Canada with tli.i 
Mother-Coiintrv and the tj. S " 
Buchanan, Ja.vies, British consul at N.Y.; 



137 



BUG 



d. nt Elmwood, near Montreal, Oct. 1851, a. 80. 
Wliilc a le.-iilent of N. Y., lie wrote and pub. 
" Sketclies of the History, Manners, anil Cus- 
toms of the X. Amer. Imlians," 2 vols., liino, 
1824, repub. in Lond. the same year, a work 
of merit. — .V. £. //. ami Gmml. lit;/., vi., 101. 

Buchanan, James, l.itli Pres. of tlio 
U. S., h. Krankiin Co., Pa , 23 Apr. 1791 ; d. 
Wheatlanil, n^'ar Lancaster, Pa., 1 June, 1868. 
Dick. Coll. 1809. His father came from Ire- 
land in 178.3 : his mother, Klizabcth Spear, was 
the dau. of a farmer. Adni. to tlie bar in 1812, 
he practised at Lancaster with such success, 
that, at tke a^e of 40, ho retired with a compe- 
tency. Beginning as a Federalist, he was an 
JL C ill 1821-31, and supported Jackson for 
the Presidency in 1828 ; mmister to Kussia in 
1832-4 ; U. S. senator, 1834—15 ; sec. of Stale, 
under Pres. Polk, in 1 845-9, opposing the 
AVilmot Proviso and the antislavery move- 
ment ; and U. S. minister to Eng. in 18.13-6. 
In 1856, he was the Democ. candidate for Pres., 
and WHS elected, receiving 174 electoral votes 
to 129 for Fremont (Republican), and Fill- 
more (American). In Congress, he favored a 
tiirilT merely for revenue, and, as chairman of 
the judiciary committee of the house, conducted 
with ability the prosecution of Judge Peck of 
Me. in 1829-30. As minister to Kussia, he 
concluded a commercial treaty, securing to us 
important privileges in the Baltic and Black 
Seas. In the senate, where he was regarded as 
a leader of the Democracy, he urged Congress 
to declare that it had no power to legislate on 
the subject of slavery, and advoeated the an- 
nexation of Texas. As one of the 3 members 
of the Ostend Conference in 1854, he declared, 
that, if Cuba could not be purchased, we should 
be justified in wresting it from Spain. Ilis cab- 
inet was composed principally of disunionists 
and their friends. In the first year of his ad- 
ministration, great excitement was produced by 
an attempt to establish slavery in Kansas. In 
his message, Dec. 1857, be urged that Kansas 
be adm. with the Lecompton Constitution, 
which the proslavery party, aided by executive 
influence, b.id framed. In his last message, 
Dec. 1860, Buchanan caston the Northern peo- 
ple the blame for the disruption of the Union, 
then imminent, and declared that the Constitu- 
tion did not delegate to Congress or to the Ex- 
ecutive power to coerce or to prevent the seces- 
sion of a State. Dec. 12, I860, Cms resigned 
the State secretaryship, because the Pres. de- 
clined to re-enli>rce Fort Sumter. Most of the 
slave States seceded in the winter of 1860-61 ; 
and nearly all the forts, arsenals, and custom- 
houses within their limits, were seized by the 
insurgents, the movements of the disunionists 
to found and fortify a Southern confederacy be- 
ing facilitated by the outgoing administration. 
He withilrew to' private life Mar. 3, 1861. Au- 
thor of " Mr. Buchanan's Administration," 
1866. 

Buchanan, UonERX CirRistlE, brev. maj.- 
gen. L'.S A., b. .Md. West I'oint, 18.30. Lieut, 
of inf., 1830 ; adj. 1835-8; served in Seminole 
war, 18.36-7; capt. I Nov. 1838; brev. maj. 
" for gallant and disting. 8er\'icc in battles of 
R. de In Palnia and Palo Alto," Aug. 1846 ; 
lieut.-col. com. batt. Md. vols, in Mez. war, 



Sept. 1846, to May, 1847 ; acting maj. and dis- 
ting. in battle of t^hurubusco ; brev. lieut.-col. 
for El Molinodel Key, July, 1848 ; acting insp.- 
gen. to Gen. Butler in 1848; mnj. 4th Inf, 
Feb. 3, 1855 ; com. and disting. in several con- 
flicts with Indians near Rogue River, Oregon, 
in 1856; lieut.-col. Sept. 9, 1861 ; col 1st Inf., 
Feb. 8, 1864; brig.-gen. U.S. vols., 29 Nov. 
1862; was in the battles ami sieges of the 
peninsular camp.; battles of Manassas, Antie- 
tam, and Fredericksburg ; brev. brig.-gen. U. 
S.A., 13 Mar. 1865, for Malvern Hill; brev. 
maj. -gen. U.S.A., for Manassas and Fredericks- 
burg. — r'«/Aiw. 

Buckingham, J.4.Mi;8 Sn.ic, traveller and 
author, b. Eng., 1784; d. London, June 30, 
1855. He made tours in various jjarts of Eu- 
rope and N. America, the published accounts 
of which make many vols. ; 9 of thcin are 
upon Amer. He visited the U.S., and lectured 
on temperance and slavery in most of the 
cities of the Union. M. P. "1832-7. 

Buckingham, Joseph Tisker, editor, 
b. Windham, C't,. Dee. 21, 1779; d. Cam- 
bridge, Ms., Apr. 11, 1861. His father, Nehe- 
raiah Tinker, a Kevol. soldier^ d. in 1783, leav- 
ing his family destitute. Jo.^^eph worked on a 
farm ; entered a printing-office at 16 ; came to 
Boston in Feb. 1800, and in 1804 had bis name 
changed by act of the legisl. He began to pub. 
the PolyanlliDS in 1805, the Ordeal, a weekly 
of 16 pages, 8vo, in Jan. 1809, the N.E. Gal- 
axy, in conjunction with S. L. Knapp, in Oct. 
1817, and in Mar. 1824, the lioslon Courier, 
as the sjjecial and avowed advocate of the 
Amer. system. He retired from the Courier in 
June, 1848. From 1831 to 1834, in connection 
with his son, he pub. the N. E. Mar/azine. He 
was several times elected to the legisl., and was 
a member of the State senate in 1847-8, and 
1850-1. He is the author of " Specimens of 
Newspaper Literature," &e., 2 vols., 1850; 
" Personal Memoirs and Recollections," 2 vols., 
1852; "Annals of the Ms. Char. Mechanics' 
Assoc," 1853. He was pres. of the Ms. Char- 
itable Assoc, of the Bunker Hill Monument 
Assoc, and of the Middlesex Agric. Society. 

Buckingham, William Alkred, LL.D. 
(Y.C. 1866), gov. of Ct., 1858-66, b. Lebanon, 
Ct., May 28, 1804. His ancestor was Rev. 
Thos. of Saybrook. He engaged in business 
in Norwich, in 1825, and became a successful 
merchant and carpet manuf. His patriotism 
and etncieney during the Rebellion were of 
great service to the national cause. U.S. sen- 
ator since 1869. HegaveS25,000 to the Theol. 
School of Y.C. — .Sec //. B. Slowe's Men of 
our Tim''. 

Buckminster, Joseph, D.D. (N. J. Coll. 
1803), mini-tcr of Portsmouth, N.H., b. Rut- 
land, Ms., Oct. 14, 1751; d. June 10, 1812. 
Y C. 1770, where he was a tutor from 1774 to 

1778. Thos. his ancestor came early to Boston, 
and d. Brookline, 1656. He became attached, 
while at New Haven, to a lady of reputation and 
celebrity, whose history is the basis of Miss 
Foster's story, " The Coquette." Old. in Jan. 

1779, pivstor of the North Church ; but after a 
ministry of .33 years, his health becoming 
greatly impaired, he left home June 2, 1812, 
accompanied by his wife and two friends, but 



BUC 



138 



BUE 



d. a few days after. He pub. some sermons, 
and a short sketch uf Dr. Muckinlo>h. Eliza 

B. Lee, his dau., pub. " Memoirs of the Rev. 
Joseph IJuikminster, D.D.," 18.')1. — Spraijue. 

Buckminster, Joskph Stevens, a cele- 
tinued pivuLlier iiiid scholar, b. Portsmouth, 
K.ll., May 26, 1784 ; d. June 9, 1812. H.U. 
1800. Son of Rov. Joseph. He devoted him- 
self for 4 years to theohiijy and general litera- 
ture. An assist, in E.xeter Acad, after learin;; 
coll., he was one of the teachers of Daniel 
Webster. In Oct. 1804, he preached in IJos- 
ton for the tirst time, and accepted, in 1805, an 
invitation from the Brattlo-st. society there. 
A voyage to Europe was rendered necessary 
for the restoration of his health ; and in 180tj-7 
he travelled extensively in Eng. and on the 
Continent. He was an active member of the 
Anthology Club, famous for the many gifted 
men which it included, and for havinf;; origi- 
nated one of the Krst purely literarv periodicals 
of this country. In 1809, he delivered before 
the Phi Beta Kappa Society of H. U. an ad- 
dress on " The Uaiij,'crs and Duties of Men of 
Letters." He m.iinlaiiied by his sermons the 
highest rank among popular preachers, and 
was a contrib. to the periodicals of the day. 
The Greek Testament of Griesbach wai edited 
by him in 1808. In 1811, he was app. the first 
lecturer on biblical criticism at H. U. ; and, 
while busily preparing for the execution of 
this office, a violent fit of epilepsy at once de- 
stroyed his intellect, and gave a shock to his 
frame, which he survived but a few days. In 
1808, he pub. a collection of hymns for the use 
of his society. A vol. of his sermons was pub., 
with a memoir of his life and character, by S. 

C. Thatcher in 1814. He was a member of 
the Acad, of Arts and Sciences, and of the 
Ms. Hist. Siicicty. 

Buckminster, Col. William, Revol. 
oificer, b. FraiiiJiiglinm, Dec. 13, 1736 ; d. June 
22, 1786. He removed to Barrc in 1757 ; com. 
the minnte-men in 1774; was lieut.-col. of 
Brewer's legt. at Bunker's Hill, and received 
there a wound which crippled him for life. 

Buckuer, Simon Bolivar, pen. C.S.A., 
b. lis., ab 1824. West Point, 1844. En- 
tering the 2d Inf, he was from Aug. 1845, 
to May, 1846, assist, prof, of ethics at West 
Point ; brev. 1st lieut. for gallantry at Contre- 
ras and Churiibusco, where he was wounded ; 
capt. for gallantry at Molino del Key ; assist, 
instructor inf. tactics at WestPoint, Aug. 1848, 
and resigned Mar. 25, 1855. He then prac- 
tised law, and became the most prominent of 
the Knights of the Golden Ciicle in Ky. Af- 
ter the civil war broke out, ho was made 
com. of the State guard of Ky., and adj. -gen. 
of the State. Sept. 12, 1861, he issued from 
Kusselville an address to the people of Ky., 
calling on them to take up arms against the 
usurpation of Abaham Lincoln; after which 
he removed to Bowling Green. Alter the ca|)- 
ture of Fort Henry, he evacuated Bowling 
Green. Coin, a brigade at Port Doiielson, in 
the battles of Feb. 13, 14, and 15, and, after the 
escape of Pillow and Floyd, surrendered the 
fort, Feb. 16, to Gen. Grant, with 16,(X)0 pris- 
oners and vast stores. He was imprisoned 
at Fort Warren, Boston, until exchanged in 



Aug. 1862. He subsequently com. the Isl 
division of Gen. Hardee's corps in Bragg'a 
army in Tenn. Later he was made a maj.-gcn., 
assigned to the 3d grand div., and was in tha 
battles ol Murfreesborough and Chickamauga, 
and surrendered with Kirbv Smith's army to 
Gen. Canby, at N. Orleans," May 26, 1865. 

Buoll, Abel, an ingenious mechanic, b. 
Killingworth, Ct., ab. 17.")0; d. N. Haven, Ct., 
ab. 1825. In his youth, he was apprenticed to 
a gold and silver smith, and at the age of 20 
was detected and punished fi>r an ingenious 
alteration of a colony note. His next exploit 
was the construction of a lapidary machine, be- 
lieved to be the first used in this country. Re- 
moving to N. Haven ab. 1770, he was employed 
by Bernard Romans, who was constructing his 
map of N. Amer., to survey the coast of Pen- 
sacola, and afterwards to engrave the map, 
which was pub. during the Revol. He next 
established a type-foundry, and, for his various 
services to the public, was restored by the Icgisl. 
to his civil rights. After the war, be was em- 
ployed by the State in coining coppers; for 
which he made all the a]>paratus. He then vis- 
ited F-ng., where he gained some knowledge of 
the machinery used in the manuf. of cloth, and, 
on his return, erected a cotton-factory in N. 
Haven, — one of the first in the country. 

Buell, Don Carlos, maj.-gen. vols., b. 
near Marietta, O., Mar. 2.1, 1818. West Point, 
1841. Entering the 3d Inf., he became 1st lieut. 
June, 1846, and won the brevets of captain at 
Monterey, and major at Contreras and Churu- 
busco, where he was severely wounded. Lieut.- 
col. Mav U, 1861; brig.-gen. vols. Mav 17, 
1861. In Nov., he superseded Gen. W. T. Sher- 
man in thedept. of the Cumberland, which was 
re-organized as that of the Ohio. Maj.-gen. of 
vols. March 21, 1862, and on the same day his 
dist. was incorporated with that of the Mpi., 
Gen. Halleck. He arrived with a |iart of a di- 
vision on the battle-field of Sbiloh, near the 
close of the first day's action, Apr. 6, in time 
to succor the hard-pressed army of Gen. Grant ; 
3 of his divisions arriving the next day, tho 
Confederates were driven to their intrench- 
mcnts at Corinth. June 12, he took com. of 
the dist. of Ohio. In July and Aug., Bragg's 
army advanced into Ky., capturing a numlier 
of Buell's posts, compelling the abandonment 
of Lexington and i'rankfort, and the re-mov- 
al of the State archives to Ix)uisville, which city 
was thre'atencd, as well as Cincinnati. At mid- 
night of Sept. 24, Buell's retreating army en- 
tered Louisville amid great excitement, as it 
was feared that Bragg woubl reach there first. 
Sept. 30, by order from Washington, Buell 
turned over his com. to Gen. Thomas, but was 
restore'd the .same day, and, Oct. 1, began to 
pursue the Confederates. On the 8th, a severe 
but indecisive battle was fonght with them at 
Perryville by a portion of Buell's army. On 
the 24tli, he was ordered to transfer his com. to 
Gen, Rosecrans. A court of inquiry to inves- 
tigate his 0))erations made a report, which has 
never been pub. Resigned 1 June, 1864. Pros. 
Green River, Ky., Iron Works, since 1865. 

Buell, Jesse, agriculturist, b. Covcntn', 
Ct., Jan. 4, 1778; d. Danbnry, Oct. 6, 1839. 
Originally a printer, be removed to A'bany ia 



BtlF 



139 



BtlL 



I'SIS, iind established the Jn/iis, whicli he edit- 
ed until 1821, when ho devoted himself to ag- 
ricul. pursuits in that vicinity with great suc- 
cess, lie was often a member of tiie State 
assembly ; at one time a magistrate ; was Whig 
candidate for gov. in 18;i6, and, at the time of 
his death, was a regent of the U. In 18.34, he 
established the Cullifiitor, whieli has probably 
exerted a greater influence among agricultu- 
rists, and been the means of effecting more im- 
provement in husbandry, than any other simi- 
lar journal in the U. S. He delivered numer- 
ous addresses, pub. the " Farmer's Instructor," 
in 10 vols., and the " Farmer's Companion," 
1S.'!9. Mcmlier of many Amer. and foreign 
horticultural and agricultural societies. 

Bu£rum, EuHARD GoCLD, journalist and 
authur, li. U. I. ; d. Paris, France, Dec. 24, 
1867. Son of Arnold Bnffum, the well-known 
philanthropist. In early life, he became a writer 
for the Xew-Yurh llinald, but in 1 846 joined 
Col. Stevenson's N. Y. rcgt., and acconip. it to 
Cal. as a liem. Being there at the time of the 
discovery of gold, he was actively engaged in 
explorations of the State, and subsequently 
pub. an intere:!ting and valuable work, the first 
of its kinil, on the gold-mines of Cal. He was 
a long time editor in chief of the Attn Cali/ur- 
nt'iii; and in the State legisl., of whicli he was 
a member from San Francisco, displayed great 
ability as a debater. He wrote a history of Col. 
Stevenson's regt., graphically describing life in 
Cal. in its early days. At the time of his death, 
he had for 8 years been the Paris corresp. of 
the .V. Y. Ill mid. He possessed extensive ac- 
quirements, and was a frequent contrib. to the 
leading magazines of Europe and America. 

Buford, CoL. Aubaham, Uevol. officer of 
Va. ; d. Scott Co., Ivy., June 29, l8-i3. Made 
col. of Morgan's UtliVa. regt.. May 16, 1778. 
May 29, 1780, his com. was surprised and mas- 
sacred by Col. Tarleton at Waxhaw Creek. 

Buford, Joiix, maj.-gen. U. S. vols., b. 
Kv., 1825; d. Washington, D. C, Dec. 16, 
1863. West Point, 1848. Entering the 1st 
Dragoons, he became capt. Mar. 9, 1859; 
served in the Utah exped. ; became insp.-gen., 
rank of major, Nov. 12, 1861 ; was attached to 
the staff of Gen. Pope in the Avmy of Va., 
June 26, 1862 ; brig. -gen. July 27, 1862 ; coin, 
a brigade of cavalry under (jen. Hooker, and 
early in Aug. 1862, was so severely wounded 
near the Kappahannock River, that he was re- 
ported dead. He served on McClellan's staff 
at the battle of Antietam. Assigned to the 
com. of the reserve cavalry brigade, he was con- 
spicuous in many engagements, and began the 
attack at Gettysburg before the arrival of Rey- 
nolds. He was Gen. Burnside's chief of caval- 
ry, and was one of the best officers in that 
branch of the service. He had been assigned 
to the com. of the Army of the Cumberland 
ju.^^t bcfory his death. Gen. N. B. Buford was 
hi- hall-bro. 

Buford, Napoleon Bonaparte, brev. 
maj. gen. vols., half-bro. of Gen John, b. Wood- 
ford Co.. Ky., Jan. 13, 1807. West Point, 
1827. Entering the 3d Art., he was employed 
in various survevs ; obtained leave in 1831 to 
enter the Law School of H.U. In 1833, he 
was assist, prof, cf nat. philos. at West Point. 



Resigning in 1835, he was engaged in the pub- 
lic improvements of Ky. until 1842. In 1843, 
he removed to Rock Island, III., where he was 
a merchant, an ironfounder, and banker. Col. 
27th 111. Vols., Aug. 1861, he com the troops 
that aecomp. the gunboat flotilla to Colum- 
bus and Island No. Ten ; captured Union 
City, March 30, 1862, and became brig.-gen. 
vols., April 15, 1862 ; in the battle of Corinth, 
Oct. 3-4, 1862, and siege of Vicksburg, Feb. 
1863; brev. maj.-gen. vols., 13 Mar. 1865; 
special US com. Indian affitirs in 1867. 

Bulfllich, Charles, architect, b. Aug. 8, 
1763; d. Boston, April 15, 1844. H.U. 1781. 
Son of Dr. Thos. He acquired by travel in 
Europe a cultivated taste, and a knowledge of 
architectural science. 'ihe primitive condi- 
tion of this country had occasioned a total neg- 
lect of art ; and, on his return from Europe in 
1786, he devoted himself to architecture as a 
profession. He drew the plan for the State 
House and City Hall in Boston, and for the 
Capitol at Washington. He was a memberof 
the Amer. Acad, of Arts and Sciences, and of 
the Mas-^. Hurtic. Society. 

Bulflnch, SxiiPHEN Greesleaf, D.D., 
clergvman ami author, b. Boston, June 18, 
1809'; d. Cambridge, Oct. 12,1870. Col. Coll. 
D.C. 1826. At the age of 9, he was taken by 
his father, Charles, architect of the Capitol, to 
Washington. After studying at the Camb. 
Div. School, he was from 1830 to 1837 a Uni- 
tarian clergyman at Augusta, Ga. He next 
kept school, and preached at Pittsburg, Pa., 
and was similarly engaged at Washington, 
D.C, for 6 years. In 1845, he was settled at 
Nashua, N.H., audin 1852 removed to Boston. 
He pub., " Contemplations of the Saviour," 
1832; a vol of poems, Charleston, S.C., 1834; 
'■ The Holy Land," 1834 ; " Lays of the Gos- 
pel," 1835; a devotional vol., "Communion 
Thoughts," 1852 ; " The Harp and the Cross," 
1857, with several sermons, and contributions 
to the magaiines. He wfis a contrib. to the 
coll. of Unitarian hvmns in use by that de- 
nomination. — Diiyckinck. 

Bulflnch, Thomas, author, b. Boston, 
July 15, 1796 ; d. there May 27, 1867. H.U. 
1814. He was in mercantile business until 
1 837 ; and during the rest of his life was a clerk 
in the Boston Merchant's Bank. He pub. in 
1855 " The Age of Fable ; " " Age of Chivalry," 
185S; " Legends of Charlemagne," "Poetry 
of the Age of Fable," " Oregun and Eldorado, 
or Romance of the Rivers," " Hebrew Lyrical 
Ilistoiy," 1853, and " The Boy Inventor," 
1860. 

Bulkley, Petek, first minister of Con- 
cord, .Ms., b. Odell, Bedfordshire, Eng., Jan. 
31, 1583 ; d. Concord, Mar. 9, 1659. Ue was 
educatcil at Cambridge U., and succeeded to tha 
living of his father. Dr. Edward, retaining it 
21 years. Removed by Laud for nonconform- 
ity, he came to Cambridge in 1635, and in 
16.'J6, with a few companions, founded Con- 
cord, Ms., where he afterward resided. Author 
of some Latin pucuis contained in Cotton 
JIather's " History of N.E.," and also of tha 
"Gospel Covenant Opened," London, 1646; 
and an elegy on Rev. Thos. Hooker. He 
was as remarkable for benevolence and kiod 



BI7L 



140 



BiT^sr 



dealinf:, as for strict virtae. Edwasd his son 
succet-Jed him in the pastoral charge ai Con- 
cor>i. 

Bull, HLSRT.one of the original purchasers 
and si'itlers of Aquidncck, now R.I.. b Sooth 
Wales, in 1609; d. 1693. After a short resi- 
dence in Ms., whither he had emigrate>I, he 
joined himself with 17 others, who purchased 
land and settled at Xewport in 163S. He was 
gov. of the new colonv in 16$j, and again in 
16S9. 

Bull, Ole Bobseji.vss, Xonregian violin- 
ist, h. Ber,^;n, ISIO. He studied under Spohr ; 
went to Paris, whet* he was so destitute as to 
be on the piiint of committing suicide, when he 
was relie\'ed b_v a laiir of rank. Brillianih- 
sncoessful in the European capitals, he came 
in 1S4J to .Vmerica. He bought 1 20,000 acres 
of land in P.I., where he foumied a Swedish 
colony, to which he gave the name of Oieona. 

Bull, \ViLU.m, M.O., physician, b. 1714; 
d. London, Jalv A, 1791. Son of \Vm, Bull, 
licut.-gov. of S. C. (173S-43), several ve;irs 
speaker of the assembly, son of Stephen Ijull, 
one of the early settlers jf Carolina, and sur- 
veyor-gen., who d. in March, 1755, a. 72. A 
pupil of Boerhaare, he. in 1735, defended a the- 
sis before the U. of LcvJen, and was quoted 
by his-fellow student. Van Swieten, as the 
learned Dr. Bull. After his return to America, 
he was in 1751 a member of the council; in 
1763 speaker of the hou>e of repnesentaiives, 
and in 1764 lieut.-gov. of S.C., which office, 
with that of com.-in-chief, he held many years. 
Faithful to the crown in 1776, when the 
British troops left S.C. in 17S2, he accomp. 
them to Eng. 

Bullard, Hen-rt Ad aus, jurist, b. Groton, 
Ms., Sept. 9, I7SS; d. New Orleans, Apr. 17, 
1S51. H.U. 1S07. The son of a minister of 
Peppercll. He practised law, and became 
connected in Phila. with Gen. Toledo, who 
was organizing an exped. to rcvolutioniie Xew 
Mexico. Joining him as aide and military sec., 
they were deteatevi in the spring of 1812, at 
San Antonio, and. after suffering sever* hard- 
ships, he tx'ached Xatchitocbcs. and opened a 
Ltwoflice thete. He was raiseil to the bench 
of the Hist. Court in 1S22, was M.C. in ISol- 
4 ; judge of the Supreme Court of La., from 
IS34 to IJ46, with the exception of a few 
months in 1S39. when he acted as sec of State. 
Removing to Xcw Orieans, he was in I $47 
app. prof of civil law in the law school of 
La., and delivered two courses of lectures. In 
1S50, he was chosen to the legisl.. and was 
M.C. in 1550-1. His most elaborate speech 
was on the taritf-MU, in 1S32. 

Bullions, Petkr, D.D. (XJ. CoU.lS37), 
clergvman and oiucator, b. Moss Side, near 
Perth, Scotland, Dec. 1791 ; d. Troy. X.Y., Feb. 
13, 1S64. In his youth, he worked on his father's 
form, and attcnJeil school ; spent three years 
at the C of E<linburgh ; stndie<1 thi-olog)- fijur 
years, sustaininjj himself by teaching during 
"vacations ; was lioensoil to preach by the pres- 
bytery of Edinbuivh. in .lune. 1S17, and then 
married, and came to the U.S. In March, 
ISIS, he was or\l. pastor at Argyle, X.Y., and, 
from Nov. IS24 until 1S4S, was prof, of lan- 
guages at the Albany Acad. From ISSS to 



1852, he pi«ached at Troy. He then visited 
Europe, and. after his return, resumed his pas- 
torate over the Unitol Presbyterians. He was 
an able preacher and instructor, and prepared a 
vcrv complete series of cla>^ical lext-liuoks, 
which are estensivelv use,l ; anion:; them are, 
" Practical Lessons in English Grammar and 
Comiiosiiion ; " " Principles of English Gram- 
mar. ■ 1834 ; ■' Introduction to Analyti -al Eng- 
lish Grammar ; " " Analytical and Practical 
English Grammar," 1350; "Progressive Ex- 
ercises iu Analysis and Parking ; " " Latin 
Grammar," "Latin Reader." and "Exercises;" 
" Caesar," " Sallnst," and '• Cicero," with 
notes; " Latin-English Dictionary, with Syno- 
nymes ; " " First Lessons in Greek," " Gram- 
mar," and " Reader ; " " Memoir of Rev. 
Alex. Bullions." 

Bullitt, .\LEi.*>-DER ScOTT, Statesman of 
Kv., b. Prince William Co., Va., 1761 ; d. 
JeSerson Co., Ky., April 13, 1816. Nephew 
of Capt. Thomas, an early explorer of Ky., 
and dep. adj.-gen. in Va. in 1776 : founder 
of Louisville, Ky. ; served under Washin;:ton 
on the frontier, and was at Bra (dock's defeat. 
His father, Cuthbert. was judge of the Supreme 
Court of Va. at his death in 1790. The son em- 
igrated to Ky. in 1 7S4 ; m. the dau. of Col. Wm. 
Christian in 1785 ; was a delegate to the ConsL 
Conv. of 1792 ; pres. of the Ky. senate until 
1799, when he was pres. of the convention to 
amend the State Constitution ; lieut.-gov. in 
ISOO— t ; again in the legi,~l. until 180S — C(J- 

Btlllock, AI.EX. H-miLTOX, LL.D. (H. 
U. 1866t.gov. of Ms. 1866-9, b. Rovalston, 
Ms., March 2, 1816. Amh. Coll. 1836. Adm. to 
the bar. 1841 ; member Ms. legisl. 1845, "7, '8, 
'61-2: mayor of Worcester, 1859; State sen- 
ator, 1 849 ; com. of insolvency, 1853 ; judge of 
insolv. 1856-^. He has pub. several addresses 
and speeches. 

Blillock, ABcniB-H-D, Revol. patriot of 
Ga., b. Charleston, S.C; d. Feb. 1777. He 
w.^s a delegate from Ga. to t!ie Congress at 
Phila. in 1775, and June 20, 1776, was chosen 
pres. of the Exec. Council of Ga.. the first posi- 
tion in the State, which jwsi he filled until the 
form.'Uion of the State Constitution. Feb. 5, 
1777. His son William B.. lawyer, mayor of 
Savannah in 1809, and L".S. senator in 1813, 
d. S.iv. 6 Mar. 1852. a. 76. 

Bullock, Win.iAM,puh. "Virginia Impar- 
tially Kxamined." Lond., 1849. 

Bumstead, Freeman Josiah, M.D. 
(1851), physician and author, b. Boston, Apr. 
21, 1826. "Wms. Coll. 1847. He studied at 
Paris in 1852, and then settled in practice in 
Xew-York City. He was some years surgeon 
to St. Luke's Hospital, and is now (1870) sur- 
geon to the Eye and Ear Infirmary, and to the 
Ch.irity Hospital. BLickwellV Island. During 
the session of 1866-7. he was lecturer on ma- 
teria medica at the Co'!, of Physicians and Sur- 
ge^jns, X.Y.. and is now prof, of vtaerciJ dis- 
cuses there. He pub. a translation of Ricord's 
Notes to Hnnter on Venereal. 18.^4 ; "Pa- 
thology and Treatment of Venereal Diseases," 
1861, and a translation of Cnllcrier's /rono- 
gnjiJiie d'S MdlatHtf I'fu., 1S67. 

Bunch, SAMCEt,col., b, 17S6; d. Granger 



BXrX 



141 



BXTR 



Co., Tcnn., Sept. 5, 1S49. He com. a resrt. of 
Tenn. moanted panmen, in 1SI3. under Jack- 
son, and iras disiinfr. in the attack on the 
Creek Indians at Hilliheetoim, Not. IS. 1513; 
M.C. l$o!.-3-:. 

Buncombe, Col. Rich.ikd, Revol. offi- 
cer, b. St. Kiitj, \V.I. ; d. PhiliL, 1777, from 
wounds ."i! the b.ittle of Brandywino. Edu- 
cated in I'.ryz.. he inherited a larje estate ; re- 
moved in 1776 to Tvrrell Co.. X.C. : w.is an 
active patriot, and raised and com. the 5th X. 
C. rcgt. A county of N. C. perpetuates his 
n.^mo. 

Burbank, Sidset, brev. brig.-<ren. U.S. 
A., son of Liout.-Col. Sullivan, b. >Is. West 
Point, 1S29. Entering the 1st Inf., he served 
in the Black Hawk and Seminole Indian wars ; 
capt. S Nov. IS.'JO ; maj. 2d Inf., S Dec. lSo5 ; 
licnt.-col. l.lth Inf.. 14 Mav, 1S61 ; col. 2d Inf., 
16 Sept. 1S62 ; com. brigade of rejrulars in the 
Rap^iahanno-.'k campaign, and in battles of 
Chancol'.orsnlle and Gv't;;.'sburg, for which he 
was brev. hri^.-aen. U.S.A. 13 M.v. IS65. — 
CniJum. 

Borbeck. Ges. Hesrt, Revol. officer, b. 
Boston, June S. 1754 : d. Xew London. CK-t. 2, 
1S4S. Ilis father was an officer at Castle VTU- 
liim. la 1 776, he was made a lieut.; capt. of art. 
Sept. 12, 1777. and continocd in active service 
until the close of the war. when he received the 
brev. of major. He participated in the battles 
of Brandrwinc and (jermantown, as well as in 
the terrible priv.^tions and snfierings of Valler 
For^ ; sharod the perils of the memorable 
retreat throvurh X. J., and was present at 
the battle of .Monmouth. In 1 7S6, he again 
entered the service with the rank of capt., and 
was actively engaged for several years in the 
Indian war on our western bonier, under Gen. 
Wayne. Maj. com. art. Xov. 4, 1791 ; Uent.- 
col."May 7, r79S: col. art. Apr. 1, 1S02: and 
brev. bri^.-gen. Sept. 10, 1313; retired 1S13. — 
Gfxfaj. AVj. iii., 101. 

Burdeh, Hexrt, inventor, b. Dtunblane, 
Scotland. 20 Apr. 1791 ; d. Troy. X.Y., 19 Jan. 
1871. Brought up on his father's farm, his 
inventive faculty was lirst tested on a threshing- 
machine. After a thorongh course of scientific 
study at Edinburgh, he came, in 1S19, to the 
C. S.: made an improved plough ; in 1 $20 in- 
vented the first CTtltivatOT used in America; 
patented a machine for making wrought-iron 
spikes in 1S25, and in IS35 a machine for 
making horse-shoes. In 1^3, he patented his 
hook-h-.^cd spike, now nsed npon every rail- 
rjad. In 1 S22. he l>ccame agent of the Troy 
Iron and Xail Factory. These works he 
gix.itly enlarged, and was finally sole propri- 
etor. He was much inttsested in ocean navi- 
panon. 

Burges, Tiust.vm. LL.D., orator and jn- 
rist, b. KiK-hester, >L*., Feb. 26, 1770: d. Prov- 
idence. R.I., Oct. 13, 1SJ3. B. r. 1796. Like 
his faihor. he was both a farmer and a cooper, 
and. thouc-h his early edncation was limited, he 
sought knowlolge with avidity. He taught 
school in Providence ; was in 1 799 admitted to 
the R.I. l>ar : rose to the bead of the profession, 
and became a leader of the Federal party ; in 
ISll entered the State legisl.: became chief-jns- 
ticc of -Jbe Supreme Court of Bl in 1$15, and 



was soon after app. prof, of oratory and belles 
lettns in B. C, retirmg in 1825. M. C. 1S25- 
35. His speeches, and his famous p;isS3ae- 
at-anns with John R^indolph. showed that ne 
w.as able to contend successfully \vith the ablest 
debiiters in Congress. His stjle was ornate and 
peculiar, rich in classical and scripmnU illus- 
tration. He was an acute log-cian, and un- 
equiilled in sarcasm. A Memoir, with selections 
from his speeches and occ;isional w-ritings, by 
Henry L. Bowen. was pub. in 1SS3, and aii- 
other'in 1^69. He pub. " Battle of Lake Erie, 
with Xoiioes of Com. Elliot's Conduct," 1S39. 

Burgess, Ebexezer, D.D.. Cong, clergy- 
man, b. WaR'ham. Ms., 1 Apr. 1790; d. Ded- 
h.im, Ms.. 5 Dec.. 1S70. B.C. 1S09. He was 
tutor at B.U., and afterwards a prof, in Vt. U. 
One of the fotmders of the colony of Liberia in 
I SI 7. Studied theology at Andovcr and Prince- 
ton, and was ord. pastor at Dedham in Mar. 
1 S2l . Author of " The Dedham Pulpit," 1 S46, 
and "The Burgess Genealogy. " 1S65. 

Burgess, George. D.t)'.. Prot.-Ep. bishop 
of Me., h. Piovidenee, R. I., Oct. 31, 1S09; 
d. on the passage home from the West Indies, 
Apr. 23, 1S66. B. U. 1S26. Son of Jud« 
Thotnas Btirgess. He w;is a tutor in B. iJ., 
afterwards travelled in Europe, and studied two 
years in the Universities of Gottingen. Bonn, 
and Berlin. He was rector of Christ Church, 
Harnord. ftom IS.'U to 1S47, when he was 
consec. bishop of Maine (Oct. 31 ), and became 
at the same time rector of Christ Cbuteh. Gar- 
diner. His death was verv sudden. He had 
been establishing an Episcopal mission in 
Hayti. and was on his way from Migro.am to 
Port An Prince, when he was seized with pa- 
ralvsis, and died instantly. He pub. two aca- 
demic poems, a metrical version of some of tha 
Psalms, 1 S40, " Pages from the Ecclesiastical 
History of Xew England," a curious treatise 
on death, entitled " The Last Enemy, Con- 
quering and Conquered," 1S31, a vol. of " Ser- 
mons on the Christian Life." and a discourse 
in 1S54 before the Me. Hist. Society. His 
style is remarkable for its vigor. In the house 
of bishops, he occupied a prominent position 
as the leader of the moderate church partj'. — 
S^f MfjJioi^, ly his hro.. Rev. AJ^x. Bujyess. 

Burgoyne, Jobs, a British gen. and 
dramatist, b. 1730; d. Lond., 4 Aug. 1792. 
Xatural son of Lord Bingley, he was liberally 
educated, entered the army at an early aae. and 
m. clandestinely a dau. of the Eari of l^erbv, 
who subsequently helped him to rise in lus 
profession. Brig.-«?n. of the force sent for the 
defence of Porrugal in 1 762, and at Alcantara 
and at 'Villa Franca manifested . skill and en- 
terprise. May 25, 1775, he arrived at Boston, 
and. June 25. wrote a graphic account of the 
battle of Bunker's Hill to Lord Stanley, which 
was pub. in the newspapers of the day. Gen. 
Lee. his old comrade in Portugal' having 
opened a corrcsp. with him, indicating the 
Americans, Bnr^ync replied, and projwsed an 
interview, which, tiowevvr, did not take place. 
He rerumed home 1 1 Dec. 1776, concerted with 
the ministry a plan for the campaign of 1 777, 
and was made a lieut.-gen. A large force was 
to proceed toward Albany from Canada by 
way of the Lakes ; while another lar;ge body 



BXJR 



142 



advanced up the Hudson in order to cut off 
communication between the northern and 
southern Colonies, in the exiwctntion, that each 
beinj; left to itself would be subdued with little 
trouble. Arrivint; in Canada early in 1""", he 
issued a ]>roelaniati(in in June, inviting the 
Indians to his standard, and captured Ticon- 
{lerojra, with all its artillery and stores, July 6 ; 
hut the natural ditMeiilties of the country, the 
inclemency of the weather, and the scarcity of 
provi>ions", retarded his advance, and enabled 
the Americans, under Gen. Gates, to concen- 
trate a superior force in Ids front. A battle was 
fought at Stillwater, 19 Sept., and another at 
Freeman's Farm, 7 Oct.; and 16 Oct. 1777, he 
was com]H;llcd to capitulate at Saratoga with 
his whole army. Returning to Kng. in May, 
1778, he in vain solicited a court-martial, 
but ably vindicated himself in parliament, 
and, joining the oppo.sition, was in 1779 dis- 
missed the senice. (Jn the change of ministry 
in 1782, he was restored to his rank, and app. 
eom.-in-ehicf in Ireland. In 1780, he pub. a 
narrative of his ex])cd. and the prcx-cedings at 
his trial before a committee of parliament. As 
a dramatist, he is liest known by his comedy of 
" The Heiress," and •' The Lord of the Manor," 
a comic opera. His plays and poems were 
coll. and pub. in two vols', 1808. Burgovne's 
" Orderlv IJook," edited bv E. B. O'Callaghan, 
was jnib" by Munsell, ^Ubany, 1860. 

Blirkei ^TCdancs, jurist, b. G.ilway, Ire- 
land, 174t ; d. Charleston, S.C, Mar. 30^ 1802. 
Educated at St. Omer's for a priest, he visited 
the West Indies, came thence to S. C, and 
was a vol. in the struggle for independence. 
A la^vj'er by profession, he was in 1778 app. a 
judge' of the State Supreme Court ; sen-ed 
again in the army in 1 780-82 ; resumed his seat 
on the bench ; jf.C. 1789-91 ; was many years 
in the State legisl., and a short time before his 
death became chancellor of S.C. He zealously 
oi)posed the establishment of the Society of the 
Cincinnati ; against the aristocratic features of 
which he wrote a famotis pamphlet, subse- 
quently translate<l by JUrabeau, and used by 
hiiu with great etlect durinu' the French Revol. 
He ojiposeil the Federal Ccmstitution, fearing 
consolidated power. Judi;e Burke was emi- 
nent for wit and eccentricity. 

Burke, Edmund, statesman and orator, b. 
Dublin, 1 Jan. 17.30; d. 9 July, 1797. The 
son of a prominent Dublin attorney. He grad. 
at Trinity Coll. 1748; studied law; pub. in 
1756 his "Vindication of Natural Society," 
and the essay on " The Sublime and Beauti- 
ful ; " in 1757, "An Account of the European 
Settlements in America," and, in 1758-9, es- 
tablished with Dodsley The Aimiial Reqister. 
In 176 1-3, he was the friend and adviser of \Vm. 
Gerard Hamilton, see. to the lord-lieut. of Ire- 
land, and in 1765-6 was sec. to the prime-min- 
ister, Rockingham, and entered parliament 14 
Jan. 1766. He took an active part in the dis- 
cussion of American questions, and proved 
himself an able and eloq\ient speaker. His 
thorough acquaintance with American affairs 
was rewarded, in Xov. 1771, by the app. of 
agent for the Colony of N.Y. April 19, 1774, 
be made a speech on American taxation, con- 
sidered by many as the greatest effort ( f ora- 



tory ever heard in the House of Commons. 
His st)eech of Mar. 22, 1775, recommending 
conciliatory measures towards the Colonies, 
also excited general admiration. Ucturned 
from Bristol in 1774, he lost popularity in that 
city in 1780, by advocating the claims of tlie 
Roman Catholics, and op|)osin'_' the policy of 
repressing the trade of Ireland, and was after- • i 
ward the representative of Malton. During Ij 
Rockingham's brief administration in 1782, II 
Burke was a privy councillor and paymaster ii 

of the forces, a ])lace he also held under the 
"Coalition" ministry in 178.3. He took a 

Srominent part in the affairs of India, and, in 
an. 1786, began the prosecution of Warren 
Hastings. His speech on the openim; of Hast- 
ings's trial, 10 Feb. 1788, was worthy of the oc- 
casion and of his great reputation. Though 
the impeachment of Hastings was not carried, 
the herculean labors of Burke in behalf of 
India were not fruitless. In Xov. 1790, ha 
pub. his great work in opposition to the French 
Revolution, entitled " Reflections on the Rev- 
olution in France." May 6. 1791, an open 
rupture took place lietwccn Burke and Fox, 
who accused him of abandoning the principles 
of his party. Burke vindicated himself in his 
"Appeal from the New to the Old Whigs." In 
1796, he wrote his " loiter to a Noble Lonl," 
one of the most successful and popular of all 
the productions of his pen. As a statesman, 
a thinker, or an orator, he was without an 
equal. — See Lives of Burke, hi/ Prior, BisstI, 
ilcCormid.; Croh/, and P. Burke. 

Burke, Edmund, lawyer, b. Westminster, 
Vt., Jan. 2.3, 1809 ; admitted to the bar in 
1829; removed to N. H. in 18.33, and estab- 
lished, and for many years edited, in Sullivan 
Co., the y. II. Arqus. M.C. 18.39-45 ; U. S. 
corar. of patents, 1845-50. He pub. a pam- 
phlet, " The Protective Svstcm Considered," 
1846. 

Burke, John Dalt, historian, b. Ireland ; 
killed in a duel with Felix Coqucbert in conse- 
quence of a political dispute, April 11, 1808. 
Trin. Coll., Dublin. He cmiirralcd to Ameri- 
ca in 1796, conducted a daily paper for a short 
time at Boston (1796-7), and afterwards at 
N\'.. where he was arrested under the sedition 
law. He afterwards removed to l'etcrsburtr,Va., 
where he practised law, and wrote his history. 
He was made the master of ceremonies at the 
Boston Theatre; pub. " Bunker's Hill." a tra- 
gedy ; " Bethlein Gabor," an historical drama, 
1803; an oration delivered March 4, 1808; 
" History of the Late War in Ireland," Phila., 
8vo, 1799 ; and a history of Virginia from its 
first settlement to 1804, in 3 vols., of which an 
additional vol. was pub. in 1816, the joint pro- 
duction of Messrs. Jones and Girardin. A 
Memoir of Burke, by C. Campbell, was pub. 
1868. 

Burke, Thomas, Revol. patriot, and gov. 
of N.t'.. b. Irelaml, ab. 1747 ; d. Hillsborou.di, 
Dec. 2, 1783. Son of Ulick Bnrke of Gal- 
way. He left Ireland ab. 1764, and resided 
some years in Aceomnc Co.,Va.,cnL'agcd in the 
study and |uactice of medicine. He next stu- 
died law, and removed to Norfolk, and in 1774 
to Hillsborough, N.C. Of a bold and impetu- 
ous teini)er, a ready writer and speaker, he 



BUR 



143 



BUR 



became one of the leading spirits in the Revol. 
contest. His writings in opposition to the 
Stamp Act ilrew liim into notice ; and he had a 
lar:;e share in (he formation of tlie constitution 
of X C. Member of tlie Prov. Congress at 
Halifax in 1776, and a volunteer at the battle 
of IJraiidvwine. He was an efficient and active 
niemlier of Congress from Dee. 1776, until his 
election as gov. in the early part of 1781. In 
Sept. of that year, he was surprised and seized 
by the Tories,and retained at James Island, S.C., 
as a prisoner on parole. Obnoxious to the To- 
ries from his previous course, he was in daily 
apprehension of assassination, to escape which, 
after having endeavored unsuccessfully to obtain 
an exchange, or a parole to some other State, 
he effected his escape in the night of Jan. 16, 
I'Si, after an imprisonment of 4 months. 
Kcgularly e.\chaiiged soon after, he was at lib- 
erty to return home, and resumed hisgovt.; but, 
at the next ensuing session of the legisl., he 
voluntarily retired from public life. 

Burke, C.vpt. Willuji, oI' Boston, app., 
in Nov. 177.), to com. one of the first 4 vessels 
of the American navy ; d. Western Ms., May 
24, 17S7, a. 40. 

Bui'leigh, William Henrt, poet, b. 
Woodstock. Ct., Feb. 2, 1812; d. Brooklvn, 
N.Y., 18 Mar. 1871. Rinaldo, his father", a 
popular and successful teacher ( Y. Coll. lStJ.3), 
died Plaintield, Ci.. 10 Feb. 1863, a. 89. 
Bred on a farm, at 16 he became apprentice to 
a clothier, then to a village printer, afterwards 
labored in various places as a joftrneyman 
printer, and finally as editor. He had charge 
of the IMiriirif journal at Schenectadv, the 
Chilslinn Witness at Pittsburg, the Charter 
Out at Hartford, and the Wtishinijton Banner, 
in which ]iapers, and in others, he produced 
many sliort poems, a coll. of which was pub. 
in 1840. Mr. Burleigh also took an active 
])art in various religious and social movements, 
and was well known as a lecturer upon anti- 
slavery. Celia M. Burleigh, his widow, is 
known as a graceful writer and an eloquent 
lecturer. His mother was descended from Gov. 
Bradford. Charles C, George S., and Lucien 
B'irleiL.'h,all (listing, as writers or speakers, are 
hi- brothers. 

Burlingame, Anson, LL.D., statesman 
anil diplomatist, b. New Berlin. Chenango Co., 
N.V., Nov. 14, 1822; d. St Petersburg, Feb. 
23, 1870. H. U. 1846. His youth was spent 
on the Western frontiers, surveying and par- 
ticipating in the making of Indian treaties far 
beyoi((l the confines of civilization. He laid 
the foundation of his education at the Branch 
U. of Michigan. Stndic<l law. and practised in 
Boston ; was a member of the State senate in 
1S52 ; a member of the convention for revis- 
ing the State constitution in 18.J3; M.C. from 
Boston, l.'*.')6-61; minister to Auslria.lSGl, and 
subsequently to China, 1861-7. From 1867 
until his death, he was in the employ of the 
Chinese Govt., negotiating treaties with foreign 
powers. He was an eloquent and effective po- 
iitiral speaker. 

Burnaby, Asdrew, an English divine, b. 
1732 at Asfordby, Leccistershire ; d. Mar. 9, 
1812. Educated at Westmin. and Camb. (M. 
A. 1757) and in 1776 pub. " Travels throujjh 



the Middle Settlements of North America, in 
1759-60." In 1786, he was preferred to the 
archdeaconry of Leicester. Ho also wrote a 
vol. of sermons, and a journal of a tour to 
Corsica in 1766, 8vo. 

Burnap, George W., D.D. (1849), Uni- 
tarian cicrgvman and author, b. Merrimack, 
X.H., Xuv. 30. 1802; d. Phila., Sept. 8, 1859. 
H.U. 1824. Son of Rev. Jacob Burnap, ord. 
pastor in Baltimore, Apr. 23, 1828. Forcible 
and impressive in the pulpit, he was character- 
ized also by his sturdy integrity and inde- 
pendent frankness. Among his pubs, are 
"Lectures to Young Men," 1840; "On the 
History of Christianity," 1842; "On the 
Sphere anil Duty of Woman," 1840; "Life 
of Lemuel Culvert " in "Sparks's Am. Biog.," 
1844; "Popular Objections to Unitarian 
Christianity considered and answered," 1848 j 
"Expository Lectures on the Bible," 1845; 
" Leetnres on the Doctrines of Controversy 
between Unitarians and Other Denominations 
of Christians," 1835 ; a vol of " Miscella- 
nies," and a " Biography of Henry A. Ingalls," 
1845; in 1850, 20 discourses " On the Recti- 
tude of Human Nature," and, in 1 855, " Chris- 
tianity, its Essence and Evidence," the most 
compendious statement of the biblical theology 
of the author's school of Unitarianism ; and 
occasional addresses and discourses. 

Burnet, Jacob, LL.D., jurist, son of Dr. 
W. B., b. Newark, N.J., Feb. 22, 1770; d. 
Cincinnati, April 27, 1853. N.J. Coll. 1791. 
He studied law in the office of Judge Boudinot, 
and was adm. to the bar in 1796. He then re- 
moved to Cincinnati, where be became disting. 
In 1 799, he was app. to the legisl. council of 
the territory, continuing until the formation 
of a State govt. In 1812, ho was a member 
of the State legisl., w.as a judge of the Su- 
preme Court of Ohio in 1821-8, and in 1828- 
31, U.S. senator. He was soon after chosen by 
the legisl. of Ky. a commis. to adjust some ter- 
ritorial disputes with Va. ; took a leading part 
in the establisbment of the Lancastrian Acad, 
of Cin., and of the Cin. Coll., of which he was 
the first pres. ; was active in re-organizing the 
Med. Coll. of Ohio, over which he several years 
presided. A delegate to the Harris!>urg con- 
vention in 1839, he was mainly instrumental 
in securing the nomination of Harrison to the 
I'resideucy. He was the first pres. of the Col- 
onization Soc. of Cin., also of the Astron. 
Society, and at the instance of Lafayette, the 
friend of his father and of his bro. Maj. Bur- 
net, was elected a member of the French Acad, 
of Sciences. His efforts in 1821 to alleviate 
the distress felt by the purchasers of Western 
lands, on account of indebtedness to govt, 
which they were wholly unable to pay, result- 
ed in an act of Congress granting relief to the 
entire West, raising them from a state of de- 
pression, which, had it been continued, must 
have produced distressing results. In 1847, he 
pub. a vol., entitled " Notes on the Early Set- 
tlement of the Northern Territory." — Lan- 

Burnett, D.ivto G., b. Newark, N.J., 
April 4, 178'J; d. Galveston, Texas, Dec. .5, 
1870. He entered a counting-house in N.Y.; 
joined Gen. Miranda's cxped. in 1806; in 1817, 



BUB 



144 



Bmt 



became a mcrchiint in Xstchitoches, La., after- 
ward readied Ijw in Cincinnati ; emi^. to Texas 
in I S26 ; was a member of the San i\'lipe Con- 
vention in 1 83.) ; app. judge of thv miinicipalitr 
of Austin in IS'U, and. when Santa Aaa as- 
sumed dictatorial powers in lS-36. became prvs. 
ad interim of the incipient republic. He was 
afterward chosen vice-pres., and lived in re- 
tirement, near the battle-field of San Jacinto. 
Chosen U. S. senator from Texas after the 
Rebellion. Congress refused to admit him. 

Burnett, A'aldo Ikving, M.D. (IS49), 

natimilist and microscopist, b. Southborough, 
Ms.. July 12, 1S2S; d. Boston, July 1, 1S34. 
He early be<nin the study of entomology; 
studied medicine under his father, who was a 

f)hysician; and visited Europe. During the 
as't 5 yejirs of his liii;. and while sufiering from 
consumption, he accomplished a great share of 
intellccrual labor, the results of which may be 
found in various scientific periodicals. His 
principal work was the Prize Essay on " The 
Cell, Its Physiology, Pathology, and Philos- 
ophy. " He was last engaged in translating 
fpoiii the German the " Comparative Anatomy 
of Siebold and Stannios." 

Burnett, WiLu.m, a colonial gov., b. at 
the Hague. Mar. I6S*; d. Boston. Sept. T. 1729. 
Son of Bishop Bumcn. he had for a godfather 
William of Orange. Involved pecuniarily by 
the " South Sea " specul.ition. he accepted the 
govts, of X. T. ana X. J. to retrieve his foi^ 
tunes. He had previously been a comptroller 
of the costoms. Arriviug in X. Y. 19 Sept. 
1720. his administration was popular until the 
passace of an act prohibiting the sale to the 
French of goods proper to "the Indian trade. 
Some of his decrees as chancellor also gave dis- 
satisfaction : and. on the accession of George II., 
he was transferred to the govts, of Ms. and X.H. 
He arrived in Boston in July, 172S.and at once 
became nnpopnl.ir by insisting upon a dxi'd 
salary. He Nvas majestic in stature, frank in 
manner, possessed a ready wit, and shone in con- 
versation. He pub. astron. observations in the 
Trims, of the Roy. Soc., and in 1724 an essay 
on Scriptnre prophecies. 

Burnett, ""iliiam, phvsician and patriot, 
b. Elizabeth. X J., Dec. 13."l730; d. Newark, 
XJ.. Oct. 7, 1791. X.J. Coll. 1749. He held 
at different times various offices in the State 
gon. : w;is a member of Congr>.>ss in 17?0-;51, 
and was chief phi-sician and snrjixin in an im- 
portant section of the army during the Revol. 
■war. He sufleivd much in property by the dep- 
iwiations of the enemy, who carriij off his 
large and valuable library. He was a skilftil 
and sncct^ssful physician of extensive practice. 
Jud:K Jacob B. of Cincinnati was his son. — 

Bumham, Hiram, brig. -gen. vols., b. Me.; 
killed at Chaflins Farm, Sept. 29. 1S64. He 
entered the service as col. 6th Me. regt., be- 
haved gallantly through the peninsular cam- 
piign, at Antietam. Fredericksbnnr. and Gettys- 
onrvr; brig.-gen. April. IS64. Conspicuous In 
all tne c;\rap;ugn from the Wilderness to Peters- 
burg. He com. a brigade in Stannard's div. 
ISth corps. 

Bums, William W. brev. bris.-sen. TJ. 
S. A., b. O., ab. 1S27. West Point, 1*47. En- 



tering the 5th Inf.. he Uxame 1st lieut. Aug 
1 2, 1 850, and in Jan. 1 S59, relinquished rau 
in the line, bein^ made a capt. in toe subsistence 
dcpt. 5Iaj. and com. sub>istence, 3 Aug. 1S61 ; 
bng.-gcn. vols. Sept. 28, 1861; served in the 
Army of the Potomac: was wounde>d in one 
of tthe battles before Richmond, and Xov. 2, 
1 862, took com. of a div. in the army corps of 
Gen. Wilcox ; participated in the battle of 
Fredericksbni^; maj.-gen. vols. 29 Mar. 1S62; 
resigned March 20, 1863; brev. lieut.-col. 
CS.A. 29 June, 1862, for Savage Station; 
brev. col. 30 June, 1 862. for Glendale, and biisv. 
brig.-gen. U.S.V. 13 Mar. 1865, for merit, ser- 
vices in the Rebellion. — Ch'/uhi. 

Bumside, Ambbose Everett, maj.-gen. 
vols., b. Liberty. Ind., May 23, 1824. West 
Point, 1S47. His grandparents came from 
Scotland near the close of the lastcentorr, and 
settled in SO. Entering the 3d Art., he 
marched in Patterson's column to the citv of 
Mexico, and was in 1849 ordered to Xew ^ex., 
where, in charge of a squadron of cavalry, be 
highlv disting. himself in a conflict with the 
Apaclies. In 1850-51, he was qnartermaster 
to the Mexican boundarv commission. Dec 
1851. became 1st lieut. lie went to R.L ; re- 
signed in 1S53, and built an establishment for 
the manuf. of his breech-loading rifle, which he 
invented when on duty in Mex. This proving 
unprofitable, he removed to Chicago, and be- 
came cashierin the land officeof the 111. Central 
Railroad. He soon became treasurer, and 
transferred his office to X.T. Citv, where he 
resided in 1861. Col. 1st R.L V6ls. At the 
battle of Bull Run, July 21, he com. a brigade 
in Hamilton's div., and was highly commended 
bv Gen. McDowell for bravery and coolness. 
>lade hriu.-gen. vols., Aug. 6, 1861, he assisted 
Gen. McClellan in organizing the army. In- 
trusted with an ex5>ed. for the capture of 
Roanoke Island, he left Hampton Roads in 
Jan. 1862. with 10.000 men. convoyed by a fleet 
under FlagK)fficer Goldsborough. Feb. 8. the 
island was taken by a combined attack; 2,000 
of the enemy being captured. For this victory, 
the legisl. of R.I. voted him a sword ; and 
Mar. 18. he was made maj.-gen. of vols. Mar. 
14. he captured Xewliem. and Beaufort and 
Fort Macou soon afterward. On McClellan 's 
rerteat to the James River, July. 1862, Bum- 
side was ordered to re-enfbrce him with the 
greater part of his army. 0>'rapyiug Fred- 
ericksburg, the defeat of Gen. Pope compelled 
him to fall back toward Washington. When 
the Confederates invado\l Md.. his com. was 
lar^Iy increase>l. and, with Gen. McClellan. he 
pnshed forwaRl to meet them, defeating them 
at South Mountain, Sept. 14. At the Ktttle 
of Antietam, Sept. 17, he com. the left wing, 
and was highly disting. Assigned to the 9th 
army corps, he occupied Leuttsville, Va , Oct. 
26. ' Ab. t!ie same time, he was placed in com. 
of one of the 3 grand armies into which the 
Army of the Potomac was divided. Xov. 7, 
he superseded McClellan in com. of the Army 
of the Potomac, and Deo. 13. w.is defeated by 
the Confederates under Lee at Fredorickshorg. 
Relieved of the com.. Jan. 28. 1863, assumed 
com. of the dept. of the Ohio, Apr. 26 : le- 
pobed LoDgstreet's anack on Enoxville, Xov 



Bt."R 



r-io 



BTTR 



2S. 1 S&J, Mid took com. of ihe 9th corps in the 
foilowinj Apr., piinit-i|.>ating in the campaigns 
arv>and Kichmonil and Peter-.hnr^ until Lee's 
surrviiiK-r. Got. of R. I.. USfr-ri. 

Burnyeat, Joirx. one of the earliest 
prvMihcr* o)' the Sociotv of Friends, b. Crab- 
wwlwt, Cnraberland. 16.31 ; d. Dublin, JdIt 
11. I69i). He trsTclk-d in En-, and IreJand, 
and in 167i came with Geor^> Vox lo Ainer. 
His •• Memorials "' describe the condition of 
Md . and the other Colonies thn.uch which he 
p^,-.ic»l from y En^. to X.C. HeVas a zeal- 
ous advocate of his creed, and suffered ranch 
|icrsecution. 

Barr, A.vros, pres. of XJ. Coll.. h. Fair- 
ncM, It.. Jan. 4. 1716; d. Sept. 24, 1757. T.C. 
1733. Of German extraction. He was a de^ 
sccndant of John, an early settler of Sprinjlield, 
Ms., and of Rev. Jonathan, minister of Dor- 
chester, who d. Aog. 9. 1641. Ord. by the Pres- 
DTterr of East Jersev. i:)ct. 25, 1 7.37." In 1 73S, 
he was invited to take char;je of the Presb.' 
chnnch at Xenrark, XJ. Uninlmonslv elected 
m 174S to the pres. of the coll. which he was 
instm:uent;U in fonndinj. In 1 754, he accomp. 
Mr. Whiicficld to Boston. Mr Burr. pub. 
"The Supreme Deitr of our Lord Jesns 
Christ Maintained : " also :i F.-ist-dav sermon, 
Jan. 1. 1753; •■The Watch^ndn"s -inswer to 
the Question. What of the Xighi > " a .^ermon, 
1J^6. and a funeral sermon on Gov. Belcher! 
1737. He prepared a Latin grammar pub. 
in N.T. in 1752, used in the coll^> of X.J., 
«nd known as " The Xewark Grammar.'' 
The eulogium on his death. h_v William Liv- 
ingston, celebrates his virtues "with animated 
pan^rrric. He was pre-eminent in force and 
el^ance of mind, in leamin;:, eloquence, and 
e-xcellence as a preacher. In 1 752, he m. a dan. 
of -lonathan HMwards. 

Burp, Aakon, vice-pres. of the U.S., b 
Newark. X.J.. Feb. 6, 1736 ; d. Staten I-Iand 
Sept. 14. l!i.i6. XJ. Coll. 1772. Son of 
Pres. Burr, and ffrand>on of Pi«. Edwards. 
In 1775. he joined the army at Camhrid'^; 
accomp. Arnold as a private in his exped. 
•^inst Quebec ; acted as aide to Gen. Mont- 
pomery in the assault on that stronvrhol I, en- 
dcivonns to bring off his body when he fell 
at l.:s side ; acted as bri^ade-m.-yor to Arnold, 
an i on his return, in May, 1776. joined the 
military family of Washinjton with the rank 
of m.tj. DissaiisSed with this po«ition. he 
quitted it in 6 weeks to become an aide to Gen. 
I'ulnam, partioipaung in the defence of X.Y. 
Ill July. 1777.hebecamca]ieut.-col.inMalcom's 
r,.--t , and wa- distins. at Monmouth, where 
hi com. a bri^radc in Stirling's divi:.ion. Dur- 
ing the winter of I77S-9, he w:is stationed in 
Westchester Co., X.T.. and com. for a short 
time at West Point, but re^i^Tied from ill health 
Mar. 10, 1779. Burr belonLtd to the Lee and 
Gates faction, and always aSected to despise 
the military talents of Washington. He began 
to practise liw at Albany in Apr. 1732, bnt 
rcmjve.! ti X.Y. In 17J.3.' He was a member 
of the X Y. legisl. in 1 7S4 and 1 793 ; was app. 
atty.-geu. of the State. Sept 27. 17S9 ; com- 
missioner on Rerol. claims in 1791, and from 
1791 to 1797 was a conspicuoas Democ. leader 
io the C. S. senate. At the next presidential 



election, Jefferson and Burr had each 73 vDtes- 
and the choii* w:is decided br Confess on the 
S6th ballot, in favor of Jefferson for pr«s. and 
Burr, for vjce-pres. July 12, 1 S04. he mortallr 
wounded m a duel Alexander Hamilton, lono 
his professional rival and poliiiral op-wnent" 
He soon afier undenook his mad enteriirise in 
the western territories of the L*. S., for which 
he was apprvhcnded and tried at Richmond on 
a charge of inea.<on. in Auj. 1S07. and, after a 
long trial, acquitted. To escape funher leg-.d 
ri-quisiiion. and to avoid numerous creditors 
he »vent to London in ISOS, and lived some 
years in extreme poveny tbet« and in Paris, 
endeavoring, nnsnccessfully, to procure means 
to carry oat his Mexican project. It was sup 
paseil that he intcndol establishing an empire 
in Mexico, which should embrace some of the 
South-western States of the Union. He re- 
turned to X.Y. in 1S12. and practised law, but 
lived in obscurity and jiovenv. Bv his first 
wife, the widow of Gen. Ansnstine" Prevo^t, 
he had a dan., who m. Mr. Allston of S. C. 
At the age of 7S, he m. his second wife, a Mrs! 
Jumel. Burr was small in stature, had a 
remarkably brilli.-uit eve, and a striking ap- 
pearance. He [ossessed disting. talents, hut 
manifested a lamentable want of principle both 
in public and private lite. He was ch.iritable, 
and benevolent to the poor. A memoir of his 
lite and times was pub. bv James Parton, 
X.\ .. 1S57. Another, byM^L. D.ivi* •» vols,' 
lS.36-7. " ■- -> 

Burrall, Joxathas. a Revol. oflSeer, b. 
175-3; d. Goshen. X.Y., Xov. is, 1S34. In 
1776, he joined the nonhem armv under 
Schuyler. His talents .soon procured "him the 
app. of a.*sist. piiym., and. at theclose of the war, ' 
a place in the commission for settling the ac- 
counts of the commissary and quartcrm. depts. 
He was afterward assist, postmaster -<'en • 
ca.<hier of the U. S. Branch Bank of X.y' .-xnd 
one of the managers of the X.Y. State lotteries 
at a time when public confidence in them had 
been shaken. His ability, industry, and in- 
tesrnty were of a high order. 

BurriU, Alexaxdeu M., legal writer d. 
Kfcimey V.J.. Feb. 7. 1S69. a. 62. Col. Coll. 
1S24. with l.ljh'^t honors of the class. He 
studied several years in the office of Chancellor 
Kent, and was remarkable for his scholarly 
precision and discrimination in the nse of lan- 
guage. Author of ■' Circumstantial Evidence," 
" As ignmenis," ••Practice.'' and a "Law 
DiVtioaary." He also aided in compiling 
" Worcester's Diction.irv." 

Buixill, James, LLID., lawyer and states- 
man. t>. ProWd-neo, R.I.. Anril 25. 1772: d. 
Washin;non. Dec. 25. 1S20. U.U. 178S. Adm. 
to practise law in Sept. 1791, his superior 
uilents soon gave him the first rank at the bar. 
He was atty.-sen. of R.L from 1797 to 1313, 
when the decline of his health caused his retire^ 
ment from the bar. Member of the le^isl. in 
1SI3. speaker in 1S14. chief-justice of the Su- 
preme Court in 1S16, U.S. senator, 1S17-20. 
He bore a disting. pan in the U.S. senate, espe- 
cially in the debate on the Mo. Compromise, 
to which he was inflexibly opposed. He was 
dLznified in character and eminent in scholar- 
ship. 



BTJR 



146 



Burrington, George, gov. of N.C., 1723- 
4 ami 1730-4: was app. because bis faiher 
liad U'cn active in support of the govt at the 
accession of George I. He withdrew Iroui the 
Colony- in 1734, to avoid prosecution, and evade 
justice, and was found murdered one morning 
ill St. James's Park, r..ond. — ly'illlamMn's .V. C. 

Burritt, Eluiu, "the learned black- 
sini.h," rctormer, b. New i5ritain, Ct., Dec. 8, 
1811. Tlic ^on of a shoemaker, he was edu- 
cated at a common scliool, and at 16 was ap- 
prenticed to a blacksmith. Desirous of read- 
ing the Seriptiires in their original languages, 
in ihc intervals of labor, hy diligence and a 
remarkable facility, he acquired sever.il lan- 
guages. He removed to Worcester for the 
benetitof the library of the Antiquarian Soci- 
ety, and, while still plying his trade, Iwcamo 
acquainted with the principal ancient and mod- 
ern languages. In 1844, he edited at Worces- 
ter the C'/iiislian Citizen, a paper advocating 
a peaceful sciilemeiit of international ditBcul- 
lies. In this cause, he delivered many pulilic 
lectures. In 1846, he went to Kng., where he 
formed the " Leagueof Universal Brotherhood," 
whose object was "to employ all legitimate 
means lor the abolition of war throughout the 
world; " and was proprietor and editor of the 
Peace Adiocale, and pub. a periodical tract, 
the Bond of Brotherhood. He took a promi- 
nent part in nil the European peace congresses, 
returning to America in 1853. The promotion 
of temperance, cheap ocean-postage, and tlie 
abolition of American slavery, have been ob- 
jects of his exertions. He has been for some 
years U.S. consul at Birmingham. His prin- 
cipal publications are, " Sparks from tile An- 
vil," 1848, " Miscellaneous Writings," 18j0, 
and " 'Ihoughts and Things at Home and 
Abroad," Boston, 1854. 

Burroughs, Cihrles, D. D., Prot.-Ep. 

cler„vman, b. Boston, 27 Uec. 17S7; d. Ports- 
mouth, X.ll., 5 Mar. 1868. H.U. 1806. Old. 
priest, 1812, and rector of St. John's Church, 
Portsm., nearly 50 years. Nearly 30 yairs |)ies. 
N.H. Asylum for the Insane ; of the Portsm. 
Athenteum nearly 40 years, and of the Gen. 
Thcol. Library of Boston, from its origi- 
nation until his death. Author of " Memoirs 
o( Horace B. Mor..e," 1829, " The Poetry of 
Religion and other Poems," 1851. 

Burroughs, George, minister of Salem ; 
executed for witchcraft, 19 Aug. 1692. H.U. 
167U. In 1676, lie was settled at Falmouth 
(now Portland), Me. ; 25 Nov. 1680, he was 
Old. at Salem, but, in consequence of a dispute 
with some of his people, resigned in 1685, and 
returned to Falmouth. On the destruction of 
this place by the Indians, in 1690, he is .said to 
li.ive returned to Salem. Examined for witch- 
craft, and imprisoned at Boston, May 8, he was 
brought to trial, 3 Aug., tor having, by his 
" wicked arts, tortured, afflicted, pined, con- 
sumed, wasted, and tormented Mary Walcott, 
and also for having ]icrformed feats of extraor- 
dinary strength." On the strength of these 
<harge3, made by prolcssed witches, or those 
ivho were victims of their influence, he was 
hunj:. 

Burroughs, Stephen, adventurer, b. 
Uauovetj.MH., 1765; d. Three Rivers, Cana- 



da, 28 Jan. 1840. Son of a Cong, clergyman, 
and reputed " the worst boy in town. At 
14, he joined the army, hut soon deserted. He 
leit Dttitm. Coll. clandestinely, became succes- 
sively privateersman, ship's physician, and 
schoolmaster, and tinally apreacher. Under the 
name of Uavis, he was a Cong pastor in I'cl- 
liam, Ms. ; was afterward imprisoned in Sjiring- 
field for passing counterfeit money ; set fire to 
his jail, and was removed to Castle Island, 
Boston harbor. After his release, he again 
connected himself with a gang of counleifeiler.s, 
in Canada, but afterward became an exem- 
plary Catholic, and educated the sons of wealthy 
Canadians. He was remarkable throughout 
his career for charitable deeds. He pub. 2 
vols, of Autobiography. 

Burrows, William, U.S. N., b. Kender- 
ton, near Puila., t)ct. 6, 1785; d. Sept. 5, 
1813. Son of col. W. Ward Burrows, com. of 
U.S. marines; midshipm. 10 Nov. 1799, and 
served under Preble in the Tripolitan war; 
lieut. March 19. 1807 ; app. to the .>loop-of war 
"Enterprise," be sailed Irom Portsmouth, and on 
Sunday, Sept. 5. 1813, fell in with the British 
brig " Boxer " off Portland, and, alter an action 
of 45 minutes, captured her, her com. Blyliie 
being killed. Burrows was mortally wounded 
at the first fire. For his gallantry. Congress 
voted a gold medal to his nearest male rela- 
tive. 

Burt, WiLLLVM A., survcvor, h. Worces- 
ter, .\ls, 13 June, 1792; d."l8 Aug. 1858. 
He received a good education ; was some years 
an engineer in Erie Co., N V. ; settled near 
Detroit, Mich., in 1824; served several terms 
in the Terr. Council ; became U.S. ilep. sur- 
veyor, and in 1840-7 sui-veyed Northern .Mich. 
He originated the idea of the solar compass, 
introduced important improvements in geol. 
surveying; received in 1851, from the London 
Industrial Exhib., a prize medal for his com- 
pass, and in 1856 patented an equatorial sex- 
tant, but d. before bringing it to perlection. 
He hud been a judge of the Mich. Circuit 
Court, and member of the legisl. for several 
terms, and was a prime mover in the construc- 
tion of the Saute Ste. .Marie Canal. 

Burton, Asa, D.I). (.Middle!.. Coll. 1804), 
divine, b. Preston, now Griswold. Ct., Aug. 25, 
1752; d. Thetford, Vt.,M:iv I, 1836. Dartm. 
Coll. 1777. Old. at Thetford, Jan. 19, 1779, 
over a church of 16 members, he continued his 
pastorate more than half a century. Ue pul>- 
lished several sermons and discourses, and 
" Essays on Some of the First Principles of 
Metaphysics, Ethics, and Theolo:ry," Svo, I8J4. 
A memoir has been pu{). by Thomas Adams. 
— Spnvjue. 

Burton, Hexrv S., brev. brig.-gen. U.S. 
A., I). N.Y., 1818; d. Fort Adams, IM., 
April 4, 1869. West Point, 1839. He served 
in the art. in the Seminole war ; was an in- 
structor at West Point in 1843-6; and, ns 
lieiit.-col. N.Y. vols., disting. himself by his 
defence of I-a Paz in Lower Cal., in Nov. 1847 ; 
maj. May 14. 1861 ; lieut-col. July 25, 1863; 
col. 5th Art. Aug. 11,1863; brev. brig -gen. 
March 13, 1865, for services At the capture of 
Petersburg. 

Burton, IIltcuins G, a politician of 



bxjH 



147 



BUS 



N\ C, b. Granville Co. ; d Apr. 21, 1836. 
Atrer studying law, he settled in Mecklenburg, 
which, in 1810, he represented in the House gf 
Cominiins. Atty.-gen. of the StiMe, 18U-I6 ; 
removcil to Hiiliiax Co. in 1816, again becom- 
ing a member of the House ; was M. C. 1819- 
2+. and gov. 1824-7. 

BurtOD, Napier CnRiSTiE, a British 
gen., " an American by birth ; " d. Eng., Jan. 
1835, a. 76. He entered the service in Aug. 
1773, as ensign 22d ; was made capt. Sept. 
1779. During the winter of 1779-80. he served 
in the Jerseys ; in actions of Klizabethtown and 
.Springtield in 1780; in Aug. went to Ports- 
mouth, Va., and thence to S. C ; engaged in 
the artiiirs of the Catawba and Yadkin, in the 
battles of Guilford and Cross Creek, and was 
taken prisoner at Yorktown ; lieut.-col. in 
1789; served in Flanders; app. lieut.-gov. Up- 
per Canada in 1799; lieut.-gen. Jan. 1, 1805; 
gen. June 4, 1814; M. P. lor Beverley, 1796- 
1806. — P/i(V//M)t. 

Burton, Maj.-Ges. Ralph; d. 1768. 
lieut.-col. 48ih Foot, Oct. 14, 1754, and wound- 
ed at Braddock's defeat ; com. the .3d brigade in 
the e.\pcd. against Lonisburg in 1758; was 
wouniled at the capture of Quebec; com. the 
reserve at the Plains of Abraham ; was made 
lient.-gov. of Quebec, brig.-gen. in 1 76n, and 
maj.-gen. July 10, 1762. In Gen. Murray's 
operations at the reduction of Montreal, he 
com. the 1st brigade. — 0' C<i/latj/ian. 

Burton, Col. Robert, Revol. officer, b. 
17+7, Mecklenburg Co., Va. ; d. Granville Co., 
N. C., 1825. He was a planter, and moved to 
Granville ah. 1775. Member of the Old Con- 
gress, 1787-3. Commissioner on boundary line 
between N. and S. Carolina and Ga., in 1801. 

Burton, Warren, author and clergvman, 
b. Wilton, N. H., Nov. 1.3, 1800; d. Salem, 
Ms., June 6, 1866. H. U. 1821. His grand- 
father was one of the first settlers of Wilton, a 
soldier in the French war, and an officer of 
the Revol. war. He studied at the Cambridge 
Theol. School, was ord. 5 Mar. 1828, at East 
Cambridge, .Ms., but, after a brief ministry, 
devoted himself to objects of reform, still con- 
tinuing to preach occasionall3\ He was a min- 
ister at large in Boston, from 1844 to 1848. 
Chaplain of the Worcester prison in 1849, to 
the State senate in 1852, to the house in 
1858 and 1860, and to the State convention in 
1853. He labored to promote true culture, to 
raise the condition of schools, and especially 
to secure univer.sal attention to the sphere of 
home education, by lectures, meetings lor dis- 
cussion, .and through the newspaper press. 
His publications are, " Cheering Views of Man 
and Providence ; " " Uncle Sam's Recommen- 
dations of Phrenology," 1842 ; "Uislriei School 
as it was ; " " Helps to Education in the Homes 
of our Country," 1863 ; " Scenery Showing, 
or Word-Paintings of the Beautiful, Pictur- 
esque, and Grand in Nature ; " " My Religious 
Experience at my Native Home," 1829 ; " Es- 
say on the Divine Agency in the Material Uni- 
verse," liesides articles in annuals and periodi- 
cal*. 

Burton, William Evans, comedian and 
author, b. London, Sept. 1802; d. N. Y., Feb. 
10, 1860. Intended for the church, he received 



a classical education, but, at the age of 18, took 
charge of his father's printing-office, and edited 
a monthly magazine. After acting several 
years on the Norwich circuit, he appeared with 
success at the Haymarket in 18.32. He wrote 
several dramatic pieces, one of which, " Ellen 
Wareham," was played at 5 theatres in Lon- 
don on the same evening. He made his rfe^Aiit 
at the Arch-st. Theatre, Phila., as " Dr. Olla- 
pod," Sept. 3, 1834, appearing first in N.Y. at a 
complimentary benefit to Woodworth, in 1839. 
He was the lessee of theatres in the chief At- 
lantic cities, residing principally in Pliila. and 
N.Y. In Phila., he built the "National," and 
started in 1837 the Genllemen's Maijaziiie. He 
was proprietor of the Opera House, N. Y., when 
burned in 1841. In 1847, he purchased Palmo's 
Opera House, in Chambers Street, where he 
managed dramatic performances with popular 
favor 10 years. In 1856, he purch.ised the Met- 
ropolitan Theatre on Broadway, to which his 
name was attached. The part of " Toodles " 
wasone of his specialties. He was very success- 
ful as a manager and performer, and was unri- 
valled in a wide range of eccentric and comic 
parts. An excellent Shaksperian scholar; he 
possessed a very fidl Shaksperian library. He 
edited for several years the Lilemn/ Sonvenir, 
and compiled in .1858 a " Cyelopoedia of Wit 
and Humor." 2 vols, royal 8vo. He was a man 
of unsullied integrity and great generosity. 

Bush, .Maj. George, Revol. officer of Del.; 
d. ab. 1794. His bro. Maj. Lewis fell at the 
battle of Brandy wine, Sept. 11, 1777. Wil- 
liam S. Bdsh, lieut. of marines, nephew of 
George and Lewis, killed in the action between 
the frigates " Constitution " and " Guerriere," 
Aug. 19, 1812. 

Bush, Rev. George, an eminent Sweden- 
borgian divine and author, b. Norwich, Vt., 
June 12, 1796 ; d. Rochester, N.Y., Sept. 19, 
18.59. Dartm. Coll. 1818. He studied theol- 
ogy at the Princeton Sem., made a brief mis- 
sionary tour in Indiana, and was pastor of a 
Presb. church in Indianapolis, from 1824 to 
1829. Elected in 1831 prof, of Hihrew an! 
Oriental literature in the U. of N.Y., he fir^t 
became known as an author by his popular 
" Life of Mohammed," 1832. He afterwards 
pub. " Scriptural Illustrations," " Treatise on 
the Millennium," 1833 ; " New Church Miscel- 
lanies," 1855; "Priesthood and Clergy un- 
known to Christianity," 1857 ; " Hebrew Gram- 
mar," 1835; in 1840commenced a series of Bible 
commentaries in 7 vols.; " Anastasis," 1844, 
and edited the Hiernplmnt, a monthly mag., in 
1844. In his work on mesmerism, 1847. he 
deems it a confirmation of the truth of Swedcn- 
borg's revelations. He was a man of simple 
manners, genial and kind. Embracing the doc- 
trines of Swcilenborg, be became pastor of the 
New .Jerusalem Church, N.Y., in 1845, and be- 
came editor of the iVeif Clinrrh lirjmsilori), to 
develop and maintain the princi|des of that 
philosopher. He finally became a .Spiritualist. 
A vol. of Memoirs of Bush, by W. M. Fernald, 
appeaiTil in 1860. 

Bushnell, David, inventor, b. Saybrook, 
Ct., ab. 1754 ; d. Warrcnton, Ga., 1824. Y.C. 
1775. During the Revol., he turned bis mind 
to the invention of a machine for blowing up 



BITS 



148 



BUT 



vessels : he niaiie one capable of coiivpyin}; an 
oiierator, with 1 00 lbs. of ]>owilcr, wbicli was 
tried in vain on " The Ka^'le," a Briti^b IJ4 jriin- 
ship lyinj; in N.Y. harbor. An accuuiit of 
this machine is found in Silliman's Journal for 
1820 Bushiiell preparetl a largf number of 
machines in kegs to l)e floated by the tide upon 
the British vcs.scls lyin<; in the river at Pliila., 
thf result of which altemjjt occasioned the bal- 
lail of the " Baltic of the Ke);s," by llopkin- 
son. He became n capt. in ihe army, ami af- 
ter the war went to France. Returning, he 
was several years at the head of one of the 
most respectable schools of Ga , and later set- 
tled at Warrenton, asa ])ractirioner of physic, 
wliere he was known as Dr. Bush. 

BuShnell, Hor.vcb, D.D. (VVesl. U. 
1S4:;), Cong, divine and author, b. Litchfield, 
C't., 1S02. Y.C. 18-27. At one time literary 
ed. of the y. Y. Journal of Commerce, then a 
teacher in the Norwich Acad. ; tutor at Yale 
in 1829-31. Since May, 1833, pastor of the 
North Conj;. Church, Hartford, Ct. ; an elo- 
quent preacher, and a distinir. pliilos. essayist. 
In 1837, he delivered at N. Haven a Phi Beta 
Kappa oration on the " Principles of National 
Greatness." He also pub. " Christian Nur- 
ture," 1847; "God in Christ," 1849, an.l 
adcfcnccof it, entitled " Christian Theolofiy," 
in 1851 ; " Sermons for the New lite," 1858 ; 
" Nature and the Supernatural," 1858 ; " AVork 
and Play," 1864 ; " Christ and his Salvation," 
1864; "The Vicarious Sacrifice," 1865, and 
" Woman's Suffrage, the Reform against Na- 
ture." Also a eontrib. to thexV. Ewitttmler &ni\ 
other periodicals. 

Bushybead, Jesse, chief-justice of the 
Cherokees; il. at the mission in the Cherokee 
nation. West, July 17, 1844. He was a self- 
made man, acquired great distinction among 
his tribe, and tilled with fidelity many public 
trusts. 

Bussey, Besj.vsun, a benefactor of H.U., 
b. Canton, Ms., March 1, 1757; d. Roxbury, 
Jan. 13, 1842. At 18, he enlisted as a soldier 
in the Revol. army, and wa.s at the capture of 
Burgoyne. At age of 22, he ni.. commenced 
business as a silversmith in Dedham, with a 
capital of $10, and in 1782 removed to Bos- 
ton ; where, engaging in foreign commerce, he 
acquired a fortune. He left a widow, one 
grandchild, and some great grandchildren. On 
the death of the last survivor, the whole of this 
estate, estimated at S'i50,000, will pass to Har- 
vard University, one half to endow a Farm 
School, for instruction in practical agricul- 
ture, t&c, the other half to he devoted to the 
supjjort of the law and divinity schools. 

Bustamente (boos-ta-man'-tii). Anasta- 
sis. pros, of M xico, I), in (iuadalajara, 1782; 
d. St. Miguel de Allende. 1851. At 21, he re- 
ceived the diploiiia of M.D., began practice in 
San Luis Potosi. ami was family physician to 
Calleja, viceroy of Mexico. On the breaking- 
out of the revol. of 1810, he fought in behalf 
of the Spanish Govt. ; but the cruelty of Cal- 
leja made him a patriot When, Feb. 24, 
1821, Ilurbide pronounced against the Span- 
ish Govt., Bustamente was one of the first to 
sustain him. Itnrbide made him gen. of div., 
and com. of the interior provinces, which office 



he held till called to the vice-pres. of the republic, 
Dec. 31, 1829. He took part au'ainst Guerrero, 
and in Dec. 1830, Santa Ana having headed a 
Revol. called the " plan of Jalapa." he was 
charged with the executive power till Aug. 14, 
1 832. Being succeeded in the presiileney by Pe- 
draza, he took com. of the army, and was soon 
after overthrown by Santa Aiia, who banished 
him. He visited France, but. on the outbreak 
of Texas in 1836, returned to Mexico; in 
1837-4J was again pres., excepting a short 
interval in 1839, but was again overthrown 
and banished by Siinta Ana. He fled to Eu- 
rope, resided some time in Genoa, but, on the 
fall of Santa Aiia in 1845, again returned to 
Mexico, and served his country in many offices 
till lii< death. Under his administration, the 
rcpulilii- p^l^pe^■d 

Bustamehte, dos Carlos Maria iff:, 
Mexican arcliiEologist, b. Mexico, ab. 1790. 
Author of " Statistical Memoir on the Oaxaca 
Country," 1821; " Tczcoco in the Last Days 
of its Ancient Kings," 1826; " iJescrlprlon 
Hist, y Cronol. de las clns Piedriis," &c., 1832. 
Editor of a " Complete Historv of Events 
in New Spain," 1839,3 vols., by the Monk 
Sahagan, and the Mexican translation of 
" The Conipiests of Fernamlo Cortes," 1826. 

Butler, AxuRKW Pickens, U.S. senator 
from 1846 to his d., Edgelield dist., S.C, 25 
May, 1857 ; b. there 18 Nov. 1796. S.C. Coil. 
1817. Son of Gen. Wm., a gallant Revol. 
soldier of Va. Adm. to the bar in 1818, and 
soon attained high rank ; became also an able 
debater in the State legisl. ; judge of the ses- 
sions, 1833, and of the State Court in 1835- 
46; chairman of the senate judiciary com., 
he made an elaborate speech on reporting the 
fugitive slave law, and was conspicuous on 
the Kansas and other important questions ; his 
last speech being a reply to Mr. Sumner, and a 
defence of S.C. 

Butler, Benjamix F., a politician and law- 
yer of N.Y., b. Kindcrhook, Dec. 15, 1795 ; d. 
taris, France, Nov. 8, 1858. He was a lineal 
descendant of Oliver Cromwell on his moth- 
er's side. Ho studied law with Martin \'au 
Buren, and, on his adm. to the bar in 1817, be- 
Ciime his partner, an<l was dist.-atty. of Al- 
bany in 1821-5. He served in the State 
assembly, and, with John Duer and J. C. 
Spencer, revised the statutes of N.Y. Ho was 
U.S.atty.-gen. under Jackson (1831-4), also act- 
ing sec. of war from Oct. 1836 to iLirch, 1837 ; 
U.S. dist.-atty. for the southern dist. of N.Y. 
1838-41. Ho left the Democ. party on account 
of the Nebraska bill, joined the ftepnbs, and 
voted for Fremont. Resuming his profession, 
ho also performed the duties of principal prof, 
of law in the U. of N.Y., which institution he 
was instrumental in establishing. — ibVe Life 
and O/tinions of\ liy 11'. L. Mdekentie. 

Butler, Ben.iamin- Fraxklin, lawyer and 
politician, b. Deerficid, N.IL, Nov. 5, 1818. 
Waterville Coll., Me., 1838. Zephaniah, his 
grandfather, was a Revol. officer. He studied 
law at Lowell, Ms. ; was adm. to the bar in 
1841, and practised law in Ms. nniil April, 
1861, with high reputation, especially in crim- 
inal cases. He became identified with the 
Democ. party, was active in politics ; was a 



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BUX 



member of the Mass. Icsrisl. in 1853, and of 
the State senate in 1839-60, of the Const. 
Conv. of 1853, and in 1 860 was a delegate to 
the Democ. pres. convention at Charleston, and 
afterward at Baltimore, in which he supported 
the nomination of Breckinridge. As brig.- 
gen. of Ms. militia. April 17, 1861, he marched 
with the Ms. 8th rcgt. to Annapolis, brought 
out the frigate " Constitution," and was placed 
in com. of the dept. of Annapolis, including 
the city of Baltimore ; made maj.-gen. of 
vols, stay 16, and transferred to the com. of 
Fortress Slonroe, and the dept. of Eastern Va. 
To some slaves who came to the fort for protec- 
tion, Butler applied the famous phrase "con- 
traband of war." Aug. 22, he piocecdcd with 
an exped. a^'ainst Forts Hatteras and Clark on 
the coast of N.O., which fell on the 29th. He 
then organized an exped. for the capture of 
New Orleans . left Boston. Feb. 20, 1862, and 
on the surrender of Fort St. Philip and Fort 
Jackson to Flag-officer Fnrragut, May 1, took 
possession of the city, ami by a vigorous admin- 
istration reduced it to order and security. He 
was removed in Nov. 1862. In the latter 
part of 1863, he obtained com. of the dept. of 
\'a. and N.C He operated on the south side 
of the James River against Richmond, in- 
ireneliing himself at City Point and Bermuda 
Hundred, 5 May. 1864. He was attacked on 
the 16th near Drury's Bluff, and forced back to 
his intrenchmcnts, so that he could not take 
the offensive. He com. the land force in the 
unsuccessful exned. against Fort Fisher in 
Dec. 1864. .M.C. 1866-71 ; one of the mana- 
gers of the impeachment of Pres. Johnson, 
1363. — See Parton's Duller in New Orleans; 
Orei-lei/'s Amer. Conflict. 

Btitler, C.vleu, b. Pelham, N.H., Sept. 
13,1776; d. Groton, Ms.,Oct. 7, 1854. Dartra. 
Coll. 18(X). Studied law in Groton, and was 
the principal instructor of the Gi*ton Acad. 
for 11 years. He pub. a Masonic oration, 
1-16 ; " Facts, &c., as to Affairs in Groton," 
1327 ; " Review reviewed," 1850, " History of 
Groton," 1848. 

Butler, Ezra, statesman, d. Watcrburv, 
Vt., July 19,18.38,8.76. In Sept. 1786, he 
came from Weathersfield. Vt., and settled in 
Waterbury. He was of the .leffersonian school 
in politico; was 11 years a member of the as- 
sembly; 15 years of the council ; first jud^e of 
Chittenden Co. Court, 1803-6; chief-justice, 
1606-11 ; ch.-jus. of Jefferson Co., 1814-26; 
M.C. I8l;J-15'; member of the Vt. Const. Conv. 
1822; iiov. of Vt. 1826-8. He Wiu« 53 years 
in the public service, beside the town offices he 
held at home. — Danin^/'s Vl. Officrs; 

Butler, Col. John, a Tory leader of the 
Rcvol., b. Ct. ; d. Niagara, 1794. Before 
the war, he was in official connection with the 
Johnsons, and com. a militia regt. in Trvon 
Co., N.V. In 1776, he organized a bnnd'of 
marauders, who dressed and painted like In- 
dians, but who wore chiefly American traitors 
and vagabonds in disguise. He was active in 
the predatory warfare which so long disturbed 
Tryon Co. ;'wa9 at the battle of 'Oriskany in 
Aug. 1777 ; com. the 1,100 men who desolated 
Wyoming in July, 1778; was among those 
who opposed Sullivan's exped. to the Indian 



country in 1779, and accomp. Sir John John- 
son's raid on the Schoharie and Mohawk set- 
tlements in 1780. After the war. he went to 
Canada, and was richly rewarded by the Bri- 
tish Govt., succeeding, in part, to the agency of 
Indian affairs, long held by the Johnsons ; and, 
ab. 1794, had a salary of £.J00 per annum, and 
a military pension of £200 more. His son 
Walter, a major in the British service, kill d 
in battle in 1781, was a man of ferocious an. I 
brutal character. 

Butler, Mann, author of a " History of 
Kentucky;" d. in Nov. 1835, in consequence 
of a railroad accident in Mo. He emig. to Ky. 
in 1S06, and pub. his history at Louisville in 
18^4. 

Butler, Gen. Pekcival, 4th of the Butler 
bros., b. Pa., 1760; d. Port William, Kv., 
Sept. 11, 1821. The bros. Richard, William, 
Thomas, Percival, and Edward, all served with 
dist. in the Revol., and the succeeding Indian 
wars. Capt. in the Revol. army. He was 
Morgan's second in com. at Saratoga, and 
com. in the conflict with Col. Simcoe at Spen- 
cer's Ordinary, June 25, 1781, and served at 
the siege of Yorktown. After the war, he 
removed to Jessamine Co., Ky., and was adju- 
tant-iren. in the War of 1812. 

Butler, Pierce, senator, b. Ireland, 1744 ; 
d. Pliila., Feb. 13, 1822. He wasof the family 
of the Dukes of Ormond ; was made a lieut. 
46th regt. Aug. 18, 1761 ; capt. 29th in July, 
1762 ; m.ajor in April, 1766, and was stationed 
in Boston, but resigned before the Revol., and 
settled in S.C. He was a member of the Old 
Congress in 1787 from S.C; in 1788 of the 
convention which framed the Federal Constitu- 
tion, ami was a senator from S.C. in 1789—96 
and 1802-4. Director in the U.S. Bank. His 
wife, dau. of Col. Middleton of Charleston, S.C, 
whom he m. in 1768, d. 1790. 

Butler, CoL. Pierce M., soldier and 
statesm.in, b. Edgefield dist., S.C, April II, 
1798; killed Aug. 20, 1847, in battle olChuru- 
liusco, Mexico. Son of Gen. Wm. Butler, and 
bro. of .Senator A. P. Butler. Lieut. 4th Inf., 
Aug. 13, 1819; capt. Doc. 1825; resigned Oct. 
1, 1829; became cashier and subsequently 
pres. of the State Bank at Columbia; lieut. - 
col. of Goodwin's mounted vols, in Fla. war, 
Feb. 17, 1836; gov. of S.C 18.36-8; U.S. 
agent for the Cherokecs west of the Mpi. ; re- 
moved by Mr. Polk, who app. him to treat with 
the Comanche Indians ; made col. of the 
Palmetto regt. in the Mexican war, Dec. 22, 
1846, in coin, of which he was disting. and 
twice wounded. 

Butler, RicilvRD, raajor-gen., b. Ireland; 
killed Nov. 4, 1791. He came to Amer. before 
1760; was made lient. -col. Pa. line at the begin- 
ning of the war, in the spring of 1777 was 
lieut.-col. of Morgan's rifle corps, and disting. 
hi.nselfon many occasions. While with Lafay- 
ctte's detachment near William-burg, Va., June 
26, 1781, he attacked Col. Simcoe's rangers,- 
gaining the advantage. He held the rankof col. 
9tli Pa. regt. at the close of the war ; was agent 
for Indian affairs in O., ab. 1787, and in the 
exped. of St. Clair ag.ainst the Indians in 1791, 
com. the right wing, with the rank of niaj.-gen.; 
attacked early in the morning of Nov. 4, he 



BUT 



150 



BT7T 



repeatedly char;;od the enemy, but reeeived 
Eevernl severe wounils, and finally was toma- 
bawkeil and $calpe<l. 

Butler, Col. Thomas, Sd of the Butler 
bros., b. Pa., 1754, J. X. Orleans, Si-iit. 7, 
l«Oj. In 1776, while sindyinj; law with Jud;:e 
Wilson of I'liila., h2 joined the army, soon ob- 
tained a com;i:ini ; was in almost e»x'ry action 
ill the MiJille States diiriii:.' the Revol., and 
was woundeil. At the Brandywino, Sept. II, 
1777, he iieceived the thanks ot Washin;;ion on 
the field for inircpiiliiy in rallying a retreating 
detachment. At Monmouth, he received the 
thanks of Wayne, for dofendini^ a defile in the 
fjce of a heavy fire, while Col. Richard But- 
ler's regt. withdrew. Alter the war, he retired 
to a farm, but in 1791 was made major, com. 
a batt. from Carlisle in Gibson's regt., umler 
St. Clair, at whose defeat, Nov. 4, he was twice 
wounded. His le;; had been broken by a ball. 
His elder bro. Richard was killed, and he was 
with ditfieultv removed bv his survivinL; bro. 
Edward. Mij. 4th sub lci;iou, April 1 1 , 1 792 ; 
lieut.-col. com. July I, 1794 ; col. 2d Inf, Apr. 
1S02. William, second of the hros., lient.-col. 
4th Pa. regt. Revol. army, made an e.Nped. in 
Oct 1778, into the Indian settlements at Una- 
dilla and Anaguaj;a, which were destroyed. 
An aci'ount of this exped. was pub. 

Butler, William, lieut.col. 38th British 
ro;_'i. at Bunker's Hill battle; d. Bristol, En^,, 
iu'july, 179G. 

Butler, Ges. Willum, Revol. soldier and 
politician, b. Prince William Co., Va., 1759; 
d. Columbia, SC, Nov. 15, 1821. Sou of 
James Butler, who, while com. a party of 
Whi'.r>, W!i.s captured and afterwanl munlercd 
by the notorious Cunningham. Grad. at S.C. 
doll, as a student of medicine. He became a 
lieut. in Lincoln's army in 1779 : was engaged 
at Stono, and served in the famous corjis of 
Pulaski until the death of the latter. Butler 
next joined Gen. Pickens, subsequently served 
with Gen. Lcc, under Greene, at the siege of 
ICincty-Sis, and w.is detached on several sepa- 
rate services rc<)uiring celerity, courage, and 
rigilanee. He at length rose to a command of 
mounted rangers, and took part in many afl'airs 
with the Tories. He was soon after the war 
made a brig.-gen., and, in 1796, major-gen. of 
militia. M.C. 1801-11. He wa- a member 
of the convention of 17S7 to consider the adop- 
tion of the Feileral Coustitu;ion,aud. with Gen. 
Sumter and others, voted against it. He was 
subsequently a meml>cr of the convention which 
passol the present consiitulion of S.C. ; was 
for some time a member of the legisl. ; sheriff 
in 1 794, and at one time served as a magistrate. 
In the War of 1812, he com. the S.C. troops for 
State defence Father of Senator A. P. Butler 
and Pierce M. Butler. He was large and 
handsome in person, a bold rider, and had a 
great passion for horses. 

Butler, William Allen, l.awver and 
poet, b. Albany, N.Y., 1825. U. of N.T. 
184.3. He studied law in the office of his 
father. H.>n. B. F. Butler, travelled in Europe 
from 1846 to 1848, and has since been actively 
engaged in the practice of law in NY. City. 
He pub. in 1846 a poem, cntitle<I "The Fu- 
ture ; " has coDtrib. many papers in ptwse and 



verse to the IX-rnvnitic Rfriew, to the Art 
Union Bulletin, The Cities of Art and the Enrh) 
Artisia, anil to the Lileruiy World, Out-of-lhe- 
Waj PInres in Earu/n-, a few pleasant sketches 
of travel, and several humorous pniurs in 
prose and verse, eniiilcil The OJon^Cs Cluh. In 
1836. he pub. " Baniuui's P.irnassus," a vol. 
similar to the " Rejected .\ddrcsscs ; " in 1857, 
the poem of " Nothing to Wear ; " a new 
poem, eniiitcil "Two Millions," in 18.18, and 
" Martin Van Burvu, Lawver, Statesman, and 
Man." 1862. — Ai /eA/„ci-. ' 

Butler, Gex. William OnLASDO, soldier 
and politician, b. Jessamine Co., Ky., 1793. 
Son of Gen. Pcrcival Bntler. He was liberally 
educatoi, and designed for the bar ; lieut. 2d 
Inf., Sept. 28, 1812; wounde<l and made pris- 
oner at the Ri%"er Raisin ; afterward >orved with 
distinction under Jackson, at New Orleans, and 
was brev. major, Dec. 23, 1*14 ; aide to Jack- 
son, rank of lieut.-col., in 1816-17. He prac- 
tised law in Ky. for the next 25 years ; M.C. 
1839-43 ; Ueraoc. candidate I'or gov. of Ky. in 
1844, and also an unsuccessful candidate for 
vice-prcs. in 1848. .Made maj.-gi-n. of vols, for 
the Mexican war, June 29, 1846; disting. and 
wounded in the battle of Monterey, Sept. 
21, 1846, for which he was presented by Con- 
gress with a swonl ; succeeded Gen. Scott in 
com. of the armv in the Vallcv of Mexico, in 
Feb. 1848. A|>p'. gov. of Nei>r' Terr, by Prcs. 
Piene, declined. Author of some fugitive 
poems of merit, amungwhich " The Boatman's 
Horn " attained popularity. Meml>er ot the 
peace congress in 1861. 

Butler, Col. Zebtlox, Revol. officer, b. 
Lyme, Ct., 1731 : d Wiikesbarre. Pa, 28 July, 
1795. He served in the French war and in the 
exped. to Havana, and rose to l>e a capt. in 
1761. In 1769, he settleil at Wyoming. Pa.; 
lieut.-col. Ct. line, serving in N.J.. in 1777-8; 
col. 13 M*. 1778 : and 3 July. 1778 com. the 
weak garrison at Wyoming at the time of the 
miissacre, winch he was unable to prevent. lie 
aceomp. Sullivan in his Indian exped. in 1779, 
and served with distinction throughout the 
war. — Miner's I \\i/omin;i. 

Butterfield, Daxiel. mai.-sen. vols., b. 
Oneidi Co.. N.Y., Oct. 18.31. "Cn. Coll. 1849. 
He was a merchant in N.Y". City, and cul. 1 2th 
regt. N.Y. militia when the civil war broke 
ont. Accompanying his regt. to Washington in 
July, he joined Gen. Patterson on the L'pi>er 
Potomac, and com. a brigade. Lieut.-col. 12th 
U.S. Inf., May 14, 1861 ; brig.-gen. vols. Sept. 7, 
1861, and assigned to the army corps of Fiw- 
John Porter, in which he made the campaign 
of the )icninsula. He look part in the great 
battles under Pope and McCU-lhin in Aug. and 
Sept. 1862, and, near the clo>e of Oct., took 
command of Morcll's division. Maj.-gen. 
Nov. 29, 1 862 ; col. 5th Inf., July 1 , 1 86.3 ; com. 
5th corps at battle of Frcdencksburg, Va. ; 
chief of staff. Army of the Potomac, at Chan- 
ccllorsville and at Gettysburg, where he was 
wounded : ordered to re-enforce Kosecrans's 
Army of the CumlK-rland, Oct. 1863 ; chief of 
staff .to Hooker at Lookout Mountain, Mission 
Ridi.'C, Rini.".'old, and Pea Vine Creek, (Ja. ; 
com. adivisiun of 20th corps at battles of Bui- 
zard's Roost, Rcsaca, Uallas, Kcw Hope 



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Cliiin.-h. Konesaw, and Lost Mountain. Ga., 
aiul brev. hri;;. and maj. gen. tor pliant and 
merit, conduct Antlior of " Camp and Out- 
po<i Duty," IS62. 

Button, Sir Thomjws. an early Encrli-h 
navi^^aior and explorer of tlie X. E. cooj-t of N. 
Amcr. ilo sailed in 1612 wiili 2 vessels, "The 
Resolution " and " The l)i^C0Tcr)• ; " passed 
through Hud.<on's Straits, and was the first to 
rcaoli land on the western coast of the bay, in 
lat. 02°, and named it Carey's Swan's Xe>t. A 
river was first named by him Xelson's, alter the 
master of his ship. He wintend there, and 
during the next summer e.'cplorcil and named 
several places on the coast of Hudson's Bay, 
and, advancing to lat. 63°. became convinced of 
the possibility of the north-w^est passage. Ue 
was kniihted for his services. 

Buttrick, Col. Jonv, one of the leaders 
of the Conconl militia on the memorable 19th 
of A|)ril. 1775; d. Concord, Slav 16, 1791, 
a. 6'>. 

Byfleld, N.vthvxiel, judsre, b. Long Dlt- 
tcn, Su>--c.x, Eng., 1653; d. Boston, June 6, 
17.M. Kichai-d his father was one of the 
Westminster Assembly divines ; his mother, a 
sister of Bishop Juxon. He arrived iu Boston 
in 1674, bcva lie an eminent merchant, and one 
of the 4 proprietors and principal settler of tlic 
town of Bristol, R.I. He reiurned to Boston 
in 1724 : was speaker of the H. of representa- 
tives ; 3S years jud:.-e of the C C. P. for Bris- 
tol Co., of Suffolk Co.. 1730-32; was many 
years member of the council, and judge of the 
■rice-admiralty in 1704-15 and in 1729. He 
pnb. an a^-count of the late Revolutioa in N. 
Ensland, in 16S9. — J'/cn. 

Byles, Mather, D.D., Cong, clergyman, 
and wit, b. Boston. March 26, 1706 ; d." there 
Jolv 5, 17?3. H U. 1725. Ord. over the 
chiirch in Hollis Street, Dec. 20, 1733. He was 
diiti.ig among his contemporaries for literary 
taste and for solid learning. He received fi-oiu 
the U. of Aberdeen, in 1765, the degi^e of 
D.D. The correspondent of Pope and Swift, 
he himself pub. a vol. of miscellaneous poems 
in 1736. His reputation, however, t«sts upon 
his wit. cheerful How of spirits, and conversa- 
tion. He had, however, just claims to regard 
as a pulpit orator; and his pub. sermons evince 
a fine imagination, great skill and com. of lan- 
guage combined with terseness of expression. 
He maintained his loyalty during the troubled 
ante-revol. period in Boston. In Aug. 1776, 
at the age of 70. his connection with his parish 
was on this account dissolved. The next year, 
he was denounced in town-meeting as an ene- 
niv to the country, tried, and condemned to 
imprisonment in a guard-ship, and to subse- 
quent e.xile. This sentence was afterwards 
co!nmnieil. A sentinel was placed before his 
door, but was afterwards withdrawn, and linally 
replaced. Released soon after, he alluded to 
these changes of treatment, saying that "he 
ha I been guarded, rcgardetl, and disregarded." 
His two daughters lived unmarried to a great 
age, and to the last were stanch loyalists. The 
last sur»-ivor d. Boston, 1837. His son Math- 
er. D.D., formerly a Cong, clergyman in NVw 
Ixindon, Ct., became an Episcopalian in 1768, 
was several years rector of Christ Church, Bos- 



ton, left that place with the Tories, and d. 
rector of a church in St. John's, Maa'h 12, 
1S14. He was a man of learning and ability, 
and received from OxfonI the lionorarv degree 
of D 1). H.U. 1751. B..Jan. 12, 1735. 

Byrd, Col. Willi a.m. adistinsr. Virginian, 
b. \Vc>tover. March 2S, 1674 ; d. Aug. 26, 1744. 
Born to an ample fortune, and liberally edu- 
cati'd, having ikvn called to the bar in the 
Middle Temple, Loud., he became the patnin 
of s<icnce and literatuiv in Va. He stmlied in 
the Low Countries, visited the court of Fi-arne, 
ami became a fellow of the Roy. Society. He 
was Ion;: rcceiver-gen. of the revenue in Va., was 
thrice agent of ihe Colony in Eng., and, living 
37 years a member, finally Iwcanie pres. of the 
council of the Colony. In' 1728, he was one 
of the commissioners for running the bounda- 
ry line l)etwecn X. C. and \'a., and, on his 
tvturn, causeil his notes of the journey to be 
copied. In 1841," The WcstoverM-tnascripts" 
were pub. by Edmund Ruffin. They contain 
sketches of old Virsinia travel, a " Progress to 
the Mines" in 1732, and a "Journey to the 
Land of Eden." in 1733. In 1733, he laid out 
the cities of Richmond and Petei-sburg, Va. 
He wrote for the " Philos. Transactions" an 
areount of a negro-liov dappled with white 
spots. His son. Col. Vi*iLLi,\M. com. a regt. 
at Fort Cumberland, in Aug. 175S, and was a 
mem^>er of the council in 1775, but d. soon 
atterwards. 

Byrne, Andrew, D.D., R. C. bishop of 
Little Roik, Ark., consc-c. March 10, 1844; d. 
1862. 

Byron, Jonx, navigator, b. Newste.id 
Abbey, 8 Xov. 1 723, d. 1 786. Son of Wm., 
4th Lord Byron, and gnindlather of the poet. 
Ho entered the navy at an early age, and was 
a midshipman in "The \V:iger," in Anson's 
S. Sea Expcd., in 1740, of which he pub. an 
interesting " Narrative." Made capt. 30 Dec., 
1746; rcar-adin. 1775; sent with a fleet to de- 
moli>h the fortifications of Louisburg in 1760. 
Placed in com. of an cxped. to the South 
Sea, he circumnavigated the globe. 21 June, 
1 764- May, 1766, an account of which is in 
Hawfcsworth's Coll. of Voyages. Com. in 
chief at Xewfoundland, 1769. Com. in the 
West Indies during the Ainer. war. and 6 July, 

1779, fought a severe battle with D'E^taing off 
Granada, and was promoted to vice-adm. 

Cabell, CoL. Samcel JoRD.ix, a Revol. 
officer; d. Xelson Co., Va . Sept. 4. ISIS. a. 61. 
Eldest .son of Wm. C. of Cnion Hill. He left 
Wm. and Mary Coll. at the beginning of the 
war, rose to the rank of lieut.-col. in the Com. 
array, and at the fill of Charleston, May 12, 

1780, he became a prisoner until the close 
of the war. He was many years a member of 
the assembly, a member of ihe Va. convention 
to ratifv the Federal Constitution, and M.C. 
in 1795-1803. 

Cabell, Col. William, statesman, of 
Union Hill, Va , h. March, 1730 ; died early in 
1798. Win., his father, formerly a surgeon in 
the British navy, came to Va. in 17^0, and 
settled on James River, where he d. in 1774. 
The son received a good education, was long a 
merab(.'r of the House of Burge»ses ; couutj- 
lieat. ; member of ail the couventious before 



C-A-B 



152 



CAJB 



thiit of M.iv, 1776, in wliuh lie wns one of the 
committee to draft n uccluration of ri-lits and 
a plan of govern mem. He was a ineiiilH.r of 
the committee of safetv ; chained with the 
civil and military control of tlie colony ; a mem- 
ber of the State senate from Amherst district, 
and was suhsequently a incmherof the house 
of delegates and of the convention to ratify the 
Federal Constitntion. His brotliers Joseph, 
John, and Nicholas, were all active patriots.— 
Ornishi/. 

Cabell, Willi A.M H., son of Nicholas, and 
nepliew of Win., jrov. of Va., 1805-s ; d. Uich- 
nidnd, Jan. 17, \Sr,3. He was pres. of the 
Court of Appeals alter being gov., and 50 years 
in public lite. 

Cabeza de Vaca (kaba'-tiiada va'-kii), 

Alv.vk Ncnioz, m .Spaniard, who explored the 
River La I'hita in \:ui>. 

Cabot, (iiiOiiuE, statesman, b. Salem, Dec. 
3, 1752; d. Boston, A|iril 18, 1823. After pass- 
ing two years at U. V., ho went to sea lor a 
short tune, and then en-aged in the mercantile 
prolcssion, iii which ho was very eminent and 
succcsstul. Ueforo he was 26, he oppo.sed, in 
the Piov. Congress of Ms., the attempt to es- 
tablish a maximum price for the sale of pro- 
visions; thus early manifesting' his correct views 
ol political ceononiy.' Member of the State 
Const. Conv.. and also of that which ratified 
the Constitu ion ol the U. S. U. S. senator in 
I791-i;, becoming one of tlieconliduntial friends 
»( Washington and Hamilton, to the latfr of 
^yllom he was an able coadjutor in the forma- 
tion ot his financial system. He received 
■ ■'V,' ';^^' ""^ "I'P- °f sec. i.f the navy, 
winch ho declined; was in 1808 a member of 
ihe council of Ms. ; in 1814 a delegate to the 
convention wliieli met at Ha.tford, and was 
prcs. of that body. He was a leader of the 
icderal party, and c.vercised great influence 
upon public opinion. 

Cabot (kab'-ui), .lonN, discoverer of the 
JNorth-Ainerican continent. March 28, 1476 
dcnizaiion was granted him in Venice, after the 
usual residence of 1 5 years. In 1495, he resided 
nt Bristol, with his wife, a Venetian and 3 
sons, and as early as 1491 had sent from that 
city an c.xped. in seaadi of " Brazil and the 
beven Cities. Mar. 5, 1496, John and his 3 
sons obtained a patent from Henry VII au- 
thorizing them to search for islands, provinces 
or regions in ilio eastern, western, or northern' 
seas, and to occupy the territories that might bo 
found, with an exclusive right to their com- 
merce, on paying the king a tilth of all profits. 
Accoinpanieil by his son Sebastian, ho sailed 
in May, 1497, in a single vessel, 700 lea-ues 
west, and June 24, 1497, saw the land, wTiieh 
he reported to h.ive been a partof a continent. 
A letter ol that year states that he sailed .100 
leagues along the coa.t, landed, and planted on 
the soil the baniaisof Knglaud Anil Venice. lie 
reached Uii,tol in Aug., and was favorably re- 
ceived by the king, wli., granted him special au- 
thority to inr.ress C, Iji-lish ships, and to enlist 
volunteers, Feb. 3, 1498. Uf his subsequentca- 
recr nothing is known. — AVc (/,e tViie;,,,,, J,-. 
cA/CM-,- the PaUiit ijranlal h!,n 1496; the License 
1498; a ^/te-, dated A,,,,. 23, 1497, fnin Lorenzo 
J as(jual,yo, a mcrcluiut at London, to his brothtrt 



at Venic" ; and the Lc/eml on the map of Sebastian 
CiiIhiI riietl in UaUiiifl. 

Cabot, Sk».vsti AN, discoverer of the coast- 
line of the U. S. as hir south as the Chesa- 
peake b. al). 1472 ; d. ab. 1557. Son of tlio 
preceding. At the age of 1 7, Sebastian hud 
acquired skill i.i mathematics, and had inado 
several voyages. In May, 1497, pursuant to 
letters-patent obtained fnnii Henry VII., John 
and Sebastian .sailed to the west.'diseovcrin" 
in June, Newfoundland, which they explored as 
far as latitude 67°. lu May, 149S,'with 2 ships, 
nncl a large company of vols., from Bristol, he 
sailed in search of a short north-western pa.s.sa"o 
to China and Japan. He reached the main- 
land ol N. A., landed in several places, and saw 
natives clad in the skins of beasts, and making 
use of copper. The discoveries of the Cabots 
were so little valued, that the family suffered 
the patent granting them the exclns'ivc privi- 
lege of trade to be lost. In 1512, he wuiit to 
Spam by invitation of King Ferdinaml, until 
whose death, in 1516, he enjoyed honor and 
emolument. In the reign of li.nry VIII., ho 
procured another ship for discovery, and in 
1517 attempted a southern passage to the lOast 
Indies, in which he failed. He then visited 
Spain, where he was well treated, and app. pi- 
lot-major by Charles V. He soon after received 
from a company of nieivhants tllecomniand of 
an cxped to the Spice Islands, through the 
reccnily-diseovercd Straits of Magellan. In 
April, 1525, ho iiccoiciiiigly sailed from Cadiz 
to the Canaries and Cape de Vcnle Islands ; 
and failing, from the opposition of his crew in 
his plan of reaching the Spice Islands, he pro- 
cecdcd to the River La Plata, where he discov- 
ered St. Salvador, and erected a fort. He af- 
terwards visited Ihe great Uiver Paraiiinv, and 
endeavored for some time to form an establish- 
nuiit on the Ainer. coast; but, disaiipoinrcd in 
the expected aiil from Spain, he returned homo, 
where he met with an unfavorable reception. 
He returned to England near the close of 1548. 
A pension was settled upon him by Edwai-d 
yi , as grand pilot of England, and lie was 
thenceforward consulted on all questions of 
navigation; and in 1552, Ix-ing gov. of the 
company of mci-chani-adventnrtrs, he drew up 
instructions, ami procured a license, for an e.x- 
ped. to discover a northern passage to the East 
Indies. He first noticed the variation of the 
compass ; and, besides the ordinances preserved 
ill Hakliiyt, he pub. a large map of the world, 
and " Sav(i(/iuione nelte /laile Seiitentiionale." 
He was also gov. of the Russian company 
and was very active in their affiirs. The best 
work on Sebastian Calnit is the Memoir by 
Richard Diddle, Svo. 1831. ' 

Cabral, 1'edro Alvaukz dk, the princi- 
pal discoverer of Brazil, b Portugal ; d. ab. 
1526. King Enianii >1 having fitted out an e\- 
pe.l. to C.ilicut ot 13 ships, Cibral was anp. 
com. Ill chief. Alter passin- the Canaries, lie 
took a westerly course, resulting in the lli^cov- 
erv of Brazil, of which, Apr. 24, 1500, betook 
possession in the name of his king. He then 
sailed for India, losing half his Heet in a tern- 
pest, landed at Calicut, and succei^ded, after 
negotiating with the Indian princes, in cstal>. 
lishing a factory there. 



C.AJD 



153 



C^^Jl. 



Cadwalader (cad-wol'-a-der), George, 
niaj.-jroii. vols., son of Gen. Thomas, grandson 
or Gen. John, b. I'hila. He studied and prac- 
tised law in Pliila.,and,on thebreakinjr-«nl of 
the Jlexiean war, was app. brig.-gen. March .'i, 
1 847. Ui-lini:. at El Molino, he was brev. 
inaj. gen. for gallantry at I'hapiiltepec. In 
ISiil, he was ajip. by the gov. of I'a. niaj.-gcn. 
of State vols. ; had com. at Baltimore in May, 
and was second in com. in the force which 
moved on Winchester, under Gen. Patterson, in 
June. Apr. 23, 1862, he was ap|). maj.-gen. 
of vols. One of the commission to revise the 
military laws and regulations, ])ec. 17, 1862. 
His "Services in the Mexican Campaign of 
1847" was pull. Phlla., 8vo, 1848. 

Cadwalader, John, gen., son of Or. 
Thomas, I). Pliila., 17 4;) ; d. Shrewsbury, Pa., 
Feb. 10, 1786. He was a member of the Pa. 
convention in 1775; an active member of the 
committee of safety, and com., in Phila., " The 
Silk Stocking Company," of which nearly all 
the members were app. to commissions in the 
army. He was afterward made col. of one of the 
city battalions; was promoted to brig.-gen., and 
was intrusted with the com. of the Pa. militia, 
and eo-operaicd in the attack on the Hessians at 
Trenton. He took part in the bitttleof Prince- 
ton, Jan. .'), 1777. He acted with his com. as 
a vol. at Bramiywine, Gerraantown, and .Mon- 
mouth. In the autumn of 1777, at the reijucst 
of Washington, he assisted in organizing the 
militia of the eastern shore of Md. After the 
disgrace of Gen. Conway, lie was called to ac- 
count by Cadwalader for some offensive re- 
marks in reference to Washington. In the duel 
which followed, Conwav was severely wounded. 
After the war, Gen. Cadwalader removed to 
Md., and was a member of the legisl. His 
dau. Funny, in 1800, m. D. M. Erskinc, after- 
wards Baron Erskinc. His grandson. Gen. 
George Cadwalader, disting. himself in the 
Mexican war. He pub. a reply to Gen J. 
Eeod's "Remarks," 178.3. 

Cadwalader, Col. L.\mbert, M. C. 

178'J-'Jl and i:',«-3, b. Trenton, N.J., 1741 ; 
d. there Sejit. l.'j, 182.3. He com a Pa. regt. in 
the Kevol. ; assisted in the defence of Fort 
Washington, Nov. 16, 1776 ; was taken prison- 
er at its capture, and retired to his estates, near 
Trenton. Member of the Old Congress, 
1784-7. 

Cady, Aluemarle, brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., 
b. X.H. West Point, 1829. Entering the 
6lh Inf., he became capt. 7 Julv, 1838 ; major, 
27 Jan. 18.')3 ; lieut.-col 7th Inf., 6 June, 1861 ; 
col. 8th Inf , 20 Oct. 1863; retired, 18 May, 
1864 ; brev. brig.-gen. 13 Mar. 186.5. He served 
in the Florida war, 1838-42; in the Mexican 
war, 184C-8; was at the siege of Vera Cruz, 
battles of Cerro Gonlo, Churubusco, and Mo- 
lino del Rev, where he was wounded, and brev. 
mij. 8 Sept. 1847; and in the Sioux exped. 
was engaged in action of Blue Water, Dak., 
S Sept. 18.-).).— C'h//i(/h. 

Cab'll, Rev. D.vsiei- William. D.D., an 
Irish priest, chemist, astronomer, and pulpit 
orator, b Queen's Co., Ireland, 1802; d. Bos- 
ton, Oct. 2:, 1864. Studied at Carlow Coll., 
and at Mavnooth, where he was ord. Prof, of 
Dat. hist, m Carlow Coll. Author of several 



wimphlets, and former editor of the Dublin 
Tflf^irajth. 

CaineS, George, reporter of the .Supreme 
Couit of N.Y. ; d. Catskill, N.Y., July 10, 
182.1, a. 34. He pub. "Zer Me/arloria Aineri- 
ciiiia," 1802; '" Cases in the Court of Errors," 
2 vols., 1803-7; "Forms of the X.Y. Supremo 
Court," 1808; " Summarv of the Practice in 
the N.Y. Sup. Court," 1808; "Cases in the 
Court for the Trial of Impeachments," &c. 
1803-7, 2 vols., 8vo; "N.Y. Sup. Court Ke- 
ports." 1803-5, 3 vols., 8vo, 2il eil., 1852. 

Caldas, Francisco Jose de, naturalist, 
b. Popayan, N. Granada, 1770; executed by 
order of Morillo in 1816. By his own exertions, 
he acquired the rudiments of astronomy, 
botany, and medicine, and constructed a ba- 
rometer and sextant, unaided even by books. 
He acconip inied for a time the Spanish explor- 
er, J. C. Mutis. Subsequently he explored 
the Amies, and the Magdalen River, and in 
1804 measured the height of Chimborazo and 
Tunguragua. After having been nominated 
director of the observatory at Santa Fe de 
Bogota, he began to edit, in 1807, the " .bVrai- 
nario de la Nur-va Graimdtt." He was employed 
by the Congress of New Granada to complete 
the rtora of Bogota, when the disturbed state 
of public affairs interrupted tlie work ; and 
himself and colleague, Don Losano, were put 
to death. 

Caldas, Pereira de Souza Antosia, 
a Brazilian poet, b. Rio de Janeiro, 1762; d. 
1814 He studied at Coimb:a, but, on being 
consigned to a convent by the Inquisition, took 
holy orders. His writings were pub. in Paris, 
1821, entitled " Poesias swjnulds e imfanas," 
with a commentary by Gen. Stockier. A new 
edition of his ]ioeticul works, excln-ive of his 
translations, was brought out in 1836. 

Calderon de la Barca (Frances In- 
GLis). b. Si-oilaud : m. in IS'SSto Don Calderon 
de la Barca, Spanish minister to the U. S., and 
subsequently to Mex. ; pub." Lilii in Mexico," 
with a preface by Wm. H. Prescott the his- 
torian, in 1 y43. 

CaldiCOtt, Thomas Ford, D.D., Baptist 
clergvman anci author, b. Buekby, Eng., 1803 ; 
d. Toronto, Canada, July 9, 1869. He emi- 
grated to Canada in 1824 ; removed to Hamil- 
ton, N.Y, in 1831, and preached successively 
there, at Lockport, at Boston, and at Brooklyn, 
N.Y., 26 years, writing much for the periodical 
press during the time. From 1860 till his 
death, he was pastor of the Bond-st. Church, 
Toronto. A thorough scholar, an able writer, 
aiul an eloquent preacher. 

Caldwell, Charles, M.D., physician and 
author, b Caswell Co., N.C., May 14,1772; 
d. Louisville, Ky., July 9, 1853. The son of 
an Irish oftieer. He first taught school in N.C. ; 
went to Phila. in 1792 ; studied and practised 
medicine there ; and, during the. yellow-fever 
of 1793. particularly (listing, himself. He was 
surgeon of a brigade during the " Whiskey 
Insurrection." In 1810, he tilled the chair of 
natural history in the U. of Pa. ; was prof, of 
materia inedica in Transvl. U. in 1818-37; 
and in 1837-40 in the Louisville Med. School. 
He translated Blumenbaih's " Elements of 
Physiology" in 1793; puli. " Malaria," 8vo, 



CAX. 



154 



CAJL, 



N.Y., 1831 ; " Unity of the Humnn Race," 
8vo, 1830; editeil the Porlfulio in 1814; 
editoJ " Cullen's Practice of Physic " in 1816, 
and in 1819 pub. his "Life of (Jen. Gieene." 
In 1855, his Aiitohio-jiaphy appeared. He pub. 
" Memoirs of Horace Uolley," 1828; and " Tlie 
Royal Foundlin;;s," a Persian tule ; " Medical 
and Pliys. Memoirs," &e., 1801 ; " Medical 
Theses," &c., 1803; and wrote over 200 pieces 
in various departments of literature and science. 
He wrote much upon plirenulo;;y. A bio- 
graphical sketch was read by Dr. U. U. Coates 
before the Amer. Phil. Soc. 

Caldwell, Chaklks Hicsby Bromedge, 
capt. L'.S.N., b. Uin;;liam, Ms., June 11, 1823. 
Midshipui. Feb. 27, 18.J8 ; lieut. Sept. 4, 18iJ2 ; 
com. July 16, 1862; capt Dec. 12, 1867. 
With a detdcliinent from " The Vandalia," he 
defeated a tribe of cannibals at \W';;a, one of 
the Kcjce I.-lands, and burned their town, Oct. 
11, 1868; com. steamer "Itasca," West Gulf 
block. si|uad. at the battle of New Orleans ; at 
Grand Gulf, Mpi. River, June 10, 1862 ; com. 
ironclad "Esses," Mpi. squadron, 1862-3; 
Port Hudson, frnm March to July, 1863, in 
com. of " Esse.\," and mortar Hotilla ; com. 
steamer " Glaucus," N. A. B. scjuad., 1863— t; 
steamer " R. R. Cuyler," N. A. B. squad., 
1864-3, and present at surrender of Wilming- 
ton — llamiislj). 

Caldwell, David, D.D. (U. of N.C. 
18IU), b. Luutaster Co., Pa., Mar. 22, 1725; 
d. Aug. 25, 1S24. N.J.Coll. 1761. He was a 
house-carpenter until his 23th year; was li- 
censed to preach in 1763; ord. July 6, 1765, 
and installed pastor of Buffalo and Alamance, 
Uanover, X.C. He also opened a classical 
school, which he continued nearly 30 years, and 
became a skilful and suecesstui physician. 
Member of the conveniion which met at Hali- 
fax, Nov. 12, 1776, and of the convention to 
ratify the Federal Constitution. He retired 
from the ministry in lS2ii. — See Liji, bi/ E. 
' ir. CanUheis, D.D., 1842. 

Caldwell, liowAitD H., poet, b. New- 
buiy, S.C., .Srpt. 20, 1831. S.C. Coll. 1831. 
Adm. to the bar, 1833; has since practised at 
Cohiuihia. In 1853, he pub. "Oliatta and 
other ]ioeins." He has contrib. Iix-quently to 
the periodicals of the (South ; and a new vol. of 
his poiMUs was pub. 1838. 

Caldwell, James, Presb. minister and 
Revol. patriot, b. of Scotch parents, Charlotte 
Co., Va., Apr. 17.34; d. Elizabethtown Point, 
N.J., 24 Nov. 1781. N..I. Coll. 1739. Ord. 
over the 1st Church at Elizabethtown, Mar. 
1762. Eloquent and energetic in arousing a 
Revol. spirit in the people, he served in the 
war as chaplain, and afterward as commissary 
to the N J. troops; was the special object of 
the hatred of the loyalists, and was obliged to 
remove his_ family to Connecticut Farms for 
safety. During the frequent incursions of the 
enemy, the bell of his church always sounded 
the alarm, and raised the country. His church 
was burned ; his wife, Hannah Ogden, whom he 
had m. in 1763, was delilK-rulcly shot at and 
killed, 6 June, 1780, then her house fired and 
burnt down ; and he himself was shot by a sen- 
tinel who hod been bribed to do the deed. A 
marble monument at Burlington was dedicated 



to their memory on the 64th anniversary of hii 
death. His son. John £. of N.V., was taken 
to France, and educated by Lafayette. He was 
a disting. philanthropist, edited the Cliristian 
Ilnriihl, and founded the Bible Society. — 
Slirii'ine. 

Caldwell, Gen. John, lieut.-gov. of Kv., 
1804 ; b. Prince Edw. Co., Va. D. Frank- 
fort, Ky., Nov. 9, 1804. He went to Ky. in 
1781 ; served in the conflicts with the Indians; 
became a muj.-gen of militia ; u'tember of the 
State conventions of 1787-8, and of the State 
senate, 1792-3. 

Caldwell, Josei-h, D D. (N. J Coll. 
1816), b. Leamington. N.J., April 21, 1773 ; d. 
Clia|K-l Hill, N.C, Jan. 24, 183.3. N.J. Coll. 
1 791 . At school, he displayed a taste for math- 
ematics, and that diligence and energy which 
characterized his subsequent career. He stu- 
died for the ministry, tau^dit school, and in 
1796 was chosen presiding prof, of the infant 
U. of N.C, also performing the duties of luath- 
emaiicul prof. Licensed to preach 22 Sept. 
1796. In 1804, a presidency was created, to 
which he was chosen, and which he held until 
the period of his death. Upon his election to 
the presidency', he vacated the mathematical 
charr for that of moral philosophy. In 1824, 
he visiicil Europe in order to difcct in person 
the construction of a phdosophicul apparatus, 
and to sili'ct bonks for the lilirary. To him 
N.C. is indebted fur various internal improve- 
ments of bis su^rgesting, as well as to his ser- 
vices in the cause of education. He pub. in 
1822 a treatise on geometry, and " Letters of 
Carlton." 1825. — Spiwiue. 

Caldwell, Samuel, gen., maj. of Ky. 
" levies of 1791 ; " disting. in Wilkinson's e.\- 
ped. against the Indians on the Wabash in 
Aug. 1791 ; lieut.-col. com. Ky. Vols. 1812, 
and in Clay's brigaile under Gen. Harrison in 
1813; brig" Ky. Vols. Aug. 1813, and com. a 
l>rigadc in battle of the Thames, Oct. 5, 1813. 
— (iardnt-r, 

Calef (or Calfe), Rouert, meahant of 
Boston, famous fur his opposition to the witch- 
craft per.secution of 1692 ; d. ab. 1723. 2d 
son of Robert of l{o.\bury, who d. Apr. 13, 
1719. Such (vas the prevalence of the belief 
which he so powerfully attacked, that, un- 
able to pul). his defence in Boston, it was print- 
ed in London in 1700. Its title, " More VVon- 
ders of the Invisible World." was suggested 
by Cotton Mather's " Wonders of the Invisi- 
ble World ; " and its plain facts and common- 
sense arguments contrib., notwithstanding the 
learned and powerful were its opponents, most 
essentially to a change of public opinion Dr. 
Increase Mather, ))rcs. of H. C-, ordered the 
wicked book to be burnt in the coll. yard. The 
members of the Old North Church pub. a de- 
fence of their pastoi-s, the Mathers, entitled 
" Remarks upon a Scandalous Book," &c., 
with the motto, " Truth will come off Conquer- 
or." Tile complete triumph of Calef turned 
the satire upon them ; judges and jurors con- 
fessed their errors; and the people were aston- 
ished, and ashamed of their own follies. Jus- 
tice was, however, withheld frorft him in his 
day ; and traces of his unpopularity are discov- 
erable in several proceedings of the town. A 



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new cilition of his work was printed at Salem 
iu 179i>. 

Calhoun, Johs Caldwell, LL.D., states- 
man, b. Abbeville District, S.C.,18 Mar. 1782; 
<I. \Va.hinj;ton, D.C., 31 Mar. I8.J0. Y. C. 
1804, wiih the first honors. Patrick, his fa- 
ther, a native of Ireland, com. a company for 
froniitr defence, and was for 30 years, and 
until his d. in 179(5, a member of the le^'isl. 
His muiher, Martha Caldwell, was of Scotch- 
Iii>U ik'^eeiit. From his boyhood, he was 
urave, ilu)ii|:htful, ardent, and perseverin;;. 
He studied law at LitehKeld, began practice in 
his native district in 1807, took high rank in 
his profession, and, with a lucrative practice, 
entered early upon the political arena. He 
was in the State legisl. in 1808-10; M.C. 
1811-17, and iuHuential in procuring the dec- 
hiration of war with England in 1812 ; sec. of 
war in Monroe's cabinet, 16 Dee. 1817-.Mar. 
182!); vieepres. of the U.S., 1825-31; U.S. 
senator, 1831 and 1845-.iO; sec. of State 1844- 
5. As presiding officer of the senate, he was 
punctual, methodical, and accurate. The pe- 
culiar doctrine of this eminent man, which he 
honestly entertained and earnestly ailvucated, 
was, that the Constitution was a mere treaty, 
from the conditions of which any State might 
separate herself if desirable to the inhabitants, — 
the doctrine of " State Rights," as it is called. 
Calhoun's influence in his own State was so 
great, that his ultra views of the tariff, nullifi- 
cation, and slavery, controlled the opinions of 
the majority of Ids constituents. His collected 
writings and speeches, edited bvR. K. Cralle, 
with a bio;.'raphy, were pnb. in 6 vols., 8vo. 
His son, Maj. P.itrick, U.S.A., d. Pendleton, 
S.C., 1 June, 18.i8, a. 37. Another son, Col. 
William Lowndes, a planter, d. Abbeville 
Di^i., 1!) Sept. IS.iS, a. 28. 

Calhoun, Jons Ewiso, lawyer and sen- 
ator, li. 1749; d. Pendleton District, S.C, 
Nov. 2u, 1802. X.J. Coll. 1774. While very 
young, he lost his Cither, bat was taken by his 
Uncle Patrick, who ])rovided him with an ex- 
cellent education. He studied law, became 
distinu". in the profession, was many years in 
the legisl. of S.C, and was a US. senator in 
1801-2. He was on the committee to report a 
modification of the judiciary system of the 
U.S., and was an eloquent and independent 
man. 

Calhoun, William Barron, LL.D. 
(Amb, Coll 18.18), b. Boston, Dec. 29, 1795 ; 
d Springfield, Ms., Nov. 8, 1865. Y.C. 1814. 
He studied law with George Bliss of Spring- 
field, and for 40 vears was prominent there. 
Member of the Ms. legisl. 1825-35; speaker, 
18.i4-5; M.C. 1835-43; pres. of the State 
senate, 1846-7 ; sec. of State of Ms. 1848-51 ; 
mayor of Sprin;.'field, 1859 ; and again member 
of }tU. legisl. 1861. Many years a contrib. to the 
S/>riiiiifiilil Iteimhlinm. ,Ioiix, his brother, who 
while surv.-gen. of Kansas, gained an unenvia- 
ble reputation in the attempt to force the Lc- 
com]iton Constitution upon the people, d. Oct. 
19. 18.-)9. 

Call, Daniel D., an eminent lawyer; d. 
Richmond, Va., May 20. 1840. a. ah. 75' Bro.- 
indaw of Judge Marshall. He pub. 6 vols, of 
" Reports of the Va. Court of Appeals," 



1790-1818, 2d ed., 1824-33, edited by Joseph 
Tate. 

Call, Maj. Richard of Va. Revol. offi 
cer; fought at Charleston, S.C, May 6, 1780; 
com. rifle corps in action with Col. Simcoe at 
" Spencer's Ordinary," Va., June 25, 1781, and 
served under [..afayette ; ipade surv.-gen. of 
Ga, Jan. 1784. 

Call, Richard K., gen., b. Ky. ; d. Talla- 
hassee, .Sept. 1862. App. from Kv. lieut. 44lh 
Inf,July 15, 1814; brev. capt. Nov. 7, 1814; 
vol. aide to Gen. Jackson, April, 1818, and 
acting insp.-gen. to the army in the field. May, 
1818 ; capt. July, 1818 ; resigned May 1, 1822. 
Member le<;isl. council of Fla., Apr. 1822; 
brig. -gen. W. Fla. militia, Jan. 1823; delegate 
in Congress, 1823-5; receiver land otBee, W. 
Fla. March, 1825 ; gov. of Fla. aud com. of 
the army against the Seminoles, Dee. 6, 1 835, to 
Dec. 0, 1836; com. in 2d and 3d battles of 
Wahoo Swamp, Nov. 18 and 21, 1836; U.S. 
gov. Fla. Terr., 1836-Mar. 1844 ; maj.-gen. Fla. 
militia, July 1 to Dec. 8, 1846. — Gardner. 

Calleja (kalda'-liii), Don Felix del 
Rey, Cot;NT DE Calderon, a Spanish gen., 
b. 17.50 ; d. ab 1821. After having been treas. 
of the council of the Indies in Amer., he com. 
in 1810 at San Luis Potosi, Mexico, when he 
was ordered to pursue the insurgent Hidalgo, 
who was advancing on tlie capital with a large 
native force. Easily defeating him. he carried 
Guanaxoato by assault, and jfan. 12, 1812, de- 
feated and mortally wounded him at Guadalax- 
arn. He gained other advantages, but through 
his cruelty caused the insurrection to become 
much more formidable ; and, under Morelos, 
the success was balanced between the two par- 
ties. Calleja was made viceroy, 4 Mar. 1813; 
ordered Morelos, who had been made prisoner, 
to be shot, 22 Dec. 1815; was succeeded in 
his viceroyship in 181 7, and, returning to Spain, 
was made a count. In 1819, he was given the 
com. of troops destined to act against the in- 
dependents of Paraguay, bat was taken pris- 
oner by Riego, and confined in the Isle of Leon, 
dying soon after recovering his liberty. 

Calleuder, Ja.mes Thompson, political 
writer, b. Scotland ; d. Richmond, Va., July, 
1803. He was exiled for pub. his "Political 
Progress of Britain," Edinb., 1792. Came to 
Phila., where he pub. the " Political Register," 
3 Nov. 1794 to 3 Mar. 1795, Svo ; "Amer. 
Annual Register for 1 796," 8vo, 1797. He was 
at one time the friend of Jefferson, but became 
his enemy and calumniator. The Richmond 
Rrrnrdt-r, which he edited some years, was 
noted for its virulent assaults upon the admin- 
istrations of Washington and John Adams. 
He was drowned while bathing- in the James 
River, .\ulhcir, also, of " The Prospect before 
us," and " Sketches of Amer. Hist.," 1798. 
■ Callender, Joun, Baptist minister of 
Newport. R.I., b. Boston; d. Jan. 26, 1748, a. 
41. H.U. 1 723. He was a nephew of the Rev. 
Elisha, a Baptist minister of Boston ; was li- 
censed to preach in 1727 ; was pastor of the 
Baptist Church in Swansey, Ms., from Aug. 
1728 to Feb. 17.30, and Oct. 13, 1731 was ord. 
minislerof the second Baptist church in Amer., 
formed in 1644. His centennial discourse in 
1 738 is very valuable, and contains much »f the 



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early history of R. I., especially in ecclesiasti- 
cal affiiirs; this was reprinted in 1838, in the 
Colls. K. I. Hist. Soc., with notes hy Dr. El- 
ton. He also pu'j. sermons on the death of 
Rev. Mr. Clapp, 1745, and Rev. Mr. Condy, 
1739. His collections relating to the history 
of thi! Baptists in this country were used by 
Mr. Baikiis. 

Callieres (deh-kii'-leair'). Chevalier 
I-oiis lli.cTon, Dii, b. Torigny, France; d. 
Jlontrual, Ca., May 26, 1703. He" was a gallant 
military officer, and came to Canada as a mem- 
ber of the Monircal company. App. gov. of 
Montreal in IB84, he enclosed ih'; town with 
palisades. In 1689, he went to France to sug- 
gest a project for theconquesi ofN.Y., in which, 
but for its failure, he would have had the chief 
com. Gov. of Canaila from the death of 
Frontenac, in 1698, until his own death: his 
ability and valor made him popular in the 
Colony. He hail several negotiations wiih the 
Indians, but died in the midst of his labors, 
and was succeeded by Vaudreuil. He endeav- 
ored to unite all the Indian tribes in a perma- 
nent peace, and to attach them to the French 
interest. — Charlevoix. 

Calmes, Gkn. Marquis, Rcvol. oflScer; 
d. Woodlord Co., Ky.. Feb. 27, 1834, a. 79. 
He was a capt. in the Kevol., and was disling. 
at the battle of Monmouth. Made brig.-gen. 
Ky. Vols., Aug. 31, 1813. He served under 
Harrison, and com. a brigade at the battle of 
the Thames. 

Calvert, Benedict, gov. of Md., 1727-32 ; 
d. June 1, 1732, on his passage to Eng. Ed- 
ward Henry, bro. of Benedict, and pres. of 
the council, d. Annapolis, Apr. 24, 1730. a. 28. 
His wife was dau. of the Earl of Litchfield, 
and sister of the wife of Edward Young the 
poet. Frederick, Baron Baltimore, and last 
proprietor of Md., succeeded Charles, Lord B., 
in I7")l ; d. Naples, Sept. 30, 1771, leaving his 
propertv in Md. to his son Hcnrv Harford. 
He pub", a " Tour in the East." &c." 1767. 

Calvert, Sir George, the first baron of 
Baliimorc. Founder of the province of Mary- 
land, b. Kipling, in Yorkshire, in 1582 ; d. 
London, Apr. 15, 1632. He wi\s descended 
from a Flemish family. Grad. at Oxford in 
1597, and, after travelling abroad, entered the 
service of Robert Cecil, afterwards Earl of Salis- 
bury. He was knighted by James I. in 1617, 
and made clerk of the privy council, and, in 
1619, one of the sees, of State. This post ho 
resigned in 1624 in consequence of having be- 
come a Roman Catholic. Notwithstanding 
this, he retained the confidence of the king, 
who in 1625 raised him to the Irish peerage of 
Baltimore. He had previously obtained a 
grant of land in the Island of Newfoundland, 
whiih he named Avalon, where he was pre- 
vented from making a settlement by the inva- 
sions of the French. Still desironsof forming 
a settlement in Amer., whither ho might retire 
with his family and friends of the same reli- 
gious principles, he in 1629 visited Va., whoso 
fertility and attractions had been highly laud- 
ed. Meeting with an unwelcome reception on 
account of his religion, he tarried his attention 
to the ti'rritory north of the Potomac, and, on 
his return to Eng., obtained a grant of it from 



Charles I. ; but, dying before the patent wa« 
completed, it was again drawn in the name 
of his oiliest son Cecil, who succeeded to his 
honors, and it passed tho seals, June 20, 1632. 
This territory, named in honor of Henrietta 
Maria, queeiKonsoit of Charles I., was col- 
onized under the patronage of Lord Baltimore, 
who displayed justice and good faith in his 
dealings with tho Indians, and liberality to re- 
ligious sectaries in his legisl. arrangements, 
highly creditable to his principles and charac- 
ter. Lord Baltimore wrote some political 
tracts; and his speeches in parliament, and let- 
ters of Stale have also been jiub. — .St* Life of 
Valrerl, l,y .•>. F. Sliwhr. 

Calvert, George Hekrt, author, b. Bal- 
timore, Md., .Tan. 2, 1803. H. U. 1823. His 
father was of the family of the founder of Md. ; 
and his mother, a lineal descendant of the 
painter Rubens, was a native of Antwerp. Af- 
ter studying at Giittingon, he edited for several 
yearsthe Ikiliiinnre Amniain, In 1832, ho pub. 
" Illustrations of Phrenology," the first Amer. 
treatise on the subject ; in r833, " Life of Rob- 
ert Barclay;" in 1836, a metrical version of 
Schiller's " Don Carlos ; " in 1S40, a fragment 
on " Arnold and Andre'," 2 cantos of " Cabi- 
ro "a poem, and " Count Julian," a tragedy ; in 
1 845, a portion of the correspondence of Goethe 
and Schiller, and, in 1846 and 1852, 2 series of 
" Scenes and Thoughts in Europe ; " in 1856, 
"An Introduction to Social Science ;"" The 
Gentlemen," 1863 ; two additional cantos of 
" Cabiro " in 1864; a new edition of his 
" Scenes and Thoughts in Europe," 1865 ; and 
" Comedies," Boston, 12mo, 1856 ; " Thoughts 
of Joseph Joul)ert, with a Biog. Notice." 
Since 1843, he has resided at Newport, K.I., 
of which city he was mayor in 185.3, and was 
the orator at the celebration of the 40th anni- 
versary of the battle of Lake Erie. He has 
contrib. to the N.A. Ilei-ien; Piitiuim's Monllily, 
anil other literary periodicals. — fJui/rlinr):. 

Calvert, Leonard, first gov. of Md. ; d. 
June 9, 1647, a. 41. His bro. Cecil, the pro 
prictor, sent him to Aincr. as superintendent of 
the colony in 16.33. After lauding with his 
company of 200 at Point Comfort, Va., Feb. 
24, 1634, he sailed np Chesapeake Bay, Mar. 3, 
entered the Potomac a distance of 12 leagues, 
and anchored at an island which he named St. 
Clement's, of which he took formal possession. 
Having convinced the natives that fiis designs 
were peaceful, he took possession of the territory, 
giving to the town the name of St. Mary's, and 
to the creek on which it was situated the name 
of St. Cicorge. The liU'ral policy of siH;urity 
of j)ro|»rty and toleration, upon n'hich its col- 
onization wai based, made a Roman-Catholic 
colony an asylum for those who were ilriven 
from N. E. by the persecutions there carried on 
among Protestants. He expericucod much 
trouble from a settler of Kent Island, Wiu. 
Clayborno, who denied his jurisdiction, and took 
up arms against him, but who was ultimately 
driven out of the province. Calvert snp<>rin- 
tendinl the affairs of the colony until the civil 
war iu Eng., when the name of a papist l)Ocame 
so obnoxious, that the parliament assumed the 
govt, of the iirovinee, and app. a new gov. At 
the restoration, Cecil Cidvcrt recovered his right 



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Cambreling, Chuechill C, merchant 
nnd .M.C.. li. Washington, N.C., 17S6; d. AVest 
Keck, L.I., Apr. 30, 1862. He received an 
academical education at Newbern, removed in 
1802 to X.Y. City, where he subsequently re- 
sided, and, engasrin"; at an early day in mercan- 
tile pursuits with John Jacob Astor, travelled 
extensively over tlie world. He was M.C. from 
N. Y. froni 1 8J 1 to 1 839, and chairman of the 
com. of commerce, of ways and means, and of 
foreifrn affairs. Of his numerous reports and 
political pamplilets, that on coramerce and navi- 
gation passed through several editions, and was 
repnh. m London. Wliile travelling in Europe 
in 18.39, he was app. minister to Uussia. Mem- 
ber of the State Const. Conv. in 1846. — Imii- 

Cameron, Sir Alan, a British gen.; d. 
Fulham, Eng., Mar. 9, 1828. He was con- 
cerned with ConnoUv in 1775 in the plan of 
arousing and combining the Indian tribes 
against the Colonists; was taken prisoner near 
Hagerstown, Md., and remained for nearly 2 
years in the common jail at Phila. In attempt- 
ing to escape from this confinement, Sir Alan 
had both liis ankles shattered and broken ; 
and he never perfectly recovered fi-om the jjain- 
ful eftects of those injuries. He was subse- 
qnently placed upon half-pay as a prov. olficer ; 
but in 179.3 he raised the '79th, or Cameron 
Highlanders, at his own expense. With this 
regt. as major, and then col. comg., he sened in 
the Ketherlands and in the West Indies, and 
subsequently in the peninsula, where he disting. 
himself particularly at Talavera and Busaco. 
Sir Alan was «pp. maj.-gen. July 25, 1810; 
after the peace, K.C.B. ; and, on the 12th of 
Aug. I Si 19, lieut.-gen. 

Cameron, Simov, statesman, b. Lancaster 
Co., Pa.. 1 799. Left an orphan at 9, he learned 
the trade of a printer ; worked at Harrishurg 
and at Washington, D.C., employing his leisure 
in study. In 1 820, he became editor of a news- 
paper at Doylcstown, Pa.; in 1822 settled in 
Harrisburg, editing a journal advocating Gen. 
Jackson's election to the Presidency, and in 
1 832 was pres. of the Jliddletown bank of Pa. 
He became pres. of two railroad companies, 
and adj.-gen. of the State. U.S. senator in 
1845-9 and 1857-61. In that body, he voted 
for Mr. Donglas's proposition to extend the 
Mo. Compromise line to the Pacific. After the 
repeal of the JIo. Compromise in 1854, and 
the attempt to force slavery u])on the people of 
Kansas, he connected himself with the "People's 
Parrs'" in Pa., and in 1356 voted for Fremont. 
Mr. Lincoln made him. 4 Mar. 1881, sec. of war, 
whii'h post he filled until -Jan. 14, 1862, when ho 
resigned, and was app. minister to Russia; but 
he soon returned to the U.S., arriving Nov. 8, 
1862. Delegate to the Bait, convention, 1864, 
the Phila. convention of 1866, and was again a 
U.S. senator for the term ending in 18".'). Suc- 
ceeded Mr. Sumner as chairman of the com. 
on foreign affairs in Feb. 1871. His brother 
Col. Jamks, b. Mavto^vn, Pa., Mar. 1, 1801 ; 
killed at the battle of Bull Rxm, July 21, 1861, 
leading a charge of the 79th N.Y.'regt. He 
t>egan life a printer in his bro.'s office, and edited 
the PJIllml M.nlinvl, 1827. 

Cammerhof, Fbederick, a Moravian 



bishop ; d. Bethlehem, Pa., Apr. 28, 1751. He 
came to the U.S. in 1746, visited the establish- 
ment at Shomokin on the Susquehanna in 1749, 
and in 1750 went to Onondaga to labor amongst 
the Iroquois. His was a character of much 
benevolence, and he was greatly beloved.— 

Campbell, Alex., D.D., founder of the 
sect called " Carapbellites," b. Antrim Co., 
Ireland, June, 1786; d. Bethany, Va., 4 Mar. 
1866. Educated at the U. of "Glasgow He 
came to the U.S. in 1800, settled in Washing- 
ton, Pa., and preached at Brush Run in 1810. 
Originally a Presb., but in 1812 became a Bap- 
tist. With his lather Thomas Campbell, he 
founded several congregations, which united 
with the Baptists, but protested against all 
creeds; and in 1827 was excluded from fel- 
lowship with the Baptist churches. In 183.3, 
his followers numbered 100,000, raostlv in the 
States of Va., Ky., and Tenn. In 1844, he 
founded Bethany Coll., of which he was made 
pres. A history of the sect is in the C/nislian 
Da/ttist unci ^]ill('nmllt Harbiiiriei; edited by him 
in Bethany (182.3-63). Including his "De- 
bates," he pub. 52 vols. He was a man of 
strong intellect, fine scholarship, and great logi- 
cal powers — Spe Mpinoir, hij lloherl liiclninhon, 
2 roh., Pliiln., 1868. 

Campbell, Sir Archibald of Invermell, 
a British maj.-gen.; d. Mar. 1791. App. capt. 
42d regt. Oct. 1758; maj. Dee. 1760 ; lieut.- 
eol. 71st in 1775, and w.as, with a portion of his 
coi-ps, made prisoner while entering Boston 
harljor, just after Gen. Howe had departed. 
Made a subject of retaliation for the cruel 
treatment of captive American officers, he yet 
displ.ayed gentleness and humanity towards his 
foes, while conducting, aftenvard, active opera- 
tions in the South, where he pro\ed himself a 
brave and skilful commander. Nov. 27,1778, 
he com. an exped. against Savannah, defeated 
Gen. Robert Howe, and, Dec. 29, captured 
that city. He captured Augusta, Ga., Jan. 29, 
1779; was made col. Dee. 7, 1779 ; M.P. for 
Stiriing, 1774-80 and in 1789; gov. of Madras, 
1785-89, and gov. of Jamaica in 1789-91 

Campbell, Col. Arthcr, a Western p'o- 
neer, b. Augusta Co., Va., 1742; d. Yellow 
Creek. Knox Co., Ky., 1815. At the age of 
fittecn, he was taken by the Indians and made 
himself master of their language. Escaping in 
1759, he served as guide in an exped. to the 
Upper Lakes, and was rewarded by govt with 
1,000 acres near Louisville, Ky. 'In 1769, he 
settled at " The Royal Oak," on Holstein 
River; was app. major of militia; was col. of a 
regt. more than .30 years ; and was engaged in 
and com. several military expeds., especially 
that against the Cherokees, in Jan. 1781, with 
whom he made an important treaty. In the 
spring of 1776, he was elceted to the Va. assem- 
bly, and, as a memherof the State Const. Conv , 
took a decided stand against an established 
church. lie was for some years county lieut. 
of Washington Co., Va. After .35 years' resi- 
dence at Holstein. he removed to Yellow Creek. 
He in. a sister of Gen. Wm. Camptell, and 
was the fiitlinr of Col. .John B. 

Campbell, Ciiari.es. historian, b. Peters- 
burg, Va., 1807. N.J. Coll. 1825. Son of 



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John Wilson Campbell, a bookseller of Pe- 
tcrsb. Authorofa llist.of Va-JSl.!. Has pub. 
" The Bhind Papers," 8vo, 1840; " Histciry of 
Virjiinia," 8vo, 1859; " Memoir of John Daly 
Burke," 1 868 ; " (>encaloj;v of the Spotswood 
Family," i868.. Conirib. to the fioutlunn Lit. 
Miss'tiiijfr from its commencement. Editor of 
" The ( )rderly Rook " of Gen. Andrew Lewis in 
KTl'i. -Ill), 1860. 

Campbell, David, pov. of Vs., 1836-9; d. 
Ahin-.lcin, Va., March 19, 1859, a. 80. App. 
nuijur li'ih Inf., Julv 6. 1812 ; lieut.-col. 20th 
Int., Miir. 12, 181.3 ;' resigncdjan. 28, 1814. 

Campbell, Du.ncas R., DD, Baptist 
clergyman, b. iScoiland, ab.l 797 ; d. Covington, 
Kv.,"Aii(r. U, 1865. Graduate of a Scottish 
university; soon after came to the U. S. ; 
preached some years, and after a pastorate at 
Georgetown, Ky., was pres of Geor<^town 
Coll. from 1849 until his death. 

Campbell, Geoiioe Wash., statesman, b. 
Tenn.. 17G8; d Nashville. Feb. 17, 1848. N.J. 
Coll. 1794. M. C. from I80;i to 1809, during 
the last two years of which period he was chair- 
man of the committee of ways and means; 
U.S. senator, 1811-14 and 1815-18: sec. of the 
treasury from Feb. 9 to Oct. 6, 1814 ; envoy- 
cxtraor. and minister- plenipo. to Russia in 
1818-21 ; and at one time judge of the U. S. 
Disi. Court of Teim. A commissioner in 1831 
to •settle the claims on France. 

Campbell, Ilt-on F., commodore U. S. N; 
d. Wa^liinu'ton. Nov. 11, 1820. App. master- 
coni. July 27. 1799; capt. Oct. 16, 1800. 

Campbell, Jacob, author of " Political 
Ess.iys.'M) R. I. 1760; d. 1 "88. — .-lWwi«. 

Campbell, James, jurist, b. Phila., 1813. 
Son of an Irish emigrant, who gave his chil- 
dren a thorough education. His persevering, 
energetic, prompt, and inquiring mind soon gave 
him a high rank among the proverbially acute 
and clo(pient members of the Phila. bar; and 
in 1841-50 he wa.s a judge of the C. C. P.; 
atty.-gen. of the State in 18.50-3; U. S. post- 
master-gcn. in 1851-7. 

Campbell, James Archibald, judge 
U. S. Supremo Court, 18.5.3-61, b. Washington, 
Ga., June 24, 1811. U. of Ga. 1826. His 
grandfathcrwasannidede-campto Gen. Greene. 
Adm. to the bar in Jlontgomery, Ala., in 1830, 
and practised with success. lie opposed the 
secession of Ala. ; did all in his power (o bring 
the war to a close in 1864, and in 1865 re- 
sumed practice in N. Orleans. 

Campbell, John, bookseller, and post- 
master of Boston many years, and until 1718 ; 
pub., 24 Apr. 1704, thc'fiostoi Xeirs I^ller. the 
first permnn. newsp. issued in N. Amcr ; b. Scot- 
land, 1653; d. Boston, Mar. 1728. Someyears 
justice of the peace for Suffolk Co. — Drake's 
Bnffnn. 52.'>, 538, 

Campbell, John, political writer, b. F,din- 
biiru'li. Mar. S, 1708; d. Dec. 28, 1775. Awnt 
of the Briiisb (Jovt. for Ga. from 1755 to liisd. 
Author of a " Concise Hist, of Span. America," 
1741 ; " Lives of the Eng. Admirals," 1744 ; 
'■ New Sugar Islands in the W. Indies," 8vo ; 
" Trade of Great Britain to America," 4to, 
1772; "Political Survey of Great Britain," 
&c. 

Campbell, John, a British gen., b. Stra- 



chur, Scotland ; d. early in 1 806. He entered 
the army in June, 1745, as licnt. of London's 
Highlanders ; served through the Scotch rebel- 
lion ; made the campaign in Flanders in 174" ; 
capt. 1 Oct. 1747 ; April 9, 1756, he was app. to 
the 42d Highlanders ; was wounded in the at- 
tack on Ticonderotra in 1758; raajorof the 17th 
Foot, July 11, 1759; lieut.-col. in the army, 
Feb. 1, 1762. and com. this rcgt. in the ex|)cd's. 
against Marlinico and Havana. May I, 1773, 
he became lieut.-col. of the 37ih Foot ; returned 
to Araer. in 1776 with his rcgt , at the outset 
of theRevol.; was app. maj.-;:cn. Feb. 19. 1779; 
col. of his regt. Nov. 2, 1780; ami com. the 
British forces in West Fla , where, after a gal- 
lant defence, he was obliged to surrender Pcn- 
sacola to the Spaniards. May 10, 1781 ; lieut.- 
gen. Sept. 28, 1 787 ; gen. in'the army, Jan. 26, 
1797. 

Campbell, John B., col., h. Ky ; d. of 
wounds reed, in the battle of Chipjicwa, Ang. 
28, 1814. Nephew of Col. Cam|)bell of King's 
Mountain renown. Was app. lieut.-col. 19th 
Inf., March 12, 1812 ; com. detachment against 
the Mississinewa Indians, Dec. 1812, for which 
he was brcv. col. ; col. 1 1th Inf., Apr. 9, 1814 ; 
disting., and severely wounded in battle of 
Chippewa, July 5, 1814, where he com. the 
right wing of the armv un<ler Scott. — Gardner. 

Campbell, John N., D.D. (N J. Coll. 
1835), Presb. clergyman, b. Phila., March 4, 
1798; d. Albany, March 27, 1864. He stud- 
ied theology with Rev. Ezra Stiles ; was for 
a while at the U. of Pa., and was afterward a 
teacher of languages in Hamp. Sid. Coll. In 
May, 1817, he was licenced to preach by the 
presbytery of Hanover, Vn. In 1820, he was 
chaplain to Congress. Alter )>reaching in Pe- 
tersburg, Newbern, and elsewhere, he, in 182.3, 
became the assist, of Dr. Balch of Georgetown, 
D.C. From 1825 to 1831, he was pastor of 
the N.Y.-ave Church in Washington, D.C; 
and from 1831 to his death, he was pastor of 
the First Presb. Church at Albany. He was 
for more than 20 years one of the regents of 
the N.Y. U. He was an eloquent preacher 
and a vigorous writer. 

Campbell, John Poage, M.D., Presb. 
minister of Chillicothe, 0.. b. Aug. Co., Va., 
1767; d. near Chillicothe, 4 Nov. 1814. Hamp. 
Sid Coll. 1790. Licensed to preach in May, 
1792 ; settled in Ky. in 1795. He pub. *' Doc- 
trine of Justification Considered." " Strictures 
on Stone's Letters," 1805; "'V'indcx,"in an- 
swer to " Stone's Reply," 1806. He left a MS. 
Hist, of the Western country. — Sprain/'. 

Campbell, John W., jurist, b. Augusta 
Co , Va.. 23 Feb. 1782 ; d. Delaware, , 24 
Sept. 1833. His parents removed to Ky. in 
1791, and afterward toO. He received a com. 
school education; was adm. to the bar in 1808; 
became pros. atiy. Adams and Highland Coun- 
ties; member of the legisl. ; M.C. 1817-27, and 
U.S. dist. judge from 1829 to his i\. — See 
Biol. Sl^ftch nii'l Lit. lirinains hi/ his icidnir, 8vo, 
18.38. 

Campbell, Lewis D., Demoe. politician, 
b. Franklin, O., 9 Aug. 1811. He had a lim- 
ited education; became asst. editor of the Cin- 
ciiii'ali Gnzctlp; studied and practised law; wai 
M.C. 1849-57, and chairman of the com. on 



159 



CAJsr 



wav9 and means, 1853-5; app. minister to 
Mi'xico in IX'C 1865; again M.C. 1871-3. 

Campbell, P-. author of " Travels in N. 
Ani.r 111 ir'.U-J," Eilinb., 8vo, 1793. 

Campbell, Col. Richard of Va. ; killed 
at tlic liuiilc of Eutaw S|irin^'s, S.C, Sept 8, 
17S1. Was fommissioned capt. Feb. 19. 1776 ; 
wa< a lieiit.-col at the battle of Hobkirk's Hill, 
ami at the siei;e of Ninety-six. 

Campbell, Col.. UonERT, Indiiin fi);hter, 
li. Va., 175.'); d. near Knoxville, Tenn., Feb. 
1S'!2. He displayed great bravery in many 
eiinflicts with tiie Chemkees, and subsetiuently 
at the battle of Kind's Mountain. He was 
nearly 40 yctars a ma^nsfrate of Washington 
Co., Va., anil in 182.) emigrated to Tenn. 

Campbell, Lord Willum, gov. of S.C. ; 
1774-.i; d. .St-pt. 5, 1778. Yonngest son of 
the 4tli Duke of Argvle. Became a eapt. in the 
navy, Ang. 20, 1762"; M.P. in 1764; gov. of 
Nova Seotia in 1766-73. Entering upon his 
administration in June, 1775, be was active in 
fomenting insurrectionary movements favor- 
able to the crown among the bonier population 
and the red men. Detected in this practice, and 
the public military stores having been secured 
by the jicople, he fled on board a frigate, and in 
the following year was mortally wounded on 
board " The Bristol," during the attack on Fort 
Moultrie. In Jlay, 1763, he m. Sarah, sister of 
Ralph Iz.ird, a leading patriot of the Revol. 

Campbell, Gen. William, Revol. offi- 
cer, b. Augusta, Va., 1745; d. Sept. 1781. He 
received a liberal education. Formed by Nature 
for a soldier, and was at the battle of Point 
Pleasant, 1774; was app. a capt. in the first Va. 
regt. in 177."i,but resigned in the latter part of 
1776, on account of the breakingout of an In- 
dian war, whi<'h called him borne. He was 
then made lieut-col. of Washington Co. mili- 
tia, and in 1 778, col. With his regt., he marched 
200 miles to attack Maj. Ferguson, at King's 
Mountain, at which battle he com. Oct. 7, 
1780; and for his disting. services on this 
occasion, the legisl. presented him with a 
sword, horse, and pistols, and named a county 
after him. His conduct at Guilford drew from 
Greene and Col. Lee flattering' letters, and 
from the Va. legisl. the rank of brig. gen. He 
joined Laf.iyette to oppose the invasion of 
Cornwallis, and received the com. of the light 
infantry and riflemen, but died, after a short 
but brilliant military career, just before the 
siege of Yorktown. — Va. Hist. Colls. 

Campbell, William B., soldier and pol- 
itician, b. Sumner Co., Tenn., Feb. 1, 1807 ; d. 
Lebanon, Aug. 19, 1867. He studied law; 
practised at Carthage, Tenn. in 1830; was 
elected dist-atty. 4th dist. in 1831, and be- 
came a member of the legisl. in 1835. He was 
a c.ipt. of vols, during the Creek and Fla. 
wars; M.C. in 1837-43; col. 1st Tenn. Vols. 
in Mexican war ; com. a brigade, and was dis- 
ting. in the battle of Ccrro Gordo, and at Mon- 
terey ; was made judge 4th circuit of Tenn. 
.soon after his return, and was in 1851-3 gov. 
of the State ; cho,scn judge of the Circuit Court 
in 18.'i7. In 1861, he canvassed his State in 
opposition to the secessionists, and June .30, 
1862, was made brig.-gen. vols., but, on account 
of feeble health, resigned 26 Jmi. 1863. 



Campbell, William W., judge, grand- 
son of Col. Samuel ; b. Cherrv Valley, N.Y., 
June 10, 1806. Un. Coll. ls*27. H; studied 
law with Judge Kent ; commenced practice in 
N. Y. City in 1831 ; was M. C. in 184.5-7 ; 
then spent a year in Europe; app. in 1849 a 
justice of the Superior Court of N. Y. City; 
served .seven years, and was subsecpiently elected 
a judge of the State Supreme Court. Author 
of "Annals of Tryon County, N.Y.," 8vo, 
1831 ; new cd., revised, entitled " Border War- 
fare," N.Y., 1849, 12ino; "Life and Writings 
of De Wilt Clinton," 1849, 8vo; " Sketches of 
Robin Hood and Capt. Kidd," 12mo, 1853; 
" Life of Mrs. Grant, Missionary to Persia," 
I2mo, 1840. 

Canby, Edward Richard Sprigg, brig.- 
gen. U. S. A., b. Ky., ab. 1819. West Point, 
1839. Sened in the Florida war, 1839-42; 
assist, adj.-gen. (rank of capt.) 3 Mar. 1847; 
disting. at Ccrro Gordo ; brcv. major for Con- 
treras and Churubusco, Aug. 20, 1847; brcv. 
lient.-col. for gallant conduct at the Belen Gate, 
Sept. 13, 1847; capt. 2d Inf. June, 1851 ; mUjor 
10th Inf. Mar. 3, 1855; col. 19th Inf. May 14, 
1861, and brig.-gen. vols. March 31, 1862. He 
served in the Utah c.xpcd. under Gen. A. S. 
Johnston, and in 1859-60 com. Fort Bridger, 
Utah. When the civil war began in 1861, he 
was in New Mexico, and displayed great energy 
and skill in defending the territory agmnst the 
confederates. He afterwards served in the war 
dept. at Washington ; com. the troops in and 
around N.Y. City at the time of the riots in July, 
1863, and resumed his post in the war dept. m 
Nov. 1 863. 7 May, 1 864, he was made maj.-gen. 
comg. the district embracing the depts. of the 
Mo., Ark., and the (rulf. He com. the exped. 
which captured Mobile, Ajjr. 12, 1865, and May 
4, received the surrender ot the rebel Taylor and 
his army. Brcv. maj.-gen. U.S.A. JIar. 13, 
1865; brig.-gen. U.S.A. July 28, 1866; brcv. 
brig.-gen. U.S.A. for battle "of Valverde, New 
Mox.: m.aj.-gcn. for Mobile; Nov. 4, 1868, com- 
5th military district. 

Canfleld, Francesca Ansa, poetess, b. 
Phila., 1803 ; d. 1823. Dau. of Dr. F. Pascalis, 
an Ital. physician. She was distinguished for 
her knowledge of languages, and the excellence 
of her verses, many of which are in Griswold'a 
Female Poets of America, and in the periodi- 
cals of the day. — Allihone. 

Canfleld,' Henry Jddson, b. Ct., 1789; 
d. 1856. Y. C. 1806. Author of "Treatise 
on Sheep." Contrib. to Ohio Cultivator, Amer. 
A;irirultiirist, &c. — Allihone. 

Cannon, Charles James, poet, dramatist, 
and nowlist. b. N. Y., of Irish piU"entage, Nov. 4, 
1800 ; d. there Nov. 9, 1860. Among \\U numer- 
ous works are " Facts. Feeling-. ;ind F;iin irs," 

"The Poet's Qu,-t," " Mom (\ii tv.' • Fa- 

thcr Felix; ])oi'ms,ilranialii- jnnl mi-, i llain'ous; 
dramas, including the " Oaib of uihie " and 
" Tighe Lifl'ord." He also com;)iled a speller 
and a series of readers. — See. browitson's Qitar- 
tn-lyjhr Ori. 1857; //iW. ^fllf/. y. 30. 

Cannon, James Spencer, D.D., clergy- 
man of the 1). R. Church, b. 1776; d. New 
Brunswick, N. J., July 25, 1852. Rutg. Coll. 
1811. He was for 51 years a trustee, and 
from 1826 until his death, prof, of metaphysics 



CAN 



160 



CAR 



and the philosophy of the human mind in 
Kutg. Coll. Author of " Lectures on Chro- 
nolo},'V," " Lectures on Pastoral Thcolojry," 
8vo, l"853. 

Cannon, Newton, soldier and statesman, 
b. Guilloid Co., N.C., ab. 1781 ; d. Nashville, 
Tenn., .Sept. 29, 1«41. Member State legisl. 
181 1-12, and State Const, Conv. of 18.34. Col. 
Tenn. Mounted Uifles, Sept. to Dec. 1813, and 
com. the left in battle of Tallahatchie, Nov. 3, 
1813 ; was M.C. from Tenn. from 1814 to 1817 
and from 1819 to 1823; was app. by Monroe 
one of two commissioners to treat with the 
Chickasaws in 1819; and was gov. of Tenn. 
from 183.') to 18.(9. 

Cannon, Wilmam, gov. of Del., 1864-5, b. 
Bridgeville, Del., 1809 ; d. Phila., Mar. 1, 1863. 
He was some time in the State Icgisl.; was 
State treasurer, and memlier of the peace 
c«ni.'ress in 1 861. 

Canonicus, a Narragansctt chief, uncle of 
Miautuii()nh>li. h. ab. 1.565; d. June 4, 1647; 
was the linn friend of the English, especially 
of Roger Williams. From him, W illiams 
obtained, March 24, 1638, the grant of land 
for his settlement of the future State yf IM. 
In lfi22, two years after the Pilgrims landed at 
Plymouth, Canonicus sent as a challenge a 
bundle of arrows tied with a snake-skin. The 
skin was returned tilled with powder and ball ; 
but the jieaee was unbroken. In 1632-5, 
there was a war between the Pequots and Nar- 
ragansetts, about the ownership of land lying 
between Paucatuck River and Wecajjaug 
Brook. Canonicus, after losing his son, burned 
his own residence, and all liis goods in it. 
Roger Williams calls him " A mse and peace- 
able prince." During his life, the Narragan- 
sctts, though engaged in wars with other 
Indians, remained at peace with the whites. 
Many years after his death, however, under the 
famous King Philip, they made war on the 
English, and were exterminated. 

Capers, Willia.m, D.D. (Aug. Coll., Ky., 
1839), bishop M. E. Church, b St. Thomas's 
Parish, S.C, Jan. 26, 1790; d. Anderson, S.C., 
Jan. 29, 1855. S.C. Coll. 1808. He became a 
travelling minister in 1808. In 1821, he was 
app. missionary to the Indians in Western (in., 
and travelled extensively throughout the State. 
He established a mission among the Creek In- 
dians on Flint River in 1822; preached in 
Charleston from 1825 to 1831, and edited the 
Wesleyan ./ounm!. In 1828, he was sent to 
Eng. as the representative of his church at 
the British conference. In 1835, he was elect- 
ed prof, of the evidences of Christianity in the 
U. of S.C, and afterwards took charge of the 
Southfrn Christian Advocate. For several years, 
he was one of tlie gen. missionary secretaries, 
and in May, 1846, was elected bishop of the 
southern division, which, at the gen. conference 
held at N.Y. in 1844, had separated from the 
northern on the slavery question. He was 
remarkalile for urbanity, elegance of style, 
and the oratorical finish and fune of his pulpit 
ministrations. 

Capron, Elisha S., counsellor at law, 
author of " Hist, of California, from its Dis- 
covery to 18.54," b. N.V., 1806. 

CardOZO, Isaac N., jouruulist and politi- 



cal economist, b. Savannah, Ga., June 17, 
1786 ; drowned in James River, Va., Aug. 26, 
1850. He received a plain English education 
in Charleston, S.C. In 1816, he became edi- 
tor of the .Southern Patriot, a free-trade organ 
in Charleston, becoming sole proprietor in 
1823, in which year he was active in establish- 
ing the chamber of commerce. He opposed 
the tariff act of 1823, but diil not adopt ex- 
treme nullification views. In 1845, he sold the 
Patriot, and soon after established the Erninrj 
News, another daily, of which he was commer- 
cial editor. He was a contrib. to the Son/hern 
Qiiiirterlu Kei^iea; and other periodicals, and in 
1826 put). " Notes on Political Economy. 

Carew, Sir Benjamin Hallowell, 
adm. R.N., b. Boston, 1760; d. Beddington 
Park, Eng., 2 Sept. 18.34. Son of Benj. Ilal- 
lowell, customs commissioner at Boston. En- 
tering the navy at an early age, he became a 
lieut. in Aug. 1781, capt. 1793, rear-adm. 
1811, and vicoadm. 1819, K.C.B. 1819, K. 
G.C. 1831. He was with Rodncv in the great 
fight with DeGrasse ; com. a ship of the line 
under Ilotham in the action off the HIeres 
Islands ; was a vol. on board " The Victory," 
in the battle of Cape St. \'incent; and, in com. 
of " The Svviftsure," contrib. essentially to the 
great victory of the Nile. He was with Hood 
at the reduction of St. Lucia and Tobago, and 
with Nelson in the W. Indies. He succeeded 
to the estates of the Carews on the death of a 
cousin in 1828. — Sabine. 

Gary, Alice and PHfEBE, two sisters, 
poets. Alice was b. Mount Healthy, nearCin- 
cin., O., April, 1820; d. N.Y. City, 12 Feb. 
1871. Walter, her emigrant ancestor, settled 
at Biidgewater, Ms. Her grandfather, a 
Revol. soldier of Ct., settled after the war in 
Hamilton Co , O. Robert her father, one of 
the first settlers of Cincin., d. II Feb. 1866, a. 
80. Alice firet became known by a series of 
sketches in the Salioiial Era, signed " Patly 
Lee." The sisters pub. jointly in 1850 a vol. 
of poems. She pub. a vol. of prose-sketches, 
" Clovernook," in 1851, a second scries in 18.53, 
and a third in 1854 ; " Lvra and other I'oems," 
1853; "Hagar, a Story of Tonlay," 1852; 
" Married, not Mated," 18.56 ; a new collection 
of poems, 1855; " Pictures of Country Life," 
1859; "Lyrics and Hymns." 1866; "The 
Bishop's Son," 1867; "The Lover's Diary," 
1867 ; and " Snowberries." In 1850, the sisters 
removed to N.Y. City. Phieue, b. Clover- 
nook, 1825, like her sister, was a frcijuent 
contrib. to periodicals, pub. in 1854 a vol. of 
poems and parodies, and recently, " Poems 
of Faith, Ho|)e, and Love." D. 31 Jnlv, 1871. 

Carey, Henuv Charles, political econo- 
mist, son of Matthew, b. Phila., Dec. 15, 
1793; was brought np a bookseller, becoming 
a partner in his father's firmin 1814. In 1821, 
he became the leading partner in the firm of 
Carey & Lea, the largest publishing-house in 
the country, and in 1835 withdrew from busi- 
ness to employ his capital in iu<lustrlal enter- 
prises. Limg a student of political economy, 
and originally a zealous partisan of free trade, 
he eventually became a protectionist. lie has 
pub. " Essay on the Rate of Wages," 1835; 
" The Principles of Political Economy," 3 



CA.R 



161 



vols., 8to, 1837-40; "The Cn-iVt Q^o. 
F^nce Great Britain, and Vh^'u S^""' ™ s" 

"ThUi T^ T""!"-' °^ Interests," 1830- 
^^ The Slave Trade, Domestic, and F^rei-n " 
Letters on Internation.il Convrighi " Tge^ • 
"Letters to the President on the Foreign and 
Domestie Poliev of the Union," Ig.^s " P in 
ciples of Soe.al Science," 3 vols., 8vo 'l85.-9 
A Series of Letters on Polit. Ec'onomv " 
addressed ,o W. C. Dryant, I860, ar d ano™i er 
series addressed to Hon. Seh„vlerCo!f,x78G5 
For several years, he eontril, the leading im' 
pers ,n the Plo,..,h. Ihe Loon, and th^Am-ii 
some of whieh were afterward eollec-ied in his 
-Harmony of Interests." He h.is alsow iten 
""rW°"'' '"'j'^'^'* '" 'he newspapers"!! 
V.v^^^J *5:'^''"^"'> political writer nub- 

.^H Jan. 1,60 d. Phila., 16 Sent isiq aJ 
prenticed to a printer,' he in ' 779 wrotf ^a 
pamph ct on the Irish Catholic question and 

in"rn"'r-80 XrT-'l V«"- k"'""" 

lor which he was committed to Xewgatc prison 
Restored to liberty, U Jlav, 1784 he came to 
Amer landed in Phih.., lo'xov and bv th^ 

the /i;")'"'"' "h^'TJ •'''" ^"O' establish^ 
thePen,,,,/,^„,a Herald. 25 Jan. 1783 In a 
duel with Col. Oswald, 21 Jan. 1786 he r^ 
ccived awound which confined him'to hU 
.on'' ^' '6 "'onths. He was subs^qnentlV 
connected with the Col„nA;„„ ^fa,,aTe ar,l 
the .1m,„™„ j/„,,„, a„j, e^tensivelv 

m bookselling and pnhlishing^n connec io^ 
with h.s sons. He took an active part i nchan" 

lood and other necessaries of life to hun 

ine HilKjrnian Societv. He pub. a " Hismrv 

t:%^:^^^' ?^ '^«-^': v'isc'enr:.^ 

isni- IT ' xi ,.^""^'"- Pocket Atla.s," 

'■ Mi:..ll *Y' "" ^,?'"- Economy," 8vo, 1822 • 

.M,>cel| Essays," 18.30; "The Olive 

crTa ,'l n •'""'"P' '" '•••'ionize the Fed- 
cr,il and Dcmoe. parties, 1814: " Vindiciie 
niberniea," ,819; and " Philosophv of Com 
mon .Sense; ■• TheXew Olive Branch," 18 "o • 
A zealous rhampion of the " protective system " 
of Anieiican industry, his writin-s in ifff, or 
."""nnl „• "««'-'"'v„ca,ed tTie s^'tcm of 
intern ,1 improvements to whieh Pa. is so much 
indebted. In 183.3-4, he eontrib his An, o- 
b.o^.raidiy to the A'. £'. .IA,.,«.-,„.. I„ ^g"" 
he h;id a controversy with Wm. Cohbett which 

':p:;:m.^;'?9;""=''^"^"p''-^-""^'^- 

c5;f}J^,'fSo";as^:"''""*'^°-^ 

isji \f I '-i"^'vo, 1800 assassinated 
rtn,r,l I "k"^ ""= ^<='''^™' Congress of 
Centra Amer., he was afterward elected cov 
of Costa H.ca and dictator from 1838 to IsiT 
His dictatorship was advantageous to the 
conn.ry ; for, while he repressed with a s°ron' 
hand all revol. tendencies, he devoted th? 

orthTma/T'""'"'" "'""' '° ""= P-'H'ot on 
ot the material interests of the S ate He 

^Tt '" '^?r!S" '^'''"' •""■" foods and brid»" 
•nd, above all, introduced the culture of coffee 



aAR 



H™a[do?^is'^:s;!..""p"^"-^^''S 

Carleton, Gdv (Lord Dorchester) a 
British gen., h. Strabane, Ireland T2^?i'',rt 
Nov. 1808. Entering the Guard a a"n eark 
a^-e, he became in 1748 lieut.-col. 7od re^t • 

?he e^eof r ."^V '"'^'T^'' .""der Amherst at 
tiie siege of Louisburg ,n 1758 ; under Wolfe 
at Quebec, as quartermaster-gen. in 1739 and 
was a bng.-gen and was wo'unded . the'sie"e 
of Be leisle. Made a col. in the armv "1!^ 
1 . 62 he served as quarterm.-gen. in the H ivan 
exped., and was wounded in the sncef.sf; " 
sanlt on the .Moro Castle. In 176 rb^came 
^cut..gov. , and in 1 768, gov., of Quebec in 1 7?l 
m.ij.-gen. and eol. 47th Foot; ami 29Aun- 7-1' 
Pl-^u. of the Province of Quebec In Oct' 
1..5, he attempted to retake Ticonderot" and 

and ■" a naval battle on Lake Champlain, 13 

A^old in i-"\'''^''"'^'' '^' fl"''!'" ""dcr 
eo™nc in !"«"' ""f '"'P^'-seded bv Bur- 

people. He embarked for En- 05 x ' . , "S? 
uas created Baron Dorchester! 21 Au^' ir^a' 

V A ^er™. hh' T ■'"''■ "''-' ^-- ^f Bi ifh 
^. Amer. ; his administration being marked bv 
tn Idness and justice. He was succeeded in his* 

nally named Hen,; CarLon C^ox .'"Lmowii'l" 
o Mp,., he established himself in N. oS "^ 

were in use La. Made attv of the eal" ," nW 
of La. in 1832. he was afterwar I jud^'e of X 
Supreme Court, resigning in 1839.-^ He visi ed 
Kuro,« several times and pub. in 1857 a •' 
on "Liberty and Neeessitv."_0/,. fte^JYc 
Carleton, Jv.^■Ks nk^Rv, brev'. m'aj- Jen! 

^J^i^iu^'wi,};'^;;!::-?;:^;;!::^:!^^- 

staff ,n .Mexico; made capt. Feb. 1847 and 
brev. maj. for gallantry at Buena Vista; 'Se,^ 

he r ,1 J"fh " "'"I ^"' '^'•''^- Earlv in fsG2, 
he ran-ed the vols, known as the ■" Column 
from Cal.." and marched with them to the iTio 

28, 1862, and ordered to relieve Gen. Canbv in 
r •.;<;, f^^-'-^P'-JN. Mexico ; lieu.'.nV-^Jh" 
^"..juiy .ji, 1866; brev. maL-'-en I'SA 
for merit, services in the war; eil.^dU.Scav: 



CAR 



162 



CAJR 



June, 1868. Author of a "History of the 
Bnttle of Buena Vistn," X.Y., 1848. ' 

Carleton, Osooou, a teacher of mathe- 
maties ami navi;;atlon ; (t. Litchfield, N.H., in 
Juno, 1816. A resilient of .Ms., lie pub. valuahlo 
maps of that State 'and of the district of Mc. 
•• The Amer. Navigator," 1801 ; "The South 
Aincr. Pilot." 1804; "A Mjip of the U.S.," 
1806, and " Practice of Arithmetic," 1810. 

Carleton, Thomas, British gen., bro. of 
Sir Gciv ; d. Feb. 2, 1817 a. 85. App. cnsi;,'n 
Wolfe's regt., 1755; eapt. 1759; brev. maj., 
1 773 ; quartermast.-gen. to the army in Canada 
in Nov. 177.'); lieut.-eol. 19th, 1776 ; col. Nov. 
20,1782; maj.-gcn. 179.3; lieut.-gcn., 1798; 
gen. I80.'i. lie liad seen service in Germany ; 
was wounded in the naval contest with Arnold 
on Lake Champlain in 1776, and was gov. of 
N. Bnmswick in 1 783. — Phili/Hirt. 

Carlin, Tmom.vs, gov. of 111., 1838-42, and 
a pioneer to that State in 1813, b. Kv., 1791 ; 
d. 4 FlIi. 1852. 

Carlin, William P., brcv .-maj.-gcn. 
U.S.A., b. Greene Co., III., Nov. 24, 1829. 
West Point. 18.50. Entering the 6th Inf., ho 
took part in the Sioux exped. in March, 1855, 
under Gen. Ilarney, and, in the summer of 
1857, com. a company in the exped. of Col. 
Sumner against the Cheyennes, who were de- 
feated at Solomon's Fork", Ks , Aug. 29, 1857. 
Early in 1858, he joined the Utah e.xpcd. under 
Gen. A. S. Johnston; eapt. March 2, 1861 ; 
Aug. 15, 1861, he took com. of the 38th III. 
regt., and, Oct. 21, defeated Jeff. Thompson at 
Fredcricktown, Mo. He com. the district of 
South-east Mo. till March, 1862, then com. a 
brigade under Gen. Steele in the exped. into 
Arit., and joined Pope's army in season to aid 
in the pursuit of Beauregard from Corinth. He 
•(listing, himself in the battle of Perry ville, Ky., 
Oct. 8, 1862, and at Knob Gap, near Nolens- 
villc, where he defeated Wharton's rebel cav- 
alry. His brigade bore a prominent part in the 
battle of Stone Uiver, Dec. 31, 1862, as is 
shown by its losses in that memorable conflict. 
He was made brig.-gen. 29 Nov. 1862 ; was in 
the Tullahonia cmnpaign, battles of Cliicka- 
mauga. Lookout. Mcmntain, and Mission. Ridge, 
Ringgold, Buzzard's Roo't, Rosacea, Kenesaw 
Mountain, siege and capture oJ Atlanta ; com. 
Istdiv. 14th corps in Sherman's march to the 
sea ; brev. col. for the battle of Jonesboro', Ga., 
Sept. 1, 1864; brev. brig.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865, 
for Bentonville, and brev. maj.-gen. for gallant 
and merit, services in the field during the Re- 
belllion. Maj. 16th Int., 8 Feb. 1864; transfer- 
red to 34th Inf , 21 Sept. 1866. — Ciilliiiii. 

Carlisle, Frederick Howard, 5ih earl 
of, one of the 3 commissioners sent to Amer. 
in 1778 to treat with the revolted colonists, b. 
May, 1748; d. Sept. 4, 1825. In the house of 
peers, he first disting. himself by his recom- 
mendation of conciliatory nieasutx's toward the 
American Colonies. Lord lieut. of Ireland, 
1780-2. Uncle and guardian of Lord Byron, 
and himself a poet of some merit. 

Carman, Capt., a brave seaman ; lost at 
sea on the coast of Spain in Dec. 1645. In 
Dee. 1642, he sailed fi-oin New Haven for the 
Canarie-. and, near the Island of Palma, was 
.attacked by a Turkish pirate-ship of 300 tons, 



with 200 men and 26 cannon ; he having onW 
20 men and 7 cannon. The tiller of the Turk 
was disabled ; and she fell off, leaving 50 men 
who had boarded Carman's ship, 'fhese ha 
attacked and killed, or forced overlioard. He, 
with others of his men, were wounded ; but ho 
lost only one man. — Savcuje's W'iut/i. ii., 124, 
239. 

Carmichael, William, diplomatist, b. 
JId. ; d. early in 1795. A man of fortune, of 
a disting. family. He was on his way to Anicr. 
in July, 1776, with despatches from Arthur 
Lee, but was detained at Paris by sickness, and 
assisted Mr. Deane, our minister, in bis corresp. 
and transaction of business tor more than 
a year. He communicated to the king of 
Prussia, at Berlin, intelliirencc concerning 
Amor, commerce ; assisted the commissioners 
at Paris ; was a delegate to Congress from 
Md. in 1778-80; was sec. of lesiaiion during 
Mr. Jay's mission to Spain ; and when the lat- 
ter left Spain, in June, 1782, he r;niained as 
char(]€ d'affaires, and retained iliat olliceab. 13 
years. In March, 1792, Win. Short was joined 
with him in a commission to negotiate a treat/ 
with Spain ; but the attempt was unsuecesstul. 
His leiters are in vol.'ix of Sparks's " Dipt. 
Corresp." 

Carnahan, James, D.D., LL.D., pros, of 

the full, of N.J. from 1823 to 1854, b. Cum- 
berland Co., Pa., Nov. 15, 1775; d. Newark, 
N.J. , March 2, 1859. N..J. Coll. 1800. At the 
time of his death, he was one of the trustees of 
the Coll., and pres. of the board of trustees of 
Princeton Theol. Sein. D.l). of Ham. Coll. 
1821. 

Carnes, Thomas P., jurist, b. Md. 1762; d. 
Millcilgovilie. Ga., .May 8, 1822. Removing to 
Ga., whore he attained high rank as a lawyer, 
he became suceesNivcly solicitor-gen., atty.- 
gen., and judge of the Supreme Court. JI.C. 
179.V5. 

Carnochan, Jons Mlrrav, surgeon, b. 
Savaninih, 1817. Hisfatherwasanativeof Scot- 
land, and his mother was descende<l from Gen. 
Putnam. After graduating in the high school 
and U. of Edinburgh, he returned to the U.S., 
and studied in the otfioe of Dr. Valentine Molt 
of N.Y. After taking his decree, he again 
visitcil Europe, and passed several years in at- 
tendance upon the clinical lectures of Paris, 
London, and Edinburgh. In 1847, he besan 
pr.ictice in N.Y., where his skillul and original 
operations gained him distinction. In K'^Jl, 
he was app. snrgeon-incliief of the N.Y. State 
Immigrant Hospital. In 1852, he perlorrnod the 
operation of amputating the entire lowor jaw. 
In 1854, heexsectod the entire nlna, saving- ihc 
arm, with its functions unimpaired, and snli^o- 
quently, iji another case, successfully removod 
the entire radius. In 1856, he ))erlorincd the 
startling operation of exseeting, for neuralgia, 
the entire trunk of the 2d branch of the 5th 
pair of nerves. Amputation at tho hip-joint he 
lias IWquentlv performed. In 1851, he bocanie 
prof of sur-cry in the NY. Med. Coll. He 
has pub. his lectures on partial amputations of 
the loot, lithotomy and lithothrity, and also a 
" Treatise on Congenital Dislooaiions," 1850; 
"Contributions to Operative Surgery," and 
has translated Scdillot's " Treatise on Operative 



C^R 



163 



CAB 



Medicine." an.i Karl Rokitanskj-'s " Pathologi- was ma<Io col •),! Til v„i 

Carpenter, Ben-jam..v. b. Rehoboth, 1 726 • he co m-^diviZ ■■ ^'■''■"''- ^' ^'=« K''is«. 

'1- i-"''!'''-.!, Vt. Mar. 29, 1823. He was a F?,, hi .fa .nl ""''""" '"^'"■'''■^ «■"»"''"' 

to.M„ler uC (iuiltbnl in 1 770, a field-officer of d, ,,,*■?/''•''' i'" "*' """^^ ''"'S.-gen. vols.; 
the Revol., member of the first Con"Tconv i; Gen" T^,' ' "•"" f 1''="?"' « '-"-""'l 

pt Vt., member of the council, and lient Jv T,! 5th cav.^rJ 'h'" ^'^■•i^'^y ''. ISS-', 

in 1778, and one of the council of censors h lie / ,. ''/ •^.."'' """^ " '''^'»'°n i" the 

Carpenter, Franxms B., nortra -pa nter B ,cb'l-M ' ?''''°"' ' *^">-' '«63; Big 

b. Homer, X.y! His portra'it^f 0*41^ a^oi Ma^' V '>''''""''' °" ^'^''^^ 

v,tt was exhibited at the Nat. Acad, in 185o A -fe Sent" I'n f ' ?K"''^ °^ ^""« K<>^k. 

Besides portraits of several e.v-presi^-nts and ^n U S^A ^3 Mar 18?.''' "f '""" ,'^"-- 

govcrnors, he has produced "The Emancina- div nV\ r'« •... ^^' "'"' '"™- "'« ■''' 

n.^^v^v' "^T^l" ^■' ^"S-K<-"- ^oU.. b. Alba- 
nis'r ,; T i *■ ^l'l"«"'iced to a tobaceo- 
.0. i ■■'>'• "f''' "'^' ^'°'- "'ili'i^'. rose 

f A XT "■ '^"'- '" ^'«y. '861, he was or- 
tZt "^- ^."""P?"^'''': Dnring the cam- 



" hue House, contains valuable personal me- 
moirs of Abraham Lincoln.— Tuckermm 
Carpenter, Gi;orge \V., merchant' and 

scientist, b. Germaiitown, Pa., Julv 31 ISO-^- 

d. there June 7, 1860. He was a^hi-l'ilv-sirc- 

cesslul merchant ; was treasurer of the Aead. 

o( ^at. Sciences from 1823; had a choice 

collection ol minerals; ranked high as a geolo- uerpotnM„„„ .xr 

gist, and was a member of manv European a ' n o° ttThLl-^b'"'' ^."""" "■« <^-''™- 



Materia Mediea," and " Me.lical Cliesri>Ts- 
pen.satory " and was a contrib. to tlie Journal 
of .Udlical baence. 

Carpenter, Stephen Cdlles, author b 
Eng. ; d. 1820. Reporter of Hastings's trial' 
Came to Amer. in 1803. In 180.5, he com- 



gen bept. 7, 1862, He com. the 4th div. Han- 
cock , corps in the Va. campaign of 1864 and 
was in the battles of the Wilderness ' 

Carr, Sir RODEUT, British commissioner 
Lo V JY • S''"["'' '''"-' •'""'' 1. '667. Ho 
wasofIthall,NorthnmberlandCo. Hewasann 
conimis. hi- PI,<,,1„.. IT :_ .„,. Y "''^''PP- 



fersonian work. I n7 .0 "and I? he^ elu ^Ut Yo'rk •'■'r "'"'". "f ^"'^"' "'"l -I'edit S 

Phila. the Minor of Taste, atdOnunatcet h clrT" 1 ""^ t"^"' ""^-"vards James 

for, and in 1815 pub. at PI ila. 2 vo of •' Se the n^ ''"^ ""^ ^'^'"''^^ ""<• I^"fh on 

lect Amer. Speeches, with Prc^at„?v Re' e,,,?nJ'r r' '"'° "• '"&''"''*''""' ^«'' 1. '664 ; 
marks," beinga' se,uel'to Dr. Clia, ,„ n^ " Se unction wiu'bi': '" ^t '"''■ «""■ '" ™"- 

^et .Speeches." He also wrote "U Campbell's nri le ,^ nT.^ f ™-'"'j'"o'-s. assumed the 

Overland Journcv to India " N Y 1809 10 P'^' 'I'"' Po^^'^fs of govt. 
0,„,rh;,ck. ■ ' ^•»-- '809-10.- CarreU, Geobge ALorsins, D.D R c 

Carr, D..bn-ev, a member of the Va. house CmSton ^jt \ ^^"'ll ''""^ '•^' '«03 ; d. 

ofjMirgesses; d. Charlottesville, Va., Mav 6 his ,h™T\ ^^■' ^'P.\?-^' '^''^- Completing 

I "■•!,«. 30. Hemoved and eloquently ipp^rted mett sb, rl' he w'.s "' .^"""^ ^■'^ ^^''y'' ^'^■ 

a resolution to app. a committee of corresp. in several vfar in Phi? ^rw-,'"- ^^''^ ' ^P^"' 

consequence of British encroachments, which belAme'in 7s37 '^'"'*-.''"'i^^'l™>ngton, Del.; 

was adopted Mar. 3, 1773. He m a s .te nf ^"f"'^ '" '837 prof in the U. of St. Louis 

Jeir,r.on, by whom 'he is described a a m°n w. ^T "i '?" ??"•• '■'""•'^'' "^ St. Xavierj 

of sound jiulgment and inflexible pnr^lx.,'." ^u^ T Hnln Co^l '" \'t'-V ^"''- "^ ">« 

of a jKjwerful elo„uencc. Dabvev hi «on h o.'L .'„'.■ .'.^"'.'°". P"."' ""^ ^t. Xavier Church, 



1853, 



Commenced to practise la^ af'Altma ie w s C^rrera lluiM^r "^T ""^t^'""- 

chancellor of Winchester dist. from 1811 to W f,f f? ''^'"-'V™' ^"^^ Migdel, Jvxs 

.824, .,^dge of the Court of Appeal^ \Z ^uCi^^bil^"" Th^T^t ^^ ^ ^ 

r^^^^^^^Jo.^^r^. n- Ss ?'•■---' -Si' 2 



Carr, Euoexe a., brev. maj.-gen. U S A 
^iv.''"" r"; ^'•'^'•' ^'"'■- -'0, 1830. West Point,' 
18-^0. Entering the mounted jHfles, he was for 
«vernl years engaged in Indian warfare in 
Xew Mexico, Texas, and the West. In a skir 
nish near Diablo Mountain, 10 Oct. 1854 he 
i-ns severely wounded, and for his gallatitrv 
^ns promoted to 1st lieut. 1st cavalrv. In 



,„„., ., , — ■'"- "tau ui inc revoi. 

gou. they were taken prisoners by the Span- 
iards in 1813, and confii'icd at Taloa, biu soon 
regained their liberty, and also their power 
which had been assumed bv O'Uiggins durin- 
their conhnement. The defeat at Raucac-ua' 
n Oct. 1814, compelled the Carreras ,o q it 
the cc.,in,ry. Juan and Luis were again takea 
at .Muidoza, and, at the instigation of Gen. San 
luartin, were executed Apr. 8, 1818 Don 



858,hewasintheUtah^ d ll}^n7i85V jS, T" """"'T' '^^'- «' '818. D^n 

-as made capt. 1st c^v.. aU in i^« ^iz;!:;::^^^::::::,::^^^^^ 



164 



CA.R 



Carrera, Maktinez, ex-pres. of Mexico; 
d. 11 Apr. 1871. 

Carrera, Rafael, ruler of Guatemala, h. 
Guiiteiiiala Citv, 1814, of mixed Indian and 
negro blood ; d! Apr. 1 4, 1865. In 1829, when 
Morazan was pres., Carrera became a driimmer- 
boy. In 1837, he placed himself at the head 
of a band of insurgent mountaineers, and in 
Feb. 1838, occupied the city of Guatemala, 
with 6,000 Indians, whom he restrained from 
their anticipated pillaije and massacre ; but, an 
accommodation huviii;^ taken place, Carrera 
was sent in an official capacity to Mcta, a 
neichboring district. Apr. 13, "l839, he a^'ain 
entered the capital, and in 1840 he completed 
thetriumphof the disunionistsarid State-rights 
party by the defeat of Gen. Morazan. Ruling 
first as gea-in-chief, he was elected, Mar. 21, 
1847, pres., and Oct. 19, 1851, pres. for life. 
Ill Feb. 1851, with 1,500 men, he defeatc.l the 
combined forces of San Salvador and Hondu- 
ras. When first elected pres., he did not know 
how to read and write, but afterward, in some 
measure, repaired the deticiencies of his educa- 
tion. His govt, was absolute. — Men of the 

Carrier, Thomas, of remarkable longevity, 
b. in the west of Eng. ; d. Colchester, Ct., May 
16, 1735, a. 109. He settled in Audover, Ms., 
and in 1664 m. Martha Allen, who, Au;;. 19, 
1692, fell a victim to the witchcraft delusion at 
Salem. He passed the last 20 years of his life 
at Colchester, and, shortly before his death, 
walked 6 miles to see a sick man, and visited 
his neighbors the very day before he died. 
Notwithstanding his age, his head was not 
bald, nor his hair gray. 

Carrigain, Philip, lawyer, b. Concord, 
N.II., Fell. 20, 1772; d. there Mar. 16, 1842. 
Durtm. Coll. 1794. His father Philip, b. 
X.Y., 1746, d. Concord, Aug. 1806, was a 
physician and surgeon of eminence in C. The 
son practised law successively at Concord, Ep- 
som, Chichester, and again at Concord ; was 
sec. of State of N. H. 4 years, and also clerk 
of the senate. He surveyed a great part of 
N.H., of which he pub. an excellent map in 
1816. 

Carrington, Edwaed, lieut.-col. Revol. 

army, b. Va., Feb. 11, 1749; d. Richmond, 
Va., Oct. 28, 1810. Commissioned lieut.-col. 
of Harrison's art. regt., Nov. 30, 1776. De- 
tached with a portion of this regt. to the South, 
he was made prisoner at Charleston. Carring- 
ton was afterward employed by Gates and by 
Greene, who made him his quartermaster gen. 
Aided by capt. Smith of the Md. line, he ex- 
plored the River Dan, and made every prepa- 
ration for Greene to cross it with lis army ; 
then joined him near the Yadkin, and was an 
active and ctficient officer in the memorable re- 
treat to the Dan. He com. the artillery, 
and did good service at the battle of Hobkirk's 
Hill. Apr. 24, 1781, and aUo at Yorktown. 
M. C. in 1785-6, and was foreman of the jury 
in Burr's trial for treason. 

Carrington, Col. Paul, statesman of the 
Revol., bro. of Col. Edward, b. Va., Feb. 24, 
1733; d. at his seat, Charlotte Co., Va., Juno 
22,1818. Wm. and Mary Coll. Of English de- 
sceul, bis maternal grandfather and his father 



had emigrated to Va. by way of Barbadoes, an : 
were both engaged in the exped. of Col. Byrd. i 
1736, to fix the honndary-lme between Va. :i.i 
N.C. He studied law in the office of Col. Clem- 
ent Read, clerk of the Co. of Lunenburg, ab. 
1748 ; m. his dau ; commenced practice at 21, 
and soon rose to eminence. From 1765 to 1775, 
he was a member of the house of burgesses, and 
voted against the Stam|>-act re^iolutions of Pat- 
rick Henry. He was a member of various con- 
ventions in 1 775-6, and of the committee which 
reported "the Declaration of Rights and the 
State Constitution. He then took bis seat in 
the house of delegates, from which he passed 
to the bench of the General Court in May, 
1779, and to the Court of Appeals in 1789, in 
which last he remained until 1811. Member 
of the committee of safety during the whole of 
its existence, and, in the Va. convention, voted 
for the ado]ition of the Constitution, and was 
a member of the committee to rc|)ort amend- 
ments. Three of his sons were in the army, — 
GtoROE ; Paul, who was at the battle of Guil- 
ford, a graduate of Wm. and Mary Coll., mem- 
ber of the H. of delegates at 22, afterward in 
the Va. senate, and judge of the Superior 
Court, d. Jan. 8, 1816, a. 52 ; and Col. Clem- 
ent, who was severely wounded at Eutaw. — 
Gri'/slii/. 

Carroll, Chables, last surviving signer 
of the Declaration of Independence, b. Anna|>- 
olis, Sept. 20, 1737; d. Baltimore, Xov. 14, 
1832. Descended from a wealthy Irish Catholic 
family, who came to Md. during the reign of 
William and Mary. He was educated at St. 
Omer'.s, and at a Jesuit coll. at Rlieims, and 
studied law in France, and at the Temple, Lon- 
don. Returning home in 1764, he soon became 
noted as an able political writer, and advocate 
for liberty. He inheriteil a vast estate, and was 
considered the richest man in the Colonies. In 

1775, he was a member of the first committee 
of observation established at Annapolis, and a 
delegate to the prov. convention. In Feb. 1776, 
he was app. a commissioner with Franklin and 
Chase, accomp. by Rev. John Carroll, to visit 
Canaila, and induce the Canadians to nnite 
with the Colonies. A journal of this mission, 
with a memoir by B. Mayer, was pub. 1845. 
Returning in June, he labored assiduously in 
the convention to authorize the Md. delegates 
in Congress to join in a decl. of indep., which 
was done June 28. He was a ilelegate'to Con- 
gress from July 4, 1776, until 1778, and an effi- 
cient member of the board of war. In the lat- 
ter part of 1776, he was one of the committee 
to draft the cmstilution of Mil.; and in Dec. 

1776, also in 1781,1786, and 1797, was elected 
to the State senate. Ho was a U. S. senator 
in 1789-91 ; and in 1799-1801 was a commis- 
sioner to settle the boundary-line between Va. 
and Md. July 4, 1828, whei'i he had ])assed the 
patriarchal age of 90, attended by one of the 
most imposing civic processions ever seen in 
the U. S., he laid the corner-stone of the Bal- 
timore and Ohio Railroad. In natural s,'\ga- 
city, in refinement of taste, and in unaffi;cted 
and habitual courtesy, he had few equals. His 
grand-daughter. Miss Caton, afterward Mar- 
chioness of Wcllesley, d. Hampton Court Pal- 
ace, Dec. 17, 1853. 



CA.R 



1(35 



CAR 



Carroll, Daniel, cousin of Charles, b. Md.; 
d. Wasliinj,'ton, B.C., 18+9, at a great aije. 
Delegate to the Old Congress, 1780-4. He 
was a delegate from Md. to the convention 
which framed the U. S. Cfimstitution ; M. C. 
in 1789-91, and was in the latter year app. 
commissioner for surveying the Dist. of Co- 
lumbia. His farm formed the site of the pres- 
ent city of Washington. 

Carroll. Daniel Lynn, D.D., Presb. cler- 
gyni.m, h. Favetle Co., Pa., 10 .May, 1797 • d 
Phila., Nov 23, 1851. Jeff. Coll. 1823. Li- 
censed to preach, 6 Oct. 1826. D.D. of the U. 
of X. y. He succeeded Dr. Beecher as the 
minister of Litclifield (1827-9) ; was in 1829- 
35, pastor in Brooklyn ; in 1835-8, prcs. of 
Hamp. Sid. Coll. ; in 1838-44, pastor in Phila.; 
and afterward sec. of the N. Y. Colonization 
Society. He pub. 2 vols, of sermons, 1846-7, 
some addresses, sermons, and tracts. — Hiimque 
Carroll, John, D.D., LL.D., cousin of 
Charles, R. C. bishop of the U. S., b. Upper 
Marlborough, Md., Jan.8, 1735; d. Bait., Dec. 
3, 1815. Educated at St. Omer's, Liege, and 
Bruges ; ord. a priest in 1769, and became a 
Jesuit shortly after. In 1 770, he accomp. Lord 
Stourton on a tour through Europe as private 
tutor, and in 1773, on his return to Bruges, ac- 
cepted a professorship in the coll. After a brief 
residence in Eng., he returned to Md. in 1775, 
and entered u|)on the duties of a parish priest.' 
Apr. 2, 1776, by desire of Congress, he accomp. 
Dr. Franklin, Charles Carroll, and Samuel 
Chase, on a mission to Canada. In 1786, at 
the instance of Dr. Franklin, Mr. Carroll was 
app. viear-gcn., and fi.\ed his abode in Balti- 
more. In 1 789, he was named first R. C. bishop 
of the U. S., and went to Eng. in the summer 
of 1790, where he was consecrated, Aug. 15. 
In the same year, he returned to Baltimore, and, 
a. the scat of his episcopal .see was estalili^hed 
in that city, assumed the title of Bishop of Bal- 
timore. In 1791, he founded St. Marv's Coll., 
and, in 1804, obtained a charter for Baltimore 
• Coll. Devoid of intolerance, he lived in friend- 
ly communion with persons of other sects. A 
few years before his d., he was raised to the 
archiepiscopacy. 

Carroll, Samuel Sprigg, brev. m^j.-n-en. 
U. S. A., b. W;L-hinglon, D.C. West Point, 
1856. Entering the 10th Inf , he became capt. 
I Nov. 1861 ; col. 8th Ohio Vols., 15 Dec. 
1861 ; brig.-gen. vols., 12 May, 1864 ; lieut.-col. 
21sl U. S. Inf, 22 Jan. 1867. He served in 
West Va., Dec. 1861, to May, 1862; com. a 
brigade in Shields's division, Mav-Aug. 1862 ; 
engaged at Port Republic and Cedar Mountain ; 
was wounded at the Rapidan, 14 Aug. 1862; 
com. bri^radeSd corps at Frcdcricksbui^; brev' 
maj. 3 May, 1863, for Cbaneellorsville, and 
lieut.-col. 3 July, 1863, for Gettysburg; com. 
bri^'ade 2d corps, and l.rcv. col. 5 Mav. 1864, 
for battle of the Wilderness; wounded, and 
brev. brig.-gen., 13 Mar. 1 865, for battle of 
Spottsylvania (9-13 Mav, 1864); and brev.maj - 
gen. voU., and also of U. S. A , 13 Mar. 1865, 
for gallant and merit, services durine the Re- 
bellion. — Culliim. 

Carroll, Gen. William, soldier and 
statesman, b. Pittsburg. 1788; d. Nashville, 
Tenn., Mar. 22, 1844. lie was engaged in the 



hardware business in Pittsburg, whence, in 
1810, he went to Nashville. Tall, well-formed 
and fond of military life, he attracted the at- 
tention of Jackson, by whom he was made 
capt. and brigade-insp. in his division, Feb. 20, 
1813 ; col and insp.-gen. Sept. 1813, to Mav' 
1814. In 1813, he fought a duel with Je<s"e' 
brother of Col. Thos. H. Benton. Disting. him- 
self at Euotoehopco ; was wounded in the battle 
of the Horse-shoe Bend of Tallapoosa River, 
Mar. 27, 1813; maj. -gen. of Tenn. militia, Nov' 
13, 1814, to May 13, 1815; disting. in the de- 
fence of New Orleans, and especially in the 
battle of Jan. 8, 1815. Gov. of Tenn in 
1821-7 and 1829-3.i. 

Carruthers, vVilliam A., novelist, b. 

Va-. ab. ISiW: d. ab. 1850. He was a student 
of Wash. Coll. in 1818; and in the Knicker- 
bocker Mar/, for July, 1838, gives an account of 
a hazardous ascent of the Natural Bridge. Va. 
He pub. several works in N.Y., ab. 1834^ and 
removed to Savannah, Ga., where he practised 
medicine, and wrote for the Magnolia, and other 
Southern magazines. He pub.'" The Cavaliers 
of Virginia," " The Kentuckiansin New York, 
or the Adventures of Three Southerners," 
" The Knights of the Horse Shoe," Wetump- 
ka, Ala., 1845, and "Life of Dr. Caldwell." — 
Diti/chiiick. 

Carson, Christopher, popularly known 
as "Kit Carson," mountaineer, trapper and 
guide, b. Madison Co., Kv., Dec. 24, 1809; d. 
Fort Lyon, Col. Terr., May 23, 1868. While 
yet an infant, his family emigrated to Howard 
Co., Mo. He became a skilful hnnter. The 
early years of his life were passed as a trapper ; 
and he was for 8 >cars hunter to Bent's fort. 
Fremont engaged him as guide in his explora- 
tions. In 1847, Carson was sent to Washing- 
ton, bearer of despatches, and received an app 
as lieut. U.S. Rifles. In 1853, he drove 6,500 
sheep to Cal., a difficult undertaking, and, on 
his return to Taos, was app. Indian agent iu 
New Mexico. He was subsequently "largely 
instrumental in bringing about treaties between 
the U.S. and the Indians. During the late war, 
he rendered great service to the Union, in New 
Mexico, Colorado, and the Indian Territorv, 
and was a brev. brig.-gen. At its close, he re- 
sumed his duties as Indian agent. In 1868, he 
visited Washington with a deputation of the 
Red men, arid made a tour of several of the 
Northern and Eastern States. Unlike many 
of his profession, he w.as a man of remarkable 
modesty, and was an excellent judge of the 
Indian character. 

Carter, James Gordon, educationist, b. 
Leominster, Ms., Sept. 7, 1795; d. Chica'-o 
July 22, 1849. II. U. 1820. He taught school 
at Leominster until 1830. In 1823, hecontrib. 
to the Boston Patriot a series of papers subse- 
quently pub. with the titleof" Carter's Ess.iys 
on Popular Education." In 1823, his "Letie'rs 
to the Hon. William Prcscott, on the Free 
School* of N.E., with Remarks on the Princi- 
ples of Instruction " first developed the idea 
of a normal school, or seminary for teachers. 
In 1824, he edite.l the £/..•>'. lievlew, at Boston. 
In 1830, he assisted in organizing the Amer. 
Institute of Instruction, of which he was long 
an active member and officer. His lectures be' 



CAH 



166 



CAR 



fore that body in 1830-31 are valualj'.e ooiitri- 
biitions to iis transactions. From 1835 to 
18+0, he was a member of the house or senate ; 
was chairman of the committee on ciUication, 
and in 1837 drafted the bill establishing the 
board of education. Gov. Everett ap]). him 
the first member of the board. Antbor of 
Cir(i"ra|jh_v of Ms , of Middlesex and of Wor- 
<:.::-!rr- Comities, 1830, and of N. H., 1831. 

Carter, Nathiniel Hazeltine, author, 
b. Conciird, N.H., Sept. 17, 1787; d. Mar- 
teilles, France, Jan. 2, 1830. Dart. Coll. 1811. 
lie tauiibt school at Salisbury, N.H., and at 
Portland, Me.; studied law; and, from 1817 to 
l>>iO, was i)rof.of languages in Dartin. Coll. lu 
182(1, he became editor and proprietor of the 
All'diu/ AViyiVpr, afterward the N.Y. Shitesimin, 
a pa|)iTof Clintonian politics, and in Jan. 1822 
j-cMiovcd to N.Y. City. He made the tour of 
Europe in 1825-7, and, on his return, pub. 
" Letters I'lom Europe," 2 vols., 8vo, 1827. He 
passed the winter of 1828 in Cuba; relinijuished 
his paper in 1829, and went to France for his 
healtb, and while on shipboard, believing his 
end near, he wrote the lines entitled " The 
Closing Scene; or. The Burial at Sea." His 
longest poetical piece, entitled " The Fains of 
Imagination," was delivered at Dartm. Coll. 
iu 1824. His " Hymn for Christmas" is pre- 
served in " Specimens of American Poetry." 

Carter, Samuel, Powhatan, brig.-gen. 
vols., b. Elizabcthtown, Carter Co., Tenn., 
Aug. 6, 1819. He was educated at N.J. Coll., 
and, in Feb. 1840, became midshipman in the 
navy. From 1851 to 1853, he was assist, in- 
structor of inf. tactics at the naval acad. In 
1855, he was made lieut. ; was present at the 
cajiture of Vera Cruz, serving on board " The 
Ohio," and also assisted in the capture of the 
Barrier forts near Canton, China, in 1856, and 
was complimented for gallantry on that occa- 
sion. Ho was ordered again to the Annapolis 
naval school as assist, instructor of seaman- 
ship, 1858-9. In July, 1361, he was tempora- 
rily transferred to the war dent., for the special 
duty of organizing troops from East Tenn. 
He was app. col. 2d Tenn. Vols. ; was acting 
brigadier at the battle of Mill Spring, and was 
made brig.-gen. May 1, 1862. In Dec. 1862, 
he com. a cavalry exped. whichcut the E.Tenn. 
Eailroad, destroying nearly 100 miles of the 
track, besides inflicting other damage. He 
participated in the capture of Knoxville, and 
com. in E. Tenn. in the fiill of 1863. He com. 
a div. under Gen. Schofield in the N.C. cam- 
paign of Mar 1865. 

Cartier, Sir. George Etienne, Canadi- 
an lawyer and statesman, descended from 
Jacques, b. St. Antoine, L.C., 6 Sept. 1814. 
St. Sulpicc Coll., Montreal. In 1835, he began 
practice in Montreal ; member of the Canadi- 
an parliament, 1848-61 ; prov. sec. Jan.-May, 
1856; atty.-gen. May 24, 1856; leader of the 
French Canadian conservative party ; prime- 
minister, Aug. 1858-May, 1862; atty.-gen. for 
Lower Canada, Mar. 1864; delegate to Eng. 
on the questions of confederation and the inter- 
colonial railway in 1865, and again in 1866. 
Author of many legislative and judicial re- 
forms. Min. of militia Dom. Govt, since 1868. 
Cartier (kar'-teea'), Jacques, a French 



navigator b. St. Malo, Dec. 31, 1494; d. ab, 
1555. The importance of having a colony 
near the fisheries of Newfoundland induced 
Francis I., alter some unsuccessful attemjjts, to 
send out Cartier inl534. He sailed from St. 
Malo, Apr. 20, with 2 ships of 60 tons, and 122 
men. May 10, he saw Bona Vista, on the Is- 
land of Newfoundland ; but, compelled by the 
ice to steer to the south, he entered a harbor at 
the distance of 5 leagues, to which he gave the 
name of St. C^atbarine. Entering the Straits 
of Belle Isle, ho visited the greater part of the 
coast of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and took 
possession of the country in the name of the 
king. A bay which he discovered, was, on ac- 
count of the sultry weather experienced in it, 
named by liim <Je Chaleiir; and he explored the 
great river afterwards called the St. Lawrence, 
returning home in Sept. A settlement having 
been determined upon, he received a more 
ample commission, was assigned 3 vessels, and 
sailed May 19, 1535. Ascending the St. Law- 
rence, he discovered an island, which he named 
Bacchus, .but which is now called Orleans, in 
the vicinity of Quebec, and continued his 
voyage as far as Uoclielaga, an Indian settle- 
ment u])on an island which he called Monle 
Roi/iil, now Montreal. He set sail for France 
in the following May, taking with him 10 of 
the natives, and arrived in July. In May, 
1540, as pilot, with the command of 5 ships 
under Koberval, coinmis.sioned lieut. -gov. of 
Canada, he sailed on his third expedition, and 
built a fort which he called Charlesbourg, near 
the present site of Quebec. On his way to 
France, in the spring of 1542, he stopped at 
St. John's, Newfoundland, where he met Ro- 
berval, who did not accompany him in his voy- 
age, by whom be was ordered to return to 
Canada; but choosing, rather, to pur-ue his 
voyage to France, he sailed out of the harbor 
privatelv in the night. After his return from 
his second voyage, he pub. (1545) "Memoirs of 
Canada." The journals of the two tirst jour- 
neys of Cartier are contained in the 32d vol. 
of Ramnsio's Italian Collection! Venice, 1565), 
also in Lescarbot's " Hiatoire de lu Nuuvdk 
Friincp : " a description of his 3d journey is in 
the 3d vol. of Hakluyt's " Principal Naviga- 
tors," &c., 1600. 

Cartwright, Col. George, was one of 
the cornmissioiiers to N.E. with Xicolls, Carr, 
and Maverick, in 1664. When, on their arri- 
val at Boston, the commissioners informed 
the General Court that they .should next day sit 
and hear a cause against the gov. and company, 
the court pub. "by sound of trumpet " its (li>a]>- 
probation of this proceeding, and prohibited 
all persons from abetting it. The commission- 
ers, finding that they had to deal with men of 
this stamp, soon departed in disiileasure. 
Cartwright, on his voyage to Eng. in 1665, 
was taken by the Dutch, and barely escaped 
with bis life. 

Cartwright, Capt. George, author of "A 
Journal of Transactions and Events during a 
Residence of nearly 16 Years in Labrador," 
3 vols., 1792, Newark; b. Marnhain, 1739; d. 
1819. In the 7-years' war, he served in Germa- 
ny, and attained the rank of capt. 

Cartwright, Major John, political re- 



c^^ja 



167 



CAR 



former, b. Eng., Sept. 28, 1740; d. London, 
Sept. 2.3, 1824. He had been an officer in the 
British army. In 1774, he attracted notice by 
advocating the freedom of the Colonies, and, in 
177.'), pub. a tract, entitled "American Inde- 
pendence the Glory and Interest of Great Bri- 
tain." This publication caused a rupture be- 
tween him and his friend. Lord Howe, whose 
otter of a com. under him, against tlie Ameri- 
cans, he had rejected. It advocated a union 
between the Colonies and the muther-i'ountry 
under separate legislatures, and placed the 
question on the foundation of natural, inherent 
right. April 2, 1777, he presented to the king 
an address, recommending peace with Amer., 
and proposing the union he had before sug- 
gested in his letters on Anier. independence. 
In 1780, he joined with Dr. Jeb5 and Granville 
Sharpe in forming the " Soeiety for Consiitu- 
tional Information." His sentiments in favor 
of liberty subjected him to trial, and the pay- 
ment of a fine, June 1, 1821. He pub. several 
political tracts, and. in his "Letters on the 
Slave Trade," favoi'ed the making that traffic 
piracy. Uis Lite and Corresp., by his niece, 
Frances Ij. Cartwright, contains a map of his 
discoveries and explorations in Newfoundland, 
remarks on the aborigines, corresp. with Thos. 
Jefferson, &e. 

Carrajal (kar-va-hal'), Fran'CIS db, a 
Spanish captain, b ab. 1464; d. 1548. He 
disting. himself at the battle of Pavia, and at 
the sack of Rome in 1527; then served in 
Aciier., whither avarice had led him, and con- 
tributed to the victory of Chiapas, which Vaca 
de Castro, gov. of Peru, obtained over the 
young Almagro, and, in 1542, became a major- 
gen. Ranging himself on the side of Gonzales 
Pizarro, he became the soul of his party. Made 
prisoner with him in 1548, he was condemned 
to be hung. He was then 84 years old. Car- 
vajal resembled the other conquerors of theXew 
World, both in valor and cruelty. More than 
20,000 Indians whom he had enslaved are said 
to have given way under the weight of the labor 
he had heaped upon them. 

Carrallo (kar-val'-yo), M.tsnEL, lawyer 
and diplomatist of Chili, b. Santiago, June, 
1808. Finishing his education in the National 
Institute in 18.30, he was at once app. chief 
clerk of the congress of plenipotentaries at San- 
tiago, chief clerk of the state dept., represen- 
tative in Congress, and charged' affaires to the 
U. S. He m. at Washington, returned home 
in 1835, and became a disting. lawyer. Minis- 
ter to the U. S. in 1846. He has a profound 
knowledge of the law of nations ; is a moniber 
of the committee to reform the Chilian Code: 
of the faculty of law and political science of 
the U. of Chili, and of some foreign societies. 
His printed legal opinions and arguments form 
a thick vol. 

Carver, Johm, first gov. of Plymouth, b. 
Eng.; d. Plymouth, Ms., April 5, 1621. He 
had a good estate in Eng., which he spent in 
the emigration to Holland and Amer., and was 
K deacon or elder in Mr. Robinson's church. 
He had quitted his country for the sake of re- 
ligion, and had established himself at Leyden, 
when he was sent to effect a treaty with the 
Va. Company concerning territory m N. Amer. 



He obtained a patent in 1619, embarked in 
" The MayHower," and, after a dangerous voy- 
age, landed at Plymouth Dec 21, 1620. Pre- 
vious to their landing, on Nov. 21, the colonists 
agreed upon and subscribed a written instru- 
ment, by which they formed themselves into a 
body politic for their better order and preser- 
vation ; and Carver was unanimously elected 
gov. He tnanageil the affairs of the infant 
colony with prudence ; was a man of great piety, 
integrity, and lirmness of mind ; and exhibited 
great address in his intercourse with the Imli- 
ans, but died soon alter landing. 

Carver, Jo.nathas, traveller, b. Stillwater, 
N.Y., 1732; d. London, Jan. 31, 1780. In the 
French war, he com. with reputation a company 
of provincials in ilie e.\ped. against Canada. In 
1763, he undertook to explore the vast territory 
gained by Great Britain in N. Amer. lie ac- 
cordingly left Boston in 1766, and having 
reached Miehilimaeiiiac, the remotest English 
post, applied to Mr. Rogers, the gov., for an 
assortment of goods, as presents for the Indians 
inhabiting the track he intended to pursue. 
Having received a part of the required supply, 
with a promise that the remainder should be 
sent after him at the Falls of St. Anthony, he 
continued his journey ; but, the remainder of 
the goods not reaching him, he was under the 
necessity of returning to Prairie du Chien. 
Hence, in the beginning of 1767, he directed 
his steps northward, with a view of finding a 
communication from the heads of the Missis- 
sippi into Lake Superior. He reached Lake 
Superior, and returned, after continuing some 
months on its northern and eastern borders, 
and exploring the bays and rivers that empty 
themselves into this large body of water. Soon 
after his arrival at Boston, in Oct. 1768, up to 
which time he had travelled near 7,000 miles, 
he set out for Eng., " to communicate the dis- 
coveries he made, and render them beneficial 
to that kingdom." On his arrival, he presented 
a petition to the king, praying for a re-imbursc- 
ment of the sums he had expended ; and, after 
undergoing an examination by the board of 
trade, he received permission to publish his 
papers. His travels were pub. in 1778. The 
profits he derived from it were, however, in- 
sufficient to relieve his necessities; and, in the 
winter of 1779, he obtained a subsistence by 
acting as clerk in a lottery-offii-e Having sold 
his name to a historical compilation, which was 
pub. in 1779, in folio, entitled " The New 
Universal Traveller," containing an account of 
all the empires, kingdoms, and states in the 
known world, he was abandoned by those 
whose duty it was to support him. In the 
early part of 1780, he wa.s reduced to a state 
of extreme destitution, and was carried off by 
dysentery. The circumstances of his death 
were made known to the public by the benevo- 
lent Dr. Lettsom, who brought out a new edi- 
tion of his travels, for the benefit of his widow 
and children, and inade such a representation 
of the author's sufferings, as finally led to the 
institution of the Literary Fund. Besides his 
" Travels," Carver wrote an excellent trea- 
tise on the cultivation of the tob.icco-plant. 

Cary, Cot,. Archibald, patriot and states- 
man, b. Va., ab. 1730; d. Ampthill, Sept. 1786. 



C.AJS 



168 



C-A.S 



He cat])- became a member of the II. of biir- 
(jesscs. In 1764, he served ou the coiiimittee 
which reported the address to the kiii^', lords, 
and commons ; in 1773, lie was one of the com- 
mittee of correspondence, and he served with 
distinction in the convention of 1776. Aschiiir- 
man of the committee of the whole, he rcimrted 
the resolutions instructing the \'a. delegates in 
Congress to propose independence. Upon the 
organization of the Slate govt., he was re- 
turned to the senate, where ho presided with 
great diynitv and elHciency until his death. 
Jle Wits descended Irum llenrv, Lord llunsdon, 
and at the time of his death was heir-a|)p;irent 
of the barony, lie was a man of singular 
courage and intrepidity, short in stature, but 
possessed of great personal beauty. 

Cary, John, colored ^ervant of Washing- 
ton, wliom he accomp. in the old French war, 
at Draddock's defeat, auil through the Uevol. 
war ; b. Westmoreland County, Va., Aug. 
1729; d. at Washington, June 2, 1843, in his 
U4thyear. 

Gary, Lott, a Baptist preacher, originally 
a slave in Va.,b. there ali. 178i); d. Monrovia, 
Nov. 10, 1828. In 1SU7, he joined a Baptist 
church in Riehi; ond, Va., made rapid progress 
in learning, ai>al soon, exhibiting talents of a 
superior ordc" ueeanie a preacher, and saved a 
sum suffieient to purchase the freedom of him- 
self and family. He accomp. a colony of emi- 
grants to Liberia in 1821, the existence of 
which was mainly preserved by his efforts, in 
appreciation of which, he was in 1825 elected 
the vice-agent. While engaged with others in 
making cartridges for an exped again>t the 
natives, who had robbed a ncighlioring fac- 
tory, a candle was overturned, occusioning an 
explosion, which caused the death of Cary 
and seven others. 

Cary, Col. Richard, aide-de-camp to 
Washington in the Kevol., b. Charlestown, Ms., 
Jan. 13, 1747; d. Dec. 13, 1806. H. U. 1763. 
App. A. D. C, 21 June, 1776. 

Gary, Col. Simeon, b Bridgewater, Ms., 
Dec. 6, 1719; d. 18(^2. Capt. in the French 
war, col. in the Kevol., and held many local 
offices. 

Gasa Irujo de (kii-sae-roo-ho), Carlos 
Makia, MAitriNt-z, Marquis, a Spanish 
statesman, b. C.irtugena, 1765; d. 1824. From 
1795 to 1808, he was minister to the U.S., 
where he ni. a dan. of Gov. Thos. McKcan. 
Plenipo. at the congress of Aix-la-Chapello 
in 1818 ; ambassador to I'aris in 1821 ; minis- 
ter of foreign alfairs, and pres. of the council, 
182.5-4. 

Gasal de (da-ka-sal'), Manuel Avres, a 
I'ortiigiiese gcograplier, who emigrated to Bra- 
zil in iiis yiniili ; nnule explorations theix', resid- 
ing some liine in Rio Janeiro, and d. in Lis- 
bon many years after the publication of his 
Historical and Geogi'ai)hical Description of 
Brazil, 1817. 

Gasas (dalil^kii-sii^), Bartiiolomi.:w DE 
las, a philanthropic Spiinish niissionarv, b. 
Seville, 1474; d. Madrid in 1566. In 1493, 
he, with his father, acconip. Columbus to the 
West Indies. 5 years after, he returned to 
Spain, and entered the ecclesiastical order. He 
again accomp. Columbus in his seeoud. third. 



and fourth voyages ; was ordained on his arrival 
at St. Domingo in 1510, and, on the conquest 
of Cuba, settled there, and disting. himself by 
his huuutne conduct towards the oppressed na- 
tives, over whom he attained great influence. 
Besides setting at liberty those who had tallea 
to his share in the divi>ion, he interested him- 
self so much tijrtlicm, that, in 1516, he went to 
Spain to lay a statement of their case before 
King Ferdinand, whose death at that time pre- 
vented any nicasnres for their redress. The 
regent, Cardimil Ximenes, however, app. a com- 
mission, whom Las Casus accomp. with th : title 
of '■ IVotector of the Indians." He next ap- 
plied for a grant of an unoccupied tract in 
order to try his own plan with a new colony. 
Having obtaiiicil this, with 200 persons whom 
he had persuaded to accompany him, he landeil 
at Porto Rico in 1521, but found an exped. 
advancing to ravage this very tract, and con- 
vey its inhabitants to Hispaniola as slaves. 
He endeavored in vain to prevent the threat- 
ened danger, and with a few adherents returned 
to Hispaniola to solicit succor. During his 
ab,sencc, the natives attacked the colonists with 
such success, that, in a short time, not a Span- 
iard remained in that part of America. In 
despair at the failure of his project, Las Casas 
retired to the Dominican Convent at St. Do- 
mingo, and assumed the habit of the order. 
While on a mission to Spain in 1542, he com- 
posed his celebrated treatise, "Bnrissiiiiit litla- 
cluii de la Destruoion des hides," in which ho 
cx|K>sed the cruelties practised by the Span 
iards. His unremitting perseverance at 
length obtained a new code of laws and regu- 
lations, by which the natives were greatly 
relieved. He returned in 1544, at the age of 
70, and for the 8th time, to Amer. as Bishop 
of Chiapa, which office he resigned upon his 
return to Spain in 1551. He met with diffi- 
culties in the administration of his idshopric, 
and, having refused the sacraments to those of 
the colonists who reduced the Indians to sla- 
very, drew upon himself not only the hostility 
of the planters, but also the disapproval of tho 
church. The charge that he advised the ini- . 
jKirtation of negro slaves as a substitute for In- 
dians has been completely refuted by M. Gre- 
goire, says the "Xotivelle Biot^raphle G€ii€niU." 
He composed several unpublished works, 
among which is a "General History of tho 
Indies." which greatly assisted Ibrrera in his 
history. All his works display profound learn- 
ing, ))iety, an<l sound judgment. 

Case, AcGisTus Ludlow, commodoro 
U.S.N., b. Newbuigh, N.Y., Feb. 3, 1812 ; mid- 
shipm. Apr. 1. 1828; lieut. Feb. 25, 1841; 
commander, Sept. 14, 1855 ; capt. Jan. 2, 1863 ; 
coinmo. Dec. 8, 1867. He served in the Bra- 
zil sipiad, and in the W.I., 1828-34 ; in the ex- 
ploring exped., 1838-42. During the Mexican 
war, 18+6-8, he participated iu the capture of 
Vera Crnz, Alvarado, and Taba«co ; alter 
taking posses.sion of Laguna, he took with 25 
men, and held for a fortnight, the town of the 
same name o.i the Palisada River; com. 
steamer " Caledonia," Brazil squadron and 
Paraguay exped., 1859; com. steam-frigate 
" Jlinnesota, 1861-2; engaged Forts Clark 
and Hatteras, Aug. 28, 29, 1861 ; took part ia 



CAS 



1G9 



CA.S 



the buttle of Roanoke Island, Feb. 7-8, 1 862 ; 
com. Iroquois N.A. blockad. squad. 186.3. He 
hail charjje of the blockade of New Inlet, N.C., 
ami was cn^a^'cd in cutting out the steamer 
" Kate " from under the batteries at New Inlet. 
Liuhtliouse insp, 1867-69; chief of bureau of 
ordnance. Auff. 10, 1839. 

Casey, Gkx. Levi, Revol. officer; M.C. 
1803-7, li. S.C..1749; d. Washington, D.C, 
Feb. 1, 1807. He com. a company, with which 
he assisted in the assault on Savannah ; was 
disting. at Rocky Mount, Hanging Rock, 
Musgrove's, King's Mountain, Fishing Creek, 
Blackstocks, and the Cowpens, where he per- 
formed services of great importance to Mor- 
gan ; and represented the Ncwbuiy (list, in the 
Stale ICL'isl. and in Congress. — Xut. Inttll. 
Feb. 6, 1807. 

Casey, Silas, brev. ninj.-gcn. U.S.A., b. 
East Greenwich, R.I., July 12, 1807. West 
Point, 1826. Entering the 2d Inf., he became 
capt. 1 July, 1839, disting. under Worth in Flor- 
ida war in 1837-41 ; brev. major forContreras 
and Churubusco, Aug. 20, 1847 ; com. and 
severely wounded while leading stormers at 
Chapultepec ; and brev. licut.-col. July, 1848 ; 
lieut.-col. 9th Inf., March 3, 1855; com. and 
disting. in operations against Indians on Puget's 
Sound, W.T., 1856; col. 4th Inf., Oct. 9, 1861 ; 
brig. -gen. vols., Aug. 31, 1861, and charged with 
organizing and disciplining the vols, in and 
near the capital. He was afterward assigned 
a division in Gen. Kcyes's corps of the Army of 
the Potomac, and, occupying with it the ex- 
treme advance before Richmond, received the 
first attack of the enemy at Fair Oaks, May 
31, 1862, for which he was brev. brig. -gen. 
U.S.A.; maj.-gen. May 31, 1862; brev. maj. -gen. 
U.S.A., 13 Mar. 1865, for gallant and merit, 
services in the Rebellion. Retired Jnly 8, 
1868. In 1867, he received the thanks of the 
R.I. legisl. for his services in the Rebellion, and 
especially for his bravery, skill, and energy at 
the battle of FairOaks. Author of " System 
of Infantry Tactics," 2 vols., 1861, and of "In- 
fantrv Tactics for Colored Troops," 1863. — 
CuHim. 

■ Casilear, J. W., Innd.scape-painter of 
New York. Engraver and designer for the 
Amer. Bank Note Co. until 1854. He spent 
2 years in Europe in 1840-2, visiting the great 
galleries of art. In 1857-8, he sketched in 
Switzerland and Savoy. He excels in lake 
scenes and in Alpine peaks. Among his best 
works are " Lake George," " June," " Swiss 
Lake," " The Four Sea^ons," and " Chocorua 
Mountain, N.H." His works evince truth, 
precision, and delicacy. He in. a N.H. lady in 
1867. 

Cass, Lewis, statesman, b. Exeter, N.H., 
9 Oct. 1782; d. Detroit, 17 June, 1866. Son 
of Jonathan eapt. in Revol. army, who d. 
Zancsville, O., 11 Aug. 1830, a. 77. At 17, 
wiih an academic education, he crossed the Alle- 
ghany Moiintains on foot, studied law, and be- 
gan practice in Zanesville. ah. 1802. Member 
O. legisl. at 25 ; marshal of the State in 1807- 
13 ; col. 3d (). rcgt., which, nnil«r Gen. Hull, 
invaded Canada, and surrendered at Detroit, 
Aug. 16, 1812 ; app. col. 20th Inf., Feb. 1813 ; 
brig.-gen. U.S.A., 12 Mar. 1813, and was a 



vol. aide to Harrison at the battle of the 
Thames; app. gov. of Michigan Terr., Oct. 
1813, and, as superintendent of Indian affairs, 
negotiated 19 IndiMn treaties. In 1819-20, he 
organized a scientific exploration of the Up- 
per Mpi. Resigning the office of gov. in 1831, 
he was app., in July, sec. of war by Pres. Jack- 
son ; was minister to France in 1836-42; 
U.S. senator, 1845-8, and, nominated by the 
Democ. convention at Baltimore to the presi- 
dency in May, 1848, received 137 electoral 
votes to 163 for Gen. Taylor, the Whig candi- 
date. Again U.S. sena'tor, 1851-Mar. 1857, 
he voted for Douglas's Kansas-Nebraska Bill 
in 1854. Sec of State to Pres. Buchanan, 
Mar. 1857-Dee. 1860, resigning on account of 
the pres. declining tore-enforce the garrison of 
Fort Sumter. While -sec. of war, the policy 
of removing the Imlians to the west of the 
Mpi., which he strenuously advocated, led to 
the war with the Seminoles in Florida, who 
were finally subdued at the cost of much blood 
and treasure. At the close of his diplomatic 
career, he attacked the "quintuple treaty," for 
the .suppression of the slave-trade. His criti- 
cisms on tlie Ashburton Treaty, negotiated by 
Mr. Webster, then sec. of State, produced a 
sharp controversy between the two. In his 
letter to Mr Nicholson, in Dec. 1847, he op- 
posed the Wilmot Proviso, and questioned the 
power of Congress to exclude slavery from 
the Territories. It first enunciated the doc- 
trine of " Popular (Squatter) Sovereignty." He 
supported the compromise measures of 1850, 
and favored a compromise in the disunion 
movement that followed Mr. Lincoln's election. 
Though approving Buchanan's denial of the 
existence of any power in the Constitution to 
coerce a State, he was yet in fall sympathy 
with the national cause during the Rebellion. 
Author of" France, its King, Court, and Gov- 
ernment," 1840 ; articles upon Indian affairs in 
the .V. A. Refiew, Nos. 50 and 55. also contrib. 
to the Soiilhern Lit.Messeixjer. — See Sihoohra/l, 
Life of Cass, 1848; \V. L. G. Smith, Life of 
Cass, 1856. 

Cassin, John, capt. U.S.N., b. Phila., ab. 
1750; d. Charleston, S.C, Mar. 24, 1822. 
He was app. from the merchant-service a lieut. 
in the nnvv, Nov. 13, 1799 ; master, Apr. 2, 
1806; post capt. July 3, 1812. He com. the 
naval tones in the Delaware, for the protec- 
tion of Phila., in the War of 1812. Father 
of Com. Stephen Cassin, U.S.N. 

Cassirt, John, ornithologist, b. near Ches- 
ter, Pa., Sept. 6, 1813 ; d. Jan. 10, 1869. He 
removed to Phila. in 1834, and, excepting a few 
years of mercantile pursuit, devoted himself to 
ornithology. He contrib. descriptions of new 
species to the Proceedings and the Journal of. 
the Phila. Acad, of Natural Science and pub. 
" Birds of California and Texas," 8vo, con- 
taining descriptions and colored engravings 
of 50 species not given by Audubon ; a " Sy- 
nopsis of the Birds of N. America," " Ornithol- 
ogy of the U.S. Exploring Expeil.,"" Ornithol- 
oiry of the Japan Exploring Exped.," " Orni- 
tlioloiiy of (iilliss's .Astronomical Exped. to 
Chili," and the chapters on rapacious anil wad- 
ing Birds in " The drnitliolngy of the Pacific 
Railroad Explorations and Surveys." He was 



CA.S 



170 



CA.T 



of a Quakei' family, several of whom have 
disting. themselves in the naval and military 
service. Com. John Cassin was his great-un- 
cle. 

Cassin, Stephen, commodore U.S.N., h. 
Phila., Feb. 16, 1783; d. Georgetown, D.C., 
Aug. 29, 1857. Son of Capt. John Cassin. 
Entered the navy as midshipman, Feb. 21, 
1800; became a lieut. Feb. 12, 1807; master, 
Sept. 11, 1814; capt. Mar. 3, 1825. Served 
with distinction in the war with Tripoli ; com. 
" The Ticonderoga," in Jlacdonougb's victory 
on Lake Champlain; was rewarded by Congress 
with a gold medal for bravery in that action, 
and was a terror to the pirates who infested 
the West Indies, and captured 4 of their ves- 
sels, Sept. 28, 29, 1822. 

Castilla (kas-tel'-ya), Ramon, pres. of 
Peru; b. Tarapaca, Aug. 31, 1797; d. May 
25,1867. In 1821, Castilla, then a lieut. In the 
Spanish cavalry, joined the liberating army, 
and disting. himself. In 18.34, he fought brave- 
ly against Pres. Orbcgoso, when the latter be- 
trayed his country to Santa Cruz, ])res. of 
Bolivia. In 1844, he overthrew the dictator 
Vivaneo, for which eminent service he was 
elected pres. in 1845. Under his administra- 
tion, negroes received equality of rights, Indi- 
ans were freed from oppressive burdens, capi- 
tal punishment was abolished, and freedom of 
the press secured. At the close of his term, in 
1851, he was succeeded by Gen. Echenique, 
but usurped the power in 1855, and was re- 
elected pres. in Aug. 1858. In 1861, he made 
an unsuccessful attempt to annex Bolivia. In 
1867, he headed an insurrection against Pres. 
Prado. Castilla was one of ihe last of the 
representative men who freed S. Amer. from 
Spanish rule. 

Castin (kas-teen'), Vincent, baron de, b. 
Oleron, France. Was of a noble family ; was 
well educated ; was col. of the king's body- 
guard, and of the regt. of Carignan, which lie 
accomj). to Canada in 1665. Disbanded at 
the close of the war, he established a trading- 
house, at Penobscot, now Castine, in 1687, and 
m. the dau. of Madocawando, a Pcnobsiot 
chief. During his absence in 1688, his house 
was pillaged by the English. In 1696, he, with 
Iberville, led 200 savages against Pemaquid, 
which he captured. In 1706, he assisted in the 
defence of Port Royal, and again in 1707, 
when he was wounded. He was much es- 
teemed by the Indians, and feared by the Eng- 
lish. His son, the Baron de St. Castin, who 
succeeded him in the com. of the Penobscot 
Indians, was surprised in Dec. 1721, and car- 
ried prisoner to Boston. He d. on his estate 
in France. 

Castries (kas'-tre'), Armand Nicolas 
Augustine, Ducde, son of the Marshal de Cas- 
tries, and a col. in the Amer. war, where he 
was known as the Count de Charhis, b. Apr. 
1756 ; d. 1842. Col. en second regt. Saintoni/e; 
made brig, of cavalry in 1782; received the 
brevet title of Duke de Castries in 1784. He 
was deputy to the nat. assembly in 1 789, and 
defendeil the monarchy with such energy as 
occasioned a duel with Charles Lameth. -In 
1794, he raised a corps of emigrants in the pay 
»f Eng., returned to France with Louis XVIII., 



and was made a peer and lieut. -gen. He was 
gov. of Rouen when Napoleon returned from 
Elba, and made strenuous efforts in the cause 
of royalty. 

Castro de (da kas'-tro), Vaca, a Spanish 
officer, b. at Leon ; d. 1558. He was a judge of 
the Royal Court at Valladolid, when, in 1.540, 
Charles V. sent him as gov. to Peru, then dis- 
turbed by the rebellion of Almagro. In 1542, 
a battle was fought at Chupas, in which Al- 
magro was defeated and taken, and, by order 
of Castro, executed on the spot. Super- 
seded in 1544, he returned to Spain, where he 
was several years imprisoned. — Prescott's Con- 

<JUtf!t of Pt'l'll. 

Caswell, Alexis, D.D. (B.U. 1841), 
LL.l). (1865), pres. of Brown U. since Feb. 
1868. B U. 1822. Prof of languages Col. 
Coll., D C. ; prof, of math, and nat. philos. 
B.U., 182S-.50, and of math and astron., 1850- 
64. Author of " A Memoir of John Barstow," 
1864. 

Caswell, Richard, statesman and soldier, 
b. Md., Aug. 3, 1729; d. Fayetteville, N.C., 
Nov. 20, 1789. He moved to N.C. in 1746; 
was for some years employed in the public of- 
fices, and afterward studied and practised law 
successfully. He was a member of the assem- 
bly from 1754 to 1771 ; speaker of the house 
in 1770-1, and com. the right wing of Gov. 
Tryon's forces at the battle of Allamance, May 
16, 1771. Identifying himself with the patriots 
at the breaking-out of the Revol., he was a dele- 
gate to Congress in 1774-5; treasurer of the 
southern district of N.C., Sept. 1775 ; 3 years 
pres. of the Prov. Congress, which framed the 
State constitution in Nov. 1776, and was gov. 
of the State during the trying period of 1777-9. 
Feb. 27, 1776, he com. at the battle of Moore's 
Creek, defeating a large body of loyaUsts under 
Gen. McDonald, who was made prisoner, — a 
victory of great benefit to the patriot cause in 
N.C, and which earned for him the thanks of 
Congress and the app.of maj.-gen. for the dis- 
trict of Newbern. "In 1 780, he led the State 
troops in the disastrous battle of Camden ; was 
chosen speaker of the senate, and controller-gen. 
in 1782; was again gov. in 1784-6; was a 
delegate to the convention which framed the 
Federal Constitution in 1787, and in 1789 was 
elected to the State senate from Dobbs Co., and 
also a member of the convention which in Nov, 
ratified the Federal Constitution. When the 
assembly met, he was chosen speaker, and 
while presiding, Nov. 5, 1789, was struck with 
paralysis. He was grand-master of Free 
Masons in N.C. ; and on his death a funeral 
oration was delivered by Francois X. Martin. 
His son William served through the Revol , 
and was a brig.-gen. of militia in 1781. 

Catesby, Mark, F.R.S., naturalist, b. 
Eng, 1679; d. London, Dec. 24, 1749. A 
taste for natural history, early imbibed, induced 
him in 1710, after studying the natural sciences 
in London, to make a voy.age to Va., where he 
was occupied in collecting its various produc- 
tions. He returned to Eng. in 1719, with a 
rich collection of plants, but at the suggestion 
of Sir Hans Sloanc, and other eminent natu- 
ralists, re-embarked for Amer., with the pro- 
fessed purpose of describing, delineating, and 



CAT 



171 



CATV 



collecting the most curious natural objects in 
that country, arriving in May, 1722. He re- 
sided cliiefly in Carolina, whence he made 
excursions to Ga., Fia., and the Bahama Is- 
lands, and, on his return to Eng. in 1726, he 
prepared for publication, in two vols, folio, 
" The Natural History of Carolina, Florida, and 
the Bahama Islands/' 17-31-48. In this work 
were found the first descriptions of several 
plants which are now cultivated in all ['airo- 
pean gardens. The fi^'ures were etclu'il hy 
himself, from his own paintings; and the colored 
co])ie3 were executed under his own inspection. 
Catesby was a fellow of the Roy. Society, to 
whose transactions he contrib. a paper assert- 
ing the migration of birds, on his own olwer- 
vations. A plant of the tetrandrous class has 
been called, after him, Catesbea, hy Gronovius. 
He wrote " Ilwtii-i Brttlanno Amertcamts.'* 

Cathcart, Willi.\m Shaw, Earl, soldier 
and di|)iumatist. h. 1753; d. June 16, 1843. 
Educated at the U. of Glasgow, and desi-jned 
for the law. Entered the army in June, 1777 ; 
came to Amer., and served with the 16th dra- 
goons, and afterward as the aiile of Gen. T. S. 
Wilson and Sir Henry Clinton. He served 
gallantly at the storming of Forts Montgomery 
and Clinton, and was wounded at Brandywine 
and at Monmouth. He raised and com. the 
Caledonian Vols., subsequently known as Tar- 
leton's British Legion ; maj. 38th Foot, .Vpril 
13, 1779, and com. that regt in the actions at 
Springfield and Elizabethtown, N.J., in June, 
1780; served as qnartermaster-gen. until the 
arrival of Gen. Dalrymple; was present at the 
siege of Charleston, and returned to Eng. in 
Oct.; brig. -gen. in 1793, under Lord Moira, 
and served under the Duke of York in 1794; 
lieut.-gen. 1801 ; com. in Hanoverin 1805 ; was 
minister to Sweden in 1807, and joined Lord 
Gambier in the exped. against Copenhagen ; 
made viscount, Nov. 3, 1807; gen. in 1813; 
minister to Russia, 1813-14. and createil a Bri- 
tish peer, June 18, 1814. He was the represen- 
tative of En;;land in the Congress of Vienna, 
lu April, 1779, he ra. the dan. of Andrew Elliot 
ofN.V. 

Cathrall, IsA.tc, M.D., phvsician, b. 
Phiia.. 1764; d. Feb. 22, 1819. "He studied 
meillcine under Dr. Redman, and in London, 
Edinburgh, and Paris. Returned home early in 
1793, and during the prevalence of yellow-fever 
in that year (in which he suffered severely with 
the disease), and in 1797-9, he remained at 
his post, and even dissected those who d. of the 
disease. He pub. "Remarks on the Yellow- 
Fever," 1794; " Buchan's Domestic Medicine, 
with Notes," 1797 ; " Memoir on the Analysis 
of the Black Vomit," 1800, in vol. 3 of the 
"Trans, of the Amer. Philos. Society," and a 
pamphlet on the yellow-fever in conjunction 
with Dr. Currie.in 1802. He was a surgeon 
of the city almshouse from 1810 to 1816. — 
Tltachfr. 

Catlin, Geokge, artist, and tourist among 
the Indians, b. Wyoming Valley, Pa., ab. 1796. 
His father was a lawyer. George studied law 
in Ct , practised 2 years, and subsequently, 
though uninstructcd in the art, became a 
painter in Phila. In 1832-9, he visited some 
48 Indian tribes, painted 200 of the chiefs and 



warriors. He also visited Fla. and Ark. Hia 
letters were pub. in 2 vols., 8vo, with illustra- 
tions, 1841; also "North-American Portfolio 
of Hunting-Scenes," fol., 25 plates, Lond., 1844; 
" Notes of 8 Years' Travel and Residence in 
Europe," Lond., 2 vols., 8vo, 1S48; "Life 
among the Indians," " Okeepah."Lond., 1867. 
His gallery of aboriginal jiortraits was exhib- 
ited in the principal cities of America aud 
Europe. 

Catron, .Jony, jurist, b. Wythe Co., Va., 
1778; d. Nashville, Tenn., .30 May, 1S65. 
With only a common school education, he 
studied in Tenn., and was adni. to the bar in 
IS15. He served one campaign, under Gen. 
Jackson ; became State atty. for his circuit, and 
removing in 1918 to Nashville, where he sub- 
sequently resided, attained high rank as a 
chancery lawyer; chosen judge of the State 
Supreme Court in Dec. 1824; he was chief- 
justice in 1830-6, and in March. 1837, was 
made a justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, where 
his great knowledge of the laws applicable to 
land-titles rendered him exceedingly useful. 
In 1860-61, he opposed secessi m, and was 
driven from the State, but returned in 1862. 
His State decisions are in " Yerger's Tenn. Re- 
ports," i.-viii.; his opinions as a national judge, 
in the later vols, of Peters, the 20 vols, of 
Howard, and (he 2 vols, of Black. 

Caulkins, FaAXCiis MAVWARiyo, au- 
thor, b. N. London, Ct., April 26, 1795; d. 
there Feb. 3, 1869. She tanght school in Nor- 
wich and N. London, until 1834, when she 
adopted literature as a profession, residing in 
New Haven from 1836 to 1842, and afterward 
in N. London. She was a contrib. in prose 
and verse to the N. London papers, and wrote 
for the Amer. Tract Society ; 6 vols of "Bible 
Studies," 1854-9 ; and " Eve and Her Daugh- 
ters," 1861. Slie was also a contrib. to their 
American Mesxen^er. Author of a " History of 
Norwich," 1845, a new and enlarged edition, 
1866, 8vo, and " History of New London," 
Svo, 1852 and 1860. .She was a member of 
several historical societies. 

Cavendish, Lord John, a British states- 
man. Son of the 3rd Duke of Devonshire ; d. 
Dec. 19, 1796. He was one of the lords of the 
treasury under the ministry of the Marquis of 
Rockingham, and, in the Amer. war, was a 
constant opponent of Lord North, whom he 
succeeded as chancellor of the exchequer in 
1782. 

Cavendish, Tho-mas, an eminent English 
navigatoi', b. 1364; d. 1593. He was the son 
of a gentleman who pos.sessed a good estate 
at Trimley St. Martin, in Suffolk, which he in- 
herited ; but, having impoverished himself by 
living at court, he fitted out some vessels for a 
predatory exped. against the Spanish- American 
Colonies, with a view to retrieve his affairs. 
In 1585, he accorap. the exped. under Ralph 
Lane and Sir R. Grenville, to colonize Va. 
He sailed from Plymouth with 3 small ships, 
July 21, 1586, and after having ravaged the 
western coasts of America, and taken a Spanish 
vessel of 700 tons, richly laden, he sailed across 
the South Sea, and returned bv way of the 
Cape of Good Hope to Eng., Sept. '9, 1588; 
having circumnavigated the globe in less time 



CKR 



172 



ChLA. 



tliiin any prrcwlini; (ulvcntiiror. The (fr""' 
wciillh, 111 well iiH fiimc, wliiph he ncrjiiirwl 
from tliin iin>lcrriikin|;, |ir<)inpU!(l liiin toenKi>;{e 
in iinoihcr vii_vi(j{(!, on which h« cmhurltcil Aii^- 
UR, iri!M, TcrnpifKtiioiiH w<;iith<;r, HicknoHH, hikI 
othiT cniiiicH, contriliiiti'd lo rruilcr the 
lt(^heml; unf'ortuniiti:; iirul (Javcmiish hiniHclCilicil 
on th(! ('mint of lirazil, »r on ih<; piiHiiu;;u homo, 
CroMi djckiH^ii, iiml uricf'ut hiii ill HiKrccm). Au- 
thor of " VoyiiK" "' Mii^'i'llanica in ISHS." 

Corrachl (ehdiiik'-kei;), Oii;nKri'B, iin 
Italian WMilptor, ami an anl(;nl lli'|iiililI(Mn, 
({iilllolineil tiir I'onHpiriii;; iii;ain'<t Nnpolnin, 
IWIU, 1). jil.. WGf). Cjiini! to riiila. in 17«l, 
anil i-xi'i'uti'il a noMc liupit of Wa«liin;;Ion, hIko 
of Ali'x. Hamilton, nnil oiIkt vniincnt mkmi. 
WliiMi Honapartc invaih-il Itiilv in I7!)0, lio 
Miaili! a Htatiic of that ;;i:ni'ral. In IHOO, hav- 
ing formed with Arena anil others a ilcsifn to 
nxHaHHinate the llrxt con^nl, he jiroposeit to 
make anotlier xlatnc ; liut hiit ilcKi|;n wan dc- 

tOeteil. 

Chabert ("hil'-hair'), JoHKiMi Bkuvaiid, 

MarijiiU of, a ilistinttniihi'il navi(;ator, Rntron- 
omer, ami (,'('o({rapher, h. Toulon, F"ch. 28, 
I7ai; il. I'aiiH, Dee. I, 1805. He entcreil the 
naval Kerviec in 1711 ; waH an enthiniamie to- 
pof;rapher, iinil pliiniieil am! execnteil maps of 
tliu tthoruH of N. Amerii'ii ami the Malitcrra- 
nciin, eHpeeially of (inreee; heeamo in 17r)8 
B meniher of the French Aeaileiny, unil, durini; 
the Amer. war, lie illHtin);. liiniHelf no lii;;hly, 
that, in 1781, he was made eominandor of a 
miiinilron, and viee-admiral, I79'2. Driven hy 
the Kevol. to ICni;land, hu returned to I'aris in 
1802, when Honaparto nBsij^ned him ft pen- 
nion, and, in 1801, upp. him lo tlie hoard of 
lon;;itude. One of liin prineipal workn eorn- 
priKeH his ohservalionH on the Arjieriean coast, 
ftnd in entitled " V<ii/iiii<'h Hitr Ivh (Jilifx tin I 'Ain€- 
rlque Sriiltmlrionti/i','' Paris, \7T>3, 4to. — Nuiw, 
liin'i. (li-n. 

Chalkley, Thomah, Quaker preacher, h. 
London, Mar :), ir.7.'); il, 'rorlola, oire of ihc' 
Viijfiii Islatids, Sept 4. 174 1. lie was pressed 
on hoard a man-of-war at the a(;e of ZO, hut was 
dismissed, as liis principles (orhade him to (1^:111. 
After tinishing his apprenlieeship to a trade, 
he travelled and preached in En;;, for a few 
months, and eii;;at;ed in the love of the t'ospel 
to visit frii^nds in Amer. Ijandiii;; in Md. in 
Jan. U)!)8, he travelled one year, visitin;; N. 
Kn;;. and Va., and, after " several ^'ood and 
open mectin;;s in Va.," returned to Kn;;. After 
n.iourney to Ireland, ho removed permanently 
to Amer" Sellliii),' his wile in I'hihi., 1701, ho 
oci'iipleil himself in jiiunu'vs tlirou;;!) various 
narts of (lie country. In 1707, liea;;jiiu visited 
Marliadoes; saili'd theiici! Ii)r Kn;; , and was 
sliiiiwrecked on the Irish ciiast. Upon leaving,' 
Ireland, he joiirueyeil tliniu;;h (ireat Hritaiu, 
and, after a visit to lliillainl and (iermanv, re- 
turned to I'hila. Mis ".louinal," which ho 
eontinuecl to within a few davs of his death, was 
pull., with a coll. of the anilior's wrilin;;s, in 
I'hila. in 17r.». repriule.l at N.V. iti 1H08. Hy 
II heipiest in his will, hefiiuiideil the Library 
of the l''rieti(ls at I'hila. — /M,/.//„,/,-, 

Chulraors, ( iDimu k, histiuical and political 
writer, h. Koehal.irs, Seollaud, 1742; d. in 
London, May 21, 1825. ilu wi>s educated at 



Kinu's Cfdl., Aberdeen, and at Edinburgh. 
In 176."}, he accomp. his uncle to Amer. for the 
purpose of (tiving him legal assistance in the 
recovery of a large tract of land In Md., and 
practised his profession at Haltimore, where in 
a fijw years he ue<piireil an extensive and profit- 
able business. i)n the breaking-out of the 
Revol. in 1775, he went to Kng, not one of the 
least sufFeriug loyalists. Not receivitig eom- 
fXMiHalion for his losses, he applied himself to 
the prejiaration of hi* " Political Atinalsof the 
I'resent Utiited Colonies," pub. in 1780 ; " An 
Introduction to the History of the Revolt of 
the Oilonies ; " " Estimate of the Comparative 
Strength of Great Hritain during the i'rettcnt 
and Kour Preceding UeignB," which went 
through several editions, and was translated 
into Kreneli and German ; atid " Opinions on 
Interesting Subjects of Public Law and Cotn- 
merciid Policy, arising from American In- 
dependence." In Aug. 1 786, he was app. chief 
clerk of the board of trade ; and, for the next 
40 years, continued to pub. a variety of works, 
of which the principal are " Churchyard Chips 
concerning Scotland," " Life of Mary, Queen 
of Scots," and his " Caledonia," which he did 
not live lo complett!, but by which alone ho 
will he known to posterity. Under the uom de 
jiliimi! Francis Oldvs of the U. of Pa., he pub. 
" Life of Thos. Paine," Loud. 8vo, 17'.ll-2. 

Chalmers, Lionki., M.D., plivsiiian, b. 
Camhietoii, in the West of Scotlauir, ab. 1715; 
d. 1777. A gradmilc of the U. of Edinburgh. 
Ho came to Carolina when very young, and 
practised, first in Christ Church Parish, and 
afterwards in Charleston. In 1754, he wroto 
" Useful Hetnarks on Opisthotonos and Te- 
tanus," which were pub. in the first vol. 
of " The Observations and Ini|uiries of the 
Medical Society of Lonilon," and in 171)7, at 
Charleston, " An Essay on Fevers." IJesides 
several smaller productions, he also pub. a 
valniible work lllnstrativo of the weather and 
diseases of S. C, 2 vols., Lond., 177G.— 
Tlmrh.r. 

Chambers, Ezkkiki. F'., LL.I). (Y. C. 

18;).l), jurist mid statesman, b Kent Co., Md., 
Feb. 2H, 1788; d. (;hiirlcstown, Md, .Ian. HO, 
18117. Wash. Coll., Mil., 1805. Adui. to the 
Md. bar in 1808. In the War of 1812, he did 
mililarv duty, and suliHcipienlly became brig.- 
gen. of' militia. In 1822, he was elected to the 
.Slate senate; was a U. S senator friim 1826 
to I8.'t5, ilisiing. himself as an able debater; 
was chief judge of the, secoiul judicial dist. and 
of the Court of AppcMils, Iroi'n 18:t4 to 1851, 
and was an active member of the .State Const. 
Conv. in 1850. In 1852, ill hcallh compelled 
him to decline the post of see. of the navy 
olfered him by Pies. Filltnore. 

Chambers, (inoniiK, LL.D. (Wash. Coll., 
Pa., 1861 ) jurist and author,!). Chamber-burg, 
17,86; d. theie. Mar. 25, 1866. N. .1. Coll. 
1804. Gr.iiuNon of the fiiumler of his native 
town. Was ailin. to the bur in 180", his talent, 
cnergv, ami iiitegrilv pliiciiig bim in the trout 
rank I'll his prolessiiui. He was M.C. in IH.l.l- 
7. Member of the Pa. t^onst. Conv., and in 
1851 beeiune a judge of the Pa. Supremo 
Court. He was much Interested in the early 
history of his Slate, had pub. some of his re< 



COA. 



173 



icarclK") ill liii " Tribute to th(! Scotch-Irish," 
and liiiil |ir<'|iaiuil otliuri lor lli« Hist. Society, 
iinroriiiiiiiii'lv ik'slroyed when the reljuU burned 

(•h.inil..i-.l.uV(,'. 

Chambers, Joh.v, cbiefjiisticc of N.Y., 
nuMiilnr ol' the exec, coiiiiiil in I7.')4, and a 
coniini-sioiUT to the Albmiy (Ji)ii^'re>s, June 
14, I7."i4; d N.V, April 10, 17G."). — .l//<'«. 

Chambers, Jons, lawyer, and (,'ov. of 
Iowa (ls<41-.');, b. N.J., 1779; d. near Paris, 
Ky., Si^|it. 21 , 1852. At the ajje of l.'i, he went 
to Ky., and located himself in Washin;{lon, 
Mason Co., where he studied and practised law, 
>oon obtaining a lucrative business. In 181.'), 
he bciaiiie a vol. aiile to Gen. Harrison, whoso 
election to the presidency in 1840 lie zeal- 
ously |jroiiioted. Mr. Chambers was frequent- 
ly a meuibcr of the Ky. legisl., and M.C. 1827- 
9 and l«:i.")-9. 

Chamorro, Fnuro, a Central Ainer. 
stiile^uiiiii and ;,'eii., b. Guatemala, 1806, elect- 
ed hU|)ri'ine diidior or [ires., 185.3 ; d. 1855. 

Champe, John, a l)rave llcvol. soldier, b. 
Loudoun Co., Va., 1752; d. Ky., ab. 1798. 
He is noted for his daring attenijit to capture 
the traitor Arnold, for which duty he was 
selected by Col. I^ee, of whoso letfion he was 
8er);t -major. He failed in the attempt in con- 
sequence of the removal of Arnold's quarters 
•on I he day desij^nated for his capture. 

Champlain (shampliin'), S.^.mobl UK, 
founder and yov. of Queljcc, 1). of )j;ood fami- 
ly, in l5roua;,'c, Sainton);e, ab. 1570; d. Uec. 
1G.'35. He hail acquired a hi){li reputation us 
a skilful olliccr previous to his employment 
by I)e Chasles to make a voyai,'e to Canada, 
whither he sailed, March 16, ICO.'J, arriving at 
Tuiloiissuc, May 25. In a lijjht bateau, ho 
ascended the St. Lawrence to the falls of St. 
Louis, which was the limit of Curtier's discov- 
eries in 15.J5 ; and, after ctplorinj; much of the 
country aloiij^ the river, ho Bailed for Franco 
in Au({. On his arrival there in Sept., Do 
Moots engaged him as his pilot in another voy- 
a^-eto the New World. Sailiri);, March 7, 1GU4, 
he arrived at Aiadia, May 6, and selected for 
settlement u small island, to which I)e Moms 
gavellienamoof "St. Croix." In this voyat;e, 
he explored the coast as far as Cape Cod. In 
1608, he was .-ent on anollier voyage to Tadons- 
sac, accoiiip. by Pontgravo. In July, 1003, ho 
laid the fouiidalion of Quebec, and subscipieiit- 
ly, while enj,'a;;ed in a hostile ex|)ed. against 
the Iroquois, discovered the lake which still 
bears his name. Ho again sailed from Krancu 
in April, 1610, and, in another cxped. agaiiint 
the Iroquois, was wounded by an arrow, and 
soon alicr returned to Krancc. App. lieui- 
gov., with extensive powers, ho returned to 
Aiiier. in 1612, where he made new discoveries, 
exploring the Ottawa liiver, Lukes Huron, 
and Ontario. He went home to get permis- 
sion to forlify the settlement. Ho returned 
with bis fiiinily,and the titlcof gov. in 1020. In 
July, 1629, he was obliged to capitulate to Sir 
l>.ivid Kirk, and was carried to Franco in an 
Kiiglisli ship. In 16.32, Canada, with Acadia 
and Cape Hreton, being restored to Franco by 
treaty, the company of New France rcsuineil 
all their rights, and app. Cliain|>lain gov. His 
coal for the propagation of Chrisliuuity was 



very great. A coll. was cstablislied at Quebec, 
in which the children of the savages wera 
trained in habits of civilization, and in the use 
of the Flench language. In 160.), he jnib. an 
account of his liist voyage, in 4to, and, in 1620, 
a continuation, in 8vo. In 1632, he pub. an 
edition of both these in one vol., entitled " Les 
Vui/'if/i's a la NoiWKik Fnuica Occidcntale, ft Can- 
ailii," 4to. This work comprises a history of 
New France from the first discoveries of Vcr- 
razani to 16.')1. The best edition of his works 
is that pub in 4to, 1640. His " Voyage to the 
W. Indies and Mexico," 1599-1602, ed. by N. 
Shaw, was pub. by the Ilakluyt Soc., Lond., 
18.59. 

Champlin, CimisTOPiiEn Grant, b. 
New|)orl, April 12,1768; d. there March 28, 
1840. 11. U. 1786. His uncle GKOKOii (17.38- 
1809) was a merchant of Newport, an ollieer 
of the Kevol. ; nieinb. Cont. Congress, 1785- 
6, and of the convention which adopted tho 
US. Constitution. He resided some years in 
ICurojic, where a part of his time was passed at 
the Coll of St. Omen's; M.C. 1797-1801 ; U.S. 
senator, 1809-11. Many years pros, of tho 
Bank of K.I. 

Champlin, Stephen, commodore U.S.N., 
1). S. Kingston, IM., Nov. 17, 1789; d. Buffa- 
lo, Feb. 20, 1870. His father Steplien was a 
vol. ill the Anier. Kevol. His mother, Eliza- 
beth Ferry, was an aunt of Com. Perry. At 
16, ho began a seafaring life, and, at 22, com. a 
ship out of Norwich. May 22, 1812, he was 
ap|). sailing.-master in the navy ; lieut. Dec. 9, 
1814; conimander, June 22, 18.38; capt. Aug. 
4, 18.50, and comtno. on retired list, ijuly 16, 
1862. He first com. a gunlxmt under Perry at 
Newport ; was second in com. of " The Asp," in 
the affairs of Little York and Fort (jcorge, 
U.C. ; and, joining Perry at Lake Erie, took 
com. of " The Scorpion,* in which he did good 
service at tho battle of Sept. 10, 1813, captur- 
ing " The Little Belt." Of this battle, in 
which he lired the Hist and lust liuns, he was 
the lust surviving olh'or. In the following 
spring, he com. " The Tigris," and, while block- 
ading .Mackinac, was attaikcd at night by an 
overwheliiiiiig fbrco, severely wounded, and 
made prisoner. In 1816, he com. " The Por- 
cupine," but performed little sul>acqucnt ser- 
vice on account of his wound. He was a resi- 
dent of Buffalo from WH. — Buffalo Coml. 
Adn., r.'h. 21. 

Champlin, Stki-hen G., brig.-gen. vols ; 
d. Grand Hapids, Mich., Jan. 29, 1864. Ho 
rose from the rank of major to tliat of brig.- 
gen. Nov. 29, 1862, was dieting, in the princi- 
pal battles of 1862-.3, including those of Antie- 
tuin and Fredericksburg, iinvT was severely 
wounded at Fair Oaks. 

Champney, Benjamin, landscapc-jiaintcr, 
b. N. Ipswich, N.IL, Nov. 20, 1817. Came to 
Boston in 1834, worked in Pendleton's litho- 
graphic esiablishmcnt in 1837-40; studied and 
puinied ut the Louvre Gallery, Paris, in 1841-5 ; 
then visited Italy with ICoiisett, and, revisiting 
Europe in 1847-8, painted a panorama of tho 
Rhino. Since 1853, he bos passed his sum- 
mers at N. Conway, where he has a cottage and 
studio, and has ]iainted many White Mountain 
views, as well as those of Switzerland, which 



CILA. 



174 



CHA. 



are owned in and around Boston. In 1865-6, 
he asain visited Italy and Switzerland. 

Cbampney, James Wells, " Champ," 
painter of (/rare pictures, b. Boston, July 16, 
184.3. Apprenticed to a wood-engraver at the 
age of 16. Enlisted for 9 months in the 4.oth 
Ms. Vols. In '6.3, after return from the war, 
designed on wood. Teacher in drawing at 
Dr. Dio Lewis's Sem., at Lexington, for two 
years. Sailed for Paris, Oct. 16, 1866 ; studied 
abroad until June 1870. Pupil of Edouard 
Frere, and of the Fine Arts School in Ant- 
werp. Settled in Boston in Oct. 1870. Has 
painted, among other pieces " The Roguish 
" Sister," " Little Boy Shelling Peas," and 
" Domino-Player." 

Chanche, John J., D.D., R.C. bi-hop of 
Natchez, consec. March 14, 1841 ; d. July 22, 
1852. 

Chandler, Abiel, a philanthropic mer- 
chant, li. Concord, N.H., Feb. 26, 1777; d. 
Walpole, N.H., March 22, 1851. H.U. 1806. 
Occupied until the age of 21 in agricultural 
labors, and from 1806 to 1817 was a teacher in 
Salem and Newburyport. For many years, he 
was engaged in business in Boston, and was 
well known as a partner in the house of Chan- 
dler, Howard, & Co., retiring in 1845 with a for- 
tune. He bequeathed $1,600, and also the sur- 
plus of his estate, to the N.H. Asylum for the 
Insane, and 830,000 to Dartm. Coll., for the es- 
tablishment of a scientific school connected 
with that in>-titution. 

Chandler, Elizabeth Marqaret, poet, 
b. Centre, near Wilmington, Del., Dec. 24, 
1807 ; d. Nov. 22, 1834. Dau. of Thomas 
Chandler, a Quaker farmer ; was educated at 
the Friends' school in Phila., and commenced 
writing verses at an early age. Her poem, 
"The Slave-Ship," written at 18, gained a 
prize offered by the Casket, a monthly maga- 
zine. Most of her subsequent productions ap- 
peared in the Genius of Universal Emancipation^ 
an antisla very periodical of Phila. In 18-30, 
she removed to Mich., and settled near the vil- 
lage of Tecuraseh, on the River Raisin. In 
1836, her poetical works, with a Memoir by 
Benjamin Lundy, were pub. at Phila. — Dmjc- 
hinck. 

Chandler, Gen. John, b. Monmouth, Ms., 
1760; d. Augusta, Me., Sept. 25,1841. Ori- 
ginally a blacksmith, by perseveranceand indus- 
try, he became wealthy. Was a counsellor and 
senator from 1803 to 1805; M. C. 1805-8; 
brig. -gen. July 8, 1812 ; wounded and made 
prisoner at Stony Creek, U.C., June 6, 1813 ; 
and from 1820 to 1829, U.S. senator from Me.; 
collector of Portland, 1829-37; trustee of 
Bowd. Coll., sheritF of Kennebec Co., and 
maj.-gen. of militia. 

Chandler, Joseph R., editor, b. Kings- 
ton, Ms., 1792. He adopted the profession of 
the law ; was M.C. from Pa., 1849-55 ; and in 
1858-61 was minister to Naples. He edited 
the United-States Gazette in Phila. for many 
years, and subsequently the Philadelphia North 
American. He pub. a " Grammar of the Eng- 
lish Language in 1821, and subsequently a 
large number of essays and addresses upon lit- 
erary and social topics, and congiessional 
speeches. 



Chandler, Thomas Bradbury, V)T). 

(Oxf. U. 1766), Prot.-Epis. clergyman and con- 
troversiali-it, b. Woodstock, Ct., 26 Apr. 1726; 
d. Elizabethtown, N.J., I" June, 1790. Y. C. 
1745. In 1747, he became lay-reader in St. 
John's Church, Elizabethtown, and, after being 
Old. in Eng. in 1751, was rector there till his 
death, excepting in 1775-85, when, being a loy- 
alist, he was in Eng. App. bishop of Nova 
Scotia, but declined. He was a zealous ilefend- 
er of Episcopacy, and in 1 767 pub. "An Appeal 
in Behalf of the Church of Eng. in Anier." 
This was attacked by Dr. Chauneey, to whom 
he replied with " The Appeal Defended," and, 
in 1771, "The Appeal Further Defended." 
Also author of " A Life of Samuel Johnson," 
pres. of King's Coll., 12mo, 1805. 

Channing, Edward Tyrrel, LL.D. 
(H.U. 1847), prof, of rhetoric in H. U. (1819- 
51), b. Newport, R.L, 12 Dec. 1790; d. Cam- 
bridge, Ms., 8 Feb. 1856. Bro. of Rev. Wil- 
liam E. Channing. He studied at H.U., but 
did not grailuate, and opened a law-otfice in 
Boston. Editor of the xV. Jmer. Hev. 1819- 
21, and a contrib. until his death. His style 
was vigorous and pure, his taste severe and 
critical ; and he excelled in conversation. He 
delivered the oration in Boston, 4 July, 1817. 
Author of a Memoir of William Ellery, in 
Sparks's "Amer. Bio,'." In 1856, a vol. of his 
lectures was pub. with a memoir, by R. H. 
Dana, jun. 

Channing, Walter, M.D. (U. of Pa.), 
physician, bro. of W. E. and E. T. Channing, 
b. "Newport, R.I., Apr. 15, 1786. He was at 
H.U. in 1804-7. Studie<l medicine under Dr. 
James Jackson of Boston, and Prof Barton 
of Phila. Afterward studied at the U. of 
Edinburgh, at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospi- 
tals, London, and began practice in Boston in 
1812. Lecturer inl 81 2, and prof, of obstetrics 
and med. jurisp. in H.U. from 1815 to 18.54; 
assist, phys. Ms Hospital from 1821 to 1840. 
Dr. C. has been a frequent contrib. to med. 
and literary periodicals, besides pub. a vol. of 
"Miscellaneous Poems," 1851; "A Physi- 
cian's Vacation, or a Summer in Europe," 
1856; "Etherization in Childbirth," 1848; 
" Address on the Prevention of Pauperism," 
12mo, 1843; "Professional Reminiscences of 
Foreign Travel," 8vo ; "New and Old," 12 
mo, 1851 ; "Reformation of Medical Science," 
1851. He has also written many fugitive 
pieces in prose and verse. His son, William 
Ellery, (whose wife, Ellex K., sister of Mar- 
garet Fuller, d. Sept. 22, 1836, a. 36), has pub. 
"Poems," 1843, 1847, and 1849; "Youth of 
the Poet and Painter," in "The Dial," 1844 ; 
" Conversations in Rome," 1847. 

Channing, William Ellert, D. D. 
(H.U. 1820), a Unitarian divine of great celcb- 
ritv, b. Newport, R.I., April 7, 1780; d. Ben- 
nington, Vt., Oct. 2, 1842. H.U. 1798. His 
father Wm., an eminent lawyer of Newport, d, 
Oct. 1793, a. 42 : his mother was the dau. of 
Wm. Ellery, one of the signers of the Decl. of 
Indep. The influences of the climate and 
scenery of the island where his boyhood was 
passed, had no slight influence upon the social 
and moral attributes of his mind. At tho 
university, he attained the hignest honors. 



CHA. 



175 



CHA 



On leaving coll., he spent one year in Ricii- 
mond, Va., as a teaclier in the family of David 
M. Randolph. Retnrning from the South in 
feeble health, in 1802, he went through a course 
of theol. study, and June 1, 180.3, became rhe 
pastor of the Fedcral-st. Society in Boston, 
. which was extremely small at the time of his 
ordination, but soon rose from his popularity 
to lie one of the first jiarislies in the city. A 
feeble constitution, and lial)ility to disease, oc- 
casioned, probably, by his residence in V'a., 
proved great impediments to his labors through- 
out his protessioiuil career. He made a voyage 
to Europe in 1822 for this cause, remaining 
little more than a year, and, in the autumn of 
18-30, he again left the U.S., and spent the win- 
ter in St. Croix. His bodily infirmities occa- 
sioned the app. of a colleague in 182+ ; but he 
occasionally officiated in the pulpit until 1840, 
when he resigned, delivering his hist public ad- 
dress I Aug. 1842, at Lenox, in commeniora- 
tiun of the abolition of slavery in the West 
Indies. The pub. works of Dr. Channing in- 
clude a large number of roligiousdiscourses, the 
articles on Milton, Bonaparte, and Fe'nelon, 
which appeared in the t'hrislian Examiner in 
1826-9, and a variety of tracts on temperance, 
education, slavery, and the condition of the 
hiboring classes. An edition of his works has 
been pub. in 6 vols., 1846. His "Sermon on 
War," before the conv. of Cong ministers in 
1816, was widely circulated, and caatrib. power- 
fullv to the formation of peace societies in the 
U.S. His lectures on " Self-Culture, " 1839, 
and on " The Elevation of the Laboring Class- 
es," 1840, had an extensive circulation, and 
were repub. in Eng. He was one of the earli- 
est agitators of antislavery in the U.S., but did 
not, until he delivered his address in Fancuil 
Hall in 1837, become publicly identified with 
the political movement for abolition. In 1837, 
he addressed a letter to Henry Clay, against 
the annexation of Texas, and in 1841 pub. his 
work on Slavery. Among his theol. discours- 
es, his lecture on " The Evidences of Chris- 
tianity," delivered at H.U. in 1821, is, perhaps, 
the most remarkable. He was a man of great 
independence of mind. He paid no respect to 
men on account of their wealth or office. His 
sermons on " The Paternal Character of God," 
on " TheLovelinessof the Example of Christ," 
on " The Evidence of Christianity," and on 
" Political and Moral Integrity," are admirable. 
He spoke out in intelligible terms on conjugal 
infidelity and licentiousness. In the pulpit, his 
gravity and solemnity exceeded that of most 
])rea(hers. His elocution was peculiar. His 
jir.'iiching and his writings were corroborated 
by a life of high moral character During the 
Unitarian controversy, Dr. Channing was the 
acknowledged head of the liberal ])arty,andwa3 
o'lllged, though averse to disputation, to take 
an active part. " He was unrivalled in his cn- 
lliMsiasm for moral and progressive ide.is, and 
ill bis high estimate of the moral capacities of 
man." Coleridge said of him, "He has the love 
of wisilom, and the wisdom of love." — S-e 
" Mf'iiwirs, Conr'snondence/' ^c, In/ his nephew^ 
\r. fl. CliWiHinrj, 1848. 

Channing, WiLi.i.\M Francis, M.D., son 
of Wm. Ellcry, b. Boston, 1820; has pub. 



"Davis's Manual of Magnetism," 12mo, 1841 ; 
" Notes on the Medical Application of Elec- 
tricity," 1849 ; " Fire-Alarm Telegraph," 1855; 
contrib. to " Silliman's Jour.," &c. One of the 
inventors of the system of fire-alarm tele- 
graphy now in general use. — Allihone. 

Channing, William Henry, clergyman, 
nejihew of Wm. E., b. Boston, May 25,'l810. 
H.U. 1829; Camb. Divinity School, 1833. 
Ord. Cincinnati, May 10, 1839. His fiither, 
Francis Dana Channing, died when he was 
very young. He has been settled in Mcad- 
ville, Pa., >f.Y. City, Cincinnati, Nashua, Bos- 
ton, Rochester, and Liverpool, Eng., where he 
is pastor of the Hope-street (Unitarian)Church, 
as successor of Rev. James Martineau. He ed- 
ited the Western Messenger one year, the Pres- 
ent, \\k Harbinger, and the Spirit of the Acje, 
and has been a contrib. to the Dial, Christian 
Examiner, and -V. Amer. Review. He has writ- 
ten and pub. " The Translation of Jonffroy's 
Ethics," 2 vols., 1840; "Memoirs of Dr. Win. 
E. Channing," 3 vols., 1848 ; " Life and Writ- 
ings of James H. Perkins," 2 vols. ; " Memoirs 
of Madame Ossoli (MargaretFiiUer)," sermons, 
reviews, and miscellanies. He has labored 
much in social reforms, and is a zealous and 
eloquent preacher. 

Chapm, Alonzo Bowen, D.D., clergy- 
man and author, b. Somers, March 10, 1808; 
d. Hartford, July 9, 1858. He quitted the 
study of theology for the law ; adm. to pr.actise 
in 1831, and established himself at Walling- 
ford. He edited the Oironide of the Chnrch, an 
Epi.scopal paper at N. Haven, 8 years, and, re- 
suming his theol. studies, was ord. in 1838; 
was rector of Christ Church, West Haven, 
until 1850,and of St.Luke's, Glastenbury, until 
1855, when he removed to Hartford, and edit- 
ed the Calendar. Besides nnmerous contribs. 
to magazines and reviews. Dr. Chapin is the 
author of "A View of the Organization and 
Order of the Primitive Church," 1850 ; "Views 
of Gospel Truth ; " " Glastenbury for 200 
Years," 1853 ; a "Classical Spelling-book;" 
"Puritanism not Protestantism." 1847 ; "In- 
aug. Discourse at Beloit Coll., 1850," as pres. 

Chapin, Calvin, D.D., Cong, clergvman, 
b. Springfield, Ms., Julv 22, 1763; d. Weth- 
ersfield, Mar. 17, 1851. "Y. C. 1788. He was 
a teacher in Hartford two years ; from 1791 to 
1 794 was a tutor in Y. C, and was pastor of a 
church in Wethersfield, Ct., from 1794 to 1847. 
Dr. Chapin was an efficient member of the mis- 
sionary, Bible, and temperance societies, and 
was for 32 years rcc. see. of the A. B. C. F. M. 
During his connection with the chnrch at 
Wethersfield, he was offered, and declined, the 
presidency of 2 different colleges. He |nib. an 
essay recommending the substitution of water 
for wine in the Lord's supper. — Allen. 

Chapin, Edwin Hcbi^ell, D.D. (H. U. 
1856), an eloquent preacher, b. Union Village, 
Wash. Co., N.Y., Dee. 29, 1814. He completed 
his school-education at a sem. in Bennington, 
Vt. ; commenced preaching in 1837 ; was first 
settleil over a society of Unitarians and Uni- 
versalists in Richmond, Va.; removed to 
Charlestown, Ms., in 1830; thence to Boston 
in 1846. and in 1848 to New York, where he is 
still pastor of the 4th Universalist Church. Dr. 



CHA. 



176 



CHA 



Chapin is one of the most powerful and effec- 
tive pulpit orators of America. He lias been a 
frequent speaker before lyceums and literary 
associations, and, as an advocate of temperance 
and other movements of moral reform, he ex- 
ercises a vast influence. One of his best speech- 
es is, perliaps, that before the Peace Conven- 
tion at Frankfort-on-lhe-Main, in 1850. He 
has pub. " Moral Aspects of City Life," 1853 ; 
"True Manliness," 1854; several vols, of ser- 
mons and religious lectures, and a tew occa- 
sional discourses. His " Crown of Thorns " 
attained a wide circulation. — See Golden Arje 
of Amir. Oralori/, hy E. G. Parker, 1857. 

Chapin, Stephen, D.O. (B. U. 1822), 
clergynmn, b. Miiford, Ms., Nov. 4. 1778; d. 
Washington, D.C.,Oct. 1,1845. H.U.1804. He 
studied theology with Dr. Emmons. Ord. pas- 
tor of the Cong. Church in Hillsborough, X.H., 
June 19, 1805. In Nov. 1809, he took charge of 
the Cong. Churcli in Mt. Vernon, N.H., but, 
becoming a B.iptist, resigned in 1818, and was 
pastor of the Baptist Church, North Yarmouth, 
Me., from Nov. 28, 1819, until called, in 1822, 
to the chair of theology in Waterville Coll., 
Me. He remained there until 1828, when he 
was made pies, of Col. Coll., Washington, 
which office he resigned in 1841. 

Chaplin, Jeremiah, D.l). (S. C. Coll. 
1819), Baptist minister, b. Kowlev.Ms., 2 Jan. 
1776 ; d. Hamilton, N.Y., May, "1841. B. U. 
1799. Descended from Hugh. 3 years tutor 
in B. U. ; minister in Danvers "from 1802 
to 1818; pres. Waterville Coll., Me., 1820-.32; 
afterward preached in Rowley, VVillington, 
Ct., and Ilaiiiilton, N.Y. 

Chapman, Charles, an eminent crim. 
lawyer, and politician, b. Newtown, Ct., 21 
June, 1799; d. Hartford, Ct., 7 Aug. 1869. 
Son of Judge Asa. Educated at an acad. ; 
adm. to the bar in 1823 ; practised at Newton, 
1824-7 ; at N. Haven, and, from 1832, at Hart- 
ford ; 3 times member of the legisl. ; U. S. dist. 
atty. 1841-5 ; M. C. 1851-3. A man of great 
powers of wit and sarcasm. 

Chapman, George Thomas, D. D. 
(Trans. U. 1824), Pr.-Ep. clergyman, b. Pilion, 
Devonshire, Eng., Sept. 21, 1786. Dartm. 
Coll. 1804. He came to the U. S. in 1795; 
practised law in Bucksport, Me., from Dec. 
1808 to 1815 ; ord. deacon by Bishop Griswold, 
181G; priest, Jan. 6, 1818"; rector of Christ 
Church, Lexington, Kv., July 1, 1820, to July 
1, 1830; of St. Paul's "Church, Portland, Me., 
1832-5; of Grace Church, Newark, N. J., 
1837-41 ; preached in Belleville, N.J., in 1842 ; 
rector of St. Stejjhen's Church, Pittsfield, Ms., 
1846-52; preached some months in Hanover, 
N.U. Resides in Newburyport, Ms. He pub. 
" The Ministry, Worship, and Doctrines of the 
Prot.-Epis. Church," a vol. of 20 sermons, also 
a vol. of 27 " Sermons to Presbyterians of all 
Sects," besides 18 other sermons, and, in 1867, 
" Sketches of the Alumni of Dartm. Coll." 

Chapman, John G., b. Charles Co., Md., 
July 5, 1798; d. Dec. 10, 1856. Educated at 
Yale, but did notgrad.,on accountof his health. 
He studied law with Wm. Wirt ; practised 
some years ; between 1824 and '44 was almost 
constantly in the Md. legisl. ; M. C. 1845-9 ; 
pres. of the Const. Conv. of Md., and of the 



National Whig Conv. of Baltimore in 1856. 
He was an eloquent speaker. — Lawman. 

Chapman, John Gadsbt, artist, b. Alex- 
andria, V^a. He studied and practised his art 
at Rome several years. Estalili.diing himself 
in New York, he obtained am|)le employment 
by his ingenuity and taste. He has furnished 
many original designs for the illustration of 
works of taste or fancy, among them Schmidt's 
" Tales," Whittier's " Songs of Labor," and 
Harper's BiMe. He also painted the " Bap- 
tism of Pocahontas " for one of the panels in 
the rotunda at Washington. Since 1848, he 
has resided in Rome. Among his pictures 
are, " Israelites Spoiling the Egyptians," 
" Etruscan Girl," "A Donkey's Head," " The 
Last Arrow," and " First Italian Milestone." 
He pub. "American Drawing-Book," N.Y., 
4to, and "The Amateur's Drawing Manual," 
4to, 1858. 

Chapman, Nathaniel, M.D., physician 
and scholar, li. near Alexandria, Va., 28 May, 
1780; d. Phila., 1 July, 1853. U. of Pa. 1801. 
His paternal ancestor, a capt. in the army, and 
a relative of Sir Walter Raleigh, came to Va. 
with the first colonists. Completing his stud- 
ies at London and Edinburgh, where he took his 
degree, he began practice in Phila. in 1804. 
Prof, of materia medica in 1813-16, and of 
practice, institutes, and clinical med., in the U. 
of Pa., from 1816 to 1850. Founder of the 
Med. Institute in 1817, he lectured there dur- 
ing the summer for nearly 25 years. He had 
charge of the city hospital during the epidem- 
ic of 1820, and was many years clinical lecturer 
in the hospital of the city almshouse. Pres. 
Amer. Philos. Society, 1840-8, and for m.any 
years of the Phila. Med. Soc. Author of " Lec- 
tures on the Theory and Practice of Medicine," 
" Eruptive Fevers," " Thoracic Viscera," " El- 
ements of Therapeutics and Materia Medica," 
1817, "Select Speeches, with Critical and Il- 
lustrative Remarks," 5 vols., 8vo. In 1820, he 
began, and for many years edited, the Phila. 
Journul of the Medical and Phi/sical Sciences, 
and contrib. to the Portfolio under the signature 
of "Falkland." — ./.■ B. Biddle, in Gross's 
Amer. iled. Biog. 

Chapman, Robert Hett, D.D. (Wnis. 
Coll. 1815), pres. of the U. of N. C. at Chapel 
Hill, 1812-16, b. Orange, N.J , 2 Mar. 1771 ; 
d. Winchester, Va., 18 June, 18.33. N.J. Coll. 
1789. Son of Rev. Jedediah of Westei'n N.Y., 
who d. 22 May, 1813. Licensed by the Pres- 
bytery of N. Y., 2 Oct. 1793 ; pastor of Rah- 
way, "N.J., 1790-1801 , and of Cambridge, N. Y., 
in 1801-12, afterwards officiating in Va., N.C., 
and Tenn. 

Charlevoix(shiir-leh-vwa'), Peter Fran- 
cis Xavier, a French historian and mission- 
ary, b. St. Quentin, Oct. 29, 1682 ; d. Laflcche, 
Feb. 1, 1761. He acquired reputation as a 
teacher of languages and philos. in Jesuit col- 
leges. Was for some years a missionary in 
Canada, and, on his return, had a chief share 
in the .Journal de Trevoux for 24 years. In 
1720, be again visited Canada, by order of the 
French king, and passing up the St. Lawrence, 
and through the Lakes, to MIchilimacinac, 
he descended through Lake Michigan and the 
Rivers 111. and Mpi., to N. Orleans. In 1728, 



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CHA. 



he returned to France by way of St. Domingo. 
His works are, "Journal of a Vovaf;e fiom 
Kaskaskia.s to the Gulf of Mexico." 1721 
(French Hist. Colls, of La., vol. ii.), " His- 
toire et Description G^n^rale dc Japan," " His- 
loire G^nirale. de Piiraijua})'' '• /Hsloiie de I' Isle 
de St. Dominique," " Vie de Mere Marie de t 'fn- 
carmilion," ami a " Histoire Gen&ale de la 
youvelle Francf," of which the hitter is most 
valuable, describing: his own experience, and 
the manners and customs of the native.s, for 
which he is often quoted as nood authority, 
thout;h not free from partiality and credulity. 

Charlton, Robert M., jurist and author, 
b. Savannah, 19 Jan. 1807; d. there 18 Jan. 
1834. Son of Judje Thos. B., a capt. of art. 
at the capture of Charleston, S.C., who d. Nova 
Scotia, 1847. Adm. to the bar, and elected to 
the leyisl. in 1828; app. U.S. dist -atty. hy 
Pres. Jackson, and at the age of 27 was app. 
and afterward elected judge of the Sup. Court 
of the eastern dist. of Ga. Twice mayor of 
Savannah, and U.S. senator in 1832-.3. He 
pub. in 18.39 a vol. of poems, including the 
poetical remains of a deceased bro., 2d ed., 
1842 ; and contrib. many pieces both in prose 
and verse to the Knickerhocker Mag. Esteemed 
for his finished oratory and for his geniality. 

Chase, ("arlton, D.D..(U. of Vt. 1839), 
Prot -Epis. bishop of N.H. (consec. 20 Oct. 
1844), b. Hopkinton, N H., Feb. 20, 1794 ; d. 
Chiremont, X.H., Jan. 18, 1870. Dartni. Coll. 
1817. Ord. deacon. 1818; priest. 1820; rector 
of Imnianuel Church, Bellows Falls, Vt., from 
1819 to 1844; and of Trinity Church, Chire- 
mont, N.H. in 1844-63. Alter the deposition 
of Bishop Onderdonck of X.Y., Bishop Chase 
performed for a time the episcopal duties of that 
diocese. At his death, he was a royal arch 
Mason . 

Chase, Dudley, statesman and jurist, b. 
Corni-h, S.H., Dec. 30, 1771 ; d. Randolph, 
Vt., Feb. 2.3, 1846. Dartm. Coll. 1791, where 
also his 4 bios, were educ.ited,-^ Salmon, father 
of the senator ; Baruch, a lawyer ; Heber, who 
d. in 1797; and Philander, bishop of O. Adm. 
to the practice of law in 1793, he was State 
attv. for Orange Co. from 1803 to 1811 ; mem- 
ber of the Const. Conv. of 1814 and of 1822; 
for a number of years a niemlier, and, from 
1808 to 1812, speaker, of the house of repre- 
sentatives of Vt. ; U.S. senator from 181.3 to 
■1817; chief-justice of the Supreme Court of 
Vt.. 1 817-21, and again U.S. senatorin 1825-31. 

Chase, Irah, D.D., theologian, h. Strat- 
tou, \t., (Jet. 3, 1793; d. Newionville, Ms., Nov. 
1,1804. Sliddlcb. Coll. 1814. After studying 
at Andovcr, lie was ord. in 1817 ; labored as a 
Baptist missionary in Western Va. ; became in 
1818 prof ill the theol. school at Phila., which 
was soon after transferred to AVashin;;ton. 
In 1823, he was prominent in estalilishing 
the theol. school at Newton Centre, Ms., 
of which he was prof, till 1845. In 1830, he 
was instrumental in founding the B.aptist mis- 
sion in France. He subsequently contrib. to 
reviews on questions of church history and 
Christian doctrine. He pub " Life of Bunyan," 
" The Design of Baptism," " The Constitu- 
tion of the Holy Apostles," " Infant Baptism 
an Invention of Man," &c. 



Chase, Luciex B., M.C. from Tenn.. 
1845-9; author of a "History of President 
Polk's Administration." B. Vt., 1817; d. 
Dec. 1864. 

Chase, Philander, D.D., Prot. -Epis. 
bi.>hop of III., b. Cornish, N.H., Dec. 14, 1775 ; 
d. Peoria, III., Sept. 20, 1852. Dartm. Coll. 
1796. He was descended from Aquila Chase, 
who came from Cornwall, Eng., in 1640, and 
settled at Newbury. His grandson Dudley, 
father of the bishop, removed to a township 
above Fort No. 4 on the Ct., and founded the 
town of Cornish. A severe injury to one of 
his limbs prevented his becoming a farmer. 
Ord. deacon. May 10, 1798, and priest, Nov. 10, 
1799, and was for several years zealously en- 
gaged in missionary labors in Western N.Y. In 
1805, he went to N. Orleans, and took an active 
part in tlie organization of the Piot.-Epis. 
church in that city ; returning to the North in 
1811, and, until 1817, was rector of Christ 
Church, Hartford, Ct. Feb. 1 1, 1819, he was 
consec. bishop of O., and in 1823 went to Eng. 
to solicit aid for Kenyon Coll. and theol. sem. 
in his diocese, with great success. Ditficulties 
having arisen with some of his clergy in regard 
to the disposal of the funds he had" collected, 
and other matters, he resigned the jurisdiction 
of his diocese, Sept. 9, 1831 ; removed toMich., 
and Mar. 8, 1835, being made bishop of 111., 
he visited Eng. a second time in behalf of 
education in the West. In 1838, he returned, 
with funds sufficient to lay the foundation of 
Jubilee Coll. at Robin's Nest, Peoria Co., III. 
Bp. Chase, notwithstanding his size and cor- 
pulence, was an exceedingly active and labori- 
ous man, and, though not learned, had great 
di|ihmiatic talents, and intuitive knowledge of 
human nature, great shrewdness, and accom- 
plished an amount of good tenfold greater than 
many incomparably his superiors in scholastic 
knowledge. He pub. in two 8vo vols. " Rem- 
iniscences " of his life and labors; "Plea 
for the West," 1826 ; " Star of Kenyon Coll.," 
1828; "Defence of Kenyon Coll.," 1831. A 
serious injury, caused by beiiis thrown from 
his carriage, hastened the a^ed bishop's decease, 
and. a few days after, he sank quietly to rest. 

Chase, Salmos Portland, statesman, 
nephew of Bishop Ch.asc, b. Cornish, N.H. ,13 
Jan. 1808. Dartm Coll. 1828. Losing his 
fiither at the age of 12, he found a home with 
his uncle, the bishop, who sujierintended his 
studies. He taught school in Wa.shington, 
D.C., in 1827-9 ; studied law under Wm. Wirt ; 
settled in Cincinnati ah. 18.30; prepared an 
edition of the statutes of O., of received author- 
ity ; and became eminent at the bar, where his 
hostility to .slavery found frequent expression. 
He was in the city council in 1840, and sup- 
ported Harrison for the presidency ; took a lead- 
ing part in orcranizing the " Liberty party" at 
Columbus in Dec. 1841 ; was active in its con- 
ventions; and in that held at Cincinnati in June, 
1845, prepared an address, widely circulated, 
giving a history of slavery in the U.S., and 
arguing the necessity of political organization 
to den.ationalize it. The convention of the 
"Free Soil" party at Buffalo in Auj. 1848, 
called through his efforts, nominated Van Buren 
for the presidency. Chosen by the Democrats 



CHA. 



178 



CIIA. 



of the Ohio legisl. to the U.S. sen.ite in Feb. 

1849, he spoke a<;ainst the Compromise Bill in 

1850, and separated from that party on the 
nomination of Mr. Pierce to the presidenCT in 
1852. In 1854, he drafted an appeal to the 
people against the Kansas-Nebraska Bill, and 
in a speech, 3 Feb., elaborately exposed its 
objects. He proposed to add a clause to it, that 
" tne people of the territory, through their ap- 
propriate representatives, may, if they see fit, 
prohibit the existence of slavery therein : " 
rejected 10 to 36. He advocated the Homestead 
Bill, and the grant of aid toward the construc- 
tion of the Pacific Railroad. Gov. of O., 185.5- 
9. Supported J. C. Fremont for the presidency 
in 1857. His decided action compelled the 
resignation, in 1857, of the State treasurer, who 
was a defaulter ; and his prompt and judicious 
arrangements jjrotected the credit of the State, 
and averted a large pecuniary loss. At the peace 
conference in Feb 18C1, he proposed compen- 
sation to the owners of fugitive slaves. Made 
sec. of the treasury in Lincoln's cabinet. Mar. 
4, 1861. In Jan."l86-2, he recommended that 
the U.S. notes be made a legal tender. He 
raised money by the issue of " greenbacks," 
which bore no interest, and by loans, which were 
taken at moderate rates, mostly by the people 
of the U.S. His financial services during the 
liebellion were second only in importance to 
those of the war dept. Uesigning, 30 June, 
1864, his friends endeavored to procure for him 
the nomination to the presidency, but without 
success. He succeeded Chief Justice Taney as 
the head of the U.S. Supreme Court, 12 Oct. 
1864. He presided over the court of impeach- 
ment (Mar. 1868) for the trial of Pres. Johnson, 
whose acquittal he favored. Unsucessful can- 
diilate for the Democ. nomination for pres. in 
July, 1868. He has contrib. to the N. A. 
Review, and to the W^esteni Monl/ili/ Magazine, 
and is the author of some good verses. — 6'e« 
Mrs. Slowe^s Men of our Time. 

Chase, Samuel, jurist and statesman, b. 
Somerset Co., Md., 17 Apr. 1741 ; d. 19 June, 
1811. Son of Ilev. Thos. Chase, a native of 
Eng., by whom he was carefully educated. 
Adm.to the bar in 1761, and settled in Annap- 
olis, where his talents, industry, intrepidity, 
imposing stature, sonorous voice, and energet- 
ic elocution raised him to distinction. In the 
colonial legist., of which he was 20 years n 
member, he vehemently opposed the Stamp 
Act; was a member of tlie committee of cor- 
resp., and a delegate to Congress in 1774-9. 
He denounced Zubly of Georgia as a traitor, 
compelling him to flee the Congress, whose se- 
crets he was divulging to the enemy ; was in 
1776, with Franklin and Carroll, a commission- 
er to form a plan of imiou between the Colo- 
nies and Canada, aiul, on his return, labored 
successfully to change the sentiment of Md., 
so as to authorize him to vote, as he did, for the 
Declaration of Independence, of which he was 
one of the signers. He served with unwearied 
industry on many of the important committees 
of Congress. In 1 78-3, he was the agent of Md. 
in Eng , to reclaim a large sum of money in- 
trusted to the Bank of Kng., 8650,000 of which 
■was subsequently paiil over to the State. In 
.1.788, he was a member of the couvention to 



consider the Constitution of the U. S., which 
he did not regard as sufficientlv democ. ; chief 
justice of the Gen. Court of Md., 1791-6; 
asso. -justice U. S. Supreme Court, 27 J^n. 
1796 to his d. Warmly attached to the prin- 
ciples and measures of the administrations of 
Washington and Adan)s ; after the change of 
administration in 1804, he was, at the instance 
of John Randolph, impeached for his conduct 
in the trials of Fries and Callender, solely on 
political grounds, but was acquitted by ihe 
senate. He was a somewhat irascible man, 
and sometitnes was overbearing as a judge, 
but was learned, able, and patriotic. 

Chase, Thomas, dcp. Q. M. gen., north- 
ern department, in Revol. war; d. Boston, 
May 17, 1787. 

Chastellux (sha'-ia'-luks'), Fran-cois 
Jean, Marquis de, author and soldier, b. 
Paris, 1734 ; d. there Oct. 28, 1 788. Entering 
the army at 1 5, he was col. of the rcgt. Gnyenne 
through the war in Germany, 1754-63; be- 
came Mar&Jial de Crimp, and in 1 780 was a 
maj.-gen. in Rochambeau's army in Amer., 
gaining the particular friendship of Washing- 
ton. On his return to France, he was made a 
field-marshal, and a member of the Acad. 
His literary reputation was established, in 1772, 
by his l)e !n F^iicli^ PnlJii/iie." His " Vui/arje 
dans I *Am^riqne .Septentriona/e dans les Anuses 
17S0-2," 2 vols., 8vo,Paris,'l786, contains noti- 
ces of the natural history of the country, inter- 
esting details of tlie localities and events of the 
war, and observations on the character of the 
principal actors in it. This work was translated 
by Geo. Grieve, and pub. in London in 1787. 
His discourse " De la D^eouvertc de I 'Am&i(iue," 
and " Discoiirs en Vers, addresses nux Officierset 
Soldals des Differentes Armies Amincaiiies," vrere 
translated by David Humphreys. The year 
before he d. he ni. Miss I'lunket, a young lady 
of Irish extraction. 

Chatham, William Pitt, Earl, orator 
and statesman, b. We.-tminster, 15 Nov. 1708; 
d. 11 May, 1778. Son of Robert Pitt, Esq., 
of Bocoiioek, Cornwall. Studied at Eton 
and Oxford, entered parliament in 1735, and 
opposed Sir Robert Walpole with such effect, 
that the Duchess of Marlhorough bequeathed 
Pitt a legacy of £IO.COO. Made joint vice- 
treas. of Ireland in 1746, soon afterward treas. 
and paymaster of the army, and privy council- 
lor. He was dismissed fi-om office in 1 755, hav- 
ing connected himself with the Grenville party, 
through his marriage with Hester, dan. of 
Richard Grenville. Made in 1 757 sec. of State, 
he infused his own spirit and energy into the 
l)ublic service everywhere, made Eng. trium- 
phant in every quarter of the globe, and added 
Canada to her dominions. He resigned in Oct. 
1761, and received a ])enslonof £3,000 a year. 
He advocated a conciliatory ))olicy toward 
the Amer. Colonies, and the repeal oftheStamp 
Act. In 1766, he foimed a new ministry, in 
which he took the jirivy seal, and was made 
Earl ot Chatham, liut quitted office finally in 
1768. In the house of lords, he opposed the 
coercive measures employed against Amer., in 
speeches of great ability and eloquence; but in 
reply to a motion by ihc Duke of Portland 
in Apr. 1778, urging the acknowledgment of 



CELA. 



179 



CHA. 



the independence of Amer., Chatham, who had 
just left a sick-bed, opposed it with all the ar- 
di'nt eloquence of his younger days. The 
Dnke of Richmond having replied to this 
speech, Chatham attempted to rise again, but 
fiiintcd, ani^was borne home in a, state of ex- 
haustion, from which he never recovered. He 
had a public funeral at the national expense, 
and a monument in Westminster Abbey. 

Chaumonot (shO'-mo'-no'), or CinuMOM- 
NOT, PiiiRRK Marie Joseph, a French Jesuit, 
b.near Chatillon-sur-Seiue, in 161 1 ; d. Lorette, 
near Quebec. Feb. 21, 1693. After robbing 
an nncle, who directed his education, he went 
to Rome, where, under an assumed character, 
he became a Jesuit. Repenting of his errors, 
he was, after being ord. priest, sent, at his own 
request, as a missionary to the N. Amer. Indi- 
ans. Landing at Quebec with Father I'oncet, 
in 1639, he devoted himself to the instruction 
of the Hurons and Neutrals. When the Hu- 
rons were dispersed by the Iroquois, in 16.10. 
he aceomp. a small party of the fugitives to 
Quebec. The next year, he formed with the 
Hurons a Christian settlement at Isle Orleans. 
In 165.5, he visited the Onondagas, but re- 
turned in 1658, and helped found the mission 
of N'oire Dame de Foye, near Quebec. Soon 
after its removal to Lorette, in 1693, which 
mission he had founded ab. the year 1670, he 
ended his long career of labor and hanlship. 
He left an excellent gramnutr of the Huron 
tongnc, pub. by the Hist. Society of Quebec, 
1835, a list of radical and derivative words, a 
catechism, and a series of instructions, all in the 
same language, and a memoir of his own life. 
These are unpub. — Anplelon's ^ew AniPr.Cijrlo. 

Chauncy (chahn'-si), Ch.^bles, B. D., 
2d pres. of H. U., and the ancestor of all who 
bear the name in the U.S. ; b. Yardlev Herts., 
Ens., 1592 ; d. Feb. 19, 1672. Educaied at 
Westminster and Cambrid'je, he made the ac- 
([uaintance of Arehbisliop Usher, and was app. 
))rof. of Hebrew, and afterward of Greek, at 
Cambridge. He was a scholar at Westminster 
at the time of the gunpowderplot to blow up the 
building. In 1627, he became vicar of Wai-e, 
Hertfordshire. His stern Puritanism involved 
him in dithculties with the ecclesiastical au- 
thorities : he was imprisoned and lined, and 
recanted, but soon repented of his rccautation. 
He therefore determined to embark for N.E., 
where he arrived a few days before the great 
earthquake, June 1, 1638. He was re-or- 
dained, and for 3 years remained in Plymouth, 
as assist, pastor to Mr. Uaynor, ami then took 
pastoral charge of the church in Scituate, Ms. 
A change in the ecclesiasticnl polity of Eng. 
determined him to return to his vicarage in 
Ware ; but the offer of the presidency of the 
university which he accepted Nov. 27, 1654, 
kept him here till his death. He pub. a few 
theol. works, and a number of sermons. He 
was zealous against wearing long hair, and 
baptizing the children of non-communicants; 
a man of great industry and learning, and was 
eminent as a physician. Ho left 6 sons, who 
all irrad. at Harvard, and became preachers. 

Chauncy, Chabi.ks, D.U. (U. of Edinb. 
1742), clergvman of Boston, great-grandson of 
I'res. C, b.'jan. 1.1705; d. Feb. 10, 1787. 



H.U. 1721. Ord. pastor of the 1st church in 
Boston, Oct. 25, 1727, as the colleague of Mr 
Foxcroft. He was minister of one parish for GO 
years. Among his numerous publications are, 
" A Complete View of the Episcopacy," being 
the sub>taiiee of a discussion with Dr. Chand- 
ler of N.J. ; " Seasonable Thoughts on the 
State of Religion in N. England;" " Discourse 
on Enthusiasm," 1742, directed against White- 
field ; " Reiniirks on the Bishop of LlandatTs 
Sermon," 1767; "Mystery hid from Ages, 
or the Salvation of "all Men," 1785; "The 
Benevolence of the Deity," 1784; "Five Dis- 
sertations on the Fall and its Consequences," 
1785. He was a warm friend of his country 
during the Revol. struggle, was a man of great 
learning and piety, and was an active contro- 
versialist. See Chaunceu Meino'ls, \V. C. 

Chauncey, Charles, LL. D. (Mid. Coll. 
1811). a distiug. lawver, b. Durham, Ct., June 
II, 1 747 : d. New Haven, April 18, 1823. Y. C. 
1779. Removing to New Haven, he was adm. 
to the bar in Nov. 1768 ; app. State's atty. in 
1776; and was a judge of the Superior Court 
in 1789-93. He was 40 years a lecturer on 
jurisp., and was pres. of the first agrie. society 
of Ct.,of which hewas a principal founder. His 
son Charles, LL. D. (Y. C. 1827), a leading 
lawver of the Phila. bar, b. N. Haven, Aug. 17, 
1777; d. Wilmington, N. J., Aug. 30, 1849. 
Y. C. I7;l2. Ho removed ab. 1798 to Phila. 

Chauncey, Isaac, capt. U. S. N., b. Black 
Rock, Ct., Feb. 20, 1772; d. Washington, Jan. 
27, 1840. Entering the mcrchant-sen-iee very 
young, he com. a ship at 19, and made several 
successful voyages to the E. Indies in the 
shipsof .J. J. Astor. On the organization of 
the navy, he was made a lieut. Sept. 17, 1798 ; 
was acting capt. of the frigate " Chesapeake " 
early in 1802; was highly praised for his conduct 
in several actions off Tripoli ; became master. 
May 23, 1804; and capt. April 24, 1806. In 
the War of 1812,. he com. the naval force on 
Lake Ontario, but was unable to bring the 
Briti>h com.. Sir James Yco, to action. April 
25, 1813, he conveyed Gen. Pike's force to York, 
which was captured, Channcey's gallantry being 
conspicuous. May 27, he again co-operated 
with the land-force in the capture of Fort 
George, which brought about the evacuation, by 
the British, of the whole Niagara frontier. Sept. 
27, Chauncey succeeded in getting up with Yeo, 
in York Bay. " The Pike," his flagship, was, on 
this occa^ion, manoeuvred and fought in a man- 
ner ever since a theme of admiration in the 
navy. Before the whole Amer. squadron could 
get into action, the enemy bore up, Chauncey 
following. A heavy gale stopped the chase, 
anil preventeil the destruction of the British 
fleet. After the war, he com. in the Mediterra- 
nean, and with Wm. Shaler, consul, negoti- 
ated a treaty with Algiers. Navy commiss. at 
Washington in 1820, and from 18.33 until his 
death. He was a model of gallantry, energy, 
and skill : father of Com. J. S. 

Chauncey, Com. John S., U. S. N., b. 
New York ; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., 11 Apr. 1871. 
Midshipman, Jan. 1, 1812; lieut. Jan. 13, 1825; 
com. Sept. 8, 1841 ; capt. Sept. 14, 1855 ; comm. 
July 16, 1862; in sloop " Peacock," W. I. 



CHA. 



180 



CITK 



squadron, in Aug. 1822; engaged in capturing 
7 pirate vessels and a heavily-arined pirate 
ecliooner ofFBiihia Honda, Cuba; assist, insp. 
of ordnance, 1838-4.3; insp. of do., 1847-50; 
com. sloop " Vandalia," W. I. squadron, 1843- 
5 ; com. steam-sloop" Susquehanna," 1861 ; en- 
gaged forts Hatteras and Clark, as second in 
com., Aug. 29-30, 1861 ; in com.of l>lockade of 
sounds of Va. and N.C.,Sent.l861.— H.rmc.s/y. 

Chauncey, Ichabou Wolcott, capt. V. 

S. N. ; d. I'ensacola, Oct. 14, 183.5. Mid. June 
28, 1S04; lieut. Jan. 7, 1810; master, March 
5, 1817 ; capt. Apr. 24, 1828. 

Chauvea,U (sho-vO'), Pierre J. O., LL. D., 
Canadian author and politician, b. Quebec, 
Ma.v30, 1820. Son of a merchant. Was edu- 
cated at the sem. of Qnebee ; studied law, and 
wrote political articles for " Le Cannilien " and 
" Le Courier di-S iSttila f7«is," N. York. He was 
elected to parliament in 1844 and 1848; was 
app. solicitor-gen. in 1851 ; prov. sec. in 18.")3 ; 
and in July, 1855, superintendent of educa- 
tion. His best work is ^^ Charles (jH^rm,Romnn 
de MfTtirs Canadiennes," 1853. He is liberal 
in politics. — Morgan. 

Chauvenet, William, LL. D., mathe- 
matician, b. Milford, Pa., 1820; d. St. Paul, 
Minn., 13 Dec, 1870. Y. C. 1840. He was 
first employed in taking meteor, observations 
at Girard Coll. Obs. ; became in 1841 instr. 
in maths, at the '[). S. Naval Asylum, Phila. ; 
prof, of astron. and maths, at the Naval Acad., 
Annapolis, 1845-59 ; prof of astron. and maths, 
at Wash. U., St. Louis, 1859-62; chancellor 
of the U., 1862-9. Author of "Binomial 
Theorem and Logarithms," 1843; "Plane 
and Spherical Trigonometry," 1850; "New 
Method of Correcting Lunar Distances," 1 850 ; 
"The Great Circle-Protractor," fol., 1855; 
"Mannalof Sphcr. and Pract. Astron., "2 vols., 
1863; and " Elem. Gcom.," 1870. 

Cheetham, J.vMES, editor Amerlan Citi- 
' ten, NY., 1798; d. there Sept. 19, 1810, a. 37. 
He pub. "Reply to Aristides," 1804; "Nine 
Letters on Burr's Defeciion," 1803; "Peace, 
or War?" 1807; "Life of Thos. Paine," 
1809. Of this work, penned with "settled 
malignity," Cheetham left a revised co))y in 
the library of the N. Y. Hist. Soc. He was an 
English radical, escaped from the Manchester 
riots of 1798, had a mind largely cultivated by 
readincT, and remarkable powers of invective. 
— SeDr. Francis's Old New York. 

Cheever, Ezekiel, an eminent N. E. 
schoolmaster, b. London, Jan. 25, 1616; d. 
Boston, Aug. 21, 1708. The son of a linen- 
draper. He had a superior classical training, as 
evinced by some Latin verses and essays still 
■extant in'MS. Came to Boston in 1637, but 
in 1638, with Davenport and Eaton, founded 
New Haven. Chosen a deacon soon after the 
organization of a church, he occasionally offi- 
ciated as a preacher; taught a public school 
therefrom 1638 till 16.50, and represented the 
town in the Gen. Assembly in 1646. He was 
master of the grammar school at Ipswich 
from 1650 to 1661 ; taufiht the free school in 
Charlestown from 1661 to 1670, and from that 
time until his death had charge of the Boston 
Latin School. While teaching at New Haven, 
be prepared the " Accidence, a Short Introduc- 



tion to the Latin Tongue," which, in 1785, had 
reached 20 editions, and was for more than a 
century the band-book of the Latin scholars 
of N. E. He -also wrote a little treatise, 
" Scripture Prophecies Explained, in 3 short 
Essays." A funeral di-c. by Cotton Jlalhcr, 
with poems from his MS., was pub.. Boston, 
1828. His son S.vjici.l, first minister of 
Marblehead, d. there Mav 29, 1724, a. 85. H. 
U. 1659. B. New Haven,Ct., Sept. 22, 1639 ; 
ord. Aug. 13, 1684. 

Cheever, George B.\RREtL, D.D., clergy- 
man and author, b. Hallowcll, ^Ic, A]ir. 17, 
1807. Bowd.€oll. 1823 ; And. Thcol. Sem. 1830. 
Ord. pastor Howard-st. Cong. Church, Salem, 
Ms., 1832. While at Andovcrand Salem, he 
contributed in prose and. verse on literary and 
thcolp;.'ical topics to the North Am. Hevieio, Dib- 
lical Rejmsitori;, and other periodicals. Enga- 
ging in the Unitarian Controversy, he wrote a 
defence of the orthodoxy of Cudworth. Es- 
pousing the temperance cause, he pub. in a 
Salem newspaper, in 1835, a dream, entitled 
" Deacon Giles's Distillery." The friends of 
the deacon made a riotous attack on Mr. 
Cheever, who was tried for libel, and imprisoned 
30 days. Resigning his pastorate, he went to 
Europe, contrib. letters to the A''. i'.06.sr;rrr,and, 
on his return in 1839,took charge of the Allen-st. 
Prcsb. Church, N.Y. He soon after delivered 
his Iccturis on the " Pilgrim's Progress," and 
on " Hierarchical Despotism."- In 1843, in 3 
public debates with J. L. O'Sullivan, he 
argued forcapital punishment. He was in Eu- 
rope iu 1844, as corresp. editor of ihe N.Y. 
Evanf/elist, of which he was principal editor 
after his return in 1845. Since 1846, he has 
been pastor of the Cluirch of the Puritans, in 
New York, and is disting. as a preacher. He has 
contrib. much to the N.Y. Independent, anA the 
BiUiotheca Sacra. Among his publications are 
" Commonplace Books of Prose'and Poetrv," 
1828 and 29; "Studies in Poetry," 18-30; 
" SelectWorks of Archbishop Leighton," 1832 ; 
"Lectures on the Pilgrim's Progress." 1844; 
"Wanderings of a Pil;:rim," 1845 and '46; 
"Journal of the Pilyirims at Plvmouth in 
1620," 1848; " Windings of the River of the 
Water of Life," 1849; "Lectures on the Life, 
Genius, and Sanctity of Cowper," 1856 ; " God 
against Slavery," 1857 ; " Voyage to the Ce- 
lestial Country," &c. 

Cheever,' Henry T., brother of the prc- 
cedin;;, a Cong, clergyman, has written several 
popular hooks of travel and biography, among 
them " Island World of ihe Pacific," " Life in 
the Sandwich Islands," " The Whale and his 
Captors," 1849; " Autobiog. and Memorials 
of Capt. Obadiah Cougar," 1851 ; " Biogra- 
phy of Nathaniel Cheever, M'.D.," 1851 ; "The 
Pulpit and the Pew," 1858. Resides at Green 
Point, L.I. 

Cheney, Harriet V., author, dan. of 
Hannah Foster, b. Ms. Has pub. " The Sun- 
day-school," written in conjunction with her sis- 
ter, "A Peep at the Pilgrims," 1850; "The 
Rivals of Acadia," " Sketches from the Life of 
Christ," " Confessions of an -Early Martyr," 
1840. Mrs. Gushing, her sister, has pub. " Es- 
ther," a dramatic poem, and some works for 
the young. — Allibone. 



CHE 



181 



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Cheney, Seth, an artist celebrated for his 
i-ravoii-uiawings; d. Mancliester, Ct.,Sept. 10, 
1856, a. 55. He excelled in giving a purity 
and spirituality to his ])ieees. John Cheney, 
his brother, excelled as an engraver of heads. 
— Eccn.Posl.&iit.W. 

Chesebro, Caroline, authoress, b. Ca- 
nandaigua, N. Y. Her first tales and .'■ketches 
ajipeared in 1848, in Graliam's Ma'/uziiw, and 
Holden's Dollar Magazine. In 1851; a vol. of 
her writings was pub., entitled "Dreamland 
by Dayli:;ht, a Panorama of Komanee;" in 
1852, "Isa, a Pilgrimage," and in 1856, " Vic- 
toria, or the World overcome," a novel. She 
. has also pub. ''The Beautiful Gate, and other 
Tales," and has coutrib. occasionally to news- 
papers, and frequently to Putnam's, JJnrjjcr's, 
the KnichefltocLcr, and the Atlantic Ma'jazwGS. 

Chester, Col. John, Revol, officer, b. 
"Wetherslicld, Jan. 29, 1749; d. there Nov. 4, 
1809. Y.C. 1766. Son of Col. John (H.U. 
1722), whose gr.-grandfather Leonard, of Bla- 
by, Leicestershire, Eng., came over in 1G.33, was 
an original settler of \V , and d. there 11 Dec. 
1648, a. 39. A representative in 1772, he was 
a capt., and disiing. at the battle of Bunker's 
Hill ; was afterwards made col, and continued 
in the army until 1777. He was subsequently 
some time speaker of the legisl. of Ct., and a 
member of the council, 178S-91 and 180.3; 
supervisor of the dist. of Ct , 1791-1801, and 
he also held for some time the office of judge 
of the county court of probate. 

Chester, Joseph Lemuel, antiquary, b. 
Korwich, Ct., April 30, 1821. He was en- 
gaged in mercantile pursuits in Phila. until 
1S52, and was a frequent contrib. to the press, 
p: iueipally under various signatures, of which 
the best known is that of "Julian Cramer." 
He then became connected with the Phila. 
press, and was some time an assist, clerk in 
tiie U.S. H.of Representatives. Siiice 1S5S, 
he has resided in London. In 1869, he assist- 
ed in forming at London " The Harleian So- 
ciety," for the pub. of inedited MSS. relatmg 
to genealogy, heraldry, &c., and was chosen a 
member of its council. In 1870, he was made 
one of the council of the Hist. Soc. of Great 
Britain, recently organized. He has pub. 
"Greenwood Cemetery and other Poems," 
1S4-3 ; "A Preliminary Treatise on the Law 
of Repulsion," 1853; " Educational Laws of 
Va., the Personal Narrative of Mrs. Margaret 
Douglas," 1854; "John Rogers," with a 
genea'ogy of the family, 1861. He is a con- 
trib. to various historical and genealogical 
journals, and is an lion, member of several 
learned societies in Eng. and America. 

Chevalier (sheh-va ka-) Michel, a 
French political economist, b. Limoges, Jan. 
13, 1806; studied at the polytechnic and the 
mining schools, and was a|)p. engineer in the 
dipt, du Xoril. He joined the Diseiplcsof St. 
Simon, shared the penal, ics they incurred, and, 
ol'icr a short iniprisonnient, was sent by M. 
Thiers to the U.o., with the special mission of 
ncquaiiitiug himself with the Amer. system of 
railroads. He arrived in N.Y. near the end 
of 1832, travelled 2 years over the U S., Mexi- 
co, and Culia, and pub. the results in the 
Journal dcs Dibats, and in 1836, in book-form, 



entitled, "Lettres surl'Ain^rii/ne da Nord." Ha 
entered the council of state in 1840, sne- 
cceded M. Rosse as prof, of political economy 
at the Coll. of France, and, a few months later, 
was made chief eng of mines. In his " ///s- 
toire et Dcscrijjt ion des \'oies de Communicalion 
aiix£tals Uiiis," 2 vols., 1840-42, he gives a full 
account of American railroads, with a view of 
their influence upon social intercourse. He 
is an advocate of free trade, and in 1851 w.is 
elected a member of the aead. of moral and 
political science. Made a senator in 186(1, 
grand officer of the Legion of Honor, 1861. 
He has also paU. " L' Islhme de Siu-z," \Sii ; 
" La Liberty aux £ tats Unis," 1849; " Qms- 
lions Politiqnes et Suciales," 1852 ; " Alcxico An- 
cinit and Modern," 1864; " L' Expedition du 
Mexio'ie," in 1862, and " Cows d' Economie 
Poliliqac." 

Cheverus (shCv'e-rus) Jean Louis Anne 
Madeleine Lefevee de, D.D., cardinal, arch- 
bishop of Bordeaux, b. Muycnne, 28 Jan. 1768; 
d. Bordeaux, 19 July, 1S36. Educated at the 
Coll. of Louis le Grand, Paris, 1 786 ; ord. priest 
in 1 790 ; was some time a curate at Mayeniie ; 
came to Boston in Oct. 1796; was consec. Ist 
R.C. bishop of Boston, 1 Nov. 1810; bishop of 
Montauban, 1823; archhishop of Burdeau.x, 
1826, and cardinal in 1835. He founded a 
church in Newcastle, Me. ; spent 3 mouths in 
suecesslul missionary labors among the Indi- 
ans on the Penobscot, and, during the preva- 
lence of yellow-fever in Boston, manifested de- 
votion and benevolence not onlined to those 
of his own creed. Learned, talented, amiable, 
and devout, ho was regarded by Protestants, 
as well as Catholics, with sincere affection and 
resjiect, 

Cheves, Laxgdojj, LL.D. (Col. Coll. 
1824), jurist and statesman, b. Abbeville Dist., 
S.C, Sept. 17, 1776; d. Columbia, S.C , June 
25, 1857. He was adm. to the bar in 1800; 
entered the legisl. in 1808, becoming its leader; 
was atty.-gen. of the State; M.C. 1811-16; 
speaker during the 2d session of the 13th Con- 
gress ; judge of the C. C. P. 1816-19, and for 
some time ])res. of the U.S Bank. He was a 
zealous su]iporier of the War of 1812; was 
chairman of the naval com. in 1812, and of 
that of ways and means in 1813, and made 
several eloquent speeches, and advocated the 
creation of a navy. He was chief coniinission- 
er under the treaty of Ghent for settling some 
of its provisions. Though advocating a South- 
ern confederacy, he refused to sanction the 
scheme of ludlilieation in 1832. He was a del- 
egate to the Nashville convention in 1850, and 
to the State convention in 1852. Of his lit- . 
erary eftijrts, the best known is his essayon the 
suhject of the U.S. Bank, signed " Say." 

Chew, BENJAMiN.jiirist, b. W.River, Anne 
Arundel Co., Md., Nov. 29, 1722; d. Jan. 20, 
I3I0. His grandfather. Col. Satnl. Cliew, came 
from Clunvtoii, Somersetshire, in 1671, vvitli 
Lord Baltimore. Samuel, his father, phys. 
and judge, and a Quaker, d. 16 June, 1744'. 
His speech to the grand jury of Newcastle, on 
the lawfu!ness of defence, was pub. in 1741, 
and repub. in 1775. After studying law with 
Andrew Hamilton, and also in London, in 
1743 he settled ou the Delaware, and in 1754 



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went to Pliila., where he held respectively 
the offices of reooriler (1755-72), register ot 
wills, atty.-gen. (resigned in 1766), and be- 
came in 1774 cliict-jiistice of Pa. He was 
long speaker of the H. of delegates of the 3 
lower counties in Del. Claimed by both ]iar- 
ties when tlio llevol. i)rokc out, he took, after 
the Decl. of Indcp , a decided stand against the 
Whigs. Refusing in 1777 to sign a par.de, he 
was sent a prisoner to Fredericksburg, Va. 
Prcs. of the High Court of Errors and Appeals, 
179J-loU6. 

Chiekering, Jesse, M.D. (183.3), a sta- 
tistical writer, b. Dover, Aug. 31, 1797; d. 
West Roxbnry, Ms., May 29, 1855. H.U. 
1818. He studied theology, and became a Uni- 
tarian preacher ; then medicine, which he prac- 
tised ab. ten years ia Buston, when he removed 
to West Ko.xburv. Author of " The Popula- 
tion of Ms. from" 1765 to 1840," 1846; "Im- 
migration into the US.," 1848, and " Reports 
on the Census of Boston," 1851, and contrib. 
many valuable articles to magazines and peri- 
odicals. His last publication was a "Letter 
addressed to the Pres. of the U.S. on Slavery 
considered in Relation to the Constitutional 
Priitciples of Govt, in Great Britain and in the 
U.S.," 1855. 

Chiekering, Jonas, philanthropist, and 
piauo-lortf maker, b. New Ipswich, N.H., Apr. 
5, 1798 ; d. Boston, Dec. 8, 18.53. The son of 
a blacksmith. After receiving a common school 
education, he learned the trade of a cabinet- 
maker. In 1818, he went to Boston, and 
became a workman in John Osborne's piano- 
forte manuf., and in 1823 began business for 
himself He latterly constructed 1,500 instru- 
ments annually, and at least one grand piano, 
worth S 1 ,000, or more, every week. Just a year 
before his death, he lost, by the burning of his 
establishment, more than S200,000, but at once 
projected and com])leted an extensive factory 
at the south part of the city, covering a space 
of between 60 and 70,000 square feet, 5 stories 
in height. He was widely known for his liber- 
ality and kindness to the poor, and those who 
have struggled for fame in their musical career. 
He had been a nipniber of the legisl., pres. of 
the Handel and Haydn Society, and of the 
Ms. Charitable Mechanics Asso., which last 
office he filled at the time of his death. His 
son Thomas E. Chickering, col. 41st Ms. 
regt. in the civil war, b. Boston, 22 Oct. 1824 ; 
d. there 14 Feb. 1871. Succeeded his father 
in the management of the large piano-forte 
mannf established by him. 

Child, LvDiA Maria, phdanthropist and 
author, b. Medford, Ms., Feb. 11, 1802. Her 
ancestor, Richard Francis, settled in Cam- 
bridge, Ms., in 1636. Her brother, Convers 
Francis, was an eminent Unitarian divine. 
She W.1S educated at the public schools, and 
one year in a sent at Medford. From 1825 to 
1828, she kept a private s<hool in Watertowu, 
and in 1828 was m. to David Lee Child, a, law- 
yer of Boston. In 1841-9, she, with her hus- 
band, edi'cd the Anlisliivert/ Standard in N.Y., 
where she was a member of the family of the 
Quaker philanthropist, Isaac T. Hopper. 
AVliile there, she wrote for the Boston Courier 
her 2 series of "Letters from N.Y," afterward 



pub in 2 vols., 1843 and 1845. She has sines 
resided at Wayland, Ms. She has pnb. " Ho- 
boraok, a Tale of Early Times," 1821 ; " The 
Rebels, or Boston before the Revol.," 1822; 
"Juvenile Miscellanv,' 8 vols, troni 1827 to 
1835; " The FrugarHousewife," 1829, which 
had in 1855 reached 33 editions ; " Jlother's 
Book," 1831 ; " The Gjrl's Own Book," 1831 ; 
"The History of Woman," 1832; "Biogra- 
phies of Gooil Wives," " Memoirs of Madame 
DeStael, Madame Roland, Madame Guvon, 
and Lady Russell; " The - Coronal," 1833; 
" A]ipcal for that Class of Americans called 
Africans," 1833; the first antislavery work 
ever printed in Amer. in book-form ; " The . 
Oasis," an annual, 1834; "Antislavery Cat- 
echism ; " " Authentic Anecdotes of American 
Slavery ; " " The Evils of Slavey and the 
Cure of Slavery;" "Philothea," a novel, 
1836 ; " Fact aiid Fiction," a collection of 
Tales, 1846; "Flowers for Children," 3 vols., 
collected from the Juvenile Miscellanv ; 
" Isaac T. Hopper, a True Life," 1853 ; " The 
Progress of Religious Ideas," 3 vols. 1855; 
"Autumnal Leaves," 1857 ; "The Patriarchal 
Institution " and " The Duty of Disobedience 
to the Fugitive Slave Law," 2 small tracts, 
1860; "The Right Way and the Safe Way," 
1860; "Looking Toward Sunset," 1864; 
" The Frecdman's Book," 1865 ; and, in 1867, 
" A Romance of the Republie." Upon the 
arrest of Capt. John Brown, she wrote to hira, 
offering her services as a nurse, enclosing it in 
one to Gov. Wise. He replied, declining her 
oti'er, but asking her to aid his family, whichshe 
did. With this letter came one from (jov. Wise, 
reproving her expressions of sympathy for the 
prisoner, which she answered. She w.is also 
the recipient of a singul.ir epistle from Mrs. 
M. J. C. Mason, to which she replied in her 
best vein. This series of letters, pub. in pam- 
phlet form in 1860, had a circulation of 300,uo>i. 
Her antislavery writings contrib. in no slight 
degree to the formation of the public scntiniiiit 
which ultimately prevailed. — See Mciti. hif 
T. W. Hitir/iiisort in " Em Women of the Arji:" 

Childs, Henry Halset, M.D., physician, 
b. Pitisfield, Ms., June 7, 1783; d. IJoston, 
Mar. 22, 1868. Wms. Coll. 1802. Son of Dr. 
Timothy, an eminent physician. In Sept. 1823, 
he organized the Berkshire Med. Institute, 
which became a college in 1837, and of which 
he was prof, of the theory and practice of 
med., and pres. until 1863*. lie was a Jeffcr- 
sonian Democ. ; represented Pittsiield in the 
legisl. of 1816 and 1827; in the Const. Conv. 
of 1820; State senator in 1837, and was licut- 
gov. of Ms. in 1843. He was a man of strict 
inte^'rity and great benevolence. 

Childs, Thomas, brig.-gcn. U. S. A., b. 
Pittsticid, Ms., 1796; d. Tampa Bay, Fla.. 8 
Oct. 1853. Son of Dr. Timo., and gr.-son of 
Col. James Easton. West Point, 1814. Enter- 
ing the art., he was disting. at Niagara and Fort 
Erie ; became capt. 1 Oct. 1826 ; brev. mnj. for 
gallantry at Fort Drane, Fla., 21 Aug. 1836 ; 
brev. lieut.-col. for gallantry in the Fla. war, 
1840-2; brev. col. for Palo' Alto and Rcsaca, 
9 May, 1846 ; com. the storming party at Mon- 
terey ; joined Gen. Scott before Vera Cruz ; 
maj. 1st Art., 16 Feb. 1847 ; disting. at Cerro 



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Gordo ; brev. brii -gen. for defence of Puebia, 
12 Oct. 1847 ; mi it. yov.of Jalapa, Apr. 1847, 
and of Pucbla, Aug. 1847. He joined to un- 
daunted liravorv great professional skill, 

Childs, Ti'mothy, M.I). (H. U. ISU), 
phvsician and pitr'ot, I). DwrrtL-lil, Ms., Fch. 
1743; d. Fel). 25, 1821. Entering H. U. in 
1764, he was obliged from jiovertv to leave 
there in 1767, and, returning to Decrficld, 
studied physic, and in 1771 removed to practise 
in Pittsiield. An ardent patriot, he was com- 
missioned in a company of minute-men. with 
which he marched to Boston in Apr. 177.i, and 
was soon after app. surgeon of Col. Patterson's 
rcgt., with which he went to N. V., and in tlie 
expcd to M )ntreal. In 1777. he left the ar- 
my, and resumed priictice at Pitt^field, where 
he continued till his death. In 1792, and for 
several years after, he was a representative, and 
also a senator in the General Court, and was 
a member of the exec, council. Ho was a warm 
supporter of the Republican, or Democratic 
par ty. — Tliarhcr. 

Chiptnau, Daniel, LL.D. (Dartm. Coll. 
1848), lawyer, b. Salisbury, Ct., Oct. 22, 1763 ; 
d. Ripton.'Vt., Apr. 23, 'l8.i0. Dartm. Coll. 
1788. In 177.1, his father removed to Tinmouth. 
Daniel laliored on a farm until 178.3. After 
studying law with his bro. Nathaniel, at Rut- 
land, Vt., he commenced practice there, but in 
1794 removed to Middlebury. He became dis- 
ting. in his prof , and also in literature; was 
made a member of the Amer. Acad., 1812 ; prof 
of law in Mid. Coll. from 1806 to 1816. He rep- 
resented Rutland in the State Const. Conv. of 
179.3, and was often a member of the State 
legisl. between 1794 and 1803, when he was 
elected a memberof the council, and from 1809 
to 181.'), and again in 1818 and '21 ; speaker 
in 181.3-14; M. C. 181.'>-17; member of the 
Const. Convs. of 1816 and 1830. Besides these 
duties and distinctions, he was the first reporter 
of the Supreme Court of Vt. ; pub. a valuable 
treatise on the Law of Contracts, and a vol. of 
Reports of the Supreme Court, 8vo, 1833 ; a bi- 
ograpbv of his bro. Nathaniel Chipman, and 
also of"Col. Seth Warner and Gen. Thos. Chit- 
tenden, 1849^. He was the youngest of 7 bros., 
all highly distinguished men. 

Chipman, N.vth.\xiel, LL.D. (Dartm. 
Coll.) jurist, 1). Salishurv, Ct., Nov. l.i, 1752; 
d. Tinmouth, Vt., Feb. '15, 1843. Yale Coll. 
1777. Bro. of Daniel. Lieut, in the Revol. 
army in the spring of 1777, and participated in 
the liattles of Monmouth and White Phiins. 
He studied law, was adm. to the bar in March, 
1779, and removed to Tinmouth, Vt. He im- 
mediately took a high stand at the bar ; was a 
member of the State legisl. in 1784-3 ; a judge 
of the Supreme Court of Vt. in 1786, and chief- 
justice in 1789. In that year, he was one of 
the commissioners on behalf of Vt. to adjust 
ditferenccs with N. Y., and in 1791 to nego- 
'.iate the admission of Vt. into the Union. In 
1 791, be was app. by Wasbin^'ion judge of the 
U. S. Dist. Court of Vt., which he resigned in 
1793; in Oct. 1796 was ag.ain chosen chief- 
justice of the Supreme Court, and at the same 
time was app. one of a committee to revise the 
statutes, the duties of which were almost wholly 
performed by him. He was U. S. senator from 



1797 to 1803 ; from 1806 to 1311 was a repre- 
sentative to the State legisl. ; in 1313, lie was 
one of the council of censors ; in 181.3-13 was 
once more chief-jnstice of the Supreme Court ; 
and was jirof of law in Mid. Coll. from 1816 
until his death. Judge Chipman enjoyed high 
reputation as a jurist and a lawyer, and pos- 
sessed, also, consideriible literary and scientific 
attainments. He pnb. in 1793 " Sketches of 
the Principles of Govt.," and a small vol. of 
" Reports and Dissertations." In 1826 he re- 
vised the laws of Vt. His bro. Daniel ])ub. a 
memoir of his lile. 

Chipman, W.vrd, LL.D., chief-justice of 
N Brunswiek.b St..7idm, N.B.,.Jnlv 10, 1787; 
d. St. John, 26 Dec. 1831. H.U. 1804. Son of 
Judge Ward Chipman, a loyalist. He held, 
successively, the offices of advocate-gen. and 
clerk of the circuits, recorder of St. John, 
solicitor-gen., puisne judire of the Supreme 
Court (.Mar. 18, 1823), and Sept. 29, 18.34. was 
aiip. cliief-jtistice. He had also been a speaker 
of the assembly, and pres. of the legisl. coun- 
cil, and was a liberal benefactor of churches 
and schools. 

Chittenden, M.vhtin, gov. of Vt. (1813- 

15), son of Gov. Thomas, b. Salisbury, Ct., 
Mar. 12,1769; d. Williston, Vt.. Sept. 5', 1841. 
Dartm. Coll. 1789. In May, 1776, the family 
removed to Williston, Vt., but, during the same 
year, took up their abode in the south part of 
the State, where they remained until the close 
of the war. Owing to feeble health, he devoted 
himself to agric. pursuits, of which he was ex- 
ceedingly fond, at Jericho, in Chittenden Co. 
Was a member of the convention that adopted 
the U. S. Constitution ; was in 1790 elected 
county clerk and representative, to which sta- 
tion he was re-elected for 6 successive years, and 
also at occasional subsequent intervals. He was 
judge of the Co. Court in 1793-5; chiel-iudge 
in 1796-1803; and was M. C. from 1803 to'l813, 
and judge of probate in 1821-2. He n-as gov. 
during the war with Eng., and refused to com- 
ply with the requisition of Gen. Macomb for the 
State militia. This act was severely commented 
upon by his political opponents, and prevcntel 
his re-election. At the age of 33, he attained 
the rank of maj.-gen. of militia. 

Chittenden, Tho:.hs, first gov. of Vt., 

b. East Guilford, Ct., Jan. 6, 1730 ; d. Willis- 
ton, Vt., Aug. 24, 1797. With a scanty edu- 
cation, at the age of 20, he m., and removed to 
Salisbury, where lie commanded a regt. ; was 
many years representative, and justice of the 
peace, but in May, 1774, emig. to the N.H. 
grants, as Vt. was then called, and settled at 
Williston, on Onion River. During the con. 
troversy with N.Y., and the war of the Revol., 
he was assiduously engaged in the councils 
of his State, to which he rendered s:reat ser- 
vice ; was a member of the convention, which, 
Jan. 16, 1777, declared Vt. an independent 
State ; and was app. one of the com. to 
communicate to Congress the proceedings of 
the inha'-itants, and to solicit admission into 
the Confederacy. He was a leading mem- 
ber of the convention at Windsor, .Tuly 2, 
1777, which framed the first constitution of 
Vt. ; and pres. of the council of safety, 
which was vested with all the powers of 



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govt., executive, legislative, ami jmiirial. 
A memoir of him, with a history of the con- 
stitution of Vt. (lurin'^r his administration, 
was pub. in 1849, by Daniel Cliipman. Un- 
der the constitution established in 1778, he 
was elected ;;ov. of the State, and, with the 
exception of one year, filled that office until 
his death. In the difficult position in which 
Governor Chittenden was placed, contending 
for independence on the one hand, and unac- 
knowledged liy Congress as a Stale, in conse- 
quence of the claims of N.Y., upon the other, 
a profound policy was requisite. To prevent 
invasion, hopes were held out to the British, 
of a return to its allegiance to the king ; while 
the possibility of her deserting the American 
cause operated, in Congress, to prevent her be- 
inir required to submit to the claims of N.Y. 

ChitWOOd, M. Louis.v, poet, b. 29 Oct. 
18.32; d. Xlt. Carmel, Ind., 19 Dec. 18.")5. 
She was a contrib. to the LnnisvUle Joiinial, 
Ladies' Ri/pos., Arthur's Home G'tzetlc, &e.,and, 
at the time of her death, was preparing for 
publication a vol. of poems, which appeared 
in I8.t7, with an introd. bv Geo D. Prentice. 

Choate, Khfus, LLiD. (YC. 1844), an 
eminent lawver and orator, b. Kssex, Ms., 1 
Oct. 1799; d. Halifax, N.S., L"? July, 18.59. 
Dartm. Coll. 1819. Tutor in D.O. one year; 
he then studied at the Canib. Law School, and 
in the office of Wm Wirt, at Washington, 
D.C. ; began practice at Dauvcrs in 1824, and, 
in 18-34, reinoved to Boston, where he gained 
the highest position as an advocate. Ho was 
a Stati! representative in 182.") ; Stale senator 
in 1827, and M.C. from the Essex District in 
1832-4 ; U.S. senator, as successor to Mr. 
Webster, Feb. 1841-Aug. 1845. He spoke ably 
on the McLeod case, the Fiscal Bank Bill, 
Oregon, the Smithsonian Institution (of which 
he was a regent), and in opposition to the an- 
nexation of Texas. In 1853, he was attv.- 
gen. of Ms. and a. member of the Const. 
Conv. After the death of Mr. Webster, ho 
■was the acknowledged leader of the Ms. bar. 
In 1858, impaired health compelled his retire- 
ment from professional labor ; and ho sailed for 
Europe, but proceeded no farther than Hali- 
fax, where he died. Tall and commanding in 
person, he had a face of remarkable expres- 
sion, and a rich, musical, and sympathetic 
voice. His speech was wonderfully persna- 
sive, exuberant, and brilliant, and his learning 
various and extensive. In the management of 
causes, he possessed consummate tact, and uner- 
ring judgment. Skilful in the examination of 
witnesses, never making a mistake himself nor 
overlooking one in an opponent, his powers as a 
lawyer were seen to the greatest advantage in 
the unpremeditated discussion of the law-points 
that incidentally arose. Rufus, his son, an 
officer in the 2d Ms. Vols., d. Dnrehcster, 
.Ms., 15 Jan. 1 800, a. 32. — .?■<■ his Works, with 
M.nwir liii S. O. Brown. 1862; (lohkn Age 
of Amrrimn Oraiori/, ly E. G. Porker, 1857." 

Choici de (leli sluva'-zc'), a Fr."ncb gen. 
of bri ;ade, of (listing, merit, in the army of 
Rochambeau ; com. the force which invested 
Gloucester, Va., Oct. 3, 1780, attacked and de- 
feated Tarlcton's Legion, and aided in the cap- 
ture of Cornwallis at Yorktown, Va. 



ChOUleS, Joiiy OvERTOV, D.D., Baptist 
clergyman and author, b. Bristol, Eng., Feb. 
5, 18UI; d. New York, Jan. 5, 1856. After 
completing his school education, he became in 
1822 a divinity student in the Baptist Coll. at 
Bristol. After his arrival in America in 1824, 
he was 2 vears jirincipa! of an acad. at Red 
Hook, N.j. ; officiated in his clerical capacity 
in Newp.irt, R.I., in New Bedford, Ms., Buf- 
falo (1837-41 ), at Jamaica Plain, near Boston, 
1843, and while at the latter jilace, and in New- 
jiort, he had charge of a select school of boys, 
for which lie was admirably qualified. At the 
time of his death, he had the pastoral charge of 
a Baptist church at Newport. He was also a 
public lecturer, a contrib. to the press, and 
pub. " The History of Christian Missions," a 
narrative of a yachting excursion to Europe 
in company with Mr. Vanderbilt. 1854, an 
edition of Neal's " History of the Puritans," 
1843; a continuation of Ilinton's "History 
of the US.," edited an edition of Foster's 
"Statesmen of the Commonwealth of Eng- 
land," 1846; James's "Church-Member's 
Guide," and " Yming American Abroad, or Va- 
cation in Europe," describing an excursion- 
tour with several of his pupils. He delivered 
excellent anniversary addresses ; was much in- 
terested in agricultural and political matters; 
and was a warm parlisan and personal friend 
of Mr. Webster. Of low stature, in person 
the bean ideal of a hon rirunt, his knowledge 
of the world, humor, and vivacity, made him a 
most agreeable companion, in addition to 
which, he was exceedingly benevolent. 

Chouteau (shoo'-to'), Augt^te and 
Pierre, two brothers, founders of the citv of 
St. Louis, b. N. Orleans ; d. (the first) Feb. 24, 
1 829, a. 80, and Pierre, July 9, 1 849, a. 90. They 
joined the expcd. of Laclede in Aug. 1763, to 
establish the fiir-trado in the region west of 
the Mpi. Auguste, the elder, was in com. of 
a boat. In the following winter, they selected 
a point 61 miles above St. Genevieve, on the 
western bank of the Mpi,, for their principal 
post, and named this St. Louis. Anguste was 
in charge of the party that commenced opera- 
tions here Feb. 15, 1764. The brothers be- 
came, in time, the heads of numerous lumilies 
of the highest respectability ; acquired Jiffluence 
and a name, which, after a lapse of 70 years, is 
still a passport that commands safety and hos- 
pitality among the Indians of the north-west. 
Pierre, son of the last-named, b. 19 Jan. 
1789; d. 8 Sept. 1865. Was a leading mer- 
chant in the fur-trade in St Louis ; a principal 
member or the head of most of the successive 
eonipanies formed for conducting this business. 
In 1834, he, with Messrs. Pratteand Cabanne, 
purchased the interest of John Jacob Astor in 
the American Fur Company. In 1839 wiis 
formed the house of P. Chouteau, jun., & Co., 
which nearly monopolized the fur-trade of the 
west and north-we^t — Edwards's Great West. 

Christian, Col. William, b. Berkeley 
Co., Va.. 17-32; d. June, 1782. E.migrating 
with his family to Pa., he served against 
I'oniiac; wasacapt. in Forbes'sexped. against 
Fort Duquesne in 1758, and was efficient in 
Dunmore's campaign against the Seiotos. 
He was an intimate friend of Washington. 



CHE. 



185 



CHxr 



Settled at BraiMock's Ford on the Youghi- 
Ofienv in 1768, and raised and com. a rcgt. dur- 
in;,' the Kevol. In 1782, he reluctantly accepted 
the com. of an exped. to ravage the Wyandotte 
and Moravian Indian townson thelluskinjtuin ; 
was taken prisoner, and put to death with ex- 
cruciating tortures. 

Christie, CJkn. Gabriel ; d. Montreal, 
Nov. 1798. Capt. 48th Foot, Nov. 13,»1754, 
and was in com. at Albany in the summer of 

1757. He served at the siege of Louishurg in 

1758, was app. maj. Apr. 7, 1759 ; d.q.-m.-gen. 
in Amer., Aug. 14, and entered Canada with 
the British army in 1760. He became brevet 
lieut.-col. Jan. 27, 1762 ; lieut.-col. 60th roy. 
Americans, Dec. 24, 1768. Sept. 18, 1775, he was 
cliangcd to the first batt. ; app. qnartermast.- 
gen. in Canada, Apr. 2, 1776 ; hrev. col. Apr. 
29,1777; col. com. 2d batt. May 14, 1778; 
m.-gen.Oct. 19, 1781 ; lieut.-gen.Oct. 12, 1793 ; 
gen. Jan. 1, 1798. Gen. C. was proprietor of 
Isle Aux Nois in the Richelieu River, a little 
north of Lake Charaplain, which he afterwards 
sold to the crown ; and of several seigniories in 
the vicinity of the island. 

Christie, John, col. U.S.A., son of James, 
b. N.Y. City, 1786; d. Fort George, U.C, 
July 22, 1813. Col. Coll. 1806. Ho studied 
law'; was app. lieut. ofinf, May 3, 1808; 
capt. Feb. 1809; lieut.-col I3ih Inf., Mar. 12, 
1812; wounded at Queenstovvn, Oct. 13, 
1812, where he com. the regular trooi)S. He 
displayed here the courage and skill of a 
veteran, but was compelled, after an heroic 
struggle, to surrender to an ovenvhelming 
force. Insp -gen.. Mar. 18, 1813 ; col. 23d Inf.', 
Mar. 12, 1813. 

Christie, RomiET, M.P.R., a Canadian 
historian, b. Nova Scotia, 1788; d. Quebec, 
Oct. 13, 1856. Author of "History of L. 
Canada," 6 vols., 12mo. He was at various 
times a contrib. to the Quebec Gazette and to 
the Qnrhpr Afercuri/. 

Christophe (krcs'tur), Hekri, king of 
Havti, h. { )ct. 6, 1767, in the Island of Granada, 
or of St. Christopher; d. Oct. 8, 1820, by his 
own hand. One account states that he was, at 
the age of 12, taken to St. Domingo, sold as a 
slave, and employed as a cook: others relate, 
that after serving in the Amer. war, and receiv- 
ing a wound at the siege of Savannah, he went 
to St. Domingo, and was employed on the 
plantation of Limonade, displaying as an over- 
seer his characteristic severity. From the com- 
mencement of the troubles amongst the blacks, 
he took a decided part in fiivor of independ nee, 
and signalized himself by his energy, boldness, 
and activity in many bloody engagements. 
Toussaint made him a l)rig.-gen., and employed 
him to suppress an insurrection. This was 
speedily accomplished ; and Christophe was 
made gov of the province of the north. He 
com. at the cape in 1 802, when Lcclerc arrived 
with a French army destined for the subjugation 
ofthenegrocs. Des«a!inesand C'hristophewcre 
declared outlaws. Their IieroieeCbrts, aided by 
the climate, left, at the close of 1805, no vestige 
of a French force in Hayti. Christophe was 
gen. -in-ihief during the brief administration of 
Dessalines,andwas app., in Feb. 1807, pres. for 
life. The popularity of Petion in the south, 



however, led to the organization, at the same 
time, of a republic at Port an Prince under 
that oflScer ; but the civil war which ensued did 
not prevent Christophe from taking judicious 
nieasuies for the establishment of order, and the 
promotion and cinouragemcnt of the industry 
of his people. Having aholislied the repub- 
lican forms, he was, Mar. 28, 1811, proclaimed 
king of Hayti by the name of Henri I., and 
was crowned at the cape, June 2, 1S12. Fol- 
lowing the example of Napoleon still furihc-, 
he compiled from the " Code Napoleon " the 
" Code Henri," which hail the merit of judicious 
ad.iptation to the situation of Il.iyti. A sus- 
pension of hostilities between Petion and him- 
self took place in 1814. They broke out afresh 
upon the death of Petion in 1818 ; and an in- 
surrection, begun by the army, soon extended 
itself in all directions. Christophe, whose 
deposition was demanded, and who was confined 
by illness in his fortified palace of Sans Souci, 
perceiving his case to be desperate, and resolved 
not to gratify the insurgents by becoming their 
prisoner, shot himself. His eltlest son was mas- 
sacred ; but his widow and daughter were pro- 
tected by Boyer, who enabled them to withdraw 
to Europe with a competent fortune. 

Christy, William, lawyer, b. George- 
town, Ky., Dec. 6, 1791. Ele began practice 
in 1811. Served under Harrison in the War 
of 1812. and was afterward a merchant in N. 
Orleans. Resuming practice, he pub. in 1826 
a " Digest of the Decisions of the Sup. Court 
of La." During the H,irrison presidential 
canijiaign in 1840, he was a ready and fre- 
quent speaker in behalf of his old friend. 

Chronicle, Maj. William, an officer of 
the Revol., b. S.C, 1755 ; killed at the battle 
of King's Mountain, N.C.. Oct. 7,1780. He 
belonged to the S.C. contingent, furnished in 
1779, after the defeat at Savannah. In 1780, 
he became maj., and fell while gallantly leading 
his men in the attack on Maj. Ferguson. A 
monument was erected to his memory upon the 
battle-field. 

Church, Albert E., LL.D. (Y.C. 18.52), 
mathematician, b. Salisbury, Ct. West Point 
(1st in class), 1828. Son of Judge Samuel. 
Entering the 3d Art., he became 1st lieut. 13 
Jan. 1836; assist, prof, of math.. West Point, 
Oct. 1833 ; prof, since 13 Mar. 1838 ; A.M. of 
Wash. Coll., Ct., and N. J. Coll. 1837 ; mem- 
ber of several scientific asso. Author of Ele- 
ments of Diff. and Integ. Calculus," 1842 ; 
improved ed., 1851; "Elements of Analyt. 
Geom.," 1851; "Elements of Descriptive 
Genm.," &c., 1865. — Culliim. 

Church, Col. Besjamin, disting. in the 
early Indian wars of N. E., b. Plymouth, Ms., 
1639; d. Little Compton, where he had settled 
in 1674, Jan. 17, 1718. He was engaged in 
several severe skirmishes in King Philip's war, 
one of wiiich was in a swamp near Bridge- 
water; and in Aug. 1676, com. the party by 
which Philip was killed. Com.-in-chief of an 
ex]ied. against tlw Eastern Indians in 1689, he 
ascended the Kennebec, and rescued Casco for 
a time. He made 4 other cxpeds. against the 
Indians in Me., doing much injury to the 
French and Indians on the Kennebec, Penob- 
scot, and Passamaquoddy Rivers. Under bis di- 



CHTJ 



186 



rcction, and from his minutes, his son Thoma3 
wrote a " History of Philip's War," 1716, Uist 
edition, with notes by H. M. Dexter, 1865. He 
wiis equally dieting, in the various walks of 
life by his inleiirity, justice, and piety. In his 
old age, he was corpulent ; and he d. by a fall 
from his horse. Thomas, his granclson, b. 
Little Compton, d. Digbton. Ms. ; was app. 
col. in the R.I. army of observation in May, 
1775; was a member of the State senate in 
1776, and an assist, in the R. I. ;;ovt. 

Church, Benjamin, physician, p-eat- 
grandson of the preceding, b. Newport, R. I., 
An;,'. 24, 17.34; lost at .sea, May, 1776. H.U. 
1754. He studied medicine in London, and, 
after his return to Boston, became eminent as 
a surgeon. Ab. 1768, he built an elegant man- 
sion at Raynham, where he is said to have led 
an extravagant and licentious life. The pecu- 
niary embarrassment resulting from this is 
supposed to have led to his defection from the 
cause of his country. For several years pre- 
ceding the Revol., he was a conspicuous and 
leading Whig. He was a representative, a 
member of the Prov. Congress of 1774, and 
physician-gen. to the patriot-army. In 1774, 
Church was found to have written parodies of 
popular songs, composed by himself in favor 
of liberty, for the Tory journals. In .Sept. 1775, 
an intercepted letter in characters, to Maj. 
Cain in Boston, which had passed through 
the hands of a woman who was kept by 
Church, was deciphered; and the woman final- 
ly confessed that Church was its autlior. Oct 
3, 1775, he was convicted by a court-martial, 
of which Washington was pres., " of holding 
a criminal corresp. with the enemy," and was 
imprisoned at Cambridge. He was expelled 
from the house, notwithstanding a brilliant and 
ingenious defence, and by order of Congress was 
confined in jail at Norwich, Ct.,and debarred 
the use of pen, ink, and paper. Released in 
May, 1776, on account of failing health, he 
sailed for the W. Indies, and was never after- 
ward heard from. His family was pen,-ioned 
by the crown. He was an elegant orator and 
poet, and the best of the contributors to the 
Pietas et Graftilalio. He wrote " The Choice," 
a poem ; " The Times," 1760, a satire on the 
Stamp Act and its abettors ; an elegy on Dr. 
Mayliew, 1766, on Whitefield, 1770 ; "Address 
to a Provincial Bashaw, by a Son of Liberty," 
1769 ; " Oration, Mar. 5, 1773." An account 
of his e.xamination and defence is in Ms. Hist. 
Colls, vol. i. 

Church, Frederic Kdwin, landscape- 
painter, b. Hartford, Ct., May, 1826. A pupil 
of Thos. Cole, he was first brought into notice 
liy his view of East Rock, near New Haven. 
Subsequent representations of Amor, scenery, 
increasing bis reputation, he went in 1853 to S. 
Amer. His viewsof the great mountain-chains 
of New Granada were among the first seen 
here ; and they attracted great attention at the 
exhibition of the N.Y. Acad, of Design. In 
1857, be made a second visit, and also painted 
a large view of Niagara Falls, which greatly 
increased his reputation. It represents the 
HorseShoe Fall as seen from the Canadian 
shore, near Table Rock, and has been pro- 
nounced, both here and in Eng., the best rep- 



resentation of the Falls ever painted. Mr. 
Church has for some years been a resident of 
N.Y. His " Heart of the Andes," " Cotopaxi," 
"The Icebergs," and "Rainy Season in the 
Tropics," are among his best eflTorts. 

Church, Samuel, LL.D. (Trin. Coll. 
1847), jurist, b. Salisburv, Ct.. Feb. 17S5; d. 
at Newtown, Sept. 12, 1854. Y.C. 1803. He 
studied law, and settled in his native town, of 
which he was a representative and senator 
(1818-31) ; 11 years judge of probate; judge 
of the Superior Court in 1833, and in 1847-54 
chief-justice. He removed to Litchfield in 
1845. lie pub. an address at the S.ilisbury 
CcnfnninI .IiiMlee, 1841. 

Churchill, Svlvestkr, brig.-gen. U.S.A., 
b. Wnod-tock, Vt, Aug. 2, 1783; d. Wash- 
ington, Dec. 7, 1862. Educated in the schools 
of his native place, he pub. in Windsor, in 
1803, a weekly Democ. newspaper. The Ver- 
mont Republican. App. lieut. of art. in Mar. 
1812; capt. Aug. 1813, of a company raised 
by himself, and did good service on Burlington 
Heights in protecting Macdonough's fleet dur- 
ing an attack, while undergoing repairs. Asst. 
insp.-gcn. Aug. 29, 1813 ; ordnance officer 
under Gen. Wade Hampton, serving as such 
through the war. He was in the attack on 
La Cole Mill ; was subsequently on the staff of 
Gen. Iztrd, andwas acting adj.-gen. to Gen. 
Macomb, at Plattsburg; maj. 3d Art., Apr. 6 
1835; acting insp.-gen. in Creek Nation and 
in Florida, from July, 1836, to 1841 ; insp.-gen. 
June 25, 1841 ; brev. brig.-gen. Feb. 23, 1847, 
" for gallant and meritorious conduct in battle 
of Bucna Vista." Retired Oct. 1861. His 
eldest son, dipt. Wm. H. Churchill, d. at Point 
Isabel in 1847. West Point, 1840. 

Churshman, John, Quaker preacher, b. 
Nottingham, Pa., June 4, 1705 ; d. there July 
24, 1775. He entered on tlie ministry in 17.33; 
travelled and preached in N.E. in 1742; in 
N.Y. in 1743, and again in 1774; in Eng., 
Scotland, Wales, Ireland, and Holland in 
1750-4, and, in 1775, visited the Eastern shore 
of Md. He was an able preacher and an ex- 
emplary man. An account of his labors and 
experiences was pub., Lond., 1780. — Coll. of 
Quah,' MemoriuU. 

Churchman, John, a Quaker, disting. 
for his researches after the cause of the varia- 
tion of the magnetic needle, b. Md. ; d. on the 
passage from Europe, July 24, 1805. He pub., 
besides several philos. tracts, a useful variation- 
chart of the globe, magnetic atlas and explana- 
tion, Phila., 1790 ; was a member of the Rus- 
sian Imperial Acad., and was presented by it 
with a .set of its Transactions. 

Churruca y Elorza de (dachoor-roo'- 

ka e a-lor'-tlia), C. Damias, an able Spanish 
naval officer, b. Guipuzcoa, 1761 ; killed at the 
battle of Trafalgar, 1805. Sent with the 
exped. to survey the Straits of Magellan, his 
valuable " Diary of the Exploration of Terra 
del Fuego," was pub. in 1793. He com. an 
exploring exped. to the Gulf of Mexico in 1791, 
from which resulted numerous charts of the 
coasts. 

Cieza, or Cieea de Leon (the-a'-thii da 
la-6n'), Pedro, b. Seville, ah. 1520; served 
under Pizarro in the W. Indies ; resided many 



caxi 



187 



CLiA. 



years in Vera. Author of " Cronica dfl Peru " 
(1553), commended by Prescott. — See Con- 
quest of Peru. 

Cilley, Ge?j. Joseph, Revol. officer, b. Not- 
tin^haui, N.H.,1734; d. there Aug. 1799. His 
father WHS one of tlie first settlers of N. in 1727. 
With little education, he became a self-lausriit 
lawyer. In Dec. 1774, he, with other patriots, 
dismantleil the fort at Portsmouth, and re- 
moved the cannon. Immediately after the bat- 
tle of Lcxinirtun, he led 100 vols, to Boston ; 
became a major in Poor's regt. in May, 1775; 
lieut.-col. Nov. 8, 1776, and col. IstN.H. rogt., 
Feb. 22, 1777. He com. his regt. at Ticonde- 
roga in July, 1777 ; was conspicuous for brav- 
ery at Bemis Heights in Sept. ; was at the 
storming of Stony Point, at the battle of Mon- 
mouth, and in Sullivan's e.K|)ed. against the 
Indians in 1779, serving; to the end of tiie war. 
Maj.-gen. of militia, June 22, 1786, and lield 
various offices. 

Cist, Ch.irles, editor and author; d. Cin- 
cin., 6 ."^epr. 1868. Editor of " Cists's Adver- 
tiser," Ciii., 1844-53, and of 3 vols, of Annals of 
Cincinnati, 1841, '51, and '59, and Cincinnati 
Miscellany. 8vo. 

Cist, Lkwis J., poet, son of Charles, b. 
Hanno'ny, Pa., 20 Nov. 1818. Removed when 
a cliild to Cincinnati, and in 1852 to St. Louis, 
where he has long been a bank-offiier. From 
his contrihs to the " Hesperian," his father's 
" Ailvertiser," and other papeis, he collected 
and pub. in 1845 a vol. of "Trifles in Verse." 
— S.e Po Is (iiidPoetn/ of the West. 

Claflin, \ViLLi.\M, LL.D.(Wesl. U. 1868), 
gov. of Ms., 1869-71, b. Milford, 6 Mar. 1818. 
Many years engaged in the slice and leather 
busine.ss, Boston. Member Ms. legisl. 1849- 
52; senator, 1860; pres. senate, 1861, and lieut.- 
gov. 1866-9. 

Claggett, John TH0.1IAS, D.D., first Ep. 
bishup uf .Md., b. Oct. 2, 1742, at White's 
Landing, Md.; d. Aug. 2, 1816. N.J. Coll. 
1764; i).U. 1787. Sun of a clcrv'yman ; adni. 
to priest's orders by the bishop of Lond., Oct. 11, 
1767. He took charge of All Saints' parish, 
Calvert Co., Md., until the Kevol., and after- 
wards of St. .James's parish, Anne Arundel Co., 
preaching alternately in both. In 1791, he 
removed to his large paternal estate at Croom 
in Prince George's Co. After the organiza- 
tion of the church in the diocese of Md., Dr. 
Claggett was elected its first bishop, and was 
consec. Se])t. 17, 1792. 

Claiborne, Ferdinand Leigh, gen., b. 
Sussex Co., \'a., 1772; d. 1815. Bro. of Wm. 
C.C. App. ensign of inf , Feb. 1 793 ; capt. Oct. 
1799 ; brig.-gen. militia Mpi. Terr., Feb. 181 1 ; 
col. Mpi. vols. 1812-13; brig.-gen. vols. 1813 ; 
com. in engagement with Creek Indians at the 
" Holy Ground," Dec. 1813 ; legislative coun- 
cillor'Mpi. Terr., 1815. Hesettled in the Mis- 
sissippi 'I'erritory, and presided over the delib- 
erations of its legisl. 

Claiborne, John F. H., journalist and 
author, h. Natchez, Mpi. Educated as a lawyer 
in Va. ; iiK'nil)er Mpi. legisl. 3 sessions; M.C. 
1835-8 ; editor Natchez fair Trader and Louisi- 
ana Courier, and afterward of an agric. paper 
in N. Orleans ; app. U.S. timber agent for La. 
and Mpi. by Pres. Pierce ; author of " Life of 



Gen. Sam. Dale," 1860; "Life of Gen. Qui^ 
man," 2 vols. 12ino. — Hist. Mar/, iii. 352. 

Claiborne, Nathaniel Herbert, poli- 
tician, of the same family as the above, and 
bro. of Gov. Win. C. C, l"). Franklin Co., Va , 
1777 ; d.on his plantation there, Aug. 15, 1859. 
He was the son of Wm. Claiborne and Mary 
Leigh; was many years a disiing. member of 
both branches of the Va. legisl., where he was 
a reformer of extravagance and abuses of the 
govt. ; was afterward a member of the exec, 
council, and was a M.C. from 1825 to 1837. 
Author of "Notes on the War in the South," 
Richmond, 12mo, 1819. 

Claiborne, William Charlks Cole, 
statesman, b. Va., 1773; d. N. Orleans, Nov. 
23. l.'<17. Bred a lawyer, be settled in Tenn., 
where he soon received the app. of territorial 
judge ; assisted in framing a State constitution 
in 1796, and was M.C. from 1797 to 1801. He 
was app., by Jefferson, gov. of Mpi. in 1802; 
was a commissioner with Gen. Wilkinson to 
t.ike possession of La. on its purchase from the 
French, and, on the establishment of the new 
govt, in 1804, was app. gov., to which position 
he was elected by the people from 1812 to 1816. 
Elected to the US. senate in the latter year, 
he was prevented by sickness from taking his 
seat. Of the same family as the above were, 
1st, Col. Thomas of Brunswick, Va., M.C. 
1793-9, 1801-5; 2d, his son. Dr. John, M.C. 
from 1805 to his death, Oct. 9, 1808; 3d, 
Thomas of Nashville, Tenn., M.C. 1817-19; 
4th, Nathaniel H. of Va. — Lanman. 

Clap, Nathaniel, minister of Newport, 
R.I., b. Jan. 20, 1669; d. Newport. Oct. 30, 
1745. HC. 1690. Grandson of deacon 
Nicholas, a settler of Dorchester in 1636. He 
began to preach in Newport in 1695 ; was ord. 
Nov. 3, 1720, and preached there until his 
death. Whitelield .and Bishop Berkeley both 
speak of his appearance as most venerable. He 
was a man of great earnestness, goodness, and 
charily. He pub. " Advice to Children," 1691, 
and a sermon on some extraordinary dispensa- 
tions, 1715. 

Clap, Capt. Roger, one of the first settlers 
of Dorchester, b. Sallom, Devonshire, Eng., 
Apr. 6, 1609 ; d. Boston, Feb. 2, 1691. Emi- 
gr.ating to Ms. in 1630, with Warham, Maver- 
ick, and others, he began a plantation at Dor- 
chester. He sustained several military and 
civil offices; was a representative from 1652 to 
1666, and capt. of Castle William from Aug. 
1665, till his removal to Boston in 1686. Being 
a man of remarkable piety, he officiated as chap- 
lain at the castle. His manuscript memoirs — 
a most touching memorial of the New-England 
worthies, prepared for the benefit of his chil- 
dren, to whom he gives excellent advice — were 
first pub. by Rev. Thos. Prince in 1731, and 
have been 5 times reprinted, the last time by 
tlie Dorcliester Hist. Soc. — Hist, of Dorchester. 

Clap, Thom.vs, divine and scholar, b. Scit- 
uate, .Ms., June 26, 1703 ; d. N. Haven, ,Jan. 7, 
1767. H. U. 1722. He was educated by Dr. 
McSparran, the R. I. missionary ; was minis- 
ter of Windham, Ct., 1726-39, and pres of Y. 
C. 1739-66. He was one of the most learned 
men of his time in N. E.; constructed the first 
orrery in America, and was eminent as a math- 



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188 



CLA 



ematician, astronomer, ami natural philoso- 
pher. The coll., iin jer his administration, rose 
greatly in reputation. He was an aci-oniplisheci 
instructor, and a man of inJefatigahlo industry 
and unaffected piety. He wrote a " History oP 
Yale Coll.," 1766; " An AbridL'ment of the 
Established Doctiines of the N. E. Churches," 
1755 ; also sermons ; a tract on meteors; " l''s- 
say on the Religious Constitution of Colleges," 
1754; " Nature and Foundation of Moral Vir- 
tue and Obligation," 1765; "Letter to Mr. 
Edwards," 1745 ; and " Remarks on Graham's 
Vindication of B. Gale." 

Clapp, Asa, merchant, b. Mansfield. Ms., 
March 15, 1762; d. Portland, May 17, 1848. 
The son of a respectalile Hirmer. He-was a vol. 
in Sullivan's exped. to R. I. in 1778, andserved 
as an officer of a privateer until the close of the 
Revol., when he obtained the com. of a ship. 
He was at St. Domingo during the negro 
insurrection, and rendered much service to 
the distressed inhabitants. Quitting the sea in 
1796,he established himself in business in Port- 
land, and became one of the wealthiest and 
most disting. merchants of Me. He was a State 
councillor, a delegate to the convention for 
framing the constitution of Me. in Oct. 1819, 
and several years a representative in the State 
legisl. He was noted for benevolence and 
rectitude. A memoir, by J. A. Lowell, is in 
"Lives of American Merchants." — Portland 
Advertiser, Maij 18. 

Clapp, Rev. Theodore, Unitarian clergy- 
man, b. Easthampton, Ms., March 29, 1792 ; 
d. Louisville, Ky., Apr. 17, 1866. Y. C. 1814. 
He studied theology at Andover in 1818-19, 
and in 1822 became pastor of the First Presb. 
Church in N. Orleans. In 18-34, he adopted 
Unitarian views, and dissolved his connection 
with the Presb. Church, but remained pastor 
of nearly the same congregation as before, or- 
ganized under the name of the Church of the 
Messiah. He resided in N. Orleans through 20 
fatal and wide-spreading epidemics, including 
yellow-fever and cholera, and, by his laborious 
devotion to all classes, earned the esteem and 
affection alike of his own parishioners and of 
the whole body of Protestant and Catholic in- 
habitants. In 1847, he travelled in Europe; re- 
signed his pastorate from ill health in 1857, 
and in 1858 pub. a vol. of "Autobiographical 
Sketches and Recollections of a .35-Years' Res. 
in N. Orleans ; " in 1859, " Thcol. Views," &c. 
An instance of the esteem in which he was held, 
even by his bitterest religions foes, is found in 
the fact, that, for many years, the use of a 
large church in N. Orleans was given him by 
its owner, Judah Touro, a wealthy Jew, free 
of expense. 

Clapp, William Warland, Jun., jour- 
nalist, b. Boston, II Apr. 1826, succeeded his 
father, in 1847, as editor of the Boston Sat. 
Eveninii Ga-etie. After the death ot C. O.Ro- 
gers, he became a proprietor of the Boston Jour- 
nal. Author of a " History of the Boston 
Stage." 

Clark, Abraham, signer of the Decl. of 
Indep., b. Elizabuthtown, N.J., 15 Feb. 1726 ; 
d. Rahway, Sept. 15, 1794. Bred a farmer, he 
taught himself a knowledge of mathematics and 
of the law ; held the offices of high sheriif and 



clerk of the as.semhly, and, from his habit of 
giving legal advice gratuitously, was called 
"the poor man's counsellor." Active in the 
Revol. movement, he was on the committee 
of public safety; was, with few intermissions, 
a delegate to Congress from June 11, 1776, un- 
til the adoption of the Fed.-ral Const., and was 
a member of the conventions at Annapolis in 
1786, and of that which framed the U. S. Const, 
in 1787. Member of the State legisl, 1782-7 ; 
M. C. 1789-94. Two of his sons, officers of 
the army, were at one time inmates of the Jer- 
sey prison-ship ; and the sufferings of one of 
them were such that Congress ordered a retali- 
ation. His zeal, public spirit, and patriotism 
made him one of the most useful men of his 
time. 

Clarke, Sib Aldred, a British field-mar- 
shal, b. 1745; d. Sept. 16, 1832. He entered 
the army in 1755; became maj. Nov. 1771; 
lieut.-cof. 7th Foot, 1777 ; brev. col. May, 1781 ; 
maj.-gen. 1790; lieut.-gcn. 1797; gen. 1800; 
field-marshal, 18.30. He com. the British forces 
in Savannah, until their withdrawal, 11 July, 
1782, and gained the good will of the Ameri- 
cans by his courtesy and by the protection of 
property at the evacuation. Gov. of Jamaica ; 
gov. of Quebec, 1792-3 ; com. at the eapture 
of the Cape of Good Hope in 1795; com. -in- 
chief of Madras, 1795-7; gov.-gen of India, 
Sept. \797-Apr. 1808 ; and cora.-in-chiefof the 
forces in India, May, 1798-1801. 

Clark, Alvan, portrait-painter, and maker 
of telescopes, b. Ashfield, Ms., March 8, 1804. 
A farmer's hoy, at 22 he liecame a calico-engrav- 
er at Lowell. In 1836, he became a success- 
ful portrait-painter in Boston, and still contin- 
ues to practise this art. When over 40 years 
of age, he became interested in telescopes, and, 
with his sons, succeeded in producing instru- 
ments of great accuracy. No. 9 of vol xvii. of 
the " Proceedings of the Roy. Astron. Society 
of Lond.," contains a list of discoveries by Mr. 
Clark, with telescopes of his own manufacture. 
He is also the inventor of a double eye-piece, 
an ingenious and v.aluable method of measur- 
ing small cclesti.al arcs from .3' to 60'. Jan. 3, 
1863, the French Imperial Acad, of Sciences 
awarded him the La Lande prize for his dis- 
covery of the new star near Sirius with the 
great reflecting telescope made by him. A.M. 
of Amh. and N. J. Colleges. 

Clark, Davis Wasgatt, D.D., Methodist 
clergvman. b. on the Island of Mt. Desert. Me., 
Feb. 25, 1812 ; d. Cincin , 23 Mav, 1871. Wesl. 
U. 1836. He presided over Amenia Sem., N.Y., 
7 years. For 9 years, he filled important sta- 
tions, 4 of them in N Y. City. In 18.52, he 
was elected editor of books and of the Ladies' 
Ee/iosilori/, at the Western Book Concern, Cin- 
cinnati, 0. He presided over 42 annual con- 
ferences. Elected prcs. of Lawrence U. 1852, 
and in 1853of Ind. .\sl)ury U. Elected bishop 
in 1864. In 1849, he received from his alma 
mater the degree of D.D. He pub. an algebra 
in 1843; was a frequent contributor to the 
Methodist Quartrrli/ Review; pub. a " Treatise 
on Mental Discipline," 1848; "Fireside Read- 
ings," 5 vols. ; " Life and Times of Bishop 
Hcdding," 1854; "Man Immortal," 1864; 
" Sermons," 1868. 27 vols, have been edited 



CLA. 



189 



cm,^ 



by him, and pub. b_v the Book Concern. He 
has also l)een activelv engaged as a preacher. — 
Ahimni Rfc. Wesl. (J. 

Clark, . O.vJfiKL. lawyer and senator, b. 
Stratbini, X.H., Oft. 29,'lS09. Dartm. Coll. 
1834. He began practice at Epping in Sept. 
18.3", and in Manchester in 1839; member 
N.H. Icgisl. 1842-3, '46, and 18.i4-5; U.S. 
senator, 1857-66, and pres. pro ttm. 1864-.i ; 
jud-e U.S. District Court since 1866. 

Clarke, Kev. Dorcs, n.I).,b. Westhamp. 
Ms., Jan i, 1797. Wms. Coll, 1817. Some 
time pastor 4th Cong. Ch., Springfield, Ms. 
Author of " Lectures to Youn^ Peoplcin ilan- 
ufacturing Villages ; " " Fugitives from the Es- 
critoire of a Retired Editor," 1864. "Ortho- 
dox Con'.'regationalism and ihp Sects." 1871. 
Editor A'. E. Puritan and the Christian Times 
in Boston, and of the Christian Parlor Man. 
in X.Y. 

Clarke, Gev. Ei.ij.\h. b. N.C. ; d. Wilkes 
Co., Ga., Dec. 15, 1799. He removed to Ga. 
in 1774 ; became a capt. in 1776, and disting. 
himself in engagements both with Indians and 
British on the frontiers of Ga. App. a col. of 
militia, and subsequently a bri;r.-gen., he de- 
feated the British at ilusgrove's Mill and Blat-k- 
stocks, and contril). greatly to the capture of 
Augusta in June, 17&1. At the battle of Long 
Cane, he was severely wounded, and, on his 
recovery, joined the com. of Gen. Pickens. 
He afterward fought many battles, and made 
several treaties, with the Creek Indians. He 
was accused, in 1794, of a design to establish an 
independent govt, in the Creek nation, where 
he had settled in violation of law. 

Clarke, Geobge, gov. of N.Y. from March, 
1736 to 1743 ; d. Chester, Eng., 176.3. Of an 
ancient family in Somersetshire, he was bred to 
the law, and assumed the administration as 
senior counsellor on the death of Gov. Cosby. 
His administration, like that of his predecessor, 
was agitated by contention with the assembly. 

Clark, George H., poet, b. Northamp- 
ton, Ms, 18(19. Inn-merchant at Hartford, 
Ct., and. besides contributing poems to news- 
papers and raa^'azines, has pub. " Now and 
Then," and " The News," poems of ab. 1 ,000 
lines, and " Under Tow of a Trade Wind 
Suif," a coll. of sentimental and humorous 
pieces. — Datjrhinck. 

Clarke, George Rogers, gen., b. Albe- 
marle Co., Va., Nov. 19, 1752 ; d. near Louis- 
ville, Ky., Feb. 13, 1818. Originally a land- 
surveyor, he com. a company in Dunmore's 
army in 1774. In 1775, he went to Ky., and 
took com. of the armed settlers. In the spring 
of 1773, Maj Clarke w.is intrusted by Gov. 
Henry of Va. with the com. of an exped. 
against the British fort at Kaskaskia, which he 
surprised and captured. He succee led, also, in 
reducing other posts in this region, including 
that at Vincennes, which were organized into 
a county, under the jurisdiction of Va., and 
named Illinois. Promoted to col. by the Va. 
authorities, he applied himself successfully to 
the pacification of the Indi.tn tribes. While 
thus engaged, he learned that Gov. Hamilton 
of Detroit had captured Vincennes, and that 
further blows were to be struck against Amcr. 
posts. Anticipating the enemy, Col. Clarke 



commenced his march against Vincennes, 
Fib. 7, 1779.with 175 men, traversing a wilder- 
ness and the drowned lands of Illinois, siifFering 
every privation from wet, cold, and hunger. 
The place was besieged on the morning of the 
19th, and was snrrendercd the next d.iy. He 
intercepted a convoy of goods worth 510,000, 
and built Fort .Jefferson on the west bank of tlie 
Mpi. In retaliation for the inroads of the 
British and Indians into Ky., in June, 17S0, he 
led a force against the Shawnees on the Great 
Miami, defeating them, with heavy loss, at 
Pickawa. DuringArnold's invasion. Clarke took 
a temporary com. under Baron Steuben. He 
afterwards succeeded in raising a considerable 
force for an exped. against Detroit, and was 
made a brigadier ; but the progress of Cornwal- 
lis, and the poverty of the country, restricted 
the frontiersmen to the defensive. In Sept. 
1782, Gen. Clarke, at the head of more than 
1 ,000 mounted riflemen, assembled at the mouth 
of the Licking, invaded the Indian towns on 
the Scioto, burned five of their villages, and 
laid waste their plantations, producing a salu- 
tary etfoct, and so awing the savages, that no 
formidable Indian w.ar-party ever after invaded 
Ky. In 1786, Clarke com. an exped. of 1,000 
men against the Indians on the Wabash. It 
was a failure. His great services to his coun- 
try were passed over, and he d. in poverty and 
obscurity. " A Sketch of his Campaign in 
III. in 1778-9," by H. Pirtle, was pub. 8vo, 
Cini'innati, 1869. 

Clark, Gex. Is.hc, d. Castleton, Vt., Jan. 
31, 1822, a. 73. Member of the Const. Conv., 
and many years chief-jndge of the Vt. Co. 
Court, a soldier of the Revol., and col. Uth 
U.S. Inf., Mar. 12, I8I2. Com. a successful 
exped. against M.assequoi, L. Canada, Oct. 12, 
1813. 

Clark, J. Hexbt, M.D., physician and 
author, b. Livingston, N.J., June 23. 1814 ; d. 
Montclair, N.J., March 6, 1869. U. of N.Y. 
1841. He studied medicine in N.Y. and Eu- 
rope, and settled in practice at Newark, ab. 
1846, gaining a high reputation. He wassome 
years pres. of the Essex Co. Med. Society. 
Author of " Sight and Hearing," 1856 ; " Med. 
Topoffr.aphy of Newark and its Vicinitv," 1861. 

Clark, CoL. J.iMES, b. July 1730;" d. Leb- 
anon, Ct., Dec. 29, 1826. Descended from 
Daniel, an early settler of Windsor, Ct. A 
capt. in Putnam's regt., and disting. at Bun- 
ker's Hill ; made lieut.-col of Huntington's regt.. 
Nov. 4, 1775. and was disting. at Harlem 
Heights and White Plains. 

Clark, J.XMES, gov. Kv., 1836-9, b. near 
the Peaks of Otter, Bedford Co., Va., 1 779 ; d. 
Frankfort, Ky., Aug. 27, 1839. His father 
having moved to Clark Co., Ky., James prac- 
tised law in Winchester in 1797; was several 
times a member of the State legisl., was judge 
of the Court of Appeals, 1810-12; M.C. 181.3- 
16 and 182.5-31 ; ju Ige of the Circuit Court, 
1817-24, and member of the State senate, and 
sjieakcr, in 1832. — Collins's Hist. Ky. 

Clarke, James, journalist and politician, 
b. Westmoreland Co., Pa. ; d. near Burlington, 
Iowa, July 28, 1850, a. 38. He went to St. 
Louis in 1838, then to Beloit, Wis., where he 
was territorial printer, and in 1837 to Bnrling- 



ClLcA. 



190 



CXlA. 



ton, Iowa, where he conducted the Territorial, 
now State Gazette, until the winter of 1839-40, 
whea hi was app. sec. of the Terr. ; resumed 
the conduct of that paper from 1843 to 1845 ; 
was gov. of the Terr, in 1846, and again edited 
the Carelte, from the Hill of 1848, till liis death. 

Clarke, James Freemax, D.D. (H.U. 
18G3). cleru'vman, b. Hanover, N.H., Aoril 4, 
1810. H. U. 1829; Canib. Div. School," 1833. 
I'astor of the Unitarian Church at Louisville, 
Ky., from 1833 to 1840, of the Church of the 
Disciples, Boston, from 1841 to 1850, and from 
1853 to the present time. He edited the Western 
Messenqer at Lonisville, 1836-9 ; translated De 
Wette's" Theodore," 2 vols., 1840; puh. "Life 
and Military Services of Gen. VVm.Hull," 1848; 
" Eleven Weeks in Europe," 1851 ; " Christian 
Doctrine of Forgiveness," 1852; " Service- 
Bookand Hjmn-Book for the Church of the Dis- 
ciples," 1844,1856; "Memoirs of the Mar- 
chioness D'Ossoli," 1852 ; " Christian Doctrine 
of Pra\'er," 1854 and 1855 ; " Ten Great Re- 
ligions," 1870; also occasional sermons, 
poems, articles in reviews, &c. In 1864, he 
delivered a tercentenary discourse on Shak- 
speare in Boston. Dr. Clarke has ever 
been devoted to pr.actical reforms, to the im- 
provement of the forms of worship and fellow- 
ship, and was long engaged in the antislavery 
movement. The worship -of the Church of 
tlie Disciples combines the features of re- 
sponses on the part of the congregation, as in 
the English Church, the extempore prayer of 
the Congregationalists, and the silent prayer 
of the Friends. His treatises on prayer and 
forgiveness have attracted much attention. 

Clarke, John, a founder of R.I., b. Bed- 
fonlsh. Eng., Oct. 8, 1609; d. Newport, April 
20, 1676. He was a physician in Lond., came 
to Ms. soon after its settlement, but espousing 
the cause of Anne Hutchinson, and publicly 
claiming, with Roger Williams, full license for 
religious belief, was oliliged to flee from the 
Colony. Welcomed by Roger Williams, the 
fugitives formed themselves into an organiza- 
tion, March 7, 1637-8, and obtained froin the 
Indians Aquidneck, which they named the Isle 
of Rhodes, or Rhode Island. The settlement 
began at Pocasset, in 1638; and Mr. Clarke, 
who commenced preaching, founded at New- 
port in 1644, and became pastor of, the second 
Baptist Church in Amer. In 1649, he was 
treas. of the Colony. Visiting his friends in 
Lynn, while preaching there, July 24, 1651, he 
was arrested, was taken before the court, and 
was condemned, for what were adjudged false 
teachings, to pay a fine of £20, or be publicly 
whipped. He proposed a discussion, but was 
obliged to pay his fine, and was ordered to leave 
the Colony. He was sent to Eng., with Roger 
Williams, in 1651, as an agentof the Colony of 
R.I., and there pub., in 1632, "111 News from 
NewEngland; or,a Narrative of New England's 
Persecution." Remaining 12 years in Eng., 
he succeeded in obtaining a revocation of 
Coddington's commission as gov., and finally 
procured a second charter for the Colony, which 
secured to every person complete freedom in 
matters of religious concernment. Returning 
in 1663, he resumed his pastorate at Newport, 
retaining it till his death, and was for 3 suc- 



cessive years dep. gov. of the Colony. In his 
will, he left his farm for charitable purposes, 
the income of it only to be expended; and it 
has since produced annually about S200. — 
Dui/rl-inrlc. 

dlarke, Johx, D.D. (U. of Edinb.), Cong, 
minister, b. Portsmouth, N.H., April 13, 1755 ; 
d. April 2, 1798. H.U. 1774 Ho became a 
teacher, and was ord. pastor of the First Church, 
as colleague with Dr. Ch.aunccy, July 8, 1778. 
He pub. a tract, entitled "An Answer to the 
Question, Why are you a Christian?" 1797, 
and " A letter "to a Student at Coll. ,"-1796. A 
vol. of his sermons wms pub. in 1799, and 
" Discourses to Young Persons " in 1804. 

Clarke, John, gov. of Del., 1816-17 ; d. 
Smvrna. Del., Aug. 1821. 

Clarke, Gen. John, gov. of Ga., 1819-2.3, 
b. 1766 ; d. West Fla., Oct. 15, 1832. At 16, 
he was app. lieut.. then capt., of militia. He 
fought under his father. Gen. Elijah Clarke, in 
the Revol. army ; at the siege of Augusta ; and, 
at the battle of Jack's Creek in 1787, greatly 
disting. himself, and attained the rank of maj.- 
gen. of the State militia. At a critical period 
in the War of 1812, ho was app. by the gov. to 
the com. of the forces destined to defend the sea- 
coast of Ga. 

Clarke, John A., D.D., Pr.-Ep. clergy- 
man and author, b. Pittsfickl, Ms., May 6, 
ISOl ; d. Nov. 27. 1843. Rector of St. An- 
drew's Church, Phila. Un. Coll. 1823. He 
early became a popular preacher and writer. 
He pub. " Gathered Fragments," " Awake, 
Thon Sleeper," " The Pastor's Testimony," 
" The Young Disciple," " Gleanings by the 
Way," and " A Walk alioutZion." " Glimpses 
of the Old World " was pub., with a memoir of 
the author, by the Rev. S. II. Tyng, in 2 vols., 
8vo, Lond., l"847. 

Clark, John B., lawyer, b. Madison Co., 
Ky., April 17, 1802. Removing to Mo., he 
was clerk of Howard Co. Court, 1824-34 ; com. 
a mounted regt. in Black Hawk war; maj.- 
gen. of militia, 1848; member of legisl. 1850- 
51 ; as gen. of militia, expelled the Mormons 
from Mo. ; M.C. from 1857, until expelled in 
July, 1861. 

Clark, Rev. Jonas, minister of Lexing- 
ton, and Revol. patriot, b. Newton, Ms., Dec. 
25, 1730; d. Lexington, Nov. 15, 1805. H.U. 
1752. Ord. successor of Mr. Hancock at Lex- 
ington, Nov. 5, 1755, he proved an ablo and 
faithful minister. He was disting. as a patriot, 
and saw his people shot down at their doors on 
the 19th of April, 1775. During the war, him- 
self ami parishioners religiously observed the 
anniversary of this event. He pnb. sermons, 
and " Narrative of the Lexington Battle," 
1776. — .4//™. 

Clark, Lab.^n, DD. (Wesl. U. IS33), 
Methodist clergvman, h, Haverhill, N.H.,.Tuly 
19, 1778; d. ^iiddletown, Ct., Nov. 28, 1868. 
He received .an academical education at Brad- 
ford, Vt. ; began to preach in 1800 ; joined the 
N.Y. Conference in 1801, and for 50 years was 
a successful and able preacher in N.Y., N. E., 
and Canada. He was one of the founders of 
the Methodist Ep. Miss. Society in 1819, and 
also of the Wesleyan U. at Middletovn, Ct., 
where he fi.xed his residence in 1851. 



CXL.A. 



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Clark, Lonis Gatlord, editor, b. Otisco, 
N.V. 1810. He find his twin-brother Willis 
Here chiefly educated bv their father, a Revol. 
soldier, and a man of reading and observation. 
In 1834, Louis became editor of the Kiiicker- 
borkcr Marnt:!ne. His contribs., called " The 
Editor's Table," and " Gossip with Readers 
and Correspondents," disphiy humor, pathos, 
culture, and geniality. In 18.52, " Knick- 
Knacks from an Editor's Table," selected 
from the magazine, appeared in an 8vo vol. He 
liatl previously pub. a selection of pa|iers by Ir- 
ving and others, called " The Knickerbocker 
Sketche.-." In 185.5, the leading Amcr. con- 
tribs. to his magazine [jub. " The Knickerbocker 
Gallery." illustrated with their ))ortraits, and 
consisting wholly of their original contribs. 
The de>ign was to purchase a cottage residence 
fur Mr. Clark at Piermont on the Hudson, 
where he hiis lived many _vears. 

Clarke, McDoxald,' poet, b. N. London, 
Ct., June IS, 1798; d. N.V., Mar. 5, 1842. 
He went to NY. City in 1819 ; m. an actress, 
and was for many years one of the features of 
Jiroadway ; was always celebrating in verses 
the belles of the town and the topicsof the day, 
and was familiarly known as the " mad poet." 
His oddities were all amiable ; he had no vices ; 
always preserved agcntility of deportment, and 
was a regular attendant at the fashional)le 
Grace Church. His poems were liumorons, 
sentimental, and indignant, and have a vein 
of tenderness pervading all their grotesqueness 
and irregularity. They contain many touches 
of delicate human sensibility. They are now 
rare, though several times pub.; some of their 
titles being, " A Review of the Eve of Eter- 
nity, and other Poems," 1820; "The Elixir 
of Moonshine," bv the Mad Poet, 1822; " The 
Gossip," 1825 ; '"Poetic Sketches," 182.5; 
" The Belles of Broadway ; " " Death in Dis- 
guise," a temperance poem, 18.33 ; "Poems," 
1836. His last eflfusion, "A Cross and a 
Coronet." was pub. 1841 Appletoii's Ci/clop. 

Clarke* Newman S, brev. brig'.-gen. 
U.S.A. ; d. San Francisco, Oct. 16, 1860. App. 
from Vt. ensign 11th Inf., Mar. 12, 1812; adj. 
1813; brig.-maj. to Gen. Ripley, 1814; brev. 
capt. " for gallantry in the battle of Niagara," 
July 25, 1814; capt. Oct. 1814; brev." maj. 
July 25, 1824; maj. 2d Inf., Julv 21, 1834; 
lieut.-col. 8th Inf., July 7, 18-38; col. 6th Inf., 
June 29, 1846 ; com. brig, in Jtexico in 1847 ; 
brev. brig -gen. " for siege of Vera Cruz," Mar. 
29, 1847^— Gardner. 

Clark, Rupos Wheelwright, D.D. (U. 
of N.Y. 18G2), Presb. minister, b. Newburv- 
port, Ms., 1813. Y.C. 1838. Rector of the 
North Church, Portsmouth, until Dec. 1851 ; 
of the Maverick Church, E. Boston, from Dec. 
1851 to 185G ; now of the D. R. Church, Al- 
bany. Has pub. " Heaven and its Scriptural 
Emblems ; " " iMemoir of Rev. John E. Em- 
erson," 1851 ; " Lectures to Young Men," 
" Review of Prof. Stuart on Slavery," 18.50 ; 
"Romanism in America," 1859; "Life- 
Scenes of the Messiah ; " also pam])hlets. ser- 
mons, &c., and contribs. to various journals. 

Clarke, Smiui-i, (l 599-1682), pastor in 
Saint I! -nnit Fink, Loud., pub. " A True and 
Faithful Account of the Four Chiefest Plan- 



tations of the English in America," Lond., 
folio, 1670; also a number of theol. works. ; 
" New Description of the World," 1689, fol. 

Clark, Samuel A., Epis. minister, b. New- 
burjport, Ms. Has pub. " Memoir of Rev. 
Albert W. Day," prefaced to Day's Sermons, 
8vo, 1846; "History of St. John's Church, 
Elizabethtown, N.J." ( 1703-1 857), Phila., 1857, 
12mo. 

Clark, Sheldon, benef.ietor of Yale Coll., 
b. Oxford, Ct., Jan. 31, 1785 ; d. there Apr. 
• 10, 1840. He studied under the direction of 
Pres. Dwi^'ht, and became a former. IIo 
founded, in 1823, a prof, of moral philos. and 
metaphysics at Y.C. ; afterwards established 
a scholarship fund; bought for the coll. a 
superior telescope, and bequeathed to it the 
resiiluc of his property, $15,000. 

Clark, Thomas, author of a" Naval Hist, 
of the U.S.," 2 vols., 1813-14, and " Sketches 
of the Naval Hist, of the U.S.," 1813; app. 
from Pa. licut. of art., Apr. 1813 ; assist, topog. 
engr., rank of capt., 1 Apr. 1813 ; disbanded, 
June, 1815. — Gardner. 

Clark, Thomas March, D D. (Trin.Coll. 
1851), LL.D. (Cantab. 1867), bishop of R L, 
b. Newburyport, Ms , Julv, 1812. Y.C. 1831. 
Ord. 1836; conscc. Providence, Dec. 16, 1854. 
Has pub. "Lectures on the Formation of 
Character," 1852; "Puritv, a Source of 
Strength," " The Efficient S.S. Teacher," "An 
Efficient .Ministry," " Early Discipline," 1855. 

Clarke, Gen. William, e.xplorer, and gov. 
of L,a. Terr. 1813-20, b. Va.,Aug. 1, 1770; d. 
St. Louis, Sept. 1, 1838. In 1784, he removed 
to where Louisville now stand.s, where his bro. 
George Rogers had built a fort. Ho served in 
cami)aigns against the Indians, was adj. and 
quartermaster in 1793, resigned in 1796. App. 
lieut. of art. in 1803, and joined with Meri- 
wether Lewis in the north-western expl. e.xped. 
which left St. Louis in Mar. 1804, returned in 
the fall of 1806, and kept the journal of the 
exped., afterwards pub. He was then made In- 
dian agent, and afterward brig.-gen. of Upper 
La. App. supt. of Indian atfitirs in May, 
1822, he made treaties with many tribes. 
Four of his bros. were disting. in the Revol. 
One fell in the struggle, another was killed by 
the Indians on the Wabash. Well .acquainted 
with Indian character and habits, he was ever 
considerate in his treatment of them. 

Clark, Willis Gatlokd, niiscell. writer, 
bro. of Louis, b. Otisco, N.Y., 1810; d. Phila., 
June 12, 1841. He gave early indications of 
literary talent ; established a weekly journal at 
Phila.'in 18-30, which was soon abandoned ; be- 
came co-editor with Dr. Brantley of the Colum- 
hiaii Star, a religious and literary weekly ; and 
was subsequentiv, until his d., editor and pro- 
prietor of the Phila. Gazette. In Sept. 1 833, 
he recited his longest poem, " The Spirit of 
Life " before the Franklin Soc. of B.U. In 
1844, a vol of his literary remains, including 
" Ollapodiana," poems, and magazine articles, 
was pub. A complete ed. of his poems was pub. 
in 1847, under the supervision of his bro. Ho 
was a frequent contnb. to the annuals and 
magazines, particularly the N. Y. Knickerbocler, 
in which appeared the original, racy, and fan- 
ciful papers, entitled "Ollapodiana." 



192 



CLA. 



Clarkson, Col. Matdew, a disting. Re- 
Tol. officer ; d N. Y. City, April 22, 1825, a. 66. 
His great-grandfather, Matlicw, 1.3 years sec. 
of the province, d. in the autumn of 1708, the 
year of the great sickness. lie was aide-de- 
camp to Gen. Gales in the battle of Stillwater, 
and, while carrying an order in front of the 
lines, was severely wounded in the neck. He 
had previously been aide to Arnold, and was 
wounded at Fort Edward, in July, 1777. In 
his later years, he was vice-pres. 'of the Am. 
Bihle Society. 

Clary, Albert G., capt. U.S.N., b. Ms., 
May 8, 181.1. Midshipm. .May 8, 18.32; lieut. 
Apr. 11, 184.5 ; com. July 16, l'862; capt. Nov. 
21,1866. Attached to 'the sloop "Preble," 
present at Tuipan and Tabasco, during the 
Mexican war; coing. steamer "Anacostia," 
Potomac flotilla in engagement at Acquia 
Creek, May 31 and June 1, 18G1 ; battle of 
Port Koval, Nov. 7, 1861 ; com. steamer "Mt. 
Vernon.'' N..\.B. squad., 1862; steamer "Ti- 
oga," W.I. squad., 1863; steamsloop " Daco- 
tah," N.A.B. ?^q»ad., 1864; steamsloop " Semi- 
nole," W. Gulf squad.. 1864-.1. — Hamersli/. 

Clason, ISA vc Starr, author and actor, 
b. New York, 1789 ; d. Lond., 1834. The son 
of a wealthy merchant. He possessed brilliant 
natural parts. He received a good education, 
and inherited a fortune, whi^h he soon dissipat- 
ed; and he sup|)0ited himself as a writer, teacher 
of elocution, and actor. He appeared at the 
Bowery and Park Theatres in leading parts, but 
with moderate success. In 182.5, he pub. 2 
cantos of " Don Juan," supplementary to the 
work of Lord Byron, which, probably, approach 
nearer to the brilliant original th;in any other 
of its numerous imitations. In 1826, he pub. 
poems, entitled " Horace in New York." He 
is also the author of some feeling lines to the 
memory of Thomas Addis Einmett. Having 
gone to London as a theatrical afiventurer, and 
being reduced to poverty, he sealed up, in com- 
pany with his mistress, the room in which 
they lodged, lighted a fire of charcoal, and died 
by its fumes. 

Claviere (kla'-veair'), Etibn'XB, states- 
man and financier, b. Geneva, 17.3.5 ; d Dec. 8, 
1793. He w.as forced from political reasons to 
emigrate to France. Displaying great zeal in 
the revol. in France, he was app. minister of 
finance in Mar. 1792, but, on the fall of the Gi- 
rondists, was imprisoned, and committed sui- 
cide. He acconip. Bri.ssot in his tour in the 
U.S. in 1783, and pub., in conjunction with 
him, " Of la Fiance ft dus £!lals l/nis," transl. 
and pub. in Lond , 1788. 

Clavigero (kla-ve-lm'-ro), Fravcisco Sa- 
vi;rio, a .M -xi'-an historian, b. Vera Cruz, 
Mexico, ab. 1720 ; d. Cescna, Italy, Oct. 1793. 
Educated as an ecclesiastic, and resided nearly 
40 years in the provinces of New Spain, where 
he acquired the languages of the .Mexicans and 
other indigenous nations, collected many of 
their traditions, ami studied their historical 
paintings and other monuments of antiquity. 
After the suppression of the onler of .Jesuits, 
of which lie was a member (1707), he retired to 
Cesena. The fruit of his researches was a" His- 
tory of Mexico," written in Italian, an Eng- 
lish translation of wliicli was pub. in 2 vols., 



4to, 1 787. This work affords ronch information 
relative to the natural and civil historj-, anti- 
quities, and religion of Mexico. 

Claxton, Ale.xander commodore U.S.N., 
b. Md., ab. 1790; d. March 7, 1841, at Tal- 
cahuana. Chili, while in com. of the squad- 
ron in the Pacific Ocean. Entering the navy 
in June, 1806, he was promoted to a lieut. .Ian. 
8, 1813, and served in the sloop-of-war 
" Wasp," in her action with " The Frolic," Oct. 
18, 1812. Master com. Mar'h 28, 1820; capt. 
Feb. 22, 1831. His son. Col. F. S. Claxtos, 
invented the mitrailleur, or ctnister-battery, 
recently introduced in France. His brother 
Thomas, •midshipm. U.S.N., Dec 17, 1810, 
raortallv wounded at the battle of Lake Erie, 
Sept. 10, 1813; d. early in Oct. 

Clay, CASSiu.s Ma'hcellcs, poliiician, son 
of Gen. Green Cl.ny, b. Madison Co., Kv., Oct. 
19,1810. Y.C. 18.32. He practised Law ; was 
a memlier of the Ky. legisl. in 1 8.35, '37, and '40, 
andofthenat. Whig conv. of 1840 at Hnrris- 
burg. The improved jury system, and the 
common school system, of Ky., are principally 
due to his efforts while in the le^risl. He de- 
nounced the scheme for the annexation of 
Texas; stumped the Northern States in favor 
of Henry Clay, Whig candidate for the Pres. 
in 1844, and June 3, 1845, issued, in Lexing- 
ton, Ky., the first number of the-Tnin AiMri- 
can, a weekly antislavery jjaper. In Aug., his 
press was seized by a mob ; and it was afterward 
printed in Cincinnati, and pub. in Lexin^'ton, 
whither he had removed in 1840, and afterward 
in Louisville. Capt. in the Mex. war, and 
made prisoner at Encaniacion, 23 Jiin. 1847. 
He aided in nominating Taylor to the presi- 
dency in 1848 ; called a convention of emanci 
pationists at Frankfort in 1849 ; separated from 
the VVhig party in 18.')0, and, as an antislavery 
candidate for gov., received nearly 5,000 votes. 
App. maj.-gen. U.S. vols., 11 Apr. 1862; re- 
signed. Mar. 11, 1863; minister to Russia, 
1 862-9. A vol. of his sfteechcs, edited by Horace 
Greeley, was pub. in 8vo, 1848. 

Clay, CLiiMENT Co.viBn, jurist and states- 
man, b. Halifax Co, Va., Dec. 17. 1789; d. 
Huntsville, Ala., Sept. 9, 1866. U. of East 
Tenn. His father, Wm. Clay, a Revol. soldier, 
after the war settled in Granger Co , Tenn., 
where he d. Aug. 4, 1841 . He was .adm. to the 
bar in 1809, and in 1811 removed to Hunts- 
ville, Ala. During the Creek war (181.3). lie 
s.iw some service lis a soldier. In 1817,-hewas 
elected to the territorial council of Ala.; in 
1819, he was chosen one of tlie judges of the 
Circ;iit Court ; in 1820 was chosen chief-justice, 
and resigned in 1823. In 1828, he was eleitcd 
to the State legisl., and was made speaker ; 
M.C. 1829-35; conspicuous as an advocate 
and defeniler of the leading measures of .lack, 
son's adini:iistration ; gov. of Ala. in 1836 and 
1837, and U.S. senator from 1837 to 1842, and 
a supporter of Van Buren's administration. 
His son, C. C, jiin., was U.S. .senatorfrom Ala. 

Clay,CLEMEyT Comer, jun., son of the pre- 
ceding, also US. senator from Ala., b. Madi- 
son Co., 1819. He grad. from the law dept. 
of the U. of Va. in 1839; was adm. to the 
bar in 1840; was elected to the legisl. in 1842 
and 1844 ; judge of the county court, 1846-8; 



193 



took his sent m the U.S. senate in Dec. 1S34, fcated, he was long the most popular man in 

and was re-elected for 6 years, from Mareh4. the U.S. He was in the senate for the last 

lbD9. In Dec. lio, he pronounced a bnel but time in 1 849-52, and took a leadin.' part in the 

eloquent oration on the occasion of the death compromise measures of 1850 Mr Clav re 

01 _^enator Butler of S.C. _ In the sprin- of ceived from Madison the successive olfcrs of the 

ISiS, he (oln-eied a speech in fovor of the ad- mission to Russia, and a place in the cabinet 

mission of Kansas under the Lecompton con- and, from Monroe, a cabinet office and the mis- 

" "" 1« '"SO spoke in favor of a bill re- sion to Eng., all of which he declined In Con- 




Canada. 
Clay, Edward W., caricaturist, b. Phila 



tr}'. He advocated 
a^ thoroui,'!] Amer. ])olicy, to the exclusion of 
European influence on 'this continent. Some 



, ■' "■->*■ ^'V.,L»'^c. 31 18o/. Hewasa of his most eloquent speeches were said to have 

r lative of Henry Clay; had a liberal educa- been made to Kv. juries in criminal cases be- 

tion; served as a midshipman under Perry, fore he had passed his 23th year. Hefou^ta 

then turned his attention to the law, and, duel with Humphrey Marshall in ISO'S "and 

thoush very young was at once app. prothon- subsequentiv with John Randolph, who had 

otary of 1 hila. His artistic tastes, however, attacked the administration of J. Q Adams 

led him to Europe, and he studied the old mas- He was interested in the Colonization Society' 

ters for .3 rears. On his return to Phila., he and was for a time its pies. His Life and Le't^ 

sketched ■ The Rats Leaving the Falling ters were puh., and also his Speeches, bv Calvin 

House, on the dissolution of Jackson's cahi- Colton, IS46-57. His widow, Lucretia Hart d 

net. This brought him into notice, and, for Louisville, Apr. 6, IS64, a. Ss! Thom'is H-IRT 

more than 20 years, he was a noted caricatur- Clay, his son, min. to Xicaragua during 

'f • £="'"''e of eyesight caused him to accept Lincoln's administ., and afterwards to Hon- 

the offices of clerk of the Chancery Court, and duras, d. Lexinn-ton, Ky. i\Iar 18 1871 a 

of the Orphan's Court, Del., which he held for 68. o > j , ■ , , . 

'"nfo'jT"' K 1. u .. ,. ^^^y- °'=^'*^' l!«"t-™l-. b. Kv., April 10, 

Clay, Greem, gen., b. Powhatan Co., Va., 1811 ; killed, Feb. 23. 1847 at the battle of 

Aug. 14, 17o7;d. Oct. 31, 1826. He emi- Buena Vista. Transvlv. U. 182S ; We-^t Point 

grated to Ky. before he was 20; became a dep. 1831. Son of Hon. H. Clav. He applied him- 

surveyor; afterwards a surveyor on his own self to the study of the common and civil law- 




of the convention which formed the Ky. consti- Clay, James B., M.C. lS57-9"son of Hen- 

tutioninW99. He served for a long time in rv, h. Washintrton. D. C. Nov 9 1SI7 ■ d 

both branches of the State legisl., and was Montreal, Jan. i26, 1864. fransyl'v U At'la' 

speaker of the senate. App. brig.-gen. March he went to Boston, spent two vears in a count- 

29, 1813, h; led 3,00J Ky. vols, to the relief of ing-house ; then settled upon'a fiirm near St 

iort Meigs, and forced the enemy to withdraw. Louis ; at 21, removed to Kv. • was en'>-a'>ed two 

tren. Harrison left him in com. of Fort Meigs, years in manutactiires. He then studied at the 

w 11 -h ho. skilfully defended from the attack of Lexington Law School, and practised as the 

a large force of British and Indians under Gen. partner of his fither until 1849 when he was 

1 roetor and Tecuraseh. app. ckirg^ d-a[)aires to Lisbon. ' A cban.'e in 

Clay, Henry, orator and statesm.an, b. the administration soon brought him liome 

Hanover Co., V'a., Apr. 12, 1 777; d. Washing- He resided again at Mo. from 1851 to ISis' 

ton, U.C., June 29, 1852. His father, a Baptist when he became the proprietor of Ashland' 

minister, d, when Henry was 5 years old. He He was al.>o a member of the peace conven- 

was taught tlio rudiments of education in a tlonoflS61; but, fraternizin"- with the Kebd- 



log-cabiii schoolhouse ; Jabored on a farm, and, 
at 15, entered the offi e of the clerk of the 
Chancery Court ; adm. to the bar in Nov. 1797, 
lie opened an office in Lexington, Ky. ; soon 
acquired extensive [jractice, and gained re])ute 



lion, he died in involuntary exile, and, it is 
saiil, through his own excesses. 

Clay, Col Jo.seph ; d. Savannah, Ga., 
Jan. 1805. He was a member of the Kevol. 
committee of 1774-5; member of the Cont. 



in criminal cases. He was elected to tiie legisl. Cong. 1778-80, and judge of the Dist Court 

in 1803 and m 1807-8, and wm speaker in of Ga. 1796-1801. Pavm.-gen. of the Southern 

1808; U.b. senator, 1806-7 and 1809-10; dept. in the Revol. — iSa. Wis/. Co.'&. 

M.C. and speaker, 1811-14; a commissioner Clay, Rev. Joseph, lawver and clercvinan 

to Ghent, to treat tor peace, in 1814 and 1815 ; son of the precedin.', b. Sa'vannah Ga" \a^' 

again M.C. 1815-21 and 1823-5, and 5 times 16, 1764 ; d. Boston, Jan. 11 ISIl ' N J Coil 

re-elected speaker; sec. of State, 1825-9, and 1784. He studied law, rose tothehiniest em- 

agam senator, 1831-42. He was an uusuceess- inence in his profession; was a leadinc^ mem- 

tul candidate for Pres. in opposition to Jack- ber of the State Const. Conv. and was U S 

son in 1832, and again in 1844, when defeated dist. judge of Ga., 1796-1801. In ISO-' ha 

by Polk, the Democ. nominee. Though de- entered the Baptist ministry. Or<L Sav 



CTiA. 



194 



CLE 



1804 ; installed colleague with Br. Stillman, 
Huston, Aug. 19, 18U7 ; ilisin. Nov. 1808; vis- 
ited Siiviinn;ih, but retunicd to Boston, 1810. 

Clayborne, \Villi.\m, an early Va. colo- 
nist, received in 1627, from the gov. of Va., au- 
tliority to discover the head of Chesapeake Bay, 
or any part of Va. from lat. 34° to 41° N. In 
1631, King Charles granted him a license to 
make discoveries, and trade. He established a 
trading-post on Kent Island, in Chesapeake 
Bay, near Annapolis. Ejected by Lord Balti- 
more, he took refuge in the more settled part 
of Va. ; and his estate on Kent Island was 
seized by the Md. authorities as forfeited. He 
went to Eng. with witnesses, presented a pe- 
tition to Charles I., setting forth his griev- 
ances ; and, in 1638, the king severely repri- 
manded Lord Baltimore for having, in viola- 
tion of his royal commands, ousted Clayborne 
from his rightful possessions on Kent Island, 
and slain several persons inhabiting there. Nev- 
ertheless, in 1639, the commissioners of plan- 
tations decided in favor of Lord Baltimore. In 
1645, taking advantage of the civil war in Eng., 
at the heail of a body of armed insurgents, he 
expelled Leonard Calvert, dep.-gov., and seized 
upon the govt. In 1646, Calvert was re-instat- 
ed ; but Clayborne escaped with impunity. In 
1651, he was app. a coiumissiouer to reduce 
Va. to obedience to the Commonwealth of 
Eng. Bennet and Clayborne, in " The Gui- 
nea," frigate, reduced Sid. also to obedience ; the 
former was made gov., and Clayborne, see. of 
State. After the restoration, he was superseded 
in the office of see. He was a menilier of the 
court-m.irtial that tried the prisoners in Ba- 
con's rebellion. He lived in New Kent Co., 
and d. at an advanced age. His descendants, 
now numerous, spell the name Claibome. 

Clayton, Augustin Smitu, jurist, b. 
Frederickshurg, Va., Nov. 27, 178.-) ; d. Athens, 
Ga., June 21, 1839. U. of Ga. 1804, and sub- 
sequently a tutor there. He pr.ictised law with 
eminent success; served in the State legisl., 
which, in 1810, app. him to compile the statutes 
of Ga. from 1800 ; was judge of the Superior 
Court of the western circuit, from 1819 to 1825, 
and from 1828 to 1831, when he was superseded 
for maintaiuiug,in opix)sitlon to the policy of the 
State, the right of the Cherokee Indians to dig 
gold on their lauds ; M. C. 1831-5, and a prom- 
inent opponent of the tariffand the U. S. Bank. 
He was a proticieut in the classics, and in high 
esteem as an able writer. He acquired some 
distinction as a politician, and is said to have 
written the political pamphlet called " Crock- 
ett's Life of V'^an Buren. He pub. "Laws of 
Georgia, 1800-10," Augusta, 4to, 1812. 

Clayton, John*, botanist, b. Fulhara, Eng., 
1686; d. Va., Dec. 15, 1773. Ab. 1706, he 
emigrated to Va., where his father was atty.- 
gen., and resided near Williamsburg. Edu- 
cated a physician, he w.is an indefatigable bot- 
anist ; passed a long life in exploring and de- 
scribing the plants of his country, and is sup- 
posed to have enlarged the botanical catalogue 
as much as any man who ever lived. 15 years 
clerk of Gloucester Co. J. Clayton's letter to 
the Roy. Soc, May 12, 1688, giving an ac- 
cuunt of several observables in Va., is in Force's 
'i'raets, Vol. lU- His essays on the imtu- 



ral history of Va. were pub. in the " Phil, 
Transactions " ot the Roy. Soc. of Lond. Ho 
aUo sent dried specimens of the flora of Va. to 
Gronovius, who, with Linnsus, pub. an ac- 
count of a portion of them at Leyden, 2 parts, 
in 1739-43. After the death of Gronovius, the 
remainder were de.-^cribcd in a 3d part by his 
son, in 1 762, who gave Clayton's name to a 
genus of plants. 

Clayton, JohnMiddleton, LL.D. (Y.C. 
1846), statesman and jurist, b. Sussex Co., 
Del., July 24, 1796; d. Dover, Del., Nov. 9, 
1856. Y. C. 1815. Ho was bred to the bar, 
having studied at the Litchfield Law School ; 
commenced practice in 1818, and soon attained 
eminence in his profession. He was in lt_'4 
elected to the State legisl., and subsequently 
sec. of State; from 1829 to 1837 was U. S. 
senator; chiel-justice from 1837 to 1839 ; again 
U. S. senator from 1845 to 1849, when he be- 
came U. S. sec. of State imder Pres. Taylor, 
which position he occupied until the death of 
Taylor in July, 1850. He was a thinl time 
U. S. senator, from Mar. 1851, until his death, 
and vindicated with marked ability the princi- 
ples of the Clayton-Bulwer treaty, which he 
negotiated in 1850.. He was an active and in- 
fluential member of the convention to revise 
the State constitution in 1831. In the U. S. 
senate, he delivered a speech during the famous 
debate on Foote's resolution, which secured for 
him a place among the leading members of 
the body. He also made an impressive argu- 
ment in favor of paying the claims for French 
spoliations. One of his most remarkable 
speeches was on Pres. Pierce's veto of the ail; 
ceding public lands for an insane a.sylum. 

Clayton, Joshua, physiiian and states- 
man, d. Del., Aug. 1798. He practised medi- 
cine many years. During the scarcity of . 
Peruvian bark in the Revol. war, he success- 
fully sulistituted for it in his practice a mixture 
of pojjlar and the root of the dogwood in nearly 
eqiuil parts, and half the quantity of the interior 
bark of the white-oak. He was pres. of Del. 
from 1789 to 1793; gov. 179.3-6, and U.S. 
senator, 1798. 

Clayton, Powell, gov. Ark. 1806-71 ; 
U.S. senator for the term 1871-7. Before the 
war, he was a lawyer in Leavenworth, Kan. 
Early in 1861, made col. 1st Kan. cav. ; brig.- 
gen. 1864; May 6, 1863, he com. an cxpcd. 
from Helena, Ark., to the White Ri%'erto break 
up a guerilla band, and destroy Conled. stores, 
which was successful. He also com. a success- 
ful exped. from Pine Bluff, Ark., in March, 
1864, inflicting seveic loss on the enemy. 

Clayton, Tuom.\s, senator and jurist of 
D..I., b. 1778; d. Newcastle, Del., Aug. 21, 
1854. M. C. 1813 to 1817; US. senator, 
from 1823 to 1826, and from 1837 to 1847 ; ilr. 
Clayton also served at different times in the 
State legisl. as well as in the olEccs of chief- 
justice of C. C. P. and of the Superior Court. 
He was ojiposed to the Jlexican war. 

Cleaveland, Col. Bexj., Revol. soldier; 
d. Wilkes Co., Ga. Before the war, he moved 
from Culpepper Co., Va., to Wilkes Co., N.C. 
App., in 1775, ensign 2d N.C. regt. ; fought 
at Guilford, also in many actions against the 
Tories, and was one of the leaders and iieroea 



CLE 



195 



CLE 



of Kinir's Mountain. He was afterward sur- 
veyor of Wilkes Co. An impciliment in his 
speech prevented his attaining political dis- 
tinction. His son John was c.ipt. of dragoons 
at the buttle of Camden. 

Cleaveland, Elisha Lokd, D.D., Cong. 

cler-vman, b. Topstield, Ms., 25 Apr. 1806; 
d. N.' Haven, Ct., 16 Feb. 1866. Bowd. Coll. 
1S29; And. Sem. lS.i2. Ord. 24 Jnly, 1833, 
over the Third Coni;. Church, N. Hawn. He 
pnb. some occas. sermons. Grandson of Rev. 
Jnhn of Ipswich, son of Dr. Nehemiah of 
Tnpsfield, 1760-26 Feb. 1837., 

Cleaveland, John, minister of Ipswich, 
Ms., from 1747 to his d., Apr. 22, 1799, b. 
Canterbury, Ct., Apr. 22, 1722. Y.C. 1745. 
Descended from Moses of Wobnrn, Ms. He 
first ministered toa Separatist society in School 
Street, Boston, but declined settlement there. 
Chaplain in Col. Basley's regt at Ticonderoga 
in 1758, and at Louislmrg in 1759, and was in 
the army at Cambridge in 1775, and in Ct. and 
N.Y. in 1 776 in the same capacity. He had a 
controversy with Dr. Mayhew, which brought 
out several ponderous pamphlets. He was an 
energetic and successful preacher. He pub. a 
" Narrative of the Work of God at Chebacco in 
1763-4," an essay in defence of the atonement, 
anil a treatise on infant b;ipti-^m, 1784. 

Cleaveland, Parkku, M.D., LL.D., 

mineralogist, h. Rowley, Ms., Jan. 15, 1780; 
d. Brunswick, Me., Oct. 15, 1858. H.U. 1799. 
Son of Rev. John and Mary, dau. of Parker 
Dodge. He taught school at Haverhill and 
York, Me. ; was tutor of math, at H.U. in 
18113-5 ; prof, of math, and nat. phil. in Bowd. 
Coll., Me, 1805-28, and prof of chem, mineral- 
ogy, and nat. pbilos. there from IS28 to 1855. 
In the science of mineralogy, he had no equ.al 
in America ; and his proficiency procured him 
the honors of Amer. and foreign literary and 
scientific institutions. The mineralogical col- 
lections of the coll. were made very eompletiJ 
by his zealous and laborions explorations of 
the snrrouniling country. He aided the mcd. 
school at Bowd. Coll. in 1820, and was con- 
nected with it as a lecturer on chemistry, dean, 
and librarian. Ho pub. "Elements of Mine- 
ralogy and Geology," 1816, an enlarged 
edition in 1822, and a still larger one in 1856, 
pronounced the most useful work on the subject 
in the English language. Hem. Martha Bush 
of Cambridge, Ms. 

Cleaveland, Capt. Stephen of the Revol. 
navy, b. E. Haddam, Ct., 1740; d. Salem, 
1801. He went to sea at 14 ; was taken by a 
British press-gang in Boston in 1756, and 
kept in service till 1763. Soon after the Decl. 
of Indep., he was commissioned by Congress 
capt. in the navy, and brought from Bordeaux 
valuable munitions of war. His son, Richard 
Jaffhey of Salem, has pub. his " Voyages 
and Commercial Enterprises," 2 vols. From 
1829 to 1834. he was U.S. vice-consul at 
Havana. — AHeii. 

Cleburne, P.itrick R., gen. C. S. A., b. 
near Queensiown, Ireland, Mar. 17, 1828; 
killed at the battle of Franklin, Tenn., Nov. 
30, 1 S64. At the age of 22, after 3 years' ser- 
vice as a private in the British army, he came 
to the U.S., settled at Helena, Ark., and stud- 



ied law. He was in successful practice when 
the war broke out ; enlisted as a private, but 
was soon promoted to col. In Mar. 1 862, he was 
made a brig.-gen.. and at Sliiloh com. the 2d 
brigade of the 3d corps, being speciallv com- 
mended for valor and ability. He was wounded 
at the battle of Perryville. Maj.-gen. Dec. 
1862, com. a division of the right wingaf Mnr- 
freesboro' and Chickamauga ; disting. himself 
in com. of the rear-guard at Mission. Ridge, 
and received the thanks of the rebel congress 
for his defvnceof Ringgold Gap. At Jonesboro', 
he covered the retreat of Hood's defeated armv, 
and at Franklin he com. a corps when killed. 
He was very popular with both officers and 
men ; was skilful and daring in action, and 
])Ossessed a commanding presence, being over 
6 feet in height. 

Clemens, Jeremiah, lawyer and politi- 
cian, b. Hi'.ntsvlllo. Ala., Dee. 28, 1SI4; d. 
ther- May 21. 1865. U of Ala. 18,33. He 
studied law at Transvl. U., Ky., and was adm. 
to the bar in 1834 In 1838, "he was app. U.S. 
atty. for the northern dist. of Ala. ; was elected 
to the State Icgisl. in 1839-41, and '43, '44 ; in 
1842, he raised a company of vols., and went 
to Texas. Having volunteered for the Mexi- 
can war. he was app. maj. 13th Inf., Mar. 3, 
1847; lieut.-col. 9th Inf., July 16, 1847; col. 
Apr. 1848. In 1848, he was app. gov. of the 
civil and military dept. of purchases in Mexico, 
and was U.S. senator from 1849 to 1853. 
In 1855, though previously a Democrat, he 
publicly advocated the principles of the Amer. 
party. Member of the Ala. convention which 
voted the State out of the Union, but protested 
against its action. He afterwards held office 
under the Confederacy, but, in 1864, advocated 
the re-election of Lincoln. He was eminent 
at the bar and in debate. He pub. "Bernard 
Lile," 1856; "Mustang Gray," 1857, — a 
story of the times of Aaron Burr and Alex. 
Hamilton; and "Tobias Wilson," 1865. — 
Lantiian. 

Clemens, Samuel Langhoknk, " Mark 
Twain," humorist, b. Florida, Monroe Co., 
Mo., 30 Nov. 1835. Entered journalism in 
Virginia, Nevada, in 1862; continued in it 3 
vears there, 3 years in San Francisco, and one 
in Buffalo. Author of " The Jumping Frog, 
and other Sketches," 12mo, 1867; "The In- 
nocents Abroad," 8vo, 1869, of which 100,000 
copies have been sold in two years. Contrib. 
of humorous sketches to " The Galaxy," 
1870-1. 

Clerc, Laurent, a deaf-mute, one of the 
founders and teachers of the Asylum for the 
Deaf and Dumb at Hartford, Ct.,"b. La Balme, 
near Lyons, France, Dec. 26, 1785; d. Hart- 
ford, July 18, 1869. His father was m.ayor of 
the commune 34 years. When ab. a year old, 
Laurent fell into the fire, was badly burned, 
and lo.st the sense of smell and hearing. 
Taken to Paris at the age of 12, to the Abbe 
Sicard, under whose skilful instructions he 
made rapid proficiency; in 1805 was app. 
tutor, and, in 1806, a teacher. While on a 
visit to Eng. in 1815, he made the acquaint- 
ance of Dr. Gallaudet, who persuaded him to 
come to this country to lay the foundation of 
deaf-mute instruction. They arrived in N.Y., 



CLE: 



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Au<r. 1816, opened the asylum at Hartford, 
April 15, 1817; and much of its success is 
doubtless due to his patient and earnest laliors. 
He retired on a pension in 1858. His eldest 
son is an Episcopal clergyman of high repute 
at Si. Louis. 

Cleveland, Aaron, poet and clergyman, 
1). Haddam, Ct., Feb. 3, 1744; d. Sept. 21, 
181.'). Aaron, his father, a missionary of the 
Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, 
dying when the son was bnt 1.3 years of age, 
the latter had little education. He was lor 
many years a hatter in Norwich and in Ttuil- 
furd, Ct., and was an active member of the 
legisl. At the age of 19, he produced a de- 
scriptive poem of some merit, " The Philoso- 
pher and Boy," " Family Blood," a burlesque 
poem; soon after, became a Cong, minister; 
pull, a poem on slavery in blank verse in 1775, 
and also wrote some satirical poems against 
the Jeffersonians. He preached in Royalton, 
Vt., and in N. Haven, but was never settled. 
His Memoir, by his grandson Arthur Cleveland 
Coxe, with extracts from his poems, is in " The 
Poets of Ct." Rev. Charles Cleveland, 
missionary among the poor of Boston, is a 
son. 

Cleveland, Charles Dexter, LL.D. 
(U. of N.Y. 1866), author and scholar, b. 
Salem, Ms., Dec. 3, 1802; d. Phila., Aui;. 18, 
1SG9. Dartm. Coll. 1827. Son of Rev. 
Charles of Bo.ston. Originally in a counting- 
house ; prof, of Latin and Greek, Dick. Coll., 
lS.30-2 ; of Latin language and literature, U. 
of N.Y., in 1832-4, and, from Oct. 1834 till his 
health failed, taught a young ladies' schonl in 
Phila. ;U.S.consulatCardiff,'Wales, in 1861-7. 
He is best known by his Compendiums of Eng- 
lish, American, and classical literature, but has 
written a large number of school text-hooks. 
Also " Address of the Liberty Party of Pa. 
to the People of the State," 1844; "Hymns 
for Schools," 1850; and, in 1853, an ed. of 
Milton's poetical works, with a complete in- 
dex; "Lyra Sacra Americana," 1868; "The 
Moral Characters of Theophrastus," 1827 ; 
" Epitome of Grecian Antiquities," 1828, en- 
larged in 1831. — Alumiii of D.C. 

Cleveland, Cuauxcey F.,LL.D.. lawyer 
and .-tatesman, b. Hampton, Ct., 1799. He 
received a common school education, studied 
law, was adm. to the bar in 1819 ; was in the 
legisl. in 1826-9, '32, '5, '6, '8, '47, '8, and 
twice elected speaker; State attv. in 1832; 
gov. of Ct. in 1842 and 1843, and M.C. from 
1849 to 1853; member of peace congress, 
Mar. 1861. — Lanmaii. 

Cleveland, Henrt Russell, writer of 
BoMon; .1. St. Louis, Mo., June 12, 1843, a. 34. 
H.U. 1827. Son of Richard Jaffrcy.^ He 
edited an a])proved edition of " Sallust," con- 
trib. to Sparks's " Amer. Biog." a " Life of 
Henry Hudson," also many pieces, of much 
excellence, both of style and thought, to our pe- 
riodical literature, and pub. a little vol. on 
classical studies in 1834. He also pub. "Ad- 
dress before the Harvard Musical Assoc," 1840, 
8vo, " Letter to Daniel Webster on the Causes 
of the Destruction of the Steamer Lexing- 
ton." 1840 ; contrib. to the A^. A. Rev. and the 
iV. E. Mag. A selection of his writings, with 



a Memoir bv G. S. Hillard, was printed in 
Boston, 1844. 

Clevenger, Shobal L. Vail, sculptor, b, 
Middletown, 0., 1812; d. at sea, Sept. 28, 
1843. In his youth, lie was a stone-cutter in 
Cincinnati, .and attracted attention by the fig- 
ure of an angel, which he caned on a t"mb. 
Removing to Boston, he executed busts of Web- 
ster, Everett, Allston, Clay, Van Biiren, and 
others. .He afterwards executed similar works 
in Italy. 

Clifibrd, John D. ; d. Lexington, Ky., 
May 8, 1820, a. 42. He formed a valuable 
cabinet of natural history, and pub. essays on 
the antiquities of the western country in the 
Weslern Reoii'-w, 1819-20. 

Clifford, John Hbnrt, LL.D., gov. of 
Ms., 1853-4, b. Providence, R.I., 16 Jan. 1809., 
Brown U. 1827. LL.D. 1849. Lawyer in N. 
Bedford; memb. Ms. lesjisl. 1835 ; attv. -gen. of 
Ms., 1 849-53 and 1854-8. Pres. Ms. senate, 1862. 

Clifford, Nathan, jurist, b. Rurtinev, 
Grafton Co., N.II., Aug. 18, 1803. He stud- 
ied at the Haverhill Acad, and at the Hamp- 
ton Literary Inst ; studied law, and, after being 
adm. to the bar, removed to Me. in 1827. 
From 1830 to 1834, be was a member, and two 
years speaker, of the State legisl. ; was atty.- 
gen. of Me. from 1834 to 1838 ; M.C. from 1839 
to 1843 ; U.S. atty.-gcn. from 1846 to Mar. 1847, 
when he was app. commissioner to Mexico, 
and was subsequently minister to that Repub- 
lic. On his return to the U.S., he settled as a 
lawyer in Portland, and in 1858 was app. by 
Pres. Buchanan an assoc.-ju slice of the U.S. 
Supreme Court Author of U.S. Circuit Court 
Reports, 2 vols., 8vo., 1869. — Lanman. 

Clifton, VVilliam, ])oet, b. Phila., 1772 ; d. 
Dec. 1799. He was the son of a wealthy 
Quaker mechanic, and early displayed a taste 
for literature ; but his father brought him up 
strictly in the manners and principles of his 
sfect. At the age of 19, the rupture of a blood- 
vessel incap.acitated him for active business, 
and enabled hira to devote himself to the lite- 
rary pursuits so much to his taste. Clifton was 
member of an association called the Anchor 
Club, combining social objects with that of 
"producing a disposition in the public mind 
towards war ^vilh France." He first contrib., 
in prose and verse, to the newspapers and other 
fugitive publications, exercising his pen in 
satires in support of Jay's treaty and the 
administration of Washington, the longest Of 
which was entitled " The Group : " another of 
.similar tenor, "A Rhapsody on the Times," 
was in Hudibrastic measure. He commenced 
a poem, entitled " The Chimeriad," which ho 
left imfinishcd, in which he personifies with 
much spirit and boldness the genius of false 
philosophy then prevalent in France, in the 
character of the witch Chimera. Probably the 
best of his productions is the epistle to Gifford, 
pub. anonymously in the first Amer. edition 
of Giffbrd's poems. One of his best papers 
was a pretended French MS. in prose, and 
verse, describing a descent of Talleyrand intc 
hell. He became also accomplished in music, 
drawing, and field-sports, and relinquished the 
Quaker dress. A collection of his poems was 
pub. in New York in 1800. 



CXJ 



197 



CLJ 



Clinch, DuN'CAS L., brig.-gen. U. S. A., 
b X.C. ; il. Macon, Ga.. Nov. 27, 1849, a. 51. 
App. a first licut. .3(1 Inf., July 1, 18U8, capt. 
1810, lieut.-col. in Aug. 1813, col. 1«19, and in 
1829 was brev. a brig.-gen. When tlie Semi- 
nole war broke out in Florida, in 1835, Gen. 
Clinch was in com. of that dist. ; and in its 
earlier events he acted a conspicuous part. In 
the battle of Onitiilecooche, Dec. 31, 1835, he 
displayed the most intrepid courage. He re- 
signed his commission in Sept. 1836, and from 
1843 to 1845 was M C. from Ga. His dan. m. 
Gen. Robert Anderson. 

Clingraan, Tno.MAS L., lawyer and poli- 
tician, b. HuntsviUe, Surrey Co., N.C. U. of 
N.C. 1832. He studied law, but was elected to 
the H. of commons just as he was ab. to com- 
mence practice. On his retirement from the 
legisl. in 1836, he removed to Ashville in Bun- 
combe Co., where he still resides. He was 
soon after elected to the State senate, was M.C. 
from 1843 to 1858, with the exception of one 
term, and, in Nov. 1858, was app. a U.S. sena- 
tor. He has made contribs to the sciences of 
geology and mineralogy, and brought to light 
many facts connected with the mountains of 
N.C, one of the highest peaks of wliich now 
bears his name. While a memlwr of Congress, 
he shared in almost all important debates, and 
acipiitted himself with ability as chairman of 
the committee on foreign relations. Originally 
a Whig, he afterwards united himself with the 
Democ. party. Expelled from the senate in 
July, 1861, he took part in the Rebellion as a 
col. — Lanman. 

Clinton, Col. Charles, soldier and judge, 
b. Longford Co., Ireland, 1690; d. Ulster, now 
Orange Co., N.Y., Nov. 19, 1773. His graiul- 
faiher. Win., an officer in the army of Charles 
I., settled in Ireland. In May, 1729, with a 
inimber of relatives and friends, he chartered a 
ship 10 convey his party to Phihi.; but the cap- 
tain, having formed the design of starving them 
to death, either with a view to acquire their 
]iro|jerty, or deter emigration, landed them 
at Cape Cod, after receiving a large sum of 
money as a commutation for their lives. Many 
ol the passengers died, among them a son and 
dan. of Mr. Clinton. In the spring of 1731, 
he removed to the county of Ulster, N.Y., 
w here he formed a flourishing settlement, ab. 60 
miles from the city of N.Y., and 8 miles from 
the Uud.~on River. Jlr. Clinton pursued the 
occupation of a farmer and surveyor. He was 
soon app. a justice of the peace, county judge, 
nud lieut.-col. of the militia of Ulster Co. 
March 24, 1758, he was app. a lieut.-col. in 
DeLancey's regt., in which he served under 
Col. Bra'dstrect at the siege and capture of 
Fort Frontenac. Of four sons, Alexander 
(N.J. Coll. 1750) was a physician, Charles 
was a surgeon in the army which took Ha- 
v.iua (d. Apr. 1791 ), James was maj.-gen., and 
George vice-pros, of the U.S. — A'oyeis. 

Clinton, DeWitt, statesman, b. Little 
Britain, Orange Co., N.Y., 2 Mar. 1769; d. 
Albany, 11 Feb. 1828- Col. Coll. 1786 Son 
ot Gei'i. James and JIary DeWitt. Adm. to 
thi- bar in 17S8, but practised very little. Pri- 
vate fCC. to his uncle. Gov. George Clinton, 
1790-5, and a leading champion, through the 



press, of his administration, and a Repub. in 
politics. Jlember of the legisl. in 1797, and in 
179S-I802 of the State senate, and a leader of 
the Democ. party ; U.S. senator, 1802-3, and 
made a powerful speech on the navigation of 
the Mpi., and opposed a war with Spain ; 
mayor of N.Y. City, 1803-7, 1809-10, and 
1811-14, and, by his wise and efficient adminis- 
tration, contrib. much to the prosperity of the 
city. The Historical Society and the Acad, of 
Fine Arts were established under his auspices. 
Offered the embassy to Eng. by Mr. Adams, 
he declined ; was a member of the State son- 
ate in 1805-11, and lieut.-gov. in 1811-13 
Clinton was the political rival of Aaron Burr, 
and, after his disgrace, of Daniel D. Tompkins, 
who excelled him in gaining popular favor. 
Opposed to the War of 1812, he was the peace 
candidate"for the presidency in 1812, receiving 
89 electoral votes, but was defeated by James 
Madison. He was the first pres. of tiie Lite- 
rary and Philos. Soc, founded ab. 1814; ini- 
tiated the construction of the Erie Canal in 
1815, and was, in 1816, canal commissioner, and 
pres. of the board, which post he also held in 
1823-4; gov. of NY. in 1817-22 and in 1824- 
7. The opening of the Erie Canal was cele- 
brated with great pomp in Oct. 1825, when 
Clinton was conveyed in a barge on a trium- 
phal progress from Lake Erie to N.Y. City. 
He was pre-eminent for comprehensive views, 
and his liberal patronage of learning and of 
schools. In 1811, he" delivered an elaborate 
discourse on the Iroquois, before the N.Y. Hist. 
Soc., and, in 1814, an introductory discourse 
before the Lit. and Philos. Soc, in whose Trans- 
actions appeared in 1822 his "Letters on the 
Natural Historvahd Internal Resources of tlie 
State of N.Y."'— See Reiwick's Life of Clinton, 
1840 ; IF. ir. Campbell's Life of Clinton, 1849 ; 
D. llosnck's'Life of Clinton', 1829. 

Clinton, Admiral George, gov. of N.Y. 
Sept. 1743-Oct. 1753; d. gov. of Newfound- 
land, 10 July, 1761. Youngest son of Francis, 
si.xth Earl of Lincoln. App. commodore and 
gov. of Newfoundland, 1732. Subsequently 
app. gov. of N.Y,, his want of skill in civil af- 
fairs peculiarly exposed him to the tumults and 
commotions of colonial govt. In his contro- 
versies with the assembly, Colden, afterwards 
lieut.-gov., was his champion with the pen ; his 
chief opponent being Horsemander. Clinton 
afterwards became gov. of Greenwich hospital ; 
in 1745 became vice-adm. of the Red, and adm. 
of the fleet in 1757. 

Clinton, George, soldier and statesman, 
son of Col. Charles, b Ulster, N.Y., Julv 26, 
1739; d. Washington, April 20, 1812. After 
returning (rom a cruise in a privateer, he ac- 
comp. his bro. James in the exped. against 
Fort Frontenac, as a lieut. He subsequently 
studied law under Wm. Smith ; settled in his 
native county, where Gov. George Clinton gave 
him a clerksliip ; practised law with rc|)nte, and, 
as a member cf the assembly, opposed the ar- 
bitrary measures of the British ministers. He 
took his place in Congress, May 15, 1775. and 
voted for independence ; but the invasion of 
N.Y., calling him to her defence, prevented his 
signing the instrument. In 1776, he was a 
dep. to the N.Y. Prov. Congress, which framed 



198 



cu: 



the first State constitution. Active in Jefend- 
ing; the State as a gen. of militia, he was app. 
brij,'.-j;en. by Congress, March '25, 177". He 
defended the posts at the hi;;hland3, and proved 
his heroism by the Ijravo defence of forts Mont- 
gomery and Clinton, when attacked liy Sir II. 
Clinton, Oct. 6, 1777. Chosen tir^t^'ov. of 
the State, April aO, 1777, he was re-elected 
until 1795, c.\hibitinj;jjreat energy, and ren- 
dering important services throughout the war, 
both in his civil and military capacity. Iti 
June, I7SS, he |)resided over the convention to 
ratify the Federal Constitution, the adoption of 
which he opposed, not deeming it sufficiently 
decided in favor of State sovereignty. When, 
in 1792, Washington was re-ele<.:ted pres., Clin- 
ton received 50 electoral votes for the vice- 
presidency. Chosen to the legisl. in 1800, he 
was again gov. in 1801-4, and vice-pres. of the 
U.S. in 1804-12. His casting-vote negatived 
tlie renewal of tlie U. S. Bank charter in 
1811. 

Clinton, Sir Henrt, an Engli>h gen., and 
com. -in-chief of tlie Britisli forces in Arner., b. 
17.38; d. Dec. 23, 1795. Grandson of Francis, 
sixth Earl of Lincoln, and son of George, gov. 
of N.Y. After receiving a liberal education, he 
entered the army ; served for some time in Han- 
over, and on the Continent during the 7-years' 
war, and in 1775 obtained the rank of m.ijor- 
gen., and disting. himself during the early part 
of the Amer. war. He participated in the bat- 
tle of Bunker's Hill, leading the re-enforcement, 
and after having assisted at the unsuccessful 
attack on Charleston, S.C., entered N. York, 
after the defeat of the Americans on Long Is- 
land, and took the command. He attacked 
and carried Forts Clinton and Montgomery in 
Oct. 1777, and May 11, 1777, was made Knight 
(5f the Bath. In' Jan. 1778, he succeeded 
Howe in the chief com., and'arrived ou the 8th 
of May at Phila., whence, on the approach of 
Washington, about the middle of June, in 
obedience to previous orders from Eng., he 
commenced his retreat to N.Y. At Monmouth 
Court Hou.<e, he engaged and compelled the 
Amer. to retreat with considerable loss. In 
1779, he became col. of the 7th or "King's Own " 
regt., and in the course of the year undertook 
an e.Kped. against N.J., where his troops be- 
haved witli gi eat barbarity. He also, in con- 
junction with Gen. Prevost, who com. in East 
Florida, concerted and carried into effect an 
invasion of Ga., and captured Savannah, invest- 
ing Cliarleston, S.C, in Jan. 1780. It sur- 
rendered on the 11th of the following May. 
He shortly afterwards, through the medium of 
Andre, endeavored, unsuccessfully, to obtain 
possession of West Point, esteemed the Gibral- 
tar of America. After having made an inef- 
fectual attempt to succor Cornwallis, who was 
compelled to capitulate, he commenced prep- 
arations, in 1782, to attack the French settle- 
ments in the Antilles, but was superseded in his 
com. before he could carry the project into ef- 
fect. On his return to Kng., June 12, 1782, a 
pamphlet war took place between him and 
Cornwallis, as to the surrender of the latter, 
the entire blame of which each party attributed 
•to the other. He subsequently obtained the 
governorship of Limerick, and, in 1793, that of 



Gibraltar, in possession of which he died. H« 
was for some time a member of parl't. Clin- 
ton is justly chargeable with the barbarities ex- 
ercised by his troops in N.J., as admitted even 
by the British historian Stedman, himself an 
officer in the army in America. In 1783, he 
pub. " A Narrative of his Conduct in Amer.," 
8vo ; " Observations on Earl Cornwabis's An- 
swer to the Narrative," 8vo, 1783 ; " Letter to 
the Commissioners," 8vo, 1784. 

Clinton, James, brig.-gen. Revol. army, 
b. Oran-e Co., N.Y., Aug. 9, 1736 ; d. Dec. 22, 
1812. He was third son of Col. Charles, who 
provided him with an excellent education ; but 
his ruling inclination was for a military life. 
App. by Gov. Sir Charles Hardy an ensign in 
the 2d regt. of Ulster Co. militia, he became 
its lieut.-col. before the commencement of the 
Revol. During the war of 1756, between the 
English and French, he particularly disting. 
himself at the capture of Fort Frontenae, where 
he was a capt. under Bradsireet, rendering 
essential service by capturing a sloop-of-war on 
Lake Ontario, which impeded the operations 
of the army. The confidence reposed in bis 
character may be estimated by his app. as capt.- 
commandant of four regts. levied for the pro- 
tection of the western frontiers of Ulster and 
Orange Counties, — a position of great respon- 
sibility and danger. After the French war, he 
ni. Mary DeWitt. At the commencement of 
the Revol., he was app. (June 30, 1775) col. 
of the 3d N.Y. rciit., and in the same year ac- 
comp. iMontgomery to Quebec. App. a brig.- 
gen. Aug. 9, 1776, he com. Fort Clinton when 
it was attacked, in Oct. 1777, by Sir Henry 
Clinton. After a gallant defence by about 600 
militia against 3,000 British troops. Fort Clin- 
ton, as well as Fort Montgomery, of whicli his 
bro. George, the gov., was coin.-in-chief, was 
carried by storm. Gen. Clinton was the last 
man to leave the works, escaping with a severe 
wound. In 1779, he joined with 1,600 men the 
exped. of Gen. Sullivan against the Imlians, 
by way of the Mohawk. After an en;:a^eiuent, 
in which the Imlians were defeated with f;reat 
loss at Newtown, now Elmira, all resistance 
upon their part ceased ; their settlements were 
destroyed ; and they fled to the British fortress 
of Niagara. Gen. Clinton, during a great 
part of the war, was stationed at Albany. He 
was present at the siege of Yorklown. He 
was a commissioner to ailjust the boundary- 
line between N.Y. and Pa. ; member of the 
legisl. and of the convention which adopted 
the present Constitution of the U..S., and a 
senator. 

ClitZ, Hesbt B., brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., 
b. N.Y. Son of Capt. John, 2d U.S. Inf 
West Point, 1845. Entering the 7th Inf., he 
served with distinction in most of the battles 
of the Me.\. war ; brev. 1st licut. for Cerro Gor- 
do, IS Apr. 1847 ; capt. 3d Inf., C Dec. 185S; 
served in defe*nee of Ft. Pickens, Fla., Apr.- 
June, 1861; maj. 12th Inf, 14 May, 1861; 
wounded at siege of Yorktown, V^a. ; wounded, 
and made prisoner, at thcbattleof Qaincs'sMill, 
Va., 27 June, 1862, and brev. lieut.-col. ; com. 
cadets, and instr. tactics, 23 Oct. 1862, to 4 
July, 1864; lieut.-col. 6th Inf., 4 Nov. 1863; 
brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. for gallant and dist. 



cu 



199 



COB 



services in the fiel.l, 13 Mar. 1865, Col. 10th. 
Inf. 22 Feb. 1869.— Culkm. 

Glitz, John M. B., capt, U. S. N, 1). N.Y., 
Dec. 1, 1820. Midahipniiin, Aug. 12, 1837; 
lieiu. Apr. 6, 1851 ; com. July 16', 1862; capt. 
July 2.'), 1866. Attiichcil to bomb brig '■ Hecia " 
at capture of Vera Cruz and Tiispan, 1847; 
com. steamer " Penol)scot," N.A. liloik. sciuad., 
1S63 ; stCiim-sloop" Juniata," Easi Gulf «piad., 
1863 ; steamer " Osceola," N\ A. block sipiad., 
1864-5, in both attacks on Fort Fisher; com. 
•■ Pawnee," S. A. squad., 1868-9. — iiTtiWH-.s///. 

Clowes, Rev. Tiiiothy,LL.I). ; d. Hemp- 
stead, L.l , June 16, 1847, a 60. Col. Coll. 
1808. In 1821, he was priireipal of Erasmus 
Hall. In 1823, he was cho.>en pres. of Wash- 
ington Coll., Md., and rctur of the church in 
Cliestertown and St. Haul's, Kent Co. From 
1828 to the fall of 1832. he presided over the 
Clinton Liberal Institute, Oneida Co. He 
excelled as a mathematician. 

Cluseret (klu'-zeU-rii'), GusTAVE Paul, 
lirig.-gen. vols., b. Paris, France, June 13, 1823. 
lie rcceiveti a good education. Entering the 
military school of St. Cyr in 1841, in 1843 he 
became sub.-lieut. in a regt. com. by his fatlier. 
For4 years, lie taught fortification, topography, 
t.actics, and strategy. During the rcvol. of 
June, he com. a column in theHne St. Jacques 
under Gen. Dumcsne, and was wouiuled. In 
July, lie was made a chevalier of the Legion 
of Honor. He was retired from active service 
in Jan. 1849, and soon after put on half-pay 
by Pres. Louis Napoleon on aceonnt of his re- 
publican opinions. He then opened a ])ainter's 
studio, bnt, after 2 years, returned to the service 
as lieiit. of chasseurs a pied in Algeria. Here 
he partici|)ated in several expeds., and was en- 
gaged in preparing \.\\e." Dictionnaire Hislorique 
el (icor/raii/iii/iiede t'Ali/6ie." In 1854, he was 
ordered to the Crimea, where he was twice 
wounded, and was promoted to capt. at the 
Manulon Vert. He returned to Francein 1856; 
joined the cxped. against the Kabyles in 1857 ; 
on the outbreak in Italy, joined the staff of 
Garibaldi, with the rank of major iu the Italian 
army ; and was soon afterward placed in com. 
of the French legion. Wounded at the siege of 
Capna, he received, two davs after, the brev. 
of col. (Nov. 1, 1860). He' arrived at Wash- 
ington in Jan. 1862 ; was app. aide-de-camp to 
Gin. McClellan, with rank of col., and was 
soon after assigned to Gen. Fremont, who placed 
him in com. of his advanced guard. lie was 
in the battles of Strasburg, Harrisonburg, and 
Cross Keyes, and, for his gallantry in the latter 
b.ittle, was made hrig.-gen. of vols. Oct. 14. 
Resigned, Mar. 2, 1863. A lender of the Paris 
Comnmnists in the spring of 1871, and minis. 
of war. 

Clymer, George, signer of the Dcclara- 
tii>n of Independence, b. Phila., 1739 ; d. Mor- 
ri^ville, Bucks Co., Pa., Jan. 23, 1813. His 
father emigrated from Bristol, Eng., to Phila., 
and left him an orphan at the age of 7. His 
maternal uncle, Wm. Coleman, educated him, 
took him intohiscounting-room,andeventually 
left him the hulk of his fortune. At the tea- 
meeting in Phila., Oct. 15, 1773, he was app. 
chairman of the committee to request the tea- 
agents to resign. He was also a member of 



the council of safety. July 20, 1775, he was 
app. joint treasurer of the State with Michael 
Hillegas, and converted all his specie into 
Continental currency, besides subscribing lib- 
erally to the loan. July 20, 1776, he was 
delegated to Congress. Sept. 1776, lie was 
sent with Stockton to confer with Washington 
on the affairs of the army ; and when, in Dec., 
Congress retired to Baltimore, Clymer was one 
of the commissioners left in Phila. to guard 
the ]iublic interests. Again elected to Congress 
in 1777. His house was plundered by the Briti>h 
alter the battle of Brandywine. Dec. 7, 1778, 
lie was a commissioner to treat with the Indians 
at Fort Pitt; in 1780 was a third time elected 
to C'onirress; in Nov. 1780 was deputed, with 
John Nixon, to organize the Bank of North 
America, and in 1782 was assoc. with Rutledge 
in his mission to the Southern States. Re- 
moving to Princeton at tlie close of the war, 
he was in 1784 elected to the Pa. legisl., where 
he aided in modifying the criminal code. He 
was a member of the convention that framed 
the Federal Constitution, and in Nov. 1788 was 
elected to the first US. Congress. In 1791, he 
was app. collector of the duty on spirits, which, 
in Pa., led to the whiskey riots. Resigning this 
office, he was, with Messrs. Pickens and Haw- 
kins, app. to negotiate a treaty with the Creeks 
and Cherokecs, consummated June 29; 1796, 
when he withdrew from public affairs. Besides 
other institutions indebted to him were the Pa. 
Agricultural Society, of which he was vice- 
pres., the Acad, of" Fine Arts, and the Pa. 
Bank, of both which ho was pres. 

Cobb, David, Revol. soldier and legislator, 
b. Attleborongh, Ms., 14 Sept. 1748 ; d."l7 Apr. 
1830. _ H. U. 1766. Many years a practising 
physician ; see. of the Bristol Co. convention 
of 1774, and member of the Prov. Congress in 
1775. Lieut.-col. of H Jackson's regt. in 
1777-8, serving in N. J. and R. I., and several 
years a member of Washington's milit. family. 
Afterwards maj.-gen. of militia; judge of C. C. 
P. ; M. C. 1793-5 ; member of tlie Ms. senate 
and house, and some time pres. and speaker; 
member of the exec, council, and lieut.-gov. 
1809. While a resident of Me. (1796-1820), 
he was chief-justice of C. C. P., niaj.-gen. 10th 
milit. div., and, during the War of 1812, was on 
the board of milit. defence. 

Cobb, Howell, lawver, and clergyman 
of the M. E. Church, b. Savannah, Ga., 1795. 
After serving an apprenticeship to a printer, he 
engaged in teaching in Perry, Houston Co., till, 
in 1827, lie was adm. to the bar. In 1830, he 
was a State senator; soon after established the 
Cherokee Gazette. In 1845, he pub. a work on 
legal forms, and soon after compiled the jjenal 
code of the State. He has written much for 
the press, and is the author of a curious work 
on the Africiin race. 

Cobb, Howell, statesman, b. Cherry Hill, 
Jetllrson Co., Ga., Sept. 7, 1815 ; d. N. Y. City, 
Oct. 9, 1868. Franklin Coll., Athens, 1834. 
Adm. to the bar in 1836; solicitor-gen. of the 
western circuit of Ga. in 1837-41, and built 
up an extensive and lucrative practice ; M. C. 
1843-51; s]ieaker of the 31st Congress; gov. 
of Ga., 1851-3; again M C. 1856-7 ; sec. of 
the treasury under Buchanan, 1857-60. Zeal- 



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ous in the secession movement, he was a dele- 
gate to the Montgomery Congress, and chosen 
its pres. Feb. 4, 1861. '.Made a brig., and then 
a maj.-geri., but did not disting. liimself in the 
field. At the close of the war, he opposed all 
the measures for reconstruction. In Congress, 
he disting. himself bv his familiarity with the 
rules of the house, his skill as a debater, his 
vehement professions of love for the Union, and 
his equally earnest advocacy of State rights. 
His iinperiousness, and his bold championship 
of slavery, made him the leader of the South- 
ern party in the house. He di-maiided the ex- 
tension of slavery into Cal. and New Mexico, 
and advocated the compromise measures of 
1S50. — .Vw Mtmorial Vol., ed. In) Saml. Boijkin, 
Phila., 1869. 

Cobb, Joseph Beckium, politician and 
author, son of Thos. W., b. Oglethorpe Co., 
6a., Apr. II, 1819; d. Columbus Ga., Sept. 
15, 18.i8. Educated at Wilmington, N.C.,and 
at Franklin Cull., Ga. He removed in 18-38 to 
NoxuHee Co., Mpi. In 1851, he was elected by 
the Whigs to the State convention ; was shI> 
seqiiently, for some years, a member of the 
State senate, and in 185! an "American" can- 
didate for Congress. Author of " The Creole," 
a novel, 1848; "Sketches," Svo, 1851; and 
" Leisure Hours." 1858 ; and a contrib. to Pe- 
terson's X<itiiiiial Marj. aud to the -Iwer. Rfv. 

Cobb, Xath.a.xiel R., a philanthropic mer- 
chant of Bo^tou, b. Falmouth, Me., Nov. 3, 
1798; d. Boston, 22 May, 1S14 

Cobb, Stlvaxus, D.D., Universalist min- 
ister, b. Xorwav, Me., July, 1799; d. E. Bos- 
ton, Oct. 31, 1866. In 1828, he was settled at 
Maiden and Waltham, Ms. ; was the author 
of a " Commeutary on the New Testament," 
" Compend of Divinity," " Discussions," and 
some other works, ami edited the Christian 
Freeman more than 20 years. His son Stl- 
VANUS, b. W.iterville, Me., 1823, is a popular 
writer of novelettes. He was editor and pub. 
of a paper called Tlie Urchahite ; edited the Ni^ii-- 
Enrfiand Washiwjlonian ; and was a principal 
contrib. to GImson's Pictorial. Flag of our 
Union, and the -V. Y. Ledger. He pub. " The 
Autobiog. of Rev. Sylvanus Cobb," with a 
memoir, in 1867. 

Cobb, C.\PT. Thomas, b. Buckincham Co., 
Va. ; d. Columbia Co., Ga., Oct. 18.32, a. 110. 
He took a patriotic part in the Revol. strug- 
gle ; was often associated in the councils of 
the times ; held otBees under the State govt, 
until his removal to Ga., ab. 1783, and effi- 
ciently managed his plantation for 80 or 90 
years." — \. E. Mag., iii., 520. 

Cobb, Thomas R. R., lawver, b. Jefferson 
Co., Ga., 1820; killed at the battle of Freder- 
icksburg. Va., Dee. 13, 1862 U. of Ga. 1841. 
Bro. of Howell. Adm. to the bar, he was re- 
porter of the Supreme Court of Ga. from 1849 
to 1857. In IS.il, he pub. a new digest of ihe 
laws of Ga., and in 1858 an " Inquiry into 
the Laws of No'.'ro Slavery." He was a trus- 
tee of the university, was active in the cause 
of education in Ga.,and had a high reputation 
and large practice as a lawyer. An able and 
eloquent member of the Confederate Congress, 
in which he served as chairman of military 
affairs ; afterward a gen. in the rebel army. 



Cobb, Thomas W., statesman, b. Colum- 
bia Co., Ga., 1784; d. Greenesborou^h, Feb. 1, 
1 830. After studying law in the office of Wm. 
H. Crawford, he settled at Lexington, Ga., and 
disting. himself at the bar. M. C. from 1817 
to 1821 and 1823-1 ; U. S. senator from 1824 
to 1828; judge of the Superior Court from 
1828 till his d. He wrote excellent political 
essays, and was an eloquen^t and argumenta- 
tive debater, prominent in the discussion in 
1819 of the 5Io. question. 

Cobbett, Thomas, clergvman and author, 
b. Newburv, Eng., 1608 ; "d. Ipswich, -Ms., 
Nov. 5, 1685. He studied at Oxford, but left 
on account of the plague, and became a pupil 
of Dr. Twiss. Persecuted for nonconformity, 
he came to Ms. in 1637 with Davenport, and 
was colleague to his old friend, Mr. Whiting 
of Lynn, until, in 1656, he became pastor of 
the First Church in Ipswich, where heremained 
till his death. During his ministry, there was 
a powerful and extensive revival in that town. 
He was remarkable for the frequency of his 
prayers, and his assurance of their efficacy. 
He pub. in 1645 a work on infant baptism-; 
" The Civil Maiiisirate's Power in Matters of 
Religion, modestly debated," &c., 1653; "A 
Practical Discourse of Prayer," Svo, 1654; 
"On the Honor due from Children to their 
Parents," 1656, "Narrative of New Eng- 
land's Deliverances" (in N.E. H. and G. Reg., 
vol. vii.). 

Cobbett, William, jiolitical writer, b. 
Farnham, Surrey, Eng., 9 Mar. 1762; d. 17 
June, 1835. He was a farmer's son, and was 
self-educated. After a clerkship of some 
months to an atty. in London, he, ab. 1784, 
enli-ted in the army, in which, by good conduct, 
he rose to the grade of sepit -maj . Alter 5 
years' service in Nova Scotia, he returned to 
Eng. in 1791, obtained his discharge, m., and 
in 1792 settled as a bookseller in Phila. There 
he issued Peter Porcupine's Gazette, a Federalist 
paper, assailing with great power, ami coarse- 
ness of language, the supporters of the French 
Rcvol. ; pnb. his " Observations," and other 
political tracts, and was fined S5,00U for a libel 
on Dr. Rii-^h. Returning to Eng. in 1800, he 
began a daily paper called The Porcii/iine, but 
in 1802 established his famous Political Regis- 
ter, at first a Tory paper, afterward in ojiposi- 
tion to Pitt and the Tories, and discontinued 
in 1835. For his libels or satires on members 
of the govt., he was several times heavily 
fined, and in 1810 was imprisoneil for two 
years.- The passage of the famous " Six Act 
Bill " caused him to emig. ag.ain to the U.S. ; 
and his Registers were dated from Long Island, 
from 1817 to his return in Dec. 1819, on which 
occasion he took to Eng. the bones of Tlios. 
Paine. Again tried for libel in 1831, he de- 
fendi-d himself with such ability, that he was 
acquitted. After two unsucee-si'ul attempts to 
enter parliament for Oldham, he was returned 
in 1832, and again in 1834. Bc.-.ides his politi- 
cal writings, he was the author of many use- 
ful and popular books. Ho was master of a 
vigorous Saxon-English style, unrivalled for 
sarcasm and common sense; and possessed 
great jiowers of observation and descrintion. 
Among his works are " Advice to Young 



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201 



coc 



Men," " Cottage Economy," " Grammars of 
the En<rlisli and ITrench Languages," " A Year's 
Residence in America," " History of tlie Ketbr- 
matiun," " Rural Rides," " Emigrant's Guide," 
20 vols, of ■' Parliamentary Debates," "Letters 
on the Late War Iwtwcen Eng. and the U.S.," 
ISl.i, and " Pride of Brittania Humbled," 
1815; "Life of Andrew Jackson," 1834; 
"Life of Peter Porcupine," 1796; "Porcu- 
pine's Works," 12 vols., 8vo, 1801. — See Life 
of Cohbell, Pliila., 18.31 ; llazliU's Misc. 
Works, vol. V. 

Cobbs, Nicholas H.^mner, D.I).. Pr.-Ep. 
bishop uf Ala., h.Mc.llrprd Co.. Va., Feb. 1796; 
d. Jan. 11, 1861. He taugiit a classical school 
some years; was ord. deacon in 182+ ; priest 
in 1825 ; then labored 14 years in bis native 
county, and 4 years in Petersburg, Va. ; I hen 
took charge of St. Paul's Church, Cincinnati, 
O.; and was consec. bishop, Oct. 20, 1844, at 
Phila. 

Cochrane, Sir Alkx. Forester Inolis, 
an Eng. adra. (1758-1832). Disting. in the 
wars with Amer. and France, especially for an 
unequal combat with five French vessels in 
Chesapeake Bay. Com. the Briti-h fleet on 
the Amer. station in the War of 1812-15, and 
assisted the land-forces in the attack on N. 
Orleans. Made adm. of tlie Blue in 1819. 

Cochran, Jamks, inventor of the art of 
makim; cut nails, b. 1763, Batavia, Genesee 
Co., N.Y. ; d. Dec. 31, 1846. He was a brass- 
founder; and to his sho)), while he lived in 
Phila., Franklin paid frequent visits. In ad- 
dition to the above invention, he claimed to 
have manuf. the first cents in this coimtry. 

Cochran, John, M. D., physician and 
surgeon-gen. of the Revol. army, b. Chester 
Co., P,a., Sept. I, 1730; d. Palatine, Mont- 
gomery Co., Apr. 6, 1807. Educated at the 
school of Dr. Francis Allison, and had finished 
his medical studies when the war with France 
broke out in 1755. Entering the army as sur- 
geon's male, lie quitted the service at the close 
of the war, with the character of an able and 
experienced practitioner, and.settling in Alba- 
ny, m. Gertrude, sister of Gen. Schuyler. He 
soon removed to New Brunswick, N.J., and, 
late in 1776, offered his services as a vol. in the 
hosjiital dept. At the warm recommendation 
of Wiisliingion, he was app. Apr. 10, 1777, 
physician and surgeon-gen. in the middle dept., 
and in Oct. 17S1, Congress app. him director- 
gen, of the hospitals of the U.S. His experi- 
ence in the British service enabled him to 
make great ini|jrovements in the hos|iitals. 
Soon after the petice, he removed his family to 
N.Y. , diid, on the adoption of the Federal Con- 
stitution, Washington made him commis. of 
loans for N.Y. — Tliacher. 

Cochrane, Jonx, brig.-gen. vols., b. Pala- 
tine, Moni^xoniery Co., N.Y., Aug. 27, 1813. 
liam. Coll 1831." Adm to the bar, he prac- 
tised law some years in the Valley of the Mo- 
hawk ; removed to N.Y. City in 1846 ; became 
a leader of that branch of the Dcmoc. party 
popularly called " Barnburners," and, during 
the adiniiiistration of Pres. Pierce (18.53-7), 
was surveyor of the port of N.Y. ^I.C. from 
1856 to 1862. Mar. 1861, lie visited Richmond 
to confer with the Union members of the Va. 



convention, and in Aug. took the field as col. 
1st U S. (vol.) Chasseurs, which he com. at 
Fair Oaks, Malvern Hill, and other battles of 
the Chickaliominy campaign. Brig.-gen. of 
vols. 17 July. 1862, he wasassi;;ned a brigade 
in Couch's division of the Potomac Army. He 
was with the reserve at the battle of Antietam, 
and afterward pursued the retreating enemv. 
Resigned Feb. 25, 1863. Nominated in 18tj4 
vice-pres. on the ticket with Fremont. Atty.- 
gen. N.Y., 1865. 

Cock, Thomas, M.D., physician and med- 
ical author, b. Glen Cove, L. L, 1802 ; d. N.Y., 
June 14, 1869. He studied in the office of Dr. 
Seaman, with whom be was al'terward partner. 
During the yellow-fever epidemic of 1822, he 
was indclatigalile in his etibrts to overcome 
the disease, as also during the cholera of 1832. 
He had been pres. of tire Acad, of Medicine 
ofN.Y., prof, and subsequently pres., of the 
Coll. of Physicians and Surgeons, and was 
many years attending and consulting physician 
of the N.Y'. hospital. Long an active memlier, 
and at his death vice-pres., of the American 
Bible Society. 

Cockburn (ko'-bum). Sir George, an 
English adm., b. Lond., 1771 ; d. Aug. 1853. 
He entered the navy in 1783, became a post- 
captain in 1795, and, after disting. himself on 
many occasions, became, in 1812, a rear-adm. 
In the early part of 1813, he com. " The Marl- 
borough " 74, on theN. Amer. station, and suc- 
cessfully attacked various towns, and reposito- 
ries of stores, on the banks of the rivers at the 
head of Chesapeake Bay. June 26, 1813, he 
assisted in taking the camp and fortified works 
at Hampton. In the following month, he oh 
tained possession of two islands in N.C., and 
captured two small vessels of war. In the be- 
ginning of Aug. 1814, he accomp. the exped. 
which succeeded in taking the city of Wash- 
ington, and which had, it is said, been suggest- 
ed by himself to the commanders. Gen. Ross 
and Adm. Cochrane. Ho was employed in the 
unsuccessful attempt on Baltimore, in Sejit. 
1814. In Jan. 1815, he was pjade a KB; on 
the 12th of Aug. 1819, a vice-adm., and on the 
5th of April, IS21, maj.-gen. of marines. 

Cocke, John, gen.,b. Brunswick, Nottaway 
Co., Va., 1772; d. Granger Co., Tcnn., Feb. 
16, 1854. Win. his father participated in the 
civil, legislative, and military service of Va. ; 
removed to Tenn., ami became a gen. of mili- 
tia; State legisl. 1813; judu'e Circuit Court ; 
US. senator, 1796-7 and 1799-1805; a])p. in 
1814 agent for the Chickasaw Indians. In 
early life John emigrated to Tenn., adopted 
the profession of the law, became a member of 
the first legisl. in 1796, was speaker of the 
house for many years, was subsequently a 
member of the senate, and was M.C. from 
1819 to 1827. He was maj.-gen. Tenn. vols., 
Sept. 25, 1813, in service against the Creeks. 
Col. Tenn. rcgt. Nov. 14, under Gen. Jack.son, 
at Now Orlean... — d'ardner. 

Cocke, John H., brig.-gen. War of 1812 ; 
d. at his residence, Fluvanna Co., Va., July I, 
1866, a. 85. 

Cocke, Philip St. Geop.oe, gen. C.S.A. 
b. \'irL:iiiia, 1808; shot himself at his resi- 
dence in Powhatan Co., Va., Dec. 26, 1861. 



COD 



202 



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West Point, 1832. Entering the 2 J art., ho 
was adj. in 1833-4 ; resifined, April, I8.54, ami 
was made a brig. -gen. Confed. army c;uly in 
1 861, and took part in the first battle of i5nll 
Run, com. the 5th brigade. After a campai^in 
of 8 months, he reiunied to his hume shattered 
l)0tli in mind and body, and in a paroxysm of 
insanity put an end to liis life. President Va. 
Agric.Soe. 1853-6. Author of " Plantation 
and Farm Instruction," 1852. 

Codazzi (ko-diit'-see), Agostino, an Ital- 
ian eii;;ineer, b. near Fcrrara, 1792. lie made 
several campaigns under Napoleon, and after- 
wards disiing. himself as an engineer in S. 
America. Entering the Columbian service as 
lient.-eol. of art., he wa.s employed in making 
charts, and in preparing plans of defence. In 
1831-40, he [irepared charts of Venezuela, and 
was rewarded with the rank of col. In 1838- 
9, he explored the interior of Guiana, pene- 
trated nearly to the Bourees of the Orinoco; 
and the valuable results of his labors, "(ieo- 
graphi'a Je Venezuela," appeared in Paris in 
1841, aecoinp. by an extensivechart of Venezu- 
ela Codazzi afterwards established a German 
colony in Venezuela. In 1848, he was em- 
]il(iyed by the govt, of New Granada upon a 
topo.nraiiliical survey. 

Codding, IciiAiiOD, Presb. clergyman, and 
an eloquent antislavery lecturer, b. Bristol, 
N.Y., 1811 ; d. Baraboo, Wis., 17 June, 1866. 
He studied at Middleb. Coll., lectured for the 
Amer. Antislavery Society in 1837-42 ; entered 
the ministry, and was successively pastor at 
Princeton, Lockport. Joliet, Baraboo, and 
Bloomington, III. His addresses were marked 
by great cloipiriice and fervor. 

Coddington, William, founder of K.I., 
b. Lincolnshire, Eng., 1601 ; d. Nov. 1, 1678. 
In 1630, he came in " TKo Arabella " to Salem, 
n magistrate of Ms., app. by the crown. For 
some years, he was a merchant in Boston. In 
16.)fi,'wben Wintbrop succeeded Vane as gov., 
Coddiiigton's namewasdrop])ed from the roll ; 
but the freemen, on the following day, sent him 
and Vane as deputies to the court. He defend- 
ed Anne Hutchinson against Wintbrop and 
his party, and opposed, though unsuccessfully, 
the proceedings against Wheelwright, but 
finally, with 1 8 others, removed, Apr. 26, 1 638, 
to the Island of Aquidncck, now R.I. Cod- 
dington was elected judge, with a council of 
3 elders, who were enjoined by a vote of the 
fn'emen to be " guided by God s laws." Mar. 
12, 1640, Coddington was elected gov.; contin- 
ued 7 years in office, until a charter was ob- 
tained, and the island incorporated with the 
Providence plantations. Having made a voy- 
age to Eng. in 1651, he returned with a com- 
mission as gov. of Aquidneck Island, but he 
soon resigned. He was again gov. in 1674-5. 
After his settlement in K.I., lie adopted the 
tenets of the Quakers. He was earnest for 
liberty of conscience. Auihorof "A Uemon- 
straiion of True Love unto you the Rulers of 
the Coloiiv of Ms.," 4to, 1674. 

Codm'an, Joiix, D.D. (ILU. 1840), min- 
ister lid I'll., Uuicliester, from Dee. 7, 1808, to 
!iis d., Dec. 23, 1847 ; b. Boston, Aug. 3, 1782. 
11. U. 1802. Son of .John, a Boston merchant. 
Ue studied at Cambridge and at Edinburgh, 



and preached in the Swallow-st. Church, 
Lond., in 1808. He was a benefactor of the 
thcol. seminaries of Princeton and Andover. 
A Memoir by Dr. Allen, with 6 sermons, was 
pub., 8vo, 1853; sermons on various occa- 
sions, 1834 ; narrative of a visit to Eng., 1836, 
and many separate sermons. — Allen. 

CoCTee, John, gen., b. Nottaway Co., Va., 
1772; d. near Florence, Ala., July 7, 1833. 
In 1804, he engaged in business with Andrew 
Jackson, near Nashville, Teiin., but in 1807 
resumed his old occupation of surveying. 
Ever the strong ))ersoniil friend of Jackson, he 
seconded him in his atfray with the Bentons in 
Sept. 1813. Col. of Teiin. vols, under Jack- 
son, Dec. 1812 to Apr. 1813; brig-gen. Tenn. 
mounted gunmen, Sept. 24, 1813; com. de- 
tachment engaged with Creek Indians at Tal- 
lahatchie, Nov. 3, 1813; badly wounded in 
battle under Gen. Jackson, with Creek Indians 
at Emucfau, Jan. 22, 1814 ; in attack on Pen- 
sacola, Nov. 1814; disting. in detijnce of N. 
Orleans in battles of Dec. 23, 1814. andJan.8, 
1815; in service to June, 1815. US. survey- 
or of public lands, March, 1817. His son Aif- 
DBEW J. served as extra aide-de-camp to Gen. 
Taylor at Bucna Vista, and was brev. lieut.- 
col. for his gallant and meritorious conduct, 
Feb. 23, 1847. 

Cofan, Charles. D.D. (Wms.Coll. 1808), 
Pre^b. clergvman, b. Newburyport, Ms., Aug. 
15, 1775; (i. Greenville, E. Tenn., June 12, 
1853. H.U. 179.3. Son of Dr. Charles. Li- 
censed to ])reach by the Essex Middle Assoc., 
MiivU, 1799. Pres. of Greenville Coll., Tenn., 
1810-27, and of KnoxWIle Coll. 1827-33. He 
])assed the last 50 years of his life in Tenn. — 
6>raf/"p. 

Coffin, Sm Isaac, a British adin., b. Bos- 
ton, 16 May, 1759; d. Cheltenluim, Eng., 23 
July, 1839. Son of Nathaniel, collector of the 
customs, and a loyalist, by Elizabeth, dau. of 
Henry Barnes of Boston. Educated in the 
Boston s(-hools ; entered the British navy in 
1773; became a lieut. in 1778; was actively em- 
ployed on the Amer. const ; was maile com- 
mander in July, 1781; acted as signal-oflicer to 
Adin. Arbuthnot in the action off Cape Henry, 
16 March, 1781, and served as a vol. in the 
action between Rodney and DcGrasse in 1782. 
Post-capt. 1790; rear-adra. of the Blue, 23 
Apr. 1804; baronet, 19 May, 1804; vice-adm. 
April, 1808; June 4, 1814, adm. of the Blue, 
and, on the death of George IV., adm. of the 
White. M. P. 1818, and again in 1826. He 
ever retained a strong regard for liis native 
land, and in 1826, while visiting Nantucket, 
where many of his kindred resided, authorized 
the purchase of a building for the " CofBn 
School," for the support of which he after- 
wards invested a fund of X2,500. 

Coffin, John, a British gen., bro. of Sir 
Isaac, b. Boston, 1751; d. St. John's Co., N. 
Brunswick, 12 May, 1838. He accomp. the 
British troops in the action at Bunker's Hill ; 
rose to the rank of capt. of the N.Y. vols. ; 
disting. himself at the siege of Savannah, the 
battle of llobkirk's Hill, the action of Cross 
Creek, near Charleston, S.C., and especially at 
the battle of Eutaw, 8 Sept. 1781, where he 
exacted even the admiration of Greene in his 



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despatchos to Con'.-ress, niul was at once maile 
major of the lviii^''s Amor. rcgt. At the close 
of the war, he sottk'il in N. Bnmswiek ; became 
a col. ill the army in 1797; raaj.-gen. 1S0.3 ; 
lieut.-gen. 1809; gen. 1819. In 1783, he was 
wounded in a duel with Col. Campbell ; mem- 
ber of the N. B. Assembly, chii f magistrate of 
King's Comity, and member of the council, 
retiring to private life in 1828. His wife Ann, 
dau. of \Vm. Mathews of S. C, d. Bath, in 
Apr. 1839, a. 70. 

Coffin, Josiiu.v, genealogist and antiqua- 
ry, b. Newbury, Ms., Oct. 12, 1792; d. there 
June 24, 1864. Dartm. Coll. 1817. Many 
years a teaclier. He pub. " The Iliatory of 
Ancient "Newbury." 8vo, 184.T, genealogies 
of the Woodman, Little, and Toppan families, 
besides many articles in periodicals. lie was 
the schoolmaster of the poet Whittier. 

Coffin, Natuaniel, M.U., jjhvsiiian, b. 
Poitland, Me., .May 3, 1744 ; d. there Oct. 18, 
1826. lie studied under his father Nathaniel, 
who was a physician, and at Guy's and St. 
Thomas's IIo>pitals, Lond., under Hunter, 
Akcnside, and .Mclvenzie; and eomnieneed 
practice at the aL"e of 21. At the death of his 
father, in 1766, he succeeded to an exten-ive 
practice, and in 1709 in. the dau. of Isaac Fos- 
ter of Charlestown. When Ca]it. Mowatt, in 
177.1, prepared to destroy the town, then called 
Falmouth, Dr. Coffin, with two otliers, went 
on board his ship, and endeavored fruitlessly 
to avert the impending storm. As an opera- 
tive surgeon, ho ranked high. The hon. (leg. 
of M.D. was conferred on him by Bowd. Coll., 
Brunswick. He was the first pres. of the Jle. 
Mod. Society, and for many years discharged 
the duties of hospital surgeon for ijiarine pa- 
tients in Ins dist. — Tliacher. 

Coffin, KobeRt S., printer and poet, b. 
Bruns>viek, Me., 1797; d. Rowley, Ms., May 
7, 1827. He was apprenticed to a printer in 
Newlniryport, whither his father had removed; 
was a .sailor during the War of I8I2, and once 
a prisoner on board an Engli>h frigate, and sub- 
sequently worked on newspapers in Boston, 
N.y., and Phila., publishing occasional verses. 
His poems were coll. in a vol. entitled "The 
Oriental Harp, Poems of the Boston Bard," 
Boston, 1820. His Lite, written by himself, 
was .pill)., 12nio, 1825. 

Coffin, SirThomas Astox, ban. (19 Mav, 
1804), lovalist, b. Boston, Mar. .31, 1754; d. 
London, ".May 31, ISIO. H.U. 1772. Son of 
Wni. of Boston, and cousin of Adm. Sir Isaac. 
At one period of the Revol., he was private 
sec. to Sir Guy Carleton. He was afterward 
commiss.-gen. in the British army, and in 1804, 
sec. and comptroller of accounts of Lower 
Canada. — ."iabiiie. 

Coffin, TiMorar Gakdner, lawyer, h. Nan- 
tucket, Jls., Nov. 1,1788; d. New Bedford, 
Sept. 19, 1854. B.U. 1813. He early en- 
gaged in a seafaring life, hut, receiving severe 
injurien from a fall, turned his attention to the 
law. Adm. in 1816 to practise at the Bristol 
bar, he obtained the foremost rank in the pro- 
fession, trying his intellectual strength against 
such opponents as Webster and Choate. As 
a nisi priiis l.iwyer, he had few equals. 

Coggeshall, Capt. Geobob of Ct., b. 



1 "84. Pub. " Voyages to Various Parts of the 
World,- 1799-1841," 2 vols., 8vo, 1851-2; 
"History of Anier. Privateers," 8vo; "Reli- 
gious and Miseellancous Poetrv." He com. 
two privateers in the War of 1812-15. 

Cogswell, 1!ev. Joxatiian, D.D. (U. of 
N.Y. 1836), b. 3 Sept. 1782 ; d. N. Brunswick, 
N.J., 1 Aug. 1864. H.U. 1806. Tutor at 
Bowd. Coll.; prof, of eccl. hist., Theol. Inst, 
of Ct. at East Windsor, 1834-44 ; afterward a 
resident of N.B. Author of a sermon delivered 
24 Aug. 1819, before the York Co. Assoc, 
Alfred, Me. ; " Farewell Discourse at Saco," 12 
Oct. 1828; " Discourses," 8vo, Hartford, 1842; 
" Discourses," N. Brunswick, N..T., 12nio, 1845 ; 
" Helirew Theocracy," 12mo, 1848; "Calvary 
and Sinai," Svo, 1852; also discourses, &c. — 
Aliihone. 

Cogswell, Joseph Green, LL.D. (H.U. 
180:)), .M-bolar, l>. Ipswich, Mst, Sept. 27,1786. 
II. U. 18(16. Proceeding to the East Indies in 
a merchant-ship, on his return, he studied law 
with Fislier Ames, and in 1814 was a tutor at 
Cambridge. In 1816, he went to Eui'ope, 
studied at Gotiingen and other German uni- 
versities, and travelled on the Continent. From 
1820 to 1823, he was librarian, and prof, of 
mineralogy and geology, at Cambridge, when, 
with George Bancroft, he founded tlie Round 
Hill School at Northampton, which he earned 
on for five years. He afterwards liad charge 
of a similar establishment in Raleigh, N.C., 
but before 1839 settled in N.Y. City, edited the 
y. Y. Ilcricir, and assisted John Jacob Astor 
in arranging the |)lans for the great library 
which he endowed. He several times visited 
the principal libritries and cities of Europe, 
collecling liooks for it. He presented to it his 
own bibliographical coll., one of the largest 
and finest in the country. Many years supt. 
of the Astor Library. With Mr. Andrew Rit- 
chie, he jjui chased in Germany, and presented 
to H.U., a cabinet of <ab. 5,000 minerals, and 
gave to the Botanic Garilen at Cambridge 
nearly 4,000 choice specimens of dried plants 
of Central Europe. He has been a contrib. to 
Blackwuoil's Mil;/., MoiithI// Aiil/iohi/i/, and the 
iV. .1. Review. A resident of Cambridge until 
his death, 26 Nov. 1871. 

CogSWeU, Mason Fitch, M.D., physi- 
cian, b. Canterbury, Ct., 1701 ; d. Hartford, 
Dec. 1830. V.('.'l780. Son of Rev. James. 
He a>sisred his bro.. Dr. James, a surgeon in 
the army ; established himself in Hartford in 
1789, and took high rank, especially as a sur- 
geon. He was jjarticularly successful in opera- 
tions forthe cataract, and, in Nov. 1803, was the 
first in this country to secure the carotid artery 
by a ligature. He was chiefly instrumental in 
founrling the asylum for the deaf and dumb, 
and was a friend and supporter of the Retreat 
for the Insane at Hartford, and was 10 years 
pres. of the State Med. Soc. His son, of the 
same name, also an eminent physician, b. 
Hartford, Ct., 10 Nov. 1809; d. Albany, 21 
Jan. 1805. M. D., Coll. of Phys. and Surg. 
1832. — Williams Med. Bio,). 

Cogswell, Nathaniel, son of Thomas, b. 
Haverhill, Ms., Jan. 19, 1773; d. Rapids of 
Red River, La., Aug. 1813. Dartm. Coll. 
1794. He began to practise law at Gilmanton, 



COG- 



204 



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1805; removed to Newburyport in 1808, afid 
aftenvaid was a gen. in the Spanish Patriot 
Aniiy. 

Cogswell, Thomas, soldier and jurist, h. 
Ilaverliill. Ms., Aug. 4, 1746; d. Gilmanton, 
Sept. 3, 1810. He was a capt. in Gerrish's 
regt. at Bunker's Hill ; maj. of Vose's regt., 
Feb. 21, 1777; lieut.-col. 15ih Ms. regt., Nov. 
26, 1779, seri'ing to the close of the war. Set- 
tling at Gilmanton, he was chief-justice C.C.P. 
from 1784 till his death. Two of his sons d. 
in [he army, in the War of 1812. M., in 1774, 
Ruth, dau. of Gtn. Joseph Badger of Gil- 
manton. — Ilisl. Gih/iaiiloii. 

Cogswell, WiLLUM, D D. (Wms. Coll. 
18.3.'!), ck-rgvnian and author, b. Atkinson, 
N. H., June 5, 1787; d. Gilmanton, N. H, 
Apr. 18, 18.50. Dartm. Coll. 1811. The son 
of a physician of Atkinson. From Apr. 26, 
1815, to' Dec. rs, 1829, he was pastor of the 
South Church in Dedham ; was in 1829 app. 
gen. agent of the Atner. Education Society, its 
sec. and director in 18-32; prof, of hist, in 
Dartui. Coll. in 1841, and in 1844 was elected 
pres. of the Gilmanton Theol. Sem., and prof, 
of theology. Dr. Cogswell pub., besides dis- 
courses, "A Manual of Tbeol. and Devotion," 
" Christian Philanthropist," " Theol. Class- 
Book," " Letters to Young Men preparing for 
the Ministry," " Occasional Sermons," " Re- 
ports of the Amer. Education Society," and 
" Reports of the Northern Acad, of Arts and 
Sciences." He edited the jV. U. Repositon/, tlie 
N.E. H. and G. Register, for 1847, anil the 
Ainer. Quarterly Rei/ister. Member of many 
literary societies. — Alumni Dartm. Coll. 

Coit,THOM.\s\VisTHROP,DD.( Col. Coll. 
18.34). LL.D. (Trin. Coll. 1853), b. N.London, 
Ct., June 28, 1803. Y. C. 1821. Pres. 
Transyl. U. Prof. Trinity Coll. 1849. Has 
pub. "Theol. Commonplace Book," 1832-57 ; 
"Remarks on Norton's Statement of Reasons," 
8vo, 1833; "Paragraph" Bible, 1834; 
" Townsend's Chronol. Bible," 2 vols., 8vo, 
1837-8; "Puritanism," 12mo, 1844. Con- 
trib. to Church Review, Churchman, &c. — 
Alllhone. 

Coke, Thomas, D.D., LL.D., one of the 
first bishops of the M.E. Church, b. Brecon, 
S. Wales, Sept. 9, 1747 ; d. at sea. May 2, 1814. 
He was educated at O.xford, and at 23 became 
mayor of his native town, but took orders, and 
obtained a curacy at Petherton. JIaking the 
acquaintance of Wesley in 1776, he joined the 
Methodists ; became in 1780supt. of the Lond. 
dist., and pres. of the Irish conference in 1 782. 
Ord. by Wesley as bishop of the church in 
Amer., he arrived in N.Y. in 1784, and, on Dec. 
27, Old. Asbury a bishop, and joint supt of the 
church in Amer. They pi-oceeded together to 
visit the different conferences until .June. 1785, 
when he returned to Eng., and visited Wales, 
Scotland, and Ireland. The first mission which 
ho established was in the W. Indies, in 1786, 
which he again visited in 1788-9, 1790, and 
1792-3. His 9th and last visit to Amer. was 
in 1803. After the death of Wesley, he was 
chosen sec. of the English Conference, and, in 
tonjunction with Mr. Moore and Dr. White- 
head, pub. in 1792 a Life of Wesley. In a 
voyage to Amer. in 1797, the vessel lie was in 



was taken by a privateer, and he was most cru- 
elly treated, being plundered of every thing but 
his books. He completed his Commentarv on 
the Bible in 1807. In 1803, he established a 
mission in Gibraltar. From this time until 
1808, he was engaged in travelling to various 
parts in aid of the missionary cause. Through 
his influence, a mission was established in 1811, 
at Sierra Leone, and missionaries sent out. De- 
termining in 1813 to establish a mission at 
Ceylon, such was his zeal, that, when the con- 
ference hesitated on account of the exi)«ise, 
he furnished the money from his own private 
purse. The missionaries embarked Dec. 30 ; 
and, after having been out 4 months, he was 
found dead in his cabin. Besides his Commen- 
tary, he wrote " A History of the W. Indies," 
" History of the Bible," " Six Letters in De- 
fenceof the Doctrine of Justification by Faith," 
"Four Discourses on the Duties of a Minis- 
ter," "Preacher's Manual," 12mo. He ren- 
dered valuable assistance to Wesley in procur- 
ing what was called the deed of declaration, 
providing for the settlement,of the Methodist 
Chapels in the connection, and restricted the 
conference to 100 of the preachers, and their 
successors, forever. — See ilemoir by Samuel 
Drew, 1853. 

Colborne, Sir Johs, Lord Seaton-, a 
British gcu., b. 1779; d. 1863. He entered 
the army an ensign, in 1794; served in Hol- 
land, Egypt, and Italy ; was in the battle of 
Maida in 1806; was military sec. to Sir John 
Moore, and fought at Corunna ; served un- 
der Wellington in Spain and at Waterloo. 
He received several orders of knighthood for 
his brilliant services ; became lieut.-gov. of 
Guernsev ; maj. -gen. in 1825 ; lieut.-gen. 
1838; gen. 1854, and in 1860 field-marshal. In 
1829, he became lieut. gov. of U. Canada. He 
found a strong reform party, which he firmly 
repressed. In 1835, he solicited and obtained 
a recall, butas he was ab. to embark forEurope, 
was app com.-in-ciiief of the forces in Canada. 
He returned to Quebec, and took efficient and 
prompt measures to check the rebellion then 
preparing, and, on its breaking-out, took the 
field in person, in several engagements, and 
completely routed and discomfited the insur- 
gents. He was twice temporarily gov. -gen. of 
British N. Amer., and rendered great services 
to that country. In 1839, he returned to Eng., 
where his great services were requited with the 
barony of Seaton, the post of privy-councillor, 
and a pension of £2,000 per annum. He was 
afterward com. in Ireland. — Monjan. 

Colburn, Warren, mathematician, b. 
Dedham, Ms., Mar. 1, 1793; d. Lowell, Sept. 
15, 1833. H. U. 1820. The son of poor 
parents, he worked in factories, but studied 
mathematics, and acquired the trade of a 
machinist. He opened a select school in Boston 
in 1821, and pub. " First Lessonsiu Intellectual 
Arithmetic." It had an extranrdin.nry sale of 
more than 2,000,000, and has been translated 
into most of the languages of Europe, and into 
several of the languages of Asia. In April, 
1823, he was app. supt. of the Boston Manuf. 
Co. at Waltham, and, Aug. 1824, of the Mer- 
rimack Co. of Lowell. Many important im- 
provements in the machinery ot our manuf. 



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establishments are the fruits of his scientific 
researches and ingenuity. In 1825, he tlelivereil 
a course of lectures on the natural history of 
animals, followed, in subsequent years, with 
lectures on light, the eye, the seasons, electricity, 
hydraulics, astronomy, &c. His " Sequel " 
w"as pub. in 1824; his " Algebra," 1828. Mem- 
ber of the Acad, of Arts and Sciences. 

Colburn, Zeeah, mathematical prodigv, 
b. Cabot, Vt., 1 Sept. 1804 ; d. Norwich, Vt., 
2 Mar. 1839. At 8, ho began to show his pre- 
cocity in computation, and was exhibited by 
his father in Vt., N.H., and Ms., visiting 
Boston in Nov. 1810, where the boy excited 
great interest, as well as at the South, and in 
Eng., where he wont in May, 1812. The Earl 
of Bristol placed him at school ; but his father 
took him out in 1819. He studied, unsuccess- 
fully, for the stage ; then taught school ; re- 
turned to the U.S. on the death of his father 
in 1824 ; was ord. in the Meth. Church in \S'25, 
and labored as an itinerant, until, in 18.35, 
app. prof, of languages and literature in the 
iiiliint U. at Norwich. He lost his wonderful 
talent some time before leaving Eng. Among 
his mental operations was giving the number 
of seconds from the commencement of the 
Christ. Era, the square root of 106,929 (given 
before the number could be written down), and 
the cube root of 268,336,125, given with equal 
facility and promptness. Through practice, he 
increased his powers of computation. His 
processes did not differ from those in ordinary 
use, excepting in finding the square root of 
large numbers, for which he had invented a 
method. — See Colhum's Aiilohiog., 1833. 

Colburn, Zbkah, engineer, b. Saratoga, 
N.Y., 18-32 ; d. by his own hand, 4 May, 1870, 
in a country town in Ms. He was named for 
Ins uncle, the celebrated arithmetician. In 
his boyhood, he worked on a farm. At 15, he 
entered the Lowell machine-shop, Boston, and 
afterwards became supt. of tlie locomotive 
works of Mr. Souther, and of those at Patter- 
son, N.J. Heconnected himself with the Ilail- 
road Jouninl ; pub. the Railroad Advocate in 
N.Y. in 1854-5 ; and in 1858, with Mr. Holley, 
visited, and made a valuable report on, the rail- 
ways of Europe, which was ))ub. with many 
illustrations. Eor some years, he edited the 
London Emjineer, and, from 1866 until a few 
weeks before his death, pub. there his scientific 
journal, Englneefinrj. He received medals ti'om 
the Institution of Civil Engineers for his papers 
on " Iron Bridges," and on " Amer. Locomo- 
tives and Rolling Stock," and was a first-rate 
authority on these subjects, and on general 
meLbaniciil engineering. Overwork and irregu- 
larity caused him to become partially insane. 
He came to the U.S. in April, avoided all his 
old friends, and, straying away, committed 
suicide. He pub. " The Locomotive Engine," 
Boston, 1851. 

Golden, Cadwallader, physician, anthor, 
and politician, b. Dunse, Scotland, Feb. 17, 
1688; d. at his 'seat on Long Island, Sept. 28, 
1776. U. of Edinburgh, 1705. Son of Rev. 
Alex. Coldcn. He devoted himself to medicine 
and mathematics, in which he made great pro- 
ficiency. Emigrating to Pa. in 1708, he prac- 
tised physic a few years, and in 1715 returned 



to Eng., where he acquired considerable repu 
tation by a work on " Animal Secretions.'' 
After visiting Scotland, became again to Amer. 
in 1716; settled a second time in Pa , but, 
in 1718, removed to N.Y. at the request of Gov. 
Hunter. The next year, he was app. the first 
surveyor-gen. of the Colony, and also master 
in chancery. In 1720, he obtained a seat in 
the king's council under Gov. Burnet. Ab. 
1 755, he took up his residence on a tract of 
land about 9 miles from Newburgh, on the 
Hudson, for which he had received a patent, 
and where he was exposed to the attacks of the 
Indians. Succeeding to the presidency of the 
council, he administered the govt, in 1760. In 
1761, he was app. lieut.-gov. of N.Y., which 
station he occupied during the remainder of 
his life ; being repeatedly placed at the head 
of aff.iirs by the absence" or death of several 
govs. During one of these periods, the paper 
intended for distribution in N. Y» under the 
Stamp Act, arrived, and was put under his 
care in Fort George. The populace burned 
him in cfiSgy, and destroyed his carriage in his 
sight. After the return of Gov. Tryon in 1775, 
he retired to a seat on Long Island. Besides 
some medical treatises, he Is the author of a 
" History of the Five Indian Nations of 
Canada," 1727, 3d ed., Lond., 1755. Coldcn 
took a great interest in the study of botany, 
and first introduced the Linniean system in 
America a few months after its publication in 
Europe. His description of 300 or 400 Amer. 
jjlants was printed in the Acta Upsaliensa. 
From 1710 to 1776, he corresp actively with 
the leading scientific men of Europe and Amer. 
Among his MS. are" Observations on Smith's 
Hist, of N.Y." He was a man of great learn- 
ing and superior talents. 

Colden, CadwalladerDavid, lawyer,b. 
Spring Hill, Flushing, Apr. 4, 1769; d. Jersey 
City, Feb. 7,1834. Son of David, who excelled 
in mathematics and nat. philos., and grandson 
of Cadwallader. His education, begun in the 
town of Jamaica, L.I., was completed in Lon- 
don. Returning to the U.S. in 1785, he stud- 
ied law ; commenced practice in N.Y. in 1791, 
and in 1793 removed to Poughkee|jsie, where 
he became district atty., and, in a few years, 
stood at the head of his profession as a com- 
mercial lawj'cr. In 1812, he was col. of a rcgt. 
of vols. In 1818, he was elected to the as- 
semljly, and the same year was mayor of 
N.Y. City. M.C. 1821-3, and in 1824-7 u 
member of the State senate. He was, in con- 
nection with DcWItt Clinton, among thccarlicst 
and most eflScient promoters of the system of 
internal improvements. Upon the completion 
of the Eric Canal, he pub. a memoir of the 
subject. He also wrote, in 1817, " ThcLifeof 
Robert Fulton," of whom he was an early and 
intimate friend. Public education, and the 
reformation of juvenile offenders, were also 
subjects to which he devoted much attention. 
For many years, he was one of the govs, of 
the N.Y. Hospital. 

Cole, Joseph Foxcroft, landscape and 
figure j)ainter of Boston, b. Jay, Me., 9 Nov. 
1837. Was a pupil of Lambinet and Charles 
Jacque, Paris ; has painted a large picture 
owned by the Union Club, " The Ram and 



COL 



206 



oou 



Ewe," "New -England Farm," and "The 
Shepherde*?." 

Cole, Saxtei, ; d. Chelsea, ils., Dec 3, 
1S31. Author of a raloaljle work on " Fruits 
and Frnit-Tree*," and other awric works, and 
editor of the A*. E. Fanner. 

Cole, Thomas, a celebrated painter, b. 
Bolion-le-Moor. Lancashire, En?., Feb. 1, 1801 ; 
d. Catskill, XT., Feb. 11, 1S4:'. His parents, 
who had lived here prerioaE to his birth, re- 
turned to Amer. in 1819, and settled in Phila., 
where Thomas applied himself to wood-en- 
graving, amusing his leisure-hours with a 
flute ; having a passionate fondness for music. 
In Jan. 1820, he went to St. Eustatia to recruit 
his health ; and, on lib return in ilav, he joined 
his father in Sieubenville. O., where he began 
portrait-painting. In Feb. 1822, he left home 
as an itinerant fortrait-painter, but, not meet- 
ing much success, turned his attention to 
landscajje-painting. He returned in Xov. 1 82-3 
to Phila., an'i m^t with encouragement. In 
the spring of 1825, he removed to X.Y., where 
his family were then established. The scenery 
of the Hudson called out all his artistic en- 
thusiasm ; and, during a visit to the Catskills 
in the autumn, he painted several landscapes, 
which were exhibited on his return to the citr. 
This was the turning-point in his career. For 
the next 4 years, commissions flowed in from 
all quarters. In 1 829, he visited Eng., remain- 
ing about 2 years ; then Paris, and thence to 
Italy, returning to N.Y. in Oct. 18.32. He 
finally took up his residence at Catskill, N.T. 
His two great works are, " The Course of Em- 
pire " and " The Voyage of Life ; " the former 
consisting of 5, and the latter, of 4 pictures, — 
" Childhood," " Youth," •' Manhood." and 
" Old Age." A second visit to Europe in 1841, 
to enable him still further to perfect himself by 
studying the great masters, resulted in a sequel 
to " The Voyage of Life ; " and, after an absem-e 
of less than two years, he returned. He painted, 
among other works, " The Cross in the Wilder- 
ness,' " L'Allegro," and " H Penseroso," 
" Home in the" Woods," " The Hunter's 
Betum." " The Mountain Ford," &o. In 18-35, 
he ccmfiosed a dramatic poem, " The Spirits 
of the Wilderness," still unpublished. In early 
life, he wrote for the Phila. Soitardw/ Evening 
Post " a tale called " Emma Moreton ; " and 
some of his sketches of travel have been pub. 
in the iiVerary World. A memoir of his life 
has been pub. by Rev. L. L. Xoble, 12mo, 1855. 
Coleman, Johs, D.D., Episc. clergvman, 
b. Baltimore, isas. Editor of " Faber's Dif- 
ficulties of Eomanism," with Introd. Essav, 
Phila., 1840 ; of " The Episc. Manual," by Dr. 
Wilmer, 1841. Contrib. to various religious 
journals. Editor of the Banner of the Cross, 
Phila., with Rev. F. Ogilbv. — 4///6one. 

Coleman, Ltshs, D.D. (Jf J. Coll. 1847), 
b. Mi(i.llefieId,Ms., 14 June, 1796. Y. C. 
I»17. 3 years principal of the Latin School, 
Hartford ; tutor at Yale, 1 820-5 ; pastor of a 
church at Belchertown, Ms., 7 years ; principal 
of the Burr Sem., Vt., 5 years; principal of 
the English depart, at Andovcr; studied and 
travelled a year in Germany ; prof, of G<;rman 
in X. J. Coll. ; prof, of Lntin and Gi\rk i:i 
Laf. Coll. Has pub. " Aniiquiilos of :lij Clias- 



tian Chnrch." trans, from the German, N.'Y., 
1 846 ; "The .\postolical and Primitive Chureh," 
12mo; "Hisc Geog. of the BiMe," Phila., 
ISSfi; "Ancient Christianirv," 8vo, Phila., 
1852 ; " Hist. Text-Book and Atlas of Bibli- 
cal Geo;.'-," Svo. Phila., 1854, new ed., revised, 
1859. — .17.^5/rf. 

Coleman, Otho il., inventor, b. Barnsta- 
ble, Ms., Jan. 2.3, 1817; d. Saratoga. X.Y., 
Apr. 5, 1645. Of German and English par- 
entage. At the age of 16, he lived in Xew Bed- 
ford ; was relieved from extreme poverty by the 
sale of his invention of the automaton lady- 
minstrel and singing-bird for S800 ; removed 
to Saratoga in 1842, and invented the -£oliaa 
attachment to the piano-fo-te, for which he re- 
ceived -SIOO.OOO here, and S10,000 in Eng., 
whence he returned in Jan. 1845. 

Coleman, William, journalist, b. Boston, 
Feb. 14, 1766; d. Xew York, July 13, 1829. 
He was edurated forthe bar, and ah. 1794 com. 
practice in Greenfield, Ms., which he repre- 
sented twice in the legist. He served against 
the insurgents in Shays' rebellion. Removing 
to Xew York in 1797, he was for a short time 
a partner of .\aron Burr in the practice of 
law ; afterwards, until 1300. he was reporter 
of the Supreme Court of X. Y., and was editor 
of the Ermino Post, a leading Federal paper, 
from 1801 to his d., and sole editor for 20 years. 
He was an able, honest, fearless man, and a 
warm Federalist. — Applelon's Cijd. 

Coles, Edwabd, statesman, b. Albemarle 
Co., Va., Dec. 15, 1786; d. Phila., Jnlv 7, 
1868. Wm. and Mary Coll. 1807. In 1810^16, 
he was private sec. to Pres. Madi.son, who sent 
him to Russia on a diplomatic mission in 1817. 
Returning in 1818, he soon after removed to 
Illinois, taking with him his slaves, whom he 
liberated. He was gov. of III. from 1823 to 
1826; a resident of Phila. subsequent to 1833. 
He read before the Pa. Hist. Society, June 9, 
1856, "A History of the Ordinance of 1737," 
pub. Svo, Phila. 

Coles, Isaac A., col. U. S. A., b. Albem. 
Co., Va., Feb. 15, 1780; d. ChariottesviIle,Va., 
Jnlv 21, 1841. Capt light dragoons, .Jan. 16, 
1809 ; maj. 12th Inf , Mar. 20, 1812 ; col. Mar. 
12, 1813; disb. June, 1815. He was sec. to 
Pres. .Jefferson 4 years ; member of the Va. 
legisl. 

Coles, Col. Thomas, b. Eng., Dec. 4, 
1752; d. Providence, Oct. 13, 1844. Capt. in 
C. Greene's (1st) R. L regt. in April. 1779; 
became aide-de-camp to Lafayette, and after- 
wards a naval commander. Collector of the 
port of Providence many years, and was re- 
moved bv Pres. .Jackson. — \Va!her Family, 
159. 

Colesworthy, Daniel Ct-EMEXT,b. Por^ 
land. Me.. July 14, 1810. Descended from an 
old Boston family, one of whom was a member 
of the famous " Tea-Party." He became a 
printer ; pub. and edited the Portland Trihune 
in 1840-4, and since 1850 has been a book- 
seller in Boston. He has pub. " Sab.School 
Hvmns." 18-^3; "Advice to an Apprentice," 
1836 ; " Opening Buds," 1838 ; " Touch at the 
Timci," 1840; "Chronicles of Caseo Bay," 
1 8."i0 ; " Group of Children, and other Poems," 
H5.>, ic. 



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207 



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Colfax, Schuyler, viee-pres. U.S., b.N.Y. 
Cit.v, .Mar. 23, 182.3. Gran(l.son of Gen. Wni. 
of tiie Kevol ,com. of Washington's Life Guard, 
who J. Fonipcon, N.J., 7 Sept. 1838. A mer- 
chant's clerk for 3 years ; in 1S38 removed, with 
his widowed mother, to Ind., where he studied 
law. In 1845, he established the ^aint Josfjih 
Vallei/ Ri-i/ister, an able Whig paper, at South 
Bend, which he continued until 18.')5. Mem- 
ber of the State Const. Conv. in 1S50, and op- 
posed the chiuse prohibiting free colored men 
from settling in that State ; delegate and sec. 
of the Whig national conventions of 1848 and 
1852; M. C. 1855-69, and speaker of the 
house in 186.3-9 ; became vicc-pres. 4 Mar. 1869. 
While in Congress, he made an eloquent speech 
ou the Kansas question, of which 500,000 
were circulated. During the civil war, he 
was the intimate frienil and adviser of Prcs. 
Lincoln. He was the most popular presiding 
officer of the house since Henry Clay. — See 
Lines of C'j.'fa c, III/ Mnore and Martin ; Grant 
and rjfax. 'bn C. A. Phelps. 

Colhoun, EcucND K., capt. U. S. X., b. 
Pa., Mav 6, 1S21. Mid^hipm. Apr. 1, 1839; 
lieat. 1861; com. Nov. 17, 1862; capt. 1869. 
During the Mexican war, he served at the at- 
tack on Alvarado and at Tabasco, but left the 
navy, June 27, 1853. Com. steamer " Hunch- 
back," X. .\. B. squad., at Roanoke Island, 
Feb. 7-8, 1862; capture of Newbern, March 
14, 1862; engagements on the Blackwater 
Biver, Oct. 1862; com. steamer " Ladon.n," 
1863, monitor " Weehawken," S. A. B. squad., 
in the different actions with the Charleston 
forts, July to Sept. 1863 ; com. monitor 
" Saugus," N. A. squad., 1864-5; engaged 
Howlett's battery on James Uiver, June 21 and 
Dec. 5, 1864; in both attacks on Fort Fisher; 
now (1870) commands iron-dad "Dictator," 
N. A squad. — Uaniersli/. 

Collamer, J.vcob, LL.D. (U. of Vt. 1849; 

D. C. 1857), jurist ami senator, b. Trov, X.Y., 
1792; d. Woodstock, Vt., 9 Nov. 1865! U. of 
Vt. 1810. His father removed to Burlington, 
Vt., where Jacob pursued his studies without 
any other pecuniary means than his own indus- 
try supplied. He served as a subaltern in 181 2, 
in the war with Eng. ; was adm. to the bar in 
1813 ; practised in the Counties of Orange and 
Windsor,with marked ability and success, until 
1833 ; was several years a member of the le:,'isl.; 
judge of the Sup' Court of Vt. in 133.3-42 ; 
M. C. 1843-9 ; U. S. postmastcr-gen. 1849- 
20 July. 1850 ; again judge Sup. Court of Vr., 
from S Nov. 1850, to Oct. 1854 ; and was U.S. 
senator from ilar. 1855, to his death. He was 
a logical reasoncr, and a man of remarkable 
industry. 

ColleS, CiiRisToPtiiiR, philosopher, b. Ire- 
land, ab. 1738; d. Xow York, 1821. Left an 
orphan at an early age, he was educated by I'o- 
cocke, afterward Bishop of Ossory, upon whose 
death, in 1765, he left Ireland, and in 1772 
lectured in Phila., upon pneumatics. The next 
year, he delivered in N'e»7 York a series of lec- 
tures on inland lock-navig;ition. In April, 
1774, he proposed to build a reservoir for X. Y. 
City. In 1775, he lectured on gunnery, and 
was employed as instructor to the artillery 
dept. of the army, until the arrival of Baroa 



Steuben in 1777. Colles was the first to sug- 
gest canals and improvements to connect Lake 
Ontario with the Hudson, and surveyed the 
Mohawk River as far as Wood Creek. The 
results of his labors were pub. by Samuel Lou- 
don in 1785. In 1808, Colles pub. a pamphlet 
on inland navigable conimunioatiuns. He next 
made a tour through Pa. and N. Y. ; and in 
1789 pub. a book of roads through X.Y. In 
1 796, he settled in N. Y. City, and manuf. band- 
boxes and paper-hangmgs, rat and mouse traps, 
Prussian blue and other pigments; and, by these 
and various other useful avocations, he barely 
maintained himself. His chemical skill pro- 
cured him an app. to test the specific gravity 
of imported liquors, and he also made proof- 
glasses. Finally, throngh his friend John 
Pintard, he received the app. of supt. of the 
Acad, of Fine .\rts. He was benevolent ; and 
bis long career was highly useful to his adopted 
country. During the War of 1812, he was the 
projector and attendant of the telegraph erected 
on Castle Clinton. He is said to have built the 
first steam-engine in Amer. — Appleton's New 
Amer. t'fid. 

Colleton, J.iMES, colonial gov. of S. C. 
from 1686 to 1690. He was a bro. of one of 
the proprietors ; was app. landgrave, and en- 
dowed with vast landed possessions. Assum- 
ing the govt, when disputes were rife concern- 
ing tenures of land and quit-rents, he procured 
aherations in the fundamental laws in 1687; 
declared martial law during a rebellion of the 
people, and was impeached by the assembly, 
and banished from the province. 

Collier, Sir George, a British adm. ; d 
6 Aj^r. 1795. Made capt. R N., 12jnly, 1762; 
commo. in N.Araer., 1779; adm. 1793. He cap- 
tured " The Hancock," Capt. Manly, in Apr. 
1777; in May, 1779, he destroyed the priuci- 
pal towns in the (^hesapeake; ravaged the coasts 
of Va. and Ct., destroying several armed ves- 
sels; assisted at the capture of Stony Point, on 
the Hudson, in June ; July 5, took part in the 
plundering exped. to X. Haven, and then 
sailed to the Penobscot, where he captured and 
destroyed the fleet of Com. Saltonstall. He 
was knighted for his services in Amer. Col- 
lier's Journal in "The Rainbow." 1776-9, was 
pub. by Ithiel Town, X.Y., 1835. 

Collier, Hexrt W.4.tkixs. jurist, b. Lu- 
nenburg Co., Va., Jan. 17. 1801; d. Bailcv's 
Springs, Ala., Aug. 28, 1855. Educated 'in 
Alibeville Dist., S.C. ; went to Ala. in 1818; 
adm. to the bar in 1821 ; began practice at 
Huntsville, and, in 1823, removed to Tuscaloo- 
sa ; judge of the Circuit Court of that dist. 
1827-37 ; chief-justice of Ala. in 1837-49 ; gov. 
1849-53. 

Collins, Ch.\rles, D.D. (Dick. Coll., Pa., 
1851), b. N. Yarmouth, Me., Apr. 17, 1813. 
Wesleyan U. 1837. Pres. of the Emorv and 
Heurv" Coll., Va., 1838-52, and of Dickinson 
Coll.,' Pa., from 1852 to 1860, of the State 
Female Coll., Tenn., 1860-6. Author of 
" -Methodism and Calvinism Compared." Con- 
trih. to Methodist journals of the U.S. 

Collins, IsA.vc, printer and bookseller, b. 
Del., Feb. 16, 1746; d. Burlington, X.J., .Mar. 
21, 1817 Charles, his father, was an cmig. 
from Bristol, Eng. Isaac learned the trade of 



COL 



208 



COL 



a printer, and at 21 went to Pliila., and in 
1770, to Burlington, N.J., having been app. 
printer to (jeorge III. He removed to Tren- 
ton in 1778, and pub. the first quarto Family 
Bible in the U.S. In 1796, he removed his 
family and business to N.Y., but returned to 
Burlington in ISO* He was .some years one 
of the govs, of the N.Y. Hospital. Several of 
his sons became prominent booksellers and 
publishers in N.Y. — See Mtinuir of Isaac Col- 
lins. 1848. 

Collins, .ToiiN, gov. of R.I., 1786-9, mem- 
ber of the CciMt. Congress from 1778 to 178.3 ; 
d. Newport, R.I., Mareh, 1795, a. 78. M. C. 
1789. lie was firstassist. in 1776, and in Ajir. 
1778, a fommissioner to settle the accounts of 
R.I. with Congress. 

Collins, John, gov. of Del., 1820, to his 
d., Apr. 1.'), \S2-2, at Wilmington. 

Collins, N.vi'Oi.EOK, conimo. U. S. N., b. 
Ta., May 4, 1814. Midshipman, Jan. 2, 1834; 
lieut. Nov. 6, 1846 ; com. July 16, 1862 ; ca])t. 
July 25, 1866; comrao.,Jan. 1871. Attached 
to sloop " Decatur," and present at Tuspau and 
Tabasco, Mexican war; comg. steamer "Ana- 
coslia," Potomac flotilla, in engagements at 
Acquia Creek, May 31 and June 1, 1861; 
eomg. gunboat "Unadilla" at battle of Port 
Royal, Nov. 7, 1861, and in various cxyjeds. on 
the coasts of S.C, Ga., and Fla., 1861-2 ; 
comg. steamer "Oetarora," VV.I. squad, 1863; 
steamer " VVachusett," special service, 1863-4. 
Oct. 7, 1864, lie seized the rebel steamer " Flor- 
ida," in the harbor of Bahia, Brazil. — Ham- 
ersli/. 

Collins, Thomas, gov. Del., 1786-9, b. 
1732; d. near Duck Creek, Kent Co., Del., 29 
Mar. 1789. High sheriff of Kent Co. ; 4 years 
a member of the council; brig.-gen. of militia, 
1776-83; member of the assembly, and chief- 
justice of C.C.P. 

Collins, Zacciikds, philanthropist, b. 
Pbila., Aug. 26, 1764; d. there June 12, 1831. 
Member of the Society of Friends ; an ardent 
promoter of the advancement of the natural 
sciences, and was an officer or member of many 
philosophical, humane, and religious societies. 

Collot, A. G., b. France, l796; settled in 
the US. Pub. " Complete Study of French," 
6 vols ; " French and English Dictionary," 
8vo, Phila., \SJ3. — A/ 1 ihonc. 

Collot, Gbn. Victor, pub. a map of De- 
troit in 1796, also " Voijage dans le Nord de 
rAnieiii/iic en 1796," an English trans, of 
which was pub. in 1826. 

CoUyer, Rev. Robert, pastor of Unity 
Church" Chicago, since Feb. 1859 ; b. Keighly, 
Yorkshire, Kng., 8 Dec. 1823. His youth wiis 
iiasscd in a factory and at the forge; but all his 
leisure was devoted to stuily. In 1847, he 
joined the Methodists, emigrated to the U.S. in 
May, 1 8.')0, and was a blacksmith and preacher 
at Shoemakerstown, Pa. ; but in Jan., having 
enihraced Unitarian views, he was brought up 
for heresy, and the conference refused to renew 
his license to preach. He is a simple, earnest, 
and cluipient preacherj a worker in all needed 
reforms, and a successful lecturer. Author of 
a Life of A. H. Conant, 1868. 

Colman, Benjamin, D.D. (U. of Glasg. 
1731), clergyman, b. Boston, 19 Oct. 1673 ; d. 



there 29 Aug. 1747. H. U. 1692. Son of 
\Vm., who came from Lond. ab. 1671. He 
began to preach in Medford in 1693, embarked 
for Eng. in July, 1695, but was captured by a 
privateer, and kept some time |)ris. in France ; 
then visited and preaclicd in Eng., gaining the 
friendship of Bates, Calamy, Howe, and other 
em. divines, and, returning to Boston in 1699, 
became pastor of the Brattle-st. Church, where 
he preached on the last Sunday of his life. 
This church was formed in opp. to the Cam- 
bridge platform ; and the other Boston church- 
es long refused to hold communion with it. 
Chosen pies, of H.U. in 1724, hut declined. 
A benefactor of Harv. and Yale Colleges ; was 
employed by the Gen. Court in important 
affairs; and was much esteemed as a pulpit 
orator. A coll. of his sermons was pub. in 
3 vols., 1 707-22. Author, also, of some poems, 
and a tract in favor of inoculation for the 
smallpox, 1721. His " Life" was pub. in 1749, 
by Rev. E. Turell, who m. his dau — N.E. H. 
and G. Reg. iii. 110. 

Colman, Henry, agric. writer and clergy- 
man, b. Boston, Sept. 12, 1785; d. Islington, 
Eng., Aug. 14, 1849. Danm. Coll. 1805. 
From 1807 to 1820, he was a Cong, minister 
at Ilingham, Ms., where he also taught school ; 
was a teacher in Boston in 1820-5, and, from 
Feb. 1825 to Dec. 1831, had charge of a Uni- 
tarian church in Salem, when ho left, in ill 
health. Engaging in agriculture at Deerfield, 
Ms., he was employed by the State, from 1836 
to 1842, to investigate its agric. condition and 
resources. In 1842, he visited Europe, in the 
employ of the Ms. Agiic. Soc, for a similar 
purpose, and pub. in 2 vols., 8vo, " European 
Agric. and Rural Economy," and " Agric. and 
Rural Economy of France, Belgium, Holland, 
and Switzerland," 8vo, 1848, the result of 6 
years' oliservation. lie also ))ub. " Report on 
Silk Culture," 1840, :\iid " Reports on the Agric. 
of Ms.," 1838-9; "Letters on European Life 
and Manners," 2 vols., 1849, and 2 vols, of ser- 
mons. Visiting Eng. again for his health in 
1849, he d. soon after his arrival. 

Colman, Samuel, landscape-painter, b. 
Portland, Me., 1832. Son of Samuel, book- 
seller and publisher of N.Y., and also dealer in 
engravings and pictures ; has painted, among 
other fine pictures, " Rock of Gibraltar," " Lake 
George " " Street Scene in Seville," " Conway 
Valley," " Harbor of Seville," and " Barges on 
the Hudson," " Hill of the Alhambra," and 
" Tower of the Giralda." His first picture 
was exhib. at the Acad, in 1850. He went 
abroad in 1860, studied and sketched in Anda- 
lusia and in Paris, and was made a member 
of the Acad, of Design in 1862. He is one of 
the most poetical of Anier. painters. 

Colquitt, Walter T., Democ. politician, 
b. Halitax Co., Va., Dec. 27, 1799; d. Macon, 
Ga., .May 7, 1855. Adm. to the bar in 1820; 
brig, -gen. of militia at the age of 21 ; in Dec. 
1826, app. a dist. judge; re-app. in 1829; a 
member of the State senate in 1834 and 1837 ; 
M.C. 1839-43; U.S. senator, 184.3-9. Hesup- 
ported the Polk aduiiiiistration in the contro- 
versy relative to Oregon, and, throughout the 
Mexican war, was prominent in np]io. to the 
Wiliuot Proviso, and was one ot the most 



cor. 



209 



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earnest speakers in the Nashville convention in 
1S.')0, in defence of the "ri^'hts." of the South. 
lie h:\J also been a Methoilist preacher, anil, 
even (luring the turmoil ut a most exciting po- 
litical career, was in the habit of officiating at 
the Jleihodist churclics. lie took an active 
part in public affairs, and was a ready speaker. 
— B,nrhan<l BarofGa. 

Colt, Sa.muel, inventor, b, Hartford Ct., 
July 19, 1814 ; c). thercjan. 10, ISG2, In July, 
18:i9, he ran away from home, and shipped, 
as a boy before-tlie-mast, on an East-India 
voyage. After his return, under the assumed 
name of Dr. Coult, he lectured on chemistry 
in the U.S. and Canada. The proceeds of 
these earnings were devote<l to the prosecution 
of his invention of the revolver, the first model 
of which, in 1 829, was of wood. In 1 83.i, when 
only 21, he took out his first patent for revolv- 
ing fire-arms, securing patents in Eng. and 
France ; and a eom])anv was formed at I'atter- 
son, N.J.. which suspen'deil in 1842. In 1837, 
during the I'loiida war, Colt's revolvers were 
first successfully used. During the Mexican 
war, a demand sprung up ; and Jlr. Colt com- 
menced their ninnuf at Hartford. Theexiraor- 
diniry emigration to Cal., and afterward to 
Australia, greatly increased the demand ; and 
he erected an armory of Portland stone, witli a 
CMiiacity for the manuf. of 1,U00 per day. A 
part <if the establishment is devoted to the 
manuf. of machinery for making these fire- 
arms elsewhere, which has already supplied a 
large jiortion of the machinery for the armory 
at Enfield. Eng., and the whole of that for the 
rins>ian Govt, armory at Tula. Various im- 
provements were patented alter the Mexican 
war; and it was adopted by the U.S. Govt, 
as a regular weapon for the army. The Cri- 
mean and Indian campaigns suggested. still 
further improvements in its construction, also 
sceurcil by patent, rendering the arm compar- 
atively perfect, and of superior efficiency. From 
ahnost all the govts, of Europe, he received 
orders of merit, medals, diplomas, and other 
tokens of their appreciation of his great inven- 
tion. Jlr. Colt also invented a submarine 
battery of great power and efficacy, and was 
one of the inventors of the submarine telcg. 
cable ; having laid, and operated with perfect 
success, in I84'J, such a cable from Coney Island 
and Fire Island to the city of N Y , and from 
the .Merchants' Exchange ro the mouth of the 
liarlior. He acquired an immense lortiinc. 

Colton,C.iLViN,LL.D. (Hob. Coll. 1852), 
cl'rgvMian and author, b. Longmeadow, Ms., 
1789'; d. S.ivaimah, Ga., March I'i, 18.i7. Y.C. 
1312. S^'ttlcd over the Presb. church at 
B.itavia, N.Y., 1815 ; he subsequently entered 
ih" ministry of the Pr.-Ep. church, but relin- 
qui.-hed preaching in 1826 from failure of 
his voice. Alter a long tour through the U.S., 
he went to Eng. in 1831, as corresp. of the 
iV.y. Olisetver. In 1848, ho wrote on political 
■ coonomv, of which seieneo ho was choson prof, 
in Trill' Coll , Hartford, in' 1 852. From 1842 
to 1844, ho edited the True llVi/r/ in Washing- 
Jon. He pub. in Eng. " A Manual for Emi- 
grants to Amor.," and the " History and Char- 
acter of Amer. Kcvivals of Heligion," 1832; 
" The Americans, by an Amer. in London," 
H 



1833; "Amor. Cottager," "A Tour of the 
Lakes," 1833 ; "C^hurch and State in Amer.," 
"Protestant Jesuitism," 1836; "Abolition a 
Sedition," and " Abolition and Colonization 
Contrasted," 1838; "A Voice from, Amer. to 
Eug.," 1839; "The Crisis of the Country," 
"Amer. Jacobinism," and "One Presidential 
Term," 1840; "Junius," a series of tracts, 
1843-4; "Life mid Time of Ilciirv Clav," 
1840; "Four Years in Great Biitaiu," I8.35; 
" Thoughts on the Kcligious State of the 
Couiitrv," " The Genius ami Mission of the Ep. 
Church' in the U.S." 1853 ; " The Kights of La- 
bor," 1844 ; " " Public Economv of the U.S.," 
8vo, 1848 ; " Private Corresp. of Henry Clay," 
8vo, 1855 ; " Last Seven Years of the Life of 
Henry Clay," 8vo, 1856; " Speeches of Henry 
Clay,"" 2 vols., 8vo, 1857. 

Colton, George Hooker, author, b. 
Westford, N.Y., Oct. 27, 1818; d. \ Y. Citv, 
Dec 1,1847. Y.C. 1840. SonofCalvin. lie 
immediately after grad. engaged as a teacher 
in Hartford, where he wrote the poem of" Te- 
cumseh ; or, Tlie West 30 Years Since," pub. 
1842. He delivered a course of lectures on the 
Amer. Indians in 1842-3, and a jjoem before 
the Phi Beta Kappa Society, Y. C, 1844, and 
in 1845 started the American Wliiij lieiitw in 
N.Y'., which he conducted till his death. — Dui/c- 
kincl:. 

Colton, Walter, author, bro. of Calvin, 
b. Hutland, Vt., Mav 9, 1797; d. Phila., Jan. 
22. I8.")l. Y.C. 1822. After teaching school, 
and studying theology at Andover, he became, 
in 1825, jirof. of moral philos. and belles-let- 
tres at Middlctown Acad., Ct. In 1828, he 
was editing a Whig paper in Washington, but, 
becoming a favorite with Pres. Jacksim, was 
app. chaplain in the navy. In 1831, he sailed 
to the W.Indies in "The Vinccnnes ; " in 
1832-5 in " The Constellation," to the Mediter- 
ranean, and iu 1838 was assigned to Phila., 
where, iu 1841-2, he was principal editor of the 
yort/t Amt'riain, and pub. a pamphlet, entitled 
".The Bible in the Public Schools." July 28, 
1846, ho was made by Com. Stockton alcalde 
of Monterey, Cal,, also officiating there as 
judge of admiralty during the Mexican w.ar, 
and established the first newspaper in Cal. 
He returned to Phila. in 1849. Among his 
works are " Ship and Shore," 1835 ; " Con- 
stantinople and Athens," 1836; "Deck and 
Port," 1850; "Three Years in Cjilifornia," 
18.50 ; " Land and Sea," 1851 ; " The Sea and 
the Sailor," " Notes on France and Italy," and 
other literarv remains, wiUi a memoir by 
Rev, II T. Cheever, 12mo, 1851. 

Columbus, Bartholomew, a younger 
bro, to Christopher, b, Genoa, ab. 1436; d. 1514. 
He displayed great ingenuity in drawing 
spheres and sea-charts at Lisbon in 1470. Ab. 
1486, he visited the Cape of Good Hope, prob- 
ably with Barthelemi Diaz. Queen Isabella 
sent him, in com. of 3 store-ships, to the new 
colony of Ilispaniola, where Christopher re- 
ceived him with joy, and a])p. him iidthinUulo, 
or lieut.-gov. of the Indies. In this position, 
he showed great bravery and decision. The 
Si)anish monarchs confirmed his title, and ^rave 
him the lordship of the small Island of .\Iona, 
near St. Domingo, with 200 Indians as his 



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personal hocly-guaril. Bartholomew shared tlie 
honors and danu'ers of his l>rother's discoveries; 
liccaine very wealthy, and was the founder of 
tile town of St. Domingo. 

Columbus, Christopher, discoverer of 
America, li. at Cos;erio, 20 miles west of Genoa, 
111). I4.3.i; d. Valladolid, Spain, May 20, 1506. 
He was the eldest son of Domcnico Colombo, 
a cloth-weaver; though his ancestors followed 
the sea. Sent at the age of 10 to the U. of 
Pavia, he studied cosmography, history, phi- 
losophy, and other sciences having a bearing on 
navigation. Entering the Genoese marine in 
1449-50, he continued in it 20 years. In an 
action wiih the Venetians, his vessel took fire, 
and he saved himself hy swimming ashore, 
whence he went to Lisbon, where he staid until 
1484, supporting himself by drawing charts in 
conjunction with his brother, and making occa- 
sional voyages to Madeira, the Canaries, 
Azores, and the Portuguese settlements in Af- 
rica. While at Lisbon, he m. Felipa, dau. of 
Bartolomeo di PalestrcUo, a disting. Italian 
navigator. In 1477, he made a voyage to the 
N. \V., 100 leagues beyond Ireland, into lat. 
73°. Columbus had by this time matured his 
views ; namely, that the earth was spherical, 
that Asia extended to the parallel now- 
known as 180° E. from Greenwich, that a navi- 
gable ocean only intervem'd, and that not more 
than J of the earth's cin iimference separated 
Europe and Asia. Ho applied for aid in find- 
ing this western route to India, fir.>t to the re- 
public of Genoa, and, subsequently, to either 
Alfonso v., or John II. of Portugal. The lat- 
ter referred it to his council, who reported 
.against it. Hopeless of success in Portugal, he 
set out, in 1484, with his son Diego, for Spain. 
Stopping at a convent near Palos to beg some 
bread for Ids boy, heacquired the friendship of 
the superior, Juan Perez de Marchcna, with 
whom ho remained till the spring of 1486. 
While awaiting the result of his application to 
i'erdinaiid and Isabella, Colnmbns scn-ed in 
the war against the Moors of Granada. Ee- 
.ceiving an unfavorable reply in 1491, be next 
applied to Charles VIII. of France. Finally, 
with the aid of the Spanish sovereigns, .3 small 
ships were fitted out at Palos, and sailed, Aug. 
.3, 1492. At 2 o'clock, a.m., of Friday, Oct. 
1 2, 1 492, after having been 71 days at sea, "The 
Pinta" fired a gun, the signal for land. This 
land he toek possession of in the name of the 
crown of Castile, and named the Island San 
Salvador. He also discovered others of the 
W.I. Islands, and built on the Bay of Caracola 
a fort with the timbers of " The Santa Maria," 
and, leaving in it 39 men, sailed, Jan. 4, 1493, 
for Spain; taking with him several of the natives. 
He was well received by the king and queen, 
confirmed in all the dignities previously be- 
.-lowed, and giver. l".;t command of 17 ships 
anil L.-iOi) men tc prosecute the discovery. 
Willi this fleet, he sailed from Cadiz. Sept. 25, 
1493; discovered the Windward Islands, .la- 
inaica, and Porto Itico, and founded a colony 
in ilispaniola, of which he left his brother Bar- 
tholomew lieut.-gov., and reached Cadiz June 
II, 1496. He succeeded in clearing himself 
of :lie charges and clamor raised against him 
Vi) the advcnturei-s who had accoinp. hiiu in 



the expedition of finding gold, and May 30, 
1498, sailed on his 3d voyage with 6 ships. He 
discovered the mouth of the Orinoco, then re- 
visited Hispaniola to recruit his enfeebled 
health, and again became the victim of malice 
and misrepresentation. A commissioner sent 
from Spain to inquire into the trouble put Co- 
lumbus and his bro. in chains, and sent them to 
Spain. The officers of the ship offering to 
liberate him from his fetters, he rejdied proudly, 
"I will wear them as a memento of the grati- 
tude of princes." The indignation expressed 
throughout Spain at this outrage caused the 
king to disclaim having authorized it ; but ilie 
nobles were jealous of his superior rank, and 
the king dissatisfied witli the small profits of 
the enterprise. The only subsequent em|)loy- 
raent Cohmibus received was the command of 
4 caravels, with 150 men, to search' for a passage 
through the sea, now the (Julfof Mexico. He left 
Cadiz, May 9, 1502; coasted the south side of ilie 
Gulf (if Mexico, and, after much suffering from 
hardship and famine, reached San Lnc.ir, Nov. 
7, 1504, where he lay sick some months, and, 
upon recovery, had his claims for redress fin. illy 
rejected by the king. At the age of 70, infirm 
in body, but in full possession of his mental 
fiiculties, having, in his own words, " No place 
to repair to, except an inn, and often with 
nothing to pay for his sustenance," the dis- 
coverer of the New World died. The tomb over 
his remains bears this inscri|)iion, " To Castile 
and Leon, a new world gave Gdon." His re- 
mains, taken in 1536 to St. Domingo, were, 
in 1796, conveyed with great pomp to the 
Cathedral of Havana, where they now repose. 
His son Diego sued the king in the high 
conned of the Indies, and, recovering the 
viceroyalty of Hispaniola, m. Muria, niece of 
the Duke of Alva. Their eldest son, Luis, 
became Duke of Veragua, JIarquis of Ja- 
maica. — See Life and Voi/iii/es, hi/ Irving. 

Colver, KeV. NAxnANiEL, D.D., Baptist 
clergyman, b. Orwell, Vt., May, 1794 ; d. Chi- 
cago," Sept. 25, 1S70. He had a limited edu- 
cation, was a vol. in the War of 1312, and 
was by trade a tanner. Ho began his ministry 
at Union Village, N.Y., in 1836, and was set- 
tled successively in Boston (1S43), Detroit, 
Cincinnati, and Chicago (1860). He was emi- 
nent as an antimason and an abolitionist, was 
an aide preacher, and had great ])owcr with 
the masses. After the war, he founded, and 
put in successful operation at Hichmond, the 
" Colver Institute," for educating' young men 
of color for the miiiistrv. Author of ihrce 
lectures on Odd Fellowsh'ip. 1844. 

Colville, Alkxaxuijr. lord, made an 
adni in 1762, and com. in N. Amer. ; retook 
Newfoundland; d. 1779. 

Colvoeoresses, George M., capt 
U.S.X.. U. Greece. App. fioui Vt. midshipm 
Feb. 21, 1832 ; com. July 1, 1861 ; capt. and re- 
tired, 1867. Attached to Wilkes's expl. cxjied. 
1838-42; as 1st lieut., participated in capture 
of the barrier forts. Canton, China ; com. store- 
ship "Supply," 1861-3, anil captured "The 
Stephen Hart," loaded with arms and am- 
munition for ihe rebels ; com. " Saratoga," 
S.A.B. squad., 1864, and received thanks of 
the adm. and of the navy dept. for merit, ser- 



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211 



coisr 



Wees : com sloop " St. Mary's," Pacific squad., 
180.")-f). — Ilama-.-ili/. 

Colwell, Stephen, author, b. Brooke 
Co., Va., Mar. 2.i, 18iW. Jeff. Coll., Pa., 1819. 
Ailui. to the bar in Va , 1821 ; practised some 
time ill Piitsliur^'. hut has been many years an 
iron-merchant in Phila. Author of " Xcw 
Themes for the Protestant Clergy," &c., 
13.il ; "Politics for Ainer. Christians," 18.52 ; 
" Religious Instniction in Public Schools, "&c., 
1854 ; " The Ways and Means of Commercial 
Payment," &c., 1858 ; and a number of pam- 
phlets on politics, banking, and polit. economv. 
Die.i Phila. 15 Jan. IS7 1 —AfliUme. 

Combe, George, a Scottish phrenologist, 
b. near Edinburgh, Oct. 21, 1788; d. Moor 
Park, Surrey, Eng., Aug. U, 1858. He was 
bred to the hgal profession, but in 1816, with 
his bro. Andrew, devoted himself to the ])ropa- 
gation of the science of phrenology as writer 
and lecturer. In 18.38-4D, accomp. by his 
wife, he visited the U.S., and deiivered 158 
lectures in various parts of the country. He 
pub. many works on phrenology and educa- 
tion, and also " Notes on the U.S. of Ameri- 
ca," 3 vols., 1841. 

Combs, Leslie, lawyer and politician, b. 
Ky., 1794. His father, a Virginian, was a 
Revol. officer, and a hunter of Ky. Leslie, 
the youngest of 12 children, joined the army 
in 1812 ; was disting. for energy and bravery ; 
com. a company of scouts ; was wounded near 
Fort Meigs, and narrowly escaped death. He 
afterward practised law, took part in politics 
as a personal friend and supporter of Henry 
Clay, and w.is a fluent, eloquent, and effective 
speaker. In 1836, he raised a rcgt. for the 
iouth-western frontier at the time of the revol. 
in Texas. A gen. of militia, and resides in 
Lexington, Ky. 

Comegys, Cobxelujs G., M D., b. Del. 
Prof ot Institutes of Medicine in Miami 
Coll., O. Author of " A History of Medi- 
;ine," 8vo, Cincin., 1856. 

Comer, Thom.^s, actor and musician, b. 
Bath, Eng., Dec. 19, 1790; d. Boston, July 
!7, 1862. Ho played at Covent Garden and 
Drnry Lane; came to this country in 1827, 
md was successively musical director at the 
freinont Theatre, Museum, and Boston Thea- 
:re. He excelled in eccentric parts and in 
Irish personations, and was skilled in musi- 
:al composition. 

Comly, Jony, a Friend, author of some 
jopular school text-books, b. Pa. ; d. Bylierry, 
?d.. Aug. 1 7, 1850, a. 76. — See Journal of the 
Uf- and Reli'finiis Laliors of John Com!i/ of By- 
i«nv/, /)'/'). I,,/ liiii children. 'Sm. Ph!h., 18.53. 

Comonfort, Ygxacio, pres. of Mexico, 
855-8. b. Puehia, March 12, 1812; murdered 
STov. 13, 1863. He entered the .Jesuit Coll. in 
,826, became a capt. of cav, in 1832, and es- 
)oused the liberal cause. In 1834, he was made 
)refect and military gov. of the dist. of Tlapa ; 
n 1842, he was elected to Congress, and re- 
■lectcil in 1846. In the revol. of Aug. 1846, 
Domonfort took a conspicuous part. App. 3d 
ilcalde of the capital, and afterward [irefect 
)f Western Mexico, he relinquished these posi- 
ions to engage in the war with the U.S., at 
he close of which he was summone I to the 



Congress of Queretaro. He was then chosen 
senator of Puebia, and served until l«51. In 
1852-3, he represented in Congress the newly, 
created State of Guerrero, and acted as custom- 
house director of Acapulco and other places, 
until Santa Ana's return, when he was dismiss- 
ed from office. He now joined Alvarez, raised 
the stamlard of revol., proclaimed the plan 
of Ayuila, March 11, 1854, visited N.Y., and 
raised funds there to carry on the war, finally 
compelling .Santa Ana, in 1855, to abdicate. 
Alvarez resigned the supreme power to Comon- 
fort, Dec. 11, 1855. He soon met with strenuous 
opposition from the clergy, the army, and the 
large body of the conservative party. An in- 
surrection broke out at the capital, resulting, 
after a bloody struggle, in the elevation of 
Juarez; and Comontort, in Feb. 1858, came to 
the U.S. He soon went to France, hut, on the 
first movement of the Fr.'nch for the invasion 
of .Mexico, returned thither, and offered his 
services to Juarez, who made him com. in 
chief He was murdered by banditti while oa 
his way to San Luis Potosi'. 

Comstoek, Adam, a Revol. officer; d. 
Saratoga Co., N.Y., Apr. 10, 1819, a. 79. 
Formed by nature for a soldier, he early en- 
gaL'cd in the Revol. conflict, and was lieut.-col. 
of Lippits's R.I. Regt. Enjoying the confi- 
dence of Washington, he was soon promoted 
to a colonelcy ; was the " officer of the day " 
at the victory of Red Bank, and alternately 
com. with Col. Saml. Smith in the gallant af- 
fair of JIuJ Fort. After the war, he settled in 
Saratoga, N.Y. ; filled v.arious judicial offices, 
serving near 20 years in the legisl. and the 
council. 

Comstoek, AxDREw, M.D., prof, of elo- 
cution, and lecturer on oratary, b. N.Y., 1795. 
Author of a " New System of Phonetics," 
" Phonetic Speaker," "Testament," " Reader," 
" Historia Sacra." and " Homer's Iliad," " El- 
ocution," 16th ed., 1854. 

Comstoek, John Lee, physician and au- 
thor, b. East Lyme, Ct., 1789; d. Hartford, 
Ct.,Xov. 21, 1858. He was self educated; wasa 
surgeon in the army during the War of 1812-15, 
and afterwards resided in Hartford. He pre- 
pared for the use of schools, text-books on chem- 
istry, natural history, botany, physical geogra- 
phy, physiology, and mineralogy ; a " History 
of Gold and Silver ; " " History of the Greek 
Revolution," 1829; and " Cabitiet of Curiosi- 
ties." His " Natural Philosophy " became a 
standard book ; and Its sale, which was not con- 
fined to this country, reached nearly a million 
co])ies. He possessed great mechanical skill, 
constructed most of his apparatus himself, 
and, being a skilful draughtsman, made the 
drawings for most of the illustrations of his 
works. 

Conant, H.^nnah O'Brien Cuapliv, dau. 
of Rev. Jeremiah Chaplin, b. Dnnvers, Ms., 
I8I2: d. Brooklvn, N.Y., Feb. 18, 1865; m. 
Dr. T. J. Conant in 1832. In 1838, she began 
editing the Mother's Monthl:/ Journal, and was 
a constant contrib. to the periodical press. By 
her knowledge of Oriental languages, she ren- 
dered great service to her husband in tlie prep- 
aration of the new version of the .Scripmres. 
Author of a number of works, original and 



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translated, among them, "Lea; or, Tlie Bap- 
tism in .lurilan," by Strauss, 1844 ; translations 
ot'Neander's Commentaries on the Epistles of 
Jolin ami James, and tiie Epistle of Paul to the 
riiilippians, 1850-52; the " Earnest Man," a 
hin:;. sketeh of Dr. Judson, 1855 ; a " Pojiiilar 
History of English Bible Translation," 1856; 
anil the "New-England Theoeracy," 1857, a 
translation from the German ; " The History 
of the Engli.-h Bible," 1859. 

Conant, 1;<)Gi:i!, an early settler in Ms.,b. 
Budleigh, Devonshire, Eng., April, 159.!; d. 
Beverly, Ms., Nov. 19, 1679. He came to 
Plymouth in 162.3; removed to Nantasket in 
1025, and thence, in the autumn, to Cape Ann, 
charged by the adventurers in Eng. with the 
care of that settlement. He founded Salem, 
where, in 1626, he built the first house, lie 
was a representative at the first court in 1634; 
in 1637, ho was a justice of the Quarterly Conrt 
in what was afterward known as Essex Co. 
He organized the first Puritan church at Cape 
Ann. In 1640, his son Roger, "being the 
first-born child in Salem," received from the 
town a grant of 40 acres of land. — See Notice 
of Conant, bi/ J. B. Felt, in Geneal. Reg., ii., 233, 
529. 

Conant, Thomas J.,D.D., Orientalist and 
biblical scholar, b. Brandon, Vl., Dec. 13, 
1802. Midd. Coll. 1823. After a brief tutor- 
ship at Col. Coll., D.C., he was made prof, of 
languages in Wat. Coll., Me., which he resigned 
in 1833. In 1835, he was made prof of bibli- 
cal literature and criticism in the theol. sem. at 
Hamilton, N. Y., and in 1850, he assumed a 
similar office in Rochester Sem., which he re- 
signed ab. 1859. While prof, at Hamilton, he 
visited Europe, spending 2 years at Halle and 
Berlin. He has beeo long engaged in the prep- 
aration of an im|)ruved popular ver.^ion ol the 
Scriptures. His first elaborate jiroduction, writ- 
ten while at Middlcbury, was an essay on the 
laws of translation. In 1839, he translated 
" Gesenius's Hebrew Grammar." He pub. a 
version of the " Book of Job " in 1857. 

Concanen, Luke, O. P., first R. C. bishop 
of N. Y. ; eonsec. Apr. 24, 1808; d. 1810. 

Concha, Jose, JIahquis dh la HabaSa, 
capt.-gen. of Cuba, b. Buenos Ayres, 1800. 
Took part in the struggle in S A., and against 
Don Carlos; was a))p. lieut.-gen. in 1839, and- 
was capt.-gen. of the Basque provinces from 
1843 to 1846. Placed at the bead of the Span- 
i-^h cavalry, he was capt.-gen. of Cuba from 
1849 to 1852, when he was removed, after the 
attempt of Lopez, and replaced by Caiiedo. 
Joining his bro. in opposing the govt., he was 
banished from Spain in June, 1854. After the 
revol. of July, 1854, he was re-app. capt.-gen. 
of Cuba, and, with the exception of a short jje- 
riod in 1856, held the office until Dec. 1858. 
Minister of war, 1863 ; pros. Spanish senate, 
1864; app. nominal ])rime-minister by the 
queen just after the revol. broke out in Spain 
in Sept. 1868. 

Condamine, Charles Marie de la, 
a I-'rcnch mathematician and geographer, b. 
Paris, Jan. 28, 1701 ; d. there Feb. 4, 1774. 
Educated at the U. of Paris, he abandoned the 
nniiiary career, in which he was disting., and, 
joining an exploring exped., visited Troas, Cy- 



prus, Jeru.salem, and Constantinople. In 1735, 
the Acad, of Sciences sent him to Peru to 
measure an arc of the meridian. He returned 
to France in 1743, and prepared accounts of the 
voyage, travels, and labors of the commission. 
His " Voyage up tlie Amazon," and " Travels 
in S. America," a])pcarcd in 1745, and " The 
Figure of the Earth," in 1749. In 1748, he 
was made a fellow of the Roy. >oc. of Loud., 
and in 1760 a member of the Acad, of Sciences 
in Paris. 

Condict, John, senator, b. 1755; d. Or- 
ange, N.J., May 4, 1834. He was a soldier and 
surgeon in the Revol. army ; was several years 
a member of the N.J. legisl.; M. C. from"l799 
to 1803 and 1819-20; and U. S. senator from 
1803 to \»\1. — Lniiman. 

Condict, Lewis, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1794), 
politician, b. Morristown, N.J., Mar. 1773 ; d. 
there May 26, 1862. lie was high-sheriflF of 
Morris Co. before 1800 ; member of the State 
legisl. from 1805 to 1810, officiating as speaker 
two terms; one of the commissioners for set- 
tling the boundary between N. Y. and N. J. ; 
and M. C. in 1811-17 and 1821-.33. 

Condict, Silas, member of the State le- 
gisl., M. C. 1831-3, member of the State Const. 
Conv. of 1844, inanv vears pres. of the Newark 
Banking Co. b. N.'j!, 1777 ; d. Newark, N.J., 
Nov. 29, 1861. N. J. Coll. 1795. SiUw, his 
father, was a delegate to the Old Congress in 
1781-4. 

Condie, D. Francis, M.D. (U. of Pa. 
1818), b. Phila., May 12, 1796. Has pub. 
"An Abridgment of Thomas's Practice," 1817 ; 
" Course of Examination for Med. Students," 
1824 ; " Catechism of Health," 1831 ; " Trea- 
tise on Eiiidemie Cholera," in .conjunction 
with Dr. John Bell, 1832 ; " Diseases of Chil- 
dren," 4th ed., 8vo, 1854. Editor of Church- 
ill's " Diseases of Women." Contrib. to 
" Cyclopaedia of Practical Medicine," Phila., 
1834, and to numerous medical journals. — 
Allihone. 

Condorcanqui, Joseph Gabriel, an 
American Spaniard, who, having been ill-treat- 
ed by a magistrate of Lima, attempted the re- 
dress of his own grievances, and the ojipres- 
sions of the Indians, by exciting an insurrec- 
tion in 1780. He was an artful and intrepid 
man, and, to conciliate the Indians, assumed the 
name of the luca Tupae-Ainarn, professing a 
design to restore the ancient dynasty of Peru, 
— a project which had been entertained by 
Raleigh. His plan was at first successful ; 
and,afteraeontestof 3years,he was hailed inca 
of Peru. Having become obnoxious to the 
Spanish settlers, troops were sent against him ; 
and, the efforts of the Indians proving too fee- 
ble and desultory, he was deserted by his fol- 
lowers, taken, and cruelly put to death. — 
ILunlMt. 

Cone, Spencer HononTON, D.D. (B.U. 
1842), a Baptist clergyman, b. Princeton, N.J., 
Apr. 30, 1785; d. N.Y., Aug. 29, 1855. At 
the age of 14, he was obliged to leave N. J. 
Coll., and assist, by teaching, in the sujiport of 
his widowed mother and family. Becoming 
an actor, he played 7 years with great success, 
principally in Phila. Abandoning the stage 
in Dec. 1812, he connected himself with the 



CON 



213 



CON- 



Bullimure American, and afterwards with the 
Baltimore Wiiiij. IIu was present, in com. of a 
company of vols, from Biiliimorc, at Bladens- 
burf; and Fort McIIenry, and afterwards be- 
came a clerk in the ircasnry dept. at Washing- 
ton. Ord. a Baptist minister in 181.5, he be- 
came, a few weelcs afterwards, chaplain to 
Congress; was pastor of the Baptist Church 
in Alexandria, I). C, from 1816 nntil Mav 
1823 ; of the Uliver-st. Chnrcli, N.Y. City, for 
18 vcars ; and of the First Baptist Chnrch,"lrom 
1841 until his death. In 18.36-+9, Dr. Cone 
was pres. of the Bible Society. He was one 
of the most popular I'ulpit orators in the U.S. 
He was a leadin^' member of the Baptist gen- 
eral Convention of the U.S. till he became its 
prcs. in 1832 ; was foremost in directing the 
measures of the Societies of Home and Foreign 
Missions ; and was one of the authors of a tract 
in 1850, calling for a new translation of the 
Bible more definitely in accordance with Bap- 
tist views — SfK Memoir, hi/liis Sons, N. Y.,\ 856. 

Conkling, Alfred, jurist, b. E. Hamp- 
ton, N.Y., Oct. 12, 1789. Un. Coll. 1810. 
Adm. to the bar in 1812 ; dist.-atty. for Mont- 
gomery Co., two or three years ; M.C. 1821-3 ; 
settled in Albany ; app. U.S. dist. judge of 
the northern dist. of N.Y. ; minister to Mexi- 
co in 1852, and, on his return, settled at Gene- 
see, N.Y. Author of " Conliling's Treatise," 
"Conkling's Admiralty," 1857; "The Pow- 
ers of the Executive Departments of the U.S.," 
1867 ; " Young Citizen's Manual." Two of 
his <ons are members of Congress. 

Conkling, Rosooe, lawyer and senator, 
son of Allied, h. Albany, 1829. Received agood 
education, and adopted the profession of law ; 
settled in Utica in 1846, of which place he 
was mavor in 1858 ; app. dist.-attv. of Oneida 
Co, in "1849; M. C. 1859-63; U". S. senator, 
since 1807. Disting. as a debater. 

Conner, David, commo. U.S.N., h. H.ir- 
risbnrg. Pa., 1792; d. Phila, Mar. 20, 1856. 
llceutercd a counting-house in Phila. in 1806, 
and, in a voyage to the W. Indies, develo])ed 
an inclination for the sea. Midshipman, Jan. 
16, 1809, and, as acting lient., took part in the 
action between " The Hornet " and " Peacock," 
Feb. 24, 1813. Charged with the duty of re- 
moving the prisoners, Lieut. Conner was among 
the last to leave the sinking vessel. July 24, 
1813, he became a lieut., and remained in " The 
Hornet" under Capt. Biddle. In the action 
with "The I'enguin," Mar. 23, 1815, he was 
dangerously wounded, and, for his gallantry, 
was ])resented with a medal by Congress ; and 
the legisl. of Pa. unanimously voted him a 
sword. Mar. 3, 1825, he was piomoted to the 
rank of com., and Mar. 3, 1835, to that of capt. 
Com.thestjuadron on thcW. India station, just 
before the commencement of hostilities with 
Mexico, he was much commended by govt, for 
the manner in which he performed his duties. 
Hee^tal)!ished an ellicicnt blockade of the Mex- 
ican ports on the gulf. Nov. 14, 1846, the port 
i)f Tampico was captured. Mar. 9, 1 847, he di- 
rected the landing of the army of Gen. Scctt, 
at Vera Cruz, but was soon after compelled, by 
the fiihne of his health, to return home. 

Conner, S.v.mi'el Shep.\rd, b. N.H. ; d. 
Covington, Kv., 17 Dec. 1820. Y. C. 1806. 



App. maj. 21st Inf., Mar. 12, 1812; aide-de- 
camp to 'Gen. Dearborn, 1813; lieut. -col. 13th 
Inf., Mar. 1813 to July 1814; M. C. from 
Ms., 1815-17; survevor-gen. in 0., 1819. — 
Gardner. 

Conolly, John, physician and adventurer, 
b. Lancaster Co., i'a. He resided at Pittsburg, 
and was a business corrcsp. of Washington's, 
who pronounced him, " A very .sensible, intelli- 
gent man." He was seized and imprisoned, 
while at the head of an armed party, in 1774 
by the authorities of Pa., with whom he had 
a bitter controversy respecting land at liie 
Falls of the Ohio, granted him by Lord Dun- 
more. In 1775, he was authorized by Dun- 
moi'e to raise and com. a regt. of loyalists and 
Indians, to be called the " Loyal Foresters." 
While on his way to execute this design, he 
was taken, and held prisoner till near the end 
of the war. Ab. 1788, he and other disaffect- 
ed persons held conferences at Detroit, with 
prominent citizens of the West, as to the sciz.- 
ure of N. Orleans, and the forcible control of 
the navigation of the M\n. The attention of 
Washington was attracted to the subject; and 
measures were taken to counteract the plot. — 
Sahine. 

Connolly, Jonx, R. C. bishop of N.Y., 
con.ee. Nov. 16, 1814 ; d. N.Y. Feb. 6, 1825. 
Connor, Henrv W., M. C. 1821-41, b. 

Prince Ueorge Co., Va., Ang. 1793 ; d. N.C, 
Jan. 15, 1866. U. of S. C. 1812. Aide to Gen. 
Graham in the Creek war of 1814 ; niember 
of the assembly in 1848. 

Conover, Tnojus A., com. U. S. N., b. 
N.J., 1794 ; d. S. Amboy, N.J., Sept. 24, 1864. 
Midshipm. Jan. 1, 1812; lient. Mar. 5, 1817 ; 
com. Feb. 28, 1838 ; capt. Oct. 2, 1848. His 
first cruise was in " The Essex," Com. Porter. 
He was in Macdonough's fleet in the victory 
on Lake Champlain, Sept. II, 1814. Com. the 
African squadron in 1857-9, and was made 
commo. on the retired list, July 16, 1862. 

Conrad, Cii.miles JI., statesman, h. Win- 
chester, Va., ab. 1804. While an infant, he 
was taken by his father to Mpi., and thence to 
La., where he has since I'esidcd. Adm. to the 
N. O. bar in 1828; served some years in the 
State legisl. ; U.S.senator in 1842-3 ; memlier 
of the State Const. Conv. in 1844 ; M.C. from 
1849 to Aug. 1850; sec. of war under Pres. 
Fillmore from Aug. 15, 1850, to Mar. 7, 1853 ; 
served as a brig.-gen. in the rebel army ; mem- 
ber Confed. Congress, 1862-4. 

Coni*ad, Rouert T., lawyer, politician, 
and man of letters, b' Phila., June 10, 1810; 
d. there June 27, 1858. Son of John, pnbli.>lier 
and bookseller of Phila. Educated for the bar, 
his tastes led him to literature. Before he was 
21, he wrote a tragedy, (Jonrudin, ami in 1832 
pub. the Ilailij Commerrial Intelliijencer, which 
was merged into ihePAiVa. (ia-elte. Abandon- 
ing this occupation from ill health, in 1834, he 
returned to thcluv; became recorder of the 
Northern Liberties, and, in 1838, judge of the 
criminal sessions for the city and county of 
Phila. When the latter court was dissolved, ho 
resumed the |)en, edited (iraliam's Maijazinc, and 
became asso. editor of the North American. 
Upon the consolidation of the districts with the 
city, he was elected mayor by the Whig and 



CON- 



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American parties. In 1856, he was app. to the 
beiieh of the Quarter Sessions, scrvinj; in that 
capacity till the fall of 1857. In literature, he 
is best kno"U by the tragedy of " Aylinere," 
|iurthased by Mr. Forrest, ami in which that 
actor sustains the part of "'Jack Caile." In 
1852, Jinl;;e Conraii pub. a vol. entitled 
" Aylmcre and Other Pueins," the principal 
of wliicii arc " The Sons of the Wilderness," 
ami a scries of sonnets on the Lord's Prayer. 
JucIl'C C. was also celebrated as a popular 
political speaker. 

Conrad, Timothy Abbott, naturalist, 
b. X.J., 1803. Member Imperial Soc. of Nat. 
Hi^t. of Moscow. Ha>, pub. " Fossil Shells of 
the Tertian Formations of the U.S.," 18.32; 
" Xew Fresh Water Shells of the U.S.," 18.36 ; 
" Miocene Shells of the U.S.," 1838 ; " Paleon- 
tologv of Lvneh's Palestine E.xp." in Jour. Acad. 
Nat. 'Sci., Phil. : of " The Pacific R. R. Survey 
inCal.," 1854; of " The Mex. Boundary Sur- 
vey," 1854, and in "N.Y. State Ann. Report," 
1840; " Monojrraphv of the Urionidae of the 
U.S." 1836; N.Y. "Geological Report, 1837, 
and '■ New Fresh Water Shells and Fossils of 
the U.S." in SiHimaii's .lour. — AlUhone. 

Contee, Bex.jamix. D.D., Prot.-Epis. 
cler-yman; d. Charles Co., Md., N'ov. 3, 1815, 
a. 60". An officer in the 3d JId. batt. in 1776 ; 
a delegate to the Old Congress, 1787-8 ; M.C. 
1789-91; chief judge of the County Tes- 
tamentary Court. 

Converse, Ch.\rle3 Crozat (Karl 
Kedcn. E. C. Kevons, and C. O. Nevers, noms 
da filnmi-]; b. Warren, Ms., 1834; grad. in 
music, Lcipsic, 1857, and in law, 1861. Author 
of " Spring and Holiday," a cantata, 1855; 
" New Method for the Guitar," 1855 ; " Musi- 
cal Bouquet," 1859; a cantata, the 126th 
Psalm, 1860; "Sweet Singer," 1863; 
" Church Singer," 1863 ; " Sayings of Sages," 
18G3. — AUiiione. 

Conway, Thomas, Count de, gen. in 
the Kuv,>l. army, b. Ireland, Feb. 27, 1733; 
d. ab. 1800. Taken to France when 6 years 
old, lie was educated there, attained the rank 
of col. and the decoration of St. Louis ; and in 
1777, on the recommendation of Silas Deane, 
came to the U.S.; made brig.-gen. May 13, 
1777, and led his brigade at Brandywine and 
Germantown ; maj.-gen. and insp.-gen., Dec. 
13, 1777; resigned, 1778. Conway was one 
of the most active of the secret enemies of 
Washington, and endeavored to elevate Gates 
to the su))reme com , — a conspiracy known as 
the " Conway Cabal." 'His course made him 
unpopular ; and, much to his surprise, his res- 
ignation was accepted. In a duel with Gen. 
Cadvvallader, July 4, 1778, receiving what he 
supposed a fatal wound, he wrote a letter of 
apology to Washington, containing the ex- 
pression, " You are, in my eyes, the great and 
good man." He recovered, returned to France, 
and in 1784 was marshal-decamp, and app. 
gov. of Pimdicherry and all the French settle- 
ments in Hindostan. He desired, in 1788, to 
assist the Republican party in the Dutch set- 
tlements, but was prevented by the Marquis 
Cornwallis. When the French revol. broke 
out, he was obliged to fly ; and his life was 
(aved only by the ener{;etie efforts of the British 



authorities. He in. a dau. of Baron de Copier, 
m.i. >hal-de-cainp. — See Boss's Life of Corn- 
wallis. 

Conway, William, actor, b. London; d 
1828. Educated for the bar, his fir.st a|>peai> 
ancc on the stage was at the Haymarket. Ha 
terminated a 3-ycars' engagement in 1816; 
starred till 1821, and, after an engagement at 
the Haymarket, came to America in 1823. 
After visiting the Western and Southern cities, 
early in 1828 he touk passage for .Savannah, 
and, otF Charleston bar, threw himself into the 
sea, and was drowned. He possessed a cul- 
tivated mind, and in Coriolanus was excelled 
bv Kcinble alone. 

'Conwell, Henry, D.D., R.C. bi.shop of 
Phila., cunsec. Lond., Eiig., 1820 ; d. Phila., 
Apr. 22, 1842, a. 91. 

Cony, Samuel, gov. of Me., 1864-7, b. 
Augusta, Me., 27 Feb. 1811 ; d. there Sept. 5, 
1870. B. U. 1829. Son of Gen. Samuel ; 
grandson of Dr. Daniel. He began the prac- 
tice of law in 1832; member Me. legisl. 1835 
and 1862; member council, 1839; judge of 
probate, 1840-7; State treas. 1850-5; mayor 
of Augusta, 1854. 

Cooke, Elisha, father and son, eminent 
politicians of Ms. I. A phvsician. b. Bos- 
ton, Sept. 16, 1637; d. ilay 31, 1715. II.U. 
1657. An assist, under the old govt., he was 
in 1689 the agent of Ms. in Eng. for the res- 
toration of her charter. He opposed the ac- 
ceptance of the new charter in 1691, and was 
in the exec, council from 1694 to 1703. He 
was for 40 years in places of public trust. 
II. An orator and politician, b. Boston, Dec. 
20, 1678 ; d. Aug. 24, 1737. H.U. 1697. He 
was a re])rcsentative to the Gen. Court, from 
1713 to 17.34 ; was a member of the council in 
1717, and a popular opponent of Gov. Shute. 
Rechosen in 1718, he was negatived by the 
gov., as also for the speaker's chair in 1720. 
Agent for Ms. in Eng. in 1723; member of the 
council soon after his return in Mav, 1726; ia 
1730, ju-tice of C. C. P. Suffolk Co. He was 
long the leader of the popular party, and pub. 
some political tracts. 

Cooke, George Fuederick, actor, b. 
En;.'., 17 Apr. 1756; d. N.Y. C^ity, 26 Sept. 
1812. A printer's apprentice. His fondness tor 
the stage led him early into that career; he be- 
came a star at the provincial theatres ; was 3 
years in Dublin, and, in Oct. 1800. appeared 
at Covcnt Garden as Richard III., taking his 
place in the first rank of actors. He w.is also 
celebrated in Macljeth, lago, Shylock, Sir I'er- 
tinax Macsveophant, &c., and was the rival of 
John Kemble. Oct. 21, 1810, he app. as Rich- 
ard at a N.Y. theatre. He attracted large au- 
diences there, and in Phila , Bait., and other 
cities, but, by his ca]nicious and contemptuous 
conduct, disgusted everybody, and finally, by his 
habitual intemperance and debauched habits, 
destroyed his constitution, and hjistened his 
death. — See Cooke's Life, hit Win, Lhiniap, 
1812, and liis novel, " Thirly Years Ayo," pub. 
1836. 

Cook, Henrt F., brig.-gen. C. S. A., b. 
Mjii. ; killed at Bristow Station, Va., Oct. 14, 
1863. In the Mex. war he was 1st lieut. in Jeff. 
Davis's regt. ; was disting. and wounded at 



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Monterey; com. companv C at Buenn Vista ; 
joined tiie Conrad, army in 1861, and rose by 
succ'cs>ive steps to bri^.-j^en. in 1S63. 

Cook, Jaaies, an illustrions English navi- 
gator, b. JLirton in Yorkshire, Oct. 27, 172S; 
d. Feb. U, 1779. Owin;;to the poverty of his 
parents, his education was limited. He en- 
tered the mcrcliant-scrviee; in I'bo, embarked 
in " The Ea^le," man of-war, obtaimd tlie 
notice of the capt., and was May 15, 1759, app. 
mas.-er of " Tlie Murray," in which he joined 
the flcei eni;a^'ed in tlie siege of Quel)ec. Em- 
ployed to take the sonndin;js of the St. Law- 
rence, belween Orleans and t!ic north shore, as 
well as til survey the most dangerous jiarts of 
the river below Quebec, those important ser- 
vices he most successfully perlbrmed in tlie very 
face of the French encampment. Havini; as- 
sisteil at the recapture of Newfoundland, he, 
in 1762, returned to Eng. Early in 1~&3, he 
went out, witli Capt. Greaves, to Xewfound- 
lanil. as surveyor of its coasts, and in tlie fol- 
lowing year accomp. Sir Hugh Pallisscr to 
Labrador and Newfoundland, as marine survey- 
or. Lieut, in 1768, he was app. to the com. 
of " The Endeavor," in which he sailed to 
Otaheite, accomp. by 5[r. Banks and Dr. So- 
lander to ob.^erve the transit of Venus in 1769. 
This object accomplished. Cook proceeded 
upon his voyage of discovery, and, after en- 
countering many diflSculties, " The Endeavor" 
arrived in Eng. on the 11th of June, 1771; 
and, on the 29th of Aug., Cook was made a 
capt. in the navy. After another voyage, com- 
menced the following year, in which many 
valuable discoveries were made, and which 
lasted 3 years, he was promoted to the rank of 
post captain, Aug. 9, 1775. In 1776, be re- 
ceived the Copleian gold medal from the Roy. 
Soc. His third and hist exped. had for its ob- 
ject to determine whether a maritime communi- 
cation existed between the Atlantic and Pacific 
Oceans in the arctic regions of the globe. 
Unhappily, while touching at Owhyhee, Cook 
was murdered by the natives. A medal in 
commemuration of him was struck by order of 
the Hoy. Society. 

Cooke, Jat, financier, b. Sandusky, 0., 
Aug. 10,1821. Francis Cooke, the emig. ances- 
tor, came over in " The Mayflower." Eleuthe- 
ros,his father.a prominent lawver,and M.C. of 
Ohio, d. Dee. 28, 1864. Jay went in 1838 to 
Phila., entered the banking-house of E. W. 
Clark & Co., in which he became at 21 a part- 
ner; retired in 1858, and in 1861 established 
the firm of .lay Cooke & Co. By his energy 
anil business-capacity, Mr. Cooke succeeded in 
popularizing ihc govt, loaiis. and thereby con- 
triliuted materially to the success of the Union 
arms Now (1871), of the banking-firm of 
Coiike. McCulloeh, & Co., London. 

Cook, Jonx, brig.-gen. vols., b. Belleville, 
III.. June 12, 1825. Left an orphan with a 
lar..;c fortune at an early age, he entered the 
coll. at Jacksonville, but was not a graduate, 
and ill 1855 was m.ayor of Springfield. JIade 
col. 1st III. vols. April, 1861 ; and for gallantry 
at the capture of Fort Donelson, where he 
com. a brigade, was made brig.-gen. JIarch 
22. IS62. 

Cooke, John Esien, novelist, son of J. B. 



Cooke, b. Winchester, Va., Nov. 3, 1 830. Hia 
family removed to Richmond in 1839, where 
he commenced the practice of law iu 1851. 
He served in the (.)onfed. army, first as a pri- 
vate of art., and afterward on the staff of 
Stewart and other generals, thronghmit the 
war. He wrote a Life of Stonewall Jackson, 
which appeared in New York, as the work of 
John il. Daniel. Since the war, he has writ- 
ten much tor the \.Y. World. Author of 
"Fairfax," and "Mohan." "Hilt to Hilt." 
"Hammer and Rapier," "Out of the Foam," 
" Leather Stocking and Silk," " Tli,' Vir ;in' i 
Comedians," and " The Youth of Jefferson." 
In 1855, be pub. '' E.lie, or the Human Come- 
dy ; " in 1856, " The i.,ast of the Foresters," and 
in 1858, " Henry St. John, Gentleman." He 
has written much for the Soutliern Literun/ 
Mfls^eii(/fr, fiarpef^s Mafjdziue, and other jjeri- 
odicals. He has also written poems, among 
them a tribute to Dr. E. K. Kane. 

Cooke, JoHX H-, brig.-gen. in the War of 
1812; d. Richmond, Va., June, 1866, a. 86. 
He was a successful farmer and vigorous agri- 
cultural writer. 

Cooke, John P., compo.ser and musician, 
b. Chester, Eng., 1820; d. N.Y. City, 4 Nov. 
1865. His father was a musician and actor. 
After leading the orchestra of the Adelphi, the 
Strand, and Astley's London, he came in 1850 
to N.Y'. as leader at Burton's Theatre. He 
composed and arranged the music for the 
Winter's Tale, Midsummer Night's Dream, and 
other Shaksperian plays ; also for the Sea of 
Ice, and furnished many other compositions 
of merit. 

Cooke, Joseph Pl.vtt, delegate to the 
Old Congress, 1784-8, b. Ct., 17.30 ; d. Danbu- 
ry, Ct., 1816. Y.C. 1750. 
' Cooke, NicnOL.\s, gov. of R.I., b. Provi- 
dence, Feb. 3, 1717; d. Sept. 14, 1782. Dep. 
gov. from May to Oct. 1775; gov. of R.I. 
from Oct. 1775 until May, 1778. " He merited 
and won the approbation of bis fellow-citizens, 
and was honored with the friendship and con- 
fidence of Washington : " such is the inscrip- 
tion upon his monument in Providence bury- 
ing-ground. 

Cooke, Pahsoxs, D.D., Cong, clergvman 
and writer, b. Hadlov, Ms., Feb. 18, 1800; d. 
Lynn, Ms.. Feb. 12,"l864. Wms. Coll. 1822 
He studied theology. June 26. 1826, he was 
ord. pastor of a newly-organized church in 
Ware, Ms. ; removed to Portsmouth in 1836, 
and, a few months after, became pastor of the 
First Church at Lynn, remaining there until he 
died. In 1840, he edited the :\'. E. Purllun, 
and subsequently the Boston Recorder. An 
active controversialist, he pub. in 1829 a ser- 
mon on '■ The Exclusiveness of Unitarian- 
ism," and was constantly in controversy with 
the new-school Calvinisric Congregationalists, 
or other religious denominations. 

Cooke, FhILLIP PliNDLKTON-, pOBt, .SOU 

of J. K. Cooke, II. Martiiisburg, Va., Oct. 26, 
1816; d. Jan. 20, 18.50. N. J. Coll. 1834. 
Adin. to the bar in 1837. He pub. several 
poems in the K nickerhoclcfr Mai/azine, contrib. 
to the SoiilhTii Lit. .l/aisen^cr, and in 1847 
pub. "Froissart Ballads, and Other Poems." 
At the time of his death, he was publishing 



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serially " The Chevalier Merlin," an historical 
pro<e poem. His best pieces are the short 
lyrics," Florence Vane," "To My Uau^'hter 
Lily," and " Rosa Lee." The first of them has 
been translated into many languai^cs, and 
taken as a theme for music by celebrated com- 
posers. — A/'plfton's New Aiiifr. Ci/cl. 

Cooke, I'niLip St. George, brcv. niaj.- 
{rCM. U.S.A., b. Berkeley Co.. Va., 18U9. West 
Point, 1827. Adj. 6tli Inf. at battle of the 
Bud Axe ; capt. May 31, 18.3.5 ; lieut.-col. 
com. batt. of vols, in Mcx. war, 18+6-7, in 
C.il. ; maj 2.1 Drags., IGFel). 1847 ; brcv. lieut - 
col. for inerit. services in Cal., 20 Fub. 1847; 
col. 2d Drajfs., 14 June, 1838; briij.-gen. 12 
Nov. 1861;'brev. maj.-trcn. 13 Mar. 18G5 ; 
com. and distin;^. in conflict with Apaches in 
New -Mex., Apr. 8, 1854; defeated the Co- 
manches at (Jincp;nih<s, New Mcx., in 18.55; 
com. in Kansas <liirin<; the troidiles there in 
1856-7, pcvfonniiisthiit delicate dnty to the sat- 
isfaction of all ; took part in tlr^ Utah cxpcd. ; 
com. all the rcf;nlar cavalry in the Potomac 
Army, pariiciilarly in the sie;re of Yorktown, 
and battles of Williamsburg, (iaines's Mill, and 
Glendale. Autlior of " Scenes and Adven- 
tures in the Army," Phila., 1856. — Cnllnm. 

Cook, Russell S., Corn;, clcr^'vinan, b. 
N. Marlboro', xMs., March 6, 1811 ; d.'Pleasant 
Valley, N.Y., Sept. 4, 18u4. He stndied at 
the Auburn Thcol. Sera , and was settled over 
the church at Lanesboro', Ms., in 1836-8. 
Losing his voice, he connected himself with 
the Tract Society, of which he was a sec. 
from 1839 to 1856. Devoting himself to the 
system of American colportage, he was instru- 
mental in placing religions reading in almost 
every dwelling in the land, still further aiding; 
•he objects of the society by establishing the 
American Messenger in 1843-. Visiting Europe 
in 1853 and in 1856, he succeeded in estab- 
lishing the colporter enterprise in Scotland. — 
Ajipleton's Ann. Ci/clop., 1864. 

Cook, Thomas, R.C. bishop of Three 
Rivers, c;anada, from 1832; d. Montreal, 30 
Apr, 1870, a. 78. 

Cook, W. H., M.D., b. N.Y. Citv, 1832. 
Prof, therap. in Phys. Med. Coll., O. Au- 
thor of "Treatise on Dysentery," 1855; 
"Piinciples and Practice of Physio. Med. 
Surgery," Cincin., 8vo, 1857. 

Cookman, George G., Meth. preacher, b. 
Kingston-npon-Hull, Eng., 1800; lost at sea 
March, 1841, in the steamer "President." Tn 
1821, he cnine to the U.S. on business, but 
obtained a licence to preach ; went to Phila. in 
1823, and, at the ensuing session of the Phila. 
conference, was adm. into the travelling con- 
nection. In 1833, he was transferred to the 
Bait, conference, and was twice chaplain to 
Congress. His preaching was nervous and 
elegant, and attracted large crowds. A vol. of 
his speeches was pul). 18mo, by tho Moth. 
BC 

Cooley, Dr. Abiel a., inventor of fric- 
tion-matclies; d. Hartford, Ct.,Aug. 18,1858, 
II. 76. He was also the inventor of <me of tho 
first power-presses in u.se, as well as of an in- 
genious shingle -machine, and was the first to 
a^iply the cam-movement to pumps. 

Cooley, James Ewixo, b. Ms., 1802. 



Pub. " The American in Egypt," &.C., in 1839- 
40, 8vo, N.Y., 1842. 

Cooley, Tho.mas M., jurist, b. Attica, N.Y., 

6 Jan. 1824. Removed to Mich, in 1843; was 
adm. to the bar at Adrian in 1846, where he 
settled permanently in 1848. In 1857, he was 
app. to compile the statutes of Mich., which 
were pub. in 2 vols Reporter of the Supreme 
Court, 1858-64, and jiub. 8 vols, of reports ; 
J.ay prof, of law in Mich. U. since 1830, and, 
since 1864, a justice of the Supreme Court. 
He has also pub. a " Digest of Mich. Re- 
ports," 1866, and a "Treatise on Constitu- 
tional Limitations of the Legis. Power of the 
States," 1868. — Lannuin. 

Coolidge, Carlos, LL.D. (Mid. Coll. 
1849), gov. of Vt, 1849-51, b. Windsor, Vt., 
1792; d. there Aug. 1.5, 1866. Mid. Coll. 
1811. He practised law in Wind-or 52 years; 
was State atty. for the Co. in 1831-6 ; repre- 
sentative, 1834-7 and 1839-42; speaker in 
1836 and 1839-42 ; and senator, 1835-7. 

Coombe, Tho.mas, D.l). (D»h. U. 1781), 
I'r.-Ep. divine and loyalist, b. Phila., 1747 ; d. 
London, 15 Aug. 1822. Phila. Coll. 1766. 
Ord. by the bisho]) of Loudon in 1769. App. 
chaplain to the Marquis of Rockingham in 
1771 ;app. assist, min. of Christ Church, Pliila., 
in 1772, but was removed for his Toryism ; 
went to Eng in 1779; became ehaplain-in-or- 
dinary to the king in 1794 ; ]>rebcndary of Can- 
terbury in 1800, and, in 1808, rector of St. 
Michael's Queenhithe. Many years minister 
of Cur?,on-st. Chapel, an impiessive speaker, 
and a disting. scholar. He pub. sermons, and 
" The Peasant of Auburn," a poem, 1783.^ 
Gents' Mi,rj., 1822. 

Cooper, BEyjAMiN, commo. U.S.N., b. 
N. J. ; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., June 1, 1850, a. 57. 
He entered the service, Jan. 16, 1809, and 
served with distinciion under Lawrence in 
" The Hornet," in tlie action with " The Pea- 
cock," Feb. 24, 1813. Lieut. Dec. 9, 1814; 
master, Apr. 24, 1828; capt. 28 Feb. 1838. 

Cooper, George H., capt. U.S.N., b. 
N.Y.jJnly 27,1821. Midshipm. Aug. 14, 1837; 
lieut. May 8, 1851 ; com. July 16, 1862 ; capt. 
Dec. 2, 1867. He served in" the Florida war 
in 1837, and in the Mexican war, 1846-7; 
present at Tabasco, Alvarado. and Tuspan ; 
com. supply steamer "Massachusetts," 18fi2; 
steamer '■.^lereedita," S A. B. squad., 1863; was 

7 weeks in coLn. of monitor "Sangamon, "inside 
of Chn-Ieston' Roads, on picket-duty, constant- 
ly shelling Fort Sumter and the batteries on 
Sullivan's Island ; stationed at Stono Inlet, 
S.C., co-operating with the army, and fre- 
quently engaged ; com. steamer " Sonoma," 
S.A.B. squad., 186!-4; steamer " Glaueus," 
E.G.B. squad., 1864-5 ; steamer " Winooskie," 
special service, 1866-7. 

Cooper, James, brig. -gen. vols., h. Fred- 
erick Co., Md., Mav 8, 1810 ; d. Columbus, 0., 
Mar. 28, 1863. Wash. Coll., Pa., 1831 . He 
studied law with Thaddeus Stevens; was adm. 
to the bar in 1834; was M.C. in 1839-43, and 
a leading advocate of the tarirt'of 1842 ; mem- 
ber of the State legisl. in 1843-6 anil 1847, 
when he was speaker, introducingand carrying 
through, after a violent struggle, measures to 
relieve the credit of the State, then on the verge 



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of permanent repmliation ; travelled in Europe 
in IS47 ; was made atty.-jjen. in 1848, and U.S. 
senator from 1849 to 1855. In politics, he 
was a Whig. Authorized in 1861 to raise a 
bri;,'ade of loval Marylanders, he was app. 
brig. -yen. May 11, 1861, and served in Va. un- 
der Fremont. 

Cooper, J.iMES B., commander U.S.X., b 
Bucks Co., Pa , Mar. 6, 1753; d. Haddonfield, 
N.J., Feb. 5. 18.54. He was a capt. iu Lee's 
Legion in the Rcvol. War; was at Stonv Point 
and Paulas Hook, Guillbrd Court House, and 
Entaw Springs ; was a sailing-master in the 
navy in the War of 1812, and served through 
the war; licut. Apr. 22, '1822; commander, 
Sept. 8, 1S41. 

Cooper, James Fenimore, novelist, b. 
Burlington, X. J., 15 Sept. 1789; d. Coopers- 
town, X.Y., 14 Sept. 1851. Son of Judge 
Wm. He studied at Yale, but did not grad- 
uate, and in 1811, after 6 ye'ars' service in the 
navy, m. a Miss De Lancey, and .settled at 
Mamaroueck, N.Y. His first work, " Precau- 
tion," jmb. anonymou.sly in 1821, was followed 
by " The Spy," ""The Pioneer," 1823, and "The 
Leather-stocking Tales," which gave hini great 
popularity. This was increased bv his sea- 
novels, " The Pilot," " Red Rover," " Water 
Witch," " Two Admirals," " Wing and 
Wing," &c., and by " The Bravo," " Ueidon- 
maur," and " Headsman," pub. during a visit 
to Europe, in 1826-33. After his return, he 
pub. " Letter to his Countrymen," " Home- 
ward Bound," and " Home as Found," which 
somewhat lessened bis popularity. Besides oth- 
er works of fiction, he wrote a " History of the 
U.S. Navy," 2 vols., 8vo ; " Battle of Lake 
Erie," 1843; " Lives of Amer. Naval Officers," 
2 vols., 12rao; 6 vols, of " Gleanings iu Eu- 
rope," " Sketches of Switzerland," and a com- 
edy performed at Burton's Theatre, N.Y., in 
1 850. The latter part of his life was imbittered 
by quarrels and lawsuits with the editorial fra- 
ternity. His later productions were unworthy 
the high fame which Mr. Cooper justly de- 
served and enjoyed. 

Cooper, MvLES, LL.D. (Oxf. U. 1768), 
scholar and clergvman, b. Eng., 1735; d. 
Edinburgh, May "l, I7S5. Oxford U. 1760. 
Afterward a Fellow of Queen's Coll. In 1761, 
he pub. at Oxford, by subscription, a vol. of 
poems. In 1762, he came to Amer., on the 
nomination of Archbishop Seeker, as assist. 
of Dr. Samuel .lohnson, pres. of Col. Coll., 
whom he succeeded in that office. May, 1763. 
In 1771, be visited Eng.; and on bis return to 
N ¥., on the breaking-out of the Revol., 
.Cooper was a<-tive on the Tory side, and is 
said to have had a hand in "the tract, " A 
Friendly Address to all Reasonable Ameri- 
cans," &c., which one of his pupils, young Alex. 
Hamilton, .answered with signal ability. Be- 
coming exceedingly obnoxious to the'Whigs, 
in Apr. 1775 he and his friends received a sig- 
nificant hint from a pub. letter, signed "Three 
Millions," to fly for their lives. On the night 
of May 10, after destroying the gims on the bat- 
tery, the uicjb proceeded to expel him from the 
coll. He escaped on board an English ship 
of war, in which he sailed to Eng. A poem 
commemorating this event was pub. by him 



in the Gents' Jlag. for July, 1 "76. Dec. 13, 
1776, he preached a sermon before the U. of ' 
Oxford, " On the Causes of the Present Rebel- 
lion in Amer.," which gave rise to much con- 
troversy between the Whig and Torv parties 
of the day. He was, until hisdecease, oneof the 
ministers of the English Chapel in Edinburgh. 
He was a nianof tasteand learning; advncatcii, 
in an "Address to the Episcopalians of Va.,'' 
the app. of bishops for the Colonies. He pub. in 
1774 "The Amer. Q,uevist."— Ihii/dciiick. 

Cooper, Peter, a benevolent and enter- 
prising inanuf., b. N. Y. Citv, Feb. 12, 1791. 
His maternal grandfather, Jolin Caiuphell, was 
mayor of N. Y., and dep. quarterm.-gen. dur- 
ing the Revol. war. His father, al-so a Revol. 
officer, established a hat manuf.. iu wliieh Peter 
assisted him. He afterward Icai-ned coach- 
making, the manuf. of cabinet-ware, then the 
grocery business, and finally engaged in the 
manuf of glue and isinglass', about 1828. In 
1830, he erected extensive iron-works at Can- 
ton, near Baltimore. -He next erected a roll- 
ing and wire mill in the city of N. Y., in which 
he first successfully applied anthracite to the 
puddling of iron, "in 1845, he removed the 
machinery to Trenton, N.J., where he erected 
the largest rolling-mill then in the U. S. for 
the manuf. of railroad-iron, and there first 
rolled wroaglit-iron beams for fire-proof build- 
ings. At Baltimore, he built the first locomo- 
tive-engine on this continent. Pres. of the 
N. Y., Newfoundland and London Teleg. Co. ; 
pres. of the Amer. Teleg. Co., and of the N. a'. 
Teleg. Assoc. He has served in both branches 
of the N. Y. common council, and was a prom, 
inent advocate of the construction of ttie Cro- 
ton aqueduct. In pursuance of bis great object, 
the education and elevation of the industrial 
classes, the " Union for the Advancement of 
Science and Art " commonly called the Cooper 
Institute, has been established in N. Y., at the 
intersection of 3d and 4th Avenues, at a cost 
of over S500,000, devoted, with all its rents and 
profits, to the instruction and elevation of the 
workiiig-classcs of N. Y. It iucliules a school 
of design for leuuilcs, evening courses of in- 
struction for mechanics and apprentices in the 
application of the sciences to the business of 
lifi;, a free reading-room, galleries of art, and 
collections of modern inventions, and a poly- 
technic school. 

Cooper, Samuel, D.D. (U. of Edinburgh, 
1767), an eminent divine and patriot, b. Bos- 
ton, Mar. 28, 1725; d. Dec. 29, 1783. H. U. 
1743. Son of the Rev. William. At the age 
of -M, he commenced preaching in the Brattle- 
st. Church, where he was ord. colleague with 
Dr. Colm.in, May 21, 1746, continuing his min- 
istry until his death. He took an early and 
decided part in the politics of his time. In 
1754, he wrote the " (Irisis," in opposition to 
the "Excise Act" then in contemplation. 
From tbetime of the Stamp Act, sonicoj the best 
political pieces in the Boston Otizelia were from 
his pen. The letters of Gov. Hutehinson were 
sent him by Dr. Franklin, -with an injunction 
tint 10 allow their publication. He iilaccd them 
in the hands of a friend, whose disre^'ard of 
the ]jrohibition, though a breach of private con- 
fidence involving serious consequences, was a 



coo 



218 



coo 



great public benefit. Dr. Cooper was a mem- 
ber of several religious and literary societies, 
and was the first viee-pres. of the Ainer. Acad, 
of Arts and Sciences. He was remarkable in 
prayer, in the taste and elegance of his ser- 
mons, and as a critic, and was the esteemed 
corresp. of many disting. Europeans. 

Cooper, Gen. Samdel, jun., b. N. Y., ab. 
1796. West I'oint, 1815. Aide-de-camp to 
Gen. Macomb from May, 1828, to 18-36; capt. 
11 June, 1S36; assist, iidj.-gen. July 7, 1838; 
chief of staff to Col. Worth in Florida war, 
1841-2, and in action of Pilaklikaha, 19 Apr. 
1842; brev. col. "lor meritorious conduct in 
the war with Mexico," May 30, 1848 ; adj.-gen. 
of the army, July 15, 1852; resigned March 7, 
1861, and app. adj.-gen. in the rebel army, 
standing first in its list of generals. Bro.-in- 
law of J. JI. Mason of Va., formerly U. S. 
senator. Author of "Concise System of In- 
struction for the Militia and Vols, of U. S.," 
Phi la., 18;36.— Ciillum. 

Cooper, Scs.iN Fbxijioke, b. 1815, eld- 
est dau of the novelist, and author of " Kural 
Hours," 1850; "Rhyme and Reason of Coun- 
try Life," 1854; an annotated edition of an 
English work, the "Journal of a Naturalist," 
1852 ; and, in 1858, a beautiful little tribute to 
the character of Washington, given in aid of 
the fund for the purchase of Mt. Vernon. She 
bus also contrib. to various popular periodi- 
cals. 

Cooper, Thom.^s, M.D., LL.D., natural 
philosopher, politician, and author, b. London, 
Oct. 22, 1759; d. Columbia, S.C, May 11, 
1839. Educated at O.xford, he afterward stud- 
ied law and medicine ; was adm. to the bar, 
and travelled a circuit for a few years, and, 
with Watt the inventor, was sent by the Democ. 
clubs of Eng. to those of France, where he 
sided with the Girondists. Called to account 
for this by Mr. Burke in the house of com- 
mons. Cooper replied with a violent pamphlet. 
While in France, he had learned to make chlo- 
rine from common salt; and he became a 
bleacher and calico-printer in Manchester, but 
was unsuccessful. In 1795, he established him- 
self as a lawyer in Pa., whither his friend Priest- 
ley had also emigrated. Uniting himself with 
the Democrats, he violently attacked Pres. Ad- 
ams in a newspaper in 1799; was tried for 
libel, and sentenced to 6 months' imprisonment 
pnd a fine of S400. He became a land com- 
missioner in 1806, and overcame the difficulties 
with the Ct. claimants in Luzerne Co., but, 
boing made judge, became obno.xious to mem- 
bers of his own party, and was removed in 1811, 
on a charge of arbitrary conduct. He was an 
efficient supporter of the administrations of Jef- 
ferson, Madison, and Monroe. He successively 
occupied the chair of chemistry in Dick. Coll., 
ill the U. of Pa., and in Col. Coll., S C, be- 
coming pres. of the latter in 1820, discharging 
also the duties of pi of of chemistry and politi- 
cal economy. On his retirement in 1834, he 
was app. to revise the State statutes, 4 vols, of 
which he had completed when he died. He 
possessed great versatility and extensive knowl- 
edge, displaying, as a lecturer, great erudition, 
and was an admirable talker. In philosophy, 
be was a materialist, and in religion a free- 



thinker. In the nullification contest, he was an 
ultra State-rights' man. He pub. " Informa- 
tion Concerning America," Lond., 1794; a 
collection of political essays, reprinted from a 
Phila. newspaper in 1800; a translation of the 
"Institutes of Justinian," 1812; a work on 
" Meil. Jurisprudence," 1819; 2 of the 5 vols, 
of " Emporium of Arts and Sciences," Phila., 
1812-14 ; " Lectures on the Elements of Polit. 
Economv," Charleston, 1826 ; " Letters on the 
Slave Trade," 1787 ; " Tracts, Ethical, Theo- 
logical, and Political," 1790 ; •' The Bankrupt 
Law of America compared with that of Eng.," 
Phila., 8vo, 1801; "Account of the Trial of 
Thomas Cooper of Northumberland," 1800; 
"Introd. Lecture at Carlisle Coll.," 1812; 
" Observations on tlie Writings of Priestley ; " 
two E.ssays, " Foundation of Civil Govt.," and 
"On the" Constitution of the U. S.," 1826; 
and many vigorous polit. pamphlets. 

Cooper, Thomas Apthorpe, actor, b. 
Lond., 1776; d. Bristol, Pa., Apr. 21, 1849. 
He received a gooil education ; became the 
ward of Holcrolt and Wm. Godwin on the death 
of his father, and at 1 7 made his clAut upon 
the stage in Stephen Kemblc's company at Edin- 
burgh. In 1795, he appeared with success at 
Covent Garden, as Hamlet and Maclieth, and 
Dec. 9, 1796, made his delntl in Phila., with 
Wignell's company, as Hamlet. He' soon ob- 
tained a considerable reputation as a tragedian, 
and in 1802 returned to Eiig., where, for 
nearly 3 years, he was one of the chief actors 
on the London boards. Returning to the U.S. 
in Nov. 1 804, he soon after became a lessee of 
the N.Y. theatre. In 1810, he again visited 
Eng. He continued on the stage until late in 
life. App. military storekeeper at Frankford, 
Pa., in 1841, by Pres. Tyler, whose son m. 
Cooper's dau. He was some years insp. to the 
N.Y and Phila. custom-houses. He was 6 feet 
in height, and possessed a rem.<irkably tine per- 
son. 

Cooper, William, clergyman, b. Boston, 
1694; d. there Dec. 13, 1743. H.U. 1712. 
Ord. 23 May, 1716, colleague pastor with Mr. 
Colman of Brattle Street, Boston, where he 
preached till his death. In 1737, he was 
chosen pres. of H.U., but declined the trust. 
He e.Kcelled in prayer, and was an eminent 
preacher, having a pleasing voice and an im- 
pressive elocution. Author of" Predestination 
Explained and Vindicated," 1740, repub. in 
1804, and a number of sermons. William 
his son, 49 years town-clerk of Boston, and an 
eminent patriot of the Revol., d. Boston, Nov. 
28, 1809, a. 89. 

Coote, Sir Etre, a British gen. ; d. Dec. 
10, 182.'1, a. 66. Nephew of the celebrated Sir 
Eyre Coote. Ensign 37th regt. Apr. 15, 1774 ; 
lient.Julv, 1776; capt. Aug. 10,1778; maj.47th, 
Feb. 20,'l783; col. Jan. 21, 1796; maj -gen. 
1798; lieut.-gen. 1805; gen. June, 1814. He 
served at the battle of Brooklyn, L.I., at the 
reduction of Fort Washington, and in the 
expeds. to R.I. and the Chesapeake, the battles 
of Brandy wine, German town, Monmouth, and 
the attack on Mud Inland. He was present 
at the siege of Charleston, the campaign in Va., 
and was taken at Yorktown. He served under 
Gen. Grey in the W. Indies in 1793-5; was 



219 



COR 



Beverely woundeJin the Ostend exped. in 1798, 
and served under Abercroinbie in Kfiypi. On 
his return to Eug., he received thanks of par- 
liament, the order of the Bath, and afterwaid 
the Turkish order of the Crescent. Lieut.- 
gov. of Jamaica, 1S05-8. Publicly disgraced, 
and deprived of all rank, in consequence of an 
abominalile act committed in one of the chari- 
table institutions of England. — PliiUpurt, &e. 

Cope, TuoMAS PvM, merchant, b. Lan- 
caster Co., Pa., Aug. 26, 1768; d. Phila., Nov. 
22, 1854. Son of Caleb, a Quaker of Lancas- 
ter, Pa., who protected Aiuire from a mob, 
while a jjrisoncr in 1775. Said to be maternal- 
ly descended from John Pym. lie entered a 
counting-house in Phila. in 1786; l)egan on 
his own account in 1790, importing his own 
goods; established in 1821 the fir.it line of 
packets between Phila. and Liverpool, and ac- 
quired great wealth. He was active in allevi- 
ating the small-pox sutftrers in 1707 ; was a 
a member of the city council ab. 1800 ; an effi- 
cient member of the coainiittec for introducing 
water into the city ; served in the State legisl. 
in 1SU7, and in the State Const. Conv. ; was 
pres. of the Board of Trade and the Mercantile 
Library Co., and was an executor of Girard's 
will, and a trustee of the bank, and subse- 
quently a dirictor of the Girard Coll. He was 
also an elKcieiit worker in completing the Ches- 
apeake and Del. Canal, and in securing the 
construction of the Pa. Railroad. Edwaisd 1). 
Cope, naturalist, author of " The Origin of 
Genera," "Extinct Balrachia and Reptilia 
of N.A.," " Our Own Birds of the U.S.," &c., 
is a grandson of Thos. P., and son of Alfred. — 
See Hunt's Amer. Merchants ; Simpson. 

Copley, John Singleton, painter, b. 
Boston, July 3, 17.57 ; d. Lond., Sej)!. 9, 1813. 
Like West, he was self-taught ; and some of his 
pieces executed at Boston, and, to use his own 
words, " before he had seen any tolerable |)ic- 
ture," were unsurpassed liy his later productions. 
Alter acquiring considerable reputation, par- 
ticularly by his portraits (among which are 
those of Samuel Adams, Tlios. Hancock and 
lady, W. VV. Boylston, Judge Tyng, Judge 
Foster, Mrs. D. Sargent, &c.), he, in 1774, pro- 
ceeded by way of Eng. to Rome, where he 
arrived in Aug., and returned to Lond., with 
the intention of settling there, late in 1775, 
where he was joined by his wile and children, 
and devoted himself to port, painting. He was 
introduced by West to the Roy. Acad., of 
which he was adm. an associate in 1777. His 
historical paintings soon rendered his name 
famous, and procured for it, in 1783, the hon- 
orable addition of R. A. His first and most 
popular composition was " The Death of the 
Earl of Chatham." He afterwards produced 
" The Death of Major Pierson," " The Siege 
of Gibraltar," " The Arrest of the Five Mem- 
bers, by Charles the First," " De Winter's De- 
feat by Admiral Duncan," and sketched, but 
left unfinished, a picture on the subject of Nel- 
son's fall at Trafalgar, &c. He also painted 
many portraits, his last work being a portrait 
of his son, Lord Lyndhurst. He m. the dan. 
of Richard Clarke, one of the consignees of the 
tea destroyed in 1773. His dan. Elizab. m. 
Gardiner Greene of Boston, d. there 1 Feb. 



1866, a. 95. Copley was peculiar both in man- 
ner ai|d dress. As an artist, his chief merit 
consists in his coloring and drawing. 

Coppde, Henkv, LL.D. (U. of Pa., and 
Un. Coll., 1866), author, b. Savannah, Ga., 
Oct. 15, 1821. West Point, 1845 He was at 
Y.C. in 1836-7. Was 3 years a student of 
civil engineering, and employed in the con- 
struction of the Central Railroad from Savan- 
nah to Macon, Ga. He served through the 
Mexican war, and was brev. ca])t. for the battles 
of Contreras and Cburubusco, Aug. 20, 1847 ; 
resigned 30 June, 1855. From 1848 to 1855, 
he was instructor in French, and assist, prof, 
of ethics and English studies, at West Point. 
Prof, of belles-lettres in the U. of Pa., 1855- 
66 ; since then president of Lehigh U., Bethle- 
hem, Pa. Member of several scientific and 
historical societies. He has pub. " Elements 
of Logic," 1858 ; " Elements of Rhetoric," 
1859; "Select Academic Speaker," 1861; 
"Field Manual of Evolutions of the Line," 
1861 ; " Field Manual of Battalion Drill," 
1861 ; "Field Manual of Courts-Martial," 1863; 
" Grant and his Campaigns," 1866; a transla- 
tion of Marmont's " Espr'it des Institutions 
Militaires," 1862 ; he has edited the " Gallery 
of Famous Poets," " Songs of Praise," 1866 ; 
" Gallery of Famous Poetesses," 1859-60. In 
1864-6, he edited the U.S. Service Magazine. — 
Dui/cl^iuck. 

Copway, George (Kah-ge-ga-gah-bowk), 
an Ojiliway chief. Has pub. " Acts of the Apos- 
tles in Hjibway Lang.," 1838 ; " The Ojibway 
Conquest," 1850; "Life and Travels" (by 
him.-eU), 6th ed., 1847 ; " History and Sketches 
of the (Jjibway Nation," illustrated by Darley, 
1851, and "Organization of a New Indian 
Terr.," &c., 1850. 

Coram, Thomas, a philanthropic English 
mariner, b. ab. 1667; d. London, March 9, 
1751, a. 84. Having been master of a mer- 
chant-vessel trading to the American Colonies, 
he is usually styled Capt. Coram. He set- 
tled in Taunton, Ms., ab. 1692, and owned a 
form on the river, now within the limits of 
Berkeley, where he constructed vessels, probably 
for the Newfoundland fishery. He is styled 
" shipwright of Boston," in Prov. Laws, act 
of Apr. 16, 170! . He left in 1703, and gave his 
farm toward erecting an Episcopal churcb in 
Taunton. He was the projector of the Found- 
ling Hospital, in promoting the establishment 
of which he scduously exerted himself during 
many years, till he had procured a royal char- 
ter for the institution. He also promoted the 
settlement of Ga. and Nova Scotia; and, 
through his advice, a bounty was given on naval 
stores imported from the Colonies. After he 
relinquished his profession, his time was wholly 
employed in contriving and executing various 
schemes of public utility. He seems to have 
neglected his private affairs ; and, towards the 
close of his life, a subscription was raised for 
his support. — Drake's Baylies's Neu} Pli/ni. 

Corbin, Thomas G., capt U.S.N., b. Va., 
Aug. 13, 1820. Midshipm. May 15, 1838; 
lieut. June 10, 1852; com. July 16, 1862; 
capt. July 25, 1866. Attached to steam frig- 
ate " Wabash," S. Atl. block, squad., 1861-3 ; 
at the capture of Forts Beauregard and Walk- 



COR 



220 



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er, Port Koyal, Nov. 7, 1861 ; com. of miil- 
shipm. at Naval Acad., 1863 ; steamer " Au- 
gusia," 1864-5 ; flcet-capt. W.I. squad., 1865- 
6 ; steam sloop " Guerriere," flag-ship S.A. 
squad., 1 SG8. — Hamersly. 

Corcoran, Michael, brig. -gen. vols., b. 
Carrowkill Co., Sligo, Ireland, Sc])t. 21, 1827 ; 
d. Dec. 22, ISG-'J, near Fairfax C H., V"a. He 
came to .\merica in 1849, obtained a clerkship 
in tlie N.Y. City post-office, and first came into 
public notice as col. of the 69th N.Y. militia. 
On tlie call for troops, April, 18G1, he took the 
field with his com., and disting. himself highly 
at the first battle of Bull run, where he was 
wounded, and taken prisoner. He was confined 
successively at Richmond, Charleston, Colum- 
bia, Salisbury, N.C., and other places, and was 
one of the officers selected for execution, had 
the Federal authorities carried out their threats 
of punishing the crews of captured Confederate 
privateers as pirates. Exchanged Aug. 15, 
1852, he was made brig.-gen., dating from July 
21,1801. He afterward recruited an "Irish 
Legion," and served in N.C., at the battles of 
the Nausemand River and Suftblk, in April, 
1862, and checked the advance of the enemy 
upon Norfolk. He died of injuries received by 
a fall from his horse. 

Cordova, FK.iscisco Febxandez db, 
discoverer of Mexico; d. 1518. Feb. 8, 1517, 
this navigator sailed from Cuba with Juan Ala- 
minas, a pilot who had accomp. Columbus in 
his fourth voyage, steered for the continent, and 
in March ranged the coast -of Yucatan, where 
he lost many men in his various encounters 
with the natives. It appears certain that Cor- 
dova left two of his companions in this region ; 
for in 1518, when Grijaloa explored the coun- 
try, he was informed that one of them survived, 
but was unable to procure his release. After 
exploring the coast, and remarking the grand 
monumental structures of Y^ucatan, he was 
forced by a tempest to abandon its shores. He 
visited Fla. 5 years after the exped. of Ponce De 
Leon, and, on returning to Cuba, d. ten days 
after his arrival, of wounds received from the 
natives. 

Cordova, Jose M., a Colombian gen., b. 
Antoquia, New Granada, 1747 ; killed at San- 
tuario, Oct. 17, 1829. The son of a rich mer- 
chant of the Spanish party, Cordova, on the 
contrary, when 15 years of age, joined the In- 
dependents. His conduct at the battle of 
Boyaca, Aug. 8, 1819, gained for him, from 
Bolivar the victor, the rank of col. ; and he was 
charged with the expulsion of the royalists 
from Antoquia. This duty he successfully per- 
formed ; and his first care was to levy on his 
father the sum of 10,000 piastres. His exactions 
occasioned his recall, and he disting. himself 
anew in many combats on the banks of the 
Magdalina. By a skilful manoeuvre he captured 
a Spanish fleet of 27 vessels at anchor in the 
port of Teneriffo, and, after a bloody battle, 
took possession of the town. Named general, 
Cordova was in the Colombian division left by 
Bolivar in Peru. Doc. 9, 1824, Cordova took 
the greatest share in the victory of Ayacucho, 
and he was named gen. of division on the field of 
battle. Covering his ambition with the pre- 
text of establishing a federal govt., Cordova 



conspired many times against Bolivar, and 
openly revolted in Aug. 1S29, but found few 
partisans. Hunted at Santuario, Oct 17, by 
the united forces of Andradu, Ureta, and 
O'Leary, he defended liimself with vigor, but 
fell at length, covered with wounds. 

Coreal (ko-ra-al'), Francisco, a Spanish 
traveller, b. Cartagena, 1648; was in the W. 
Indies in 1666-97, and left an interesting nar- 
rative, which was pub. in French in 3 vols., 
1722. 

Corlet, Fluaii, an early teacher of Cam- 
bridge, Ms., b. Lond.. 1611 ; d. Feb. 24, 1687. 
Oxford U. 1627. He taught the grammar 
school at C. 46 years. The Society' for the 
Propagation of the Gospel compensated him for 
preparing Indian scholars for the university. 
N. AValter pub. an elegy on his death, in 
blank verse. 

Cornbury, Edward Htde, lord,g6v. of 
N.Y. ; d. Lond., Apr. 1, 1723. Son of the 2d 
Earl of Clarendon, and one of the first of the 
household troops to go over to the Prince of 
Orange. In return, he was made gov. of N.Y., 
where he arrived. May 3, 1702. He was ra- 
pacious and bigoted to such a degree as to have 
left the memory of the worst gov. ever app. to 
the Colony. He imprisoned two ministers sent 
out from Lond., for preaching without license. 
It was not unusual for him to dress in women's 
costume, and then patrol the fort in which he 
resided. He earned the contempt, as well as 
the hatred, of the colonists. He was removed 
from office in 1708, when his creditors had 
him taken into custody, but, after the death 
of his father, returned to Eng., and succeeded 
to the earldom. 

Cornelius, Elias, D.D., educator and 
missionarv, b. Somers, N.Y'. 1794; d. Hart- 
ford, Ct., Feb. 12, 1832. Y.C. 1813. His father, 
surgeon's mate of Col. Angell's regt., and at 
one time an inmate of the " Jersey " prison- 
ship, d. Somers, N.Y., June 1-3, 1823, a. 65. 
He studied theolosy, and in 1816 became an 
agent of the A. B. C. F. M., and visited the 
Cherokee and Chickasaw Indians. The winter 
of 1818 was spent at N. Orleans in the employ 
of the Missionary Society of Ct. Installed 
colleague with Dr. Worcester at Salem in 
July, 1819, he was dismissed in Sept. 1826, 
having been app. sec. of the Amer. Education 
Society. In Oct. 1831, he was chosen sec. of 
the A. B. C. F. M. Contrib. to the Qmrtfrlij 
Journal, and pub. annual reports of the Educa- 
tion Society. — See Memoir, by D. B. Edwards, 
1833. 

Cornell, Gen. Ezekiel, Revol. officer of 
Scituate, R.I. App. in 1775 lieut.-col. of Hitch- 
cock's regt. ; present at the siege of Boston ; 
dcp. adj.-gen. Oct. 1, 1776, and sulisequently 
brig.-gen. and com. of the brigade of State 
troops ; in service 3 years and .3 mos. ; disb. 
Mar. 16, 1780. This force was of great service 
in protecting the State during the British oc- 
cupation. Member of the Com. Congress, 
1780-3, and chairman of the military commit- 
tee. He was a mechanic before the war, but was 
self-educated, and established a valuable library 
in his native town. 

Cornell, W.m. Mason, M.D., D.D. (.Jeff. 
Coll. 1864), LL.D. (West. U. 1863), b. Berke- 



COR 



221 



COR 



ley, Ms., 16 Oct. 1802. B.U. 1827. Ord. 19 
Jan. 1830; pastor 1st Cong. Clnirch, Wood- 
stock, Ct., 18.32-4, and of the Trinit. Church, 
Qiiincy, 1834-9. He then studied medicine, 
and since 1845 has pract. chiefly in Boston. 
Author of some med. treatises, and eontrib. to 
many med. and religious periodicals. Eilitorof 
the Journal of Health, 1S4G-9. He now edits 
Pastor and Pmple, and Guardian of Health, and 
is preparing a medical dictionary. With a 
feeble consiitntion. Dr. C. has performed a 
large amount of literary labor. 

Corning, Er.\stus, merchant, and M.C. 
18.")7-9, 1861-3, and 1865-7; b. Norwich, Ct., 
Dec. 14, 1794. When 13 years of ago, he went 
to Troy, and entered the hardware store of his 
nncic, Cenj. Smith, the bulk of whose property 
he subse(juently inherited. In 1814, he removed 
to Albany, where he established the well-known 
house of Eiastus Corning & Co. Alderman 
of the city, and 3 years mayor. He was also, 
for several years, an influential railroad, bank, 
and Canal Co. pres. ; for several terms, a mem- 
ber of the State legisl. In 1863, he retired 
from the iron-business with a fortune of 5 
millions. Jlember of the peace congress. Mar. 
1861 ; delesate to the State Const. Conv. 1867. 

Cornplanter ( Garyan-wa h-gah ) , a celebrat- 
ed Seneca chief, b. Conewangus on the Gene- 
see River ; d. at the Seneca Reservation, Pa., 
Feb. 1 7, 1 836, a. ab. 100. He was a half breed, 
the son of John O'Bail, an Indian trader. 
He is first noticed as the leader of a war-party 
of Senecas, in alliance with the French against 
the English ; was present at Braddock's de- 
feat, and, at the period of the Revol., was one 
of those who spread destruction over the fron- 
tier settlements in N.Y. and the Valley of Wy- 
oming. During the war, he was the most in- 
veterate foe of America, for which he ever after 
manifested sincere friendship. He, with his as- 
sociate. Red Jacket, was for many years the 
counsellor and ]irotector of the interests of his 
people. Ho made great efforts to stop intem- 
perance in his nation, and was the first and 
most eloquent temperance-lecturer in America. 
In his later years, he cultivated a farm on the 
Alleghany River. 

Corilwalli3, Ch.\ki,es, Earl and Mar- 
quis, a I!riti>h gen., b. 31 Dec. 1738; d. Gha- 
zepore, India, 5 Oct. 1805. Eldest son of the 
first earl, before whose d., in 1 762, he was styled 
Lord Broome. Educated at Eton and Cam- 
bridge, he was a capt. in the army at the age 
of 20 ; was aiile-do-cam]) to Lord Granby in 
the German campaign of 1761, and, though an 
aide-de-camp and favorite of the king, opposed 
in the house of lords the measures which 
caused the Ainer. war. Notwithstanding this, 
he accepted a com., and, as maj.-gen., took part 
in the c.xped. under Sir Peter Parker, which 
attacked Charleston in June, 1776, and which 
failed in consequence of the gallant defence of 
Fort Moultrie. In Aug., he com. the reserve 
of Howe's ai'my, which drove the Americans 
from L.I., and through the Jerseys, but was 
ontgenerallcd by Washington at Trenton. He 
displayed great gallantry at the battle of Bran- 
ilywin'c, and com. the detachment which took 
possession of Phila., 24 Sept. 1777; shortly 
after which ho returned to Eng., and on his 



examination before the house of commons, 
respecting the conduct of Gen. Howe, testified 
strongly in his favor. He was present at the 
capture of Charleston in May, 1780 ; was made 
com. of the dist. of S.C. ; defeated Gen. Gates 
at Camden, 16 Aug. 1780 ; g.ained an unimpor- 
tant advantage ovir Gen. Greene at Guilford, 
15 .Vlar. 1781 ; and having invaded Va., and oc- 
cu|iied Yovktown, his embarkation thence was 
prevented by the fleet of DeGrasse, and he was 
compelled 'o surrender hisarmy of about 8,000 
men to the combined forces of Washington 
and Rochambeau, 19 Oct. 1781, virtually end- 
ing the war. He was the ablest and most en- 
ergetic of the British gens, employed in the 
Revol. war. He endeavored to place the blame 
of his capture on Sir II. Clinton, who repelled 
the charge; and Cornwallispiib. an " Answer" 
to Clinton's strictures upon his conduct. App. 
in 17S6 gov. gen. and com. -in-chief in India. 
In the war with Tippoo Saib, he took Banga- 
lore in 1791 ; w.is victorious at Seringapatam in 
1792, and compelled as the price of peace the 
cession of half his domains. Returning to 
Eng. in 1793, he was made a marquis, and 
master-gen. of the ordnance. Lord-licut. of Ire- 
land in 1798, he pacified the rebels by a mod- 
erate policy, negotiated the tri'aty of Amiens 
in 1802, and in 1805 was again app. gov. -gen. 
of India. Napoleon said of him, " He had tal- 
ent, great probity, sincerity, and never broke 
his word. He was the first to impress upon 
me a favorable opinion of Englishmen." 
Without brilliant talents, his enterprise, perse- 
verance, alacrity, and caution made him a suc- 
cessful general. 

Coronado (ko-ro-nah'-do), Fr.\ncesco 
Vasquez de, an early explorer of N. Mexico; 
d. 1542. Theexpcd.of Marco deNiza. in 1539, 
strengthened the belief in the existence of treas- 
ure among the Indian tribes north of Fla. ; and 
a second exped. was fitted out under Coronailo, 
which left Culiacan on the Pacific coast, in 
April, 1540. Passing through what is now 
Sonora, and crossing the Gila, he reached the 
little Colorado, and visited the fi\med cities of 
Cibola, but found the reports of their wealth 
imtrue. He found there "very excellent good 
stone houses 3, 4, or 5 stories high, wherein 
are good lodgings and fair chambers, with lad- 
ders instead of stairs." Drawings of these 
cities and houses were sent to Spain with his 
report. The people all wore mantles of cotton ; 
and cotton yarn was found in their houses. 
Thev reached the city of Quivera, the ruins of 
which are ab. 170 miles N.E. of El Paso. On 
his way hack, in March, 1542, Coronado fell 
from his horse at Tigucx, near the Rio Grande, 
" and," says the narrative, " with the fall fell 
out his wits, and he became mad." The nar- 
rative of this exped. furnishes the first authen- 
tic account of tlie bufl^ilo and the great prairies 
and plains of N. Mexico. 

Correa da Serra, Abbe Joseph Frax- 

cis, LL.D. (H. U. 1823), Portuguese botanist, 
and minister-plcnipo. to the U. S., 1816-21, b. 
Serpa, 1750 ; d. Caldas, U Sept. 1823. Chosen 
perpetual sec. of the Acad, of Sciences of Lis- 
bon ab. 1780. He studied at Rome and Na- 
ples, and, after residing 1 1 years at Paris, came 
in 1813 to the U. S. to prosecute researches in 



COR 



doa 



nattirn! history. Ab. 1814, he supplied the place 
of Jlr. Barton as prof, of botany in Phila. He 
pub. several liot.inical papers, — one, on the soil 
of Ky., in Am. Philos. Trans, i., new series. 

Corse, John M., bri^.-fjen. vols. (11 Aug. 
1S6.3.) Col. 6th la. vol*:, distincr. at Chicka- 
mauga. In Oct. 1864, he defended Alatoona 
with success BL'ainst a superior force of Con- 
federates, and com. a division of Sherman's army 
in its march through Ga. and the Carolinas. 

Corse, MoNTGOMEitT D., brifr.-cen. C.S.A., 
b. Ale.\., D.C., 14 Mar. 1816. Capt. in Mcx. 
war. Engaged in banking at Aiex. when the 
war broke out. Maj. and afterwards col. 17th 
Va. regt. ; brig.-gen. 1 Nov. 18C2. Wounded 
at second Bull Run, Boonshoro', and Antie- 
tam ; afterward com. a brigade in Pickett's div. 
in the cxped. against Knoxvillc, and captured 
at Sailor's Creek, Va.. in Apr. 18G5. Con- 
fined some mouths at Fort Warren. 

COrtereal, Gaspard, a Portuguese navi- 
g.\tor, b Li- lion ; d. l.iOl. In the year 1500, 
this intrepid n.avigator, by appointment of the 
King of Portu'j-Ml, left the" month of the Tagus 
with 2 ships, well equipped, and at his own cost, 
and proceeded as far as the regions since known 
by the name of Canada. He reached 60° north, 
and imposed upon many j)laces purely Portu- 
guese names, such as Labrador. Sebastian Ca- 
bot had visited thesecoasts in 1497, but hedid 
not land upon them. After his return from this 
voyage, he again left Lisbon for the arctic re- 
gions. May 13, 1.501, but never returned : and an 
exped. sent by King Emanuel in 150.3 found 
no traces of him. In this last voyage, he seized 
and canied off 57 natives, most of whom were 
lost in his ship. The other ship reached Lis- 
bon in Oct. 1501. His father, .JoHV Vaz 
CooTA CoRTEREAL, a gentleman of the house- 
hold of Alphonso V. of Portugal, is said to 
have discovered Newfoundland ab. 1463. 

Cortes (kor'ifz), Hern'axdo, conqueror 
of Mexico, b. Medellin, Estremadnra, I4S5; d. 
near Seville, Dec. 2, 1547. He left the U. of 
Salamanca in 1501, and was bred to the legal 
profession, which he quitted for military life. 
In 1504, he went to the W. Indies; was re- 
ceived with favor by the gov. of Hispaniola ; 
was employed nnder Diego Velasquez in paci- 
fying a revolt, and received from his countrv- 
man Ovando a ri/mrtimiento of Indians, and'a 
notarial office in Azuna. He held successively 
several appointments, and in 15U accomp. Ve- 
lasquez to subdue and colonize Cuba. He af- 
terwards held the office of alcalde of Santiago 
in the new colony. He received from Velas- 
quez, gov. of Cuba, the com. of a fleet sent on 
a voyage of discovery. Nov. 18, 1518, with 10 
small vessels and 600 Spaniards, he left San- 
tiago, and arrived in the Gu'f of Jlexico. where 
he burnt his ships, that his soldiers might have 
no other resource than their own- valor. He 
first landed on the shores of Mexic ■, in the 
province of Tabasco, Mar. 4, 1519. "The na- 
tives were greatly terrified by tlie movable for- 
tresses in which they came, the iron which cov- 
ered them, the horses on which they were 
mounted, and the noise of the cannon. Having 
conquered the TlascaKans, and induced them to 
become his allies, Cortes entered the city of 
Mexico, Nov. 8, 1519, and was received by 



Montezuma, the sovereign of the country, as hi3 
master, and was regarded by the natives as a 
god, and a child of the sun. By allying him- 
self to those caciques who were inimical to 
Montezuma, cm|doying force or stratagem with 
others, he obtained possession of a great por- 
tion of the country. A chieftain, acting under 
secret orders from Montezuma, having attacked 
the Spaniards, Cortes repaired to the imperial 
palace, had the com. and his officers burnt 
alive, and forced the emperor, while in chains, 
publicly to acknowledge the sovereignty of 
Charles V. To this homage he a'lded a pres- 
ent of a Large quamity of pure gold and a num- 
ber of precious stones. Meantime, the jealousy 
of Velasquez was so aroused by the deeds of 
his representative, that he sent an army against 
him under Narvaez. Re-enforced by fresh troops 
from Spain, Cortes advanced to meet them, 
was victorious, and, uniting the vanquished 
troops with his own, again made war with the 
Mexicans, who had revolted a_'ainst Monte- 
zuma, whom they accused of treachery. Mon- 
tezuma having, in the attempt to restore tran- 
quillity, fallen a victim to the rage of the mul- 
titude, his nephew and son-in-law, Guatimozin, 
succeeded him, and successfully resisted the 
Spaniards for thi-ee months, but could not with- 
stand their artillery. Cortes again entered 
Mexico ; and Guatimozin, with many of his 
nobles, was executed in 1521, after he had un- 
dergone horrid tortures to compel him to dis- 
close the place where his treasure was con- 
cealed. Commissioners having been sent to 
inspect and control his measures by the court 
of Madrid, which had become jealous of the 
power of Cortes, who had some time before been 
app. capt. -gen. and gov. of Mexico, his property 
was seized, his de|)enilcnts were imprisoned; 
and in 1523 he returned to Spain. His recep- 
tion was flattering, anil he returned to Mexico 
in 1.530, with' an increase of titles, but a dimi- 
nution of ])Ower. The civil administration 
was in charge of a viceroy ; and Cortes, with the 
railitaiw command, had the privilege of pros- 
ecuting his discoveries. Dissension ensued ; 
and though, in 1 536, he discovered the Peninsula 
of California, many of his plans were frustrated, 
and his life imbittercd ; and on his tinal re- 
turn to Spain, in 1540, he was received coldly, 
and neglected. Once, having forced his way 
through a crowd round the carriage of the 
king, Charles coldly inquired who he was. " I 
am a man," replied Cortes, " who has gained 
you more provinces than yonr father left yon 
towns." His " Letters and Despatches," transl. 
by George Folsom. were pub. 8vo., N. V., 1843. 
' Corwin, Thomas, statesman, h. Bourbon 
Co., Kv., Julv 29, 1794; d. Washington, D.C., 
Dec. 18, 1865. His father, Matthias, manr 
years a member of the O. legisl.. removed with 
"his family to 0. in 1798. and settled near Leb- 
anon, Warren Co. Thomas was reared on a 
farm, had few opportunities tor education, 'arly 
exhibited a talent for oratory, was in May, 1818, 
adm. to the bar, ami at once took high rank. 
His eloquence was unrivalled. Jlember of the 
State legisl. in 1822-9 ; M. C. 1831-40. Dur- 
ing the" administrations of J:'.ckson and Van 
Suren he uniformly sided with the Whigs. In 
1836 and 1840, he" supportcil Gen. Harrison. 



COS 



COTJ 



Whig candidate for gov. of Ohio in 1S40, lie 
made speeches in almost everv county of the 
State, and contributed more than any other 
person to swell Harrison's majority. Gov. 
1841-2; U. S. senator 1845-50. His speech 
on the Mexican war is one of his ablest efforts. 
Sec. U. S. treas. July, 18.M-Mar. lSo3 ; M. C. 
1859-61 ; app. minister to Mexico in 1861, 
hut came home on the arrival of Maxiniiliiau. 
— i''"^ Lif' uiid iipeeches, cd. bij Isaac 6tro!im, 
1 S.'.O. 

Cosby, William, gov. of X. Y. from IT.'Jl 
till his d., ilar. 7, 1 736. He had been pix-vioasjy 
j;ov. of Minorca ami of the Leeward Islands, 
and a col. in the army. His ad.iduistration 
was turbulent and unpopular. He app. De- 
lancy, a man of intrigue, liis successor ; held in 
contempt the elective Iranchlse; and continued 
the same assembly 6 years, without permitting 
its dissolution. 

Costa da, i'i.aldio Maxoel, a Brazilian 
poet, b. \'2J ; d. 1789. iCdncated at Coimbra, 
lie ivtnrned to Brazil, and wrote' " V'iilarica," 
and other poems of merit. 

Cottineau, Uenis Nicholas, capt. in the 
Revol. navy of the U. S., h. Xantes, France ; 
d. Savannah, Ga., Nov. 29, 1S08, a. 62. For- 
merly a lieut. in the French navy, and a knight 
of the order of St. Louis ; com.'" The Pallas " 
in the battle of Paul Jones with the British 
squadron nndcr Sir R. Pearson. 

Cotton, Joiix, one of the first ministers of 
Boston, b. Derbv, Eiig., Dec. +, 1585 ; d. Bos- 
ton, Dec. 23, 1652. He entered Trin. Coll. at 
13 ; afterward removed to Emanuel Coll., and 
became a lecturer and tutor there. Ab. 1612, 
he became vicar of St. Botolph's Church, Bos- 
ton, Lincolnshire, where for more than 20 vears 
he was a noted preacher and controversialist, 
inclining toward the Puritan worship. Cited 
to appear before Archbishop Laud for not 
kneeling at the sacrament, he fled to London, 
and thence to An)erica, landing in Boston, Sept. 
4, 1633. Oct. 17, he was ord. coilea.;ue with 
Mr. Wilson, and teacher of the Boston Church. 
For 19 years, he was so inlluemiMl as to have 
been called the patriarch of New En;;land. In 
1642, he was invited, together with Hooker and 
Davenport, to assist the assembly of divines at 
Westminster, and was in favor of accepting 
the invitation, but was dissuaded by Hooker, 
who was himself forming a system of church 
govt for New England. His death was brought 
on by exposure in cro.'sing the ferry to Cam- 
hrige, where he was going to preach. He was 
a man of learning, a critic in Greek, wrote 
Latin with elegance, and could discourse in He- 
brew. Simple and plain in his discourses, he 
was exceedingly efteciive in exciting attention 
to religion His publications were numerous, 
mostly sermons and controversial works, the 
most imiionant being his controversy with 
linger Williams, and his " Power of the Keys," 
on the nature of church ^'overnment. He de- 
tended, against Ro^r Williams, the interler- 
ence of the civil power in religious afi'airs for 
the support of truth. A monumental tablet, 
nith a Latin insiri))tion by Eilward Everett, 
was erected in St. Botolph's Church. Boston, 
Eng., in 1857, in his honor, chiefly by contri- 
butions from his descendants in Boston. A 



memoir, by John Norton, with notes by Prof. 
Enoch Pond, was pub. Boston, 1834. His son 
Seaborx (H. C. 1651) was minister of Hamp- 
ton, N.H., 1660-86. 

Cotton, Jons, b. Boston, Mar. 13, 1640; 
d. Charleston, S.C , Sjpt. 18, 1699. Minister 
of Plymouth, -Ms., from June 30, 1669, to Oct. 
5, 16a7; of Martha's Vineyard from 1664 to 
1667; and of Charleston," S. C, in 1698-9. 
H. U. 1657. Son of the preceding. Eminent 
for his knowledge of the Lulian language. He 
rendered great assistance to Thos. Mayhew at 
Marth.i's Vineyard; frequently preached to the 
aborigines while at Plymouth ; and revised and 
corrected Eliot's Indian Bible, printed at Cam- 
bridge in 1685. His sons, John, Rolar.d, and 
Thcophilus, were ministers. 

Cotton, JosiAii, judge, and preacher to the 
Indians, b. Pivmouth, Jan. 8, 1680; d. Aug. 
19,1756. U. U. 1698. Grau.lson of Kev John 
l^otton. He studied theolo_;y, taught school 
iu .Marblehcad and Pi\mou.ii^ and, though not 
ord. over any church, preached occasionally for 
several years. He also gave his attention to 
agriculture, having a good farm in the north 
part of Plymouth. Having acquired consider- 
able knowledge of the Indian language, he vis- 
ited various tribes in Plymouth Colony as a mis- 
sionary during nearly 40 years. lie was also 
clerk of the County Court, register of probate, 
and justice of the peace. He prepared a vocabu- 
lary of the language of the JIs. Indians, pub. in 
Ms. Hist. Colls., vol. ii., 3d series. 

Couch, Dabius Nash, maj.-gen. vols., 
b. I>utnam Co., N.Y., July 23, 1822. West 
Point, 1846. Entering the 4th Artillery, he 
served in the Mexican war ; was brev. tor gal-, 
iantry at Buena Vista, Feb. 1847, and became 
1st lieut. Dec. 1847. He was afterward in com. 
at Key West barracks ; aided in suppressing the 
last outbreak of the Seininoles, and in 1853 
made a seientitic tour iu Mexico, pub. under 
the title of "Notes of Travel." In 1855, he re- 
signed, and engaged in mercantile pursuits iu 
N. Y. City, but in 1859 removed to Taunton, 
Ms. June 15, 1861, he became col. 7th Ms. 
regt., and in Aug. brig.-gen., dating from May 
17. On the re-organization of the Potomac A»- 
my, lie was assigned the com. of a division in 
the corps of Gen. Keyes, with which he greatly 
disting. himself at the battles of Fair Oaks, 
Williamsburg, and Malvern Hills. Promoted 
to nuij.-gen. July 4, 1862, he took part in the 
battle of Antietam, in Franklin's corps, and 
was soon after put in com. of the 2d (late Sum- 
ner's) array corps. He took a prominent part 
in IJurnside's operations at Fredericksburg, 
Hooker's at Chancellorsville ; com. dept. of the 
Susquehannah, June, lS63-Dec. 1864; com. 2d 
div. 23il corps in the defeat of Hood near Nash- 
ville, and also in the operations in N.C. in Feb. 
1865. Pres. of a Va. mining and manuf. eo. 
since 1807.— CiiHum. 

Court de Gebelin (koordeh zhab'-lan'), 
Axioixt;, a French author, b. Nismes, 1725 ; d. 
Paris, iluy 10, 1784. A preacher in early life, 
he established himself in Paris in 1763, and, be- 
tween 1775 and 1784, pub. 9 vols, of bis great 
work, " Lv Monde Priinilif." He symjiathized 
deeply with the American struggle tor inde- 
peudence, and co-operated with Franklin and 



COXJ 



224 



cox 



others in tlie publication of a work advocating 
the American cause, enm\<:d"Affains de t'Aii- 
ylelerre et de l'Ani&i(]ue," 15 vols., 1776, et. se</. 
He was the author of a defence of animal maj^- 
netisni, and of a variety of worlis, liistorical, 
philosophical, and political. 

Courtenay, Euw.iKo H., LL.D. (H. Sid. 

Coll. 1S46), mathematician, b. Md., 1803; d. 
Charlotteville, Va., 21 IJec. 185.3. West Point 
(1st in class), 1821. Teacher and prof of math, 
and exper. philos. therefrom 1828 to 31 Dec. 
1834 ; prof of math. U. of Pa., 1834-6, and at 
U. of Va., 1842-53. Engr. in construct, of Ft. 
Independence, Boston Harbor, 1837— tl ; chief- 
enf:r. of dry dock, Brooklyn navy-yard, 1841-2. 
Author of " Elem. Treatise on Mechanics," 
from the French of Boucharlat, 18.33; and 
" Treatise on Differential and Integral Calcu- 
lus, and Calculus of Variations," 1855. A.M. 
U. of Pa., 1854. 

Covington, Leonabd, brig. -Ren. U.S.A., 
b. Aquasco, Prince George Co., JId., Oct. .30, 
1768; d. French Mills, Nov. 14,1813. Mar. 
14, 1792, he obtained from Washington the com. 
of lieut. of dragoons ; joined the army under 
Gen. Wayne ; disting. himselfat Fort Recovery 
and the battle of Miami ; was honorably men- 
tioned in Wayne's official report ; was promoted 
to the rank of capt. in July, 1794, and retired 
to the pursuits of agriculture. Many years a 
member of the legisl. of Md.; was M.C. from 
180.") to 1807 ; was app. in 1809 lieut.-col. of 
a regt. of eav. ; in Aug. 1813, he was app. brig.- 
gen., and ordered to the northern frontier. At 
the battle of Chrystler's Fields, he received a 
mortal wound, and died 2 days after. He had 
the reputation of being one of the best officers 
in the service. 

Covode, John, M.C. from Pa., 1855-63 
and 1867-9, b. Westmoreland Co., Pa., 1 7 Mar. 
1808; d. Harrisburg, 11 Jan. 1871. He was 
a lariner, and was extensively engaged in coal- 
mining. Chairman of a special committee of 
36th Congress to investigate certain charges 
against Pres. Buchanan ; and his " Report," 
pub by Congress, attracted much attention at 
the time. 

. Cowdery, Dr. Jonathan, senior smgeon 
U. b. N., b Saiidisfield, Ms., Apr. 22, 1767 ; d. 
Norfolk, Va., Nov. 20, 1852. App. assist, 
surg., Jan. 1, 1800; surgeon, Nov. 27, 1804. 
He served in the frigate" Philadelphia," which 
was stranded on the coast of Tripoli, Oct. 31, 
1803, and was a prisoner in the hands of the 
Turks nearly 2 years. In 1806, he pub. a 
journal of this captivity. 

Cowell, Benjamin, b. VVrentham, Ms., 
1 7SJ ; d. Providence, R.I., May 6, 1860. B.U. 
1803. He settled as a lawyer in Prov. ; was 
clerk of the federal courts, and for a time chief- 
justice C.C.P. He pub. in 1850 a vol. of Rcvol. 
history, entitled " The Spirit of '76." 

Cowell, JoSKPH, comedian, b. Kent, Eng., 
Aug. 7, 1792; d. Lond., Nov. 14, 1803. He 
made his d^lml, Jan. 23. I8I2, at Daven- 
port, Eng. First app. in the U.S. as Le Clair 
in "Foundling of the Forest" at the Park, 
N.Y., in Oct. 1821. Kate Bateman is a grand- 
daughter. Author of "30 Years among the 
Players of Eng. and Amer," 8vo, N.Y. 1844. 

Coxe, Abthlb C'LLVtLAXD, D.D., Prot.- 



Epis. bishop of Western N.Y. Son of Rev. 
S. H. Coxe, b. Mendham, N.J., May 10, 1818. 
U. of N.Y. 1838. He took orders in 1841 ; 
became rector of Si. John's, Hartford, Ct., 
1842, and was settled successively at Morris- 
ania, Hartford, and Baltimore, where he was 
rector of Grace Church in 1 854-64, and Jan. 4, 
1865, was eonsec. at Geneva bishop of West- 
ern N.Y. He has written " Christian Bal- 
lads," a vol. of religious poems, N.Y., 1840 ; 
" Saul, a Mystery, and Other Poems," 1845 ; 
a vol. of travels in England, 1856; a coll. of 
sermons, 1 855 ; " Halloween and Other Poems," 
1844; "Advent, a Mystery, a Dramatic 
Poem," 1837 ; " Athwold, a Romaunt," 1838 ; 
" .Saint Jonatlian, the Lay of a Scald," 1838 ; 
" Athanasion, and Other Poems," 1842; 
" Thoughts on the Services." He visited Eng. 
in 1 851. While at Baltimore, he nobly main- 
tained the cause of the Union, against great 
and bitter opposition, during the Rebellion. 

Cox, .Jacob Dolson, maj.-gen. vols., b. 
Montreal, Canada, Oct. 27, 1828. His mother 
was a lineal descendant of Elder William 
Brewster. His parents resided in N.Y. City, 
where the son studied law for some time, after- 
ward spending 3 years at Oberlin Coll., O., 
and was adm. to the bar in 1852. He practised 
at Warren, O., until elected State senator in 
1859. In Apr. 1861, he was made brig.- 
gcn. State militia, and placed in com. of a 
camp of instruction. Brig. -gen. of vols., May 

15, 1861, he com. in the Kanawlia Valley, anil 
soon drove out Gen. Wise, and took Gauley 
Bridge. He remained in com. of this dcpt. 
except for a short time, when Gen. Rosecrans 
was over him, until Aug. 1862, when he was 
assigned to the Army of Va. under Gen. Pope. 
Oct. 6, 1862, he was ordered to the district of 
the Kanawha ; com. the 9th army corps after 
the death of Gen. Reno ; at South ilountain, 
Sept. 14, 1862, and, 3 days after, Antietain. 
Placed in com. of the district of Ohio, Apr. 

16, 1863, and of a division of the 23d army- 
corps, he served in the Atlanta campaign of 
1864, and was in the battles of Franklin and 
Nashville, Tenn. Maj.-gen. for these disting. 
services from Dec. 7, 1864. In Mar. 1865, 
after fighting a battle at Kinston, N.C., he 
joined Sherman's army. Gov. of O., 1866-8 ; 
sec. of the interior, 1869 to Nov. 1870. 

Cox, James, b. Monmouth Co., N.J., 1753 ; 
d. there Sept. 12, 1810. Several years mem- 
ber of the legisl. anci speaker of the assembly ; 
com. a company of militia at Gcrmantown 
and Monmouth, and was subsequently a brig.- 
gen. of militia; M.C. 1809-10. 

Coxe, John Rkdm.vx, M.D., b. Trenton, 
N.J., 1773; d Phila., Mar. 22, 1864. He stud- 
ied medicine under Dr. Rush, and at London, 
Paris, and Edinl)urgh. Settled in Phila. in 
1796; was port-physician in 1798, during the 
yellow-fevei' visitation ; was for several years a 
physician of the Pa. hospital and of the Phila. 
dispensatory ; prof, of chemistry in the U. of 
Pa. in 1809-18, and prof, of materia medica 
from 1818 to 1835. He first introduced vac- 
cination in Phila. Dr. Coxe never had a sick 
day, and d., aged 91, without any appreciable 
disease. He pub. "On Inflammation," 8vo, 
1794; "Importance, &c., of Medicine," 8vo, 



cox 



225 



CRA. 



1800; "Vaccination," 8vo, 1800; "Combus- 
tion, &c.," 8vo, 1811 ; " Amor. Dispensatory," 
8vo, 1827 ; " Hrfut. of Harvey's Claim to the 
Uiscov. of the Circulation of tlie Blood," 8vo, 
1834; "Female Biography;" " Ketog. of 
FrieiiJs in Another Woriil," 1843, 1i>itio. 
Edited Phila. Med. ilasL-um, 6 vols., 8vo, 180.5, 
new series, 1811 ; " Kmporiuni of Arts and 
Sciences," 5 vols., 8vo, 1812. 

Cox, Lemuel, an eminent mechanic, b. 
Boston, Ms., 1736; d. Charlc-town, Ms., Feb. 
18, 1806. Near the close of 1775, he was in 
prison at Ipswich for his attachment to the 
cause of the crown. Air. Felt, in his " Annals 
of Salem," supposes hiui to have been the per- 
son who was the chief architect of Esse.K bridge 
in 1783, and who subsecjuently constructed 
bridges in £n;ij. and Ireland. " In 1796," says 
Mr. Felt, " he had a grant of l.OOU acres of 
land in Me., from ourlegisl., for being the first 
inventor of a machine to cut card-wire, the 
first projector ot a powder-mill in Ms., the first 
suggester of employing prisoners on Castle Is- 
land to make nails, and for various other dis- 
coveries in mechanical arts." The celebrated 
bridge at Waterford, Ireland, was in 1793 built 
under his direction and superintendence. He 
also built bridges from Salem to Beverly, and 
over the Mystic River to Maiden. — iiabine ; 
Bradford. 

Coxe, M.^RGARBT, b. Burlington, N.J. 
Pub. " Claims of the Country on Amer. Fe- 
males," 2 verts., 12mo, Columbus, 1842; "Bot- 
any of the Scriptures ; " " Wonders of the 
Deep ; " " Young Ladies' Companion and To- 
ken," 12mo. — AUilione. 

Cox, Samdel Hanson, D.D., LL.D., 
Presb. divine, b. Leesville, N.J., Aug. 25, 1793. 
Commenced the study of law in 1811, afterward 
studied theologv, and was ord. by the N.J. 
Presbytery, July 1, 1817. From 1820 iS 18.33, 
he had charge of the Spring-st. Cluircli, N.Y ; 
prof, of sacred rhetoric at Auburn, N.Y., from 
1834 to May, 1337, and from ihat time until 
1854, when obliged by the failure of his voice 
to give up his charge, pastor of the First Presb. 
Cuiiicli in Brooklyn. Having sympathized 
Willi, and aided iu founding the Antislavery 
Society, he was one of the sufferers by a mob, 
and had his house and church sacked, July 10. 
1834. He successively advocated abolition, 
temperance, colonization, and New School Pres- 
byterianisra, and the Evangelical Alliance, and 
raaks high cs a writer and preacher. He has 
been Irequentiy a delegate to the religious anni- 
vcr.-aries in London. Author of " Quakerism 
not Christianity," " Interviews, Memorable 
and Useful, from the Diary of Memory," N.Y., 
1853, and other publications. Father of Bishop 
A. C. Coxe. 

Cox, Samcel Sullivan (" Sunset" Cox), 
b. Zane^ville, O. Brown U. 1846. He became 
a lawyer and an editor in O. ; was sec. of le- 
gation to Peru iu 1855; M.C. 1857-65 and 
1869-71, and is an occasional lecturer. Au- 
thor of " The Buckeye Abroad," N Y., 1852 ; 
" Eight Years in Congress," 1865, and " Search 
for Winter Sunbeams." 

Coxe, Tench, writer on political economy, 

b. Phila., May 22, 1755 ; d. there July 17, 1824. 

His great-grandfather. Dr. Daniel Coxe of 

16 



Lond., was the proprietor of West New Jersey 
and of Carolina, between the 31st and 36iii 
parallels of N. latitude. He had been physi- 
cian to Queen Anne, and was a gov. of St. 
Bartholomew's Hospital in London. In 1698, 
he sent 2 ships and several hundred colonists 
to settle this territory, which were the first ships 
to enter the Mpi. from the sea. The colonists 
were, however, by French machinations, divert- 
ed from their purpose, and settled in S.C. His 
son. Col. Daniel, inherited his Interests; came 
over in 1702 ; resided at Burlington, and then 
at Trenton, N.J. ; tilled important stations in 
that province; was speaker of the assembly iu 
1716; judge of the Sup. Ct. 1734-9, and wrote 
" A Description of the Province of Carolina," 
8vo, Lond., 1722; "Collect, of Vovages and 
Travels," 8vo, 1741 ; d. Trenton, May, 1739. 
Tench was educated at the Phila. Coll. ; became 
a partner in business with his father, Wm., in 
May, 1776; was a commis.sioner to the Federal 
convention at Annapolis, in 1786; member of 
the Cont. Congress in 1788 ; .nssist. sec. of the 
treas. May, 1790 ; commissioner of the revenue 
May, 1792, and purveyor of the public supplies 
from 1803 to 1812. He devoted his life to the 
encouragement of our manufactures. His sym- 
pathies appeared to be on the side of the crown 
during the Hevol. He pub. " A Brief Exam- 
ination of Lord Sheffield's Observations on the 
Commerce of the U.S.," 1792; "A View of 
the U.S.," 1794, and " A Statement of the Arts 
and Manufactures of the U.S. lor 1810," 1814 ; 
"An Address on American Manufactures," 
" An Inquiry into the Principles of a Commer- 
cial System "for the U.S.," 1787; "Thoughts 
on the Naval Power, and the Encouragement 
of Commerce and Manufactures," 1806; 
" Memoir on the Cultivation, Trade, and 
Manufacture of Cotton," -1807; "On the 
Navigation Act," 1809. — Simpson. 

Cox, William, author, b. Eng. ; d. there 
ab. 1851. He came to the U.S. in earlv life ; 
was a ijrinter ; was employed in the N. i . Mir- 
ror, to which he w.as a contrib., and pub. 
" Crayon Sketches," 2 vols., 1833. 

Cozzens, Frederick SwAETwoni, au- 
thor, b. N.Y., March 5, 1818; d. Brooklyn, 
Dec. 23, 1869. He was educated in his native 
city. In 1833, he coll. a series of articles con- 
trib. to the Knickerbocker Magazine, in a vol. 
entitled " Prisniatics," by Richard Hayward. 
In 1856, he pub. the " Sparrowgrass Papers." 
A leading wine-merchant, he pub., in connec- 
tion with his business, a periodical entitled the 
" Wine Press," for which, as well as for other 
publications, he wrote interesting essays oi 
grape-culture. In 1858, he attended the copy- 
right congress of Brussels, as delegate of the 
N.Y. Publishers' As,sociation. Author of 
" Acadia ; or, A Sojourn among the Blue- 
noses," 12mo, 1858; "Stone House on the 
Susquehanna;" "Memorial of Fitzgreene Hal- 
leck," 1868. 

Cozzens, Issachar, nncle of F. S., b. 
Newport, IM, 1781. Pub. "Geological His- 
tory of NY. Island," N.Y., 8vo, 1843. 

Crabbe, Tuomas, rear-adm. U.S.N., b. 
Md. Midshipm. Nov. 15, 1809; lieut. Feb. 4, 
1815 ; com. Mar. 3, 1835; capt. Sept. 8, 1841; 
comnio. July 16, 1862; rearadm. retired list. 



CE-A. 



226 



CRA. 



July 25, 1 866. Engaged in attack bj- gunboats 
on 3 13i-iiisli frigates in Hampton Houds. June 
20, 1813; also in repelling attack on Craney 
Island,. June 22, 1813 ; com. sloop of war" Van- 
dalia," W.I. squadron, 1837 ; and, during the 
Seminole war, had charge of Fon Brooke, Tam- 
pa Bay, Jan. 28 to May 17, 1837 ; com. frigate 
" Brandywine," Brazil squad., 1841 ; steam- 
sloop " San Jacinto," Mcdit. squad., 1852-3; 
com. squad, coast of Africa, i8.')J-7 ; prize 
conimis., East. Uist. Pa., 1864-5. — Ilamersli/. 

Cradock, Matthew, first gov. of the Ms. 
Com|iaiiy ( 1 8 Mar. 1028), an opulent Lond. mer- 
cliant ; d. May 27, 1641. " He was," Hutchin- 
son says, " more forward in advancing out of his 
substance than any other, being generally the 
highest in all sub.-icripiions," and at his decease 
left a large claim upon the Colony. He con- 
linuud many years to carry on a trade in the 
Colony by his servants ; but he never cuine over. 
To him is due the important measure of trans- 
ferring the govt, from tlie Lond. company to 
llie inhabitants here, a measure pregnant with 
independence. He was a member of the cele- 
brated Long Parliament from the city of 
London, in 1640.— N.E. U. and Geneat. Reg., 
viii. 27. 

Cradock, Thomas, rector of St. Thomas's 
Church, Baltimore Co., Md. ; d. 17G0. He 
preached a sermon in 1753, before the gov. and 
assembly, on the irregularities of the clergy. 
In 1756, he pub. aversion of the Psalms, in 
heroic measure. 

Crafts, Samuel Chandler, jurist and 
statesman, b. Woodstock, Ct., Oct. 6, 17C8; 
d. Craftsbury, Vt., Nov. 19, 18.53. H.U. 1790. 
His father. Col. Ebenezer Crafts, founded Lei- 
cester Acad. ; settled in Vt. in 1790; d. 1810, 
a. 70. Y.C. 1759. The son was town-clerk 
of Craftsbury, 1792-1829; youngest delegate to 
the State Const. Conv. in 1793; was .several 
years a representative, and clerk of the house 
in 1798 and 1799; register of probate for the 
Orleans dist. from 1796 to 1815; member of 
the exec, council from 1809 to 1812 and from 
1825 to 1827 ; a judge of Orleans county court 
from 1800 to 1816, being pres. judge 'for the 
last si.t years, and from 1825 to 1828; and 
clerk of the court from 1836 to 1838; M. C. 
1817-25 ; gov. 1829-32 ; was pres. of the Cimst. 
Conv. in 1829, and in 1842 was app. a U.S. sena- 
tor. M.A. of the U. of Vermont, 1809. In 
June, 1802, while there were but a lew log- 
huts on the site of the present city of Cincin- 
nati, he commenced a tour of observation to 
the Lower Mpi., and, in company with Mi- 
chau.\ the younger, made a botanical rccon- 
noi-sance of the Valley of the Great West in 
-canoe-s and arks. 

Crafts, William, lawyer and author, b. 
Charleston, S.C., Jan. 24, 1787; d. Lebanon 
Springs, N.Y., Sept. 23, 1826. H.U. 1805. He 
■was a successful practitioner, and an eloquent 
advocate of Charleston, especially in criminal 
cases, and was several years a member of tlie 
State legisl. As editor of the ChdiUslmi Courier 
he eontrib. many essays, suggested by topics 
of the day. He delivered the Phi Beta Kappa 
address at Cambridge, 1817, ami wrote a lew 
iiui'ui^; the "Sea Serpent," or " Gloucester 
.Uua.\." a drama In 3 aeis, and coulribs. to the 



" Omnium Botheium," a serial devoted tc 
local satire. A selection from his writings, 
irjcluding some of his orations, was pub. at 
Charleston in 1828, with a memoir, by Rev. 
Samuel Oilman. 

Cragin, Aahos II., senator, b. Weston, 
Vt., 3 Feb. 1821. Lawver; member Nil. 
legisl. IS52-5; M.C. 18.5'7-61 ; U.S. senator 
1S65-71 ; re-elected in 1870. 

Craig, Henky Knox, brev. brig.-gon. U. 
S.A., b. Pa. ; son of Isaac, a niaj. in the lievol. 
war, by a dau. of Gen. John Neville. Lieut, 
art. Mar. 17, 1812 ; engaged in the occupaiion 
of Port George, and night assault at Stony 
Creek, U.C. ; capt. Dee. 1813; brev. maj. Dec. 
23, 1823; maj. of ordnance, May 30, 18.32; 
disiing. in battles of Palo Alto andLaPalma; 
brev. lieut.-col. "for Monterey, Mex.," Sept. 
23, 1846; lieut.-col. Mar. 25, 1848; col. of ord- 
nance, July 10, 1851; retired, June 1, 1863; 
brev. brig. -gen. Mar. 13, 1865. — (Iwdner. 

Craig, Jamls, brig.-gen. vols., b. Pa. ab. 
1820. He studied law, and was admitted to 
the bar; removed to Mo., and settled at St. 
Joseph's; was a member of the Staie legisl. in 
1840-7; served in the Me.\. war, and was a 
capt. Mo. mounted rifles Irom Aug. 1847 to 
Nov. 1848; circuit-atty. 12th judicial circuit, 
Mo., from 1852 to 1856; Democratic M.C. in 
1857-61 ; app. a hrig.-gen. of vols. Mar. 21, 
1862, and eni].loyed in the West. 

Craig, SiK .Iames Henry, a British gen., 
b. Gibraltar, 1749; d. Jan. 12, 1812. Ensign 
in 1763 ; aide-de-camp to Gen. Boyd at Gil>ral- 
tar in 1770; in 1771, capt. 47th Foot, with 
which he went to America in 1774; was in 
the battle of Lexington;' severely wounded at 
Bunker's Hiil, again at Hubbardtoii, and n 
third time at Freeman's Farm, Sept. 19, 1777. 
Ineluiled in the couvenlion at Saraloga, sent 
to Eng. with despatches, ami app. maj. 82d, 
Dec. 1777. He was engaged in the operations 
on the Penobscot in 1779; wasorilered to the 
South; in Jan. 1781 occu])ied Wilmington, 
N.C., which he abandoned when Cornwallis 
surrendered in Nov. 1781, when he held the 
rank ot lieut.-col. He saw much active ser- 
vice, usually in com. of light troops, and was 
an officer of merit. As a nuij.-gen. lie com. 
the exped. against the Cape of Good Hope in 
1795, and in 1797 the successful exjied. against 
Manilla. Lieut.-gen. Jan. 1801. With Sir 
John Stuart, he led the army of the Mediter- 
ranean to Sicily in 1S05. App. com.-iu-chief 
of Canada in Aug. 1807, be proved wholly 
unfit for a civil station. He .saw in every op- 
ponent of his policy a disali'ceicil rebel, scizyd 
liberal presses, suppressed opposition, and em- 
ployed spies. He returned to Eng., June 19, 
ISl'l. 

Craig, Col. Thomas, Kcvol. officer ; d. 
Lehigh Co., Pa., Jan. 14, 1832, a. 92. Made 
capt. in St. Clair's batt. Jan. .5, 1776; maj. 
Sept. 7, 1776; col. 3d Pa. regt. 1777. 

Craighill, William P., maj. engr. corps 
U.S.A., b. Va. West Point, 1S.")3. Eniering 
the engr. corps, he became capt. 3 Mar. 1863; 
brev. lieut.-col. 13 Mar. 1865, for services in 
defence of Cumberland Gap; maj. 23 Nov. 
1865. He was engaged some years in the con- 
struction and repairs of Southern forts and 



C-RA. 



227 



CRA. 



harljors ; was assist, prof, of engineering at 
West Point, 18:)9-6.3; chief cngr. of Gen. G. 
W. Morgan's div., June-Oct. 1862, and of 
dept. of the Mononguhela, June-Aiig. 186.3; 
assist, engr. in construction of defences of Bait, 
hiirhor, Sept., l8G.3-.Jnne, 1864; chief engr. 
middle dept. and 8th army corps, Apr.-.June, 
I8G4. Compiler of "Army Officer's Pocket 
Companion," 1861 ; translator of Dufbur's 
" Coins lie Tacll'/iies," 1863, and, jointly with 
Cajit. Mendell, of Joraini's " Pr&is de I 'Art de 
la diiem," 1862. — Ciillum. 

CrEtik, James, M D., physician, b. Scot- 
land, 17.31 ; d. Fail-fax Co., Va., Feb. 6, 1814. 
Kilnciited for the medical service of the British 
army, he came to Va. in early life; was with 
Washington in the e.xped. against the French 
and Indians, in 1754, and the next year was in 
Bradrlocks fatal campaign. In 1775, by the 
aid of Washington, he was transferred to the 
medii'al dept. of the army, and rose to the first 
rank and distinction. In 1777, he was active 
in niiveiling the conspiracy to remove the 
commander-in-chief. In 1781, he was direCtor 
of the hospital at Yorktown. After the Revol., 
Craik settled near Monnt Vernon, and attended 
Washington in his last illness. 

Cralle, Richard K., author, b. S.C. ; d. 
Va., IDjune, 18G4. Rel.ativeor J. C. Calhoun, 
and his amanuensis while sec. of State, and 
pub. an edition of his works in 6 vols , with a 
memoir. Previously an editor in Washing- 
ton and a Swedenborgian clergyman. Author 
of some New Church publications. 

Cranch, Christopher Pease, artist 
and poet, son of Judge C, b. Alexandria, 
D C, .March 8, 1813. Col. Coll. 1831. He 
studied divinity .3 years at 11. U., but, in 1842, 
devoted himself to landscape-painting in N.Y. 
May 25, 1840, he delivered a poem at the 200th 
anniv. of the town of Qnincy. In 1847-8, he 
visited Italy; went again to Europe in 1853, 
and resided some years in Paris. During his 
10 years' absence, he executed many admira- 
ble landscapes. Since his return, he has re- 
sided in X.Y. and at Fishkill, and has painted 
views of Venice, some fruit-pieces, and other 
compositions. lie was one of the coniribs. to 
the Oiat, in which were jiub. some of his best 
poems. In 1854, a vol. of his poems appeared 
at Phila. He has also pub. two stories, " The 
Last of the Huggermupgers," 1856; and 
" Kobbnitozo," a sequel to the former, 1857. 
He still writes occasionally for various journals 
and magazines. 

Cranch, William, LL.D. (H.U. 1829), 
jurist, b. Weymouth, Ms., July 17, 1769; d. 
Washington, 'Sept. 1, 1855. H.U. 1787. 
RichanC his father, b. Eng., Nov. 1726; d. 
Oct. 16, 1811 ; came to Ms. in 1746; m. Mary, 
dau. of Rev. Wm. Smith of Weymouth ; was 
a man of learning; many years a member of 
the legisl., and judge of the C.C.P. ; pub. 
" Views of the Profiheoies concerning Anti- 
Christ." Wm. studied law ; was adm. to the 
bar in July, 1790; practised in Braintrec and 
in Haverhill, but in Oct. 1794, removed to 
Washington. In 1801, his hro.in-law, Pres. 
Adairis, app, him jun. assist, jmlge of the 
Circuit Court of the D.C , of which he was 
chief-justice from 1805 to 1855. In these 55 



years, but 2 of his decisions were overrul«d 
He pub. 9 vols, of Reports of U.S. Suprems 
Court, and 6 vols, of Reports of Circuit 
Court of D.C, from 1801 to 1841. He also 
prepared a code of laws for the district ; pub. 
a memoir of John Adams, Svo, 1827, and. in 
1.8.31, an address on temperance. Member of 
the Acad, of Arts and Sciences. 

Crane, Ichabod B., col. U.S.A., b. N J. ; 
d. Port Richmond, Staten Island, N Y., Oct. 
5, 1S57. App. 2d lieut. marines, Jan. 1809; 
capt. 3d Art. April 25, 1812; brev. maj. for 
merit, services, Xov. 13, 1813; maj. 4ih Art., 
Sept. 15, 1825; lieut.-col. 2d Art., Nov. 3, 
1832; col. 1st Art., June 27, 1843; gov. of 
Jlilitary Asylum at Washington. May, 1851 
to Xov. 1853 ; bro. of Com. Wm. M. Crane. — 
Omrlner. 

Crane, Col. John, Revol. officer of Ms. ; 
d. Aug. 21, 1805. He com. the regt. of Ms. 
Alt. throii;;h the war. During the siege of 
Brjsion, he held the rank of major, and did 
good service. 

Crane, Williaji Moxtgomert, com. 
U.S.X., l>. Elizabethtown, N,J., Feb. 1, 17S4 ; 
d. Washington, March 18, 1846. His father. 
Gen. Wm., severely wounded at Quebec, and 
a col. in the Revol. armv, d. Elizabethiown, 
July 30, 1814. Midship'ni. May 23, 1799; 
lieu't. July 20, 1803; com. March 4, 1813; 
capt. Nov. 22,1814. Comg. the brig " Vi.x- 
en," he disting. himself in the attack on Trip- 
oli, and was in " The Chesapeake," when at- 
tacked by "The Leopard." In July, 1812, while 
comg. the brig. " Nautilus," he was taken by 
" The Southampton," frigate. On his ex- 
change, he was ordered to the Lakes, where, in 
com. of " The Madison " and " Pike," in 
Chauncey's squadron, he served with distinc- 
tion for the remainder of the war. In 1827, 
in the flag-ship " Delaware," he com. the 
Mediterranean squadron, acting as joint com- 
missioner with Mr. Offley, U.S. consul at 
Smyrna, to open negotiations with the Otto- 
man Govt. App. navy commissioner in 1841, 
and in 1842 chief of the bureau of ordnance 
and hydrography. He died by his own hand ; 
cause unknown. 

Cranfleld, Edward, gov. of N.H., 1682- 
5 ; d. Eng., 1704. He exchanged a profitable 
officein Eng. to better his fortune here, but exer- 
cised his power in so arbitrary a manner, that 
he soon lost his place. Venturing to tax the 
people xvitbout their consent, he soon found "all 
his etforts ineffectual, and his authority con- 
temptible." The complaints were taken up by 
the lords of trade, and decided against him. 
Returning to Eng. in 1685, he was afterwards 
app. collector of Barbadoes. 

Crapo, Henry H., gov. of Mich., 1865-9, 
b. Dartmouth, Ms., 24 .Mav, 1804; d. Flint, 
Mich., July 23, 1869. He resided in New Bed- 
ford until his removal to Saginaw, Mich., in 
1856, where he entered largely into the lumber- 
business. State .senator in 1862, and at one 
time mayoi of Flint. 

Craven, Charles, sec. to the proprietors 
of S.C, and gov. in 1712-16. Ordered in 1713 
to sound Port Royal River, it is probalile that 
he founded Beaufort. The Yeniassees and 
other warlike tribes, having, in 1715, combined 



CRA. 



CHA. 



for the destruction of the Colony, Gov. Cra- 
ven Bt the head of 1,200 men, part of whom 
were blacks, defeated them in a series of des- 
penitc conflicts. 

Craven, Tusis Aug. M.iCDOKonoH, com- 
mander U.S.N., b Portsmouth, N.H. ; killed 
in the iron-ciad " Tecumsch," destroyed by a 
torpedo in Mobile Bay, Auii. .5, 1864. Slid- 
shipin.Feb. 2, 1829;lieut. 1841 ; com. Apr. 24, 
1 861 . He had seen 20 years' service, — 8 years' 
in the coast-survoy, — and, diirinji the civil 
war. com. " Tlie Crusader," " The Tuscarora," 
and "The Tcciimseh." 

Craven, Thomas T., rear-adm. U.S.N.,b. 
DC. Son of Tunis Craven of N J. Many 
years U.S. naval storekeeper at the Port^mouth 
an 1 Brooklvn navy-yards. Midshipm. Mav I, 
1822; lieu't. May 27, 1830; com. Dec. 'l6, 
1832; capt. June' 7, 1861; commo. July 16, 
1362 ; rear-adm. Oct. 10, 1866 ; lieut.-com. 
of the flatr-ship " Vincennes " in Wilkes's 
U.S. Explorin}: Exped., 1838-42. While at 
Valparaiso, in July, 1839, he was instrumental 
in saving ilie crew of a Chilian vessel, wrecked 
in a gale there, for which he was complimented 
by Sec. Paulding. From 18.51 to 1855, com. 
of midshipm., and instructor, U.S. naval acad. 
at Annapolis; June 27, 1861, he took com. 
of the Potomac flotilla, and of " The Brook- 
lvn," in the autumn of 1861. In the attack on 
Forts Jackson and St. Philip, " The Brook- 
lyn"hecanie entangled in the obstructions in the 
river, and was attacked by a ram and a steam- 
er. The latter received a broadside at 60 
yards, which put a stop to her attack ; while the 
chain-armor of " The Brooklyn " prevented in- 
jury by the shock from the ram. Capt. Craven 
took part in the subsequent engagements on 
the Mpi., until Aug. 1862. Com. N. Pacific 
sipiad., 1869. 

Crawford, Geokgb W., statesman and 
lawvcr, b. Colnmbia Co., Ga., Dec. 22, 1798. 
N. J. Coll. 1820. He studied law, and com- 
menced practice at Augusta, Ga., in 1822 ; 
wa- atty.-gen. 1827-31 ; was in the State legisl. 
from 1837 to 1842, with the exception of one 
year; M.C. 1843 ; gov. 1843-7, and a mem- 
ber of Pres. Taylor's cabinet, as sec. of war, 
1849-July, 185o'; subsequently visited Europe, 
since which time he has lived in retirement at 
his home in Richmond Co. — Lanman. 

Crawford, N.\THANiEL Macon, D.D., di- 
vine, b. near Lexington, Ga., Mar. 22, 1811. 
U. of Ga. .\ug. 1829. He studied law with 
his father, Wm. H. Crawford, but never prac- 
ti.H-d. Prof, of mathematics in Oglethorpe U., 
1837-41 ; licensed to preach ifi 1843, and onl. 
in ;he Baptist ministry, 1844. Pastor'iu Wash- 
ington, Ua., in 1845, and in Charleston, S.C., 
in 1846. Prof of biblical literature in Mercer 
U., 1847-54, and was pres. in 1855-6; in 1857, 
lie was prof, of mental and moral pbilos. in 
the U. of Mpi , and was prof, in the Western 
Baptist Theol. Sem. at Georgetown, Ky., until 
July, 1858. He afterward resumed the presi- 
den'cv of Mercer U.; pres. of the Bible Re\ision 
Assoc, in 1857. Author of " Christian Para- 
doxes," 1858. He is considered one of the 
first puljiit orators of the Baptist Church at 
the South. 

Crawford, Sa.muel Wtlie, brev. brig.- 



gen. U.S.A., b. Franklin Co., Pa., Nov. 8 
1829. U. of Pa. 1847. He studied mcdicinej 
and in 1851 was made assist, surgeon, U.S.A.; 
was on duty in Texas 3 years, and in New 
Mexico until 1856, when he went to Mexico. 
While there, he made scientific researches, and 
became a member of the Geog. Society of Mex- 
ico. He was one of the garrison of Fojt Sum- 
ter in Apr. 1861 ; com. u battery during the 
action ; was made maj. of the 13th Inf., May 
14, 1861 ; ordered to Eastern Va., and made 
insp.-gen. of that dcpt. ; brig. -gen. Apr. 25, 
1862, he was assigned to the corps of Gen. 
Banks in the army of the Shenandoah. He 
was in the battle of Winchester, and was 
mentioned in the report of the comg.-gen. He 
bore a leading part in the battle of Cedar Moun- 
tain, where he lost more than half his brigade, 
and, after the death of Gen. Mansfield, com. his 
division in the battle of Antietam, where, 
though severely wounded, he kept the field till 
the close of the action. He com. 3d div. 5th 
corps, at the Wilderness battle, at Hatch- 
er's Rim, and in the battles around Petersburg. 
Brev. niaj.-gen. Mar. 13, 1865; brev. col. 
U.S.A. for Gettvsburs ; brev. brig.-gen. for 
Five Forks, 13 Mar. 1865; col. 2d U.S. Inf 

Crawford, Thomas, sculptor, b. N.Y., 
Mar. 22, 1814 ; d. Lond., Eng., Oct. 10, 1857. 
He early manilested a remarkable taste for art, 
in which he was encouraged by his father, who 
caused bim to be thoroughly instructed in 
drawing, carving, and in modelling in clay. 
In 1834, he went to Italy, and at Rome enjoyed 
the instrnetion and fricndsbi]) of Thorwaldsen. 
After a few years' study, he established his stu- 
dio in Rome, and soon obtained abundant em- 
ployment. Among the most felicitous and 
characteristic of his works is the bust of Josiah 
Quincy, placed in the library of II. U. In 
1839, be designed his famous statue of " Orphe- 
us," which, with his " Hebe and Ganymede," is 
in the Aihenseum in Boston. Of his ideal busts, 
the " Sappho " and " Vesta " are models of 
purity and taste. He executed many bas-reliefs; 
and his religious subjects, especially those in 
which the person of the Saviour is introduced, 
are marked by singular propriety and dignity 
of treatment. Among the nolilest of his works 
are his statue, in bronze, of Beethoven, in the 
Music Hall, Boston, ami the bronze equestrian 
statue of Washington, ordered by the State of 
Va., and erected at the Ca])ilol in Richmond, 
Visiting Amer. in 1844. he m. Miss Ward, by 
whom he had several children. He made a 
second visit to the US. in 1849, and a third in 
1856. Crawford received from Congress a 
commission to furnish marble and bronze stat- 
uary for the new Capitol at Wai-hington, for 
which he designed — perhaps his grandest 
work — the colossal statue of the Genius of 
Amer., destined for the pinnacle of the Capitol 
dome. lie suHcred for the last years of his 
life from a malignant tumor or cancer of the 
eye, which nearly deprived him of sight, and 
caused him to renounce his art entirely, with 
many works unfinished. The industry of 
Crawford was wonderful. He finished upward 
of 60 works, many of them colossal, and left 
ab. 50 sketches in plaster, and designs of vari- 
ous kinds. 



CR-A. 



229 



CUE 



Crawford, Thomas Hartley, b. Chaiii- 
jersiiUL-i. Fa., Nov. 14, 1786; d. Washington, 
D.C., Jan. 27, 1863. N. J. Coll. 1804. Ad- 
mitted to tlie bar in 1807 ; M. C. 1829-33 ; 
member Pa. legisl. 1833 ; in 1836 a commis- 
sioner to investigate frauds in tlie jmrcliase of 
laiulsof the Creek Indians; U.S. commissioner 
of Indian affairs, 1838-45; and from 1845 till 
hisd, judge of the Criminal Court of Y). C. 

Crawford, Col. William, Uevol. officer, 
li. IJjrkdcy Co , Va., 1732 ; d. June, 1782. A 
capt in Forbes's cxped. in 1758, and the inti- 
inaie friend of Washington, tlien a surveyor. 
He serve! in tlie Pontiac war in 1763-4; moved 
to I'a. in 1768; was an efficient officer in Uun- 
niorc's campaign against the Scioto Indians ; 
m.ide lieut-col. 5tli Va. rogt., Feb. 13, 1776; 
became col., and resigned, Feb. 10, 1781. One 
of the bravest of frontiersmen, he often led 
parties across the Ohio against the Indijins, to 
whom, from his success, he was particularly 
obno.Kious. In May, 1782, he accepted, reluc- 
tantly, the com. of an exped. against the Wyan- 
dottes on the Muskingum,- felt into an ambus- 
cade, was taken prisoner, and tortured to death 
at. Sandusky. 

Crawford, William Harris, lawyer and 
states ii.in, b. Iselson Co., Va., Feb. 24, 1772 ; d. 
near Elliertoii, Ga., Sept. 15, 1834. His father 
Joel, in 1783, removed his family to Ga., but 
d. in 1788 ; and young Crawford, after assisting 
his mother to support the family, by teaching, 
f.ir several years, at length studied law. In 
1799, he commenced practice in Lexington, 
Oglethorpe Co., and soon became disting. in 
his prolession. In 1800, he was app. with Ho- 
iMtio ilarbury to revise the laws of Ga., and 
lomj.iled the first digest of her law», i)ub. Sa- 
vannah, 4to, 1802. Member of the State legisl. 
18U.3-7 ; U. S. senator, 1807-13, and was its 
pres. pro tern, in March, 1812. In this boily, he 
!-lione pre-eminently, soon making himself 
known and respected by the force of natural 
aiiility, energy, and loftiness of mind. His in- 
fluence was further increased by his perfect in- 
legiity and unflinching firmness. He evinced, 
in the consideration of many important and ex- 
citing questions, statesmanship of a high order. 
He was oi>posed to the policy of war with Great 
Britain, but finally voted lor it. Having de- 
clined the war secretaryship in 1313, he ac- 
cepted the post of minister to France, where he 
remained two years, and acquired the friend- 
.-nip of Lafayette, who appointed him agent 
for hi> American lands, and with whom, after 
his return home, he carried on a confidential 
corresp. On his return to the U. S., he was 
app. to the war dept., but in Oct. 1816, was 
transferred to the treasury dept., the duties of 
which he continued to discharge until 1825, 
when he became the Democ. nominee for the 
Jiresidency, but was defeated. A long and se- 
vere siekne.is destroyed all eh.meeof his election 
by the house, and removed him hencetbrtli from 
the political arena. Mr. Adams offered to con- 
tinue bini as sec. of the treas. ; but he declined, 
lie wa» strongly oppo.-ed to the nullification 
movement, and is generally regarded as the 
gre.itcst of the citizens of Ga. In 1827, he was 
app. judge of the Xorthern Circuit Court of 
Ga., which office he retained until his death. 



Creighton, John Orde, commo. U S.N., 
b. N. Y. City; d. Sing Sing, Oct. 13, 1838. 
Midshipm. June 25,1800; served under Hrehlo 
before Tripoli; became a lieut. Feb. 24, 1S07, 
and was attached to the frigate " Chesapeake " 
in June, 1807, when attacked by "The Leop- 
ard." He was afterwards attached to " The 
President," and was first lieut. in lier action 
with "The Little Belt," May 16, 1811. In 
1813, he com. the brig " Rattlesnake," with 
the rank of master-commandant (July 13), 
and was made capt. Apr. 27, 1816. In 1829-00, 
he com. the squadron on the coast of Brazil. 

Creighton, Johnston- B., capt. U.S.N , 
b. R. I., Mar. 12, 1821 Midshipman, Feb. 10, 
1838; lieut. Oct. 9, 1853; coin. Sept. 20, 1862; 
ca])t. Nov. 26, 1868 ; eomg. steamer " Ottawa," 
S. A. B. squadron, 1862 ; steamer "Mahaska." 
bombarding forts VVagner and Gregg, Morris 
Island, Aug. 8 to 21, 1863; eomg. steamer 
" Mingo," S. A. B. squad., 1 864-5 ; steanisloop 
" Oneida," A>iatic squad., 1867-9. 

Crele, Joseph, the oldest man in America, 
b. Detroit, 1725; d. Caledonia, Wis., Jan. 27, 
1866. The date of his birih is established by 
the record of his baptism in the French Cath- 
olic Church, Detroit. He resided for about a 
century in Wis. He m. in 1755; settled at 
Prairie du Chien ; bore arms at Braddock's de- 
feat, and, before the Revol. war, carried letters 
between Prairie du Chien and Green Bay. A 
few years before his death, he testified in the 
Circuit Court of Wisconsin, in a case involving 
the title to some real estate, to events that oc- 
curred 80 years before. He lived for some 
years at Caledonia with a dau. by his third 
wife, b. when he was 69. Until 1864, ho was 
as hale and hearty as most men of 70 ; could 
walk miles without fatigue, and often chopped 
wood for the family use. During the last year 
or two of his life, he would sometimes say 
sadly, "I fear death has forgotten me." 

Cresap, Capt. Michael, b. Alleghany 
Co., Md., June 29, 1742; d. N. Y. City, Oct. 
18, 1775. Son of Col. Thom.is, an emigrant 
from Yorkshire, who settled in Western Md. 
Michael was a trader; moved to the Ohio in 
1774, and commenced clearing land. Difficul- 
ties with the Indians foflowed ; and Cresap re- 
turned to Md. Capt. in the militia, and served 
in Dunmore's exped. against the western tribes. 
Com. a rifle company, July, 1775, in the army 
near Boston, but was obliged, by illness, to re- 
turn to N. Y.. where he died. A Memoir, vin- 
dicating his character from the aspersion in 
Jefferson's Notes, has been pub. by his son-in- 
law, J. J. Jacob ; and a new cd. edited by 
Brantz Mayer, in 1866. 

Crespel, Emmanuel, a Flemish mission- 
ary of the order of Rceollets. Embarked for 
Canada in Jan. 1724, and was successively 
'•iii-^ near Montreal, and wunonin- in various 
loealines. The ship iu which he returned to 
France iu Nov. 1736 having been wrecked, lie 
laniled with some companions on the coast of 
Labrador, and, after passmg the winter in that 
frightful place, returned to Quebec in June, 
and to France in Dec. 1 738. An account of 
his travels and shipwreck was pub. iu Am- 
sterdam, 1757; an Eng. transl. was pub. in 
Loud , 1797. 



ORE 



230 



CRI 



Cresson, Elliot, philanthropist, b. Phila., 
Mar. :;, 179G; (1. there Feb. 20, 1854. Brought 
up in the Society of Friends, he imbilwil from 
tliein an iinlent love of lionevoleiit iluetls, of 
which his life was ]jas>cd in the contiiuMl ex- 
ercise. He became a .successful merchant; was 
one of tim ])ionccrs in Atrican eoloniz.iiion, anj 
pres. of the society. In his will, he made f^en- 
erous coiitrihutio.is to a ijreat variety of objects. 

Creswell, John a. J., po-tmaster-gcn., 
a])p. il.a- 1869; li. Port Deposit, CeeirCo., 
Jld., 18 Xov. 18i8. Dick. Coll. 1848. Adm. 
to tlicMd. bar in 1850; member of the H. of 
dek),'atcs, 186 1-2; assist, adj. gen. of Md., 
Au'^. 1862-Apr. 1863; M. C. 1863-5; U. S. 
senator, 1865-7; 22 Feb. 1866, he delivered, 
at the request of the House, a culo^ry on Henry 
AVinter Davis, his friend and colleai^ue. 

Cretin, Joseph, D.D., K. C. Bishop of St. 
Tau., Mi.m., consec. Jan. 26, 1851 ; d. Feb. 22, 
18.J7. 

Creveeoeur (krav'-km^). Hector St. 
John, author and .igricullurist, b. Caen, 
France, 1731 ; d. Sarcelles, Nov. 1813. Sent 
by his parents to England, to complete his 
education at 16, he passed 6 years there ; came 
;o Amer. in 1754, settled on a farm near N.Y. 
City, and m. lu the war, his lands were over- 
run by the British troops. In 1780, hisaftairs 
requiring his presence in Eng., he was permit- 
ted, with one of his sons, to embark from New 
York. A French fleet on the coast detained 
the vessel in the harbor ; and he was arrested as 
a spy, and kept in prison 3 months. Released, 
after e.xamination, he sailed for Dublin, arrived 
in Dec, and Apr. 2, 1781, he reached the 
paternal roof in France, after an alisence of 27 
years. He became a member of the Agric. 
Society of Caen, and introduced the cultivation 
of the potato there. His " Letters from an 
Amer. Farmer" were pub. Lond., 1782, Paris, 
1784 and 1787. His glowing and extravagant 
pictures of American life induced many fam- 
ilies to emigrate to the borders of the Ohio, 
where tlicy suffered the extremities of famine 
and fever. In 1783, he returned to N.Y. as 
French consul. He found his house burnt, 
his wife dead, and his children in the hands of 
a stranger, Mr. Flaver, a merchant of Boston, 
who had been led to take charge of them by 
the kindness Creveeoeur had shown to prisoners 
abroad. Resigning his office in 17'J3, he re- 
turned to France. In 1801, he pub. at Paris, 
" ioi/iye dans la Haute Peniisi/lvanie," &c. St. 
John was by nature, by education, and by his 
writings, a pliilautluopist ; a man of serene 
temper and pure benevolence. — Dui/ckinclc. 

Crittenden, George B., gen. C.S.A. Son 
of Senator Crittenden, b. Ky. Went Point, 
1832. Resigned, 1833 ; eonnsellor-at-law, Ky., 
1835-46; eapt. mounted rifles, May, 27, 1846; 
brev. major for gallantry at Contreras and 
Churubusco, Aug. 20, 1847 ; major, March 15, 
1848; lieut.-col. Dee. 30, 1856; resigned, 10 
June, 1861, and joined the Confederate army, 
in which he was imule amaj -gen., and ordered 
to S. E. Ky., where, Jan. 19, 1862, he was de- 
feated by (ien. G. 11. Thomas in the biittle of 
Mill Spring, or Somerset. He was put under 
arrest ; -^'as not released until November, and 
resigned soon afterward. 



Crittenden, John Jordon, lawver and 
senator, li. Woodford Co., Kv., Sept 10, 1786; 
d. Frankfort, Ky , July 26, 1863. Wlien quite 
young, he entered the army, and, during the 
War ot 1812, was an officer in Gen. Hopkins's 
expcd., and was aide-de-camp to Gov. Slielbv 
at tlie battle of the Thames. After adopting 
the profesjion of law, he, in 1816, was elected 
to the Ky. legisl., of wbicli he was several years 
speaker, and was U.S. senator from Kv. in 
1817-19. From 1819 to 1835, he continued in 
the practice of his profession, residing princi- 
pally at Frankfoi-t, and occasionally represent- 
ing his county in the State legisl. Again U.S. 
senator in 183.5-il, when he was apji. atty.- 
gen. by Pres. Hanison. In Sept. 1841, he 
resigned, and resumed his seat in the U.S. 
senate in 1842. He was re-elected senator fur 
si.x years, from March, 1843, biit, in IS4S, was 
elected gov. of the State, which office he held 
until his app. as atty.-gen. by Pres. Fillmore, 
in 1850; again elected to the U.S. senate in 
1855. In early life, Mr. C. belonged to the 
Repub., and, subsecjuently, to the Whig jiarty. 
He was one of Mr. Clay's friends ; always 
favored the protective policy ; was for a U.S. 
bank, and against the sub-treasury system; and 
opposed Calhoun's bill, in 1835, emiiowering 
postmasters to take from the mails documents 
hostile to slavery. He opposed the annexation 
of Texas, and strove to bring the Jlexican war 
to a peaceful termination as soon as practica- 
ble. It was Mr. Crittenden, who, in 1847, in- 
troduced the bill in the senate for the relief of 
the starving in Irehind and Scotland, support- 
ing it in an eloquent and feeling speech. He 
opposed the admission of Kiinsas under the 
Topeka Constitution in 1856; voted against 
the repeal of tlie territorial laws, and in favor 
of Toombs's Kansas Bill, and in 1858 opposed 
the admission of Kansas under the Lecompton 
Constitution. He was considered the patri- 
arch of the senate, a designation to which his 
character, as well as his age, entitled him. He 
was an excellent, extemporaneous debater. Dur- 
ing the memorable secoml .session of the 36th 
Congress, he proposed the plan known as the 
" Crittenclen Compromise," prohibiting slavery 
north of 36° 30', admitting' new States with 
or without slavery, and proiiihiting the aboli- 
tion of slavery in the District of Columbia 
while it existed in Va. or Md. He re-entered 
Congress in July, 1861 ; participated in the 
chief debates, and was an ardent Union man, 
but opposed confiscation, emancipation, and 
the enlistment of negroes. 

Crittenden, Thom.vs Leoxii>.\s, brov. 

maj.-ucn. U.S.A., b. Russellvillc, Ky., 1819. 
Second son of John J. Crittenden. Studied law 
under his father ; was adm. to the bar, and be- 
came Connnonwealth's atty. On the breaking- 
out of the .Mexican war, he was app. vol. aide 
to Gen Taylor, in which capacity he highly 
disting. himself at Buena Vista. As lieut.-coi. • 
4th Ky. vols., he took part in the memorable 
battles in tlie Valley of Mexico under Gen. 
Scott. Gen. Taylor, on bis elevation to the 
presidency, app. him consul at Liverpool 
(1849). Returning in 1853, he resided awhile 
at Frankfort, Ky., but afterward engaged in mer- 
cantile pursuits at Louisville. Brig. -gen. Sept. 



CRO 



231 



CRO 



17, 1861, and assigneil acorn, under Gen. Buell. 
For gallamrv at the battle of Shiluli, Ajiiil 6 
und 7, 18ti2, he was promoted to niaj.-i;en., July 
17, and assigned a division in the army of the 
Tenn. He afterward coin, the 2d corps, com- 
posing the left wing of the army of the Ohio 
under Gen. Buell, and in Oct. was attached to 
Gen Uoseerans's dept. ot the Cumberland, tak- 
ing part in the battles of Stone Riveraud Chick- 
amaiiga, where his corps was routed, and after- 
wards com. a division of the 9ih corps in the 
Va. campai^rn of 1864; col. 1 7th U.S. Inf., 
Julv 28, 1860 ; brev. maj.-geu. U.S.A. 2 Mar. 
1867. 

Crocker, Hannah Mather, grand-daugh- 
ter of Cotton Mather, and widow of Joseph C. 
of Tauntou, h. Boston, 1765; d. Ruxburv, Ms., 
Julv 10, 1847. Pub. " Letters on Free Mason- 
ry,'"' 1815, with a preface liy T. M. Harris; 
" The School of Ueforni ; " " Seamen's Safe 
Pilot," &c.; -Observations on the Ri-his of Wo- 
man." 1813; " Statement " res()eciing Mad- 
am Knight, in the Lib. of the Antiq. Soc. at 
Worcester. Uau. of Rev. Samuel. — See Liv- 
ing Ar/e, No. 7.35 ; Alliione. 

Crocker, Marcellus M., brev. maj -gen., 
vols. ; d. Washington, D.C., Aug. f865. 
Stuaied 2 years at \Vest Point; settled as a 
lawyer in Des Moines, Iowa. Maj. 2d Iowa 
vols.. May, 1861 ; col. 13 July, 1861, and 
disiing. at Sliiloh ; l)rig.-gen. in the Atlanta 
campaign under Sherman. 

Crockett, Col. David, noted for eccen- 
tricity, b. Greene Co., Tenn., 17 Aug. 1786; d. 
6 Mar. 18.36, at San Antonio de Be.\ar. Son 
of a Revol. soldier. His education was scanty ; 
but he became a noted marksman and hunter. 
Served under Gen Jackson in his Creek cam- 
paign, 1813-14; was a member of the legisl., 
and was M.C. in 1828-34, but, becoming an 
O])ponent of Pres. Jackson, lost popularity, and, 
in 1834, removed to Tc.\as. At Washington, 
his singular manners and oddity of expression, 
gave hiin great notoriety. Engaging with zeal 
in thecout<.'st with the Mexicans, he fell, while 
heroically fighting in defence of the Alamo. 
His autobiography was |iub. Phila., 1834, 
" Tour to the North and Down East," 1835 ; 
"^ketchesand Eccentricities," 1847; " Rxploits 
in Texas," "Life of Van Biiren," 1835. His 
son Jon:; W., M C. 1838-43, d. Memphis, 
Tenn., 24 Nov. 1852. 

Croes, John, D.D. (Col. Coll. 1811), Pr.- 
Ep. bishop of N.J., b. Elizalieihtown, i7>)3 ; d. 
New Brunswick, July 30, 1832. Of German 
extraction. His early efforts to procure an 
education by his own exertions were retarded 
by the Revol. war, during the latter years of 
which he was engaged in delence of his coun- 
try. Ord. deacon in 170O, and, in 1792, priest. 
Alter <ifficiaiing at Swedesborough, he was, in 
ISiil, invited by the societies of Christ Church, 
N. Brunswick, and St. Peter's Church, Spotts- 
wood, to become their pastor, and was at the 
same time elected principal of the Acad, at N. 
Brunswick. This charge he resigned in 1808, 
having previously resigned that of the church 
at Spottswood, and devoted himself solely to the 
church at N. Brunswick. Elected, in 1815, 
bishop of Ct., he declined the appt., and was 
consec. bishop of N.J., 19 Nov. 1815. 



Croghan (kro'-gan), CoL. George, Indian 

agent, b. Ireland ; d. Passaynnk, Pa , ab. Aug. 
1782. He was educated in Dublin ; settled 
near,Harrisburg, Pa. ; was an Indian trader as 
early as 1746, and, acquiring their languages 
and their confidence, became agent i'or the 
Colony. He was a capt. in Braddock's exped. 
in 1755; was employed in defence of the Wes- 
tern frontier in 1756, and in Nov. was made 
dep. Indian agent for the Pa. and Ohio Indi- 
ans by Sir W. Johnson, who in 1763 sent him 
to Eng. to confer with the ministry ah, an 
Indian boundary-line. In this voyage, he was 
shipwrecked on the coast of F'rance. Whileon 
his way, in 1765, to p.icify ihe Illinois Indians, 
he was attacked, June 8, wounded, ami taken to 
Vincennes, but was soon released, anti accom- 
plished his mission. In May, 1766. he raaile a 
settlement 4 miles above Fort Pitt. He con- 
tinuid to render valuable service in pacifying 
the Indians, and conciliating th;un lo the Bri- 
tish interest until 1776. He was an object of 
suspicion to the Revol. authorities in 1778, but, 
as he coniinued to reside on his farm, was, 
doubtless, unjustly accused. — O'Callarihan. 

Croghan, George, insp.-gen. U.S.A., b. 
near Louisville, Kv., Nov. 15, 1791 ; d. N. Or- 
leans, Jan. 8, 1849". Wm. ami Mary Coll. 1810. 
His father was Maj. William Croghan of the 
Revol., and his mother was a sister of Gen. 
Geo. Rogers (-larke. Aide to Col. Boyd at the 
battle of Tippecanoe in ISll, and made capt. 
17ih Inf., Mar. 12, 1812. He highly disting. 
himself under Harrison, in the sortie from 
Fort Meigs ; became his aide-de-camp, rank of 
maj., Mar. 30, 1813, and, on the 1st and 2d of 
Aup. following, conducted the memorable de- ■ 
fence of Fort Stephenson, at Lower Sandusky, 
against Gen. Proctor, with an army of 500 reg- 
ulars and 700 Indians. Maj. Croghan was brev. 
lieut.-col. for his gallantry on this occasion, 
and subsequently receivcil from Congress a 
gold medal, iladc a lieut.-col. Feb. 21, 1814; 
upon the reduction of the army at the close of 
the war, he was transferred to the 1st Inf. He 
resigned in 1817 ; was postmaster at New Or- 
leans in 1824, and was app. insp.-gen., with 
the rank of col., Dec. 21, 1825. In 1846, he 
joined Taylor's army in Mexico, and served 
with credit at the battle of Monterey. His son. 
Col. Geohge St. John Croghan, was killed 
in a skirmish in W Va. during Floyd's retreat 
from Colton Hill, in Dec. 1861. He" invented a 
pack-saddle for mules, for conveying wounded 
men over the steep mnuntain-passcs of VV. Va., 
successfully used. 

Croix, John Baptist de la, bishop of 
Quebec, b. of a noble familv of Grenoble, 
F'rance, 1653 ; d. Qmbec, Dcc."28, 1727. Kir-t 
almoner to Louis XIV., he came to Canada in 
1 685 as successor of Bishop Laval. He foundid 
3 hospitals, and displayed great charity to the 
poor. 

Cronyn, Rt. Rev. Benjamin, consec. 
bishop (if Huron in 1857, b 1802. Educated 
at Trin. Coll., Dublin. Taking orders, he held 
a pastoral chnrge in Canadii. D. Sept. 22, 1871. 

Crook, George, brev. maj.-gen. U. S. A., 
b. near Dayton, 0., Sept. 8, 1828. W. Point, 
1852. Entering the 4th Inf., he became 1st 
licut. Mar. 1856, and capt. May 14, 1861 ; com 



CRO 



232 



CRO 



Pitt River exped., and wounded by an Indian 
arrow, 10 June, 1857; became, Sept. 12, 18G1, 
col. 36lb O. vols., serving in Western Va., and, 
at the bead of 1 ,-300 men, repulsed a much 
larger bodv of Confederates at Louisburg, 
Grecnbri.r'Co., Apr. 2.3,1862. Brig.-gen. Sept. 
7, 1862 ; took com. of the dist. of Kanawha, and 
enijau'cd in the battles of South Mountain and 
Antietam; tran^^f'el■red in Jan. 186-3 to com. 
the 2d cavalry div. of the Army of the Cum- 
berland ; fought at Chickamauga ; defeated and 
drove the rel)el Gen. Wheeler across the Ten- 
nessee with great loss; com. the 3d div. in W. 
Va. in April, 1864; <leleated and killed Gen. 
Jenkins at Cloyd Mountain, May 9; brev. 
maj.-gen. July 18, and put ia com. of the army 
of W. Va. He took part in Sberidaii's brilliant 
operations in the Shenandoah Valley, especial- 
ly at Opequau, Fisher's Hill, and Cedar Creek, 
and ill his cavalry oi)eration<, ending in Lee's 
surrender. M.aj.-gen. vols. 21 Oct. 1864 ; Feb. 
21, lS6.i, he was captured by gtterillas, who 
surprised his quarters in the night, and was ex- 
changed Mar. 20 ; brev. bri'r.- gen. U. S. A. 
1.3 Mar. 186.i, for the camp, of 1SG4 in W. Va; 
lieut.-eol. 23d Inf, Julv 2.'<, 1866: brev. maj.- 
u-en. U. S. A. for Fisher's Hill, Va. — Reid's 
Olro in tlw War. 

Crooks, George R., D.U , ckrtrvman and 
lexicograjjlier, b. Phila., Feb. 3, 1822. Dick. 
Coll. 1840. He entered the ministry of the 
M. E. Church in 1841; labored in' Fulton, 
Knox, and Peoria Counties, III.; was chosen 
tutor in Dick. Coll. in 1S42, and in 1843 be- 
came principal of the grammar school of the 
coll., and assoc. with Prof M Clintoek in pre- 
paring Latin and Greek text-books. In 1846, 
he was elected adjunct prof of aniient lan- 
guages, but in 1848 resumed the pastoial office. 
He has bad charge of prominent cbur;hes in 
Phila., Wilinington.and New York, and holds 
a high rank as a jireaeher. He has pub. an 
edition of " Butler's Analogy," with an analy- 
sis, notes, and an index, and a L.tiin-English 
lexicon. Contrib. to Mrth. Qiartorh/ R^v. 

Cropper, Gln. Jdhv, Revol. ' officer, b. 
Va., ITJO; d. Bowman's Folly, Accomac Co., 
Va., Jan. 1.5, 1821. Capt. in the 9th Va. regt. 
in 177.'), he was soon promoted to a majority in 
the 5th regt., which, at the battle of the Bran- 
dywine, was nearly cut to pieces ; was then 
made lieut.-eol. of the 7th Va. regt., and was 
at the battles of Germantown and Monmouth. 
Lieut.-col. 1 1 th regt., May 1 5, 1 778 ; afterwards 
its col. 

Cropsey, J-xsper Francis, artist, b. Stat- 
en I^land, N.Y., Feb. 18. 182.3. He studied 
architecture, but, on account of ill-health, de- 
voted himself to landscape-painting, and by his 
picture of Greenwood Lake, N. Y., gained a 
membership in the Acad, of Design. From 
1847 to 1S.")0, ho studied in Europe. Among 
his most .'inccossful pictures since arc the 
" Sibyl's Temple," "American Harvesting," 
" Peace " and " War," " Autumn on the Hud- 
son." " Richmond Ilill," and " Niagara Falls." 
From June, 1856. to 1863, he resided in Eng. 
He has executed designs for illustrated books 
of poems, compositions entitled " The Olden 
Time," "A Tournament," and " Return from 
Hawking." 



Crosby, Alpheus, scholar, b. Sandwich, 
N.H., Oct. 13, 1810. Dartm. Coll. 1827. Pre- 
ceptor of Moor's Charity School, Hanover, 
1827-8; tutor at Dartm. Coll., 1829-31; prof, 
of Latin and Greek there, 18.33-7 ; of Greek 
only, since 1837 ; principal of the Normal 
School at Salem, Ms., 1857-65. Has pub. 
Greek text-books, an edition of Xenophon's 
" Anabasis ; " " First Lessons in Geometry ; " 
and an " Essay on the Second Advent." 

Crosby, I'nocii, a Revol. patriot, said to 
be the original of Cooper's "Harvey Birc h," the 
" Spy," b. Harwich, Ms., Jan. 4, 1750 ; d. June 
26, 1835. During his infancy, his parents set- 
tled in South-east, Duchess Co., N.Y. He be- 
came a shoemaker, but, when the Revol. broke 
out, shouldered a musket, became engaged in 
the " secret service," and afterward joined the 
army under Heath, stationed in the Highlands. 
The narrative of his life and adventures, takea 
from his own lips by Capt. H. L. Barnum, has 
been pub., entitled " The Spy Unmasked," 
8vo. N.Y., 1828. — Z«ss/i/7. 

Crosby, Howard, b. N.Y. Citv, 1826. 
Prof of Greek in the U.of N.Y. ; chancollor, 
Nov. IS, 1870. Great-gramlson of Wm. Flovd. 
Pub. "Lands of the Moslem," 8vo, 18M ; 
the New Testament, with brief explan. notes. 
Editor of Sophocles' CEdipus Tyrannus. 

Crosby, Pierce, capt. U. S. N., b. Dela- 
ware Co., Pa., Jan. 16, 1823. Midshipman, 
Jan. 5, 1838; lieut. Sept. 3, 18.53; com. Sept. 
2, 1862; capt. May 27, 1868; attached to 
sloop " Decatur," and present at Tabasco and 
Tnspan, Mexico ; served in Chesapeake Bay, 
1861, and sloop " Cumberland," N A B. squad- 
ron, at capture of Hatleras, where he rendered 
essential service in landing troops; com. steamer 
"Pinola," W. Gulf squad , 1862 ; co-operatd in 
bombard, and capture of Forts Jackson and St. 
Philip, and N. Orleans, and in the removal of 
obstructions in the river previous to the battle ; 
and at Vicksburg, and engagement with the 
ram "Arkansas ; " com. iron-clad "Sangamon," 
1863; steamer " Florida," 186.3-4, in engage- 
ment at Masonboro'Inlet,N.C., while destroying 
four blockade-runners ; com. steamer " Mcta- 
comet" in attack on Mobile, and planned and 
constructed torpedo drag-nets for BlakelyRivcr, 
and com. " Shamokin," S.A. squadron, 1866-8. 
— namcrslji. 

Cross, Truemax.coI., assist.quartcrm.-gen. 
U. S. A., b. Md.; killed bv Mex. banditti, near 
Fort Brown, Apr. 21,1846. Ensign 42d Inf, 
Apr. 27, 1814; capt. Sept. 1819; assist, insp.- 
gen. Oct. 19, 1820 ; q.-mr. May 22, 1826 ; assist, 
q.-mr.-gen., rank col., July 7, 1838; chief of 
q.-mr. 's depart, of army of occupation from 
Oct. 1845 till his deatli. Authorof " Military 
Laws of the U.S." — Gmdner. 

Croswell, Andrew, clergyman, b 
Charlestdwn, \U., 1709; d. Boston, April 12, 
1785. U U. 1728. Ord. North Grotou, Oct. 
14, 1736. Alter having been two years settled 
in Groton, Ct., he was, Oct. 6, 1748, installed 
over a society in Boston, formed by persons 
from other cliLirches. He was much engaged 
in religious controversy ; wrote a narrative of 
the new Cong. Church ; a defence of the doc- 
trine of justiticati m, 1746; an answer to Giles 
Firmin's 8 arguments on this subject; several 



CRO 



233 



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seriLons against Arminians; controversial 
writings "'t'l Turell, Cuniming, and others; 
pait of an exposition of Paul's journey to Da- 
mascus, 1T6S; remarks on BisliopWarbnrton's 
sermon before the Society for Propagatini; the 
Gospel, 1768 ; remarks on commencement drol- 
lery, 1771, &e. 

CrOSWell, Edwis, journalist and politi- 
cian, nephew of Rev. Harry, b. Catskill, N.Y., 
'29 .May, 17«7; d. Princeton, N.J., 13 June, 
IS71. Ue became assist, editor of the Ckdakill 
Recorder, sustaining the War of 1812, and, on 
the retirement of his father, managed the paper 
so as to attract the attention of prominent pub- 
lie men. In 1824, he took charge of the Alba- 
ntf Argus, which he changed to a daily, and 
made one of the chief organs of the Demoe. 
])urty. State printer, 1823-10. He retired 
frorn the Anjiis in 1854 He pub. addresses 
and other literarv productions. 

Croswell, Harkt. D.D.(Trin.Coll. 1831 ), 
clercvman, b. West Hartford, Ct., Jun.e 16, 
1778'; d. New Haven, Jlar.h 13, 1858. Noah 
Webster was his schoolmaster. In 1802, he 
became editor and proprietor of the Bidance, a 
fiimous Federal newspaper, at Hudson, N.Y. 
He wrote vigorously and severely of political 
opponents. An article published in the Wasp, 
a journal also under his direction, levelled at 
Jefferson, led to a libel-suit, and the celebrat- 
ed trial in which Hamilton made his last and 
one of his greatest forensic efforts. Removing 
to Albany in 1808, he established a Federal 
papar, anil was again prosecuted for libel ; his 
opponent, Mr. Southwick recovering damages. 
Dissatisfied with politics, Mr. Croswell took 
deacon's orders in the Pr.-Ep. Church in 1814, 
preached at Christ Church, Hudson, N.Y , and 
in 1815 commenced his ministry at Trinity 
Church, New Haven, which terminated only 
with bis death. He was the author of a me- 
moir of his son Rev. Wm. Croswell, " Rudi- 
ments of the Church," and " Family Prayers " 

Croswell, Willi.\m, D.D. ( I'rin. Coll. 
1846), Pr.-Ep clerirvman and scholar, son of 
Dr. Harrv, b. Hudson, N.Y., Nov. 7, 1804 ; d. 
Boston, Nov. 9, 1851. Y. C. 1822. He com- 
menced the study of law at Albany, S.Y., in 
conjunction with literary labors in 1824, but in 
1826 entered the gen. theol. sera, in New 
York. He pursued his theol. studies at Hart- 
lord, in 1827, under the direction of Bishop 
Brownell, at the same time editing the Christian 
W'lilrliiniiii, and indulging his poetic vein in 
compositions, among the sweetest and most pa- 
thetic in our language. Adni. in the spring of 
182'J to the priesthood; rector of ChristChurch, 
Boston, 1829-40 ; of St. Peter's, Auburn, N.Y., 
1840-44; but in 1844 returned to Boston to 
take charge of a new parish, the Church of the 
Advent, and was involved in a controversy 
witli Bishop Eastburn. A memoir of his life 
by bis father, together with bis poems and cor- 
respond' nee, was pub. in New York, 8vo, 
1853. His life was a beautiful example of self- 
denying charity and religious devotion. 

Crowe, FRi;i)ERiCK,clergvman and author, 
h. Bilgium ; d. N.Y. City, Nov. 7, 1858. He 
was the son of a British subject. Came to 
Balizc about 1838. and established himself as 
an independent missionary; labored 13 years 



in disseminating the Scriptures in Spanish 
Amer., and was the anthor of a valuaide his- 
torical work on Central America. He was 
expelled from San Salvador, as is said, by the 
Catholics, because he circulated the Bible, and 
intended to open a school in San Miguel. 
After being imprisoned, harassed, and at last 
driven by mob-violence from the country, he 
came to N.Y., and soon after died. 

Crowninshield, Benjamin Williams, 
sec. navv, Dec. 1814, to Nov. 1818; M C. 
1823-31 : b. Boston, Doc. 27, 1772; d. there, 
Feb. 3, 1851 ; State senator, 1811, '22, '23. 

Cruger, Henry, jun., politician, b. N.Y. 
City. 1739; d. there Apr. 24, 1827. Henry, 
his father, merchant, and member of the as- 
sembly and council of N.Y., went to Eng. for 
his health, and d. Bristol, Feb. 8, 1780, a. 78. 
He established himself in trade in Bristol with 
his father, succeeding him as mayor in 1781. 
Elected to parliament as the colleague of Burke 
in 1774, and re-elected in 1784, he advocated 
upon all occasions a conciliatory course toward 
his countrymen. He retorted with such sevei^ 
ity upon Col. Grant, who stated in parliament 
that the Americans, would never dare to lace 
an English army, as to be called to order by 
the speaker. After the war, he was a merchant 
in N.Y., and was elected to the State senate 
while still a member of parliament. A bro., 
J. H., was a col. in the royal anny ; another, 
a merchant of N.Y., was identified with the 
Whirrs, and a friend of Gen. Washington. 

Cruger, John, uncle of Henrv ; d. N.Y. 
City, 1791-2, a. 82. Mayorof N.Y."City,1764 ; 
speaker of the assembly, 1765; a proposer, 
and afterward a prominent member, of the first. 
N.Y. Prov. Congress in 1775. The Declaration 
of Rights issued by that body was written by 
him. 

Cruger, Liect.-Col. John Harris, 
lovalist, b. N.Y. City, 1738; d. London, June 
3,'l807. Nephew of John, and brother of 
Henry. He succeeded his father Henry as a 
member of the council, and at the beginning 
of the Revol. was also chamberlain of N.Y. 
City. He was a son-in-law of Gen. Delancey, 
and com. the 1st batt. of his 'loyalist corps. 
Captured at a plantation in Belfiist, Ga., in 
June, 1780, but was soon exchanged for Col. 
John Mcintosh. In Sept. he made a forced 
march to Augusta to relieve Col. Browne, and 
arrived most opportunely. His corps torined 
the British centre at the battle of Eutaw 
Springs, and was disting. His defence of 
Ninety-Six, when attacked by Greene in May, 
1781, backed by the engineering skill of 
Kosciusko, and until relieved by Rawdon, 
earned for biin great and just applause. His 
I)roperty was confiscated ; and he went to Eng. 
alter the war. 

Cruse, Peter noFF.MAN, b. Baltimore, 
1793; d. 1 332. He edited the Baltimore 
American several years, and '•ontrib. largely to 
reviews. Some of his poetry will be found in 
" The Red Book," a periodical pub. in Bal- 
timore, 1818-19, by Mr. Cruse and J. P. Ken- 
nedy. — Allilmne. 

Cruttenden, David H., b. Saratoga Co., 
NY., 1816. Un. Coll. 1841. Author of a 
series of " Systematic Arithmetics," " Pbilos- 



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234 



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aphy of Sentential Language ;"" Geography 
and History combined/' &e. — Allibone. 

Cudwdrth, Gen. James; d.Eng., 1682,a. 
ab. 70. Sun of Rev. Ralph, and bro. of Ralph 
Cudworth, D.I)., author of " The Intellectual 
Sy>tera of the Universe." He came to I'ly- 
mouih in 1634; soon removed to Scituate ; 
Was several years assist and one of the council 
of war. He com. the Plymouth troops in 
Philip's war; was next in military renown to 
Stanjish, and was a brave and prudent officer. 
Independent in his opinions, and tolerant, 
he opposed the severe measures against the 
Quakers, and was therefore unpopular. He 
went to Eiig. as a^rent for ihc Colony in 1681, 
and d. soon after his arrival. Such of his let- 
ters on public business as are still extant afford 
evidence of a trood education. Dep. gov. 16S1. 

CufTeS, P.iUL, a philanthropic negro sca- 
capt., b. on one of the Elizabeth Isles, near 
N. Bedford, Ms., 1759; d. Sept. 7, 1818. His 
father, a native of Africa, was once a slave; 
his mother was of Indian extraction. A com- 
manding presence, strong common sense, and 
untiring industry and enterprise, procured him 
a handsome tbrtune in sealaring pursuits. He 
was an esteemed member of the society of 
Friends. He encouraged the emigration of 
the free people of color in this country to 
Sierra Leone. In 1815, he carried thither 38 
emigrants, 30 at his own expense, furnishing 
them, on arrival, with means of subsisteuce ; 
spending in this enterprise nearly S4,000. He 
pub. in 181;2 a brief account of tlie colony of 
Sierra Leone. 

Cullum, Geokge Washington-, brev. 
maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. N.Y. City, Eeb. 25, 1812. 
West Point, 1833. Entering the engr. corps, 
he became capt. July 7, 1838; maj. Aug. 6, 
1861; lieut.-col. Mar. 3, 1863; col. Mar. 7, 
1867. He was employed in the construction 
of Fort Adams and other works at Newport, 
R.I. ; from 1838 to 1848, he superintended the 
erection of Furt Trumbull, and the battery at 
Fort Griswold, Xew London, Ct., and from 
1846 to 1848 of Forts Warren, Independence, 
and Wintbro]), in Boston harbor. From 1848 
to 1855, he was instructor of practical engineer- 
ing at West Point, during which time he spent 
two years in foreign travel for his health, and 
in 18.53-4 constructed the N.Y. assay office. 
He was also, in 1848, com. of sappers, miners, 
and pontuniers in the army. He afterward 
superintended the construction of the fortifica- 
tions and other public works in N. and S. 
Carolina, and in 1858 took charge of those at 
N. Bedford, Newport, N. London, and New 
York, on the Sound. Early in 1861, he was 
orlered to Washington ; served as aide-de-camp 
to Gen. Scott, with the rank of col. Nov. I, 
1861, he was made a brig. -gen. of vols., and 
app. chief of staff and engrs. to Gen. Halleck, 
serving through the cani]iaign before Corinth, 
and accomp. him to Washington. While at 
the West, he also had com. for some time at 
Cairo, III., and in 1861-4 was a member of the 
U.S. sanitary commiss. ; supt. U S. military 
acad., 8 Sept. 1864 to 28 Aug. 1866 ; brev. 
maj.-gen. U.S.A., 13 Mar. 1865, for merit, 
services in the Rebellion. Gen. Cullum has 
pub. a " Register of the Officers and Graduates 



of the U.S. Military Academy," 1850 ; " Mili- 
tary Bridges with India-Rubber Pontoons,'' 
1849, 2d ed., 1863 ; a translation of Duj)arcq's 
*' Elements of Military Art and History," 1863, 
and " Biog. Register of the Officers and Grad. 
of Wot Point," 2 vols., 1368. 

Culpepper, John, a surveyor-pen. and 
politital leader in the Carolinas, was a refugee 
from the Southern or Clarendon colony, and 
iu 1678 headed an insurrec. on in the Northern 
or Albemarle colony, in favor of popular lib- 
erty. Under his lead, the people deposed tne 
pres. and deputies of the jiroprietaries, seized 
the public funds, app. new magistrates and 
judges, called a parliament, and took all the 
functions of govt, into their own hands. Cul- 
pepper was then sent to Eng. to negotiate a 
compromise. Indicted for high-treason, he 
was, through the influence of Shaftesbury, ac- 
quitted ; rcinrned to Carolina, and in 1680 laid 
out tile city of Cliarleston. — Ajiphton. 

Culpepper, Thomas, Lord, gov. of Va., 
1680-3 ; d. 1719. He was one of the gr.antees 
of the territory of Va., and in 1669 purchased 
of his co-grantees their rights between the Rap- 
pahannock and Potomac Rivers. He had been 
one of the commissioners for plantations in 
July, 1G75. He was an able but an artful and 
covetous man. His estate descended to his 
dau.. Lady Fairfa.x. Returning to Eng. in 
1683, in violation of his orders, he was arrested 
immediately on his arrival ; and having re- 
ceived in'csents from the assembly, contrary to 
his instructions, a jury of Middlesex found that 
he had forfeited his commission. 

Culvert, Geokge, a head chief and war- 
rior of the Choctaw nation, b. 1744 ; d. Fort 
Towson, Ark., ,Nov. 4, 1839; served under 
Washington in the Revol., and received from 
him a com. of maj. of militia in the U.S. ser- 
vice, and a sword. He served under Wayne, 
and also under Jackson, against theSeminoles, 
in 1814. For his bravery, Jackson presented 
him with a col's, com., and afterward (during 
his presidency) with a sword. He educated 
his sons, and established them on plantations 
among his people. He was, physically and 
mentally, a great man. 

Cumming, Alfred, brig.-gen. C.S.A., 
b. Ga., 1829 ; killed at the battle of Jonesboro', 
Ga., Sept. 1, 1864. West Point, 1849. Capt. 
10th Inf., 2(1 July, 1856; res. Jan. 19, 1861, and 
entireil rebel ari'ny. — Cullnm. 

Gumming, Gen. John Nohle, Revol. 
officer; d. Newark, N.J., Julv 6, 1821, a 69. 
N.J. Coll. 1774. He was a "relative of Rev. 
Alex. His son. Rev. Hooper Cumming, D.I)., 
minister of Newark, d. Charleston, S.C, Dee. 
1825. N..T. Coll. 1805. 

Cumming, Major-Gex. Robert, naval 
officer of the Revol.; d. Libertytown, Md., 
Feb. 14, 1 826. a. 70. 

Cumming, William, col., b. Ga., 1788 ; 
d. Au-usta, Ga., Feb. 1863. App. maj. 8th 
Inf., 23 iMar. 1813; wounded at the battle of 
Chrvstler's Fields, 11 Nov. 1813; adj. -gen., 
rank of col., 16 Feb. 1814 to 31 Mar. 1815; 
severely wounded at Lnndy's Lane ; app. maj.- 
gen. 3 Mar. 1847, declined. He studied at the 
Litehf Law School, but, inheriting a fortune, 
never practised. He wounded MeUuffie in a duel. 



cxjivr 



235 



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CummingS, Asa, D.D. (B.C. 1847), min- 
ister of Norili Yarmuuth, Jle., 1821-9; cilitor 
of till- V/uisti'iii .UiV/o/-, Portland, fVoiii 1826 to 
1856; b. Andover, Ms., Sept. 29, 1790 ; d. at 
sea, June 3. 18.36, while returnin;; from Pana- 
ma. H.U. 1817. Tutor at Bo«d. Coll. 1819- 
20 He pull. " Memoirs of Dr. Pavson." 

CummingS, Hi;nry, D.D. (il U. 1800), 

diviuc, h. Hu.lis, X.H., Sept. 28, 17:j9 ; d. Bal- 
timore, Sept. 3, ISi.-i. H. U. 1760. Ord. at 
Baltimore, Jan. 26, 1763. Manv years settled 
at Billerica, Ms. Fourteen of his oceasional 
discourses were pub. — Allen. 

CummingS, J.acob a., teacher and liook- 
sellci- of Boston, b. Hollis, N.H., Xov. 2, 1772 ; 
d. Feb. 24, 1820. H. U. 1801. He pub. some 
elementary school-books, "New-Testament 
Questions," 1817; "Geography, Ancient and 
Modern." 

CummingS, Joseph, D.D., LL.D., pres. 
of the Wesl. U.. Middletown.Ct., b. Fabiiouih, 
Me., March .3, 1817. Wesl U. 1840. He be- 
came prof, of natural science in the Ainenia 
Sum., N.Y., and principal in 1843. He was 
licensed to preach in 1841 ; in 1846 joined the 
N. E. conference; was in 1833 app. prof, of 
theoloiry in the Meth. }ren. biblical institute at 
Concord, \ H. ; pres. of Geneva College, 1854- 
7, and of Wesleyan U. since 1837; D.D. of 
Wes U. 1854 ; LL.D. of the Korth-western 
U. 1866. 

Cummins, F.benezek H., clergyman 
and author, b. N.C. ; d. Wasiiington, Jan. 17, 
1833. Frank. Coll. 1804. He was educated 
for the liar in Ga.; served in the State legisl.,then 
entered the marine corps; afterward studied di- 
vinity, and .settled in Baltimore, where he was 
a magistrate. Author of a " History of the 
Late War," 8vo, Bait., 1820 ; " Geography of 
Ala.," 1819. 

Cummins, Fe.a.nxis, D.D. (U. of Ga. 
1820), Presb. clergyman, b. nearShippensburg, 
Pa., 1732 ; d. Greenes Ijoro', Ga., 22 Feb. 1832. 
A. M. of N.J. Coll. 1787. He was a Revol. 
patriot; and his name is connected with the 
celebrated Mecklenburg Declaration of Inde- 
pendence of May, 1775; licensed by the pres- 
bytery of Orange, N.C., 13 Dec. 1780 ; mem- 
ber of the S.C. convention, to consider the 
U.S. Constitution' in 1778. For 53 years, he 
was pastor of different churches in S.C. and Ga. 

Cummins, M.4Ria S., novelist, b. Salem, 
Apr. 10, 1827 ; d. Dorchester, Ms., Oct. I, 1866. 
Dau. of Judge David. Author of " Lamp- 
lighter," 1853; " El Fureidis," 1860; "Mabel 
Vaugban," 1857; "Haunted Hearts," and 
other novels. She was a contrib. to the Atlan- 
lir. Monllili/ and Younq Folks. Her first book 
attained a' sale of 100,000. 

Cunha Barbosa (Koon'-yg. bar-bo'-sa), 
Jaxuaki'i da, Brazilian prelate and states- 
man, b. July 111, 17S0 ; d. Feb. 22, 1846. He 
was chaplain of John VI., and afterward prof, 
of moral philosophy. Dec. 15, 1821, he estab- 
lished, in conjunction with Ledo, a political 
journal at Kio de Janeiro, favoring Brazilian 
independence. After this had been declared, 
Cunha was, at the instigation of his enemies, 
arrested Dec. 7, 1822, and banished to France. 
To repair this injustice, he was app. in 1824 



canon of the imperial chapel. In 1826, he be- 
came a member of the assembly. In concert 
with Gen. Cunha, he Ibundcd "the Hist, and 
Geog. Society of Rio de Janeiro. He also ed- 
ited a political journal favorable to the govt., 
and an agricultural paper. He was also impe- 
rial historic^rraphcr, and director of the nation- 
al libraiy. He left a small vol. of ])oems. — Ap- 
phtvu. 

Cunha Mattos, Ratjiuxde Jose da, 
Brazilian gen. and author, b. Faro, Prov. of Al- 
garve Xov. 2, 1770; d. March, 1840. Ileentered 
the Portuguese army in 1790, served 3 years in 
the souih of France, and 18 years in' Africa, 
then served in Rio Janeiro, and was afterwards 
acting gov. of St. Thomas. In 1817, he re- 
turned to Brazil, com. the art. of Pernambu- 
co, and subsequently governed the province of 
Goyaz. He pub. a work on the interior of 
Brazil, in 1836. Removing to Rio de Janeiro 
in 1826, he was elected to the legisl. ; directed 
the military acad. of Rio in 1832, and was 
soon after niiide com. -in-chief of the Brazilian 
army. He was sec. for life of the Industrial 
Aid Society, and one of the founders, and for 
several vtais vicc-pres., of the Hist. Societv of 
Kio.le Jaiair... 

Cunningham, Gex. Robert, loyalist; d. 
Nassau, Xew Providence, 1SI3, a. 74. In 1769, 
he settled in the dist. of Xinety-Six, and be- 
came a judge ; imprisoned by the Whigs -in 
Charleston, in 1775-July, 1776; made a brig.- 
gen. of loyalists in 1780, and placed in com. 
of a garrison in S.C. He removed to Nassau, 
N.P. The British Govt, compensated him for 
his losses, and gave him an annuity. 

Cunningham, Wil;.iam, prov.-marshal 
of the British army in New York during 
the Revol. war, was executed for forgery at 
London Dock, Aug. 10, 1791. (See his con- 
fession in Ms. Centinel, Feb. 15, 1792.) Of 
the prisoners under his care, 2,000 were starved 
10 death, and more than 250 were privately 
hung without ceremony. 

Curry, Daniel, D.D. (Wesl. U. 1832), 
elergvuuui and author, b. near Peekskill.N.Y., 
Nov."26, 1809. Wesl. U., Ct., 1837. Princi- 
pal of the Troy Conference Acad., 1837. lu 
1839 he removed to Ga , where he was sta- 
tioned successively at Athens, Savannah, and 
Columbus. He entered the N.Y. Conlercnce 
in 1844. After having been stationed in the 
cities of N.Y., X. Haven, Brooklyn, and Hart- 
ford, he was, in 1854-7, pres. of the Indiana 
Asbury U. Returning to Brooklyn, he was, 
in 1838, pastor of the church in jliUdletown, 
and in 1862, at 37th St., N.Y'. City. He has 
contrib. to the magazines of the day. Author 
of "Life of Wycliffe, and " Metropolitan City 
of America." He has also edited Southey's 
"Life of Wesley." Ed. of the Christian Ad- 
vocate since 1864. 

Curry, Jabbz Lafayette Monroe, 
politician, b. Lincoln Co., Ga., June 5, 1823; 
removed in 1838, with his family, to Talladega 
Co., Ala. U. of Ga. 1843 ; H.U. Law School 
in 1843, and became a disting. lawyer. Mem- 
ber of the Ala. H. of representatives in 1847, 
'53, and '53 ; and in 1837-61, M.C., distin- 
guishing himself as a debater. Jan. 7, 1861, 
he joined the other represematircs of Ala. at 



OUR 



23G 



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Washington in advising the immeiliate seces- 
sion of the State. He was a member of the 
Con fed. Congress. After the war, he became 
a Baptist preacher, and pres. of Howard Coll., 
Ala., in 18(53. 

Clirtin, Andrew Gregg, statesman, b. 
BellL-funte, Pa., Apr. 28, 1817. Adm. to the 
bar ic 1839, and practised at Bellefonte. He 
canvassed the State for Clay in 1844, and for 
Taylor in 1848. From 1855 to 1858, he was 
see. of state, and supt. of common schools for 
Pa. In 1 8G0, he was elected gov. by the Repnb. 
party. When the civil war broke out in 1861, 
he was zealous in organizing troops, an<l in 
May, 1861, in a message to the legisl., advised 
tlie establishment of a reserve-corps, which ren- 
dered important service to the country. He 
was re-ciecteil in 1 863, and was one of the lead- 
ing spirits among the loyal govs, of the North- 
ern States during the civil war. He wa.« active 
in the election of Gen. Grant, who app. him 
ministLT to Russia in Apr. 1869. 

Curtis, Alva, MD.,b.N.H., 1797. Edit- 
ed Pliijxico-Med. Recorder 20 years in Cincin. 
Author of " Medical Discussions," 12mo. 183.3 ; 
" Lectures on Obstetrics," Svo, 1838 ; " Theory 
and Practice of Medicine," Svo, 1842, repub. 
in Eng. ; "Medical Criticisms," 1836. — Al- 
Ubonc. 

Curtis, Benjamin Eobbins, LL.D. (H.U. 
1832). jurist, b. VVatertown, Ms., Nov. 4, 1809. 
H.U. 1829. Adm. to the bar in 1832, he com- 
menced practice at Northfield, Ms., but in 1834 
removed to Boston, where he took high rank. 
App. to the bench of the U.S. Supreme Cuurt 
in Sept. 1851, he resigned in the autumn of 
1 857, and has since practised his profession in 
Boston. He was two years in the Ms. H. of 
representatives. In Mar. 1868, he was one of 
the counsel for Pres. Johnson before the Court 
of Impeachment. Author of" Reports of U.S. 
Circuit Court," 2 vols., 1857 ; " Decisions of 
the U.S. Sup. Court," 22 vols.; "Digest " of 
the same to 1854, Svo, Boston. 

Curtis, Georgk Ticknor, jurist and 
author, bro. of B. R. Curtis, b. Watertown, 
Ms., Nov. 28, 1812. H.U. 1832. Adm. to the 
Suffolk bar. Aug. 1836. and representative in 
1840-4. Mr. Curtis has pub. " Rights and 
Duties of Merchant Seamen," " Digest of the 
Decisions of the Courts of Common Law and 
Admiralty," 2 vols. ; also of " Cases in the 
Amer. and English Courts of Admiralty," 
" American Conveyancer," " Treatise on the 
Law of Patents," "Equity Precedents," a 
ract, entitled " The Rights of Conscience 
and Property, " a treatise on the " Law of 
Cojiyright," and a " Life of Daniel Webster," 
2 vols., 8vo. He has also delivered a course of 
12 lectures on the History of the U.S. Con- 
stitution. In 1834-8, ho pub. " Commentaries 
on the .furisprudcncc. Practice, and Peculiar 
Jurisdiction, of the Courts of the U.S." Ilis 
best known work is a " History of the Origin, 
Formation, and Adoption of the Constitution 
uf the U.S.," i vols., 1855-8. 

Curtis, Geokgb William, author, b. 
Providence, R.I., Feb. 24, 1824. His mother, 
was a dau. of Senator Burrill of R.I. He re- 
ceived his early education at Jamaica Plain, 
Ms. When he was 15, his father removed to 



N.Y., where he was one year in a counting- 
house. In 1842, he went with his elder brother 
to reside with the Brook Farm Assoc, where 
he remained 18 months, and also spent a similar 
period in Concord, Ms., engaged in agriculture 
and study, and enjoying the society of Kmer- 
son and Hawthorne. In 1846, he went to 
Europe, and, after a year in Italy, entered the 
U. of Berlin, witnessing the revol. scenesof 1848. 
The 2 following years he spent chiefly in travel 
in Europe, Egypt, and Syria. He returned to 
the US. in 1850. Joining the editorial staff 
of the N.Y. Tribune, a series of letters to that 
journal afterwards appeared, entitled " Lotus 
Eating." He was one of the original editors 
of Pulnain's Montlili/, and, in the attempt to save 
its creditors from loss by the failure of the pub- 
lishers, snnk his entire private fortune. As a 
lyceum lecturer since 1853. he has met with 
great success. In the jircsidential canvass of 
1856, he enlisted with great zeal as a public 
speakcron behalf of the Repub. party. He has 
delivered several poems and orations before 
literary bodies. In the winter of 1858, he ad- 
vocated the rights of women in a lecture en- 
titled " Fair Play for Women." Hehascontrib. 
to, and for many vears edited. Harper'-^ Montlily, 
and since 1857 tlarper's Weekly. Author of 
" The Potiphar Papers," a series of satiric 
sketches of society; "Trumps," a novel; 
" Nile-Notes of a Uowadji," 18.30 ; " Howadji, 
in Syria," 1852 ; " Prue an* I," 1856. He 
edited A. J. Dovvning's " Rural Essays," with 
a memoir. 

Curtis, Samcel Rtan, maj.-gen. vols., 
b. O., Feb. 3, 1807; d. Council Blufft, la., 
Dec. 25, 1866. West Point, 1831. Hisfamily 
was from Ct. Resigning from the army in 
1 832, he studied and practised law, and was in 
1837-40 engr. of the Muskingum Works. As 
col. 2d O. vols., he served under Taylor, and as 
assist adj.-gen. to Gen. Wool in the Mexican 
war, and was for a time gov. of Saltillo, Me.\. 
He was afterward engaged in engineering at 
the \Vest ; settled as a lawyer at Keokuk, la., 
in 1855, and was M.C. in 1857-61. Here he 
was identified with the Repub. party and with 
the Pacific Railroad project. Member of the 
peace congress, 1861. When the Rebellion 
broke out, he became col. 2d la. vols. ; app. 
brig-gen. May 17, 1861, and maj.-gen. Mar. 21, 
1862. He coin, the army ojieratiug in S. W. 
Mo , and gained the victorv of Pea Ridge over 
Price and MeCulloch, Mar.' 6-8, 1 862. He was 
in com. at Fort Leavenworth, Kan., during the 
Price raid in Oct. 1864, and co-operated in 
the pursuit and defeat of Price's army. U.S. 
commis. to treat with the Sioux, Clieyennes, 
and other Indian tribes, Aug.-Xov, 1865, and 
to examine the Union Pacific Railroad, Nov. 
1865 to Apr. 1866. 

Curtiss, AnuY Allin. poet, b. Pomfret, 
Ct., 15 Sept. 1820. Daniel Allin, her father, 
was a sea-captain of Providence, R I. Her 
first piece, " Take me Home to Die," app. in 
Neal's Gazetlein 1846. In Sept. 1852, she m. 
Daniel S. Curtiss, farmer^iditor of Chicago, 
and resides at Maduson, Wis. Author of 
"Home Ballads," Boston, 1850 — Poets ana 
Pu.ln/ ofihe West. 

Curwen, Samcel, a merchant and loyalist. 



237 



CXJS 



b. Salem, JIs., Dec. 28, 1715 ; d. there Apr. 9, 
li;02. Son of U^v. George. He wa.s educate J for 
the ininii-try, but engajjed in commercial ]iur- 
suilf in S.dcm, and in thewinter of 1744-5 was 
a ca[)t. in Peppercli's successful exped against 
Louisljurg. In 17.59, Mr. Curwen was app. im- 
post officer for Essex Co., and in 1775 was 
judge of tlie Admiralty Court. He left his 
country in May, 1775, and resided abroad un- 
til the autumn of 1784, when he returned to 
hi< native town. His Journal and Letters were 
pub. in 1842, with notices of his fellow-loyal- 
ists, by the editor, Geo. A. Ward of X. Y. 

Gushing, C.iLEB, LL.D. (H. U. 1852), 
politician, orator, and jurist, b. Salisbury, Ms., 
Jan. 17, 180U. H. U. 1817. His father ac- 
quired a handsome fortune in the shipping 
business. He studied law at Cambridge; was 
tutor of mathematics and natural philos. two 
years, and then removed to Newburyport to 
practise law. In 1825-6, he served iu the State 
legisl., and in 1829 visited Europe, publishing, 
on his return, " Reminiscences of Spain," and 
" Review of the Revol. in France." He also 
wrote for the N. Anier. Reuirw, mainly on his- 
torical and legal subjects. In 1833-4, he was 
again elected to the legisl., and was M. C. from 
1835 to 1843. During the administration of 
Tyler, Jlr. Gushing was one of the few Whigs 
who sustained the course of that Pres. in aban- 
doning his political friends ; since which, he has 
been connected with the Demoe. party. App. 
by Pies. Tyler commissioner to China in 1843, 
henegotiatcd an important treaty in 1844. Re- 
turning to Newburyport in 1846, he was again 
elected to the legisl., in which he was the most 
prominent member. He advocated the policy 
of the JIe.\ican vjar, advanced the money from 
his own means for equipping the Ms. regt., of 
which he was chosen col., accomp. it to the Rio 
Grande in the spring of 1847, and April 14, 
1847, was app. a brig.-gen. While in Mexico, 
in 1847, he was the Democ. candidate for gov. 
of Ms., and was defeated. In 1850, he was a 
5th time elected to the legisl., and was mayor 
of Xewburvport ; in 1852 was made a justice 
of the State Supreme Court ; was atty.-gen. 
under Pres. Pierce, 1853-7, and, on his return 
home was again re-elected to the legisl., remain- 
ing until 1860. In 1860, he was pres. of the 
Democ. convention at Charleston, S. C. In 
July, 18G6, he was app. one of three to re- 
vise and codify the laws of the U. S. His lit- 
erary, historical, and political productions, as 
well as his orations and addresses, have been 
very numerous. He delivered a poem before 
the Phi Beta Kappa Society in 1819, and an 
oration ou the Durability of the Federal Union, 
on taking his degree. In 1826, he pub. a " His- 
tory of Newburyport," and a treatise on " The 
Practical Principles of Political Economy ; " 
" Growth and Territorial Progress of the 
U. S.," 8vo, 1839; "Life of Wm. H. Harri- 
son." Boston, 12mo, 1840. 

Gushing, Jonathan Peter, pres. of 
Hainp. Sid. t'oll., 1821-35, b. Rochester, N.H., 
March 12, 1793; d. Raleigh, N.C., April 25, 
1835. Dartm. Coll. 1817. He purchased with 
the proceeds of his overwork, as an apprentice, 
the remainder of his time, and entered Phil- 
lips (Exeter) Acad., where, by working at his 



trade a portion of the time each day, and by 
school-keeping, he paid his expenses,"and went 
through college. To restore his health, he 
went South ; became a tutor in Hamp. Sid. 
Coll. in Nov. IS17 ; prof, of chemistry and nat- 
ural philos., 1819-21. This institution, then 
disorganized and broken down, was, by his ex- 
ertions built up and placed high in rank among 
kindred institutions. The labor and responsi- 
bility of the enterprise exhausted his strength, 
and hastened his death. 

Gushing, Luther Stearns, jurist, b. Lu- 
nenburg, June 22, 1803; d. Boston, June 2:i, 
1856. Camb. Law School, 1826. He lor some 
years conducted T/ie Jurist and Law- Ma'/aime 
in Boston ; was clerk of the house from 1832 lo 
1844; representative in 1844; judge of C C.P., 
1844 to 1848, and subsequently reporter of the 
decisions of the Supreme Court. In 1845, he 
pub. a " Manual of Parliamentary Practice ; " 
" Elements of the Law and Practice of Legis- 
lative Assemblies," 1855; 12 vols. Ms. Sup. 
Court Reports; "Introd. to the Study of Roman 
Law," IS54; and " Rules of Proceeding and 
Debates in Deliberative Assemblies," 1854. 
He transl. " Pothier on Contracts," 1839. 

Gushing, Nathan, jurist, h. Sept. 24, 
1742; d. Scituate, .Ms., Nov. 3, 1812. H. U. 
1763. Counsellor, and judge Ms. Sup. Court, 
1800-12. 

Gushing, Col. Nathaniel, Revol. officer, 
b. Pembroke, Ms., Apr. 8, 1753 ; d. Marietta, 
0., Aug. 1814. Lieut, in Brewer's regt. in 
July, 1775; capt. in R.Putnam's regt. from 
1777 to the close of the war ; was in many ac- 
tions ; surprised Col. Delancey's loyalist corps 
in May, 1780, and brev. major in n82. Emi- 
grated to Belpre, Ohio, in 1789. 

Gushing, Thomas, LL.D. (H. U. 1785), 
Revol. statesman, b. Boston, Mar. 24, 1725; 
d. Feb. 28, 1788. H.U.I 744. Son of Thos., 
speaker of the H. from 1742 to his d., U Apr. 
1746.' Many years a representative from Bos- 
ton ; and when Otis, who had been chosen 
speaker, was negatived by the gov., he was 
elected in his place, filling it until 1774, when 
he was a member of the Prov. Congress, and 
of the Congress which met at Phila. On his 
return, he was elected to the council ; was coni- 
missarv-gen.in 1775 ; judge of the C. C. P.,and 
of ProWe in Suffolk Co., in 1777; declined 
a seat in the Cont. Congress in 1779, and was 
lieut.-gov. of Ms. from 1779 until his death, 
and acting gov. in 1785. His signature being 
affixed to all public papers, as sjieaker of the 
house, caused him to be regarded in Great Bri- 
tain as the leader of the Whigs in this country. 
Dr. Johnson, in his "Taxation no Tyran- 
ny," says, " One object of the Americans is 
said to be to ailorn the brows of Mr. (ushing 
with a diadem." He was the devoted friend 
and counsellor of Hancock, and the friend and 
corresp. of Franklin, from whom he received 
the letters of Hutchinson and others, that pro- 
duced so great an effect at the time. He was a 
commissioner of the Society in London for 
Propagating the Gospel in N. E., and one of 
the founders of the Amcr. Acad, of Arts and 
Sciences. He was moderate and conciliatory 
in character, and possessed great influence. 

Gushing, Thomas Hcmphkey, brig.-gen. 



CTJS 



CXJS 



U.S.A., b, 17:i5; (1. N. Lon.l.m, Ct , Oct. 19, 
1822. With his hro. XiithaiiicI, lie served 
thioujih tlie Revol. war, ami was a sergeant 
uniler him in Arnold's naval battle on Lake 
Cliamplain; was app. capt. 2d Inf., March 4, 
1791; niaj. 1st sub. Icfjion, March 3, 179.3; 
insp. Fell. 24,1797; adj. and insp. April 1, 
1802; lieiit.-eol. 2d Inf. ; col. Sept. 7, 1805; 
adj.-gen. and brig.-gen. Julv, 1812; app. col- 
lector of New London, Jan. 1816. He ibu^'ht 
a duel with Mr. Lewis, M. C. from Va., in 
which his life was saved by his watch, which 
was struck by his adversary's ball. An account 
of his trial by court-martial was pub. in 1812. 

Gushing, Tho.mas PAHKM.iX, a public- 
spirited luerchant of Boston, b. Ashburnhani, 
Ms., 1787; d. Boston, Nov. 2.3, 1854. By his 
will, he bequeathed the bulk of his fortune, 
supposed to amount to.S150,000, for the main- 
tenance of 2 schools in his native town. 

Cushing, WiLLUM, LL.I). (H.U. 1785), 
jurist, b, Suiiuatc, March 1, 1732; d. there 
Sept. 13, ISIU. H.U. 1731. He was the de- 
scendant of Matthew of Boston, 1638, whose 
grandson John, jud<;e of the Supreme Court 
in 1728, d. Scituate, Jan. 19, 1737, a. 75. His 
father John, also a judge of the Supreme 
Court, d. 1772; was one of the presiding judges 
at the trial of the Brit, soldiers for the massacre 
at Boston, March 5, 1770. He studied law 
with J. Gridlcy ; was atty. -gen. of Ms.; judge 
of Probate, Pownalboro', Lincoln Co., Me., 
1768; judge of the Ms. Superior Court, 1772; 
chief-justice, 1777; judge of the Supreme Ju- 
dicial Court, 1782, and at the beginning of the 
Revol., alone among the high in office, sup- 
ported the rights of his country. First chief- 
justice of the State under the constitution of 
1788; asso. justice U.S. Supreme Court, Sept. 
27, 1789; he was, in 1796, nominated by Wash- 
ington chief-justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, 
which honor he declined. In 1788, he was 
vicc-pres. of the Ms. convention ; was a found- 
er and member of the Am. Acad, of Arts and 
Sciences in 1780. He was an eloquent speaker, 
and iuviucilileat town-meetings. 

Cushing, William B., lieut.-com. U.S.N., 
h. Wis., Nov. 24, 1842. App. from N.Y., Sept. 
24, 18.i7 ; resigned, Mar. 23, 1861 ; re-app. act- 
ing officer, 1861; lieut. July 16, 1862; lieut.- 
com. Oct. 22, 1864. There was not a year 
during the war that Lieut. C. did not disting. 
himself by some perilous adventure. Nov. 23, 
1862, hewas ordered in the steamer " Ellis " to 
ea]jture Jacksonville, and destroy salt-works, if 
any, in New River Inlet. After performing 
tiiisdutv successfully," The Ellis " got aground. 
Lieut. Cushing fired her, and escaped in a 
small boat, receiving special commendation for 
his coolness, courage, and conduct in this af- 
fair. For his daring exploit on the night of 
Oct. 27, IS64, in blowing up the rebel ram 
" Albemarle," at Plymouth, he received a vote 
of thanks from Congress, and a complimen- 
tary letter from the see. of the navy. In this 
affair his boat was sunk ; and Lieut. Cushing 
escaped by swimming ashore, and making use 
ot a picket-boat belonging to the rebels, with 
which he reached the fleet. He com. the 
steamer " Maumee," Asiatic squadron, 186S-9. 
— Haimrsli/. 



Cushman, Charlotte SArxnEns, an 
eminent actress, b. Boston, July 23, 1816. At 
the age of 12, she contributed to the support 
of her family by her fine voice ; and she was 
advised by the celebrated Jlrs. Wood to culti- 
vate it for the stage. April 18, 1835, she made 
her dihit at the Tremont Theatre, Boston, as 
the countess in " The Marriage of Figaro." 
Accepting an engagement at N. Orleans, her 
voice failed her. Ueiermining to become an 
actress, under the tuition of Mr. Barton, she 
studied the part of Lady Macbeth, in whi( h 
she appeared with complete success. She 
played for 3 years to large audiences at ^\\^' 
Bowery and at th« Park, N.Y., in a great vari- 
ety of parts, and brought out her younger sis- 
ter Susan, taking herself the chief male parts ; 
and for one season, in Pbila., they played all the 
principal characters. She afterwards directed 
one of the Phila. theatres, until invited by Mr. 
Alacready, in 1844, to accompany him on a 
professional tour in the Northern States, in the 
course of which she (dayed with success the 
higher range of tragic parts. In 1845, she ap- 
peared at the Princess's Tlieatre, Loud., as Bi- 
anca in "Fazio." Her reception was enthusi- 
astic ; and for 84 nights she appeared in a vari- 
ety of characters. With her sister, she acted 
for several years at the Ilaymarket Theatre, 
Lond., and in the chief provincial towns. In 
1849, she revisited the U.S., and played Meg 
Merrilies in " Guy Mannering." She has since 
played lioth in Eng. and Amer. Her sister 
Susan was m. in March, 1848, to Ur. James 
S. Muspratt of Liverpool. 

Cushman, HENia- Wtles. lieut -gov. of 
Ms., 1831-2, b.Bernardston, Ms., 9 Aug. 1805; 
d. there 21 Nov. 1863. Descended from Rob- 
ert. He studied at the Norwich Milit. Acad.-; 
was a member of the legisl. in 1837, '39, '40, 
and '44, and of the Const. Conv., 1833. He 
held many p\d)lic and private trusts, and was 
amemberofthe N.E. H. and G. Soc, and many 
years pres. of the Franklin Co. Agric. Soc. 
Author of the Cushman Genealogy, 1853. He 
had nearly completed a Hist, of Bcrnardston, 
at the time of his d. — See Geneal. Register, 
1864. 

Cushman, Robert, one of the founders 
of Plymouth Colony, b. Eng. ab. 1580; d. 
1625. He joined the nonconformists at Ley- 
den, and in 1617 was sent by them to Loiul., 
with Jolni Carver, to negotiate wiih the Va. 
Company for leave to settle within their do- 
main in Amer., and to petition King James 
for " liberty of conscience there." Sent again 
in 1619, with Wm. Brewster, a patent was fi- 
nally obtained. He made a 4ih journey to 
Lond. in 1620, with Carver and Mariin, pro- 
cured " The Mayflower," a pilot, &c., and sailed 
in her as " assistant gov." from Southampton, 
Aug. 5, 1620, in company with " The Speed- 
well." The latter, proving unseaworthy, re- 
turned ; and Mr. Cushman took charge of tiiose 
who remained, and followed in the ne.\t vcs.^el, 
" The Fortune," reaching New Plymouth. Nov. 
9, 1621. Dec. 12, he preached the first sermon 
in Amer. that was printed, " On the Sin and 
Danger of Self love." This sermon, with a Me- 
moir of Cnshman bv John Davis, was re-pub. 
Plymouth, 1785. lie sailed for Eng. ilse next 



CTJS 



239 



CXJX 



day, but was captured hy the French, plundered, 
and detained 2 weeks on tlieir coast. After his 
arrival, he wrote an* pub. an eloquent vindi- 
cation of the colonial enterprise, and an appeal 
for Cliristian missions to the Amer. Inclians. 
He continued in Lond. as a^'ent for the Colo- 
ni.'its. In I G2.3, he, with Edward Winslow, pro- 
cured from Lord ShciBold a charter for terri- 
tory on Cajie Ann. 

Custer, George A., brev.m.ij.-<ren. U.S.A., 
h. New r.umley, O , Dee. 5, 1839. West Point, 
1861. Euterius; the second cav., he served in 
the Potomac Army ; was aide to MeClellan, and 
engaged at Yorklown, So Mountain, and An- 
tietam, and Stoneman's raid ; was aide to Gen. 
Plcasinion ; brifr-gen. of vols. 29 June, 18G.3; 
held with his cav, bri;rade the rif;ht of the line 
at Gettysburj: ; com. a bri^rade of the, cav. 
corps in the Richmond campaign, Apr. to Aug. 
1S64 ; and of the .3d div. cav. cor|)S in Shenan- 
doah Valley, Oct. '64 to Mar. '6o. He routed 
the rebel reai-suard at Falling Waters ; at 
Winchester, he captured 9 battle-flags, and 
more men than he had engaged ; rendered 
most important service at Fisher's Hill; brcv. 
maj.-gen. for conduct at Cedar Creek; routed 
Gen. Rosser, Oct. 9, 1864 ; and at Waynesboro' 
ciptured the remnant of Early's armv, ah. 18,- 
000 strong, in Feb. 186.5. In "the battles of the 
campaign ending in the surrender of Lee, Cu.s- 
ter com. a cav. division, and bore a most im- 
portant part; disting. himself at Dinwiddle C. 
H., at Five Forks. Sailor Creek, and finally at 
Appomatiox C. H., and A]ir. 15, 186.5, "was 
made maj.-gen. of vols. Ho never lost a gun 
or a color, captured more guns, flags, and pris- 
oners than any other general not an army 
commander, and was e.xceptionally fortunate 
in his career. Licnt.-col. 7th cav. 28 July, 
1S66; brev.-maj. for Gettysburg; lieut-col. for 
Yellow Tavern, Va., 11 Mav, 1864; col. for 
Winchester, 19 Sept. 1864; brig. -gen. for Five 
Forks, anil maj.-gen. U.S.A., for services end- 
ing in Lee's surrender. — Cnlliim. 

Custine (kus'ten'), Ad.vm Philip, Couxt 
DE, a French gen., b. Metz, Feb. 4, 1742; 
gnilloiined at Paris, Aug. 29. 179-1. After 
serving as capt. in the Seven-Years' War under 
tbf Great Frederick, he obtained, through the 
influence of Choiseul, a regt. of dragoons in 
1762, which was called by his name; but in 

1 780 he exchanged this for the regt. Saiutonrje. 
Was quar -master-gen. of the French forces in 
Amer. in 1780—3, and was present at the sur- 
render at Yorktown. On his return, in 1783, 
he was made mnrechnl-de-cam/>, and gov. of Ton- 
Ion. In 17S9, he was ilep. of the nobility of 
Metj.and was one of the first who declared for 
the popular party. He afterwards com. the 
army of the nortli; received in .Tune, 1792, the 
com. of the army of the Lower Rhine, and after 
some successes took com. of the northern 
nriny, in May, 1793, from which, however, he 
was soon rentlled by the committee of safety, 
and placed at the bar of the revol. tribunal, 
wliicn, spite of n spirited defence, having de- 
termined upon his death, ccmdemned him. 

Custis, George W.\shixgtos P.vkke, 
the last ol Wa^hin;;ton's fandlv, h. Apr. 30, 

1781 ; d. Arlington, Oct. 10, 18n'7. His father. 
Col. John Parke Custis, the son of Mrs. 



Washington, was aide-de-camp to Washington 
at the siege of Yorktown, and d. Nov. 5, 17S1, 
a. 28. The son had his e.trly home at Mount 
Vernon, pursued his classical studies at Prince- 
ton, and, having built " Arlington House," de- 
voted himself to literature and agriculture. 
This estate, which came to him under the will 
of WashinL;ton, passed, at his death, to R. E. 
Lee, who m. his only dau. Mr. Custis wrote 
some orations and plays, and executed some 
paintings of Revol. battles. He was in his 
early days an eloquent and effective speaker, 
and was well known for his generous hospital- 
ity. His Recoils, of Washington, with a me- 
moir of the author, by his dan., was pub., with 
notes by B. J. Lossing, 8vo, I860. 

Cutbush, Jame.s, b. Pa. Pyrotechnist, 
prof of chemistrv, at West Point ; d. there 
Dec. 15, IS23. He pub. the "Useful Cabinet," 
1808; " Philos. of Experimental Chemistrv," 
2 vols., 1813; "Treatise on Pyrotechnics,'* 
Phila., 1825; app. apothec.-gen." U.S.A., 12. 
Aug. 1814; post-surgeon at W. Point, 1820-1. 
Cutler, Bexjamin Clarke, D. D. (Col. 
Coll. 18.36), b. Roxburv, Ms,, 6 Feb. 1798; d. 
Brooklyn.N.Y., lOFeb". 1863. Brown U. 1822. 
Ord. in" Nov. 1822; was settled in Quincy 7 
years ; spent the winter of 1830 in Sav.tnnah, 
was rector of Leesburg parish ab. a year ; in 
1832 took charge of the first city, mis-ion of 
the Ep. Church in N.Y. ; rector of St. Ann's, 
Brooklyn, from Apr. 1833, to his d. Has pub. 
" Centurv Sermon, Christ Church, Quincy, 
Ms., 1828;" "21 Parochial Sermons," Phila., 
12mo, 1857; also many other discourses, ser- 
mons, tracts, &c. — See Memoir bu Rev. Uoralio 
Gra,/, 1864. 

Cutler, Exos, col. U.S.A., b. Brookfield, 
Ms., Nov. 1, 1781; d. Salem, July 14, I860. 
B.U. 1800. Tutor there one year. He studied 
law, settled in Cincinnati ; app. lieut. 7lh Inf., 
1808; capt. Sept. 1810; assist, adj.-gen. Feb 15, 
I8I3; assist, insjj.-gen. Mar. 18, 1813; maj.38th 
Inf., Mav 1, 1814; lieut.col. 3d, Apr. 28, 
1826; co"l. 4th Inf., Sept. 21, 1836; res. Nov. 
30, 1839. He saw service in the War of 1812, 
in the first Seminole campaign with Gen. Jack- 
son, and in the Creek war. 

Cutler, Jervis, a Western pioneer, b. Ed- 
gartown, Ms., Sept. 19, 1708; d. Evansville, 
Ind., June 25, 1844. Son of Manasseh Cutler, 
LL.D. One of the band of emigrants from 
Ms., under Gen. Rnfus Putnam, who in 1788 
settled Marietta. He was an officer of the 
Ohio militia, and also of the regular armv. 
In 1823, he settled as an engraver in .Vashvilfe, 
Jenn., and in 1841 at Evansville. He pub. 
in 1812 "A Topographical Description of the 
Western Conntrv, with an Account of the In- 
dian Tribes." 

Cutler, Lysaxder, maj.-gen. U.S. vols., 
b. Me., ab. 1806; d. Milwaukee, Wis.. Jnlv 30, 
1866. In 1861, be took com. of the 6th "Wis. 
regt., which he made one of the best in the ser- 
vice. While commanding the " Iron Brigade " 
of the Potomac Army, by his faithfulness 
and gallantry he won the grade of brigadier, 
and afterward of m.nj. -gen., proving himself an 
excellent leader both of brigade and division, 
ami was twice wounded. 

Cutler, Manasseh, LL.D. (Y. C- 1791), 



CXJX 



240 



cxn' 



clerevninn ami botanist, h. Killinglv, Ct., May 
3,1742; cl. Hamilton, Ms., Jnl_v28,'l823 Y.C. 
1765. lie I'nga^'fcl in the «halint,'-l)iisincss ; 
then opined a store in Edgartown ; was adm. 
to tlie liai- in 1757, but removed to Uedliam ; 
studied tlieology ; was licensed in 1770, and 
Sc]it. 11, 1771, was ord. minister of Hamilton. 
In Sept. 1 776, he became chaplain of Col. Fran- 
cis's regt., takin;; part in the action in R.I., An;;. 
28, 1778, receiving for his bravery the gift of a 
fine horse from his col. He also studied and 
practised medicine, and became noted for his 
scientific attainments. Made a member of the 
Amcr. Aca.lemy in 1781 : the vol. of its me- 
moirs for KS.T contain.? several of his scientific 
pajiers. His botanical paper was the first at- 
temiit at a .•scientific description of the plants 
of X K. With Br. Peck's assistance, he pre- 

Iiared tlje ch.i|)teron trees and plants in " Bel- 
Lnnp's History of N. H." In 178+, he became 
a menilier of tlie Phllos. Society of Phila. In 
17S7, as agent for the Ohio comp., he purchased 
from Congress 1,. 500,000 acres of land N.W. 
of the Ohio lliver. Dr. Cutler started the first 
company of emigrants to tliat region, who be- 
gan the settlement of Marietta, Apr. 7, 1788. 
He himself travelled thither in a sulky, accom- 
plishing the 7.50 miles in 29 days. He returned 
with his family to N. E. in 1790. Washington, 
in 1795, app. him a judge of the Supreme Court 
of Ohio Terr. ; but he declined. He was after- 
ward a member of the Ms. legisl., and M. C. 
from 1800 to 1804. Author of a Century Dis- 
course at Hamilton. 27 Oct. 1814. 

Cutler, Timothy, DD. (Oxf. 172.3), pres. 
of Y. C, 1719-22, b. 1684; d. Boston, Ms., 
Aug. 17, 176.5. H. U. 1701. Ord. Jan. 11, 
1709, at Stratford, Ct. In 1 722, he renounced 
his connection with the Cong, churches, went 
to Eng., took orders, returned to Boston, and 
was rector of Christ Church from Dec. 29, 1723, 
till his death. He jmb. a sermon before the 
General Court at N. Haven in 1717, and one 
on the death of Thomas Graves, 1757. A sc- 
rip's of his letters in Nichols's " Illustrations of 
Liierary History " have considerable historical 
value. " He was," says Pres. Stiles, " a good 
logician, geographer, and rlietorician," and was 
a man of extensive reading, and of a command- 
ing presence and dignity. 

Cutt, JoHS, pres. of the Province of N.H., 
b. Wales ; d. Mar. 27, 1681. He came to this 
country, with his bros. Robert and Richard, 

Previous to 1646; settled as a merchant in 
'ortsniontli, N.H., became also a farmer and 
mill-owner, and acquired by industry and probi- 
ty a large juoperty. He was a (Jeputy to the 
Gen. Cc/iirt during the union with Ms., and was 
one of the committee of Portsmouth app. under 
the juri.sdiction of Ms., and against the claims 
of Masoii. He was app. pres. in 1C79. His bro. 
Hicinno settled at the Shoals, and carried on 
fishing, hut removed to Portsmouth, all the 
liortlurlv part of which was owned by himself, 
Jii- bro. Jnlin, and two others. Robert settled 
in Kittcry, where he was a noted shi])-builder. 
Pioin these brothers are descended all the 
CiTTs families on both sides the Piscaiaqua. 

Cutter, Ammi Rch.xmah, M. D. (H. U. 
1792). phvsician, b. N. Yarmouth, Me., Mar. 
4, 17.15; d. Portsmouth, X.H., Dec. 8, 1819. 



H.U. 1752. His father, a clergyman (II.T*. 
1725), was at the time of his deatli chapiaiii 
of a N.E. regt. at tlie siege of Loiiisburg, 174.5. 
He studied physic with Dr. Clement Jacksiu) 
of Portsmouth; was surgeon to Col. Robert 
Rogers's rangers until disbandi<l, and iu 
1758 was surgeon of the N.H. troops in the 
snccessful exped. against Loui-slmfg. On his 
return, he ni., and soon obtained a very ex- 
tensive practice. He was a decided Whig, 
and was physician-gen. of the eastern dept. ; 
stationed at Fishkill from Apr. 1777, until 
the beginning of 1778, when he resumed pr.u- 
tise at Portsmouth He was a delegate to the 
N.H. Const. Conv. ; was long pres. of the 
N.H. Med. Society. — Thaclier. 

Cutter, George W., poet, b. 5Is. ; d. 
Wasliington, D.C., 24 Dec. 1865. He prac- 
tised law successfully in Ky. until 1845; was 
a capt. in McKee's Ky. Vols, in the Jlexic.an 
war; was at one time a member of the Ind. 
legisl., and was a clerk in the treasury dejit. 
during Fillmore's administration. Among his 
best pieces are, " E Phinhns Unum," and the 
" Song of Steam." Author of '• Poems, Na- 
tional, and Patriotic," 8vo., Phila., 1857 ; 
" Song of Steam and Other Poems," Cincin. 
12mo. — Poets and {'ovtii/ of the U' .-(. 

Cutting, Francis BnocKHOLsr, an emi- 
nent commercial lawver of N.Y. M.C. iu 
185.3-5, b. N.Y. Citv, 1805; d. there 26 June, 
1870. Col. Coll. l'825. Grand.son of Leon- 
ard, Pr.-Ep. rector, of St. George's Church, 
Hempstead, L.I., 1766-84; d. 1794, a. 69. In 
the N.Y. legisl., he rendered efficient service to 
the Democ. party in 1S36-7. He refused to 
follow the lead of the South while, in Congress, 
and had a personal difficulty with J. ('. Breck- 
inridge. In 1861, he became a 'war Demo- 
crat," and did good service in securing the re- 
election of Pres. Lincoln. Lcailing counsel in 
nearly all important commercial questions in 
N.Y. in 1840-55. 

Cutting, James A., inventor; d. July, 
1867, in the Lunatic Asylum, Worcester, MV. 
Early in life, he resided in Haverhill, and 
gained some money by the patent for a bee- 
hive. He went to Boston, le:irnc(L the art of 
daguerroty|iing, and invented the process of 
making ambrotypcs, lor which he received u 
large sum. He established an Aqnarial Gar- 
den in Boston. 

CuttS, Richard, poliiici.in, b. Saco, M.-., 
June 28, 1771 ; d Washington, Apr. 7, 1S45. 
H.U. 1790 He studied law ; engaged in lom- 
merccand politics ; was captain of a nieivhani- 
man ; visited Europe; was2yeais in the .Ms. 
legisl. ; M C. in 1801-13 ; supt. gen. of mili- 
tary supplies in 1813-17, and, from l817«to 
1829, second compt. U.S. treasury. Iu Con- 
gress, he supported efficiently the administra- 
tions of Jefferson and Madison, voting for the 
war with ICng., although it "Ould necessarily 
prove ruinous to his private fortune, consist- 
ing principally in ships. 

Cuyler, Sir Corxki.ius, bait., a Brit. 

fen., b. Aibanv, N.Y. ; d. St. John's Lo<Ige, 
lerts, Eng., March 8, 1819. Bart. Oct. 29, 
1814. In -Slay, 1759, lie joined as ensign the 
55th Foot, and was at the rednctiim of Ticon- 
deroga in 1753, and of Montreal in 1760' 



CITY 



241 



T>AJI 



capt, 46th, May 9, 1764; first A. DC. to 
Gen. Sir W. Ho'.ve from Jiilv, 177.5, to .Tan. 15, 
1776, when he was made maj. 55th. lie con- 
tinueil first aide to Gen. Howe ; was at the 
battles of Long IslanrI, Brandyivine, anil Ger- 
mantovvn ; lieut.-col. Nov. 16, 1777; com. his 
rej;t. at Monmouth; was at the reduction of 
St. Lucie in 1779 ; adj.-i;en. to the .armv iu the 
W. Indies in 1781 ; col. Nov 20. 1782; Q M. 
O. W. Inilics, 1787-92; com. the forces there 
in 1792-3; captured Toha;,'o, April 15, 179.3 ; 
maj. -gen. Oct. 12, 1793; lieut.-gon. 1798; 
f;cn. 1803 ; gov. of Kinsalc, and col. 69lh, at 
llie time of his death. — Phillpart ; Suhine. 

Cuyler, Cornklics C, D.D. (Un. Coll. 
1828), Presb. clergvman, b. Albanv, N.Y., 
Feb. 15, 1783 ; d. Piiila., Aug. 31, 1850. Un. 
Coll. 1806. His ancestors came from Leyden 
to N.Y. ah. 1650. His mother was a sister of 
Chicf-.Iustice Yates. Ord. .Jan. 2, 1809, over 
the Dutch Chuich of Poughkeepsie ; 14 Jan. 
1834, he took charge of ihe 2d Presb. Church, 
Phila. ; sided with the "old school" in the 
split of th It denomination ; exercised a con- 
trolling influence over the deliberations of that 
party, acting as pres. of the convention of 
1837, which defined its doctrine and policy. 
He was many vears pres. of the board of trus- 
tees of Jeff. Med. Coll. Author of " The 
Signs of the Times," 12mo, Phila., and occa- 
sional sermons. — Sprai/ue. 

Sablon, Claude, superior of the .Jesuit 
missions on ihe Upper Lakes, and a friend 
and companion of Father Marquette; labored 
principally .it the Saute Ste. Marie, and at the 
head of Green Bay. He took part in the ex- 
peds. for the survey of Lake Superior, which 
resulted in a valuable and curious map of that 
region, and statements concerning its copper- 
mines. An account of his labors is in the 
Jesuit Relation of 1671, repub. N.Y., 1860. 

Dabney, Richard, a self-taught scholar, 
b. Louisa Co., Va., ah. 1787; d. Nov. 1825. 
He was an assist, teacher at Richmond, and in 
Dec. 1811, barely escaped with life from the 
burning theatre there. In 1812, he pub. a vol. 
of original poems and transltitions, of which a 
new ed. appeared in 1815, in Phila. 

Daboll, Nathan, mathematician ; d. 
Grotun, Ct., Mar. 9, 181S, a. 68. He was an 
nMe teacher, had instructed 1,500 persons in 
navigation ; pul). a valuable system of arith- 
nurie, and also of navigation. Ills son, C. L. 
Daisoll, inventor of the fog-trumpet, d. New 
I,..n.lon, Ct., Oct. 13, 1866, a. 48. 

Daures, James Richard, a British adm. ; 
d. i;ug., Dec. 4, 1853. His father, Vice-Adm. 
D.acres, com. " The Carleton " on Lake Cham- 
(ibiin, in the fight with Arnold's flotilla, in 
1776. The son entered the Royal Navy in 
1796; was promoted to the com. of the sloop 
" lilk" in 1805 ; was transferred to " The Bac- 
chante " in 1806, and to " The Guerriere," " a 
wnrn-out frigate," in 1811. In the action be- 
tween this ship and "The Constitution," Capt. 
Hull, Aug. 19, 1812, Daeres was wounded, and 
" The Guerriere" captured. He was tried by 
court-martial, and acquitted. In 1833, he at- 
tained flag-rank, and in 1845 was cora.-in chief 
at the Cape of Good Hope. 

Dadd, Geohge H., M.D., b. Eng., 1813. 



Veterinary surgeon, settled in the U.S., 1339i 
Author of " Anatomy and Physiology of tlio 
Horse," 8vr) ; " American Cattle I Ujctor," Svo ; 
" Modern Horse Doctor," Svo, 1854 ; " Man- 
ual of Veterinary Science," Svo, 1855. — Ed. 
Ainer. Vctm-. Jonr. 

Dade, Francis Langhorne, maj. U.S.A., 
b. Va. ; killeil bv Indians near Fort King, Fla., 
Dec. 28, 183.5. "App. lieut. 12th Inf., .\iar. 29, 
1813; capt. Feb. 1818; brev. maj. Feb. 24, 
1828 ; com. a detnelinient on a march to Fort 
King, which was nearly destroyed. 

Daggett, David, LL.D. (Y.C. 1827), 
jurist, b Attleboro', Ms., Dec. 31,1764; d. 
N. Haven, Apr. 12, 1851. Y C. 1783. Adm. 
to the bar iu 1778; meniberof the State legisl. 
1791-1SI3, and speaker in 1794; US. senator, 
1813-19 ; judge of the Supreme Court, 1826- 
32, and chief-justice in 1832-4. He was State- 
attv. in 181 1, and at. one time mayor of New 
Haven. Instructor of the law-school in 1824; 
Kent prof, of law in Y.C, from 1826 until 
compelled to resign bv the infirmities of age. 
— Sw. IJf'. hij Dr. Ou'ltoii, pull, ill 1851. 

Daggett, Napthali, D D. (N. J. Coll. 

1774), seliolar and divine, b. Attlehoro', Ms., 
Sept. 8, 1727; d. N. Haven, Nov. 25, 1780. 
Y.C. 1748. Minister of Smithtown, L. I., from 
Sept. 18, 1751, to Nov. 1755; prof, of divinity 
in I.e. from Mar. 4, 1756, till his death, and 
acting pres. in 1766-77. He received the de- 
gree of D.D. from lioth N. J. and Yale Col- 
leges. When the British attacked N. ILiven, 
in July, 1779, he went into the fight, fowling- 
piece in hand, hut was taken prisoner, and com- 
pelled, in an intensely-hot day, to act as guide 
to the advancing columns of the enemy ; while 
they repeatedly pricked him with theii' bayo- 
nets when his strength failed. He never fully 
recovered from this treatment. He pub. some 
sermons; his son Hunry, an officer of the 
Revol., and a graduate of Y.C, d. N. Haven, 
June 20. 1843, a. 85. 

Dahlgren, .lon.v A., rearadm. U.S.N., b. 
Phila., Nov. 1809; d. Wash., D.C, Jnlv 12, 
1870. Midshipm. Feb. 1826; lieut. Mar. 8, 
1837; com. Sept. 14, 1S55; capt. Julv 16, 
1862; rear-adm. Feb. 7, 186.3. In 184'7-57, 
he was employed on onluance duty, and, with 
the exception of a short i-ruise in com. of " The 
Ply mouth, "sloop-ol-war, wasengnged in impur- 
tante.xperimcnis at the navy-yard at Washing- 
ton, perfecting the Dahlgren gun. In 1862, he 
was made chief of the bureau of ordnance. 
He took com. of the S. A. block, squad., July 
6, 1863, and, in conjunction with the land for- 
ces of Gen. Gillraore, captured, after a long and 
severe struggle, Morris Island, reduced Fort 
Sumter to ruins, and ended blockade-running 
in that quarter. In Feb. 1864, he led a suc- 
cessful exped. up the St. John's River to aid a 
military force intended to be thrown into Flor- 
ida. In Dee. 1864, he co-operated with Gen. 
Sherman in the capture of Savannah, and 
Feb. 18, 1865, moved his vessels up to the city 
of Charleston. Adm Dahlgren also invented 
a rifled cannon for the navy, and introduced 
the light boat-howitzers, which are held in high 
estimation. Author of " Report on the 32- 
Pounders, of 32 cwt.." IS50; " System of Boat 
Armament in the U.S. Navy," 1852 and 1856 ; 



242 



r>^^x. 



"Naval Percussion Locks and Primers," 1852 ; 
"Shells and Shell-Guns," 1856; "Report on 
Cruise of the Ordnance Ship, Plymouth," 8vo, 
1857. 

Dahlgren, Col. Ulrich, b. 1842; killed 
in II ^kirlnl^h at King's ami Queen's C.H.,Va., 
.M:ir.4. 186+. SonofAdin. U. A midshipin. 
before the war, on its breaking out, he assisted 
his lather in the ordnance dept. ; became aide- 
de-cimp to Sigel ; was disting. at the second 
Bull Run, and, in Nov. 1862, made, at the head 
of Sigel's body-guard, that attack on Freder- 
icksburg so famous in the annals of the war. 
Transferred to Gen. Hooker, he again disting. 
himself at Chancellorsville. Retained by Gen. 
Meade, he performed most dangerous and im- 
portant service at the head of a picked body of 
men in the Gettysburg campaign, in which he 
lost a leg. Made a col. for his gallantry. He 
lost his life in a raid planned to release the 
Union prisoners from Libby Prison and Belle 
1,1c. 

Saille, Petek, a Huguenot clergyman ; d. 
Boston, May 21, 1715, a. 66. He was one of 
the earliest French Protestant ministers of 
N.Y. ; but incurring Gov. Leisler's displeasure 
in 1590, and subsequently having some differ- 
ence with his congregation, he went to Boston, 
and had charge of the French Church in 
School Street, before 1696, and continued there 
till his death. 

Dalcho, Fkedekick, physician and cler- 
gyman, b. London, 1770 ; d. Charleston, S.C., 
Nov. 24, 18-36. On the death of his father, a 
Pule, who had been an officer in the army of 
Hanover, he was invited by an uncle to Md., 
and received an excellent education in Balti- 
more. He became a medical practitioner in 
Charleston, where he was active in establishing 
the Botanic Garden. Ab. 1810 Dr. Dalcho re- 
linquished his practice, and became associated 
wi:li Mr. A. S. Willington, in conducting the 
VunritT, a daily Federal newspaper. He sub- 
sequently studied theology, liecame lay -reader 
in .St. Paul's Church, Colleton, in 1814, received 
priest's orders, and was assist, minister of St. 
Michael's Church, Charleston, from 1819 till 
his d. He pub. a treatise on " The Evidence 
of the Divinity of our Saviour," an " Historical 
Account of the Prot.-Ep. Church, in S.C." 
and " Ahimon Rezon for Masons." 8vo, 1827. 

Dale) Richard, commodore U. S. N., b. 
near Norfolk, Va., Nov. 6, 1756; d. Phila., 
Feb. 24, 1826. He went to sea at 12, and at 
19 com. a merchanl-vessel. Early in 1776, 
while a lieut. in the Va. navy, he was captured 
by the .English, and thrown into a prison-ship 
at Norfolk. Here he was surrounded by royal- 
ists, many of them old schoolmates, who pre- 
vailed on him to embark in a cruiser against 
the vessels of the State. In an affair with an 
Auier. flotilla soon after, he received a wound, 
with wliich he was confined several weeks ; and 
he resolved " never again to put himself in the 
way of the bullets of his own countrymen." 
In ihc summer of 1776, he was a midshipman 
in " The Lexington," Capt. Barry. She was 
captured onthe British coast by" The Alert," in 
Sept. 1777; and officers and men were confined 
in .Mill Prison. In Feb. 1778, most of the 
ollicersi and some of the men e.seaped; but Dale 



was retaken in Lend., and carried back. In 
Feb. 1779, he esca|ied in the gnise of a British 
naval officer, reached France, and joined Paul 
■Jones as master's mate, and soon became 1st 
lieut of the " Bon Homme Riihard" In the 
memorable battle of Sept. 2.1, 1779, with " The 
Serapis," Dale was highly disting., and received 
a severe splinter-woimd. Returning to Phila., 
Feb. 18, 1781, he was placed on the list of 
lieutenants in the navy. Joining " The Trnin- 
bull," Capt. Nicholson, in June, his ship was 
taken two months later.altcr a severe action with 
■' The Iris " and " Monk." In this action. Dale 
experienced his 3d wound and hi.s4th ea])turc. 
Being exchanged in Nov., he was employed in 
letters-o(-marqiic, and the merchant-service, 
until the end of the war. While commanding 
"The Queen of France," in 1782, he, after a 
severe conflict, beat off a privateer of 14 guns. 
June 4, 1794, he was made a capt. in the navy, 
and in May, 1798, com. the sloopof-war "Gan- 
ges." In 1801, he com. the squadron ordered 
to the Mediterranean, of whi.h " The Presi- 
dent " 44, was the flag-ship. He was so fettered, 
however, by his instructions, thai no serious 
enterprise could beattcmpted; but his vigilance 
was such thit the Tripolitans made no cap- 
tures during his command. He returned home 
in A]\rii, 1802, and resigned his commis.^ion 
Dec. 17, 1802. He spent the latter part of his 
life in Phila. in the eujoyment of a competent 
estate. Dale was a thoroughly brave and in- 
telligent seaman, and an honest and honorable 
man. Two of his sons were in the navy. 
RiCHAitD d. of wounds received in the frigate 
"President." Mostgomert d. in Dec 1852, 
a. 55. 

Dale, Gev. Samuel, pioneer, b. Rock- 
bridge Co, Va., 1772; d. Lauderdale Co., 
Mpi., May 23, 1841. He became a famous In- 
dian fighter, and afterward a trader airnn;; the 
Creeks and Cherokecs. Maj. cominamling n 
batt. of Ky. vols, a^rainst tlie Ca-ck<. Feb. 1814; 
disting. under Jackson, and brcv. brig.-g. After 
thewar, hesettleil at Dale's Ferry, on tlie Ala., 
and engaged in merchandising. In 1816, he 
was a member of the convention to diviile the 
Mpi. Territory, and served several terms in the 
Ala. legisl. His celebrated canoe-fight with 7 
Indian warriors, all of whom he killed, would 
be thought fabulous, if it had not been wit- 
nessed by some soldiers, who, not having a 
boat, could render him no assistance. — See 
L!fr,'>ti F. [I.CUuhorue. 

Dale, Sir Tho.mas, gov. of Va. ; d. near 
Bantam, E.I., early in 1620. A soMier of 
disiinction in the Low Countries, knigliK'd by 
King James in June, 1606, as Sir Tliomns 
Dale of Surrey; June 20, ICll, ab. a month 
after hisarrival in Va., the States-General gave 
him 3 years' leave of absonce. which in 1614 
was extended. He administered the govt on 
the basis of martial law, planted a new settle- 
ment at Henrico, and introduced important 
changes in the land-laws of the colony, gaining 
praise for his vigor and industry, his judgment 
and conduct. He conquered the Appomattox 
Indians, and took their town. He was suc- 
ceeded in Aug. 1611 hy Sir Thomas Gates, but 
coniinned lo take an active part in the atl'.iirs 
of the colonv; and on Gates's return to Kng. 



T>AJi, 



243 



T>AJi, 



in 161-1, he resumed the govt. He returned to 
England in June, 1616; was in Holland in Feb. 
1017 ; in Jan. 1619 was made com. of the E.I. 
fleet, and had an engagement with the Dutch 
near Bantam, but soon succumbed to the 
cliiniite. 

Dalhousie (dal-hoo'-ze). Gen. George 
l^vMS.iv, 9ih Earl oC, b. 1770; d. Dalhousie 
Ca^tle, Scotland, JIarch 21, 18.38. He suc- 
ceeded to his title and estate, on the death of 
liis father in Nov. 1787. Entering the army in 
th.it year, he was maj. of the 2d Foot, in lt92, 
and was severely wounded at Martinique. He 
served in Ireland in 1798, in the exped. to the 
Helder in 1799, in Egypt in 18(11, under Sir 
R. Abererombie, and in April, 18uj, was made a 
inaj.-gen. He was in the exped. to the Scheldt 
in 1809, and afterward in the Peninsular cam- 
paigns, where he rendered important service. 
July IS, 1815, hewas made an English baron; 
in 1816, lieut.-gen. com in Nova Scotia, ami 
was gov.-in-chief and com. of the forces of 
British N.A., from 1820 to 1828. He was com.- 
ii:-chief in India, 1829-.32. 

Dallas, Ales.inder James, statesman and 
financier, b. in the Island of Jamaica, June 21, . 
1759; d. Trenton, Jan. 16, 1817. Son of a 
Scotcli physician, and was educated at Edin- 
burgh and at Westminster. His mother be- 
coming a widow, and again marrying; he was 
prevented from obtaining any share of his f:i- 
ther's property, and in April, 178.3, quitted his 
native place, and settled in Phila. Having 
taken the oath of allegiance to the State of Pa. 
in June, 1785, he was in July, 1785, adm. to 
practise as an advocate in the Supreme Court, 
and in a few years became a practitioner in the 
U.S. Courts. He also employed himself in 
literary undertakings, wrote for the public 
journals, and at one time edited the Columbian 
.\fa(jaziiie. In Jan. 1791, he was app. sec. of 
I'a., by Gov. Jlifflin ; and in Dec. 1793, his 
commission was renewed. Not long after, he 
was constituted paymaster-gen. of a force 
which he accompanied in an exped. to Pitts- 
burg. In Dec. 1796, he again became sec. of 
state. On the election of Jefferson to the 
presidency in 1801, Mr. Dallas was app. U.S. 
atty. lor the eastern dist. of Pa., and occupied 
that jiost until his removal to Washington. 
<-l(t. 6, 1814, he was made sec. of the U.S. 
treasury, then in a deplorable condition ; and 
in that highly responsible and difficult .situa- 
tion, he exhibited great ability and energy of 
character. In March, 1815, he undertook the 
additional duties of the war office, and success- 
fnily performed the delicate task of reducing 
the army. In Nov. 1816, peace and tranquilli- 
ty being restored, the financial condition of the 
country being improved under the influence 
of tlie National Bank, which he had so long en- 
deavored to establish, he resigned his post, 
and smnrned to the practice of the law at 
Phila!/Tir-r4«cli he was eminently successful, 
ilc pub. "Features of Jay's Treaty," 1 795 ; 
" Speeclies on the Trial of Blount ; '' " Laws 
of Pennsylvania," with notes; "Reports," 
+ vols., 1 806-7 ; " Treasury Reports ; " " Exposi- 
tion of the Causes and Cliaracter of the War 
of 1 SI 2-1 5," &c. 
Dallas, Alexa.nder James, capt. U.S.N., 



son of the preceding, b. 1791 ; d. in Callao 
Bay, June 3, 1844, commanding I'acific squa- 
dron. He entered the navy, Nov. 22,1805; 
lient. June 13, 1810; master-com. March 5, 
1817; capt. April 24, 1828; served under 
Rodgersin "The President" in I812,aftenvards 
under Chauncey on Lake Ontario ; accomp. 
Porter in his cruise for the extermination of 
the West-India pirates, and attained distinction 
in his profession. 

Dallas, George Mifflin, LL.D. (NJ. 
Coll. 1S53), statesman, bro. of prec, b. Phila., 
July 10, 1792; d. there Dec. 31, 1864. N.j! 
Coll. 1810. Adm. to the bar in 1813. Accomp. 
Mr. Gallatin to Russia as private sec. ; visited 
France, Eng., and Holland ; returned home in 
1814, and, after assisting his father in the U.S. 
treasury dept., resumed the practice of law. In 
1817, while dep. of the atty.-gen. of Phila., he 
won a high reputation as" a criminal lawyer. 
Mayor of Phila. in 1828; dist.-atty. 1829-31, 
and, as U.S. senator in 1832-3, ably advocated 
the re-charter of the U.S. Bank, a protective 
tariff, and other important measures. Declin- 
ing a re-election in 18.33, he was atty.-gen. of 
Pa. in 1833-5; ambassador to Russia from 
1837 to Oct. 1839; viee.-pres. of the U.S. in 
184.5-9, and minister to Eng. in 1856-61. 
While vice-pres., his casting vote in the sen- 
ate made tlie Tariff Act of 1846 — a free-trada 
measure — the law of the land. As ndnisterto 
Eng., he was at once called upon to settle the 
Central-American question, and the recall of 
the British minister Crampton, both which 
matters were ami(;ably adjusted. During the 
Rebellion, he manifested publicly, on all suitable 
occasions, his abhorrence of it and its abettors. 
Hewas an ablestatesman and diplomatist, a suc- 
cessful and influential lawyer. Allibone gives 
a list of 30 of Dallas's speeches and other pam- 
phlets. His Letters from London in 1836-60 
have been edited and pub. by his dau. Julia. 

Dalling, Sir John, hart, of Burwod, Sur- 
rey, a British gen. ; d. 1798. Maj. 27th Foot, 
Feb. 2, 1757 ; served under Loudoun in 1757 ; 
at Louisburg, 1738, and com. a corps of light 
inf. under Wolfe at Quebec, in 1759; lieut.- 
col. 43d Foot in 1760, and com. it at the siege 
of Ilavanna, in 1762; app. in 1767 lieut.-gov. 
and a few years later, gov. of Jamaica ; maj.- 
gen. Aug. '29, 1777; lieut.-gen. Nov. 1782; 
hart. 1783. In 1780, he led an exped. against 
the Spanish Main. — O'CaUaghan. 

Dalton, John, D.D., R. C. bishop of Har- 
bor Grace, X.F., consec. 1856 ; d. May 5, 1869. 
Dalton, John C , physiologist, b." Chelms- 
ford, Ms., 2 Feb. 1825. H.U. 1844. M.p. 1847. 
His essay on the " Corpus Luteum,"&c., 1851, 
won the prize of the Amer. Md. Assoc. His 
treatise on " Human Physiology," 1839 (4th ed. 
1867), placed him at once in the first rank of 
Amer. physiologists. He has also pub. " Phy- 
siology and Hygiene, for Schools, Families, 
and Colleges," 1868. — 77ioni«s. 

Dalton, Tristam, senator, b. Newburv- 
port, Ms., .May 28, 1738; d. Boston, May 30, 
1817. H.U. 1755. He studied law; m. the 
dau. of Robert Hooper, with whom he engaged 
in mercantile pursuits, and took a deep interest 
in the cultivation of a large estate in W. New- 
bury, where Washington, John Adams, Louis 



244: 



Philippe, Talleyrand, and other disring. guests, 
partook of his hospitalities. A lea.liog Rerol. 
patriot of Eisex Co. ; he was speaker of the 
honse, and a member of the senate of >!■•., and 
U.S. senator in 1789-31. Investing his for- 
tune in resd estate in Washinpon, he lost nearly 
sli of it by the mismana$;ement of an a^nt, 
and was surveyor of the port of Boston from 
1 ?I5 till his death. Ho was remarkable for bis 
fine person, gentle and ele^ani manners, inift;- 
ritv. and sc.'iolarlv accomplishments. 

JDaly, Ch.«le3 p., LL.D. (Col. Coll. 
1560), jarist and scholar, b. of Irish parents 
XT. City, 31 Oct. 1S16. At first a saUor, 
afterward a mechanic's apprentice, and in 1S39 
adm. to the X.T. bar. Member of the le^isl. 
in 184-3: judge of the C.C.P. of X.Y. City 
sin -e 1S45, and fir^t jad;^e since IS.jT. Heh is 
pno. a " His:. Sketch of the Judicial TribanaU 
of-X T.. l6-23-l$*6," 8vo, 1S35 ; " .Memoir of 
1"-":- ''arKent/'paraphWtson Banking'. Xatn- 
•n Laws, the lotroluction of the Drama 
ic.; contribs.toAppletOTi'sCyclop.; has 
■^ . -.-rJ lectures on l«^.il subjects before the 
Ian- school of Cul. Coll., speeches a:iJ ad- 
dn.'S?es upon political, literary, and histo.'ical • 
snhjects; and is pres. of the Araer. Geog. and 
S;a-i.-t. Soc., and vice.-pres of the Eth:iul. Soc. 

Dainas (i!a'-mas'). Joseph Frascois 
Locis Chables dcc de, French gen., b. 175?; 
d. Paris. M.-irch 5, 1S29. As aide-de-camp to 
Bocbambean, he made the Amer. campai^s 
of 17Sl>-2; and, "Of all the officers," says 
Chastellnx, '" who fought for Amer. Indepen- 
dence, he was, perhaps, the only one in whom 
the spectiicle of a people breaking their fetters 
awakened no ideas of liberty." After his re- 
turn, he was made col. of dragoons, and was 
arrested at Varennes with Louis XVL, whose 
escape he was endeavoring to eSect- He emi- 
grated in 1792 ; fonghi in the royalist ranks in 
179-3, and accompanied Louis XVXIL toltalyas 
captain of the guards. He took an active part 
in su'tjsequeat royalist enterprises, and in 1S25 
he received the title of duke. — -Vour. Bloy. 

Danipier,WiLi.i.of, a celebrated n.irigator, 
b. East Coker, Somersetshire in 1652 ; d. ab. 
1712. He went to sea at an early age ; became 
over=eer of a |>lantation ; made ^everal voyages 
in a Jamaica coaster, and cul mahogany three 
years in the- Bay of Honduras, of which place he 
pub. a <lescription on returning to Lund, in 
1578. He was afterward a buccaneer, but 
qiiirreiltd with bis companions, and left them. 
Was in Va. in 16S2, anil joined Capt. Cook in 
a .it.um; a.-.iins: t^e Spaniards in Aug. 16S3. 
T- 'ill. ned the toivn of Plata, then advanced 
T ; . I5.iy of fan ima, near which they took a 
> ;-!i ^hip which was carrying despatches to 
Li:u.i; and, from tlie intelligence obtained, they 
c-onctrte>l an attack O'l the treasure-ships, which 
resulted unsuccessfa'dy. They next attacked 
Leon and Rio Leja on the Mexican coast, 
wh.n Uampier left IJavis, Cook's successor, and 
sai'.e'l with Capt. Swan across the Pacific for 
the Ea^t Indies. After visiting St John's Is- 
land, Xew Holland, and Xicobar, Dampier aban- 
doned his companions, journeyed to the Eng- 
lish factory at Achan, where he subsequently 



joined with Capuin Weldon in trading voy- 
ages daring 15 months, and then eui-aired a^ 
gunner at a &ctory at Bencooltrn. In 1691 , he 
ecaped the vigilance of the gov., and arrived 
at the Downs, Sept. 16, brini.'iiig with him all 
his papers and jonrnaN. Bting now in want 
of money, he sold his share in an Indian prince, 
whom his companions carried about for exhibi- 
tion. Capt. R. navv, 26 July, 1693. Hav- 
ing sailed in " Tlie Roebuck " on a voyage of 
discovery, in Jan 1699, his ship foundered at 
the Isle of Ascencion, where, with his crew, he 
remained firom Oct. 1700 until relieved, April, 
1701. He was employed, 170S-11, in prose- 
cuting a voyage to the South Seas under the 
patronage of British mercliants. This voyage 
ronnd the world has been fircqnently pub., and 
is an accnraic and valuable work. The Ik-si 
edition is that of 1729, 4 voU., Svo, Load. In 
1707, he pnb. a defence of his buccaneering on 
the Sjianisb >Liin. He al~o wrote a tr\»tiseon 
Wind< and Tides. 

Dana, Chaeles Andersos, joumali.-t, b. 
Hinsdale. X.H., Aug. 8, 1S19. He studied two 
years at H.U., but did not grad., owing to a 
disease of the eyes. He etliied the Har'uin^r, 
was a contrili. to the Bo<toii Chrono'iiite, was 
connected with the S.Y. Tribune in 1847-5?, 
and is now editor of the 5un. He edited " The 
Hou^holl B.Kik of Poetry," X.Y., Svo, 183?. 
and, in connection with Geo. Riplev. edited 
Appleton's Cycl. Ass. Sect. War, 1863-*. 

Dana, Djlsiel, D.D., Preso. cler_'yman, 
h. Ipswich, Ms., Jnlv 24, 1771 ; d. Nortburv- 
port, Ms., Anz. 26, 1859. Darrm. Coll. 1753. 
Son of Rev. Dr. Joseph. Settled pastor of the 
First Presb. Churdi, Xewburvport, Xov. 19, 
1794; pres. of Dartm. Coll. iii 1820-21 ; set- 
tled in Londonderry, X.H., Jan. 16, 1822; dis- 
missed Apr. 1826, and from Miy .31, 1826, to 
1845, he was senled over the Second Presb. 
Chiu-ch in Xewbur%7X)rt. Trustee of the And. 
Theol. Sem. from 1804 to 1856. He pnb. 21 
occasional sermons, besides discourses, essays, 
&c. — Alumni D C. 

Dana, EDMir}fD Tkowbbidge, J.UD. 
(Heidelixjrg, 1854), translator and editor of 
works on international and public law, and 
polit. economv, b. Cambridge, ils., 29 Aug. 
1818; d. there 13 Mav, 1869. Vt. U. 18-39; 
Caiub. Law School, 1841. . Son of R. H.Dana. 
Practised law ivith his bro. R. fl. jun., a few 
years in Boston, then studied at the German 
universities. 

Dana, Fba.tcis, LL.D. (H.U 1792),st.itcs- 
man and jurist, h. Charlestown, Ms., Jnnc 1-3, 
1743 ; d. Cambridge, .Ms., April 25, 1811. U 
U. 1762. Richard, his fath'-r, was an eminent 
magistrate and patriot. Francis studied laW 
with Judge Trowbridge ; was adm. tothcljurin 
1767 ; became an active Whig ; was a delegate 
to the Provincial Congress in Sept. 1774; piissctl 
the year 1775 in Ens. ; member of the exec, 
council from May, 1776, to 1780; delcatc to 
Congress in 1776-8 and in 1784; memlier of 
the board of war, Xov. 17, 1777, and chairman 
of the committee charged with the responsibil- 
ity of re-organ'izing the army ; accoinp. Mr. 
Adams to Paris in Nov. 1 779, as sec. of legation ; 
and from Dec 19, 1780, until 17S.3, was minis- 
ter to Russia. Prevented from attending the 



D^^JN" 



245 



convention for framing tin Federal Constiia- 
tion, of which he ivas a member, in 17S7, he 
strongly advocated its adopiioD in the conven- 
tion of Ms. He declined the embassy to 
France in 1797. Jadge of the Supreme Court 
of Ms. from Jan. 17S5, until 1792; chief-justice 
1792-1806. A founder of the Acad, of Arts 
and Sciences, and a vice-pres. of that body. 
Early in life, he m. a dau. of \Vm. EUery. His 
corre^p. while in Europe will be found in 
Sparks's " Diplom. Corre^p.," vol. viii. 

Dana, J.oies, D.D. (U. of Edinb), Con?, 
minister, b. Ms.. Mav 11, 1735; d. New Ha- 
ven. Ct., Aug. IS, 1812. H.U. 1753. Ord. 
at Wallingford, Ct., Oct. 12, 1758, in disregard 
of the " Saybrook Platform," and a long con- 
troversy ensued ; dism. 17SS. Minister of New 
Haven 'from Apr. i9, 1789, to the fall of 1805. 
He re^'arded the scheme of Edwards as acquit- 
ting the creature of blame, and impeaching the 
truth and justice of the Creator. He pub. 
anonymously an " Examination of Edwards on 
the Will," 8vo, Boston, 1770; a continuation 
of the same, with his name, in 1773 ; a century 
discourse, Apr. 9, 1770, and a number of ser- 
mons. Samuel W. Dana, U.S. senator, was 
his son. 

Dana, J.vsies Dwight, LL.D. ( Amh. Coll. 
1853), phv?icist, sou of James, b. Dtica, X.Y., 
Feb. 12, 1813. T. C. 1833. App. te;ichcr of 
mathematics in the U.S. navy, and sailed to 
the Mediterranean in " The Delaware." return- 
ing in 1835. In 1S35-6, he was assist, to Prof. 
Silliman at Y.C. ; from Aug. 1833 to 18+2, he 
«:ts mineralogist and geologist of \Yilkes's es- 
piormg e.icped., and for 13 years afrer was en- 
gaged in preparing for pub. the various reports 
iif this exped., and in other scientific labors. 
He returned to New Haven in 1844, m. Henri- 
etta Francis, dau. of Prof. Silliman, and has 
since resided in that city. In 1S55, he became 
Silliman prof, of nat. hist, and geology in 
Y.C, a post he still occupies, while editing the 
American Journal of Science, founded by Silli- 
man in 1819. He has also contrib. various 
important scientific papers to the Proceedings 
of the Am. Acad, of AJ-ts and Sciences in Bos- 
iMU. the Lyceum of Natural History of NY., 
and the Acad, of Natural Sciences of Phila. 
In 1854. he was elected pres. of the Am. Assoc, 
for the Advancement of Science, and is a mem- 
ber of many learned societies in Euroj>e. He 
pnb. "Mineralogy," 1837, 4th edition revised 
and enlarged, 1854 ; reports on " Zoophytes," 
1846, proposing a new classification, and de- 
scribing 230 new species ; on the " Geoiogy of 
the Pacific," 1849; on " Crustaceji." lS5'2-4, 
describing 658 new species; on " Coral Beets 
and Islands." Svo. Phila , 1853; ' Suppt. to 
System of Mineralogy," 1855-6 ; " Man- 
ual of Geology," 1862, and articles in the J«i- 
'r. Jour, of Srience. A series of 4 articles from 
his pen, entitled " Science and the Bible." 
tailed forth by Taylor Lewis's work on " The 
Six Days of Creation," appeared in the BiVi- 
dhfra Sncra in I S55-7. 

Dana, James Frj;EMAv. chemist, b. Am- 
herst, N.H.. Sept. 23. 1793 ; d. N.Y. Citv. Apr. 
14.1827. H.U. 1813. He was the son of Lu- 
ther Dana, a naval officer of the Revol. Stud- 
ied medicine in Boston ; spent 6 months in 



Lond., nnder the instruction of the celebrated 
chemist, Accura. and, on his return, was em- 
ployed to refit the laboratory of Harvard 
Coll., and settled in Cambridge as a phvsieian, 
holding al^ the office of assist, prof, of chem- 
istry. In 1817, he received the degree of 
M.D.; in the autumn of that year was app. lec- 
turer on chemistry in Dartm Coll., and in 1820 
prof, lecturing also on mineralogy and botanv. 
In 1826-7, he was prof, of chemistry in the 
N.Y. Coll. of Physicians and Surgeons. He 
pub. a small work on the mineralogy and geol- 
ogy of Boston and vicinity, in conjunction 
wich his bro. Dr. S. L. Dana," 181 8; " Epitome 
of Chemical Philosophy," 1825; "Report on 
a Singular Disease of Homed Cattle in Burton, 
N.H." He also contrib. many scientific pa- 
pers to the Journal of Science, the S.E. Jour- 
nal of Medicine, and the Annals of the Lyceum 
ofXatur.i! Hision/ofy. Y. In 1815 and 1816, 
he received Boylston prizes for dissertations. 

Dana, John W , gov. of -Me., 1 847-50, min- 
ister to Bolivia. 1854, sonoi Judah,b. Frveburg, 
Me.; d. near Rosario, S Amer., Dec. 22, 1867, 
of cholera. He was a Democ. politician. 

Dana, Jcdah, lawyer, b. Pomfret, Ct., 
April 25, 1772; d. Fryeburg, Me., Dec. 27, 
1845. Dartm. Coll. 1795. His mother Wiis a 
dan. of Gen. Putnam. He began to practise 
law at Fryeburg in 1798 ; was countv aitv. in 
1805-11 ; 'judge of proUite, 1805-22', and of 
the circuit of C. C. P. in 1811-23; member 
of the Me. Const. Conv. in 1S19, one of the 
com. by whom the insrr. was drafted ; a mem- 
ber of the exec, council in 18.34, and of the 
U. S. senate in 1836-7. — O. C. Alumni. 

Dana, Napoleon Jacksox I'EcrMSEH, 
maj.-gen. vols., b. Fort Snllivan, Eastport, Me., 
Apr. 10, 1822. West Point, 1842. Entering 
the 7th Inf., he served with distinction in Mex- 
ico ; was severely wounded at Ccrro Gordo, 
and brcv. capt. Resigning in 1855, he engaged 
in business in St. Paul until Oct. 1861, when 
he became col. 1st Minnesota Vols. On the 
2Ut, he participated in the a6Fair at Bail's 
BlutF. Made brig.-gen. Feb. 3, 1862, he served 
with the Potomac Army in ail the battles be- 
fore Richmond. At Antietam, he com. a bri- 
gade in Sedgwick's division of Sumner's corps, 
and was wounded. Maj.-gen. Nov. 29, 1862; 
in the operations with Army of the Gulf, and 
engaged at Fordoche Bayou, Sept. 1 86-3 ; at 
Brazos Santiago, Oct. 27; com. I3th armv 
corps, Dec.-Jan. 1864; com. dist. of Vicks- 
burg, Ang.-Oct. 1864; 16th army corps, and 
dist. of W. Tenn. .ind Vicksburg. Nov. 1864, 
and dept. of Mpi. Dec. '64. to 27 May. 1865. 

Dana, Richard, jurist, b. Cambridge, Ms., 
July 7, 1699; d. May 17, 1772. H. U. 1718. 
Grandson of Richard, who settled in Cambridge 
in 1640. After practisinir law at Marblchead 
and Charle>town, he removed to Boston, where 
he attained high rank in the profes.<ion. He 
was iirominent in the antc-Rcvol. muvemeni; 
oi'casionally presided over the Boston town- 
meetings, l-etween 1763 and 1772 ; reported the 
instrnctior.s to I'le tov ;i represeiit.'.iivet, Nov. 
20, 1767, and May 8, 1770; was one of the asso- 
ciated Sons of Liberty, and at their celebrated 
meeting of Dec. 17, 1769. administered to Sec. 
Oliver the oath of non-execution of the Stamp 



DAJsr 



246 



D^visr 



Act. His tlealli was consiilcrcd a fjreat loss to 
the patriot cause. He ni. tlic sister ol JudtfC 
Trowljridge, uiid was the father of Cliiet-Jus- 
tice Francis Dana. 

Dana, Uichaiid Hbnr v. poet aii^ essayist, 
b. Caim.rid-c, Ms., Nov. 15, 17s7.' He 'was 
ediieatu.l at H. U. mid at Newport. IM. ; stud- 
ied law witli liis lalhcr, Kmiieis Dana; was 
ndm. to the IJostmi liar in ISll, and soon after 
to ih It of Haltiinore, lint in ISli entered n|ion 
the pioli.-.s.>ion in liis native town, and heeanie 
a member of the leyisl. His lirst literary laib- 
lic appearance was as an m-ator on the 4tli of 
July, 1814, in which year he joined the club 
by whom the Nurtli American liecicic was ori- 
ginated, and for a time conducted. In 1818-19, 
lie was its nssoc. editor with Prof. E. T. Cintn- 
ninfj. Ill 1821-2, he pnli., in numbers, "The 
Idle Man." His lirst pieces in verse, " The 
Dying Haven," and " The Husband and 
Wife's Grave," appeared in tlie iV. J', lieriew 
in 1825. Ill 1827, he pub. "The Buccaneer, 
and other Poems," whicli was well received 
and highly commended. It was praised by 
Wilson ill BlarkworKl's Mw/ii^iiie, as " the most 
powerful and original of Ainer. poetical eoin- 
positions." In 183.'i.lic pub. an enlarged vol., 
including new poems and the papers of " The 
Idle Man," and in 1850, "Poems and Prose 
Writings," 2 vols., being a complete coll. of 
his writings, excepting a series of lectures on 
Shakspcare, delivered in Jioston, N. Y., and 
Phila,, 18;!9-40. 

Sana, Kichard Henry, Jan., advocate and 
writer, son of the preceding, b. Cambridge, Ms., 
Aug. 1, 1815. H. U. 18.i7. In 18:!4, he made 
the voyage described in his " Two Years be- 
fore the Mast," which details the sliip and 
shore life of a common sailor from ]iersonal 
ex]ierience. Adm. to the Boston bar in 1840. 
In 1841, he pub. "The Seaman's Friend," re- 
pub, ill Kng. as "The tscaman's Manual." 
Mr. Dana was engaged in the numerous trials 
for the rescue of the slave Shadrach in 185'J, 
and ill the ease of Anthony Huriisin 1854. He 
was a delegate to the Butf.ilo convention of 
1848; a speaker in the Repub. movement of 
185()-liO, and a memlier of the Ms. Const. 
Conv. of 185.3. In 1861-6, he was U. S. atty. 
for the di>t. of Ms. He has occasionally con- 
trib. to the N. A. Revieiv and to the Law Re- 
porter. In 1859, he pnh. a vol. of travel, "To 
Cuba and Back." He is the antlan' of many 
speeches and addresses on political and general 
topics. 

jDana, S.\muel, an eminent lawyer and ju- 
rist, son of Judge Samuel (H. U. 1755; min- 
ister of (iroton, 1761-75 ; b. Jan. 14, 1739 ; d. 
Apr. 2, 1798), b. Groton, Ms., June 26, 1767; 
d. Chirlestown, Ms., Nov. 20, 1835. Pics, of 
the Ms. senate; M. C. 1814-15; and chief-jus- 
tice of the Circuit C. C. P. He pub. an ora- 
tion delivered at Groton, July 4, 1807. — Sabine 
anil Allen. . 

Dana, Samukl Luther, M.D., LL.D., 
clieinisi, liro. of James F., and grandson of 
Rev. Samuel of Groton, b. Groton, Ms., July 
11, 1795; d. Lowell, Ms., Mar. 11, 1868. H.U. 
1813. Lieut. 1st U. S. Art., and served until 
the close of the War of 1812-15. He then stud- 
ied medicine; received the degree of JI.D. in 



1818; practised from 1819 to 1826 in Waltham, 
where he established a chemical laboratory tor 
the nianuf. of the oil of vitriol and bleaching- 
salts, and founded the "Newton Cliemiial Co ," 
of which he was the chemist till 1834. Subse- 
quently resident and consulting chemist to the 
Merrimack Manuf. Co. In connection with his 
bro., he pub. "The JUneralogy and Geology of 
Brjston and Vicinity," 1818. In 1833, while in 
Eng., he pub. a clear exposition of the chemical 
changes oirciirring in the manuf. of sulphuric 
acid. This was followed by a report to the city 
council of Lowell on the danger arising from 
the use of lead water-pipes. He made many 
experiments in agriinltiiral science ; |iub. " The 
Farmer's Xluek .Manual" in 1842; an "Es- 
say on Manures," 1S43, honored by the jirizc 
of the Ms. Agric. Society ; a translation of 
Tauquerelon Lead-Di.scases; and assisted in the 
agrie. and geol. reports of the State survey. 
He also contrib. several articles to the iV A. 
llevleiv and other periodicals. He contrib. to 
the improvement of the important art of print- 
ing cotton, beside bis discoveries in the art of 
bleaching it. 

Dana, Samuel Whittlesey, an eminent 
and leading Federalist, son of Rev. James, b. 
New Haven, Ct., Julv, 1757 ; d. Julv 21, 1830. 
Y. C. 177.5. M. C. 1796 to 1810 ;'U. S. sen- 
ator, 1810-21. Many years mayor of Middle- 
town, Ct. 

Dane, Nathan, LL.D., an eminent jurist 
and statesman, b Ipswich, Dec. 27, 1752 ; d. 
Beverly, Ms., Feb. 15, 1835. H.U. 1778. 
John, his ancestor, came from England, 
as early as 1638. and si'ttlcd in Ipswich. He 
practised law in Beverly, where he resided till 
his death ; was a member of the Ms. legisl. 
in 1782-5, and was an able and influential 
member of Congress in 1785-8; member of 
the Ms. senate in 1790, '94, '96-8 ; a commis- 
sioner to revise the laws of the State in 1795; 
in 1811, to revise and publish the charters 
w hich had been granted therein ; and again, in 
1812, to make a new publication of the statutes. 
In 1814, he was a member of the Hartford 
Convention, and in 1820 of that for ievi>in;j 
the State constitution, but, on account of deaf- 
ness, declined taking his seat. He was the 
framer of the celebrated ordnance, pas.scd by 
Congress in 1787, for the govt, of the territory 
nortii-wcst of the Ohio, — a code, by which the 
principles of free gt., to the cxclu.sion of slavery, 
were extended to that immense region. He in- 
corporated in this ordnance a proliibition 
against all laws impairing the obligation of 
contracts, which thecunvention that I'ormeil the 
Constitution of the U.S. a few months after- 
wards extended to all the Stales of the Union, 
by making it a part of that Constitution. His 
professional praeliee was laliorious and exten- 
sive; and bis irreai work. I'lititled " A General 
Abridgment and Di^'est ol Aiu'rican Law," in 
9 large vols, 8vo (1823-9), remains as a jiroof 
of his learning and industry. The Dane pro- 
fessorship of law, fuMiided liv his munificence 
at H. U., and the law hall for the use of tho 
students and professors of law, are enduring 
monuments of his desire to promote the inter- 
ests ot the legal profession and the welfare of 
the eommunity. 



DAJSr 



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D-AJt 



Danforth, Samuel, minister of Roxburv 
f'loiii S. |,t 24, l«.")i), to li|j il., Nov. 19, 1674"; 
1). iMaiiiliii-ham, SntTulk, Kn-., Sept. 1626 ; 
came ti> N.li. with Nicliuliis liis I'utlier, 16.34. 
H. U. 164.3. Tutor and fellow of H. U. 
Broilier of 'i'lios., pies, of Me. He pub. a 
iiiiniberof Almuiuics, an " Astionoiniial De- 
scription of the Comet of 1664," a heavenly 
body, the appearance of which he believed por- 
tentous, and the election sermon, 1670, enti- 
tled " A Uecii.'nition of New England's Krrand 
into the WildLMiiess," 

Danl'orth, S.vmuel, M.D., physieian, b. 
Crtnibridi;e, Ms., Au;;. 1740; d. Boston, Nov. 
16,1827.' li.U. 1758. Son of Judge Samuel, 
grandson of Uev. John of Dorchester. After 
studying medicine with Dr. Rand, he practised 
a year or two at Newport, and then settled in 
Boston, where his loyalty occasioned his being 
treated somewhat harshly after the evacuation 
of that city by the British. He practised with 
success until near 80 years uf age, and in- 
creased bis reputation by his chemical studies. 
In all diHicult medical cases, his opinion was 
relied on as the utmost effort of human skill. 
From 1735 to 1798, be was pres. of the Ms. 
Med. SiK-iciv. Miniliir of the Acad, of Arts 
and Sci.n.-i;. — J%,rJi,r. 

Danl'orth, Tiio.ii as, pres. of the district 
of Maine, b. Eng., 1622; d. Nov. 5, 1099. 
Son of Nicholas, who d. Cambridge, 1637. He 
had great influence in public affairs ; was an 
assist, from 1659 to 1678; dep. gov. in 1679; 
pres. and dept. gov. until the arrival of Andros 
in 1688. He wa.s also a judge of the Superior 
Court. In 1681, he, with Gookin, Cooke, and 
others, opposed the acts of trade, and assert- 
ed the chartered rights of his country. During 
the witilicraft troubles in 1692, he condctnned 
the |ir<iieedinj;s of the courts. 

Cauiel, Isaac, a soldierof tlic Rcvol. and 
of ilic War of 1812, b. Westchester Co., N.Y.; 
d. N.Y. City, 29 June, 1864, a. 109 years. 

Daniel« Jonx M., journalist, d. Richmond, 
Va., March ,30, 1865. Noted as a newspaper 
xvriier in Richmond. He was in 1854 app. by 
Pres. I'icrce, minister resident at the court of 
Sardinia, but became very unpopular, and in 
1858 resigned. Soon after, he became again 
connected with the Richmond press, and was 
noted for the violence of his language, and his 
readiness to resort to the ilmlln. He was a 
strenuous advocate for the hanging of John 
Brown in 1859; was a zealous secessionist; 
w.ts for a time on the stafli' of one of the Va. 
corps commanders, but .soon returned to Rich- 
mond, and edited the Examliur, in which he 
attacked Mr. Davis virulently. A Life of 
Stonewall Jackson, pub. in bis mtnte, was 
written by J. Esten Cook. A Memoir of 
Daniel, by bisbro. F. S. Daniel, was pub. 1868. 

Daniel, Josei-h J., jurist, b. Halifax Co., 
N.C.. ab. 178.1; d. Feb. 1848. Afier receiv- 
in;; a classical education, lie studied law, be- 
came an ornament to the bar; in 1807 was 
elected a member of the house; in 1816 was 
app. a juilgeof the Suyierior Court of Law and 
Equity, and, from 1822 to his d., was judge of 
the N.C Supreme Court. 

Daniel, Jdmcs, brig.-gen. C. S. A., b. 
N.C. 1828; killed near Spottsylvania, Va., 



May II, 1804. West Point, 1851. 1st lieut. 
3d "U.S. Inf, May, 1857 ; resigned, June, 1858, 
and was a planter at Shreveport, La,, 1858-61. 
Daniel, Pkter Vyvias, jurist, b. Stafforil 
Co., Va., 1785; d. Ricbmoml, Va., May 31, 
1S60. Nil. Coll. 1805. His father, Travcrs 
Daniel, was an extensive laud-proprietor and 
planter in Stafford Co,, Va., to which State 
Ills ancestor emigraieil in 1649, Adm. to the 
bar in 1808. In 1809-10, he was a nieuiber of 
the II. of delegates ; one of the privy coun.il 
from 1812 to 1835, being a portion of'tlie time 
cx-iffijio pres. of the council, and lient.-;;ov. ; 
"Pl'-ji'dge of the U.S Dist Court of Va. in 
18.36, and 3 Mar. 1841, judge of the U.S. Sn- 
prcme Court. He in. a daughter of Edinnml 
l!aiidol]]h, in whose office he studied law. He 
was a Deinoc. politician, and sustained the 
Dred Scott decision of Judge Taney. 

Daniel, W1LLIA.M, judge, b. Va., 1771 ; d. 

Lyuchliuig, Nov. 20, 1839. In 1798-9, he 
was a conspiciKius member of the State legisl., 
and, during the last 23 years of his life, was on 
the bench of the general and circuit courts of 
Va. 

Danielson, Ti.mothy, Revo), patriot, b. 
BriinlieM, Ms., 1733; d. there Sept. 19, 1791.' 
Y.C. 1756. He studied theology, but did not 
engage in the clerical piofcssi<in. In .Sept. 

1774, he w.is chairman of ilie Hampshire Co. 
convention ; a dcleg.ite to the I'rov. Congress 
at Concord, Oct. 1774, at Cambridge, Feb. 

1775, and at Watertown. May, 1775. In 
May, 1774, being then a representative, he was 
chosen to the council, but was negatived by 
Gov. Gage. Col. of a provincial regt. in 
May, 1775. His chief service, however, was 
in the legisl., of which he continued a member 
several years. Member of the State Const. 
Conv. in 1779, and afterward of the State 
senate and executive council; chief-justice of 
Hampshire Co. His widow in Gen. Eaton. 
Large and finely formed, he possessed great in- 
fluence. 

Daponte, see Pontk. 

Darby, William, statistician andgeogra- 
plur, b. I'a. 1775 ; d. Washington, D.C., Oct. 
9, 1854. An officer under Gen. Jackson in 
La., and one of the surveyors of the boundary 
between the U.S. and Canada. Author of 
"Gcog. Deserip. of La.," 8vo, 1810; "Plan 
of Pittsburg and Adjacent Country," 1817; 
"Emigrant's Guide to the Western Country," 
1818; "Tour from N.Y. to Detroit," I8i9; 
" Geog. an<l Hist, of Florida, with a maj)," 
1821 ; 3d ed. of "Brooke's Univ. Gazetteer," 
1823 ; " V'iew of the U.S.," 8vo, 1828 ; " Lec- 
tures on the Discovery of Amer," 1828 ; 
" Gcograjdiical Dictioharv," 8vo, 3d ed., 1843 ; 
" U.S. Gazctieer," 18.30 ("with Theo. Dwight), 
and " Miiemonica, a Register of Events to 
1829." 

Darden, Miles, noted for his irreat size, 
b, N.C. 179S; d Henderson Co, Tenn., Jan. 
23, 1857. He was 7 feet 6 inches high; and 
at his death his weii'lit was a little over 
l,Ono lbs. Until 1853, he was activeand lively, 
and able to labor; but Irom that time, was 
obliged to stay at home, or be hauled about in 
a 2-hor.se wagon. In 1850, it leqHired 13jyds. 
of cloth, one yard wide, to make him a cuac 



D-iVR 



248 



DAV 



His coffiii was 8 feet long, 35 inches deep, 32 
inclics across tlie breast, 18 across tlie head, 
iind 14 across the feet. 

Dare, Virrin-ia, the first child of English 
parents in the New World, h. ut Roanoke, Aug. 
1587. Grand-daughter of John Wlflte, gov. 
of the colony sent by Sir Walter Raleigh. 
White's dau. m. Mr. Dare, one of the assist- 
ants of the gov. ; and Virginia %yas b. ah. a 
niontli after the arrival of the c.Kped. 

Darke, William, gen., b. Phila. Co., Pa., 
1736; d. Jeircrson Co., Va., Nov. 26, 1801. 
In 1740, his parents moved to Va. lie was in 
Braddock's army at its defeat in 1755, and 
was made a capt. at the beginning of the Rcv- 
ol. war. He was made prisoner at the battle 
of Gcrniantown, and was col. com. of the 
Hampshire and Berkeley rcgts. at the capture 
of Cornwallis. He was often a member of 
ihe Va. legi>l., and, in the conveniion of I7S8, 
voted (or the Fciieral Constitution. Lieut.-col. 
of a regt. of " Levies " in 1791, he com. the 
left whig of St. Clair's army, at its defeat by 
the Miami Indians, Nov. 4, 1791. Ho made 
two gallant and successful charges with the 
liayonet in this fight, in the second of which, 
his youngest son, Capt. Joseph Darke, was 
killed, and he himself was woun<led, and nar- 
rowly escaped death. He was afterward a 
maj.-gen. of Va. militia. 

IJarley, Kllen Westray, actress, b. 
B.uh, Eng. ; d. Phila., Sept. 26, 1849. Made 
her first app. in Amor, at the Haymarket, 
Boston, Dec. 26, 1796, as Narcissa, in "lukle 
and Yarico;" in N.Y. in 179S, at the Park, 
as Joanna in "The Deserted Daughter." 

Darley, Felix O. C, artist, b. Phila., 
June 2.i, 1822. Placed by his parents in a 
mercantile establishment, he devoted his lei- 
sure to drawing, and, receiving from the pub- 
lisher of tlie Salniclai/ Museum a. handsome 
sum for a few designs, he applied himself 
wholly to that i)ursuit. For several years, he 
was employed by large publi.-hing-liouses in 
Phila., and soon acquired reputation. The 
series pub. in the " Library of Humorous 
American Works " was very popular in the 
Southern and Western States. In 1848, he 
removed to New York, where he illustrated 
" The Sketch Book," " Knickerbocker," &c. 
He had previously made a series>of designs in 
outline, from Judd's novel of "Margaret," 
which were ]>ub. in 1856. The committee of 
the American Art Union commissioned him 
to illustrate in similar style Irving's " Rip 
Van Winkle" and his " IjCgend of Sleepy 
Hollow," both of which are hi;;hly creditable 
productions. Offers were ni.ide to him to set- 
tle in London, which he declined. He has 
also been en^'aged in the preparation of vig- 
nettes for bank-notes, and in illustrating Coop- 
er's works ; has executed " The Massacre at 
Wyoming," and 4 other Revol. pieces of merit, 
and has eoiitrib. designs to Irving's " Life of 
Wasliiuglon," Dickens's and Sluis's novels. 
Another of his works is an illustration of the 
wedding-procession in Longfellow's poeui of 
'■ The Co;:rtsliip of Miles Stant'ish." For 
Prince Napoleon, when in N.Y.. he executed 
four drawings illustrative of American life, 
" The Unwilling Laborer," " Repose," " The 



Blacksmith's Shop," and " Emigrants attacked 
by the Indians." Among his pictures of the 
late civil war are " Giving Comfort to the 
Enemy " and " Dahlgron's Charge at Fred- 
ericksburg." He in. the dau. of Warren Col- 
burn, and resides at Clayraont, Del. — Tack- 
ennan. 

Darling, Notes, a disting. agriculturist, 
b. Woodbridge, Ct., 1782; d. New Haven, 
Sept. 17, 1S46. Y. C. 1801. Tutor there 1804- 
8. Engaged at one time in mercantile pur- 
suits in N.Y. City, he iifterward became espe- 
cially interested in horticulture, ami, also in in- 
vestigating the habits of insects injurious to 
vegetation, and wrote frequently on this sub- 
ject. He passed the latter portion of bis life 
in New Haven, of which city he was mayor, 
having served lon^ as Co. surveyor, and "was 
at the time of his death judge of the Co. 
court. 

Darlington, William, M.D. (U. of Pa. 
1804), LL.D. (Y.C. 1848), botanist and poli- 
tician, b. of Quaker p.irents in Birmiughara, 
Pa., Apr. 28, 1782 ; d West Chester, Pa , Apr. 
23, 1863. With only a eommoncoHiitry school 
education, he began" to study niedieiiie at the 
age of 18 ; studied languages and botany 2 
years, and then went to Calcutta as surgeon 
of a ship. His " Letters from Calcutta " were 
afterward pub. in the Anrilcclic Mw/aziiie. Re- 
turning in 1807, he m., and practised medicine 
for several years successfully at We»t Chester. 
He wrote in defence of the policy of Sir. 
Madison ; raised an armed corps on the break- 
ing-out of hostilities, and, after the sack of 
Washington in 1814, was chosen ni.ajor of a 
vol. regt., and was a Deinoe. M.(;. in 181.5-17 
and 1819-23. He founded at West Chester in 
1812 an academy, an atheiiseum, and a pros- 
perous society of natural history, of which he 
was pres. In 1813, he began adescriptivc cata- 
logue of plants growing around West Chester, 
pub. in 1826, with the title" Florida Cestrica," 
afterwards enlarged as the " Flora Cestrica," 
1837, and repub. in 1833, containing a com- 
plete description .and classification of every 
plant known in the coiintv. In 1843, he edited 
the corresp. of his friend. Dr. Win. Baldwin, 
and accomp. it with a memoir, entitling the 
work " ReliquifE Daldwiniana." In 185.3, the 
name of Darlhylonica Ciilifornia was given, in 
his honor, to a new and remarkable variety 
of pitcher-plant found in California. In 1847, 
he pub. " Agrie. Botany ; " " Mutual Influence 
of Habits and Disease," Svo, 1^04-6; " Agrie. 
Chemistry," 1847. In 1849, he coll. and pub. 
the corresp. of Humphrey Marshall ami John 
Bartram. His last work, pub. in the W. Ches- 
ter Villime RcmnI, was his " .Yo/te Cestriensrs." 
He was a memlier of some 40 learned societies 
in Am<riea and Kuro|)e. — Gen. Itey. xviii. 97. 

D'ArUSmont, see Weight. 

DaveiSS, Col. .Joseph Hamilton-, law- 
yer and soldier, b. Beilford Co., Va!, Mar. 4, 
1774; d Nov. 7, 1811. He was bred to the 
law, and was at the time of his death U.S. 
atty. for Ky A inaj. of Ivy. vol. dragoons 
under Gen. Harri-on at Tippecanoe, he w;is 
killed while leading his men to the charge. He 
pui). in 1807 'A View of the President's 
Conduct coueerniiig the Conspiracy of 1806." 



DA.V 



249 



DATV 



Davenport, Col. Abraham, Revol. pa- 
triot, b StiMilurJ. Ct., 1715; il. tliere Nov. 20, 
ITS'J. Y.C. 1732. Soil of Rev. John, minis- 
ti.r of ^iIalntol•cJ, 169+-1731. He was a man 
uf stern intci^ritv ami generous beiielicenee. 
In a time of scarcity, he sokl tlie product of 
liis farm to the poor at old prices. He was a 
jiiili^e of the C.CP. ; a member of the exec, 
council of Ct. ; 25 years in the State legisl. ; 
senator, 1706-84; and dnring the war was one 
of the State com. of safety. — Hist, iitaiiifonl. 

Davenport, Aduixgtos, judge, b. Aug. 
3. 1670; d Apr. 2, 1736. H.U. 1689. After 
visiting Eng., Spain, and the West Indies, he 
returned to Boston, and was register of deeds 
for SutJblk Co. He was afterward successively 
clerk of the II. of representatives, Su|Heino 
Court, and C.CP. ; member of the council; 
representative, 1711-13, and from 1715 to his 
death was judge of the Supreme Court. He 
was one of the Ibunders of Brattle-st. Church 
in 1698. 

Davenport, Addisgton, D.U., a Prot.- 
Epis. cler^vm.m of Boston, son of the preced- 
ing, b. Jlay 16, 1701 ; d. Sept. 8, 1740. H.U. 
1719. He was educated lor the law, but entered 
the ministry. From Apr. 15, 1730, to 1737, 
he was minister of St. Andrew's Church, Scit- 
uate ; was assist, minister of King's Chajjcl 
from Apr. 15, 1737, to Jlay 8, 1740, wlien he 
became rector of Trinity Church. On leaving 
Scituate, he gave his house and land to the 
Society for Propagating the Gosjiel in Foreign 
P.irts. Dec. 23, 1729, he m. Jane, dau. of 
Grove Hirst, a merchant of Boston. 

Davenport, Edward L , one of the best 
actors on the American stage, b. Boston, 1816. 
Made h'\i<le!i'it at the Lion Theatre, Providence, 
as Passion Will to Booth's Sir Giles Overreach. 
First appeared in N.Y. at the Bowery, under 
Hamblin's management; at Phila., at the 
Walnut, in 1838, as Count Montalban in the 
Honeymoon. Dec. 6, 1847, he opened at 
the Manchester Tlieatre, Eng., as Claude 
Melnolte, and supported Mrs. Mowatt. During 
Macready's farewell from the stage, he sup- 
ported him. He m. Fanny Vining. 

Davenport, Fkaxkli.v, of Woodbury, 
NJ., served in the Revol. war under Gen. 
Saml. Smith at Fort .Mi;Hin : was a U.S. 
senator in 1798-9; M.C. 1799 to 1801, and 
also a judge. 

Davenport, Hesry K., capt. U. S. N., 

1>. Ga., Dec. 10, 1820. Midshipm. Feb. 19, 
1838; lieut. Dec. 19,18.53; com. July 16, 
1862; capt. Mar. 14, 1868. Attached to sloop 
" Portsmouth " at the storming of the 6 forts, 
('anton River, China, Nov. 1850; to the sloop 
"Cumberland" at the ca|iture of Hatteras, 
Aug. IH61 ; in repulse of rebel steamer " James- 
town," in James River, Dec. 1861 ; com. 
steamer " Iletzel " at the capture of Newbern, 
and destruction of rebel fleet in those waters; 
defence of Fort Anderson, Neuso River, and 
repulse of Pcttigrcw's army. Mar. 14, 1863; 
defence of Newbern, and repulse of Hoke's 
army, May, 1804 ; com. flag-ship " Lancaster," 
Pacidc squad., 1864-6, and captured 7 pirates 
on board Amcr. steamer " Salvador " otf the 
Bay of Panama, Js'ov. 10, 1864, and received 
thanks of navy dept. — Haniersli/. 



Davenport, James, lawyer and M.C 
1796-9; son of Col. Abraham; b. Stamford, 
12 Oct. 1758; d. there 3 Aug. 1797. Y.C. 
1777. He was in the commissary dept. in the 
Revol. ; was a judge of the C.C.P., and a man 
of iiterm-y tastes and abilities. 

Davenport, Jons, a Puritan divine, one 
of the I'mnders of New Haven, b. Coventry, 
Eng., 1597; d. Boston, Mar. 15. 1670. At 
the age of 16, he entered Merton Coll., O.xford. 
After 2 yrs. rem. to Magdalen, where he re- 
ceived the degree of B.A., and subsequently 
that of B. D. He commenced preaching in 
Loud., where his purity and worth, his learning, 
and talent as a preacher, were greatly estcemeil. 
Ab. 1626, in connection with Drs. Sil)S and 
Gouge, the lord-mayor of London, and oth- 
ers, he devised a plan to purchase impropria- 
tions, with the profits of which a number of 
ministers should be maintained, who would 
assist in reforming abuses. But Archbishop 
Laud pi-ocured its coirdemnation, and the 
confiscation of the money to the king's use. 
At the close of 1633, Mr. Davenport was com- 
pelled, by the increasing persecution of non- 
conformists, to resign his pastoral office over 
St. Stephen's Church, Coleman St., and retire 
to Holland. After olBciating for a time as a 
privateinstructor, liereturnEd to Loud, in 1635. 
He had been concerned in the patent of the 
Ms. Colony, and determined to come over. 
June 26, 1637, he landed at Boston with Mr. 
Eaton and Mr. Hopkins, was received with 
great res]>ect, and invited to sit with the synod 
at Cambridge, to which his learning and wis- 
dom made him a valuable accession. March 
30, 1G3.8, he sailed with his company lor Quin- 
nipiack, or New Haven, to found a new colony. 
Heie, undor the branches of an oak, he 
preached Apr. 18, the first Sunday after their 
arrival, and ministered there near 30 years. 
June 4, 1639, holding their constituent assem- 
bly in a barn, the " Free Planters," resolved 
that church-members only should be burgesses ; 
and Davenport was chosen one of the "sevea 
pillars" to support the ordinance of civil govt. 
Two of the regicides, Goffe and Whalley, were 
concealed in his house ; and he instigated the 
people, by his preaching, to. protect them from 
the commissioners of ti.e king. With Cotton 
and Hooker, he was invited to join the West- 
minster Assembly; but his church was unwill- 
ing to part with him. He was ord. Dee. 9, 
1608, over the First Chuch, Boston ; but he sur- 
vived this change but a short time. He wrote 
sermons, several controversial pamphlets, " A 
Discourse about Civil Govt, in a New Planta- 
tion," " The Saint's Anchor-Hold in all Storms 
and Tempests," a Catechism contsiining the 
chief heads of the Christian religion, and other 
theol. tracts. 

Davenport, John, lawver, M.C, 1799- 
1817, b. Stamford, C:., 16 J.m. 1752; d there 
28 .\ov. 18.30. Y C 1770. Tutor there 1773. 
An active Kevol. patriot, and a maj. in the 
coinmis. dept. Son of Col. Abraham. — Hist. 
Sl'iiilfonl. 

Davenport, Col. William, b. Culpepper 
Co., Va., Oct. 12, 1769; d. Walnut Fountain, 
Caldwell Co., N.C, Aug. 19, 1859. Ho held 
at various times the otfices of justice of the 



ItATV 



250 



DA.V 



peace, Co. surveyor, legisliitor, &c., and cmi- 
tril). lart;ely to the erection of the female coll. 
of Lciriir, which benrs his inline. 

Davenport, Wili-iam, col. U.S.A., h. 
N. (', ; (I. I'hlhi., Apr. V2, 18.'>8. App. capt: 
IG Int., Sept. 2S, 1812 ; iiiaj. 6th Int., Dec. IB, 
1825; licnt.-col. 1st Inf., Apr. 4, 18.'i2; in bat- 
tle of Bad A.\e, under Gen. Atkinson; lircv. 
col. for meritorious service in Florida, July 7, 
I8:i8; ool. 6th Inf., June U, 1842; 1st inf., 
July, 1843; rcsi;,'ned, Jan. 31, IS.iO. He <lis- 
tin^'. liiniself at Chippewa and Brid;,'cwater 
in the War of 1812, also in the Black Hawk 
and KIcirida wars. — Gariliwr. 

David, John B., D.O., Horn. Cath. bishop 
of Louisville, Ky. Consec. 15 Aug. 1819; d. 
1841. 

Davidson, John Wynn, bri^.-scn. voU., 
b. Kairlax Co., Va., Au;,'. 18, 1824. West 
I'oini, 18+.'). Entering the 1st draj^oons, he 
accompanied Gen. Kearney, in 1846, to Cal., 
in com. of u howitzer battery. Was in the 
battles of San Pasqnal, Dee. 6,'l840 ; San Ber- 
nardo, Dec. 7; San Gabriel, Jan. 8, 1847; 
Plains of Mesa, Jan. 9, 1847; Clear Lake, 
Cal., May 17, 18.")", and at llussian Kiver, 
Juno 17, 18.')0, under Cajjt. Nath. I^yon. He 
fought the battle of Cieni;j;uilla, N. Mexico, 
Mar. .10, 1854, ajjainst the Apache and Utah 
Iiulians, losiuj; 3-4 of his command, and beinij 
himself wounded. Capt. 20 Jan. 1855; maj. 
2d Cav. Nov. 14, 1861 ; brl^.-gen. vols. Feb. 3, 
1862 ; com. a brigade in Smith's division in 
the Potomac Army. He served at the battles 
of Lee's Mills, Apr. 5, 1862; Mechanicsville, 
May 24 ; Golding's farm, June 28, and White- 
oak Swamp, June 30. Early in Aug. he was 
transferred to the dept. of the Mpi., and put 
in com. of the S. E. dist. of Mo. He coope- 
ratcd with (ien. Steele in his exped. against 
Little Hock, meeting the rebel cavalry at 
Bayou Metre; was in the actions of Ash- 
ley's Mills, Ark., and Little Rock, 10 Sept. 
1863; com. eav. e.xped. from Baton Itouge to 
Pascagoula, 24 Nov. 1864; brev. brig.-gen. 
U.S.A., 13 Mar. 1865, for capt. of Little Uock ; 
maj. -gen. lor merit, services in the Uebelliou ; 
lient.-col. lOth Cav. 1 Dec. 1866.— Culbim. 

Davidson, Luckktia Maria, a remarka- 
ble instance of early genius, b. Plattshu'g, 
N.Y., Sept. 27, 1808; d. Aug. 27, 1825. 
When but four years old, a nnmlier of her lit- 
tle books were found to be lilleil with rude 
drawings, accompanied with ex|)lanatory verses 
written in characters of the printed alphabet. 
From au early age, every leisure moment was 
devoted to rca<ling. The earliest of her pro- 
ductions wRicli are preserved were written 
when she was 9 years old. So early, ardent, 
and so fatal a pursuit of intellectual improve- 
ment is unparalleled, except in the cases of 
Chatterton and Kirkc White. In Oct. 1824, 
a gentleman who knew her intense desire for 
eilncatiun placed her at a female seminary, 
where her incessant a|iplieation soon destroyed 
her constitution, previously debilitated by dis- 
ease; and she d. before completing her 17th 
year. A biog. sketch, with a coll. of her po- 
ems, was pub. by S. F. B. Mor.sc, in 1829, en- 
titli«l " Amir Khan and other Poems, the lie- 
mains of L. M. Davidson." Although a great 



part of her compositions were destroyed, 279 
remain. — See Life, ly CatUarine M. iedawick, 
1843. 

Davidson, MAnoAuiiT Mih,er, poete9.s, 
sister of L. M., b. Mar. 26, 1823 ; d. Nov. 25, 
1 837. Sharing her sister's precocity, she began 
to write at 6 years of age. At 10, she wrote and 
acted in a passionate drama in society at N.Y., 
and, notwithstanding the warning of her sister's 
fate, her intellectual activity was not restrained. 
Margaret's poetns were issued under the au- 
spices of Washington Irving ; and the works 
of both sisters were |iub. together in 18.')0. A 
vol. of Selections from the Writings of Mrs. 
Margaret .M. Davidson, the mother, with a 
preface bv Miss C. M. Seilgwiek, appeared in 
1843. Lieut. L. P. Daviilsou, U.S.A., the bro. 
of Margaret and Lucretia, who also d. young, 
wrote verses with elegance anil ease. 

Davidson, Gkn-. Wh.lia.m, Revol. officer, 
b. Lancaster Co., Pa., 1740 ; killcil at the bat- 
tle of Cow.m's Ford, N C, Fel). 1, 1781. In 
1750, he removed with his family to Uowan 
Co., N.C., and was educatcil at Charlotte Acail. 
App. a major in 1776, he served under Wash- 
ington, until in Nov. 1779, detached to re-en- 
force the army of Gen. Lincoln, at which time 
he com. his rcgt. with the rank of lieut.col. 
Visiting his family on the way, he was saved 
from captivity, as the investiture of Charleston 
prevented him from rejoining his regiment. 
In an engagement at the head of some militia, 
with a party of loyalists, near Calson's Mill, he 
was severely wounded ; but, having been a|ip. 
brig.-gen. by the State of N.C., took the field 8 
weeks after, and exerted himself to interrupt 
the i)rogress of Cornwallis. Detached by 
Greene, on the last day of Jan. 1781, to guard 
the very ford seleeteil by Cornwallis for his 
passage of the Catawba, IJavidson posted him- 
self there at night at the head of 300 men, and 
was killed on the following day. Congress 
decreed him a monument. — Ilo^/crs. 

Davie, William Hichahusos, lawyer, 
statesman, and soldier, b. Egretnont, near White 
Haven, Eng., June 20, 1756 ; d. Camden, S.C., 
Nov. 8, 1820. N.J. Coll. 1776. His father 
brought him to S.C. soon after the peace of 
17C3, and, returning to Eng., confided him to 
the care of Uev. Wm. Richardson, his maternal 
uncle, wlio educated and adopteil him as his 
son and heir. He commenceil the study of law 
at Salisbury ; but, soon obtaining a lieutenancy 
in a troop of dragoons, he siucceded to the 
com., annexed it to the legion of Pulaski in 
1779, and was promoted by Gen. Liueuln to 
bo brigade-major. He fought at Stono, where 
he was severely wounded, at Hanging Rock, 
and Rocky Mount. Taking the lield with a 
legionary corps, and rank of maj , after expend- 
ing the last shilling of the estate beciueathed 
to him by his uncle, in its equipment, ho 
was aetively engaged in protecting the country 
between Charlotte and Camden from the 
enemy's predatory excursions. When Corn- 
wallis entered Charlotte, N.C., Col. Davie 
severely handled Tarleton's legion, killing a large 
number, and wounding its comtnander, .Maj. 
Hanger, withdrawing his own force without 
loss. His efficiency in saving ilio remnant of 
the army after its overthrow at Camden, as 



DA-V 



251 



well US bis other services, prociireil f'oi- liim tlie 
rank of col. com. of tlio cavalry of tlio State. 
Gen. Greene, on taking com. of the Souiliern 
tlcpt., gave him the post of coinmis-., in which 
his zeal, talents, influence, and local knowleii^'C 
contrib. K'eally to the snccessful operations 
wliieb followed. After the war, he settled, at 
Halifax, on the Roanoke, in the practice of 
law, and soon rose to >>;reat eminence. lie was 
possessed of great sagacity, knowledge, and 
elociuenee ; was many years a member of the 
Stale K'gisl. In 1787, "he was a dele;;ate to the 
convention which framed the Federal Cmntilu- 
tion; but the illness of his family called him 
home belore its labors were terminated, and liis 
name does nut appear on that insirument. In 
the convention of N.C, he was its most able 
champion. To him the U. of N.C is nmiiily 
indebted for its establishment and snjiport. 
App. a major-gcn. of the State militia ; in 1709, 
he was gov. of the State, but was soon after 
sent by I'rcs. Adams with Kllswonh and Mur- 
ray on a niis.-ion to France. Soon after his 
return, he withdrew from public life to his 
farm at Tivoli, on the Catawba Uiver, S.C. 
App a inaj -gen. by the govt, in M:ir. 1813, he 
declined on account of bodily infirmities occa- 
sioned by bis wounds in ilie'lJevol. He was a 
man of eonimanding appearance, affable, hos- 
pitable, and delightful as a companion. — Hee 
:i)uirh's Am>r. IJlu<i., vol xv., 2d series. 

Davies, Cihui-ks, LL.O. (Gen. Coll. 
1840), Miaibemaiician, b. Washington, Ct., 22 
Jan. 17U8. West Point, 1815. Emig. to St. 
Lawrenee Co., N.Y. He worked on a farm till 
he entered West Point in 1814. Prof at West 
Point from Dec. 1816 to Mav, 18.'i7 ; at Trinity 
Coll. in lS:in-41, and in the'N.Y. U. in 1848-9, 
when he withdrew to his residence at Fishkill 
Landing, N.Y., and com|ileted his series of 
text-books. Ho afterward resumed his profes- 
sional duties, first in the Normal School at 
Albany, ami in Columb. Coll. in 18.'J7-6.T. His 
worksnrc characterized by great persp'cnity, 
anil cio.se logical arrangement. They consist 
of a series of arithmetics, algebras, ami geome- 
tries, "Flements of Surveying," " Sinides, 
Shadows, and Perspective," '"' Ditl'crcntial and 
Inti'gral ( 'ah-iilus," "Grammar of .Vriilinictic," 
•■ Practical M.ithematies," " Logic of .Mathe- 
maiics," and ■' Mathennuical Dictionary " (with 
G. W. Peck). Prof. Davies was a paymaster 
in the army in 1841-.5. 

Davies, S.v.muel, D.D., divine and scholar, 
b. .Newcastle Co., Del., Nov. S, 172.3; d. 
Princct.iii, N..J., Feb. 4, 17fil. He was care- 
fully and rcli;.'iously edncateil at home by 
David his father, a pious Welsh planter ; 
studied at Mr. Blair's school at Fogg's Manor. 
Was licensed to preach, July 30, 1746; ord. 
Feb. 19, 1747, and officiated at diHi;rent ])lace9 
in Hanover (^o., Va., where dissenters from the 
cstablisbcd F.pi>copal Churc'h of Va. were oh- 
noxiiiu- I.) Ilic civil authorities. The success 
of bis labors led to a controversy between him 
and the king's aity-gen., as to whether the net 
of toleration whicii had been passed in I'.ng. for 
therelief of Protestant dissenters cxt.iidcd also 
to Va , — a ([uestion ultimately decided in the 
atfirmaiive. .Sent with Gilbert Tenni^nt to 
Eng. in 17J3 to solicit funds for the Coll. of 



N..I., he preached with acceptance there and 
in Scotland, and succeeded in the object of his 
mission. On his return in Feb. 1755, he re- 
sumed his pastoral labors, and, after Braddock's 
defeat, preached a sermon whicli was pub., in a 
note to which occurs the prophetic passage- 
" That heroic youth. Col. Washington, whom 
I cannot but hope Providence has hitherto pre- 
served in so signal a manner for some impor- 
tant service to his country." The First Va. 
presbytery was established through his efforts 
in 1755, and July 26, 1759, he succeeded Jona- 
than Edwards as i)rcs. of the N.J. Coll. A 
coll. of his sermons was pub. Lond., 1767, in 5 
vols., and passed through several editions in 
Great Britain and Amer. The edition of his 
sermons pub. N.Y., 1851,3 vols., 8vo, contains 
an essay on the Life and Times of Davies, by 
Rev, Albert Barnes. He was an eloquent 
preacher ; and bis sermons are highly esteemed 
for elegance of style, as well as their masterly 
treatment of important subjects. He also 
wrote verses of considerable merit, among them 
an elegy on his old preceptor, Samnel Blair. 
His son Col. William left N.J. Coll. in 1775, 
became an otHcer in the army, and enjoyed the 
esteem of Washington. He was app. a sub- 
inspector under Steuben, in April, 1778, and 
was the most efficient of his assistants. He 
was afterward in the auditor's office, Richmond, 
and removed to Sussex Co., where he died. 

Davies, Tucmas Alfhed, brig.-gen. vols., 
b St. Lawrence Co., N.Y., Dec. 1809. West 
Point, 1829. Entering the 1st Inf., he resigned 
in 1831 ; followed mercantile pursuits and civil 
engineering in N.Y. City, where, in 1840-41, 
he was engaged on the Croton Aqueduct. In 
May, 1861, he became col. 16th N.Y. vols. lu 
thetirst battle of Bull Run, he was acting brig., 
com. the left wing of the army, ami, for his gal- 
lantry on that occasion, was made brig.-gen. 
March 7, 1862. Joining the army of the West, 
under (Jen. Ilalleck, he com. the 2d division in 
the movement against Corinth, and took part 
in the battle of Oct. 3-4, 1862 ; com. the dis- 
trict of Holla, Mo., Mar. 1863 to Mar. 1864, 
and of N. Ivans. 1864-5. He is the author of 
" Answer to Hugh Miller and Theoretical 
GcmIo-Iscs,"" Cosmogony," 8vo, 1858. 

Davila y Padilla (ila'-ve-liie pii-del'-ya), 
AuGUsTix, became bi.-hop of St Domingo ; d. 
1604. Author of " History of the Province of 
Santiago de Mexico," 1596. 

Davis, Anduew Jackson, clairvoyant, b. 
Bloinning Grove, Orange Co., N.Y., Aug. 11, 
1826. His parents were extremely poor, and 
his ycnith was passed in various labors, with 
but little schooling. Early in 1843, Mr. Win. 
Levingston of Poughkeepsie, by mesmerism, 
develo])ed in him extraordinary clairvoyant 
])owers. He discoursed learnedly on medical, 
jisyebological, and scientific subjects, and suc- 
cessfully treated diseases. March 7, 1844, dur- 
ing a trance of 16 hours, he conversed, as ho 
asserts, with invisible beings, and received inti- 
nnitions and instructions concerning the posi- 
tion he was subsequently to occupy as a teacher 
from the interior stale. In Nov. 1845, he dic- 
tated to Hev. VVm. Fishbough, at New York, 
while clairvoyant, his first and most consider- 
able work, "" The Principles of Nature, her 



TDASV 



252 



r>Av 



Divine Relations, and a Voice to Mankind," 
8vo, 800 pp. This hook presents a wide range 
of siilijocts, and repudiates any special author- 
ity in the teachings of the Bil)le. He has pub. 
several other works under the same influence, 
— the " Great llarnionia," 4 vols. ; the " Ap- 
proaching Crisis ; " the " Penetralia," 1 856 ; the 
" Present Age," and " Inner Life," " Review of 
Dr. Buslinell on Supernaturalism ; " " Philoso- 
pliyof Spiritual Intercourse," Svo; " Philosophy 
of Special Providences ; " " Free Thoughts con- 
cerning Religion," 8vo, 1854; "Harmonial 
Man," Svo. He is more successful as a writer 
than as a lecturer, and has been principally in- 
strumental in inaugurating the raoilern move- 
ment known as "Spiritualism" — See the 
Maqlr. Skiff] an Aulobior;. of A. J. Diivin, 1857. 

Davisj AsAHEL, h. Ms., 1791. Pub." An- 
cient America, and Researches of the East," 
30th thousand, 18.i4, and lecture on "The 
Discov. of Amer. by the Northmen," 1840. 

Davis, CnARLE.s Aug., a shipping-mer- 
chant of N.Y., and a political writer, b. 
1795 ; d. i7 Jan. 1867. Well versed in finan- 
cial and commercial affairs : he was also a bril- 
liant and genial writer npon those topics. 
Author of the " Peter Scriber Letters " in the 
Commercial Advertiser, and " Major Jack Down- 
ing's Letters " in the same paper, detailing his 
interviews with Gen. Jackson, and the plans 
for overthrowing the U.S Bank. 

Davis, Charles Henry, LL.D. (H.U. 
1868), mathematician, rcar-adm. U. S. N , b. 
Boston, Ms., Jan. 16, 1807. Son of Daniel, 
U.S. solicitor-gcu. for Ms. H.U. 1825. Mid- 
shipni. Aug. 12, 1823; lieut. Mar. 3, 1834; 
com. June 12, 1854; capt. 15 Nov. 1861; 
commo. July 16, 1862 ; chief of bureau of navi- 
gation, Jttly 17, 1862 ; rear-adm. Feb. 7, 1863. 
From 1814' to 1849, he was engaged in the U.S. 
coast-survey. In 1846-9, while surveying the 
waters about Nantucket, lie discovered the New 
South Shoal, and several smaller shoals di- 
rectly in the track of ships sailing between 
N.Y. and Europe, and of coasting-vessels from 
Boston. He was subsequently engaged in ex- 
amining the state of the harbors of Boston, 
N.Y., Charleston, &c. These investigations led 
hira to the study of the laws of tidal action. 
See his " Memoir upon the Geological Action 
of the Tidal and other Currents of the Ocean " 
(.Memoirs of the Am. Acad., new series, vol. 
iv), and "The Law of Deposit of the Flood 
Tide" (Smiths. Contrihs. vol. iii.). He founded 
the " Amer. Nautical Almanac," superintend- 
ing it from 1849 to 1856, when he was ordered 
to naval service in the Pacific in com. of the 
sloop of war " St. Mary's." He was fleet-cajit. 
in Dupont's e.\ped. against Port Royal, and 
second in com., and was assigned to the Mpi. 
flotilla. May 9, 1862, he was app. flag-ofticer 
of the flotilla, and on the Uth repulsed an at- 
tack by tlie rebel fleet. June 8, he attacked 
ihe rebel fleet 0|)posite Memphis, capturing or 
destroying all but one vessel. The surrender 
of Metni)his immediately followed. He then 
joine<l Adm. Farragut, and was engaged in the 
various operations ab. Vickshurg. With Gen. 
Curtis, he operated up the Yazoo in Aug. 1862, 
with complete success. Supt. Naval Obser- 
vatory, Washington, 1865-7 ; com. S. Atlantic 



squad., 1867-9. Author of an English trans 
lation of Gauss's " Theoria Motus Corjioruin 
Cielestiiim," Boston, 1858, and of some shorter 
translations and articles on mathematical as- 
tronomy and geodesy. 

Davis, Daniel, soldier, killed Sept. 17, 
1814, in the sorlie from Fort Erie. Ajjp. lieut.- 
col. comg. N.Y. vols., June 29, 1812; brig.- 
gen. 1814. 

Davis, Daniel, lawver, b. Barnstable, 
Ms., May 8, 1762; d. Cambridge, Oct. 27, 

1835. He settled in Falmouth, now Portland, 
Me., in 1 782 ; was successful at the bar ; was 
6 years in the house, and 6 years in the senate, 
of Ms., where he was disting. as a debater ; 
U.S. atty. for Me., 1796-1801 ; solicitor.-gen. 
of Ms., 1800-32. He removed to Boston in 
1804, and in 18.32 to Cambridge. Admiral 
Charles H. Davis is his son. Author of 
" Criminal Justice," Svo, 2d ed. 1828 ; " Pre- 
cedents of Indictments," 8vo, 1831. — Willis's 
Lau'i/ers of Maine, 

IJavis, David, jurist, b. Cecil Co., Md., 
Mar. 9, 1815. Ken. Coll. 1832. Studied law 
in Ms. and N. Haven ; in 1835, adm. to the bar, 
and settled in Bloomington, III. ; member State 
legisl. 1844; of the State Const. Conv., 1847 ; 
judge of the 8th jud. circuit, 1848-62 ; app. 
judge U S. Supreme Court, Dec. 8, 1862. F"or 
many years, the intimate h-iend of Abraham 
Lincoln, and delegate to the Chicago conven- 
tion, which in 1860 nominated him for pres- 
ident. 

Davis, Edwin Hamilton, M.D. (Cin. 
Coll. 1837), physician and archEBologist, b. 
Ross Co., O., Jan. 22, 1811. Ken. Coll. 1833. 
He explored the mounds of the Scioto Valley, 
and read a paper on that subject before the 
Philom.athesiau Society, subsequently enlarged 
and delivered at the coll. commencement of 
1833. The suggestions of Daniel Webster, 
then making a tour in the West, stimulated 
him to continue these researches; and the re- 
sults of 1 5 years' diligent study and exploration 
are embodied in " The Monuments of the Jlis- 
sissippi Valley," vol. i. of the " Smithsonian 
Contributions to Knowledge." He practised his 
prof, in Chillicothe until 18.50, when, on the 
establishment of the N Y. Med. Coll., he was 
called to the chair of materia meilica and 
therapeutics, which he still holds. He has 
been a contrib. to scientifieandmedical journals, 
besides being for a time one of the conductors 
of the American Medical Montlili/. In the spring 
of 1854, he delivered a course of lectures on 
aieha:ology before the Lowell Institute, Boston. 
Author of " Report on the Statistics of Cal- 
culous Diseases in Ohio," 8vo, 1850. 

Davis, E.MEKSON, D.D. (H.U. 1847), 
Cong, clergvman ami author, b. Ware, Ms., 
July 15, 1798 ; d. Wesifield, Ms., June 8, 1866. 
Wnis. Coll. 1821. He was prcccyjior of the 
Westfield acad. one year ; tutcir in the coll. one 
year; resumed his prcccptorship, and June 1, 

1836, was settled over the First Church in 
Westfield. He was active in the cause of edu- 
cation ; was vice-prcs. of Wms. Coll. IS61-8. 
In 1852, he pub. " The Hall-Century," a work 
of great research, reprinted in Great Britain; 
"The Teacher Taught," Bost., 18,39; "Hist. 
Sketch of Westfield," 1826. He also pub 



253 



TfATV 



sermon'. ailJiesses, and essays. Tie left 5 MS. 
vols, of biojrraphies of Trinit. Cong, clergy- 
men, now in the Cong. Library, Boston. 

Davis, Garret, lawyer and senator, b. 
Mount Stirling, Ky., Sept 10, ISOl. He re- 
ceived .1 classical education ; was employed as 
a writer in the County and Circuit Courts of 
his dist. ; was adm. to the bar in 1823, and at- 
tained distinction and a lucrative practice. 
Member of the Slate Icgisl. in 18.33-6 ; of the 
State Const. Conv. in 1839; M.C. 1839-47; 
and a Dcjnoc. U.S. senator since 1861. He 
Wiis an iniimate personal and political friend of 
Henry Clay, was a leader in the Whig party, 
and was very active in preventing the secession 
of hisStateln 1861. 

Davis, Hen-rt, D.D. (Un. Coll. 1810), an 
eminent Tresb. divine, b. East Hampton, N.Y., 
Sept. l.i, 1771 ; d. Clinton, N.Y., March 8, 
18.")2. Y. C. 1796. His ancestors were from 
Kidderminster, Eng. He was tutor at Wms. 
and at Yale Colls 7 years, studied theology, 
and soon became known as a preacher of great 
ability and eloquence. Prof, of Greek at Un. 
Coll., from 1806 to 1809 ; pres.of Middl. Coll., 
Vt., Ironi Doe. 1S09 to July, 1817, when he be- 
came pres. of Ham. Coll., N.Y"., which office 
he resigned in April, 1833. Dr. Davis was 
active in establishing the Theol. Sem. at Au- 
burn, X.Y., and in behalf of foreign missions. 
He pub. an inaugural oration at Middlebury, 
Feb. 21, 1810, a number of sermons and ad- 
dresses, and a narrative of the embarrassments 
and decline of Ham. Coll., April, 1333.— 
Sprafjiie. 

Davis, Hexrt Winter, LL.D., states- 
man, li. Annapolis, Md., Aug. 16, 1817; d. 
Baltimore, Dec. 30, 1865. Ken. Coll. 1837. 
Son of an Episc. clergyman, and prof, in St. 
John's Coll., Annapolis; studied law; was adm. 
to the bar at Alexandria, Va., and rapidly rose 
to distinction. Removing to Baltimore in 
1850, he attained celebrity by his defence of 
Dr. Johns in the Episc. convention, against 
the accusation of Bishop Whittingham. M.C. 
in 1858-61 and 1863-5, servingon the commit- 
tee of ways .and means. In 1859, he voted for 
Pennington, the Repub. candidate for speaker, 
drawing clown upon himself a storm of abuse. 
Though representing a border slave-State dur- 
ing the Rebellion, he was consjiicuous in Con- 
gress for his uncompromising radicalism, his 
early advocacy of emancipation, and of arming 
the negroes. He made a, great speech in the 
summer of 1855, at Chicago, in favor of negro 
futfr.ige. In the 38th Congress, he served with 
disting. ability as chairman of the com. of 
foreign affairs. He pub. in 1852 " The War 
of Orm'Tzd and Ahriiuan in the 19th Centu- 
ry." F -b. 22, 1866, a eulogy was pronoimccd 
upon him by Senator Creswell, by order of 
the house. His speeches were pub. by Cress- 
well, 8vo, 1 867. 

Davis, Jefferson, soldier and statesman, 
b. Christian Co., Kv , 3 June, 1803. Hcstud- 
ieil at Transylv.Col'l., grad. West Point, 1828 ; 
served as a lieut. of inf. in the Black Hawk 
war, 1831-2; 1st lieut. of dragoons against 
the Pawnees and other Indian tribes in 1833- 
5 ; resigned, and became a cotton-planter in 
Mpi. A Democ. M. C. iu 18-45-6, and eon- 



spicnous in the discussions on the tariff, Ore- 
gon, and the Mexican war ; col. of the Mpi 
KiHcs, and prominent at Monterey and Buena 
Vista, and highly commended by Gen. Taylor 
in bis official despatch ; U.S. senator in 1847- 
51, and in 1857-Jan. 1861 ; candidate for 
gov. of Mpi. in 1851, defeated by H. S. Foote, 
Union candidate; sec. of war in Mr. Pierce's 
cabinet, 1853-7; prominent in the secession 
movement of 1860-1 ; chosen pres. of the 
provisional govt., formed by the secessionists, 
4 Feb. 1861 ; elec. pros, for 6 years of the Con- 
federate States, in Nov. I'<61, and inaiig. 22 
Feb. 1862; taken prisoner at Irwinville in 
Southern Ga., 10 May, 1865 ; confined 2 years 
in Fortress Monroe, and then released on bail ; 
included iu the gen. amnesty of 25 Dec. 1868. 
He m. a dan. of Pres. Taylor. Iu the senate, 
he was a prominent advocate of slavery, of 
State rights, and of a southern route for the 
Pacilic Railroad, and a conspicuous opponent 
of the French Spoliation Bill. Asscc. of war, 
he was popular with the army. Among his 
measures were the revision of the army regula- 
tions, the introduction of the light infantry or 
rifle-system of tactics, the manuf. of rifled 
arms, the increase of the army, and scientific 
explorations of the West for determining the 
best route for the Pacific Railroad. As a speak- 
er, he is fluent, earnest, vigorous, and terse. 

Davis, jEFFEiiSON C. brev. maj.-gen. 
U. S. A., b. Clarke Co., Ind., March 2, 1828. 
His ancestors were noted in the Indian wars of 
Ky. ; William his grandfather having been in 
the battle at River Raisin. Leaving the Clarke 
Co. Sem. on the breaking-out of the Mexican 
war, he joined Col. J. H. Lane's regt., partici- 
pated in the battle of Buena Vista and in the 
entire Mexican campaign, and, for gallant con- 
duct, was made 2d lieut. 1st U.S. Art., June 17, 
1848; became 1st lieut. in 1852; took charge 
of the first garrison placed in Fort Sumter in 
Aug. 1858, and was there during the bombard- 
ment in April, 1861 ; capt. May 14, 1861 ; col. 
22d Ind. vols. He was given a brigade by 
Gen. Fremont, with whom he served in Mo. 
He also com. a brigade under Gens. Hunter 
and Pope. For his conduct at Milford, in 
Central Mo., where he captured a superior 
force with a large quantity of military supplies, 
he was made brig.-gen. Dec. 18, 18G1, and at 
the battle of Pea Ridge com. one of the four 
divisions of Gen. Curtis's army. His division 
Ibnght, March 7, the battle of Loetown, one of 
the most sanguinary and decisive of the 
war. The next day. Col. Davis stormed and 
carried the heights of Elkhorn, capturing five 
cannon, and deciding the battle of Pea Ridge 
against the rebels. He was then transferred to 
Gen. Halleck's army at Corinth, and after its 
evacuation was given a division in the army of 
the Tenn. Sept. 29, meeting Gen. Nelson at 
a hotel in Louisville, an affray ensued, in which 
Nelson was killed. After being a short time 
under arrest, he was restored to duty, and or- 
dered to Covington. He led his old division, 
20th army corps, in the thickest of the light 
at Stone River, holding the centre of the right 
wing, and, fur good conduct on that occasion, 
was stron'_'ly recommended by Rosecrar s to a 
niaj.-genship. He was in the battle of Chick- 



r>^v 



254 



amanga; in the Atlanta campaign, and com. 
tlie I4tli corps in Sherman's march through 
Georgia and in North Carolina. Col. 23d Inf., 
Jiilv 28, 1866 ; brev. maj.-gen. U. S. A., March 
13, '1865. 

Davis, JoHX, an eminent English mariner, 
b. Sandridge, Devonshire; d. Dec. 1605. He 
went to sea when jouiig, and acquired so much 
rcput;\tion in his profession as to be intrusted 
in l.i85 with the com. of an cxped. for the 
discover)' of a north-n-cst passage to the East 
Indies, in thisvoyage, he discovered the straits 
in the Arctic Sea leading to Baffin's Bay, which 
still bear his name. Davis twice more visited 
the polar regions, and in l.'>91 went with Cav- 
endish in his second unfortunate expedition to 
the South Sea. He then made 5 voyages to 
the E. Indies as a pilot; and during the last of 
these, while serving under Sir Edmimd Mi- 
chelbourne, he was killed in an engagement 
with some J:lpane^e otF the coast of .\lalacC!L 
He wrote accounts of some of liis voyages, a 
treatise entitled " The World's Hydrographieal 
Description," and the " Seaman's Secrets," 
1595; and he is said to have invented a quad- 
rant for taking the sun's altitude at sea, which 
preceded the use of Hadley's se.xtant. 

Davis, John-, LL.D. '(H. U. 1842), jurist, 
b. Plvmouth, .Ms., J.in. 25. 1761 ; d. Boston, 
Jan. U. 1847. H. U. 17SI. He taught for a 
time in the family of Gen. Joseph Otis of 
Barnstable ; studied law, and began practice in 
Plymouth in 1786. He was some years in the 
Ms. legist. ; was the youngest member and last 
survivor of the convention to adopt the US. 
Constitution ; member of the State senate, 
1795; comptroller U.S. treasurv, 1795; dist.- 
atty. tor Sis., 1 796, anil U.S. dist.'judge for Ms., 
from 1801 till hisdeath. Delegate to the State 
Const. Conv. of 1820. Judge Davis was one of 
the most profound antiquarians of X.E. His 
notes to "Morton's Memorial "are a monument 
to his learning. He was a itiemlier of many 
learned societies, and pres. of the Ms. Hist. 
Soc. from 1818 to 1843. He pub. an address 
before the Ms. Charitable Society, 1 799 ; a 
eulogy on Washington ; " The Inscriptions on 
Digliton Rock;" an address on comets, and 
another, 22 Dec. 1813, in commem. of the 
laniling of the Pilgrims, before the Ms. Hist. 
Societv. 

Davis, John-, LL.D. (H. U. 18.34), states- 
man, b. Xorthborough, Ms., Jan. 13, 1787; d. 
Worcester, April 19, lS.i4. Y. Coll. 1812. 
AJm. to the bar of Worcester Co. in 1815, and 
settled at Worcester, where he became an emi- 
nent lawyer and politician. M. C. from 1825 
to 1833, and disting. himself in questions of a 
financial and commercial character. Gov. of 
Ms., 183.3-5 and 1840-1 ; U.S. senator from 
1835 to 1841 and from 1845 to 1853. In Con- 
gress, he Has an advocate for protection to 
American industry ; and his speeches in reply 
10 McDuffic, Cambreling, aad others, were re- 
garded as the best statements and defences of 
the protective theories. He was a consistent 
opi)onent of Jackson's admini>tration and that 
ol Van Buren, and contributed, in a short 
speech against the sub-treasury in 1840, the 
most efiScient electioneering pamphlet for the 
canvass of that year ; more than a million 



copies having been distributed. He opposed 
in the senate the Mexican war ; supported the 
treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ; and, in the great 
controversy which followed as to the disposi- 
tion to be made of the U.S. TeiTitories, he was 
decided and earnest in favor of excluding sla- 
very from them. He supported the Wilmot 
Proviso, and was one of the most decided oppo- 
nents of the comjiromise acts of 1S50. No 
public man ever enjoyed more fully than Mr. 
Davis the contidence of the people; and he was 
jjopularly known as "Honest John Davis." — 
See Memoir, in Amer. Antiq. Soc., Tinns. v. 3. 

Davis, John- A. G., law prof, at Wm. and 
Mary Coll. from 1830 to 14 Nov. 1840, when 
he d. from a pistol-shot fircil bv a disguised 
student; b. .Middlesex Co., Va.,'lSOI. Wm. 
and Mary Coll. He jiractised law in Albemarle 
Co., and for .some years pub. a weekly journal 
at Charlottesville. Author of a "Manual for 
Justices of the Peace," 1838 ; a tract on " Es- 
tates Tail," &c., and one on "Protection of 
Domestic Manufactures." 

Davis, Jons W., politician, b. Cumberland 
Co., Pa., 1799; d. at Carlisle, Ind., Aug. 22, 
1859. After completing his medical studies at 
Baltimore, he emigrated to Ind. in 1823; served 
in the legisl. ; was speaker of the lower branch ; 
and was a commissioner to treat with the In- 
dians; M. C. in 1835-7, 1839-41, 1843-7, and 
speaker during his last term. He was in 1848 
app. commissioner to China ; was gov. of Ore- 
gon Terr, in 1853-4, and was pres of the Balti- 
more convention in 1S52. 

Davis, M.vTTHEW L., author, b. 1766; d. 
Manhattanville, June 21, 1850. A printer by 
trade. He became an active politician, and a fre- 
quent contrib. to the public journals. He early 
attached himself in polities to the fortunes of 
Aaron Burr, and advocated his elevation to the 
presidency. For many years before Burr's 
death, Mr. Davis was apparently his only at- 
tached friend. Sept. 15, 1797, he was asso- 
ciated with Freneau in the publication of the 
Timepiece and Literary Com/xjnion in N. York, 
discontinued Aug 30, 1798. He was the Wash- 
ington corres|)ondent of the -V. Y. ( 'onrii-r ami 
Inquirer, under the. signature of " The Spy in 
Washington." and was also a contrib to the 
London Times over the nont de jilume of the' 
" Genevese Traveller." Author of " Memoirs 
of Aaron Burr," 2 vols., 8vo, and e<lited his 
Diary. 

Davis, KicH.iBD BixGHAM, poet ; d. at 
the residence of his father in Xew Brunswick, 
in 1799, a. 28. He edited the DIarii in 1796. 
His poems, with a sketch of bis life, by John 
T. Irving, were pub. 1807. 

Davis, SvLv.vNus, an early settlor and sol- 
dier of Maine ; d. Boston, 1704. He bought 
land of the Indians at Damariscotta. June, 
1659; resided some time at Shcepseott ; was 
severely wounded while making his escape from 
Fort Arowsic; captured by Indians in Aug. 
1676 ; acconip. Maj. Waldron's exped. early in 
1677; resiileil in Falmouth, where he owned 
land, in 1680 ; com Fort Loyal, Falmouth, and 
was obliged to surremler it to the French and 
Indians, May 20, 1690. after 5 days' delence ; 
caiTied prisoner to Queliec, and exchanged 4 
months after, and wa> acouu=cilor in 1091-2. 



X)^-W 



D^Y 



His account of the conduct of the war is in 3 
^li. IIi>t. ColU., i., 101. 

Dawes, Hlxrt Lat;ress, statesman, b. 
CiMumin^lon, Ms., Oct. 30, 1S16. Y.C. 1839. 
A l.iwvei- by profession. He taught school, and 
eiliicJ the (jieeiijicid OuzMe. Ailra. to the bar 
in 1842, anil settled at N. Adams, whore he 
edited tlie Tiatiscriiit. Jlember of the Ms. 
legisl. in 1S4S-9 and 1852; of tlie State sen- 
ate, 18.)0, and of the State Const. Conv. of 
1853; dist-:itty. for the western dist. of Ms., 
1853-7 ; M. C .-ince 1857, and one of the most 
useful men in that body. Chairman of the 
com. of ways and means. 

Dawes, KuKLS, [joet, h. Boston, Jan. 26, 
1SJ3; d. Wasliiugtou, U.C, Xov. 30, 1859. 
Son of Jud^'e Tbonias Dawes. He entered 
H. U. in 1820, but did not graduate. Studied 
law with Wni. Sullivan, and was admitted to 
the bar, but never practised. A contrib. to the 
U. i'. Lt. Gaze le, and conducted, for a time, 
the Einera'tl, a journal printed at Baltimore. 
He pub. in 183J "The Valley of the Xasha- 
way, and Other Poems;" in 1839, " Geral- 
diu'e, Athenia of Damascus, and MiseellRncous 
Poems," and '"Xi.\'s Mate," a hist, romance, 
1840. He was a Swedeuborgian, and fre- 
quently otficiatcd in the pulpits ot that denomi- 
nation. He hail latterly been employed in one 
of t le dqjts. at Washin.iiton. 

Dawes, Col. i'nu.«.4s, Rcvol. patriot and 
architect, b. Boston, Aug. 5, 1731 ; d. Jan. 2, 
1809. A meehanic. He received only a com- 
mon-school education, but took a deep interest 
in the controversy with Great Britain; was 
col. of the Boston rcgt. in 1773-8; and was 
several times a member of the house and sen- 
ate, and State counsellor. He often presided at 
town-meetings in Boston, and managed them 
with great tact. Member of the Acad, of Arts 
and Sciences. 

Dawes, Tho.m.\s, jurist, b. Boston, July 8, 
1758 ; d. July 22, 1825. U. U. 1777. Son of 
Col. Thomas. He was a zealous Whig, and 
an eminent counsellor. -McmlKir of the State 
Const. Cunvs. of 1780 and 1820, and of that 
which adopted the Federal Constitution in 
1739. Juilge Supreme Court, 1792-1803, Mu- 
nicipal Court, 1803-23, and judge of Probate 
until his death. Member of the Acad, of Arts 
and Sciences. His literary productions were 
highly popular, and his witticisms were pro- 
verbial. He pub. an oration, July 4, 1787; 
'• Tlie Law Given on Mount Sinai," a poem, 
1777, .ind an oration on the Boston Massacre. 

Dawson, Hesrv B.vrtos, historian, b. 
(io-i>crton, near Boston, Eng., .June 8, 1821. 
He came with his parents to >«. Y. in 1834; 
]iursued various avocations until 1845, when 
he pub. the Cri/s'.al Fount, & temperance news- 
paper, dLscont. in 1847. He has pub. "The 
Park and its Vicinity," for the manual of the 
t. ommon Council of N. V, 1855; "The Life 
and Times of Anne Hutchinson," for the Baj)- 
tist Hist. Soc. ; " The Retreats through West- 
chester Co. in 177G," tor the X. Y. Hist. Soc; 
" The Battles of the U. S. by Sea and Land," 
1853; " The Fcederalist," with a hist, and bib- 
liog. introduction, 1863; "The Assault of 
Stony Point by Gen. Anthony Wayn ■," 1803; 
" Current Fictions tested by Uneurreiit Facts ; " 



" Diary of David How," a soldier of the Ilerol., 
1865; " Dring's Recollections of the Jersey 
Prison-Ship," 1865. From May 6, 1855, to 
Mar. 31, 1866, he edited the Guzrtli:, a week- 
ly Democ. newspaper at Yonkers, N.Y. Four 
vols, of selections from this paper have been 
pub. He has edited the Historical Mcf/azine 
since July 1,1866. His " B.ittles of the U.S." 
brought on a controversy upon the merits of 
Gen. Israel Putnam, between himself and 
Messrs. Griswold and Dcming of Hartlord, in 
the Daili/ Post of that city. 

Dawson, John, statesman, b. Va., 1762; 
d. Washington, Apr. 1, 1814. H. U. 1782. 
Member of the convention of 1789, also of the 
gen. assembly and e.<iec. council of Va. ; M. C. 
from the Fredericksburg dist. from 1797 to 
1814 ; bearer of despatclies to France in 1801, 
and vol. aide to (icn. J.-ickson in 1813. 

Dawson, John L., democ. politician, b. 
Uniontown, Pa., 7 Feb. 1813; d. there 18 Sept. 
1870. Wash. Coll. He practised law; was 
app. dist.-atty. for Western Pa. in 1845 ; JLC. 
in 1851-5 and 1863-7, and was a delegate to 
the Democ. nat. conventions of 1844, '48, '56, 
ami '60. App. gov of Kansas in 1855, but 
declined. Author of the Homestead Bdl of 
1854. 

Dawson, J. W., educator, and man of sci- 
cn.-e, b. Pietou, N.S., Oct. 1820. Edinb. U. 
1840. Returning to Xova Scotia in 1841, he 
travelled with Sir Charles Lyell, under whose 
direction he madee.Kplorations in that province, 
and described its geology in the " Proceedings 
of the Geological Soc. of London." He lec- 
tured on botany and geology in the Acad, of 
Pietou and in the Dalliousie Coll.; pub. some 
educational works, and from 1850 to 1853 was. 
supt. of instruction for N. S. In 1855, he was 
app. principal of McGill Coll. Member of 
many scientific associations ; has pub. numer- 
ous papers in their " Transactions ; " also a 
" Handbook of the Geography and Xat. Hist, 
of Xova Scotia,'' 1848; "Hints to the Farmers ' 
of X. S.," 1853; "Acadian Geology," 1855, 
and " Archaia," 1859. — Morgan. 

Dawson, Willum C. lawyerand senator, 
b. Greene Co., Ga., Jan. 4, 1798; d. Greens- 
borough, Ga., May 5, 1856. Franklin Coll. 
1816. Adm. to the bar, he settled at Greens- 
borough in 1818, where he was eminently suc- 
cessful as a jury lawyer. He was for 12 years 
clerk of the H. of representatives of Ga., and 
several times senator and representative in the 
legisl; M. C. 1837-42; app. in 1845 judge 
of Ockmulgec Circuit ; and irora 1849 to 1855 
he was a IJ. S. senator, serving on important 
committees, and speaking on many questions 
of national interest, and commanded a wide 
influence. During the Creek and Seminole 
war in 1836, he raised a vol. company lorspecial 
service. In the house, he was chairman of the 
military com., and also of the com. on claims. 
He pub. " Laws of Georgia," 4to, 1831. — Lan- 
maii. 

Day, Henrv Noble, prof, of rhetoric, 
West. Kes. Coll., 1840, b. Ct., 1808. Y. C. 
1828. Author of " Art of Elocution," " Art 
of Rhetoric," 12mo, 1850; "Art of Eng. 
Composition,"" E.cmentsof Logic," and "lu- 
trod. to Eug. Litera;ure." 



256 



D^Y 



Day, Jeremiah, D.D. (Un. Coll. 1818), 
LL.D. (Wins, and Mid. Colls., 1817), educa- 
tor, b. New Preston, Ct., Auj;. 3, 1773 ; d. N 
Haven, Auj,'. 22, 1867. Y. C. 1795. Son of 
Rev. Jeremiah Day. Succeeded Dr. Dwight as 
teacher of his scliool in Greenfield ; was a tutor 
in Williams Coll. in 1796-8; tutor at Yale in 
1798-1801 ; prof, of mathematics and nat. 
philos. at Yale in 1801-17; ])res. of that col- 
lege in 1817-46. While a prof., he pub. some 
mathematical treatises, which have been ex- 
tensively used, especially that on algehra. He 
pub. a treatise on the " Self-determining Power 
of the Will," 1838 ; " An Examination of Ed- 
wards on the Will," "Course of Mathematics," 
8vo, X.Y., 1831 ; " Navigation and Surveying," 
8vo, N. Haven, 1817 ; occasional sermons, and 
contrib. papers to the Journal of Science, and 
the New-Enjiander. — See Com. AdJrcss, hi/ 
Pres. Woolsei/, in New-Em/landa; Oct. 1867. 

Day, JoH.v, an eccentric individual, b. 
Eng. ; d. N.Y. in 1820, a. 103. In early life, 
he served in the British navy, and attained the 
rank of lieut. ; but, having killed in a duel a 
successful rival, he quitted the navy, and took 
refuge in Amer. Entering the army when the 
Revol. warhrokeout, heservcdas a])rivateuntil 
its close, resuming again the servile and menial 
pursuits he had occupied himself in before the 
war. For more than 20 years after his arrival 
here, he never was known to speak to a female, 
and had little intercourse with males. His 
habits were temperate, his appearance slovenly, 
his beard long, and he never looked clean 
His property, amounting to many thousand 
dollars, he bestowed upon an excellent and rep- 
utable lady, who had been benevolent to him 
during his illness. In the low occupation of 
carrying the baskets of huckster-women from 
cellars to stalls, with the pitiful pittance of 
sixpence for the drudgery, he amassed thou- 
sands. —yl)i«. Obit., 1821. 

Day, Mahlox, publisher and philanthro- 
pist, b. Morristown, N.J., 2^ Aug. 1790; d. 
27 Sept. 18.54, by the wreck of the steamship 
" Arctic," together with his wife and dau. 
Member of the society of Friends. Acquired 
wealth as a publisher, and, for 13 years before 
his death, had devoted his life to charitable and 
educational objects. 

Day, Martha, h. N. Haven, Feb. 13, 1813 ; 
d. there Dee. 2, 1833. Dau. of pres. Day. 
She attained great proficiency in mathematics 
and tlie languages, and wrote poetry of merit. 
Her "Literary Remains," with memorials of 
her life and character, was pub., bv Prof. 
Kingsley, N. Haven, in 1834. — ^l//iWie. 

Daye, Stephen, the first printer in the 
Englisli-Amcr. Colonies, b. LonJ., 1611 ; d. 
Cambridge, Ms., Dec. 22, 1668. A supposed 
descendant of John Daye, an eminent printer 
of Loud. (1560-83), and served his apprentice- 
ship in that city. He came over in 1638, and 
was empluyVd to superintend the press sent hero 
by the Rev. Mr. Glover. Daye, by the direc- 
tion of the magistrate and ciders, set up a 
press, and prepared other pans of the appa- 
ratus for printing at Camlnidue in March, 
1639. His first work was "The Freeman's 
Oath," next an " Almanack," calculated for 
N. E., by Mr. Pierce, mariner; the third was 



"The Psalms," in metre, crown 8vo, 30C 
pages. His extant works do little credit to 
his skill. The printing-house was taken from 
him ab. 1648, and put in the hands of Samuel 
Green, who empl. him as journeyman. 

Day, Thomas, an English author and 
philanthropist, b. Lond., 22 June, 1748 ; killed 
by a kick from a horse, 28 Sept. 1789. In- 
heriting a fortune, he studied, but never prac- 
tised, law. In 1777, he m. MissMilnes. Took 
an active part in the public meetings of the 
time, and was an eloquent advocate of Amer. 
Independence, also expressing his sympathy 
for the cause, by two poems, " The Devoted Le- 
gions," and the " Desolation of Amer.," 1777, 
and "Reflections upon the Present State of 
Eng. and the Indcp. of Amer." by a pamph. 
He selected two young giils from a found- 
ling-hospital, with the intention of educating 
them rationally, on the jirinciplcs of Rousseau, 
and making one of them his wife ; Init the 
experiment did not succeed. One of his pro- 
Icije s, however, did honor to his efforts, and ra. 
his friend Bickncll. His most popular work 
is " Sandford and Merton," 1783. 

Day, Thomas, LL.D. (Y.C. 1847), jurist, 
b. New Preston, Ct., Julv6, 1777; d. Hart- 
ford, March 1, 1855. Y.C. 1797. Son of 
Rev. Jeremiah Day, and bro of Pres. Day. A 
tutor in Williams Coll. in 1798; studied law, 
and commenced practice in 1799, in Hartford. 
In 1809, he was app. assist, sec. of the State 
of Ct. ; in 1810, sec, — an office which he held 
until May, 1835; in May, 1815, assoc. judge 
of the County Court of Hartford, and annually 
thereafter, with the exception of one year, un- 
til May, 1825, when he wis made chief-judge 
of that court, and was continued in that office 
until June, 1833. He was a judge of the City 
Court of Hartford from 1818 to 1831 ; was one 
of the committee to prepare the statutes of 
1808 and also of 1821 and 1824. He report- 
ed the decisions of the Court of Errors from 
1805 till 1853, pub. in 20 vols. He was an 
original member of the Ct. Hist. Soc., of 
which he was pres. from 1839 until his death. 
He was first pres. of the Wadsworth AtheniB- 
uin, and a liberal contrib. to its funds. He 
pub. a " Digest of Reports of Sup. Court of 
Errors, from 1786 to 1829." — LUchjield Biog- 
rap/lies. 

Dayton, Elias, Revol. officer, b. Eliza- 
bethtown, N.J., 1735 ; d. there July, 1807. He 
fought ill Edward Hart's "Jersey Clues," un 
der Wolfe, at Quebec ; was one of the com. ol 
safety at the opening of the Revol., and in 
July, 1775, com. a party which cajitured a 
British transport olT Elizabethtown. App. col. 
3d N.J. regt. ; served in N.Y. and N.J ; was in 
the battles of Brandywine, Germantown, Mon- 
mouth, SprinLiliekl, and siege of Vorktown ; 
aided in suppressing the mutiny of the N.J. 
line in Jan. 1781, and was made brig.-gen. 7 
Jan. 1783. After the war, he was maj.-gen. of 
militia, member Cont. Congress, 1787-8, and 
often in the State legist. 

Dayton, JosATHAy, LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 
1798), statesman, son of the preceding, b. 
Elizabetliiown, N.J., Oct. 16, 1760; d. there 
Oct. 9, 1824. N.J. Coll. 1776. App. paymas- 
ter of his father's regt. Aug. 26, 1776 ; held scv- 



I>A.Y 



257 



UEA. 



eral commissions at different periods of the 
war ; was in many engagements, and at Yorlt- 
towii had a com. umler Lafayette, and aided 
in storming one of the British redoiihts. He 
was a meiuher of the N.J. !e;iisl.; member of 
the eonventiuii which framed tile Federal Cun- 
siitiition, !7S7; speaker of the house in 1790; 
M.C. 1791-9 ; speaker in 1795-9, and U.S. 
senator, 1799-1805. He afterward .served sev- 
eral terms in the State senate. He was arrest- 
ed for alleijed complicity in Bnrr's conspiracy, 
bn[ was not proceeded against. 

Dayton, William Lewis, LL.D. (N.J. 
Coll. 1857), statesman, nephew of Jonathan, b. 
Baskingridge, N.J., Feb. 17, 1807; d. Paris, 
Dee. 1, 1864. N.J. Coll. 1825. Adm. to the 
bar in 183U ; member of the State senate, and 
chairman of the judiciary com. in 1837 ; judge 
of the Superior Court from Feb. 28, 1838, to 
Nov. 1841 ; U.S. senator, 1842-51 ; atty.-gen. 
of N.J., 1857-61 ; minister to France, 1861-4. 
In the senate debates on the Oregon question, 
the taritf, auue.Kation of Texas, and the Mex- 
ican war, he took the position of a Freesoil 
Whig. He maintained to the fullest extent 
the right of Congress to legislate with respect 
to slavery in the Territories; opposed the com- 
promises of 1850 ; advocated the admission of 
California as a free State, the abolition of the 
slave-trade in the Dist. of Columbia, and was 
particularly hostile to the fugitive-slave law. 
He was the Freesoil candidate tor the vice-pres- 
idency in 1856, and was a man of high integ- 
rity, and an eloiiuent debater. 

Dean, A.M09, LL.D., jurist, b. Barnard, 
Vt., .Jan. 16, 1803 ; d. Albany, Jan. 26, 1868. 
Un. Coll. IS22. Descended 'from Walter of 
Taunton. He studied law, and, on being adm. 
to the bar, soon attained a high reputation for 
his profound legal attainments. In 1833, he 
projected the Young Men's Assoc, of Albany, 
before which he delivered an interesting course 
of lectures in 1844. He prepared numerous 
law treatises, all of which have been recognized 
as standard works. In 1S51, at the organiza- 
tion of the law school, he was app. a prof., and 
had tilled the chair of med. jurisprudence in 
the Alliany Med. School, from its organization 
in 1839. Anthorof " MedicalJurisprudenee," 
1S54 ; " Lectures on Phrenology," 8vo, 1835 ; 
" Manual of Law," 8vo, 1838, and " Philosophy 
of Human Life," 8vo, 18.39.. His "Histor;;-of 
Civilization," 7 vols., 8yo, has been pub. since 
his death. 

Deane, Cii.vrles, an historical student, b. 
at l!i>l(lelord, Me., Nov. 10, 1813; son of Dr. 
Kzi.i, descendant of Walter, one of the first set- 
tlers of Taunton, Ms. Was many years a 
merchant of Boston, and latterly a resident of 
Camliridge. Mr. Deane is a member of the 
principal historical societies of the U.S., of the 
Phi Beta Kapjia Society, and the Amer- 
ican Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 1856, 
he received the lion, degree of A.M. from H. 
U., and in 1871 that of LL.D. from Bowd. 
Among his publications are " Some Notices of 
Samuel (iorton," 1850 ; " First Plymouth Pa- 
tent," 1854; " Bibliog. of Gov. Hutchinson's 
Publications," 1857 ; " Wingfield's Discourse 
of Virginia," 1860; " Letters of Phillis Wheat- 
ley," 1864; Smith's "True Relation," 1866; 



" Remarks on Sebastian Cabot's Mappe 
Monde," 1867; " Memoir of George Liver 
more," 1869 ; " The Forms in issuing Letters 
Patent by the Crown of England," 1870. Sev' 
eral of these (and others not here enumerated) 
originally appeared in the publications of the 
Ms. Hist. Soc, others in the Archseologia 
Americana. Mr. Deane edited Gov. Bradford's 
"History of Plymouth Plantation," 1856, and 
Bradford's " Dialogue, or Third Conference," 
between old men and young men, 1870 ; and 
several vols, of Colls, and Proceedings of the 
Ms. Hist. Soc, of which body he is the rec. 
sec. 

Deane, Jambs, missionary to the Indians, 
b. Groton, Ct., Aug. 20, 1748; d. Westmore- 
land, N.Y., Sept. 10, 1823. Dartm. Coll. 
1773. Descended from James of Stonington. 
From the age of 12, he was with Rev. E. 
Mosely, missionary to the Oneidas, and mas- 
tered their language. In 1773-4, he was a 
missionary to the Caghnawaga and the St. 
Francis tribes ; was afterward employed by 
Congress to conciliate the northern tribes, and, 
at the beginning of the Revol. war, was made 
Indian agent and interpreter, with rank of ma- 
jor, at Fort Stanwix, N.Y. Made prisoner by 
the Indians, who were about to kill him, his 
life was saved by the interposition of some 
squaws. Many years a judge of Oneida Co., 
and twice a member of the N.Y. assembly. He 
wrote an essay on Indian mythology, supposed 
to be lost. 

Dean,. James, LL.D. (U. of Vt. 1847,) 
educator, b. Windsor, Nov. 26, 1776; d. Bur- 
lington, Vt., Jan. 20, 1849. Dartm. Coll. 
1800. Descended from James of Stonington. 
Tutor in -the U. of Vt. in 1807-9, and prof, 
of mathematics and natural philosophy there 
from 1809 to 1814, and from 1821 to 1824. He 
pub. a " Gazetteer of Vermont," 1808; "Ad- 
dress " on his induction as prof., Apr. 24, 
1810. — ,l/«/nHi Dartm. Coll. 

Deane, James, M.D., physician and natu- 
ralist, b. Coleraine, Ms., Feb. 24, 1801; d. 
Greenfield, Ms., June 8, 1858. Descended from 
James, an early settlor of Stonington. He 
spent his early life upon his father's farm, stud- 
ied law in Greenfield, afterwards studied med- 
icine, received thedegree of M.D. in 1831, and 
practised in Greenfield. In 1835, he made 
public his discovery of the fossil footprints in 
the red sandstone uf the Ct. Valley. At the 
time of his death, he was about publishing an 
elegantly illustrated work upon the subject, the 
result of 24 years' investigation and labor, since 
issued by the Smithsonian Inst. He was a fre- 
quent contrib. to SllUman's, Journal, the Boston 
Sledical and Surgical Journril, and was the au- 
thor of a paper on the " Hygienic Condition 
of the Survivors of Ovariotomy," in which he 
established the morality of the operation. 
Member of the Natural History Societies of 
Montreal and Boston. 

Deane, Joh.s', d. at Wilford, Nottingham- 
shire, Eng., Aug. 19, 1761, a. 82. He was ship- 
wrecked in 'The Nottingham Galley," of which 
he wasmaster, Dec. 11, 1710, on Boon Island, 
N.E., and spent 24 days on that desert island, 
the crew being obliged to eat one of their com- 
rades who had died. He pub. a narrative of the 



t>js:a. 



258 



DEA. 



shipwreck at Boston in I'll, appended to a 
sermon Sy Cotton Slather. The same year, a 
coantcT-statement was pah. at Lend, hy his mate 
Christopher Langman and two others. The 
5th cd. of the narrative was pub. at Boston in 
1762. From 1714 to 1720, he com. a sbip-of- 
war in the service of Peter the Great of Rus- 
sia ; but he fell into disgrace, and was exiled to 
Kasan, where he was favored with the protec- 
tion of Count Apraxan. He was afterwartls 
for many years, and until 1730, the English 
consal at Ostend. He is supposed to be the 
person of his name who was the author of " A 
Letter from Moscow to the Marquis Caermar- 
then, relating to the Czar of Muscovy's For- 
wardness in his Navy since liis return Home," 
pub. at Lond. in 1699. 

Dean, John- Ward, antiquarian, b. Wis- 
c.isset. Me., Mar. 13, 1815. Descended from 
Thomas of Boston, 1692. Previous to 18.35, 
he lived -ome time in Portland ; from 1839 to 
1S43, ill Providence; and since then in and 
near Boston. He has filled several offices in 
the S.E. Hist. Geneal. Society, to whose " Reg- 
ister " he has made many valuable contribu- 
tions, and of which he has been an editor. He 
is now pres. of the Prince Society, and rec. 
sec. of the Amer. Statist. Assoc. Having a 
very retentive memory, great industry, and an 
ardent thirst for knowledge, he has, while fol- 
lowing a laborious calling, acquired an amount 
of historical information such as few men pos- 
sess. His accuracy is remarkable ; and he is 
ever ready to communicate to others the in- 
formation derived from his diligent research- 
es. The honorary degree of A.M. was con- 
ferred upon him in 1869 by Dart Coll. He 
edited the first and a portion of the second 
vols, of the first series, and one number of the 
fourth volume of the second series, of the His- 
torical Magazine. Author of " Memoir of 
Rev. Xath. Ward," with notices of his family, 
8vo, 1868 ; and " Memoir of Rev. Michael 
Wigglesworth,"8vo, 1871. He has also pub. a 
nnmber of hist., biog., and genealogical pam- 
phli-ts. 

DeaH) JcLiA, actress, b. Pleasant Valley, 
N'.Y., July 22, 1830 ; d. X.Y. City, March 6, 
1868. Grand-dau. of Samuel Drake, oneof the 
pioneers of the drama in the West. Her 
father, Edwin Dean, an actor of repute, was 
the mana^'cr of the Eagle-st. Theatre, Buffalo. 
Her mother, .Julia Drake, was an actress of 
celebrity. Her first part was Lady Ellen, in 
"The Lady of the Lake," in her father's theatre. 
She gained her first success at the opening of 
the new theatre in Louisville. She appeared 
at the Bowery Theatre, X.Y., May 18, 1846, as 
Julia, in "The Hunchback," and achieved popu- 
larity in this part, in " Pauline," "Juliet, ' and 
" Marianna." Her beauty and talent won for 
her a wide reputation through the West and 
South. She also performed on the English 
stage. She ni. Arthur, son of Robert Y. 
Hayne, Jan. 20, 1853; was divorced in Sept. 
1866, and then m. Mr. Cooper of N.Y. After 
an absence of 12 years, she re-appcared in N.Y. 
in July, 1867, and took leave of the stage there 
in Oct. 

Dean, Rev. Paul, b. Barnard, Vt. ; d. 
Frainiiigham, Ms., Uct. 1, 1860, a. 71. De- 



scended from Walter of Taunton. Installed 
over the Hanover-st. Church from 1813 to 
1823, and over the Bulfinch-st. Church from 
May 17, 1823, to May 3, 1840. This society 
was called " Restorationists," and in 1838 
changed the corporate name, and has since 
been L'nitarian. He was afterward settled over 
a Unit. Church at Easton, Ms. He pub. 
" Lectures on Final Restoration," 18-32, " Elec- 
tion Sermon," 1832, and numerous Masonic 
and otlier occasional addresses and sermons. 

Deane, Sashxel, D.D. (B. U. 1790), poet, 
and pastor at Falmouth (now Portland), Me., 
from 17 Oct. 1764 to his d., 12 Nov. 1814; b. 
Dedham, Ms., .30 July, 1733. H. U. 1760. 
Librarian at H. U. 1760-2, and tutor in 1763. 
One of the 6 prizes aivard^'d by H. U. for com- 
positions on the death of George II. and the 
accession of George III. was awarded to liim, 
he having written the liest English o<le. These 
com|>o-itions, and others frorn per-ons excluded 
by the terms of the oSlr from oornperition for 
the prizes, were printed in 1761, under the 
title of Pirins a Gratiilalio. Su:. Author also 
of other poems, the longest of wliicli was 
" Pitchwood Hill," ; Geor^ical Dictionary, or 
N. E. Farmer, 1790; oration, July 4, 1793; 
election sermon 1794, discourses, &c. — 5ee 
Geival. [{fg. iii. 385. 

Deane, Rev. SijcCEt, historian and poet, 
b. MansHeld, JIs., March .30, 1784 ; d. Aug. 9, 
18.'J4. Descended from John, one of t!ie first 
settlers of Taunton. B. U. 1805. He was 
settled in 1810 over the second church at Seit- 
uate, Ms., of which he was pa.stor 24 years. 
His " History of Si-ituatc," pub. in 1831, shows 
evidence of mu<h research and ability, and was 
one of the earliest to give a conspicuous place 
to genealogy. Mr. Deane was well versed in 
the colonial history of Plymouth and Ms. His 
"Populous Village," a poem, was printed in 
1826. He pub. a number of sermons, and 
wrote many short poems ; but no collection of 
his works has appeared. 

Deane, Silas, diplomatist, b. Groton, Ct., 
Dec. 24, 1737 ; d. Deal, Eng., Aug. 23, 1789. 
Y.C. 1758. He settled as a merchant in Wcth- 
ersfield, Ct., and was a delegate to the first 
Congress in 1774. In 1775, he was employed 
by the Marine committee to procure and to 
equip and fit out a large naval force.. In .June, 
1776, he arrived in France with a commission 
from the committee of secret corresp., as polit- 
ical and commercial agent, authorizing him 
not only to operate in France, but in Hol- 
land and Great Britain, and to i>rocurc cloth- 
ing, arms, military accoutrements, and muni- 
tions of war, sufficient for 25,000 men, and 
100 field-pieces. Sept. 26, 1776. he was chosen 
by Congre-^s, in conjunction with Franklin and 
Jefferson, amba-sador to Frame. Franklin, 
Deane, and Arthur X>ee (app. in phice of Jef- 
ferson, who declined succeeded in negotia- 
ting «reatie3 with France, which were signed at 
Paris, Feb. 6, 1778. To Deane is undoubted- 
ly due a full share of the credit of this impor- 
tant transaction : and it was throuirh him thiU 
the services of Lalaycue were secured to our 
country. Coii^'re-s. having been much emb.ir- 
rasscd by his cniragemcnts with foreign officers, 
which it found itself unable to meet, and which 



r)EA. 



259 



DEA 



rnused great dissatisfaction in the army, Nov. 
21, 1777, passed an order for his recall, which 
wassiipplcmenteil by a preamble and resolu- 
tion (Dec. 8), calliii!; for information of the 
state of affairs in Europe, and directini; liini 
to embrace the first opportunity to return, and 
to repair with all possible despatch to CouL'ress. 
This prcainlile and order, accomp. by a very 
complimentary letter, reached him in Paris on 
the 4th of March, 1778. lie arrived July 10, 
1778; on the 13th, he reported himself to Con- 
press. He soon perceived that he was not re- 
garded with favor by that body. Some 6 weeks 
passed before any notice was taken of his at- 
tendance. He was finally required to furnish 
such an account of his financial tran.sactions 
as it was impossible to give without returning 
to France. E.xasperated with this treatment, 
he became engaged in a controversy with in- 
fluential members. On the 6th of Aug. 1779, 
he was discharged from further attendance 
upon Congress, and a person was app. to audit 
his accounts. Deane arrived in France in 1780, 
but was still subjected to delays on account of 
an alleged want of authority on the part of 
the person appointed to settle his accounts. 
Owing to the publication of some of his letters 
charging the French cabinet with intrigue and 
dnplieity, he became obnoxious to the author- 
ities there; and he retired to the Netherlands, im- 
poverished almost to penury. He considered 
himself as a man not only abused, and ill-re- 
quited for important services rendered, but de- 
nied those pecuniary rights which common 
honesty would say were his due. Imbittered 
and exasperated, be became estranged from his 
country, and went to Eng., where he d. in ob- 
scurity and poverty. Ur. Franklin testified 
explicitly to Ueane's probity and honesty in 
all his transactions for Congress ; but the enmi- 
ty and misrepresentations of Arthur Loe pre- 
vailed in that body, and were the cause of his 
final ruin. A perusal of Dcane's Letters in the 
first vol. of Sparks's " Diplimiatic Correspond- 
ence," of "Deane's Narrative," pub. in 18.)5, 
by the Seventy -six Society, and the " Me- 
morial of the Heirs of Silas Deane," pre- 
sented to Congress in 1835, cannot fail, it 
is believed, to satisfy the reader of to-day, 
that Silas Deane was a man of eminent ability, 
of thorough honesty, and the victim of malice 
and misrepresentation. In 18-12, his long-dis- 
])uted claims were adjusted by Congress ; and 
a large sum was found to be due his heirs, and 
paid over to them. Deane puli. " An Address 
to the Free and Independent Citizens of the 
U. S. of N. America," pp. 30, Hartford, 1784; 
an cd. London, 1784, pp. 9.5. Each edition 
contains matter not embraced in the other. A 
vol. entitled " Paris Papers, or Mr. Silas 
D.ane's late Intercepted Letters to his Bro., 
and otiier Friends," &c., was pub. bv Riving- 
lon. X.Y., 1781. 

Dean, WiLi.iA.M, D.D., missionarv, b. at 
Mornsville, N.Y , .lune 21, 1807 ; was descend- 
ed from John Dean, who settled in Dcdliam, 
Ms., in the latter half of the 17th century. He 
went to China in 1834 as a missionary of the 
Bapt. Miss. Union. He has translated por- 
tions of the Bible and other works into Chi- 
nese, which have been printed for the use of 



his mis^iion. A Memoir of his second wife, 
Mrs. Theodosia A. B. Dean, who died in 1843, 
was printed at Boston soon after her death. 

Deane, William Keed, antiqnarv, b. 
Maiis(it-|,|, Ms., Aug. 21, 1809; d. there.'June 
16, lS71.a.61. Was a nephew of Rev. Samuel 
of Scituat'.'. He was for many years a mer- 
chaiitiu Boston; was a fine belles-lettres scholar 
and a genuine antiquary, and familiar with the 
customs and usages of the early settlers of 
N. E. He contrib. nianv valuable articles to 
the y.E. I/ist. and Geniiilui/iml Register and the 
Historical Ma;ja:ine. He was aUo n contrib. to 
the Unitarian and secular press. He made col- 
lections for extensive genealogies of the Deane 
and Pool families, ami also for thoroughly 
ediliiig " Madam Knight's Journal," an an- 
notated reprint of which he pub. in LitteU's 
Lirinj A'le, Jane 26, 18.i8. Author of gene- 
alogies of the Deane Family, 1849; the Leon- 
ard Family, IS.'jI ; and the Watson Familv, 
1864. 

Dearborn, Benj.^mik, inventor of the 
patent balance, b. Portsmouth. N.ll., 1755; d. 
Boston, Feb. 22, 1838. Son of Dr. Benj. 
Served his time with Daniel Fowle, ))rinter ; 
taught an acad. for girU<, and, removing to 
Boston ab. 1790, pursued the same vocation. 
He was well versed in science. In 1784, under 
the signature of "A Friend of Industry," he 
pub. in the A', fl. Oazettr an able article sug- 
gesting the employment of convicts in prisons, 
— a pliui Mion afterward generally ado]ited. 

Dearborn, Henrt, maj.-gon. U.S A., b. 

North Haini>:on, N.H., Fol). 23; 1751 ; d. Ro.x- 
bnry, Ms , June 6, 1829. His ancestor Godfrey 
camefrom Exeter, Eng., settled at E.KCter, N.H., 
in 1639, aud afterward removed to Hampton. 
Henry, bavins studied medicine wich Dr. Hall 
.T.ickson of Portsmouth, settled. in practice at 
Nottingham Square in 1772, employing his 
leisure in military studies. The day after the 
battle of Lexington, he marched at the head of 
60 vols., reaching Cambridge, a distance of 65 
miles, early next day. Returning, he was app. 
first capt. in Stark's regt. ; was again at Cam- 
bridge, May 15; and June 17, participated in 
the battle of Bunker's Hill, taking post behind 
the rail-fence, and holding it until the main body 
of the retreating Americans were saved from 
being cut off. In Si-pt. he accomp. Arnold's 
cxped. through the wilderness to Canada, and, 
beiuL; taken with a fever, was left in a cottage 
on the banks of the Chaudiere, without a phy- 
sici.in. Ilis life was despaired of; but he re- 
covered, joined his eomjiany early in Dee., and 
in the attack on Quebec, Dec. 31, was made 
pris<mer, aud closely confined. He was, in May, 
1776, iiennitted to return on parole; was ex- 
ehani.'<'d earlv in March. 1777, and was made 
major cfSciuiiuicll's (3d N. II.) regt., with which 
he went in .May to 't'icouderoga. At the battle 
of Stillwater, be com. a light inf cor]is of 5 
companies, and, with the rank of lieut.-col., led 
the same com. in thcdirisive battle of Saratoga, 
Oct. 7, sharing in the honor of carrying the 
German furtiricd camp. Disting. at the battle 
of Monmouth, June 28, 1778. In Aug. 1779, 
he took part in Sullivan's exped. against the 
Indians in the interior of N.\., and was in the 
battle of Newtown, Aug. 29 ; in 1781, he was 



DEA 



200 



DEC 



attached to Wa6hin!;ton'8 staff ns dep. quarter- 
master jjen., rank of col., in wliieh cajjaeity he 
Served diiriiiK the siege of Yorktown, and, from 
that period till the end of ilie war, was col. of 
the Ist N.H. re;,'t. In June, 1784, he, with iiiii 
bros., removed to Monmonth, Me. ; wasclio.sen 
brig.-gcn. of militia in 1787; maj.-gen. 1795; 
was app. by Washington marshal of Me. in 
1789; was M.C. from 179.3 to 1797; sec. of 
war under Jetferison from Mar. 1801 to Mar. 
1809; coUectorof ihejiortof Boston from 1809 
until his app. liy Pres. Madison, Jan. 27, 1812, 
as senior maj.-gcn. in the U.S. army, and com.- 
in-chief of the northern department. War was 
declared, June 18, 1812. April 27, 181.3, he 
captured York, now Toronto, C. W., and May 
27, Fort George at the mouth of the Niagara. 
July 6, 1813, he was superseded ostensibly on 
the ground of ill health, but really, in conse- 
quence of political intrigue. He solicited a 
court of inquiry, hut in vain. lie was after- 
ward in com. of the military di t. ofN.Y. City. 
Minister to I'ortngal from May 7, 1822, to 
1824, when he resigned, returned home, and 
retired to his estate at Hoxbary, Ms Ilis last 
wife Sarah, widow. of Gov. Bowdoin, d. May 
24, 182G. Gen. D. was large and command- 
ing in person, frank in manner, and of unim- 
peachcd integrity. He pub. an account of 
Bunker's Hill battle, and was the author of a 
MS. jourrjiil of his expcd. to Canada, imprison- 
ment in Quebec, exped to Wyoming, and other 
adventures during the war, printed in his Life, 
by his son. 

Dearborn, Gen. Hknhv Alkxaxdkr 
ScAM.MKi.l-, son of the preceding, b. Kx<'ter, 
N.H., 3 Mar. 1783; d. Portland, Me., 29 July, 
18.J1. Wm. and Mary Coll. 1803. Hestudied 
law with Judge Siory in Salem, where he prac- 
tised ; afterwand superintended the forts in 
Portland harbor; was brig. -gen. of militia, 
coing. the troops in Boston harbor in 1812; 
coll. of Boston, 1812-29; member Ms. Const. 
Conv. 1820, and of the exec, council ; M.C. 
1831-3; adj.-gcn.of Ms., 1834-43, removed for 
loaning the State arms to the State of R.I. to 
siijiprcss the Dorr rebellion ; and mayor of 
Ro^:l)ury, 1847-.'J1. Anthorof Lives of the 
Ajiostlc ICliot, of Com. Balnbridgc, and of his 
father ; " Commerce of the Black Sea," .3 vols., 
1819 ; " Letters on the Int. Improvements and 
Com. of the West," 18)9. and an" Oration," 4 
Jnlv, 181 1 . He left in .MS. a iliary in 4.') vols. ; 
a •■•■ Histiiry of B. Hill Battle." &e. .Vember 
Anii-r. .\c:id. and other scientific bodies. 

Dear'oom, Natiianmrl, engraver, son of 
B. iij ; d S. Iie,iding, Ms., Nov. 7, 18.-)2, a. 66. 
lie w:is OH',' of the first wood-engravers in 
Boston. He pub. " Text-Book of Letters," 
••Bi^toii Notions and Guide," and "Guide 
through .Mount Auburn." 

Dearing, James, brig.-gcn. C.S.A. , killed 
near IViersl)nrg, Va., April 6, 186.5. 

Deas, f"iiARi.E9, artist, b. Phila., 1818: d. 
insane. Ilis maternal grandfather was Kalph 
Izard. Ivtucated by .lolm Sander.-on. he early 
devoted himself to his art; studied umler the 
aus])ices of the National Acail. ; afterward 
travelled extensively among the Indians of the 
North-west, and practised his art sucoessfully 
many years iu St. Louis. Among his pictures 



arc " The Turkey Shoot," " Walking the 
Chalk," " Long Jake," " The Wounded 
Pawnee," "Indian Guide," "A Group of 
Sioux," " Hunters on the Prairie," and " The 
Last Shot." The most important of his works 
is " Council of the Shawnces at North Bend," 
an incident in the life of Gen. Geo. Hogers 
Clarke. — Tuckerrnan. 

DeBow, James Ucnwoodt Bbownsos, 
ioiirnalist and 8tati-.tician,b. Charleston, .S.C., 
July 10, 1820; d. Elizabeth, N. J., Feb. 27, 1867. 
Charles. Coll. 1843. His father was a mer- 
chant. He was for 7 years employed in a mer- 
cantile house, but, alter graduating, studied 
law, and was adm. to the Charleston bar in 
1844, but became editor of the Sonllicm Q'lar- 
tcrh/ Review of Charleston. An article by him 
upon " Oregon and the Oregon Question " at- 
tracted much attention here and in Europe, oc- 
casioning a debate in the French chamber of 
deputies. In the latter part of 184.'), he removed 
to N. Orleans, and established lie Bow's Com- 
mercial Review. After a short term as prof, of 
political economy ami commercial statistics in 
the U. of La., in 1848, he was for 3 years the 
head of the census bureau of La. He collected 
and pub. valuable statistics of the population, 
commerce, and products of that State. App. in 
March, 1853, supt. of the U. S. census, he col- 
lected and prepared for the press a large part of 
the material for the quarto edition of the census 
of 1850. He was active in the enterprises for 
the advancement of the material and intellec- 
tual interests of the South ; was a member of 
nearly every Southern eotnmercial convention 
since 1845, and presided over that at Knox- 
ville, Tenii., in 1857. Hecontrib. many articles 
upon American topics to the new edition of the 
" Encyclopa;dia Britanniea ; " delivered various 
addresses before literary, agricultural, and 
other associations ; ami was one of the fi)und- 
crs of the La. Hist. Society, since merged in 
the Acad, of Science. For some years before 
the Rebellion, he was very bitter in his denun- 
ciation of the Northern States and their insti- 
tutions ; and during the war, though his Review 
was necessarily discontinued, his voice and 
]ien were actively employed in the service of 
the Confederacy. Aficr its overthrow, he ad- 
mitted the superiority of the free to the slave 
labor system, and ur^'cd the Southern States 
to encourage immigraiion. He resumed his 
Review, first at New York, atid subsequently 
at Nashville. Also anthorof " Encycloptedia 
of the Trade and Commerce of the U.S.," 2 
vols., 8vo, 1853 ; " The Southern States, their 
Agriculture, Commerce," &e., 8vo, 1856; and 
" Iridii-trial Resources of the South-west," 3 
vols., 1 851, compiled from his Review;" Compen- 
dium of the Seventh U.S. Census." — A/i/il'loii. 

De Camp, Jons, conimo. U.S.N., 1>. N J. 
.Midshipman, Oct. 1, 1827 ; lieut. Feb. 28, 1838; 
comm.inder, .Sept. 14, 1855; eapt. July 16, 
1802; commodore, retired list, Sept. 28, 1866; 
com. steam-sloop "Iroquois," 1861-2 ; in the 
attack upon Forts Jackson and St. Philip, and 
capture of N. Orleans, and in the various bat- 
tles on the Mpi., including Vicksburg ; com. 
frigate" Waba.-h," S. A. squad., 1863-4; com. 
reeeiving-ship " Potomac,"' Phila., 1868-9.— 
Hamersly. 



DEC 



261 



DEH 



Decatur, Stephen, a gallant nnval officer, 
soil of (..'.c|)t. Stcplicii, b Siiiiiupuxeiit, Md., 
5 Jan. 1779; d. \Vasl!iii;,'ion, D. C, 22 Mar. 
1820. (Stephen, his lather, capr. U.S.N., 1798- 
1801, b. NeH|iort, 1751. d. Frankford, near 
Phila., Nov. 14, 1808.) .Midshipman, .30 Apr. 
1793 ; lieut. 21 May, 1799 ; capt. 26 Feb. 1804. 
His first exploit was the destruction of the 
frigate " Philadelphia." in the harbor of Trip- 
oli on the night of 15 Feb. 1804, for which he 
received firom Congressasword.a vote of thanks, 
and immediate promotion. In the attack on 
Tripoli, Ang. .3, he com. a division of gunlioats, 
and had a desperate personal eunflict with the 
captain of a Turkish gunboat, whom he slew. 
App. to com. the frigate " United States," in 
which, Oct. 25, 1812, in lat 29° N.. long. 29° 
.30' W. he fell in with the British frigate " Ma- 
cedonian," capturing her alter an action of an 
hour ancl a half. For this capture, Congress 
awarded him a gold medal. He wa* after- 
ward blockaded in N. London by a British 
squadron. InJan. 1815, he attempted, in "The 
President," to elude the blockade ; but she was 
injureil in passing the bar, and was captured 
by the British squadron, after having kept up 
a running fi.'ht of two hours and a half with 
" The Endymion," which was dismasted and si- 
lenced. A tew months later, he was despatched 
with a squadron to Algiers, captured, June 17, 
off Cape de Gatt, an Algerine frigate, killing 
the noted .\dtniral Rais Hammida, and, arriv- 
ing at Algiers June 28, terrified the regency 
into a relinquishment of the claim for trib- 
ute, the surrender of all captives, and compen- 
sation for all Ainer. property seized. lie also 
obtained indemnity from Tunis and Tripoli, 
and procured the release of many captives. 
Js )V. 12, he W.1S app. a navy commissioner, and 
took up his residence at Kaloraina, Wasliing- 
ton, D.C., the former estate of Joel Barlow. 
A corresp. with Com. Barron, relative to "The 
Chesapeake" affair, resulted in a duel at Bla- 
densburg, in which Decatur was mortally, 
and Barron severely, wounded. Courage, sa- 
gacity, energy, self-possession, and a high sense 
of honor, were the characteristic traits of De- 
catur.— .^V^ fj/v, III/ A. S. Mackenzie, 1846. 

DeCharms, Richard, clergyman and 
aiiih..r, b. Phila., Oct. 17, 1796; d. Phila., 
March 20, 1864. Y.C. 1826. Descended 
from Huguenots, who took refuge in Eng. in 
1685. His father, a physician, came to Phila. 
in 179.3. At 14, he supported his mother by 
working in a printing-oflSce. After graduat- 
ing, be studied Swedenborg's theology in Bos- 
tr)n, printed the first 3 n,umbers of the New 
Jernmtem .]fayri2iiie with his own hands, and 
preached one year in Bedford, Pa. At the 
suggestion of a female friend, to whom he was 
indebted for his educntion, he continued the 
study of theology in London, to fit himself for 
the ministry of the church of the Xew Jerusa- 
lem ; supjiortiug himself during his 2 years' 
nay there by working as ajourneyinan printer. 
His first sermon, on the " Paramount Impor- 
tineeof Spiritual Things," was pub. in 1828, 
and rcpri.ited in I^mdon. lie settled at Cin- 
cinnati (1832-9), Phila. (18.39-45), Baltimore 
(1845-50), and New York, and pub. sermons 
and lectures on the fundamental doctrines of 



Swedenborg. He edited the Precursor and 
\ew Chnrihman. His chief works are tht 
" New Churchman Extra," 8vo ; " Freedom 
and Slavery in the Light of the New Jerusa- 
lem ; " " Sermons illustrating the Doctrine of 
the Lord," 1840; " Series of Lectures deliv- 
ered at Charleston, S.C," 1841. 

Deems, Charles F., P.D., b. Baltimore, 
1820. Dick. Coll. 18.39. Prof, in the U. cf 
N.C, 1842; prof, of chemistrv, Randolph M. 
Coll., 1848; pres. of Greensboro' Coll., 18.i'), 
of Centenary Coll, 1854. Author of "Tri- 
umph of Peace and other Poems," " Devo- 
tional Melodies," " Twelve College Sermons," 
" Life of Rev. Dr. Clarke," " Home Altar," 
" What Now ? " "Family Worship," 12mo, 
1832. Edited 5 vols. ISoidli. Meth. Pulpit. 
Contrib. to South. Meth. Quarterli/, and other 
journals. — Allihone. 

Deering, Nathaniel, dramatist and mis- 
cellaneous writer, b. Portland, Me., June 25, 
1791. H.U. 1810. Eriucated at E.xeter and 
Cambridge. lie stmlied law in the ofliee of 
Chief-Justice Whitman at Portland, and pur- 
sued the profession in the northern counties of 
Me. He is now a resident of Portland. He 
has produced two tragedies, " Carabasset ; or. 
The last of the Norriilgcwocks," produced at 
the Portland Theatre in 1831, and " Boz/.aris." 
His other writings, including numerous humor- 
ous tales of " Down-East " life, have appeared 
from time to time in the journals of the day. 

— Ihl.irlllirk: 

DeHaas, Jons Philip, brig.-gen. Revol. 
army, b. Holland, ab. 17-35; d. Phila., ab. 
1794. Descended from an ancient family 
of Northern France, and in 1750 aecomp. his 
father to Aincr., settling in Lancaster Co., Pa. 
An ensign in the old French war, and in Aug. 
1763, participated in the bloody conflict with 
the Indians at Bushy Run, near Pittsburg. 
App. coll first Pa. regt., Jan. 22, 1776; served 
in Canada and at Tieonderoga; took part in 
the battle of Long Island, and was promoted, 
Feb. 21, 1777, to brig.-gen., and served in va- 
rious capacities with credit until the close of 
the war. The latter years of his life were 
passed in Phila. A son served as ensign in 
his own regt. 

DeHaas (deh-has), MaubiceF. H., marine 
painter, b. Rotterdam, ab. 18-30. He studied 
at the Acad, of Fine Arts, and at the Antique 
and Life .School, made sketching-excursions to 
the British Channel and along the picturesque 
coast of France, and received 2 years' instrtiction 
from the eminent Louis Meyer of the Hague. 
In 1856, the Queen of the Netherlands sent him 
a flattering litter, and a handsome present in 
recognition of his talent. In 1857, he w.as 
com. artist to the Dutch navy ; since 1859, he 
has held, in New York, the first rank- in his 
priif Among his best works are " Storm off 
the Isle of Jersey," " After the Wreck,' 
" .Seashore near Hastings," " Calm off New- 
port," " Wreck off St. Hilliers," " Yacht Hen- 
rietta," " Oi'-aring Up," " British Channel," 
" The Old Wreck," " The Rescue," " .Moon- 
rise at .Smiset," and " Farragut passing the 
Fi.rts briow N. 0." 

DeHart, Col. William, lawyer and 
Rcvol. soldier, b. Elizabethtown, N.J., Dec. 7, 



DKH 



262 



174< ; (1. Morristown, June 16, 1801. Son of 
Dr. Matthias DeHart. Practised law Ix'I'ore 
the Rcvol. ; was app. maj. l8t N..J. batt., Nov. 
7, 1775; was licuc.-col in 177B; resinned his 
commission before the oUise of the war, and 
resinned the profession of the law at Morris- 
town, .\..J. He had 2 bros. in the service, 
one of whuin wa,s aide to Gen. Wavne, and 
fell nt I'ort Lcc in 1780. Col. DeHart was 
eminent in his profession, and was noted for 
wit and liiiinor. In 1789, he was pre*, of the 
St Ta.u.iiiinv Society.— Ord. bo/l- .V..1. 

DeHart, William C, capt. U.S.A., b. 
X.V., If'cH); d. Eli/.abctbiown, N..J., Apr. 21, 
1848. West Point, 1820. Aide-decamp to 
Gen. Scott, Jan. .31, 1838 ; ca])t. .3 Apr. 1838; 
at sietjc of Vera Crnz. and battle of Cerro 
Gordo ; lient.-frov. of Puelila during its siege, 
Sept. and Oct. 1847. Author of a treatise on 
"Martial Law and Courts-Martial, N.V.," 
8vo, IS It;. — Cillnm. 

DeHaven, Edwin J., arctic explorer, b. 
Pbila., isl'.i; d. there May 9, 1865. Mid- 
shipin. (Jet. 2, 1829; lieut. Sept. 8, 1841; 
resigned, 1857. He served in Wilkes's ex- 
ploring exped. 1839-42, and com. the lir.st 
exped. fitted out at the expense of Hf nry Grin- 
ncll of N.Y. to search for Sir John Franklin. 
This exped. left N.Y., May 24, 18.50, and was 
absent over 16 months, wintering within the 
arctic circle. It consisted of 2 small tugs, " The 
Advance "of 140, and "The Ke.scue"of 90 tons. 
Dr. Kane has given a full account of this exped. 
On his return, he was employed in the coast- 
survey. 

Dehon, Theodore, D.D., Pr.-Ep. bishop 
of S.(;., b. Boston, Ms., Dec. 8, 1776; d. 
Charleston, S.C, Aug. 6, 1817. H U. 1795. 
He became rector of Trinitv Church. New]>ort, 
R.I., in 1798, and of St. 'Michael's Church, 
Charleston, in 1809. Oct. 15, 1812, he was 
consec. bishop of S.C. Besides occasional ser- 
mons, pub. during his lifetime, 2 vols, of his 
" Discourses " wore issued in 1821. — See Life, 
by C. /■:. Gadsden, 8to, 1833. 

DeKay, Gkouce C, commodore, h. New 
York; (I. .Ian. 31, 1849, a. 47. When quite 
young, be entered the navy of Buenos Ayres, 
then contending against thcBra/.ilian Empire, 
disting. himself by a scries of brilliant actions 
under Admiral Brown, and on separate com- 
inands, and, in less than two years, reached the 
^ade of lieut.-col., equivalent to the English 
rank of commodore. In July, 1847, he com. 
the frigate" Macedonian " on her pliilantlirop- 
ie mission to starving Ireland. His wife was 
the dan. of the poet J. Rodman Drake, and 
grand-<la»'.rhter of Henry Kckfonl. 

DeKay, Jami-..s E.,' M.D., naturalist, bro. 
of Com. (iio. C. ; d. Oyster Bay, Nov. 21, 1.S.51, 
«. 59. Author of "Sketches of Turkey," in 
1831-2, and of "Zoology in the Survcvof N. 
Y.," 15 vols., 4to, with an Introil. by Win. H. 
Seward; " Anniv. Address before' the N.Y. 
Lvccuiu on ibc Prog, of the Nat. Sciences in 
the L' S." Fib. 182t). 

Delafield, John, agriculturist, b. N.Y. 
City, 1780; d. 1853. Col. Coll. 1802. After 
losing a fortune ncqiiircd as a banker in Lond., 
in l.s.)9 he withdrew to a lar.n known as Oak- 
lands, at Kosc Hill, Seneca Co., N.Y. Hure 



his efforts for rural improvement added much 
to the agricultural wealth of the county. In 
1851, he became ))rus. of the N.Y. State Aglic. 
Society, and at the time of his death was iiros. 
of the State Agric. Coll. Author of " An In- 
quiry into the Origin of the Antiquities of 
AmL-rica," Ciucin , 1839. 

Celafield, KicUAno, hrcv. innj.-gcn. and 
chief of cnginwrs U.S.A., b N.Y. West 
Point, 1818. Capt. 24 Mav, 182.'*; maj. Julv 
7, 1838; sup. Milit. Acad., 'Sept. 1838 to Aug. 
1845, and from Sept. 8, 1856, to 1 Mar. 1861 ; 
licut.-eol. oiigs. Aug. 6, 1801; col. June 1. 
1863 ; brig. -gen. and ehicf-engr. Apr. 22, 1854 ; 
retired Aug. 8, 1866. Ordered to Europe by 
the govt, to observe the Crimean war; and his 
report was pub. ns a sen.ite do ument in 4to, 
1860. Siiperint. engr. of the defences of N.Y. 
harbor, 1801-4. 

Delamater, John, D.D., LL.D., a dis- 
ting. pbvsieiaii and scholar of the AVcst, b. 18 
Apr. 1787 ; d Cleveland, O., 28 Mar. 1867. 

DeLaacey, James, jurist, b. N.Y., 1703; 
d. there Aug. 2, 1760. U. of Camb., Eng., 
1729. Son of a Huguenot emigrant, from 
Caen, Normandy ; was sent to Eng. for educa- 
tion, and, soon after his return in 1729, was 
made a justice of the SupR'me Court, and 
chief-justice in 1733. On the death of Gov. 
Osborn, he, as lieut. -gov., was at the head of 
affairs in the province from 17.53 to 1755, and 
also as successor to Uarily from 1757 to 1760. 
He was a profound lawyer, and during the ad- 
ministration of Gov. Clinton, 1743-5'$, exerted 
a powerful influence on the legisl.in ojiposition 
to him. He was at the head of the as-ociution 
which founded Kings Coll. The author of 
" The Review of Military operations from 1753 
to 1756 " represents him as a man of learning 
and talent, yet as an unprincipled demagogue, 
and tiuishcHi intriguer, whose ]>lau^ible arts, 
together with his inHuence ns chict'-justice, and 
a vast personal estate at use, all conspired to 
secui-e his popular triumph. 

De Lancey, Col. James, lovalist,b. N.Y.; 
d. Annajjolis, N.S., 1800. Son of Peter De L. 
.and Elizabeth Colden. Elected to the N. Y. 
assembly in 1769, and some time sheriff of W. 
Chester. He com. a batt. in the brigade of his 
uncle. Gen. Oliver De Lancey, and, Ix'ing taken 
in 1777, was confined in Hartford jail. His 
corps were called " Cow Boys," from " their 
knowledge of l)eef." An attempt to ca|)tnre or 
destroy this odious corps in July, 1781, was a 
failure. His otates were confiscated ; and he 
went to Nova Scotia, where, in 1794, he was a 
member of the coutjcil. 

De Lancey, Gen. Oliver, loyalist, b. N. 
Y. City, 1717 ; d. Beverly, Eng., Oct. 27, 1785. 
Bro. of James, lieut.-gov. of N. Y., and raanv 
years a uieinlwr of I he assembly and council. 
As col. of a N. Y. regt., under Abercrombie, 
his gallantry won for him the thanks of tlio 
Kgisl. At the connuencement of the Kcvol., 
he orgnni>!ed and equip|ied, chiefly at his own 
expen?e, a corps of 3 battalions, bearing his 
name. A;)p. in 1776 a brig.-gen. in the royal 
service, ho was the senior loynli>t officer in 
Amerira during the Kcvol. contest. On the 
evacuation of N. Y. in 1783, be went to Eu- 
rope. His dau. Susannah in. Sir Win. Draper. 



IDEL 



263 



DEN" 



De Lancey, Olivkr, gen. in the British 
nniiy. h. NVw Voik; d. Eiliiibiiixli, Sept. lSi2. 
Son" of tlie iirecoilinsr. EiliicateJ in Eniope; 
entervd tlie service in ITofi; liout. Dec 1770; 
lapt. 17tli nrags, ilav, 1773; maj. July, 1778; 
lieut.-col. Oei. 1781 ; Vol. Nov. 1790; barrack- 
master-'ien. 1792-1S04; maj.-gen. 1794; lieut - 
gen. 1801 ; gen. 1812. He was in Boston dur- 
ing the siege ; aceonip. the army to Nova Sco- 
tia, and in June, 1776, to Statcu Island. He 
com. the cavahy durinj; the laudin:;.' on L. I., 
and was constantly einjiloyed on outpost ser- 
vice until the hattle'of Auk- 28, when he tbrmed 
the advance of the right column. His treatment 



bury, Ms., 1763; d. 1817. — Sie a ymrativi 
of i'ot/w/ts tuid Trartis rottnd the World, 8vo, 
Boston, 1817 (written by IJev. Horace Uolley). 

Delano, ColU-MBLS, lawyer and politician, 
b. Shoivlmni, Vt., 1809. Removed to Mi. Ver- 
non, Ohio, in 1817 ; was adm. to the bar in 
1831, and became eminent ai an advocate and 
criminal lawyer; M. C. 1845-7 and 1865-9; 
coiumis.-gen." of Ohio, 1801 ; ineiuber Ohio 
lej;isl. 18G4 ; engaged extensively in agriculture 
and in banking; eommis.^ioner of U. S. inter, 
rev., Mar. 1869-Oci. 1870; and succeeded .1. 
D. Cox as secretary of liicinterior in Oct. 1870. 

Delapiaine '.i.-i-.i; author of " De 



of cien. Wood hull, who surrendered to him, on laplaine^s Repository of the Lives and Por- 



this occasion, was inhuman. He promised to 
protect liim ; but his men murdered hiui. He 
wius at White Plains, Fort Wasliingtou, in the 
Jersevs, in the attack on Red Bank, at White 
Marsii, and at Monmouth. Dep. q m.gen. 
during the siego of Charleston, and in several 
e.\peds. under Cornwallis, to whom, on the re- 
turn of the army to X. York, he became a.-d.-c. 
In 1781, he succeeded Andre' as adj.-gen. On 
his return to Eng., he umicrtook the arrange- 
ment of loyalist claims, and was placed at the 
head of a commission for settling all army ac- 



traits of Disiiiig. Americans," 2 vols., 4to; d. 
Phila., Mav31, 1824. 

Delaware, Thomas WiiST, Lord, gov. 
of Va. ; d. June 7, 1618, on his second voyage 
thither, "in or near the mouth ot the bay which 
bears his name. ' He succeeded lo his father's 
title Mar. 24, 1602. lie lamlcd at Jamestown, 
Mav 23, ICIO, and succeeded Sir Thos. Gates, 
under the charter of May 23, 1609. In March, 
1611, after having built 3 forts, and regulated 
the affairs of the Colony, he returned to Eng. 
He contiuncd to take a dec)) interest in the con- 



counts during the Amer. war. Ue was removed cerns ot the Colony, which he was at great 

from the office of barrack-master on the dis- expense to establish. Ihe • Relation ot the 

covery of a great defalcation in his accounts, planting ot his colony, London, IbU, was 

M. P. for Maidstone, 1796. Author of a pam- reprinted in 18d8. 

phlet entitled " Considerations on the Propri- X>eliniers (dch-le -neair ) J.vCQUBS As- 

cty of Imposing Taxes on the British Colo- toine JlAK'E,.viccroy_ot Buenos A^tcs, b. 
■ L'lndon, 1766. 



De Lancey, Stkphen, lovalist, b. N. Y. ; 
d. I'ortsm.Mitli, X.ll.. Dec. 3," 1798. Son of 
Peter. Clerk of the city and county of Albany 
in 1765. .Member of the council in 1776, and 
was lieut.-col. 1st batt. N.J. vols, in 1782. Ue 
was afterward chief-justice of the Bahamas, 
and gov. of Tobago. He m. a dan. of Rev. 
H. Barclav of TriViitv Church, N.Y. A son, 
Sir \Vm."H. De L., was aide to Wellington, 
and was killeil at Waterloo. 

De Lancey, W I LLi.vM Hkathcote,D.D., 

D.C.L., Pr.Ep. bishop of Western N. Y., b. 
Mamaroneck, N.Y., Oct. 8, 1797; d. Geneva, 
N.Y., Apr. 5, 1865. Y. 0. 1S17. He studied 
theology under Bishop Uobart ; ord. deacon in 



Niort, Erance, Feb. 6, 1756; shot at Buenos 
Ayres, Aug. 10, 1810. A capt. in the Spanish 
navv, he was sent on a mission to S. Amer. at 
a time when Spain and Eng. were at war, and 
an English armaiuent had (July 2, 1806) cap- 
tured Buenos A\ res. Delinicrs, who was at 
Montevideo, assembled the militia of the coun- 
try, attacked the place, and, after an obstinate 
resistance, forced it to eapitulatc{ Aug. 12,1807). 
He was at once made viceroy, and, in the lol- 
lowing vear, sustained a liercc attack from the 
English, under Whiieloeke and Auchmuty, 
whom he defeated, and compelled to evacuate 
the country. This victory crowned the repu- 
tation of Delinicrs, who received from the king 
of Spain the grade of hriijadier des arm&s. 



1819 and priest in 1822; soon after became The Spanish-junta in 1810 scut a new viceroy 

'"*■-"■ ' ■ .. - „ Cisueros, and conferred on DeUmers the title of 

Count de Buenos Ayres." The revolutionist 



assist, of Bishop White of Phila., in the 3 
churches of which he was rector, and in 1823 
became one of the regular assistant ministers 
of those churches. He was annuallv chosen 
sec. of the diocesan convention of la. from 
182.") to 1830, and was sec. of the house of 
bishops fi-oili 1823 lo 1829. He was provost 
ot the U. of Pa. from 1828 to 1833 ; travelled 
ill Europe in 1835, and on his return, after the 
death of Bishop White, succeeded to the rec- 



liaving speedily set aside the new viceroy, De- 
linicrs, de-irous of re-establishing the royal au- 
thority, assembled a tbrce of 2,000 men, with 
which he blocka.led Buenos Ayres ; but his fee- 
ble force was dis()crscd by the revoliitionists, 
and he himself, with other royalist chiefs, was 
taken and shot. — Nouv. Bioij. Gen. 

Demers, Rev. M., so years a teacher in the 
Sem. of Quebec, b. St. Nicholas, Co. of Levis, 



t .r<l,in i.f St. Peter's In 1838 Dr De Lan- Sem. of Quebec, b. St. Mcholas, Lo. ot i^cms, 
c^rt chosen firJt bishop oniie new diocese 1774 ; d.llay 17, 1853. He did tiiuch to pr^ 

of We tcrn N. Y., and was conscc. May 9, 1839. mote the study o. natura P''''"'"!-''-^' ""'^.'t'* 
- ■ . . .. tor the linearis, and, m I 83j, pub., at Quebec, 

" Instiruliones Phihsopliiae." 

DeniO, HinAM, judge, b. Rome, N.Y., 1799. 
Jud.'eof tiie NY. Court of Appe.ils ; resides 
at Utica. Has ptib. " Rcporis of the Sup. 
Court of NY. 1845-8," 5 vols.; " Revised Stat- 
utes of N.Y.," 4th cd., 2 vols., 1852, by Dcuio 



The Hobart free college at Geneva was chie8y 
indebted to his efficient cftbrts for its support. 
Ill 1852, he was a delegate to Eng. tVoin the 
Eliiscopal bishops of the U. S. He was one of 
the leaders of the lligh-Cluiich party. D.C.L. 
of the U. of Oxford. 1852; D.D. of Y. C, 
1828 ; and LL.D. of Un. Coll., 1847. 
Delano, Capt. Amasa, traveller, b. Dux- 



and Wm. Tracey. — AUiMite. 



264 



DKP 



Denis, Nicolas, a native of Tours, wiis 
gov.-lii-iit.-(jon. for the kill); of France, and pro- 
prietor uf a purl of Aciuliii ami Caiuulii. Huv- 
inj; olilaincil a i;rant of (he connlrv uxtcndin;; 
from Cape Canccaiix to (jas|x!, he came to 
AiniT. in I6.')2. iiut was ulili;.'cd, after making 
important cittalilishinent^, to snsuiin a con- 
liiiucdand vexatious warfare of tcrriloriulri{;lil9 
with liiscounirymen ; and aconHa','ration com- 
pleted his ruin. Denis, on ruturiiiii); to I'rancc, 
after a sojourn of 40 years in America, duriu;; 
which he had visited most of the Flench pos- 
sessions, pub. the result of hi< observations 
under the title, " Disnyilioii (j^/rtiphii/ae et 
Hisloriwip Hes Culgsile I ' Anifiiijue Sejit'ntrionale 
accc I 'llUtolif Xilinelle de ce Pays," Paris, 1 672, 
2 vols. — /y/o/. (7,ilorrsM: 

Donison, Charles Wiiki>ler, b. Ct. 

isi)9. Authoiiil " Ainericaii Villai;eand other 
Poems.'" (.'oiilrih. to the Knirlerlfocier and 
Other inaL's. ami journals. — Allllioiie. 

DeniSOD, Daniel, maj.-L'cn., b.Kns., 161.1 ; 
d. Ip-wieh, .Ms., Sepr. 20, 1682. Son of Wil- 
liam of Hoxburv. Came to New En;;, ub. IG.'Il ; 
removed from Caml>rid;;e lo Ipswich in 1635; 
was tlic military leader of tliat lown ; comrais- 
bioner to treat with the French commander 
D'Aulny at Penobscot, in 1646 and in I6.">3, 
and 9ubse(|iiently was 10 years major-gim. of 
the Colony. He represented Ipswich several 
years in the General Court ; was speaker of the 
liousc in 1649 ami 16.^1-2; sec. of the Colony 
in 1653 ; jnsiice of the Quarterly Court, 1658'; 
commissioner of the Uriiicd Co!onies,165.>-62 ; 
assist. 1653-82. His public einployinents were 
numerous, and his services very important. In 
1684 was printed his " Ireiiicon ; or. Salve for 
New Eni;land's Sore." His dau. Elizabeth 
married Pres. l{o;;ers of H U. App. com. in- 
chief of the .Ms. forces in June. 1675. but was 
prevented bv sickness from takiii,' the Held in 
the Indian war. — N.I-:.//, urn/ (•'./{. v., 140. 

Denison, .Mara' Andrews, b. CainbiidBC, 
Ms., 1S26 (Mrs.C. W. I).). Author of " Homo 
Pictures," " What Not ! " " Canie Hamilton," 
" Gracie Amlwr," " Old Hepsey, a Talc of the 
South," N.Y., 12ino, 1853. Cimtrib. to many 
of the Icadiii;; journals. 

Dennie,-IusEPii, journalist, b Boston, Ms., 
Auj;. .jii. 1768 ; d. Pliila., Jan. 7,4812. II U. 
1790. He SI udied law, and practised at Wul- 
pole, N.II., but so<m adopted the literary career, 
navintr ac(|uii'cd some rcpntaiion by newspaper 
contributions under the title of " The Fariiiy;o." 
He pu'). at Boston, in 1795, the 7'ciW>7, weekly, 
and edited the /ormfr's .\/ii.iiiiih, at Walpolc, in 
1796— 9, in which the |>opular es«iys of " The 
Lay Preachir " first appeared. In Sept. 1799, 
he went to Pliila. as clerk in the office of Mr. 
Pickering, sec. of State. In 1800, after editing 
a while the (J. S. Giuelle, he began the Port- 
folio, to which the rest of his life was devotcNl, 
under the iiom ih /Jmne of " Oliver Olilschool." 
This, while in its prime, was the first literary 
journal of the country. In 1803, he was in- 
dicted for a llliel against th^ Feder il Govt. pub. 
in his journal, but was acquitted. Dennie's 
convivial tastes led him lo form the " Tuesday 
Club," a social gathering of the wit and genius 
of Phila He was remarkable for originality, 
and lor delicacy of thouj^ht and lanj^uajjo. 



'' DenniSOn, William, politician, b. Cin- 
cinnati, Nov. 23, 1815. .Miami U. 1835. Adm. 
to the bar in 1840; practise)! at Colnmbus 
until 1848; niemlwr of^the O. legisl. 1848-5U; 
pres. of the Exchange Kank.and of the Colum- 
bus ami Xenia Railroad Co.; in 1856, delegate 
to the Pittsburg convention which inaugurated 
the Hepub. party, and also lo the I'hila. con- 
vention ; gov. uf Ohio, 1860-2, and diil much 
to orguniisu the vols, against the Iteliellion ; 
chairman of the Ohio conveniion of 1862 ; dele- 
gate and pres. of the IJaliiniore convention of 
1864 ; U.S. postmaster-gen. OcL 1864 to July, 
1866. 

Denonville, Jacqies Rene i>e Brisat, 
Manpii- de, g..v. ol Canada in 168.'>-9 ; was a 
brave ollieer. but, by imt following up a victory 
he had gained over the Irof|uoi>, inspired llicin 
with conlcnipt, and by kidnapping a nuinlier 
of ihcir chief-, and .sending them to France lo 
work at the talleys, at a lime when tliey were 
on a peaceful mission to himsiir, excited a 
hatred against the French, only lerminaieil by 
the frightful "Massacre of Lichine." — J/or- 
gtm. 

Dent, John Herbert, capt. U.S.N., b. 
Md.,1782; d. Julv3I, 1823, St. Bartholomew's 
Parish. S.C. Midsliipin. .March 16, 1798, , 
iinderTruxton, in the frigate " Constellation," 
and was in her when she capiureil ihc French 
frigaie " iTisnrgente," Feb. 1, 1799. Lieut. 
July 11, 1799, be was in the same ship wlicn 
she took the French frigate " La Vengeance," 
Feb. I, 1800. He com. the schooners " Nauti- 
lus " ond " Scourge," in Preble's squadron, 
during the Tripolitan war, and participated in 
the several attacks upon that city and harbor 
in 1804. Master com. Sept. 5,' 1804; capC. 
Dec. 29, I SI I. 

Denton, Daniel, auihorof " A Brief De- 
scription of New York,"4to, l.ond..lC70. repr. 
in N.Y. in I.s45, with nuTc- by Gabriel Furinan. 
Son of l.'iihard Presb. miu. of Hempstead, L.l. 

Denton, Wilhaji, poet, teacher, and lec- 
turer, b. D.irlingion, Durham Co., Eng., 1823. 
Ue received his edueaiion in Eng., emigrated 
to the U.S. after attaining mjinhood, uud in 
1856 pub. at Dayton " Poems for Reformers." 
— Poets iiiid Poeliy of the W'isl. 

Denver, James W., poliiician, b. Win- 
chester, Va., 1818. He cmigr.itcd in child- 
hood with his parents to Ohio, a-nlovcd to .Mo. 
in 1841. and taught school and studied law 
there ; was app. capt. 12tli Inf , March 5, 1847 J 
left ihe ser>'ice at the end of the Mexican war, 
July25, 1848; cnii^'. toCal.in 1850; was chosen 
State senator in .March, 1852; Aug. 2, 1852, 
killed -Mr. Eilward Gilliert, near Sun Francisco, 
in a duel with rifies at 40 paces ; in Feb. 1853 
was app. sec. of State; M C. 1855-7; Mar. 
4, 1857, was app. bv Pres. Buchanan commis- 
sioner of Indian iilTairs, but resigned, ami wa« 
made gov. of Kansas after the resi;;nalion of 
R. J Wiilker ; resi'.:ning this jmst in Nov. 1858, 
he was re-app. commissioner of Indian affairs, 
whi h he held till .Mar. 1859. Made l.rig.gen. 
Aug. 14. IXOI, he served in the Western Stales; 
resigned Min-!i 5.1863; ilelegaW to the 
Clevelaml SoMicr's Convention in 1866, and 
settleil in Washington, DC. as an atlorncy. 

De Peyster (de pis'-ter), Auraham, an 



DEP 



265 



r>ER 



eminent meichant and citizen of New York, 
eldest son of Juliannes, b New York, July 8, 
1058 ; d. ihere An;;. 10, 1728. He was mayor 
of N.Y. btween 1691 and 1695; was subse- 
quently chief-justice of the province, and pres. 
of the kin;i,''s council, in which latter capaci- 
ty, in 17(11, lie acted as col. gov. He was also 
col. of the forces of the city and county of N. 
Y., and ticasnrcr of N.Y. and N.J. He wa? 
the intimate friend and corresp. of I'enn and 
of the col. jrov., the Earl of Bellomont. His 
mansion in I'earl St., once the headquarters of 
Wasliiii'.xtori, stooil until 1856. 

De Peyster, Johannes, an early settler of 
New Amsieidaiii, now New York, b. Haarlem, 
Hoi.; d. New York, ab. 1685. Of Huguenot 
descent. He h.ld many offices of trust and 
honor under Dntch and English colonial rule. 
During the siiort period in 1673-4 in which 
the Dutch recovered possession of the province, 
he took a prominent part in the conduct of 
public atf.iirs. He w.is subsequently, at differ- 
ent times, aldcnnan, deputy mayor, and mayor. 
— A/'itlfto.i. 

De Peyster, John- Watts, of Rose Hill, 
Tivoli, N.Y., brig. gun. M.E.S., N.Y., b. N.Y. 
City, 9 Mar. 1821. Principal contrib. to tlio 
i'c/aiVfKr, a milit. jour., 1853-4; and its editor 
1854-8; priva'tely printed " Life of L. Tor- 
stenscn," 8vo, 1855 ; " The Dutch at the North 
Pole and the Dutch in Maine," liruo, 1857 ; 
"Earlv Settlement of Acadie bv the Dutch," 
Svo, 1858 ; " The Dutch Battle of the Baltic," 
8vo, 1858; "Hist, of Caiausius," 8vo, 1853 ; 
" The Ancient, Jlediajval, and Modern Xethei- 
landers,' Svo, 1859; " Winter Campaigns the 
Test of Generalship," Svo, 1862 ; " Practical 
Strategy," Svo, 1863 ; "Secession in Switzer- 
land and in the U S. compared," Svo, 1864; 
" Decisive Conliictsof the late Civil War," 1808. 
Gen. De P has prepared a genealogy of his 
family, and has pub. some pamphlets on mili- 
tary and religions subjects. — Alliboite. 

Derbigny, Peter, gov. of La. from 1828 
until his death, Oct. 6, 1829. App. in 1820, 
with Livingston and Morean, to revise the law.s 
of La. 

Derby, Ei.ias Hasket, merchant, h. Sa- 
hm, Ms.. Aug. 16, 1739; d. there Sept. 8, 
17'.'9. His father, Capt. Kicliard (1712-83), 
was a successful shipmaster and merchant of 
Salem, a member of the Gen. Court, 1 769-73, 
of the council, 1774-7. His bro. John was an 
owner of the ship " Columbia," which discov- 
ered the Columbia liiver. By a remarkable 
concurrence of events, he carried to England 
the first news of the battle of Lexington, and, 
at the close of the war, bore home from France 
the first news of peace. Elias, engaging exten- 
sively in liusiness, owned, at the commencement 
of the Hevol., 7 ships in the W. India trade. 
The war ruined Amer. commerce; and Mr. Der- 
by, nniiiiig wiili his townsmen, aided in the 
equipment of 158 armed vessels fitted out 
from Salem, many of which, were successful, 
at least 445 vessels being captured from 
the enemy. Appreciating the importance of 
speed, Mr. Derby built shipyards, studied naval 
architecture, and built n class of vessels superi- 
or in size model, and speed to any previously 
launched iu the Colonies. He opened Ameri- 



can trade to St. Petersburg in 1784, and to 
Canton and Calcutta soon afterward. — Uunl's 
Mirdiants. 

Derby, Gen. Elias Hasket, merchant, b. 
Salem, Jan. 10, 1766 ; d. Londouderrv, N.H., 
Sept. 16, 1826. One of the founders of the In- 
dia trade, first importer of Merino sheep, and 
began the manuf. of American broadeloih dur- 
ing the War of 1812. Reed, an hoii. degree 
from H.U. in 1803. 

Derby, Elias Hasket, lawyer, b. Salem, 
Ms., 24 Sept. 1803. H.U. 1824. " Son of Gen. 
E H. Derby. He studied law under Daniel 
Webster, began practice in Boston in 1S27, 
and attained distinction in railway cases. He 
has been pres. of the Old Colony U. R. Co., 
h;>R been active in promoting the commercial 
interests of Boston, and was earnest and zeal- 
ous in his efforts to secure the construction of 
irori-elads during the civil war. Besides con- 
tribs. to the Edinhnr'jh RevieiVf the Atlantic 
Mtmilili/, &c., he is the author of " Two 
Month's Abroad," 1844; "The Catholic," 
" The Overland Route to t)ie Pacific," and 
many reports on the " Fisheries," the " British 
Provinces," &e., written while U.S. commis- 
sioner. 

Derby, George H., capt. U. S. topog. 
engrs., b. Norfolk Co., .Ms., 1824 ; d. insane in 
N.Y. City, May 15, 1801. West Point, 1846. 
Descendant of E. II. Derby, merchant of 
Salem. Severely wounddl at Cerro Gordo, 
and brev. for gallantry. Afterward stationed 
in Cal., where he produced those humorous 
jiapers, since pub. under the title " Phcenix- 
iana," the success of which has encouraged a 
multitude of imitators. After hi^ death, some 
of his other pieces were pub., entitled " The 
Squibob Papers." Employed by govt, in erect- 
ing lighthouses on the coasts of Fla. and Ala., 
he received a sunstroke, which resulted in a 
softening of the brain. Capt. top. engrs. 1 
July, 1860. 

De Ros, John Feed. Fitzoeralr, nar- 
adm. (1857) British navy, b. 1804; d. June 
19, 1861. Author of " Travels in the U.S. in 
1826."- 

De Russy, Lewis G., engineer, b. N.Y. ; 
d. La., Sept. 1865. West Pouit, 1814. En- 
tering the 1st Art., he became capt. 3d Art., 
11 Dec. 1S25; paymaster and maj. 21 Sept. 
1826; was dropped from the army register in 
1842; col. 1st La. Vols, during the Mexican 
war, 1846-8; planter at Natchitoches, La., 
1848-61, and civil engineer; member of the 
house, 1851-3, and of the .senate of La., 185.3- 
5; maj.-gen. La. militia, 1848-61. Joined 
the Rebellion against the U.S. — Cultum. 

DeRussy, Rene Edward, col. enirs. 
U.S.A., b. N.Y. City, 1791 ; d. San Francisco, 
Nov. 26, 1865. West Point, 1812. Son of 
Thos. of St. Maloes, France, who came to 
N.Y. in 1791, and long resided at Old Point 
Comfort, Va. Brev capt., Sept. 11, 1814, for 
gallant conduct at the battle of Platisburg; 
chicf-eniir. of Macomb's army in 1814; capt. 
9 Feb. 1815; brev. maj. Sept! 11, 1824; supt. 
Milit. Acad. froi:i July, 1833 to Sept. 1838; 
lieut.-col. engrs. Dec. 7, IS-'JS; col. .March 3, 
1863; brev. brig.-gen. U.S..\. 13 Mar. 1805 
At the breaking-out of the war in 1801, hi 



266 



x>e:s 



was onlcred to the dcfi-nco of tlio Pmific 
const. Two sons, (iusinvus uiiil Joliii, cnid. 
West I'uiiit ; the liirmor was a l)ri:,'.-:a'"- Ij.S. 
vols., ami lircv. col. U.S.A., for pillunt eon- 
diiit ill till' rivil Hiir, niiJ is now (ISC'J) ranj. 
3.1 l".S. .\ri. 

Desandrouins, Vicomtp, a Firnc-li oii";!- 
nciT, li. iJec. 12, 1740. Ai'c-oiiip. Modtculin 
to Canada in Mny, 1 75ii, a-s a rapt royal cn^i- 
ncvr.s, lH:uiine his aiilu and iniliutry sec., and 
was disiin;;. in ibv defciii'c of 'J'lcond>.'ro;{a 
and in the 8ul>siH|ni'iit operations in Cunad.i. 
Chief<-ngr. in R'lelianibeaii's army in the U.S. 
in I78()-.| ; inaU^- lirii; of inf., UeC. 5. 1781, 
mill r/iiff </c liiiiiiule of tlic cii;;r. corps. In 
17^9, he was a rliev. of Malta, and n niemherof 
the National Asseinlily from Calais and Arilres. 

Desaussurei Mknrv W., chancellor of 
S.C, ltf()S-.17 ; .1. Charleston, S.i;., .March 29, 
I83'J, a. 7j. In the Ucvol. war, he bore arms 
in defence of Charleston, and, alter theori.'ani- 
zation of the U.S. Govt., was app. by WiLsh- 
in<_'ton director of the mint. After rillin;; the 
office a short time, he returned to Charleston, 
resumetl the practice of law, and soon rose 
to eminence in his profe..ision. He pub. 4 vols. 
of Kipiity Heports, which contain the early 
decisions of the Kquity Court of S.C. ; Oration 
4 July, 179,-i, beloi-e the S. C. Hist. Soc. 

Des BarreSjJosEiMi Fui^deric Wallet, 
BoMicr and hy<li'<i;;i'apher. I>. 1722 ; d. Ilalilas, 
N.S., Oct. 24' \»>\, a. 102. lie received his ed- 
ucation uiidcr the Ucniouillis ; entered the liov- 
al Milit. Coll. at Woolnidi ; cmlwrked in Mar., 
1756, as a licut. in the (joth re;;t. for Amer , 
where, bavin:; raised 'iOD reirnits in I'a. and 
Mil., be formed them into a corps of lii'ld ar- 
tdlcry, which he for a while com. In 17.")7, he 
led nn c.\|>cd. a;;.iin.st the Imllans who bad at- 
tacked Schenectady, surprised and captured 
the chiefs, and brou^dit them over to be useful 
allies to the army. He dLsting. himself as nn 
cniir. in the siei.'C of Louishuri;, in 175S; was 
aide-de-camp lo Wolfe, to whom he was mak- 
ing a report when he tell, dyin;; in his arms, 
anil conducted the subsequent cn|.;iiiceriii<;o|>- 
emtions, includinir the reduction of Fort 
Jacques Canier, and other stronj; places, which 
completed the conquest of Canada. In 1762, 
he wa- directinp cngr. and qunricrm.-Ken. in 
the c.Y|K:d. for retakin.; Newfoundland, and was 
publicly thanked for his services. From 176.3 
to 1773, he was cnjra^'cd in sur\-eyinj5 the coast 
of Nova Scotia. Kcturnins; to Kn;;. in 1774, 
he received the commendation of the king for 
the manner in which this dutv had been jier- 
formed. Selected by Karl ifowc to prepare 
charts of the .V. A. coast, he adapted the sur- 
veys of Holland, De Brabni, and others, to 
nautical purposes; pub. in 1777 " The Atlantic 
Keptnnc," in 2 lar^e tolios. In 1784, be was 
made \iOx. of Cape ISreton, with the militarv 
com. of that and of I'rinco Kdwnrd's Islami, 
and soon after liei-an the town of Sydney, and 
0|icned and worked the valuable coaltields at 
the entrance of the river. In 1 8t>4, ho was app. 
lieul.-.'ov. andeoin -in-ibiefof I'rince Edward's 
I-laad. beini; then in his 82d year. He was 
Capt. Cook's teiiclier in navipiiion. He pub. 
" Ca[«c IJn-ton." Umd., 8vo, 1804, privately 
printol, and sujiprcssed. 



Descbamps, Isaac, rhief-justice of N.S. 
from 178J t6 his d., Au);. 11, 1801, a. 78. Of 
Swiss extraction. He came in early life to Nova 
Scotia ; was aclerk at Fort Edwanl ( Wimlsor) 
in 1754, and aided in .suppressini; the turbu- 
lence of the Acadian French in that yc<ir; 
memlwr of the assembly in 1761, and justice 
of C.C.F. for Kinj^s Co. ; jud-e of P!E. Island 
in 1768; and n jud);e of the .Supremo Court 
of N.S , 1770-85; clerk of the assembly in 
1772 ; app. counsellor, Oct. 6, 178.1. 

Desha. Joklpu, soldier and statesman, b. 
Pa., Oec. 9, 1768; d. Ueor;;utown, Ky , Oct. 
11, 1842. Emi;;ratin); to Ky. in 1781, he 
served as a vol. in the cx|>ed. u;.;ainst the Indi- 
ans under (jcn. Wayne in 1794-5; represent- 
ed Macon Co. one term in the State letjisl.; 
fon^'ht at the battle of the Thames as a inaj.- 
(;en.; was M.C. in 1807-19, and gov. of ky. 
from 1S24 to 1828. 

Desha, Gi^n. IIouekt, bro. of Joseph, a 
prominent merchant of Mobile, and >I C. 
from Tenn. from 1827 to li-il ; d. Mobile, 
Feb. 8, 1849; capt. 24th Inf., Mar. 12, 1812; 
brev. maj. tor jiallant conduct in attemiit to 
rc«'aplure Fort Mackinac, Aug. 4, 1814 ; urig,- 
maj. O.t. 1814. 

De Soto, Fernando, discoverer of the 
Mpi., b. Xeres, Ksiremadiira. Spain, ab. 1500; 
d. June 5, l.~i42.on the banks of the .Mpi. Of 1 
noble but impoverished familv, be was enabled 
by Pedrarias Davila to s|>eni! i^everal years at 
a univeisiiy, and became proficient in literary 
and kiii;;!itly accomplishments. In 1519, be 
accorap. Oavila, gov. of l)arieii,to Amer, and 
opiKjsed bis oppressive adminisiratiun. Quit- 
ting his patron, he, in 1528, c.\ploiX' I th.' coast 
of Guatemala and Yucatan for 700 miles, in 
search of the strait which was suppoed to 
connect the two oceans. He a conip. Pi7.arrn 
to Peru, under the promise of biting his second 
in coin., in 15.32, and was sent by l'i?.arro as 
ambassador to the inca Alabualpa. He wis 
the hero of the battle which ivsulteil in the 
capture of Cn/.co, the metropolis ; soon after, 
returned to Spain wit i a fonuiie, met a flatter- 
in.; reception from Charles V'., and m. the dau. 
of Davila. In the belief that Florida was a 
new Kl Dorado, richer than any that had been 
discovered, ho nndi'ilook its conquest at bis 
own expense. He sailed from San Lucas carlr 
in Apr.1 .538. with 600 men ; reached the bay of 
Spiriiu Santo (Tampa Biy), May 2;>, 1539, 
and passed the first winter in the euuntry of 
the Appalarhians, E. of the Flint Kiver Oct. 
18. 1 540, he fou<.:ht a san;;uinary battle wlrb tbo 
Indians at Mavilla, or Mobile on the Alabaini. 
Soon after beginning his nnirch to the N.W,, 
in the following spring, a pestilential fever 
carried olf nearly a score of his men. Ho 
reached the Mpi. after journeying seven days 
through a wilderness ol forests and tnarsbes; 
cro-scd it. and manbed N.W. to the highlands 
of the White Kiver ; then procei'deil South, and 
wintered on tbo Washita. While vaiiilv at- 
tempting to descend the Iwnks of the Mpi., 
through the Imyoiis and marshes, he was at- 
tacked with a malignant lover, and d. To con- 
ceal his death. Iii« Imdy was wnippeil in a man- 
tle, and at midni.;ht was silently sunk in the 
luidiUe of the stream. Uc h.id ciMsscd a large 



IDES 



267 



UEV 



part of the continent in search of gold, and 
"found nothing so remarkable as his liurial- 
phicc." A history of his life and travels, by 
L. A. Wiinur, was pub. at Phiia. in 1858. 

Despard, Jons, a Brit, sen., b. 1745 ; d. 
Sept. ■■i. ISL'9. Ensipn 12th Foot, 1760 ; lieut. 
1762 ; capt. Mar. 1777; maj. June, 1788 ; lieut.- 
col. Julv, 1791; rol. Aug. 1795; maj.-gen. 
1798; I'ieui.-gcu. 1805; gen. 18U. He served 
in Germany ; came with the royal fusileers to 
Quebec in JIar. 1773, and was taken prisoner 
at St. John's, Nov. 1775; exchanged Dec. 
1776 ; joined the army in N.Y., and was at the 
capture of Kort Jlontgomery. In June, 1778, 
he was made maj. of a corps raised by Lord 
Kawdon ; in Dec. 1779, dep. ailj.-gcn., and was 
at the capture of Charleston, anil in the cam- 
paigns of Cornwalli.s, ending wiih the surrender 
at Yorktowu. He suliseqiiently served on the 
staff' of the army ; 7 years gov. of Cape Breton. 
He was in 24 engagements, and was 3 times 
shipwrecked. — Pliitijm-t. 

Desprez-Crassier (da'-pra' kms'-sea), 

Jeax KritNXE Phii.ihert, a French gen., b. 
Crasjier, J.in. 18, 173.3 ; d: Ornex, al). 18IW. 
Entering the .-enice as a cadet in 1745, he be- 
came a capt. in 1757 in the regt. Royal Ueux- 
ponis, wliich was employed in Germany until 
the peace of 1763. \Viih the grade of lieut.- 
col. in the same corps, he (ought (under the 
orders of Prince Maximilian, since king of 
Bavaria) in the Amcr. war. He distiu'_'. him- 
self particularly at Yorktown, where his brave 
regt , having captured two howitzer.?, obtained 
by the exploit the title of" Koyal," then so flat- 
tering, and the still more extraordinary distinc- 
tion of bringing with it in its marches the two 
pieces of artillery which it had won. ilnr€- 
chal-ile-cnmj) in 1791 ; lieut. -gen. in Sept. 1792; 
he took com. of the a^lvanced guard of the 
army of the centre, which repulsed the Prus- 
sians at the camp of La Lnne. Suspended as 
a nobleman in 1793, he was restored, and em- 
ployed succe.-sively in the army of Italy, the 
Pvreni'cs, and of the Rhine, but was deprived 
of coniniMiid.Oct. 26, 1795.— .Vrwc. Bm:. Gen. 
Dessalines (da'-sa'-lcn') Jean Jacques, 
emperor of Hayti, b. ab. 1760; killed Oct. 17, 
1806. Brought when young to Cai)e Francois, 
he was ])Urchased by a black projnietor named 
Dessalines. Taking the name of bis tnasier, 
he served him until 1791, when he joined the 
bands of Biiisson. Subsequently joining Tous- 
s.ain t L'Ouverture, he rose to high rank, display- 
ing his bravery and also hi-i ferocity. Upon 
the arrival of the French cxped. under Leclere, 
in 1802, he occupied the dept. of the south ami 
west, conducting a bloody guerilla war against 
the French, and submitted to that gen. after 
the affiiir of Crftf-it-Pierrot. He atfected much 
zeal for the French, fought the insurgents, 
and treated the vanquished negroes with the 
same cruelly he had before shown the whites. 
But, when he saw the army decimated by the 
yellow-fever, he joined the blacks, and became 
their com. -in-chief. He gained a victory over 
Gen. Hochambeau. whom he forced toevacuate 
the isle, and made his entry at the Cape. Oct. 
30, 18a3. The people of Hayti proclaimed 
their independence Jan. 1,1804. and naTneil IJes- 
salines gov. -gen., who, in retaliation for the 



cruelties exercised by Rochambeau upon the 
blacks, Invited them to a general massacre of 
the wliites. He was crowned Dee. 8, 1804, 
under the name of Jean Jacques First. Feb. 
16, 1805, he raaivhed against St. Domingo; but 
the arrival of a French squaiiron with 4,000 
troops obliged him to raise the siege with great 
loss. On his return, he occupied himself in lay- 
insr down the constitutional bases of his govt., 
which were ])romulgated the 20th of May. His 
despotism and cruelty caused an insurrection 
Oct. 14, 1806. Directing his course to the 
south, m order to repress it, he fell into an am- 
buscade near Port au Prince, where he lost his 
life. 

De Trobriand, PhilipRegis, brev.brig.- 
gen. U.S.A., b. France. Col. o5th N.Y. vols., 
Aug. 1861 ; engaged at Yorktown and Wil- 
liamsburg, Va. ; com. brigade at Fredericks- 
burg, Chanccllorsville, Gettysburg, Manassas 
Gap, Auburn and Kelly's Ford ; brig.-gen. U. 
S. vols. Jan. 5, 1864 ; coin. brig. 2d corps, Army 
of the Potomac at Deep Bottom ; assault of 
Petersburg, Jerusalem Road, Peebles's Farm, 
Boydtowu Road, raid to Hick's Ford on the 
Wcldon Railroad ; battles o( Hatcher's Run 
and Five Forks, and com. a division in the 
Ojjerations ending in Lee's surrender. Brev. 
maj.-gen. of vols, and brig.-gen U. S A. for 
gallant services in the war ; col. 31st U.S. Inf., 
July, 1866; now (1871), col. 12th U. S. Inf. 
Author of " Q'laire Ans de Campaynes de I'Ar- 
me'- dit Poioiitac." — Meitnj. 

Deuxponts, Christian and Whmam, 
Counts DE FoRBACU DES, respectively col. and 
lieut.-col.,of the regt. of that naine ; served in 
the army of Rochambeau in Amcr. in 1780-3. 
Christian, b. Deuxponts, Bavaria, 20 Oct. 
1752; became col. in 1775; disting. at Y^ork- 
town ; com. the Bavarian corps at Ilohenlin- 
den in 1800, with such distinction as to merit 
the grand cross of the order of Maximilian 
Joseph. Wii-LiAJi, b. 18 Jime, 1754; d. 16 
years before his bro. Licut.-col. Oct. 2, 1779; 
wounded in the attack on the redoulit at York- 
town, on the night of Oct. 14, 1781 ; for his 
gallantry on this occasion was made by the 
King of France a chev. of the military order 
of St Louis. He was afterward com. of the 
Palace Guard, a post of honor at the Bavarian 
court. A journal of his campaigns in Amer., 
edited by Dr. S. A. Green, was pub. Boston, 
8vo. 1868. 

De Vere, Maximilian Schele, LL.D., 
prof, of modern languages and belles-lettres in 
the U. of Va., b. near Wexio, Sweden, Nov. 1, 
1820. He first entered the military and after- 
ward the diplomatic service of Prii.ssia. Emi- 
grating to the U.S., he was app. prof, in 1844. 
His contribs. upon a great variety of subjects, 
historical, literary, and scientific, have appeared 
in the British Qimrterly Revipui, the ■'^oal/iern 
Lili:mri/ Messenijer, Putnam's and Harper's 
M(i;i<izi)ies, &c. He pub. in 1853 " Outlines 
of Comparative Philology." in 1856 " Stray 
Leaves from the Book of Nature," and "Stud- 
ies in English," " Glimpses of Europe in 
1848." 

Devine,TiiOMA8 C. brev. brig.-gen. U.S. A., 
b. N. Y. Lieut. col. 1st New York militia; 
capt. of mounted men in Va., July-(.)ct. 1861 ; 



UKW 



268 



Drew 



;oI. Bill X.Y. cnv. Nov. 1«61 ; lirij-ufn. voli. 
Oct. 1864 ; lii'iiL^col RelrU.S. cnv, .Inly, 1806. 
Kn<.^i|;cil nt .Suiitli .Moiiniiiin nml Krcli'iicks- 
biirc; com. lirijjiiclc of cuv. nt Cli.inccllurs- 
villc, UcttysbiirK, Kiippiiliiinnock Slaiiuii, and 
vnrioiiii titlicr cavalry actiunii ; in Slicriiiun's 
cav, cnni|ini^n at battlci of ToiM's Tavern, 
Sl>ottsylvnnia f.ll., Colil Uarl>or, Trcvillian's 
Station, anil lircv. I)ri'_'.-;rcn. vols , ami woiniilcd 
nt Front Hoynl ; cnjia^j^cd nt Dpci^uan. Fisher's 
Hill, and Cedar Creek : cum. division in Slicr- 
iilan's mill to Lynclibnr;; and in the opera- 
tions termlnalin;; in Lee's surrcniler; iirev. 
maj.-Ren. vols, lor {rnllant services in the war ; 
col. L'. S. A. for Fisher's Hill, and brii;.-|j;cn. 
for Sailor's Creek, Va. — /leiiri/'t Mil. liecord. 

Dew, Troma8 Uodkric, publicist, b. King 
and Qnocn Co., Va., Uec. 5, 1802; d. Paris, 
France. Auk G, 1846. Wm. and Mary Coll., 
1820. He studied law, travelled two years in the 
south of Europe, in 1827 w.is elected prof, of 
iu>litical economy, history, and niclapliysics in 
\\'m. and .Mary Coll., and in 18.16 was made 
pres. In 1829, he pub. his " Lectures on the 
Kestricfive System." Ilis essay on " Slavery " 
produced an extraordinary ctfect upon public 
opinion, and at the time set at rest the ques- 
tion of emancipation in Va. He also conirib. 
to the Soiitlinn Lit. M(s!wni]<r. His most clab- 
oralc work, pub. in N.Y. in 185.1, enliileil "A 
Digest of Ancient and Modern History," is a 
treatise on the history of the world, from the 
earliest a'^es to the first French Uevoluiion. In 
the summer of 1846, hem., and set out with his 
bride for a short Kiironean tour, but lived only 
to reach Paris. — .!/>/>/' /wi. 

Dewoes, Wilham Potts, M.D., phys- 
cian, 1). I'citis Grove, Pa., ilav .■), 1768 ;'d. 
Phila., May 20, 1841. Left fatherless in early 
life, and without the means of obtainiu); an 
education, he serveil some time with an a|)Otlie- 
cary, attendeil meilical lectures in the U. of 
Pa., and in 1789 commenced practice. He re- 
moved to Phila. in 179.'i; where he devoted him- 
self es|H-ciiilly to obstetrics, and soon acqidred 
a hitfli reputation in this ilept., upon which lie 
delivered lectures. In 1812, he relinquislicd 
practice on account of ill health, and ilevoleil 
the 5 ensuing years to farming at Phillipsburi:, 
Pa. He resumed practice in 1817, with jr'i^at 
success. In 182.'>, he was chosen prof, of mid- 
wifery in the U. of Pa., first as an assist., and 
in I8.'U as principal, but, bis health a<;aiii fail- 
ing him, he resigned in 1835. After spending 
one winter in Cuba, and the followinjr summer 
in the North, lie settled in Mobile. About « 
year before his death, he returned to Phila. In 
182.1, he pub. a vol. of occasional contrihs. to 
the medical journals; in 1825, his "Mid- 
wifery " and his treatise on " Children " 
" Diseases of Fcnnles " in 1826, and " Prac- 
tice of Medicine," 18.10. — Witliamt't Med. 

lii'rh 

Dewey, Cm.vrlks Aug.. LL.D. (H. U. 
1810) judi.'C Ms. Suii. Court. 18.17-66, b. Wil- 
liainsiowii, .Ms., 11 .VI ir. 17M; d. Norlliam|i- 
lon, Ms, 22 All);. 1866. Wms. Coll. 181 1. 
Son of JiidKe Daniel. He simlii'd law with 
Theo. Sedgewick ; practised in Williamsiown 
in 1814-26; removed to Northampton, and was 
U. S. dist.nltv in 1830-7. 



Dewey, CiiEHTRn, D.D. (Un. Coll. IR.18), 
M.D. (V.C. 1825). LL.D. (Wins. Coll. 1850), 
i.hvsician, b. Sheffield. Ms., Oct. 25. 1781 ; il. 
Uochester, N.Y., Dec. 15, 1867. Wms. Coll. 
1806. He studied for the ministry ; Ix'gan to 
preach iii 1808 at Tvringham. Ms.'; was aftcr- 
wani a tutor in Wms. Coll.; from 1810 to 
1826 was prof, of niath'inatics and natural 
philos. there ; from 1827 to 18.16 taught the 
gymnasium at Pillsficld wiili great success; 
was principal ofthe Collei:iaie Inst, at Kochcs- 
ler, N.V., Irom 1837 to 18.50 ; and from 1850 to 
1860 was iirof of chemistry and iiat. philos. in 
the new U. of Rochester. For many years, he 
was prof, of and lecturer on iKiiany anrl chein- 
istrv in the incd. colleges al PiltsHeld, Ms , and 
nt ^Vooilsiock, Vt. Ur. Dewey preached and 
tau'.'ht for more than 60 years. He was the 
author of " I<e|Kirts on the Herbaceous Plants 
of Ms.." and of many articles in scientific jour- 
nals, as well as the secular and religious press. 
His botanical pa|iers in the Amrrinin .loiirnal 
of Srieiice attracted the attention of the ablest 
Kurofican liotanists. 

Dewey, Daxiel, judge Ms. Sup. Court 
from 1814 to his d , 26 Mav, 181.5, b. Sheffield, 
Ms., 29 Jan. 1766. He settlwi in Williams- 
town in 1787 ; studied law umler Theo. Sedgo- 
wick, and attained high rank in the prof. ; was 
a member of the exec, council, and M. C. 
181.1-14. 

Dewey, Orvii.i.k, D D., LL.D., clergv- 
man. I.. Sheffield, Ms., Mar. 28, 1794. Wilis. 
Coll. 1814; Andover.Sem. 1819. He pri'acbed 
8 months as agent for the Education Society, 
anil at (llouccsier, Ms ; liecame a I'liiiarian ; 
soon after became an assist, of Dr. Channing, 
and was pastor of the Unit. Church in New 
Bedford from Dec. 17, 1823, until his first voy- 
age to Europe. June, 18.13. " The Old World 
anil the New," 1836, contains the account of 
his 2 years' visit. Nov. 26, 1835, he wits called 
to the 2d Unit. Church, N.V., which, during 
his ministry, built the Church of the Mes- 
siah. He was again abroad in 1842-4; but 
coniinncd ill health compelled him to wiihdrnw 
in 1848 to bis paternal farm in Sheffield. Here 
he pri'parcd a course of Icctiin's for the I.owcll 
Inslituie at Boston, on "The Problem of Hu- 
man Life and Destiny," delivered in the princi- 
pal cilies of the Union. This was folluwed, in 
1855, by another Lowell course on " The Edu- 
cation of the Human Ra<-e." .Meanwhile, he 
filled the Unit, pulpit in Albany one winter, 
and in Wasliiiii;ti>n two. In 1S58, he was again 
settled as a Unitarian pastorover the society, in 
Church Green, Boston, from which he retired 
in 1862. His first jiublication was "Letters on 
Revivals." While in New BedfonI, he conirib. 
much to the Chritliim JCTaiiiiiirr and the A'. .1. 
Jirrirtr. He pub. in 1835 a vol. of sermons. 
Ilis works have liecn collected and iiub. in 3 
vols., N. v., 1847, and were printed in Loud, 
in 1844 As a pulpit orator, he was eaniest, 
oriL'inal, and impressive, 

DeWitt, Cii.iHi.KS, memlHT Old ConKrrss, 
1781-.-i,b. 1728; d. Kingston. N.V.. Sept 1787. 

DeWitt, SiUKox, b. Ulster Co.. N v., 
D.T. 25, 1756; d. Ithaca, Dec. 3, 18.14 
Queen's Coll. 1776. Joining the army of 
Gales, he was present at the surrender of Bur 



IDEX 



269 



33LA. 



L'ovne: was assist, geographer to the army, 
17'78-80- chief geog in 1780-3, and present 
at the smrenJer of Cornwaliis ; surveyor-gen. 
of N. v., 1784-18.34; app. surveyor-gen. ot 
the U. y. ill 1'96, but declineJ. Trom 1798, 
rccnt; from 1817, vice-chaneellor ; and trom 
1829, ehancellor, of tlie State of N. V. Mem- 
ber of mauv literarv an.l seientifie bodies. Aii 
" Eulo^iuin " on Ids life and services, by 1. 
Rorac\"n Beck, was pub., 8vo, Albany, 1835. 
Author of " Elements of Perspective, 12mo, 
Albany, 1813; Map of N. Y., 1804 

Deiter, Kr-^nklin, LL.D. (H. U. 1857 , 

lawier, b. Chiirlcstown, Ms., Nov. d, 1,93; d. 
Beverlv, Aug. 14, 1857. H. U. 1812. Son 
of Saiuiiel, an eminent lawyer. He establislieil 
himself at Boston, where he attained a promi- 
nent rank at the bar; tilled many public oth- 
eos ; delivered the 4th of July oration in 1819 
before the town authorities ; was a member of 
the citv couiicd in 1825 ; a member of both 
braaehes of the State legisl. ; was in 1836 one 
of the select comirtittee upon the revised stat- 
utes; U. S. dist.-attv. 1841 to 1845, and in 
1849 was app. I.v Prcs. Taylor U. S. dist.-atty. 
for Ms. He exhibited great skill and logical 
acuteness in defence of the Knapps in their 
trial for the murder of Capt. While of Salem, 
in 1830, against Daniel Webster, who was em- 
ployed in behalf of the govt. With his emi- 
nence as a lawyer, he united great knowleilge 
and skill in an," and high attainments in litera- 
ture anil general knowled-e. 

Dexter, IIexrv, sculptor, b. ^. Y. ilav- 
in" lost hi, father, at the age of 12 he removed 
wilh his family to Ct., where he was a farmer, 
and afterward' a blacksmith. His artist-long- 
in.'s, however, tiually triumphed, and ho settled 
in"Bo>ioii as a portrait-painter, but eventually 
turned hi- atteniion to modelling, and has since 
executed maiiv fine portrait-busts and statiies. 
Among them' are I'res. Fclion, Gov-, \\is- 
ner, Joseph Warren, S. P. Chase, the Govern- 
ors of 1860, the "Biuney Child," "The Back- 
woodsman," " The Young Naturalist, and 
" The First Lesson." His studio is at Cam- 
bridge, Ms. — Tackermau. 

Dexter, Henry Marttn, D.D. (Iowa, 
1865), pastor, 1849-67, of what is now the 
Berkelev-st. Cong. Church, Boston ; b. Plymo. 
Co. Ms., 13 Aug. 1821. Y.C. 1840; And. 
Theol. Sem. 1844. Descended from farmer 
Thos De»;crof Lynn, and Irom Geo. Morton 
of Pl'vmouth. Pastor of the Franklin-street 
Church, Manchester, N.H., 1844-9. He has 
pub "Street Thoughts," 1859; "Twelve Dis- 
courses," 1860 ; " Future Punishment, and 
" Con-regaiioiialism." Editor of Churcli s 
"Philii)'s War," 1865, and Mourt's" Rela- 
tion." Now (1871) in Europe, engaged in col- 
lecting materials for a new history ot Old 1 ly- 
mouth Colony. In 1851, he became editor ot 
the Cimqreiiniioimlist, weekly, and lu 18o8 ot 
the Coil'!. fM'iilr-ilil. 

Dexter, SvMLKL,I,L.D. (H.U. 1813) an 
eminent lawyer and statesman, 1). Boston, May 
l^Kei; d.- Athens, N.Y., May 4, 1816. Il.L^ 
1781 Son of Samuel, a Revol. patriot, and 
benefactor of H.U. He studied law at W or- 
ccster, but had not been long at the bar, before 
he was elected to the Stale Icgisl., Irom which 



he was transferred, first lo the house (l'93-5), 
and then to thesenato(I"99-1800), ot the U.S. 
Here, during a period of strong party excite- 
ment, ho gained influence and honor by the 
force of his character and talents, his enlight- 
ened politics, and his oratory. He was app. 
by Prcs. Adams euqcessively sec. of war (1800) 
aiid of the treasury (1801), and had charge for 
a short time of the stale dept. A foiei-n em- 
bassy which was offered him he declined ; and, 
on the accession of Jetfcrson, he returned to 
the jiractice of the law. In 1815, Madison 
tendered him an extraordinary mission to the 
court of Spain ; but he declined the otfer. Ho 
continued many years to display extraordinary 
powers in bis p'rofession ; having no superior, 
and .scarcely a rival, before the Supreme Court 
at Washington, in which he appeared every 
winter in cases of the highest importance. In 
politics, at first an acknowledged leader of 
the Federalists, he separated himgelt from 
them during the War of 1812, and gave tliat 
measure his support. He argued against the 
validity of the embargo with all his strength, 
and alwav- maintained the unconstitutionality 
of that measure. He was the first pres. ot the 
first society formed in Ms. for the promotion 
of temperance. He drafted the eloquent an- 
swer of the senate to Pres. Adams's address on 
the death of Washington, and pub. a "Letter 
on Freemasonry ; " " Progress of Science, a 
poem, 1780; and '_' Speeches and Political 
Paijcrs." — See Stori/'s Sheich. 

Dexter, Timotht, known as " Lord 
Timothy," remarkable for eccentricity, b. 
Maiden," Jan. 22, 1747; d. Xewburypoit, Oct. 
22, 1806. He rose from poverty to affluence; 
possessed nuich acuteness, and was honest m 
his dealing's, but lacked that kind of prudence 
which so frequently hides bad, and sets off good 
qualities. He was benevolent. By his iteh to 
anuear in print, he frequently exposed his igno- 
rance. See his " Picklelor the Knowing Ones. 
His vanity was exhibited by his a.-suming the 
title of " Lord." He built a house at New- 
buryport, adorned according to his own whims. 
His" biography, by S. L. Knapp, was pub., 
Boston, 12nio, 1823. 

Dias (dee'az), GoxgALVEZ, Brazilian poet, 
b. Cachias, province of Maranha, 10 Aug. 1823. 
Studied at U. of Coimbra. Author of " Fnm-^ 
eiros CuH'os," Rio, 1846; " SennnJos Cantos, 
1848 ; " Leouor de Mendonr,a," 1847, and other 

"^"Diaz del CastUIo, Bers.vl, a Spanish 
adven lurcr an<l chronicler, b. Jledina del C.ampo, 
ab 1500. He went to seek his fortune in iho 
New World in 1514, and joined theexpeds. of 
Cordova in 1517, and Grijalva in lol8. He 
next attached himself to Cortes, whom he 
served faithfully and valiantly. He was en- 
laced in 119 battles and rencounters, and was 
ieveral times wounded. In 1568, he was 
miidtf of the citv of Guatemala. In 1jd8, he 
finished his" Wkoria verdadem de la Conqnesla 
de la Sueva Es,iana," designed to correct the 
misstatements of Gomara's " Chronicle of ^ew 
Spain," and to claim for himsell and comrade:. 
a share of the glory which Gomara gave almos 
wholly to Cones It was first pub. at > adrid 
in 1632. An English translation, by Lockhart, 



I3IC 



!70 



X)IC 



appeared in 1844. Wilson's " New History of 
tlic Conqiiest of Moxioo " iinpiii;ns the nutiion- 
licityof Uinz's niirriitlrc, wtiioli he <nlU ii eol- 
Icciion of fiiblus. He was a riitii;h, iiiilettvrecl 
soldier; hnt he ilesorilics ucciiriilcly iniiny in- 
tcre-tin;; tninsnclluns, and supplies murh im- 
|>ortiin( infiprmmion relative tu the history of 
the Xcw Wurlil. 

Dick, Jamks T, artist, b.N.Y. Citv, 1834 ; 
il. Itruoklyn, U.I., 19 Jan. 186S. Son of A. h. 
l)ii-k, whose enyravinj; of " The Last Supjicr " 
gained him much repute. At the fl;;eof 14, he 
);aliic(l most of the prizes awarded by the Man- 
chester Academy of Design. One of the 
ori;;inators of the nrooklyn Art School, ami a 
rounder of the Acad, of Design. Anion'; his 
be^t pieces arc "Cooling OlV," " Leap Krog," 
and " At Mijichief." 

Dick, Dr. Svuuel, member of the Old 
Congre-i. from X.J., 178,1-4; d. N..I., Nov. 
li^l-'. 

Dickons, Asiu-ry. nee. U.S. senate, 1836- 
61 ; h. X.C, 1773 ; d. (Xt. ^3, 1861. Early in 
life, he removed to I'hil.i. ; afterward spent 
some years in Kurope; lilleil a |>ost in the 
treasury dept. umler Sec. Crawford, and was 
chief clerk of the State dept. under Van 
Burin. 

DiCkerson, M.vulon, statesman, b. Han- 
over, X.I , 17 Apr. 1770; d. Suckasunnv 5 r>ct. 
18.i3. X..f. Cull. 1789. Adm. to the' bar in 
1793, he pract. with reputation in Phila. ; was 
qu«rtcrin.-:;en. of I'a. in 180.i-8; recorder of 
I'hila., 1808-10. Keiurningto N.J. in 1814, he 
was a member of the legisl. ; judge of the .Sup. 
Court, gov, and chancellor, 1815-17; U.S. 
senator, 1818-34; sec. U. S. X., 1834-8, and 
was subsequently, for a few months, n judge of 
the dist. court of N.r. Pre*. Amcr. Institute, 
1846-8. Though a State's-rights Denioc., ho 
advo<'ated a protective tariff, and was largely 
concerned in the mining ami manuf of iron in 
Morris Co. — Sc X'll. Port, t/n'l., vol. iii. 

Dickerson, I'hilkmos, bro. of Mahlon; 
M C, IS)3-.i anil 18.39-41; gov. of X.J., 
1836 : subs.queutlv U.S. dist. judge of N.J. ; 
b. Mortis Co., NJ., 1788; d. Patterson, 10 
Dec. 1862. 

Dickinson, Anna Ki.izadetii, orator 
and reformer, I). Phila., Oct. 2S, 1842. Her 
father died when she was 2 years old ; and she 
was cducateil in the Friends' free schools. 
She reail with avidity, devoting all her earn- 
ings to the purchase of books, and attending 
the leeturcsofdisting. orators. Hercarlydays 
were a continuous struggle with poverty ; but 
her indomitable courage, and willingness to 
do any thing for an boue.st living, carried her 
through. Her tir^t public speech was at a meet- 
ing of Progressive Friends in Jan. 1860, to 
discuss " woman's rights nnil wrongs ; " and 
she atonec became famous. Her first prepared 
B|>ccch on " WiMiian's Work " was delivered at 
Mulllcn Hill, X.J., in April, 1860. She next 
taught a school in Bucks Co., at a .salary of Sl'5 
a month. From Apr. to Dee. 1861, she had a 
place in the U.S. Mint at Phila., from which 
she was dismissed for denouncing McClelInn 
in a "iKwh in \Ve«t ChesnT. She first s|>okc 
in Bo^Kui at the Mu-ic Hull, i'l the spring of 
1862, on the" National Ciifia," anil with great 



effect. Tn the following winter, she delivered 
her effective speech on " Hospital Life," nl 
Concord, N. 11. anil was engagiii by the Itepub. 
committee to make campaign ►pivrhes through 
the State. Her elo<)uemo secured the victory 
in the ensuing election ; and she was lionorc«l 
by the press and |ieople. A similar result fol- 
lowed hercff.irts in Cl.. N.V., and Pa. Jan IB, 
1864, at the re(|uest of the leading senators and 
representatives, she spoke in the H. of Ueprc- 
sentitives at Washington, and gave the pro- 
ce<'ds, $1,030, to the Freedmeii's Ilelief Society. 
This address was re|ieated in N.V. and Hi ston, 
eliciting high praise. Her re|iiitaiion was now 
Ihnrouglily established ; and that winter she 
addres.<cd lyci-nins nearly every night at 100 
dollars per night. One of her most |>owcrful 
and impressive ap|>eals was made in the con- 
vention of l^outhern I.oyall«tsat Phila. In Sept. 
1866. Diiringthewar, in eumpand hospital, she 
spoke wordsol tenderness to the sick and dying, 
uttered the highest thought in Amcr politics 
in the crisis of our hisiur}', jiointed out the 
cause and remedy of the war, and nnvcilcil 
treason in the army and the White House, re- 
buking without hesitniion the iniquity and in- 
capacity of those in high places. Since the 
war, she has s|H>ken much ui>on woman's work 
and suffrage She pub. " What Answer!" 
1868. — Kmminl W'om.i, of M- Aqr. 

Dickinson, D.^mei. Steven*, LL.D. 
(Ilain. I'oll. 18.')8), jurist and statesman, b. 
CoOien, Ct , Sept. 11, 1800; d, April 12, 1866. 
He went to Chenango Co., N Y , in 18t)6, edu- 
cated himself; was adm. to the bar in 1827, 
and in 1831 settled at ISinghamion, X.Y. ; 
State senator in 1837-4"; tr-rjfiriu judge of 
the Court of Krrors, 18.36-41. and lieut.-gov. ; 
pres. of the senate and of said court liom 1842 
to 1844; U.S. senator, I844-.'>1. lie ranked 
high as a debater, and took a jirominent pan 
in the discus..ion on the annexation of Texas, 
Jlexican war, and the compromise of is.io. He 
was chairman of the senate coniniittee on 
finance. His course on the slavery question 
placed him at the head of the conservative or 
"hunker" Democrats, one of whose candi- 
dates for the presidency he was in 1852. On 
the breaking-ont of the Hebollion. ho devoted 
his energies to sustaining the govt . adilrcssing 
public a>>emblages, advising all to ignore party, 
and by word and dccil to detVnil the laws and 
the country. At the time of his decease, he 
was U.S. dist. atty. for X.Y. He had a high 
reputation as n nifi print lawyer, was apt at rci> 
ariee. and had a strong vein of humor. His 
"Life and Works '"were pub in 1867, in 2 
vols., bv his bro. J. R. Dickinson. 

Dickinson, Jonx, LL.D., (X.J. Coll. 

176;i), slau-iiiaii, b. .\!d., Nov. 13, 1732; d. 
Wilmingt.«i. Del., Feb. 14, 1S<>8. Son of 
Judge Samuel, tie stndieil law in Phila., and 
then at the Temple, I^nd.,aiid, after his rcln.-n. 
practices! with success at the PhiU. bar. 
Elected to the J'a. nssemblv in 1764, lieevinnjd 
unusual cap-uities for a legislator, and was, 
on all ocea-ious, a ready and energi'tic il. baler. 
At tho same time, he liecame known by his 
publications upon the atteinpu of litiiain to 
in'ringo tlio liberties of the Colonies, ilia 
" Addrusa to ilv; CmnMiitieo of t'onesp. in 



r>ic 



271 



DIE 



Barhadoes," wlio h:ul censured the opposition 
ol the nonhern Coh)nies to the Stamp Act, 
pul). at I'hihi , 17fi6, is an eloquent and di;.'ni- 
litil defence of the Colonies. A deputy to the 
tirsi Colonial Congress in 1765, its resolutions 
were drawn up hy him. In 1767. he pub. his 
'• Karnier's Letters to the Inhabitants of the 
British Colonies," repub. in Lonjlon, with a 
jirefaee by Dr. I'ranklin, and subsequently in 
i''ronch in I'aris. In 1774, he published his 
" Ess;n on the Constitutional Power of Great 
Uriiain over the Colonies in America." He 
was a member of the first Com. Conj^ress in 
1774, atid wrote those important State papers, 
'• The Address to the Inhabitants of Quebec," 
'• Tiic Declaration to the Armies," the two 
|ietiiions to the kinj;, and " The Address to 
I he Stales." He opposed the Declaration of 
Independence, as premature, and was one of 
the tew members of Conirress who did not sign 
that itistrument. This course made him un- 
popular at home, and for several years he was 
absent from the public councils. In Oct. 1777, 
he was nia.le bri^'.-<;en. of Pa. militia. In Apr. 
1779, he rcturiHil to Con;.'ress from Del., and 
wrote "TIk- Address to the States " of May 26. 
He was, in 17Sl-"i, pres of the States of Del. 
and Pa. successively, and a member of the 
conveniion for framing the Federal Constitu- 
tion. In 17S8, appeared his " Fabius " Letters, 
advocatinir the adoption of the new constitu- 
tion. Another scries, over the same signature, 
on the relations of the U.S. with France, 1797, 
was his last W(n-k. In 1792, he was a member 
of tile convention which formed the constitu- 
tion of Del. His political writings were pub. 
in 2 vols, in iSDl. He was a man of elegant 
learning and fine conversational powers. Dick- 
inson Coll., which he founded, and liberally 
cndowid, perpetuates his name and important 
services to his cimntry. 

Dickinson, Jonath.\s, Fresh, clergyman, 
b. Hallied, Ms, Apr. 22, 16SS; d. Elizabeth- 
town, N..J, Oct. 7, 1747. Y.C. 1706. Grandson 
of Xaih'l, one of the first settlers of Wethcrs- 
ficld, Ci. He came to Elizabethtown in 1708, 
and 29 Sept. 1709, was installed ])astor of the 
Presb. church, where he remained till bis death. 
The adjoining townships of Rahway, Westficld, 
Union, Springfield, and part of C'hatham, were 
included in his |)arish, in which he was also 
engaged in teaching, and in the practice of 
medicine. Alter the separation of the N.J. 
clinri hes from the synod of Pliila., in 1741, a 
charter for the College of N J. was obtained, 
the first classes were opened in Elizabethtown; 
and Dickinson was elected pres. Oct. 22, 1 746. 
His hi'_'h reputation as a preacher and contro- 
versialist is evinced by his publi>hed sermons 
and theol. treatises. He was one of the ablest 
champions of Calvinism in this country. He 
pub. " True Scripture Doctrine," &c., in five 
discourses, 1741 ; a 3d ed. of his "Familiar 
Letters upon l!nportnnt Subjects in Religion," 
was pub., Ediul)., l2mo, 1757, and a collect, of 
many of his writings in the same place, 8vo, 
1 791. — S/iiaiine. 

Dickinson, Jonathan, chief-justice of 
Pa.; d. I7i.'2. He wa-i a Quaker, came from 
Jam.iica wiih Uk fauiiiy in 1606, and w.is ship- 
wrecked i.i ilie Uuif ot Florida. His pub. ac- 



count was entitled, " God's Protecting Provi. 
deuce Man's Surest Help and Defence." 

Dickinson, Gun. Philkmox, Hi vol. offi- 
cer, b. near Dover, Del., Apr. 5, 17.'i9 ; d. near 
Trenton, Feb. 4, 1809. He was educated in 
Phila. under Dr. Allison, and cultivated a 
small farm near Trenton, N.J. Entering the 
army in 1775, he was app. to com the N.J. 
militia. With about 400 men, he attacked ami 
defeated a large foraging party, Jan. 21, 1777. 
He com. the militia at the btirtle of Monmouth. 
Member of the Old Congress from Del. in 
1782-3; U.S. senator, 1790-3; member of the 
commission app. in Dec. 1784 to select a site 
for the national capital. 

Dickson, Samuel Henry, LL.D. (N.Y. 
Coll. 1853), phvsician, b. Charleston, S.C, 
Sept. 1798. Y."Coll. 1814. Of Siottish par- 
entage. His father came to A mer. before the 
Revol., and fought at the South under Gen. 
Lincoln. He was in Charleston during the 
siege, and long afterward.; taught there the 
school of the S. C. Society, and d. 1819. The 
son studied medicine at Charleston, and prac- 
tised there during the prevalence of the yellow- 
fever in 1817. In 1818-19, he attended the 
medical lectures of the U. of Pa., grad. in 
1819, and at once began practice. In 1823, he 
delivered a course of lectures on physiology 
and pathology, before the medical students of 
the city ; the class consisting of about 30. He 
was instrumental in the establishment of a 
med. coll. in Charleston ; and on its organiza- 
tion in 1824, he was called to the c'.iairof insti- 
tutes and practice of medicine. He withdrew 
in 1832, but on its.re-organization in 1833, as 
the med. coll. of S.C, he was re-elected. He 
was prof, of the practice of medicine in the O. 
of N.Y. from 1847 to 1850, when he resumed 
his post at Charleston. In 1853, he was called 
to the chixir of practice of medicine in thcJefT. 
Med. Coll., Phila., which he long filled. He has 
contrib. many papers to the med. journals of 
the U.S., and to the periodicals, and is the au- 
thor of " Manual of Pathology and Practice of 
Medicine," N.Y. ; " Essays on Pathology and 
Therapeutics," 2 vols., 8vo, N.Y., 1845; es- 
savs on "Life, Sleep, Pain,"vtc., Phi'a., 1852; 
" Elements of Medicine," Phila.. 1855. He 
has also delivered many speeches, lectures, and 
addresses. He pub. a pamphlet on slavery, 
originally in a Boston periodical, in which he 
maintained the essential inferiority of the ne- 
gro, and the futilitvof the projects suggested 
for changing; his condition. — i)u//clcinck. 

Diereville (de-air'-vell), French traveller, 
b. Pout I'Evcque; d. 1708. He embarked at 
La Rochelle.Aug. 20, 1699, as supercargo of a 
vessel bound to Acadia, and landed at Port 
Boval, (Jet. 13, where he remained until Oct. 
6, i700, and reached La Rochelle Xov. 9. He 
brought many new plants from Ainer., among 
others a shrub with beautiful yellow flowers, 
which Tournefort.bas named Dierevilla, and 
which LinnaMis has classed in the genus Loui- 
cera, and which De Jussicn has re-established 
as a genus. He nub. an account of hisvovage, 
Paris, 1 70S. — Xwu: Bia/. Grn. 

Dieskau (ilces'-kOw), Jeas Erdmax, 
Baron, a iMvnch gen., b. Saxony, 1701; d. 
Surenue, near Paris, Sept. S, 1 707. He first 



DLL 



272 



DIX 



«orvoil ii« a liiMit.-col. of cnv., under Mnrshal 
Saxo, iiiiil, Hl'tiT m-rvini; in the Neilicr- 
lan(U, iK-iainv in I74S liri;;.-Ken. of inf., ami 
com. of Brot. ScnlKi Cunmlti, Ffh. 20, ITSS, 
with ihe riiiikof iniij.-Kvn. With 6iX)In()iani, 
as niHiiy Cnnmliuns. unci ,300 n'^'ulars, he as- 
ccnileil Liiko Ch'ini|iliiin to attiuk Fori Kd- 
wunl. whioli wa.s rielended by (Jen. Johnj^on. 
Defeiicin^ u dt'Iiii-hmeiit sent to its relief, under 
Col. VVilliain'i, .Sept. 8, 1755, he pnrsueil the 
fiit;iiive«, liopinj; to enter the fort with them. 
The Iniliiins halted out.'iiilc the intrenehmcnfi ; 
the atlaekin;.' foree was routed and put to fli;:ht, 
and l)ie«kaii, ricvercly wounded, was made 

Jiri.soner. i;xcliani;ed in 1763, ho returned to 
•'raiue, when- ho reeeived a pen»ioH. 

Dillingham, I'aul, lawyer and politician, 
b. !jhutc»l)ury, Ms.. Aut;. I8(X); removed with 
his father to Waterhury, Vt., in 1805; was 
adm. to tlio bar of Washineton Co. in 1824; 
was town-clerk of Waieihury in 1829-44; was 
18 years jusiiee of the |x;aec ; State's ativ. for 
WiUh. Co., 18.15-8; member Const. Conv. in 
l8.i6-7; was 6 years a State representative; 
Stale senator, 1841-2; M. C. 184.3-7 ; gov. of 

Vt.. i8r..->-7. 

Dillon (de' Ion'), Artdbr, Comte de, a 
Freiiih '^'en.of Iri-h descent, b. Braywick, Ire- 
land. .Sept. .3, I7JU; t'nillotincd at Paris, April 
14, 1794. Son of Ilenry, llth Viscount Dil- 
lon. Named in his infancy col. of the rcct. 
Dillon, ori);inally ruisi'il by his grandfather for 
the service of I«ouis XIV., he took in 1777 an 
active and ilisting. part in the Amer. war ; at 
iu head at the taking of Granada, .St. Kusia- 
tia. Tobairo, and St. Christopher. After the 
unfortunate attack upon Savann,ih, in which 
ho participated, ho was named successively 
gov. of Si. Christopher, brigadier, March l', 
1780, and «mr^.7M/.f/<-.ca»i/), Jan. 1.1784. He 
served with distinction at Yorktown. Ho was 
3 years gov. of Tobago ; was a den. to the 
States-gen.; com. the army of the North in 
1792; opposed the Prussians with success in 
the forest of Argonnc under Dumouriez, and 
compelled them to evacuate Verdun. De- 
nounced by his political enemies on the most 
absurd pretexts, he vrm condemned, and suf- 
fered with great courai;c — Xoiw. Bio/i. Gen. 

Dillon, .ToiiN B. author, b. Brooke Co., 
Va.. ab 1807. While nn infant, his father 
moved to Belmont Co., ()., and d. when John 
was 9 years old. Ho then raturncd to his na- 
tive county, became a printer, and at 17 went 
to Cincinnati. While there, ho contrib. poeti- 
cal pieces to the journals. In 1834, he went to 
Loiianspoil. lud, where he practised law ; in 
1842, be pull. "Historical Notes;" in 1845, 
he hvcume State librarian ; has since been 
identillcil with popular education in Ind., and 
its benevolent institutions, and was many 
years sec. of the State Board of Agric ; sec. 
of the Ind. Hist Society. In 1859, he puh. "A 
Hislorv of Iniliana." — Poets and Poetry of 

the \v:*t. 

Diinick,Ji;9TiN, brcv.brig.-gcn. U.S.A.. b. 
Ct . West Point. 1819. Kntering the an., be be- 
came capt. Apr. 6, 1815: brev. major "lor 
fallant and meritorious conduct in war against 
lorida Indians," May 8. 1836; brev. licut.- 
col. " for battles of Conircros and Churu- 



busco," Aug. 20. 1847: com. P. F. Smith's 
brigade in battle of Contreras ; brev. c d. " lor 
battle of Chapulie[)W." .Sept. .3, '47 ; com. iii.s 
n'gt. on the I3th, and at the capture of the 
City of Mexico; major 1st Art., Apr. 1, 1850; 
lient.-coi. 2d Art., (let. 5, 1857 ; col. 1st. Art., 
Oct. 26, 1861; retired 1 Aug. 1863; brev. 
brig.-gen U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865; gov. Sol- 
dier's Home, near Washington, D.C., since 
14 .Ian. 18';4. D. Phil. Oct. 17, 1871, a. 72, 

DinsmOOr, Uoulbt, poet, b. Windham, 
N.II, Oct. 7, 1757; d. there 18.36. Of a 
Scotch Presbyterian family, who came from 
the N. of Irelan I. His f.illier was a soldier 
in the old French war; and the son was in 
the battle of Saratoga. With scanty educa- 
tion, ho iM'eome a farmer at Wiiidliam, and 
was a zealous Prcsb. He piibiislied at Ua- 
vcrhill, in 1828, " Inciilenial Poems." together 
with a preface and sketch of the author's life, 
by Kola-rt Dinsmoor the " liustic Bard." — 

Ijuilikilirh. 

Dinsmoor, Sami-el. gov. of N.H. In 1811- 
4, b. Lonilonderr\', N. 11., Julv 1. 1766; J. 
Kccnc, .Mar. 15, 18.35. Dnrtm. Coll. 1789. 
He was many years a maj.-gen of militia ; 
M. C. I SI 1-13 ;■ State counsellor. 1821, and 
judge of probate. 

Dinsmoor, S.vmuel, LL.D (Dartm. Coll. 
1851), gov. of Nil.. 1849-5.3, b. Keene. N.H., 
.May 8, 1799 ; d. there Feb. 24, 1869. Dartm. 
Coll. 1814. Son of Gov. Samuel. Adm. to 
the bar in 1818, and scltled at Keeno ; aficr- 
waril spent some time in Ark. ; was clerk of 
the Nil. senate in 1826-31. 

DinWlddie, Hoiiert, gov. of Va , 1752-7, 
b. Scotland ab. 1690; d. Clifion. Eng., 1 Aug. 
1770. A member of the council as cirly 
as 1742. He detected and exposeil, while clerk 
to a collector of customs in the W. Indies, 
an enormous fraud practised by his prin- 
cipal, for which he was rewanled with the post 
of surveyor of the customs of the Colonics, and 
afterward with the govt, of Va. Under his ad- 
ministration, the attempt was made to expel the 
French from the Ohio and Fort DuQue^iie, in 
which Washington lirst disling himself, and 
Braddock fell. He proved himself a zealous 
and active officer ; discerned tlio capacity of 
Washington, whom lie app. adj. -gen. of a mili- 
tary district, and sent as a commissioner to the 
French com. on the Ohio. In 17.54, he sug- 
gested to the British Boiu'd of Tnulo taxation 
of the Coltmies for funds to carry on the war ; 
and in 1755 was one of the 5 colonial govs, 
who memorialized the ministry to the same ef- 
fect. He left the Colony in Jiin. 1758, " worn 
out with vexation and agi'," and charged by 
his enemies with convening to his own use 
£20,000 transmitted through his hands as a 
compensation to the Virginians for the money 
they hail cx()ended beyond their pro|iorcion in 
thopublic service. 

Dix, Dorothea Ltnde, philanthropist, 
b. Worcester, Ms. Her father Joseph was a 
merchant in Boston, and, after his death in 
1821, she supportol herself by teaching a select 
school for young uirls in Boston. Hcarini: of the 
neglected condition of the convicts at Cbarle*- 
lown Slate Prison, she visited them. ami beeame 
deeply interested in the welfare of the unfurtu- 



DIX 



273 



IDIX 



nate nnd suflToiins classes, for whose elevation 
slic liilioreil iiiiiil 1814; when, her healtli bccoin- 
in;r iinjiairi'il.sliegavc up her school, and visited 
Europe, havinfj inherited from a n-Iative suffi- 
cient property to render her indcpcmlent. She 
returned to Boston in I8i7, aud devoted her- 
self to iuvestij^ating the condition of paupers, 
lunaties, and prisoners, eneoura;:ed by her 
friend and pastor, Hev. Dr. Oliannini;, of whose 
chi Idler, she had been governess. In this work, 
she lias visited every State of the Union east 
of the Rocky Mountains, endeavorinj; to per- 
suade le^iislaturcsand influential individuals to 
take measures for the relief of the poor and 
wretched, and greatly influencing the founda- 
tion of State lunatic asylums. In April, 185+, 
in consequence of her unwearied exertions, a 
bill passed both houses of Congress, appropri- 
ating 10,000,(100 acres to the several States for 
the relief of the indigent insane ; but the bill 
was vetoed by Pres. Fierce, chiefly on the 
ground that the GcnI. Govt, had no constitu- 
tional power to make such appropriations. 
Miss Di.K ha.s pub. anonymously " The Garland 
of Flora," 18i'9 ; and l)Ooks for children. She 
has also pub. "Prisons and Prison Discipline," 
8vo, Bo-ton, 1845; a variety of tracts for 
prisoners, and has written many memorials to 
legislative bodies on the subject of lunatic 
asylums. During the Rebellion, Miss Di.\ ren- 
dered service in the hospitals near W.ishington. 
— Applelon. 

Dix, .loHS Adams, LL.D. (Gen. Coll. 
184 J), soldier, lawver.and senator, b. Boscawen, 
N. H., 24 July, I'rgs. Brown U. 18-30. Son 
of Lieut-Col. Tinio. Dix. He studied at the 
academies at Salisbury and Exeter, N.H., and 
in a French coll. at Montreal; entered the 
army as ensign in 1812 ; was adj. of a vol. batt. 
in ISl."!; was aide to Gen. Brown in 1819; capt. 
of art. in I82.T, and resigned in 1828. After 
visiting Europe for his health, he settled as a 
lawyer in Cooperstown, X.Y. ; was sec. of 
Slate in 183.3, supt. of schools, member of the 
council, and a canal commissioner; became a 
member of the assembly in 1842, and was a 
U. S. senator in 1845-9. In that body, he 
bore a part in the discussions on the annexa- 
tion of Texas, the Mexican war, the Oregon 
dispute, and the question of slavery in the Ter- 
ritories, upon which he expresseil the views of 
the Freesoil Democrats, whose candiclate for 
gov. he was in 1848. He advocated in two 
speeches a bill for reciprocal freedom of trade 
with the Briti^h Provinces, — a measure which 
prevailed 6 years later. Postmaster of N.Y. 
("itv in I860; sec. U.S. treasurv in Jan. -Mar. 
1861 ; maj.-gen. U. S. vols. 16 May, 1861 ; 
com. at Baltimore, atid subsequently at Fort- 
ress .Monroe and on the peninsula; 16 Sept. 
1SG2, he received com. of the 7th army corps ; 
prcs. of the I'acific Railroad Co. ; app. by 
I'res. Johnson minister to the Netherlands, but 
declined ; app. naval officer of N.V., and was 
U. S. minister to France in 1867-9. Author 
of'Resourcesof theCityof N.Y.," 1827 ; "A 
Winter in Madeira," 1851; "A Summer in 
Spain and Florence," 1855 ; and " Sjwcches," 
2 vols., 8vo. 

Dixon, Archibald, lawyer, b. Caswell 
Co., N. C, 2 Apr. 1802. His grandfather. 



Col. Henry, received a wound at the battle of 
Eutaw, which caused his death ; and Warren 
his father, served gallantly through the war 
In 1805, he removed to Henderson Co., Ky., 
where he received a common school education ; 
studied law; w.ts adm. to the bar in 1824, and 
soon attained high rank as a criminal lawyer; 
member of the legisl. in 1830 and 1841, of the 
State .senate in 1836; lieut.-gov. in 184-3-7, and 
pres. of the senate; member Const. Conv. in 
1841, and U- S. senator, 1852-5. 

Dixon, Capt. George, .author of " A Voy- 
age around the World in 1 785-8," 4to, London, 
1789; d. ab. 1800. He discovered a number 
of small inlands near the N.W. coast of Amer. 

Dixon, James, U.S- senator, 1857-69, b. 
Enfield, Ct-, 5 Aug- 1814. Wms. Coll. 1834- 
Son of Judge Wm-, in whose office he re.ad 
law. Adm. to the bar; member State legisl- in 
1837-8, '44; State senator, 1849-54 ;"M-C. 
1845-9. Resident of Hartford. Contrib. of 
poems to the A'. E. Maija:ine and the O. Cou- 
rant. His wife, the dan. of Rev. Jona. Cogs- 
well, d. June, 1871. — See Everest's Poets of Ct.; 
Lanman. 

Dixon, Joseph, inventor, d. Jersey Citv, 
N. J., Juue 14, 1869. a. "I. Before he was 21, 
he made a machine to cut files, afterward 
learned the printer's trade, that of wood-en- 
graving, then lithography, and became a thor- 
ough chemist, optician, and photographer- He 
was probably the first person to take a portrait 
by the camera. He first used the reflector so 
that the subjects should not appear reversed - 
He built the first locomotive with wooden 
wheels, but with Ijie same double crank now 
used. He originated the process of photo- 
lithography. To guard against abuses of this 
process, he invented the system of printing in 
colors on bank-notes, and patented it, hut nev- 
er received any benefit ; all the banks having 
used it without pay. He perfected the system 
of making collodion for the photographers, and 
aided Mr. Harrison in the mode of giinding 
lenses for common tubes. He is the father of 
the sted-melting business in this country ; is 
widely known as tlie originator of the plumba- 
go crncilde, as now made; and his establish- 
ment in Jersey City is the largest of the kind 
in the world 

Dixwell, Coi.. John, regicide ; d. New 
Haven, .Mar. 18, 1689, a. 81. Upon the west 
side of the monument placed over his remains 
in 1849, by a descendant, is the following in- 
scription : " Here rests the remains of Johs 
Di.xwELL, Esq., of the Priory of Folkestone, 
in the County of Kent, Eng., of a family long 
prominent in Kent and Warwickshire, and 
liimself iiosscssing large estates and much in- 
fluencein hiscountry. He espoused the popular 
cause in the revol. of 1640- Between 1640 
and 1660, he was col- in the army, an active 
member of four parliaments, thrice in the 
council of State, and one of the high court 
which tried and condemned King Charles the 
First. At the restoration of the monarchy, he 
was compelled to leave his country, and, after 
a brief residence in Germany, came to New 
Haven, and here lived in seclusion, hut enjoy- 
ing the esteem and friendship of the ii:i.st 
worthy citizens till his death." He rL>idi.d iii 



DOA 



IX)I> 



New Hiivcn under tlic nnmc of John Diivids. 
— -vr Siil-s's Jiidi)n. 

Doane, Aioustus Sidney, SI.D., plij-ni- 
ri:in,b. Bosion, Apr. 2, 18((S; d.of shipluior, 
.Simon NIand.Jnn. 27, Isrn'. II. U. 1825. He 
studied in I'«ri< 2 years ; murncd lo Bosion, 
intending' ro commence tlie |irnoiico of inoli- 
rinc, liiit in 1830 removed to N.Y., when- he 
soon hccHmeiisiii'co«sfnl pmclitioner. In 18.39, 
he wns «i>p. prof, of phvsiolojjy in tlic U. of 
N.Y., which lie noon re^il^ncd ; was app. chief 
physician of ilie marine hospital, in which he 
wn« superseded in 184.3; practised his |profe8sion 
nntil I8.M1, when he was a second time app. 
licaUh-oflicer. He edited " Oood's Snidy of 
Midirine ; " translated " Mayfrrier on .Mi<lwif- 
cry." " Dnpiiytrcn's Surgery," " Liigol's Scrof- 
ulous Diseases," " Baylis's Dcscrip Anatomy," 
" Biandin's TnjKitr. Anatomy," " Riconl on Sy- 
philis," ic. Conlrih. lo " Surgery Illnstmt- 
<i|." and to sundry medical journals. — See 
li'r'i. X>>inf ill Ihf I'llciniU Mtvi. V. 427. 

Doane, George Wash., O.I)., LL.D., 
I'r-Kp. hishop of N. .1 , b Trcnion, X.J., 
Mav 27. 1799 ; d. Uurlinclon, N. J., Apr. 27, 
18.i9. Un. Coll. 1818, Adm. to h.ily orders 
in 1S21 ; hcoffiiiate<l .T years in Trinity 'Church, 
N.Y. ; in 1824, was first prof, of rheioric and 
belles-lettres in Wash. Coll., Hartford ; in 1 328 
became assist, minister, and then rcc'or, of Trin- 
ity Church, Boston, whore he continued to of- 
lieiatc nntil Oct. 31. 18.T2, when lie was consc- 
cratcil bishop; removed to BHrliii;;ton, and 
became rector of St Mary's Church in that 
city. In pnrsniince of n system of Christian 
education for fciniiles, in 18.17 he established 
St. Mary's Mall, a lioardin;;-sehool for girls. 
In 1846, he founded Burl. Coll., under a char- 
ter from the Stale legisl. Bishop Doane's 
ihcol. controversies were frcTiient. He visit- 
cil Kng. in 1941 ; ami in 1842 a vol. of his ser- 
mons was pub at London. In 1824. he pub. 
early poems, entitled " Son.-s by the Way, 
chiefly Devotional, with Translations and Iml- 
tnlioiis." His Life has liecn writicn by his son 
W. C. Doane. who has also edited his " Poeti- 
cal Works. Sermons, and .Miscellaneous Writ- 
ings," 4 V(ds.. 1860. — Dmirhiirl: 

Dobbin, .Fames CoriiK.vSE. lawyer, Bce. 
r.S.N., ls.-.i-7, b. Favcltevillo, S.C., 1814 ; d. 
there 4 An- l8.-,7. D. of X.C. 18.32. A suc- 
cessful practitioner at the Favctteville bar ; 
.M. C. 1845-7 ; memlKT of the legisl. 1848,'.iO, 
'52, and speaker in 1850, and instrumental iii 
the Bait. Conv. of 1852 in securing for .Mr. 
Pierce the Dcinoc. nomination for the presiden- 
cy. 

Dobbs, Artiiub, gov. of X.C, Xov. 1, 
I7.->4-176.-., b. Ireland, 1684; d. Town Creek, 
X.C., March 28, 1765. He was a man of let- 
ters : of liberal views ; had been a memlwr of 
the Irish parliainoni, ami disting. for his at- 
tempts to discover the north-west passase. He 
adopted conciliainry measures toward the In- 
dian trilw's; but his adm. w.is ac>>ntinncd con- 
test with the IcL'isl. on nnimportant matters, 
ili«playing. on his pan, an anient teal for 
royal prerogative, ami an indomitable resist- 
ance on the part of iheColoni-ts. Author of 
■■ .\n .\''count of the Couniries adjoining to 
lluds-'n'- B.iy,"4to Loml., 1748; •'Tniileand 



Improvement of Irelaml," Svo, Dublin, 1729, 
aixl " Capt. Miiblleion's Defence," Svo, 1744. 
— ir/,fr/rr'« .V. '•. 

Dobson, Tiii>M.\s, nnthor and l>ookseller ; 
d. Philn., .March 8, 182.1. Au^^iorof "Lclicre 
on the Chnracier of the Deiiy and tlio Moral 
State of .Man," 2 vols , 12inol 18ii7. 

Dod, Albert Baldwin, D.D. (U of X.C. 
1844). scbidar and (li\ine, b. .Menilham, N J., 
.March 24, 1805 ; d. Princeton, Nov 20, 1845. 
X../. Coll 1822. Son of Daniel, mechanician. 
He passetl 4 years teaching in Va., entered 
the Princ-cton Sein in 1827, ami was at the 
same time tutor in X J. Coll. Licensed to 
preach in 1828 by the N.Y. presbytery. In 
18.10, he was cKvted prof of maihemalics 
in the coll., and, for a few years previous 
to his death, he lcctun'<l on architecture 
and political ci'onomy, in aildiiinn to the 
instruction of his projicr dept. His articles 
ill the /iiblloil Ilt/itrtnii/, pnriicnlarlr that on 
capital punishment, in .April, 1842,' on phre- 
nology in April, 18.18, attest his ability in han- 
dling yiraciical subjects. The former article was 
adopted by the eominitlec of the NY. legisl. 
as their report, and repub. as a public docu- 
ment. He decliiieil the chaplaincy and pr.ifcs- 
sorship of mord iihilosopby at West Point 
Acad. Some of l)r. Dod's adininible pro- 
iluetions have l>een collecleil in a volume en- 
titled " Priiiccioii Es»;iys." — S/irwiiir. 

Dodd, James B., inaihcmHtician, b. Va., 
1807. Clio-en prof, of malhem., nal. philoc., 
and asironoinv in the Ceiiteii. Coll., Miss., 
1841, in Traiisylv. U. IS4G; pres. /.ru Irm. 
1849-55. Author of ariihnieiies, algebras, and 
elements of geonieirv and mensuraiion Con- 
trib. to Q'liirttrli/ /.Vr. of the M. K. Chureh 
South. —.l/WoHc. 

Dodd, .Mabv .\nn Hansier. p<a-i. b. Hart- 
ford, Ct., .Mar. 5, 1.<I.1. Ha- coiiirib. many 
poetical pieces of great merit lo " The Hemiene- 
thenn," tlic"Ladie3' Reiiository," and "The 
Kose of Sharon." \ vol. of her |iovms was 
pnb. Hartford. 184.1. — .l/WioHf. 

Doddrige, Hkv JoSKrn, Pr.-Kp. clerjfy- 
man, ami pioneer of Western, Va., b. Pa., 
1769; d. Wcllsbnrg, Va., Xov 1826. Bro. of 
Philip. Kducaled at Jetf. Acad., Canons- 
Imrg, Pa. Ord by Bishop While in 1798. 
Author of " Xotos on the Settiemcni and In- 
dian Wars of the West. Country in 17C.'l-8;)," 
12ino, 1824 : and I.ogan a drainal. piece, 1823. 

Doddrige, I'iulii', lawver ami |Miliiician, 
b. Brooke Co., Va.. 1772 : d.'Washin;;ton. Xov. 
19, 1812. In his youth, be woike.l on a farm 
on the Ohio Kivcr, but was sent lo school at 
16. Altera voyage down the .Mpi. on n flai- 
Ikjmi, he stndieil law. and .-oon gained a lirilliaiit 
local reiiuiaiion. Delegate Iroiu Brooke Co. 
to the A a. Ie;;isl. in 1815, and was a memlicr 
for some years. In the Const. Conv. of 1829- 
30. he was the aiknowledgeil leader of the 
parly in favor of the white Iwsi- of repri-scn- 
tMtion. His suiress in |iarliamenlary conllicis 
was due solely to close reasoning, ihomiigh 
knowleilge of the subject, great energy of 
manner, and a vvou'lerful commanii of lan- 
guage. M.C. |H-.:9~I2, and was ilicn engagi'd 
in codifying the laws for the Dist.of Colnnihia. 

Dodge, CiULNViLLE M., loaj.-gen. vols., b. 



r>OD 



DON" 



Danvers, M^., Apr. 12, 1 831. Educate 1 M 
Capt. Partri(l;:e's military ac:iil. in Norwich, 
Vt.. lie in 1851 removed to 111., where, until 
18.14, he was employed in railroad surveys. 
Ho was afterward similarly engaged in Iowa, 
prosecuting his suneys west of the Missouri as 
tar as the Rocky Mountains. In 1861, he was 
sent hy the gov. of Iowa to Washington to 
l>roCHre arms and equipments for the State 
troops June 17, he Wiis made col. 4th la. 
vols. He served in Mo. in 1861, and in Feb. 

1862, with Gen. Curtis in Ark. At Pea Ridge, 
he com. a brigade on the extreme right, and, 
though severely wounded in the side, kept the 
field until the final rout of the enemy. For 
his gallantry here, he was made brig. -gen. from 
JIar. 31. in June, he took com. of the dist. 
of the Mpi., and superintended the reconstruc- 
tion of the 5Ipi. and 0. Railroad. Early in 

1863, he made a raid into Northern Ala. His 
gallantry at Sugar Vallev, May 9. and Resnca, 
May Uand 15, 18G4, secured ibr him the rank 
of fnaj.-gcn. June 7, 1864. Wounded at At- 
lanta. Me subsctiuently com. the 16th corps 
ii Sherman's Georgiacampaign. He succeeded 
Itosecrans in com. of the dept. of the Mo in 
Deo. 1864. M.C. from la. 1867-9. 

Dodge, Gen. Hesrt, h. Vincennes,Ind., 
Oct. 12, 1782; d. Burlington, la., June 19, 
1867. Son of Israel, Rcvol. offi-er of Canter- 
bury, Ct. Hecora. acomi)any of vols, in 1812 ; 
was niaj of Mo. militia in 1813 ; waslieut.-col. 
com. Mo. mounted inf. from Aug. to Oct. 1814; 
col. of Mich, mounted vols. Apr. to July, 1832; 
com. in attack on Indians at Pickatolika, June 
1."), 18.32; successful in making peace with the 
frontier Indians in 1834, and in 1835 com. an 
important expcd. to the Rockv Mountains. 
Mnj. U.S. Rangers, June 21, 1832; col. 1st 
U.S. Dragoons, .Mar. 4, 1833 ; gov. Wis. Terr. 
and supt.'indian affairs, July 4, 1836 to 1841, 
and 1845-8; deleg. to Congress, 1841-5; U.S. 
senator, 1849-57. As an Indian fi;;htcr, he 
had no superior. A sword and the thanks of 
the nation were voted him by Congress. Father 
of Senator Aug. C. Dodge. 

Dodge, Mart Abigail (Gail Hamilton), 
fluthoross, h. Hamilton, Ms., ab. 1838. Her 
father was a farmer. She taught school in 
Hartford, Ct., and was afterwards governess 
in the family of Dr. Gamaliel Bailey of Wash- 
ington, D.C., to whose pajicr she was a eontrib. 
She has been a frequent eontrib. to the Atlantic 
Montlili], and to riurjwr's DtVKiT, and has pub. 
"Conntrv Living and Country Thinking," 
1862 ; "Gala Days," 1863 ; " A New Atraos- 
pbere," 1864 ; " Stumliling-Blocks," " Summer 
Rest," " Skirmishes and Sketches," " Battle 
of the Books," 1870; "Red Letter Days," 
" Wool Gathering," " Woman's Wrongs, a 
Conntcr-Iriitant," 1868. 

Dods, John Bovee, b. N.Y., 1795. Has 
pub. ";J0 Sermons," 8vo ; " Philos of Mes- 
merism," 1847 ; " Philos. of Electrical Psychol- 
ogy ; " " Immortality Triumphant," " Spirit 
Manifestations Examined and Explained," 
N.Y., 18.54. 

Doles, George E . brig.-gen. C.S.A. ; 
killed near Cold Harbor, Va., June 2, 1864, 
a .34. Entering the 4th Ga. Inf. as capt., he 
was soon its col., and Nov. 1, 1862, was made 



a brig. -sen., and at his death com. a div. ir 
lOwcll's corps. 

Dombey, Joseph, a French naturalist, b. 
Meaux, 1742; d. Apr. 1793, in the Pri.son of 
Montsorrat. He studied medicine at Mont- 
pelicr, and in 1778-85 travelled in S. Amer. 
He traversed Peru. Chili, &c., discovered mines 
of gold and quicksilver, and had many romantic 
adventures. In 1793, he was sent on a mission 
to the L'.S., but was taken by privateers, and 
imjirisoni-d in Montserrat. He pub. a herbal, 
including 60 new species of plants of Chili and 
Peru ; and his contribs. to the Museum of 
Natural Historv at Paris were very consider- 
able. — Bmi. linio. 

Donaldson, Edwards, capt. U. S. N., 
b. Md , Nov. 7, 18IG. Midshipm. Julv 31, 
1835: licut. Oct. 23. 1847 ; com. Julv 16, 1862 ; 
capt. July 25, 1866. Attached "to frigate 
'• Coluinliia,"and in the attacks on forts on the 
cna-tiif -uniatra, 1839 ; com.steamer"Scioto," 
W. Gulf, sriuad., at passage of Forts Jackson 
and St. Philip, and Vicksburg batteries; com. 
steamer 'Keystone State," N. A. block, squad., 
1 863-4 ; com. steamer " Seminole," at the bat- 
tle of .Mnliilf Bay, Aug.. 5, 1864. —finmersh/. 

Donelson, Andrew Jacicson, soldier 
and di|,loinatist, b. Tenn., 1799; d. Memphis, 
Tenn., 26 June, 1871. West Point, 1820. 
Aide-de-camp to Gen. Jackson, I820-I, and 
his private sec. from JIar. 1829 to Mar. 1837 ; 
chaiy^-d 'affaires to Texas, 1844-5; envoy- 
extr. and niinister-plenipo. to Prussia, 1846 to 
1848. and to Germany, 1848-9. Editor of 
Wasliiiifilon Union, 1851-2; candidate of the 
Amer. Party for vice-pres., 1852 ; cotton-planter 
in Bolivar Co., Mpi, in 1822-65; lawver in 
Memphis, 18r..5-71.— Cullnm. 

Donkin, Rouert, an English gen., b. 
Mar. 19. 1727; d. Clifton, near Bristol, Mar. 
1821. He entered the service in 1746 ; was at 
the siege of Belleisle in 1761 ; subsequently 
served in Flanders with Wolfe, served throngh 
the Seven-Years' war; and was aide-<le-camp 
and sec. to Gen.Rufane, gov. and com-in-chief 
at Martinique. Capt. Dec. 25, 1770; maj. 
23 July, 1772; lieu. col. Oct. 25, 1779; col. 
Nov. l'8, 1790; maj. -gen. Oct. 1794; lieut - 
gen. 1801 ; gen. 1809. Gen. Donkin served 
through the whole Amer. war, from 1775 to 
1 783 ; in the early part of it as aide-de-camp to 
Gen. Gage, and afterwards as maj. of the 44ih 
rcgt. Author of "Military Collections and 
Remarks," N.Y., 8vo, 1777, "pub. tor the ben- 
efit of the children and widows of the valiant 
soldiers inhumanly and wantonly butchered 
when pcacefnily marching to and from Con- 
cord, April 19, 1775, by the rebels." — IntroJnr. 

tioil. 

Donning, or Deming, William, the fir^t 
manul'. of wioui;litiron cannon ; d. Mifflin, 
Pa., Dee. 19, 1830, a. 94. He was an artificer 
in the Revol. army. and made two wrought-iron 
cannon at Middlesex, Pa., one of which w;i.s 
taken by the British at the battle of Brandy- 
wine, and is now in the Tower of Londoii. 
He commenced another and larger gun at 
Mount Holly, but getting no one to assist liini 
who could stand the heat, — which is said tn 
have been so great as to melt the lead Imtrons 
on his clothes, — it remains unfinished, ei;liet 



DON 



27G 



Don 



01 Holly Forge or tlio CarlMc bnrnicks. A 
lurt'c n-wiinl. offcnil by ilif Urilish lo ihi- \<vr- 
suii ulio wciulil iii!<iriict lliein in this mnniitiic- 
tiiri-, wns no tcimiliition lo lliis |i»iriotic bluck- 
snii:b. —JCsstr /{r>i., Jan. 13, IKll. 

Donop, t'ousT, ool. of n Ilt-ssian rejt. in 
III" ItriiiAi service ; kilknl at lied linnk. N.J.. 
< IcI. 22, 1777,11. l\;. Ill" binilcil iit Lon;; Island 
AUL'. 22, 1770; look |iart in the Imllle there 
Au]L'. 27,nnd (»ei.22, 1777, nttneke<l Fort M<t- 
rvr. nl Red It.ink, and fell nt the tirit tire. "It 
is liiiishin); a noble career early." said he to 
Chev. Manduit ; " but I die the victim of mv 
Hinliitinii and of the avarice of my .sovcreijjn .'' 

Doolittle, Amos, the lir'i whocn}:nived in 
cci|i|»iT in this couiitrv, h. Cheshire, (ji ; d. X. 
lUven, Ci., .Ian. .■ll.'lM2,n. 78. Self-tiin^'ht ; 
at 21, lie commenced business as an en;,'ravcr, 
having prcviouslv served an apprcniiceshipwiih 
a silversmith. While a vol. at Canibrid)re, he 
visited the ballle-^'roiind nt Lexington, and on 
his return to New Haven made an en;:ravin',' 
ol the acliiMi, bis tirst attempt in tliat art. 
This is believed to be ilic lirst historical en- 
pravinj; exiriilol in America, lie executed .3 
other historical prints in relation to the expe- 
(litii>n lo I.exinfiton and Coneonl. — .V. E. 
M;., . ii., 5M. 

Doolittle, Bknj.vmin, minister of North- 
field. .Ms., Irom 1718 to his d., Jan. 9, 1749 ; b. 
July 10. IG95. Y. C. 1716. He was a physi- 
ciaii also. I'ub. a valuable " Narrative of the 
Mischief by the French and Indians from 1744 
to 1748." and an " Imiuiry into Knlhii«iasra." 

Dorgan, Jons AvLMiiR, poet, b. 1836; 
d. I'hila., 1 .lan.l8G7. A conveyancer by profes- 
sion. A vol. of his poems, collecied from the 
niairnzines and jnnrnuls, was pub. in 1866. 
Tlicy possess much beauty and merit. 

Dorhman, Arnold IIesuv, a merchant 
of Lisbon, and a friend of American iilwrtv ; 
d. .Sieubenvillc, (}.. .Mar. 21, 1813. u. 6.5. So 
zealous were his elToris in behalf of our captured 
seamen, that the British (iovt. demanded his 
expatriation. He came to the U. S. in 1783, 
and rcceiveil ooinpensntion, in money and a 
Wcstcni township, for the losses he had sus- 
tained, and received from Congress, also, an 
Bjip. ns their n;:ent at Lisbon. — .Va/. /»<<•//., 
Ap . 4. 1913. 

Dornin, Tno«.\s Alotsius, commo. 
U.S.N., b. Ireland. .Midshipm. May 2. 1815; 
lieut. 182.5; eapt. I8.')(). lie com. storeship 
" Relief." in the South .Sen expl. cxihhI. While 
com " The I*orismouth,"in 18.51, he frustrated 
Walker's tillibustcrin;^ attempts, and rescued 
some 40 Ainer. citizens of (^funyamas, held in 
durance by the authorities of Mazatlan ; after- 
ward served as fleet eapt. of" The Wabash," in 
the .Mediterranean ; of " The San Jacinto " and 
" ronsiellation," coa-t of Africa. During the 
Rebellion com. the IJaliiiuorc station, and has 
since had char;;e of the .5th Light-house Uis- 
trii-i. — Hum nil/. 

Dorr, nKvuMiN. do. (U. of Pa. i8.3S), 

Pr.-Kp clergyman and author, b. Snlisbupi', 
Ms., Mar. 22. 1796; d. Oerninntown, I'n., 18 
Sept 1869. Dartm. Coll. 1817. Aflcr study- 
jnir law, he euleixd the Gen. Theol. .Sem. ut 
N Y. : wnsord by Bishop Ilobart in 1820; was 
iu 1 ?2l>-9 rei'lor of the chun-hes of Lansing- 



burg and Walcrford, and was in 1829-3.5 r<-c. 
tor of Trinity Church, Utica. In 183.5-7, lie 
was gen. agent of the domestic commilti'C of 
the Board of Missions, travelling 1.5,000 miles. 
Rector of Christ's Chiircli, I'hila., from4 Mnv. 
1837, to his d. In 18.39. ho was elected bishop 
of .Md., but declined. In 1 853, he visited F.gyi.t 
and the Holy Land. He pub. " The Churcli- 
mnn's .\Liniinl." " The llisiorv of a Pocket 
Prayer-IJook, written by Itself,'' " Recognition 
of Friends in Anoiher World," " Historical 
Account of Christ's Chunli, I'hila.," 1841 ; 
" Notes of Travel in Kirypt. the Holy Land, 
Turkey, and (Jrcocc," 18.50 ; " .Memoir of John 
F. Wat.soii," read before the Pa. Hist. Soe. — 
Duiicl.n.rl.: 

Dorr, Thomas Wilson, piditicinn, b. 
Providence, R.I., Nov. 5. 1805 ; d. there Dec. 
27,1854. II. U. 1823. Son of Sullivan Dorr, 
a ^acee.ssful manufacturer. He studied law in 
the office of Chancellor Kent, was odm. to the 
bar in 1827, and commenced practice in Provi- 
dence. Originally a Nat. Repub. in politics, he 
became a Deinoe. in 1837. The R. I. Govt, 
was then based upon a charter granted by 
Charles II. in 166.'!; and the ekctive franchise 
was limitcil to the holilerg of a certain amount 
of real estate, and to their eldest sons, — ab. one- 
third of thecilizens. Mr. Dorr was a memlier 
of the assembly in 18-3.3-7, and exerted him«clf 
in vain to procure a lil>ernl constitution. Mr. 
Dorr was chosen gov. by the suffrage parly in 
1841. May 3, 1842, .Mr. Dorr's govt, atleiiipt- 
ed to organize at Providence, and to seize the 
reins of power. Thi'V were resisted by the le- 
gal State govt., who atwcked and disperseil 
them, at Chepachet, May 25. Mr. Dorr fled 
to Ct., and afterward lo N. H. A reward of 
84.000 was oflTcred for his apprehension, by the 
authorities of R. I. He soon returned, was 
am'sted. tried, convicted of hi^'h treason, and 
sentenced to imprisonnieni liir life, but was 
pardoned in 1847 ; and in 18.53 the legisl. rc- 
storol to him his civil rights, and onlered the 
iword of his sentence to be expunged. He 
lived to see bis Stale under a li'icral constitu- 
tion, and his party in legal possession of the 
govt. 

Dorsey, John Stno, M.D. (U. of Pa. 
1802). phyjrian, b. Phila., Dec 23, 1783; d. 
Nov. 12. i818. He received a classical cducv 
lion, and siuilied medicine with his relative Dr. 
Physick. The yellow-fever soon alter appeared in 
Phila., and tiecameso prevalent, that a hospilnl 
was opened, lowbich he was app. resident phy- 
sician. This opjiortunity of invcstigaiing tho 
disease enableit him to aid in the establishment 
of abcltersystemof pmclice. He relunicd lioni'.' 
from a visit to Kurope in Dec. 1804, and soim 
gained a large-hareof bnsinc-s. He was in 18o7 
elected adjumt prof of surgery, which he hebl 
till he suceecdecl to the chair of imUrrin mtiUcti 
in 1816. He delivered 2 courses of Icciuns 
upon this subject, when he was made prof, of 
anatomy. He 0|iened the ses.sion with great 
eloquence ; but, on ihe evening of the same ilay, 
he was attacked with a fever, which in one 
week Icmiinaled his existence. As a surgeon 
and as a teacher, he was highly accomplished. 
Besides conlribs. to tho Pmilitlio, and other 
periodicals, and an editioa of Cooper's Surgerv 



r>OR 



DOXJ 



In the notes, he pub. " Elements of Surgery," 
ill L' vulv, 181.'!.— (iron's Med. Biog. 

Dorsey, Thomas Be.vle, lawvcr and ju- 
rist, b Md., Oct. 17, 1780 ; d. Dec. 26. 1855. 
St. John's Coll. 1799. He was adm. to prac- 
tise in Baltimore in 1803 ; in 18u7, and subse- 
quently, was a member of the State legisl. ; in 
1811 app. US dist.-atty. for Md.; in 1818, he 
resumed practice, his health being partially re- 
stored by agric. pursuits; in 1822 was app. atty.- 
gen. of the State, and from 1824 to 1851, he 
was chief judye of the third judicial district. 

Dostie, Dr. Antuonv p., citizen of N. 
Orleans, b. Saratoga Co., N.Y. ; d. Aug. 5, 
1866, from wounds received from the mob in 
that city, July .'iO. A harbor by trade. His 
fondness for study soon made liim prominent. 
He practised dentistry for some years in Chi- 
cago with success, but removed to N. Orleans, 
where his honest and genial nature won him 
many friends. The fearless expres-ion of loyal 
sentiments during the war brought upon him 
the intense hate of the disloyal, while it pro- 
cured for him, on the re-organization of the 
govt.of La., the app. ofauditor, — a posthe filled 
with credit and ability. The Const. Conv. 
ot 1864 re-assembled at the call of its pres. in 
the spring of 1866. The mob, which, July .30, 
broke up this convention, sought out Dr. Dos- 
tie as one of its first victims, and, though un- 
airncd, he was sliot, and beaten till he was sup- 
posed to be dead, and thrown into a cart with 
the dead bodies of the other victims of the 
mob. — Hee Memoir of Dostie, liij Kmili/ H. Reed, 
1868. 

Doty, James Ddane, gov. of Wis., 1841- 
4. h. X.Y , 1800; d. Salt Lake City, June 1.3, 
1865. Early in life he reraaveil to Wis. Terr., 
whence he was sent a delegate to Con::ress in 
18!9-4I,and was M.C. in 1849-.53. He was 
also for many years U.S. judge for Mich., 
supi. of Indian'Atfairs 1861-3, and gov. of 
Utah from 1863 until his death. — Hee Memoir, 
bi/ A. a. Ellis, in Colls. iVis. Hist. Soc, v., 369. 

Doubleday, Ab.ner, brev. maj.-gen. 
U.S..\., 1'. Hallston Spa, N.Y., June 26, 1819. 
West I'liiiit, 1842. lie was a civil engineer 
from 1816 until 1838 ; ^erved during the Mexi- 
can war in the 1 st Art., of wliich he became 1st 
'ieut. in 1847 ; capt. 3 Mar. 1855. From 1856 
tv- 1858, he served against the Seminole In- 
dians, and was at Fort Jloultrie until its evac- 
uation, Dec. 26, 1860; when the garrison 
withdrew to Fort Sumter. The first gun on 
the side of the Union was fired by him, April 
12, 1801. In June, 1861, he joined Uen. Pat- 
terson in Pa., and was made maj. 17ihlnf. 
14 May. He was put in com. of a battery, and 
afierwariV had charge of the defences on the 
ri^ht bank of the Potomac, near Washington. 
Feb. 3, 1862. he was made brig.-gen. vols., and 
placed in com. of the forts on the north bank 
of the Potomac. In the battle of Antietam, 
he com. a divi.iion in the 1st army corp.s. Gen. 
Hooker, and on the fall of Keynofils, Hooker's 
successor, at the battle of (Gettysburg, took 
com. of the corps. Maj.-L'cn. Nov. 29, 1862; 
engaged in the battles of Frcderickslmrg. Chan- 
cellorsville ; in the Pa. campaign, June-July, 
1863; brev. brig.-gen. and maj.-gen. USA., 
13 Mar. 1865, for gallant and merit, services in 



the Rebellion. Lieut.-col. 17th Inf., 20 Sept 
1864 ; col. 3jtb Inf., Sept. 15, 1867.— Cii//«w. 

Doubleday, Edward, an English nat- 
uralist, b. 1810; d. Lond., 1849. After mak- 
ing a tour of the U.S., he pub. a paper on the 
"Natural History of N. Amer.," and was app. 
one of the curators of the British Museum. 
He has contrib. to science the results of his 
researches concerning butterflies, in a work 
"On the Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera." 
He also wrote on ornithology, entomology, and 
zoology in the Entomological Magtizine, and 
elsewhere. — Ap/Jeton. 

Doughty, 'riicMAS, landscape-painter, b. 
Phila., July 19, 1793 ; d. N.Y., July 24, 1856. 
Apprenticed to a leather manuf., he afterward 
carried on the business on his own account. 
His taste for art, however, induced him in his 
28th year, contrary to the advice of his friends, 
to become a painter. He had previously at- 
tempted a few paintings in oil, and had received 
a quarter's tuition in India-ink drawing. He 
practised his profession for many years in the 
U.S., and also in Lond. and Paris, but died 
poor. He enjoyed liigh repute as a landscape- 
painter. Among his best pictures are "Peep 
at tlie Catskills," " View on the Hudson," 
" Lake Scene," " Old Mill," " Near the Del- 
aware Water Gap," and " Scene on the Sus- 
quehanna." 

Douglas, David, a British botanist, b. 
Scone, Scotland, 1798; d. July 12, 1834. 
While a laborer in the Glasgow Botanic Garden, 
he attracted the notice of Dr. Hooker, who 
procured for him an app. as botanical collector 
to the Hortic. Soc. of Lond. In this capacity, 
he travelled extensively in Amer.; in 1824 
explored the Columbia River and Cal., and in 
1827 traversed the continent from Fort Van- 
couver to Hudson's Bay. He made a second 
visit to the Columbia in 1829, and afterward 
went to the Sandwich Island<, where he fell 
into a pit, and was killed. Through his agency, 
217 new species of plants were introduced into 
Eng. He collected 800 specimens of the Cali- 
tornia flora. A gigantic species of pine., which 
he discovered in Cal., is named after him, Pinns 
Doiiqliis^ii. — Api'l'ton. 

Douglass, David Bates, LL.D. (Y.C. 
1841), scholar, b. Pompton, N.J., Mar. 21, 
1790; d. Geneva, N.Y., Oct. 19, 1849. Y.C. 
1813. App. lieut. of engineers U.S.A., he 
joined Gen. Prown in 1814; took part in the 
battle of Lundy's Lane ; repaired Fort Erie 
under the guns of the enemy, and at its assault 
com. a battery with such skill and gallantry, 
that he was brev. capt. Prof, of mathematics, 
aiul afterward of engineering at West Point, 
with rankof major, until 183I,andsubsc(|uently, 
as a civil engr., was employed upon the Croton 
Water Works, Morris Canal, Greenwood 
Cemetery, the Albany Cemetery, and the 
Protestant Cemetery at Quebec. App. prof, 
of architecture in the U. of N.Y. in 1832; 
pres. of Kcnyon Coll., O., in 1840-4; and in 
1848-9 prof mathematics and nat. philos. at 
(Jcneva Coll. In 1845, he delivered a course 
ol lectures at N. Haven on the Niagara cam- 
paiL'U. 

Douglass, Frederick, orator and jour- 
nalist, b. Tuckahoe, near Easton, Md., ab. 1817. 



DOU 



278 



DOW 



His minhcr was a tu'^ro sluvo, an'l liU fiiiln-r ii 
wliiii' niiin. Until llu- nja-of 10, la- k:\i a slave 
on llio pliiriMtioii of C.I. I-Mwar.j Llov.l ; 
ufltTrtiird liwil in Uallimciri', wlure tu' scirullv 
[uiiglit liiiiiM'lf 10 runil uml wiiie, unil, at the 
a^t- of 21 . tli'il rVmn ^lnvcn■. IK- «i-ni n. X.Y.. 
unil llieni'i: lo NVtv Kiilttiril. u'licrv he in., ami 
bnpiMii ti'cl liinist'll' l>_v dav-lalKir on tin- wliarvcs 
and ill ivurk^lmps. In ilic MiiiiintTuf 1841, lie 
!>|H>ke al an anti-lavcry ciinvi'niion at Xan- 
liiclei, anil sumi altir bt-canic a^i-nt ut'iliu Ms. 
Aiili'laviTV Sui-iety. He Iravulleil ami lee- 
turfil in N.K 4 viar.-; pul). in IS45 an anio- 
liio;;ra|ihy, ami soiin after went lo I'.urope, ami 
KeiuieiJ 111! slavery in nearly all tlie l«r;;e lotrns 
of Great Britain. ' In 1846, his friemls in En);, 
eontrili. £150 to liny him from his claimant in 
Md , and have liiiii inaiiiiinitteU in due form. 
On his remrii to the U.S. in 1847, he Ipcijanat 
Rochester, N Y., the pulilication of FniUrick 
Doiylitss'a Pmu-r, n wivkly journal llimich 
formerly a (iarrisonian disunionist, he re- 
nouneeil disnnionisin at a later period, and took 
the ground that slavery was ille);al and uncon- 
stitutional. In 18."i5, he rewrote his hio;;riipliy 
under the title of " My Bondaw and .My Kree- 
doTii " Became editor of the A'ii/iohii/ Era at 
Washin-ti.n, Sept. 1870. 

Douglas, STKriiKX Arnold, senator, b. 
Brandon, Kutland Lo., Vt., 23 Apr. 181.); d. 
Chica;,'0, .3 June, 1861. He worked at cal.inet- 
niakin;; ; stiidied in an acail. at Canandai::ua, 
N.y., in 1S.10-.3; then studied law; settled in 
Jacksonville, III., in Mar. 1834, where he was 
an auctioneer's clerk, and tiin^ht S'liool until 
his admission to the bar. Soon nttainiu); a 
lucrative practice, he became an active |>olitician 
and Demoe. orator, his small stature procuring 
him the title of " The Little Giniit.^' Aity.- 
gen. of the State, and memlicr of the lejjisl. 
in 1 83.'> ; app. re):islcr of the hind oflii-c at 
Sprin^Keld in 1.'*.'I7 ; cliiisen sec. of the State 
of III. in Oec. 1840; jiid-e of the III. Sup. 
Court in 1841-3; .M.C. 184.1-7, and prominent 
in the Oregon cnntroversy ; an advocate of the 
annexation of Texas, and a vij^onuis prommer 
of the Mexican war; U.S. senator. 1847-01. 
As chairman of the house committee on ter- 
ritories, he reported the joint resoluiion declar- 
ing Texas to be one of the U.S. In the senate, 
he supported Clay's compromise measures of 
18.'>0, maintainini; that Congress should not 
interfere in relation to the extension of slaverv 
in the.Tcrritoiies, but that the people of eacli 
should be permitted to decide whether it should 
be a free or slave ."^laie. Of this "Popular 
Sovereignty "d'lctrine, Doughu was the reputed 
author. As chairman of the territorial com- 
mittee, he reported in .Ian. 18j4 the cele'inilcd 
bill to organize the Territories of Kansas and 
Kcbraska, which was passed, and by which 
the Missouri Compromise wa.s repeaU'd. po- 
litical (Kirties rcvolntionir.ed, ami intense ex- 
citement pniiluceil in the fne Stales. In the 
Kat. Dennw. Conv. of IS.Ifi. Buchanan and 
Douglas wen' the rival cnndidales ; the former 
receiving' on the lOih ballot 108 voles to 121 
for Doii^'las. In I8!>7, he denounced nndnbly 
op|iose.l llic admission of Kas under the 
Lccomptiin (fniudulent) Consiiintion, and was 
thus involved in a coiitrover«v with Pres. Bu- 



chanan. In 1858, after an exciting and memo- 
rable contest iKMween Douglas and Abrabam 
Lincoln fur the U.S. senatorship, during wliii h 
joint iliseussions were held in various places. 
Sir. l)ou::liu was again electeil. lieinarkably 
snccc'stul in proiniitini; the local inlen-sts of 
Illinois: tlio constrneiion of the III. Central 
Kailroad wiu due principally to him. lie 
favored the iicquisiiion of I'nba whenever that 
island could he ohiaineil coiisi-ienily wiih the 
laH> of nations and the honor of the U.S. In 
186(1, he was the candidate of the Uemoc. party 
of the North for the presidency, and reieived'a 
very larye |>opular vole, thoui;h he had but 
12 electoral votes. After the Iteliellioii begun, 
lie supported the govt, in etTorts lo suppress it. 
He III. 1st .Martha I)., dau. of Col. Robert 
Martin of N.C. ; 2.1, Adele. dau. of J. M. 
Cult-, sir.ind comptroller of ilie treasury. 

Douglass, Wii.i.i.tM, M.l)., physician 
aii.l author, li. Kast I>j|liian, Scotlaiid, ab. 
1691 ; d. Boston, O -t. 21, 1752. Alter rvceir- 
int' his i.rofessional education at Paris and 
Leyden, lie settlcil at Hosion, 1718. He was a 
violent antagonist of Dr. Boylston, in his ef- 
forts to introduce iniK'iilation. His learning 
was considerable ; hut his prejudices were 
strong, and lie lai'kol judgment and taste. He 
wrote many political essays in the newspa|icrs, 
which Were generally tilled with saR-asiic re- 
marks u|mn the ma^'isirau-s, the clergy, the 
physicians, and the pis.pleof N'.lv lIis"Sum- 
niary or Hisiorii-al .\eeount of the British 
Settleineni.s," pub. in 1748 and 17.'>3. is inaccu- 
rate, ami records his private s<|iiabbles as well 
as public aftiiirs. He pub. an almanac in 1743, 
'44, calletl " Mrrniriun S"ninilir,um^," by Wil- 
liam Na.lir, S.X.Q., still valued for its list of 
chronological events; also some medical disser- 
tations. .\ town in Worcester Co., Ms., of 
which he was a proprietor and licnefactor, bears 
his name. — Thnrlirr. 

Douglass, Col. William, n Revol. (mi- 
trii.t. I.. 1741 ; d. March 27, 1777. He was an 
ofliier in llie French war, until the taking of 
QiielK'c ; subsi^iuenily disiin::. biniseir in tlie 
Revol. sinig'.rle as com. of a Hotilla on Ijike 
Cbamplnin ; in the siet;e and capiurv of St. 
John's in 1775. and in lakin;; a lan^'C number 
of prisoners, arms, amuinnition.aiid stores from 
the enemy. He was conimissioned. .lune 20, 
1775, col.' of a n'gt. from X. Haven Co , which 
took a |iniininenl part in the battle of Ix>ng 
Island, and distini;. himself at ilie battles of 
New York, Harlem, While Plains, and skir- 
mishes wiih the enemy alH.nt NY. in 1776, iu 
one of which he rcceive.l his dealh-stroke. 

DOW; LoKKXzo, nn i-civntric Methodist 
pivacher b. Coventrv l"t., Oct. 16, 1777; d. 
Georgetown, D.C, Ve\t. 2, 1834. Adopting 
the diK'trincsof the Methodists in the spring of 
1790. ai:ainst the wishes of bis family lici'Uiiie 
an ilinerani preacher His youth and eccen- 
tricity long pri'vented his n-cognition by the 
MetbcHlist conference; but he linally received 
u re;;iilar license lo ))rcach, nn.l, in spite of i-on- 
tuiuely an. I rebuffs an.l han|shi|.s of nil kinds, 
)K'rscvere>l for nearly 40 vcars with cnihusi- 
asm. nn.l often with asionisliing cff.-ct. He trov- 
elle.l over ICng an.l Irelanil, nn.l «lino-i every 
part of the U.S., and is said to have prencked 



r)0"W 



279 



DO^V 



exciic'd a i.'cjvHl.ce ".-.f "» j'"^, ,i,i,>,,v known 

ud. by Ui- Uowim , I po emical 

,,. ,n E»roi,'« «"'• 1^ ",\"^- A Short Account 
iri'o'ng Tu.vel." 8vo. 1823 l^u a 

tl'ie'a''":o,'th;Gulf; Made prisoncrncar 

Port 1''V*''r^:''-:' '® M n. (U.of Md. 1827), 
Dowler, Bi-nnet, ••"^^y, '"nhio Co., Va., 

April IC. "?'-^-" ,'i ,,,n^- and n March, 
1S;,4, bcg^in 1' ^^^" I .3 experiments npon 

"^^ In 84.V4 These researches ot Dr. 
S::;ier have woafor him a wide reputat.on.- 
^1^1inS.Jc...D.lX, a snccessfui writer 

and p.cuclaT. b. g"?-*^!"' ^ " Author of " Vin- 
Settlcd '".''-•^if; ',!"-•• Exposition of the 
iS^ic "••KcUfthcl'rotcstantScnp- 
lrophec.s „,,._^,„^,. „,■ Rora^inism, 8^o, 



,.;,.« " " uelcnceui luv- » .- ,, • 

, ,. ■ Uh- "llislorc of R'>ra^'"'»™'„ , ,?1 

Conference ^yv^^M. f^^^^^^ „,,,. 

t"l"cn:rofnrCote-s work on Roman. 

ism. — -I''''"'"*'; „„ ITSX h. Can- 

Downes, Jobs, commo. U.b-^-, " 
?ic 17^4 ■ d Charlestown, Au-. U, 18->+- 
ton, Ms., 1 S4 . "• Y' ,„„„ , 1802 ; served in 
He entered t>'«/"»7. ^1"., j'n the Tripoliian 
*'" n^w. t'aUy dis'tin" in the att'ae^ on 

di,, immense, njury 'Vh',^ .-";>. xi.e Eper- 
eom .IU..C 4 18U^ Mediterranean squad., he 
"""• T ,ne 7 18 5,the Algcrine fnir^tc 
capt"rcd,.)une ''•'/",', ,,.h -,1817; coin. 
"Ka-houda." Capt. M'"'' .•'• 1 ,o',9_n ; 

:^^^au^;^^r^rZr^.>.^.-- 

can seamen. ^""^.0 ? e com. in tho' Pa- 
in 1837-12 and ISO -• " t,,e rcpuMics in 
cific durins the civil »•"'";;' ;„ ' otectin',; 

,847-8. ••«"''-'">-'^t;f;on iou. A.'dow.s^. 
our commerce. "'» *>"" 



i„, TT «; V d N Orleans, Sept. 20, 
commander U-&>-. "• -^ .' . ' ^ ()„,.;„» 

the monitor •' Nahan^ eommo., b. 

R^T-.'ltnd k -lV\he naval action on 

t.l.e1c:m:^a;{phicSdinco,.of^e 

fleet on the Lakes « / ^f j^, e'^Jr-Jkc 
com. the squadron "' .'''^..^.'^.'ile .^tl.am 
Cham,>lain, -'-- ',V\''i;^;,l 1 ,, Hi, ves- 

:::^L:^"H:n:^cl:^:^-.'veH;.;^;ona^ 

their study. '!'; "..':<;,. unowledu'e cn- 
1 ■ 1, . t .mliT • and his scicntme Kiionic"b^_ 

m the ombcllishments, ot rural ' te. ib>. 

™'"}'i:!!i:^;rwr"::;::rri;;'hiir;^d 

rrd't'.'<rBd:."ht treatises on ■• Fruit 
1 FruitTrees" 1815, "Landscape Gai- 
"." !'"l841 8vo " Arcdiitectnre ot Connirv 
?■'"' TJ"'1850 \md "Cottase Residences,: 
Houses, 1830, " ,.ontrib. to the pen- 

1842, he was a ''^^^''7/;°!,, ,,,,5,, conducted 
r"r-"^T;^u,^..^d"i;st;eatmentc,f 
by him^ell, «.i> '""-'^ , ; r^n-e. In 18+9, 
the >"l'>'-•^'=°"r; ;-;,. x" e = » rmnts to IVr- 

'"^ ''T b: n n " . th^^"'"^>--" '^'?"'V: 

TXi \ m d n'^ "Gardening' for La.hcs." 
ot Ml*- l-ouu<m » Y ,v Curt s. and a 
A Memoir of nin by Geo. Wm. <■ u 

" ^"'•'' ^■t;*^'';,^ George, son of Emanuel 
Downing, ^'^X^^^mi_ in 1638 to Salem, 

shire, lf'84. ''V c w,r, in the Gen. Court in 
father reprcsen-cd f''"'™"'^,*;.^'",^ of Gov. 
ifi^s-43 H s mother was Lucy, si-iero 

chaplain to 0° • O^^^ t-^nmissary-.-eu. and 
army, and, in loo. .^^ Scotland; 

-:^.{;^":e'i-i;Sed'bra.^.esii >i;^ 
^■•«T''7i^ranVtr::^:r:";d^'nv5^ 

of Cols. Okey "''%»'V^':;:^ ■ ]"\,^o were sent 
3 of the ju.L'cs ot ^"- V^, . ,,,i^ act, he was 

principal agency, the -New .n.u 



JJOV 



280 



DRA. 



wrostt'.! fruiu the Dutch, niul nnnexed to the 
Kii|;l>'''h |io4ses>iuns lui Now York. Ilu was 
nrtcr»iiril s.'!'. of the trons. aixl n eomniissioncr 
of Ihu customs. lie waK iToiiIcil u biiroiiet, 
July I, IGiJ'l. Sent in IGTI on a mission to 
Hoiluml, ho rctunicil hvloie coinplctin;,' his 
errunO to the snti^riKtion of the kiiit;, und was 
imprisoned in ;he Tower, hut was H(;ain re- 
ceived into f.iviir. Gov. lirailstrerl w.is his 
bro.-in-hiw. l>i>uiiin;;St., London, |H'r|K'tnaies 
his name. lie wasii man of uhility, ami natu- 
ral fitness lor gioliiii's. Author of I'oliiical 
Tracts, 1664-72. Ills grandson. Sir George, 
foundetl Downing ('oil., Cambridge, Eiig., in 
1717; li. 1747. 

Doyle, Sir Jons, n B'itish gen., b. Dub- 
lin. I7.)6; d. Aug. 8, IS.14. Trin. Coll., 
Dublin. I.iout. of light inf. nt Boston in 
1775; ndj. in the liatile of lirooklvn, L.I., 
iiiid (jormaiitown ; eapt. of tlie " Volunteers 
of Ireland : " then innj. of brigade at the cap- 
inre of C'h.irle.-ton, the battles of Camden ami 
ll'.bkirk's Hill. At the head of n corps <if 
light e.iviilrv, Maj Dovie o]ierati-il nguinst 
Gen. Marion iu the Sjiring of 1781, and 
destroyed his camp at Snow Idand.but was 
pursued by Marion, aTid e-i'a|Kd with the loss 
of his bn_'grt;;e. Durini; the wars of the 
Fn.'iich revol., ho siTved in Uolland, 1794, in 
Ireland us see. ol war, and in Kgypt under 
Gen. Aliorcromliio, where he was highly dis- 
ting. He was madu n bart. in 18Uj ; full gen. 
in 181'.l. — /.'fts.. 

Drake, Uiin.i.vmin, author and jounmlist, 
b. .Ma.-on Co., Ky., Nov. 2S, 1794 ; d. Cincin- 
nati, April I, U<41. Many years editor of the 
Ciiiciimali Cliruiiicle, of extensive circulation. 
Author of '■ Tales from the Queen Ciiv," 
1838; " Mfc of Tecnmseh," 1841 ; " Cincin- 
nati in 18:J6," bv U. Diake and E. D. Mans- 
field, 1827 ; •' Life ami Adventures of Black 
Unwk," 18.!8 ; " Life of Gen. ll.irrison," 1840, 
and " The UVsterii Agriculturist." 

Drake, ('u.vkles l).. jurist and |>olitician, 
b. Cincinnati. April 11, ISll. lie R-ceivol an 
acailomieal eilucaiion. Was a midshipman in 
the niivy Irom 1827 to I8.'J0, but resigned, and 
was adm. to the bur of Hamilton Co., U., in 
May, 1;?3.1. lie was a frequent contrib. of 
prose and verso to the Cincinnati journals. Re- 
moved to St. Louis in 1834, and rapidly lie- 
cainc prominent. In 1860, he entered the' Mo. 
legist., and has taken a prominent part in the 
political movements of the day, having liccn 
a strong advocate of cnmncipation in Mo. 
Member of the State Convention of ISfi.l; 
meinlier and viee-pros., and a lending spirit, of 
that which forine.l the present constitution of 
Mo. in 18lij ; U.S. senator from 18ij7 lo 1871 ; 
app. chicl'jnstiee U. S. Court of Claims, Jan. 
1871. lie lias pub. "Law of Attachments," 
18.-i4; Life of his father. Dr. Daniel Drake, 
1871. 

Drake, D.inikl, M.D. (U. of I'a. isie), 

.iihy-iciuniiudaiiihor.bro. of Uenj.,b. PIninficId, 
X.J., Oct 20, 1 785 ;il. Cincinnati. Nov. 6, 1852. 
Isaac, his father, emig. to Ma~on Co , Ky., in 
1788. Daniel l).a:in practice in Cincinnati in 
I8l>4. In 1817. he was [irof. in the Transylv. 
Med Srh.Hd. In IX-c. 1818, ho procured from 
the Ohio legisl. a charter for the med. coll. of 



O. at Cincinnati, and also established then- in 
1821 the Commrreiil Hospital, ami in 1827 
the Eye Infirmary. In 1821, he again accept- 
ed a chair in the Tran-ylv. wliotd, and till his 
death was, with brief intiTinis«ion«, nmnectol 
with mjdical schiMils; huldini; profcssor^lii|*s in 
that, in the Jeff. .Mi-d. Coll., I'bila . the Cincin- 
nati Med. Coll.. the t'.of I><mi-ville, and at his 
de:ith was prof, in the mod. cull, of <). He 
pub. " Diseases of the .Mi-sp»-i[ppi Valley," 
2 vols., 1850-4 ; " An Ilistorieal and Scientific 
Account of Cincinnati ami the Miami Coun- 
try," 1815; "Noticesof Cincinnati." 1810 and 
18.32; " Practiciil Essays on .\led. IMucution," 
18.'t2 ; " I'niciical Treaii-c on Epiilemie Chol- 
era." 1832 ; " The Northorn Lakes," 8vo, 1842 ; 
besides numerous pamphlets. In 1827—19. bo 
edited the Westmi Joanial nf Mtil. Sricncrs, 
and, after its transfer tn lA>uisvillc as Tlie 
WeMrrn Journal i,f Mr'l. tind ^uryrri/, wasone 
of its editors from 18.19 to 1848. A Memoir 
of him, by E. D. Mansfield, was publisbctl 
in Cincinnati, I8.>5. — .SVr Mrmolr in (jraui'i 
Ainer. M.d. Dior/, and Life, bu CharUt D. 
Urake,U-,\. 

Drake, Sir Fran-cis. a celebrnlcd navigs- 
tor. b. in the village of Cn>wndale, near Tavis- 
tock. Eng.. ab. I5a7; d. in the harlnr of I'orto 
Bello, 28 Jan. 1396. Bred a sailor, he accomp. 
his relative. Capt. John Ilau kins, to S. Ainer., 
and w;is treacherously niuiekiil by the Spun- 
ianls nt St. Juan do Clloa. In 1572. he took 
Nombre do Dios. and returned home with n 
large amount of ireasuiv. In 1573-5. he did 
excellent siTvice in suppressing the rcU'Hion in 
Ireland. Dec. 13, 1577, he com. nu cxpt'd. to 
the South Sea : a tem|>cst, encoiintereil iinmedi- 
ntely after passing the Straits of Magellan, left 
him, with a single vessel, in a forlorn eon<lition 
in an unknown sea. He prosecuted his voyage, 
however ; took several valuable prizes, ami, to 
elude pursuit. souL'ht a N. I'., passage into the 
Atlantic; discovered California, and was the 
first to find gold there, which was reiiorted 
on his return lo Entr. Strikini; across tlie Pa- 
cific, he arrived at Plymouth 26 Sejil. l.')80. be- 
ing the first Englishman who had sailed niund 
the world. Ajir. 4. 1381, Qu'Tn KlizaU'th 
ilined on hoard his ship, and knighted him. 
Mayor of Plyinonih in 1381 ; .M.P. 1584-3 and 
1593. In 1.591, hecompletc<l ilic L'ri-nt engin- 
eering feat of supplying Plymouth with pure 
water, which was brongiit some 20 miles. In 
1585. he made another expcd. to the W.Indies. 
Drake's next exploit was in 1587. entering the 
|Mirt of Cadiz ill spite of its forts, and burning 
ami di-slniyinj; the Spanish Heel which Philip 
II. was preparing lor the subjn::aiion of the 
English liereiics. A powerful anrada was sent 
in 1588 ; but the valor of Drake and his co-<id- 
jiitors broke its power; and the elements I'oin- 
ideted its d stniciion. In 1589. Dnike and 
Norris le<l an cxpi-d. lor the restoration of Don 
Antonio to the crown of PortULid. which 
failtd lor want of co-0|iemtiun on the part of 
his ndheivnis. In 1595. Drake sailed wiih Sir 
John Hawkins on anoili rexptd to S. .Vmer , 
which rc-"iltcd disasinmsly. I oth le •dcrs I -ing 
parried off by diseases inciileni to the climate, 
lie left no children, and dis|ioS4-d of hi- property 
bv will, — a fact luentioned for the l>cnelit of 



DHA. 



281 



r)R^ 



those < r:iiming to lie descended from one who 
liad no (le^cetnlants. 

Drake, .Tosti-u Rodmax, poet, b. N. Y., 
Aiit;-. 7, 1793; d. Sept. 21, 1820. He lost his 
father in early life, and with 3 sisters stnifigled 
with jioverty. He sttulicd medicine; and his 
marriau'e in 1S16, soon itfter takins; his degree, 
with Sarah, dau. of Henry Hckford, placed 
him in affluence. He travelled in Enropc, and, 
after his return in, 1819, contrih. verses under 
the si'.jnature of " Cfoaker," to the .V. 1'. Even- 
ing Post. His hirL'Cst and nio~t imaginative 
poem is the " Culprit Fay." Thou<;h Drake 
had written from his boyhood, yet ilie poems 
which gave him his rejnitaiion were all pro- 
duced in a single season. His health failing, 
he passed the winter of 1819 in New Or- 
leans. His death callcil forth a beautiful poet- 
cal tribute from liis friend Halleck. A selec- 
tion of his poems, including " The American 
Flag," was pnb. in 1836, by his only child, a 
dau.. who m. Com. DeKay. 

Drake, Samcei-, the pioneer of the drama 
at the West, h. Eng. 1767; d. near Louisville, 
Ky., Oct. 17, 1854. He was the father of 
those well-known performers, Alexander, Sam- 
uel, and .lulia Drake, and was himself an actor 
of no ordinary distinction. Made his Anier. 
dSiit in lS09,"at tlie Federal-st Theatre, Boston. 
Julia was the mother of Wm. \V. Fosdiek, 
the poet, by her first husband, and of Julia 
Dean, the actress, by her second. Another 
conspicuous actress of this family is Julia 
Drake Chapman, dau. of Alexander Drake. 
The family came to the U.S. about 1800. Its 
youngest member, James G., is known to the 
public 'cliiefly as a song-writer. His "Tom 
Breeze," " Parlez Bas," and other songs, have 
been widelv admired. He resided in Louis- 
ville, Kv., where bed. May 1.3, 1850. — Poets 
and Pw'lri/ of the Wfsl. 

Drake, Samuel Gardner, historical writ- 
er, b. Piiistield, N.H., Oct. U, 1798. He re- 
ceived a common school education, and between 
the ages of 20 and 27 was a district school 
teacher. Removing to Boston, he established 
there in 1828 the Aniiquarian Bookstore, the 
first of its class in the US. One of the found- 
ers of theN.E. Hist, and Genealogical Soc, of 
which he was ]>res. in 1858. He began the 
publication of its quarterly " Register " in 
1847, and continued it many years as editor 
and publisher, contributing many biog. and 
hist, articles to its pages. He resided in Lon- 
don in 1 8.18-60. He has pub. " Church's Phi- 
lip's War, with Additions," I2mo, 182.5; 
" Sketches of the Hist, of Xorthwood, N H., 
for Colls. H. Soc.," 1832; "Indian Biogra- 
phy,' 12mo, 1832 ; " Book of the Indians," 8vo 
(1 1th ed. 18.51), 183.3; "Old Indian Chroni- 
cle," I8mo, 1836 ; " Indian Captivities," 12mo, 
1839; "Genealogical and Biographical Acct. 
of the Fam. of Drake," 12mo, 184.5 ; " Review 
of Savage's cd. Winthrop's Journal," 8vo, 
1854 ; ' Hist, and Antiqs., Boston," roy. 8vo, 
1856 : " Result of Researches among the Brit. 
Archives," 4to, 1800; " Memoir of Sir Walt. 
Ilaleigh," 4to. 1862; " Introd. and Nutes to 
Mather's Indian War of 1675-6." 1862; 
" Introd. and Notes to Mather's Relation," 
4to, 1864; "Introd. and Notes to Hubbard's 



Indian Wars," 2 vols., 4to, 1865; "Introd. 
and Notes to Mather's Wonders Invis. World, 
and Calef's More Wonders," 3 vols., 4to, 
1866; "The Old Indian Chronicle," 4to, 
1807 ; " Annals of Witchcraft in the U.S.,"4to, 
1869 ; " History of the Five Years' Kreneli and 
Ind. War," 4to, 1870, &c. He contrib. the 
article " Massachusetts," to the Encyclop. Bri- 
tannica. 

Draper, John- William, M.D., LL.D., 
chemist and phvsiologist, b. Liverpool. Eng., 
May 5, 1811. He was educated at the U. of , 
Lundoi). He emigrated to Amer. in 1833, 
continHin]!S*is chemical and medical studies at 
the U. of PiL^sjvhere he took the degree of 
M.D. in 1836. FKlf. of chemistry, nat. philos., 
and physiology, in^amp Sid. Coll., Va., in 
1836-9. Dr. Draper\ext filled the chair of 
chemistry and nat. hishjry in the academic 
dept. of the U. of N.Y., wHfej-e he al.so delivered 
lectures upon physiology. Iri~^^841 , he was app. 
prof, of chemistry in the Univehiity Med. Coll., 
which he had aided in establishing ; and, in 
1830, physiology was added to the chair of 
chemistry. He has also acted as the medical 
faculty's sec, and, since 1850, as their presiding 
officer. He took charge, in 1854, of the chair 
of analytical and practical chemistry of the U. 
of N.Y. City. He has devoted much attention 
to the study of the action of light, and was the 
inventor of the application of tlie daguerrotype 
process to the taking of portraits. He has 
written much, and with high reputation. Be- 
tween 1838 and 1 857, he fnnli^hed to the Ecllnb. 
Philos. .foHiiial ah. 40 treatises, besides contrib. 
to other scientific journals. Author of a 
" Treatise on the Organization of Plants," 4to, 
1844; a popular " Te.\t-book on Chemistry," 
1846; and .another on " Natural Philosophy," 
1847 ; a " History of the Intellectual Develop- 
ment of Europe; "" Thoughts on the Future 
Civil Policy of Amer. ; " " Hist, of the Amer. 
Civil Wari" 3 vols., 1867-8, and " .Memoirs 
on the Chemical Action of Light." His most 
elaborate work is a treatise on " Human Pliy- 
siulogy. Statical and Dynamical," 1856. 

Draper, Ly.mas C, historical writer, b. 
near Buffalo, Sept. 4, 1815. He has since 18.33 
been engaged in making colls, of Western 
history and biog., and has edited 4 vols. Wis. 
Hist. Soc. Colls. Pres. of that body. Author 
of " Madison, the Capital of Wis., its Growth," 
&c., 1837. 

Draper, SiMEoy,' politician of N.Y., b. 
1804; d. WhiKstone, L.I., Nov. 6, 1866. He 
was a prominent merchant of N Y , but did 
notsHcceed, and became an auctioneer. Active 
in politics, he was long the friend of W. H. 
Seward ; was several times a member of the 
Whig Slate Central Committee; in 1864, chair- 
man of the Union State Central Committee ; 
was many years an administrator of the jiublic 
charities; provost-marshal in 1862, and col- 
lector of the port of N.Y. in 1864. He was an 
able and influential man, of generous impulses 
and strict integrity. 

Drayton, Joiiv, gov. of S C. I8OO-2, and 
1808-10. Dist.juilgeof the U.S. till his d., at 
Charleston, Nov. 27, 1822, a. 60. Son of Wm. 
Henry. He pnb. ".\ View of S.C.." 1802; 
"Memoirs of the Kevol." in that State," 2 



■DTtA. 



282 



DBTT 



vols.. 8vo, IS'I, aiul " UtUTi writn-n .luring 
a Tour ilin.iiu-h tlio Northern unJ Eusu-m 
SiaU'S,' Svo. 1794. 

Drayton, I'EKcivAL.cnpt. l.s.>.,i>.»x-. 

All" as, I8U'; d. \V«.,hinu'ton. UC. Auc.4. 
ISii') Son of Hon. Wni. Driivtoii, M L. 
Mi.isliii.m.m, IK-c. 18JT ; Ik-ut F.-l;. 28. 1818; 
W.IS .iiucliisl to tliL- ob»crv«iory, Wttslimjsion. 
ill 18JJ ; corainiina. Sept U, 1855 ; j.iincd the 
Pttra.'unv exped. in 185S, and from I860 until 
the o.itf.re..k of .ivil war, was on oi^lnam-o 
dutv at I'liila. 'Phonjih strongly bound bv 
family ties to ihe sceediiig States, he remained 
loval'to the national flac, and, in thcex)>ed. to 
I'ort Uoval, eoin. the steamer " rocahonuis ; 
his brother. Oen. T. F. Urayton eoin. at the 
same time the confed. troops at Hilton Head 
Mand. He was afterward transferred to " 1 he 
I'awnee," ami Julv 16, 1862, was promoted to 
capl., and ordcriMl to the new Kriesson iron- 
Imticrv ■• IVs..aio." He was in the boiii!mrd- 
ment "of Fort Me.VUister; in the atiaekon 
Sumter bv D.ipont ; Beet capl. of the V\ . C,"ir 
squad., uiider Fariasiut, and was in ' The Hart- 
ford " at the fiirht with and capture of the 
relK!l fl«t in Mobile Bay. An^'- 5^1864. Ho 
was partieularlvdisiin^'. us lla--offiecr. App. 
chief of the bureau of navij;alion, Apr. aS, 

Drayton, Willum, LI..D , judge, b. 

SC Kit; d. June, 1790. Kducaied at the 
Middle Temple, Loud., where he studied law 4 
years; retunu-d to Amer. in 1754, and in 1769 
was app. .hief justice of the Provim-c of K. 
Fla. Durinu' the Uevol. war, he was sus|>endcd 
from oflioe, then reinstated, and with bis family 
passed some rime in En;,'. After the peace, ho 
was successively ju.l^e of the Admiralty Court 
of S.C.. assoc. justice of the Sialc. Mar. to 
Oct. 1789, and a judge under the U.S. Govt., 
app Oct. 1789. 

Drayton, Wnt-nsi, soldier and states- 
man, h. St. Au-ustinc. Fla.. Di-c. .10. 1776 ; d. 
I'hila. Mav 24, 1846. Educated in En-.; 
aim. to the b.ir in 1797 ; some time assist, 
clerk in a Court of Sessions in S.C., nii<l, 
thon -li a Federalist, wos app. lieut.-col. lOth 
US "inf.. Mar. 12, 1812 : col. 18th. July6, 1812; 
in;p.-gen. Aus. 1, 1814; M.C. 1825-3.1. In 
1830 he was a leader of the Union party in 
opiKisition to that of nullifi.ation. Uemoviin; 
to I'hila. ho succeeded Bid.lle as pres. of the 
US Bank in 18.19. ami aided Cicns. Scott 
and Macomb in preiwrint; a .system ot inf. 
tai tics. Kccorder of Charleston in 1819. 

Drayton, Willum Henrt. statesman 
an.l poliiieal writer, b. on Ashley River, S.C, 
S<-pt 1742; d.l'hibi., Sept. .1.1 779. A nephew 
of Gov. Bull. Educatol at Westmin-ier onJ 
Oxford, between 175.1 and 1764, when he re- 
turned to Carolina In 1769, an nrlielc under 
the si-nature of" Freimaii " involved hiin in a 
political contr.)yersy with Gadvlen aiid .John 
Slackeniie. In 1771. alter revisilinK Em;., he 
was app. privy councillor for the Province of 
S C. ; but. as' the Kevol. crisis approached, he 
e<i>ous<^J the popular cau-e, and protcslrd 
a-ainst the procccdi.iL's of his collea-iies. In 
1T74 he wrote a pamphlet under the sicnature 
(if "Frcemin," aldnssed to the Araeneaii 
Coni.'ress. in which ho stated the grievauces ol 



America, and drew up a bill of ri.^'hu. It sub- 
sianiiallv markeil out the line ol conduct 
adopted 'by Congress, then in session. He wa* 
app. a ju<lgc in 1774. Suspended from his of- 
fices under the crown, he was mode a meiuber 



m.X'» uimei Hit ».iv".i, ...- " — -- — I 

of the ixjpular c-omniitlec of safely. <>n tlio H| 
formation of a popularconstitulioii, ho was re- H 
instated in the corres|iondinj,' offices of the ^ 
StaU", and. in 1776, was advanced to the rank 
of chief justice. Ho pub. his charge to tho 
grand jury in Apr. 1776, which breathes all 
tho spirit and cnoru'Vof the mind which knows 
the value of freedom', and is deierinined to suj>- 
jiortit. Member of the Proviiuiul Congress m 
1775 of which ho became pres. Pres. of S C. 
in 1777; memlier of the ("out. Congress in 
1778-9. He left a manuscript history of tho 
Kevol. to the end of the year 1778, which was 
pub. by bis son. Gov. John Drayton, in 1821, 
2 vols.', 8vo. — /^»^T«. . . ^ 

Drew, Dasiel, a N.^ . miMionnairc, h t ar- 
mel, Putnam Co., N.Y., 1788. At fir-t a 
farmerlN.y, then an employi? on a North Kiv- 
er steamboat. He U-camc on owner of stoik, a 
Uuilder of iniv.-niticent steamlwats. a liold stock 
operator in Wall Street, and finally a raiilion- 
naire. In 1866. lie gave $250,000 towanl lound- 
ing the Dnw Tlieol. Seminary of .Madison, 
N J.. — a sum increased by successive donations 
to nearly a million dollars. 

Drinker, .\ssa. poet, known by the iiom 
de lUn., •■ E.liih Mov," b. Pa. Her contribu- 
tions to ihe Hume Jmirmil were highly com- 
mended by N. P. Willis. She has pub • Po- 
etical Works." Svo. 1854; "Talcs ond Poems 
for Children," 1855, l-2mo. — .Sfe Oruavld $ 
Ftmale I'octs of Amrr. 

Drown, SoLOMos, M.D., a physician and 
botanist, 1. Providence, li.I.. 175.1; d. 1834. 
BU. 1774. He stiidieil medicine, was a sur- 
gc«.n in the Uevol. army, and vi-ited Enrope, 
to jierfect his pr<ife<sioiiul edacatioii. m I < 84. 
He snbsoquentlv pr.ictised medicine at I'rovi- 
dence, in Ohio, an.l in Western P.i.. but in 
1801 sciile.1 in Foster, R.I., where he pas.scd 
Ihe remainderof hi«life. In 1.511, hewus npp. 
prof of materia medico and botany in BrowQ 
U. Member of the Am Acad, ot Arts and 
S.ienccs and of several learned liodies. He 
pub. " The Farmer's Guide," 1825 ; also some 
occasional addresses. 

Dreuillettes, GAnRiEL. .T.-.nit missionary, 
b France, I.Vj:i ; d. Quelle, 8 Apr. 1681. He 
was sent loCan.idain 1643; l>ec.tme a mission- 
ary to the wandering Algonqnins, and after 
losing his sight, which was iiiiraculonsly rc- 
ftor\-d, continued his lalwrs among ihem near 
40 years. He evangeliie.1 the Montajr<asi«. 
Algompiins, Crecs, Paimnachois, and Abnakis 
on the St. Lawrence and Kennebec, and for 
several years after 1666, laliored amons the 
Oil i>yi- and Cliipiiewas at Sault. Sic. Mario. 
_ >■/„., \ //,./ ..iMi^io,,,. ,(-. 

Drummond.SiB (i»RfOX.a Bnush gn. 
b. QucIkv. 1771 ; d. Loudon, l>t. 10. 18.54. 
Son of Colin, paymaster to tho troops in L. 
Canada in 177i: En*i-n in 1T89; became 
cen 18->5. He scrvd in HolUn I in 1,94-5, 
in Kgypt in 1801 ; as a MaffM.fficer at .lamaira 
for soine years, and on the >ta;r in (. anado m 
1808-11;' lieul.-gen. 1811. Sept. 1813. ho 



DXT^ 



28:: 



JDTJC 



went to Canada as sccomi in com. to Sir 
George Prevost. He planned ilie capture of 
Fort Niagara. Dec. 19, 1813 ; took the villages 
of Black Rock and Buffiilo, Dee. 31, 1813; 
captured and destroyed the barracks, works, 
and stores at Oswego, in May, 1814, and com. 
at the ol)stinately-contested battle of Lund\-'s 
Lane, July 2.5, 1814, and was severely wound- 
ed. Aug. 15, he aitacked Fort Erie, and was 
repnl>eu with heavy loss. He succeeded Pre- 
vo^t in the com. in 1814, and in the adminis- 
tration of the govt., but returned to Eng. in 
June, 1810. In 1817, he received the grand 
cross of iho Bath. 

Duane, James, statesman, h. N.Y. Citv, 
Feb. 6, IT-i.'i; d. Duanesburg, N.Y., Feb. 'l, 
17'J7. From Anthony, his lather, he acquired 
a large estate in Dnanesburg, N.Y., which he 
began to settle in 176.5. Oct. 21, 1759. he m 
a dan. of Col. Robert Livingston. Adopting 
the profejsion of the law, he became a member 
of the Revol. committees of N.Y. ; of the Old 
Congress. 1774-7 and 1780-2; attended the 
Indian treaty at Albany in Aug 1775; mem- 
ber of the Const. Conv. in 1776-7, and on the 
cominitrce todr.ift the same; member commit- 
tee of safety, 1776-7; returned to X.Y. City, 
on its evacuation in 1783; became a member 
of the louncil, State senator, 1 783—4 : first may- 
or of X.Y. City, 1784; member of the conv. 
to adopt the Fe<leral Constitution in 1788 ; U. 
S. (li>lrici judge, 1789-94. 

Duane, Col. William, editor and politi- 
cian, b. near Lake Champlain. N.Y., 1760; d. 
Phila., Nov. 'M. 1835. At the age of 11, he 
was taken by Jiis mother, t\v n a widow and a 
Roman (^alholic, to Ireland, and liberally edu- 
cated. He became a pi inter. Went to India in 
1784, rapidly amassed property, and became 
editor of the World. Having opposed the lo- 
cal govt., he WU.S seized, and sent to Eng., 
and his wealth confiscated: He sought redress 
in vain, and soon became eiiitor of the General 
Ailcertisir. si<lJngin polities with Home Tooke 
and other lincrals. In 1795, he came to 
Phila., ar.il edited the Aurora, which, by able 
management, became the most inHu'ential 
organ of the Democ. party. Jefferson attrib- 
uted his election to the presidency to its 
vigorous support, and app. him lient.-col. of 
rifles, July 8, 1808 ; adj.-gen., rank of col., 
March, 1813 to June, 1815. On the removal of 
the seat of ttovt., the influence of the Aurora 
declined. He withdrew from it in 1822, and 
travelled through the S. Amer. republics ; pub. 
an account of his travels on his return, enti- 
tled " A Visit to Columbia, 1822-3," Phila., 
1826. Prothonotarv of the Supreme Court 
of Pa., from 1826 till his death. He j.ub. 
"Military Dictionary," 1810; " Hand- Book 
for RiHci'nen," 1813 ;'" Mississijipi Question," 
8vo, Pliila., 1803, '• An Kpitome (f the Arts 
and Sciences," 1811 ; "Hand-Book for Infiui- 
trv," 1SI3; "Amer. Military Library," 2 
vols., 1S19. 

Duane, William, b. Phila., Feb. 7, 1808. 
Son of Wm. J. Editor of "Christopher 
Marshall's Diarv," 18:i9, and new enlarged eil., 
1849. Author 'of " View of the Relation of 
Landlord and Tenant in Penn.," 8vo, 1844 ; 
" Law of Roads, Highways, Bridges, and 



Fer.ies in Pa.," 12mo, 1848, " Coflfce, Tea, 
and Chocolate," transl. from the French, 12mo, 
1846; "Canada and the Continental Con- 
gress," 8vo, \f.hO. — AiUione. 

Duane, William John, lawver. Son of 
Col. Wm., b. Clonmel, Ireland, 1780; d. 
Phila., Sept. 27,1865. Originally a i)rinter; 
afterward a paper-dealer ; aduL to the bar in 
1815; often represented Phila. in the State 
legisl. He was a disting. lawyer ; look a deep 
interest in schools, and was a trustee, and 
subsequently a diiector, in Girard Coll. As- 
sisted his father aS editor of the Aurora. Sec. 
of the U.S treasury in 1833 ; was removed by 
Jackson. Sept. 23, 1833, for declining to order 
the removal of the deposits from the U.S. 
Bank. Author of " The Law of Nations In- 
vestigated," &c., 8vo, 1809; "Letters on In- 
ternal Improvements," Svo, 1811 ; "Narrative 
and Corrc^iiondence concerning the Removal 
of the iJepusits." Svo, 1838. 

Dubois, Joiix, D.D., R.C. bishop of 
N.Y., b. Paris, 1764; d. N.Y., Dec. 20, 1842. 
In 1791, the revolution drove him to the U.S. 
He officiated in Va. and Md. ; took charge of 
the mission at Frederick, Md., and in 1808, 
having become a member of the society of 
St. Sulpice, settled at Emmettsburg, and took 
an active part in the establishment of St. 
Mary's Coll. at Babimore. Oct. 29, 1826, he 
was elevated to the Episcopacy. 

Dubouohet (dii-l oo'-sha'), Flokimoxd 
Laxglois, marquis, a French gen., b. Cler- 
mont, Oct. 20, 1752; d. Paris, Oct. 1826. 
Having entered the army at the age of 15, and 
disting. himself in Corsica in 1769, he in 
1776 lent his services to the Americans, and 
in the following year was promoted to the 
rank of major on the field of battle of Sara- 
toga. In 1780, he joined Rochanibeau, and 
was ])resent at the surrender of both Bur- 
goyne and Cornwallis. At the conclusion of 
peace, he returned to France with the decora- 
tion of the Cincinnati, and received the cross 
of St. Louis. An emigrant at the epoch of 
the French revol., he re-entered France in 
1803; com. at Ypres in 1809, and Breda in 
1810. At the restoration, the title of marquis 
was made hereditary in his family; and in 
Oct., 1816, he was made lieut.-gen., but oc- 
cupied liimself with literary labors until his 
death. — LiitKi. Unit: Siip/il. 

Ducbd (du-sha'), Jacob, D.D., an elo- 
quent Proi.-Ep. clergvman, b. Phila., 1739; 
.1. there Jan. 3, 1798.' U. of Pa. 1757. Son 
of a Huguenot, who came to America with 
Wm. Penn. Licensed in 1759, by the bishop 
of Lond., as assist, minister of Christ Church, 
Phila. and in 1775 succeeded Dr. Peters as 
its rector. Marrying a sister of his classmate, 
Francis Hopkinsoii, he, at the begiiming of 
the Revol.. espoused the cause of the Colonies, 
and was higlily esteemed by the jiatriots. At 
the a.s.semiilingof the First Congress, Sept. 7, 
1774, Duehd was invited to make the open- 
ing prayer. " For his excellent prayer, so 
well adapted to the present occasion," Con- 
gress gave him a vote of thanks. July 9, 1776, 
he was chosen chaplain to Congre-s, and ap- 
propriated his salary to the relief of the fami- 
lies of Pennsylvuuians slaia in battle; bat be 



DUO 



284 



HXTD 



rcsi;,'m.'cl in Oct. Wtion the British toot pos- 
scesioii of I'liila., alHrnictl at the gloomy 
a9|H'Ct of atl'iiirs, Ducliv forMxik ilie |iiitrii)t 
ciiiise, mid in ii letter to \Va»liiiit:ton (Dot. 
177") iir(,'fd liiin to purAUU the sume course. 
Wiu.jiin;;ton tnin-niitletl the letter to Con- 
gress ; unil Duclie tieil In Knj;., where he liccame 
chaplain in the Laniheih Uq>liun A>ylum, and 
a popular preaeher. His emate wa< eonfis- 
catctl, and lie himself linnishe<l a> a traitor to 
his country, lie returned to I'hila. in 1790. 
He was a lii;;lily polished writer, and had a fine 
fKWtical la'ite. In 1771, he piili. the " Letters 
of Taiuoc Caspipinu/' an aero>tie on his de>ii;- 
nation as the assist, minister of Christ 
Church and St. I'eter's ill Pliila. in N.A. 
•• Sermons," 8vo, 1781 — I htiii-kinck 

DuCoudray (du koo'dr'a), I'liiL. ClIAg. 
Jk.in liviT TnoNsoN, a French art. oflicer, 
b. Uheicns, Sepu 8, 17.J8; d. Sept. 11, 1777. 
Educated ill the corps ol miners, he evinceil 
sii|ieriur tulenls at an early ojre ; was promoted 
over the heads of 180 senior officers lor services 
in Corsica ; and was udj.-|;en. of art., and one 
of the hest enjjineers in t' ranee, when, in 1776, 
be offered his services to Ueane and Franklin, 
who a;;rec(l that he should com. the Ainer. 
art., with the rank and pay of inaj-^en. The 
dissatisfaction of Knox and other valuable 
officers of that arm prevented this arraii)^- 
inent from beinj; carried out. An;;. 11. 1777, 
he was apii. insp -t;en., with rank of inaj.-^cn , 
and placed in superintendence of the works on 
the Delaware. While hastening as a vol. to 
the battle of Brandywine, his horse, becoming 
restive while on Iwaid a ferrv-boat crossing the 
Schuylkill, plun);ed with him into the river, 
and he was drowned. 

Ducreux (<lu'-kruh'),FHAN<;oi8,a French 
hisiurian, b. Sailiies, l.')9G ; d. 160C. Author 
ol llisu.ii.i liiMidiMis, 1664. 

Dudley, Benjamin Winslow, M.D., 
LL.I)., surueon, b. Sgiottsylvania Co., Vs., 
178.t; d. Lexington, Ky., 2<i Jan. 1870. lie 
studieil atTransvlv. U., and took his medical 
degree at the U. of I'o. in 1806. In ISOO, 
he went to Kiiro|)e, where he was the pupil of 
Sir Astley CoO|ier, Cline, and Abemctliy of 
Lond.. and Laney, Dubois, and Boyer in I'aris 
till 1814, returning home with the repuiutiun 
of a most skilliil operator. He established 
himself in Lexington, Ky., in July, 1814, re- 
mainini; there in successful praciice until 1S.'>4, 
achieving; the reputation of bciu); the ablest 
surgeon west of the Alleghanies. He pub. 
several medical e.ssays, and, on the orfjaoiza- 
lion of the metlicai' school of Trunsylv. U., 
was made its prof, of surnery. 

Dudley, ('haki.ks Kdward, senator, h. 
Johnson Hall. Stairordshire. Enf,'., Mav 2.3, 
1*80 ; (I. Allmiiy, Jan. 2.3, 1841. Charles, his 
father, coll. of the customs at Newgiori, and n 
loyalist, d. Ixind. in 1790. The son came with 
his mother III New|>ori, IM . in 1794. Enter- 
\njl into trade there, he went to the E. Indies 
a« su|K'rrari:o, snlisei|uenily removed to N.Y., 
where, in July, 1800, he m. Blamliim, dau. of 
Iiut;;ers Blectker, and in 1802 removed to 
Albany. Slate senator in 1820-5, mayor of 
Albanv in 1821 and 1828, and I'.S. senator in 
1829-4.3 Mr. Dudley was particularly fond 



of astronomical science; and in 18.'i6 hii 
widow contrih. $70,000 towards the erection 
and endowment ol the Dudley Observaiorv at 
Albany. At the time of her death in Jan. 
186.3, she had contrib. to it, in all, over $IOU,- 
000. 

Dudley, Dean, b. Kingficid, Me., Mnj 
23, 182.3. Educalc<i for the law. Printer and 
publisher of Boston. Author of " Dudley Gen- 
ealogy," 8vo, 1848 ; " I'ieturcs of Life in Eng. 
and America," 8vo, I8.'il ; " History of tho 
First Council of Nice ; " " Social and Pulit. 
Aspects of England and the Continent." 

Dudley, Euwahd B., gov. of N.C. (18.37- 
41); d. Wilmington, N.C, Oct. .30. 1855, a 64. 
Entering the legisl. of N.C. in 1816, he wag 
M. C. 1829-31. 

Dudley. Jostipii, gov. of Ms., b. Roxbury, 
July 2.3, 1647; d. there Apr. 2, 1720. H. U. 
1665. ,Son of (iov. Thomas. He studied the- 
ology, but, preferring a |>oliticul career, repre- 
senietl his native town in 1673—5 ; was assist. 
1676-85; from 1677 to 1681 was one of tho 
commissioners for the United Colonies; wag 
present at the battle with the Narragaiisett* in 
1675, and was one of the commis.sioners who 
dictated the terms of a treaty with that |iower- 
ful tribe. He was agent for the colony in Eng. 
in 1682-3 ; but, unable to obtain a conlinnation 
of the old charter, he served himself, and liecame 
a prominent candidate for the cbiel-ma>;istracy. 
Commissioned by James II. pres. of Not p'ng., 
Sept. 27, 1685 ; in 1687 was app. chief justice 
of the Superior Court, and was arrested us one 
of the friends of Andros, with whom lie was 
sent to England. He was ^'ceivcJ with 
favor, and was made chief juslii-e of N.Y., 
1690. He was again in Eng. in 1693, and dur- 
ing 8 years held the office of dcp. gov. of tho 
Isle of Wight, being in 1701 electcil to parlia- 
ment from Newtown From 1 702 to 1715, ho 
was capt.-gen. and gov.-in-chiel of Ms. Bay. 
He then retired to his rural home in Kox- 
bury. He carried the doctrine of submission 
to royal and ministerial authoriiv to a danger- 
ous extreme. Dudley was a " piiilo.-«plicr and 
a scholar, a divine and a lawver, all cotii- 
bined. ' — iV. £. U. and Cn. Iti./., X., .%36. 

Dudley, Paul, F.U.S., jurist, h. Sept. 3, 
1675; .1. Jan. 25, 1752 H. U 1690. Son of 
Gov. Joseph. He studied law at the Temple, 
London. KetunKtl in 1702 with a commis- 
sion from Queen Anne as atty.-gen. of the 
Province, which lie held till his promotion to 
the bench in 1718; l)ecoming chiel-justicc in 
1745. He rep. Roxbun- some years in the 
legisl., and in 17.39 was chosen speaker, but 
wos negativeil. He was a learned nuinralisl, n 
memU'r of ihc Roy. Soc. I^nd. He left a lie- 
iiuest to Harv. Coll. for the purpose of estab- 
lishing a yearly lecture to be delivered at that 
institution in defence of Christianity, called 
from him the Dndlcian lecture. He pub. sev- 
eral essays on the Natural History of Anier, 
jiariicnlarly of N. Eng., in the" Transactions" 
of the Kov. Soc., and a work against tho 
Churi'li of )<oinc. 

Dudley, TnonAS. irov. of M<. in 16.34, 
'40, ■4.'>, and '.Ml, b. Northampton, Eni;., 1576; 
d. Roxbury, Ms,, July 31, 165.3. IK- had been 
an officer under Elizabeth, in the service of 



DUE 



285 



X)TJF 



HoUana. before joiningthe Puritan, an, af«^ 
ward retrieved tl.e fortunes of the Larl m i.m 
roln bv tlie faitliful stewardsl.ip ot li.= estate*. 

l^"i.fr..:^'!;n^r,.M ha office 12 years After 
^■■•r'n ; C n 1. i I'-c I|..wich, a.,d Boston. 
'vf*'fil^llv settU^d Koxl urv, where his estate 

I" a man of' t'^lent'and integrity, was bold, 

rst.b. Albany. N.i-.Wt./, no . 
1 „.^i Am.i. S 1858. Son of Col. " m. i/ui^i 
land, Anil. », ^^■"^- „.,•„„ After 2 years 
and sirandsonof Lord htirlw s- A"er " j . 
Tvice in the army, he practised law at Go=hen 
• 1 nl, -orlv Robinson, w th whom, ab. 18l». 
r" „ved "to N Y ar^d acquired reputation 
be removed to o.i, ""- i . ^ 

18.57, became chief-.iusnee. In 18^;- '« '^»^ 
^^p/one of tl^ c«m,n.ss,oners to re^e^ the 
statute lawof ">e^iate. " j j8^5 he 

;;^^r^i:;e::;^orih^?'ofKepr-- 
--^"^f')r^he^;^^d'pr:::^i^o"urin: 

treatise on The Law a ^^^ ^ ^.^^^^^^^ 

?~?'^H:^^ai-:^"t-^i? 

''^s^ the Deci^^ns of the Superior Court," 
r6ihvol.ofwh.hheletmco^^^^^^^^ 

K?^!f': Mav, 1799 S^n'of Joh^, council- 
1,4. , a. . iu.iv, became aide to 

^;"rrin,U: In'K«8,hepurcha.ed 
IjOIU Lini. 1 '^ _ -w V • was app- col. 

fTl ProrCon.M-ess,of the com. of safety, 

::^'::f!h:;o^t^i^aft,.^s.tecon..tn„o^ 
i^--^^^'i^'iir^-rh«rbcirN.Yl 

letters, bonol Col. wra..o. j^^ 

"^ -w vi F^n<-e of 1798, he obtained the 
under Dec atui . "'''". , j.- ,„ard Livin-ston, 

11- „„«.. the Corrector, conducted "y Wr. 
weekly papei, ttic (,<»r«. , ^^^^^ 

Peter Irv ns, .n «7f """'j;;;- N Orleans, 
shortly after joined L , ;« \7 ,vas successful, 
8t.,diedthe Span h tnil aw ^^.^ _^^^^ 

^r-;hS:^.o?w^-^-;-^,:^ 
;;;■— ':^s'^'n.::;:^'^icie^-tue 



in ni>n.ui A.cpmhlv. Continuing in 



n hi^ native town,KhinelieeK, ana i.i i^-.. "»o 
ekcted o the State Assembly. C^""?'"»';f, '" 
the T-isl. till 1817, he was a pf?'"'"'^"'!'™- 
',|;:terV the canal '^.i^; f -" ; pidgc of tl. 

i^ra'^r^t!fi8.^::it^f health 

Col. Co '• "°'" He delivered to the 

eulo-v upon President Monroe. After lii» le 

m of his maternal -randtather, Lod St .lins. 

h\; d.lvered in 1847 an address betore the lit- 
Hodelnered in ic^ jg^g ^^^ 

^^^^fcnn-^t"Dublin;d. 

S;N^rr;';:^i^eKrto:.^n 

Te cou':;;. She was a -'-ti«--.„-'| 

Isabella, in "The Fatal M^unase 

Duffleld, GBOt^oE D.D^ ! Y^VeleFeb.". 

f^rN:!'^l.'n52."^rinN.J,Col.. 

''='"• ' .„„,„fr".,,.H3lc Pa., from 2i) sept. 

r-etto^C" iT^t wh nt beJame pastor of 

h.Tbirtl'^^esb. Church, Phila. He was dis- 

:^\^X^n?;yl^d':eC--7fj'^e'>'!|^- 

„ -c He liub an account of his missionary 

f "to th /Von'tiers in 176G,.and a tl.-ks^.v. 

in" sermon for the restoration of peace, Dec. 

' 'buffleTd?''G-;;oE. D.D. (U. of Pa.), b^ 

Uumeiu, ^ Detroit, June 

Strasb„r,s \^-J^Jll^^_ 'Grandson of the 

'^^cedtn^. Lie nted to preach by the presby- 
preceain ^^^^^ „f ti,e 

tery of . ^'^-'^^P' p.,. from Dec. 1815 to 
183^ and of the 5th p'resbyterian Church of 
\fu-V ■„ \ S-1S 7 In 1 8-37, he succeeded C. G. 
F nne a the Broldway Tabernacle tVom 
li'^S until Apr. 27, 1865, pastor of he Fust 
P -esb CliurcK of D^roit. He was a r^^e scho^ 
n„rin,. the war. he went repeated!) to tne 
battle^dd Is "'leles^'te of the aristian com- 
;;^;ot.nd.minist.edjo^cwg.nd^^An. 

'"•^^ 1" pC."cL " ■ " Millenarianism de- 
?"nded '• • FuS niseourses," " Claims of 

•"BXid, 1..V a...... ta-7>,'2;: 



DUG- 



28G 



DXTN- 



Philii. ; anil in 1860, at the Prosb. Chiiivh, 
Ann Arlior, Midi. He lias written many 
livriin-. liut will Ik cliieHv rememlwreil fur the 
one ■' Stiinil up for Ji-sus." 

Duganne, Auocstisk Joseph HiCKiiV, 
pdit mill novelist, I). Ho-ioii. 182.3. He has 
written inanv novellctte* ami romances, " Mys- 
teries of Ho.-ton, New York, ami I'hila," Svo, 
Phila., and a );reat nunilier of iniseellancoas 
jiapers iinili.r various si;:nrttiiie«. His jiocins 
are the " Iron Harp," " Parnassus in Pillory," 
a satire ; " The Mission of Intellect," a poem 
(lelivereil in NY. in 1852; "The Gospel of 
Lahor," 1853, ami many .short pieces puo. in a 
large illnsirateil etlition in Phila, 1856. He 
has also written the" Lyclian Queen," a traj^edy, 
1848 ; a" Comprehensive Summary of General 
Philosophy," Pfiila., 1845 ; and a " Class Book 
of Governments and Civil Soeietv," N.Y. 
IS.'iO .Vt one tiiiio, a ineinher of tiie Icgisl. 
of X.Y. 

Duggan, Pkter P.ii'L, artist. I). Ireland ; 
d. Pari-, ttit. 15, 1861. He came early to this 
country ; developed a ta.st>' for his art while 
ijnite youn;.', and qualitied himself for an art 
professorship in the X.Y. Free Acad, soon after 
IIS o|ieiiiuj;. He had long been an invalid, 
lie-ijcd some years near Lond., and removed to 
Paris in .May, 1861. Though the crayon was 
his favorite medium, he occasionally painted a 
inasterlv oil head, like that of George L. 
Diivckinck. 

fill Iiac, PiiRRiv, author of" Voi/aor dans 
Us /l.iix f^mhiiini's" SiC, Paris, 8vo, 181)5. 

Dulaney, D.vsiiiL, lawver and statesman, 
b. .Md.. July, 1721 ; d. Bait., Mar. 19, 1797. 
An eminent lawyer of Aniia|iolis ; many years 
commiss gen., sec, ativ.-gon., and councillor 
of Md., before the Revol Though a loyalist, 
he stood up manfully against the Stanip Act. 
He was an aide writer on the side of govt. 
Author of " Considerations on the Propriety 
of inijiosing Taxes on the British Colonies in 
N.A. for the Purpose of a Kevenue," 1766, 
Loud . 8vo. 

Dulaney, William, col. U.S. marines ; d. 
Bclisvillc, .Md., Jiilv 4, 1868. App. from Va., 
liciit. of marines, ./une 10,1817; capt. Julv, 
18-34; brev. maj " for meritorious comliict in 
the Florida war," Mar. 3, 1843 ; mnj. Nov. 17, 
1847. Served in the Mexican war; com. the 
batt. on the fall of Maj. Twiggs; brev. lieut.- 
col. " for gallaniry atChapulte|iec,and rapture 
of He Belen Gate'and City of Mexico,'' Sept. 
14. 1847 ; col. marines, Apr 1862. — Gartlner. 

Dumas (duma'), >iatiiik[T, count, a 
Fri-mb gen., b. Montpelicr. 23 Nov. 1753 ; d. 
Paris, 16 Dct. 1837. Kntering the U'lny 
in 1773, he served as aide to Rochamhcau in 
Am'-r. ( 1 780-3) ; performed mi-sions toTurkey 
and Holland ; was a member of the legisl. 
assembly in 1791, and the Iriend of Lafayette ; 
was condemned to death, and fied to Swiiwr- 
l.ind ; entered the mililary service of Xa|>oleon, 
and was a gen. at Waterloo ; active in the 
F'Vol. of 18.31), and aided Lafayette in placing 
I.,ouis Philippe on the tlimne. Besides some 
niilitarv works, he pnli. " .Memoirs of my own 
Time,'' (177.3-1826). His memoirs, entitled 
" Souvenirs," were pub. by bis -on. 

Dummer, -Teiikmi ah, scholar and political' 



writer, b. Bo-ton. ah. 1679; d. at Pla.itow 
Kng., .May 19, 1739. WV. 1699. .S»n of 
Jeremiah, and gramlson of Kichard. On leav- 
ing college, he »tudie<l theology, and preached 
a few months, but wils not pojnilar. He pa«M:d 
several years at the U. of Utrecht, wlwre he 
obtained a doctor's degree Agent of Ms. in 
Eiig., 1710-21. He wrote an admirable de- 
fence of the N.E. ch triers when they were 
threatened in 1721, the n-ork giving ilic licst 
sjieeiinen of bis English style, which is nn- 
commonly elegant and forciMe. He also pub. 
a letter to a noble lord on the exped. to Canada, 
stating the great efforts made by Ms. for its 
coni|uest. While in En'.'., he )iiocure<l 800 
volumes as a donation to Yale Coll. 

Dummer, William, bro. of Jeremiah, 
gov Ms.; b. Xewbnry, 1677; d. Boston, 10 
Oct. 1761. While visiting Eng, he was app. 
lient. gov. of Ms. 1716, acting as chief-magis- 
trate in 1723-8, and 1729. and enjoyed in n 
great degree the confidence of the [MOplc. He 
bequeaihed his valuable farm and mansion- 
hon>o for the endowment of Dninmer Acad., 
Newbury, the first in Ms., opcni'tl Fel>. 27, 176.3. 
He was a benefactor of H. U.. and in 1719, 
cant, of the Anc. and Hon. Art. comp. 

Dumont, EiiEStZEn, brig -gen. U S. vols., 
b. Vevay, Ind., Nov. 23. 1814 John, his 
father, was a lawyer, meinlwr of the legisl. of 
Ind. 1822-3. Mi's mother Julia L. (Corey), 
poetess (h. Waterford. O., Oct. 1794 : d. Jan. 
2, 1857), pub. "Life-Sketches," X.Y., 1856. 
She was the earliest female wiiler of the West, 
whose works have Iiecn preserved. He was 
adm. to the bar. When the -Mex. war began 
in 1846, as lient. -col. 4tli Ind. vols , dislinf;. 
himself at the battle of llnnmantla; afterward 
in the State legisl. ; was speaker of ihc lioase, 
and many years pres. of the State Bank. In 
1861.at tl'iehcal of tlicTih Ind n'gi..he served 
in Western Va . at Laurel Hill. Rich Mountain, 
and Carriek'- Fori. .Made brig.-gen Sept. 3, 
1861 ; and Sept. 12, he was engaged at Cheat 
Mountain. He com. the 17th brigade of the 
Army of thcOliio. in Jan. 1862. Mav 5, 1862, 
he attacked and rinited. at Li'banoii, ky., John 
Morgan 'seommand. Oct. 1862. he commanded 
the 12ih divi-lon of On. nuell's nrmv. Res. 
Feb. 28, 1863. M.C. 1863-7. D. April 16, 1971. 

Duncan, James, col. and iii-p.-gcn. U.S. 
A., b. Cornwall. N.Y., Sept. 1810 ; d. Mobile, 
July 3, 1849. West Point. 18.34. He 8er^•cd 
in the Florida war; was wounded at the flniih- 
ladoche, Feb. 29, 1836; capt 6 April, 1846. As 
an oftieer of light nrL. he did good service in 
the Mexican war. Brev. maj. for Palo Alto, 
Mav 8, 1846 : brev. lieiit -col. for Resaca dc la 
Palina. May 9. 1846 ; brev. col. for Monicrcv, 
Sept. 23, 1846 ; dlsiing. also at the st.irm of 
Molino del Key, Chapnitepec. and captuns of 
citv of Mexico ; insp.-geii. Jan. 26, 1849. 

iDuncan, John M., traveller, d. Glasgow, 
Oct. 3. 1825. a. 31. Author of "Travels in 
the U.S. and Canada, in 1818-19." 2 vols., 
12mo, 1823; "Sabbath among the Tusearo- 
ras." 

Duncan, Johnson K , brig.-gen. C.S.A., 
b. Pa.. 1S26; d. Knoxville, Jan. 1863. West 
Point. 184'.l. Entering the 3d U. S. Art., ho 
resiyncil Jan. 31, 1855; was an tn,;i»eer at 



Dtnsr 



287 



DTTV 



Nlw Oilcans, ami cntevcd the Confcil. service 
!!■* c 'I. ; Wiis app- briLX.-L'en. from La., and com 
Forts Jack'^on ami St. Philip at the time of the 
bom'ianlment In- Farr.i:.;ut, bci'Omin;; a prison- 
er of war oil tliuir sunendcr, Apr. 25, 1862. 

Duncan, Josei-h, gov. of 111. (18.U-8), b. 
Kv., al). 17U0; d. Jacksonville, III.. Jan. 15, 
ISii. Self educated. He was an en.sign at the 
liiilliant defence of FortStephenson under Col. 
Cro;;han, for which he received from Coiifrress 
the testimonial of a sword, Feb. 1.3, 18-35. Fix- 
in;,' his rcsid^'nec in III., he was soon elected 
inaj -gen. of railitia. then State senator, where, 
ill the session of 1824-5, he originated the law 
which first establishcil common schools in the 
Suite; M.C. 1827-35. He is identified with 
the early in trod action of internal improve- 
ments into the State. — Gardner. 

Duncan, Silas E., capt. U.S.N , b. N.J. ; 
d. White Sulph Springs. Va., Sept. U, 1834. 
Jlidsliipmaii, Nov. 15, 1809; acting lient. and 
distiii;.'ui-hcd ill Maedonough's victory on Lake 
Chainpliin.Sept. 6, 1814 ; lieut. Dec' 9, 1814; 
comiiiandcr .Mar. 1, 1829. 

Duncan, Willia.m Cecil, D.D. (Col. 
Coll. 1S57). Baptist clergvman and author, h. 
N.Y. Citv, Jan. 24, 1824; d. N. Orleans, La., 
Mavl,l'864. Col. Coll. 1843, Ham. Theol. 
Scin. Ord. 1848. He in 1S47 established at 
N. Orleans the So'ttli-irrsteni Baptist Chronicle. 
He was .3 years prof, of Greek and Latin in the 
U. of La.; then became pastor of the Colisenm- 
plare Baptist Church in N.O., but,' in the sum- 
mer of 1861, was, lor his loyalty to the U.S. 
Govt., compelled to come North. After the 
capture of N. Orleans by the Union forces, lie 
returned. Author of " A Life of John the 
B.iptist," N. Y., 18.53; "The Pulpit Gift- 
Bijok," N.Y., 1855; " History of the Baptists 
for the First Two Centuries of the Christian 
Era," 1857, and '■ The Teais of Jesus." — ^/)- 
pklon. 

Dundas, Fuaxcis, a British gen., d. Jan. 
1824. Ensign 1st Guards, Apr. 1775; capt. 
Jan. 1778; lieut.-col. 1780; gen. 1812. He 
wasin the battles of Brandywine, Gerinantown, 
reduction of the forts on the Delaware, Mon- 
mouth ; joined Lord Conwallis in 1780; com. 
his advanced gu.ird at Guilford and Yorktown, 
and saw considerable service in the ight com- 
pany 2d liatt. of Guards. He served at Mar- 
tiiiiiliie, 1704 ; gov. of the Cape of Good Hope, 
1 7:)ti-lis03. — Pliili/iart. 

Dundas, Tho.ma9, maj.-gen. of Finsr.isk, 
1.. 1730; d. June .3, 1794. MP. for Orkney, 
1770-80 and 1784-90. Lieut.-col. 80rh in AV- 
nold's Va. expedition, Dec. 1780, and under 
Cornwallis at Yorktcnen. — Roxs's CorniatHis. 

Dungliaon, Rohlet, M.D., LL:D. (Y.C. 
1825). pbvsieiaii and medical writer, b. Kes- 
wick, Eng., 4 Jan. 1793 ; d. Phil., Apr. 1, 1869. 
M.D. London, 1819, and at the U.of Ezlangen, 
1S23. lie coininencfd practice in Lond.. but, 
after a few years, came to the US , and from 
1824 to 18-3.3 was prof, of medicine in the U. 
of Va. lie filled the chair of therapeutics and 
materia inedica in l8-i3-fi, in the U. of Md. ; 
and, from 1836 to 1868, was prof, of the insti- 
tutes of medicine and ir-dieal juiisprudence in 
Jctr. .Med Coll., I'hila. He pub. iie.iily 20 
vols.; aiiion^ these are "Prinei])les of Human 



Physiology," 2 vols., 8vo, 1832 ; " New Diction- 
ary of Medical Science and Literature," 2 vols., 
8vo, 1833; "General Tlier.ipeutics and Jlatc- 
ria Medica," 8vo, 1836^ "New Remedies," 
1839, and "Human Health," 1844, and a large 
dictionary for the blinil ; "Diseases of the 
Stomach and Bowels of Children," Lond., 8vo, 
1824 ; " Introd. to Grecian and Roman Geog- 
raphy," 8vo, 1829; "The Medical Student," 
8vo,"l837, 2d ed., 1844; "Discourse," com- 
memorative of P. S. Dnponceau, 8vo, 1844 ; 
" Kecoliections of Europe in 1854, 8vo ; the 
" Va. Literary Museum," 8vo, 1830. He was 
vice-pres. of an institution for the blind, and of 
the Amer. Philos. Soe., and was a member of 
many literary and scientiiic societies. He edit- 
ed " Magendie's Formulary," the "Cyr-lo|iiEdia 
of Practical Medicine," " Koget's Physiology," 
"Traill's Med. Jurisp.," and several smaller 
works. Before leaving Eng., he had edited the 
Loii,/. .^fed. liepos., and the Med. rnfilliiji-ncer. 

Dunklin, Daxikl, gov. of Mo., 1832-6; 
d. JM: Co., Mo.. Aug. 25, 1844, a. 54. 

Dunlap, Andrew of Ms. (1794-1835), 
author of " Adiuiraltv Practice," Phila., 8vo, 
18315, 2d ed., N.Y., 1850. 

Dunlstp, .loiix, printer, and Revol. patriot, 
b. Straliane, Ireland, 1747 ; d. Phila., Nov. 27, 
1812. At the age of 8 or 9, he came to live 
with his uncle Wm., a printer and publisher of 
Phila., who, under Franklin, was postmaster at 
Lancaster, Pa. At 1 8, he took his uncle's busi- 
ness, and in Nov. 1771, began the Pa. Packet, 
becoming one of the most successful printers 
and editors of the country. While the British 
held Phila., from Sept. 1777, to July, 1778, his 
newspaper, devoted to the patriot cause, was 
pub. at Lancaster: from 1784, it was a daily, 
the first in the U.S. It now bears the name 
of The North American and U.S. Gazette. As 
printer to Congress, he first issued the " Dec- 
l.aration of Independence." An officer of the 
first troop of Phila. cav., the body-guard of 
Washington at Trenton and Princeton. In 
1780, he subscribed .£4,000 to supply provisions 
to the army. By his talents and industry, be 
acquired a l;\r:;e fortune. — Sim/Koii. 

Dunlap, Robert P., lawyer and jiolitician, 
b. .Me., 1789; d. Brunswick, Me., Oct. 20, 
1859. Bowd. Coll. 1815. Adin. to the bar in 
1818; member of the State legisl. 1821-2; 
State senator, 1823 ; pres. State senate, 1827- 
9 and 1831-3; member execuiive council, 
1833; gov. 18.34-8; M.C. 1843-7, afterward 
pres. of the Board of Overseers of Bowd. Coll. ; 
coll. of custoins, Portland, 1848-9; postmaster 
of. Brunswick, 1853-7. 

Dunlap, S. F., son of Andrew, b. Boston, 
1825. Author of "The Origin of Ancient 
Names," Cainb., 8vo, 1856; repr. from the 
Chris. E.rnmin<r, Julv, 1856; " Vestiges of the 
Siiirit History of "Man," N.Y., 8vo, 1858; 
edited, with Notes, " Dunlap's Adiniraltv Prac- 
tice."— .l//../»«p. 

Dunlap, WiLLiA-M, painter and author, 
b. Penh Ambov, N.J., Feb. 19, 1766; d. 
N.Y. City, Sept'. 28, 1839. His father, an 
Irish officer, was wounded at Quebec, ami, be- 
iiiir a loyalist, went to N.Y. in 1777, where 
Wm. eouimcnced painting, and in the summer 
of 1783 executed a likeness of Washington. 



288 



r»rTP 



In 1784. he went to Enp., whore he reoi-ived 
instruction from Wist, lie inmle a jiwlediriiin 
tour to Oxfonl with Dr. S. L. .Miti-hell in 
1786, then r<tnrne<l to Xi'w York, nnil mar- 
ried. Sept. 7. 1789, "The Kathor." n 5-act 
coiitedv. and the U-st of his pieces, waM lirouirht 
out. lie ap|iearid once U|K>n tlie mafe liiin- 
self; in 17'J6 was aj.>ocialeil with liiiUuin 
and Ilodckin-ion in ihe intiiia«enient of the 
Juhn-9i. Theatri-, and in Jan. 179S. look the 
I'ark Theatre, where, in March, his tragedy 
of •• Andre'." in blank verse, was produced 
with success. In 18u5, he rented the X.Y. 
Theatre, and in a short time became bankrupt. 
From 1814 to 1816, he was as-sist. pavm.-);cn. 
of the N.Y. militia. Alter many vicissitudes, 
he be«an, in 1816. a series of pictures, which 
phlCl^l liim in the first rank of American art- 
ists. Anion;; ilicm are " Christ lUjeeted," 
" Bearing of the Cross," " Death on the 
Pale Horse," and " Calvary," which he con- 
eidered the best ami most finished of his com- 
posilions. He pub. memoirs of Cooke the 
tragedian in 1 81't, and of Charles Uroekden 
Brown ; " History of the American Theatre," 
8vo, 18.13; "The Arts of Desi(;ii in Ameri- 
(M," 18.'}4; Hist, of the "New Netherlands," 
2 vols., 8vo, 1840; "A History of N.Y. lor 
Schools," 1837; and " Thirty Years A^'o, or 
the Memoirs of a Wutcr-Drinker," 1836. He 
was vicc-pres.. and n founder of the " National 
Acad, of De-i^n." 

Dunmore, Jonx Ml-hray, 4th Earl, 
pov. ul Vu., b. 1732; d. Uamspatc, Enp., 
Mav, 1 803. Descended in the female line from 
the liou>e of Stuart, suciTcded to the peer- 
Bite in 1756. Made pov. of NY. in Jan. 
1770. and of Va. in July, 1771. He arrived 
at Williamsbnrp early iii 1772, and on occa- 
sion of the Va. assembly passing the resolu- 
tion re<omniendinK the committee of curresp., 
in March, 1773, immediately dissolved that 
bodv. Its act in the next session, of May, 
1774, in setlin;; apart the 1st of June, the day 
for closing the port of Boston, as a dav of 
fasting, huiniliation. and prayer, caused it to 
be again lorthwith dissolved. ' On the 20ih of 
April, ho caused the removal of the powder 
from the magazine at Williamsburg on Ixj.ird 
an English sliip. This proceeding caused the 
greatest excitement ; the people took arms 
under Patrick Henry; and the pov. was forced 
to compromise the alfuir by paying for the 
jHjwder. Juno 6. he fled 'with his lamily, 
and look re.'upe on board the " Fowey," man- 
of-war. Kallyinga band of Tories, runaway 
negroes, and British soldiers, he collected a 
naval forve, and carried on a pcttv warfare, 
ilundering the inhabitants on the James and 
ork Rivers, and carrying off their slaves. 
Dec. 9, I77.'i. his followers snffereil a severe 
defeat at the battle of Grvat Bridge, near Nor- 
folk ; and, on the following night, Dunmore 
took refuge on board his fleet. Jan. I, 1776, 
he set fire and destroyed Norfolk, the most 
|>opulous and Hourishiiig town ol Va. Con- 
tinuing his pretlatory warfare, he C-'tJiblishcd 
himself early in June on Gwynn Ishuid. in 
the ChesaiR-ake, whence he was disloiljjed by 
the Virginians, July 8. being wounded In tlie 
leg by u splinter. Dunmore shortly afterward 



^- 



retnmed to Eng., and was in 1786 app. gov 
of Bermnihi. — C<ira/.'»//'« IVi. 

Dunster, llEMiy. first pres. of H.U., h. 
Eng ; d. Scitoate, M*.. Kb. 27. 1659. Son 
of Hcnrv of Bulehoult, Eancashire. Of Mag- 
dalen Coll. 16.30 and 1634. He wo.s inducted 
intooflice. Aug. 27. 1640. soon afti r Ills arrival, 
and resigned, Oct. 24, IC.')4, In cons*<inence of 
having publicly advocate)! the principlcii of 
anti-pcdobnplism, and s|)ent the rest of his 
days at Scituatc. He was highly esteemed 
foi- piety and learning; was a great master of 
the Oriental languages, ami assiste.1 in revising 
the new version of the psalms made by Eliot, 
Wilde, and Mather in 1640. By his will, ho 
bequeathed legacies to the very persons who 
lind occasioned his removal from the presi- 
dency. 

Diinton, Jons, bookseller and author, h. 
Grafl^bam, Hnntiiigdonshire, May 14, 1659; d. 
1733. He was apprentieiil to a iMH.kscller In 
Lond.; came to N.E. in Ma.ch. 1686, with a 
cargo of Iwoks, but met with little success, and 
remained but alwnt 8 months. After20 years 
of prosperity in the booksellinp bn»lness, ho Iw- 
camc an author, and in 1701 was employed in 
the office of the Post An-,-1 ].a|«r. He af- 
terwards commenced the A'ti'"in» .t/<Tt-rii-y, 
rcpub. snbse<]uentlv under the name of the 
" Athenian Onulc." in 4 vols . 8vo. In 1705, 
ho pub. " The Life and Errors of John Dun- 
ton," In which he gives the ■• iives and chanic- 
teiSof more than l.OOO contemponiry charac- 
ters of literary eminence," and de8crilH.'s the 
minisiers, liookscllers, and other citizens of 
Boston and Salem. His " Letters Irom N.E." 
were pub. bv the Prince Society in 1867, with 
notes and apix-ndix, by W H. Whilmore. 

Duponceau (du-pon'-s<j). I'ktkr Ste- 

PUES, LL.D. (H.U. 1820), pbilob.gist and 
jurist, b. Isle of Uh<?, France, June 3, 1760; 
d. Phila., April 2, 1844. After the death of 
his father, he went to Paris in Dec. 1775, and, 
becoming acquainted with B.iron Stenlien, 
accomp. him to Amor, as sec, londing at 
Porismouih. Dec. 1. 1777. Feb. 18, 1778, 
he was made brev.-capt , and was of great as- 
sistance to Stcubi-n In pirparinp his system of 
army discipline. Siv. tJ \i K. I.iungston ; 
head of fonign aff^^iirs. from <let. 1781 until 
June, 1783. when he U-gan to study law, and 
in June, 1785, was adm. to the Phila. bar. Uo 
l>ecame eminent in tli-- profession. esi>erially 
on questions of civil and fori'ign law. and ac- 
cumulated money enough to devote himself to 
literature. Member of the acad of arts and 
sciences, and pros, of the Amer. Philos. So- 
ciety. In 183.>, the French Institute awarded 
hlin a priic for a disquisition on the Indian 
languages of X.A. He pub. in 1819 a me- 
moir " On the Structure of the Indian Lan- 
guages ; " in 1838, at the age of 78, a " Dis- 
sertation on the Chinese Lanpuage," in which he 
held the opinion th.it the written language was 
lexigraphic, representing sounds, ami not ideas, 
and tnmslateil a " Desiripi on of New Swe- 
den," bv T. C. H .Im. Among his publica- 
tions on iurisprudenec arc tninHlation of 
Bynker.h.K.k's " Laws of War." 1810; on the 
Nature and Extent of the Jurisdiction of 
the Courts of the U.S., 1824 , a Review of 



DTJP 



289 



DXJR 



Kent's Comnienturies in Walsh's Qaaiterli/ Re- 
view : Uiscoursi; iit tiie opening of his Law 
Acad, in I'hila., 1 821; a Briuf View of ihe 
U. S. Consiitution, 1834. lie mailc great 
efforis to introiluco into tiie U. S. the proJuc- 
lioM and manufueture of silk. 

Dupout, Samoel Francis, rear-ailm. 
U.S.N., h. IJergen I'l., X.J., Sept. 27, 180;); 
d. I'hila., June a.'J, 1865. Grandson of P. 
S. DuMont Nemours. Midsliipinan in the 
navy at 12 ; lient. Apr. 26, 1826; commander, 
Oct. 28, 1842. In 1845, he was onlered to the 
I'ailfie in com. of the frigate " Congress," 
and, during the Me.xicaii war, saw much ac- 
tive service on the Cal. coast. In " The 
Cyane," he captured San Diego ; cleared the 
Gulf of Cal. of Mexican ve-sels ; took La Paz, 
tiio capital of Lower Cal.; assisted in the 
capture of Mazatlan in Nov. 1847, and de- 
fended Lower Cal. against the Indians and 
Mexican-. In Feb. 1848, he hindcd at San 
Jose with 100 marines and sailors, and de- 
feated and dispersed a Mexican force five 
ti lues as great. Captain, Sept. 14, 1855. Hav- 
ing recommended the occupation of Port Roy- 
al as a central harbor or depot on the south- 
ern coast, he was given the com. of the 
S. A. block, squad., and intrusted with the 
attack on that place. Sailing from Fortress 
Monroe, Oct. 29, 1861, in "The Wabash," 
with a fleet of i)0 sail of war-vessels and 
transports, conveying Gen. Sherman's troops, 
lie arrived off Port Royal, Nov. 4 and 5, after 
a violent storm, and on the 7th attacked and 
captured two strong forts on Hilton Head and 
Bay Point, which defeniled the harbor. He 
followed up this advantage vigorously ; and 
his operations along the .southern coa-,t were 
invariably successful. He also succeeded in 
making the blockade more effective than be- 
fore July 1 6, 1 862, he was made a rear-adm. on 
the active list. In April, 18G3, he com. the 
(iietwln'ch unsuccessfully attacked Charleston. 
lie was soon after relieved of the com. of the 
S.A.B. squ.idron'*, and subsequently held no 
active command. Admiral Du]iont aided 
in organizing the naval school at Annapolis, 
and i^ the author of a report on the use of 
floating batteries for coast defence, which has 
been ropub. and highly commended in Eng., 
by Sir Howard Doyglas in his work on naval 
gunnery. 

Dupot'tail, Lebegue (du'-por'-tiil'leh- 
hag ). CiiKVAi.iER Louis, a French gen. d. at 
sea in 1802. Educated at the military school of 
Meziercs, he acquired the reputation of being 
an excellent eiigineer. Came to Amer. during 
the War of Independence, attached himself to 
Lafayette ; was app. a brig.-gen. Nov. 17,1 777 ; 
niaj.-gen. Nov. 16, 1781 ; was directing en- 
gineer at the siege of Yorktown, and was one 
ot the gener.d otficers particularly named by 
Washington after the capitulation. He re- 
turned to France, with the rank of brig. ; in 
1788 was named margchal-de-cump ; and by the 
influence of Lafayette, with whom he was in- 
timately connected, he was, Nov. 16, 1790, 
made minister of war. The disgrace of La- 
fayette determined his; and, after having been 
denounced in the assembly, he resigned, l3ec. 3, 
1791, and was employed in a military capacity 



in Lorraine. Seasonably warned of an accusa- 
tion against him in 179:i, he quitted tb'e army, 
and withdrew to Amer., whence he was recalled 
by the events of the 18lli Bruniaire, but was not 
fortunate enough to reach his native land, as 
he died during the passage. — Nouo. Bloy. Gen. 
DupratZ, M. Le Page, see Pkatz. 
Dupuy, Eliza A., b. Petersburg, Va. 01 
Huguenot descent. Author of •' The Con- 
spirator," " Emma Walton," "Celeste," " Flor- 
ence, or the Fatal Vow," " Separation," 
" Concealed Treasure," " Ashleigh," " The 
Country Neighborhood," 1855. 

Duquesne (dii'-kiin'), ve Menneville, 
Marquis, gov. of New France from 1752 to 
1755. He was a gr. nephew of the great 
Duquesne. Was a capt. of royal marines, and 
had been reionimended to his app. by De 
Galissonicre. lie introduced great relbrins into 
the colony ; placed the colonial troops on a par 
with the Europciin by constant drill and study ; 
erected forts in the Far West for the protection 
of the peo|)le, and resisted the encroachments 
of the English and colonial troops. He Eiuilt 
Fort Duquesne on the Ohio, memorable us the 
place near whi' h Braddock was defeated in 
1755. The present city of Pittsburg stands 
upon its site. — iUo/yuH. 

Durand, Asher Brown, painter and en- 
graver, b. Jefferson, N.J., Aug. 21, 1796. His 
paternal ancestors were Huguenots. In the 
shop of his father, a watchmaker, he learned 
engraving. In 1812, he was apprenticed to 
Peter Maverick, engraver, with whom, in 1817, 
he became a partner. His engraving of Trum- 
bull's " Declaration of Independence," bis first 
large work, cost him 3 years' labor, but brought 
him into notice. The National Portrait 
Gallery contains many of his head-,; and 
his "Musidora" and "Ariadne" are fine 
specimens of art. After 111 years' practice as 
a painter, he gave up engraving in 1835, and 
devoted himself chiefly to landscapes. His 
pictures are pleasing in color and tone, and 
evince much poetic feeling. The principal of 
his figure-pieces are " Harvey Birch and 
Washington," " An Old Man's Reminis- 
cences," " The Wrath of Peter Stuyvesani," 
" God's Judgment on Gog," " The Dance on 
the Battery," " The Capture of Andre'," &e. 
Some of his landscapes are " The Morning 
and Evening of Life," a pair; "Lake Scene, 
— Sunset," " The Rainbow," " Wood Scene," 
" Primeval Forest,'' " In the Woods," " Tho 
Symbol," from Cioldsmith's " Deserted Vil- 
lage," " Francoiiia Mountains," and " Remi- 
niscences of Catskill Cloves." In 1854, he 
painted a portrait of Wm. C. Bryant. Pres. 
of the Nat. Acad, of Design. His son John 
has for some years conducted the Ciai/on, a 
monthly pul)lication specially devoted to the 
fine arts, — Ap/iltton. 

Durbin, Joun Price, D.D. (Dick. Coll. 
1837), clergyman, b. Bourbon Co., Ky., 1800. 
Cin. Coll. 1825. After receiving a district school 
education, he entered the ministry of the .Meih.- 
Epis. Church in 1819; was received into the 
O. coiif. in 1820, and stationed on Greenville 
circuit; subsequently in Hamilton, where he 
attended Miami U., 12 miles distant. He was 
toon after elected prof, of languages in Augusta 



DUR 



2no 



Dtrv 



Coll., lyj-. ; chaplHin of the U.S. scnntc in IS.1I. 
Ill 18.'ti, lie wns fliTiol |irof. of nnliirul soiiMiee 
ill (he Wc.-I. v., ami in IS-W IxK-ninu e(li(..r uf 
llic Chritliaii Admalt ami Jwirmtl. X.Y. 
Fi.iin 1834 to 18*3, he wiii pri's. of iJirk. Coll. 
lie tJK'n mivfllfj (lirou;;li poriiun^i of llic 
Kill World, mill, ri:turiiiii;; next yeiir, pii'i. 
" Ub>crvuiion» in Kuropc," 2 vols., 1844, iiiid 
" ( >l>3i'rriitioiis in Kgvpi, I'ulestinv, Syria, and 
Asia .Minor," 2 voU.', 1845. MtmlKT of ilie 
(ii'iil. Cuiif of 1844, and took an im|xirtHnt 
pMFt in till- (Ic'liatv whicli rosiillvd in tlii; division 
ol (he .M.K. Cliutrli. In 1845, hcwiis sintionud 
ill I'liilii. as iiri'sidin^ I'ldvr. In 1S50, lie was 
fliiii'd corri'sp. »cc. of the Missionary Society 
of thf M.K.CIinix-N, which |)Osl he still occupies. 
Kiliior of Wouil's •' Mosaic History of the 
Crciiiion," with notes, 8vo, 1831. Concrib. to 
many pciiodicals. 

Durfee, J<>u, LL.D., jurist and poet, b, 

Tivcr , U 1., Seiii. 20, 1790; d. there July 

26. 1847. Uiuwii U. 181.3. Son of Thonia.s, 
iiuii^v years chief-justice of the C.C.P. for the 
county ol Newport. He practised law success- 
fully ; was M.C . in 1821-5; chosen a justice 
of the Supreme Court in .May, I8.').3, and was 
chief-justice from June, 1835 until his death. 
Member of the State Icnisl. 18l;i-19, '27-9, and 
speaker. 1828. Author of " What Cheer, or 
K0;,'cr Williams in Kxile," 1832, un e<lition of 
which was pub. in Kni;., and of " Panidea," a 
philos. treatise. Ills writiiii^ verv coll. and 
pub., with a memoir, by his son, 8vo, 1849. 

Durivagei Kuan'cis Alexasdcr, b. 
Bo>ioii, 1814. Author of " Cyclopiedia of 
History," 8vo ; "Stray Subjects," 12mo; 
" Lite Scenes." Traiislateil, with \V. I. Chase, 
Lumuriine's • Revolution of 1848." Author 
of severnl plays ami poems, and coutril>- 
utcd to pcriodit-als. Co-editor of Uallm'a Pic- 
torml. 

Durivagei Jotis E, journalist and actor, 
b. Uoslcin, 181); d. .Memphis. Tenn., Aug. 27, 
I8G9. For 20 years, he had iKi'n connected 
with the press of Hoston, N. York, X. Orleans, 
and Cal.. where he louiided the Alln Culi/'oriiian. 
He had lor some years acted in the Western 
theatres. Auilior of some successful farces 
and burlesques. He was at one time aide to 
Gen. \V„ol. 

DurkeOi Charles, statesman, b. Roval- 
ton, Vt , Dee. 5, 1807; d. Omaha, JiJn.'lS, 
1870. He reeeivcil an academical education at 
lioyalton ; became a inei^.-haut ; removed to 
Wis. ab. IS-IO; was a member of the Ict'isl. 
in 18.37-8 and 1848; .M.C. 1849-53; U.S. 
senator, 1855-61 ; delepitc to the I'eace Con- 
Hress. 1861'; i;ov. of Utah, 186.5-9. In Con- 
(;re<5, he was one of the early adrociitcs of nnti- 
sliivery and freesoil principles. 

Dlirkee, C«l. Joh.v, b. Windlmm, Ct., 
1728; d. N.irwich, May 29, 1782. He served 
in the French war ; was a major of militia. An 
e.irly settler ol the Wyomin;: Valley, but re- 
turned to Ct. As a major in I'utnam's rent., 
he distill;;, hinisell highly at Duiiker's Hill, and 
was a col. in the battle-' of bins Island, Ger- 
niantown, Harlem, White Plains, Trenton, 
.Monmouth, and in Sullivan's exped. aifaiiisi 
til' M\ Xntions ; n-sij^ned 178ii. Maj Kon- 
tBi, Ills uiv.-in-luw, a soldier of the French 



nnd R.-vol. wars, fell at the Wyomin;; niassn- 
cr-, 3 .July, 1778. 

Dustdn, Hasmaii, heroine of N.K., ro. 
Thomas 1). of Haverhill. .Ms., Dec. 3, 1677. 
She was the moilier of 13 children. When 
the Indians nttaeked Haverhill, Man'h 15, 1698, 
her liu-luind, with lhechildn'n,e.scapeil, aiidshe, 
with an infant and her nurse, was captured. 
After pr<K-ce<linK a short distance, the infant 
was killed. Mrs. I), was taken to un i-land at 
the junction of the Merrimack and < 'ontoocook 
I<ivers.l>ein;; assigned to an Indian family of 12 
|jersons. With the aid of a nurse and a Uiy, 
also a prisoner, she killeil the Imliiiiis with a 
hatchet, — all but a favorite Isiy and a wounded 
squaw, who eseajieil, — and returned safely to 
Haverhill with their scalps. Her house, occu- 
pied by Thomas Dustin, a descendant, was 
standin;; in 1816. 

DuttOD, HenrV. LL.T). ( Y.C. 1854),jud(:c, 
b. I'lvinouih. Ct.,Feb. 12, 17y6; d. X Haven, 
April 12, 1S69. Y.C. 1818. GramUon of 
Capt. Thos. of the Rcvol. army. He was a 
tutor at Yale in 1821-3; law prof, there in 
1847-69; practised law at Ni-wiowii. and then 
at Hrid;,'eport ; was State atty. ; was 5 iim« n 
member of the house; State senainr in 1849, 
and one yearjml^eof the X. Haven Co. Court; 
(Tov. of Ct 1854-5; jud;^' oC the Superior 
Court, and of the Supreme Court of Errors, 
from 1861 to 1866. He pub. in 1<13 a digest 
of the Ct. Ke|)oris, and a revision ot Swilt's 
digest, and was a memlKT of the commissions 
of 1849 and 1866, to revise the State stntutcii, 
and was chairman of the committee which in 
1854pR'pared a new compilation of the Slalo 
statutes. 

Dutton, Samlei. William Soctiimatd, 
V.l). (U.C. 1856), CouL'.cleruvm^in. and writ- 
er, b. Guilford, Ct, Mar. li 14, 1814; d. Mil- 
burv, Ms.. .Ian. 26, 1866 Y.C. 1833. Son 
of key. Aaron (Y.C. 18ft1). In 18-34, he 
taUL-ht in .Mount Hope Coll.. Kaltim.in-. ami in 
1834-5. was n-ct.ir of the llupkiiis grammar 
school, Xew Haven, and tutor in Yale from 
18.36 to 18.38. From June. ia38, to hi* death, 
he was pastorof the Xorih Church, X. Haven, 
whose history durin;; the last century he imb. 
in 1842 From the establishment oltbe.S'.ic- 
Ew/lnniler, in 1842, he was one of its editors, 
publishing, also, various iidiliv.-.s<'s an.l sennons. 
A discourse |>reaclied at fiis liincrul. by Hey. 
Lconanl Bacon, has been pub. ; uNo a sketch 
of his life in the Omg. Quarttrly, Apr, 1866. — 
Oh. hW. Yale. 1866. 

Cuvall, Gadriel, jurist. Of Iln^nirnot 
descent, b. IV. G.sjr.a- Co., .Md.. l).-c 6, 17.-.2 ; 
d. there March 6, 1844. Clerk to the lirst Md. 
lc;:i»l. previous to the Declaration of In.leprml- 
encc. M.C. 1794-5; was a coinptniller of the 
U.S. treasury from 1802 to Xov. 18, 1811, ami 
was then app. a jmlgi' of the U.S. Siiprvmu 
Court, which ofti.-v he helil until 18.36. 

Duvall, William 1' , lawyer and states- 
man, b. Va.. 1784: d. Washingfrn, DC, 
.March 19. 1854. When quite yoiintf, he went 
to Ky., where he slU'licd law. rose to eminence 
ill the profession, an<l also iK^cttiiie a notcl ftoli- 
ti.iiin. He served as capt. ol monniisl vols. 
nmler Gen. Hopkins. .Si-pt. 1812. .M.C. 181.3- 
15; ho was gov. of Flo. Terr. l8'22-.34. in 



X>TJY 



291 



1843, Gov. Duvall removed to Texas. He was 
the orifrinal " Kalph Riiifjwooii " of Washin;;- 
ton Irving', and "Nimrod Wildfire" of J. K. 
Panldiiii:. 

Duyckinck (di-klnk), Evert Augus- 
tus, anther, h. N.Y. City, Nov. '2^, 1816. Col. 
Coll. 1835. Evert, his father, an enterprising 
publisher of New York, b. 1765; d. 1833. In 
Dec. 1840, he eomnienced, with Cornelius Mat- 
thews, Anlunis, a journal of books and opin- 
ions, continued until May, 1842. He contrib. 
to the early numbers of the A^. J'. Review. In 
1 847, he commenced the Lilerwi/ iror/(?,a weekly 
critical journal, which, with the exception of 
the interval, May, 1847, to Oct. 1848, he contiii- 
ned, with his bro. George L., until the close of 
1853. In 1856, the bros. completed the "Cy- 
clopedia of American Literature," 2 vols., 8vo., 
a work of great research and value, to which 
a suppt. was added by him in 1866. He has 
pull, the " Wit and "Wi.-dom of Sydney 
Smith," and Poems relating; to the Am. Kev. 
by Freneau, 1865, both with orijiinal mem- 
oirs; Nat. Port. Gallervof Eminent Americans, 
2 vols , 1862 ; " History of the War for the Un- 
ion," 3 vols., 1861-5; Memorial of John Allan, 
printeil for the Bradford Club, 1864; a Me- 
morial of Francis L. Hawks, D.D., read before 
the N Y. Hist. Soc , 1867, printed for the So- 
ciety in 1871. He has also contrib. larirely to 
periodicals. A sermon by his son, Rev. Henry 
Duyckinck of St. Mark's Cli., N.Y., a promis- 
ing yonns; clcrj.'vman (b. Nov. 6,1843; Col. 
Coll. 1867; d. Feb. 16, 1870), was printed in 
connccrioTi with funeral-services, in 1870. 

Duyckinck, George Long, bro. of E.A., 
b. at Xi;w Viirk, Oct. 17, 1823; d. there Mar. 
30, 1863. N. Y. U. 1843. He studied law, 
and was adm. to the N.Y. bar, but never prac- 
tised. Besides his share in the " CycIopiEdia" 
and in the Literary WorUl, he pub. " Gcorsje 
Herbert," 1858; "Life of Bishop Thomas 
Ken," 1859 ; "Jeremy Taylor," 1860; "Lati- 
mer," 1861, and various essays and reviews in 
the peViodicals of the day. 

Dwight, Harrison Gray Otis. D.D., 
missionary, b. Conway, Ms., Nov. 22, 1803; 
killed bv accident on the N. Vt. Railroad, Jan. 
2.5,1862. H. U. 1825; And. Sem. 1828. Em- 
barking for the East in Jan. 1830, he settled 
in Constantinople, where, for near 30 years, 
he preached, superintended schools, and edited 
a religious paper. Author of "Christianity 
brouL'iit Home from the East," I2mo, 1850; 
" Memoir of Mrs. E. O. Dwiglit,"N.Y., 1840. 

Dwight, Josiii'H, soldier and judge, b. 
Dedham, Ms., Oct. 16, 1703; d. Great Bar- 
rington, June 9. 1765. H. U. 1722. Son of 
Henry of Hatfield, and grandson of Timothy 
of Dedham. Adm. to the bar in 1733, he be- 
came judge of C.C.P., Worcester Co., in 1739, 
and in 1761 judge of the Co. Court, and of 
Probate of Berkshire Co. A brig.-gcn. at the 
reduction of Louisburg, in 1745, he com. the 
.Ms. Art., and was disting. and commended by 
Pcp|)crell. In 1 756, at the lieiid of a brigade 
of militia, ho served at Lake Champlain, in 
the .•second French war ; 1 1 years representative 
of Brook'icld, speaker of the house in 1749. 

Dwight, JlARV AvN, teacher, 1). JJorlh- 
uiiipt'jn, Ms., 1806; d. Morrisuiiia, N.Y., Dec. 



1858. In 1849, .she pub. an excellent work on 
Grecian and Roman niythologv, and in 1856 
an elementary treati.se on the iiiic arts. She 
had also prepared for publication an abridg- 
ment of " Lanzi's History of Painting." — 
Hist. Mag., iii., 28. 

Dwight, Sereno Edwards, D.D. (Y.C. 
1833), teacher and divine, b. Greenfield, Ct., 
May 18, 1786; d. Phila., Nov 30, 1850. Y.C. 
1803. Son of Pres. Dwight, and in youth was 
remarkable for brilliant talents, and force of 
character. Tutor at Yale in 1806-10; and fiom 
ISlOto 1815practised law with success. During 
this period, he wrote his celebrated essay on the 
lawfulness of marriage with a wife's sister, 
entitled " The Hebrew Wife." In 1816, he en- 
tered the ministry, and was chosen chaplain of 
the U. S. senate. In the summer of 1817, he 
became pastor of the Park-st. Church, Boston ; 
but in the spring of 1826, he re-signed on ac- 
count of failing health. In 1 82S-31, he conduct- 
ed with his bro. Heury, a large school in N. 
Haven, called The Gvmnasinm. Pres. of Ham. 
Coll., Clinton, N.Y.; 18.3-3-5. He was an able 
preacher, a good writer, and a captivating 
and successful teacher. Author of the Life 
of his relative, Jonathan Edwards, " Sermons 
and Addre.-ses," "TheLifeof Brainerd," 1822; 
a vol. on the " Atonement," 1830; a vol. of 
"Select Discourses," pub. in 1851, together 
with a memoir by his bro. Rev. Dr. W. T. 
Dwight. He edited Jona,than Edwards's 
Works 10 vols., 8vo, 18.30. 

Dwight, Theodore, lawyer and brilliant 
political writer, b. Northampton, Ms., 16 Dec. 
1764 ; d. N.Y., June 11, 1846. Bro. of Pres. 
Dwight. His mother was dau. of Pres. 
Edwards. He studied law at Hartford, prac- 
tised with repute, wrote frequently on political 
subjects, became very pojiular with the Federal 
party, was many years in the senate of Ct. ; 
JI.C. 1806-7. His eloquence and readiness in 
debate insured him a leading piirt in Congress ; 
and he was a prominent advocate of the bill 
for the suppression of the slave-trade. He ed- 
ited the Mirror, pub. at Hartford, the leading 
Federal journal in that State during the war. 
Sec. of the Hartford Convention, the proceed- 
ings of which, he pub. in 18.53. In 1815, he 
pul). the Alliany Dnili) Adcerliser, and, two years 
afterwards, commenced the .V. Y. Daili/ Adver- 
tiser, continuing to act as a.ssoc. editor and 
proprietor, until the great fire of 1835, when 
lie relinquished his interest,, and retired with 
his family to Hartford. He was a founder, 
and long an active director, of the Bible Socie- 
ty. He had a hand in the poetical and politi- 
cal essays of The Echo in the Hartford .Mernin/, 
in common with Hopkins and Alsop. He 
was the author of " Character of Thus. .Jeffer- 
son, as exhibited in his own Writings," 1839 ; 
" Dictionary of Roots and Derivations." 

Dwight, TiiKODORE, author, b. Hartford, 
Ct., Mar. 3, 1796; d. Brooklyn, Oct. 16, 1866, 
from injuries recei»'ed by a railroad accident. 
Y.C. 1814. Son of the preceding. After 
visiting a great portion of Europe, in 1821, 
he pub. "A Tour in Italy," 1824. In 1S33, 
he removed to Brooklyn, engaged in philan- 
thropic and literary ];ur.~uits ; assisted his 
father in editing the Daili/ Adcerliser; after- 



D"WT 



K,An 



ward taught »cliool in IJrocjkivn, ami ilii'ii in 
N. Y. Ciiy. Wtt.H cnynKi^d in sfvcnil niai;a- 
xini-H and Itfriudicalii, and I'dili'd and pub. 
the X. Y. PreAifteriun, lie ivas a yood lin^uiiil, 
and was a member of many M'ii^ititic, literary, 
anil philosophic societies. Author uf a " lli^t. 
of Connecticut " 1841 ; a vol. on the revol. of 
1S4S ; " A Summi'r Tour in the Xorihern and 
Middle Stati-s," 1847; (in conjunction with 
Wm. Darby), " A Xciv Gazetteer of the I'.S.," 
IS.'!;); " S'choolmiisier'3 Friend," 8vo, IS.tj; 
" The Northern Tnivcller," l2ino, 1841 ; 
'• Lensonn in Greek," linio, 18.^1 ; The " Fath- 
er's Book ; " " Life of Garibaldi," I8r)0. Some 
of his [loetical pieces arc in Everest's Poets of 
Ct. 

Dwight, Timothy, D.r>.(>?.J. Coll. 1787), 
I.L.U. III.L. l.-*10), divine and scholar, b. 
NorihaiiiptiHi, .Ms.. 14 Mav, 17.52; d.N. Haven, 
UJan. 1817. V. C. 1709. Col. Timothy, his 
father, was a merchant, andd. Xaichi'Z, 10 June, 
1772. Mary, his mmhcr, dau. of Jonathan 
Edwards, was a woman of tali'nts and rare 
e.Kcellence. Tutor at Yale, 1771-7 ; licenced 
to preach, and a chaplain in the IJovol, army, 
Sept. 1777-Oct. 1778. Iledid much tolieiBhtcn 
the enthusiasm of the soldiers by his popular 
patriotic snn;;s. ilc then worked on n farm 4 
years, aidin;; in the support of his mother and 
family, and ocasionally prcachin;;; meinlierof 
the k>'isl. in 1781 aiid 1786; ord. minister 
of Greenfield, Ct, 12 Nov. 1783, and at the 
Bame time lauKht an acad. with success ; prcs. 
of Yale Coll. from Sept. 1795 to his death ; at 
the same time prof, of thcol., and prcather in 
the coll. chapel. In 1796, he began travelling 
through the N.E. States and N.Y. during his 
college vacations ; iiuldishingin 1821, in 4 vols., 
8vo. " Travels in N.E. and N.Y.," a work of 
permanent value and interest in regard to the 
natural history and social condition of the 
country*, lie was eminently (|ualilied as an 
instructor, and largely increased the usefulness 
of Y. Coll. Dr. l)\vight had a commamling 
presence, great industry and research, and a 
wonderful memory ; was a strong, •^ound, and 
impressive preacher, and a poet of no mean 
ability. Anthorof " The Compiest of Canaan," 
nn epic poem, linishcd in 1774, pub. 1785; 
" Greenfield Hill, ' a poem, 1794 ; a revision 
of " Walts's Version of the Psalms," 1800; 
" Thcohicy Explained and Dcfendetl," 5 vols., 
1818, which has ]uisseil through many editions; 
" Sermons," 2 vols,, 182S ; " Keraarks on the 
Review of Inchiquin's Letters," pub. in the 
QiM/(<r/y /Jcci'eic, 1815; and many occasional 
sermons. In 1772, he delivered at Y.C. adis- 
Fcrtation on the " History, Elotjucncc, and 
Poetry of the Bilph\" pub. Iwth in the U.S. 
and Europe. His son Henry Edwin (Y.C. 
1815), author of "Travels in the N. of Gcr- 
nmnv," l^iS-C, d. N. Haven, U Aug. 1832, 
a. 3.'i. 

Dwight, William Theodore, D.D. 
(B C. 184G), elergvman and auihor, h. Green- 
field, Qu. June lo, 1795; d. Andover, Ms., 
Oct. 22, 1865. Y. C. 1813. Son of Pres. 
Dwight. Tutor in Y.C. 1817-19 ; in 1821 wa,s 
adm. to the bar of Phlla., at « liich he practised 
10 years. Pastor of the 3d Cong. Church. 
Porilaud, Me., from June 6, 1832, to May, 



1804. He WIS line of ihc most prominent and 
influential ministers in Maine, and excelle<l an 
a preacher. Pres. of the Portland Binevolenl 
Soc., of the Me. Missionary Soc, of the Cong. 
Library Assoc., of the Board of Visitors of 
Andover Theol. Seminary, and of the Albany 
Convention of Cong. Churches. He nnb. a 
" Memoir of Rev. S. E. Dwight, D D ,'' 1851 ; 
orations, addresses, discour-e», and review 
articles.— >'.C. OUil. llrmnl. 

Dyer, Elii-halkt, led. (Y. C. 1787), 
soldier and jurist, b. Windham, Ct., Sept. 28, 
1721 ; d. Iherc May 13. 18t)7. Y. C. 1740. Ilc 
commenced the practice of law ; in 1745-02 
was representative to the Gen. Court. He 
com. a Ct. regt. during the French war (app. 
1755) ; was elected a incmlwruf thccouncil in 
1762; went to Eng. in 1763 us agent of the 
Susquehanna Company, and was a delegate to 
the Stamp Act Congress in 1705. He was 
also a delegate to Congress in 1 774, and, except- 
ing 1779. held during the war a scat in that 
body. He was app. a judge of the Supremo 
Coiirt in 1766, and in 1789-93 was chief- 
justice. — Roqen. 

Dyer, Mary, wife of William, was n dis- 
ciple of Anne Hutchinson, and a victim to the 
perswuiion of the Quakers ; hanged on Bosion 
Common, Juno I, lOCO. Quakers were by 
statute excluded from the bounds of Ms. ; and 
death was the penalty for a second visit. Mary 
Dyer, who had left on the enactment of the 
law, soon returned on purpose to ofTcr up her 
life. She was arrested, and sent to prison ; 
was reprieved after liein'.' led forth to execution, 
and was, against her will, conveyed out of the 
Colony. She speedily returned, and sufivrcd 
as a willing martvr. 

Eagle, Hknry, commo. U.S.N., h. X.Y. 
Midsbipm. Jan. I, 1818; licut. Mar. 3, 1827; 
com. June 4. 1844; capt. Sept. 14, 1855; 
commo. retired list, Julv 16, 1802. Atlnehcd 
to sloop "Xatchcj!," \V. I. s<|iiail. 18.30-3; 
com. bomb-vessel •' ./Etna," during the Mexican 
war; stationed at Taba.sco, also civil and mili- 
tary gov. of the Province, 184"; com. frigate 
"Sanlcc," Gulf squall., 1861-2, organiiing and 
sending out several successful expcds. against 
the enemy while stationed in the Gulf. 

£ames, Ciiari.es, lawyer, journalist, and 
diplomatist, b. Xew Brnintrcc. Ms., Mar. 20, 
1812; d. Washington, DC, Mar. 16, 1867. 
H.U. 1831. He stu.lied at the Camb. Law 
School, hut was prevented by ill health from 
practising, and in 1845 took a positiim in the 
navy dept. A few miiiiihs later, he liccamc 
assoc. editor of the ll'ii.«/ii'/i'/(oii i'niun. and was 
app. by Mr. Polk conimiss to the Sandwich 
Islanils for the negotiation of a treaty. In 
1850, he returned, and, after editing the Sa.-J)- 
villr Union for six months, again edited the 
Union, until sent minister to Venciuela by 
Pres. Pierce, lie returned to Washington in 
1H58, where he practised law until his di-aih. 
During the last 5 years of his life, his manage- 
ment of (iriw-cases showed him to be one of 
the l)cst admiralty lawyers of the country ; while 
he won high distinction by his great knowledge 
of intenmtional law. 

Earle, Plint, inventor, b. I.^-icesier. M«., 
Dec. 17, 1702; d. there Nor. 29, 1832. In 



EAR 



293 



K^S 



1785, he, with Echvanl Snow, mnnufacturcd 
carils for carding (.'ottoii and wool. Mr. Earle 
at first made these li_v hand, liut soon invented 
!he machine, siill in nse, for their manufacture, 
h_v whicli tlic labor of a man for 15 honrseould 
he iicrfornied in as many niinntcs. He was a 
memlier of the society of Friends. 

Earle, Pliny, M.D. (1837), physician. 
Son of the preceding, b. Leicester, Ms., Dec. 31, 
1809. Edncaled at the Friends' Boarding 
Seliool at Providence, where ho afterward 
taught. He travelled in Europe, returned to 
Phila. in 1839; from 1840 to 1842 was resi- 
dent physician of the insane hospital at Frank- 
ford, Pa". ; from 1844 to April, 1849, was physi- 
cian to the insane asylnm, Bloomingdale.N.Y., 
when lie visited the insane hospitals of Europe. 
In 1S53. he was app. visiting physician to the 
X Y. City lunatic asylum. He has written 
much in the meilical and scientific journals, 
and the Journal of Insaniti/. He pub. " Mar- 
athon and other Poems," in 1841, but soon 
withdrew the edition from the market ; " Visit 
to 13 Asylums for the Insane in Europe;" 
" History. Description, and Statistics of the 
Blooniingdale Asylum," 1848 ; a volume on in- 
stiiutions for the insane in Germany and Aus- 
tria, pub. orifxinaliy in the Journal of Insan- 
il;/. also a series of articles on " Blood-letting 
in ill iital Disorders," in book-form, 1854. 

Earle, UALi-uand J.vmes, painters. Ralph 
b Leicester, Ms, II Mav, 1751 ; d. Bolton, 
Ct., 16 .\ng. 1801. Grandson of Ralf, an ear- 
Iv settler of L. He painted in Ct. in 1775, and 
executed 4 hist, paintings (believed to be the 
first ever exec by an Ainer. artist), represent- 
in;,' views of the battle of Lcxinijton. After 
the peace, he studied in Loud, under West; was 
nude a member of the Roy. Acad., painted a 
])Nrirait of the king, and returned to Amer. in 
1 7i6. He painted in various parts of N.E. 
Aiiinng his works is a large pi(?tnre.of Niaga- 
i.i l-'alls, portraits of Prcs. Dwight and Gov. 
.Strong. James, a portrait-painter, h. Leices- 
ter; d. Charleston, S.C, Sept. 179G, of yellow- 
fever. Augustus, son of Ralph, was an ec- 
centric and disting. painter in N. Orleans. — 
His'. Lrirestcr ; Dunlrip. 

Earle, Thomas, writer on law, bro. of 
Pliny, b. Leicester, Ms., April 21, 1796; d. 
Phila., July 14, 1849. Educated at Leicester 
Acad., removed to Phila. in 1817, engaged in 
mercantile pursuits for a few years, then stud- 
ied law, and commenced practice in that city, 
where he was disting. He ed. successively the 
Coliimhian Ohserver, Standard, Pann.ii/li:anian, 
and Mtdianics' Free Press and Riform Adoocale ; 
look an active part in calling the Const. Conv. 
of Pa. in 1837, and was a prominent member. 
He lost his popularity with the Democ. party 
by advocating the exten>ion of the right of 
suffrage to negroes. In 1840, he was the can- 
didate of the Liberty party for the vice-pre-ii- 
ileiiiy. lie pub. an "JOssayon Penal Law," 
an "Essay on the Rights of States to alter and 
annul their Charter," "A Treatise on Railroads 
and Internal ronimunications," 1830, and a 
"Lite of Benjamin Lnndy." At his death, he 
had nearly completed a history of the French 
Revol., and a translation of Si.smondi's " Ital- 
ian Rcpu'ilics." 



Early, John, bishop of the M. E. Church, 
South, b. Va., 1785. He joined the Va. conf. 
when young, became an itinerant minister, and 
was successively sec. of conf., presiding elder, 
and delegate of thegen. conf At the gen. conf. 
in 1846, he was chosen book-agent, continuing 
in office until elected bishop in 1854. 

Early, Jural A., gen. C. S..A., b. Va., ab. 
1818. West Point, f8.37. Entering the 1st 
Art., he served in the Florida war, and resigned 
in July, 1838, to study and practise law in Va., 
where he became a member of the legisl., and 
State atty. 1843-7 and 1848-52. Major of a 
Va. regt. in the Mexican war, from Jan. 1847 
to Aug. 1848. In 1861, he entered the ainiy 
of Va. as a col. ; com. a brigade at Bull Run, 
arriving on the field at a critical period of 
the day; m.ij.-gen. Feb. 1863; com. a divis- 
ion at Gettysburg. Early in 1864, he was 
ordered to com. the forces in the Shenandoah 
Valley, and in July invaded Mil., and threat- 
ened Washington City ; defeated by Sheridan 
at Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864; again on 
the 22d at Fisher Hill, and at Opequan, Oct. 
19. He pub. in 1867 "Memoirs of the Last 
Year of the War." Now (1871) practises law 
in Richmond, Va. 

Early, Peter, jurist and statesman, b. 
Madison Co., Va., June 20, 1773; d. Green 
Co., Ga., Aug. 15, 1817. N.J. Coll. 1792. In 
1795, he emig. with his father to Ga. Studied 
law in Phila., and practised successfully at the 
Ga. bar. M.C. in 1802-7. His speech as one 
of the prosecutors of the impeachmen t of Judge 
Chase was one of the ablest on that side. 
Judge of thp State Sup. Court from 1807 to 
1813; gov. 1813-15, and subsequently a State 
senator. 

Eastburn, James Wallis, poet, b. Eng., 
1797 ; d. on the passage to Santa Cruz, Dec. 
2, 1S19. Cul. Coll. 1816. He studied theol. 
under Bishop Griswold at Bristol, R.I. With 
R. C. Sands, in 1817-18, he wrote " Yamoy- 
den," a romantic poem founded on the history 
of King Philip, sachem of the Wampanoags, 
pub. 12mo, 1820. He also wrote some fugitive 
poems. In 1818, he was ord., took charge 
of a pari^h in Accomae, Va., and having sailed 
for Santa Cruz, for the restoration of his health, 
died a few davs after embarking. 

Eastburn, Manton, D. D. (Col. Coll. 
183.5), Pr.-Ep. bishop of Ms. : bro. of J. W., 
b. Eng., Feb. 9, 1801. Col. Coll. 1817; Gen. 
Theol. Sem. His parents came to the U.S. 
when he was a l)Oy, and settled in N.Y. Ord. 
in May, 1822; assist, miuisterof Clirist Cliurch, 
NY., for a few years ; became rector of the 
Church of the Ascension in 1827 ; was consec. 
assist, bishop of Ms., Boston, Dec. 29, 1842; and 
Feb. 15, 1843, became bishop. Bp. Eastburn 
delivered 4 lectures on Hebrew, Latin, and Eng- 
lish poetry, before the N.Y. AtbentEum, in 1 825 ; 
in 1829, he eontrih. a porticm of a vol. of " Es- 
says and Dissertations on Biblical Literature;" 
in 1833 pub. " Lectures on the Epistles to the 
Philippians," and in 1837 delivered the ora- 
tion at the semicentennial anniversary of 
Col. Coll. He has edited " Thornton's Family 
Prayers." 

Eastman, Charles Gamaoe, poet and 
journalist, b. Frycbnrg, Me., June I, 1816. 



KA^ 



204 



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He n-ihovcd with lit* parents, nt nn iMrly a^'e, 
to Bnnianl, Vt., iin(UniilK'<l nt UovttNton u-ail., 
at Winilsor. niiil at Burliii-rton.' Wai iiliiur 
of llii- liarHifiluH SriilinrI in 1 81.5-0 ; com- 
nionceil thi- Lumoitle Uiitr /Crin-rm, iii JuliiKnn, 
Vi., in iho sprin-j of 18.18; I'Siiilili-ln-il the 
Hiuril tif Ihe .4v, iit WocljUiK-k, Vt., in 1840, 
unil (iiiivlirtufil itic I'/. I'litiial, Hn<l ivmovoil 
to Mmii|n'li.T, in I (*46. Ho whs iHHtniastcr at 
Wooilsii«k mill Mi>nt(icliir, scwriil yc«M, and 
Bciiator lor Wa-liiti;;iiin Co. in 1851-i. He 
pnb. a lul. of iKK'nis in 1848, coiitrili. poetry 
to the ri'VH w» and nm;;iuines, and has delivered 
pOi'ini lit inneh merit at Durtm., Vt. U., and 
Olher lolh-i-.s. 

Eastman, Maky (Hksdkrson), author- 
ess, 1), W'iirivnton, Va.. at). 181". Dan. of 
Dr. Thos. Henderson, U.S.A. She was, in 
1833, in. to Capt. Seth Ka^tinnn, U.S.A., with 
whom >he lonj; resided at Kort Siiellin;,' and 
other frontier posts. She pul). " l>aroiah, or 
Life and Legends of the Siou.x," 1849 ; " Ko- 
inanee of Inilian Life," 18."i2 ; " Amuriean Al>- 
orit;innl Portfolio," 186.1 ; " ("liieora, and other 
Rc;;i<>ns of the Conquered," 1854; "Aunt 
Philliii'.s Cabin," a reply to " Uncle Tom's Cab- 
in," in 1852; "Tales of Fashionable Life," 
also many tnlcs and sketches for Arthur's and 
other inav'"'-ii'*^s. 

Eastman, I'liii.ip, lA, D., jurist, b. Chat- 
hnin, N. II., leb. I7'j;» ; d. Saco, .Me.. An-. 7, 
1869. Bowd. Coll. 1820. Adm. to \\w bar in 
1823; practlMMl at N. Yarmouth, 1821-36, 
Harrison, 1816-47, ami at S.ieo, 1847-C9. In 
1840, with Kbcneier Everett, he re>i>ed and 
pub, (he " General Statutes of Mniiie ; " State 
senator, 1840-2 ; on the iiortli-ea»tern bounda- 
ry cotiiinission in 1842-.1; comniissioner for 
Cnml.erland Co.. 184-1-8. In 1849. ho pub. a 
di;.'esi of the first 26 vols, of the " Maine Law 
KcTort.." 

Eastman, SKxii.hrcv. briir.-fren.U.S.A.b. 
Bruiis«iek, Me., 24 .Ian. 1803. West I'oiiit, 
1829. Kriterinfj 1st Inf., he became capt. 12 
Nov. 18.19; maj.Sth Inf,.1l Oct. 18.>6: lieiit - 
col. 1st Inf., 9 Sept. 1861 ; bn'V. col. anil bri;; • 
gen. 9 An;;. 1866; retiivd .1 Dec. 1863. As- 
sist, teacher of drawing at West I'oint. 181.1- 
40; ill the Florida wur, 1 840-1 ; author of a 
" Treatise on Topognipliical Drawinj," 1837 ; 
" History, Condition, and Fntiins I'ri>S|)ccts of 
the Indian Tril)es of the U.S.," illustrated, and 
pub.- In order of Congress, 1850-7. 

EastOU, Col. Jamks, Uevol. sohlicr, b. 
Hartlord, Cl ; d. I'ittsfu-ld. Ms. Ho was a 
builder. Kemoved from l.itehliehl.Ct., to Pitts- 
field, in 1763. Was a prominent citizen, nn 
active patriot, and meinlHT of the legisl. 1774. 
He raised a ri'gt. in Berkshire ; was one of the 
lenilers in the exped. wlii'-h captured Tironde- 
pogn. .May 9, 1775; and was the liearvrof the 
ililelli^ence to the Prov. Congress. He was 
one of the earliest to advocate the invasion of 
Canada; coin. « rt'it. umler Montgiiinery, ren- 
dering valuable service up to the close of the 
year 1776. and receivcil the thanks of Congress, 
Dan 9, 1776. Ilis further service in the army 
was prevented by the enmity of Amcdd. He 
sacriliced his whole fortune in the service of 
his eimntrv. and d. in (loveriy. 

EaStOU, XlCtloL.13, gov. of K. I., 1650-2, 



1072-4 ; i;.Ne»,iori,15.\iig , 1075,0.82. Came 
from Wales in 1014, witli his two smii-., Peter 
and .John, resided 1 year nt lp»wieli. then in 
Xewbiiry, and in 1618 removeil to Hampton. 
He was one of the tirst settlers of both the 
last'ineniioned towns, ami having, in conse- 
qneiiee of some ditferenres with the govt., re- 
moved to Portsm., It. I., in 1638, and afterwards 
to Xew[K>rt, erected in that place the first bouse. 
John, bis s<in, gov. 1690-5, d. 1705, a. 88. was 
niilhor of " A Narrative of the Causes which 
led to Philip's inilian War of 1675-6," pub. 
by V. n. IIouL'h, Albanv, 1858. 

Eaton, Amos, lM>tanist, b. Chatham, X.Y , 
Mav, 1776 ; d Trov, X.Y., May 6. 1842. Wms. 
Col'l. 1799. He '.fitted himself for college 
while a blacksmith's apprentice ; studied law un- 
der Alex. Hamilton, and wns ailm. to the bar. 
Bi-eoniing agent and surveyor of the Living- 
ston estates on the Hudson Kiver, he studied 
cheinistr)', mineralogy, and lioiany, and com- 
menced lecturing on the natural sciences, at 
Wins Coll. in 1817. In 1820, fjen. Stephen 
Van l{ensselaer einployeil him to make a geo- 
logical survey of the region through which the 
Erie Canal afterward passed, which was piih. in 
1824. When l{en.s,selairestab!ished the in-iiiutc 
at Troy, he made Eaton senior prof He pub. 
" Index to the (ieologv of the Northern ."states," 
1818; "The Pbilos.' Instructor," 1824; "A 
Geol. Text-Book," " A Manual of the Botany 
of N. America," 1831, the first pojnilar text- 
book of that science pnb. in the L S , and a 
"Treatise on Engineering and Sun-eving," 
4to, NY. 

Eaton, Amo9 B., brev. maj.-gen. and com- 
mis-gen. U.S..\ , b. X.Y. West Point. 18-.'6. 
Entering the 2d Inf. he bi'came capt. I .Mar. 
1839; transferred to conimis. depi. 7 Julv, 
1838; maj. 9 May, 1861; col. 9 Feb. 186.3; 
brig.-gcn. ami coin.-gen. 29 .Iiinc. 1804: brev. 
maj. -ecu. '13 Jinr. 1865. He served in the 
Florida war, 1817-41 ; chief com. of sidwist. 
in (ien. Taylor's army in Mexico in 1847-8; 
anil brev. inaj 23 Feb. 1*47, for gallnnt and 
merit coniluct at Baena Vista. — ''n/'icn. 

Eaton, CvRl"S, b. Kratnin'.;hnm, Ms., Feb. 
II. 17.S4 40 years a snccessful teacher in Me. 
Hecatue totally blind in 1845. .Vuthor of 
" Annals of Warren, Me ," 8vo. 1851 ; " Wo- 
man." n poem, 1854; "Hist, of Thoma^ton, 
Me.." 8vo, 2 vols.. 1863. 

Eaton, IIon*cE M.D., gov. of Vt.. 1846- 
9. b. Barnard. Vt.. .Tunc 22. 1804; il. ,luly 4, 
1835. Mid. Coll. 1825. He practise<l medi- 
cine in Enoslairy from 1 828 U) 1 848. when he 
W.1S npp. prof, of chemistry and nnt. hist, in 
Mid. Coll., sulisi-qnently resiiling at Middle- 
btirv. Some years a meniUcr of the lej^sl. ; 
lieii't.-gov. from 1843 to 1846; supt. of schools 
troin 1845 to 18.'>0, and member of the Cimst. 
Conv in 1848. 

Eaton, .Major .Ion N Henrt, a noted |>oli- 
riiian. b. Teiin.; d. Washington, DC. Nov. 
17. 18.56, a. 66 U.S. senator fmm Tenn., 
1818-29 ; sec. of war nnder Pres. Jackson (as 
well as n warm personal friend), 1829-31 ; 
gov. of Fin. Terr. 1834-6, and minister to 
Spain. I81i'>-»0. Antlior of an elaborate Life 
of .I.ack«on. 8vo, 1824. 

Eaton, TttKoiMitLCS, first gov. of New 



EA.T 



295 



EDD 



Haven Colony, — from 1638 till liis d., Jan. 7, 
1657, a 66; h. Stony Straitorii, Co. Bucks, 
]mi^'. Ilis father was a eleruvman. He was 
bred a incrchanc ; was for some years the Eny;- 
lish agent at the court of Denmark, and was 
afterward a merchant of Loud., of hi;^h repute. 
He accouip Mr. Davenport to N. K. in 1637 ; 
was soon chosen a magistrate of JIs., and was 
one of the founders of New Haven in 1638. 
His bros. SvMLEL, assist, minister to Mr. 
Davenport in 1640-44, d. Eujr. 16G.3; Natu'l. 
was lirsl head of Harv. Coll. 1637-9. 

Eaton, LiiiN. WiLLl.vM, b. Woodstock, 
Ct., -23 Feb. 1764; d. Brinitield, Ms., 1 June, 
I81I. Damn .Coll. 1790. Hi»- father, a. -ehool- 
mastcr and fanner, leinoved to Mai»>fie!il, ab. 
1774. The son acquired a jrodd Eui,'li?h edu- 
cation, and at 16 entered tlie Kevol. army, which 
he left in 17S3, with the rank of sergeant. He 
tau;;ht school in Vt. in 178S-91; was clerk of 
the H. of delejrates in Oct. 1791 ; capt. in the 
U.S.A. in 1792-7, and July 11, 1797, was made 
consul to Tunis, where he arrived in Mar. 1799. 
He concerted with Hanict the lawful chief of 
Tripoli, then in exile, an exped. asjainst the 
usurping bashaw ; captured Deriic by assault, 
27 Apr. 1805, and repulsed several attempts to 
retake the place with .severe loss to the as-ail- 
ants. Eaton was on the point of compietinj^ his 
project, and capturin;,' Tripoli, when lie learned 
that a treaty of peace had been made, by which 
he was coni|ieiled to evacuate Derne. Eaton 
was well received on bis return home ; was 
honorably mentioned in the President's mes- 
sage to Coiiiiress, and was i^ranted by the le<^isl. 
of Ms. Id.UUU acres of land, but failed to obtain 
compensation fiom the frovt. for his pecuniary 
losses, or ^uch employment as his talents and 
services entitled him to expect. The King of 
Denmark pre-cnted him with an elegant ac- 
knowledgment in a gold bo.x, of services be ren- 
dered several eaiitured Danes at Tunis. In the 
winter of 1S06 Burr endeavored, inetfectually, 
to enlist liim in bis conspiracy ; and, on his 
trial at Hiehinond, Eaton testified against him. 
This bold and enterprising man, under the 
intlucnce of disappointment, fell a victim to 
intemperance a few years later. Uis letters and 
journal were pub. in " The Life of Gen. 
Eaton," written by Prentiss, 8vo, 1813. An- 
other, by C. C. Felton, compiled from Eaton's 
pa|)ers, is in " Sparks's Atner. Biog." 

Ebeling, Ckuistoi-her Daniel, a Ger- 
man scholar and author, b. Hildesheim, Nov. 
20, 1741; d. Hamburg, June -30, 1817. He 
studied theology at Gottingen, but devoted 
himself to geographical studies, and held for 
•'i.i years the professorship of history and Greek 
in the Hamburg Gymnasium, and was sujit. 
of the Hamburg Library. For his great work, 
" Geography and History of N. America," 
Hamburg, 179.3-9, in 5 vols., he received the 
thanks ol the U.S. Congress. He paid special 
attention to this subject, and coll. about 10,01)0 
maps, and nearly 4,000 books, relating to Amer. 
This valuable coll. was purc-hased, and pre- 
sented to the library of Har. Coll. in 1818, by 
Israel Thorndike. 

Eberle, John, M.D., phvsician and medi- 
cal writer, b. Uagerstown, M"d., 10 Deir. 1787 ; 
d. Lexington, Ky., Feb. 2, 1838. U. of I'a. 



1809 He edited a political paper awhile in 
Phila. ; be;;an to edit tlie Me/l. lin-onler in 
1818, which he continued .5 or 6 years ; was 
one of the founders of the Jeff. Med. Coll. of 
Phila , and lecturer on materia medica, and 
theorv and practice ; was a prof, in the Med. 
Coll. 'of Ohio, 1831-7, and in the Transylv. 
Med. School at Lexington from 1837 until his 
death. He was one of the editors of the 
Western Med. Gnzclte and the Oliio Met!. 
Li/ceam. Author of " I'hcrle's Therapeutics," 
1822; "Theory and Practice of Medicine;" 
" Eberle's Notes ; " " Diseases of Children ; " 
"Amer. Med. Recorder," Phila., 8vo, 1819 ; 
"Biitanical Terminology," 1818. 

Eocleston, Saml-el, D 1).. 5th K.C. 

archbishop of the U.S., b. Md. 1801; d. 
Georgetown, DC., April 8, 1851. E.lucatecl 
at St. Mary's Coll. He visited Eng., Ireland, 
and France, after his ordination, and, soon af- 
ter his return to Md., was elected, first to the 
vice-presidency, and subsequently to the presi- 
dency, of St. "Mary's Coll. Sep't. 14, 1834, he 
w.is app. assist, bishop to Archbishop White- 
field, whose death in that year invested him 
with the title and honors of the principal see 
of the chuich in the U.S. 

Eckford, Henkv, shipbuilder, b. Irvine, 
Scotland, March 12, 1775; d. Constantinople, 
Nov. 12, 1832. At 16, he was placed with 
John Black, a maternal uncle, and naval con- 
structor at Quebec, and in 1796 began busi- 
ness in N.Y., where he soon introduced im- 
provements in naval architecture, and took the 
lead in his profession. During the War of 
1812, he coiistructcd the ships-of-war on 'the 
Lakes with such exped. and skill, that the glori- 
ous results may be partially attributed to him. 
Soon after the war, he built the steamer " Rob- 
ert Fulton," which in 1822 made the first suc- 
cessful steam-trip to N. Orleans and Havana. 
A])p. naval contractor at Brooklyn in 1820, 6 
sbips-of-the-liue of which " The Ohio "was the 
first, were constructed after his models. Dis- 
gusted with the interference of the board of 
naval commissioners, he left the govt, service, 
and was afterward employeil in building vcs- 
sels-ofwar for vaiious European powers, and 
for some of the Republics of S.A. He made a 
plan for the re-organization of the uavy at the 
request of Pres. Jackson, and projectiul a pro- 
fessorship of naval architecture for Col. Coll. 
In 1831, he constructed a ship-ofwar for Sul- 
tan Mahmoud, which led himio visit Turkey, 
where he organized a navy-yard. 

Eddy, Samuel, LL.D. (1801), judge, b. 
Johnson, R. I., March 31. 1769 ; d. Providence, 
Feb. 2, 1839. Brown U. 1787. He studied 
law, but did not long practise it; was clerk 
of the Sup. Court in 1790-3; was sec. of 
State in 1798-1819; M.C. 1819-25, and was, 
in 1827-35, chief-justice of the Sup. Court of 
R.I. He m.ide valuable contribs. to the Colls. of 
the Ms. Hist. Society, and pub. a work on 
" Antiquities." 

Eddy, Thomas, philanthropist, b. Phila., 
Sept. 5, 1758; d. N.Y., Sept. 16,1827. His 
parents were Qintkers. He began to trade in 
New York in 1779, afterward became an insur- 
ance-broker in that citv, and was sueccs^lul 
lie was active in originating the "I'eniteuti- 



~\ 



Rote 



296 



ED-W 



arv S.viom " of N.Y., ami, in IROI, puh. his 
ruk-lniiii-il work on ihc State I'lisnn of N.Y. 
The NY. IIoHpitnl.uf wliicli lie wah lonj; a 
Cov., ilio Iii^niio Asvluiii lit Uluomin^ilule, the 
preut Krie (^niiol, flic NY. Suviii;;* Institu- 
tion, mill ilio N.Y. Bililc Sorielj-, were fo>tcrcil 
or oriiriniiti'tl liy liini. iinil lii^ hilHjrs earned fur 
liim lliu liile of ilie Anicriean lluienrd. — See 
H.mnif, h,/S,imn^l A. A.'ii'i/>/>, 8vo, 1834. 

Eden, ('ihkles. gov. N.C., 1713-22; d. 
.Mill-ill L'li. 1722, a. 48. 

Eden, Sill UoiiKKT, last rov. i;ov. of Md., 
h. Diiili nil, Kii-. ; d. Ann.i|iolii, Sept. 2, 1786. 
lie MKTieili'il Sliiii'iie in I7C8, mid was more 
(liipoti'il to inoileraiioii than any of the other 
lirili.'-li oftii'irs, and romplied ivhiptantlv with 
the order of Con;;re.<» lo re!iii(|iii-h hii govt. 
After the rCHtoratioii of peace, he returned 
from Eng. to this country lor the recovery of 
his estates, to which he wa< entitled by the 
treaty of 178.1. He was a liro. of Sir John 
Eden, and ni. Lady Calvert, »i.<ter of Lord 
Baltimore. Created a liaronel, Oct. 19, 1776. 
His gnindson, .Sir Eivderick Eden, an ofiBeer 
in the ISritish nrmv, lell at New Orleans, 24 
Die IfiU. 

Eden, \\'ii.i.i.vM, Loud Auckland, a dis- 
ling. di|i.iiinatist Son of Sir llo'iert, and liro. 
of the pieiediiig, li. 1744; d. May 28, 1814. 
Was in 1778 one of ilie 3 commissioners who 
cttme to ilie U.S. to negotiate with the revolted 
Colonies 

EdeS, Bkvja.«in, Revol. journalist, b. 
Charlesiuwn, .Ms, Oct. 14, 1732; d. Boston, 
Dec. II. 180.1. Son of I'eler and Esther of 
C, jind ileseendcil in the fourth gen. from John 
of C., who was li. in Lawfonl Co., Essex, Eng- 
l.ind, .March .-il. 16.->I. A. and Hon. Art. Co., 
1760; styled " captain ;" and was one of the 
Sons of Li'icrty. In liis priniiiig-<iffice in 
Queen (now Conn) St., many of the " Boston 
Tea I'aiiv " disgni.sed themselves, and, on their 
return, did justice to a punch served in a 
punch-howl siill preserved anions his desi-end- 
ants. In 1755, he began, with .lobn Oill, the 
publication of the finsl'in Uazilli: unj Counl/i/ 
Journal, a newspaper of deserved popularity, 
unsurpassed in patriotism, and zeal for the 
cause of liberty, to whose columns Otis, the 
AdaiAses. Qniiiey, and Warren — the personal 
friends of Mr. ICdes — were constant contribut- 
ors. Mr. Edes wielded a cunsiic pen, ever 
ready to deal with the political questions of 
the liny Inthis letters to Lord llillsboro'. 
Gov. Bernard advised the arrest of both Edes 
and Oill, a.s publishg-s of sedition. During the 
siege of Boston, Edes having dissolved partner- 
ship with (iill, and admiiied his sons to his 
business, removed his press to Waiertown,nnd 
there coniinued to print the (lazrtlr, which was 
the "chosen miiiiihpiccc of the Whigs." The 
ftirW/c was disconiinuid Sept. 17, 1798, hav- 
ing lK.i'n edited l>y .Mr. Ede- for 43 years. At 
the ii;«enMig of the Uevol. war, ho possessed a 
lianiUoine pro|ioriy, which Wiis wholly lost by 
the depr ei itinn of the ciirreiicy. An obitaa y 
appeared in the Inil'it^nilriit Chivtiirfe of Dec. 
19. IMOJ. — Se lltickimihivn't Hemiii. of Priitl- 
iivi. 

Edes, I'ktkb, »<m of the preceding, b. Bos- 
ton, De.. 17, 1756; d. Baii-or, Me., iti 184U. 



In partnership with his father; afterwanls n;- 
sideil in NeW|iurt, H.I., Augusta and ll.illo- 
well, Me. Gen. (Jage oriUreil his arrest •• (or 
having tirc-armsconeiuleil in his hoii-c;" and, 
two days after the battle of Bunker's Hill, he- 
was thrown into |>risoii in Boston, where ho 
remained alMinl thrive months, llis journal, in 
MS., kept during his continement, is in |>o>sc's- 
sion of the family. 

Edmonds, FRtNCia W., banker and 
artist, 11. Hu'lson. NY., Nov. 22, 1806; d. 
at his scat on the Bronx Kiver, ab. 1860. .S<m 
of Gen. Samuel. He studied at the Nat. 
Acad, of Design, and b<-canie cashier of a 
bank, employing his leisure with bis |ieneil. 
In 18.')5, he sent to the acad. his Hrst tiicturc, 
" Sammy the Tailor," which attracted aitcn- 
tion, and was followed by the " I'enny Pa- 
per," " Sparking," " The City and Country 
Beaux," " Dominie Sampson,' " Commodore 
Trunion," ie. He licraine a tneinlior ol the 
acivl. in 1840; afterward vi-iicil Lond., Paris, 
and Koine, and assisteil in the resuscitation of 
the Anieriean Art Union, and in the estab- 
lishment of the N.Y (iallery of Fine .\rts 

Edmonds, Jons VVoktu, juiist and 
Spiritualist, li. Hud-on, N Y., .March 13, 1799. 
Ln. Coll. 1816. Adin. to the bar in 1819, he 
began praciiee in Hudson in 1820. Member of 
the legisl in 1831, and of the senate and Court 
of Errors in 1832-6. In 18.16-7. he was sent 
by govt, on sp-cial missions to the Indians on 
the frontiers. In 1837, he rcsninc I pnntit-c in 
NY. ('iiy ; became prison-inspector in 1843, 
inaugurating important reforms in the treat- 
ment of ci'iininals ; circuit juil:;e, 1845-7; 
judge of the Sup. Court, 1847-18.52. and 
memlier of the Court of .\p|H-al8 in 1852-3, 
when he reiiivd, and has since practised in New 
York. He hecauic an avowed advocate of the 
belief in the interj-ourse of man with the spirits 
of the departed, in 18.5.1, and in ls.54-5 pub. 
" Spirituaii-m," in 2 vols.. «vo. He lias pub. 
other works on the same subjects. 

Edwards, BKt.A lUxiis, D.D.. scholar, 
b S.intham -ton, Ms., Julv 4, 1802 ; d. Ga., 
April 20, 1852. Aiiih. Coll'. 1824 llesei-nded 
from a Welsh family, embracing llie two Jona- 
than Edwanls.'s and Pres. Dwiglit ainoiig its 
descendants. Before he was 11, be had ivad 
the Bilile through seven times, and Scott's 
Notes twice. He studied theologv at Aiidu- 
ver. Tutor at Ainh. Coll. 1826-«; s«-. of the 
Education Soiiety until 1813. In 1837, he 
was ap)). prof of Hebrew in the thcol. sem., 
and in 1848 was elected to the chair of bibli- 
cal literature. He pub. the " Eeletic Reader," 
and an iiitrod. lo it, " Biography of Self- 
tanght .Men." " .Memoirs of E. Cornelius," 
1 842 ; a vol. on the " Epistle to the Gala- 
lians," the Missionary Gazetteer, 1832 ; translat- 
ted, annolatiil, and criticisctl a large numlier 
of works; also ed the Amir, (i-iarltrlji llrtiis- 
Irr, 1827-12; con.lucled the Ainrr. Qm,lrrlf 
Olitr.wr (1833-6). the H.Uical lUiio'ilorg 
(1 Vi.VS). and afterwards the UilJiol'irni S,c,<t 
an. I 77.rr/ /^i(Vii>(184»-52). A •.•le.-iion of 
his sermons, Ui-iuivs, and addresses, with a 
mi-inoir. bv Prof Park, was pub. in 2 vols., 
IJino. Boston 18.53. 

Edwards, Bryan, historian, b. West'mry, 



EDM^ 



297 



EIDTV 



Wilts., En^'., May 21, 1743 ; d. July 15, ISOO. 
He inherited a large fortune in Jamaica, 
liL'came an eminent merchant, and a promi- 
nent member of the colonial assembly ; returned 
to Eng., and in 1796 took his seat lor the 
borough of Grampound, which he represented 
until his diath. Autiior of "Thoughts on 
the Trado of the W'.I. Islands with the U.S.," 
1784 ; " History of the British Colonies in the 
W. Indies," 1793, 2 vols., 4to. A new edition 
of tills work, pub. after his death, in 1801, 3 
vols., 8vo, includes a " History of St. Do- 
mingo." — Sue Life pre/, to Hist. W.I. 

Edwards, Ch.vulks, lawyer in N.Y. 
City. b. Eng., 1797. Author of "Juryman's 
Guide," Svo, ISil ; "Parties to Bills and 
other Pleadings," Svo. 1832; "Feathers from 
My Own Wings," 12.no, 18.33 ; " K •ceivers in 
Chancery," 8vo, 1839. 1946; "Reports of 
Chancery Case.s, 1st Circuit, N.Y, 1831-4.5," 

4 vols., 8vo ; " History and Poetry of Finger- 
Rings," 12mo, I8.i5; " Receivers in Equity," 
1S.57; "Referees," 18G0 ; "Stamp Act of 
1862." 

Edwards, Hkshy W.\(}«A.>f as, LL.D. 

(Y.C. 1833), gov of Ct., b. N. Haven, 1779; 
d. there July 22, 1847. N. J. Cull. 1797. 
Grandson ol Jonathan He studied at the 
Litebf. Law School, and settled in N. Haven. 
Was M.C. 1819-23; U.S. senator in 1823-7; 
State senator, 1828-9 ; in 18'iO. a State repre- 
sentative, and speaker of the house, and gov. 
in 1833, and airain in 1835-8. 

Edwards, loNATii.iS, the greatest of 
American inciaplivsicians, b. E. Windsor, Ct., 

5 Oct 1703; d. PVinceton, N.J., 22 Mar. 1758. 
Y. C. 1720. Timo. his latlier was minister of 
E.W. from Mav, 1694 to his d., 27 Jan. 1758, 
a. 88. H.U. 1691. He began to study Latin 
at 6, and before leaving coll. is said to have 
reasoned out for himself his great doctrine of 
freedom of the will Before he was 20, he 
began preaching to a Prcsb. congregation in 
N. Y. City; was a tutor at Yale in 1724-6; 
then an assist, to his maternal grandfatlier, Mr. 
Stoddard, mii.istcr of Northampton, whom he 
succeeded; ord. 15 Feb. 1727, and soon after 
m. Sarah Pierrepont of N. Haven. Dismissed 
in June, 1750, lor insisting upon a purer and 
higher standard of admission to the commu- 
nion table. While missionary to the Stock- 
bridge Indians in 1751-7, hewroteliis celebrat- 
ed work on '• The Freedom of the Will," pub. 
1754, and unequalled for close aiul subtile rea- 
soning. Made pros, of N.J. Coll. in the latter 
part of 1757, and inaug. 16 Feb. 1758; d. soon 
afterward ot small-pox. While at Stockbridge, 
his sianty means of subsistence were increased 
by a conlrib. from his friends in Scotland, and 
by the industry of his wife and daughters, 
whose delicate handiwork was sent to Boston 
to be sold. He taught the doctrine, that phi- 
] )Sophic neccsity was com;iatihle with freedom 
of the will, rightly defined, and with human 
responsibility, and was intensely attached to 
the system of Calvinism as opposed to th.it of 
Arminiauism. Tall and slender in person, he 
had a high, bro.id. bold forche.id, piercing and 
luminous eyes, and a countenance indicative 
of sincerity and benevolence. He left 5 daugh- 
ters and 3 sous, one of whom was afterward 



pres. of N.J. Coll. His other works are, 
"Treatise Concerning the Religioiif Affec- 
tions," 1746 ; " Inquiry into the Qualifications 
for Full Commnnion in the Church," 1749; 
" Original Sin," 1757 ; " Dissertation concern- 
ing the End for which God created the 
World," 1789; "True Nature of Christian 
Virtue," 1788; " Thoughts on the Revival of 
Religion ; " " History of the Redemption," and 
" Life of David Brainerd." His writings, with 
a Memoir bv Sereno E. Dwight, were pub. 
10 vols., 8VO.N.Y. — 5fe, also, Life of Edwards, 
hi/ S. Hi/iihins, SparL-s's Amer. Biotj., vol. viii., 
and Apph Ion's Ci/d. art., " Edmmls." 

Edwards, Jonath.ix, D.D. (N.J. Coll. 
1785), son of the preceding, and also a theolo- 
gian and metaphvsieian, b. Northampton, Ms., 
May 26, 1745, O.S.; d. Schenectady, N.Y., 
Aug. 1, 1801. N.J. Coll. 1765. At Stock- 
bridge, he became thoroughly learned in the 
Indian language. A few months of his 10th 
year were passed among the Six Nations, learn- 
ing the language, and becoming qualified to be 
a missionary among them ; but the French war 
occasioned iiis return to Stockbridge. Studied 
divinity with Dr. Bellamy; was licensed to 
preach in 1766; in 1767-9 was tutor in N.J. 
Coll., and from 1769 to May 19, 1795, was pas- 
tor of the church in White Haven, Ct. He 
was in 1796 settled as pastor of the church in 
Colebrook, and corresp. extensively with learn- 
ed men both in this counry and Europe. 
From May, 1799. till his death, he was pres. of 
Un. Coll. His complete works, with a memoir 
by his granrlson, Rev. Tryon Edwards, D.D., 
were pub in 2 vols., 1 842. Besides a " Disser- 
tation on T/ilieity and Necessity," and a num- 
ber of occasional sermons, he pub. " Observa- 
tions on the Language of the Stockbridge In- 
dians," sinceedited for the Ms. Hist Soc. Colls, 
bv the philologist Pickering; and edited from 
his father's MS., " The History of Redemp- 
tion," 2 vols, of sermons, and 2 vols, of " Ob- 
servations on Thcol. Subjects" His only son, 
Jox.VTHAN W., a disting lawvcr of Hartford, 
b. N. Haven, Ct , Jan. 5. 1772, d. Harttbrd, 
April 3, 1831. Y. C. 1789. 

Edwards, Jl-stim, D.D. { Y.C.1827). cler- 
gyman, and advocate of temperance, b. West- 
liampton, Ms., Aju'll 25, 1787 ; d. Vir^iinia 
Springs, July 23, 1853. Wms. Coll. 1810; 
And. Sem. l"814. From 1812 to 1827, pastor 
of a Cong, church at Andover; in 1828-9 pas- 
tor of a new church in Boston, but resigned 
from failing health, and becoming sec. of the 
Amer. Temperance Soc., of which he was the 
originator, he devoted 7 years to the cause by 
lectures and aildresses in all parts of the land, 
and by prc])aring temperance documents. In 
1836-42, he presided over the thcol. sem. at 
Andover ; one of the founders of the Tract 
Soc. at Boston in 1814 ; was corresp. sec. ami 
principal manager, until in 1825 it was united 
with that of N.Y, when he was elected a mem 
ber of the pub. committee. Of 4 of his tracts, 
no less tlian 750,000 were printed by the soc. ; 
of his " Sabbath Manual," .535,000 ; of his 
" Temperance Manual," 143,000 ; of tlie "Com- 
ments on the XewTcstament,"more than 70,000 
before his death, the first vol. of the Old Tes- 
tament, Genesis to Job, being then in press. 



niDw 



203 



EULiB 



A Monidir of liis life biiJ Ubors, liy Rev. Dr. 
llall(xk, win |iiili. bv iIk- Tract Siiol in ISJ.J. 

Edwards, Nim.vm. lawvcr and Nialcsinan, 
I). .Moni-om.rv Co, M.I. . '.Mar. 177:.; tl. of 
I'holoni, at liellcvilk-. 111.. July 3U, 1833. Ili« 
education, dircctuil at one time l>y Win. Wirt, 
wat completed at Dick. Coll., I'a. ; and at ilio 
age of 19 lie located lilin^olf in llie Green Kiv- 
erdi*t., Ky. Klecuil to the Ic^isl. ticforo ho 
was 'Jl ; adin. in 1798 to tlie liar of Ky., and 
in I79'J to that of Tcnn , and rose rapidly in 
the professiiin. He wom a;ip in 1803 jndu'i" "f 
the CircnilCouri ; in 1806,of ApjuMls; in 1808, 
cliicf-jiisticeol the .Stale, and in 1809, on tlieor- 
^iini/.Miiuii of the Terr. govt, of I'A., was cov. 
iinillihuuiijanizaiion of the State i;ov[. in 1818. 
In l8IG,wiih Ciov.Clarkand Col. Chouteau, he 
treated with the Indian tribes; in l.-^IS-^l, he 
was U.S. ucniitur, and in 1824 he declined the 
Me.\ican mi«-ion. From 1826 to 1810, he was 
pov. of the State. During the War of 1812, 
hia inea.surcs to prevent and counteract Indian 
hostilities were prompt, vif,'orous, and successful. 

Edwards, Ogdex, jurist, b. Ct. 1781 ; d. 
Staten Maud. Apr. 1,181)2. Grandson of Jona- 
than, and sun of I'ierrcpout. lie went to N.Y. 
nb. 1 800 ; practised law ; was surrogate for some 
years ; a meiulier of the Slate legisl., and of 
the conv. of 1821, in which he bore a disiing. 
part, lie then bi-eame Circuit Judge 1st judi- 
cial dist, which |>ost bo filled until CU years of 
age. 

Edwards, Pii;nRBPOXT, judge. Son of 
the ini'Iaphvsician, h. Norihampton, Ms., Apr. 
8. 17.")0; if. IJrid-cport, Cl., Apr. 14, 1826. 
Princeton C II. 1768. His father being a mis- 
sionary to ilic .Siockbridge Indians, his youth 
was passed among ihcin ; and he acquired their 
language perfectly He eoinmcneal the prac- 
tice of law in N. Haven, 1771 ; took an early 
and etlicieni part in the councils of Ct.. in fa- 
vor of Iiide[)endcnee ; served in the Rcvol. 
army, and wa-; in two lianl-fought battles, in- 
cluding that of Danbury. Member of the Old 
Congress, 1 787-8, and an able advocate for the 
Constitution of the U.S., in the convention 
held to ratify it. Judge U.S. dist. court of 
Ct., at the time of his death. He was the 
founder of the " Toleration party " in Ct., and, 
by bis ability and |)ersevcrance. drew upon him- 
self the animo^itv of the Calvinists. First (!rand 
Master i.f .Masons in Ct. Father of II. W. 
and ()::.lcn r,.lward.s. 

Edwards, Tnvox, D.D , clergyman and 
nntlior. tirandson of the 2d Pres. Kdwanis 
1. Ilartfnid, Ct., Aug. 7, 1809. Y.C. 1828. 
He settled in the ministry at Hochcster, N.Y., 
in I8;i4. ami in N. London in 1845. Ho has 
pub. " Cliri.»iianity li Philosophy of Princi- 
ples," a ineiiMiir of the 2d Pres. Kdwarda, pub. 
with his cciniph-tc works, 1842 ; " Self-Cultiva- 
tion," 184 I, ami a memoir of Dr. Bellamy, 
pub. with bis works, 18.')0. He has edited the 
works of Pri's. ICiltvanls (2d) ; a vol. from the 
MSS. of Pres. Kdwar.ls (1st), entitled " Char- 
ity and its Kruits;" •• Select Poetry for Chil- 
dren and Youth," 1851 ; " Jewels for the House- 
hold." I8.-.2; "The World's Ueonics," I8.>2, 
ami " Woutlers of the World," 18M. Several 
of these have Ihvii n-pub. in Kng. He olited 
for many years the I'limilj ChriniiiH Almamic. 



Edwin, Davik, engraver, b. Bath, Eng, 
Dee. 1776; d. Phila., Feb. 22, 1841. Son ol 
John, the celebrated eoinic actor, who apprvn- 
ticed him to an engraver, but joining on Anicr. 
ship, before the mast, arrived in Phila. in Dec. 
1797. He was employed by Edward Savage, 
the {Hiinter, and soon IxK-anio the most eminent 
artist in the country, his reputation securing 
for him nearly nil the iiortrait-engrnving of the 
time. After 20 years application to his craft, 
his sight failed, and hewn-, compelled to resort 
to various methods for ohiuining a livelihood; 
being at one time assist, to an auctioneer, then 
a..sist. treasurer at Warren's Theatre, ami »ul>- 
sequentlv kept a grocery. H- possessed tasto 
and skill as a mnsiiian. — .S/w/isun 

Egede (Og'-eh-deh). Hiss, Danish mission- 
ary, b. Norway. Jan. 31, 1686; d. Isle of Fal- 
ster, Nov. 5, 1758. In .May, 1721, he went to 
Greenland to convert the inhabiiaiits. He re- 
sided there IS years, laid a succesBtuI fouiidit- 
tion for the further propagation of Chri<tiani- 
ty,and successful and im|>ortunt rommercial 
relations. He pub. a iKiuk on tlie to|Ki,:rapliy 
and natural hi>iory of Greenland, in Danish, 
in 1729, afterwards translated into French, 
Dutch, and English. 

Egede, P.iul, bis son. b near Oronthcim, 
170-t ; d. June 3, 1789. Ho assisted his father 
in the mission from the age of 12, and became, 
in 1741. bishop of Greenland. He translated 
" The Imitation of Christ," ond portious of 
the Bible, into the language of Greenland, and, 
at his departure, left the colony in a highly 
pro-|)eroiis state. He ivas aiierwanl active in 
forwarding the exploring mission of Lovcnon 
to the loasis of Grcenlanil. and, at the time of 
his death, occii;)icd a chair of theology in t!io 
U. of C'o|KMihagin. He pub. a new ediiion of 
his father's work, and a journal of his resi- 
dence in Grvenliind. Iroiii 1721 to 1728. 

EgglestOQ, .M.u. JosEfit. iiiieof the most 
eflicient cavalrv otfiecrs of the Uevol. M.C. 
fro.n 1798 to I SOI ; b. Amelia I'o., Va., Nov. 
24. I75;l; d. there Feb. 13, 1811. Win. and 
Mary Coll. 1776. He scrvol under Col. Henry 
Lee and Gixscnc; was in the batilcsof Guillbril 
and Kutaw, and was some yciu^ member of the 
Va. assembly. 

Ehninger, John Wubttox, artist, b. 

N.Y., .Inly 22, 1827. Col. Coll. 1847. He 
studied bis art in Euru|>e; was a pupil of 
Coiitnre in Paris in 1848-9; and in lSJI-3 
visited Dussehlorf and the chief capitals of the 
Coniinent. His first oil p.iintiiig, " Peter 
Stuyvesaut " (18J0), was engraved by llio 
Amer. Art Union, .\inong his best works 
since are " Love me. Love my Uorse," " The 
Sword," " The Foray," " Liidy Jane Grey," 
and .lr» Cilnre Annn. He has' also produced 
some excellent etchings and drawings in 
outline. |>eucil, and India ink. A seriei of 
the former illustrated llo<.d's "Bridge of 
Sighs" In 1849 and in 1850. sulnects from 
Iniug's story of " Dolph Hevliger. Among 
his works are "Christ Healing the Sick," a 
peoeil-drawing exccniisl in 1857, and a set of 
8 illustration" of Ixingfellow's " .Milea San- 
dish" Mr. E. has devoted much time to per- 
fei'ling a system of photographic cieliing. 
Elbert, S.vmuel, gen. Itevol. army, b. Pr. 



EUD 



299 



ELI 



Wm. Parish, S.C..1740; d. Savannah Ga 
Nov •> 1788. Left an orphan at an eail> a-e, 

he won't to Savannah. ^'^^"^^^'^'"^1^7^: 
c^r,, .,( II i'ivn;iil er companv there m dune, 

???0 :i^nrlnMaV,^77;:::nexped£.in. 

the British in E.Fla ; <=''l'W'-;'if ^'j^lVfh; 
thorpe at Frederica, Apr. 19, 1;.8 wuh tne 
BrU Ih vessels anchored there ; actively en-a-ed 
^"tttyear in the vicinity of Savannah a,,d 
hehiived waUantlv at lis attaek by Col- <-' "P" 
P 1 Dec "0 1778. He disiinj;. himself m 
hiaaio'rat Biicr Creek, where he com. a 
br^ade nder A,,he. Mar. 3, 1779, and wa. 
n.i;fe prisoner. After his exchange, he joined 
Uie aimv under Wa.hin,.ton; «f ^f^ ' ,'^^'^' 
tbc surrender of Cornwal is, and made brcv. 
brig.-gen. Nov. .3. 1783. Gov. of G.. in 1-8. 
and am..j.-Ken. of militia at his death. -//'»(■ 
''ewS'wilu.m, M.D ofPhila.,b. 
Somc-rs^t Pa., 1809. Autliorof " I'eriscopies, 
a ™o miscellanies, limo, 1854 ; anew ed. 
cnitlcJ "The Enchanted Beauty," :imo, 
N.Y, IP55; "Life of Dr. E. K. Kane." 8vo, 

Canlda l843-.->+, b. 18:1; d io Nov. 1803. 
Edue t'd at Oxford; M. P. 1811 ; »"eceeded 
ro the i e on the dea'th of Ills father ... Noy^ 
184 Gov. of Jamaica, 1812-6. "« ««*7« 
oft e ablest of Cana.lian covs. Ambassador 
t! China, and afterward to Japan, l.^onclmed 
treaiies with both, the latter beann^' da^e An^. 
26 18.->S. l'ostinaster.--cn. ot Lii','., 1S.'J f". 
a Ai,. -..nbassador to China in 1860 ; gov.-gcn. 
of Imiiallrom 1860 to his death. Created a 

'"EUot;A.i>u.w,D.D.(U.ofEdinbl767), 

r'tri^^ru:'i7?r^?>ei;:^ie^,p 

!; -Imv,, t of Boston. Ord. jiastor o( the New 
Sor C lueh a .^11. with ilr. Welib. .\pr. 14, 
K4 o V Lined there till his.leath. l)nn,.gt!ie 
occunancv of li.e .own by tlie Bnt.sh, he al- 
?evia?ed the sufferings of the inhabitants, and 
mini tered to his si?k a.id wounded cou.itry- 
mini»u.rci I ^^ htcraiure 

riSend a benefactor of IIU. Author 
of a^umbeVof sermons, and in 1768 sent to a 
Wenir Eng. an account of the effects of the 
dispute between Great Britain and Amer.ca 
El'^ e?l ores, of II.U., such was h.s attachment 
W hi" people, that he declined the honor. An 
8vo vo . of bis sermons was pub in 17.4 

EUOt. JaRED, divine, physician andscd.ol- 
ar b Nov. 7, lG8i ; d. KiUingwor.h, Ct. Apr. 
M 176! V.C. 1706. GramUon of the 
AnosVle Eliot. From Oct. 26. 1709 to h.s 
tea"h he was minister to the First Church m 
K-^ iugwora., Ct. He was one of the most 
useful men of his time. He was a good 
Tr-Khera physician of ™-h re,.ute and ex- 

i;:;;'rEncoura,en.ntofAr.^Un^a^ 

j::;f"z:::st.:^d;^r;;;i:l::ducithe white 



mnlberry-tree into Ct., and with |t »'>« ^'Ik- 
worm and pul>. a treatise upon the subject. 
Such was his success in the treatment ot in- 
sanitv and chronic conM^laints. that he was 

sometimes sent for to >>'-'*P"",''r,b^n aT^ 
and WIS more extensively consulted I lan any 

m&.ician iuN.E. H-'- P"'-.- '' 1^ 'jf^f- 
supported by Reason a.id Revela .on, __1/3d, 
'• Sirnion on the Taking of Louisi.u.g 1 -4d. 
Eliot, John, minister o ""''"""■y- »l;-' 
" the Apostle to the Indians," b Nas.ng, Essex, 
En^ 1603 ; d. May 20, 1690. Educated at the 
U. of Camb. Alter pursuing the occupatio., 
of a teacher, came to Boston 2 .^'"'^ If ; 
He became minister of the cliurch in Roxn , 
Nov 5 1632, and soon conceived a stioiig 
mission' for Cli.i»tiani/.ing and improving the 
C lition of the Indians, of whom th.^e were 
nearly 20trilies, within the limits oltlie Eiig ^h 
plantations. Having acquired t lieir langi. ge 
he pub. a grammar, and a transl. ol 1'^ Bildo 
i„ i't (166.31 ; and the merit is claims for 1 im 
of having (Oct. 28, 1646) l«^;;"/'« '^';,'.„t "n 

w:.tuto.^^harles River, called Nat.ck,a,id 

the first Indian cl"»'=>l «*'"!'''* ^'';f'''\|'^ 
1G60. His humane efforts in behalf of the 
pray 1." Indians, menaced with destruction 
Sn^ig'Pbilip'swar in 1675 by ■!>« .«f *P?j' ■' «;^ 
settlers are wor.bv of cs,«!cial praise. He left 
four soi'is, educated at H.U., classed with ' Ou= 
best preachers of their Sen-^™"""--,,.! "'tIi; 
several letters in a work en itled Ihe 
Go.™ us Progress of the Gospel among the 

conju.ictio,i with Mr. M«>''<=^Vm Pr;..i4 
Late and Further Manifestation of t^ie P.og'^ss 
of the Gospel among the I.ul.ans, in 6d8 
"Of the Gospel among the Indians, m 16.9 
"A Brief Narrative of the Progress of he 
Gosocd " 1670 ; " The Logic Pr.iner for the 
Use"^^' Indians." 1672; " The Ps..l,«s," trans- 
1 1 ed into Iiidi in metre, and a " Catechism, 
ilmex"" to the edition "f the New Testatnen , 
in 1680; a transl.it.on of " Ihe 1 raciice ot^ 
Piety," of " Baxter-. Call to tl'e Unconye t^d 
andof several of Shepards works _ J}^,^^^^ 

motiy of the Gospels in l•'°^.l^•>^,,,.l''' k ' ., es 
"The Divine Management ot Gospel Cburclies 
by the Ordinance of Councils, designed tor 

t^e Reconcliation of the P-^''y''='-:""t„rto 
r..n„r..,r..rirmalists. Nine of his letters to 
Sir Uobm BoTle are included in the third, and 
his account of Indian churches in the tenth 
volume of the Hist. Colls. In 1 6^9. ^« -^ «^ 
iu compiling a new version of the Psalms, k. o« n 
a "Tie Old Bay Psalm Book." In 1660 
he issued a tract essaying to prove tlia the 
Indians are descendants of the Jews. Hutch- 
inso in his " Hist, of Ms.," relates, that, in 
rd'the gov. and council of M^- ,r°"°X^ 

^;;o:^1^1u;^~ -i^o- - ^ 

^"i;ii^i.;^:^"i^.D''iKdXw;7r^hiister 

of Bu^olib Boston, May 31, 1754; d. there 
Feb itlSK!. H.U.1772. Ord. pastor oie 
New North Church, as successor « / ,^ •»^^- 
Nov 3 1779, and remained ihere till h.:.rtL..tn. 
wTli. his friend Jeremy Belknap, he fou.ided 



•ir.T.T 



eoo 



KLL 



the Hist. Soc. of Ma., coniributiii); inori' thnn 
liny utliiT pcraun to iu colli., anO lo iti library 
of rare books. He ilcvoicd mucli time niid 
liilKir to bio^. mid lii.<l. rcsenrclius. Meinlier 
of ilic Am Aciiil. of Arts niiil 8civiiuv!i. Ho 
was ilie author of a " Nuw-KnylaiKl Bio:;rH|ih- 
ieal Dictionary." 8vo, ISO'J; "An Aueount 
of Burials in IJoston," " Uesiriiition of New 
Bcilford," •• Xolifu of W. \Vbiltint;ham, and 
Narrative of News(ia|)ent ; " "Sketch of Dr. 
Belknap, " " EcclcsiiLstical Hist, of Ms. and 
Plyinoiiili," •' Account of John Eliot," 
" Accouut of Marblclicuil," " Memoirs of Dr. 
Thutclier," and •' Memoirs of A. Eliot, and 
T. IVmLerton," in llie Hist. Colls. 

Eliot, Samuel, LL.D. (Col. Coll. 18M), 
nuilior. U. Boston, Dec. 2J, 1821. H U. 1M9, 
with the hi:;lie3l honors. Grandson of Samuel, 
who toundeil the Eliot professorship at H.U. 
He spent 2 years in aeounting-room in Boston, 
and 4 years in forci;;ii travel. In 1845, at 
Rome, ho formed the plan of his " History of 
Liberty," two parts of which have apfieured, 
Boston, 1 S'>3. I'art i., " The Ancient Romans," 
and two vols, relating to "The Early Chris- 
tians." I8J8. En),'a;;in^ in the business of 
practical teachin;;, besides private pupils, he 
t;ave ;,'ratuiious instruction to ela>ses ol yoiin^' 
workin;:-men, an<l organized a charity school 
for va;:raiii ciiildrcn. He puli. in l85ti"A 
Manual of L'. S. History, 1492-I8.i6;" " Life 
anil Times of Savonarola." He isen^agcd upon 
a third part of his" History of Liberty," tn-at- 
in^ the papal aj^-s. Mr. Eliot has contrili. 
to perioilical liier.iture. Prof of history and 
political science in Trinity Coll., Hartford, 
and iiics. 1 8t;o-4. 

£jliOt, SvMtTKL Atkins, merchant, b. 
Bost..u, .Mar. 5, 17U8; d. Caniluid;;c, J.in. 2'J, 
18o2. H. U. ISI7. Samuel, his father, a 
wealths meichant, and benefactor of H.U., d. 
Jan. 18, 1820, a. 81. Mayor of Boston, 1837- 
9 ; rep. and senator in the Stale lejjisl. for 
three or four vears, anil M.C. 18.^0-1. Father 
ol Clias. \Vm'. pn>s. of H. U. since 1869. 

Eliot, TiioMAS D., lawyer and M.C. (I8.">4- 
5. aixl l8.')9-70). 1). Boston, 20 Mar. 1808; d. 
X. Bedford, 12 June. 1870. Col. Coll. (D.C.), 
182.'). He studied law in the ofHccof his uncle, 
Juil]^e Win. Crancli, and liecame emiucni in 
ilie profession in X. Bedford. Member of the 
house and senate of .Ms., and prominent in the 
Freesoil conv. at Worcester in 18J5. In Con- 
gress, he look an active part in the le]u;islation 
for the protection and welfare of the colored 
race. 

EUery, Fbank, commo. U.S.N., b. R.l. 
Midsliipm. Jan. I, 1812; lieiii. .Mar. 28, 1820; 
conimo. July 16, 1862; retired 1840. Served in 
frigate " I'resident " in all her crui.ses, and 
wounilcd in the action with " The Belviderc ; " 
received a sword for his services on Lake 
Champlain ; in " The Constellation " in Mcdit. 
1815, at capture of an Ali;erine fri;;alc and a 
Turkish fla;:sliip: operated a;:ainst the patriots 
It Aiueli.i Island, I'la., cnpiuring a patriot 
privateer anil her prize ; com. steamer " Enter- 
prise " in 1840. — /l,tuicr.-Ii/. 

Ellery, Wi lli am, si^ncrof the Declaration 
of Ind' pendence, and also of the Articles of 
(.'oulederaliun, b. Xewjwri, R.I., Dec. 22, 1727 ; 



d. there Feb. 15, 1820. H U. 1747. Son of 
Lieut. -Gov. E. For some years after his mar- 
ria;,'c in 1750, he wiu cn^ta^ed in inereantila 
pursuits in Newport ; was iM^mc time naval 
ollicer of U. I., ami in 1770. afier 2 vears' ser- 
vice as clerk of a court, commenced the proi'tice 
of law at Newport, attuinini; hi:;li reputation 
for ability and inie;;ritv. He took an early and 
active part in assertin;; and cxiilainiii); the 
political rii;hts of the colonies. From May, 
1776, to 1785, with the exception of 1780 aiid 
1782, he was a dele;; to Congress, actiii); on 
many important committees relating to the 
linances and to diplomacy. As a meinlierof the 
marine eoiumillec, and sul>se<|ueiitlyol the board 
of adiniraliy, he was eminently serviceable; 
and the plan of 5 ships to lie fitteil out at 
New|iort has been alliibuted to liim. He suf- 
fered Kfeat loss of property duriii;; the British 
occupancy of R.I in 1777-8. App commisi. 
of loans in Apr. 1786. Cho.scn chiefjastiee 
of the Sup. Court of R.I., he niarle strenuous 
elForts, in conjunction with RufusKin^ofN.Y., 
for the aliolition of slavery in the U.S. He 
was coll. of the revenue at Newport from 1790 
till his death. An interesting memoir, by hii 
Kranilson, Prof Clianning, is in S|Hirks'a 
" Am. Bio;;raphy," vol. vi. 

Ellet, CiiAiiLES, Jan., engineer, b. Pa. 
Manor, on the Delaware. Pa., Jan. 1, 1810 ; d. 
Cairo, III, June 21, 1862. He planned and 
built the first wire suspension-brid.'e in the 
U.S., — that across the Schuylkill at Fairmonnt. 
Designed and built that across the Niagara 
River, below the Falls, and also the first one 
at Wheeling, Va. For the Va Central Rail- 
road, he constnicteil a remarkahle temporary 
track, l&idingover the Blue Riilgc ; and he im- 
proved the navigation of the Kanawha River, 
lie was employc'd on the Baltimore and Ohio, 
the Reading and other Railroads, and was prrs. 
of the .Schuylkill Navigation Co. in I84&-7. 
On the breaking-out of the civil war, he turned 
his attention to the use of steam-vessels as 
rams. Having projected a plan for cutting off 
the confeil. army at Manassas, ami communi- 
cated it to Gen. McClellan, by whom it was 
rujccted, he suhseipiently wrote two pamphlets, 
Severely censuring that gcnemrs mode of con- 
ducting the wor. The navy dept. having de- 
clined to construct rams for .service on the 
Mpi.. according to his plan, he ap|died to Mr. 
Stanton, sec of war, by whom it was adoptcil. 
Made col. of engini-ers. he soon converted into 
rams 10 or 12 powerful steamers, with which 
he rendeml great assistance in the naval battle 
of Memphis, June 4. where he sunk and dis- 
abled several of the enemy's vessels, and was 
struck by a musket-ball above the knee, from 
the effects of which he d. He wrote " An Es- 
say on the Laws of Trade," 18.'i9 ; a paper on 
the " Physical Geography of the Mpi. V allcv, 
with Sugtestions as lo the Improreinent of tfic 
Navigation of ilie Ohio, and oihcr Rivers," in 
"Smithsonian Transactions," 1851; "The .Mis- 
si-sippi and Ohio Rivers, containing Plans for 
the Protection of the Delta from Inundation," 
8vo, Phila., 185.1 ; a pamphlet on "Coast and 
Harlior Delences, or the Substiluiion of Steam 
Baiterini:-Iiums for Ships of War," Phila., 
18J5,and many other scientific pujiers. His bra 



^TJH. 



SOI 



ELL 



Alfked W. Ellet, who held a commission 
under him as lieut.-col. in the same fleet, was 
app. briu'.-rjen. of vols., Kov. 1, 1862. 

Ellet, Coi.. Ch.vrles Rivers, son of Coh 
Charles, li. IMiila., 1841 ; d. Bunker's Hill, 111., 
Oct. 2S, 186.3. He received a thuroii>;h educa- 
tion. When the war broke out, he became as- 
sist, snrgcon in a military hospital. Heaccomp. 
his father westward in the spring of 1862, and 
com. one of the rams in the action at Memphis, 
in which the father received a fatal wound. 
After his death, he became col. in the marine 
brigaile of his uncle. Gen. Alfred W. Ellct, and 
soon after com. the brigade. With the ram 
"Queen of the West" as his headquarters, he 
made many daring e.xpeds. on the Mpi. Feb. 
10, 18G'J, in an exped. up the Red River, he 
captured the confederate steamer "Era," No. a, 
and other vessels ; but, getting aground, his 
vessel fell into the hands of the enemy, Ellet 
making his escape upon a bale of cotton. 
Puring anil after the siege of Vicksburg, he 
rendered valuable assistance to Gen. Grant in 
keeping open his communications; hut, in the 
course of this duty, he contracted the disease 
wliicli jiroved fatal to him shortly after. 

miet, Elizabeth Fries, authoress, wife of 
Wm. H., b. Sodus Point ou Lake Ontario, 
N.Y., Oct. 1818. The dau. of Dr. Wm. A. 
Luramis. She was educated at the female 
scm. at Aurora, Cayuga Co., N.Y. ; m. Wm 
H. Ellet at an early a^'C, accomp. her hus- 
band to S. C, and returned to N. Y. in 1848. 
She i>ub. a vol. of poems in IS-IS.i ; " Sienes in 
the Life of Joanna of Sicily," 1840; " Char- 
actersof Schiller," 1841, and "Country Ram- 
bles," and contrib. articles on French and Ital- 
ian poetry and literature to several quarterly 
reviews. In 1848, she pub. in 3 vols., 12nio, 
" Women of the Amer. Revolution," one of 
her most po|)ular works, flie materials for 
which were derived from original sources. She 
has also pub. " Evenings at Woodlawn," 
" Family Pictures from the Bible," 1840 ; 
"Domestic History of the Amer. Revolution," 
18.50; "Watching Spirits," 18.51; "Pioneer 
Women of the West," 18.52; " Novellettes of 
the Musicians," 1852 ; " Summer Rambles In 
the West," 1 SS.T ; " Queens of Amer. Society," 
1865: she also edited "The Practical House- 
keeper." She is preparing a dictionary of fe- 
male painters and sculptors. 

Ellet, WiLLi.vM Henry, M.D., chemist, 
b. N.Y. City, ab. 1804; d. there Jan. 26, 1859. 
Col. Coll. 1824. While studying medicine, he 
gained a gold medal for a dissertation on the 
compounds of cyanogen. He was prof, of 
e.xperim. chemistry in Col. Coll. from 18-32 to 
18.35, and of chemistry, mineralogy, and geol- 
ogy, in the S.C. Coll., in 1835-48. The legisl. 
of S.C. presented him with a service of silver 
plate for the discovery of a new and cheap 
method of preparing gun-cotton. During the 
last 5 years of his life, he was consulting 
chemist of the Manhattan Gas Co. of N.Y. 
Elizabeth F. was his wife. 

ElliCOtt, Andrew, astronomer and civil 
engineer, b. Bucks Co., Pa., Jan. 24, 1754 ; d. 
West Point, N.Y., Aug. 29, 1820. His father 
and uncle united in purchasing a large tract 
of wild land ou the Patapsco River, in 1770, 



and in 1774 founded the town of Lllicotti 
Mills, Md. His scientific aftaiiiinents eariv 
attracted attention ; and he enjoyed the friend- 
ship of Washington , FrankI in, and Ri i tenhouse. 
He was at various times commis. tor marking 
parts of the boundaries of Va., Pa, and N.Y. 
Ab. 1785, he removed to Baltimore, which he 
represented in the State legisl. In 1789, he was 
selected by Washington to survey the land ly- 
ing between Pa. and Lake Erie, and during that 
year nuadc the first accurate measurement of 
the Niagara River, from Lake to Lake. In 
1790. he was employed by the govt, to survev 
and lay out the city of Washington. He was 
made surv.-gen. of the U.S. in 1792, supt. the 
construction of Fort Erie at Prcsque Isle in 

1795, and was employed in laying out the 
towns of Erie, Warren, and Franklin. lu 

1796, he was app. by Washington commission, 
on behalf of the U.S., under the treaty of San 
Lorenzo, to determine the southern boundary 
separating the U. S. Territory from that of 
Spain. The results of this service of nearly 
5 years appear in his " Journal," 4to, Phila', 
1803. Until 1808, he was sec. of the Pa. land- 
office, and from 1 Sept. 1813, till his death, he 
was prof of math, and civil engineering at 
West Point. In 1817, by order of govt , he 
went to Montreal to make astron. olis. for car- 
rying out some of the articles of the treaty of 
Ghent. He was an active member and useful 
officer of the Amer. Philos. Soc, to whose 
"Transactions" he was a contrib. Joseph 
his bro., also a math, and surveyor, d. Batavia, 
N.Y. 1826. — Appleton. 

Elliott, Charles, D. D. (Wesl. U. 
1840), LL.n. (All. Coll. 1858). Methodist 
divine, b. Killybegs, Ireland, May 6, 1792; 
d. Mount Pleasant, Iowa, Jan. 6, 1869. He 
studied at Dublin; emig. to Amer. in 1814, 
and was received into the travelling connec- 
tion of the Ohio conference in 1818. In 
1822, he was supt. of the Wyandotte Mis- 
sion, Upper Sandusky ; was subsequently, for 
5 years, pres. elder of the Ohio distriit, and 
was in 1827-31 prof, of languages in Madison 
Coll., Uniontown, Pa. Stationed at Pittsburg 
in 1831, he was subsequently pres. elder of that 
dist. ; edited the Pithlurg Cotiference Journal, 
and afterwards edited the Western Christian 
Advocate at Cincinnati, where he remained un- 
til 1848. Resuming his retiular clerical labor, 
he was in 1852 re-elected editor of the Aih-omte 
f'oi- 4 years. Pres. la. Wesl. U., 1 856-60 and 
1864-7. His publications are, " A Treatise on 
Baptism," 1834; "Life of Bishop Roberts," 
1853; "Delineation of Roman Catholicism," 
1851; " Historv of the Great Secession from 
the M. E. Church," 8vo, 1855 ; " Political Ro- 
manism," " Reminiscences of the Wyandotte 
Mission," and a" History of the M.E. Church 
in the South and West, from 1844 to 1866," 
1868. 

Elliott, Charles Loring, portrait paint- 
er, b. Scipio, N.Y., Dec. 1812; d. Albany, 
Aug. 25, 1868. Placed in a country-store at 
Syracuse, he devoted all his leisure-time to his 
favorite pursuits of drawing and painting; 
went to New York ah. 18.34, and became a pu- 
pil of Trumbull and then of Quidor. He first 
attempted portraits without success ; but some 



mu^ 



302 



KXX. 



uil-pninrinKt hy him, rcprcucntinR scenes from 
IrriM;:'^iinil l'iiiililiiii;'» works, attrncled nuti<'C. 
After |iriu'ti!iiii|; |>orir<iii-|miiitinK for 10 years 
ill the western |mrt of llio State, he returned to 
N.Y.C'iiy,an<lc:>uhli>heil hiinsrlfthen;. Many 
(if his worko are rvinarkalile toi the liilelity oi" 
the likencHS anil vi^'oroUM euloriiii;' In 1846, he 
heeame a member of the Nau Aead.of Design. 
Ainoiij^ his hem iiorlruita arc those of Fleteher 
Harper, J. K. Cooper, Cliurch and Uunind, 
the artists, (io»-. Morgan, and Col. Coll. 

£!lliott, CiiAULi;!* WvLLVS, ouilior, b. 
ttnilfonl, Ct., Mav 27, IS17 ; 5lh in lineal de- 
fcceiit from the " Apostle " Eliot. After some 
years of inereantile life in N.Y. City, he in 
18.38-9 studied hoitieulturc and lamlseape- 
pii'denin;; with A. J. Downing, ut Newbnr'rh, 
ami from 1840 to 1848 prnetised these pursuits 
al Cincinnati. Siiiee 1850, he has reside<l in 
N.Y. He was one of the founders and first 
trustees of the " Children's Aid SiK'iety" in 
18^.1. In 1857, he was app. one of the eom- 
inis. for laying out the N.Y. Central Park. 
He has pub. " Mysteries, or Glimpses of the 
Supernatural," an atU'inpt to refute Spiritual- 
ism, 12nio, 18.54 ; "St. Domingo, its Revolution 
and its Hero, Toussaint L'Ouvertnre," liino, 
1855; " The Newl'.ngland History, from the 
Diseoverv of the Cmiiineiit bv the Northmen, 
A.D. 9S6 to 1776," 2 vols., 8vo, 1857 ; " Cot- 
la-es and Cottage Life," 8vo, 1848. 

Elliott, .Iv-MiiS, M.C. from Vt., 180.3-9, b. 
17T5; il, Niwluiie, Vi., 10 Nov. I8.19. Ho 
wa-s sclf-iaii;:lit ; served under Gen. Wayne in 
the North wcstLTii eampaigns of 179.3-6, as a 
noii-eoinniissiuried officer ; wiu a clerk in a 
eouutry-store at Guilford, Vt., and, while pre- 
paring for the bar, wrote in verse and ])rosc for 
the (jmii/ii:ltl Gairll'\ Dennie's Fanner's Mu- 
seum, ami other papers. He resided a short 
time in I'hila., where be edited the Freeiiiaii'a 
Joiinial. lieturning to BnittlelMiro', Vt.» he 
established himself in the practice of law, and 
held several iiii|Kirtant Stale oflices. He jiub. 
at Greenfield, Ms., in 1796, a vol. of poetry 
and prose. Sami;kl, a younger bro., was also 
a writer, and a luaclitioner at the Brattleboro' 
bar. — See limkimihuin's Ilemiiiisreners, ii. 

Elliott, .Iksse Dl-xcas, commodore U. S. 
N., b. M(l , July 14, 1782; d. Philu., Dec. 10, 
l.'<45. liduiated at Carlisle, Pa., and studied 
law. Midshipm. Apr. 1804; lieut. Apr. 23, 
1810; master, Julv 24, 1813; capt. March 27, 
1818. He served in " The Kssex," Capt. Bar- 
ran, during the Tripolitan war, and in that 
of 1812-15, served on the lakes, under Chaun- 
ccy and Perry. Oit. 8, 1812, a boat exped. 
was organized under his com. on Lake l.rie, 
for the capture of the British brigs " Detroit " 
and " Caledniiia." They were boarded and 
captured with slight loss. Kor this exploit, he 
was presentcil bv Coii;;re»9 with a sword. In 
the attack upon' York, U.C , July 24. 1813, ho 
com. " The .Madison," and was highly com- 
mended. Ill Perry's famous victory on Lake 
KricScpI. 1 1), 1 8 1 3,'Elliott com." The' Niagara," 
20 gnus, and fur his conduct received a gold 
medal from Congress. A court-martial, aiip. 
at his request in consequence of insinuntions to 
his dispaniffcment, pronounced him " a bnivc 
ind skilful ofljcer." lie succeeded Perry in 



the com. on Lake Erie, in Oct. 1RI3 ; joined 
Decatur's Mediterranean sipiailron, in the sloop 
"Ontario," early in 1815; from 1817 to 1824 
was a commiss. to select sites for dockyards, 
light-hou.ses, and fortifications for the coaiit of 
N.C. ; coin, the \V. Iiiilia squad., in 1829-32; 
in 18,33 took charge of the Charlestown Xavy- 
Yard, and afterward, in " The Constitution," 
cruised sevenil years in the Meilitcrrani'an. On 
his return, he was conrt-inartialle<l, and snt- 
pended four vcars. A part of this sentence was 
remitted, and in 1844 he was ajip. to the Phila. 
Navy. Yard. He was, though a man of kind 
feelings.a ri;;id discipliiiariuii. A " blov'raiihi -nl 
notice " of him, " by a citizen of New \ork," 
was pub. Phila., 12ino, I8'lj. 

Elliott, Jonathan, publicist, b. near Car- 
lisle, Kng., 1784; d. Washington, March 12, 
1846. Eniig. to NY. ab. 1.-02. He was a 
printer, when in 1810 he vol. to assist in 
the establishuient of the indepembnee of New 
Granada, ami was in several engagements un- 
der Bolivar, in one ol which he was severely 
wounded. He was taken prisoner nt the sur- 
render of Gen. Mirnnila, in 1812, and suffered 
many hardships, but ri'tnrned to the U.S. in 
1813. and served in the Amer. armv in the War 
of 1812-15. In 1814, he located himself in 
Washington, and etiited with ability, during 13 
years, the Wu^liimiion Giizrlle Author of "The 
American Diplomatic Code," 1827 ; " Debates 
on the Adoption of the Constitiitiim," 1 827-30; 
" Funding System of the U.S.," " .Sialisiies of 
the U. .S.," &e. ; " The Comparative Tar- 
iffs," " Sketches of the District of Columbia," 
1830. He also edited the " Mailison Papers," 
8vo. 1 845. 

Elliott, Sti;phen,LL.D.(Y^.C. 1819), liot- 
anist. b. Ikaufort, S.C, Nov. 11, 1771; d. 
Charleston, Mar^h 28, 18.30. Y. C. 1791. Ho 
applied himself to the improvement of his es- 
tate and the cultivation of letters ; was chosen 
to the legisl. ut 22, continuing to serve until he 
became pres. of the Stale Bank, established in 
1812. In 1813, he f(uindeil the Literarv and 
Philosoph. Soe. of S.C, delivering in 1S14 the 
first annual address, and 8ubse<piently a course 
of lectures on botany. Chief editor of the 
Soutlirm lievlrw. He pub. " Botany of S.C. 
and Georgia." 2 vols., 1821-4; was jircs. of 
several literary and scientific societies, and 
prof of natural history and l>otany in the State 
Med. Coll., which he was instrumental in es- 
tablishing in 1825. 

Elliott, Stei'Hex, D.D.. Pr.-Ep. bi-hop of 
Ga., son of the prc<'cding. b. Beaufort, S.C, 
Nov. 13, 1805; d. Savannah, Dec. 21. 1866. 
Col. Coll , S.C. 1825 ; H.U. 1824. He prac- 
tised law in Charleston and Beaufort until 
18.33 ; was ord. deacon in 18,35 ; priest. Julv 22, 
1S.38; nndconsec bishop, Feb. 28, 1841. !<oon 
after he iK-cumc a priest, he was made prof, of 
sacred literature in the S. C. Coll. 

EUiott, SrEPiiEN, Jcs., brig.gcn. CS..\., 
b. Beaufort. S.C, 18-32; d. Aiken, S C, 21 
Mar. 1866. In 1861, he raised and equipped 
the Beaufort Artillery ; at Pinckney Island, 
Aug. 1862, he coin. 3 batteries, and was pro- 
moted for gallantry ; com. Fort Sninti« during 
its lone bomb., and in July, 1864. was woiindcil 
by the c.\plosiuii of a mine uiidir h>s qurriers. 



Erii 



303 



EI^Ij 



Slliot, WASniNGToy L., hrev. maj.-KCn. 
U S.A , I). Pa.; app. 2il lieut. monntcil rifles, 
M ly 27, 1S46 ; 1st lient. July, 18+7 ; eapt. July, 
1S54 ; maj. l>t cav. Feb. 1862 ; licut.-col. Aiij,'. 
31, 1866. He disting. himself in conflicts with 
the Navajoes in New Mexico, Sept. 1858; 
brig.-gen. vols. June 11, 1862; engaged at 
Sprin^'field and Wilson's Creek ; col. 2d Iowa 
cav. Sept. 1861 ; com. cav. brigade at New Ma- 
drid, Inland No. 10, Corinth, and raid on Ohio 
and Miss. K. 11.; chiefof cav.. Army of Va.,and 
wounilud at second battle of Bull Run ; chief 
of cav., Army of the Cumberland ; in the At- 
lanta campaign, and pursuit of Hood; com. 
division 4ih corps. Doc. 1864 to Apr. 1865; cn- 
};a;;cd in battles aro;ind Nashville, Tenn., for 
which he was brcv. brig.-gen. U.S. A ,and brcv. 
maj. -gen for gallant services in the war. Au- 
thor of " Maniuil for Cavalry." — Iliiiri/. 

Slliott, William, author and politician, 
b. Buaufoit, S.C, April 27, 1788; d. there 
Feb 180.'}. II. U. 1809. His father, William, 
(b. I7G1. d.l80S), joined in the patriotic strug- 
gle against the inother-conntry, along with his 
uncles John. Kdivanl, and Uobert Barnwell. 
At the surprise on John's Island, he was dan- 
gerously wounded, taken prisr., and immured 
in a pri.son-ship. He served in both branches 
of the legisl. The son devoted himself for 
many years to the management of his estates, 
and served with credit in both branches of the 
State legisl. During the nullification crisis of 
18.32, he resigned his State senatorsliip upon 
being instructed by his constituents to vote to 
iiuliily the tarilT-law. He pub. in 1851 letters 
against secession, signed " Agricola." Con- 
trib. largely to the periodical press of the 
South; pub. an "Address before the St. Paul's 
Agricultural Society," 1850; " Carolina Sports 
by L.and and Water," 1856; " Fiesco." a trage- 
dy, printed for the author in 18.50, and a 
number of occasional poemrof merit. 

£IliOt, William, lawver, b. Marblehead, 
Ms., Auu'. 17, 180.3. Dartm. Coll. 1826. Ho 
praciised law in Marblehead, Boston, and at 
Lewision, lib, in 1832; |>oslmaster there in 
1832-7; majtcr in chancery, 183.5-50; State's 
any., 5th judicial district, IS3S-48; has pub. 
" Visions of Quevcdo," translated from the 
Spanish. — Alumni D. C. 

Ellis, GiiORGE Edward, D.D (H. U. 
1857), Unitarian clergyman and author, b. 
Bosron, Aug. 8, 1814". H.U 1833; Camb. 
Uiv. School, 1 836. Mar. 1 1 , 1840, he was ord. 
pastor of the Il.irvard Church, Charle.^town, 
Ms. ; resigned 22 Feb. 1869. He wrote for 
" Sparks's Anur. Biog." Livesof John Mason, 
Anno Iluichinson, and Wni. Pcnn ; in 1857 
pub. •' The Half-Century of the Unitarian Con- 
troversy ; " was some time editor of the Chrislirin 
Ilefji'sler, and for some years conducted, with 
THew George Putnam, the Cliriftian Exumiwr. 
lie hasconirib. to various periodicals, includ- 
ing the .V. Y. Rcciew, the .\ort/i .■lHiei7con,and 
the Atlantic Munthli/, chiefly upon topics of 
American hi-torv. Prof of doctrinal theolo- 
gy in the Camb.'Divinity School. 1857-63. A 
prominent member of the Ms. Ili.-t. Soc , anil ac- 
tive in an'.iquarian researches. Heis also » zeal- 
ous I'ricnil (-f popular ediicaiion, having spoken 
and written much for common schools, and has 



published many sermons, addresses, and pam- 
phlets. In 1864, he g.tve a course of Lowell 
Lectures on the Evidences of Christianity. 
Author of "The Aims and Purposes of the 
Founders of Ms.," 1869. In 1871, he wrote 
the Life of Count Ruinford to accompany a 
complete edition of the works of that distin- 
guished philosopher, pub. in 4 vols., by the 
Amer. Aciid.of Arts and Sciences, of which he 
is a fellow. 

Ellis, Heskv, F.R.S., explorer, b. Eng., 
1721 ; d. 21 Jan. 1S06. Educated to the law 
at the Temple, Lond. In May, 1746, be went 
out as agent of a company for the discovery of 
a north-west passage. After extinguishing with 
diHiculty a Are in his ship, he jiroccedcd to 
Greenland ; exchanged commodities with the 
Esquimaux, July 8 ; proceeded to Fort Nelson ; 
wintered in Hayes River ; renewed his efforts 
in June, 1747, without success, and returning 
Oct. 14, i)ub. in 1748 the " Voyage made to 
Hudson's Bay in 1746-7, by the" 'Dobbs Gal- 
ley ' and ' The California.' to discover a 
Northwest Passage," &e. Ellis was rewarded 
for his seiTices by being made lieut.-gov. of 
Georgia, 15 Aug. 1756 ; arrived at Savannah, 
16 Feb. 1757, and May 17, 1758, was made 
gov -in-chief. His services to the Colony were 
great, and he was highly esteemed : but the 
climate was injurious to his health ; and he left 
the Province, Nov. 2, 1760. He was gov. of 
Nova Scotia in 1761-4. He afterward resided 
in Italy, principally occupied in scientific re- 
searches. His " Voyage " contains much 
valuable information. John Ellis, F.R.S., 
agent for West Florida and Dominican, d. 
Oct. IS, 1776. 

Ellis, JoHS Willis, politician, b. Rowan, 
N.C., Nov. 25, 1820 ; d. Raleigh, 1861. U. of 
N.C. 1841. He studied law; was a member 
of the House of Commons in 1844-8; then 
became judge of the Superior Courts of Law 
and Equity, and was gov. of NC. from 1859 
till his death. Active in promoting the seces- 
sion of his State. 

Ellis, Powhatan, lawver and politician, 
b. Va. Wm. andM. Coll.'l813. He removed 
to Mpi., where he practised law ; became a 
judge of the Supreme Court ; U.S. senator in 
1825 and in 1827-33 ; dianji d'affhires to 
Mexico in 1836-9, and minister to Mexico in 
1839. 

Ellsworth, EpHRAiM Elmer, col. U.S. 
vols., b. JlechanicsviUe, N.Y., Apr. 23, 1837 ; 
killed at Alexandria, Va., May 24, 1861. He 
found mercantile employment in Troy, in NY., 
and finally in Chicago, where, as a patent-soli- 
citor, he aciptired a good income. Engaging 
in the study of law, he gratified also his mili- 
tary predilections, and formed a Zouave corps 
in Chicago They visited the Eastern cities in 
July, 1860, and excited universal admiration. 
He organized a Zouave regt. on his return to 
Chicago, where he was a zealous advocate also 
for the election of Mr. Lincoln, whom he ac- 
comp. to Washington. In April, 1861, he 
organized a Zouave regt. from the N.Y. fire- 
dcpt.. and in 3 weeks led them into Wash- 
ington. Ordered to Alexandria, they entered 
that city early in the morning of the 24th of 
May. Seeing a secession fl.ig flying over the 



ELL 



304 



EL.I' 



Marshall House, bv with (wo companions cn- 
tvri-il ilip liuiisv, «nil look it down. As he 
dc^clMul>'ll fruin ihc ruof, the proprietor, Jackson, 
shot him, fiilliii;; hiniwlf thu next instant h^' a 
bull from lironnell, one of Kllsworih's com- 
piinioiih. 

£llsworth, Henry Leavitt. iigrical- 
tuiist, wn of CliicWiialicc E., b. Wind-sor, Ct., 
Nov. 10, 17'.tl; d. Fiiirhavcn, Ct., Die. 27, 
18J8. V.C. 1810. Alti-r studyinfj law with 
Judge (iould at LitchlieUI, he settled at Wind- 
sor, hnt in a few years removed to llarironl, 
where he remained 8 or 10 vears, when he was 
app. resident eommiss. among the Imliun trilK'S 
to the south and west of Ark. U.S. eommiss. 
of patents, 4 July, 18.36- May, 1845. In this 
post, his lalH>rs were of great importance ; and 
nis series of reports to Congress on the agricul- 
ture of ilie country led to great improvements 
in that seien e. Me then established himself 
at Lafayette, Ind., in the purelinse and settle- 
ment of U.S. land. In 1857, he returned to 
Ct. Author of " Digest of I'atents, from 1770 
to 18.')9," 8vo, 1840.— //is(. Magazine, iii., 
94. 

Ellsworth, Henrt Wilmam, lawyer, 
autlior. and rhartj^d'airnires to Sweden, 1845- 
50, b. Windsor, "Ct., 1814; d. X. Haven, Aug. 
1864. Y.C. 1834. Son of Henry L. He 
studied in the N. Haven Law School ; removed 
to Ind. in 18.35, and alter 1850 was counsel for 
S. B. I". Morse in suits connected with his 
teleg patents. Aullior of " Sketches of- the 
Upper Wab;ish Valley, Ind.," 8vo, N.Y., 18.38. 
Contrib. to the Knickerbocker May., &C, — See 
/><Hl.i„ml i',-l,yorthe West. 

Ellsworth, NIrs. Mart W., author, d. 
NewtDii, .Ms., 15 Aug. \87t). — See. fwirrln. 

Ellsworth, Oliver, LL.l). (Y.C. 1790), 
chief jiisiiee of the US , b. Windsor, Ct., Apr. 
29. 1745; d. Nov. 26. 1807. N.J. Coll. 1766. 
His lather was a farmer. Adm. to the bar in 
1771. he commenced practice at Hartford, and 
a'-quired in a few years a high prolessional rep- 
utation, and was app. State-atiy. As a mem- 
ber of the gen. assembly of Ct., he took a large 
share in all the Itevol. (lolitieal diseu.ssionsand 
n-.easun-s. In 1777-80, he was a delegate to 
Congress. In 1780, he became a member of 
the council of Ct., and in 1784 was app. a 
judge of the Superior Court. In 1787, he was 
a delegate to the convention for framing the 
Federal Constitution. It is believed that 
the present organization and mo<ie of app. of the 
Senate were suggested liy him. Other duties 
calling him away, his name is not among the 
signers of the Constitution, which was adopted, 
but he approved the work, onil warmly sup- 
))orted it in the State convention. U.S. senator, 
1789-95. He drew up the bill organizing the 
judiciary, and took a prominent part in most of 
the gn'atquestions of politicsor public economy. 
In March, 1796, Washington npp. bim chief- 
justice of the U. S. Sup. Court. At the close 
of the year 1799, Davie, Wm. Van Murray, 
and himself were sent envoys to France to 
adjust those differences which had assumed the 
cliuraeter of war. The convention which they 
conclmled with the French Govt, obtained the 
assent of the pres. and senate. In 18U2. be 
entered iiguiti into the council of the State, and 



in 1807 was elected its chiefjusticc, but declined 
the station. 

Ellsworth, William Wolcott, LL D. 
(U. of X.V. iKi!*), jurist, twin bro. of Henry 
L., and son of <'hielJu»ii<-e Oliver, b. Wind- 
sor, Ct.,NoT. 10, 1791 ; il. Hartford. Ct., Jan. 
15,1868. Y. C. 1810. Studied law; practised 
with success from 1813 to 1829; was a prof, of 
that science in Trinity College from 1827 till 
bis death ; M. C. 1829-.i.3 ; gov. 1838-42, and 
was a judge of the Sup. Court of the State 
from 1847 to 1861. He twice declined an elec- 
tion to the U S. senate from unwillingness to 
be drawn further away from his cherished pro- 
fession. — >'. C Obil. ItecorJ. 

Elmer, Kuesezbb, the last sarrivini; 
Rcvol. officer of N.J., b. Cedanillc, N.J., 17.52; 
d. Bridgeton, Oct. 18, 1843. Grandson of 
Kev. Daniel LImer. After receiving a cln»-i- 
cal education, he studied medicine with bis 
brother Dr. Jonathan, but in 1775 enten'd the 
army as an ensign, which in 1777 he resigned for 
theup|>ointincnt of surgeon 2d N.J. regt. He 
pnietised physic at Biidgeton after the war; in 
1789 was elected a member of the Asseroblv, 
in which he served several years ; s|icaker in 
1791 and 5 ; wos M. C. 1801-7; ninny years 
brig-gen of militia ; vice-president Burlington 
Coll. 1809-17 and 1822-32. 

Elmer, Jonathan, physician, magistrate, 
and senator, b. Cumberland Co., N.J , 1745; 
d. Burlington, 1817. U. of I'a. Brother of 
Elieiiezer. He praetisc-d physic with reputa- 
tion in his native county ; was a sheriff, a sur- 
rogate, and a judge during the Revol. ; was a 
member of the Com. Congress in 1776-8, I78I- 
4, and 1787, anil a U.S. senator in 1789-91. 
Member of the l'liilo«. Soeietv 

Elmer, Lccit-s y. c, llL.D. (N J. Coll. 

1865), jurist, b. Bridgeton, N J., 1791. N.J. 
Coll. 1824. Educated a lawyer, and ]iractised 
in his native town. For many years, lie 
was Stale prosecutor; was in the Assembly in 
1820-3, in the latter vear its s|>eakcr; U.S. 
atty. lor XJ. in 1824-9"; M.C. 184.3-5 ; atiy.- 
gen. 1850-2, and in 1852-9 was one of the 
justices of the Sup. Court of the State. He 
pub. '• Digest of the Laws of X J," Briilgeton, 
8vo. 18.38. 

Elmore, Franklin Hari-er. senator, h. 
Latii-ens DisL, S C, 1799; d. Wn-hington, 
May 29, I8.V). S.C. Coll. 1819. Ailin. to the 
bar'in 18JI ; in 1822-36 was solicitor of the 
Southern Circuit ; M C. loi.')7-9 ; U.S. senator 
to fill the vacancy oci^asioned by the d. of Cal- 
houn. Selected 'in 1838 by tlic S C. Cong, 
dclc^lion to obtain authentic information con- 
cerning the Hiitislavcry movement, the letters 
which passed lictwcen him ami James G. Bir- 
ncy were printed, and went through many edi- 
tions uniler the title of the " Elmorv Corrcsp " 
I'ns. State Bank of S.C. I8.39-.50. 

Elmsley, Jons, cliiefjusiicc of Canada, 
b. Eiig., 17i>3; d. Montreal. Anril 29,1803. 
Nephew of the i-eleliraled Lond. bookseller of 
the same name. He had U'cn speaker of the 
legisl. and a member of the exec, council ; npp. 
chief-justice, Oct. 13, 1802, having previously 
serve<l as a puisne judge in V- Canada. — 
i/oninii. 

Elphinstone, George Keitu, Viscooni, 



ELT 



305 



ElVtE 



a British lulm., h. 1747 ; d. March, 1823. He 
was made com. in 1772; post-captain in 1775; 
adm. of the white, IJ05. During the Amcr. 
war, he com. tlie " Pearl," fri^'ate, 32 guns ; 
van in the attack on Mud Island ; and at the 
capture of Charleston com. a detachment of 
seamen, and for his etfeeiive services obtained 
the warm commendation of Gen. Clinton. In 
1782,hccaiiturcd the French frigate "L'Aigle," 
of 40 guns. In 1795, he was made vice-adm., 
and captured Cape Town. In 1802, he was 
com. -in-chief in tlie Mediterranean, where he 
took Malta and Genoa. For his services in 
Kgypt, he was, in ISOl, made Baron Keith; 
Viscount, 1814. 

£lton, Romeo, D.D., LL.D., clergyman 
and scholar, b. Bri.-tol.Ct., 1790 ; d. Boston, Feb. 
5.1870. Brown U. 1813. He was ord. June 11, 
1817, as a Baptist minister in Newport, R.I., 
and in 1824 at Windsor, Vt. ; in 1825 became 
prof, of ancient languages and literature in 
Brown U. Before entering upon this duty, he 
spent two years in Europe, principally in Ger- 
many and" Italy. Resigning in 1843, he in 
1845-67 rc^ided in Ex'ter. Eng., returning to 
the US. in 186'J. Besides sermons, he pub. 
"Callender's Century Sermon ; " edited, with co- 
pious notes and biog. sketches, " The Works 
of President Maxcy," with an introd. memoir; 
and a " Biog. Sketch of Roger Williams." 
D.D. of Na>hville U., 1842. Some years one 
of the editors of the Eclectic Review. He be- 
queathed 820,000 to Brown U., and the same 
sum to Columbia Coll., D.C., to found pro- 
fessorships. 

Ely, Ezra Stiles, D.D. (Wash. Coll, 
Tenn.), Presb. clergvman, b. Lebanon, Ct., 
June 13, 1786; d. Phi'la., June 17, 1861. Y.C. 
1804. Son of Zebulon, minister of Lebanon 
from 1783 to his d, Nov. 18, 1824, a. 65 (Y.C. 
1779; tutor there, 1731-2.) In Oct. 1806, 
he became pastor in Colchester, Ct. ; was 
afterward city missionary in N.Y. ; was sub- 
sequently, for 20 years, pastor of the Pine-st. 
Church, Phila., and in 1834 undertook to 
establish a coll. and theol. sera, hi Mo., but, 
owing to .the financial reverses of 1837, was 
unsucce.ssfnl Pastor of the First Cliureh in 
the Northern Liberties, Phila., from 1844 
niiiil ibe failure of his health in 1851. Author 
of " Ely's Journal;" a "Collateral Bible," 
1828; a memoir of his father; "Endless 
Punishment," 1835; " Conversations on the 
Science of the Human Mind," 1819 ; " Visits 
of Mercy ; " " Sermons on Faith ; " " Contrast 
between Calvinism and Hopkinsianism," 1811. 
For several years, he edited gratuitously a re- 
ligions paper called the PA-Vu(/</y</i/a«.— 06. 
AVc. Yale, 1861. 

Embury, Emma Catharink, poetess, b. 
N. Y., 1806 ; d. Brooklvn, N.Y., Feb. 10, 1863. 
Dau. of Dr. James R. Manly of N.Y. ; m. in 
1828 to Daniel Embury of Brooklyn. She 
early became known as a writer of verses in 
the iV. 1'. Mirror and other journals, under the 
signature of " lanihe." She pub. " Guidoand 
other Poems, by lauthe," 1828; on "Female 
Education;" "The Blind Girl ami other 
Tales ; " " Pictures of Early Life ; " " Glimpses 
of Home-Life, or Causes and Consequences : " 
" Nature's Gems, or American Wild Flowers," 



1845; "Love's Token-Flowers," a vol. of 
poems, and in 1848 " The Waldorf Family." 
— DHyckinch. 

Emerson, George Barrell, LL.D. 
(H.U. 1859), teacher, b. Kennebunk, Me., Sept. 
12, 1797. n.U. 1817. Son of Dr. Samuel, a 
surgeon in the Revol. war (b. Hollis, N. H., 
Sept. 6, 1765; d. Aug. 8, 1851. H.U. 1785). 
taught dist. schools in Me. and Ms. ; then 
took charge of an acad. at Lancaster, Ms. ; 
was tutor in math, and nat. philos. in H.U. 
from 1819 to 1821 ; in 1821-3 was principal 
of the English High School for boys in Boston, 
and from 1823, till his retirement from prof, 
life ill 1855, kept a private school for girls 
there. Author of the second part of " The 
School and the Schoolmaster," and of a num- 
ber of lectures on education, and of contribs. to 
the ])eriodical press. Many years pres. of the 
Boston Soe. of Natural History, and, as chair- 
man of the commiss. for the zool. and hot. 
survey of Ms., pub. a " Report on the Trees and 
Shrubs growing naturally in the Forests of 
JIs.," 1846. 

Emerson, Ralph, D.D (Y.C. 1830), b. 
Hollis, N.H., 18 Aug. 1787 ; d. Rockford, 111., 
26 May, 1863. Y. C. 1811 ; And. Sem. 1814. 
Tutor at Yale, 1814-16; pastor of a Cong. 
Church at Norfolk, Ct., 1816-29; prof. eccl. 
hist, and past, theol.. And. Sem., 1829-54; 
resided in Newburyport 5 years, and then re- 
moved to Rockford, 111. Author of a Life of 
his bro. Rev. Joseph Emerson, a transl., with 
notes, of Wiggins's "Angustinism and Pela- 
giauism," and a contrib. to Biblioth. Sacra, 
C/iristlan S/wclalor, and other religious peri- 
odicals. — 1*. C. Obit. Rec. 

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, LL.D. (H.U. 
1866), essayist, b. Boston, May 25, 1803. 
H. U. 1821. Son of Rev. Wm. Emerson, and 
is the 8th in succession of a consecutive line 
of ministers. For 5 years after leaving coll., 
he was engaged in teaching school. In 1826, 
ho was app. to preach by the Middlesex Assoc. 
From Mar. 11, 1829, to 28 Oct. ia32, he was 
coll. of Henry Ware at the 2d Unit. Church, 
Boston. Returning in the winter of 183.3-4 
from a year's visit to Europe, he began the 
career of a lecturer, in which he has gained 
great distinction. In 1834, he delivered in 
Boston a series of biographical lectures on 
Michael Angcio, Milton, Luther, George Fon, 
and Edmund Burke. The first two afterwards 
appeared in the iV.^i. lieriew. In Sept. 1835, 
he m. Lydia, dau. of Charles Jackson of Ply- 
mouth, and fixed his residence at Concord, Ms. 
In 1840, he was a contrib. to a quarterly period- 
ical. The Dial, the organ of the N.E. Tran- 
scendentalists, and, for the last two years of its 
existence, its editor. He again visited Eng. in 
1847. In 1852, he contrib. some admirable 
interpretative criticisms to the " Memoirs of 
Margaret Fuller." Mr. Emei son has delivered 
many unpublished addresses on slavery, wo- 
man s rights, and other topics of public interest. 
"As a writer, Mr. Emerson is distinguished for 
a singular union of poetic imagination with 
practical acuteness. His style is conJbnsed, 
almost to abruptness, occasionally purchasing 
compression at the expense of clearness." Ho 
has pub. " Essays," 1st series, 1841 ; 2d 



EMK 



806 



EMO 



•cries, 1844; " Poems," 1846 ; " Misccllanios," 
(including " Nature," and 9 lecturca ami iid- 
drrsses), 1849; " Rcprcsouliiiivo Men," I8S0; 
" Kiij;li»li Traits," 1856 : " t'on.liirt of Life," 
1 8110 ; " Mnv-Day and oilier Pocinn," " Sociel v 
nnci Solitude," 1869. An edition of his works 
wan pub. in 2 vols., 1870, bv Fields, Osgood, 
& Co. 

Emerson, William, Unit, minisicr, 
f itli.r of Halph Wiililo, b. Coneonl, Ms., May 
6, 1709; d. May \>, 1.011. II. U. 1789. 
Cirandson of Rev. .loseph of Malilen, and son 
of Hcv. Wm. of Concord, who d. a chaplain 
ill the army in 1776. He l>ecame the first 
miniilcr of Harvard, May 20, 1792, and from 
O.t 16. 1799, to his dentil, was pnsior of the 
I"ir.~t Church in Boston. He was one of the 
lie-t writers, and most accomplished pulpit 
oniturs, of his time. In 1804 he conmiclcd 
tliu Moiilhly Anlholo^if. His numerous addresses 
on puli!lc occa.->ions rank among the most cor- 
rii-t and linished comiiosiiions of llie period. 
His " History of the Jirst Church of Boston" 
was pub., with two of his sermons annexed, 
8vo, 1812. a "Selection of Psalms and 
Hymns," 1808. 

Emmet, Thomas Addis, LL.D. (Col. 
Co!!., N.V., 1824). Politician and lawyer, 
bi-otlier of the celebrated Robert Kuiinet, b. 
Cork, 1764; d. N. Y., Nov. 14, 1827. Trin. 
Coll., Dub. Son of an eniineiit Dublin physi- 
cian. Stuilicd medicine at theU. of ICdinl)un;b; 
then studied law at the Temple, I.,<Midon, two 
years, and was adm. to the Dublin bar in 1791, 
soon ri>in;: to distinciion. He soon became a 
leader of ihe " United Irishmen," and was one 
of its (Tcn. cominitiee. Arrested with others in 
1798, Im was imprisoned in Koit George, Scot- 
hind, 2 1-2 years, and, alter the treaty of 
Amiens, was permitted to withdraw to France, 
where his wife Joined hiui. He arrived in 
Aincr. Nov. 11, 1804, rose lo eminence in his 
prof, in New York, and was atty -gen. of that 
Stale in 1812. While in prison in Scotland, 
he wrote " Pieces of Irish History, ilUistralivo 
of the Coiidiiion of the Catholics of Ireland," 
pub. in connection willi Dr. MacNevin, in 
1807. lie was a lab<irious, able, and success- 
ful pleader, and an energetic and Hoiid orator. 
S'-f Ill's Minmirs, bi) (Sliarlcs C. llai/ncs, 12nio, 
1?29. 

Emmons, Ebenezer, M.D., geologist, b. 
Middlcrield, Ms., Mav 10,1799; d. Brunswick, 
N.C., Oct. I, I sat.' Wms. Coll. I81S. He 
studieil and practised medicine successfully, 
and in 1833 became prof, of nat. hist, in 
Wms. Coll. Here he made iniporuint additions 
to the knowledge of the botany, geology, and 
ininirali)i.'y of the Northern States, and inadu 
a Report on the Quadrupeds of Ms. In 
18-10. while engaL'ed upon the geol. survey of 
N Y., as one of the ccologisis in chief, he 
foriiK"'! what he called his " Tnconic " theory in 
oppo.iiion to the rei-eived llieorv of the Siluri- 
ans. Opposed at first by all scicnliHc men, bis 
views time at li'n;:ili to' be universally adopt- 
ed. »App. in 1818 prof of chemistry in the 
Albany Med. Coll . and ii-inove»l to that city. 
H'' pull, valuable n'poris on the "Natural 
II lury ..f N.'.v York," " Jfanual ..f Mineral- 
ogy and Ueolojj'y," 1826. In 1858-9, he was 



•pp. by the Icgisl. of N.C. to condnct the geol. 
sur>'ey of that State. He was prevcnteil from 
leaving the State when Ihe RelKllion liegan, 
and was not |>ermiited to eorres|iond with his 
Northern friends. It is suppose') that he was 
detained a prisoner on parole by the Confed. 
Govt. He pub. 3 reports on the Geology and 
A-ricullureof N.C, in 1856, 1858, and 1800; 
also lexi-liooks of geologv in 1854 and 1860. 

Emmons, Geohoe ^^. ronnno. U. K. N., 
b. Vt., Aug. 23, 1811. Midshipman, April 1, 
1828 ; lieut! Feb. 25, 1841 ; com. Jan. 28,I8.'>6; 
capt. Feb. 7, 1863; commo. Sept. 20,1868. 
Attached lo Wilkes's Kxpl. Expe.1., 1838-42; 
aciively employed in Cal., and in several en- 
gagements there during ihc Mexican war ; 
com. steamer " Hatteras," West (lulf squadron, 
1862, steamer " R. B. Cuylcr," same squad , 
1863 ; captured Cedar Keys', Florida, 1862. and 
Pass Christian, Mpi., taking some 20 prizes, 
amongthein the rebel ram " Webb;"eom. Mcain- 
sloop Lackawann, 18C4-5, and prevented de- 
struction of the city and shipping of N. Or- 
leans by the reU'ls ; took charge of the hy- 
drograp'hic office in 1870. Author of " NavT 
of the U.S.,"4to, ISaS.— H imenili/'s /{eeorrl$ 
U. S. X. 

Emmons, Nathasael, D.D. (Darlm. 
Coll. 1798), theologian, b. East Haildam, Ct., 
April 12, 1745, (IS.; d. Franklin, Ms., Sept. 
23 1840. Y. Coll. 1767. Pastor of ihe seet.nd 
church of Wrenlliam, now Franklin, from Apr. 
1773 to 1827. His ability inmle him promi- 
nent for half a century; ami his opinions were 
extensively souL'ht and qiiuteil by [ler-ons en- 
gaged in religious eoninivci-sy. Six vols, of 
his works were Bub. in 1842, ediieil by his son- 
in-law. Dr. JacoTi Ide. with a memoir jirefixed, 
and a list of 150 of his proiluelii>ii». Dr. E. 
belonged lo the Ilopkinsian school of divineH, 
long held among ihcin the first rink, ami was 
one of the founders and first pre*, of the Ms. 
Missionary Society. 

Emory, Johx, D D., bishop of the M.E. 
Church, b. Queen Anne's Co., Mil., April 11, 
1789; d. Baltimore Co., M.I., Dec. 10. 1815. 
Wash. Coll., Md. Adm. to the Isir in 1808. 
After practising a short lime with sucrcss. he 
entered the Phila. ME. Conf , in 1810, tilled 
iinfiorlanl stations in ibe church from 1SI3 to 
1 8211, anil was a delegate lo every genenil conf. 
but one durin:; his life. In 1820. he was a del- 
egate 10 the British conf In 1824. he liecanio 
connected with the NY. Pnb. Six-ietv, and 
pub. a '■ Defence of ihe Original OrgaMi/.ation 
of the M. E. Cluinh." defending ilie i>olicy of 
Wesley ami bis as-ociatcs. Chosen bishop m 
1812. ' His death was eauscil by lieing thrown 
from his carriage. He assisted in the organi- 
rilion of the U of N.Y.. the Wesleyan U , ami 
Dick. College, and prepared for them ri lienefi- 
cial course of study. Iliswriiings. wiiha Lite, 
by his son. app. in" I vol.. 8vo. 1841. 
' Emory, Robert, clergyman, s<in of Bi.shnp 
.Tiihn, b. Phila., .lulv 29. |'8I4 ; d. Baliimore, 
May 18. 1848. Col. Coll. 1831. After study- 
ing' law, he was from 1814 lo 18.19 prof of an- 
cient lansuai-es at Dirk. College; iln-ii enlered 
the Balliinori- .Vnnual Conf. of ihe Methodist- 
Episcopal Cliiireli, but was reealleil in 1842 
Us prcs. firo tein., and, on the rciignatiun of Dr. 



EMO 



307 



EN-C3- 



Diiriiin, was chosen pros, of Dickinson Coll. 
Bvsiilcs a life of his father, he left a " History 
of the Di?cipline of tlie M. E. Church," 184.3, 
anil an iintini<hocl " Analysis of Butler's Anal- 
OL'v," coni]pk-tcil l)y Kev. George Crooks in 
ISoij. ami inirodiicei! as a text-book in^o many 
instinitiniis of Icarninj;. 

Emory, Wjlliam Helmslet, hrev. maj.- 
fren. U.S.A., b. Queen Anne's Co., Md., ab. 
1812. West Point, 1831. Entering tlie4th Art., 
he resigned Sept. 30, 1836 ; app. 1st. lieut. 
lopog. engineers, 7 July, 1838 ; acted as aide- 
<lc camp to Gen. Kearney in Cal. in 1846-7; 
was brcv. capt. for gallantry at San Pasqual, 
Dec. 6, 1846, and maj. for gallantry at San G.a- 
briel and the plains of Mesa, Cal., Jan. 9, 1847; 
app. maj. 3d. Dragoons, 9 Apr. 1847, but de- 
clined ; lieut.-col. vols, in the Mexican war, 
Sept. 30, 1847 ; astronomer to the comnnss. to 
survey the boundary between the U.S. and 
Mexico, in 1848—50; became capt. 24 April, 
1S51 ; again astronomer to the samecornniiss. in 
Sept. 18j1 ; member of the commiss. 18.'J4-7; 
maj 2d Cav. March 3, 1855, and in May was 
transferred to 1st Cavalry. When the civil 
war broke out, he was serving in New Mexico, 
brought his command in good order to Kansas, 
and wasapp.. May 14, 1861, lieut.-col. 6th Cav. 
He served in the Peninsular campaign in the 
Armv of the Potomac ; Ijecamc brig.-gen. of 
vols."iMareh 17, 1862, and Dee. 5, sailed from 
Fortress Monroe in com. of a division of a 
Southern exped. He com. a division of Banks's 
army at Port Hudson, Sabine Cross-Ro.ids, 
and Pleasant Hill ; and in Sheridan's campaign 
against Karly in the Shenandoah Valley c^m. 
tlie I9th corps; brev. col. 27 May, 1862, for 
Hanover C. H., Va. ; col. 5th CaV. Oct. 27, 
1853; brev. brig, and maj. gen. U.S.A. 13 
M.ir. 1865, for Fisher's Hill and campaign 
of Shenandoah Vallev, and for Cedar Creek ; 
maj. gen. tols 25 Sept. 1865 Author of 
" Notes of a Military Reconnoissance in Mo. 
and Cal.," N.Y., 8vo, 1848 ; " Notes of Travel 
in California," 8vo, N.Y. ; " Report of the 
U.S. and Mexican Boundary Commission," 
WashiiiL'ton. 4to. 

Emott, James, LL.D (Col. Coll. 18.33), 
judL'e, b. Pou;;hkeepsie, N.Y., March 14, 1771; 
d. there April 10, 1850. Un. Coll. 1800. He 
began to practise law at Ballston Centre ; re- 
moved to Albany ab. 1 800 ; was a commission- 
er to settle disputes concerning titles to lands 
in the military tract of Onondaga Co. in 1797 ; 
represented Albany Co. in the legisl. in 1804 ; 
jiractised law a while in N.Y. City, but returned 
to l'ou.:hkcc|isie; from 1809 to 1813, he was a 
leader of the Federalist party in Congress ; 
sjieakcr of the N.Y. legisl. in 1814 ; memlier 
of that body until 1817 ; first judge of Duch- 
ess Co. in 1817-23, and judge of the Second 
Circuit in 1827-31. 

Endecott, Joujr, gov. of Ms. Colony, b. 
Dorchester, Eng., 1588; d. Boston, M'arch 
15, 1665. He m. acousiu of Mathcw Cradock, 
gov. of the Ms. comp. in Eng., and was bro.- 
inlaw to Roger I>udlow, dep.gov. Sent to 
this country as their agent to cany on the set- 
tlement at Naumkeag, or Salem : he arrived 
Sept. 6, 1628, and there laid the foundation of 
the first permanent town in Ms. In April, 



1629, the comp. cho.se him gov. of London's 
Plantation, but in Aug. the charter and the 
govt, of the Colony was transferred to N E. ; 
and Winthrop, who arrived in 1630, was app. 
gov. In 1636, he was sent on an exped. against 
the Indians on Block Island and in the Pe- 
quot country. During this year, the miliiarv 
commissioners adopted his views relative to 
the cross in the king's colors, namely, that it 
savored of Popery, and ordered it to be left 
out. He was dep.-gov. in 1641-3, gov. in 
1644, when he removed from Salem to Boston, 
and from 1649 until his death in 1665, except- 
ing in 1650 and 1654, when he was dep.-gov. 
In 1645, he was made sergeant major-gen. of 
Ms., the highest military ofliee in the Colonv. 
In 1652, he established a mint, which, though 
unlawful, continued to coin money more than 
30 years. In 1658, he was made pres. of the 
colonial commissioners. He was a man of 
good education, talented, brave, and patriotic, 
but deeply imbued with the intolerance of his 
times. Under his administration, the Colony 
flourisbrd greatlv. 

England, John, D.D., R.C. bishop, b. 
Cork, Ireland, Sept. 23, 1786 ; d. Charieston, 
S.C, April II, 1842. He entered Cariow Coll. 
in 1803, and while there founded a female peni- 
tentiary, and poor schools for both sexes. 
Adm. to orders at Cork, Oct. 9, 1808, he was 
soon after ajip. lecturer at the North Chapel, 
and cbaidain of the prisons ; began in 1809 to 
pnb the lii/ir/ioKs Rfperlon/, a monthly ; and 
in 1812 distinguished himself in the cause of 
Catholic emancipation. The freedom of his 
language more than once brought him before 
the courts ; i\nd on one occasion he was fined 
£500. He was app. pres. of the Coll. of St. 
Mary ; also filled the office of bishop's sec; per- 
formed the ordinary duties of the ministry, 
and in 1817 was made parish priest of Bran- 
don. Raised to the episcopate Sept. 21, 1820, 
he came in Dec. to Charleston, S.C , where he 
established a theol. sem., and a journal. The 
Catholic Miscellany, the first Catholic paper 
pub. in America. In 1826, at the request of 
Congress, he preached before the senate at 
Washington. In 1832, he travelled in Europe, 
and spent some time in Rome, when the, pope 
app. him apostolic legate to Hayti. His works 
were pub. in 1849, in 5 vols., 8vo, edited hy 
Bishop Reynolds. 

England, Sir Richard, b British lieut. - 
pen. of Lifford, Co. Clare, Ireland ; d. Noy. 
1812. Cajit of the 47th regt., and wounded at 
Bunker's Hill. He served with distinction 
through the war, and at one time was com- 
mandant of Detroit. He was efficient in aid- 
ing the colonization of the extreme western 
portion of Upper Canada. 

Engle, Frederick, rcar-adm. U.S.N,, b. 
Delaware Co., Pa , 1799 ; d. Pbila., Feb. 12, 
1868. Midshipman.Nov. 30, 1814; lieut. .fan. 
13, 1825 ; com. Sept. 8, 1841 ; capt. Sept. 14, 
18.')3 ; rearadm., retired list, 25 July, 1866. 
Com. " The Princeton," during the Mexican 
war, and rendered (listing, service in the blocknil- 
ing squadron. During the Rebellion, he com. 
"The Hartford," but, from advanced ago, wis 
assigned to the command of the Phila. N.V . 
and was subsequently gov. of the nav. asylum. 



KNO- 



808 



KRI 



Engles, William Mobhihos.D.D ,l'r«l). 
clcrcviiiun unil aiiilior. Ii. I'liiln , 12 Ool. 1797 ; 
li. therv 27 Nov. 18(>7. U. ol I'u. 1815 Li- 
coiim-mI Io pivaih Oct. 1818 l'a.sior7lh l*n.'»b. 
Cliurch, I'liiln., 1820-I4. K«lilc<l llic I'reJft- 
r/iiii riMin 18.34 lill lii^i (Ii-iiili. Kuuk eiliior 
of thf I'rcsb. Itoiinlof Pub. 18381-6.1; prr*. of 
llic bouni, 1 80 1-7. Ilo pub. " i.eeord-. of ibe 
PiX'sb. Cburcb," " Iliblo Diclionurv," " Bcxik 
of I'octry," " Sailor's Oom|iuniun," " Sirk- 
Doiiiii IK'Vutions," " Solilii-r'n I'oi-ket-Book." 

Snglish, liKORot: Bktiiune, auilior and 
u.h.niiiivr, l>. Cauihriiliic, Mar. 7, 1787; il. 
\VM-hiii-iou.So|it. 20, 1828. H.U. 1807. Stud- 
ied law auil subricquonlly divinity, lie jiub. in 
1813 "lirounds uf Cbristianity examined," n 
work in favor of Judaism, wbieb wast answered 
by Kdward Everett and by S. Gary. lie edited, 
|jr a time, a \Vei>tern paper, llien sailiil to llic 
Medilerranean as i\ li> nt. of marines, bnt re- 
bi;;ned bis eomniission, prufessoil Mobammed- 
anism, and aeeipteil a com. under Ibrabim 
Pueba in ibc F-'iypiian army, tlien orpinizini; 
fur tbc eonque>t ol Abyxinia, performing im- 
portant service ik an oflicer of artillery, lie 
wiisafterwanlU.S.ayeulin tbc Mediicminean, 
and in 1827 relurned to \V'a.shin;;ton, wbere he 
sou;,'ht an app., but wilbout success, lie pub., 
be>iile ibe nliovc, Letter to Mr. Cury, on the 
Review of bis work ; " Fife Smoolb Stones out 
of ibe Hnwk," n reply to Kverett ; Letter to 
Mr. Cbanning rcj»i>rdins his two sermons on 
inrideliiy ; and " Kxpedition to Doni.'ola and 
Sennaar," 8vo, 1823. lie hud a. versatile nenius, 
and es|Heially excelled in uequirini; lant:nu;:es. 
At Marseilles, be pasoed for a Turk, wiib a 
Turkish anibassailor ; and at Wnsbini;lon, ho 
surprised a dele^'ation of Clierokees, by disput- 
in;; with them in iheir own ion;;uo. — i** J). 

L. Knlljif/s AniT. Uiut/. 

English, James IC, politician, b. X.IIavcn, 
Ci.. Nlaixb, 1812. He was a mercbant until 
ISJ.'), when he became extensively enj,'a}:vd in 
nianufaeturin^. Meml>er uf the State IckisI. 
in 1855, and of the senate in 18.'i6 ; M. C. 
1861-5 ; cov. of Ct. 1867, and 70-1. 

English, Tiio.MAS Dl'XN, author, b. Pbila., 
June 2;«, 1819- lie receiveil the cle^rce of 
M.l). liom the I', of Pa., in 1839, and, having 
subsequently studied law, was in 1842 adm. 
to the bar. lie has written a novel entitled 
"Walter VVoolfe," 1844, and has edited and 
cuntrib. tu a variety of journals and nin;;azincs. 
All. 1S42, be wrote for the .Y. Y. Miiror the 
sonp of " Bcu Boll." In 1848. bo edited a hu- 
morous periodical entitled tlie John /Juxtry, 
anil, in conjunction «ilh G. O. Foster, a work 
on the French lievol. of that date. He has 
written a seriesof national ballads for Uiirfirr'i 
Mil I'izinr, ami is ihe author of numerous dra- 
mas, one of which, " The Mormons," has liccn 
printed. In 1855, be pub. a collection of bis 
misiT-'llaneoiis jioems. He resides near N.Y., 
and is cunneclcd nitb the press of that city. 

EnOS, lits. Kookk; d. Colchester, Vt., 
Oct. 6, 1808. a 72. lie was a col. in the 
lievol. army in 1775, and com. the rear division 
of Arnold's e.x|ied. to Quebec, tbrouch the 
irildcrne.«s of .Me., but abamloned it. and re- 
turned to CaniliridiK to avoid smr%°atiun. In 
1781. ho com. the Vt. troops at Castlctoo. He 



wai a maj.-f^'n of mililia, and a founder of 
the Stale of Vt. Ira Allen m. his dan.— 
Vt. Qmirltrly (l.izrltrrr, 704. 

EppeS, John W., M C. 1803-11 and 
18l:i-15; L'. S. senator, 1817-19.; d. near 
Richmond, V«., Sept. 1823, a. 50. His wife, 
Maria, dau. of Jefferson, d. Apr. 1804. — Itnu- 
ditU't Jfffrrton. 

Ercilla Y Zuniga (fr-lhol'-yi, c thimn- 
Tce'-ya). Dux Aion/h me. Spanish soldier 
and (Kiet, 1.V1.3-9J. Itr.)uu'bt up nt the court 
of Charles V., be joined the ex[)C<l. sent to 
Chili in 1554, and celebrated the danucrons 
contest with the Araucanians, n native irilic, in 
an admirable epic entitled " La Araucana," 
written nt brief intervals from active duty, on 
scraps of pa|>er, and biui of leather, and first 
printed in I.'i77 

Eric the Ited, a Scamlinavian navi;;ator, 
the Rpuicd divoverer of N. America. He 
emigrated to Iceland, nb. 982 A.I)., after which 
ho discoveati Greenland, where he pl.inied a 
colony. Ilo sent out, ab. 1000 A.D., nn ex- 
ploring pjirty, under bis son Lief, who discov- 
ered a continent, part of wbicli iliey called 
Marklaml, and another part Vinlaml (sup|>used 
to corres|iond to the .sontbcrn |Mirtion of N'ew 
Kn^laiul). Tradition adds, that be or his son 
forincd a sclllement in Vinbnid. 

Ericsson, Jons, LL.n. (Wesl. U. 1802), 
inventor, b. province of Vcrmcland, Sweilcn, 
1803; now (1872) resides in N.V. I'itv. At 
the Bjc of 11, Count Platen gave him a cadet- 
ship in a corps of cnginevr< ; and in 1816 he 
wnsemployeil on the grand shl|>-canal lieiwcen 
the Bnllie and the Xunb Sea. He cnicn-'l the 
Swedish arrar«as en-i;;n, rose to the grade of 
lient., and was for some lime eniplnveil in the 
survey of Northern Sweden. One of the ear- 
liest of his inventions was the ftimr mjinr, 
intended to work inde|iendently of steam, by 
condensing flame. Visiting Kng. io 182ri, he 
discovered that this engine, when worked by 
mineral fuel, was a toiid failure. Deputing 
himself to mechanical pursniis. he invented 
the steam-boiler on the principle of nriiliciul 
draft. In 1829, be competiil for the iriie 
offeretl by iho Liver|>ool and Manebcsier uail- 
way for ihe l>pst loeonioiivc, and produeeil an 
engine that attained ihc then incn'iliblc 
speed of fifty miles an hour. This Icil him to 
construct a steam fire-cnuine with entire suc- 
cess. Dinclin'.' bis altenlion to navig.iiiun. he 
in venleil the pn>|>eller, ami that new arrangement 
of the steam-machinerj- in sbips-of-war wbi.h 
has revolutionized the navies of the world. 
Not snt-ciMhling in making tbc Briti»b ai'tni- 
raliy Iwlieve what they saw. he came in I C19 
to S.Y., and in 1841 was emplovtd in the ton- 
siruetion uf the U.S. ship-of-w.ir " Princeton " 
on the very plan which bud lnvn n-cvived with 
such indifference by the Bri.ish admiralty. 
She was the first steamship ever built with the 
|.ropelling machinery under ihe water-line, and 
out of the ivach of shot ; and she was disiing. 
fur niHnerous other mechanical noveltiis. In 
1852, he was made Knighi of Ihe Onlcr of 
Vasa, by King 0.-.car of Sweden, The 
same year, he bronirht out a new form of 
calorie-engine in the ship " Erii-s.vm." I)nrini( 
bis residence ia the U.S., be ioveotcd semi- 



K.RS 



309 



EST 



cylindri.'al enf»ine, rentrifiigal Mowers, besides 
some improvcinenis in manaKin;;;,'iins, applied 
to the steamer " l^rinceton" witli success. In the 
American dept. of the Great Exhibition of 
1851, heexhil)itcd an instrument for measuring 
distances at sea ; the hydrostatic gauge, for 
measuring the volume of fluids under pres- 
sure , the reciprocating fluid-meter, the alarm 
barometer, the pyrometer, the rotary fluid- 
mctcr, and the sea-lead, of all of which instru- 
ments he has given a brief explanation in a 
p.uiiphlet pub. in 1851. For these he re- 
ceived the prize medal of the Exhibition. 
Ericsson's calorie-engine was first placed 
before the scientific world in London, 183.3. 
Its advantages over steam are economy of 
space, economy of first cost, economy of fuel, 
of repairs anil running-expenses, simplicity, 
safety, aud power. His last yreat invention, 
the iron-clad " Monitor," had just been com- 
pleted, and arrived at Fortress Monroe most 
opportunely, Mar. 9, 1862, to stay the devastat- 
ing progress of the rebel iron-clad, "Merri- 
mack." The result of this contest .settled the 
question of '■ wooden" navies. Capt. Ericsson 
was the first to bring the system of iron turret 
shif)s into operation. 

Erskine, David MoNTAGiTE, Baron, en- 
voy and minister to the U.S., 1806-10; d. 
March 19, 1855, aged 78. Son of the cele- 
brated Liml Thomas. Adm. to the bar in 
18(12, an'l in Feb. 1806 was returned lo par- 
li.inient for Portsmouth. lie ni. in 1800 a 
dan. of (ien. J din Cadwallader of Phila. Ue 
succeeded to the peerage on the d. of his 
father in 1823. He had been niinister-pleni- 
p .tcntiary to Bavaria. 

Erskine, Robert, F.R.S., geographer 
anl surveyor-gen. lo the army of the U.S. 
Sou of Uev. Ralph of Dunfermline, Scotland, 
b. 7 Sept. 1735 ; d. 2 Oct. 1780. — /us. on loiiih- 
slo:tP at Rhi'iwood, Pdiisaic Co., N.J. 

Erskine, Siit William, a British gen., 
b.irt. of Torric, b. 1728; d. March 9, 1795. 
Entered the Scots Greys in 1743 ; was a cornet 
in his father's rcgt. at Fontenoy ; maj. 15th 
Light Dragoons in March, 1759, and served 
with credit in Germany ; lieut.-col. March 29, 
1762; app. brig.-gen. in Amer. in 1776; com. 
the 7th brigade in the battle of Brooklyn- 
Heights; second in com. of Tryon's marauding 
exped. to Danbury, Ct., in April, 1777 ; app. 
quariermaster-gcn. in Dec. 1777; col. 80th 
regt., and aide-de-camp to the king ; com. the 
ca>tcrn dist. of L.I. in the winter of 1778-9; 
bcame maj -gen. in 1779; lieut.-gen Sept. 
17S7; hart. June, 1791 ; second in com. to the 
Duke of York, in Flanders, in 179.3-5. Es- 
teemed for his social and military qualities, 
and in Germany approved himself a brilliant 
caviilry oflfi -er. 

Erving, Gkorce W., diplomatist, b. 
Boston. 1771; d. N.Y., July, 18.50. George, 
hj^ father, a loyalist merchant of Boston, went 
to Eng.' with his family in 1776 The son 
Hasiducated at Oxforil, Eng, and, returning 
to his native country, was made consul ti> Lond. 
by Jefferson ; was sec. of legation to Spain in 
1804; s|)Ccinl minister to Denmark in 181 1 ; 
and minister to ^pain in 1814. 

Escalante d' (d«s-ka-lan'-lii), JcAN, one 



of Cortes' principal officers in the conquest of 
Mexico in 1518. He com. the colony founded 
by Cortes at Vera Cruz, and was killed in a 
battle a^'ainst a Mexican chief in 1519. 

Escobar, Maria de, b. Truxillo; living 
in 1547. She was the wife of Diego de 
Chaves, one of the first conquerors of Peru. 
She followed her husband to Amer , shared the 
fatigues and dangers of the adventurous Span- 
iards, and introduced the cultivation of corn and 
bolcy into the conquered country. Gonzalo 
Piziirro recompensed Donna Maria de Chaves 
by giving her a fine territory in the vicinity of 
Limn, together with the Indians upon it. 
— NoHV. Bioif. Gen. 

Espy, James P., meteorologist, b. Wash- 
ington Co.. Pa., May 9, 1 785 ; d. Cincinnati, O., 
Jan. 24, 1860. After some years' study, he 
pub. in 1841 " Philosophy of Storms." He 
had before communicated to the British Assoc. 
a paper on " Storms," and anotheron the "Four 
Daily Fluctuations of the Barometer." In 
1843, he was employed by the war dept. in the 
Washington Observatory to prosecute his in- 
vestigations, and collate the reports from the 
dififerent observers throughout the country. 
Several quarto vols, of this matter were pub. 
by the dept. 

Esquemeling, John-, a buccaneer. Wrote 
in Dutch MTi iiccoiiiii uf the buccaneers of Amer., 
tran.'.liitcd into English, and pub. Lond., 1684, 
4tu. Sir Ilunrv Morgan obtained a verdict of 
£200 against "the publisher for libel. —.4//i- 
iom. 

Estaing (dcs-tan[g']), Charles HtxRY 
Thkodat, CouHt d', a French adm., h. Ruvel, 
in Auvergnc, 1729; guillotined at Paris, 2S 
Apr. 1794. Entering the Mousquetaires in 
1745, he was col. of the rcgt. Hmierrjm in 1748, 
and brigadier in 1756. In 1 757, he served in 
the fleet of Count d'Ache, and in 1758 took 
(iondeleur and Fort St. D.ivid. Joining the 
E India squadron, umler Count Lally, he was 
taken prisoner at Madras in 1759, and, violat- 
ing his parole, was captured a second time, and 
imprisoned at Portsmouth. In 1763. he was 
made lieut.-gen., and in 1778 viec-adm. Em- 
ployed in tlie Amer. war, he arrived in Dela- 
ware Bay in July, 1778, made a demonstration 
against Newport in Aug , which obliged the 
British to destroy 6 of their frigates lying there ; 
but his fleet was so shattered by a storm as to 
be obliged to refit at Boston. In 1779, he 
sailed to the W.Indies, when ho took St. Vincent 
and Granada, and had an indeci-ive engatrc- 
ment with Adm. Byron. He invested Savan- 
nah, 9 (Jet. 1779, but lost the favorable op- 
portunity for attack by giving tlie British time 
to complete their defences, under cover of a 
truce : he next ruined the enterprise by a pre- 
cipitate attack, when he should have hcsiegeil 
in form. In this action, Pulaski was killed, and 
D'Estaing wounded. He returned to Franca 
in 1780. In 1783, he com. the combined fleets 
of France and Spain, and was made a grandee 
of Spain of the first class. He favored the 
French Revol., was a nieinbcr of the NotaMes 
in 1 787, com. the National Guards at Versailles 
in 1789, and was made adm., and put on the 
retired list, in 1792, but, falling under suspi- 
cion of the Terrorists, was finally guillotined. 



ETJ8 



810 



EVA 



£u8tace, John Sket, ci-n., b. Fliijliin;;, 
L.I., Ami;- 10, 1760; d. Ncwlmrcli. N.Y., Aug. 
8.'>, 1805. Wm. anil M. Coll. 17:6 A|>|>. iiiilc to 
(icn. Charles Iaii in 1776 ; n'iii> nfit.Twiiril.'- liiile 
to Sullivnn imd <iiv«nc; iiikI li.iriii;.', Iiy Wn 
tpirit uml mlilrmt'i, inmlv |iri.>oiior Col. liiiritin, 
Coii;jrefcs. Nuv. 1777. rvsolvtsl (hiii John Ski'V 
Eii^lncc Ih' CDinntls-iuniil ni'ijur forhU brnverv 
nnil fiiiihfnl mtvIit-. Afli-r tin.' war. ho re- 
siirnfil, iin<l wi'nl ^l (in . whi'rv hi' |iriu-li«t.Ml hiw, 
nriii ncljui.nil-i:iii . anil ri.'wiveil oiIkt livll nnil 
iniliiarv np|Hiiiiinient-^. In 1794. he enlcn-il 
the Kiviich oiTviec; whs niailo iiiileHlc-cninp to 
I..iirknur, afterwanU to Uninourivr, nitaining 
th>' j;r»ilt' of miij.-;;i'n. anil uuir^h'il-ilr-nimi). 
He com. in 1797 a ilivisioii of tho Fix'ni-h army 
in Flunilers. In 1800, he remrnol to his na- 
tive country, anil led a Htuilimis ami retired 
life in Or.inj;« Co , N.Y., till his ileaili. Author 
of manr pamphlets, and an neconnt of his 
" KxikiVrom Great Britain." I,ond.. 8vo. 1797. 

EuStiS, AuKAiiAM, l)ri^.^-l;en. U.S.A., h. 
BuMDii, .Mar. 2.1, 1786: d. I'orilaml, June 27, 
184.'t. II. U. 1804. Nephew of (iov. Kusiis. 
lie .sliidii'd law in the office iif his relative Cliief- 
Jusiiec Parker; was Hiiin. to iliu bar in 1SU7, 
and 0|H-ned an ollieu in RoMion. Cn|i( li:;hc 
art. May 3, 1808; major, Man-h 1.5,1810; 
com. his re;:t. in capture of York, VC. Apr. 
27, 1813; brev. lieiit.-col., for meritorious ser- 
vice. Sept. 10, 181.3 ; lieuL-col. 4th Art. .May 8, 
182a ; brevet bri;;.-Ken. June .'lO, I8U ; col.'Ut 
Art Nov. 17, 18.')4. His son Hknry Law- 
KKNTE. prof of cniiiueerin); in the sii school 
of II. U . and a lirig-gen. in the civil war. 
H U. 1838, and West I'oinl (Ist in class). 
1842. 

EustiS, Gkohok, LLO. ( H.U. 1849), ju- 
rist, li. liosion, Oct. 20, 1796; d. N.Orleans, 
Dee. 2.i. 1858. H U. ISl.') Private .sec. to his 
uncle. Gov. Kustis. then minister to the IIai;uc. 
where he conimenciil his le^al studies, and laid 
the foundation of his renntrkablo pn>tieieney in 
the civil law. In 1817. he went to N. t^rleaus; 
was ailni. to the bar in 1822; was several times 
elwled to the State legist ; was sec. of St,ite. 
and, a.s a leading commissioner of the Doanl of 
Curivney, instituted n'forins which adiled sta- 
bility to the currency of the Sutc. He wils nl>o 
ativ.-i:en. of La. and a justire, and nfierwanU 
chiel-jnsticc of the Supreme Court until 1852 ; 
ineinlH'r of the Const. Conv. of 1845. 

EustiS, Wm , LL.I). (II. r. 18-2.3), physi- 
ciuii and |>olili<'ian. Ii. Cambridge. Ms.. .June 
10, 17.5.1 ; d. IJosum. Feb. 6. 1825. II. U. 1772. 
Having studied miilieiiie under Dr. Warren, 
he entered the Revol. army as a rvgiinciiial sur- 
geon, serving throiiirhoul the war in that capa- 
city, or as a hospital surgiiin, Ix'iug for some 
years stationol at the house of Cul. Beverly 
Robinson, opiHisiic West Point, in which -Ar- 
nold hud his headipiariers. After the war, he 
pracli-ed his prof in Boston, lie wns a sur- 
geon in the exjieil. against ihe insurgents un- 
der Shiiys, in 1786-7; memlH'r of the Stale 
legisl. fnjin 1788 to 1794; was two years a 
councillor under Gov. Sullivan; .M. C. ISiiD- 
S and 1820-,1; see. of war fnini 1809 until 
Huirs surrender, in 1812. when he It-signed; 
app. minister to Holland in 1815, and gov. of 
Ma. in 1824, dyin^' wlule in otiicc He in. Ca- 



roline, dau. of Wooilburv I-ang'lon of Ports- 
moiiih. N H. 

Evans, Alui-sta J., noveli<t. b. near Co- 
lumbus, Ua , 1816. When a child, her lather 
removisl to Te.\a*, re-iding in .San Antonio 
from 1847 till 1849. when the lainily settled in 
Mobile. In her 17lh year, she wrote '" luei, a 
Talc of the Alamo; " but her fame was estal>- 
lislied by her " Beiilah." in 1859. a novel of 
great ))Ower and vivid interest. Also author of 
'• St. Klino," 1866 ; " Miicuria," 1864 ; " Vasli- 
li," 1809. In 1868, she m. L. .M. Wilson, prcs. 
of Midiile anil .MoiHu'imiery Kailroiid. 

Evans, Cai.ku, I). I).. Ba|aisl minister, b. 
Bristol, Kng., 17:17 ; d. 1791. An advocate for 
the freedom of America; imb. a "Letter to 
Wesley," on his " Calm Address to the Aimr. 
Colonies," 12mo, 1775, pub. under the sig. 
vl«irri,-iiiiii.s; "Kcply to Uev, .Mr. Fletcher's Vin- 
dication of Wc-,Uy." 12mo. 1776. 

Evans, Gtonuii, lawver and senator, h. 
llnllowell. Me., .Jan. 12, 1797; d. Purthind, 
Me, Apr. 5. 1867. Bowd. Coll. 1815. Aim. 
to the bar in I SI 8. Speaker iif the house of 
represi'Uialives of Me. in 1829; M.C 1829- 
41. and U.S. senator. 1841-7. In 1849-Ao. he 
was a commiss. of the lM>tinI of claims a'.:ainst 
Mexico, and atty.-gcn. of Jlc. in 180.3, '4. "6. — 
/,<Mr„-,„. 

Evans, Sut Georoe Dk Lact, a British 
gen., b. MoiL'. Inland, 1787 ; d. Undou. Jan. 
9. 1870. Fntering the army in 18')7. he 
served in India and Spain ; and early in 1814. 
having liecome brer, lieut -col. of the .5th W.I. 
regt . he was ordered to Ainer. At llic battle 
of Bladensbung, Aug. 24, 1814, he had 2 
horses killed under him. It was be, who. at 
the head of UK) men, nciin'.; under onbrs 
fnim Gen. Boss, fon-ed the Capitol at Wash- 
iiiifion. He also took part in the attack on 
Baltimore. Dec. 23, 1814. and M;.iiin Jan. 
8, 1815, he was wounded liefore N. (JrUans. 
and was sent home. Ileret^overed jii-t in lime 
to join Weliingion ai (^lo'if finM, where airaiu 
he had 2 hor»es killed under him. He com. in 
Spain, ill 183.5-7, the " British Auxiliiry Ia-- 
gion," and since 1846 had )>ecn M. P. fiura 
Westminster. He served ns a lieut.-gvn. in 
the Crimean war, and was distiug at tiie -Miua 
-and at Inkerraiin. Author of "Fuels relating 
to the Capture of Washington," Su-., Loud., 
8vo. 1829. 

Evans, Hitch Davt, LL D.. b. Baltimore. 
1792 ; d. there 16 July, 1868. He rankisl with 
the l)est lawvers of his day. Author of " Ea- 
sily on PleiidinL'." Ball., 8vo. 1827; ".Mary- 
land Common Uiw Praetii-c,"8vo. 18.39 : "K»- 
says to prove the Validity of Au'^lican Ordina- 
tions," 12ino, 1844 ; ,se»-ond scries, 2 vols.. 
1851; " IJ.ssay on the Episco|Kitc," 12ino, 
1855. Kd. and contrib. to several Episi-. jour- 
nals. — .l/W«Mf. 

Evans, .Iiniv. M.D. (St. L. Mcil. Coll ), 

gi'olojiM, b Portsmouth, N.ll.. Feb. 14. 1^12; 
d. Washington. DC. Apr. 13. 1861. Son of 
Judge Kiihanl. He assisted in the ge«l. sur- 
veys i.f Wis., Minn , Iowa, and Neb , and at- 
tr.icied notice by his discovery and de-cription 
of a lanre dojiosit of fossil liones of extinct 
"IK-cics of mamuinlia in the mi-iii'siims j,ii,.« of 
Neb. The U.S. Uovu aooo after employed 



EVA 



311 



EVK 



i 



U;,„ upon U.ep.ol. survey of W^l.jn^onj.na 

irrcXsn..ifr^;wLfor.s,.,. 

r>porIui tlic »iii^e>>"' - 

Ma.H.orou^'1. '^'='- .'^;,<;;-67s5.: S.C. Coll. 
,8U8. He was for a t.n.c a me, 1 at » Oc k 
,.u,„C school U.r.l year ;^^au^^a«a.,^^.^ 

■1 hi'li le-a position ; in IS'A '->.""' •. 

::/^^f;.jijrs— "von:;83.i.,itiii.is 

''■^E;a^"is,ge>n:rapher«nden^..c^^^ 

i;it:.V"^^;-i^et,e,!!:!;i";^^B;i.: 

^.:nLluN.A..ando.t.eln,l.a..™..;;-- 

to Fort Fro,, tear, «;hicl. l.ail "^'^ ' '^^ ^J", ^.i 
tothe la,t.Hiuio.,o( Ins map. I' ''' . "^^^^^^^^^^ 
under tl.e title "' ' ^^o^'^'l-''^;^,, ^^: K 1 
l'olitie.,1, Pir.lo-oplii.al, and ^'■^'^■'•""'■" '-'l 
s.vs" in 17 76, Lis map wa. lepul.. will. 
iur.ea.l.li'.i<-i:^l'yUov. I'ownaU. . 

'"•Evans. N-^-"-^'«-,-.V'^"c''''.b "s a" '■ 

entered the conf«.servK-,^«-nj^^ka^^^^^^^ 

''":^au^r'r:;\::^t';^tandc.er^.nan, 
. t!i ■?!...,.. « I74>- d. G oucester 1^0.. 
VinVt .707. I'hila. Coll. 1765 Edn- 
^Ited, a merchant by his parents, he devoted 
^n sell to the Muses. Was -"»•;» ",;^"='f,^> 
,l,e Bishopof London. Returned to 1 h -i-. "^«- 
26 176.5, and entered upon ns ""^''""■;''^^:J: 
soon after. • Id'""- «".«'""?" ".,e';'°'': hi 

"S"l'oems on Several Oe—^.^^^h 
some other Pieees," wa* pub. m 1 - ,2, m fhiu. 

;^hi;rig;:^;c;iU,d:yed his m.41.tive talent 

rS:;t:^';he.nJ.yK^nd^ Tw..yc.rs 

'^"^•\!;tnr ■ "C.7S6-the obtained from the 
;:r^,r'^Md.tlpa.theexcWe^.«h|^u, 
use his improvements in Bour-mills. In 1799, 



he set about the ^'Y"'";" ,?,, ^J " ^'^ 
riaae; but, findinj; tli.a his •"-'=" -,''^;.''; 
fered materially front those in .i>o he 1 ; '^j"; ; 
and sueees.-fully applied it to imlU » , '^ 

the fiv,t steaiiwn-ine constrneied on the hv'l 
es'iire prineiplJ: In. 1 SO:W, he eons.rucied 
the ti,»t stea ,1-dred-in- maeliine use 1 n 
t.er'-lM,e.n.-..ine,;v,u^..e.;a;-;{^.^5 

:pXe^;:^i;Xn.':;.v{'--:;-;^:i:;!:: 
;ki'-r;r:::av;iiri::^^^ ,- 
^';-:L:;:';h^a;Sai^eirXne 3 : 

:it;;=:.r'ur^:fiic^^^ 

;^:i:^-^.ea!;s:f:r,.os;.n,ii..;;-ee.^^^^^ 
expeiimentstoiheest 1^'^^,^;,, _^^ 

eollo-eVoie'Uiii-aiianViewsolElmsJliek^ 
in a series of able papers 'I'.' «/■'"%-,>", 

h,' S37 e .nwi;lieaped shi,nvreek on a 
•ovi'c to Clarleston, S.b., and, Horn over- 

r""};d"^-;o;;ri^;J?';r'^s5::r-Xd: 

;^e::S Action wllh his bro.Willia,n^-'T^ 
r,iemu' Lihrarv," a coU. of th= standard rc- 
FiVious writins's of the society, in U vols. - 
^Evi:tS JKHEMi-ui, see. of the Bo.iid of 

Ij'j^oWofFotii.nMissU^ns.rom ;o 

^^::;:;;t;..:ui..of"Win^pe,..c^^^- 

"^ Evartsf WtrUANl M.VXWEI.I.. LL.D 
MTn Coll 1!<57), an eminent lawyer, son of 

iL nrecedin-', 1 Boston, Feb. 1818. l.t. 

83-' He st'udied law. at .<he Ca.nh Law 

School, and he^an .praenee in NJ- C V . ab. 

isiO He was active in the Kepuh. p.my . 

vl"the principal counsel fLf-'/^^t;".. 

his trial in the spriii;.' of 1S6S, and was aii\. 

iren of the U.S in 1868. 

^^Everard, S.k R'chaud gov. o N^C. 

i-)-,_y d. London, Feb. li, I'iJ. '"» " 

n vi Me.de of Va., theancestorof Bishop M. 
"^;^8t.R.v.CH.H.^W J«et a... 

^i^:irth^K^i^t^i:^;".^;..-".ct. 



312 



K\'K 



H 11 piil>. " Bnbvlon," n poem ; " Uarc Boll ; " 
" Mo*'* How: " " The Mcimnio ; " " Th; .Snow 
Droji;" "The i'uvu of Coiiiiweiciit." I»4.1; 
" Vi-iuii of Dui'.ih, iinil oiIut rotins." His 
IMRiu I'liiitlvil " Atrii-ulturo " is a bcitiicirul 
)>i 'iiiiv of co(iii(i-y-lile. — .1///V/0/K". 

IiVerett, ALcxASDcit Hill, LL.O (U. 
ol Vi. IS^iii), scliul.ir ami ili|ilomati6t, b. 
liostun, Miir. 19, I71K); il. Ciiiiloii, Cliiiin, 
Jiiiif 29, 1847. Il.L'. 181)6. Son of Ucv 
Oliver. He wiis an usher in I'liillips KNeler 
Aiml. ; l>e;:un to stmly law in llie offiee of J. 
Q. .Vilains, l)»»toi), in I8U7 ; iin>l wa^ a ni('inlH.'r 
uf I liu literary einli lliiit loundeil tin- .lAuir/i/y 
Aniholi'iii. Ill 1809, lie accoin|). J. Q. .\il:iin!i 
lo St. I'etcr.lairp, a^. ci/dicA/ to the lr;,niiion. 
to nliii'h he hecnino sec. in 181.>. lie visited 
En;;, ill 1811, niiil, after a >liort trip tu I'aris, 
rt.'nirneil luiiiic in I8ri, and wnucsoine political 
pieces in la^ or of the w.ir, anil apiinsi the llart- 
lonl Convention. He lieraine rliiiiy^d'all''ii'rs 
at ISru>.scls ill 1SI8; in 18:25— 9 w.i;; nlini^ter 
lu Spain, unil Iroui I84.'> tiji lii:> death was 
eoinniits. lo China. In 18P', he was sent on 
a coiitidential ini>sion lo Cuba. In I8'J9, he 
Ixx.iiue editor and prinetpal pi'u;i. of (he ..V. 
Aiiirr. AVfifif, to whiih lie ha.l lonj; liceii a 
eontiih. He invited Irviii'.; to MailritI ; made 
him an nM.it-iVto his lij;aiioii. mid eiieouiiiiied 
him In the prepauiiiui ot Ids Spanish histories. 
Ue ul-o aided .Mr. l'iVM;o;t in similar pursuits. 
.Member of ill .\N. Ie;;isl. lS3i)-5, takin;? an 
aeiive part as a Democ. pulitieian. He was 
skilled ill ilie l.ini:ua;;es mid literature of 
modern Hiiropc, us well ns philosophy, di- 
pltiin.iey, and the laws of nations. He piib. 
■■ Euro|H'." 1821; "America," 1827; "New 
Vii'ws on Po;iulation," 1822 ; a vol. of essavs 
in 184.'). and a small vol of jiocins, 1845. to 
Spark.) 's " Am. Bio^raphv," ho eontrib. Lives 
of WarriMi ami Patrick Henry. Also eontrib. 
to the A/HW/ri/.c and D>j.<lm Quaiieili/ Itc- 
firirs. 

Everett, n.ivin.joiiinalist. b. Princeton, 
Ms.. .M.ueli 2't, 177>); d. Marietta, O., Dee. 
21, ISl.i. Dartm. Coll. 1795. While teach- 
ing a grammar school at N. Ipswich, he wrote 
the famous juvenile rccilniion coinincncin);, — 

" YouM scarce expect one of my ai{« 
To s|H*ak to public on ihc sta^e," 

He studied l.iw in Boston, and wrote for 
Rusitcirs ijaztUe and Uennie's t'anmr's Must- 
u./i. His prose pa|>ers, " Common Sense in 
Di...liabille," were collected in 1799. in a small 
vol , as wa.- also his " Fanner's Monitor." He 
i-oiitrili. to a literary pa|>er, the .\7i//i/(i«/n/c, in 
1796. In 18,KI, he proiluced a trai^cdy', " l)a- 
raniel, or the Persian Patriot," acted and pub. 
at Boston in 1800. He removed to Amherst 
in 1802, where he practisol law. Uctnrning In 
Bostai in 1807, in 1809 he edited the llmlun 
fiUiliil. iiid in 1812 the P.lnl. Anlhor of an 
cs-.iy on '■ The lti};lits and I 'iities of Nations," 
and "Junius Aiiicrieaiins," in the [ktfinn Gii- 
: ''•, in deleiiec of John Adams. — I tii-icLinci- ; 
V.r M.„M„i. 

Ii70rett, Edwabd, 1,1,. D., n.C.L., wholar 
and or.itor, h. Donhcsrcr, M«., It Apr. 1794 ; 
il. U.ision, 15 .Inn. I8G5. 11. C. 1811. Son of 
Rev. (J.iver. Tutor at II.U. in 1812, and deliv- 



ered the Phi Beta Kapni jioem on Amerimn 
Poets. Ord. piutor of liie Br.ittle-st (Boston) 
Unitarian Church. 9 Kcb. 1814 : aco-pteil the 
chair of (Javk liteniiuri- at II. U. 5 .Mar 1815; 
vi.itol EiiroiH-, where lie sindieil 2 years at the 
U. of tnittiii;;vii, and inivelliil exten..ively, re- 
tumin;; in the sprint; "' 1819, and eiiierin:; 
U|ion the duties of lii< prole«sor>hip Mav 8, 
1822, he m Charlotte Cmiv, dm. of Hon. Piter 
C. Krook<, In 1824, he dclivemi >| Cain- 
bridttj an oration on Aiiier. I,iicraiiiiv, at 
which I.«fay,tte was pie-ent. M (V l82.'>--3i; 
Kov.of ,Ms.'l 810-40: inini.ster toE'i;;. in 1841- 
5; prt-s II.U. 1846-9; «<•. id' State, n» siiccrn- 
sorof Daniel Welwier, Nov. 1852- .M ir. IS-M, 
ami U..S. senator fro n that time until his re- . 
tiix'inent to private life on accutintof ill health, 
in .May. 1854. He sulweqiicnily wrote and lec- 
tured with Kf^'i" success in iK-iiall of the Mt. 
Vernon Fund, for the purchase of the homo 
and burial-place of \Vashin::toii, ihai it mi);ht 
thenceforth lieloti.' to the American people, 
lie was the candidaic, in I860, of the party of 
conciliation and compnimi>e, for ilic vice-pres- 
idency. The Bi'II and Everett ticket, however, 
liail but .ig electoral votes. Afier the Uelicllion 
bc„iin, he i;ave all his influence ami cnen.'ies to 
the support of the Fcilcnil (lOvt. Though a 
remarkable e.\.imple of varieil culture, Mr. 
Everett is ln-st known by htj orations aiitl nd- 
dressi'S. whidi an- inoilels of lt.hv and cle^.TtU'-o 
of style. His liisioricnl efforts are of |;n-at 
value. Duriii;; his icrtn as !;ov. of .Ms., llie 
Board of Ediicniioii was or;:anii».il, normal 
schools founded, and s< ientific and a:;i'icultur.\l 
surveys of the State were estab.i.hiil. He 
visitol Europe a second time in I84»-I, and 
was in 181.1 app. mini>ter to China, but de- 
clined. .Vs minister to En;: , his niaiin:;vinent 
of affairs of (jfreat delicicy and iiniKirluncc, 
such as the S'ttlemcnt of tir: nortli-unstem 
Ixnndary.and ihc McLeol and the Ciijolccasc*, 
reflected the hi;;hest cn-dit n|Hin his abilities. 
Ill Conirix'ss, he op|iosed the policy i-f removing 
the Indians without their c\nisi>ni, and ailvncat. 
ed Iree tride He was one of the curly editors 
of the .V. .1. Hrririr, to which he ivntrib , 
nmoiig other important artic'es,ihatoii Nullili- 
ration, in Oct. 18.10 In this pcrolical be sur- 
cessfullv rindicaicd American principles and 
insiilutuiiis a:;ainst airowd of B'iti>h iravel- 
lera and authors, who were cndeavorinjt to 
brine them into contempt. His coiitnlm. to 
the .V. >'. Leilijrr in 1858 were afierwani coll., 
and pub. as "The Mount Venion Paiiers." 
His siH-cchcs and iuldre.*.*9 were i-oll. and pub. 
in 4 vols., 8vo. Me recciveil the di-jn-c of 
D.C.I, from ilic Universitie;. of Oxiord and 
C.iinbrid;;e. He was the intimate friend of 
^Yebslcr, and wrote the best Life extant of 
that disiiii:;iiishc<l man, whoso iiilleclcd writ- 
in;ri he edited. — S?r Mtmoir nf Eifrtit, Ihitl., 
1865; G'.A/€-ii Mt of Amf! Oivlnni. 1857; 
CInifncter ami t'lmnidrriMic Mm, E, I'. ll7ii/»- 

Everett, Horaci;. I.LD., Inwvcrand pol- 
itici.in, b |.-8;i: d. WiiuUir. Vi., Jan. .10, 
1851. Brown U. 1797. He was siii-ec»ful in 
his iiractice at Wind-or; was in the State 
Icfisl. in 1819-211, 1822-4. nnd 18.14; Stalc- 
alty. for Windsor Co., 1813-17 ; a prumiiieol 



EWB 



313 



K"WI 



mcinbr-r <if the State Const. Conv. of IS28, 
aiul .M.C. ISi'9-4;). He distinu;. himself in 
CoiiL'i'''>s 1)V Ilis zeal in beh:ilf of the Imliun*. 

Ewbank, Thomas, writer on praf-iiial ine- 
chanii-, I). U;ini:iril Castle, Durham, Eult., 
iMareh 11. 1792 ; d. New York, Sc|it. 16, 1S70. 
At I'!, he >vas apprenticed to a tin and copper 
smith ; emi^ratjil to New Vork ah. 1819, and 
in 1820 commenced the inaniif. of metallic tub- 
in:; there, from wliieh business he retired in 
1836 to devote himself to literary and scien- 
tific iiursuits. lu 1842, he pub. " Desciiptive 
and Historical Account of Hvdr.iulie and other 
Macliines." In 18+.i-G, he visited Brazil, of 
which he pub. an account in 18.56, eniiiled 
"Life in Brazil." Conimiss. of patents from 
1849 to I8.i2. He pub. .lunnnal report^, also a 
work entitled "The World a Workshop," 18:j5; 
"Thouiihtson Matter and Force," 18.'>S; "Re- 
miniiccuces in the Patcut-Otfice," 1859, and a 
variety of essays on the philosoj)hy and his- 
tory of inventions in the "Transactions of the 
Franklin Institute." His " E.\perimcnts on 
Marine Propulsion, or the Virtue of Form in 
Propelling.' Blades," was reprinted in Europe. 
As a member of the commission to examine 
and report upon the strcii;;th of the marbles 
oflTcred for the extension of the National Capi- 
tol, he discovcrid the method of greatly in- 
creasing; the re-i-tinj; [iowcr of building stones. 
Foniidcr of the Eilinolo;.'ieal Society. 

Ewell, Bts.rAMix S., instructor, b. D.C., 
nb. ISlii. Wc.-t Point, 18.32. Enterin- the 
4th Art., he was assist, prof of math, at West 
Point, 1S:J2-.'); of nat. philos. 18:!5-6, and re- 
si;;ned .•?() Sept. 18.i6; assist, en^r. Bait, and 
Susq. Eailroad, 18.36-9; prof, math., Ilamp. 
Sid. Coll., Va.. 1839-12; prof. math, and 
millt. science, Wash. Coll., Lexinirton, Va., 
1846-8; prof, math., and acting president, Wm. 
and Mary Coll., Va., 1848-9; prof. math, and 
nat. science since 1849, and pres. since 1854. — 

Ewell, Richard Stoddard, lieut.-ircn. 
C.S.A., b. D.C. ab. 1820. West Point, 1840. 
Entcrin;; 1st Dragoons, he was brev. capt. for 
pallantry at Contreras and Churubuseo, Aug. 
20, 1847; capt. Aug. 4, 1849; disting. in bat- 
tle with Apaches, in N. Mexico, June 27, 1857; 
resigned >Iay 7, 1861 ; emeri;d Confed. service; 
made l)rii;.-gen. ; took part in the action at 
Blackburn's Ford, July 18, 1861 ; and at Bull 
Run, com. the extreme right; afterward maj- 
gen., and led a corps in the army of Va., and 
was at the battles of White-oak Swamp and 
Cedar Mountain. lie accomp. Lee in his 
movement against Pope, Aug. 1862, and Aug. 
27 was defeat, d by Hooker at Kettle Run, near 
Manassas .Junction. He was in the battles near 
Bull Run. Aug. 28-30, and also in the suc- 
ceeding Md. campaign, in which he was severe- 
ly wounded. On the death of Stonewalljack- 
>on, be w IS, at his request, made a lieut.-gcn. 
May 23, 1863, and a-si^ned to the 2d corps; 
witii it he fonght at Winchester, Gettysburg, 
Rud during the first day of the battle of the 
Wilderness, May. 1864, and in the subsequent 
o|ieraiions of the campaign, at one timeeomg. 
the dcpt. of Henrico ; captured by Gen. Sheri- 
dan, April 6, 1865, near the Appomattox 
River. 



Ewen, William, Rcvol. patriot, b. Eiig. 
ab. 1720; d Ga. soon after the Revol. He 
came to Ga. about 1734 as an apprentice to 
the Trustees; was one of the earliest and most 
active of the Revol. leaders of Ga. ; a member 
of the eonncil of safetv ; and, as first pres. of 
the exec, council, performed the duties of gov. 
in 1775.— Ga. Hist. ColU., 199. 

Ewing, Chahles, LL.D. (JelT. Coll.), 
jurist, b. Burlington Co., N.J., Julv 8, 1780; 
d. Trenton, Aug. 5, 1832. N..J. Coll. 1798. 
Son of J.imes Ewing, commiss. of loans for 
N.J ; a Revol. patriot. Adm. to the bar in 
1802, he practised at Trenton with success; 
became a counsellor in 1812, and from 1824 to 
his d. was chief-justice of N.J. — See Nat. 
Port. Gall., vol. ii. 

Ewing, JamivS, general, b. Lancaster Co., 
Pa., 1736 ; d. at his seatiu llellam township in 
March. 1806. He accomp. Braddock's exped. 
in 1755 ; July 4, 1776, he was elected a brig.- 
gen. of L'a. militia, and bad a part assigned 
him in the surprise of Trenton, but was pr&- 
veui(;d, by the ice and a high wind, from cross- 
ing the Delaware as previously arranged. Vice- 
prcs. of Pa. under Pies. Dickinson in 1782-5, 
and was several times member of the State 
Icgisl. His name has been variously given as 
Irvine, Irwin, and Erwing. — fjosshiq. 

Ewing, John, D.D. (Edinb. U. 1773), 
scholar and ilivine, b. E. Nottingham, Md., 
June 22, 1732; d. Phila., Sept. 8, 1802. N.J. 
Coll. 1754. His cmig. ancestors came from 
Ireland, and settled on the banks of the Sus- 
quehanna. Tutor in N. J. Coll., then instructor 
in philos. ii^ the Phila. Coll., and on its being 
made the U. of Pa., in 1779, became provost, 
holding the position until his death. He be- 
came pastor of the 1st Presb. Church, Phila., 
in 1759 ; risited Eng. in 177.3-5 tocollect funds 
for the acad. at Newark, Del. ; vice-pres. of 
the Philos. Society, to who^e "Transactions" 
he made several contribs. He was a commiss. 
to run the boundary-line of Del., and to settle 
the boundaries h.tween Ms. and Ct., and be- 
tween Pa. and Va. His learning was various 
and jirofound, and as a preacher he was highly 
popular. His collegiate lectures on nat. phi- 
losophy, with a biog. by Rev. R. Patterson, 
(2 vols., 1809), and a vol. ot his sermons with 
a memoir, were pub. in 1812. — Spraijue. 

Ewing, Thomas, I/L.D., lawyer and states- 
man, b. near West Liberty, Ohio Co.,Va., Dec. 
28, 1789. Oliio U. 1815. George, his father, 
a Revol. officer, one of the founders of Ames- 
town, O., d. Ind. ah. 1830 He received his 
early education cliicHy from an elder sister, and, 
with his father's hirriily, settled in the wihls 
of Ohio, ab. 1792. In'l814, he was a school- 
teacher. He studied law, and was adm. to 
the bar in 1816 ; was a U.S. senator from O. 
from 1831 to 1837 ; sec. of the treasury under 
Harrison in 1841 ; sec. of the interior under 
Pres. Taylor in 1849, and U. S. senator in 
1850-1. 1). Oct. 26, '71 , in Lancaster, O In the 
U.S. senate, he supported the protective system 
of Clay ; reported a bill from the com. on post- 
offices' which in 1835 resulted in the re-orjran- 
ization of tbcdept. He actively defended Tay- 
lor's administration, did not vote for the fugi- 
tive-slave law, helped to detljat Clay's com- 



E"W^ 



314 



FAl 



promiae bill, n>lvocatv<l river ami h.irlior appro- 
priaiiunii, n reiliu-iiuii uf |iO!<ia;re, niul ilic bI)"!!- 
tion ul oluvvrv in llic l>i«tr>i't ul Ci>liiiiilii:i. 
While »<•<•. of ilic inierior, lie ori;iiiiizi'<l the 
(It'pi. Dirtcrins; witli hit party on the slavery 
(lut'siioii, !■>.' Icli tliccubiiict ill july,l8'>U. Mr. 
Kviiug's cvlrbi ity lu a lawrvniml public i!|>e»kiT 
cquaU his n'piitntiuii lu a uliiioinaii. Dcle- 
pulc to tlio iK'iice lOiiviMilioii. 1861. — A/i/Jrlon. 

Ewing, 'I'lioM-is. Jiiii., hiwyer, son of thu 
jirccinlin;;. Ii. LHiK-ii^ti-r, ()., 7 Auj:. 1829. KJ- 
iiciiied HI lirown U. unj at Ciii. L.iw Silioul, 
1855; private »i-c. to Pros. Taylor. 184'.t-5U. 
Uo bewail practice in Cincin , bni in 1S56 re- 
moved to Leavenworth. K». : mcinln'r Leav. 
Const Coiiv. ; chicf-jii»lii'e of Ks. 1861-2; col. 
Illh K.s. Inl' 15 Sept. 18C2 ; bri;;.-;ri'n. 12 .Mar. 
1863. Joinin;; Gen. Blunt, he took part in the 
baitlesol Fort Wayne, Cane Hill, I'rairic Gruvc, 
aiul Van liuren ; coni. the dist. of the Horder, 
June, 1 8l>,3-Kt-)i. 1864, then took command of 
S. IC. Mo., and male a t;;illani ti;:lit.at Pilot 
Knob, Mo., a;.':iin9t the attack of Uen. Price, 
27 .Sept. 1864, making |j;ood his retreat to Uolla, 
and receiviM;; the brev. of maj.-;.'en. He has 
prnciiicd law in Wa9liin;,ton, D.C, riuce the 
war. 

Exmouth, Kdwaud Pellkw, Viscount, 
an iiuin.nt liiiii^li ailin., 1>. Dover, 19 April, 
1757 ; <l. IVi-nniouili, 2:1 .Jan. 18.1.3. He en- 
tered ilie navy in 1770; joined " The Blonde," 
fri;;ate, which sailed to the relief of Qiicboc, 
and in the srbooner " Cai leton " distiii;;. him- 
self in the haitic, 11 Oet. 1776, on Lake Cham- 
plain, with the llotilla of Arnold, whom he 
came near making.' hii prisoner. In com. uf a 
party of seamen, he rendereil f^reat assistance 
to the army of Bur^oyno in its dilfieull advance 
to Saraioira, and was sent home with despatch- 
es, and pro'noied. His brother John was aide- 
de-cainp to Gen. Phillips, and wa." killed in this 
cam|>iii;;n. .Made post-capl. May 31, 1782; 
kni<,'hted 5 Mar. 1796, lor service-* in the war 
a<:ainst France; made rear-adm. 18ii4 ; anni- 
hilated the Dut' b naval force in the K. Indies 
in 1806; made Uaniu Exmouth and adm. of 
the Blue in 1814, and 26 Aii^'., 1816, attacked 
Algiers, destroying the entire Al;:erine navy, 
rompellini.' the submission of the dey, the lib- 
eration of 1,200 captives, and the payment of a 
lart'e sum of money. For this service he was 
inaile a vi.-count; vicc-adm. of Eng., 15 Feb. 
18.12. 

Fairbanks, Kbastus, manufacturer, and 
pov, ot Vi. 1852-3 and 1860-1, b. Brimlield, 
Hf., Oct. 28, 171)2; d. St. Johnshiiry, Vt., 
Nov. 20,1864. He bail a commun-si'bool edu- 
cation ; tiiuijht sclio<d in St. Johnsbury, Vt. ; 
cnpised in llU'■ilie^s witli moderate success, and 
in 1825 formed a partnership with his younger 
bro. for the inanuf. of platform scales. The 
enterprise proved extraordinarily successful ; 
and thi'ir scales attaineil a world-wide reputa- 
tion. MeinlK-r of the Kxisl. in 1836-8; pres. 
of the PiLssumpsic and Ct. Kivcr U.K. Co. in 
1849. 

Fairchild, Lcctca, (.-cv. Wis. i86f>-7, 

sec. of Siaie, 1864-5, b. Franklin Mills, Por- 
taui- Co., t)., 27 Dec. 18.11. Lieut.-<'ol. 2d Iowa 
Inf. June. 1861 ; capt. 16th U. S. Inf 5 Aur. 
1861 ; com. an Iowa rvgu in McClcllaa's and 



Pope's campaigns, and became brig. -gen. volj. 
5 Aug. 1861. 

FairfElX, Rkyas, Sth and last l>an>n of the 
name, h. al>. 17.lii ; d. .Mount Ea;;le, ne^r Cam- 
eron, Aug. 7, 1802. Third .«on of the Hot. 
Col. William Fairfax, pres. of the Council of 
Va., anil resided at Towl>ton Hall, Fairfax Co., 
though, tor some time during the latter part of 
bis lile, ho was an Epis. clergyman at Alexan- 
dria. An atfeeiionate inicRoiirso exi.>ted l>c- 
Iwi'en him and Washington throughout life, 
nutwithstaniling bis lieing a I.«yali>l. ilo 
succeedeil to the title on the denih of liolt- 
ert, 7th I.iord Fairfax, in 1731. Gi:orue Wii,. 
LtAli, his bro., the early ciim|>anion ami as- 
sociate of Washington, d Bath, Eng.. 1737, 

a. 63. Uii the death of his I'aiher in 1757, ho 
smi'ceded to his estate, in. a daii. of Col. Carey 
of Hampton, i>ecamc a ineinlHT of the council, 
and lived at Belvoir. In 1773, he went to Eiij;. 

Fairfax, Dksald McN'., capt. L'.S.X., 

b. Va , -Vug. 10, 1822. .Mid-Oiipm \a^. 12, 
1837; lieut. Feb. 26. 1851; om. July Ifi, 
1862; c.ipi. .July 25, 1866. During the "Mex- 
ican war served under Dupont on the we<t 
coast of Mexico and Cil., and was nt the 
capture of several towns. Com. steam gun- 
lioat •' Cayn.-ii." West Gulf sijuad., 1862-3 ; on 
the Lower .Mpi. from June, H62, to Feb. I8C3, 
under Farragnt : .S.A. block, squad., 1861, 
com. .'.learners " Nantucket " and " Montauk " 
in several attacks on defence, of Charltston 
harbor, umler Dupont and Dahlgren; com. 
naval acail. 1864-5; com. fliig>hip " Rlioda 
Island." N'.A. s<inad., 1866-7. and steam-«loop 
" .Su-i|uebanna, ' 1807-8. — llnnifrtlj. 

Fairfax, Thomas, 6th lord and baron of 
Cameron, the Irieml and patron of Washing- 
ton's early life, b. Eng., 1091 ; d. at his se.-u 
at Greeiiway Court, Kredcrick Co., Va., Dec. 
12, 1781 ; xon of Thomas, Lunl Fairfax, 
and of Catliiirinc, dau. of I.'inl Ciil|«'mT. 
Educated at Oxforil, and afterward- licid a 
coinini-sion in the Blues. A contributor to 
Ad'lisun's "S|)ii'tator." .Siuvitiling to the 
title and to the family estate-^ in Vil, inhcriti'd 
from bis iiioiher, K-twivn the llapiKihannock 
and Potomac Rivers, ami a great |iurtiun of the 
Shenandoah Valley, he settled in Va. in 1745, 
Bsing his residence a few miles from Win- 
chester. Ilere he lived in a style of lilwral 
hospitality, freipiently indulging in the diver- 
sion of the cliiiM!. In 1748, he made iho 
acquaintance of Wa.shington, then a voutli of 
16, and, impre-sed with his energy anil talents, 
cmployeil biin to survey bis lands lying west 
of ihc Blue liidgc. riioiigh a frank and 
avowed Liiyali>t, he was ne»er insulted or 
m<deste<l by the Whigs. His barony and 
iinnieiisc doniiin. consisting of 5,2*83,000 
ocres, desceiiiled to his only surviving bro., 
Hubert. 7tli lord, who d. at I,<.-eds Castle, 
Eng., in 1791 ; but, as the domain was in 
|M>ssc.s»loii (if Lord Thomas during the Rcvol., 
It was coiilivated. 

Fairfield, GcNEricri: Gexlvra, dan. 
of Simmer L., b. N. Y., 1832. Author of 
" Gencvra, or the History of a Portr.iit," " The 
Vii-c Presideni'» Dauglilcr," "The Wife of Two 
Uusbands," " The Innkeeper's Dau;;lilcr." 



F^^Jt 



315 



FAJsr 



Fairfield. Johs, lawyer and statesman, 
b. Saco. Me.. Jan. 30, 1797; d. Wasliinslon. 
Dec. 24, 1847. He received a common school 
education ; practised law in his native town : 
became distinu'. ; was in 1832 app. reporter of 
decisions of the Supreme Judicial Court ; was 
M.C. in 18.J5-9; gov. of Me. in 1839-40, 
1842-3; and U.S. sen. from 1843 to lii« d. 
Author of " Supremo Court Reports," 1835-7, 
3 vols., Svo. 

Fairfield, Sum.vkr Lincoln, poet, b. 
Warwirk. M.v, June 25, 1803 ; d. N. Orleans, 
Jlurch C, 1844. He studied at Brown U. 
Was two years a tutor at the South, and, 
determining to lead a literary life, sailed for 
Lond. in lice. 1825. His poem, " The Cities 
of ilie Plain," ap|)cared in the Oriental Herald, 
and at Versailles he wrote " Pere la Chaise" 
and " Westminster Abhev." Returning in 
July, 1826, he soon after piib. " The Sisters of 
St. Clara," followed in 18.30 by " Abaddon " 
and other ]>oenis. Haviii;; m. Miss Jane 
Frazec of K iliw.iy, N.J., he j;aineil a pre- 
carious subsistence by writing for the press, 
until placed by some friends at the head of 
Newtown Acad., ab .30 miles from Pliila. 
The aciidental drowning of one of hi< pupils 
threw snch a gloom over him, that he gave 
up his situation, and removed to N.Y. By 
the exertions of his wife in soliciting sul)- 
scriptions, |iriniipally in Boston, 1829-32, he 
was enabled to pul). in 1832 a new foem, 
" The La.-t Night of Pompeii." He also pub. 
" Lavs of Melpomene," 1824; and " The Heir 
of lite World," &c., 1829. From 1833 to 
1838, he pub. the .V. Aiiier. Mar/nzine. In 1846, 
Mrs. Fairliild issued a small vol. containing a 
life of hor husliand, from her pen, and a few 
of his poems. He excelled as an instructor in 
history and belles-lettres. A vol. of his poems 
was publishiil in 1841 — Dui/clcinrk. 

Fairman, David, Ricu.\rd, and Gideon, 
engravers ol I'bila. ; d. respectivelv, Aug. 19, 
1815, a. .33 ; Dec. 1821, a. 34; anil March 18, 
1827, a. 51. 

Falcon, Gen. Ju.vn Chkistomo, Pres. 
of Venezuela in 1863 and 1865, b. Caracas; 
d. Martinque, May, 1870. He had been a 
successful soldier, and was elected vice-pres. in 
1861. In Aug. 1868, he was compelled to 
resign by the revolutionists under ilona- 
gas. 

Fales, Mrs. Almir.v L., philanthropist, b. 
N.Y.; d. Washington, U.C., Nov. 8, 1868. In 
mature life, she rqjnoved to la., whence she 
went with her husband, Joseph T. Fales, to 
Washington, where he had a situation as ex- 
aminer in the patent-office. When the civil 
war broke out, she entered a]MM the care of 
sick and wounded soldiers. At Pittsburg Land- 
ing and other Western battle-fields, Mrs. Fales 
actively ministered to the wounded and dying 
soldiers. The govt, placed an ambulance at 
her command, and with this, laden with stores, 
she vi.sitcd the hospitals and the fields of battle. 
Wherever she appeared, the brightness of her 
smile, and the cheerful tone of her voice, at 
once dispelleil gloom and despondency. For 
some time, .Mrs. Fales was charged by the govt, 
with the superintendence of the sick ami 
wounded sent trom the hospitals ia and around 



Washington to the hospitals in N.Y and else- 
whi'rc. 

Faneuil (formerly popul. pron. FQn'-el), 
Pkter, a liberal Boston merchant, b. of a 
French Huguenot familv, New Roehelle, N.Y., 
17U0; d. Boston, Marcli 3, 1743. In 1740, at 
a public meeting, he offered to build a suitable 
edifice for a public market-honse, at his own 
cost, as a gift to the town. The building, com- 
menced in Dock .Square in Sept. 1740, and fin- 
ished in 1742, comprised a market-house on the 
ground-floor, and a town-hall, with other rooms 
over it. In 1761, it was destroyed by fire ; in 
1763, it was rebuilt by the town ; and in 1775, 
during the British occupation of Boston, it was 
used for a theatre. In 1805, it was altered and 
enlarged. During the Revol. periol, it was the 
usual place of meeting of the patriots ; and, 
from the stirring debates and important resolu- 
tions which were often heard within its walls, 
it gained the name of " the cradle of Americau 
liberty." — i<rai-e's IJisl. of Boston. 

Fannin, Col. James W., Texan revolu- 
tionist, b. N. C. ; killed at Goliad, March 27, 
1836. f)ct. 28. 1835, he defeated a greatly su- 
peiior Mexican force near Bexar, and was soon 
after proTnoted by Gen. Houston, col. of artillery 
and in^p.-gen. Attacked, March 19, at the Co- 
leta River, by a large Mexican force under 
Gen. Urrca, the Texans defende<i themselves 
with spirit until night, and ixmewed the battle 
on the 20th ; but, the Mexicans having been 
recntbrced, a capitidation was signetl,liy which 
it was agreed that the Texans should be treated 
as prisoners of war, and, as soon as possible, sent 
to the V. S. Having surrendered their arms, 
on the 26th an order was received from Santa 
Ana, requiring them to be shot. At daybreak 
the following morning, the prisoners, 357 in 
number, were accordingly shot. Fannin was 
the last to suffer. 

Fanning, Alex. C. W., lieut.-col. U. S. A., 
b. Ms., 1788; d. Cincinnati. O., Aug. 18,1846. 
West Point, 1812. Lieut. 3d Art. March, 1812; 
capt. March 13, 1813; severely wounded at 
capture of York, U. C, April 27, 1813; dis- 
tiug. in repulse of British naval forces, St. 
Lawrence, Nov. 2, 1813; brev. maj. for gallant 
conduct in defence of Fort Erie, Aug. 15, 1814; 
acting insp.-gen. in Jackson's div., April 1, 
1818 ; maj. 4th Art. Nov. 3, 1832; brev. col. 
for gallant and meritorious conduct in battle, 
near the Onithlacoochie, and in defence of Fort 
Mellon, Fla., Feb. 8, 1837 ; lieut-col. 4th Art. 
Sept. 16, 1838. 

Fanning, David, a Tory despcr.ido of 
N. C. during the Revol., b.Wake Co., N.C., ab. 
1756; d. Digby, N.S., 1825. A carpenter by 
trade, he led a vagabond life, trading with the 
Indians. In 1781, Fanning, having been robbed 
by a party of men who called themselves Whigs, 
joined the Tories, collected a small band of des- 
iwradoes,. laiil waste the settlements, and com- 
mitted frightfcd -atrocities, for which he was 
rewarded by Major Craig, the British com. at 
Wilmington, with a commission of lieut.-col. 
of militia. By the rapidity and secrecy of his 
movements, be succeeded in capturing many 
jjroniincnt Whigs, hanging those who had in- 
curcd his personal resentment. At one time, 
be dashed into the Tillage of PittaUirough, 



S16 




«ishl»««afe 




ITW, 



talk. Gar. B«tc 



■» Sc iofai. S-Bs, wtere he hecaiw 
• •ertbcr af ikeAsKabiT. Semtemtet mke 
hm^Bi fm Oft ^k. \mk. he cki^ iraa pm- 

» M»»M » g . E*srs», IXJ>. ( T. C lanL 
WnteTkUMzbba^ I7S7; 4, f — i , Fek 
29. IMS. T.C'lTaT. aaa af Coi. 
SenfcrfwabvTKrat ffia<«Mweh.S.C; 

■e paaafar. .\f^ caL af Ooa^ Cil is 
a^ ■ I7e dofc af ihe Siw ii tC— n. 
He 
</ Go*. TijM. aai nmm » 
■r>»iiA»jiiM ■• [he pesyle hf his 
chxsni far ksai «aTice>.aBi hr kat sal ■■ 
fms a RhoJiM ^wiwT ihe' 
Faf the i.aiL_fla4na ftrv^ncr 
the jt^K ^J.' T* 
he aecnaipL Gar. Trnn » 5. T.. at aec. la 
I77I. B»»iag lai t \i\tutW afnSti t» the SJC 
leeW. far rqyaraoea far '»»'■>> fca» * iiiailiia 
af hat p wm t ni . tSar aataaaaaadr ufjtao i Ae 
fKOCnik, Ml fdhafced the sar. far p« m »l i « 4 
■.thafii ^ i u aiththe B, * * ! af ihe h a ie. " 
la IT7^ he leeBwrf fai» ihe i h ai i h Ga»T.the 
: af iMii.iai ".la . a* a leaaeri 
■•<faaeiiaS:C. la ITTChe 
I. "The Eiae'* Aatneaa Best 
a^ F««; 

riCT lava 

.After ifae «ar. he acac m 
Smw S-no^tf staeh he kaame caaa iTnr 
1^ faaa-XH^. Sefc », ITS!; aad Cna I7«S 
aad he watt m Eag.. ■■ ISK. aw par. of 
FHaee Eriasiri Uaai. Mji^pem. m Oit Bht- 
■h arav ia ITM. EeM...feB. ITSS, eea. IMS. 
Bi ia Bail III a m S. C. aa* ever after a lah- 
jBcs ac f^EKS ^ ai^L- Be aaa aa aMe ^■■s 



. iheU^i 

■, HSSKT T . I 

h. Eae. : 4l Charieagaa. S-C~ «h. 1»M. a. 4S. 
Eaignnap B carir Efa «• CharhMaa.he ca- 
gac^* " aawddai panaMa, afaervara v^ 
■a n J m S.T.,aheR he xafied aefiriae 
aa4er Db. Fnarii aa< Diiirk; aaa gnd. at 
dhe CaO. ml Fhvt. aa4 Sai>eaa* ia 18*1. aad 
pnoiael at Cfcali iia aatS ha 4ea*. Ia 
ISISt. he pah. -laasBaanaa. the Marias'* 
DRa^ir aa4 athar ^WflBL- •^t^yetmiet. 

Ttemer, Joms, a attkaatd ^farala^iit 
aia4 ■ari|Mr». h. Cte^afcri. SU, Jaae IS. 
1739 : 4. Caarari. S-B^ Amg. II, I8SL la- 




Mcaher aT Tariaaf Mat. aa4 Et. hoAea. aa< at 
thelnearkii4eaA.«a» cancapL aee. af the 
XJL HiK. SaeietT. aT a^h he aaa aae aTtha 
^m fMatao&m acre aaaera^: 
t aoK aapariaac af ihea are la* 
t*a^ ml Bdkmf'* " IBit. af 5. H^* aid 
Us "Ciaiaiauiril BerMer af the Fira Set- 
ties arS«w bg.,'* 189. a aart afTan 'dhar 
aa4 leaeaach. He pah d>a a Baaarr af 
IWinii 1. I8K; of Jwfaiir. ISaO; aa4 
"Caaiatraf X. O," isg. teiifci Ua caa- 
■ la iiiiiiai B> the *■ Hm. Cotb." U the Hm. 
Socieae* af lb. aad 5.H., aai a» the Amtr. 
Omii^ fty ju ■• aa4 he was aba the eaaa- 
pOer afthe 'S.H. BezMer." Ia l^ •■ 
" J. B. Mmn, ta^^ he ee» 
■eacei the CoBl HHcBioB^ Topoe^ ic, of 
S: H^ af ahkh « mia. acre pak 

FJBnhaill, Eliz& W. iBraHACSl.phflaa- 
*iip«n mai aathar, h. g. aiaitgnJHr, S.T.. 
Sar. IT. ltI3; 4. S.T. Oct. Dee. IS, I8H. 
Ia IS», (he acat la IIL, aak IB ISM aat m. 
there taThiaij J. Fii liia la I§4l,*e 
■u wa tJ ta S.T., aa4 aatfaapimjiJ ia TMciai; 




faJUUBSL Gacaasr, a. Ti 

-p IliihiJ if ~ 

ECairaf the Ar^aitnt, S~<ak, AvaL Caa- 
sAl aa i jti a aj fv^ jaanaia. — IfTiei' 

Vtesw^ TacMua, ILD., a C r 
pfcraeaaa aa4 aehaiar. h. Qwter. ITM; 4. 
there I>>f^ II. IftT. H-C KK. ILD.afihe 
C- aT E.ftabL, ahere he gpg hit ulaalli Ihnii 
#■ ** CttovBL He RnsM iSMc vnn m 
Loadaa. hac ia ISII aeoiet la Qaehec ahoe 
he aaa has a leafiae paanatiaaer. — Mm^ m 

Vwaikej, akasm. k g awMia t, SLH. 

SUBT VQtfV CHMF 4( flBS CWOnfek S^ tBC 

£an« %i^Srm. a aiiihl. aaaaiaed hf the 
peaa af the Caeaarr-zirU there. AaAar af 
-SheaitaMi db^ Soaarf,' I»«;,aa4 'Jfiai 
aaaaas (he SpnaCea." a a 111 riua 6a« Ac 
^<*n»' O^-rmrt. wish aa laoarf. hr Chariea 
K.!.'.-"^ ^ Laa4.. ma.— J , M— ^ 

Fsrter, Ifaga^n, aa aerrre B e waL hafcr. 
k Vwh, )l<u. in* ; 4.dKreJaaeW. I7W. 
SciO^ reaaaaleafaai^aeahcrof iheGcaeral 
Caan ; <i(t^)ae w the Pnr. Caapcaa ia 1774- 



-Life ia Pi^ie 
•CriraiailJarit- 
la I*«9.*eawc8a- 
metmA with the Ia«. far the Biad ia Bawaa. 
Sb aaa ia CM. frmm IMS (a IS3C. ahea Ae 
liiwaiitaX.r.,aa<pat ? Cafifataia ia Oaan 
aai aac." She ihea warfri i n tiriaf S reaaiL 
la IK*. Ae aeeaaiaeA a weietT w aij a4 



p a aai et 4c« 
WcaLaali 



lakh 

large aia>rn of thea. She pahu ia ie» 

"Mr Esir Dan,''aa< ii iin ii il i n xmnU 

tmCmL fhe-Eeaaf Waaea,''alB» pahLhr 

her (t«W|. neaaei af aacial icfaraa ia the 

puiraia aa^ tfahM af aa ■ »■ — Ctmf limil 

•Pumham " Rcr. LcTBBa, h. C aa art, 

•It. DX:. ISI7; Aa4. Sem. 

'.he Caac Chaeh, SanhfcU. 

y .-.4 far 

Ad SaeTli^^ : 
Geacnd Theai. Lahoiy a* 



>-.AJi 317 F^JJ 

miaiiieriil. e'irorli". ar i :-:J:rr '.£.>:r5, 5e ias exbb 1 55S to >I " - " ■ ■ - -' --^ 

ra^. a - G ir?« a: Pr;-a:e I^ rir-'es." :»i5; ctf-s-v - Brot ■ 

s^i h«5 rrrp. a " tii>:. c:' lb-. Ms. H:r-_ S>:-~ i-erss <rf liie cs • . 

Va- mhaTTi, Rilph. £ "-.l^kr ;■: lirr r.f---- ij~T!>e Har:: - 

bL Ltriati-j. Mr_ J-..I :. i::--: ; i.A;-:-. Mr-, A:t-;-^_- s: die Uuli ■.: 

Dec i6. ";5-6!. s. IC'r >7?. 5 ~i. ;? Ilt-. »l :_r •Veraai, Oalf V;. 

ITisj. bt ^:::ri a: Ac:.-'=. Mr . .:" ■" ',:- .jtt-- ii-e M.L it; Mar . ir .. 

Tired :-i B.^r^!; :- t.'c:. li-6.. ; iri a c-:z:-e--: ie^iroTred a f :-- 

»»«STT_r: ";.;3 a: T.-e:i-;r: Tr3T f. rwo bearr bai.-.- - 

"Pa mHarrij TsosLi? J_ irareJei. fa»sfaST»d of i&at day li- cltj _ 

of E.aa ^V_ ^,. V:.. ;^.li ; i. Ci^_ S«]ic ISiS. g«i ifcea f co»e3ed lo V 

A ^iTxer bv proies^-c-a. In 1 SL?. beo^aaiaed jaanioa witi F>g-Of; 

; - :^J a sinali <s;>e>L acrc»£ jhe aootaeat lo la ndvcc ; bai wie anars :i^ , 

''-.on. He scat lo CaL i^ saae jear, lad jiAb '» la ii»d-fate to co-eperL: 

-. .vjred ibf rdease of a iai^ anbo- of recen-edi^ibaakfof lx^bgsi>- 

A:3;fic!ia aiM lJi::IS>ii pn^ooers of v^ Mesi- a»d (» ile re-orgasszaaoa c: 

caa Gors. In i>s2, he pah. ~ TraT^s is 1&, 1362. was pdaieed aist o> : 

•?'r?:rr^ T.-t-^t.-t:" ia 1S45, " Trareli ia aamirais. Wajie ia coa. ol : 

- i> ja tbe Padac;" "A 5a tin ioSkmiag aaiama, be c 

:^-««f( BoBBdaiy-Laae," OiTi<:i. SiaiaBc Fas£. sad O. 

'gn^T, Pco}ile.'aad la- 14, iMS,iB lu;Sa|;-^ap''Hxr: 

.: ~ abe baaetis ai IWt Hudno, i. 

Fi; v-jiMis FRismy.D.D- auad of ite river bainees ■ 

{Gir. . -aocasar. h. Btiasvaaa, Pan H., va^ csattel » Uaci_ 

Mc., 1 ' "-- ^ ' -^4, aad das iaBtreeM ispjiBsS m : 

1S51. ' p- rebel amies. He oo-05»e«se^ 

tJisC -a- of Vicfci«i» »ud Pori Hnis: r 

cipal - - - ■ -■»"- -" -■'"- "'- " ' ''ed lie re, ; . - 

ls21 :»wdi«* id* - - 

Wor - lie cafsxrt 

ITa: -iieameic. t , . ■ 

Xe-sr i: -..liiijiieiseeiTeii titt : ^ 

lS»f , i lie aai of Tjce-i. 

dene-; _ -. r^n "i_. i;- 

dear-. "Fraatoa," ;;, 

y£r:i5'^;r:i.. ---;:: ~ "> . Asia, asi iras ; 

KL: - .be^: bM)ors. 

its; ;. _ Parrar, Kht< Wase, jsiioiies, K irsi - 

»^ V " 7 -" - .^^ Arree:?-:- ^^- ' 

S^mmn;; buoe ia tie samaer of ISSl. be 

'<^.«.:^ made Itaii. qsana^^seer Sdi III. Car.., I. 

■ ?-bse<jBeBdT capt. He vas ia all ike ea- ~i^.^--. ■ : . _ :i ? l^irrf-- •• -:l- i.-.t^ 

j.e-aisoa lie pesittsalaaKl lie cu^wifa l^v's Fi^esd." 1S37. ~Iu3C;>IkmMB£ of T. 

::. MiV. 15-SL as3 ' "'_ . '' " "' '-"" T"rr-'r. '' -- ■^ - ■-- 

Farrasnt, D. 

Li< ;■„ . j;t- uraeK nsorai - 

ic-^ . -ir; j>ak. "EJaaeE:- 



Jaa- 

ian c 






"Xi:. ~ ■ 


onicr, 

lii. : 

•■ Sars. 






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t^^K 



318 



of the C.C.r. lie filled the ofBco of judge 
nmri-' iliun 40 years. A|>|). chief justice Fch. 
2i, 1 802. Be>itles his juilieiiil (hiticii, he v/ii», 
ill ir-iJ, a iiieiiilicr of tlic N.ll. Const. Coiiv., 
nisu one of the cominitire which drufteil the 
Stale i'Uii7liliitiuii. 

Farrar, Timotiit, LL.l) , b. New Ips- 
wich, Mar. 17, ITSd. Son of the iireccdiiig. 
Dartni. Cull. It<ii7. Lnw-pnrtiier of Daniel 
Wct.ster fi-oiii 1S13 to IS16 ; judge of the N.H. 
Court of Common Plc«« in 1824—33; viee-pres. 
of the N.i;. lli»l. and ticiieul. Soc. 185.3-8. 
Ill I8G7, he |>uh. "Manual of (he U.S. Con^iti- 
tntion," 8vo. lie piih. in 181U the Dartin. 
Coll. Case ; a Kcvicw of the Drcd Scott Case 
in 1857 ; trial of llic Constitution, 1863, in the 
y. A. lireiew, and several articles in the .Vrio- 
EwihnuUr. 1862. 

Fasquelle, (fa--kel). Jean Loiis, F.B., 
LI,. I)., h. lijin.c, 18US; d. Mich., 1862. Sc^ 
tied ill the U.S. ill 18J4. I'rof. of languages, 
&c., L'. of Micliigan. 1846-62. Auihor of a 
" New Method of Learning the Flinch Lan- 
gnagc," N.Y., 1854, and of several other 
r rcncli text-hooks for schools. 

Faucbet (lo'-sha'), Jeax Antoixe Jo- 

SKi-ti. liuion, diploiimtist and author, b. St. 
Quciiiin, France, I76.J. A law-9tudentat I'aris 
when the revol. coinnicnecd, he pub. n pain- 
]jhiet in defence of its principles ; was app. 
Sec. of the Exec. Council, ami was ambassailor 
to the U.S. in 1794-6. Having suhsc<|ncntly 
produced an excellent work on the U.S., and 
on the connection of France with them (trans. 
by W. Duaiie. I'liila.. 1797), the Directory 
notninatcd him a commissioner to St. Do- 
mingo, which he dcclineil. Under Bonaparte, 
lie was prefect of the Var, and in 1805 of 
the Arno ; was made a b.ii mi and a com. of the 
Legion of Honor, hut left Italy when the 
French evacuated it in ISU. On Napoleon's 
return, he was made prefect of the Uironde. 
— Fiinlli>;,i, of the Afje. 

Faugeres (fo'-zheers'), Makgaretta v., 
poetess. I), r.imhaiiiek, near Alhanv, 1771 ; d. 
N.Y. City, Jan. 9, 1801. Dun. ot' Ann Kliza 
Bleecker. In 1792, in opjusition to the wishes 
of her lather and friends, she in. Peter Faugeres, 
a physician of N.V., whose dissipation, in a 
few years, brought her to poverty and wretched- 
ness. Her mother ilied in 1783, ami her father 
in 1795. Ilcr contribs. to the N.Y. Slwinzint 
and the MuS'iim were much admired. In 1793, 
she pub., prefixed to the works of her mother, 
a memoir and some of her own poetry. In 
1795, she pub. " Bclisurius," n tragedy. Soon 
after the death of her husband, in 1798, she lie- 
came an assist, in u young ladies' acad. in New 
Brunswick, and afterwards taught in Brook- 
Un, _ //,„.,/„. 

Fauquier, Franxis, lieut.-pov. of Va. 
from 17.>8 lo his d., Jlarch 3, 1768. The 
successor of Dinwiddle, his administration was 
eminently popular ami useful. Jelferson con- 
sidered him tlie alile.«t of the govs, of Va. He 
pub., Lond., 8vo, 1757, " Kaising Money for 
Suji|iort of llie War," ic. 

Fay, Heman A., son of Dr. Jonas, b. 
Bennington, Vi.. 1778; d. there 20 Aug. 
1805. West Point. 180S U.S. iiiilit. »tore- 
keeiier al Albuu^., l(il8-42. Auihor of 



"Official Account of Battles of 1812-15," 
1815. 

Fav, Dr. Jonas, statesman, b. Hardwick, 
Ms , Jan. 17, 1737; d. Bennington, Vt., Mar. 
6, 1818. He received a good education. Was 
clerk of a Ms. com|iany at Fort Kdward in 
1756, removed to Bennington in 1766, and soon 
became prominent among the settlers on the 
N.ll. grants, in their contest with N.Y. and 
wiih the mothcr-coiinlry, and aUo in the or- 
ganization of the State govt. He was their 
agent to N.Y. in 1772 lo inlorin Gov. Tryon of 
the grounds of their cumiilaini ; clerk to the 
convention of Mar. 1774, that resolve4l to de- 
fend br lorce Allen and oihers outlawed by 
the N.V. Assembly ; surgeon under Allen at 
the capture of Ticonderogu, and subsequently 
in Col. Warner's rcgt. ; member of the con- 
vention of Jan. 1777, which declared Vl. an 
independent State, ami author of the declara- 
tion and petition announcing the fact, ami their 
reasons lor ir, to Congress ; si-c. to the con- 
vention to lurm the State constitution in 
July, 1777, and one of the Council of Safety to 
administer the govt. ; nieinl>er of the Stalo 
Council, 1778-85 ; judge of the Supreme 
Court in 1782; ot Probate, 1782-7; agent of 
the State to Congress in Jan. 1777, Oct. 1779, 
June, 1781, and Feb. 1782. In 1780, in con- 
junction with Ktlian Allen, he pub. a pamphlet 
on the -V.H. and NY. Controversy, printed in 
Hartford. — 17. ///«(. (J,u., 171. 

Fay, TiiEoDDRE Sei>gwick, author and 
diplomatist, b. New York, Feb. 10, 1807. 
Adm. to the bar in 1828. Preferring a 
literary life, he became a contrib. to and suh- 
sequeiitly edited the .V. 1'. ilnrur. In 1832, 
he pub. " Dreams and Kevcries of a Quiet 
Man." Hem. in 1833; spent 3 years travel- 
ling in Europe, and wrote the " MinniclJook," 
a journal of travels. His tirst novel. " Norman 
Leslie," a p|jeured in 1835. He was U.S. sec. 
of legation at Berlin from 1837 lo 1853; 
resident minister at Berne, Switzerland, 
1853-60. He pub. in 1840 "The Countess 
Ida ; " in 1843, •' Hoboken,"a romance of New 
York; in 1851, " Ulric, or the Voices," a 
))oem in 19 cantos (to which a 20rh was added 
in "The Knickerbocker Uallerv " in 1855); 
"Sidney Clilton," 1839; " Uo'liert Rueful," 
1844 ; '" Views of Christianity," 1856 ; n 
scries of pa|)ers on Shakspcarc, a variety of 
fugitive pieces in prose and verse, and a 
" History ol Switzerland." 

Fearon, Henky Bradsiiait, a London 
surgeon, auihor of " A Narraiive of a Journey 
of 5,1X10 .Miles iliroiigh the Eastern and Western 
Stales 111 Anieii.a," Lond., 8vo, 1818. 

Featherstone, w. s., brig.-gen. C.S.A , 

b. Tenn. ; killed near Atlanta, Ga., July 20, 
1864. Emigrating to Mpi., he rep. that State 
in Congress in 1847-51. 

Featherstonbaugh, George William, 
F.K.S.-. anihor; d. Havre. Fiance, 28 Sept. 
1866. Aiiihoruftransiationofthe "Ucpnblic" 
of Cicero, 1828 ; " Excursion through the Slave 
Stoles." 8vo. 1844; " Oeoli>gy of Uiecn Bav 
and Wisconsin," 1 836 ; " Geological Kejiort,'' 
1834, ol the country lictueen the Mo and 
Ucil Rivers ; " Observation- on the A-hburton 
Treaiy," 1842; " Cuiiue Vo,ta^- to the Mia- 



FEB 



3-19 



FEL 



ncsota," 1847, 2 vols. ; " Geol. Reconnoissance 
in 1S35 to Cotcau de Prairie," 1836. Having 
letiik'd mnny years in the West, which he hail 
extensively explored, he was made by the 
British Govt, a commissioner to settle the 
northern lioundary of the U.S. under the Ash- 
burton Treaty, and was afterward British con- 
sul to Calvados and Seine, France. 

Febiger, Christiam, col. Revol. armv, b. 
nenniark, 1747; d. I'hila., Sept. 20, r796. 
He had seen service before enlistin;;, A]ir. 2S, 
1775, and at Bunker's Hill led a portion of Ger- 
rish's re^t., of which he was adj., to the scene 
of battle in season to do good service. He 
strved with marked ability throughout the war ; 
accomp. Arnold to Quebec, and was made pris- 
oner in the attack on that citadel ; was con- 
spicuous at the capture of Stony Point, where 
he led a column of attack, and at Yorktown, 
where he com. the 2d Va. rest. From 1789 
until his death, he was treas. of Pa. 

Fechter (fek'ter), Cn.titLES, actor, b. 
Loudon, 1823. His father was a German, his 
mother English. He was educated in France, 
and became a sculptor ; but, being drawn to the 
stage, made his t/Aiif at the Salle Moliere ; ap- 
peared at Berlin in 1846, and Oct. 27, 1860, at 
the Princess Theatre, London, as Ruy Bias ; 
Mar. 19, 1861, he appeared as Hanikt; Jan. 
1, 1863, he leased the Lyceum, London, and 
opened as Lagadere, in "The Duke's Motto." 
He made his American cISiU in Ruy Bias at 
Niblo's, N.Y., Jan. 10, 1870. In Oct. 1870, he 
opened at the Glolie Theatre, Boston. 

Feke, Robert, one of the earliest Ameri- 
can artists. Descended from Henrj-, who emi- 
grated to Lynn, Ms., in 16-30, a branch of 
whose family settled at Oyster Bay, L. L, 
whence, it is said, Robert came to R. L He left 
home when young, and, according to a writer 
in the Hist. Mag. (1859-60), was taken prison- 
er, and carried to Spain, where he beguiled 
his captivity by making rude paintings, with 
the proceeds of which he returned home. Set- 
tled at Newport, and made professional visits 
to N.Y., Phila., and other cities. He d. in Bar- 
badoes, a. ab. 44. His first portraits are dated 
1746. — Tuckennan. 

Felch, Ai.PHECS, jurist and statesman, b. 
Limerick, York Co., Me., Sept. 28, 1806. 
Bowd. Coll. 1827. He emigrated to Mich, 
when quite young ; was a member of the State 
legisl. in 1836-7 ; was bank commissioner in 
1838-9; auditor-gen. of the State in 1842; 
judge of the Supreme Court, from 1842 to 
1845 ; gov. of Mich, in 1846-7, and U.S. sen- 
ator, lS47-i)3. One of the commissioners to 
settle land-claims in Cal., under the treaty of 
Guadalupe Hidalgo, in 1853-6. Dolcgato to 
the Chicago Convention in 18G4. — Laiimdii. 

Fell, J. Wkldon, M.n., b. U.S. ; removed 
to London, where he was allowed to treat the 
])aiicnis of MiiMlesex Hospital for cancerous 
diseases ui)on a new plan. He i)ub. in 1857 
"A Treatise on Cancer," Lond., 8vo. — Alli- 
h„e. 

Fellows, Ge.s. John. Revol. officer, h. 
!'..iTilr.jt. Ct., 173-;; d. Shcmcid, Ms., Aug. 1, 
1S03. He saw service in the French war; was 
n member of the Prov. Congress in 1775 ; led 
a regt. of minute-mcii tu Boston immediately 



after the battle of Lexington, and, as a brig.- 
gen. of militia (app. June 25, 1776), com. a 
brigade at Long Lsland, at White Plains, and 
at Bemis's Heights, where he was instrumental 
in the capture of Burgoyne. After the war, 
he was high sheriff of Berkshire. 

Fellows, Col. Jons, author, b. Sheffield, 
Ms., 1760 ; d. N.Y. City, Jan. 3, 1844. Y.C 
1783. He pub. a work on the authorship of 
Junius, a " Life of Gen. Putnam," 12mo, 
1843, and " Exposition of the Mysteries or Re- 
ligious Dogmas and Customs of the Ancient 
Egyptians, Pythagoreans, and Druids," also an 
" Inquiry into Freemasonry," 8vo. 

Felt, Rev. Joseph Bari.ow, LL.D., 
(Dartm. Coll. 1857), antiquarian scholar and 
author, b. Salem, Dec. 22, 1789 ; d. there Sept. 
8, 1869. Dartm. Coll. 1813. Licensed to 
preach in 1815; pastor at Sharon, Ms., in 
1821-4,and at Hamilton, Ms., 1824-34. Com- 
missioned by Gov. Everett, in Apr. 1836, to 
arrange the .Ms. State papers, he had them clas- 
sified and bound. In 1845, he procured from 
the English archives duplicates of records 
which had been lost, completing his labors on 
the State archives in 1846. Pres. of the N.E. 
Hist. Geneal. Society, 1850-3; librarian of 
the Ms. Hist. Soc., Boston, from Apr. 28, 1842, 
to 1858 ; recording sec. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 
1839-59, and member of many hist, societies. 
He pub. "Annals of Salem," 1827; "Hist, 
of Ipswich, Essex, and Hamilton," 18.34; 
" Ecclesiastical History of N. England," 2 
vols., 185.5-62 ; " Class of Alnmni of Dartm. 
Coll., 1813 ; " " Hist, of Ms. Currency," 1839 ; 
" Notice of Roger Couant," 8vo, 1848 ; " The 
Customs of New Eng.," 8vo, 1853 ; " Genealo- 
gical Items for Gloucester and Lynn," 18.50-1 ; 
" Memoir of Hugh Peters," 1851 ; " Memori- 
als of Wm. S. Shaw," 1852, and occasional 
addresses. 

Felton, CoRNELirs Conwat, LL.D., 
(Amh. Coll. 1848), scholar and writer, b. W. 
Newburv, Ms., Nov. 6, 1 807 ; d. Chester, Pa., 
Feb. 26,"is62. H.U. 1827. During a portion 
of his junior year, he taught raathcma'ics in 
the Round Hill School at Norrhampton, Ms. 
After leaving coll., he taught in the Livings- 
ton High School, Genesco, N.Y. App. Latin 
tutor in H.U. in 1829, Greek tutor in 18S0, 
prof, of Greek in 1832, Eliot prof, of Greek 
literature in 1 834, ,and was inaug. pres. 19 July, 
1860. In 1833 he ]pub. an cdiiion of Hon), r, 
with English notes, and Flaxman's illustrations ; 
in 1840 a translation of Mcnzel's "German 
Literature," 3 vols.; a Greek Reader with Eng- 
lish notes and a vocabulary ; and in 1841 the 
" Clouds " of Aristoph.nnes. In connection 
with Profs. Sears and Edwards, lie pub. in 1843 
"Ancient Literaiure and Art." He assisted 
Prof. Longfellow in " The Poets and Poetry of 
Europe," in 1845; edited the Panrrji/rinm of 
Isoerates and the A'lanHnimn of .^schylus ; 
translated Ironi the French Guyot's "Earth av.d 
Man," 1849; and edited the ""Birds of Aris- 
tophanes," a selcciion from the wTitings of Prof. 
Popkin. in 1852; and piib. a vol. of selections 
from the Greek historians. In 1853-4 ho 
made a Euroiicaii lorr ; in 1855 he rcvisid for 
publicv'ion Su'.itli's '•History of Greece," and 
an edition of Lord Carliole's " Diary in Turk- 



JTKN 



820 



KKR 



i«h and Gnvk Waters." In ISSG a Bilcclion 
by liim fruiii niudcrn Greek writ'-rd was ]iiib. 
Uo uJiio conipUod a work on (ink and lioinun 
nietrtsi wns thcniitliorora life of Gen. Eaton, 
in .Sparks's "Amer. Biog.," variou> oeett.~iunul 
addri».-cs, and of numerous contributions lo the 
A*. Aiiifr. ii*vieu\ (Jhristian /^xttiitinfir, and oth- 
er mriodicals A scries of vit-orous anieles 
on S|iii'iluulism. in the lioslon i.'ourier in I^57- 
8, procecdctl from his pen. lie dilivercd 3 
coursi'S of IcctuRs tulore tlie Lowell In.stitutc, 
Boston, on the historj' and literature of (irecee, 
and was a coiitrih. to the New Amer. Cyeiop. 
Mendx r of the Board of Edueation, a n-^-ent 
of the $n)iihsonian Institution, and member 
of the Acad, ol Arts and iStienccs. 

Fendall, Josias, gov. of Md. 1G5C-G0. 
Ordered in 1655, by Gov. Stone, to seize tlic 
public stons at Patuxent, Cn))t. Ftndall was 
made a pri.soner. Mar. 29, in the li^ht whicli 
ensued, and, having afterward rai.^ed unothir 
insurrection, was, as a reward lor his sHp))OM-d 
services to the Proprietary Govt., npp. gov. 
July 10, 1656. Havmg turned against his pa- 
tron, he wa.s 8U])ersedid Dec. 1660, was tned 
in Feb. 1061, and sentenced to be iKinished, 
but, on his humble petition to the gov. and 
eouneil, was ])arilonoil, and modirately fined. 
In July, 1081, he was fined heavily, and ban- 
ished, for seditious practices. — C'halpuTi ; 
Boznmn. 

Fennell, James, actor and author, b. 
London, 1766; d. Pliila. June 14, 1816. He 
quilted the study of law for the stage, app<'ar- 
ing in 1787 at the Edinb. Theatre as Othello, 
alwavs his favorite i)art. He afterward played 
at Vork, aud in 1789 at Covent Garden; 
next wrote for the Tluatriml Cuardian, and 
in 1791 pub. "Lindel and Clara, or a Trip to 
Giliniltar," a comedy. He lived a while in 
Paris, ostentatiously," but in 1792 engaged with 
Wi-nt'.l of I'hila. ' Perfomn d in many thea- 
irts. and, possessing a homlsome fip\irc and 
con-iderable latent, was the idol of the play- 
gours, but ruined himself by dissipation, aiid 
in 1;02 was imprisomd for debt. About 1804 
hi' r^lired from the stafe, and established salt- 
works on an original plan, near New London, 
Ct., — a niinous cnterjirisc. In 1806 ho com- 
m -need a starring tour. At one time, he kept 
an aiad. in Cbarlestown, Ms. His other workB 
are "The Wheel of Truth," "Piciurc of 
Paris," and "An Apology for My Liie," 2 
Tol.s. 1814. " His Othello', Zanga,'and Glen- 
a!von, w. re fine pieces of acting, and generally 
his villains appeared very natural." Hij lea- 
tuns were very expressive, and wonderfully 
under his eommand. — licts ; Onpi'. 

Fenner, Abthcr, gov. of R.I. 1789- 

180."), b. Providence, 1745; d. there Oct. 15, 
1805. His ancestors were among the earliest 
inhabiiants of Providence. Previously to his 
election as gov., he was clerk of tbe Superior 
Court. 

Fonner, James, LL.D. (B.U.). politician, 
b. Providence, 1771 ; d. there April 17, 1846. 
Brown U. 1799. Son of the prcioding. U.S. 
Bcn.itor 1805-7; gov. 1807-11, 1824-31, and 
again in 1844-5. 

Fenouillet (feh-noo'-ya'), Emile de, 
journalist, b. Hycres, France ; tl. QueU-c, June 



30, 1859. He stmliiMl law; was a writ«r for 
the Paris pri'Ss ; came lo Quebi-c in (Jet. 1^54, 
and t dit^J the Juumal de QiuUc, and wa* prof, 
of history and lilcratnrc at the Laval Normal 
S< hool. He was the contrib. ul able aniek-s to 
the Jifiinml de. riintnutiun Puhiiiinf. — M<ir;*iH, 

Fenton, Relol.s E., ijolitician, b. Carru.l, 
ChauUnque Co., N. Y., .luly 1,1819. Educated 
at Pleasant Hiil and I'redoni.i Aeudemins, and 
Btudiol law, but liccamir a men-lmnt. Super- 
visor of the town of Carroll in 1843; M.C. 
1.S53-5 and 1857-65; gov. of N.Y. 1865-9; 
and was chosen U.S. s nator in 1809. 

Fcnwick, Benedict J., U. C. bishop of 
Boston, -b. St. Mary's Co., Md., 1 782 ; <l. Bos- 
ton, Aug. 11, 1846. .Joining ihe Jesuits, he 
became prcs. of Gi'orptown Coll., and was 
consecrated, Nov. 1, 1825, bishop of Boston. 
Ills ailministraiive abilities were of tbe highest 
order. He found two ehunhcs and two priesa 
in his diocese, whi«'h, at his death, had i'.i- 
cnascd to filty of the former, aud sixty of the 
latter. 

Fenwick, Edwabd, D.D., H. C. bishop 
of Ohio, b. Md. ; d. Waytic Co., O., Oct. 6, 
1832. Consecrated 1822. 

Fenwick, Geobge, proprietor of part of 
Ct. ; d. 1 657, in Eug. Came to America in i 6';6 
to take charge of the plunta:iun of Sayl rook. 
Returning to Englan<l, he came bjick again in 
1639, ana from that time, as one of the paten- 
tees, and agent for others, superintend d and 
governed Saybrook till Dcv. 5, 1644, when he 
sold its jurLsdiction and territory to the Ct. 
Colony. Atlcr hi- return to Eng. he was a))p. 
one of* the judg> s for the trial of Charles I. 

Fenwicke, John, Quaker, and founder 
of a colony in N.J., b. Eng. 1618; d. poor, in 
10s3, afi ,T he had conveyed his claim to Wm. 
Pinn. He obtained in 167.1 a grant of land 
in West Jersey ; cmig. in 1075, aud sc'tlcd in 
Salem. His claim to the propriitor-hip was 
disputed by Gov. Andros, who am.st<d him in 
16"."', and confined him in pri-on for two years. 
— Set L. Q. C. ElnuT, Eariij Setllemci.t of 
Cum^m-Jnnd ^'o., -V. J. 

Fenwick, Joux R., bri".-jrcn. U.S.A., b. 
Charieston, S.C, 1 780 , d. Marseilles, France, 
March 19, 1842. He was early in lif- distiug. 
for his literary acquirt mints, baring rcci ivi-J 
an excellent education in Emr. App. li.ut. of 
marines, Nov. 10, 1799; c pi. Aug. U09; 
lieut.-col. light art. Dec. 2, 111; sever ly 
wounded in assault on Quenstown IKights, 
Oct. 13, 1^12, and made ])ri.-oncr ; bn?v. col 
for gallant conduct on Niagara frontier. Mar. 
18, 1813; adj.-gui. Manli 18, 181."; col. 4 h 
Art. Mav 8, 1822; brcv. brig.-gen. March 18, 
\»2a.—'€ardinrT. 

Fereira (ftr-ra'-c-ra), Alexanphf, Roiv 
RiGiES, Brazilian naturalist and traveller, b. 
Bahia, i7J6; d. 1815. From 1784 10 1793, 
he explored Brazil. 

Ferguson, Elizadeth ; d. on her farm 
in Monigoincrv Co., Pa., Feb. 23, 1801, a. 61. 
Dau. of Dr. "Thomas Graham of Phila., by 
Anne, grnnd-dau. of Gov. Keith. She was 
well educated, enjoyed ihe fricn^lship of manv 
eminent men, and translated " IMemnehus 
into verse. Htr husband joined the Bri;ish 
in the Revol., and never returned to her. His 



FER 



321 



FES 



estate was confiscated ; but a part of it was 
restored to her by the lejiisl. in 1 781. 

Ferguson, Major Patrick, a British 
officer; killei! at the battle of King's Mountain, 
Oct. 7, 1780. Son of James Ferguson, an 
eminent jurist, and a nepliew of Lord Eli- 
bank. At the age of IS, he entered the army 
in Flanders; came to Amur, in the spring of 
1777 ; was engaged in the battle of Brandy- 
wine ; was active on the Hudson in 1779, and 
so disting. himself at the siege of Charleston 
in 1780, that he was particularly mentioned 
by Sir H. Clinton, and app. major 71st regt. 
Detached by Cornwallis in tlie Sept. following 
to the upper part of S. C, he soon found 
himself surrounded by the hardy mountaineers 
of that region ; and, after a gallant defence, 
he was defeated and shiin. He was a brave 
and enterprising soldier, and reputed to be 
the best marksman in the army. — Lussiirj. 

Ferland, L'Abbe. M.J". B. a., author, 
b. Jlontreal, Dec, 25, 1805; d. Quebec, Jan. 
8, 1864. Educated at Kingston and the Coll. 
of Nicollet; adni. to holy orders in 182.3; 
served one year as under sec. to Cardinal 
Plessis ; afterwards prof, of arts, rhetoric, and 
philosophy, at Nicollet ; priest, 1828; vicar at 
Rivier de Loup ami St. Koch, Quelicc; first 
chaplain of the marine hospital during the 
cholera of 18-34; successively cure of St. 
Isidore, St. Foix, and, in 1837, of St. Anne of 
Beaupre';'supt. at Nicollet, 1S41, and superior 
in 1S47. In 1848, he became a resident of the 
archiepiscopal palace, Quebec. In 1855, he 
went to France to collect materials for the early 
hist, of Canada. I'rof. at the Laval U , June 
10, 1855 ; and afterwards deacon of the faculty. 
He pub. " Observations on the History of 
Canada," 1851 ; "Notes on ihe Registers of 
Notre Dame de Qacbee;" "A Voyage to 
Labrador ; " " Courses f)f Hi-tory of Canada, 
from 1534 to 1633;" "Journal of a Voyage 
to t!ie Coast of Gaspe," with other narratives, 
and " Life of Bishop Plessis," IS63. 

Fernandez (f?r-nan'-il(!lh), Diego, Span- 
ish historian and soldier, b. Palcncia ; embarked 
for Peru in 1545, and became, in 1555, histori- 
ographer of the viceroy, Hurtado ile Mendoza. 
His " Hist of Peru,"" 1571, is said to be the 
best contemporary work on that subject. 

Fernandez, Joan, a Spanish pilot and 
navigator. Discovered in 1303 the two 
islands which bear his name, and planted a 
colony on the larger one; d. 1576. The 
adventures of Alexander Selkirk on this 
island are the basis of Defoe's " Robinson 
Crusoe." 

Ferry, Orris Sanford, lawver and sen., 
b. Biiliel, Ct., Aug. 15, 1823. "V. C. 1844. 
Adin. to the bar in 1846 ; began practice at 
Norwalk, Ct. ; app. judge of probate in 1849; 
State senator in 185.5-6 ; in 1856-9, di<t. attv. 
for Fairfield Co.; and in 1860-61, M.C. In 
July,186l,asc'.l. of the 5th Ct. vols., he joined 
Gen. Banks's corps in Md. ; brig.-gen. Mar. 17, 
1862, anil assigned a brigade in Shields's divis- 
ion, from which he was transferred to Peck's 
division of the 4tli army corps under Gen. 
Keycs. U.S. senator, 1867-73. 

Fersen, Axbi<, Count, Swedish soldier, b. 
Stockhoim, 1755; d. there June 20, 1810. 
21 



Educated at the military acad. of Turin . 
aeeomp. his friend Stedingk to Versailles, and 
entered the " Royal Swedes." He came to 
Amcr. as an aide-de-camp on the siatF of 
Rochnmhcau, fought under Lafayette, and 
received from Washington the badge of Cin- 
cinnatus. Returning to France, he became 
col. of his old regt., and a favorite at court. 
In the memorable flight of the royal family to 
Varennes, he was the disguised coachman of 
the royal fugitives. On his return to Sweden, 
he was elevated to high trust and dignity. 
Ab. 1801. was made grand marshal of Sweden. 
He and his sister were favorites with the 
king and queen, but on that account were 
unpopular with the people. While marshal- 
ling the funeral pageant of the deceased Prince 
Christian, he was seized by the mob, and 
deliheratcly tortured to death, on suspicion of 
cotn|iliciiy in liis death. 

Fessenden, Francis, brev. maj.-gen. 
U.S.A., I.. I'ortland, Me., 18 Mar. 1839. 
Bowd. Coll. 185S. Lawyer by profession. 
Son of Senator F. App. clipt. l"9tli U.S. Inf. 
May 14, 1861 ; wounded at Shiloh ; col. 25th 
Me. vols. Oct. 1862 to Jan. 1863 ; com. 1st 
brigade, Aliercombic's division, in the battle' 
of Chantilly, Va. ; col. 30th Me. vols, in 
battle Sabine Cross Roads ; com. brigaile in 
battles of Pleasant Hill and Monett's BlufT, 
La., and lost his leg ; brig.-gen. vols. May, 
1864; brev. maj.-gen. vols., and brev. maj., 
lieut -col., col., and brig., and maj -gen. U.S.A., 
for gallant and merit, services in the civil 
war. ; lieut. -col. 28th U S. Inf. ; retired 1 Nov. 
1866. — //f, ;;■//. 

Fessenden, Samuel, LLD. (Bowd. Coll. 
1846), lawyer, b. Fryeburg, Me., July 16, 1784 ; 
d. hear Portlaml, Me., Mar. 13, 1869. Dartm. 
Coll. 1806. Adiu. to the bar in 1809, he began 
practice at New Gloucester, and soon took high 
rank as a lawyer. Member of the Ms. Gen. 
Court, 1814-16. and of the senate in.1818-19; 
n'nj.-;;en. of militia, 1818-32. Removing to 
Portland in 1822, he was its representative in 
the Me. legisl. in 1825-6, and was some years 
Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Masons 
of Maine. One of the original members of the 
antislavery party in Me., and from 1845 to 1847 
was the candidate of the Lilieral jjarty for gov. 
Senator Fessenden was his son. He pub two 
ortiiions, and a treatise on the institution, 
duties, and importance of juries. — Ahuimi of 
O. C. 

Fessenden, Thomas Green, poet anil 
agric. writer, h. Walpole, N.H., Apr. 22, 1771 ; 
d- Boston, Nov. 11, 1837. D.inm. Coll. 1796. 
He studied law ; but the popularity of a little 
poem, "Jonathan's Courtship," led iiim to the 
pursuit of literature. While in Loud, in 1803, 
and in want of money, he produced " Terri- 
ble Tractoration," a popular poetn in Hudi- 
brastic verse, advertising Perkins's metallic 
tractors, and satirizing the medical profession. 
In 1804, he settled in Boston, and pub. there, in 
1806, " Democracy Unveiled," a political satire 
in verse, and other pieces of a similar character ; 
then edited the H eekli/ Inspector at New York 
City two years. In 1812, he practised law at 
Bellows Falls, Vt. ; removed to Brattleboro' in 
1815, where be pub. the Reporter, a political 



KES 



S2-2 



FIE 



paper; nnd from 1816 to 1 822 edited nt Billows 
Fulls the liittlliijrnrer. From 1822 till his 
death, he puti. at Bosloti the .V. E. Farmer, n 
weekly asric. juumal of great value, aUo pub- 
lisliiiig frum lime to lime rarious treatises on 
ajjric. sulijeets, and editing the llortirull. Ileijis- 
ter. His other wriiin^'3 arc, " ( )ri;;inal Poems ; " 
"The Ladies' Monitor," 1818; "American 
rierk's Companion," 1815;" Laws of Patcnu," 
\S-2-2. 

Fe88enden,WiLLiAMPtTT,LL.T>.(Bon-d. 

Coll. IN58), hiwvorand senator, b. Bo>cawen, 
N.H., G Oct. 18116; d. Portland. Me., 8 Sept. 
1869. Bow.l. Coll. 1823. Son of Gen. 
Samnel. Adm. to the bar in 1827 ; from 1829 
he practised in Portland, attaining the first 
rank ; member of the Icgisl. in 1832 and 1840; 
M. C. 1841-3; again in the Stale legisl. in 
1845-7 and 1853-5, and U.S. senator from 23 
Feb. 1854. to his death, excepiini; his term of 
office as sec. U S. treas., July, lS64-Mar. 18G.">. 
Meuiber uf the conventions that jioininaled 
Clay, Taylor, and Scott for tlic pru.«idciicy. 
He was one of the founders of the Rcpub. party 
in .Mc. Mar. 3, 1854, he made a most effective 
speech against the Nebra>ka Bill, and was prom- 
inent in debate, nnd a leading mein'ier of the 
finance committee. Thron:;hout the Uebcllion, 
as chairman of this couiniitlee, and as sec. of 
the treasury, lie aided in maintaining the 
national credit. lie was one of the lew Uenub. 
senators who voted for the acquittal of rrcs. 
John.'on on his impeachment trial. He was 
one of the foivmost senators of his time, and as 
a speaker excelled in clear and compact stute- 
meiil. 

Feuillia (fuh'-ya'), Lot;is, French botanist 
anil a»ironoinir. b. near Foreiilqnicr, Provence, 
1660; (1. Marseilles, 1732. Companion of .1. 
Cassini in a .^ciiMitific tour to the Levant. In 
1703-12, ho travelled in S. America. Author 
of a " History of the Medicinal Plants of Pern 
and Chili," 3 vols., 1714; an<l "Journal of 
Observations made on the Kastern Coasts of S. 
America and the W. Indies," 2 vols.. 1714. 

Few, Col. Wii.li.vm, Revol. patriot, b. Bal- 
timore Co.. -Md., June 8. 1748; d. Fislikill, 
N.Y., July 16, 1828. His ancestor, Wni. Ffew, 
(yime with Wm. Pcnn to Amer. In 1758, the 
family removed to Orange Co., N.C., whero 
Wm. received a good education. Removing 
to Ga. in 1776, he was chosen to the conven- 
tion for framing a State constitution, and to 
the assembly, and app. one of the council. As 
a col., he disiing. himself in several actions 
with the Briti.<li anil Indians; l>ccame in 1778 
surveyor-gen., nnd pres. judge of the Richmond 
Co. Court; delegate to the Old Coni;rcss 
from Jan. 1780, until 1783, and in 1786; 
Bssi-ited in fniming the National Constitution 
in 1787. and in its adoption by his State. Kn- 
gaging in 1 784 in the practice of law, ho soon 
Ix'came eminent in the profession. Member 
of the const, convs. of Ga. in 1796 and 1798; 
U.S. senator. 1789-93, and 3 years on the Ga. 
bench. Itemoving to N.Y. iii the summer of 
1799, he became a member of the legisl., U.S. 
commissioner of loans, ami mayor of the 
rilv. Ho rendered much scnice to'thc State in 
adjustiuL' difficulties with the Indians. 

Field, CvBfs Wi;9T, merchant, son of 



Rev. Dr. Field of Stockhri.lgc. b Stockbridge, 
Ms, Nov. 30, 1S19. He went to N Y. in 18)5, 
and from a clerkship rose to the bead of a 
prosperous mercantile house. In 1853, ho 
Bjient 6 months in S. Amer. travel. On his 
return, he lieeainc deeply interested in the pro- 
ject of a telegraph across the ocean. Early in 
1854, he was instrumental in procuring a 
charter from the legisl. of Newfoundland, grant- 
ing an exilusive right, for 50 years, to establi-h 
a lelegraph from the continent of Aiiiericii lu 
Ncwioiinilland. and ihencc to Kuro|(C. usooeiat- 
ing himself with Peter Coo|)er, Moscs Taylor, 
and other citizens of N.Y. , under the title of 
the " N.Y. , Newfoundland, and London Tele- 
graph Comiiauy." In 1856, he organized the 
"Athuitie rdegrapli Company," to continue 
the line from Newfoundland to Ireland ; miI>- 
scquently procured from the British and Amer. 
Govts, aid in money and ships, and accom- 
panied the expeds. in 1857 and 1858, for the 
pur(io.sc of laying the cable across the Atlaniic 
Uivan. Alter luo failures. Mr. Field and bis 
coailjuiors succeeded, and began to o|icrum 
with the Aihintie Tcli-graph, in Aug. Ih66 

Field, l>Avii> DuDLtv, D.U (Wins. Coll. 
1837), Cong, clergvman, b. F,. Guilford, Ct., 
Mav 20. 1781 ; d. Stockbriilge, Ms., April 15, 
1867. Y.C. 1802. Son of Capl. Timo. Field, 
a Revol. officer. .Minister of Haddain, Ct., 
from Apr II, 1804, to 1818; of Stoekliridgc, 
Ms., Iroin Aug. 25, 1819, to 18-17; and again 
over the same church at Iladdani from April 
II, 1837, nniil 1851, when he returned lo 
Stockbridge. He pub. a " Ilistorv of Middle- 
sex County," 8vo, 1839 ; a " History of B.rk- 
shire County." 1829 : an " Hi-ioricaf Address" 
at Middleiown; "Hist, of Piti»(ielJ," 1844; 
and a "Genealogy of the Braineni Family," 
1857; also some occasional sermons. Of his 
sons, llavid Dudley is a leading Liwyir of 
N.Y. ; Stephen J. is one of the judges'of tlio 
U.S. Supreme Court ; Cyrus \V. is tha 
originator of the Atlantic Telegraph ; and 
Henry M. is eiliior of the .V. y. Etawielist. 

Field, U.vviD DuDLLV, jurist, b.' H.iddam, 
Cl., Feb. 13, 1805. Wins. Coll. 1824. Ailm. 
to the bar in 1823. he commenced practice in 
NY., where he has bi'en conspicuous for more 
than 40_\e!irt. In 1839. he pub. his first essay 
on law reform, followed by others in 1842, 
'44, '46, uiid '47. -App. by the legisl. u 
commissioner on practice and pleadings, he 
took a leading part in preparing the cwlc uf 
jirocedure. In 1857, >lr. Field was npp. bjr 
the legisl. of N.Y. at the hcarl of a new com- 
mission lo prepare, a ix>liticnl co<le, a penal 
code, and a civil co<le. designi-d lo conlnin llio 
whole Inxly of I he law. Author of many 
political pamphlets, nnd took a deep inlire-t 
lu the grc:il (pie>tions of. the day, and, in llio 
late war. was active with voice, |icn, and purso 
in aid of bis countrv. 

Field, Hexrt" Martvn, D.D. (Wms. 
Coll. 1862). clergyman and journalist, bio. of 
the preewling, h. Stoekbrid-e, Ms., Apr. 3, 
1822. Wins Coll. 1838. He Iwcame jmstor 
of a church, Apr. 11, 1843. nt Si. Louis; re- 
signed in 1847, nnd iravcllctt in Kuro|ie. Re- 
turning to America in the autumn of 1848, ho 
pub. an historical sketch of the Italian revolu- 



ETE3 



323 



FrN' 



tioiis, and a letter from Rome on the " Good 
and ihe B^id in the Koniaii-Catholic Church." 
He pnb. a book on the Irisli rebellion of 1793, 
entitled " The Irish Confederates," 12mo, 
1851. In Jan. 18.51, he settled at West Spring;- 
field, -Ms., wheTice, in Nov. 185+, he removed 
to Xew York to become one of the editors of 
the Ei-un(]elist. In 18.58, he again visited 
Europe, and pub. " Summer Pictures from 
Copenhasen to Venice," N.Y., 1859 ; " Hist, 
of the Atlantic Tole-raph." 

Field, JosiiPH M., actor and dramatist, b. 
Eng. ; d. Mobile, Ala., Jan. 30, 1856. Possess- 
ing fine literary taste and acquisitions, he was 
an ornament to his profession, being one of the 
best comedians of his time. As a dramatist, 
he signalized himself in the production of 
several excellent local pieces, the best of which 
is " The Tourist." As " Straws " of the Nno- 
Orhaiis Pirai/uiie, he acquired great celebrity, 
contributing for some yenrs fugitive pieces of 
poetry to its columns, of great merit. Lat- 
terly he bad been editor anil proprietor of the 
St. Louis Reveille^ and at his decease was lessee 
and manager of the Mobile Theatre. He pub. 
" The Drama in Pokerville, and other Stories, 
bv Everpoint," Svo, Phila., 1847. Married 
E'liza Riddle 1836." 

Field, RicH.iRD Stocktov, LL.D. (N.J. 
Coll. 18.59). jurist, b. Whitehill.N.J., 31 Dee. 
1803 ; d. Princeton, N.J., May 25, 1870. N. J. 
Coll. 1821. Nephew of Richard, signer of the 
Decl. of Indep. Son of Robert C. Prof. N.J. 
Law School, 1847-55; atty.-gen. of N.J. some 
years; U.S. senator, 1862-3, and U.S. dist. 
judge for N.J. from 1863 to his d. Delegate to 
the Phila. Convent, of 1866, and an unflinching 
advocate of the Union cause during the Rebel- 
lion. Author of " The Provincial Courts of 
N.J.," Svo, 1849; addresses, and contriiis. to 
the Colls. N.J. Hist. Society. 

Field, Stephen- Johxsov, jurist, b. Had- 
dam, Ct., Nov. 4, 1816. Wms. Coll. 1837. 
Son of David Dudley. In his youth, he trav- 
elled in Europe and the East ; studied law with 
hisbro. David D. in N.Y., and was bis partner; 
went to Cal. in 1849 ; was in 1850 elected first 
alcalde of Marysville ; was in Oct. elected 
to the legisl. ; judge of the State Supremo 
Court, 1857-63, and chief justice ; app. judge 
of the U.S. Supreme Court, Mar. 10, 1863. 

Fields, James Tho.ma9, poet and publish- 
er, b. Portsmouth, N.H., 31 Dee. 1817. A..VI. 
of H.U. 1858. In his I8thyear, he delivered 
an anniversary poem before the Mercantile 
Library Association of Boston. In 1848 he 
read a poem, entitled " The Post of Honor," 
before the same society. He was a member 
of the Boston publishing-house of Ticknor 
& Fields, afterwards Fields, Osgood, & Co. 
He collected and pub. De Quincey's writings 
in 22 vols. 16mo. Editor Allunlic ihntUii, 
1862-June, 1871. He pub. a volume of poems 
soon after his return from Europe in 1849; 
a similar vol., for private distribution, in 
1854; and another in 1858, entitled " A Few 
Verses for a Few Friends." 

Fillmore, Mh-i.ard, ISth pres. of the 
U.S., b. Summer Hill, Cayuga Co., N.Y., Jan. 
7, 1800. At an early age, he was sent to Liv- 
ingston Co. to learn the clothier's trade, and 



about four months later he was apprenticed tc 
a wool-carder in the town in which his fathei 
lived. During the four years that he worked 
at his trade, he did what he could tu supply 
the defects of his early education. At tlic age 
of 19, he commenced the study of law, and 
devoted a portion of his time to teaching school. 
In lS;jl, he removed to Erie Co., and pursued 
his legal studies in Buffalo. Two years later, 
he commenced practice at Aurora; in 1827 
was adra. as an attorney, and in 1829 as a 
counsellor, in the Supreme Court ; and in 1830 
he removed to Buffalo. Here he associated 
with himself in business Nathan K. Hall, after- 
ward U.S. postmaster-general. He was a 
member of the assembly in 1829-32; M.C. 
183.3-5 and in 1837-41, and took a prominent 
part in the business of the house. He disting. 
himself in the N.Y. legisl. by his advocacy of 
the act to abolish imprisonment fordebt, passed 
in 1831. In Congress, he supported the inter- 
nal improvement and protective tariff policy 
of the Whig party. He supported Mr. Adams 
in the struggle upon the question of the recci> 
tion of petitions for the abolition of slavery ; 
opposed the annexation of Texas with slavery ; 
fiivored the abolition of the slave-trade between 
the States, and of slavery in the Dist. of Col. 
As chairman of the committee of ways and 
means in the 27th Congress. Mr. Fillmore was 
the author of the tariff of 1842. He then re- 
sumed his profession in Buffalo; was in 1S47 
elected State comptroller; in 1848 was noni. 
and elected by the Whigs as vice-pres., and re- 
mained in that position until the death of Pres. 
Taylor, July 9, 1850, by which he was elevated 
to the |irc>iilcntial chair. As vice-pres., he pre- 
sided during the controversy on the " omnibus 
bill " with his usual impartiality. During his 
presidency, the compromise measures, embra- 
cing substantially the provisions of Mr. Clay's 
bill, were passed. His admiiiistrationisdistiiig. 
by the exped. of Com. Perry to Japan, whicli 
sailed in the autumn of 1852, and which 
resulted in a favorable treaty with that eountiy. 
He visited Europe in 1855-6. In 1856, hew'n 
the candidate of the American party for the 
presidency. Pres. Buffalo Hist. Soc. 

Findlay, Gen. James, soldier and poli- 
tician, b. Franklin Co., Pa., ab. 1775 ; d. Cin- 
cinnati, O., Dec. 28, 1835. He emigrated to 
Cin. in 1 793 ; was one of the legislative council 
of the Territory in 1798; a prominent Demoe. 
leader; often a member of the legisl. ; and was 
receiver of public moneys in Cin. Dist. from the 
first establishment of land-offices until 1824 ; 
col. 2d O. vols, in 1812, serving under Gen. 
Hull at Detroit. M.C. 1825-33 ; candidate for 
gov. 1834. 

Findlay, William, bro. of James, gov. 
of Pa. 1817-20; U.S. senator, 1821-7; b. 
Merccrsburg, Pa., 1768; d. Harrisburg, Nov. 
15, 1846. Another bro., John, was M.C. 
182.3-7. 

Findley, William, politician, b. in north 
of Ireland, ab. 1750; d. Unity Township, 
Westmoreland Co., Pa., April 5, 1821. Ha 
came to Pa. in early life ; served in the Revol. 
war, and at its close moved to Western P.i. 
Intelligent, and a fluent speaker, he soon be- 
came a politician ; was a member of the lej^sl.. 



■PTN 



324 



FTR 



nnil of iho State Conit. Conv,, and M.C. 1791- 
9, and 18a3-17. Wiih Gullntiii ho opi>o«ed 
tli^ niloptiuii of the U.S. Constitution, nnil in 
[loliticH Win a sup|)orti'rof JulTLT.son. Ilf pub. 
a " fti'viow of ilic I'lfiilin;; System in 1794," 
a "Hist iry of the Insnrri'ction in W'e-itern I'a. 
in 1796,"' ami " OSscrv.itiuns," vindicitin;; 
reli.'ions liberty njainsi S. B. Wylic. 

Fink, KiiEi>ERiCK. artist, gnindson of 
M;ii. F. of the UcvdI. iirmv. b. Little Fiiil.f, 
K.V., Dec. IS, 1817; il. 1849. Kducatcil f.r 
n phy.sieian umler Dr. Beck of Albany, he 
joined hi!i bro. in incn'antile puranlts, and later 
studied paintin;^ with Mursc. At 18, he hccaino 
known by his portrait of W. S. I'urker, ob- 
tained commissions, and went to Europe. 
Among his excellent i/rnre pictures are " An 
Artist's Studio," " Shipwrecked Mariner," 
" Youns Tliieves," " Ne;;ro Wood-Suwyer," 
&c. — Turhennnn. 

Finley, J.imes Br.4Dley, clerpvman and 
author, b. X.C , July 1, 1781 ; d. Katon, O., 
Sept. 6, 1937. Hi- f;ithcr was a Presb, minis- 
ter, and removed to Ky , where he o|iene'l an 
academy. The son entered the Ohio M. K. 
cinferen-c in 1809 ; was a missionary to the 
Wyandot Indians from 1821 to 1827; was 
chaplain of iho (Jhio I'enitcntiury in 184.'i-9, 
anil was subsequently connected with a chnri'h 
in Cincinnati. Author of " Wyandot Mis- 
sion," 1840; "Prison-Life," " Aulobio:;ra- 
phy,"" Sketches of Western Methodism," and 
" Life amon;r the Indians," 1860. 

rinley, Uouiinr. D.I)., Presb. divine and 
philanthropist, b. Princeton, N. J., 177-j; d. 
Athens, Ga., O.t. 3, 1817. N.J. Coll 1787. 
D.D. 1817. James, his father, came fi-om Scot- 
land in 1769. From 1793 to 1817, he was 
connected with N. J. Coll. as tutor or trustee, 
and 16 June, 179.>, was ord. pastor of Ba»king- 
ridge. Ho ori/inatcd the plan of rolonixin-j 
emancipntcil blacks in Africa, and was instru- 
mental in formipi}; the Constitution, and in or- 
ganizing the Colonization Society. In Julv, 
1817, he was installed pres. of Franklin Coll., 
Athens, Ga. He pub. sermons, ami papers on 
colonization. — .S/i/ vi'/'i". 

Finley, Saml-kl, D.D. (U. of Glasi'ow, 
1763), .scholar and Presb. divine, b. Arm.i;;h, 
Ireland, 1715; d. fhila., July 17, 1766. lie 
arrived in Phila., 28 Sept. 1734, and was li- 
censed to preach, Au_' .■>, 1740. Ord. at N. 
Brnn,swick, 13 O'-t. 1 742. lie at once occupied 
himself in itinerant labors during the remark- 
able revival of that day. ills zeal brought 
him into trouble; for preaching in N. Haven, 
Ct., contrary to a law of the Colony forliidiling 
itinerants to enter parishes of settled ministers 
without their consent, he was seized by the 
authorities, and carriol as a va:;rant beyond 
its limits, in Sept. 1743. From July 14, i744, 
to 1761, he was settled at Nottin'jham. I'a., at 
the same time canyini; on an head., which ac- 
quin.-d a hi»;h reputation. On the death of 
Pros. Davics, he was chosen his successor, re- 
moved to Princeton in July, 1761, and left the 
coll., at his decease, in a flourishing condition. 
He edited the sermons of Pn^s.Davies, ami pub. 
some sermons and di-cussions. Wm. Pkiiro- 
KE\D FlNLET, LL.D. 1849. pres. of Charleston 
Coll., is his grandson. N.J. Coll. 1820. 



Finn, IlESiir J., comedian and humorist, 
b. Sydney, Cape Breton, ab. 1785 ; d. Jan. 13, 
1840. In 1799, he came to N.Y. ; slu<lie<I law 
2 years, then sailed for Kng. on the invitation 
of a rich uni'Ic residin;; there ; was shipwrecked, 
and, after many ilays' exjMxure in an o|ien Urnt, 
was picked a|>, nnd taken into Falmouth. The 
death of his rvlutivc, who made no provision 
for him, oblii^d him to resort to the stage f->r 
support. Heplayed at the Ilaymarkct Theatre 
with success, and, reluming to Amcr. in 1811, 
maile his first appearance at Montreal. He 
next performed in N.Y. In 1x18, he visitol 
Savannah, where he played Mcrcuiio ; ami 
in Jan. 1819, the Siran^'er, for his licnetit, to 
a crowdeil house. In 1820, he was nssoe. ed. 
and pub. of the Snvantnifi fitortjian. In 1821, 
ho was again in I^oiidon, where he lived by 
miniature-painting, tie then attached himself 
to the Surrey Theatre as heading mcloilramat- 
ic tragc'dian ; but the mnna.'cr failed, and Finn 
ivturned to America. Oct. 22. 1822, he first 
appeared at the Keilend-st. Theatre, Boston, 
which he at one lime managed, and where he 
long continued a fivoritc. The bills for his 
Iwnefitniuhts were usually made up of the 
roost exintoidinary puns. His forte was broad 
comedy. Besides lieing a great wit and pun- 
ster, he excelled in the more serious walks of 
the drama, ami early in life played Ilicliard, 
Othello, Mark Antony, &c , with success. 
In 1829, he gave entertainments similar to 
Mathews's " At Hcnne," in Portlaml, and was 
very successful. He was on his way to his res- 
idence in Ncwjwrt, when lost on the burning 
steamer " LexiUirton " in Long Island Sound. 
He pub. a " Comic Annual," a nuuilierof arti- 
cles in the periodicds, a successful drnina, 
" Montgomery, or the Falls of Montmorenci." 
was a frequent versifier, and furneil off a soujj 
with great readiness. He m. ICIizulieth, dau. 
of Snclling Powell, a well-known aitor and 
manager of Boston. 

Finnoy, Uev. Cii.mii.es G., » rclehmted 
preacher, b. Warren, Ct.. Aug. 29, 1792. The 
son of a farmer, on reacliing manhood he loft 
the paternal estate, nnd commcnivd thb study 
of law in Jcfl>.'rson Co.. NY., which he quilled 
for the ministry, and was ord. in 1822. Great 
revivals followed his labors wherei'cr he went. 
In 1835, he accepted n professorship in Olwrlia 
Coll., O., of which he was jirv-s. in 1S.V2-66; 
since 18.37, p.ostor 1st Cong. Church, Olicrlin. 
Between IS48 an<l 1 8.') I, he nsiileil in Eng., 
where his fervid eloquence created a powerful 
ctTect wheri'ver he preached He has pub. 
" Sermons on Important Subjects," 8vo, 1836 ; 
" L<M:tures on Kevivals," 12mo, 18.3.5; "On 
Sanctilicaiiou," I6mo, 1840; " Svstematic 
Theol igy," 2 vols. 8vo. 1847. and Loiid ,1851; 
"Guide to the Savi mr," 16mo, and several 
smaller works ; " Lectures to Professing Chris- 
tians," 8vo, 1936. 

Firmin, Giles, divine and author, b. 
Snir.dk Co.. F.ng., 1615: d. Uidgwell. Essex, 
Eng , Apr. 1697. He eutcretl Cambridge U. 
in 1629, but left In-foro grailuaiin;:. and came 
to N.E. with Kev. John Wilson in 1632. Ho 
returned to Eng. iM'forc 0>-t. 1633, and came 
a^ain to N.E. in 1637. He and Uev. J..hn 
IIigi;inson, afterwards of Salem, Mass., were 



FIS 



325 



FIS 



employed by the synod oJ" 1 637 to take notes 
of its pruceediii;^s. Ue settled at Ipswich, 
where, Jan. 4, 1638-9, he was graiiteU 100 
acres of land, and practised medicine there ; 
adm. a freeman of Ms., May 22, 1639 ; m. Su- 
san, dau. of Rev. Nathaniel Ward, before Dec. 
26, 16'J9; clerk of the writs tor Ipswich, 
from Dec. 1641 to June, 1642. Keturning to 
Europe in the fall of 1644 he was wrecked 
near Cadiz, but arrived in Eng. in the follow- 
ing sumiuer. He was at Colchester in 1646, 
and in 1651 was settled at Shalford, whence 
he was ejected in 1662. He subsequently prac- 
tised medicine, and preached at Ridgwell. His 
most famous work, " The Real Christian," 4to, 
1670, was several times reprinted, —^ once in 
Boston. Author, aNo, of many theol. trea- 
ti.ses. — See Mtmoir, bij John Ward Dean. 

Fish, H.\.MH.TOX, LL.D., lawyer and 
statesman, son of Col. Nicholas, b. N.Y. City 
in 1S09. ("olumb. Coll. 1827. Adm. to the 
bar in 1830; in 1837 was elected to the State 
IcL'isl. ; M.C. from 1843 to 1845; lieut-gov. 
N.Y. 1847-9; gov. in 1849-51; U.S. sena- 
tor from 1851 to 1857; sec. of State since 4 
Mnr. 1869. 

Fish, HcNRY Cl.\t, D.D., b. Halifiix, Vt., 
1820. I'astorol the 1st Baptist Church, New- 
ark, N.J. Author of " Primitive Piety Re- 
vived," a prize as<ay, Bost. 1855 ; " History and 
Repository of Pulpit Eloquence," 2 vols. 8vo, 
1856; "Pulpit Eloquence of the 19th Cen- 
tury." 8vo, 1857; "Select Discourses from 
the German and French," 12mo, 1858. 

Fish, Col. Nicholas, Revol. officer, b. 
New York, Aug. 28, 1758; d. there June 20, 
1S33. At the age of 16, he entered X.J. Coll., 
which he soon left, and commenced the study 
of law in the oflBce of John Morin Scott. In 
the spring of 1776, he was app. aide-de-camp to 
Gen. Scott; June 21, major of brigade under 
the same officer; Nov. 21, major of the 2d 
N.Y. regt. ; and, at the close of the war, was a 
lieut.-col. Ue was in both battles of Saratoga ; 
in 1778 was a division inspector, under Steu- 
ben ; com. a corps of light inf. at the battle 
of Monmouth; served in Sullivan's exped. 
against the Indians in 1779 ; was attached to 
the light inf, under Lafayette in 1780; and 
in 1781 took an active part with his regt. in 
the operations which resulted in the surrender 
of Cornwallis. He was major of the detach- 
ment, under Hamilton, which so gallantly 
stormed a British redoubt at Yorktown. Col. 
Fish was an excellent disciplinarian, and pos- . 
sesscd in a high degree the confidence of 
Washington. He was app. adj. -gen. of the 
State in Apr. 1786, an oBice which he held 
many years. He was a supervisor of the reve- 
nue, under Washington in 1794, and an alder- 
man of N.Y. City from 1806 to 1817. He was 
an active member of many of the benevolent, 
literary, and religious institutions of his 
native city. He became pres. ot the N.Y. So- 
ciety 'of the Cincinnati in 1797. — Am. Ann. 
liifl. viii. 

Fishbum, Ma.j.-Gi;x. William, Revol. 
soldier, d. Waltcrbo'ough, S C.Nov. 3, 1819, 
n. 59. He was on the staff of (jen. Wayne, to 
whom he was aide-de<'amp at the capture of 
Stony Point. Member of the convention 



which framed the constitution of S.C, and 
subsequently a member of the State legisl. 

Fisher, Alexander Metcalf, prof of 
mathematics and nat. pliilos. in Y.C., b. Frank 
lin, Ms., 1794; d. Apr. 22, 1822. Y.C. 1813. 
Tutor in 1815, and professor from 1817 till 
his death. Si/Iintan^s .Tonrmil of Science and 
the Alls contains some of his scientific papers. 

Fisher, Alvas, painter, b. Neeilhara, Ms., 
Aug. 9, 1792 ; d. Dedham, Ms., Feb 14, 1863. 
He was intended for a mercantile life ; but at 
IS his tastes led him to study his art with an 
ornamental painter named Pennyman. In 
1814, he began portrait-painting; afterward he 
produced cattle-pieces and landscapes, but re- 
sumed portrait-painting, which he carried on 
many years with success in Boston. His por- 
trait of Spurzheim was much admired. 

Fisher, Charles, D.C.L., lawyer and 
statesman of N. B., b. York County, U.C. 
Grad. at King's Coll., N. B. Studied law, 
and was adm. to the bar. Elected to parlia- 
ment in 1837 ; in Mar. 1865, he was rejected 
for advocating a union of the British Prov- 
inces, but was elected again soon after. 
Member es.ec. council, 1848-51 ; app. in 
1852 a commissioner to codify the prov. 
statutes; attv.-gen. Oct. 1854-Mav, 1856, and 
again in 1856-61, and since Apr. 1866; a 
delegate on the question of union in Oct. 
1S64, and again in July, 1866, to London, 
where its terms were arranged ; and in July, 
1865, was a delegate to the great trade con- 
vention at Detroit. 

Fisher, Elwood, editor and statistical 
writer, b Oct. 1, 1808; d. Atlanta, Ga., 
Oct. 1, 1862. Though of Quaker de.-^cent, he 
was long known as an ardent and extreme 
difcnder of slavery, and for years ailvocated 
with his pen the secession of the Southern 
States. In 1850, he established, with this 
avowed 'object, the Southern Press, in Wash- 
ington. — Ap/ileton. 

Fisher, John Charlton, LL.D., Cana- 
dian journalist; d. Sept. 1849, on board the 
steamer " Sarah Sands," whilst returning 
from Eng. After founding and editing the 
.V. 1'. Aibi'on, ho went to Quebec in 1823 to 
conduct the Official (Sazettc. but in 1831 was 
directed to suspend his political articles, as 
they were not in accordance with the views of 
the dominant party in Eng. ; and his paper was 
reduced to a mere official sheet. He then 
edited the Quebec Merciirij some years, and in 
1841 started the Consrrvative, a weekly jour- 
nal. Pies, of tlie Quebec Literary and Hist. 
Society, and a man of high literary attain- 
ments. — ilorqan. 

Fisher, John Dix, M.D. (H.U. 1825), 
eminent as an instructor of the blind ; d. Mar. 
3, 18.50, a. 53. Brown U. 1820. He visited 
Europe, informed himself concerning the 
methods of instructing the blind, rendered 
efficient assistance in the organization and 
subsequent nniniigement of the Perkins Insti- 
tution for the Blind at Boston, and was also a 
visiting physician to the Ms Gen. Hospital. 
Author of " Description of the Small Pox, 
Varioloid," &c., 4to, Boston, 1834, 13 col. 
plates. 

Fisher, Jonathan, minister of Blue Hill. 



BTTS 



326 



FI3 



Me., from Julv 13, 1796, to his d., Sept. 22, 
1S47; h. New'Braintree, Ms., Oct. 17,1768. 
II, U. 1792. Licensed to preiiih. Oit. 1, 1793. 
A severe Calviiiist. His whole life was n " pre- 
constriicted, fi>re-ordaiiied system," orderly, 
iiiclhodic.il, ami prciisc. His own industry 
and thrift were emulated by his people, who 
were remarkable also for nmrality and ;;ooJ 
principles. He was a pood farmer, labored 
in the bnihlini: of his own honse, made his 
own clock, painted portraits, was n prolific 
poet, and cn},'raved on wood, with his pen- 
knife, most of the animals mentioned in 
Scripture, and |iub. them, with a description, 
in a book. He sometimes walked to Banj;or, 
70 miles, and home afjain. He was a good 
lin^'nist, and compiled a Hebrew lexi<on. 

Fisher, Joshua, M.D., physician, b. 
Dedhani, Ms., May, 1749; d. Beverly, M<., 
Mar. 21, 1833. H.U. 1766. Sur-eon of a 
private armed .ship in 1775; was captnred, 
escaped to France, and afterwards settled in 
practice at Beverly. A zealous student of 
natural history, jie bequeathed S2().O0O to 
H.U. to found a professorshi)! of that science. 
Pres, Ms. Med. soc. He pub. a " Discourse 
on Narcotics," 1806. Dr. Walter Cliannin" 
pub. a brief memoir of him. — Williams's Mid. 
Bio;. 

Fisher, Myles, lawyer of I'hila. ; d. 1819, 

a. 71. .Miiubcr of ihe Society of Friends. A 
man of science, and an eloquent orator. He 
pub. an " Answer to Paine's Ajre of Reason." 

Fisher, Redwood, statistician, b. Phila., 
1783; d. tnere May 17, 1856. Some years a 
merchant of Phila., but removed to N.Y., 
edited a daily newspaper, and took an active 
part in public affiiirs. He pub. several vols, 
on " Political Economy," and possessed great 
intiirinatiun on statistical subjects. 

Fisher, Tnojus, poet and scientific writer, 

b. Phila., Jiin. 21, 1801 ; d, there Feb. 12, 1856. 
He entered upon commercial pursuits; was an 
active member of the Acad, of Nat. Sciences; 
pub. a " Dial of the Seasons," 1835 ; " Mathe- 
matics Simplified and Made Attractive," 18.53; 
and. in 18.50, "Song of the Sea-Shells, and 
other Poems." — Simi'son. 

Fisher, Wii.li,vm M.\bk. painter, b. Bos- 
ton, 15 Dec. 1841, Studied lirst with George 
Inncs ; in 1864 at Paris, in the Life School 
and in the atelier of Gleyre ; again, in 1867, 
siudicil from Nature in the environs of Paris, 
Iiainting uuiny t/e»re pictures, also landscape 
anil cattle. Is a conscientious student, and 
wields a vigorous pencil. 

Fisk, Fidelia, missionary to Persia, 
184-3-58; d. Shclburne, Ms.," 9 Auj. 1864. 
She had been a te.ncber, and pnh. " Memorial 
of Mount Holyoke .Seminary," " Woman and 
lier Saviour in IVrsia," and at the time of her 
d. was engaged upon " Reminiscences of Mary 
Lyon." 

Fisk, .James, a Democ. politician, h. ah. 
1762; d. Swanton, Vt., Dec. 1, 1844. Self 
educated. He studied law, rose to eminence 
in the profes.sion ; was M.C. from 1805 to 
1809, and from 1811 lo 1815; was app judge 
of the Territory of lud. in 1812, but declined 
the office; in 1815 and 1816 was one of the 
judges of the Supreme Court of Vi. ; U..'^. 



senator in 1817 and 1818; and subsequcntlv, 
during 8 years, was collecior of customs in 
the Dist. of Vt. 

Fisk, James, Jun., financier, Opera-Bouffe 
and Erie manager, b. Pownal, Vt , April 1, 
1 835. At the age of 1 8 he " managed " a ped- 
dler's wagon in the New-Eng. towns, and 
was afterwards a clerk, and then partner, in 
the Boston dry-goods house of Jordan, Marsh, 
& Co. In N.Y. his rise has been rapid and 
brilliant. In 1863, he purchased the old Ston- 
ington line of steamers, and in Aug. 1868 
placed on the route between Boston and NY. 
the magnificent Bri-tol line. In Oct. 1867, 
he was rc-elcctcd director of the Erie Railroad 
Co,_ In 1868, he bouglit Pike's Opera House, 
N.Y. ; purchased Batcmau's interest in 0|jera 
Boutie; and erected a tliea re on 24th St., near 
5th Av. Col. 'Jih X.Y.S.M. Assass. Jan. 6, 1872. 

Fiske, John, capt. in the Revoi. marine, 
b. Salem, Ms., Apr. 10, 1744 ; d. there Sept. 
28, 1797. .Son of Rev. Samuel of the First 
Church, Salem. He was in 1775 a master 
mariner, and was capt. of" The Tyrannicide," 
the first war-vessel coniniis. by the State of 
Ms., July 8, 1776. In her he made many 
successful cruises, and fought many sangui- 
nary conflicts. Dec. 10, 1777, he took com. 
of the State ship " Massachusetts," a larger 
and better vessel. He acquired tame and for- 
tune; after the war, engaged in coninieR'e, 
and was made maj.gen. of militia in 1792. 

Fisk, Nathan, D.D. (H.U. 1792), divine, 
b. Weston, Ms., .Sept. 20, 1733; d. Nov. 24, 
1799. H.U. 17.54, Ord. pastor 3d Chunh in 
Brookfield, May 28, 1758. He was a critical 
and learned scholar, though not a popular 
])reacher. He wrote a number of essays tor 
the Ms. Spi/, under the title of " The Wones- 
ter Speculator," also of " A Neighbor," and 
in the Ms. Mai/azine under that of " The 
General Observer," also for the PhiUinl/iro/nsI 
in 20 Nos. His other works are " Sermon on 
Ihe Settlement and Growth of Brookfield," 
1775; "Oration on the Capture of Corn- 
wallis," 1781; " Dudleian Lecture," 1796; 
"A Volume of Sermons," 8yo, 1794; and the 
"Moral .Monitor," 1801. — Eliot. 

Fiske, Nathan Wilhy, ]>rof. of intel- 
lectual and moral ]ihilos. in Amh. Coll., Ms., 
b. Weston, Ms., Apr. 17, 1798 ; d. Jerusalem, 
May 27, 1847. D.C. 1817. He had charge of 
nn acail. at New Castle for one year; served 
as tutor in DC. for two years; studied 
at the And. Theol. Sem., and in 1823-4 
spent a winter in Savannah in missionary 
labors. Popular as a preacher. He was offered 
the professorship of mathematics ami natural 
pliiliiso))hy in Alid. Coll., Vt., which he de- 
clined, but in 1824 accepted the professorship 
of languages in Amh. Coll., from which he 
was in 1836 transferred to the chair of philos. 
He pub. a " Manual of Classical Literature," 
from the German of Eschenburg, with addi- 
tions, 3d edition, 1841 ; " Young Peter's 
Tour arounil the World," IGmo, N. Y. ; 
" Story of Aleck," &c., 18mo. Boston. 

Fisk, Pliny, missionary, b. Shelburnc, 
Ms., Juno 24, 1792 ; d. Bcirodt, Syria, Oct. 23, 
1825. Mid. Coll. 1814. He studied theology 
at Andovcr, and sailed as a missionary to Pal- 



FIS 



327 



estine, Nov. 3, 1819. At Smyrna, lie stu<liej 
tlie Eastern hinf^'iuiges ; ami in 18'21 he went 
to E^vpt, anil thence aiioss the deserts to 
Juilaja, stiulyina: and preaching till he died. 
During his la.st illness, he was engaged in com- 
pleting an English and Arabic dictionarv. — 
See All-in Bond's Life of P. Fisk, 12niu, 1828. 

Fisk, Rev. S.vmuel, clergyman, author, 
and soldier ; d. Fredericksburg, Va., of wounds 
at the battle of the Wiliierness, May 22, 1864. 
Amli. Coll. 1848. Author of "Letters from 
Europe," written for the Spriniifiehl Rejntbiican, 
signed "Dunn Browne." In 1861, he was 
pastor of a church at Madison, Ct.. but entered 
the army; fought bravely in several battles; 
was (or some time a ])risonerat Richmond, and 
at his death held the rank of capt. 

Fisk, Wilbur, D.I). (Aug. Coll. 1829), 
Methodist minister and educator, b. Braitle- 
boro", Vt., Aug. 31, 1792; d. Middletown, 
Ct., Feb. 22, 1839. Brown U. 1815. To enal)le 
himself to defray the cost of his coll. course, 
he became private tutor in Col. Riilgcley's 
family, near Bait. He studied law, but entered 
the ministryin 1818, and became eminent, not- 
withstanding ill health. He labored 2 yi'ars 
in Crafisbur_v, Vt. In 1819, he was app. to 
Charlestown.Ms. Dcleg. to the* gen. conference 
in 1824, and chosen to write the address to the 
British conference. Principal of the Weslevan 
Acad, at VVilbraham, Ms., 1826-31. Dele;;, to 
the gen. conference of 1828, and elected hisliop 
of the Canada conf., but declined. At the gen. 
conf of 1832, his appeals in behalf of Indian 
missions resulted in the organization of the 
Oregon mission. He was instrumental in 
founding Williamstown Acad., and from 1830 
until his death was pres. of the U. of Middle- 
town, Ct. In search of health, he passed the 
winter of 1835 in Italy, and the summer of 
1836 in Eng. Elected bishop in 1836, but 
declined. He pub. " Notes of Travels in Eu- 
rope," I vol.8vo, illustrated, and some sermons 
and addresses. His Life and Writings have 
been pub. by Rev. Dr. Holdieh, 8vo, 1842, 
N.V. 

Fitch, Ebenezer, D.D. (H.U. 1800), 
pres. Wins. Coll. Aug. 1793-May, 1815. De- 
scended from James, minister of Say brook and 
of Norwich, Ct. ; b. Norwich, Ct., 26 Sept. 
1756; d. W. Bloomfield, N.Y., 21 Mar. 1833. 
Y.C. 1777. Tutor there, 1780-3 and 1786-91, 
and principal of the Williamstown school from 
Oct. 1791 until its erection as a coll. Ord. 17 
June, 1795; pastor of the Presb. Church of 
Bloomfield, N.Y., Nov. 29, 1815-Nov. 25, 1827. 

Fitch, Elijah, clergyman and poet, b. 
1743 ; d. Hopkinlon, Ms., Dec. 16, 1788, Y.C. 
1 765. He received the honorary degree of A.M. 
from H.U. in 1770, and from 1771 to 1788 was 
njluister of Hopkinton. He wrote " The 
Beauties of Religion, a Poem addressed to 
Youth," in 5 books, and a short poem entitled 
" The Choice," Providence, 1789. 

Fitch, James, first minister of Norwich, 
Ct.. b. Bocking, Essex, Eng., Dec. 24, 1622; 
il. Lebanon, Nov. 18, 1702. After receiving 
an excellent classical education, he came to 
N.E. at the age of 16 ; spent seven years under 
the instruction of Hooker and Stone ; was 
pastor at Saybrook in 1646-60; and subse- 



quently of Norwich. He preached to the 
Slohegans in their own langnage, and gave 
them some of his land to induce them lo culti- 
vate. He wrote " The First Principles of the 
Doctrine of Christ," Boston, 1679, and some 
sertnous. — Hist. Mag., v., 217. 

Fiteh, John, inventor, builder of the first 
steamboat in America, b. E. Windsor, Ct., 
Jan. 21,1743; d. Bardstown, Ky., July 2, 
179S. He had a common school education ; 
followed various pursuits in his youth, and, 
having married unhappily, left what projierty 
he had to his wife and children, and sought a 
separate fortune. During the Revol., he was 
an armorer in the service, afterward a sutler, 
and as a silversmith, and manufacturerof silver 
and brass sleeve-buttons at Trenton, N.J., 
had amassed considerable Continental money. 
He was next a surveyor in Va., and, while 
exploring Ohio early in 1782. was taken by 
Indians, but returned to his home in Bucks 
Co., Pa., at the close of the year. During 
his Western explorations, in which he prciiared, 
engraved on copper, and printed on a jiress of 
his own manufacture, a map of the N. W coun- 
try, he conceived the idea that the great West- 
ern rivers might be navigated by steam. In 
1788, he applied (bra patent for the applieation 
of steam to navigation, he having constructed 
a lioat that could be propelled 8 miles an hour. 
July 27, 1786, his successful expirimeut led to 
the formation of a company in Phila., and the 
building of a small steam-packet, which con- 
veyed passengers until 1790, when the company 
(iiilcd. In 1793, he tried his steamboat projects 
in France without success, the times being un- 
pro]jitious. He afterward went to Ky. to as- 
certain the condition of his Western jirojierry, 
which he (bund overrun with squatters, and no 
encourn;,'cment for his steam-projects. He left 
in a sealed envelope, opened in 1823, a detailed 
history of his .adventures in the steamboat en- 
terprise, inscribed " To my children and to 
future generations," with a journal and other 
papers, from which an iutercsiing hiograpliy 
was prepared by Thompson Westcott, and pub, 
in Phila. in 1867. A Memoir, by C. Whittlesey, 
is in Sparks's "Am. Biog." 

Fitch, Tho-mas, gov. of Ct. from 1754 to 
1766, b. Ct., 1699 ; d. July 18, 1774. Y. Coll. 
1721. He devoted himself to the law, and 
filled successively, with unsurpassed integrity 
and wisdom, the ofiices of counsellor, judge of 
the Superior Court, chf. justice, 1750-4, lieut.- 
gov., and gov. In 1 763, he took the oath of office 
prescribed in the Stamp Act, and was ilrivcn 
into retirement, in con.sequence, the next year. 
. Fitz, Henrt, telescope-maker, b. Newbuiy- 
port, Ms., 18U8; d. N. Y. City, Nov. 6, 1863. 
At first a printer ; alterward, for many years, a 
locksmith. In 1835, he made a reflecting tele- 
scope, and, in the winter of 1844. invented a 
method of perfecting object-glasses for refract- 
ing telescopes, making the first one of the 
bottom of an ordinary tumbler. The fair of 
the Amer. Institute in 1845 brought his in- 
struments into notice ; and he afterward devot- 
ed hiiTiself exclusively and successfully to their 
manuf, succeeding in making an instrument of 
16-inch aperture. The delicacy of his inven- 
tion was such as to detect the change m form 



328 



FI^A. 



by expnnsion of an objcct-Blass, cffooUsI by 
piv^sin^ ihi: fiii;{cr over ii on ii ftx>»ty ni^bt- lie 
(IUhI just lis he was almiit to pi to Euro|>c to 
select H |;''>^^ '<"' >> ''2't-iiu'b lilesooin-, nnil to 
procure |Kiieiiis lor a eameni, involving a new 
i'jrin of len-e-. 

Fitzgertdd, Lf>Ru Kuward, b. Oct. 15, 

I7C3; J. June 4,I79$l. Knteriu); the nrinv, he 
bccnino, in 1779, iiiile-<leH;iini|) to Lord Itmv- 
don ; grviitly di>liii^. himself on several oeea- 
sions, and wits sever^Oy u-onniled at Kutaw 
8|>rin;:s. In I7S8. he was at Halifax with the 
54th iei;t., and tnivelled thron^'h ihe U.S. to 
N.Orleans. In 173-J, he ni. the beautiful and 
neeoiu|ili»hed rainelu, Ok/h-oI^'A and supposed 
dan. of Madame de (leiilis. \Vhile in Ameri- 
ca, he had inibilnd republican ideas, and, twin;; 
in Paris during' the French Kevol , publiciv rc- 
nounceil his title in )7'i2. and was dismissed 
the army, lietuniiii^' to Uublln, he connect- 
ed himself in 1796 with the revol. organ- 
ization known as the Uuite<l Irishmen, and 
was killed while re.-i.->tiiig the officers sent to 
take him 

Fitzbugb, Andrbw. capt. U.S.N., b. Va., 
1 7'.0 ; d. Fiiirlax Co., Va., Oct. 2, I WO. Mid- 
shipman. , I S. 1811 ; lieui. April 21. 1816; 

ma.-^tiT. Kel.. 9. l-*t7 ; capt. Keb. 14, 184-3. 

Fitzbugh, William. incinl>er (lid Con- 
gres- liom Va , 1779-Sil ; d. 1809, a. 8.1. 

Fitzpatrick, Blsjvmin, lawyerand |)oli- 
tician, li. tJiven Co, Ga., June ho, 1802; d. 
Antaujja Co., Ala., Nov. 25, 1869. Ix-ft an 
orphan, he enii^'. in 1813 to ih valley of the 
Ala. Uiver, near Mont^joniery, where ho after- 
ward resided, lie received as yood an edaca- 
lion u,s new countries j^encnilly allbrd ; siuilied 
law, and was adin. to ])rnctlcc in 1821 ; wiis 
solicitor of the judicial ilist. in which he lived, 
until, in 1829. his healili compelled him to re- 
linquish his prolession.nnd settle upon a farm. 
Gov. of Ala. from 1841 to 1845 ; U.S. senator 
in 1848-9 anil 18JJ-CI, and look an ncti^-cpart 
in the RU-llion. lie seldom en';a;;cd in de- 
bate, was a man of cool jud;;inent and a;,'rcc- 
nhlc manners, ni:d was often called to the chair 
of the sen.ile as president pro tent. 

Fitzpatrick, John Bkrnard, U. D. 

(II. U. 1861), U-C. bishop of Boston, b there 
Nov. 1812; d. Feb. 1.3, 1866. He was etlucat- 
cd at the Boston schools, a coll. at .Miuitreul, 
and the Sulpician Coll., I'aris. Onl. priest, ho 
returned to Boston in 1840, was then pastor of 
f*t. John's Church, East Cambridj'c, tHvaine 
co-adjutor to Bishop I'cnwiek, .Mnrih 24. 1844, 
nnd in 1846 8nr>x<ene<l him as bishop. He vis- 
itol Kuro|)o in 1854, and Bj:aiu in 1862. lie 
ranked lii.;h as a scholar, and was a member 
of til • Ac id. of Arts and Scieiices- 

FitZSimmonS, Thomas, statcsin:in, b- 
Irrliind, 1741 ; d. Pliila., Aiii;- 1811. Durin;; 
the l{evol., he com a vol. company, and was an 
eminent nio.chani of I'hila. His house (fieo. 
Meade & Co.) siib-^ribeil to supply the army, in 
1780, X.'i.OrtO. Many vear^ a inenibi-r ol' the 
Slate Assembly ; a defe;;alc to the Old Con- 
gress in 1782-^3, nnd to the Federal Const. 
Ciinv. ill 1787; M.C. 1789-95; pres. of the 
I'hil-i. Chamber of Commerce, and of the N.A. 
lii>uianee Co. 

Flaget, Benedict JosErn, D.D., R.C. 



bishop of Louisville, Kv. ; conscc. Xo»". 4, 1810 ; 
d. 18.'>0. 

Flagg, EiiMCND, jonnuilist and author, b. 
Wisca«set, Me., Nov. 24, 1815. Bowd. Coll. 
1835. After lenchin;; at l>otiisville, where he 
was a contrib. to I'reniicc's Lmiifcillt Journal, 
he tnivelled in 18.36 over ilie prairies of III. 
and Mo , the result- of which were pub- in 
iai8, entitled " The Far West." He was aclin. 
to the bar in 1837, and cominence<l pnu-tii-e in 
Mo. ; edited the St. Ix>uis /'iiiVy t'ommerritJ 
IhilUtiii, 18:18; next ass >c. himself with I'ren- 
lice in the fjt'ilsviHf IJttmrtf Sftn-l^tter, and 
in the sprini; of 1840 lio;;an to praciisc law 
with S. S. Prentiss at Vicksbur;, .Mpi. In 
1842, hcconducted t\\K(iitzrtt\ at Marietta. O., 
and wrote two novels, '• Carrero " and " Kraii- 
cis of Vahiis." In 1844-5, he condiicied the 
^(. hnils Eceiiimi llnziVr, nnd for several years 
was rejioncr of the county conns, publishinir, 
ill the meantime, the novels, "The Howard 
Queen," " Blanche of Artois." and several 
dramas. In 1848. he nccoinp. E A. IInnne-,;an, 
minister to Berlin, as si-c., and trnvelleil over 
Enj;-, Germany, and Fninee. Iiri8.V>-l, ho 
was consul at Venice, and, returninj.' in Nov. 
1 851 , took cliarj^p of a Ueinne. pa|n'r at N. Or- 
leans. In 18.')2. he puh. " Venice, the 'itv of 
lheSea."anda ihinl vol.,entiiled "Xorih Italy 
since 1849." In 1854, he contrib sketches on 
the West to" The U.S. IlluMraled," by .Mayer, 
N.Y. lie has since been chief clerk of a com- 
inereial bureau in the dent, of Slate, Wash- 
ington. In 1856-7, as chief of statistic-", he 
prepared " A Re|>ort on the Commercial Kdn- 
tions of the U.S. with Voni;;ii Nations." He 
has pn-paivd for puMicati^in an hi>lurical novel, 
"The List of the Military Templars." 

Flagg, Geohoe W..' artist, h. N. Haven, 
Ct., June 26. 1816. Passing: his boyhood in 
Charleston, S.C., he had the in--truction of his 
uncle, Allston. and exciteil admiration by his 
juvenile portriit of Bishop En);lanil. A 
picture of the " Murder of the Princes," from 
iiichanl III-, proenred him the supjuirt of Ln- 
inan Uead, tliroii;;li whose aid he made a throe- 
years' visit to Eiiro|>c, since which he has passeil 
many years in I.<oiid. Anioii); his picinres are 
the " Mouse-Boy," " MaicliGirl, " Yonn;; 
Greek," " Jacob and Kachel at the Well," 
"Liindinj' of the Pilnrims." " Landinc of the 
Atlantic Cable," " Gooil Samaritan," ■' Scarlet 
Ixaier," and "Columbus and the Egg." — 
Turhrrman. 

Flanders, Benjamin Franklin, b. Briv 
till, X-11 , Jan. 26, 1816. Dartm. Coll. 1812. 
He went to N. Orleans in Jan. 184.3, read law, 
and taught there ; edited the 7ro//icab. a yeur ; 
sec. and treas. of the X.O. and 0|K"lou»as H.U. 
Co. fnnn 18.">2 lo Jan. 1862. wIhmi foreed to 
flee North on uccoiint of his Unionism ; re- 
turned on its capture; citv treas. in 1862; 
M.C. 1863-7. and gov. of U.'l867-«. — J/mi»- 
ni l>,vi,«. l-.Jl. 

Flanders, Henhv, author, b. Plainfield, 
X.ll. ; li:is pull. " Tn-atiseon Maritime I..aw," 
8vii, 1,<52; "Treatise of ihc Law of Ship- 
ping," 8vii, I8.i3 ; " Lives nnd Tunes of the 
Chief Justices of the U.S.," 2 vols. 8vo, 183.5-8 ; 
" Memoirs of Cuinlierland," 8vo, 1856 ; " The 
Principles of Insurance," &c. (in press 1871). 



FLE 



829 



FLI 



Fleet, Thomas, printer, b. Shropshire, 
Kn;;., S Sept. 1685 ; d. Boston, July 21, 1758. 
He was a printer in Bristol, came to Boston 
in 1712, and soon after established himself in 
" Piiddia'; Lane," now Devonshire Street, 
lie was the |)utative father of the celebrated 
" Mother (Joosc's Melodies." In H-tS, he be- 
came iiroprietor and pub. of the Weeklj lie- 
Amdsu/, newspaper; which name was in 1735 
chaii;;ed to the IJoston Evenini] Punt. It was 
coiiducted by him and his two sons, Thomas 
and Joii.v, who succeeded him till Apr. 24, 
177.'), when it was discontinued. Ann Fleet, 
dau. of John, d. Boston, July .30, 1860, a. 89. 
Thomas d. Boston, Mar. 6, 1797, a. 65. ; John 
d. Boston, Mar. 18, 1806, a. 71. The first ed. 
of Hutchinson's " lli:>t. of Ms." was pub. at 
their press. From 1779 to 1801, they pub. 
Fleet's " Annual Ile.^ister." 

rieming, Col. Thomas, Revol. soldier; 
d. Auir. 1776. He com. the troops from 
Botetourt Co., Va., in the battle of Point Pleas- 
ant with tlie Indians, and was thrice wounded. 
Col. 9th Va. regt. in the Kevol.,app. March 2, 
1776. 

Pleming, William, of Cumberland, Va., 
statesman, b. 1734; d. Feb. 1824. Wm. and 
Mary Coll. Member of the House of Burgesses, 
and of the Va. conventions, in 1775-6 ; mem- 
ber of the committee on Independence in that 
of May, 1776; jud;;e of the General Court, 
and presidiujj; judge of the Court of Appeals ; 
member of the Old Congress, 1779-81. 

Fletcher, RicnAUO, LL.D. (Dartm. Coll. 
1816), lawver, b. Cavendish, Vt., Jan. 8, 
17S8; d. Boston, June 21, 1869. Dartm. 
Coll. 1806. He studied law with Daniel 
Webster; was adm. to the bar in 1809, and 
was settled at Salisbury until 1825, when he 
removed to Boston, taking high rank at the 
bar. He was leading counsel for the War- 
ren Briil.:e proprietors in their famous case 
with the Charh's River BKdge Co. He was 
often opjiosed by Webster and Mason, of whom 
he was a worthy antagonist, and was emi- 
nent in all branches of legal practice. Mem- 
ber of the .Ms. legisl. ; M.C. 1837-9; judge 
of the Ms. Supreme Court, 1848-53. He be- 
queathed SI 00,000 to Dartm. Coll. 

Fletcher, William A., jurist, b. Ms. ; d. 
Ann Arljor, Mich., ab. 1855. He settled in 
Mich. ab. 1820; was many years a successful 
lawyer in Detroit; was at one time atty.-gen.- 
of the territory ; in 1835, on the adoption of 
the first State Constitution, was app. chief jus- 
tice of the Sup. Court, and. retiring from the 
bencli in 1842. resumed practice. He prcj)ared 
the " Revised Statutes " of Mich., pub. in 1 838. 

Fleury, Loun, Chevalierand Viscount ile, 
a lieut.-iol. in the Revol. army; d. a tielil- 
inarshnl in France. A descendant of the emi- 
nent cardinal, and educated as an engineer; 
became a maj.in the regt. /f.xicri/MC, and, coming 
to Amer., otf-Ted his services to Washington, 
who gave tiiin a captain's commission. For 
his gallantry at Fort Mifflin, on the Del., and 
at the battle of Brandywine, he received from 
Congress the present of a horse, and was pro- 
moied to lient.-col. Nov. 26, 1777. In the win- 
ter of 1777-8, he was sub-inspector under Steu- 
ben. Adj.-gcn. of Lee's division, June 4, 1 778. 



In July, 1778, he was second in com. of a Ii'glit 
inf. corps in the R. I. exped., and afterward 
com. a batt. of light inf under Washington. 
At the storm of Stony Point, in July, 1779, he 
com. the van of the right column, was the first 
to enter the British works, and struck the 
Brftisli standard with his own hand. For his 
share in this brilliant exploit, Fleury received 
the thanks of Congress and a silver medal. 
When Rochambeau arrived in 1780, Floury 
left the Amer. service, and became an oHicer 
under him, soon afterw.ird returning to France. 

Flint, Abel, D.D. (Un. Coll. 1818), min- 
ister of the second church in Hurtlord, b. 
Windham, Aug. 6, 1765; d. Mar. 7,1825. 
Y.C. 1785. Tutor B. U. 1786-90. Ord. Apr. 
20, 1791. He pub. " Geometry and Trigo- 
nometry, with a treatise on Surveying," 1806, 
and a translation of some of the sermons of 
Massillon and Bourdalouc. 

Flint, AcSTiN, M.D. (H U. 18,33), physi- 
cian, b. Petersh.im, JIs., 1812. Educated at 
Amii. and Harv. Colleges. After practising 
successively in Boston and Northampton, lie 
removed in 1836 to Buft'alo ; in 1844 became 
prof, of the institutes and practice of medicine 
in the Rush Med. Coll. at Chicago; resigned 
1845, and from 1846 to 1856 edited the liiif- 
filoiled. Joitnuil. In 1847, he was one of the 
founders of the Bufl^alo Med. Coll., and was 6 
years prof, of the principles and practice of med- 
icine and of clinical medicine. From 1852 to 

1856, he filled the chair of the theory and prac- 
tice of mcdicinehi theU. of Louisville, Ky., and 
then took the chair of pathology and clinical 
medicine at Buffalo. From 1858 to 1861, he 
spent the winters in N. Orleans as prof, of 
clinical medicine in the rned. school, and visit- 
ing phvsician to the charity hospital. Remov- 
ing toN.Y. in 1859, he was in I8B1 made prof, 
of the principles and practice of medicine in 
the Bellevue Coll. hospital, and of pathology 
and practical medicine in the L. I. Coll. hos- 
pital, and visiting physician to Bellevue. He 
has pub. clinical reports on " Continued Fe- 
ver," 1852 ; " Chronic Pleurisy," 1853 ; " Dys- 
entery," 18.53; "Physical Exploration and 
Diagnosis of Diseases affecting the Respiratory 
Organs," 1856; and "Practical Treatise on 
Diseases of the Heart," 1859. His essays on 
" The Variation of Pitch and Percussion and 
Respiratory Sounds," and on the " Clinical 
Study of the Heart-Sounds in Health and 
Disease," received the first prizes of the Amer. 
Mcil. Assoc, in 1852 and 1859. 

Flint, Austin, so'i of the preceding, b. 
Northampton, Ms, 1836. Jeff. Med. Coll. 

1857. Berame prof, of physiology, U. of 
Buffalo, 1858, and afterward in the L. I. Coll. 
hospital. His essay on " The Excretory Func- 
tion of the Liver " received from the French in- 
stitute a prize of 1,.'>00 francs. Contrib. to the 
Amrr. .lo'ir. of Med. Science, &c. Author of 
" Physiology of Man," 4 vols. 8vo. 

Flint, Charlks Lewis, sec. of the Ms. 
Board of Agriculture since its organization in 
1852, b. Middlcton, Ms., 8 May, 1824. II. U. 
1849. Thomas, his aficestor, probably from 
Wales, camo over ab. 1640, and settled in 
Salem Village. Charles L. was brought upon 
his father's farm, and by his own e-xortiona 



mu 



330 



KLO 



arqnircil a cullc„Ma(e e<liicaiion. lie thua 
etudii-il law, Imi, liuvinfr bixuinc known by his 
conirilK. tu ii;;iic. pnpvrt, was iniluccd to 
acci'pt tlie irasiiion he Imh ko Ion;; tilled with 
distin;:. Hliillly. Bcsiiliai n:;ric. ru|>uriji, he ia 
author of " The A:.Ticiilinreuf Mu>Mi'hu^lts," 
2 vols. 8vo, 1833-4; " Urusses uiid Forage 
rianu," 1837; "Milch t'owa and Dairy 
Farming," 1 83"J ; a new ed. of Harris's " InsecH 
Injurious to Vegeiuiion ; " jinJ, with Geo. B. 
Emerson, " Manual of Agrienlturc," a Iex^ 
book for schools. — >><■ h'lint Oeiiealtrii/. 

Flint, llEXRy.tuiorof Harv. Coll.' 1705-54, 
b. Dorchester, 1073; d. Fell. i;j, 1 7t>0. HU. 
169.3. Son of Josiah of D. A|.p. Fellow of 
U.U. 1700. A vol. of 20 sennons by him was 
pub. 8vo, 1739 —.1/^/1. 

Flint, IIkxhv M., writer, d. Camden, 
N.J., Dee. 12, 1H68. He wrote for the .V.y. 
U'oi7(/, over the signature of" Druid ; " also a 
" Lilij of Stephen A. Douglits," " Mexico 
under Maximilian," and " The History and 
Staii-;-ics of the Uailroads of the U.S." 

Flint, Jacoii, minister of Cohasset, b. 
Keadinu', Ms., Aug. 7. 1768; d. Oct. 11,1835. 
H.U. 17U4. Ord. June 10, 1798. He pub. a 
history of Cohasset in .Ms. Hist. Colls., 2 dis- 
courses on the history of Cohasset, 1S21. 

Flint, .Jo»Mu.i IURKKtt,.M.I). (H U. 1825), 
an eminent surgeon, prof., and author, b. Co- 
hasset, .Ms., Oct. 13, 1801 ; d. Louisville, Kv., 
Mar. 19, 1864. H.U. 1820. Son of Kc-v. 
Jacob, lie practised in Boston in 1825-37; 
was prof of surgery in the Louisville Med. 
Inst. 1837-49; und'froin 1849 to his d. tilled 
the same chair in the Ky. School of Medicine 
at Louisville. Several years a member of the 
Ms. Icgisl. Authorof" Practice of Medicine," 
8vo, 2il cil., 1868. 

Flint, .MicAU P., poet, son of Timothy, b. 
Lunenburg, .\ls., ab. 1807; d. 1830. He 
studied law, and was adm. to the bar at Alex- 
andria, Mj.i. In 1826, he pub. at Boston " Tlio 
Hunicr and other I'oenis.'' He was a frequent 
conttil). to the iVcxIn,, lirvUw. 

Flint, liiiV. TiJiOTiiv, author, b. Rending, 
Ms. .lulv 11, 1730; fl. Salem, Aug. 16, 1840. 
H.U. ISUO. From Nov. 30, 1802, to June 19, 
1814, he was a C(mg. minister at Lunenburg, 
Ms. ; went as a missionary to the .Mpi. Valley 
ill Sept 1813, and was subsequently employed 
as a farmer and teacher at Cincinnati, and' on 
the banks of the lleii River, in La. In 1823, 
he returned to .Ms., broken in health and for- 
tune ; but the change of climate soon restored 
the former, and he turned to literature to 
repair the latt^T. In 18-33, he went to NY., 
Hnd edited a few nnniliers of the Kiiickvrliorhrr 
magazine. In 18-34, he removed to Cincinnati, 
where, ill 1827-30, he edited the Wtslern lie- 
virw. He nlicrward resided in Alexandria, 
Va., and in Ln., but returned to N.K. May 1, 
1840, in ill health. He pub. "History and 
Geography of the .Mi<si,«i|>i.i Valley," 2'vols,, 
1828; "Francis Uerrian, 1826; "George 
Mason, or the Young Barkwoodsman." 1829 ; 
"Arthur Clenning," 1828; " Shoshoncc Val- 
ley," 2 vols-, 18.30; "Indian Wars in the 
^^^est," I8.33; "Lectures on Nat. History, 
Geology, Chemistry, and the Arts," 18.3-3; 
" Memoir of Daoiel liuouc," 1834 ; " Recol- 



lections of the last 10 Years in the Valley of 
the Missis>ippi," 1S26. He contrib. to iho 
LonJ. Athemtuin, in 1833, a series of pa|HT» on 
American literature. He translated Droz'i 
" L'Arl tCElre Urureui," and " Celibacy Van- 
qui«heil." 

Flores, Gbs. Venaxcio. pres. of Uruguay, 
assassinated in .Monti-video, Feb. 22, L868. A 
prominent military otiicer. In 1866, he headed 
a revul. which overthrew the govt, of Vidol, 
and became provis. pres. of the n'pubiic. Feb. 
15, he resigned the office, anil rvfuaed to Itecume 
a candidate for re-election. His sun, and other 
ambitious young men, irritated at his persistent 
refusal, conspired lor his as«a-«sination. 

Flournoy, Thomas S., b. Va. ; M. C. 
1847-9. KilTol in batile in Va. in June, 1864, 
fighting for the Kcbellion. 

Floy, James, D.D. (Wesl. U. 1847), 
clergyman and »cholar, b. N.Y. Citv, Ang. 20, 
1806'; d. there Oct. 14, 1803. l)ick C"ll. 
1841. He s|ient 3 years in Kuro|>c, im- 
proving his education, especially in liotanical 
science, at the roval garden at Kew ; was a<lin. 
to the N.Y. .Meilio.list Conf. in 1835, and Hlled 
several im|iortant otS^es in the church, beside 
conducting the Xnliowil Mii'ia-iiir, anil a 
pa|)er calliil (Juwl X<-u>s. He ediietl the works 
of Dr. (Jlin ; was one of the committee of iho 
Bible Society which prepared its standard 
edition of the Bible, and was a leader of the 
antishivery party of his church. Author of 
" Guide to the Orchard and Fruit Garden," 
12mo. 

Floyd, Joux, statesman, b. Jefferson Co., 
Va. : d. Sweet Springs, Va., Aug. 16, 1837. 
Many years in the Va. Icgisl. ; M.C. l6\7-'29; 
gov. 'of Va. 1830^. 

Floyd, John, gen., b. Beaufort, S.C, Oct. 
3, 1769; d. Camden Co., Ga., June 24, 1839. 
Son of Col. Charles, who was ruim-d pecnni.v 
rily by the Tories of the Revol. They moved 
to Ga'. in 1791, and by boat-building, near iho 
mouth of the St. lila' River, acquired wealrh. 
Brig.-gen. of Ga. militia. .Vug. 1813 to .Mar. 
1814 ; com. at the battle with the Creek Indians 
at Autossce, Ala., Nov. 29, 1813, in which he 
was severely Wounded, and in battle with the 
Creeks at Camp DeKance, Ala., Jan. 27, 1814. 
Often a inenilicr of the State K-gisl.,an«l M.C. 
in 1827-9; maj.-gen. State militia. 

Floyd, Joiis BicHAXAX, |iolitician, b. 
Montgomery Co.,Va., 18o5; d. Abingdon, Va., 
Aug. 26. l!S63. S. C. Coll. 1826. Son of 
Gov. John. Ailm. to the bar in 1828; prac- 
tised law in Helena, Ark., in 1836-9; then 
settled in \Va.-.liington Co., Va. ; nieml>cr of 
the Icgisl. in 1847, '49, and '33 ; gov. of Va. 
1830-.3; exerted himself in the Cincinnati 
convention in support of James Buchanan for 
the presideiiry, and was his sec. of war from 
1837 to 1861. During the latter part of his 
administration, he .secretly prepared the means, 
in munitions of war. to aid the plans of the se- 
cession leaders ; disperseil the army in the re- 
motest parts of the country, whence they could 
not lie readily conveyed to the Atlantic coast, 
and transferred from Northern to .Southern ur 
senals 1 13,00ii muskets. Indicted by the grand 
jury of the Dist. of Columbia, as being privy to 
the abstraction of 9870,000 iu bouds from the 



KLO 



331 



FOL 



dept. of the interior, in the latter part of 1860, 
he left \Vashin;;ton before being brou'jht to tri- 
al. In rewiirdofhis services to the Con federates, 
lie was made a fien. in tlieir army. He was driv- 
en from Western Va. hv Gen. Rosecrans in the 
autumn of 186 1 , and defeated at Carnife.K Ferry, 
Sept. 10. lie escaped from Fort Donelson the 
niglit before its surrender, Feb. 16, 1862, and 
was officially censured by the Confed. Govt., 
and never a;;ain employed. 

Floyd, Oex. WiLLi.iM, signer of the 
Dedaiatiun of ludependence, h. Suffolk Co., 
L.I., Dec. 17, 1734 ; d. Oneida Co., N.Y., Aug. 
4, 18-21. His father, Niclioll, left him a large 
estate. His education was slight ; but he was 
naturally intelligent, and of an elevated char- 
acter. He took an early part in the Revol.; 
was a member of the NY. committee of corrcs.; 
a member of Congress in 1774-7, and from 
Oct. 1778 till its dissolution, serving as a mem- 
ber of the boards of admiralty and the treasury, 
and was a member of the State senate in 1 777- 
88. His flimily fled to Ct. while Long Island 
was in the hands of the British ; his house was 
occu|jied by them; and he was nearly 7 years 
an exile. He com. the Long Island mi itia, 
and displayed energy and daring in repelling 
the incursions of the enemy. M.C. 178»-91 ; 
member of the State Const. Convs. of I SOI 
and 1820. He purchased in 17S4 a farm at 
Western, Oneida Co., N.Y., and moved his 
family thither in 180.3. 

riusser, Ch.\kles W., lieut.-commander, 
U.S.X., b^ Annapolis, Md., 1833; killed near 
Plymouth, N.C., in a naval engagement, Apr. 
18', 1864. In his childhood, his ]iarents removed 
toKy. Mid^hipra. July 19, 1847 ; licut. Sept. 
16. is.5.") ; lieut.-com. 'July. 16, 1862; assist, 
prof, in liie Xaval Acad, in 1857-9. and, at the 
breaking-out of the Ucbellion, took com. of the 
gunboat " Com. Perry," in which he took part 
in the engagement at Roanoke Island, Fel>. 7, 
1862. Oct. 3, 1862, he aided in the shelling 
of Franklin, Va., and at the lime of his death 
com. " The Miami " in Albemarle Sound. Two 
of his bros., officers in the rebel army, were 
killed in battle during the war. 

FobeSi Perbs,LL.D., clergyman, and prof, 
of nat. ]iliilos. in the Coll. of K.I. , now Brown 
U., b. Bridgewater, Sept. 21. 17.52 ; d. Feb. 23, 
1812. II.U. 1762. Ord. at Raynham, Nov. 
19, 1766. In 1786, he was elected to the pro- 
fes.sor.--hip. He pub. a sermon on the death of 
President Manning, 1791; " Election Sermon," 
1 795 ; and " Topog. Rescript, of Ravnham," 
1794 (.Ms. Hist. Colls., iii.). 

Fogg, George Giljun, b. Meredith, 
N.U., May 26, 1815. Dartm. Coll. 1839. 
Began to practise law at Gilmanton, N.H., in 
1842; edited ihc Iiidi-/). IJemocmt at Concord, 
1846-61 ; sec. of State of X.H. in 1846; U.S. 
minister to .Switzerland, 1861-5 ; U.S. senator, 
1866-7. — L>. C. Alumni. 

Folger, Peleo, of Nantucket, b. Oct. 13, 
17.33 ; d. ilay 26, 1789. Was matiy years em- 
ployed in the' fisheries. Some of Ins verses are 
in aiacy's " History of Nantucket," and are 
very creditable to his taste and ability. After- 
wanl a farmer. 

Folger, Peter. " a pious and learned " 
man, b. Kng., 1617; d. Nantucket, 1690. At 



the age of 18, he came with his father John 
from Norwich, and settled at Martha's Vine- 
yard, where John d. 1660. He was among the 
tirst settlers of Nantucket in 1663, and was ona 
of the 5 commissioners to lay out land, being 
well qualified by his knowledge of surveying. 
From 1673, he was clerk of the courts. Hisdau. 
Abiah was the mother of BcTijaniiu Fr.inklin. 
He wrote a variety of small pieces, one of which, 
pub. in 1675, is entitled " A Looking-Glass for 
the Times, or the Former Spirit of NE. re- 
vived in this Generation," reprinted in 1763. — 
OiiC!/ki„ck. 

Follen, Ch.\s. Theo. Christiax, LL.D., 
scholar, b. Romrod, Hesse Darmstadt, Sept. 
4, 1796; d. Jan. 13, 1840. U. of Geissen, 
1818. While at the university, he was noti-d 
for his liberal sentiments, and attached himself 
to a union, or BiirsdimscliaJ}, of which he wrote 
a delence. He also wrote patriotic songs, which, 
with others by his brother August, were pub. 
at Jena in 1819; and was one of the authors 
of " The Great Song," which was considered 
seditious. In the winter of 1818-19, he deliv- 
ered at Jena a course of lectures on the Pan- 
dects of Justinian. Suspected by the Pru?sian 
Govt.of privity to the assassination ofKotzehuc, 
he was arrested, examined, and liberateil, but 
quitted Germany. Political surveillance fol- 
lowing him to France, Strasbourg, aud Basle, 
where he was for some time prof of civil and 
eccles. law, he came to N.Y., Dec. 19, 1824. 
He soon mastered the English language, and, 
by the instrumentality of Sir. Dupouccau and 
Prof. Ticknorof Harvard U., was app. German 
teacher in that institution in Dec. 1825, aud, in 
1 8-30, prof. He lectured on civil law in Boston, 
where, in Sept. 1826, he opened a gymnasium. 
He m. Eliza Lee Cabot in 1828, and in that 
year was apj). teacher of cedes, hist, and ethics 
in the Divinity School, and admitted to the 
ministry. He resigned this position in 1830, 
lectured in Boston on moral philos. in 1830, 
and on SchiKer in 1832. Quitting his profes- 
sorship at Cambridge in 1835, he devoted him- 
self to literary, educational, and clerical labors, 
and in May, 18.39, became pastor of a Unitarian 
church in E. Le.\ington, Ms. In Dec. 1839, 
he lectured on German literature in N.Y., and, 
returning in " The Lexington," lost his life by 
the burning of that steamer on L. I. Sound. 
Dr. F. was an earnest adherent of the anti- 
slavery movement. He pub. " Psychology," 
an " Essay on Religion and the Church," 1836 ; 
" German Reader," and a German versification 
of the Gos))el of St. John, 12rao; " Geruuiu 
Grammar," 1828, and was a frequent contrib. 
to the reviews. An edition of his works, with 
a Memoir by his widow, was pub. in 1842 in 
5 vols. 

Follen, Eliza Lee, wife of the preced- 
ing ; b. Boston, Aug. 15, 1787; d. Brookline, 
Ms., Jan. 26,1860. Dau. of Samuel Cabot 
of Boston ; and ra. Dr. Follen in 1828. After 
the death of her husband, she educated their 
onlv son, whom, with other pupils, she fitted 
for'lI.U. She edited from 184.3 to 1850 the 
" Child's Il"rieud," pub. " Selections from Fenc- 
lon," and an entertaining book for children, 
" The Well-spent Hour." She was an inti- 
mate friend of W. E. Channing, and a zealous 



FOi. 



332 



aniislavcry womnn. In 1829, she edited the 
"Christian Teacher's Manual." In IS'ia, she 
wrote the " Sieptie," for the " Sunday fji- 
brary." In the winter of 1838-9, she' nub. 
" Married Life," " Little Son^>.," ami a vol. of 
poems, and in 1841 her Memoir of Ur. Fol- 
Icn, as the (irst vol. of his collected works. In 
18.iT she pub. " Twilight Stories," and in 18.')9 
"Second Scries of Little Songs," and a cotn- 
piliiiiou of " Home Dramas." 

FolSOm, Gkokoh, LL.D. (Vt. U. I8G0), 
historian, b. Kenuel.unk, Me., May 2.3, 1802; 
d. KoMic, Italy, Mar. 27, 18G9. 'II.U. 1822. 
He studied law, but, devoting himself to his- 
torical studies, pub. ill 1830 a hist, of Saco 
and ISiddeford, Me., and about 1837 removed 
to N.V. City, and became an active member 
and librarian of the Hist. Society. In 1841, 
he cditeil a vol. of its colls. ; afterward trans- 
lated the Despatches of Hernando Cortes ; 
in 1843 nub. "The Political Condition of 
Mexico; anil, in 1858, " Docunicnis rel. to 
Early Hist, of Maini'." Member of the State 
sciuite in 1844-8 ; din-qg-tl'iiffiuii* to the Neth- 
erlands, 1850-4. His lecture, on the Discovery 
of Maine, to the N.Y. Hist. Soe., was pub. in 
the 2d vol. of its culls. Bclore this soc. he 
also delivered lectures on the Northmen, 1838; 
on the Life and Voyages of V'espucius, in 1 839 ; 
and afcerwjird on the Life and Services of Col. 
Biiric I'rcs. of the Amer. Ktlinol. Society. 

Folsom, Nathan I KL, gen., b. K.xeter, 
N.H., I72G; d. there May 26, 1790. He was 
son of Jonathan Folsom. Com. u company at 
Fort ICdward, 1755 ; disiing. hini<elf in the 
action with Dieskau ; com. a regt. uf mili- 
tia before the Kevol. ; as brig.-gen. of the N.H. 
forces, he served during the siege of Boston, 
until relieved by Sullivan in July, 1775. 
Member of the Cout. Congress, 1774-5 and 
1777-80; councillor, 1778; and prcs. of the 
convention which framed the Constitution of 
N.H. in 1 783. — //iX. Gilmnnlon. 

Folsom, Natiivsiel S.Mnii, cicrgvman, 
b. Portsmouth, N.H., Mar. 12, 1806. Dartin. 
Coll. 1828; And. Sem. 1831. drd. at Brail- 
ford, Ms., Sept. 26, 1831 ; missionary to Lil)- 
crtv Co., Ga , in 1831-2; preached in Cleve- 
land, O., in 1832-3; prof, of Lane Sem. ia33; 
prof, of biblical lit., West. Reserve Coll., Ohio, 
Sept. 1833 to 1836; pastor of the Cong, 
church, Frunccstown, Nil., from Oct. 12, 18.')6, 
to Aug. 21, 1838; of a church at Providence, 
R I., from Sept. 6, 1838. to 1840 ; and of a 
Unit. Cong, church ot H:iverhill, Ms., from 
Nov. 7, 1840, to 1847; rc'ided at Charlesiown, 
and edited the Clirinlian Uiiiislur from 1847 to 
1849; prof, of literature and biblical interpre- 
tation at Meadvillc Coll., Pa., from Sept. 1849 
to 1861. He jiub. an ad<lress on Temperance 
in 1839; "A Criiical and Hist. Interpretation 
of the Proi'lieiies of Daniel," 1842 ; and con- 
tri'i", to reviews and lungazines. 

Foote, AxiiiiKw Hull, rear-adm. U.S N. 
Sou of Gov. S. A. Foote; b. N. Haven, Ct., 
Sept. 12,1806; d. N.Y. City, June 26. 1863. 
Acting midshipman in 1822, he made his Krst 
cruise in the schooner " (Jrainpus," sent in 
1823 to chastise the \V. Indian pirates. Lieut. 
Mav 27, 1830; commander, Dec. 19, 1852. 
lie 'was Hag-lieut. in 18.33 of the Medit. squad. ; 



and in 1838. as 1st lieut. of the ".John .\d- 
ams." Cam. Read, circumnavigated the gloU", 
and to<jk part in an attack on the pirates of 
Suiimira. While stationed at the naval asy- 
lum in 1841-3, he prevailed u|>on many of the 
inmates to give up their spirii-ruiions, being 
one of the first to introduce the principle of to- 
tal abstinence from intoxicating drinks in the 
navy, and continued this effort in " The Cum- 
berland " in 184.'l-5, liesidcs delivering every 
Sunday an extemporaneous sermon to the crew. 
In 1849-52, in coin, of the brig " Perry," he 
was on the African coast, su<'ccssfullv engaged 
in suppressing the slave-trade. itc pub. in 
1854 "Africa and the American Flag." He 
com. in 1856 the sloop "Portsmouth," on the 
China station. Arriving at Canton just l>efore 
the commencement of hostilities l>eiwcen the 
English and Chinese, he exerted himself in 
protecting American (irojierty, and having 
been, while thus engaged, fired u|)on by the 
barrier forts, received ]iermission from Com. . 
Armstrong to demand an apology for this in- 
dignity. This l>eiiig refu.icd, he attacked the 
forts. 4 in numlier, with the " Portsmouth " 
and " Levant ; " breached the largest, and, with 
280 sailors, landed, and carried it by storm. The 
remaining forts were successively carried, with 
a total loss of 40 to the attacking parly. The 
works were of granite, with walls 7 feet thick, 
mounting 176 guns, and garrisoned by 5,000 
men. of whom 400 were killed ami woumled. 
In July, 1801, he l»ecame capt., and in Sept. 
flag-officer, of the flotilla fitting out in the West- 
ern waters. Feb. 4, 1862, he sailed from Cairo 
with 7 giiuboaN, 4 of them iron-elads, to at- 
tack Fort Henry on ihe Tenn. River. With- 
out awaiting the co-operation of (jen. Grant, 
he attacked the fort at noon of the 6t!i. and in 
2 hours compelled its surrender. On the 14th, 
he attacked Fort Doiiclson ; but the fleet w.>8 
obliged to haul olT jnit as the enemy's water 
batteries had been silenced, two of the gun- 
boats having become unmanageable. Foulc 
was severely wounded in the ankle by n frag- 
ment of a 64-lb. shot. Though on crutches, 
ho proceeded <lowii the Mpi. with his fleet, auil 
a number of mortar-boats, to be.>icge I.>land No. 
10. Alter its reduction, Apr. 7, he returned to 
N. Haven. Regaining his health, he was made 
chief uf the bureau of ci|uipment ami rccruit- 
.ing. July 31, 1862, he was app. rearadin. on 
the active list. On Ailmiral Dupunt's being 
relieved from liis com. of the S. A. blockade 
s<|uad., May, 1863, Adm. Foote was app. to 
succeed him. 

Foote, Henhv Stuart, statesman, b. 
Faiupiier Co., Va., Sept. 20, 1800. Washing- 
ton Coll. 1819 Licensed to praeiise law in 
1822; removed in 1824 lo Tu>cumbia, Ala., 
where he edited a Democ. newspaper, and in 
1826 eslalilished himsi'lf at Jackxm, .Mpi. He 
was a U S. M'liaiorin 184 7-52, taking an active 
part in favor of the compromise measures; was 
elected gov. over Jeff. Davis ill 1852; n-movcd 
to Cal. in 18.54 ; settled at Vicksburg, Mpi , in 
1858 ; and in May, 1859, at the Southern eoiiv. 
at Knoxville, Tenn., spoke against disunicm. 
He was a meinlier of the rclK'l Congress, and 
in 1866 pub. a " Ili>torv of the St'ce'sion 
Struggle." Author of " 'I'exas and the 'I'cx- 



FOO 



333 



FOK 



ans," 2 vols. 12mo, 1841. He h.is been en- 
j;:igcd in 3 duels, in 2 of which he was slightly 
woundcil. 

Foote, Joseph Ives, D.D. (Wash. Coll. 
184')), 1>. Wntortovvn, Ct., Xdv. 17, 1790; d. 
April 21. 1840. Un. Coll. 1821 ; And. Sem. 
1824. From Oct. 1826 to 18.52, he was pastor 
of a Conir. society in West Brooktield ; in 
Salina inlSSS-.^; and Cortland, N. Y., 1835- 

7, and in May, 1839, of the church in Knox- 
ville, Tcnn.; chosen pres. of Wash. Coll. early 
in 1840. Contrib. to the A'.V. Lit. and T/ieot. 
litrieic: a vol. of his sermons was pul). with a 
Sli'nioir, Svo, X.Y., 1841. He pul>. al.<o an 
historical discourse on the history of Brook- 
field. 1828. 

Foote, S.vMUEL Aro0STus, LI-.D. (Y. C. 
1834), Democ. politician, b. Clieshire, Ct., Nov. 

8, 1780; d. there Sept. 15, 1846. Y.C. 1797. 
Son of Rev. John. Heenjraged in mercantile 
pursuits at Xew Haven ; was often a member, 

.and twice speaker, of the house; M.C. 1819- 
21, and again in 1823-5; U..S. senator from 
1827 to 1833, and in 1834-5 was gov. of the 
State. He it was, xvho on the floor of Con- 
gress, in 1830, offered the resolutions " on the 
public lands " which occasioned the great de- 
bate between Hayne and Webster. Father of 
Admiral And. H. Foote. 

Foot, Solomon, lawyer and senator, b. 
Cornwall, Vt., Nov. 19, is'02; d. Washington, 
March 28, 1866. Mid. Coll. 1826. Principal 
of Gaslleton Sem. in 1826 and 1828; tutor in 
Vt. U. in 1827; prof, of nat. philos. in the 
Vt. Acad, of Medicine, at Castleton, 1828-31 ; 
adm. to the bar in 1831, and settled at Hut- 
laud ; member of the Vt. le^-isl. in 1833, 1836- 
8, and 1S47 ; speaker in 1837-8 and 1847 ; 
member of the State Const. Conv. in IS3C; 
State atty. for Rutland, 1836-42; M.C. 1843- 
7, and U.S. senator from 1850 to his death. 
President pro lein. of the senate durinsj a part 
of the 36th and the whole of the37th Congress. 
He nuide many elaborate speeches in the sen- 
ate, and was conspicuous in ilie great Lccomp- 
ton debate of 1858. In 1854-5, as pres. of the 
Brunswick and Florida R. H. Co., he visited 
Eng, nigotirtted its bonds, and purchased the 
iron fur ihe road. 

Foote, Wii.ttAM Henry, D.D. (Ham. Sid. 
Coll. 1847), clergyman and historian, b. Col- 
chester, Ct., Dec. 20, 1794; d. Ixomnev, Va., 
Nov. 28, 1869. Y". C. 1816. He was tutor in 
a family in Falmouth, Va., until July, 1818; 
afterward taught one year in Winchester, Va., 
and stuilied a year in Princeton Sem. Licensed 
by the presbytery of Winchester in Oct. 1819, 
lie prcaclu'd in various places in Va., and was 
pa>Ior at Woodstock from June, 1822, to Nov. 
1824; and of Mount Bethel, Springfield, and 
Romney, Iron) 1824 to 1838, and fiom 1845 to 
1861. In the interval, he was agent of the 
" Central Boai-d of Mi.s-ions," and prepared 
" Sketches, Historical and Biographical, of the 
Presb. Church in Va.'" (2 vols., 18.">l)-5), and 
in " N. Carolina," I vol.. 1846. He also conduct- 
ed an acad. while at Woodstock and at Rom- 
ney. During the war, he was agent for llamp. 
Sid. Coll. in Lower Va., supplied vacant pul- 
pits, and was chaplain at Petersburg during 
the siege. — 06. lieivnl, Yale Coil., 1870. 



Forbes, OonnON, a British gen., h. 1738 ; 
d. H;im. .Middlesex Co., Jan. 17,1828. En- 
sign 33d Foot, 1756; capt. 72d, 1762; served 
at Hav.ina and in La.; major, 9 Nov. 1776; 
served in Bur:;oyue's cxped., in which he was 
twice wounded ; lieut.-col. Sept. 1781 ; served 
in the E. Indies; col. 1785; maj -gen. 1794; 
com. of [he forces at St. Domingo, 1798-1800; 
lient.-gen. 1801 ; gen. 1812. 

Forbes, John-, a British general, b. Pe- 
tiucrief, Fdcshire, Scoiland, 1710; d. Phila., 
March U, 1759. Having exchanged the med- 
ical for the military profession, he was advanced 
to the rank of lieut.-col. of the Scotch Greys 
in 1 750. In the German war, he was on the 
start' of Lord Stair, Gens. Ligouier and Camp- 
bell; was app. col. 71st Foot; acted as 
quarternnister-gen. of the army under the 
Duke of Cumberland; and Dee. 28, 1757, 
was app. brig.-gen. in America. Nov. 25, 1758, 
with an army of 8,000 men. he took possession 
of the abandoned works of Fort Du Quesne, 
which he called Pittsburg, in compliment totlio 
prime-miuister ; and subsequently concluded 
treaties with the ludian tribes on the Ohio. — 
Sliiaii's SL-eli-hes. 

Force, Peter, historian, b. Passaic Falls, 
N.J., 26 Nov. 1790 ; d. Washington, 23 Jan. 
1S68. Wni. his father, a Revol. soldier, re- 
moved in 1793 to N.Y.City,wlicre Peter learned 
the printer's trade, and was in 1812 pres. of 
the Typog. Soc. In Nov. 1815, he removed to 
Washington, where he pnb the yntionat Calen- 
dar in 1 820-36 ; estal). in 1 823 the Salional Jour- 
nal in support of Mr. Adams ; was some years 
city councilman and alderman ; mayor in 1836- 
40, and rose by successive steps to maj. -gen. of 
militia in 1 860 ; first vice-pres., afterwards pres., 
of the National Institute at W. His great 
work, " American Archives," 9 vols, of which 
only were pub., covering the period from iMar. 
1774 to the end of 1776, embodies original 
documents illustrating the hist, of the Revol. 
He prepared a 10th vol., still nnpub. He also 
pub. " Grinnell Land," 1852; "Record of 
Auroral Phenomena," 1856, and 4 vols, of 
rare Amer. Tracts. His large and valuable 
coll. of books, MSS., &c., relating to Amer. 
hist., now torras a part of the Congressional 
Library. His son, Mannmxo Ferousox 
(II.U. 1845), was a brig.-gen. in the war for 
the Union, app. 11 Aug. 1863 ; brev. raaj.-gcn. 
13 Mar. 1865, for disting. services. 

Ford, Gahriei. H., jurist, b. Morristown, 
N.J., 1764, d. thereAug. 27, 1849. N.J. Coll. 
1 784. He studied law ; was adm. to practise in 
Jlay, 1 789 ; was app. pres. judge of the C.C.P. 
for the EiLstcrn Dist. of the State, an<l from 
Nov. 1820 to 1840 was justice of the Supremo 
Court. His fannly residence was the head- 
quarters of Washington in 1777. 

Ford, Seabury, lawyer an^l politician, b. 
Pomfret, Ct., Oct 15, 1*801 ; d. Burton, O., 
May 8, 1855. Y.C. 1825. He practised law 
in Burton ; was often a member, and once 
speaker, of each branch of the State legisl. 
Gov. of Ohio 1848-50, and maj. -gen. of militia. 

Ford, Thomas, gov. of 111. 1842-6; d. 
Peoria, III., Jan. 1851. In 1804, whde a child, 
his parents emig. to III. He practised law 
successfully, and was a judge of the Supreme 



FOR 



334 



F01« 



Conn. Author of a " Hist, of III. from 1818 
to l«47." l2mo, 18.54. 

Foresti, E. Felice, LL.D. (U. of Bo- 
lo^'tiii). Italian patriot niui scholar ; d. Genoa, 
14 Si'pt. 18.'i8. A lawyer at Fornira. App., 
in 1 81 "5, prffitor of ('n.'.<pino ; arremed 7 Jan. 
1819. Ix-ing one of the Ciirlionari ; imprisoned 
at Spiillicr;; till Aii','. 18.i6, when he wa-i per- 
mitted to eome to Amer. I'rof of Ittilian in 
Col. foil., N.Y., and a popular teacher more 
than 20 years. App. in 1853 US. eonsal at 
Geneva. Ab. 1836, he pub. in the Walrhman 
ami Crusader an autobio;;. skcteli, entitled "20 
Year* In the I)iin:;eons of Austria." 

Forman, Gen. David, Kevol. patriot, 
b. iRiir Kn-lishtovvn, N.,J. ; d. ab. 1812. He 
com. the X.J. militia at Germaniown ; after- 
ward jiid^-e of a county court, and member of 
the eouneil of State 

Forney, Jon.v Wijiss, journalist, b. Lan- 
caster. I'a., Sept. .30. 1817. In 18.3.3, he was 
ap|)renticed in the office of the [.nnrmtler Joitr- 
71(11, in 1837 became editor and joint proprietor 
of the Intelliiiencer, and in 1840 united the 
two papers. In 1845, he went to Pliila., where 
he lon^' edited the Pfimm/lmnlnn, a leading 
Demw. journal. In 1851-5, he was clerk of 
the U. S. house of representatives ; meantime 
editing the Cnlon, a Oemoc. paper at Wash- 
inr;ton, which he resigned in 1836. -Vug. 1, 
1857, he began the Presx, an independent jour- 
nal ; ardently cs])oused the opinions of Mr. 
Douglas, anil, on the Lecompton Constitution 
of Kansas, took an attitude of determined op- 
position to the administration of Bueluinan, 
and was again made clerk to the .36th Congress. 
During the civil war, he powerfully supported 
the Federal Govt. Since 1861, he has pub., in 
addition to the Prf.M, a weekly paper in Wash- 
ington, the Vhroniclf : it Iwgan to appear daily 
in Oct. 1862. Sec. U.S. senate, 1 861-S. 

Forrest, Edwin, tragedian b. I'bila., 
Mar. 9, 1806. In his 12ih year, he performed 
female pans in the Old South-st. Theatre, 
Philn. He made his iWml at the Walnutst. 
Theatre, Nov. 20, 1820, as Young Norval. Af- 
tec a long professional tour in the West, he 
plavcd succe-sful engagements at Albany and 
Phila. ; played Othello at NY. in Jnly,"l826, 
and at once became popular. He has appeared 
in the principal theatres of the Union as Othel- 
lo, Macbeth, Hamlet, Richard III., and other 
prominent Shaks|>earian pans, and also in many 
American plays, the most successful of which 
were " .Mctamora," " The Gladiator," and 
'• Brutus " He played a sticcesslul engage- 
ment in Eng. in 1836. During a second visit 
to Eng., in 1837. he was m. to Miss Sinclair, 
dau. of the well-known singer, and returned 
to the U.S. in 1838. In 1844-6 he was a third 
time in Eng. A quarrel with Macready, es- 
poused by Forrest's friends, led to the serious 
riot which occurred at the Astor-place Opera 
Honse, .May 10, 1849. during the engagement of 
Macready. In that year, Mr. Forrest separated 
from his wife for alleged misconduct on her part. 
She subMMiiientlr brou'^ht an action against 
him on the ground of inlidelity, and in Jan. 
1852 obtained a verdict in her favor, with an 
annual allowance of $3, 000 as nlimoTiy. lie hns 
accumulated a fortuuu by bis professional la- 



bors. His fame rests chiefly njwn his persona 
tion of Jack Caile, Spartaeus, and Metamora. 
He has given miieli encouragement to dramatic 
authors, olTering lilieral rewards to successful 
playwrights. 

f'orrest, Frexcu, naral officer, b. Md., 
1796; d. (ieorgctown, U.C, Dec. 22, 1PC6. 
Midshipm. June9, 1811 ; lieut. .Mar. 5, 1817; 
com. Feb. 9, 18.37 ; capt. Mar. 30, 1844 ; dis- 
inisscil Apr. 19, 1861. He (ought bravely in the 
war of 1812, distinguishin;; himself'in the 
battle on Lake Eiie and in the action between 
" The Hornet "and " I'eacork," Feb. 24, 1813; 
anil in the -Mexicim war was adj. -gen. of the 
land and naval forces. When Va. seceded, he 
was put at ibe head of the nuvy of Va. ; com. 
at the Norfolk navy-yard, was afterward com. 
of the James Kiver squad., and then acting as- 
sist, sec. of the Confed. navv. 

Forrest, Gev. Uriah. lievol. officer, b. St.. 
Mary's Co., Mil, 1756; d. near Georgetown," 
DC, Jnlv, 1805. He attained the rank of 
lieut. -col. in the .Md. line, and necived a wound 
at Gcrmantown, from the eirects of which he 
never recovered. App. auditor of Md., mem- 
lier of the Old Congress, 1786-7 ; often a 
member of both brunches of the State legisl. ; 
a maj -gen. of militia; M.C. 1793-5, and at his 
death was clerk of the Circuit Court of D.C. 

Forry, Samcel, M.D.. a physician and 
medical writer, b. Berlin, I'a., .luiic 2.3. 1811 ; 
d. Nov. 8, 1844. U. of I'a. 1835. He was 
10 years in tlic U. S. army as assist, surgeon 
and surgeon, and was engaged in the Florida 
war ; afterward practised in N. Y. City. He con- 
trib. many articles to raed. journals, originated 
and conducted lijr two years the X i'.Journnl 
of Mfdl,:in<; m:\ in 1844 received from H.U. 
the Boylston priie for the best essay on the 
protecting power of vaccine. He pub. " Cli- 
mate of the U.S., and its Endemic Influences." 
&c., Svo, N.Y., 1842; "Meteorology," N.Y., 
1843. 

Forsyth, Benjamin-, col. U.S.A.; killed 
June 28, 1S14, in un alfair at Odeltown, N.Y., 
with a superior force of British and Indians. 
App. for N.C., Apr. 24, lieut. of inf., he be- 
came capt. of riflemen, July 1, 1808 ; com. in 
victorious assault on Gananoque, U.C, Sept. 
21,1812; maj. Jan. 20, 1813; com. in capture 
of a British i;uaril,at Elizabethtown, U.C, Feb. 
7, 1813, for which brev. lieut -col. Feb. 6, 1813 ; 
disting. in the capture of Fort George, U.C, 
May 27, 1813. — (litrdnrr. 

Forsyth, John, statesman, b. Fredericks- 
burg, Va., I)it. 22. 1780; d.Wasbington, D.C, 
Oct. 21, 1841. N. J. Coll. 1799. While ho 
was quite young, his father, a native of Eng., 
bntasoldier of the Uevol. removoil his family 
to S.C, and altenvard to Augusta, Giu John 
studied law, and from 1802 to 1808 disting. 
himself at the Ga. b^ir ; app. attv.-gcn. of the 
State in 1808; .\l. C 181.3-18'and 1823-7; 
US. senator, 1818-19, and 1829-37; sov. 
1827-9 ; minister to Spain. 1819-22 ; U. S. 
sec. of State, 1835—11. While Spanish min- 
ister, hceonducteil the negotiations which gave 
Florida to the U.S. Delegate to the anti-tar- 
iff convention at Milleilgcville in 1832, but 
withdrew from it on the ground that it did not 
fairly repruseui tile people ot Go. He opposed 



FOR 



335 



FOS 



nullification in S.C. from its bc^innins; ; votc4 
ill llivor of Clay's compromise lu-t of 18'!3; 
supported Pros. Jackson in the debute in IS'U, 
oti tliu removal of the deposits from the U.S. 
Bank ; was a distinn;. orator, and possessed 
great elcfjance and dignity of manner. 

Forward, Walter, lawyer and statesman, 
b. Ct., 1780 ; d. Pittshurg. Nov. 24, 18.52. In 
180'i, he removed to Fitisbiirg, where he 
studied law, and in 1805 became the editor of 
a Uemoc. newsi)aper, the Tree of Lilier/i/. He 
commenced the practice of law in ISOH; was 
M. C. in l822-.'i. In the presidential elections 
of 1824 and 1828, he snpported J. Q. Adams, 
and was thenceforward identified with the 
Whig party. He took an active part in the 
convention to revise ilie constituiion of Pa. in 
1337; in Mar. 1841, he was app. first compt. 
of the treasurv ; was sec. of that dept. in 
1841-3; was in 1849-.J2 charri^-d'ajfaires to 
"Denmark, and was afterwards pres. judge of 
the Di.st. Court of Aile;;'iiany Co. His report 
on the Tariff, in 1842, was [ironoiinced an alile 
document. 

Fosdiok, William Whitemax, poet, b. 
Cincinnati, Jan. 28, 182.5; d. there, March 8, 
1862. Transylvania U. 1845. His mother, 
Julia Drake, was an actress of merit. After 
studying law, lie heL:an practice in Covington, 
Ky., and shortly after settled in Cincinnati. 
His first dramatic cflTort was " Tecum.seh." 
He travelled in .Mexico in 1847-9, and there 
wrote the novel " Malmirtic the Toltec, and the 
Cavaliers of the Cross," pub. 1851. From 
18.51 to 1858, he practised in N.Y., where, in 
1855, he pub. " Ariel and. other Poems." "He 
was a frequent contrib. of verse U))on festive 
occasions, and edited the Sketch Club, an 
illusfrafed paper, supported by the artists of 
Cincinnati. — Poets mitl Portnj oftlie West. 

Foster, Abiel, b. Andovcr, Ms., Aug. 8, 
17.35; d. Canterbury, N.H., Fell. 6,1 80G. II.U. 
1756. Pastor of the Cong, church in Canter- 
bury from J.an. 21, 1761, to 1779. He was in 
1780 a representative in the State legist.; in 
1783 and '84, a delegate to the Cont. Congress ; 
was app., under the new constitution of the 
State, in 1784, a judge of the C.C.P. for Rock- 
ingham Co., of which court he became chief- 
justice; w,i3 M.C. 1789-91 ; in 1791 was a 
delegate to revise the State constitution, as 
well as a representative to the Gen. Court, 
to which he was re-elected in 1792; in 1793 
and '94 was pres. of the State senate ; and was 
again M C. in 1795-1803. 

Foster, Be\j.amis, D. D. (B.U. 1792), 
Baptist clergvman, b. Danvers, Ms., June 12,, 
17.50; d. X.'Y. City, Aug. 26, 1798. Y. C. 
1774. Ord. minister of the Baptist church at 
Leicester, Ms., Oct. 23, 1776; was dismissed 
in 1782 ; preached two years in Danvers ; was 
in Jan. 1785 called to the First Church in 
Newport; and from the autumn of 1788, till 
his death, was minister of the First Baptist 
Church in New York. During the prevalence 
of yellow-fever, in 1798, he was active in the 
discharge of his duiies, and foil a victim to 
the disease. He pub. " The Washing of Re- 
generation," "Primitive B.iptism Defended," 
and " A Dissertation on tcie 70 Weeks of 
Daniel." 



Foster, DwiCHT, jurist, b. Brookfield, Ms., 
Dec. 7, 1757 ; d. there Apr. 29, 1823. Brown 
U. 1774. Son of Judge Jedediah. Practised 
law at Brookfield ; was county sheriff and 
judge of Common Pleas ; was some time a 
member of the house and senate of Ms. ; MC. 
1793-9; U.S. senator, 1800-3; chief justice 
C.C.P., and a member of the exec, council. 
On the death of his father, he was chosen to 
supply his place in the convention for framing 
the State constitution in 1779. 

Foster, IIann-ah, d. iMontreal, Can., 1S40. 
Dan. of (irant Webster of Boston ; m. John 
Foster, D. 1). (H. U. 1815), minister of 
Brighton, .Ms., from Nov. I, 1784, to Oct. 31, 
1827. D.C. 1783; h. Warren, Ms., Apr. 19, 
1763; d. Brighton, Sept. 15, 1829. She was 
author of " Eliza Wharton, the Coquette." — 
a story founded on fact. An edition, with a 
Preface by Mrs. Jane E. Locke, was pub. in 
1855. Author also of " Lessons of a Pre- 
ceptress," Boston, 1798. 

Foster, Jboediah, judge, b. Andover, 
Oct. 10, 1726; d. Oct. 17, 1779. H.U. 1744. 
He engaged in the practice of law in Brook- 
field ; was a delegate to the Worcester Co. 
convention, Aug. 1774, and to the Prov. Con- 
gress, 1774-5, where he was active and 
influential, his name appearing on most of the 
important committees. Elected a councillor 
in 1774, he was negatived by Gov. Gage, but 
was re-elected in 1775. App. a judge of the 
Superior Court in 1776; he wasa'so sometime 
a judge of probate, and a justice of the C.C.P., 
Worcester Co.; member of the conv. which 
framed the const, of Ms. 

Foster, John G., brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A. 
b. N.H., 1823. West Point, 1846. He in 
herited military tastes from his father, who 
commanded the Nashua artillery. Entering 
the engineer corps, he was brev. 1st lieut.- 
for gallantry at Contreras and Churuhuseo, 
Aug. 20, and capt. for Molino del Rcy, Sept. 
8, 1847, where he was one of the party that 
stormed the Mexican works, and was seriously 
wounded; was assist, prof, of engineering at 
West Point, 1855-7 ; became capt. July 1, 
1860 ; major. Mar. 13, 1863 ; lieut.-col. 7 Mar. 
1867. April 28, 1858, he took charge of the 
fortifications in N. and S. Carolina, where he 
remained till 1861. One of the garrison of 
Fort Sumter ; after its surrender, he was em- 
ployed on the fortifications of N.Y. Made 
brig. -gen. of vols. Oct. 23, 1861, he com. a 
brigade in the expcd. to N.C. under Gen. Burn- 
side, and took a leading part in the capture of 
Roanoke Island, Feb. 8, 1862, and of Newbeni, 
March 14, of which place he was made gov. 
July 18 : he was promoted to be a maj.-gen. of 
vols., and when, in July, Gen. Bnrnside joined 
the Army of the Potomac, Gen. Foster became 
com. of that dept. and of the 18th corps. Ha 
was (listing, at South-west Creek, Kinston, 
White Hall, and Goldsborough. In Dec. 1862, 
he was besieged in Newbern by a large rebel 
force under Gen. Hill, but heltl the post suc- 
cessfully. Juk 16, 1863, he was app. to com. 
the dejit. of va. and N.C, with headquarters 
at Fortress Monroe. He subsequently com. 
the dept. of the Ohio, from which lie was 
relieved Jan. 28, 1864, at his own request, on 



FOS 



336 



FOW 



arcoant of wounds ; tbe dept of tbe Soadi, 26 
Ma7, 1864, to II Feb. 1865, and that of 
Florida, 7 Am; 19€5, to 5 Dec. I«66. Brer, 
lieot.-coi. for capture of Roanoke Island ; col. 
for capture of X-:wbem ; bri^.^gen. for services 
in capture of Sarannah, and maj.-zen. for ger- 
Ticed in tbe field during tbe Bebellion. — 
ChIU». 

Foster, L*patette SASi^fE. LL-D., law- 
yer and seni-or. b. Franklin, Ct., Xot. 22, 
1906. Brown C. I82S. A lineal descend.^nt 
of Miles Stan'llsh. Came to the bar in 19-31 ; 
member Ci. a.-«emh. 1833-40, '45-5. and '54; 
speaker, 1847-8 and '54; maror of Norwich, 
1854—5 ; CS. senator, 1855-67 ; pres. pro f»<«. 
of that hodv, 1866-7, and acting rice-pres. CS. 

Foster^ R%5I>olph S., D.n., Mctho>iist 
clen^Tnwn, b. William-Knrr, O., Feb. 22, 1820. 
Educated at An^^ta Coll., Kr. Entered the 
mini^trr sf **** n^r^^f 17 ; wa^ r*»*^*T'^ into the 
Oh; ' ■ ' . n re- 

gio : Cin- 

cin' -. en- 

Btl-r i.i ;3-j5, 

be r ■ D.L». from 

the ■'ih. a work, 

"Ci..- .1 ■ •■ -.'.. . v' iliniitrr for 
tbe Tinjs. In l5->6, he was elected pres. of 
tbe Nonh-westem U. at Eranston, III. 

Foster, Stephes, pres. uf the Coll. of E. 
Tenn , b. Andover, >L., Feb. 15, 1798; d. 
Kno.\Til!e, Tcnn., Junell, 1835. Dartm. Coll. 
1821; And. Setn. 1324 Ord. Oct. 1824; set- 
tled in Greenville, Tenn., and afterward in 
Knoxville, and was first prof, of Latin and 
Greek, then yres. of the coll. tliere. 

Foster, Stephes C, son^-wnter and iiiu.>i- 
cal composer, b. Fiiubarg, Fa.. July 4, 1826; 
d. X.Y. City, Jan. 13, 1364. Possessing a nat- 
ural talent for music, he mastered mo^t kin<ls 
of instruments, and scu'lied tiiean thorou;;hir. 
He early g-ainci reputation by his compositions 
for the negro melodise; and his "' OIJ Cncle 
Xcd," " O Susannah !" " Nelly was a Lady," 
" Camptown Bices," Sue, are world-renowned. 
He received 815,000 for bU " Old Folki at 
Home." Hi' later compositions were of a more 
reSneiJ and sentimental cast. Among them 
are " Wiiiie, we have Missal Ton," " Come 
where ray Lore lies Dreaming," " Old Dog 
Xny." " Ella is an Angel," die. Hii balia/Js 
have been tran^-lated into many langn^g^, and 

Enb. with hi? masic. His best comp-o-itions 
:tve been coII>:c:ed into a vol. since his death. 
Fo=*^r. -^•■■■t<y< »i J .vr.. > J. -..ladvo- 
ca' ■arv, 

>■ ; - lie 

»t^ - - . viiolly 

for .aiise. ill. to. Abby 

K'. 21, 1845, and lives 

on . -I-!- Antbor of '• The 

Br- . ;Tc-., a True Picture of the 

Arj. ini Clergy," aod some arti- 

cle- ■ 

Foster, Willi vm S., col. C.S.A.,b. X.H. ; 
d. Baton Kon.-e, La., Xov. 26, 13.39. Aj.p. 
lienl. of inf. March. ISlJ ; cipt. >Iarrh, 1813 ; 
brer, major " for gallant conduct in tbe de- 
fence of Fort Erie," Aug. 15, 1814 ; major 4th 
Inf July 7, 1826; lieut.-(ol. June 8. Ii36; 
brer. col. " fur distin;;. Krvice in Flori la, and 



particalarlr in tbe battle of Okeechobee," Dec 
25. 1 837. — Girdntr. 

Fowle, Dasiel, printer, b. Charieslown, 
M«. ; d. Portsrooath, X.II., June, 1737. a. 72. 
He was an apprentice with ."Sirn ; K'n.,.l.r,.j ■ 
commenced business in Bosv -n 

1 742 to '50, he was partner " 
ers, and, in 1748-50, joint p: _ /i- 

deptndaU Adartixr. In K^-^-o, t.-.^y pub. 
the AmericoH iltufaziae, and were the first in 
America to print tiie Xew Testament. In 
1755, he was arrested, by order of the house of 
representatives, on suspicion of having' print- 
e>l a pamphlet, entitled " Tbe Monster of 
Sloniters," seversly animadrenin:r on some of 
the members. Rdea-«d in a few days, he left 
Boston in disznst, went to Portsmouth, X.H., 
and OcL 7, 1756, commenced the publicatiuo 
of the -V. B. GaxUe. 

Fowle, William Bextlet, teacher, and 
author of school te.xt-liooks, b. Boston, Oct. 17, 
1795; d. Feb. 6, 1365. His mother was the 
sister of Dr. Wm. Bentley. the eminent schol- 
ar of Salem. He wa- ' . rhe book- 
seller Caleb Bin.:ha[ri : ith car- 
ried on the business i. lie com- 
menced teaching. I. .:,^, .,■: .-.a/i to pub. 
the Common S'z'uofA JviTnai, and was its clitor 
in 1948-52 ; member of the Mi. le,,-isl. 1S43. 
For list of his pubs, and memoir, see .V. E. 
UUt.and Ctn. Rty , Apr.. 1369. 

Fowler, Oku, clergyman and JLC, b. 
Lef>anon, Cfi-, Julv 29, I7'91 ; d. Washington, 
D.C., Sept. 3. 1852. Y. Coll 1815. Son of 
Capt. Amos F., a Rcvol. soldier. He studied 
th*logy under Dr. Dwi^'ht, perfbrmeii an ex- 
tensive missionary tour in the vaKcy of the 
Mpi., and in 1819 settled as pastor in Plain- 
field. Ct. He was twenty yeirs a pastor in 
Fall River, which he represented in both branch- 
es of the State legisl. for sevenl years, and was 
3LC. from 1848 until his death. He replied' 
ably to Mr. Wel^ter's speech of March 7, 18.50, 
and was a decided opponent of intemperance 
and slaverv. Be pub. " A Treatise on Bap- 
tism," 1835; "Hist. Sketch of Fall Rirer," 
1841. — S. E. Hut. and G'n. IU<j., vii.. 131. 

Fowler, Orsox .Sqcire, phrcno!ogi«l, b. 
Colioeton, X.Y., 0.:t. 11, 1809. Amb. Coll. 
18.34. He snpported himself at colL-je by saw- 
ing wood for his fellow-students, and by teach- 
ing du.ring vacations. Turning his attention 
to pbrenolo-.'T, he >ooii b.gan to lectnre upon 
it, and established at Pliiia. in 1333, in connec- 
tion with bis bro. Ixjrcnzo, the Am^. Pluavi. 
Joanvd. Amon^' his publications are "Memory 
and Intclle<t:i.il Irnprovenient," 1841 ; " Pliy*- 
ioIo;:y, Anioi-il and Menul," 1942; "Matri- 
mony, or Phrcnolou-y appliol to the Selec:ion 
of Companions," 1842; " Self-Culture and Per- 
fe>;lion of Charncter," 1843; "Hereditary Do 
scent," 1343; "Love and Parentage," 1344; "A 
Home for All, or the Gravel- Wall and OctaL'on 
Mode of BniMin.;," 1849. In connection with 
hit bro. Ixrenzo, he has written " Phrenology 
Proved, Illustrated, and Applied," 18-36; and 
the " Self-Instrucior in Phrenology and Phys- 
iology," 1949. He has lectured in almo-t every 
part of the U.S. and in Canaila. — .4/',V'(on. 

Fowler, William Cbac^cet,LLD. (Laf. 
Coll. 1 861 J, b. CUnion.Cu, 1 Sept. 1793. Y.C 



FO'W 



337 



FR^ 



1816. Tutor in Y.C. 1819-23 ; prof, of rheto- 
ric nii'l oratory in Jli'l. Coll. 11 years; prof, 
of rhetoric, Ainh. Coll., 5 vc.tis ; pastor at 
Greentielil. Ms., .31 Ans- 182.> to 1S27. De- 
scended from William of Milford, and mater- 
nally from Pres. Chas. Channcey. Member Ms. 
legisl. 1851, and of the Senate of Ct. in 1864. 
Author of " The Sectional Controversy." 8vo, 
1S63; "Channcey Memorial." 1838; " History 
of Durham," 1866, and of a series of grammars. 
Contrib. to periodicals; editor, in 1S45, of the 
University edition of " Webster's Dictionarr." 
— fii>7. .<!;ftches, Class of \S\6. Y.C. 

Fowles, Rev. James H , b. Nassau, New 
Providence. 1812; d. 18,i4. Y.C. 1831. Son 
of Lieut. Henry F. of the British army. Li- 
censed by the X.Y. presbytery in 1833; sub- 
sequently ordained by Bishop Bowen of S.C., 
and, after officiating in several parishes in that 
State, settled in 1845 over the Chureh of the 
Epiphany, Phila. Author of "Prot- Epis. 
Views of Baptism," &c., 1846; " 30 Sermons," 
with a Memoir of the author, 8vo, 1855. 

Fox, Charles J.VMES, lawver and author, b. 
Antrim, N.H., Oct. 11, 1811 ;"d. Nashua, N.H., 
Feb.17,1846. Dartm. Coll. 1831. Becamelaw- 
pariner with Hon. Daniel .\bbot of Nashua in 
1834; member of the N.H. lesisl in 1837; 
county solicitor, 1835—44; one of a commis- 
sion to revise the N.H. statutes in 1841-2; 
went to Eiypt in 1843. and to the W. Indies 
in 1844 ; compiled, with Rcr. Samuel Osgood, 
" The N. H. Book of Prose and Poetry," 1842 ; 
pub. " The Hisiorv of Dunstable," 1846, and 
'The Town-Officer," 12mo, 1843. 

Pox, Rt. Hos. Henry Stephen, a British 
diplomatist; d. Oct. 13, 1846, at Washington, 
D.C. Son of Gen. Henry Fox, and nephew to 
thcdistinar. Charles James. The first minister- 
plenipo. of Great Britain to Buenos .\yres, he 
was transferred to Rio de Janeiro, and thence to 
the U.S. in 1836. He conducted the difficult 
neiroiiations growinc out of the burnius of the 
steamer " Caroline," the case of Mcl.eod, &c, 
which he broug;ht to a happy conclusion, pre- 
serving the friendly relations of the two coun- 
tries. 

Pox, Luke, an English navigator, b. ab, 
1585 : d. alter 1633. A seaman from his 
youth, his thoughts were early turned towards 
the discovery of a north-west passage, which 
to the day of his death, and notwithstanding his 
ill success, he believed practicjiblc. Having 
procured from Charles I. a vessel, furnished 
with whatever was necessary to the enterprise, 
he left De|itford, M.ay 5, 1631 ; arriving at 
Hudson's Bay June 22. During the explo- 
ration of this liay, he discovered, July 27, .an 
island, which he named " Sir Thomas Rowe's 
\Vc!i-ome," and named the cape which bounded 
its norlhem extremity "Wostcnholmc's Ulti- 
ma Vale." Pixiceedingnorthwanl, he discov- 
ered and named various points situated in iho 
large island since known as " Cumberland Is- 
land ; " but, despairing of penetrating the Polar 
Sea by Hudson's Bav. ho determined to return, 
and arrived in the l)owns Oct. 21. He pub. 
the relation of his voyage, Loud., 1635, 4to, 
with map. 

Foxcroft, TnoM.iS, pastor of the First 
Church, Boston, from Nov. 20, 1717, to his d., 



June 18, 1769; b. Cambridge. Ms., Feb. 26, 
1697. H.U. 1714. Son of Hon. Francis of 
Cambridge. He was learned, devout, a strong 
reasoner, polite and elegant in manner, and 
universally admired. His writings, 32 in num- 
ber, evince clear perception, lively imagination, 
and sound judgment Among them are " Ob- 
servations, Hist. and Practical, on the Rise and 
Primitive State ot N.E., a Centurv Sermon," 
Aug. 23, 1730. His son SamceL, 28 years 
minister of New Gloucester, Me.,- d. iLar. 2, 
1807. H.U. 1754. 

Frailey, James ILiDisos, commodore 
U.S.N , b. Md., May 6, 1809. Midshipman, 
May 1. I82S; lieut. Sept. 8, 1841; command- 
er, 'l861 ; capt, Feb. 6, 1866. Lieut. F. served 
in the naval battery before Vera Cruz ; com. the 
steamer " Quaker City," So. Atlantic block, 
squad., 1862-4, which was struck by a shell, 
and partly disabled, in attack by rebel rams 
off Charieston, Jan. 31, 1863; com. " Tnsca- 
rora " in both attacks on Fort Fisher, and 
com. steam-sloop " Saranac,"N. Pacific squad., 
1867—8 ; commo. March 2. 1870 ; app. to com- 
mand League Island naval station, Apr. 30, 
1S70. Retired 6 May, 1871. 

Franehere, Gabriel, b. Montreal, 1786. 
Author of ■■ Travels in Oregon," 1st edition in 
French, 1819-20; translation, N.Y., 1854. — 
AUiboue, 

Francia, Jose Caspar Rodrigitez, dic- 
tator of Paraguay, b. Asuncion, 1757; d. there 
20 Sept. 18?cr His father was a French propri- 
etor, his mother a Creole. He studied at the U. 
of Cordova, obtained the degree of LL.D., and 
acquired an extensive l.aw-practice. App. in 
1811 sec. to the patriot junta, in 1813 consul 
with Ycgros as his colleague, and in 1814 dic- 
tator : the improved state of atfiiirs under his 
management led the people, in 1S17, to confer 
upon him despotic authority. His measures, 
though arbitrary and severe, were adapted to 
the condition and wants of the country. His 
most extraordinary me;isnre was to close the 
country against all foreign intercourse. — See 
Carl}j',f in Edinh.Eevieir, 1843 ; Finiicia's Beiipt 
of Terror, 1839, and Letters on S. Amer. 1843, 
iy Rotierlson. 

Francis, Con-vers, D.D. (HU. 1837), 

clergvman and author, b. W. Cambridge, Ms., 
Nof.9, 1795 ; d. Camb. April 7, 18637 H,U. 
1815. He studied at the Camb. Div. School; 
was pastor of the Unitarian church. Water- 
town, from June 23, 1819, to 1842 ; and from 
1842, to his death, was " Parkman Prof, of 
Pulpit Eloquence and the Pastoral Care in 
H.U." Brother of Mrs. Lydia Maria Child. 
He ])nb. " Errors of Education." a discourse. 
May, 1828 ; hist, sketch of Watcrtown, 1830; 
a discourse at Plymouth, Dec. 22, 18.32; a 
Dudlcian Lecture at Cambridge. 1-833 ; Lives 
of Rev. John Eliot and Sebastian Rale in 
Sparks's " Am. Biographv ; " Memoir of Rev. 
John Allyn, 18.36, of Dr. Gamaliel Bradford, 
1846, and' of Judge Davis. 1849. pub. in Ms. 
Hist. Colls., besides articles in religious peri- 
odicals. 

Francis, Ebkxezer, col. llth Ms. regt. 
Revol. armv ; killed in battle of Hubbanlton, 
7 July, 1777. 

Francis, John Browtt, politician, b. 



ms 



rhilii., Mill- 31. 1794 ; tl. Warwick, R.I., Auj. 
9 I8G4. IJrowii U. 1808. Losin;; lii« I'allicr in 
iiifiiiu V. he WHS reared by his niuteriial craiid- 
fa(hiT, Nieliolas Brown, one of the foiimlers 
of Briiwii U. He u(i|iiired n mercantile edu- 
cation in the house of Brown & Ives of Provi- 
dence, and attended the Lilclifield Law School. 
In 1821, he settled at Spriii;; (jreen as an a^- 
rieuliiirist. Member of the State legisl. in 
18JI-9; State senator in 18)1; ;,'ov. in 1 8.33-8 ; 
Slate senator in 1842; U.S. senator, 1844-5; 
State senator a^jain in 1849-56; trustee in 
Brown U. 1828 to 1857, and chancellor from 
1841 to 1854. 

Francis, John WAiciiFtELD, M. D., 
LL.I). (Trill. Coll. 1850), phvsieian and au- 
thor, b. New York, Nov. 17, 1789 ; d. there Feb. 
8, 1861. Col. Coll. 1811. M.D. of Col. of 
I'hys. and SiirRS. In his youth, he was em- 
ployed as a printer ; but in 1807 betxan to study 
medicine under Ur. Hosack, and was his 
partner till 1820. From 1810 to 1814. they 
pub. the Amei: ■!/«/. and Plillos. Rcriisirr, a 
quarterly. In 1813, he was lecturer on the 
institutes of nied. and materia inedica at the 
Coll of I'liys. and Sur;rs. ; soon after received 
the chair of materia mcdica from Col. Coll. ; 
visited Europe, where he was a pupil of AIkt- 
nethy ; became prof, of the insiitutesof med. 
on his return ; |)rof. of mod. jurisprudence in 
1817, nl.so of obstetrics from 1819 to 1826, 
and for 4 years filled the chair of obstet- 
rics ill t'lc Rut;.'crs Med. School. He after- 
ward devoted himself to practice and to lite- 
rary pursuiis. In 1822-4, ho was one of the 
editors of the Med. and Phi/sical Jmnnal. llo 
actively promoted the objects of the N.Y. Hist. 
Society, the Woman's liospitiil, "he State Ine- 
briate Asylum, and the typo;.'niphical (;uild. 
Author of biojr. sketches of many of the dis- 
tinj^. men of liis time, articles in medical peri- 
odicals, and pub. "Use of Mea-ury," 18U ; 
" Cases of Morbid Anatomy," 1814 ; " Febrile 
Coutaj;ion," 1816; "Notice of Thomas Kd- 
dv," 1823 ; " Denman's Practice of Miilwiferv," 
1825; " Leiteron Cholera Asphyxiaof 1832'; " 
"Observations on the Mineral Waters of 
Avon,"' 1834; "The Anatomy of Drunken- 
ness; " "Old N.Y., or Reminiscences of the 
past 60 Years," 1857; Memoir of Christopher 
Colles, in the Knicherliorler GiiHeiy, 1855; and 
numerous discourses before literary societies. 
He was one of the founders of the N Y. Mist. 
Society; was first pres. of the N.Y. Acad, of 
Med. in 1847, and a member of m.iny scientific 
bodies at home ami abroad. Of his son, John 
W., juu., who d. Jiiii. 20, 1855. a ".Memorial " 
was wriitcii l.y II. T. Tuckerinin, X.Y., 1855. 

Franeiseb, IlhNRV, b. France; d. near 
Whitclnill. N.'i ., Nov. 1820, a. 1-34. Ho came 
to tile U.S. aliout 1740, and served through 
the Old Flinch and Revul wars. Present at 
the coronation of Queen Aiine. 

Francisco, I'ktkr, Revol. hero, scrgcant- 
ai-arnis. \';i. 11 of DeliK'ites ; d. Richmond, 
Va., Jan. 17. 1S:)I. — S«-< Gardm's Anecdutrt. 

Frankland, Siu Cilvkles Hknuy, hart., 

b Beiicnl, Miiv 1", 1716; d. Dath, F,n(j., Jan. 
II. 1768. His father was uov of the E.I. Co.'s 
f. (lory at Beiii:al. App. collector of the (mrt 
of Boston in 1741. He was n( Lisbon, Nov. 1, 



1755, the day of the RTcat earthquake, and is 
said to havcl»een rescued from the ruins which 
had buried him by Acnes Surria;;e, to whom 
he was shortly afterward married. In 1757, 
he was app. consul. -cen. at I<islion, and ro- 
si;;ned his Boston oftice. He had IwiiKht a 
fine estate at Hopkinion, Ms., upon whieli 
Lady F. resideil until the lireakiu;;-<iut of the 
Revo!., when she went to Eii>;., where slic d. 
Apr. 23, 1783. Holmes has versified the story 
of Lady F. — Ser Mtninir In/ Eliaa Sason. 

Franklin, Benjamin, philosopher and 
statesman, b. ISosion, 17 Jan. 1706 ; d. Phila., 
17 Apr. 1790. Jo>iiih, his father, a tallow- 
chandler and soap Iwilcr, came from En;f. in 
1GS2. Mary, his mother, was ilau. of Peter 
Foltrer, the Quaker poet of Nantucket. Ap- 
prenticed to his lirotlier James, a jirinicr, he 
inailc occasional contribs. to a newspnper pub. 
by him, but, not a;{reeinj; with him, clnndiii- 
liiiely left home at 17, and esiabli.^hcd himscir 
as a printer iii Pliilii. Dect'ived by the rt-pro- 
sentatioiis of liov. Keith, he went to Eiig., 
where he woikcil as a jonrncyinan more than a 
year; relumed in 1726, and in 1729 estab- 
lished himself in busim ss in Phila ; l>eraine 
editor and proprietor of the /'«. Gaziilc: m. 
Deborah Reed in 17.)0; commenced publish- 
in;;, as " Riclla^l Saunders," an almanac, com- 
monly culled " Poor Richard's Almanac," 
which acquind a wide celebrity; and soon 
established for himself a hi;:h lepntaiion for 
public spirit, as well as for wisdom and foro- 
si;:ht. He founded ihe Phila. Library in 
1731, became clerk of the Gen. Assciiibly, 1736, 
iwstmastcr of Phila. 1737, ilep. postmasler- 
fteii. of the British Colonies. 1753, a;;cnt of the 
people in opposin); ihe claim of the proprietary 
(■ov.s., of CNcmptiun from taxaiion in Eni;., 
1757-62, anil reeciveil the thanks of the As- 
sembly tor the able and successful performance 
ol his mission. In 1752, he made, by means 
of a kite, the (jreat discovery of the ideiiiity of 
lightning with the electric finid. This pro- 
cured bin) the memlieiship of the Royal 
Socieiv. the Coplev cold medal, and the decree 
of LL".D.in 176J from Oxford and i:diiibui:;li. 
In 1755, he furnished Iraii-portation lor Bi ad- 
dock's expcd. Cominissio..er in 1754 to the 
Albany Congress, he ilrew up ihe plan of 
union for the common defence adopted by that 
Iwdy. He had been many years a nieiiilier of 
the .As.sembly, by whom ho was, in 17C4, sent 
to Enchind as agent, in which ca;:Bcily lie 
afterward acted lor several other colonics. In 
the examination before ihe house of com- 
mons, in 1766, his information, sense, niid 
wi~iloni were shown conspicuously; and the 
obiio.xions Stamp Act was soon repealed. Ho 
earnestly endeavored to prevent the rupture 
wiili the moihei'-coiintry, and did not leave bis 
post uiiiil war wns inevitable. Arriving in 
Phila. 5 May, 1775, he wa< iinnieiliniely 
elected to Congress ; was omi of the conimiilee 
to prepare, and a signer of, the Declaration of 
Iiidc|iendence; and from the close of 1776, 
iiiiiil his return in Sept. 1785, was ambassador 
III France. Vo him is due the principal cirdit 
of procuring the treaty of alliance with Franco, 
signed at Paris. 6 Feb. 1778. which 8ec-ure<l ihe 
independence of the American Colonics. He 



339 



FRA. 



bIso took an important part in the negotiations 
vvjtli linj;., anil signed the preliminary articles 
of peace at Paris, 30 Nov. 1782. Tlie definitive 
treaty was signed 3 Sept. 1783 by Franklin, 
Adams, and jay. He afterwards negotiated 
with Pnis-ia a treaty, in which he inserted an 
article against ])rivateering. Gov. of Pa. 
1786-8; delegate to the convention to form a 
Constitntion for the U.S. in May, 1787. His 
last public act was the signature ofa memorial 
to Congress by the Abolition Society, of 
which lie was the founder and pres. His 
philanthropic and useful labors were extraor- 
dinary, lie founded the first fire-company in 
1738, organized a voluntary assoc. for the de- 
fence of the province iu 1744, was col. of a 
regt., and built forts for the protection of the 
frontier in 1753; invented the harmonica, a 
musical instrument, and the Franklin stove. 
In 1773, he forwarded the letters of Hutchin- 
son, Oliver, and others, to the legisl. of Ms., a 
disclosure which had important results. In 
1776, he was pres. of the convention which 
formed the constitution of Pa. He left one 
son, William, who was gov. of N.J. , and a dau., 
Sarah (Bache.) Franklin left an interesting 
autobiography, which is prefixed to the edition 
of his entire works by Jared Sparks, 10 vols. 
8vo, 1850. — See John Bt'jeloiv's corrected 
edition of Franklin's Autohior/., 1868; Barton's 
Life of'Franlclin, 2 vols., 1864; Historic Amer- 
icans, hji Theodore Parker, 1870. 

Franklin, Jesse, statesman, b. Surry 
Co., N.C., 1758; d. there Sept. 1823. A 
major in the Rcvol. war ; member of the H. of 
delegates in 1794; M.C. 1793-7; H. of dele- 
gates, 1799 to 1805; State senator, 180.3-6; 
U.S. senator, 1807-13; gov. of N.C. 1820-1; 
a cominissionor to treat with the Chickas»ws 
in 1816. 

Franklin, Sik Johv, an Eng. navigator 
and arctic explorer, b. Spilsby, Lincolnshire, 
Apr. 1786; d. 11 June, 1847. Entering the 
navy ab. 1800, he served with distinction at 
Trafalgar, and was slightly wounded in the 
attack on N. Orleans, Jan. 1815. As a lieut. he 
com. " The Trent " in the arctic exped. of 1818, 
under Capt. Buchan. In 1819, he led an over- 
land exped. to trace the coast line of N. Amer., 
an account of which he pub. on his return, and 
was iHade a capt. In 1825 he renewed this 
enterprise, tracing the coast from the mouth 
of the Coppermine River to the 15Uth meridian, 
for which service he was knighted. Gov. of 
Van Dieman's Land in 1836-42. In May, 
1845, he sailed with " The Erebus " and " Ter- 
ror " to discover a-uorth-west passage, and never 
returned. Several expeds. were sent in searcli 
of him from Eng. and Amer., without success ; 
but Ur. Rue found in 1834 some relics of the 
party. In the summer of 1859, Capt. McClin- 
tock discovered on the shore of King William's 
Land a record, dcpo.-ited in a cairn by the sur- 
vivors of Franklin's company, dateil 25 Apr. 
1848, stating that Sir John d. 11 June, 1847 ; 
that the ships were abandoned 22 Apr. 1848, 
when the survivors, 103 in number, started for 
the Great Fish River. Many reliis were found 
of thi,^ party, who perished on their journey, 
proliaUly soon after leaving their vessels. 

Franklin, William, son of Ur. Benj. F., 



and the last roy. gov. of N.J., b. Phila. 1730 ; 
d. Eng. Nov. 17, 1813. He served as post- 
master of Phila., as clerk of the Pa. Assem- 
bly, and, as capt. in the French war, gained 
praise for his conduct at Ticonderoga. At the 
close of the war he went to Eng. with bis 
father, studied law in Lond., and was adin. to 
the bar in 1758, and, visiting Scotland, became 
acquainted with the Earl of Bute, who recom- 
mended him to Lord Fairfax. The latter gave 
him, unsolicited, the app. of gov. of N.J. in 
1762. For a time, he enjoyed considerable 
popularity, but was deposed by the first Prov. 
Cong., in July, 1776, declared an enemy to his 
country, and was confined at E. Windsor, Ct. 
Released in Nov. 1778, he served for a short 
period as pres. of the Board of Loyalists in 
N.J., but in Aug. 1782 went to Eng., where 
he obtained a pension. In 1784, the father 
and son, after an estrangement of 10 years, be- 
came reconciled. His son, William Temple 
Franklin, editor of the works of Dr. F., b. ab. 
1760, died at Paris, May 25, 1823. He 
.iccomp. his grandfather to Paris, acting as his 
secretary. 

Franklin, William Benjamin, brev. 
niaj.-gcn. U.S.A., h. York, Pa., Feb. 27, 1823. 
West Point (1st in his class), 1843. Entering 
the topog. engs. in the summer of 1845, he 
acconip. Kearney's exped. to the South Pass 
of the Rocky Mountains. He served on Gen. 
Taylor's staff at Buena Vista ; was brev. 1st 
lieut. for that battle, and from June, 1848, to 
Jan. 1832, was assist, prof, of nat. philos. at 
West Point. Feb. -June, 1852, he was prof, 
of nat. philos. and civil engineering at the 
N.Y. City Free Acad. Capt. July 1, 1837. 
In 1839, he became supt. of the Capitol and 
post-office extensions at Washington ; and in 
March, 1861, of the extension of the national 
treasury building; col. 12th U.S. Inf May 
14, 1861; brig.-gen. of vols. May 17, 1861, and 
assigned in July a brigade in Heintzelman's 
division. At the battle of Bull Run, he was 
" in the hottest of the fight." On the re- 
organization of the army in Sept., he received 
a division in the Army of the Potomac. Ho 
re-enforced McClellan after the evacuation of 
Yorktown, transporting his division by water 
to West Point, on York River, and repulsed 
the enemy under Gens. Whiting and U. W. 
Smith, who attempted to prevent his landing, 
May 8, 1862. May 15, he was app. to com. 
the 6th Army Corps. He participated in the 
operations before Richmond, repulsing the 
enemy on the right bank of the Chickahominy, 
June 27 and 28, and again, in conjunctiou 
with Sumner's corps, at Savage's Station, 
June 29. He com. at the battle of White-oak 
Bridge, June 30 ; made maj.-gen. of vols. 
July 4, and brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. June 30, 
1862. At South Mountain, Sept. 14, be 
dLstiiig. himself by storming Crampton's Ga)i. 
He was in the battle of Antietam, Sept. 17, 
and in Dec. was placed in com. of the left 
giaiid division, and ^^'as in the battle of 
Fredericksburg. He com. at Baton Rouge, 
La., Julv-.\iig. 1863; exjied. to Sabine Pa.-s, 
Tex., Sqit. 1863; and from 15 Aug. 186.'i, to 
29 Apr. 1864, com. the 19th Army I'orps, 
dept. of the Gulf; took part in the Wed River 



FRA 



340 



FRK 



campaif.'!! under Dankx, and cngagcil at Sabine 
Cross Kuads, whero he was wounded, 8 Apr. 
I8C4 ; I'luasanc ilill, Apr. 9, 1864, and Cane 
River, 23 Apr. 1864. Brev. inaj.-t'cn. 13Mnr. 
1865 ; resigned 15 Mar. 1866. Vice-pres. and 
gen. niivnt Colt's Fire Arm Co., Ilartlord, Ct., 
since 15 Nov. 1865. — VuUiim. 

Fraser, Ciukles, artist, b. Charleston, 
S.C, Au^. 20, 1782; d. there Oct, 5, 1860. 
At the afje of 12 or 14, he made sketches of 
the scenery of Charlt<ion and vicinity. JIc 
studied law, however; was adin. to practice in 
180"; at the end of 1 1 years retired with a com- 
petency, and thencefonh devoted liiiiiself toari. 
He attained eminent success in miniaiure-paiut- 
ing. In 1825, he painted the portrait of La- 
fayette, and durinu 50 years had painted nearly 
every disting. citizen of S.C. He also pro- 
duced many landscapes, interiors, historical 
pieces, and pictures of i/mre and still life. Mr. 
Fraser was also a writer of periodical litera- 
ture, poetry, and occasional addresses. In 
Jan. 1857, an exhibition of his collected works 
WHS opened in Charleston, numbering 31.'] min- 
iatures, and 139 landscapes and other pieces in 
oils. lie was for a short time a resident of 
Boston. Author of " Reminiscences of Charles- 
ton." 

Frazee, John, sculptor and architect, b. 
Erthway, N.J. , July 18, 1790; d. N. Bedford, 
Ms., March 3, 1852. In early life he was a 
farmer and stone-cutter, and, removing to N.Y., 
was long unsurpa.ssed in the beauty and finish 
of his monuments, tablets, ornamental mantles, 
and the delicacy of bis lettering. Turning his 
attention to sculpture, he produced a mural tab- 
let and bust of John Welles for St. Paul's 
Church, a most elaboruto and highly-finished 

giece. At the request of the trustees of the 
Boston AtheuiEum, in 1834 be luodelled a 
scries of busts of eminent men in that city, 
which now adorn its library : they were of 
Webster, Bowditch, Prescott, Story, J. Lowell, 
and T. IL Perkins. He also produced heads 
of John Marshall, Jackson, Lafayette, UeWitt 
Clinton, Jay, Bishop Hobart, Dr. Milnor,' Ur. 
Stearns. Architect of the N. Y. custom-bouse, 
in which he was some time an officer. 

Prazer, Simon, a Brit. gen. ; killed at the 
battle of Bcmis Heights, Oct. 7, 1777. Said 
to be the youngest son of Ilugli of Balnain, 
and to have served in one of the Scotch rests, 
in the pay of Holland. Capt. 2d Highland 
llatt. Jan. 11, 1757 ; served with distinction in 
Germany; major 24th Foot, March. 1761; 
lieut -eoi. July, 1768; col. Sept. 6, 1777, and 
app. brig.-gen. by Carl -ton, June 22, 1776, in 
which capicity he acc.nnp. Burgoyne's cxped. 
He pursued the Amcrji in., in their retreat from 
Ticonderugii. and, overtaking thcin, gained the 
victory of Habhardion, July 7. 1777. lie took 
part in the lirst battle of Stillwater, Sept. 19, 
1777 ; and in the sevond battle, I'uughl on the 
same ground, was shot l>y a rilleman. He was 
a brave and skilful solilier. 

Freeman, George Washington, I). P., 
missionary bishop of Ark. and the Indian Terr, 
south, with supervision of the chufx;h in Texas. 
Coiisei-. Oct. 26, 1844; d. Apr. 29, 1858, a. 69. 

Freeman. Jamks, I).b. (H.U. isii), 

clergy inau, b. Cbarlestown, Jls., Apr. 22, 1759 ; 



d. Newton, Ms., Nov. 14, 18.35. H.U. 1777 
In 1782 he was lay-reader, ami Oct. 18, 1782, 
was chosen pastor, of the Kpisc. society wor- 
shipping at the Stone Cha|>el, Boston. Dis- 
carding the doctrine of the Trinity while lay- 
reader, bis sentiments were adopted by the 
greater part of his hearers, who resolved to 
alter their liturgy, and ordained him as their 
minister, 18 Nov.' 1787. Dr. Freeman was the 
first minister in the U.S. who openly asaumol 
the name of Unitarian. A vol. of his sermons 
was pub. 18.32. One of the founders of the 
Ms. Hist. Society. 

Freeman, James E., artist, h. Nova Sco- 
tia ; was at a very early age brought by his par- 
ents to Ot.scgo, N. \ . Through difflculties 
and hardships he made his way to N.Y'., stnd- 
ied at the National Acad., soon lieeame a mem- 
ber, and in. the sister of Latilla, an artist of 
merit, who devoted himself to rural architect- 
ure, and d. a few years since at Chautauipia, 
N.Y. Freeman has resided many years in 
Italy, and has a decided genius for expression. 
Among his pictures arc " The Beggars," '• The 
Bad Shoe," " The Crusader's Return," " Flow- 
er-Girl," " Savoyard Boy," " Young Italy," 
and " Study of an Angel." His wife is a 
sculptor ol promise. — Tiiciermiin. 

Freeman, Nathaniel, jurist and physi- 
cian, b. Dennis, Ms., Apr. 8, 1741; d. Sand- 
wich, Ms., Sept. 20, 1827. He stuilied medi- 
cine, and in 1765 settled In Sandwich, where 
he studied law under bis relative. Col. James 
Otis. An early patriot of the Revol., he head- 
ed a rvgt. of militia in the cxped. to U. I. He 
performed imiwrtaiit services in the legisl. ; was 
a brig.-gen. of militia in 1781-93; register 
of Probate, 1775-1822; judge of C.C.P., 1775- 
1811; distinguished as a physician and sur- 
geon. He was one of the best extempore s]K'ak- 
ers of his day, was twice in., and had 20 chil- 
dren. 

Freeman, Samlel, judge, b. Portland, 
Me., June 15, 174.) ; d. there June 15, 1831. 
Son of Juilge Knoib, who d. Si-pt. 2. 1788, a. 
81. Active and zealous in the early Revol. 
struggles. See. of the Cumherlaml Co. Con- 
vention in 1774 ; an industrious and useful 
member of the Prov. Congress in 1775, an^l of 
the house of representatives in 1776 and 
1778. In 1775, on the reorganization of the 
courts, he was B)>p. clerk, continuing 45 years. 
Register of probate also, until rommissioned 
judge in 1804, continuing until 1820. Post- 
master of P. 1776-1805. An active and effi- 
cient friend of Bowd. Coll. I'uh. " Town Of- 
ficer," "American Clerk's Magazine," "The 
Massachusetts Justice," 8vo, 1803; "Pro- 
bate Directory," 12mo, 180.3. He cditetl the 
Journal of Rev. Thos. Smith, pub. 1821. 

Frelinghuysen (fre-ling-hi'-zen), Gkn. 

FKEUEnicK. Revol. soldier, and an eminent 
lawver. I). N. J. Apr. 13. 17.53; d. Apr. 13, 
1804. N. J. Cull. 1770. Son of Rev. John 
of Karitan, N. J. Memlwr of the Com, Con- 
gress in 1775, 1778-9, and 1782-3. Served as 
a capt. and col. in the nrmv. was at Trenton 
and .Monmouth, and was saitl to have shot the 
Hessian commander Rahl. He ser^•ed through 
the war, afterward filled various State and 
county ofiBccs, and in 1790 was app hy 



341 



FR.E 



Washinston a ninj.-gen. in an exped. a<;ainst 
the \\^■^lel■ll In-liins. U.S. senator, 1793-6. 

Frelinghuysen, Theodore, LL.D. (N. 
J. Coll. 18U.i), statesman and scholar, son of 
Frederick, b. Millstone, N. J., Mar. 28, 1787; 
d. N. Brunswick, N. J., Apr. 12, 1862. N. J. 
Coll. 1S04. Adm. to the bar in 1808. he soon 
attained high repute as a lawyer. He was a 
capt. of vols, in the war of 1812 ; was in 1817 
chosen atty.-gen. of the State by a le;;isl. op- 
posed to him in politics, and in 1829-35 was a 
IJ. S. senator. In this body he heartily sup- 
ported all .acts tendins to ameliorate the con- 
dition of the poor and ojjpressed, or to elevate 
their moral or religious character. He advocat- 
ed bills for the improvement of the condition 
of the Indian tribes, the suppression of Sun- 
day mails, and supported Mr. Clay in the tar- 
iff and compromise acts of 1832. Mayor of 
Newark, N. J., in 1837 and 1838. Chancellor 
of the U. of N.Y. from 1838 to 1850. In \SU, 
he was nominated by the Whig party for Vice- 
Pres. on the ticket with Henry Clay. From 
1850 until his death, he was pres. of Rutgers 
Coll. N. J. He filled many places of honor 
and of trust. Pres. of the Board of Missions 
and of the Bible Society. —See T. W. Cham- 
bers's Memoir of Frclinqhuisen, 1863. 

Fremont, John- Ch.irles, explorer and 
soldier, b. Savannah, Ga., 21 Jan. 1813. 
Charles. Coll. 1830. His father was a French- 
man, his mother a Virginian. Instr. in math- 
ematics in the navy in 1833-5. He accomp. 
Capt. Williams, U.S.A., in a survey of the 
Cherokee country, in the winter of 1837-8, 
and in 1838-9 assisted Nicollet in exploring the 
country between the Missouri and the British 
Htic. App. 2d lieut. topog. engs. 7 July, 
18)8; and 19 Oct. 1841 he m. Jessie, dau. of 
'1 liomas H. Benton. In May, 1842, he began, 
under the authority of govt., the e.xploraiion 
ot an overland route to the Pacific ; examined 
the South Pass of the Rocky Mts. ; a.scended 
in Aug. the highest peak of the Wind River 
Mts., now called Fremont's Peak, and, return- 
ing ill the autumn of 1842, pub. a report com- 
memled by Humboldt in his " Aspects of Na- 
ture." In the summej' of 1843, in another 
ixped., he explored the Great Salt Lake ; 
leaching Fort Vancouver, near the mouth of the 
Columbia River, in Nov. Attempting to re- 
turn by a more southern route, his progress 
was impeded by deep snows, and his party suf- 
fered severely from hunger and cold. Chan- 
ging his course, he returned through the Great 
Basin and the South Pa.ss, having exhibited 
a fortitude and daring rarely surpassed, and 
was brev. capt. 31 July, 1844. In a third e.\- 
, ed. in 1845, he explored the Sierra Nevada, 
California, &c. In Mar. 1846, he successfully 
repelled an attack by Mexicans, near Monte- 
rey ; was n)aj. comg. batt. of Cal. vols. July- 
Nov. 1846; app. lieut.-col. mounted rifles, 27 
May, 1846, and was app. gov. of Cal. by Com. 
Stockton, whose authority was disputed by 
Gen. Ke:irney. Arrested by the latter, he was 
tried by a court-martial, and found guilty of 
mutiny and disobedience. Pardoned by the 
Pres., but declined the pardon, and resigned his 
commission. In 1848, he undertook a new ex- 
ped. across the continent. His guide lost his 



way; and, after encountering incredible hard- 
ship, he returned, with the loss of one-third of 
his party, to Santa Fe'. Renewing his elTbrts, 
hesuecessfullyencountered the hostileApaches, 
and in 100 days reached the Sacramento. In 
1849 he settled in Cal., where he had purchased 
the auriferous Mariposa tract, the title to which, 
after much litigation, was confirmed by the U.S. 
Sup. Court in 1855. Commissioner in 1849 
to run the boundary-line between the U. S. 
and Mexico. He used his influence to make 
California a free State, and was her U.S. sen- 
ator in 1850-51. In 1850, he received for his 
scientific services a gold medal from the King 
of Prussia, and another from the Roy. Geog. 
Soc., Lond. In 1853, he led, at his own ex- 
pense, a 5th exped., and succeeded in finding 
a new route to the Pacific, ab. lat. 38° north. 
Repub. nominee for the presidency in 1856, he 
received 1 14 votes against 1 74 for his successful 
competitor, Buchanan. In the fall of I860, he 
visited Europe. App. maj.-gen. U.S.A., 14 
Jlay, 1861, and assigned to com. the Western 
dist. In Aug. he issued an order emancipating 
the slaves of those who should take arms against 
the U.S., which was annulled by the Pres. as 
premature. He was in pursuit of the insur- 
gents, whom he had just overtaken at Spring- 
field, Mo., when he was removed from the 
com., 2 Nov. 1861. App. to com. the moun- 
tain dept., including parts of Va., Ky., and 
Tenn., in Feb. 1862, and June 8 fought an 
indecisive battle at Cross Keys. Recalled 
from the pursuit of Jackson, he resigned his 
com., and was nom. to the pres. by the Cleve- 
land Conv. in 1864. — See Lives, bi/ John Bige- 
low, 1856, wid C. W. Ujiham, 1856, Fremoid's 
Explorations, 2 vols., 1859. 

French, Aug. C, lawver, gov. of Illinois, 
1840-53. Law prof in McKcndree Coll., 111.; 
b. NIL ; d. Lebanon, 111,, Sept. 4, 1861. 

French, Bexjamin F., hist, writer, b. 
Richmond, Va., June 8, 1799. He received a 
classical education, and studied law, but aban- 
doned it on account of ill health. In 1825, hav- 
ing previously contrib. essays and poems to va- 
rious periodicals, he pub. " Biographia Ameri- 
cana," and soon after " Memoirs of Eminent 
Female Writers." Though actively engaged in 
planting and commercial pursuits, he has pub. 
5 vols. 8vo of " Historical Colls, of Louisi- 
ana," 1846-53. He has also in preparation 
2 vols, of " Hist. Annals," relating to the 
htst. of N. America from its discovery to 
1850. Before taking up his residence in N. 
York, he gave most of his extensive private 
library to the Fisk Free Library of N. Or- 
leans. Author, also, of " History and Prog- 
ress of the Iron Trade of the U.S.," 1821-57, 
8vo, 1858; "Beauties of Byron, Seott, and 
Moore," 2 vols., 1828, Pliila. — Dui/clcinck. 

French, L. Virginia, poetess, b. on the 
Easiern .Shore of Va., at the country-seat of her 
tnalernal grandfather, Capt. Thos. Parker, a 
Revo), officer, ab. 1830 With her sister, she 
was educated at the Washington Female Sem., 
Pa.; and in 1848 they established thejnselves 
as teachers in Memphis, Tenn. Under the 
signature of " L'Inconnuc," Virginia contrib. 
articles to the journals and magazines of that 
region, and in 1852 was assoc. with others in 



FRE 



842 



FlU 



the pub. of the " Southern Lailios' Book." 
Jiiii. 12, 185.3, 8he m. John H. French of Mc- 
Minnville, Tenn., wliore shn has .Hiiiee resiiiej. 
She pill), in 1856 " Wind Whisper-.." n collee- 
tioM ot her poems; iiml has since written a 
scrica of histuricul " Lc;;en<ls of the Sonih." 
also a five-act tra);eily, " Izialilxo, the Lmly of 
Tiilii." She siicreick'il Mrs. Brvan us editress 
of llie L'r'is.iilr. iif Atlanl.i, (i.i'. 

French, Willia.m IIknrv, hrev. ninj.-jrcn. 
U.S.A., I) AM. ah. 1818. We»t I'oint, 18.37. 
Enterin;; the 1st Art., he serveil in the Florida 
war in 1837-8; was assist adj.-(ren. to Gen. 
Patterson, and aide to Gen, I'iereo in 1847; 
was hrcv, capt. for i;»llantr)' at Cerro Gordo, 
and major for Contreras and Chitrulmsco. 
Capt, 1st Art. 22 Sept, 1848 ; ent{aj;ed aj;ainst 
the Seminoles in Fla. 1850-3 ; app. Iiric.-f;en. 
of vols. Sept. 28, 1861, and, Oct. 26, major 2d 
Art. ; en};a:;ed in the IVninsular cainpai;;n in 
Va., — at Vorktown, Fair Oaks, Oak Grove, 
Gaines's .Mill, Peach (Jrchard, Suviijre Sta- 
tion, Gleiidnle, and Malvern Hill, In the 
battles of Antietaiu and of Fredericksbur;;, ho 
coin, a division of Sumner's aniiv corps ; 
inaj.-)»en. Nov. 29, 1862; engajjed at Chancel- 
lorsville; com. 3d army corps from 7 Julv, 
1863 ; en;;nKed at Manassas Gap, 23 July ; m 
the Uapidan campaij^, Oct.-Dcc. 1863; en- 
gaged at Auburn, 7 Oct. ; com. 2d and 3d 
corps in foned passage of the Uappahannock at 
Kelly's Foril, 7 Nov. ; of 3d corps in opera- 
tions at Mine Run, Nov. 1863; in com. at 
Havre de Grace in Julv, 1864; lieut.-col. 2d 
Art, 8 Feb. 1864 ; brc'v. lieut.-col. for Fair 
Oaks, col. for Antietam, brig.-gen. for Chan- 
cclloi-sville, and maj.-gen. for gallant and 
merit, services in the Rebellion. — CiJlnm. 

Freneau, Pim-ip, poet of the Amcr, 
Revol., b, N,V, City, Jan. 2, 1752; d. Mon- 
mouth, X.J.. Dec. 18, 1832. N.J. Coll. 1771. Of 
Huguenot descent. His gratnlfather Andrew 
was a merchant of N.Y. ; and Peter, his fa- 
ther, a wine-seller. At 17, Philip wrote " The 
Poetical History of the Prophet Jonah." In 
1776, be went in a mercantile capacity to the 
W. Indies, remaining some time. In 1779, ho 
wa.s a leading contiib. to the U. S. Mmiazine, 
dlited by 11. H. Biuckenridue at Pliil.-i. In 
1780, while on a voya'_'e to the W. Indies, he 
was captured by the Driiish, anil experienced 
the horrors of a prison-ship in N.Y., after- 
ward the subject of one of his |>ocnis. On bis 
release, be became a frequent eoutrib. of patri- 
otic verses to the Freeman's Journnl of Phila. 
From this unprofitable etnploriiient be turned 
to mercantile affairs, and made freijuent voy- 
ages to the W. Indies. In 1791, he eilited the 
liaili/ Aili-erliser in N.Y., wliicli in Oct. he 
left i'or the yaliomil (Inzelte of Phila., being 
at the same time employed by Jefferson as 
translating clerk in the State dept., ami un- 
sparingly assailing in his journal ihe|)olicy of 
Washington. Freneau was a zealous Democrat, 
He retired to N.J. in 1793, and May 2. 1795, 
began at .Minint I'leasant the Jersri/ Chioniclt, 
discontinued at the ciiil of the year. In 1797, 
he edited at N.Y. the Tinv jiin-e and Litriaiv 
Comimiilon. He m., ab. 1782, Elinor, dau. of 
Samuel Korman of N.J., by whom he had 4 
daughters, Froncuu's proiluctious "atiituuled 



his couniryincn in the darkest days of '76, and 
cheered the des|ionding soldier as he fouglil 
the battles of freeilom. Campbell and Scott 
borrowed from him ; and Jeffrey prvdielcd that 
the time would come u hen his pix'try, like Ua- 
dibras, would comnmnd a commentator like 
Grav." lie pub. " A Translation of the Travels 
of tlic Ablid Robin" in N.Y. 1783; " Poems," 
Phila. 1786; •' Miscellaneous Works," 1788; 
" Poems written between 17C8 and 1794," 
Mount Pleasant, N.J , 1705 ; " Letters on Vari- 
ous Subjects," &c., by Rol)ert Slender, Phila. 
1799; a new edition of his Poems, 1809; 
" Poems written between 1797 and 181 5," 2 vols,, 
N,Y. 1815. An edition of his Revol, Poems, 
with a Memoir and Notes, by IC. A. Duyekiiick, 
was pub. in N.Y. in 1865. PtTiiR, bis bro., 
edited and pub. at Charleston, S.C. (1795- 
1810), the Cilu (iaziilf, a Democ. print. Comr. 
of loans lor i>.C. ; had Im-ch sec. of State of 
S.C. ; d. Oct. 1814, a. iu. — l>'i,iilcm<-k. 

Frey, Rkv. .Toseph S.vmukl C. F., b. 
Germany, of Jewish parentage, 1772 ; d. Pon- 
tiac, Mich., 1850. lie became a Chriiiian at 
25, came to the US. in 1816. was some time a 
Presb. preacher in NY., and subse<|ueiitlv, as a 
liaptist, lalmred both in Eng. and the CS. as 
a missionary for the conversion of the Jews. 
Author of " Narrative," I.,ond , 1809 ; " Van- 
derhooght's Heb. Bible," 8vo, 1811; "Bib- 
lia Hebraiea, a Hebrew Grammar in the Eng, 
Lang.," 1812; ", Joseph and Benjamin," 2 
vols. 12ino; "Juilah and Isr.iel," 1837; 
Jewish /iilellitfencer, vol. 1 ; " I>ectures on the 
Scripture Types," 2 vols., 1841. 

Prezier (fra'-zeiV), Amedki: Fhanqois, 
French iniliuiry engineer, b. Chaniliery, 1682; 
d. 1773, in 1706, he pub. a "Treatise on Firc- 
Works;" and in 1716, "Voyage to the South 
Sea and the Coasts of Chili and Pern in 
1712," which was often rx'printi-d. Chief en- 
gineer of the fortifications constructed in Brit- 
tany after 1740, 

Frick, Ciiari.es, M.1)„ b, Baltimore, 
Aug. 8, 1823 ; d. there Mar. 25. 1860, MI). 
U. of .Md. 1845. His father. Wm. Frick, 
judge of the Ball. Sup. Court, d. 1855. lie 
rceeiveil a classical eihicalion at Bait. Coll., 
studied engineering, but adopted the medical 
profession, and opened an oftice in Baltimore 
in 1845. In the fall of 1847, he organized the 
Mil. Med. Institute, iu which he lau;:ht practi- 
cal medicine; was physician to the .Md. Peni- 
tentiarv in 1849-56; was prominent in the 
Bait. Pathol. Society in 1855-6; was prof, of 
mat. med. in the Md. Coll. of Pharmacy in 
18.56-8; and prof, of mat. med. and thenipeu- 
tics in the U. of Md. in l858-«0, also har- 
ing charge of the Bait. Infirmary. He pub. a 
vol. on " Renal Diseases " in 18.50, and eontrib. 
to the Joiitttitl of' Med Setenre, and other sci- 
entific periodicals, — dross's Mttl. liloi]. 

Frisbie. Levi, scholar, b, Ipswich, Ms,, 
Sept. 15, 1783; d. Cambridge, July 9, 1822. 
H. U. 1802. Son of Levi, luinisicr of Ips- 
wich, missionary to the Delaware Indians 
west of the Ohio; d. Feb. 25, 1806, a. 56. 
Dartm. Coll, 1771. The son was a tciieher in 
Concord. Ms., and commenced the study of 
law. but became Latin tutor in II. U. in 1805; 
prof, oi Latin iu 1816, and Nov. 5, 1817, Allord 



FRO 



343 



KRO 



Prof, of moral philosophy and political econo- 
niv. A coll. of his writiiijrs, wiili some notices 
of his life, was puh. IJoston, 1823, 8vo, hv 
Andrews Norton. One of his poems, a gener- 
al favorite, " A Castle in the Air," first ap- 
peared in the Muiilhli/Anlhoh]!/. 

Frobisher, Siii SIxrtijj, an eminent 
navi'utor. b. near Doncastcr, in Yorkshire, ah. 
1.5:!6°; d. Plymouth, 7 Nov. 159-1. B.on^'ht up 
to the sea, and acquirinf: creat skill in navi- 
gation, the idea of the discovery of a iiorth- 
west passage to the Indies excited his amhiiion ; 
and, after many fruitless attempts to induce 
mcrchauts to favor his project, he was enabled 
bv the ministers and courtiers of Queen Eliza- 
beth to fit out a private adventure, consisting 
onlv of two barks of 2.5 tons each, and a pin- 
nace of 10, with which he sailed from Dejittord 
in June, 1596. In this enteriuise he entered 
the strait ever since called by his name, and 
returned to Eng. with some black ore, which, 
being supposed to contain gold, induced the 
queen to patronize a second voyage, and lend 
a sloop of :iOO tons from the royal navy for the 
purpo.se. The delusion was kept up to a thiinl 
expcd.; but they all proved fruitless. In 1585, 
Frobisher accomp. Sir Francis Drake to the \V. 
. Indies ; and, at the defeat of the Spanish Anna- 
da, he com. one of the largest ships of the fleet, 
and was honored with kniLrhthood for his ser- 
vices. In the years 1 590, '92, he com. a squad- 
ron against the Spaniards, and took many rich 
pri7.cs. Iti 1594, he was sent with four ships- 
of-war to the assistance of Henry IV. of France 
against the Spani>h and Leaguers, when, in an 
attack on a fort near Brest, Nov. 7, he received 
a wound, of which he died on his return home. 
An account of his voyages is in Pinkertou's 
Coll., vol. 12. 

Promentin, Elioius, judge ; d. New Or- 
leans, of the vellow-fever, Oct. 6, 1822. U.S. 
senator from La. in 1813-19 ; he was in 1821 
ju.l-e of the Criminal Court of N. Orlean.s, 
and was app. judge of the western dist. of Fla. 
He subsequently resumed the practice of law 
at N. Orleans. He pub. "Observations on a 
Bill respecting Land-Titles in Orleans." —Al- 
len ; Lnniiinn. 

FrODitenao (fron'-teh-nak'), Locis de 
Bu.^DE, Count de, gov. of Canada, b. France; 
1620; d. Quebec, Nov. 28, 1698. Entering the 
military service, he was a col. at 17, and a 
lieut.-geu. at 29, having been greatly disting., 
and co\ cred with scars and honors. He learned 
the science of war under Maurice of Nassau, 
serving in Italy, Flanders, and Cerniany, and 
was selected by Turenne to head the troops 
sent to relieve "Canada. He succeeded Conr- 
cclles as gov. in 1672, built Fort Fronteiiac 
(Kingston) in 1673, but, on account of some 
arbitrary acts, was recalled in 1682. He en- 
couraged and aided La Salle in colonizing the 
Mpi. Valley, and by posts at Niagara, Maeki- 
n 'c, and in' Illinois," assailed the English settle- 
ments, and controlled the Indians. Ue-appoint- 
ed in 1688, when her insufficient resources had 
led the Colony to the brink of ruin, he carried 
on a vigorous war against the English settle- 
ments in N.Y., and their Indian allies the 
Iroquois, who made several successful inroa<ls 
to Canada. In 1690, ho defeated Admiral 



Phips and the English fleet before_ Quebec, in 
commemoration of which Louis XIV. caused 
a medal to be struck. Frontenac followed up 
his success by invading the Mohawk country, 
and leading an exped. in person against Onon- 
dau'a and Oneida; while on the coast he men- 
aced Me. and N.Y. He had all ihe qualities 
of a great man. He was the terror of the Iro- 
quois ; and his activity was only equalled by 
bis courage. His wife, who survived him, had 
been one of the beauties of the French court, 
and was a friend of Mme. de Maintenou, the 
relative of her hushaiul. 

Frost, M.VJOR Cii.vnLEs,b. Tiverton, Eng , 
1632; d. July 4, 1697. Ah. 1636, be accomp. 
his father, Nicholas, to the Pascataqua Hiver, 
and settled at the bead of Siur;.;eon Creek. 
Member of the Gen. Court, 1658, '69 ; an assist. 
in 16S0, an<l in 1693-7 a councillor ; col. of the 
Me. rcgt., and participated in the Ind. wars. 
Ambushed and killed by them in consequence 
of his having treacherously seized some of 
them, who were cither hung, or sold into 
slavery, in a time of peace. — N. E. 11. and G. 
He>l.,u\., 249. 

Frost, George, jurist, b. A]n-. 26, 1720; 
d. June 2r, 1796. Son of Hon. John Frost, a 
com. in the R. N., who d. 1732. Bnnr.-ht up 
in the counling-hou.se of his uncle. Sir William 
Pepperrell,ah. 17+0 be entered one of his vessels 
as supercargo, followed the sea about 20 years, 
and, becoming a partner with Geo. Richards 
of Loud., sailed to and from that port. Ab. 
1760, be returned to bis old home in Newcastle, 
and resided there until his m., in 1764, to 
Mrs. Margaret Smith of Durham, where he 
in 1769 fixed his permanent resilience. Judi^e 
of the C.C.P. of Stafli'ord Co. 177.3-91. He 
was many years chief justice ; was a delegate 
to Congress in 1776-7 ami 1779, and councillor 
from 1781 to 1784. —.V. E. //. a„d G. Ret;., v., 
167. 

Frost, Jons, LL.D. (Mar. Cull. 1843), a 
prolific bookmaker, b. Ivenncbunk, Me., Jan. 
26, 1800 ; d. Phila. Dee. 28, 1859. H.U. 
1822. He taught school at Carahridgeport, 
Boston, and Phila., until 1845. He pub. 
" Pictorial History of the World," 3 vols. 8vo; 
" Lives of American Generals," 1848 ; " Naval 
Commanders," " Book of the Arniv," "Book 
of the Xavv," " Pict. Hist, of the U.S." &c. 

rrothingham, Nath.vsiel Laxgdon, 
D ])., cleigvman and poet, b. Boston, July 23, 
1793; d. tiic.e Apr. 3, 1870. H.U. 1811. 
After teaching in the Boston Latin School, he 
became in 1S12 instructor in rhetoric and 
oratory at II U., an office be was the first to 
hold. " Mar. 15, 1815, he was ord. pastor of 
the First Cong. (Unit.) Ch., Boston. Ill health 
compelled his resignation in 18.50. Author of 
more than 50 occasional sermons, also of a vol., 
" Sermons in the Order of a Twelvemonth," 
1852. He contrih. many articles to religious 
periodicals, chiefly to th"e Cl.n'sh'an Ernminer. 
While a student "at Cambri.lgi-, lie delivered a 
poem at the installation of Pies. Kirkland, and 
he subsequently contrili. several versions from 
the (icrman, ami original jioems, to magazines. 
In 1855, these were collected and pub. under 
the title of " Metrical Pieces, Translated and 
Original." 



FRO 



844 



FXTt, 



Frothingbam, Octavics Bhooks, son 

of I 111' |irici-iTiii^', a cler;;viiniii of induptiiJciit 
views ill X.V. fitv, l>. Nov. 26, 1822. H.U. 
1 84.). Or.l. Norili Church, Siilcin, Miir. 10, 1847. 
IIo removed to N.V. in 1859, nnd since Feb. 
1860 has been pastor of the Third Unilurian 
Society, representing the most radical phase 
of rationiilistic Uiiilariunisin in the U.S., and, 
thon;;h difU'rin;: widely from Thcodoro I'arker, 
may lie nyardcd as his successor. Author of 
occasional M-rinons. 

FrothingbtllDi RicilAnn, Jun., historian 
and joiiriiali>t, b. Cliarle^iown, Ms., Jan. 31, 
1812. Many years connected with the liustim 
J'liit, of which he is still a proprietor, and in 
1852-6.') was iniinn;.Mii;; editor, and ihc chief 
contributor to its eolninns. A prominent 
nienibcr of the Ms. Ie;,'isl. in 18.39, '40, '42, '49, 
anil '50. In 1851, he was a delegate to the 
Ucnioc. Nationul Convention. In 185.'J, ho 
W)\8 a delegate to the convention to revise the 
State constitution ; in ISol-.'J. mayor of 
Charlestown. He pub. the " History of 
Charlcstown," 1848; " Ili<iorv of the Sic-je 
of Boston," 1849 ; " Life of (ie'ii. Joseph War- 
ren," 8vo, I8G5, anil " Rise of the Kopublie," 
1871 ; " Tribute to Tin. mas Siarr Kill';," 1865; 
" The Com. in the Battle of Bunker's Hill, 
&c.," 18.50; Memlier of the Ms. Hist. Society, 
and for several years has been its treasurer ; 
author of a paper on municipalities, in the 
Proceedings ol the Ainer. Aiitiq. Soc., No. 55, 
1870. 

Frye, Cot,. Ja.me8, Rcvol. officer, b. An- ■ 
dovcr, .Nls., 1709; d. Jan. 8, 1776. He sus- 
tjiincd several municipal offices ; served at the 
capture of Lnnislinrn in 1755; com. the Ksscx 
re;;!, at the opcniTiu' of the Kevol., taking an 
active (lart at ili" battle of Bunker's Hill, and 
afterward corn, the Glh brigade of the army in- 
vesting Boston. 

Frye, Gen. Joseph, b. Andovcr, April, 
I7U ; d. Fryeburg, Me., 1794. Justice of the 
peace, anri represcntnlive to the (Jen. Court of 
Ms. ; ensign in Hale's regt. at the capture 
of Louisbnrg in 1745 ; a col. at the taking of 
Fort William Henry by Montcalm in 1757, 
nnd esca]>ed by killing the Indian who had 
charge of him, and reacheil Fort Edward in 
safety ; app. tnaj.-gen. by the Prov. Congress 
of Mass. June 21, 1775, and brig.-gen. by the 
Cont. Congress, Jan. 10, 1776, but resigned on 
account of intirmiiv, April 23, 1776. He was 
an early settler of 1-Vyeburg. 

Fry, JosEfii Keese, banker, nnd music 
and art connoisseur, bro. of William II.; d. 
Phila. June, 1865. Son of William, pub. of 
the Xiiliminl Gasili'. Ho translated anil 
ndapted the opera of" Norma," from the Italian, 
forthc Wood F.jiu'li^b Opera Troupe, wrote the 
libretto of bis brolbcr's o|)era " I«eonora," and 
also of the opera of" Notre Dame." An accom- 
plished scholar and linguist, he was well versed 
in the history and literature of music, and 
wnitc with ease imil taste, lie was largely in- 
Dti'uinrntnl in raising the Union lycagiic IJvi- 
gailc at a gloomy |>criod of the civil war. 
Author of" Life of Zachary Taylor," 1848. 

Fry, Col. Joshi-a. h. Somersi-tshire, Kng. ; 
d at the mouth of Wills Creek, .Md., .11 May, 
1754. Kducatcd at Oxford, he was some time 



prof, of math, at William and Mary Coll., and 
subsequently a ineinl>er of (be H. of BiirgeA.scs, 
and a commissioner on (he boundary-line 
between Va. and N.C. With Peter Jeflerson, 
he made a map of Va., and was in 1752 a 
commissioner to treat with the Indians at 
Logstown. Intrusted with the com. of the 
cxped. against the French in 17.54, he dieii 
while conducting it to the Ohio, nt llie place 
afterward known as Fort Cuinlierlantt Col. 
of militia in 1750, and a ineinberof the govern- 
or's council. 

Pry, WiLLi.iM Henry, composer anil 
journalist, b. Phila. Aug. 1815 ; d. Santa 
Cruz, W. I., Dee. 21. 1864. His father, 
William Fry, was pmprieior of the Saliuiiul 
Giizelle of Pliila. The son was edueateil in 
bis native city, and at Mount St. Mary's Coll., 
Emmetsburg, Md. His musical talent was 
very early manifested, ami in 1835 he received 
from the Philharmonic Society of Phila. an 
honorary medal for 4 overtures performed by 
them. He Iwcanic connected with the Siilioiiul 
Oiizflte in 1 8.'19 ; was editor of the Phila. h-d;/er 
in 1844, and afterward wrote for the ■'iiin. 
His opera of " Le<inora" was produced at the 
Chestnut-street Theatre in June, 1845, and an 
Italian version at the Acad, of Music, N.Y , in 
the spring of 1858. From 1846 to 1852, Mr. 
Fry was in EiirojK;, chiefly residing in Paris, 
anil corres|ioniling with the .V. 1'. 'J'nbiihi 
(with wbii hhe wassiil>se<|Uentlyeonnecled),ilie 
Phllii. /.^(A/.r. and other newspapers. In 1852, he 
delivered in N.Y. a series of 10 lectures on the 
history of music, illustrating them by two new 
symphonies, " The Breaking Heart," and a 
" Day in the Country." These, with two 
others, " Santa Claus " and " Childe Harohl," 
were also soon after played by Jiillicn's 
orchestra in various parts of the U.S. He also 
wrote the music to nn ode for the opening of 
the great industrial exhibition at X.Y. in 185.1, 
and a gtaUit tiviler, eotnpo.seil in 1855. He was 
also a political orator, and a )H>pular U-ciurer 
on miseellaneons subjects. Uepub. "Artificial 
Fisb-Breeding," 12ino, N.Y., 1854. 

Fuca (foo'-ki), Juan de, a navigator, 
whose real name was Apostolos Valcrianos, b. 
Cephalonia ; d. Zante, 1602. For upwards of 
40 years, he acted as a pilot in the Sfianish- 
Amer. possessions, and in 1592 he was sent by 
the viceroy of Mexico to exidorc the wist coast 
of N.A. The account of his discoveries was 
mingled with such romantic tales, that it re- 
mained disbelieved until the irading-vcs.scls 
which frequent this coast in the fur-lrade dis- 
covered the inlet mentioneil by De Fuea, U-- 
tween the 48th nnd 49lb parallel. This siruit 
was thoroughly explored by Vancouver in 
1792. His name has been given to the strait 
which connects the Pacific with the Uulf of 
Georgia. 

Fulford, FitANCi.*, D.D., Pr. Ep. bishop 
of Canada, b. Sidinouth. Eng., I8(«; d. .Mon- 
treal. Sept. 9, 1868. Educatetl at Tiverton 
grammar-school, and Exeter Coll , Oxford, 
wheie be grad. B.A. 1824. and was eh-eted a 
Fellow in June, 1825; rc<xivcd the deirree of 
D.D. in 1850; was rvctor of Trowbridge Wilts 
from 18.32 to 1842 ; rector of Croydon fro^n 184S 
to 1845 ; minister of Cunun Chapel, London, 



FXTL. 



345 



FXJL 



from 1845 till his consecration in 1850; was 
also chaplain to the Duchess of Gloucester, 
and in 1859 was app. metropolitan bishop of 
Canada. He pub. Sermons, and a work on 
" The Progress of the Relbrniatiou," and was 
an elofpuMit piTaehor. — Mortjan. 

Fuller, Aktuur Bdckminster, Unitarian 
cler;;vman, 1). Camliridguport, Ms., Aug. 10, 
1822"; killed at Frederieksburg, Va., Dec. 11, 
1862. H. U. 1843. Son of Hon. Timo., and 
bro. of Marg.iret, who fitted him for coll. In 
his boyhoo(l he lost an eye. After studying 
theology at Cambridge, he was for some years 
a teacher and missionary in Illinois. From 
1848 to 1853 was pastor of a Unit, church in 
Manchester, N. H. ; from 1853 to 1859 was 
settled over the New North Church, Boston, 
and then settled as pastor at Watertown. 
Cluiplain leth Ms. vols. Aug. 1, 1861. He 
volunteered to join a forlorn hope in crossing 
the Rappahannock, and fell while driving the 
rebel sharpshooters out of Fredericksburg. 
He edited his sister's works, and pub. " Hist. 
Discourse del. in the New N. Church, Boston, 
Oct 1 . 1854." — S-e Memoir of' Cliaplaiii Fuller, 
hj his hro. R. r. Fuller, 1864.' 

Fuller, Hiram, b. Plymouth Co., Ms. 
Pub. and editor of the N. T. Mirror for 14 
years; pub. "The Grolon Letters" in 1845, 
and in 1858 " Belle Brittan," a series of lively 
letters. Now (1870) ed. of a Lond. weekly 
gazette, the Cosmopolite. Before his removal to 
N.Y. City, he was principal of a young ladies' 
sem. and a bookseller at Providence. 

Fuller, JoH.v W., brev. maj.-gen. vols., b. 
Cambridge, Eng., July, 1827. His father, a 
Baptist minister, came to N.Y. in 1833. The 
son was a bookseller at Utica, and afterward 
at Toledo, 0. Col. 27th (). regt. Aug. 1861; 
served under Pope at New Madrid and Island 
No. 10 ; corn, a brigade at luka, and with spe- 
cial distinction at Corinth, in Oct. 1862; cap- 
tured Decatur, Ala., in Mar. 1864; com. 1st 
brig. 4th div. 16th corps in the Atlanta cam- 
paign, and for his brilliant services at the Chat- 
tahoochee River, July 21, 1864, was niadebrig.- 
gcn. In Oct. he fought Hood at Snake Creek 
Gap; com. the first division 17th corps in 
Sherman's march to the sea ; was present at 
Johnston's surrender, and was brev. maj.-gen. 
— lieid's Ohio in the War. 

Fuller, Richard, D.D., Baptist clergy- 
man, b. Beaufort, S.C, Apr. 22, 1804. H.U. 
1824. At the age of 20, he was adtn. to the 
bar of S.C. His enjoyment of a lucrative 
practice was interrupted by ill health. On re- 
covering, he studied for the ministry. Ord. in 
13.33. lie exchanged, in 1847, his charge at 
Beaufoit for that of the 7th Baptist Church in 
Baltimore, where he still remains. He has 
pub. " Corrcsp. with Bishop England concern- 
ing the Roman Chancery," " Corresp. with Dr. 
Wayland on Domestic Slavery," " Sermons," 
and "Letters," "Argument on Baptist and 
Close Communion," 1849, and " The Psalm- 
ist," a hymn-book in general use among Bap- 
tists. 

Fuller, Richard Frederic, lawyer and 
scholar, b. Cambridge, Ms., May 15, 1821 ; d. 
Wayland, Ms., May 30, 1869. H. U. 1844. 
Bro. of Margaret. He pub. a biography of 



his bro. Rev. A. B. Fuller, and " Visions in 
Verse." 

Fuller, Sarah Margaret, Countess 
D'Ossoli, b. Cambridge, Ms., 23 Mav, 1810; 
d. 16 July, 1850. Her father, Hon. Timothy 
Fuller, M.C., gave her the education of i^ boy, 
and at 17 she read fluently French, Italian, 
Spanish, and German. The death of her father" 
in 1835 compelled her to rely upon herself; 
and she became a teacher in Boston. In 1837, 
she was principal in the Green-st. School, Prov- 
idence. In 1839, she formed, in Boston, classes 
of young ladies for. conversation, in which she 
took the lead, and for which she possessed re- 
markable capacity. In 1840-2, she edited the 
Dial, to which she contrib. pajiers upon the 
social condition of woman, subsequently pub. 
as "Woman in the 19th Century." In 1843, 
after a Western trip, she pub. " A Summer on 
the Lakes. In 1844, she was literary editor of 
the N. Y. Tribune, some of her contribs. to 
which were pub. as " Papers on Art and Lit- 
erature," 1846. In 1846-7, she travelled in 
England and France, and, visiting Italy, m. the 
Marquis d'Ossoli, and sympathized deeply with 
the revol. then in progress. In the summer of 
1850, with her husband and child, she took 
passage for N.Y. and was wrecked on the coast 
of N. J. — See Memoirs bu her brother Arthur, 
also by R. W. Emerson ana \Vm. H.Channing, 2 
voLs., 1851. 

Fuller, TiMOTHT, lawyer and politician, 
b. Cliilmark, Ms., 11 July, 1778; d. Groton, 
I Oct. 1835. H.U. 1801. Son of Timo., min- 
ister of Princeton, Ms. He studied law in the 
office of Levi Lincoln; practised with success 
in Boston; was a State senator in 1813-16; 
M. C. 1817-25; speaker of the Ms. legisl. 
1825, and member of the exec, council in 1828 ; 
eminent as a Democ. politician and orator. Ho 
was the instructor of his celebrated ilau. Mar- 
garet. He pub. Oration 4 July, 1809, speeches 
on the Seminole war. Mo. Compromise, &c. 

Fulton, Robert, inventor and successful 
introducer of steam-navigation ; b. Little Brit- 
ain, Lancaster Co., Pa., 1765; d. New York, 
F'eb. 21, 1815. Of Irish descent. His father d. 
when he was but 3 years old. He received a 
com. school education, went to Phila. in 1782, 
and in 1785 was a miniature-painter there, 
making money enough to buy a small tarm in 
Washington Co., upon which he placed his 
mother. He then went to Eng., studied sever- 
al years under Benj. West, adopted the profes- 
sion of a civil engineer, and, while at Birming- 
ham, familiarized himself with the steam-en- 
gine, then just improved by Watt. Here he 
devised an improved mill for sawing marble, a 
machine for spinning flax and making ropes, 
and an excavator for scooping out the channels 
of canals and aqueducts. In 1795, he furnished 
to the Ijond. Mornin;/ Star essays on canals, 
and, early in 1796, pub. in Lond. aworkon the 
improvement of canal-navigation. He went to 
Paris in 1797, resided 7 years with Joel Barlow, 
and studied languages and the sciences connect- 
ed with his profession. He ofil-red his inven- 
tion of the submarine torpedo to the French 
and Eng. Govts, without success, and in Dec. 
1806 arrived in New York. He had. in Sept. 
1793, addressed a letter to Earl Stanhope " re- 



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346 



G-.A-D 



Bpcctinj; the moving' of ships by the iiienns of 
eteain," mid had Ikcii aided in France in \ih 
cx|iiiiinciiW by Chuncellor Livincsion, who 
had |irocurcd an act of the X.Y. Ic;;isl. eivin;; 
to Fuliiin and himself the exclusive |)rivile;ie 
of natijjaliii); tlio waters of the Stiite by steam. 
In 1807, '■ The Clcrniuni " was built, and trav- 
ersed the Hudsim at the rule of 5 mWaa an 
hour, completely estahlishiiitf the utility of the 
invention. His second lur;;e boat on the Hud- 
son was " The Cur of Neptune," also built in 
1807. In 1809, Kultuii obiaineil his lir^t pa^ 
cut from the U.S., and in 1811 took out a sec- 
ond for some improvements in his boats and 
machinery. They were limited to the simple 
means of adapiin;; paddle-wheels to the axle 
of the crank of Watt's engine. Fulton con- 
structed ferry-boats to lun between N.Y. and 
N..J., a boat lor Long Island Sound, 5 for the 
Hudson River, and several for ditfercnt parts 
of the U.S., some of them for the Ohio and 
Mpi. Rivers. In 1811, he was commissioned 
by the lci;isl. to explore the route of an inland 
navi;;atiuri from the llud.son to the Lakes, and 
re]iortc(l in favor of the proposed canal. Hav- 
inj; taken out a patent for improvements in 
maritime warfare, he was in 1814 app. en<;i- 
neer for building floalin;: batteries for coast de- 
fence. The first U.S. war-steamer, called " The 
Dcmolo;:os," afterward " Fulton the First," 
was unwieldy, and attained a speed against 
the current of only 2 1-2 miles an hour; but, as 
the pioneer of the steam-navies of the world, 
it was regarded as a marvel, ami tis a most po- 
tent enu'ine of defence. Fulton in. in 1806 
Harriet Livingston, a relative of thech.incellor. 
He pos.scssed uncommon tact, energy, patience, 
and enthusiasm, and wus eminently popular. 
Congress, in 1846, paid $76,300, in "full, of the 
claims of Fulton against the U.S. for inven- 
tions and improvements in the application of 
steam to navi.;aiioii. Lives of Fulton have 
been puii. by C. D. Colden in 1817, and in 
Spark^'s " Am. Biog.," by Henwick. 

Fulton, William S.[ statesman, b. Cecil 
Co., .Mil., June '2, 1795; d. Rosewood, near 
Black Rock, Ark., Aug. I J, 1844. Bait. Coll. 
181.1. During the war of 1812, he was a vol- 
unteer, anil was in Fort Mcllenry during its 
bomharilment. Removing to Tenn., he be- 
came sec. to Gen. Jackson, studied law, and 
then settled in Ark. When the territorial 
govt, was organized in 1829, lie was first sec; 
was gov. in 1835-6. and Irom its admission in 
18lt'.. until his death, U.S. senator. 

Furness, William IIksrv, D.I). , clergy- 
man and author, b. Boston, April 20, I8U2. 
11. U. 1821). Onl. pastor of the First Cong. 
Unit. Church in I'hila. Jan. 12, 1825. He 
has pub. " Remarks on the Four liospcls," 
1836; "Jesus and his Biographers," I'hila. 
1838; a" History of Jesus," 1850; "Thoughts 
on ihe Life and Character of Je.sus of Naza- 
reth," Boston, 1839; a vol. of prayers, entitled 
" Domestic Worship; " a vol. of " Discourses," 
185'), besides hymns and other devotional 
pieces in verse ; translations from the (Jerinan ; 
a vol. of " (Jems of (ierman Verse," and a 
vol. entitled " Julius, and Other Tales from the 
German," 1856. He edited for 3 years " The 
Diadem," a I'hila. annual ; has been a coutrib. 



to the Christian Ertiitiinfr, and is the author of 
a number of published sermons, many of which 
arc in support of the uniislavery cause, in 
which he took great interest. 

Furness, Willia.m IlKNitr, son of the 
aliove, portrait-painter, b. I'hila. 1827 ; d. 
Cambridge, Ms.. March 4, 1867. After study- 
ing his art at Dusseldorf, Munich, I)resden,and 
Venice, he established himself in I'hila. as a 
portrait-painter, married, and removed to Bos- 
ton, where he attained a high rank in his pro- 
fession. He first gained reputation by his cray- 
on-drawing. Among his portraits arc Mrs. 
Lathrop of Boston, Miss Emerson of Concord, 
Wilde the artist, Dr. Furness his father. Lucre- 
tia Molt, Chas. Sumner, and Rev. Dr. Barnes. 

Oadsden, Cmuistoimieb, Revol. states- 
man, b. Charleston, S. C, 1724; d. there 
Aug. 28, 1803. E.lucated in Eng. under the 
care of relatives ; clerk in a counting-house in 
I'hila. until 21, and aftcra second visit to Eng. 
became a merchant in Charleston, and his suc- 
cess enabled him to repurchase the largo estate 
which his father had lost in play with Adm. 
Anson in 1733. A delegate to tiie Stamp-act 
Congress at N.Y. in 1765, he was one of the 
first in S.C. to foresee the improbabiliiy of a 
reconciliaiion to Givat Britain, and who openly 
advocated republican |>rinciples, and desired 
the ind.'pendence of America. He was a cor- 
resp. of Samuel Adams, and, like him, was one 
of the boldest and most resolute of the patriot 
leaders. A mcmlwr of the Congress of 1774- 
5, he was thanked for his services by the S.C. 
legisl. on bis return Chosen a col. in 1775. he 
was actively engaged in the defence of Charles- 
ton in 1776< was made a brig -gen. Sept. 16, 
1776, and resigned in 1779; was one of the 
franiersof the State constitution in 1778, and, 
as licut.-gov. of the State, signed the capitula- 
tion when Charleston was taken by .Sir Henry 
Clinton in 1780. Carried to St. Augustine, 
he sufi'ered a rigorous confinement of 42 weeks 
in the dungeon of the castle; was exchanged 
in June, 1781, and sailed to I'hila. ElecttNl 
gov. in 1782, but dei'Iined on account of age 
and infirmity. Although himself a large loscr 
in properly by the Revol., he strenuously op- 
posed in the usseinbly and council the lawcon- 
fiscatini; tiie estates of the Tories. 

Gadsden, Christophi^r Edwards, 
D.I). (S.C. Coll. 1815). Prot. Epis. bishop of 
S.C, b. Charleston, Nov. 25, 1785; d. there 
June 24, 1852. Y. C. 1804. Grandson of the 
preceding. Deacon in 1807; priest in 1810; 
rector of St. John's, Berkeley, 1808 ; after- 
ward tts>ist. minister of St. Philip's Church, 
Charleston, of which he was rector from July, 
1814, until his dciilh, and was consec. bishop 
June 21, 1840. Bishop Gads<len pub. a num- 
ber of sermons and charges, and an essav on 
the life of Bishop Dehon (1833); and eJited 
the Gosjiel Mrsftii/rr, which contained many 
contrilintlons from his |icn. 

Gadsden, Gkn. Jamei, statesman, b. 
Charksion, S.C, Mav 15. 1788; d. there Dec. 
26, 183i. Y.C. 1806. Grandson of Christo- 
pher. Engaged ill commerce till the war of 
1812, when he was mode a lieut. of engineers ; 
served in Canada, and, at its close, was confi- 
dential aide to Gen. Jackson. He accomp. biu 



GA.G- 



347 



G-AZ 



in the Seminole campaign in 1818, in which 
he distinj;. himselt', and was made a c:ipt., and 
charged with tlie construction of works for tlie 
defL'nce of the Gulf frontier. App. insp.-gen., 
rank of col., Oct. 19, 1820. Ou tlie reduction 
of the army in 1822, he was relieveil, and for 
some months assisted Mr. Calhoun, sec. of 
war. He then liccanie a planter in Fla. ; was 
a menibijr of the territorial council, and, as a 
commi.-sioner, effected a treaty for the removal 
of the Seminoks from northern to southern 
Fla., and was aficrward occupied in commerce 
and in rice-cniture near Charleston. App- 
mini-ter to Mexico in 185.3, he negotiated the 
" Gadsden Purchase," now known as Arizona, 
for 810.000.000. 

Gage, Frances D.vna, philanthropist and 
reformer, b. Marietta, 0., Oct. 12, 1808. Her 
father, Joseph Barker of N. H., was an early 
pioneer to the West, and she assisted him in 
his trade of a cooper, having few opportunities 
of education. At 21, she ra. James L. Gage, 
a lawyer of McConnellsville, O. She was an 
early advocate with ]jen and voice for temper- 
ance, antislavery, and woman's rights. Pre- 
sided over a woman's rights convention in 
Akron, O., in 18.')1 ; and her opening .speech 
was remarkable for its sense and pathos. In 
lSo.3, she moved to St. Louis, but was branded 
as an abolitionist, was often threatened with 
violence, and was thrice a sufferer from incen- 
diarism. She next edited an agric. paper in 
O. ; but on the breaking-out of the war, in 
which 4 of her sons were engaged, she went 
South, and ministered to the soldiers and taught 
the frcedmen, working without pay, and was 
an unsalaried agent of the Sanit.iry Commis- 
sion at Memphis, Vicksburg, and Natchez. 
She was afterward seriously crippled by the 
overtnriiing of a carriage at Galesburg, III. 
She subsequently lectured on temperance, hut 
was stopped in her career of usefulness by a 
stroke of paralysis, in Aug. 1867. Under the 
nomine <le plitin'e. of " Aunt Fanny," she has 
written many beautiful stories for children, 
stanzas and >ketches. She was an early con- 
trib. lo the Salurilai/ Visitor, and has written 
for the -V. Y. I nd, jiendent. A vol. of " Poems." 
and a temperance tale, " Elsie Magoon," are 
her latest works. 

Gage, Thomas, or Friar Thomas of St. 
Mary, missionary and author, was an Irishman, 
educated at St. Omer's, and joined the Domin- 
icans; b. 1597 ; d. 1655. In 1625, he set out 
with some missionaries from Spain, destined 
for the Philiiipinc Islands, but, not relishing so 
distant a mis-ion, went to Guatimala, where, 
and in other neighboring places, be was a mis- 
sionary to the Indians. In 1637, he settled as 
a Protestant minister at Deal, Eng. He pub. 
" A New Survey of the W. Indies," giving an 
account of his mission to New Spain, and of 
his travels, 1648, 4th ed., 1699. Author of 
'■ Hist, of Mexico," Paris, 1696. 

Gage, TiroMAS, a British gen., b. ab. 1720; 
d. 2 Apr. 1787. Second son of the first Vis- 
count Gage. Entering the army young, ho 
became lieut.-col. 44th Foot, 2 Mar. 1750. At 
Braddock's defeat at the battle of Mononga- 
hela, 9 July, 1755, he led the advance, and 
was wounded. Dec. 8, 1758, he m. Margaret, 



dan. of Peter Kemhie, pres. of the council of 
N.J. She d. Lond. 9 Feb. 1824, a. 90. He 
was in the exped. under Amherst against 
Tieonderoga; was made maj.-gen. in May, 
1761, and gov. of Montreal; succeeded Am- 
herst in com. of the British forces in Amer. in 
1763; lieut.-gen. 1770; and in Apr. 1774 suc- 
ceeded Hutchinson as gov. of lis. Bay. Ho 
occupied Boston with 4 regiments soon after 
its port had been closed by the British minis- 
try ; issued a proclamation against the Solemn 
Jjcague and Covenant, June 24, and forbade 
the holding of town-meetings. 19 Apr. 1775, 
he sent a detacliment to destroy the cannon 
and ammunition at Concord, which caused the 
Lexington battle and the opening of the Revol. 
war. June 12, Gage proclaimed martial law, 
offering pardon to all except Samuel Adams 
and John Hancock. June 17, the battle of 
Bunker's Hill was fought, and the royal army 
was shut up in Boston by the American 
militia. Oct. 10, 1775, G.ige resigned, and re- 
turned to Eng., where he became a gen. and 
col. 2d Foot. He was an amiable and benevolent 
man, and possessed respectable military talent. 

Gaillard, John, U.S. senator in 1804-26, 
and 11 years its pres. ofiScer, b. St. Stephen's 
dist.. S.C. ; d. Washington, 26 Feb. 1826. 

Gaine, Hugh, printer and bookseller, b. 
Ireland; d. N. Y. \yr\\ 25, 1807, a. 81. He 
commenced business in New York in 1750. In 
1752, he started the N.Y. ilercury, wliich ap- 
peared every Monday. He soon after opened 
a bookstore, with the sign of the Bible and 
Crown, in Hanover Square, which remained in 
his hands 40 years. Gaine was compositor, 
pressman, folder, and distributer of his paper, 
which had a circulation of 300-400. A Whig 
at first, he subsequently devoted the Mercury 
to the support of the royal cause. At the 
close of the war, his petition to remain in 
the city was granted ; but he gave up bis 
paper, and continued bookselling, acquiring a 
handsome estate. 

Gaines, Edmund Pendleton, maj.-gen. 
U.S.A.. b. Culpcper Co., Va., March 20, 
1777; d. N. Orleans, June 6, 1849, James, 
his father, led a company in the Revol. war ; 
was in the N.C. legisl. and the convention 
which ratified the Federal Constitution. 
Nephew of Edm. Pendleton. The family 
moved in 1790 to Tenn. Entering the army 
as ensign, Jan. 10, 1799, he became capt. Feb. 
1807 ; maj. 8th Inf. March 24. 1812; lieut.-col. 
24th Inf. .July 6, 1812 ; col. 25th Inf. March 12, 
1813; adj. gen., rank col., Sept. 1813; brig.- 
gen. March 9, 1814; brev. maj.-gen. for gal- 
lantry at Fort Erie, Aug. 15. 1814, where he 
was severely wounded Aus, 28, and for which 
he received the thanks of Congress Nov. 3, 
1814, and a gold medal. He was in the battle 
of Chrystler's Field, Nov. 11, 1813; served 
under .Jackson in the Creek war, and was 
wounded in an action with Seminole Indians 
on the Ouithlacoochie, Feb. 29, 1836. For 
calling out a large number of the Southern 
militia without orders, at the breaking-out of 
the Mexican war, he was tried by court-mar- 
tial, but not censured. He was a man of 
extreme simjdicity of character, and unques- 
tioned integrity. 



GA.I 



848 



GJUi, 



Gaines, Major John P., sohlior and 
poliiioinii o( Kv.; <l. Ori'i^on, 18')8. Major in 
Mariiliuirs Ky. vol. cuv. in the Mexican war; 
niaiU- |iris<inur at Incarnaciun, Jan. 1847 ; vol. 
aide to (icn. Scott, ami (listing;, at El Molino ; 
M.C:. from Kv. 1847-9; guv. of Oregon Terr. 
18j()-.'i. 

Oaither, llEsnr, liuut.-col. U.S.A., h. Mil. 
1751 ; (I. (Jeuricetown. D.C, Jiinc 22, 1811. A 
capt. Uevol. army, and engageil in nearly every 
battle of the war ; a|>|>. maj. in the " Levies of 
1791 ; " served under St. Clair against the 
Miami Indians, Nov. 1791 ; liciit.-col. 3d sub- 
legion, Oct., 179.3, to June 1, 1802. He was an 
excellent di.sciplinarian. His son, Gen. Wil- 
LI.IM LiNUA.v, a prominent politician of Md., 
frcqnently member of the legist., and president 
of the senate, d. Montgomery Co., Md., Aug. 
2, 18.-,8. 

Gale, Benjamin, physician, b. L.I. 1715; 
d. Killiiigworih, Ct., May 21, 1790. Y.C. 
17.3;). He studied medicine with Dr. Jared 
Elliot, whose duu. he in., and, like him, was a 
scicniilic and practical agriculturist, having 
received a medal from a society in. Eiig. for 
the invention of an improved drill plough. 
He took great interest in politics, writing many 
political essays for the newspapers. Ab. 1730, 
he pull. "A Dissertation on Inoculation," He 
also pub. sumo essays in the Trans, of the N. 
ILiviii Mid. Society, and wrote " A Dissertation 
on the I'lopliecics." — 'J'/iiuIiit. 

Gales, Joseph, journalist, b. Eckingion, 
near Shcllicld, Eng., 10 Ajir. 1786; d. Wash- 
ington, 21 July, 18G0. U. of N.C. .Joseph, 
his father, came to the U.S. in 1794, pub. the 
/m/./.. Habile in Phila. (Aug. 179.^99), the 
Kalcigh (X.C.) Reijister (1799-18.39); d. 24 
Aug. 1841. The son settled in Washington 
in 1807, connected himself with the Nalloiuil 
Intelliii' ncer, became sole proprietor in 1810, 
took as a partner his bro.-in-law, W. W. 
Seaton, in 1812, and in Jan. 1813 began to 
issue the hiltUii]tncer daily. He wrote with 
great force and clearness. 

Galitzin, Demetrics Acoustine, a 
Russian nulilc, afterward a missionary, b. at 
the llairno, Dec. 22, 1770; d. Loretto, Pa., 
May G. 1840. His father, while ambassador in 
Paris, embraced the principles of Voltaire and 
Diderot; hut the son, in 1787, joined the R.C. 
Church. In 1792, he was aide to Gen. Van 
Lilicn in Brabant. Dismissed from the Aus- 
trian service as a foreigner, he resolved to 
travel in America. Soon after landing in 
1792. he entered the tlieol. seminary in Balti- 
more, and March 18, 1795, was ord. priest by 
Bishop Carrol. lie tirst officiated at Conc- 
wani;o. Pa., also in Pa., Md., and Va., until 
1798, when he founded a Catholic colony in 
Cambria Co., Pa. Here he pun'hascd a largo 
tract of lanil, eivctcd saw and grist mills, and 
founded the town of Loretto, expending 
$150,000. His rank wo-s concealed under the 
assumed name of " Father Smith." His 
charge extended over a wild and extensive 
region, through which he made incessant 
journeys. He also composed several contro- 
versial works, and was several limes proposed 
for the ei)i»co[iacy, but would not accept the 
honor. His name has been given to a village 



near I^orctto ; and a monument was erected bo- 
fore the church in 1848. 

Gallagher, Cam-. John, D.S.N., b. Md.; 
d. Wilmington, Del., Nov. 1, 1842, a. 58. App. 
licut. July 24, 1813; master Mar. 2,1825; 
capu Dec. 22, 1835. He was a lieut. of tha 
frigate " United Slates " in the action with 
tlio British frigate " Macedonian," Oct. 25, 
1812. 

Gallagher, William D., poet and jour- 
nalist, b. I'liihi. Aug. 1808. His father, an 
Irish rebel of 1798, soon after emigrated to 
Pliila. The son removed to Cincinnaii in 
1816, where, in 1821, he entered the priiiiing- 
office of a newspaper; and in 1824, while an 
apprentice, edited and pub. a sinull literary 
paper. He became known as a writer in 1828 
by the publication, in the Cincinnati Chronicle, 
of a "Journey through Ky. and Mpi." He 
successively edited the liiiclcmwUman at Xcnia, 
O., 18.30; the Cincinnati ilirror, 1831; the 
W'rslern Litirary Journal and MontJili/ Itevirw, 
1836; the //M/<«r.(in, 18.38; from 18-39 to 1850 
was assoc. editor of the Citicinnati Gazette: and 
in 18.'>3 was one of the editors of the Louim- 
vitle Dailif Couritn-, but h&s since resi<led on a 
farm near that city. He pub. 3 small vols, of 
poetry, entitled " Eralo," 1835-7 ; " Selections 
from the Poetical Literature of the West," 
1841. In 1849 he was pa's. of the Ohio Hist, 
and Philos. Society, and delivered a valuable 
address on the " Progress and Kesourccs of ihe 
Xorth-west." In 18.i0 he accom|>aniod Sec. 
Corwin to Washington as his cuntiih'ntial 
clerk. He has wiiiten much on a;,'riculiure, 
and has collecicd materials for " A Social and 
Statistical View of the Mpi. Vullov." — Pods 
ami PiMliy of the Wisl. 

Gallatin, Aliikrt, LL.D., statesman, b. 
Geneva, Switzerland, Jan. 29, 1761 ; d. As- 
toria, L.I., Aug. 12, 1849. U. of Geneva, 
1779. His parents, both of whom were of dis- 
tiiig. families, d. while he was an infant. 
Sympathizing with the Americans in the 
struggle for liberty, early in 1 780 he came to 
Ms., and for a few months com. the foil of Pas- 
samaquoddy. In 1783 he taught French at 
H.U. ; and in 1784, having received his patri- 
monial property, invested it in land in Western 
Va. In 1786 he liought some land on the 
banks of the Monongahela, Fayette Co., Penn. ; 
settled there; wius in 1789 a member of the 
State Const. Conv. ; member of the legisl. in 
1790-2, giving strong indications, while in that 
body, of the financial ability he |iossessed ; 
sent td the U.S. senate in 1793. he was declared 
ineligible. He took part in the " Whiskey In- 
surrection " in 1794, and by his tact, courage, 
and lirmncss. aided in bringing about a |>eaco- 
ful settlement of the difficulty. M C. 1 795- 
1801 ; sec. U.S. treasury. May 15, 1801-13: 
sent in 1813 as one of the commissioners to 
St. Pelersliupg, the Russian Govt, havint; of- 
fered to mediate between the U.S. and Great 
Britain ; commissioner to Ghent, where the 
treaty of peace was made Dec. 24, 1814 ; nnd 
to<jk part in the commercial convention with 
Grvat Britain soon afterward ; minister to 
France, 18I.S-2.3; and deputed on special 
missions to the Netherlands in 181 7, and loEng. 
in 1818. On his retuni, he declined the nom- 



GrAJ- 



349 



GAI^ 



>etlieiUimls, •", '"' .,„ ' ^e was chosen prcs. ot 
dary question In 1830 he ^p^^ ,^^ 

the council oi the U. oi i^ n.nrm^y and 
pal,. ■■ Conshlerations on the_Ct.e^icy.^ ^ 

faankin?:-S.^ ^tem ol the U .&. » = 

reguht.ca bank ot the U-S- A meinb 

^^^^■"^^ r'rr tnlmoH^" to Congress 
prepaicd '°y \/^, ,ion,il Bank 1831-9, and 
Pros, of tiie ^;V Sy in 1843-9. A found- 
°' """i^fi^inre of he Ethnologieal Society 
er, and hr»t pres. 01 tu difficulties in 

oc. party he opposed ^e «"^'^]' ^ ^^^'/on his 

1 09 Ue gave his financial views in t«o 
' ,, f'jt KVotch of Finances, w'Jo, 
pamphlets, A ,?,X p" ,t " &c., ISOO. He 

systematized the "^f \°,,„^Pdvocate ofin- 
puhlie lands, and was -^ ■' ^ g t^ j^pt. 

gy of the ^^raeiic. 1 ^^^^ ^^^ 

^"'fl^3"''n:af7<^° ard pub. '^Synopsis of the 
"' ]^-h. •,„,."c.r invol.2,4ic/K<.o%(a J>mer- 
Indian Inbes, ^f\'"\'''\;,i .. Semi-civilized 
icana, Worcester 1836 ana ^^^ ^^^^^^^ 

Nations of Mexico, ^^^^^^^^ ^^ „ ^^ 

^"i^tcue^s on 'he U.S. Bank," 1810-U ; 
?"Ken^n enc"" of M- GaUatin were pub. 
l,v John Russell Bartlett, N.^ . 1841. 



ion of the deal ana Qu uu, ........ 

1T><7- d Uartord, Sept. 9, 1S31- » •"-" ' 

V ' Ti,w,l Ser^. 1814. Tutor at 1.0. 
fsos ,0 Of Huguenot descent. His mother 
1808-10. ^i" --. jescended from one of 
who was a ""V'^'f 'H„,lfo"d C'- I" 'i'"'"'' 

:re^r;rhr5£-^^i;.,s 

esled in the ed-aciuiono^^lca mute .^^,_ ^^^ 
Europe >";"--l,^ '^^h a class of seven pu- 
"u 'lie «^i one o, the most disting. and use- 
Kr,n^:;hI^ime,am.h^to.east^r. 

^^^wl'ietSTiruitfoaiabisowa 



private asylum, as well - V° "^"Sl^n fpl^ 

forf 1 Jan. 1838 to the time of '"^ «"th. 

lie pub. many public addresses andconu bs^to 

•'^i- ,1.. n vid of "Discourses, l^onQ. 

^.""^ ■ „\fThe Child's Book of the Soul, 
^^re'Vouth'r B^iok of Natural Theology 
J, other similar w.rks; and e 1 e ^oU_of 

^^dU;::u'eltn^^-i^ofhim,deli. 
^.efaT"Hartford.byHon.Hen,.y_mn,gn 

"&ison, Jon., lawyer and phihrnthro- 
F>iEs2^^nd 
where he lad a good share of business. He ed- 

?" ? isn7- 2ded with addit. notes and 
Court, 180- , 2U ea wn _^ y,,„jo(Vin 
references, 2 vols. 8vo, is4d. oce 
fe Christ an Disciple, Boston ui. 1 5 

served witli'li^""'^"""; "^^"'Tr? in 745- 
gov.ot Canada I-4o-9^, &nd ^^ , ^^_^ 

.ommamhng a '■luad.on o _^^^^_. ^^^^^ 

^rXh'ltt-IiB^g^otnhede^^ 

"*f;'l:;j;;;t:E;;g^:h'^-^-th:^Uht 

In 1749 he was one ot tne co m 
S:-5^m^nySn^9^n>$.S:^ 

bent^U^^e^---mi."-X 
ow in 'stuturc'and dc.ormed in l^^^J^^ 
was a strenuous supporter of tlie Abbe ue i^a 

for his work m Acadia. || 

Dickinson. Member id the *-""«■■ 

,774, he actively participated "» I^^^ ;,|. 

^eaJures, and^iivopose^to , ^^^^\,^ 

r^rS-->r'-t^'1r'hf^ec:'i?7^: 



850 



GAIC 



daughter. Franklin, wlio confided in bis 
patriuii!>m, hnil, on t:uing abronil, left in Wit 
chur;:i: liis valuable li-ticr-lmuks and papiT:), 
which were lost. lie wui the most violent and 

firoscriptivc, and perhiips tlic nio>t able, of the 
ovali.sts; and the evil effeets of his powerful 
intluvncc were often felt both in America and 
Eng. Ili^i evidence before the British house 
of commons in 1779 wus very daniut;inK to 
Sir W'm. Howe. He pub. " Observations on 
the Conduct ol Sir Wni. Howe," " A Letter to 
Howe on his Xaval Conduct." " Letters to a 
Nobleman on tlic Conduct of the War in the 
Middle Colonies in 1779," " Keplv vo the Ob- 
servations of Gen. Howe," " Cool riio»(;l>'* on 
the Con^C(lHenccs of American IndeiK-ndence," 
" Candid Kxaminationof the Claims of Great 
Britain and her Colonies," " KeHections on the 
American Rebellion," u work on Kevelations, 
Loud. 1802; " S| eecli in Answer to John Uifk- 
inson," 8vo, 17l)4 ; " rrophetic and Anticipiit- 
eil History of Rome," 8vo, 1803. A new edi- 
tion of his " Examination by a Com. of the 
House of Commons" was pub. I'hila., 8vo, 
IS.'iJ. by the Seventy-six Society. 

Gallup, Joseph Adah, 'physician and 
author, b. Stonin^-toii, Ct., M»r. ;)0, 1769 ; d. 
Woodstock,Vi.,Oit. 12, 1S49. 1).C. 1708. He 
practised in H;iriland and Bethel, Vt., whence ho 
removed to Woodstock in Jan. ISUO. He first 
became known as a writer in the IV. Gatelte ; 
from 1820 to 1S2.3 was prcs. of ond frof. in 
the Castlelon .Med. Aeail., and was several 
years a lecturer in the medical dept. of the U. 
of Vt. Ho established at Woodstock in 1827 
the institution subsequently known as the Vt. 
Med. Coll., incorporated in 18'3.i. He pub. 
"Sketches of KpideUiic Diseases in Vt."( 1815), 
to which are added " Remarks on rulinonary 
Consuniplion," which was repub. in Eng; 
" Puiholo^'ical Rellections on the Supcrtonic 
State of bisease," 1822, and in 1839 ■'Outlines 
of the Institutes of Medicine," 2 vols. 

•Gait, ALE.XA>'Dt:R TiLLocu, Canadian 
statesman and linancicr, son of John the au- 
thor, b. Chelsea, En;;., 6 Sept. 1817; elected to 
the Canadian parliament in 1849; minister 
of finance under Cartier in 18J8-May, 1862, 
Mar. IS64-A1I;;. 1866, and under the Domin- 
ion t:ovt. 1867-8; a dele^jate to confer with 
the Imperial govt, on the subject of confedera- 
tion, and was prominent in all measures tend- 
ing to unite and consolidate Brit. Amcr. Au- 
thor of " Canada, 1 849-59," Lond. 1 860. — Men 
ot' the Time. 

Galusha, Josas, gov. Vt. 1809-13 and 
lSlJ-211; ,1. Shaftsbuiy, Vt., Oct. 8, 1834, a. 
8.3. He was a Hevol. soldier, havin;; served at 
Bcnni<i;;ton ; nicmber of the General Assembly 
in 181)0; was a mem. of the council in 1793-8 
and 1801-5, and was judge of the Supreme 
Court 1795-7 and 1800-6. 

Gfdvez (uiil'-vCth). Dos BKR.NAnoo de, 
gov. of La. 1777-83. b. .Malasa. 1756 ; d. Mexi- 
co, Aug. 1794. His father, Don Mathias, was 
viceroy of Mexico ; and his uncle. Don Joseph, 
was sec. of Slate, and pres. of ihe council of 
the Indies. Bernardo wa* made col. of the regt. 
of Ltt. in 1776. and succeeded to the govt. 
Feb. 1, 1777. In Sejit. 1779 he loin.an exjicd. 
which captured from the English Batou Rouge 



and Xaichci; another, which captured Mobile. 
Mar 14. 1780; and a third, which captured Pen- 
sacola. May 9, 1781 ; and received the grade of 
lient.-gen. ; was made u count, and capt.-gen. 
of La. and Kla. Early in 1785 he was made 
capt.-gen. of (,'uba. but, on the death of his 
lather in the summer of th.ii vear, succeeded 
him as viceroy ol .Me.'clco. — (jai/urrt. 

Gambler, Jamls, a Brit, adm., b. in the 
Bahamas 1756 ; d. Apr. 19, 1833. His father, 
an adin. on the American station during the 
Rcvol. war, d. 1790. In 1778 he com. ■' The 
Thunder," bomb, which was captured by 
D'Estaing's fleet. Oct. 9, he was made post- 
capt., and com. " The RaU i);h,"32. At Charlc»- 
ton, S.C., he served with i!ie brigade of seamen 
until its reduction. In 17J-1 becnptureil " The 
MitHin," an American 20-',:un ship. Disting. 
in I.,ord Howe's victory, June 1, 1794 ; iK-cninc 
full adin. in 1805 ; com. the fleet against Co)>en- 
Imgen in 1807, and was rewnnlcil with a [iccr- 
age. In 1814, he was pluceil at the head of 
the commissioners for concluding a peace with 
the U. S., which was seltlcti at Ghent, ami rat- 
ified at WiLsliin;:ion Jan. 17, 1815. Made 
adm. of the fleet in 1830. 

Gamble, Thomas, capt. U.S.Jf.. son of 
Maj. Wm., a Revol. ollicer ; d. Oct. 10, 1818, 
w hile in com. of " The Irie," in the Mediterra- 
ncun. Midshipman Apr. 2. 1804 ; lieut. Apr. 
27, 1810; com. Apr. 27, 1816. His bro. JoHX 
M., col. U.S. marines, served under Porter in 
"The Essex," d. Brooklyn. X.Y., 11 Sept. 
1836, 0. 45. Peteb. a 3d bro., was killed in 
the battle on Lake Champlain, while acting 
first lieut. of the flagship Lieut Krascis G., 
U.S.X., another bio., d. in the W. Indies, Sept. 
29, 1824. 

Gammell, William, LL.D. (Roch. 1859). 
author, b. .Medrteld, Ms., 10 Feb. 1812. B.U. 
1831. Son of Rev. Wm. of Xew]iort. Tutorat 
Brown U. in 1835. assist, prof, of rhetoric, and 
in 1836 prof. ; from which post he was trans- 
ferred, in 1850, to that of history and jiolitical 
economy. He has pub. various orations and 
discourses on literary and historical subjects, 
aiso numerous articles for reviews and maga- 
zines, especially the Chriitian A'l view, of which 
he was several years one of the editors. To 
Sparks's " Ainer. Biog." he has coittrib Lives 
of Roger Williams and Gov. Sainl. Ward. 
He is also the author of "A History of Ameri- 
can Baptist Missions." 8vo. 1850. 

Gannett, Ezr.v Stu es, D.D. (H.U. 1843), 

clergyman, b. Cambridge, Ms., May 4, 1801; 
d. 26 Aug. 1871 bv a railroad accident at Re- 
vere, Ms. H. U.' 1820. Son of Rev. Caleb 
of Cambridge (1745-1818). Ord. collwigne 
with Ur. Channiug June 30, 1824; ond, with 
the exception of 2 _\ ears' abscui-e in Europe 
from ill health, continued pastor of the church, 
formerly in Federal St , now in Arlington St., 
until his death. Besides publishing many oc- 
casional discourses, and editing the itonl/ilf 
Misalliini/ from 1844 to 1849, he was a.ssoc. 
with Dr. A. Lamson in thecaiv of the Ckiialian 
ExiiminiT, the leading Unitarian periodical in 
the U..S. Dr. Gannett held a hi^-h rank in his 
denomination, in wliicli he was prominent in 
all ri'li^ious and benevolent enterprises. 

GanO, Jou.v, Baptist minister, b. Hopewell, 



G-AJSr 



351 



G-^R 



N.J. ; d. Frankfort, Ky., Aug. 10, 1804, a. 77. 
His ancestors, who weru French, settled iit New 
]\ochellc, N.Y. lie begun to preach in Va., 
ami lalwreil also in N. J. ami the Carolinas. 
In Dec. 1700 he was settled over the IJaptist 
church in Phila. ; and in 1761 coilccteil the 
first Baptist chinch in N.Y. City, over which 
he was ord. The Uevol. brolic up liis diiirch ; 
and lie hecaine a chaplain in the army, officiat- 
ing in the brigade of (Jen. Clinton through- 
out the war. lie afterward coilccteil his scat- 
tered Hock, but in 1788 removed to Ky. In 
1790 he wrote a sketch of his life, pub." N.Y. , 
1SU6, 12mo, by his son, Rev. Stephen. 

Gansevoort, Gukht C, commo. U.S.N., 
b. N.Y. 1812; d Schenectady, July 1.5, 1868. 
Educated at the Naval Acad. ' Midsiiipm. Mar. 
i, 182.3; heut. Mar. 8, 1837; com. Sept. 14, 
1853 ; rapt. July !0, 1862 ; commo. 1866 ; re- 
tired 1867. lie com. " The John Adams" dur- 
ing the Mexican war, and subsequently com. 
the ironclad " Koanoke." 

Gansevoort, PtTEit, Jun..hrig.-gen. Rev- 
ol. army, U. Albany, July 17, 1749 ; d. July 2, 
1812. Ap|). by Congress, July 19, 177.7, a 
maj. in the 2d N.Y. regt. ; and in Aug. joined 
the army under Montgomery which invaded 
Canada. Jlar. 19, 1776, he was made lieut - 
col. ; Nov. 21, c.l. of the 3d regt. In Apr. 1777 
he took com. of Fort Schuyler, and gallanily de- 
fended it against the British under St. Leger, 
who, after beseiging it from the 2d to the 22d 
of Aug., retreated. By preventing the co-opera- 
tion of that officer with Burgoyne, he contrib. 
essentially to the einbarras^nient and defeat of 
the latter, and oi>tained the thanks of Congress. 
In the springof 1 779 he was ordered to join Sul- 
livan in the Western cxpeii. At the head of a 
chosen party from the whole army, he disting. 
himself by surprising the lower Mohawk castle, 
capturing all the Indian inhabitants by the 
celerity of bis movements. In 1781 the State 
of N.i'. app. him a brig.-gen. He afterwards 
filleil a number of important offices, among 
which were commissioner of Indian affairs, 
and for fortilVing the frontiers. Military agent 
and brig.-gen. in the U.S.A. in 1809. 

Garay (ga-ri), John de, a bravo Spanish 
officer, b. Badajos, 1541 ; killed on the banks 
of the Parana ab. 1592. He was sec. to the 
gov. of Paraguay, where he displayed so much 
enterprise ami talent, that he was raised to the 
rank of lieut. -gen. and gov. of Assunjption. 
He founded Santa Fe', rebuilt and fortified Bue- 
nos Ayres in 1580, and endeavored by kind- 
ness to civilize the Indians. 

Garay, Josii DE,b. Mexico, Sept. 21, ISOl ; 
d. N.Y. City, Se])t. 21, 1858. Projector of 
the Tehuanicpec transit route, tor which he 
obtained the grant from Santa Ana in 1841. 
Author of an " Account of the Isthmus of 
Teliauntepec," 8vo, I.oml. 1846. 

Garcilaso de la Vega (garthe la'-so da 

liiva'-ga), surnanied the Inca, because, by his 
mother's siilc, he was desiended from the roy- 
al taniilv of Peru; b. Cuzco 1540; d. Cordo- 
va, Spain, 1616. His father, one of the ccm- 
queroro of Peru. d. Cuzco l.')59. Philip II., 
dreading the iiiHueiicc of Garcilaso among the 
natives, »uinmoriv.-d him to Spain in l.')6ii. He 
wrote au interesting and fuiihtui history of 



Peru, 1609-16 (an English translation, by Ry- 
cant, was pub. Lond. 1688), and also a histo- 
ry of Fla. 1605. 

Garden, Alexander, M.])., F.R.S., nat- 
uralist, b. Scotland, 1728; d. Lond. Apr. 15, 
1791. U. of Aberdeen 1748. He studied 
medicine under Ur. John Gregory; settled as a 
physician in Charleston, S.C., in 1752, and ac- 
quired a fortune, which was conli^cated, when 
he went to ICng., a loyalist, in 178.'j. He ac- 
quired distinction by his botanical knowledge, 
and became a corresp. of Linnasus in 1755, who 
gave the name of Gardenia to one of llie most 
beautiful and fragrant of the flowering-shrubs. 
He introduced into medical use the pink-root 
as a vermifuge, and in 1704 pub. an account 
of its properties, together with a botanical de- 
scription. He also pub. accounts of the lielesia; 
of the male and female cochineal insects ; of 
the mud iyuunu, or siren of S.C., an amphibi- 
ous animal ; of 2 new species of tortoises ; and 
of the Oi/iiiiiotm electriciis. To extend his 
knowledge of natural history, he aeeouip. Gov. 
Glen into the Indian country, 'and discovered 
an earth which was deemed in Eng. equal to 
the finest porcelain. The knowledge of the 
s])ot has, however, been lost. Elected a mem- 
ber of the Roy. Society in 177.'J, afterward viee- 
prc<. of that body. 

Garden, Major Alexander, Revol. 
soldier and author, b. Charleston, S.(^., Dec. 4, 
1757; d. there Feb. 22, 1829. Sou of Dr. 
Alexander. Educated at Westminster and 
the U. of Glasgow ; then travelled on the Con- 
tinent, returning in July, 1780. His father 
being a loyijlist, he left home in Nov. 1780; 
joined Col. John Laurens; was at one time 
aide-de-camp to Geu. Greene; was a lieut. in 
Lee's Legion in Feb. 1782, and was in many 
skirmishes. The State of S.C. returned to 
him bis father's confiscated property. He pub. 
" Anecdotes of the Revol. War,'' 1st series, 
1822, and a second series, 1828; repub. in 4to, 
1863. These are authorities for the history 
of the period, containing much original infor- 
maiion. 

Gardiner, John, lawyer, son of Sylvester, 
b. Bo^ton, 1731 ; drowned off Ca|)e Ann, Oct. 
13, 1793, by the loss of a packet in wdiich he 
took passage to Bo.'iton. He studied law at 
the Inner Temple, Loml. ; was adm. to prac- 
tice in the courts of Westminster Hall, and 
was intimate with Churchill and with Wilkes, 
in whose cause he appeared as junior counsel. 
He practised a short time with success in the 
Welsh circuit, and then pro ureil the ap)). of 
atty.-gcu. at the Island of St. Christopher in 
the VV. Indies, whither he removed with his 
family ab. 1706, and was very successful. 
Alter the peace of 1 783, ho removed to Boston ; 
practised law there with much celebrity ; re- 
moved in 1786 to an estate left by bis fatlier at 
Pownalboro', in the then Dist. of Me., where he 
also practised law, and was its representaiivo 
to the M.<. Icgisl. from 1789 to his death. In 
the legisl. he obtained the name of the law- 
reformer, having succeeded in procuring the 
repeal of the law ol primogeniture, and the re- 
peal of the law against theatrical representa- 
tiuus. His speech on the latter subject ho 
afterwards pub. in a small Svo vol. In con- 



852 



GAJ^ 



nection with the intter subject, he pub. " A 
Dinscrlation on the Aiu-iunt I'ueiry of the 
Romans," and an aocoiiiiiiui) in;^ !'|>c«;h. IIo 
dchvcred the oration in Uoytun, July 4, 1785. 
He was II tliuroii;,'h rc|iublicun: was a violent 
Whig in politic:) ; possciscd an a.'>tunisliing 
memory ; was an admirable bclles-lettrva 
scholar, learned in lu9 prufcs'^ion, and par- 
ticularly di-iinj;. for wii nnd clo<iuoncc. 

Oardinor, .(ohn SvLVEsruu John, D.D. 
(U. of I'a. ISl.t), clergyman and scholar, b. 
Haverford West, South \Vales, June, 176.') ; d. 
Harrowgatc, Eng. July 29. lS.iO. At the age 
of 5 he was sent to bis grandfather, V)r. 
Sylvester Gardiner, in Boston, for education, 
who ulnced him under the charge of Miistcr 
Lovell ; but, shortly before the commencement 
of the Revo! , he was removed to Eng., and 

f laced imdur the care of the celebrated Dr. 
'arr. In 1787 ho was ord. deacon, and 
assigned the pastoral charge of the parish of 
St. lielena, near licauforl, S.C. He removed 
thence in 1791; took priest's orders ; was settled 
OS assist, minister of Trinity Church, lioston, 
Apr. 22, 1792 ; and in 1804-5 succeeded 
Bishop Parker as rector of that church, in 
which station he remained until his death. 
While a.ssist. minister, he kept a cbissiral 
school, which was celebrated, lie was (listing. 
for pulpit eloquence, was in the first rank of 
classical and belles-lettres scholars, and was 
pi-es. of the literary club which for a number 
of years conducted the j7i(/i(A»;y and Munllili/ 
Beview, the precursor of the .V. .,1. Reviea, to 
which he was a liberal contributor. 

Qardiner, Svlvestkr, physician, b. 
Kingston, R.I., in 1707; d. Newport, Aug. 8, 
1786. Having studied medicine in London 
and Paris, he engaged in practice at Boston, 
where be also lectured on anatomy. Acquiring 
a large estate by the ^ale of drugs, he invested 
in the Kennebec purcha,<e, and purchased (or 
himself, and settled, the tract now occupied by 
the city of Ganliner. lie procured emigrants 
from tiermany to cultivate the soil, furnishing 
them annually with the needed supplies. Ho 
contributed liWally to the erection of King's 
Chapel, Boston, of which be was a warden ; 
promoted the introduction of inoculation for 
the small-pox ; printed anil distributed an 
edition of an excellent book of prayers prepared 
by himself; built and endowed a chni-ch nt 
Gardiner, and presented that town with a 
Tttlaable library, which was afterwards scat- 
tered. Notwithstanding bis advanced age, he 
left Boston when it was ivuciiated by the 
British army during the Revolution, taking 
with hiin. of all his great estate, but about 
£400. His lands, about 100,000 acres, were 
conliscated and sold ; but bis heirs, through 
some informality, were reinvested with the 
properly. He returned to Newport in 1785. 
One of his daughters was in. to Col. Browne, 
bro. of the first .Marquis of Sligo ; a younger 
one was the wife of Robert Hallowell,'ond the 
estates of Dr. Gardiner in .\lc. were entailed 
on her infant son, Robert, who look the sur- 
name of his maternal i-ranllaiher. 

Gardner, Charles K., col. U.S.A., b. 
Morris to , N.J.. 1 787 ; d. Wa-hingtou, D.C , 
Not. 1. 1869. EiisigD 6th liif May 3, 1803; 



c«pt. 3d Art July, ISI2 ; brig.-major to Qcn 
Armstrong, Aug. 4, 1812; assist, ailj.-geo. 
Mar. 18, 1813; major 25th Inf June 26, 1813. 
adj.-gcn. Apr. 12, 1814; brcv. lieut.-col. fot 
distiiig. service, Keb. 5, 1815; maj. .td Inf., 
and a<lj.-gcn. div. of the North ; resigned Mar. 
17, 1818. He was in the battles of Clin-stler'i 
Fields, Chippewa, ami Niagara, and at th« 
siege and delenco of Fort Erie. In 1 822-3 he 
edited the AVio Yuih Pulnul, Author of a 
" Compend of Inf. Tactics." N.Y. 1819 ; " Dic- 
tionary of the Army of the U.S.," N.Y. 18.53, 2d 
ed. 1860. Senior assist, postmiister-gen. Sept. 
11, 1829; auditor of the treasury, Julv, 1K')6, 
to March, 1841 ; postmaster at Washington 
City, March, 1845, to July, 1S49; surveyor- 
gen, of Oregon 1849-53, and afterward in tha 
trens. deparimeut at Wasbinttion uniil 1867. 
Father of the rebel Gen. Franklin Gardner, 
who surrendered Port Hudson 9 July, 1863. 

Oardner, John L.vsk, brev. ' brig.-gcn. 
U.S.A., U. Ms. ; d. Wilmington, Del , Feb. 19, 
1869. Son of Col. Rolnri. A pp. lieut. of inf. 
May 20, 1813 ; wounded in attack on La Cole 
Mill, Mar. 30, 1814; aide-decamp to Gen. 
Smith, 1814 ; capt. Nov. I, 1823 ; disiing. in 
battle of Wahoo Swamp, Nov. 21, I8.'J6; maj. 
4th Art. Oct. 13, 1845 ; com. his regt. in Mexi- 
co in 1847; brev. lieut.-col. for the battle of 
Cerro Gordo, Apr. 18, 1847 ; brcv. col. for bat- 
tle of Conircras, Aug. 20, 1847 ; lieut.-col. Ist 
Art. Aug. 3, 1852 ; col. 2d Art. July 23, 1861 J 
retired Nov. 1, 1861 ; brev. brig.-gcn. for long 
and faithful service in the army, 13 Mar. 1865. 
— (/■.oc/i-cr. 

Gardner, Samuel Jackson, editor and 
author, b. Ms 1783; d. at the White iloun- 
tains, N.U., 14 July, 1864. H.U. 1807. He 
praitiscd law in Roxbnry, M'^., many years ; 
some lime ileii. grand master of .Masons in .Ms.; 
removed to Newark, N.J., in I8.'i8, and ediied 
the fMUfi AJi-fiiisrr in 1850-61. Author of 
" Autumn Leaves," a vol of essays. 

Gardner, Col Tuoma» of C.imbridge, b. 
1724; d. July 3, 1775. lie ranked among ibe 
most zealous sons of liljcrty in 1 774-5 ; a mem- 
ber of tlie Prov. Congress and ol ilicroramittee 
of safety ; raised a rcgt. in May, 1775; was 
commissioned col., and was mortally wounded 
at the butilc of Bunker's Hill. 

Gardner, William II., commo. U.S.N., 
b. 1800; d. Pbila. 18 Dec. 1870. Midship- 
man 1814 ; lieut. 1925 ; com. 1841 ; capt. 1855; 
commo. 1863. He loin. the trigatc " Colom- 
do " in 1855, the Marc Island station in 1861, 
and was an officer of much merit. 

Garesobo (:;iir'.I-sha'), JfLics P.. col. and 
chief of staff of Gen. Rosccrans, b. Culia, of 
Amer. parents, 1821 ; killed at Stone River, 
Dec. 31, 1862. West Point, 1841; A.M. of 
Georgel. Coll., DC, 1842. 2d lieut. 4tb Art. 
July, 1841 ; 1st lieut. June, 1846; A. A. G., rank 
cant,, Nov. 9, 1855 ; major 3 Aug. 1861 ; lieut.- 
col. 17 July, 1962. He .served in the Mexican 
war, and. previously to joining Rosccrans, de- 
clined a commission of brig.-gcn. One of the 
founders of the So<-icty of St. Vincent de Paul 
in Washington. 

Qeirfleld, James Adram, soldierand M.C., 
b. <_lranL'e. Ciivahoga Co., . Nov. 19, 1831. 
Wms. Coll. 1856. At first a day-Uborer, he 



GA.R 



353 



GAJR 



was afterward a driver, and then Iiontman, on 
t!icPa. and 0. Canal. In 18+9 lie attended an 
Read., and taught a district schix)! in the fol- 
lowins; winter. Ho was in 18.i6 made teaclier 
of l,in;^uaj;cs in the Eclectic Institute at Hi- 
ram, O. The next year he liecamc pies, of that 
institution, which o(Ii;:e he held until 1S6I. In 

1859 he was elected to the senate of ()., and in 

1860 was adm. to the har. lu the auiuinn of 

1861 he was made col. 42d Ohio vols., and 
was sent to Eastern Ky., where, with Ims own 
and the 40th Ohio ref;t , he defeated Ilumplircv 
Marshall ; made brifr.-een. vols. Jan. II, 1862, 
fhe date of his victory at Prestonburg. In' 
March, 1862, he attacked the enemy at Found 
Gap. destroying their eamp, ami inflicting se- 
vere loss upon them. He coin, the 20rh hrigade 
at the liatileof Shiloh.and soon after made chief 
of stalf to Gen. Rosecrans ; app. maj.-gcn. " for 
gallant and meritorious services in the battle 
of Chickamauga, Ga.," from Sept. 19, 1863; 
resigned Dec. 5, 1863. In Oct. 1862, he was 
elected to Congress from the I9th district, which 
he still represents. 

Garland, Hcgh A.,lawvcr, b. Nelson Co., 
Va., June I, 1805 ; d. St. Lo"uis, Oct 14, 1854. 
Hamp. Sid. Coll. 1823. Grandson of Gen. John 
Garland. He was prof of Gr^ek in H. S. Coll. 
in 182.5-30. In 1831 he commenced the prac- 
tice of law at the county seat of Mecklenburg, 
where he soon became a noted lawyer and pol- 
itician. He was 5 years a member of the Va. 
legisl. ; was clerk of the H. of representatives at 
Washington; and in 1841, having acquired a 
competence by his profession, retired lo his farm 
near Petersburg, engaged in business, was un- 
successful, and was reduced to poverty. At the 
age of 40, he removed to St. Louis and recom- 
menced practice, attaining eminence. Author 
of " Life of John Randolph," N Y. 1850; •• Life 
of Jefferson." His son, Hcgh A., Jun., a laiv- 
yer of St. Louis, col. of a rebel regt., was 
killed in one of the battles between Hood and 
Thomas in Tenn. in 1864. 

Oarland, Gkn. John, b. Va. 1792; d. 
N.Y. Citv, June 5, 1851. Lieut, of inf. Mar. 
31,1813; c apt. May, 1817; major 1st Inf. Oct. 
30, 1836; licut.-col. 4tli Inf. Nov. 27, 1839; 
col. 8th Inf. May 7, 1849 ; disiing. under Col. 
Worth in Florida war; brev. lieut.-iol. " for 
gallant conduct in battles of P.do Alto and 
Kesaca de la Palma," .May 9, 1846; com. a 
brigade at Monterey, and ihrouuh Scott's cam- 
paign in Mexico, from May, 1846, to Oct. 1347; 
brev. brig.-gen. " for battles of Contreras and 
Churubusco," Aug. 20, 1847 ; di.sting. in storm- 
ing El Molino del Rey ; disting. and severely 
wounded in capture of Mexico City. — Gurd- 

Garland, Robert R., gen. C S.A. ; killed 
at the battle of South Mountain, Md., Sept. 14, 
1862. App. from .Mo. 2d lieut. 7th inf. Dec. 
30, 1847 ; became 1st lieut. March, 1855, and 
capt. in I860; dropped from the army-rolls 
May 23, 1861, and was app. a brig.-gen. in the 
Confed. army. 

Gairneaux, Francis Xavier, b. Quebec, 
1809. Author of " Histoire du Canada," 3 
vols. 1832; " Vovage en Angleterrc et en 
Frince dans les aniie^s 1831-3." D. 5 Feb. 1866. 

Garnett, James Mercer, educator and 



agriculturist, b. Elmwood,Va., JuneS,1770 ; d. 
there May, 1843. He received excellent train- 
ing fiotn his parents ; served at various periods 
in the legisl. i>f his State ; was M. C. in 1805- 
9; and was also a member of the convention 
of 1829 to revise the State constitution. Ho 
acted with the Democ. party, and engaged in 
a controversy with Matthew Carey, the protec- 
tionist. For more than 20 years, he presided 
over the Agric. Society of Fredericksburg, de- 
livered many addresses, and contrib. liberally 
to agric. journals. 

Garnett, Richard Brooke, brig.-gen. 
C.S.A., b. Va. 1819; killed at Gettvsburg, 
Julv 3. 1863. West Point, 1841. 2d lieut. 6th 
Inf 1841; served in the Florida war in I84I-2; 
aide-de-camp to Gen. Brooke from 1 846 to 
1851; capt. .May 9, 1835; resigned 17 May, 
1861. Entering' the Confed. service in 1861, 
he participated in most of the battles in Va. ; 
was a col. under Pegram and Floyd in West- 
ern Va., but soon after joined Lee's army, and 
was made brig -gen. 

Garnett, Robert Selden, gen. in the ser- 
vice of Va , b. EIniwood, Va., 1820; killed in 
the battle of Carrick's Ford, July 14, 1861. 
West Point, 1841. Entering the 4th Art., he 
was assist, instructor in inf tactics at West 
Point, 1843-4 ; disting. himself in the battles of 
Palo Alto and Rcsaca de la Palma ; became 
1st lieut. in Aug. 1846 ; was aide to Gen. Tay- 
lor from June, 1846, to Jan. 1849; was brev. 
ca|)t. for gallantry at Monterey, and maj. for 
gallantry at Buena Vista; capt. March. 1851 ; 
corn, of cadets, and instructor in inf tactics at 
West Point, from Xov. 1852 to July, 1854 ; 
maj. 9th Inf. March 27, 1855 ; disting. himself 
in operations asrainst the Indians in Washing- 
ton Terr, in 1856-8 : visited Europe on ac- 
count of ill health in I860, but returned, and 
resigned his commission, April 30, 1861. He 
was app. adj. -gen. of the Army of Va., and 
com. of the Confed. forces in the western part 
of the State. Having been defeated at Rich 
Mountain, and a part of his force under Col. 
Pegram surrounded, he was attempting to es- 
cape with the remainder, when his tbrces were 
routed, and he was killed. 

Garrard, Col. Ja.wes, gov. of Kv. 1796- 
1804, b. Statford Co., Va., Jan. 14, 1749; d. 
Mt. Lebanon, Bourbon Co., Ky., Jan. 19, 
1822. He was an officer of the Revol., after- 
wards a member of the legisl. of Va., where he 
contrib. to pi-ocure the passage of the relii^ious 
freedom bill, and was one of the first settlers 
of Ky. In 1782 he settled near Paris, Bour- 
bon Co., and was often in the Ky. legisl. Col. 
TuEOPiiit.ns T. Garrard, his son, was the 
hero of the battle of " Wild Cat," in 1802. 
Another son. Gen. .James, d. Bourbon Co., 
Ky., Sept. I, 1838, a. ab. 64; many years a 
member of the Ky. legisl. ; an officer in the 
militia in the war of 1812, and a disting. agri- 
culturist. 

Garrard, Kenner, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., 
I). Ky. 18!0 West Point, 1851. Capt. 2d 
cav. 27 Feb. 1861, and made prisoner by the 
rebels at San Antonio, Texas, when the war 
broke out ; exchauited 27 Aug. 1862 ; com. iho 
146th N.Y. regt. at Fredericksburg and Chan- 
cellorsville, and, for gallantry at Gcttys'iurjj, 



G-A.R 



354 



GAT 



was iDinle brig. -gen. July S3, 1863 ; in the bat- 
tles of Riipiuthiinnnck Station and Mine River ; 
coin, the iil ciiv. diviitiun, Army o( the Cum- 
iK'rland, in the Atlanta campai;;n ; was in Nov. 
lSu4 rts^i;;lle^l to the 2il iliv. 16th coi-ps, which 
lie com. in the hattlo of NashvilK-, anil for his 
ftficiency ami (^iillantry in that hatile, Dec. 15- 
16, was brev. raaj.-^n. ; eni;;n;;cd in the Mobile 
rainpai:;n, and sjiecially disting. in assault on 
Fort Blnkelv, 9 Apr. 1865; maj. 3d cav. 2 
Nov. 18l>3 ; hrvv. col. U.S.A. 22 Jnly, 1864, for 
cxpcd. to Covinjjion, Ga. ; brev. inaj.-gen. 
U.S.A. 13 Mar. 186.i, for scrvires in the Kebcl- 
lion ; resii^ned 9 Nov. 1,''66. — Culliim. 

Garrett, Thom.vs, philantln-opist, of Qua- 
ker paivnia'.;e, b. Darhv, Del. Co., I'a., 21 Aiijj- 
17S3 ; d. Wilmiujiton' Del., al>. 20 Jan. 1871. 
Bred a scythe and edjjfe-tool maker, he acquired 
a competency, and in 1820 settled in Wilming- 
lon. He became an aboliiioni-st ab. 1807, 
thronirh tlie kidnapping of a colored woman 
from his tailier's family ; and thenceforward as- 
sisieil all fuj^itivcs who applied to him on their 
way to freedom. May, 1848, in a suit brought 
against him by the owners of some slaves whom 
he had aided lo escape, he was convicted ; and 
the damages awarded swept away every dollar 
of his property. Commencing business anew 
in his 65th year, he amassed a competenct!. lie 
lived to be honored in the community by whiih 
he had formerly been execrated, and to see his 
hopes for universal freedom realized. 

Garrison, William Llovd, lender of the 
cmanci|iiiionisi movement in the U.S., b. 
Ncwbiiryport, Ms., 12 Dec. 1804. Appren- 
ticed to a .-lioemaker, ami afterwanl to a cabi- 
net-maker : lie preferred the printer's trade, 
whi'.-h lie learned in the offi.-e of the Xewliiiri/- 
poit Ileniht. He also conlril). to its columns 
and to those of the Siihm liaztllf, in which lie 
manifested bis sympathy in the struggle of the 
Greeks for fiieedom. In 1826 he established 
the Free Press at Xewburyporl, soon di.-con- 
tinued. In 1S27 lie edited the XcUioiml Phi- 
laiilhroplsl in Boston, the first journal to advo- 
cate total abstinence. In 1828 be started 
at Bennington, Vt., the S/iiril of' the Times, 
advocating tem|)erance, peace, abolition, and 
the election of J. Q. Adams to the presidency. 
Towards the close of 1829, he Iwcaine assistant 
editor of Lundy'.s Genius of Unirrrsal Emanci- 
pation at Baltimore : previously the advocate 
of gradual abolition, Unrrison made it at once 
the organ of the doctrine of immediate eman- 
cipation. For denouncing as '• domestic pira- 
cy " the taking of a cargo of slaxes from B.il- 
timore to La., he was lined, and imprisoned 49 
days, and until Arthur Taiipan paid the fine. 
After delivering a scries of lectures on slavery 
in the principal cities, he established in Bosioii, 
1 Jan. 1831, the Li'iernlur, a weekly, of the 
most deciile<l and uncompromising antislavery 
views, di'.'Ontinued in Dec. 1865, the object 
for which it was established having been fully 
accompli'hc'l. His denuiiciaiions of slavery 
and slaveholders cscited intense exasperation 
at the South. The Ga. legisl. otR'red a reward 
of 55,000 for his arrest and ctuiviction under 
the laws of that State, which gre-atly increa.sed 
hi- notoriety and the nninlK-r of his followers. 
lu the spring of 1832 bo pub. " Thoughts on 



African Coloniiation," in opposition to that 
scheme, lie soon after visited Kng., where he 
was warmly received by Wilbcrlorce, Broug- 
ham, anil their iis.sociates. While attending 
an antislavery meeting in Bonton, 21 OcL 
18.'i.'), he was seized by a mob of "gentlemen 
of property and standing," from whose violence 
be was only saveil by being lockdl up in jail, 
and on the lollowing day was convcyeil by the 
city authorities to a plivc of safety iti the conn- 
try. Founder of the Amer. Antislavery Societv 
I Jan. 1832, and its pre's. 184.3-65. 'Founder 
in 18-38 of the N. K. Nomesisiancc Society. In 
■ 1840 he attended the World's Antislavery Con- 
vention in Lond., but refused to take his seat 
because the female debsrotes from the U. S. 
were excluded. After long and arduous labor, 
Mr. Garrison has liveil to see his hope of einiin- 
cipation realizetl, though not, as he hopcti, br 
moral suasion alone, and without blonilsliid. 
His friends raised and presented to him 'n Mar. 
1868, as a national testimonial for his anluous 
laUirs in the cause of antislavery, ab. (30,000. 
A vol. of his " Sonnets and other Poems " was 
piih. in 184-3 ; " Selections from his Writings 
and Speeches," 12mo. 1852. — Sit J/u. .iloat'i 
Mm nt' O'tr Timrs, 1868. 

Garth, Gkokok, a Rrit. gen.; d. 1819. 
Sou ot John. .M. 1'. for Devizes, and bro. of 
Gen. Thomas. He entered the first Fnot 
Guards in Sept. 1755; was made brev. vo\. 
Feb. 19, 1779; inaj.-gcn. Nov. 20, 17S2; gen. 
1801 ; afterwanis gov. of I'lai-eiiiia; a brig.- 
gen. in Aiiier. durini; the lievol. war. In July, 
1779, he was second in coin, of Tryon's cs|h-(1. 
which plunderul and desiioyed Fairfield and 
Norwaik. Ct . and served under Clinton in the 
c.xpcil. against Charleston in 1780. 

Gartland, Fkancis X., fir-t H C. bishop 

of Savannah ; consec. Nov. 10, 1S50 ; d. Sept. 
20, 1854. 

Gaston, William. LL.U. (U of Pa. 
1819), statesman and jurist, 1>. Xewbern, N C, 
Sept. 19, 1778; d'. Kalcigh, Jan. 23, 1844. 
N.J. Coll. 1796. His lather. Dr. Alexander, 
of Huguenot ancc^Iry, and an anient Whig, 
having been shot by Tories .\ug. 20, 1 7^*1, 
his early ediication was conducted by his moth- 
er. Ailin. to the bar in 17'J^. he attaiiiol tlio 
head ol his profession in the State. In 1799 
ho was elected to the Suite senate from Craven 
Co.: in 1808 to the 11. of delegates, overwhi.h 
he was chosen to preside ; and M.C. Iioin 1813 
to 1817, where he ranked with Lownilcs, It.in- 
dolph, Calhoun, Clay, and Webster. His 
8|>eeches upon the Loan Bill and the previoii^ 
question present some of the finest displays of 
reasoning and eloquence whi -h our eonntrv 
has furnished. Some of the best statutes of 
N.C.. us well us it'- judicial organixation, arc 
the result of his wixloin. Judge of the Su- 
pre'ine Court id" N.l'. from 18.14 lo his d. He 
us>|stcJ the convention in 1835 in amending 
111" State constitution, nearly all the re'fiirms 
in which he is said to have sugm-stc<l and elab- 
orated ; spoke and voted against the prupo 
siiion to deprive fire colored men of the right 
of suffrage, which at that time they possesscil ; 
anil was tendcre'd, but declined, the U.S. »cn»- 
torship in 1810 

Gates, lloitATio, maj.-gcn., b. at Maiden 



GATC 



355 



GAY 



in Essex, Eno;., in 1723; d. NT. Apr. 10, 
ISOS, Son ot a clergyman, and godson of 
n. Walpolc. At an early ajre he entered tlie 
army ; rose rapidly to the rank of miij ; and in 
1755 was stationed at Halifax; Imt, joining 
Brnddock's unfortunate cxped. in the latter 
year, he was shot through the body, and for a 
long time disabled. He recovered, liowever, in 
season to join his regt. in the exped. against 
Martinico in Jan. 1762, in which he was aide 
to the com.-in-chief Moiickton, and rendered ef- 
ficient service, establishing his reputation as a 
brave and prudent officer. Miij. 60th Royal 
Americans, Oct. 27, 1764. After the peace, 
he purchased a fine estate in Berkeley Co., Va., 
and devoted himself successfully to agricultu- 
ral pursuits. At the commencement of the 
Revol. war, he tendered his services to Con- 
gress, who in July, 1775, app. him adj.-gen. 
with the rank of brigadier; and in the following 
Juno, having in May been made raaj.-gen., re- 
ceived the chief com. of the army, which had 
just retreated from Canada. His first step, 
the withdrawal of the entire American force 
from Crown Point, was severely censured by 
many, and considered highly injudicious by 
Washington, as it opened to the enemy the un- 
disputed navigation of Lake Champlain. A 
few months after. Gates again joined the com.- 
in-chief; and the northern army was assigned 
to Sclmyler. He continued with Washington 
until Mar 1777, when he resumed his command 
on the northern frontier, where he was super- 
seded by Scliuyler in May, but was reinstated 
Aug. 4." It was fortunate for Gen. Gates that 
the retreat from Ticonderoga had been con- 
ducted under other auspices than his, and that 
he took the command when the indefatigable 
but unrequited labors of Schuyler, and the 
courage of Stark and his mountaineers, had 
already insured the ultimate defeat of Bur- 
goyne, who, notwithstanding his unfavorable 
prospects, would not think of retreat. The 
severe conflict of Sept. 19, and the defeat of 
Oct. 7 at Saratoga, were followed by the sur- 
render of Burgoyne, with his whole force, on 
the 16lh, perhaps, in its consequences, the most 
important achievement of the whole war. Con- 
gress passed a vote of thanks to Gen. Gates and 
his army, and also voted a gold medal for him, 
with suitable inscriptions. His glory was soon 
obscured by the intrigues then progressing for 
elevating him to the station occupied by Wash- 
ington. Nov. 27, 1777, he was made jires. of 
the new board of war and ordnance, and Oct. 
22, 1778, com. of Eastern Dept. In June, 
1780, he received the chief com. of the south- 
ern districts. After collecting 3,600 troops, 
piincipally militia, he advanced against Corn- 
wallis, whom he met Aug. 16 at Camden, and 
was totally defeated. This battle terminated 
the military career of Gen. Gates, whose sin- 
gular fortune it was to conduct the most pros- 
perous and the most disastrous of the military 
enterprises in this war. He was reiuoved 
from com. and suspended from service until 
inquiry should be had as to his conduct. He 
retired to his farm in Berkeley Co., and, 
altera long and tedious inquiry, he was finally 
acquitted, and reinstated in his com. in 1782. 
When peace was made, he retired to his Va 



estate, and in 1790 removed to N.Y., having 
first emancipated all his slaves, and provided 
for such of them as could not provide tor them- 
selves. He was then presented with the free- 
dom of the city, and in 1800 was elected to the 
State legisl., but did not serve. 

Gates, William, brev. brig.-gen, U.S.A., 
b. Ms. 1788 ; d. N.Y. Oct. 7, 1868. West 
Point, 1806. Son of Capt. Lemuel, Revol. of- 
ficer of Ms., who d. Oct. 1, 1806. Capt. 1st 
Art. 3 Mar. 1813; raaj. 1st Art. May .30, 
I8.'i2; lieut.-col. 3d Art. Dec. 17, 1836; col. 
Oct. 13,1845; military gov. of Tampico, Mex., 
Oct. 1846 to June, 184"8; brev. brig.-gen. U.S. 
A. 13 Mar. 1865. He was at the capture of 
York, Canada, and in the bombardment of 
Fort George ; was stationed at Fort Moultrie 
during the nullification troubles in 1832; took 
an active part in all the Indian wars ; personal- 
ly tool; ()^cL■ola prisoner; escorted the Chero- 
kecs to the Indian country; com. the 3d Art. 
in the Mexican war ; and had been 62 years in 
service. His son Collinsos Reed, disting. 
in the Florida and Mexican wars, d. Fredericks- 
burg, Texas, June 28, 1849, a. 33. West 
Point, 1836. 

Gay, Ebenezer, D.D., clergyman, b< 
Dedham, Ms., Aug. 26, 1696; d. March 18, 
1787. H.U. 1714. He was settled over the 
church at Hingham, Ms., June 11, 1718, to 
which he ministered 69 years and 9 months. 
On his 85th birthday he preached a sermon 
from the text, " Lo, I am this day fourscore 
and five years old," which, under the title of 
" The Old Man's Calendar," has been frequent- 
ly repub. in America, went through several 
editions in Eng., and was translated into one 
or two of the languages ot Continental Eu- 
rope. Many of his sermons were pub., and 
had, in their day, a high repute. He was a 
man of great learning and wit. Liberal in 
theology. He was a Tory in politics, and suf- 
fered persecutions from his own parishioners 
during the Revol. 

Gay, -Martin, M.D. (H.U. 1826), a dis- 
ting. chemist and physician. Great-grandson 
of Rev. Ebcnezer. B. Boston, 16 Feb. 1803; d. 
there 12 ,Jan. 1850. H.U. 1823. 

Gay, WixCKWORTii Allan, landscape- 
painter, bro. of Martin, b. Hingham, Ms., Aug. 
18, 1821. While young, he became a pupil of 
Weir, prof, of drawing of West Point Acad., 
and subsequently studied 5 years in Europe, 
part of the time under Troyon in Paris. His 
style is that known as the modern French. 
" A scene in the White Mountains," painted 
for the Boston Athenaium, and another, called 
" Near Fontainebleau," well exemplify his 
style. His views of Nantusket Beach and 
rocks have attracted much attention ; and he 
excels in coast-scenery. 

Gayarre (gi'a'-ra'), Charles E. Arthur, 
lawyer and historian, b. N. Orleans, Jan. 3, 
1805. Educated at the Coll. of N. Orleans. 
In 1826 he went to Phila. and studied law; 
was adm. to the bar in 1829; in 1830 was 
elected to the legisl. ; in 1831 was app. dep. 
atty.-gen. ; in 18-33 pres. judge of the City 
Court of N Orleans ; and in 1835 he was elect- 
ed a U.S. senator; but ill health prevented him 
from taking his seat. After visiting Ivurope, 



GAY 



356 



GEN 



W if^r '" '843. he was «ff«i„ ,ent to .he 
Sl« e Icsisl. and fro.i, IS46 to I8..1 w«s see of 
. Siatc. Author of u •■ llUtorv ol U.," 1847. 
IJomanrc of the lli,t.,ry-of U.,- ms' 
''["""-■'n nomination in Ln." 1854 ; '• Hist of 
t-a. (rrenchiloniination), 2 vols. 1854- "la 
Its History as a Freneh Colonv," 1851-2^ « 
dratnutic novel calkM •• The School of l',;ii 
ties, 1854 ; a work on " The Influence of Me- 
ehamcAru; and an address to the people 
Of the State on the late frauds perpetrated at 
tlie election, Nov. 7, 1853. In 18.30 he pub. in 
French •' An Historical Essay on La." '^ 
wayle, Joii.v, jud),'e and statesman b 

biltf. Ala., July 20, 1859. S.C. Coll. He em^ 
.grated to Ala. 1813. In 1817 he was apn a 

?;"t" r^',''?-^"'"- "^''''•: '^"^ solicitor o?'^^),: 
«ir,t judicial dist. on organization of the State 
govt.; m 1823 was elected judge of the S° 
prerae Court; in 1829 was' speaker of the 

te 1*-;";^ ^T i'" "^ •*^^- -^I-C- from 
IT V V ,'• "■'"=" ""^ ''■^^ «PJ>- a JuJge of the 
V.b. U.st. Court of Ala. - Zm„a„. *" 

Wayler, Charles, dramatist, b. New 
York, l«u. He began writing fo^ ,ho ,,Z 

nf M V ^^ ^f" ^-'n^-'t-J «ith the press 
of New York. Ho has written upwards of 40 
successful pieces. Among them are "The 
Gold-Hunters/' a drama ; ^he o,«retta of the 

Fnghtene.! Fiend ; "" Taking the Chances " 
« cotuedy ; " Ualieno Faliei^,"!, tragedv ; and 

Isms, a corned V. 

b ^\vfj' r^'^^p^^ • f •''■" »"'> PolKieian, 
;;. 1 I *^°' ^''- "''• '8-'0. He tau.'h 
school ; b.^ame a merx:lianfs clerk in Pitt h re • 

Z \ f •■ 1 '"!' ""■"='■''' ^''"'■'' '•■"■""•cted with 
the Alleghany l'url,.;,-c kailroad. He was 
l-eut.^ol. of Kol-erts-s re;;,, o. I'a. volfinThe 
Mexican war, and .ommanded his re-t at 
Uiapnltepe.-, where he w«, wouiMled, bn i" 

he Ble;r ,'■"'"• ""■ '■""'■■ ''">■ "' ""•■ ""-" "" 
oi, f V ! '• l""^''°"« I" "ic capture of the 

conduct ?'?h- '•"'■'■'."'I""' "'"i >neri.orio,is 
conduct un that o<casion. he wa,s made lii^st 
eommander of ,he ci.y of Mexico a.te i, ca^' 
ture, aiKl col. of bis net. Kemovin^- ,o San 
Fiancco after the war, he was n.a.le mo! 

r:':r -r '» j-" '849; w„s lz xv 

Ills o"l V/ "'■'; '•'■'■V.'""' "^ first mavor 
f l.„ ■ vv '^'"''"^^•' '" •'•«•. «nd settle.1 on" his 
fn M '" ,^^'^;*''"°T'""'" Co. From Julv, 1856 

then returned to Pa., and earlv in ISGl raised 
«".l equipped .he 2Srh Pa. Vols. ; com! In 
isfi'i '-""-■""Vr '"K'>;;'--ment3 in the fall of 
1861 occupied L.esh.iru., V«..i„ March. 1862; 
became bri-..;reii. ol vols. April 23 1862- was 
soverelv wounded in the arm at the "ittleT ' 
Cedar Muuiita.,.; |„| ,hc jj division of tlo 

ind GeV.v'r ^^'^ r'^S^"-;"^- Chanc-llorsvide! 
*"'',.^.*".^ '*'""!?. I'"-. July 2, 1863; com. the 
2d division 20rb c„r,,s in-Slierma„"'s GT^,rgia 
and S.C. eamp«,;;ns; npp. military ^ov. of 
Savannah on it, capture, 22 Dee. 1864 ; gov 
01 rn. since 1867. * 

Geddea, Jons, gov. of S.C. I818-'0- 

Tr \ul '"^ '..!'»'""' P'' ""P- ■■ ^ Charleston,' 
OC., Mar. 5, 1828, a ab. 55. 



Gee, Jos.iiA. minister of the " Old North ' 
Church, Boston, Irom Dec. 18. 1723 to I 'd 

reaso. i. iJ ~ "' " {"^'"^^"■""'"g mind, strong 

n? " -I P"""'' ""•' 'on-i'lerable leaminiT 

assembly ofmil'.f^ wiro^me'tTnTos't':;;!'.',; 

gr^of,x.l,..,on in this country. He pub.^ 
hif » 'Vr '° '^'*"''- ^''"' moderator of 
ther?ri 1 'i^' '=°.""""i"B "-me remarks on 
Ihe Tanir '""«""'/ "gainst disorders in 

';^- • ',. '';^f«-a-\-a". Ha.vti, 19 Sept. 
ISUb. Hh faiher was one 6f Dessaline'i 

llkvtTnV""'' '''''•'^'' '*""'•" '■" (-".ming the 
Hawicn Consi.tution. Entering the army at 

ge'n r.8l5"' •r""«.<^<'«"™"i V-ameTu"! 

tict' 1^, . • "'"'■ ''""."-• '•'"""•"■ l-y military 

t« t a, d h..,„«„„v, i„ the contesl between 
he blacks an.l miila.toes of ||„vti, he took 
he par, of the latter, thou.-h liin,\..IfaV.y^ 

In the campaign of 18.-.6 lie pariiculailv distil' 

adr!:vt:;i:::;^'Zi^;:i;r-'^-''^ 

Ujearmy^ gained ^r'i!;!X;:;vn,r;;^ 

:fo^:^r':^iiS::r;jr''^^sin^ 

liiniself nres ^l l)e,. Ts^« i, • ■ ."claiming 
nf r„,., 1 .• " V'^*-.'*'^'. nc JoincHl a parly 
of re>olut.un,.,ts. landed at Gonalves Jaii. I 
li^59, and ..oon In^came master of the northern 
par of^ie island. Kn.ering the capital, .la " 

ifni Iv ^.?. ■ T"""'" *"; S""'""'!-'* and his 
laniily„ horn he protected, and sent to King, 
ston Jam,„e«. i he republic was resto.^. 
«nd Gcffiard made pres. He ac once instituted 

nportant reforms some of which met wUh 

^ Mar'''.r-7"- '.'="if<^««^»'<e.npted; and 
in^iar 18b. he alKJicaied. 

Geisinger, Davh,, commo. USX b 

Sid. 1.90; d. Phila. Ma.ch 5, 1860 Mid: 
•shipman 1809; licut IAk-. 9, 1814 ■ com 
n.M.ler .Ma,.h U, .829; and •cnp't'.V,av°2™; 
1 1>38. During the war of 1 8 1 2, he saw inueh 
active service, and was in " The Wasp"' during 
.er bnlliaii, crni,e on the Englislf coa" ^ 
814 .1, winch she cap.nrc.l the sloop •• Rein- 
mml .fT ''• f^"" •" CharlestoS in com- 

nom the late allotted to " The Wasp," whii-h 

was never after beard of ' 

Qenest, or Genet (ihch-na'i, Edmoxd 

!«?«'■';-«? '■"T";*' '".pl^mH-ist. b. Versaille.. 
Jan. 8, i,M; d^J«„„„e„. L. J., July u, 1834. 
At the age of 12 he received a gold medal and 
a fla lering letter from GuMavu, III. for a 
translaiion of the history of Erie XIV. i„,o 
Swedish, with notes by himself. Though 

of Mme. Campan. he was a republican, and 
on his rv-urn (lom a Russian mission, ^as ii, 
lAi. 1.92 sent as amlwssador to the U.S. He 
endeavored to e.xcitc a war with F.ng., and 
even we.lt so far as to fit out privateers from 
Charlcslon to cruise against the vessel, of 
nations then at peace wiili the US., and to 
project hostile ex,K.xlitions against Fla. and U 
>V ashmgion was constrained to ask his recall 
which took place in 1794. Genest remained ii^ 



GrKI^ 



357 



O-EX 



the U.S., WHS naturalized, ami in 1794 m. Cor- 
nelia, ilaii. of Guv. Guornc Clinton. She dying 
in Mar. 1810, he m. a dau. of Samuel Osgood. 
He took a great interest; in promoting im- 
provements in agriculture and the arts and 
scienees. 

Gentry, Rich.vrd, maj.-gen. Mo. militia; 
-jol. of Mo. vols, in Florida war, Oct. 6, 18.37 ; 
distiiig. ai;d killed in battle of Okeechobee, 
l)re. 25, 1837. 

George, Ends, a Methodist bishop, b. Va. 
i:6S; d Aug. 2.3, 1828. His father's family 
reuioved to N C, where he entered the min- 
istry of the Meth. church ; was in 1791 app. to 
a circuit; in 1796 received the app. of presid- 
ing elder, which office he tilled in various locali- 
ties u.itil 1816, when he was made bishop. 

Gerard, Conrad Alexander, LL.D. 
(Y.C. 1779), chevalier, a French diplomatist; 
d. Straiburg, April, 1790. One of the French 
secretaries of State in 1777; as such, arranging 
and signing the treaty between France and the 
U.S., Feb. 6, 1778; app. ambassador to the 
U.S., he arrived at Phila. early in July, 1778, 
and was succeeded bv Luzerne in Sept. 1779. 

Gerhard, W. \V., M.D., b. Phila. 1809. 
Lectiiicr on clinical med. in the U. of Pa. Bro. 
of Beiijauiin, a lawyer of Phila. Author of 
" Clinical Guide," Phila. 8vo ; " Diseases of 
the Chest," 1842, new ed. 8vo, 1854. Edited 
'■ Graves's Clinical Medicine," with notes and 
mlditions, 8vu, Phila. Also contrib. many 
articles to the medical journals. — AlUhone. 

Germaine, Lord George, Viscount Sack- 
villc, an English statesman, b. 26 Jan. 1716; 
<1. 26 Aug. 1785. Third .son of the 1st Duke 
of Dorset. Educated at Westminster and at 
'I'riu. Coll., Dublin, his father beiu;r lord-lient. 
of Ireland. He .served with reputation in the 
army in Germany, attaining the rank of lieut.- 
geii., but was dismissed the service for disob. 
of oiders at the battle of Minden. Entering 
parliament in 1761, he became, in Nov. 1775, 
colonial sec. of State, which post he filled 
throughout the Amer. revol. war. He zealously 
supported all the rigorous measures against 
the Americans, sternly opposed every attempt 
to cITcet a termination of hostilities, and bo- 
came so unpopular, that, during the London 
riots in 1780, bo was obliged to barricade his 
liMUse. His conduct was rash and impolitic, 
but so consonant to the views of the king, that 
he was a great favorite at court. One of the 
su|jposed autliorsof Junius Letters. Made vis- 
count in 1783. 

Gerry, ELnRiDGE,a signer of the Declara- 
tiou of Independence, and vieeprcs. U.S., b. 
Marblehead, Ms., July 17. 1744; d. Washing- 
ton, Nov. 23, 1814. II. U. 1762. Having 
acquired by mercantile jjursuits a com])etency, 
he took an early and active part in the Uevol. 
struggle; in 1772 represented his native town 
in the State legisl., and, although one of the 
Nonngcst members of that body, took a prin- 
cipal part in the debates ; was plaecil on the 
important committee of corrcsp. ; and was an 
efficient member of the committee of safety. 
Placed at the head of a committee for procur- 
ing supplies, he was the lir^t to propose in the 
Prow Congress a law for encouraging the 
fitting-ouc of armed vessels, and establishing a 



Court of Admiralty ; and was chairman of tht 
com. app. for its preparation. On the estab- 
lishment of courts by the province in Nov. 
1775, the lucrative post of maritime judy:e was 
ofJ'ered to Gerry, who declined it. Feb. 9, 1776, 
he took his seat in the Continental Congress, 
in which he continued, with lew intermissions, 
until Sept. 1785. In 1777 he was app one of 
a com. to visit Washington at Valley Forge. 
The report of that com. had a great effect upon 
Congress, and caused more efficient measures 
to be taken for the relief and support of the 
army. Up to the time of the organization of 
the treasury board, in 1780, of which he was 
made presiding officer, he was generally chair- 
man of the com. of the treasury ; and in the 
latter jiart of 1779 was one of the delegates to 
Phila. for the purpose of devising some cor- 
rective for the sad condition of the currency. 
Displeased with the action of Congress in assess- 
ing supplies from the several States, Gerry left 
his seat in Feb. 1780, and returned home, bnt 
resumed his post in 1783, and was one of the 
committee to whom was referred the definitive 
treaty of peace. Chosen a delegate to the 
convention which met at Phila. in 1787 to 
frame the Constitution of the U.S., Gerry was 
one of those who refused to affi.\ their si;,'na- 
tures to the instrument adopted. M.C. 1789- 
93. In 1797 he was sent on a special mission 
to France, accomp. by Gen. Pinckney and Mr. 
Marshall, with the object of preserving peace. 
In Oct. 1798 Gerry returned home, and be- 
came the Dcinoc. candidate for gov., and again 
in 1801, but was not successful until in 1810, 
after a violent contest. The following year he 
Wits re-elected, but in 1812 was defeated. In 
the same year he was chosen vice-pres. of the 
U. S. Member of the Acad, of Arts and 
Sciences. He married Ann, dau. of Charles 
Thomson, sec of Congress, who d. New Haven, 
March 17, 1849, a. 86. — See Menioirs, hi/ James 
T. Austin, Boston, 8vo, 1828. 

Gesner, Abraham, M.D., geologist, b. 
Cornwallis, N.S., 1797 ; d. Halifax, N.S., Apr. 
29, 1864. He studied medicine in Lond., grad- 
uating M.I), in 1827. His father. Col. C. 
Gesner, was a loyalist and a refugee. The 
son early acquired considerable reputation as a 
naturalist, and was ap]). by the Icgisls. of the 
Lower Provinces of IJrit. N.A. to explore and 
report on their geological resources. His chief 
works are " On the Mineralogy and (ieology 
of Nova Scotia;" "On the Industrial Resources 
of Nova Scotia ; " " New Brunswick, with 
Notes for Emigrants," 1847; " Geology of 
New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and P. E. 
Island;" "Fisheries of the Provinces," com- 
pleted just before his deatli ; and " A Prac- 
tical Treatise on Coal. Petroleum, and other 
Di.stilled Oils." Dr. G. was also a distiug. 
chemist, and patented the discovery of kerosene 
oil, obtaineti from a species of bituminous 
a-phaltum, which be was the first to introduce 
inii) n.sc in the U S. 

Getty, (Jeorge W., brev. maj.-gen. 
USA , b. DC. West Point, 1840. Entering 
the 4lh Art., he became 1st lieut. 31 Oct. 1845 ; 
capt. 4 Nov. 1853; lieut.-col. and A.D C. 
28 Sept. 1861 ; brig.-gen. vpls. 25 Sept. 1862 ; 
maj. 5th Art. 1 Aug. 1863; col. 37th Inf. 2g 



GKY 



3.58 



GIB 



July, 1866; brev. capt. 20 Aug 1847, for Con- 
iriTas niul Cliuriibiiwo, Mcx. ; en;.'n;;cd nt 
Mulino del Ri'v, Chii|>iil(e|>cr, and nipian.- <if 
Mexiio, 14 Si'pt. IS4", unit in Seminole lios- 
tililies in VU. 184'J-Sn and I8:ifi-7; com. 4 
biitlcrim nl Yorktotrn. Gaines °ii Mill.nml Mal- 
vern Mill, I July. 18t)2; enpi^'iil at Soulh 
Muuiiliiin, Antiolatii, and Kiederick-ibup,;; 
brev. Ii.iit.-c>d 19 Apr. 1S63, lor services at 
«ic;;c of Suliiilk. Va. ; severely wiuiiiiled and 
lircv. col. 5 May, 1864, for battle of Wiliicr- 
ness; en;;a'.^d in the siege of Pelersburp ; 
action at Ueam'n Station ; Shenandoah cam- 
pni^'n. Au^.-l)ec. 1864; engaged at Opequan, 
Fisher's Hill, and Cedar Creek, and brev. mnj.- 
gen. vols. I Aug. 1864; engaged in the siege 
of Petersburg, and brev. brig.-gen. U..S.A. 13 
Mar. 1865, for its capture; and was in the 
battle of Sailor's Creek, and at surrender of 
Lee at Appomattox, 9 Apr. 1865 ; bri'V. maj.- 
gen. U.S.A. 1.3 .Mar. 1865, for merit, scnices 
during the Hcbellion. — Ciilliim. 

Qeyer, Henry SiiKFFiE, jurist, b. Fred- 
ericktowii, .Md., Dec. 9, 1790; d. St iMuh, 
March 5, 1859. lie began the practice of law 
in his native town in 1811 ; was an oHieerin 
the war of I81'2, after which ho settled in St. 
Louis, then a frontier village. Member of the 
ferr. legisl. of Mo. in 1S18; wasS times elcct'^d 
to the legisl. of the Stale, and was speaker of 
the house in the first three gen. assemblies of 
the State. As one of the revisers of the statutes 
in 1825, he contrih. largely to the adoption 
of a code in Mo. superior to that of any other 
Western State of that time. In 18.50 the post 
of sec. of war was tendired him by I'res. Fill- 
more; but he declined it. In 18.51-7 he was 
U.S. s.nator. Author of " Statutes of Mis- 
souri," 1818. 

Oholson, WiLLi.vM v., jurist, d. Cincin- 
unii, <»., '21 Sept. 1870. Formerly a resident 
of .Nlpi ; many years a successful lawyer in O., 
having few equals in the State ; and was an 
eflf>;etive political speaker .Imlge of the 
Superior Court 1854-9, and of the Supreme 
Court ill 186IV5. Author of" Ohio Digest." 

GibbeS, Houert Wilsox. M.D., physi- 
cian ami author, l>. Columbia, S.C, Julv 8, 
1809; d. there Nov. 15, 1866. S.C. Coll. 
1827. lie studied and practised medicine; was 
at one time assist, prof of chemistry at .S.C. 
Coll.; was twice mavor of Columbia; and was 
prcs. of the S.C. \ledical As.sociation. He 
contrib. largely to medical and scientific jour- 
nals; rcicivcd honorable mention both from 
Humboldt and Audubon ; and his plates on 
paleontology and fossil remains were pub. at 
its own cost by the Smithsonian Institute. He 
wrote and compileil 3 vols, of" The Document- 
ary Hist, of S C." (1764-81), and fr)r several 
years eiliteil the CiJiimlmi Sunlli CnnJiniim. .\t 
the hurnini: of Columbia in 186.5, his fine man- 
sion, with its valuable coll. of paintings, fossil 
remains, and geol. s|>eciniens, f.'ll a pr>-v to the 
flames. He pub. " Slemoirof ,Ias. De\ eaux." 
1845 ; " Sketch of Chas. Kramer the Artist ; " a 
" Memoir on .Mososaurus." &c..4to, 1850. In 
1842 be pub. in Awr. Mmmal of' Mrtl. Sri.mr 
an article on I'ncuin'"iia, which revoluli mizei) 
Its irentment by on»)sing the use of the lancet. 

Gibbon, iJoiis, brev. innj.-gen. U.S.A., b. 



Pa. 1826. West Point. 1847. F.nteringlhc 3d 
Art , be served in the Mexican war ; become 1st 
lieul. 12 Se]>t. 18.50; assist, in-tr. in art. at 
West Point in 1854-6; capt. Nov. 2, 1859; 
brig.-gcn. of vols. May 2, 1862, and com a 
brigade in King's division of .McDowell's army 
corps. He was highly <-ommende I for good 
conduct in the encasement at (iaiuesTille, Aug. 
28 ; took part in the liattles of South Moun- 
tain, Antietam, Chanccllorsvillc ; ami at Fred- 
ericksburg led a division in Scilgi'wick's corps, 
and was woundwl. He com. the 2d cor]is. and 
was seven-ly wounded at (ietiysbun:. for which 
he was brevetlcd col. 4 .July, 1863. In the 
Richmond campaign, he coin, a division 2d 
corps till Jan. 15. 1865, and sal>sequcnilv of 
the 24lh corp.s, being engaged in battles of the 
Wilderness, Spolt.sylvania, North Anna, To- 
lopoiomy, and Col'il llarlior, and operations 
about Petersburg, June, 1864, to Apr. 1865; 
majgen. vols. 7 June, 1864; brev. brig.-gen. 
U.S.A. 12 Mar. 1865, for Sputt«ylvania, and 
maj.-gen. for the capture of Petersburg, Va. ; 
col. 36ih Inf 28 July, 1866. He pub. "The 
AniMcrisl's Manual,'' N.Y. 1859. 

Gibbons, Ge.v. Edward, b. Eng. ; d. Bos- 
ton. Dec. 9. 1654. H>. came to Amer M. 1629, 
was a merchant of Bfiston. a rvpiesentaiive in 
1638-47, maj.-gen. 1649-51, assist. 16.50-51, 
and copt. of the A. ami H. Art. company. He 
advanceil more than 2,.5tiO pounds to La Tour, 
secun-d by morigiige of his fort and lamls in 
Acadia, which he lost on its capture by D'.\u- 
bray. In 1643 he was one of the N. E. coni- 
inissioncrs who fomK.il a confcdcnuion, which 
met annually for many years to consult for the 
common (H-ace ami prosperity. 

Gibbs, Alfred, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., 
b. X.V. April 23, 1823; d. Fort I>-avenworth, 
Ks., IXc. 26, 1868. West P..int. 1846. En- 
tering the mounted rifles, he earned the brevets 
of lieul. and captain for gallantry at Ccrro 
Gonio, Contrer.is. and Helen Gate; next scrve<l 
in Cat. on the siaflf of Gen. P. F. Smith, and, 
in com. of a deiachmcnt. greatly distinsuishe.1 
himself in conflict with ihc iliinbrrs Apaches, 
in which he was iiO^•e^clv woumlcd Man-h 9, 
1857. Capt. .3d cav. .May 13. 1861 ; maj. 7th 
cav. 28 July, 1866; bri:;.-gen. vols. 19 Oct. 
1864. When the Ileliellion broke out, he was 
serving in Texas, and was taken prisoner. 
Exchanged in Aug. 1862. he took c^om of the 
130th N.Y. vols., and served under Sheridan in 
the latter part of the war, participating in all 
the twttles of the Army of the Potomac. Com. 
cav. resi-rve hrinade ; brev. major for battle of 
Trevillian Station. 1 1 June. 1864 ; lieut.-col. for 
Winchester, 19 Sept. 1864 ; col. for Five Forks, 
13 Mar. 1865; maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865. — 
C„ll,„„. 

Gibbs, Georoe. grandson of Oliver Wol- 
cott, b. Newtown. LI . 8 July. 1817. Has 
pub. ■■ Memoirs of the Administration of Wash- 
ington and .John Adams," edilml fnun the 
paiicrs of Wolcolt, 2 vols. 8vo, 1846 ; " Tli.. 
Judicial Chmniclc," Camb., 8vo, 1834. — .1 

lihonr. 

Gibbs, JosiAii Willard, LL.D. (N.J. 

Coll 18.53). philolo-gist, h Salem. Ms . A))r. .30, 
1791); d. N. Haven, March 25, 1861. V. Coll. 
1809. Tutor there Irom 1811 to 1815, and. 



orB 



359 



GIB 



f , 1 50 1 ,,, h\i d prof, of sncied literature. 
lX^ '^ Y. Ciil. 1824-43. Ue pub a 
tra sai." of Storrs's " E.say on the ll;-t. 
Son °e of the New Te.t.," 1817 ""d of Ge.e- 
nius' '• llel.row Lexicon of the O J Testa- 
ment,- 18.4; "Manual Hebrew and En^^ sh 
Lexicon, - abrlcli^ed from Gesomu,, S28 , 
"n;dol.;,'ical Studio.." 1837; " L'U-n Analj^ 
185S; " Teutonic Et.vnu.ug^-,^8bO. AuUO 
of several sections of 1 rot. w. o. «^""'^' 
work 1 the En^'lish lan-ua^ie, and contnb to 
:^iocu"al. nun,erous in.portant P^^^P- -^ij 
ics ot philolo-y and criticism. — C6. Hec. xaie, 

'^Gibbs, Sir Samuel, K.C.B aBrit^mai.- 
Se^rkTilcd at the battle o N. Orleans, Jan^ 8. 
181.5 App. ensi-ii lO^d Foot, Oct. l.i^J, 
itulcorloth ^A^ I. re,t- 180^ brev. eoK 
Julv, 1810; uiaj.-^-en. June 1813. He was 
maSe prisoner at Ostend in 1 798 ; com. ll.e 1 Uh 
re-t. at the attack of St. Mf «'"%'.","'". ^,^,1. 
a^^ainst the Uani>h and Swedish isl mds , 
seived at .lie capture of Cape- of Good Hope^ 
1796 com. a bri;:ade iu Travaneore and in 
1 e Ui' d, to Java: and, as second in com., ae- 
com,^ Sir E. P.ckenham to N.Orleans in 
Uce 1814. — Pliililiait. - 

.^^^:^^:^^^^-^- 

o?^f^r'^"^rf!=-l:orT^^^: 

Aftor r c.iviu.' an academical education, he 
4 c-.^d a 1 ■er.;i.ntile house in Phi a., and made 
"elal voya.es to the ^V. In^es as super- 
oar.'O On the breaking-out ot the l>c\ol., nc 
j::i;:iacompanyof.Oom.natlortP,tt^arul 
wi'! ai)i). a captain in one of the state ie„is. 
His me, known in the army as "Gibson s 
a lbs "were distinR. for individual bravery 
an ndependence. ami. bcin« all sharpshooters 
d',diood' service in repelhng Eor, Dunmo 
attick on Hampton, Oct. -Jd, l-.o. 1" ouier 
u obtai". a supply of gunpowder, then alarm- 
i„..W scarce, l.C undertook a jonrne.N to N. 
Orleans ; descended the river with 2o picked 
men of his corps, with a earRO ot flour, os te ■ 
BiMv as a trader, and, after various encounte s 
will, hostile Indians, succeeded in accomplish- 

battles until the close of theeampai-n ot 1.-8- 
Alt ' tl" war. he retired to his farm lU Cum- 
Wland Co.,'and Held the "ffi- o. coim.y 
lieiit until, in 1791, lie was offered by Wasli 
r ton the com. of one of the re;:ts. then rais- 
r,Tr St Clair's exped. In the disastrous 
lu.leof the Miami, k'ov. 4, 1791 he received 
a mortid wound at the close of the action. - 

''' Oihson Ges. George, son of Col. 
GlDSOn, ui.. ^^, , i PC., Sept. 

a^'i'^M .Kp:i.t-^'''i"f"''>Ai,r/ 

'• -,i, T ,1- Nov 9 1811 ; lieut.-col. 5th Inf 

:;;;ri5!'i8;3,'r?:i-ved,hrou.hthow^of 

181i-15; quartermastcr--eu Apul ^9, 181b, 
issil-ncd to Jackson's division; ™"■n'•-^^;■ 
pen Aiiril 18, 1818; brev. bn- -^en. Apr. 29, 
I82b brev n^ai.-;;en. for meritorious conduct 
In the Mex. wir.^May 30, .848. He admin- 



istered the commissary department over 40 
\eir« to the entire satisfaction of the army. 
■ Gibson, Col. J.vmes. merdiant of lioston, 
b. LiMid. ah! 1700 ; d. ab. 1752. Entering the 
British aruiv, lie served at Barbadoes, where, 
Oct 30 1730, he became possessed, by niarriagc, 
of a lar^e plantation in Jamaica; soon alter 
retired fr''om the service, and settled as a mer- 
chant in Boston. He aceomp. the Lonishurg 
exped. in 1745 as a •■ f;ciitlemnu volunteer, 
and superintended the removal of the pr.som-is 
to France. In 1748 parliament voted him .t.i-!, 
15s. to le-imburse him lor expense mcurivd 
bv him ; but it was u'ver paid K'^"'"""^' '° 
Boston, he embarked in the W India trade, 
and d. while on a visit there. He pub An 
Aoount of the Louisburg Exped., Lond. 
1745 which was repiib. in Bo.-ton in 184- by 
a descendant, L. U. Johnson, under the title 
of " A Boston Merchant of 1745." 

Gibson, Col. J.vmes, b. S. Milford, Sus- 
sex Co., Del.; d. Sept. 18, 1814, ot a wound 
received in Brown's sortie from 1-ort Erie 
Sept. 17. West Point, 1808. Capt. 2 May. 
1810; assisL inspect.-gen. Aprd 2 181 J, 
ins,«;e.or.gen. (r.ank ofcol) July 13, 1813 ; and 
col. 4th Pvilles. Feb, 21, 1814 Par^.-ipated n 
the attack on Queenstown Heights U G., M 
Oct. 1812 : and iu the campaign on theNiagaia 

^'Gibson, Gen. John, bro of Col. George a 
Revul. odieer, b. Lancaster, Pa.. May 2.3 1-40 
d Braddock's Field, near Viiiccnncs, Apr. 10, 
18->.i After receivimra classical education, he 
ioimxl, at the age of 18. Gen. Forbes's exped 
which took Fort Du Quesne (Pittsburg). 
Settling at Fort Pitt as an Indian trader at 
the peace, he was soon after taken prisoner by 
the Indians, and was preserved from toe llumes 
in which his unfortunate companions perishea. 
by an aged squaw, who adopted him m p ace 
of her son, who had been kii ed in bati e 
Remaining several years with the Indians, he 
became familiar with their language, nuiimers, 
customs, and traditions. At the e.ose ot iios- 
tilities he again settled at Fort Pitt. In 1.-4 
he acted a conspicuous part in Dumnores 
exped. against the Shawnee towns. P^"-'"'"'''' '-^ 
in negotiating the peace which loUowed, and 
restored manv captives to their friends. Un 
die breaking-out of the Kevol.. he was a,,p to 
the com. of a continental regt. ; served with the 
army at New York, and in the retreat through 
Jersey ; but for the rest of the war com on the 
westeVn frontier, a post for which he was 
peculiarly qnalilied. In 1788 he was a inem^ 
ber of the Pa. Const. Conv. ; was subsequently 
a j °dge of the CC.P. of Alleghany Co and 
al a major-gen. of militia. In 1800 he re- 
ceivcd from Pies. Jefferson the app. of see of 
the Territory of Ind.. which othce he held 
until it became a State, and was acting gov. la 

'^Gibson, JmIs Bannister. LL.a. jurist, 
b. Carli-sle, Pa., Nov. 8, 1780; d^Phda May 
3 i8.>3. Dick. Coll. 1800. Son of Col. 
Geor-e. He studied law; was adui. to the 
U, of Cumberland Co. in 1803 ; practised suo 
eessively in (Mrlisle an.l ^•'J^^-^'^'X^'lt^t 
Hagcistovvn, Md. ; was in the '-'-'^'- ' '^ " 
11 fwas in July, 1813, app. judye ot the lltd 



om 



860 



GrL. 



Disi. ; was proiiioied to tlio Simicmp r,...« :„ «• 

Lidmn S,,„.„e,,.. ..,.•„„, Seasons in A^;";:,,'.". 
ter in\^"""'' :.^'"""^ »'»■'""?■'• " A W n. 
nnl " fZ""^"- "■^'"-""' ''/mo.„I.V, .. 
2^, ^-.-f^r """" "" ""= Adiron.lnc.k.*-.''-'- 



■':;",•« ■•'^5^ When , he ;;,;;.„i„c„r';;.." 

Con,nt,.no„ .nndo the j.uliciarv cimivc; an? 

uencn 111 a larirc majoriiv. 

I8.m''n°l,^^"-'-'*-^'' ■*'•"• (U. of KdinI,. 
more 1-.H T ^'"■-^•"",''"<' "'"I"-'-, b. Bal.i- 
e s.:, l' 1 • •*'"\""f"''i. f:-i-. March 2. ISG8. 
lit sitil...! Ml pmetice in Baliiin,„-o, aiul was a 
pi.>as>or of s.ir^:. in the U. of M,I. Me ren 

i:"nl o .„,|„a,y M,r;rery, he was preseMt a 

he w :" I- V' i^"'"'"""' "■"' "f "'''"-'Hoo. where 
he was, sl,;;htly wounded. For more thin TO 
yenn, he filled the chair of .iir;;crv7n the U 
alU^'th .r'"™*^'' r^P«»'''".v nfl. or tiearS 
"mvin-r' :tT,?°'r'"'"'''"^''f "•" profession; 
lie twice .successfnily pcrforined iheCiE.arean 

foZrZvr "'""■ ""'"""• '^' "'« «-- °" 

ixenport, 1{ I. Auilior of " PiiiiciDlcs nn.l 
Practice of Siir<'crv " ifio. r, . , ij ' l, " ' 
Euronein ts-'o"i-" , . ' ^'""blesin 
iiurof.i.in 18,9, beiiifr sketches ..f nroniincnf 
surxcoiis; ami in isli ■• » r . I'™"'""^"' 

tV,I.V f r '1'"^"'* "■'-■™ "'"0"? llie first 

IM8 o I8G1 All active abolitionist he sii„ 
pSn nd"^;''"'"-^ Adams upon the'ri^Iu'o' 

in .he District of Columbi ' . d "he Tc'' 
ntone,,. Feb. 9. .841. he delivcrcMl hi, fij." 

*la., which ho contcn.led was a urosl.vor 
contest. His rc.sol,i,i„ns of Ma di"^'" 84^ 
.n reference to ■• The Creole," a ve sel which' 
while ciiga^red in transportin!- slav« from V„' 

iiiKen II to Aa.ssaii, croate<l mien.se excitement 
A resolution c-ensiirin;; the conduct of m' 
Giddings havii,;; heen adopted bv 12.^, to 69 

ciect'^^rbv'^r '"""'• ''.•■'"*'"• ■'■"' -- r^ 

nn^ex,tio.> of 't "'"^""'V ' "' "'''«'='"' "'« 
annexation of Te.xiis. In I8.->0 he took a 

E,r "C' "■ ?/'"°r"'«/''^- "Comp^mis: 
flliasiires, especially the fii-iiive-shive law 

J^"* ^'''P"; '" also in the .lebates upon ho 

"•peal of" the Mo. Compromise, and ,7^1,0 e 
upon ,. ,siibsec,„ent tn,i'ibles InKansa" m" v 
,lJl r 1 "';■ "i'-'ressin^ the honse, he sud- 
n s" ' ;:;';"/" "'T '" « '•"■« of .iiieonst.b:s. 
Jan 1,. I8.,8, |,e m apiin in the .same wav 

8fi7 , i-^ \ I <^<"r "'•-''"■ '^ ^"nnda from 
1861 to his death. Ill 1 8^.1 ho wrnic a series 
of political essays sl^-iied -I'acifiens " xZ\ 

" rhe E.x.les of Florida;" and in 1864 -'A 
History of the Rebellion, 1861-3 " 



pf extensive iro'iiworks " dt ," '',',?",?,' 
!«Ul.e Clements of I , will, j" „ //.^C j 

tains '.1 r,;,./.,'",;;!,,, *'"™'"- "• "ho Jloun- 
Gilbert, Si« IUi„.„„Kv. « dlstin^ EnL- 

to V f- w hen .,„ ''"" "f'^"""'"^'^ ^'^"•■■ned 
li,. s p', I • 1 "° '"• " ""^^ '"•■ircss. In 1.572 
Col M "" ' "/•-■•^"'■""•enient of 9 ship, hr 

June II -,-« r- '""" ""' ""-' E- liidies." 

K.i.ab:.:h;;^,L-!--::;:-^i;-,,Qnecn 

-n,.,,edhi,„,o:;:;:;..'''l;:,;7--- 

rxl r.mml'l'.fnr''"'''' '' ^'"l'^' «"■'. I»-Ji K 
bor , f St n ,'^" • n'*= ("'^^^'^^i^n of the h.r- 
oor ot 5,t John ». By virtue of hi, natem he 
t-raiitcd 1,-ases to several fainllie, h, , .h 1 

eases: so th.a ^^ir Humphivv deserve, renie,^ 
brance as the „.„| founder oflCi;; . nd'.^m^ 

5*.! ■; 11 •'"'""' '"'venturer. Aiie. 2i> 

Im h s™ 1 > ; '"■''"^■" "'"•"••' bouieivard • 

bo'rd ;.'™:h[. 'r^'' '""■"'^■^^' ■" »«'. -""i ^ o„ 

at the Iivniont, Nov. 28 Isoo „, r m ■ 
lar i, ;. '." ".' "'^" : «"■' li-eaii.e lii^hlv popu- 
. I n ,.M r "%[ P^';,icularly in oid^i^en 
I V d , ^" ,T "-"""Of eomciv. In 1847 he 
Plau-d at the Princess's Theatre L<md A, 
I.r...it (.870). he is actln^-in,.':;^?;': \vi' 
Uk s II ea.i-e N.-k . Mr,. G., b. I'hila. 1801 • 

mue at the Inmiontns Sophie in " 0(' A-e 
EirroT^- ^)^ "^'"IP "- biisbaiid To 



GIX. 



361 



GHL 



Gilbert, Raleigh, a patentee of N. Eng-, 
ncplicw uf Sir Walter K. ; com. a vessel in 
tlie cxp'.'il. to settle at the moutli of the Ken- 
iK'hec ill 1G07. Arriving at Monhegan Island, 
Aug. 11, they built Ibrt St. George at Capo 
Small I'oint, now in Phipsburg. George Pop- 
ham was prcs., and Gilbert: adin. In the fol- 
lowing spring, having become by the death of 
his bro., Sir John Gillicrt, heir to his property, 
he returned to I'>ng. ; and Mr. Popham having 
died, and the storehouse being burnt, the whole 
Colony went liMck with him. 

Gilchrist, Jons Jajiks, jurist, b. Medford, 
Ms., Feb. 16, 1S09; d. Washington, Apr. 29, 
1858. II.U. 1828. Son of Capt. James. He 
settled as a lawyer in Charlcstown, N.U. ; be- 
came disting. ; was in the N. H. Icgisl. ; was 
register of probate for Sullivan Co. ; m. a duu. 
of Gov. Ilnbbard; became assoc. in 1840, and 
in 1848 chief justice of the N.II. Supreme 
Court, and in 1855 of the U.S. Court of 
Claims. He was preeminent as n nisi prhis 
judge. In 1846 he pub. a digest, of N.H. 
Koports. 

Giles, Hexuy, lecturer and author, b. 
Craanibrd, Wexford, Ireland, Nov. 1, 1809. 
Educated at the Acad, of Belfast. Though 
bred in the R. C. Church, he liecame a Unita- 
rian, and was pastor in Greenock for 2 years, 
and in Liverpool for .3 years. In 1840 he 
came to Amer., where he has lectured and oc- 
casionally preached. He delivered 4 of the 13 
lectures in the celebrated Liverpool controver- 
sy between the Episcopalians and the Unitari- 
ans in 1839. He pub. " l.,ectures and Essays," 
2 vols., Boston, 1845; "Christian Thoughts 
on Life," 1850; and "Illustrations of Genius 
in some of its A])plications to Society and 
Culture," 1854. He has addressed many lite- 
rary societies and library associations, andgave 
one course of lectures before the Lowell Insti- 
tuie in Boston on " The Genius and Writings 
of Shakspeare." He has resided for several 
years in Quincy, Ms. 

Giles, William Branch, statesman, b. 
Amelia Co., Va., Aug. 12, 1762 ; d. Richmond, 
Dec. 4, 18.30. N.J. Coll. 1781. Adm. to the 
bar, and praciised at Petersburg, but ab. 1790 
embarked in poHiics, first as a Federalist, af- 
terward as a Democrat; M. C. in 1790-8 and 
1801-2; U.S. senator from Aug. l804tolSI5; 
gov. of Va. 1827-30, and member of the legisl. 
1829-30. He separated from the Federalists 
on the question of establishinL' a US. bank in 
Dec. 1790. Jan. 23, 1793, he'^charged Hamil- 
ton wiih corruption and peculation. In 1 796 he 
opposed the creation of a navy and the ratiti- 
caiicn f Jay's treaty, and the proposed war 
with Fiance in 1798. In that year he declined 
a seat in Congress that he might aid Mailison in 
passing the celebrated resolutions of '98 in the 
Va. legi-1. He was an able debater, supported 
the administration during the war of 1812-15, 
and was disting. in the deliberations of the 
State Const. Conv. of 1829. As a parliament- 
ary tactician he was unrivalled. He pub. " A 
Speech on the Embargo" in 1808 ; " Political 
Letters to the People of Va." in 1813 ; an in- 
vective letter against President Monroe, and 
others l<i John Marshall and J. Q. Adams. 

Gillem, Alvas C, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., 



b. Tenn. West Point, 1851. Entering the 
1st Art., he served a;rainst the Seniinoles in Fla. 
in 1851-2; capt. 19th Inf. 14 May, 1861, de- 
clined; capt. and asst. qnarterm. 12 Julv, 1861; 
col. 10th Tenn. vols. 13 May, 1862; br'ig.-gen. 
vols. 17 Aug. 1863; col. 1st. Cav. 28 July, 
1866; brev. maj. 19 Jan. 1862, for Mill Springs, 
Ky. ; engaged at Sliiloh and Corinth ; com. 
brigade in Tenn. 24 Dec. 1862 to 1 June 1863 ; 
adj. -gen. State of Tenn. 1863-5; com. exped. 
to E. Tenn. Aug. 1864 to Mar. 1865, and en- 
gaged in various affitirs there ; brev. lieut.-col 
16 Dec. 1864, for action at Marion, Va. ; vice- 
prcs. of the convention to re-organize Tenn. 9 
Jan. 1865 ; com. cav. division 18 Mar. to July 
3, 1865, and in exped. to N.C., participating 
in action at and capture of Salisbury, N.C., 
and action near Asheville, 22 Apr. 1865 ; com. 
dist. of Mpi. 1867 ; brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 13 
Mar. 1865, for merit, services in the Rebellion, 
and brev. maj.-gen. for battle of Salisbury, 
N.C. — Culhm. 

Gillespie, Willia.m Mitchell, LL.D., 
author and civil engineer, b. New York, 1816 ; 
d. there Jan. 1, 1868. Col. Coll. 1834. After 
having spent about 10 years in Europe, partly 
in prosecuting bis studies, and partly in travel 
and observation, he was prof, of civil engineer- 
ing in Un. Coll. 1845-68. He pub. in 1845 an 
entertainiug volume, " Rom'' as seen by a New- 
Yorker in 1 843-4 ; " " Roads and Railroads, a 
Manual for Road-Making; " "The Philosophy 
of Mathematics," from the French of Comte, 
1837 ; and in 1853 a work on " The Principles 
and Practice of Land-Surveying." 

Gillette, Abraham Du.vn, pastor of Cal- 
vary Church, N.Y. Citv, b. Cambridge, N.Y., 
1809. Has pub. " History of the 1 1th Baptist 
Church, Phila.; " " Memoir of Rev. Daniel H. 
Gillette ; " " Pastor's Last Gift." Edited " So- 
cial Hymns" and "Minutes of Phila. Bapt. 
Assoc, from 1707 to 1807." — AiULone. 

Gilliss, James Mel^'in, capt. U. S. N., 
astronomer, b. D.C. 1810; d. Wa>hington, 
D.C., Feb. 9, 1865. Midshipman March 1, 
1827; becamecapt. July 16, 1862. Inl838he 
organized the fiVst working observatory in the 
U.S., and in 1843 pub. the first vol. of " Amer- 
ican Astronomical Observations." In Sept. 
1842 Lieut. Gilliss began the construction of a 
naval observatory, tinished in 1845. Author 
of "The U.S. Asiron. Exped. to the Southern 
Hemisphere in 1849-32," 4to, 2 vols. 1855. He 
visited Peru in 1858, and Washington Territo- 
ry in I860. A|)ril 22, 1861, be was put in 
charge of the National Observatory in place 
of Maury, which, under his charge, became a 
first-class institution. Shortly before his death, 
he made a report upon the parallax of the plan- 
et Mars. He made valuable improvements in 
the instruments of astronomical science. 

GiUis, John p., enmmo. U.S.N., b. Wil- 
mington, Del. A resident of Illinois Mid- 
shipman Dec. 12, 1825; lieut. Feb. 9, 1837; 
com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. Jnly 16, 1862; 
eommo. Sept. 1867; light-house insp. fourth 
dist. 1870; had charge of " The Decatur's" 
boats at the capture of Tuspan ; com. schoon- 
er " Tampico " and the flotilla ou .Mvarado 
River, and was acting gov. during the Mexi- 
can war; in Perry's Japan exped. 1853-4; 



GIL 



362 



GrL. 



com. steamer " Monlici'llo " in the Hatteras 
Inlet li;;lii ; com. " The Seminole," and ren- 
dered ertieient serviee nt c«[iiure of I'ort Koyiil ; 
in " The Fernanilinn " exped. ; In attack on 
Scwell's Point, Miiy, 1862; joined West Gulf 
8<)uiid. in " 'JMie Os^ii>e© ; " com. a division otf 
Mobile, and in 1864 was retired on account of 
sickness eontraited in the service. — /Iiimersli/. 
Gillmore, Quincy Au.vms, hrev. maj.-gcn. 
U.S.A., Ii. Ulaek Kiver. Lorain Co., O.. Kch. 28, 
1825. West I'oint (l.-t in his class), 1849. 
lie entered the ciiijr. corps, hceamc l>t lieuu 
in 1856. eapt. Aujr. 6, 18G1, and innj. June 1, 

1863. From 1849 to I8.i2, lie was employed 
on the furtiliculiuns of Hampton liunds. Vn., 
and was then for 4 years assist, instructor of 
entiineering at West Point. In Uct. 1861 he 
was npp. chief en^rr. of the e.xj)ed. a;;ainst the 
Southern coast under Gen. T. W. Sherman. 
He superintended the construction of tlie forti- 
fications nt Hilton Head, and planned and ex- 
ecuted the oiM-rations resultint; in the capture 
of Fort Pulaski, Apr. 11, 1862, an account of 
which he pub. in 1863, 8vo, N.Y. April 29, 
1862, he was made brij^.-gen. of vols. In 
Sept. 1862 he was assigned to the com. of the 
dist. of Western Va. ; com. at the battle of 
Somerset, Ky., 30 Mar. 1863, and bi-cv. col. 
U.S.A. for that exploit. June, 1863, he suc- 
ceeded Gen. Hunter in the command of the 
dept. of S.C, and was promoted to maj.-gen. 
10 July, 1863. He operated against the de- 
fences of Charleston harbor, silencing Forts 
Sumter and Wagner; but the navy failed to 
take advantage of his successes. In May, 

1864, he joined Butler in his disastrous opera- 
tions up the .James River, in com. 10th army 
corps ; com. the 19th corps, in pursuit of Karly, 
in July, and subsequently com. the dept. of 
S.C. ; brcv. niaj.-gen. U.S.A. lor capture of 
Forts Wagner and Gregg. Authorof " Limes, 
Cements, and Mortars," 1863 ; " Engineer and 
Art. Operations against Charleston," 1863. — 
Vulliim. 

Qillon, CoMMODciRE Alex.inm)ER, a naval 
officer III the Hevol., b. Kotterdam, 1741; d. 
Oct. 1794. He belonged to a wealthy com- 
mercial family; was sometime a resident of 
Loud. ; came to Charleston, S.C, in 1766, and 
became a prosperous raereliant. In May, 1777, 
in an armed ship, he captured 3 British cruisers, 
boarding them one after the other. App. com- 
mo. in the navy of S.C. in 1773, he sailed for 
France, where he hired a frigate, which he 
named the " South Carolina." in which he 
took many valuable prizes. With a large ftcet, 

Sartly Spanish, he com. the exped. which in 
lay, 1782, captured the Bahama Islands. Ho 
was a man of engaging person, and great en- 
terprise. >I C. 179.3-4 ; often in State legisl., 
anil member Const. Conv. of S.C. — Johnson's 
lifnJIs. 

Gilman, CAnoLtXE, authoress, wife of 
Rev. Samuel, b. Boston, Oct. 8, 1794; dan. 
of Samuel Howard of Boston, and was ed- 
ucated at various schools in Concord, Cam- 
bridge, and other towns of Ms. At the age of 
16 she wrote a iKwm, " Jciihthah's Rash Vow," 
and soon alter " .lairus s Daughter," which 
was pub. in the .Y..1. AVi-iVir. In 1819 she m. 
and removed to Charleston, S C, where she 



has since resided. In 1S32 she Iwgan to edit 
the liotrhud, a juvenile weekly, afterward 
named the ."ioulliern Hue, containing articlv) 
of much literary merit. From this she re- 
printed her ■' Recollections of a New-England 
Housekce|)cr," " Uecollections of a Southern 
Matron ;" Ruth Uaymond,or lyove's Progress ; " 
" Pot^try of Travelling in the US.," 1838; 
" Verses of a Lifetime ; " " Mrs. Gilnian's Gift- 
Book," and other vols. She has also pub. " Or- 
Bcics frono the Poets," 1847 ; and " The Sibyl, 
or New Oracles from the Poets," 1848. Mrs. 
Gilninn ha.s edited the " lAJilers of Eliza Wil- 
kinson during the Invasion of Charleston," in 
Mrs.E:leit's " Womenof th^; Uovol." In 1860 
she pub. a memorial of her husband, entitled 
" Records of Inscriptions in the Cemetery and 
Building of the Unitarian Church, Archdale 
Street, Charleston, S.C, from 1777 to 1860." 
Her dan., Mrs. Caroline Howard Glover, b. 
1823, an<l educateil in Charleston, m. in 1840. 
Besides coutrili. |)ocms and titles to the maga- 
zines of the South, she pub. in 1858 " Ver- 
non Grove," a novel, conirib. to the Soutlurn 
Liternrij Mt-.'iSfmf'r. 

Gilinan, Chandler Robdi.vs. M.D., phy- 
sician and author, b. Marietta, O., Sept. 6, 
1802 : d. .Midilletowii, Ct.. S.pt. 26, 1863. U. 
of Pa. 1824. His father and grandfather 
(Judge Gilman) were among the earliest set- 
tlers of O. He studied medicine, and practised 
many years in N.Y. From 1841 till his d., he 
was prof, of obstetrics in the Coll. of Physi- 
cians and Surgeons, N.Y., and, after the death 
of Dr. Beck, prof, of med. jurisprudence. 
Early in life, he, with his relative. C. F. Hotf- 
man, had charge of the Ainer. .l/o/ifA/y. In 
1835 he pub. " Legends of a I/Ojj-Cabin," rem- 
iifiscences of his Western life, and " I..ile on 
the Lakes." He prepared lor the pre.ss Dr. 
Beck's •' Lectures on Slateria Medica;" edited 
his '■ Medical.Iurispnulcnce;" wrote" A Sketch 
of the Life and Character of Dr. J. B. Uwk." 
1851;." The Relations of the Medical to ilic 
Lcgiil Profession," 1 956 ; a " M.'dii-o I/Cgal 
Examination of the Case of Cliarles B. Hun- 
tington;" "Tracts on (jeueration ; " and 
numerous coniributioas to medical maga- 
zines. 

Gilman, John Taylor, statesman. Son 
of Nicholas, b. E.xetcr, N.H., Dec. 19, 1753 ; 
d. Sept. I, 1828. On the inoniing after the 
news of the battle of Lexington, he with 100 
others marched to Cambridge. He was sub- 
sequently assist, to his father, the treasurer of 
the State; in Oct. 1780 wits a delegate from 
K.H. to the convention at Hartford to provide 
for the common defence ; a delegate to the 
Cont. Congress in 1782-3; State treasurer, 
178.3-92; gov. 1794 to 1805 and 1813-16, and 
a State i-cpre\seniaiive in 1810-11. In politics 
ho was a decided Federalist. Under the confed- 
eration, he, with Irvine and Kean, was a com- 
missioner to settle the accounts of the different 
Stiitcs. 

Gilman, NicnoL\s. staletman, son of 
Nidwlas, ireas. of N.H.; d. Phila. Mav 2, 
1814, a. 52. He was a delegate from N.ll. to 
the Cont. Congress from 1 786 to 1 788 ; and after 
the ailoption of the U.S. Constitution, of which 
ho was one of the Iramcrs, was M.C. from 



GrlL 



363 



tlie first American literary annual. He was 
prei. of tlie Pa. Acail. of Fine Arts, ami vice- 
pres. of tlie Hist. Society ; contril). to the lend- 
in;; periodicals of the day ; wrote several of the 
l)io;;rapliies ot the si^'ners of the Declaration 
of Independence, beside other biographies, dis- 
courses, and addresses on various public occa- 
sions ; and also supervised the publication by 
Congress of the iladison Papers. — .See Me- 
morial of H. D. Gil inn, 1860. 

Ginibrede, Thomas, miniature-painter 
and enu'iiiver, and teacher of drawing at West 
Point iVoin 5 Jan, 1819 to his d. 25 Dec. 1832, 
b. Prance, 1781. 

Girard, Charles, naturalist, b. Mulhouse, 
France. 1822. In 1809 he was a pupil of 

asures anu i tuna ui « unuviv-.^ .^ * , xmuv,!^, »^-^' ,* , , r u ■ , 

18.V' He translated the Satires of Boileau, Agassiz at ISeuchatcl; became one of his as- 

and'pub. some original poems, among them sistants, and came with h.m to America re- 

the •• History of a Rav of Light," and a poem maining his assist, until 18o0 when he went 

re.'u before'the Phi Beta Kappa Society of to reside m W)isli.ngton. He has pub. in the 

reau uiiore ft; „. ^.,^^^^^ Smithsonian Contributions " Contributions to 

well as the Natural History of the Fresh-water Fishes 

Husband of Caro- of North America.; " in the Journal of the 



1789 to 1797, and was a U.S. senator from 
1805 to 1814. — Lanman. . 

GUman, Samuel, D.D. (H.U. 18.37), Uni- 
tarian cler'vman and scholar, b. Gloucester, 
M^., Fell, ftj, 1791 ; d. Kingston, Ms., Feb. 9, 
1858 H.U. 1811. He was tutor in matlie- 
matics at Cambridge from 1817 to 1819, and 
was pastor of the church in Charleston, S.C., 
from l)e.-. 1819 until his death. He contrib. 
largelv to the -Y. A. Review and other periodi- 
cals o"n a wide range of subjects, a vol. of 
which was pub. in 1856 under the title of 
" Contributions to Amer. Literature." One 
of his well-known productions is the " Me- 
moirs of a X. E. Village Choir," 1829 ; another 
is " Pleasures and Pains of a Student's Life," 



H.U. He look a prominent part in Charleston 
in promoting the temperance cause, as " " "- 
the interests of literature. Husband o 
line (Howard) Gilman. An interesting bio_'. 
sketch of Dr. Gilman is in the Monlh/i/ lieh- 
yiviis Ma :azine, Boston. Apr. 1S5S. 

Gilmer, George R., lawyer and legislator, 
h. Wilkes Co., Ga., Apr. 11, 1790; d Lexing- 
ton Ga. Nov. 22, 1859. He received an aca- 



Acadenii/ of Natural Sciences of Phila 
memoir on" The Embryonic Development of 
Plauoivra Elliptica ; " " Herpetology of the 
U.S. E.Kpl. Bxped. 1838-42," with a fol. atlas; 
and has contrib. articles on fishes and reptiles 
to the reportsof Stansbury, Sitgreaves, llaury. 



deinical education, studied law, and settled in Gillis of the Mex. boundary and Pac.hc R. R. 

Lexn-ton O-lethorpe Co., Ga. In 1813 he surveys, and to the proceedings of various scicn- 

trv^fas"; lieut. in the Creek war. He was tifie bodies. One ot his latest works is his 

in the Smtelc'isl. in 1818-19 and 1824; was " Ichthyological Notices. —Arpleton. 
gov in 18:29-31 and 1837-9, and, during the Girard, Stephen, merchant and banker, 

Htter term removed the Cherokees from Ga. b. near Bordeaux, Frame, May 21, 1<?0; d. 

MC from'l8-n to 1823, from 1827 to 1829. Phila. Dec;' 26, 1831. He siuled as eabm-boy 

a Id from 18.33 to 1835, and was for 30 years to the W. Indies and N.Y. ab. 1760; rose to be 

trustee of the Ga. Coll. Author of a book 'na*'«randpartowner of a casting-vessel, and 

pub. in 1855 entitled " Georgians," w-hich con- ' ' "" """ 



tains much useful and interesting information 
touching the early settlement of his native 
State. — Lanman. 

Gilmer, Thomas W. of Charlottesville, 
Va. sec. of the U.S. navy ; killed by the ac- 
cident on board the U.S. steamer " Princeton," 
Feb. 28, 1S44; gov. of Va. 1840-41 ; M. C. 
from IS'il to 1843 



earned enough to establish himself in business 
in Phila. in 1769. He traded to the W. Indies 
until the war, when he 0|)ened a grocery and 
liipior shop, at firat in Pliila. and afterward at 
Mount Hoilv, where he made money out of the 
American soldiers. In 1780 he resumed his 
dealings with the W. Indies and N. Orleans ; 
was for a time in partnership with his brother 
John, l>nt laid the foundation of his wealth by 




from Aug. 1853 to Dec. 1856, and also of the 
Concord and other connecting lines until Aug. 
1866. State senator in 1858-9 ; pres. of that 
body in 1859 ; and was gov. of X.H. in 1863- 
Junc, 186 



for business and his strictness in money-matters 
he became one of the richest merchants in the 
countrv. During the prevalence of the yellow- 
fever in Phila. he not only made liberal dona- 
tions of money, but performed in person the 



GilDin' Hesrt D., lawyer and author, b. duties of physician and nurse Having in 
!n»iR7fl d there Dec "29 1859. U. of 1812 purcjiased the buildmg and much of the 
''^. o'^'h.*^:,. Id liw and beLn practice stock 'of the old U.S. Bank, he commenced 



Phila. 

Pa. 1819. He studied law. anil began practice 
in Phila. in 1822 ; was U.S. atty. for his State 
in 1832 • solicitor of the US. treasury in 
1837 ; and U.S. attv.-gen. io 1840-1. In 1837 
he pub. a vol. of reports of cases in the east- 
ern dist. of Pa., and in 1840 " Opinions of the 

^:7^'^T^ii^lc^<^- ^id'« ': co;i.i;;^ratiVcly Uttle was bequeathed to his rela- 



business as a private banker. During the war 
of 1812, he took the whole of a govt, loan of 
85,000,000. He contrib. liberally to all public 
im|irovcmcnts, and adorned the city of Phila. 
with many handsome buildings. Of his ijrop- 
crtv, amounting at his death tonearly 9 millions, 



S64 



G-ia 



tires Besides large bequests to vnriuus public 
institutions, lie gave to the citv uf I'liilii., lur iin- 
pruvo.iicnt of its strecis, buililin^'s, Sn:. SJUO,- 
OUO; fur tlic improvenicnl o( ciiniil-naviifuiiun 
ill Pu., S;iUO,Ol)0. His |)riiicl|iiil bequusl wns 
the sum uf SJ,000,0OU, besiiirs the residue of ii 
ceruiiii portion of his esuite, toffcther with a 
plot of );rouud in I'liila., fur the erection nnd 
supjiori uf II coll. fur orphans. It was o|>ciied 
Jan. I, IS48. The main biiildin;; is the tinusi 
spvciincn of Grecian arcliiiecture in America. 
By a pi'ovision of his will, no ecclesiastic, mis- 
sionary, or minister, of any sect whatever, is to 
hold any connection wiili the coll., or be iidni. 
to the preini.scs even as a visitor ; but the otH- 
cers ul the institution are required tu instruct 
the pupils in the purest principles of morality, 
and leave tlieni to adopt their own rclii:iou8 
upiniuiis. — iiee Life bi/ S. Simpson, 12iuo, 
I'liila. 18.12. 

Girardin, L. II., npp. prof, of mod. lan- 
gua;;cs ut Will, and Mary Cull, in 180.) ; wrote 
a cuntiiiuaticiii ul' Uurke's "Hist, of Virginia." 
Ho afterward pub. in the Gltancr, a Iticlimond 
pcriiidicul, a lung Latin poem, " Maiomachia 
— Sivc Oucllu." 

Gird, HfcXRT n., scholar, b. N.Y. 1801 ; 
d. N. Urlcttiis, June 1, 18+5. West Puini, 
1822. A.ssist. instructor inf tactics at West 
Point, 1822-4; udj. there 1824-7; resigned 
Nov. 1829; prof, iiiatlicinatics and iiat philus. 
La. Cull. 1829-43 ; prcs. uf the cull. 1831-42; 
in the U..S. mint, N. Orleans, 1843-5. 

Gist, .\li>uuf;cAi, biig.-gen. Ucvol. armv, 
b. Ualtimure, Aid., 1743; d. Charlestun. S.C., 
Sept. 2, 1792. His ancestors were early emi- 
grjnls to Mil. He was a merchant at the 
brcakirig-uut uf the Uevul. ; was capt. of the 
first corps raised in .\Id. ; major, Jan. 1776, of 
Smallwood's tfttt. ; he com. the regt. at the 
battle of Long Island, Aug. 1776, in the ab- 
sence uf its col. and lieul.-col.; promoted to 
col. ill 1777 ; lie was in the buttle of German- 
town in Sept. of that year ; was made brig.- 
gen. in Jan. 1779. and with his brave Mary- 
landers bure the brunt bf the disastruus battle 
of Camden in 1 780. Present at the surrender 
of Cornwallis. After the war, he resiiled on 
his planiaiion near Charleston. His tall 
and graceful figure, syniineirieal proportions, 
great strength, and e.\pre»sive features, lighted 
by eyes of singular brightness, indicated the 
chivalrv uf his character. 

Gladden, Adlkv II., gen. C.S.A., b. S.C. ; 
mortally wounded at llie battle of Sliiloh, 
April 6, 1862. Major in Cul. Butler's Pal- 
metto regt. of S. C. vols, in the Mexican war, 
and became lieut .cdl. nnd commander of the 
regt. at Cluiruliuscu, where buih his siiperiur 
officers were killed. He was severely wounded 
in the coiiflut at the Bilen Gate. App. in 
1861 brig.-gen. in the Suuthern army; he was 
assigned a brigade in Withers's division of 
Bragg's corps ; was wounded on the first day of 
the battle ut Shilub, and died soon afterward. 

Gladwin, I1i;nrv, a Brit, mnj.-gcn.; d. 
Stubhiiig. mar Chesterfield, Derby, Eng., 
June 22, 1791. He became a lient. in the 48th 
Fool, Aug. 28, 1753; was wounded in theexpcd. 
of Briiddock, 1755 ; cupt. in the 80th, Dec. 25, 
1757; major of that regt. June 20, 1739; was 



next dep. adj. -gen. in Amcr. (which post he 
filled until 1780), and served with great dis- 
tinction during the war. His gidlant defence 
of Detroit against Pontiac was rewarded bf 
prumutiun to lieut.-i-ol. Sept. 17, 1763; col. 
Aug. 29,1777; and maj.-gen. Sept. 26, 1782.— 
O' Citlla.jim,,. 

Glasson, Joiix J., commo. U.S.N., b. 
N.Y.City. Midshipra Feb. 1,1823; lieut. Feb. 
9, 1837; com. Sept. 14, 1855; commo. Sept. 
28, 1866. Served under Cum. Porter in llio 
suppression of piracy in the \V. Indies in 
1823; com. schooner " Falcon " at capture of 
Vera Cruz; relieved a French vessel, " L'Asic," 
from peril off the coast uf Yueauin ; com. store- 
ship " Le.xingion " in Pcrrv's Japan exped. 
18.Vi-4; com. Norfolk NoVy-Yard, 1864-6. 
Uet. 1 Oct. 1 864. — llamerslfj. 

Gleig, GbOROE RoDtRT, author and 
clergyman, b. Stirling, Scotland, 20 Apr. 1796. 
Sun of Bishop G., and cducateil at 0.\ford. 
He entered the British army in 1812; served 
under Wellington in the Peninsular war, and 
in America at Baltimore, Washington, and N. 
Orleans, and was wounded in the battle of 
Blailensbnrg. He pub. " Life of the Dnfco 
of Wellington," " The Subaltern in A'ueriea," 
and " Campaigns of Washiiigtou and New Or- 
leans." He afterward took orders; was chap- 
lain of Chelsea Hospital for some time, and 
was made eliaplaingen. to the funes in 1846. 
One of the most voluminous authors of the 
day. 

Glen, Jamks, gov. of S.C. from Jan. 
1744 to 1755. Near the close of his admin- 
istration, he concluded a treaty with the 
Cherokecs in their own country, by which a 
large extent of territory was ceded to tlie king, 
contributing greatly to the interest and safety 
of the colunv. He pub. " A Deseripiiun of 
S.C." 8vu. Lund. 1761. 

GlentWOrth, Gkorge, physician and 
suigeun, b. I'hihi. Julv 22. 17'I5; d. there 
Nov. 4, 1792. U. of "Kdinburgh, 1758. He 
was a surgeon in the Brit, army during the last 
French war in America. In 1777 he relin- 
quished his extensive practice, and l>ecaine 
surgeon of a regt. ; afterwanl senior surgeon 
in the Amer. army; and subsequently di- 
rector-gen. of hospitals for the middle division. 

Gliddon, Gkorgc Ruuins, archa^ologist, 
b. Devonshire, Eng., 1809 ;d. Panama, N.G., 
Nov. 16, 1857. He passed a large part of bis 
life in Egypt, where he succeeded his father as 
U.S. consul, exploring the ruins of the country, 
and made valuable euntribs. to learning, both 
by lectures and |iublieati>ins. After leaving 
Egypt, he came to tlic U.S.. and lectured al 
Boston, New York, and Pliila. on Egyptian 
aniii|uities. He pub. "An Essay on the Pro- 
duction ot Cotton in the Valley of the Nile ; " 
" An Ap|)eal to Enru|K! against the Destruction 
of Egypli.in Monuments by Meheroet Ali," 
1841 ; " Discourses on Egvpiian ArchiEologv," 
1841; "Oiia ^Egyptiaca'," 1849; "Ancient 
Egypt." 1850; " Imligenous Races of the 
Earth," also partly written by Dr. Nolt and 
others, 1857; "Review of the American in 
Egypt." from thc.V.r. IIW</, Aug. 6, 1842. 
One of his latest works was " The Ty|>cs of 
Mankind," 1854, which he pivpurcd in con- 



GLI 



365 



GOD 



nection with Dr. Nott of Mobile. At the time 
of his ilcMUli, tie WHS connected with tlie Hon- 
ciuiMs Intcr-oceiinic Railroad Co. 

Glisson, Olivek S., rcar-adm. U.S.N., b. 
Ohio, .1.111. IS, 1809. Midshipman Nov. 1, 
18i'6; ii^'ut. Feb. 9, 1837; command. Sept. 
14, 18."i5 ; capt. July 16, 1802; coinmo. July 
25, 1806; rear-adm. 6 July, 1870. Com. 
schooner " Reefer," home squadron, during 
the Mexican war, 184" ; .steam-frigate "Pow- 
hatan," K.I. squadron, japan exped., 1853-.T; 
com. steamer " Mount Vernon," N. Atl. 
block, squad., 1861; steam-sloop "Iroquois," 
West Gulf squad., 1862 ; steam-sloop " Mohi- 
can," 1803—4; steamer "Santiago de Culm," 
1864-.') ; and in the two attacks on Fort 
Fisher, Dec. 1864 and Jan. 1865; com. naval 
station. League Island, Penn., 1867-70. Ret. 
18 Jan. 1871. — Hamersli/. 

Glover, John, brig.-gen. Revol. army, b. 
Salem, Xuv. 5, 1732; d. Marblehcad, Jan. 30, 
1797. Diminutive in person, he was active 
and energetic, and possessed considerable 
military aliility. At the outset of the war he 
raised 1,000 men of Marblehcad, and joined 
the army at Cambridge, where he was of great 
service in organizing and disciplining the 
troops. The rcgt. he com first numb'ied the 
21st, afterward the 14th, was one of the first 
raised, as well as one of the best in the Con- 
tinental army. At the retreat from Long 
Island, this "' amphibious " regt. manned the 
boats, and brought the entire army offin safety. 
It also led (he advance in crossing the Di'l. on 
the memorable night before the victory of 
Trenton. Made brig.-gen. Feb. 21, 1777; 
joined Schuyler in July ; did good service in 
the campaign against Burgoyne, and conducted 
the captive army to Cambridge. He joined 
Greene's division in N.J. in 1778, and was de- 
tached to R.I. under Sullivan. Ordered to 
Ms. in 1780 to superintend the drafts from 
that State. — .See Memoir by Williuin P. Up- 
haiii. .Salem, 1863. 

Goddardj'CALViN, judge, b. Shrewsburv, 
Ms., July 17, 1768; d. Norwich, May 2, 1842. 
Dartm. "Coll. 1786. He passed two years as a 
teacher in the Plainfield Aead ; commenced 
the practice of law there in Nov. 1790, and, 
aided by a commanding person and a graceful 
elocution, became disting. in his profession. 
He was often a member of the Slate legisl. ; 
was in 1799 and 1800 sjieakcr of the lower 
house; M.C. 1801-5; member of the State 
council from 1808 to 1815; was States atty. 
for New London Co. for 5 years ; 17 years 
mayor of Norwich, whither he removed in 
1807; member of the Hartford Convention in 
1814; and in 1815-18 was judge of the Su- 
preme Court of Ct. 

Goddard, P.vul B., M.D., b. Baltimore, 
Jan. 20, 181i. Wash. Coll. 1828. Authorof 
" Anatomy, &e., of the Teeth," 4to, 1844 ; " On 
the Arteries ; " " On the Nerves ; " editor 
of "Wilson's Anatomy;" "Wilson's Dis- 
sector;" " Moreau's Midwifery," 8vo, 1844; 
" Ricord on Syphilis," 8vo, 1851 ; " The Icono- 
graphic Portion of Raycr on the Skin," 1845 ; 
"Ashwell on Diseases of Females," 8vo, 1 850. — 
Alllhme. 
Goddard, Williaji, printer, son of Giles 



G., phvsirian and postmaster at N. London, 
Ct., b." 1740; d. Providence. R. I., Dec. 23, 
1817. Oct. 20, 1762, he established the first 
]iriiiting- press at Providence, where he cora- 
nieneed the dazette ; was soon afterwards one 
of the publishers of the A'. 5'. (huvllc and Post- 
Boi/: removed to Phila. in 1760, where, with 
Gallou:iy ;iiid Wharton, he pub. the Pr:n,si/lm- 
uia C/irwiir/,-, and in 1773 went to Baltimore, 
and started the Mdri/lnml Joiinial. He was ac- 
tive in organiiing the post-office, and was app. 
hy FraiiUliii, in 1775, surveyor of roads, and 
comptroller. In 1792 he sold his press, and 
retired to a farm in John>ton, R. I., but subse- 
quently resided in Providence. His friend, 
Gen. Charles Lee, bequeathed him a jmrtion of 
his extensive landed estate in Va. He pub. a 
Hist, of the Pa. Chronicle, 1770. — Thomas's 
Hist, of Printiuft. 

Goddard, VVilliam Giles, prof of mor 
al pliilos. and metaphys. at Brown U- 1825- 
34, and of rhetoric and belles-lettres 1834-42. 
Editor and prop. R. I. American, 1814-25 ; b. 
Johnston, R. I, Jan. 2, 1794; d. Providence, 
Feb. 16, 1846. Brown U. 1812. Son of Wm., 
editor. He had been a member of the R. I. 
legisl. His miscellaneous writings were edited 
and pub. by his son, F. W. Goddard, 2 vols. 
8vo, 1870. 

Godfrey, Thomas, inventor of the quad- 
rant commonly called Hadley's, b. Phila. ; d. 
Dec. 1749. He was by trade a glazier. By 
his own unaided etforts, he mastered sueli math- 
ematical treatises as came in his way, and after- 
wards learned Latin that he might acquaint 
himself with the mathematical works in that 
language. He borrowed Newton's " Priiici- 
pia" of Sec. James Logan, to whom, ab. the 
year 1730, Godfrey communicated the improve- 
ment he had made in Davis's ^quadrant, by 
which he was so much struck, 'that in M;iy, 
17.32, hi; addressed a letter to Dr. Edmund 
Halley in Eng., describing fully the construc- 
tion and uses of Godfrey's instrutncut. No 
notice, however, was taken of it by Halley; 
and, after an interval of.a year and a half, Lo- 
gan transmitted a copy of the letter, together 
with Godfrey's account of his invention, to 
Peter Colllnson, engaging him to' place them 
before the Royal Society. This was according- 
ly done ; but Mr. Iladley, the vice-pres. of tho 
societv, hail already presented there a paper, 
dated'May 13, 1731, and inserted in " The Phil- 
os. Transactions "for that year, describing a 
reflecting quadrant of the same chjvraiter, 
which he claimed as his invention. It was 
decided that both were entitled to the hon- 
or of the invention ; and tho .society sent to 
Godfrey, as a reward, household furniture to 
the value of .£200, instead of money, on ac- 
count of his habits of intemperance. 

Godfrey, Thomas, poet, son of the pre- 
ceding, J). Phila. 1736; d. 26 July, 1763, near 
Wilmington, N.C. Abandoning the trade of 
his father, as well as that of watchmaking, to 
which he had been apjircnticcd, he obtained a 
lieutenancy in the provincial troops raised in 
1 758 for an expoii. against Fort Duqucsnc, and 
afterward established himself as a factor in 
N.C. His early productions in the American 
Magazine, pub. at Phila., manifested eonsidera- 



G-or> 



SCO 



GOI 



ble poetic talent. FIU principal poem is the 
toiirt of Fancy ;" and. Binons his minor 
pieces hi8 ■• Epistle from Fort lUnrv," and 
several of hi8 pastorals and clet'ics, evin'ce taste 
and culture : but his priiK-ipal claim to distinc- 
tion H the fact that he w.n the author of the 
hrst ^American drama, '• The Prince of Par- 
thia, a tragedy. His poetical writing's were 
pub m Phila. in 176:. with a biog. preface hy 
jM. fcvans; also an iinonynious critical analysis 
of the poems, written by Dr. Win. Smith, ito 
224 pp 

eodman, Jonv D.. anatomist and natu- 
r:iliM, b, AnimiKjlis, Md., Dec. 2, 1:94- d 
Gcrmnnioivn, Pa., Apr. 17, I MO. Lo'^in^ 
his parents at an early affc, he was apprenticed 
to a printer in Baltimore. In the autumn of 
ltiZ4, he entered as a sailor on board the flotil- 
la stationed in Chesapeake Bay. At the close 
of the war he studied medicine in Baltimore 
with Dr. Davidu-e, and was ohosen to till the 



place of his preceptor, who was prof of anat- 
omy in the \J of Md. while the latter was 
disabled bv sickness. After obtaining his dc- 
irree in K.)>. 1818, he praetisci sueces-si^elv in 
X^ew Holland, Pa., Anne Arundel Co. Sid 
in Baltimore, and IMiila. In Oct. 1821 'he re- 
moved to Cincinnati, where he commenced a 
medicil periodical, proiected by T)r. Drake 
entited the Weslen, (inarlerl/ /lenorter, of 
Which 6 numbers were issued. In 18-'-' ho 
Bettled in Phila. as a physician, and private 
teacher of anatomy, and was some time assist, 
cditorot Dr. Chapman •s.)/erf,W./o„™ni. He 
pub. in 1826 his popular ■• Natural Hlstor%- of 
American Quadrupeds," in 3 vols. 8vo." In 
1826 he became prof, of anatomy in Rutjers 
Med. Coll., N.Y. His practice is a surgeon 
was extensive, and the coll. flourished : but 
(luring his second course of lectures, a severe 
Illness obliged him to relinquish his pursuits 
and he removed in 1829 to Germantown, Pa 
where he d. He wTote the articles on natu! 
ral h,>tory for the .1,,,^ £',,c,/c/o,W/<. to the 
end of the letter C. Contrib. to the Amcr. 
i^mrtrrlji [yn..,c, besides numerous papers in 
the periodical journals of the dav. He pub 
Kamblesof a Naturalist," " Account of Iri 
regukritics of Structure and Morbid Anato- 
my; -Contributions to Physiological and 
rathological Anatomy ; " " Bell's Anaiomv " 
with notes ; a translation of Levassciir's 
Acco.int of Ufayettc-9 Progress through the 
u.O.; Anatomical Investigations," 1S''4 ■ 

addres.«cs on various public occasions. — t' G 
lUh„r,hon. ,n Gross's .}f(,l. Bioy. 
Godon, SYLV.v.vt s \V., ft-ar-ndm. U.S.N 

isii"i' '"" A*' '*'^'- ^liJ^h'pm. Mar. l] 
?I9; lieut. Dee. 17, 1&36; com. Sept. 14 
8n5 capt. July 16, 1862; eommo. Jan. 2 
863 rear-adm July 25, 1866. He was at- 
tached to the bomb brig " Vesuvius " at the 

nffif r f ?" ^TJ" '»•*"; '^'^'' -yeoutive 
officer of steamer " Susijuehanna." R.Y.,n„ad., 

D,;'r;::w'-/''"'i'"''''",[-"" "Powhatan- in 

piipont s cxpod. to Port TJoval ; and com. 

1 he Susquehanna " and the fourth division of 

in^nf 'i«r"i' "'.'t° ""^ •"""" "f F*"-' fisher 
in Dec. 1864 and Jan. 1865 ; com. S.A. squad 
coast of Brazil, 1866-7; XY navv."?rd 
18b8-70; retired 18 June, 1871. — Z/a/«fV%.' 



Godwin, 1'akke. journalist and aiiibor, 
b. iatcr.on, .N.J.. F.b. 2.',, 1816. N J Coll 
1M4. His father was an officer in the war of 
wl'l """„ ^" P'"""''''"''" a soldier of the 
Kexol He studied law, and was adm. to the 
barorhy.,J,u, did not practise. Prom 1837 
to I85.J, e\repting one vear. he was the road- 
juiorof hisfathcr-in-hiw, William C. Bryant 
/.",i/j "'"'' ^"^^ '" ''^« he i,siKd the 
IcUhfinder^ weekly periodical, discontinued 
at the end of 3 months. He contrib. many 
articles to the Drmor. LVvi.u-. in whi.h he lir-t 
advocated the important reforms afterward 
carried out in the constitution and code of 
7 V I , . S?'. "■'""''"^'l from the Germ.in 
iischokke s Tales, and the (irsi part of fj.xtbe's 
Autobiography. Author of- A Popular View 
ot the Doctrines of Charles Fourier" 1844- 
Constructive Democracv ; " ■• Vala a Mv' 
ihological Tale," founded'on incidents in 'the 
life ol Jennv Lind, 1851 ; and "A Handbo«,k 
of Universal Biog.," 1851. F.,\kot o{ Pul.mm's 
MoniM,, to w\wh he contrib. many literary 
and political articles. The latter were pub. in 
1858 in a scparote vol. In 1860 he pub. the 
fir^t vol. of " A History of France," embracing 
Ancient Gaul, terminating with the era of 
Charlemagne. Iq 1865 he was again a..soc 
with Mr. Bryant m the editorship of the V Y. 
t.rrmug lost. He is understood to be en-aged 
on a book to be entitled " The Hi-ior? and 
Oi-ganizaiion of Lalior ; " and another, '" The 
Aineteenth Century, with its Lc.iding Men and 
Movements " He has also promi,c.I a book 
of travels, " A Winter Harvest," the re.ult of 
a visit ,0 Kurope. Under Mr. I'olk's presi- 
dency he was dep. coll. of New Vork, but was 
subsequently a Kepubliean, sening the party 
with tongue and pen. As a political essavist 
Itcl^ "'""" ' ^^"^ ■""P"'"'"". — Z;'«yc- 
Qofie. William, mnj.-gen. under Crom- 
w "•""?„» ^'-''^"K b. ab. 1605; d. Hadlev, 
IMS.. 16.9. He was a fervent Puritan, a de- 
voted adherent of Cromwell, and one of the 
best officers of the Parlinmentary armv. He 
left London before the Rc-tora ion, and with 
his fatber-in-law. Gen. Wlialiev, arrived in 
Boston, July, 1660. Well received bv Goy 
hndecott, thev resided at Cambridge ti'll Feb' 
1661, when, learning that they were not in- 
eluded in the act of indemnitv, they removed 
to .N. Haven, and were seca^tcd bv Dep.- 
Governor Uet and Mr. Davenport.' They 
aftcnyanis lived in a cave at \Vest Roik 
and in the neighboring towns, eluding their 
pursuers by removing from house to house 
living in mills, in the clefts of rocks on the sea- 
shore, and in forest-caves; but in Oct 1664 
removed to Hadley. and were concealed 15 
years m the house of Rev. Mr. Knssel When 
tlie Indians aii.icked that town, Sept. 1 1675 
Goffb, pliicing himself at the head of the to« us^ 
iwople, attacked and repiil.^eil them. He im- 
mediately disappeared ; and the astonished in- 
liabitants. to whom he was unknown, regarded 
him as an angel sent for their deliverance. 

Gojcouria, Ges. Domi.noo be, a Cuban 
revolutionist, b. Cuba. 1799; garroti-l at Ha- 
VMua. , .May, 1870. Driven from Cuba nearly 
thirty years bclore for bis liberal vieiv< he 



GOL 



367 



GOO 



mnde his home in Mpi., whence he cooperated 
in the fillilmstcving expeii^. of Lopez in 1S49- 
52 ; tliat ol' Quitman, whicli was alianiloneil ; 
and that of Walker against Nicarasrm. Prom- 
inent in the late Cuban revoI.,and manager of 
cxped«. from the U.S., in an evil hour he 
visited the insurgent camp, was made prisoner, 
cruoHy irratiil, and exccnied the next day. 

Goldsborough, Cihries W.. gov. of 
Md. in lbl.s-19. and .M.C. ISO.3-17; d. Shoal 
Creek. Md., Dee. 1.3, 18.34. — Z"»mf(H. 

Goldsborough, Charles W., chief of 
the bureau of provisions and clothing of the 
navvdcpt., b. Canil)ridge, Md., April 18, 1779 ; 
d. Washington, D.C., Dec. 14, 1S43. Chief 
clerk of the navy de])t. under Stoddert, 
Smith, and Hamilton ; succeeded Paulding as 
sec. of the naval board until separate bureaus 
•were established. Author of "U.S. Naval 
Chronicle," 8vo. 1824. 

Goldsborough, John R., commo. U. S.N., 
h. Wa-hin-ton, D.C., July 2, 1808. Midshipm. 
Nov. 6, I 824 ; lieut. Sept! 6, 1 837 ; com. Se))!. 
14, 186.T ; capt. Julv 16, 1862; commo. Ajnil 
13, 1867; ret. 2 .July, 1870. While in the 
sloop " Warren," Mediterranean squad., 1824- 
30, was engaged against the Greek pirates, 
capturing, in a launch with 18 men. tlie pirate 
schooner " Hclene," of 4 guns and 58 men ; at- 
tached to loast-survcy, 1844-50; sloop" Sarato- 
ga," E.I. squad. 1851^ ; com. steamer " Union," 
1861; blockading off Charleston, Savannah, 
and Cape Hatteras, and in Potomac flotilla; 
captured and sunk the rebel piratical schooner 
" York," and bombarded a rebel fort off 
Mathias Point, Potomac River; com. steamer 
\' Florida." S. Atl. block, squad., 1862 ; steam- 
•gate " Colorado," W. Gulf block, squad., 
1S3 ; steam-^loop " .Shenandoah," E.I. squad., 
1806-8. — //.7,/,r/s/», 

Goldsborough, Lonis Maleshebbes, 
rear-adni. U S X., b. Washinston, DC, Feb. 

^Ii'd^hi|>m. June IS, 1812; lieut. Jan. 13, 
1825. Obtaining leave of absence, he jiassed 
some time in study at Paris, and in 1827 joined 
the " North Carolina," Capt. Rodgers, in the 
Mediterranean. While cruising in the schoon- 
er "Porpoise" in the Grecian Archiptda^o, 
Lieut. G., with 35 officers and men, in ihc 
schooner's boats, captured a pirate vessel, after 
killing 90 of the pirate crew. In 18.33 he re- 
moved to Fla., taking with him a colony of 
Germans to cultivate lands belonging to his 
father-in-law, William Wirt. During the 
Seminole war he com. a company of mounted 
vols, and also an armed steamer. Sept. 8, 
1841, he was promoted to be commander. lie 
was second in command of the "Ohio" at 
the lioinbardment of Vera Cruz ; com. a body 
of the " Ohio's " crew detailed for shore ser- 
vice at tiie t.iking of Tuspan ; and, after the 
Mexican war, was senior naval member of 
the joint commission of army and naiy officers 
to explore Calilbrnia and Oregon, and report 
on various military matters. Sept. 14, 1 855, 
he became capi. ; supt. U.S. Naval Acad, at 
Aimapolis, 185-3-7; in Aug. 1861 he was 
aiip. fl.ag-oflicer, and pl.aeed in com. of the 
N. A. block, squal. lu " The Minnc>ota." 
With Gen. 13urnside, he com. tho joint tx;jcd. 



V 



to the sounds of N.C., and, for his services in 
the capture of Roanoke Island, received the 
thanks of Congress. He dispersed and de- 
stroyed the Confederate fluet under Com. 
Lynch in tho N.C. waters. Rear-.tdm. July 16, 
1S62; com. Enrojiean squadron, 18G5-7. In 
1862 he prepared a code of regulations for the 
naval service. — lliJimrsfij. 

Goldsborough, Robert, atty.-gen. of 
Md. until 17GS; a delegate to the first Cont. 
Congress in 1774-5; d. Cambridge, Md., Dec. 
31, 1788. Phila. Coll. 1760. 

Gomara (go-ma'-ra), Fraxcisco Lopez 
DE, b. Seville, 1510; d. ab. 1560. Author of 
" Cronica de la Nueva Esp.aiia," 1553, written 
in concise and elegant language. 

Gooch, Sir William, gov. of Va. 1727- 
49, b. Yarmouth, Eng., Oct. 21, 1681 ; d. Dec. 
17, 1751. He was an ofliicer of sn|icrior mili- 
tary talents ; served under JIarlboroni;h and in 
tht rebellion of 1715 ; and in 1740 com. in the 
unsuccessful attack on Carthagcna, where his 
wounds and the climate greatly impaired his 
health. He was app. a brig.-gcn. in 1745 in 
the army raised for the invasion of Canada, 
but declined the office ; was the same year 
created a ban. ; in 1747 a maj.-gen. ; and re- 
turned to Eng. in Aug. 1749. It was said of 
him that he was the only gov. abroad against 
whom inhabitant or merchant never com- 
plained. — Bclliam. 

Goodell, William, D. D. (Ham. Coll. 
1854), mis-ionarv, b. Templeton,M3., Feb. 14, 
1792; d. Phila."Feb. 18, 1867. Dartm. Coll. 
1817 ; And. Theol. Scm. 1820. He labored as 
a missionary, among the Cherokees and Choc- 
taws; was ord. Sejjt. 12, 1822; w.as stationed 
at Beirout 5 years, passing through great perils ; 
removed to Constantinople in 1831, narrowdy 
escaping with life from a groat conflagration 
there; and was obliged, from ])esti'enre, perse- 
cutions, &c., to pack up and move his residence 
33 times in 29 years. In Nov. 1841, he fin- 
ished translating the Old Testament into the 
Armeno-Turkisli language, and tho New two 
vears later. He revised this labor, completing 
It in Feb. 1863, and returned to the U.S. in 
1865. His " Reminiscences of the Missiona- 
ry's Early Life " was pnb. in the iV. Y. Observer. 

Goodenow, Jonx M., b. Ms.; d. Sieuben- 
ville, 0. An early settler in Jefferson Co., 0.; 
served in the legisl., and held otl>cr offices ; 
M.C. 1829-31 ; judge Supreme Court 1831-2. 
He had a large jnactice at the bar. He pub. 
in 1819 " American Jurisprudence in Contrast 
with the Doctrine of Eng. Common Law." — 
A. T. Gondwav, 

Goodhue, Benjamin, merchant and poli- 
tician, b. Salem, Ms., Oct. 1, 1748; d there Ju- 
lv 28, 1814. U.U. 1766. State senator from 
1784 to 1789 ; M.C. 1789-91, and, assisted by 
Mr. Filzsimmons of Phila., formed a code of 
revenue laws, the majoritv of wdiich have never 
been abroL'aled ; U.S. senator 1796-1800. 

Goodrich, Rev. Charles Augustus, au- 
thor, li. Ki.lgetield, Ct., 1790; d. Hartford, Ct., 
Jan. 4, 1862. Yale Coll. 1812. Son of Rev. 
Samuel, and elder brother of Samuel G., with 
whom lie was associated in preparing his books 
for ihe young. Ord. in 1816, he wsis pastor of 
the 1st Cong. CUmeh, Worcester, in 1816-20, 



aoo 



368 



GOO 



lien sclUcd in Berlin, and in l848Bt Hartford. 
JIc wan once a mc.nber of the State scnitie. 
}h',\.vou.d l,„nself to literary pursuits, wrote 
of^L \77^-!^'?. •;\'-.""V' n school •• Ili„orv 
°nM H-^' L-n.versal Traveller," and 

ist" si !"?■!' "^ •'r-"'^"'" "^''"""y Tour- 

• '.?■*?,%. '^"^■"' I^™"<s of American His- 

torv; "View of all Helicons." 8vo. 1829 • 

nin^^"^'"?'"'",'."^'"" • " " *>'"""«•' of Go. 

&L,7s.^5"'''™''^' '"'''''"•' ^"•-^''-'- 

L ^°^'^f}°^' v''^",';" "''■*"■ "<■ Fl'"*hins. 
nan/rni f- ^- Coll..l849. A chemist and 
\V 1 . re" *^™'" attainments ; p„h. ■' The 
Wurldo, Science Art, and InduMrl-, edited by 

»md .Mechanism in«strated."4to, 1854. — ^IW- 

Goodrich, Chauncet Allen, DD 
(Broun I. I8.).i). theolo;ri:,n and lexieoffVa: 

1.90, d. there Fch. 25, 18C0. Y. Coll. I8I0 
Tutor there 1812-14; studied <heolo(>v; vvas 
settled at Muldletown 1816-17, l,„t left from 
■II healih. Prof of rhetoric at Y.C. 181 t'iS 

I rmi'Jh n ?'"■'■'' t-rammar, which went 

through many editions; n 18.32 his •• Lmin 

Zc,!r'-r "IT""'^;' '"} '«^9heest«hl^ S 
the Chnsl,,,,, Quart.,/,, S/xctutor, of which he 
was sole editor until about 1 S.36. In 1 852 he 
pub. a compilaiion entitled " Select British 
Loquence." I„ 1828 Dr. Noah Webster (his 
raiher-in-law) intrusted to him the siiperintend- 
Z\1 ' "i',""-;!^'"-"' °f '- l«'-.4 dic'tion. 
ary m j. l Worcester, with discrctionarv 
power .0 conform the orthojraphv mo,^ near y 
to the common sran.lard. His revised cdi.ions 
o Webster's Dictionaries were issued in isi 
the University edition in 1856, and in 1859 the 
suppUMnent enriched with an elaborate collei 
tion of .synonymes. At the time of his death 
he was cnj..a;.-ed on a r.ndical revision of Web! 
sters Dictionary, which was pnb. in 1864 He 
wa.s oncof the largest pecuniary k-nefactors 
of the theol. dept. of Y. C. In 1820 he was 
chosen pres. of Wras. Coll., but declined A 
cominemoralivc discourse, by Pres. Woolsev 
has been pub. in pamphlet" form, N. Uaven,' 

,-^°°<*^i°h, Elizur. D.D. (X..T. Coll. 
l.S.'i) ,le.-i:ynian and scholar, b. Werhersfield 

1 797. i .C. 1 ,52, and tutor there in ITiiS. A 
WeZr h" N^ ^-n- one of the first settlers of 
Ifiif I'?' •''"?-'.""'"/'■'"" ^Vaterrown almut 
-'^fi'.Mi.' J"'?'."' ^~'" '>i^"rJ in Nov. 
I <56. till his death, he was minister of the Con.' 
church in Durham. Fond of mathem^ cs 
and astronomy, he calenla.cd the eclipses of 

rcihs of 1 ,80 appeared, he drew up a full n„d 
accurate account of it. He pub. 'L.veml J^r 



17 years; was 9 years prx.f of law in TC 
and mayor of New Haven 1803-2-' iW 
< Imm.cry AMen 0,«Klrich was his .,„„. " 

M-..,b.Uos[on, Dec. 14,1826. H.U. IjUj ii- 
corres|K)nded from I'aris with the V Y T;,«', 

jears «nd his letters, entitled " Trieolored 
Sketches of Paris," were pub. N.Y. 1854 JIo 
ms since pub. the ■• Court N.npoleon w th 
Portraits of iu Beauties, Wits, and^ I wjin« " 
; r w' '• • *'"" "I'o" ''«■• Sea, or n His- 



Goodrich. Kli^ir. r.r.D. (Y.C. 1830), 

precc^in.^ Was^'n,or\^.'-;,V'2 t"rr [^^ 
tcred on tke practice of law in New' Haven in 
1783; was kc. 1799-1801 ; jiT^oJf,,: 
County Court 1 2 years ; was « judi;e*lf problte 



---, ........ if^o, linn an illimtrfirfil 

i'n.'-N'.'r'lS.w"'"'""" "'"'^'""■^ """""- 
Goodrich, Sasiuel Grimvold ("Peicr 

r RldJ-fien' ''r' ^"i- °^ ^•"'^'<"' Augustus 
b. Kidjefield, Ci., Aug. 19. 1793; d NY 
City, May 9, 1860. He established himself in' 
business as a publisher, in H.irtfonl, in 1824 
but soon removed to Boston; from 1828 to 
842 he edited •■ The Token ; " from 1827 to 

larle.t. Ho pnb. manv vols, of historical 
and geographieal sel,ooi:iK.oks ; volumes of 
poems in 1836 and "51 ; in 1S57 •• H^ollections 
of a Lifetime, or Men and Things that I lavo 
seen ;",u 1838 a vol. of counsds to parents 
en titled " Fireside Kducation ; "iniS4I asel^S 
tion from his coniribs. to annuals an.l ma-a- 
zines, entitled " Sketches from a Student's wln- 
dow ; "History of all Nations." 2 vols 8vC 
He established .I/.,r,/s .l/,^„„' and PaZ°, 
.l/;'3.,an,| edited it from 1841 to 1854. Of 
1,0 volumes written or edited bv hiiu. J 16^ i 
of which bear the name of Peter ParUT -^ 
, ,000,000 copies have be^en sold. He w,s ],'tW - 
time in the senate of Ms., and was co.u. Jic^ 
I ans during Fillmore's ....Iministration. mT^T^ 
at Pans he pub. ,n French a treatise on .Tnier 
geography and history. On l.is retnri^ he pr^ 
pared an elalxirato illustrated " llisibrv of the 
Animal King.lom," 2 vols. 1859. He had 
crosse.1 the Atlantic 16 times. 

Goodwin, Icuabod, b. S. Berwick, Me 
Slay 25. 1 ,4T ; ,1. i(,cre Mav 25. 1829 'Thos ' 
his ^ran.lfather came over in 1660, and settled 
in Berwick. lIis (i.thcr, Ich.ilwd, b. 1700 
W.U a memkrof the (Jen, Court in 1754 waJ 
" ?l"u«"'' «vas wounded at Tic-ondero;,;, in 
1.58. His son, who aceomp. him in this expt-d 
became an active Whig; was a meinbeV of 
llie Prov. Congress in 1775-7; lieul.^ol. of 
Gerrish s ^ ork Co. r^g,., having charge of the 
Saratoga prisoners; mnj.-gen. of militia. 1783- 
1815 member of the Gen. Court in 1792 
and sheriff of York Co. 1 79.V1 820. Gov. ch- 
ab.^1 of N H. (1860-1) is a nephew. 

Ms ?°s'l'^?\v '"'^' '"">■"' '"• PIvmouth. 
. y ,, ■ '■ V '"■'■'^■s"-'r. t>ept. 16, 1832. He 
studied l.-iw in the office of Ju.lge Thomas of 
Pl\ mouth ; settled hrst in Sierling, and in 1826 
in ?\orees.cr. He pub. "The Town Officer," 
a work on the duties of sheriffs, cotx-ne,;, 
and constables; was a councillor of the Amer 
Antiquarian Society, ami was well informed in 
Jhe antiquities of N. England. Author of 

History of the Town of Sterling. "_.Y)? 
M'in. 111.. 349. 

Goodwin, Joii.v Noble, b. S. Berwick. 



GOO 



369 



G-OR 



Me., Oct. 19, 1824. Pnrtm. Coll. 1844. Be- 
gan )>racticc of law at S. Berwick in 1848; 
was a Slate senator in 1854; .M.C. 1861-3; 
chief justice of Arizona Territory 185-3; gov. 
from Aug. 186.1 lo Sept. 1865 ; it's delegate to 
Congress 186.5-7. 

■ Goodwin, Nathaniel, genealogist, b. 
Ilartlijnl, Mar. 5, 1782 ; il. there May 29, 1855. 
])i.'<conik-(l from Ozias, one of the first settlers 
of H., who il. 1683, a. 87. He was apprenticed 
to a printer in Albany, and was a teacher and 
a land-surveyor. At Hartford he was many 
years treasurer, judge of probate, andclerk ; was 
much employed in the settlement of intestate 
estates; and was a man of great ])robity. He 
pub. an account of the " Descendants of Thos. 
Oleott," '; The Foote Family," and " Genea- 
logical Notes of Some of the First Settlers of 
Ct. and Ms.," 1856, to which a Memoir is pre- 
fixed. 

Goodyear, Chakles, inventor, b. New 
Haven, Ct., Dec. 29, 1800; d. N.Y. City, July 
1, 1860. He attended a public school, and as- 
sisted his f.ither in the manufacture of hard- 
ware. His early experiments in the manufac- 
ture of india-rubber were carried on at New 
Haven, Roxbury, Lynn, Boston, and Woburn, 
Ms., and N.Y. City. His first important dis- 
covery was in 1836, being a method of treating 
the surface of native rubber by dipping it into 
a preiiaration of nitric acid. This process 
was used extensively in the manufacture of 
shoes, until it was superseded by his discovery 
of the superior method of vulcanization, au. 
Jan. 1839. This process soon occupied his 
whole attention. His patents were more than 
8Q in number. His first vulcanization patent 
«<|tissued in France, Apr. 1 6, 1 844. He had bef. 
hiSeath, in an advanr'cd stage of preparation, 
n vol lipon India-Rubber and Vulcanization. 
Goodyear obtained the great council medal of 
the Exhiliition of all Nations at Lond. iu 1851; 
the grand medal of the World's Exhibition at 
Paris, and the ribbon of the Legion of Honor, 
presentcil by Napoleon IH. in 1855, returning 
to the U.S. in 1853. " He lived to see his ma- 
terial .Tpplied to nearly 500 uses, and to give 
employment in Eng , France, Germany, and 
tlie U.S., to 60,000 persons " — 6>e li. K. Pierce, 
7'rials 'if an Inventor, N.Y. 1866 ; Parlon's 
Famous Aiiirricans, 1867. 

Gookin, Daniel, soldier and autlior, b. 
Kent, ling., ab. 1612; d. Cambridge. Ms., 
Mar. 19, 1687. He came with his father to 
Vn. in 1621. During the terrible Indian 
massacre of Afar. 1622, Gookin, with 35 men, 
held his plantation, now Newport News, 
against the savages. In May, 1644, in conse- 
quence of his sympathy with the Puritans, he 
setded in Ms. ; was .soon after app. a capl. of 
militia; mcmberfrom Cambridge of the house 
of deputies; speaker in 1651 ; and in 1652 was 
chosen assist, or magistrate. In 1656 he be- 
came supt. of all the Indians who had submit- 
ted to the govt of Ms., and l)ceame unpopular 
for the protection, which, as a magistrate, he 
extended to the Indians. He visited Eng. in 
1656, and was authorized by Cromwell to invite 
the people of N. Eng. to colonize Jamaica. 
He went there again in 1657. Returning 
in 1660 with the fugitive regicides Goife and 



Whalley, he protected them in 1661 ; was ono 
of the licensers of the Cambridge ])rinting- 
press in 1662; and in 1681 was made niaj.- 
gen. of the Colony. He took an active part 
on the side of the people against the meas- 
ures which terminated in the witlidrawal 
of the Colonial charter in 1686. He d. so 
poor, that John Eliot solicited from Robert 
Royle a gift of .£10 for his widow. His 
" Historical Collections of the Indians uf Ms.," 
written in 1674, was pub. by the Ms. Hist. So- 
ciety in 1792 ; also author of a " Hist, of New 
England," never pub., the fate of which is un- 
known. 

Gordon, George Hknrv, lawyer and sol- 
dier, b. Chariest., Ms., 1 9 July, 1 825. West Pt. 
1846. Entering the mounted rifles, he served 
under Gen. Scott in the Mexican war, and was 
brev. 1st lieut. for gallantry at Ccrro Gordo, 
where he .was severely wounded. Made 1st lieut. 
in 1853, he resigned in 1854; entered the Cam- 
bridge Law School ; Avas adm. to the bar ; prac- 
tised in Boston until 1861, when he raised the 
2d Ms. vols , was made col., and was made mil- 
itary gov. of Harper's Ferry. In 1862 he 
com. a brigade under Gen. Banks, and, for his 
conduct in the retreat from Stiasbnrg to Wil- 
liamsport, was made brig. -gen. of vols. June9, 
1862. He was at the second battle of Bull 
Run, and at Antietam fought with liis brigade 
in Gen. A. S. Williams's division of Mansfield's 
corps; eugaged in operations ab. Charleston 
harbor, Aug. 1863 to Apr. 1864; against Mo- 
bile in" Aug. 1864; and brev. maj. -gen. vols. 
9 Apr. 1865 for merit, services. Connsellorat 
law in Boston since 1865; now U.S. collector 
7thdist. — 0(//»H!. 

Gordon, Sir James Alexander, a Brit, 
adm.; d. gov. of Greenwich Hospital, 8 Jan. 
1809, a. 87. Entering the navy in 1798, he 
became fleet-adm. in 1868 ; gov. of Gr. Hosp. 
1853. He was in the battle of the Nile, the 
battle of Lissa, for which he received a gold 
medal and a pension ; lost a leg in the capture 
of the French frigate " La Pomone ; " in Aug. 
1814 com. the squad, which entered the Poto- 
mac, and captured Alexandria, D.C.; and was 
in the operations against N. Orleans 1814-15. 

Gordon, Ret. J\mes Bentlev, author 
of " An Hi»t. and Geog. Memoir of the N. 
Amer. Continent, its Nations and Tribes, with 
an Acct. of Ids Life, by Thomas Jones," Dub- 
lin, 4to, 1820. 

Gordon, Patrick, gov. of l\a. from June, 
1726, to bis d. Phila. Aug. 5, 1736, a. 72. He 
was bred to .inns, and served. from his youth 
to near the close of Queen Anne's reign wiih 
u high rejiutation, and was a popular gov. Ho 
pub. "'I wo Indian Treaties at Concstogoe, 
1728," Phila. fol, 1728. 

Gordon, Thomas, b. Pitlochie, Scotland ; 
d. Amboy, N. .!., 1722. He came to N.J. in 
1684, and settled at Scotch Plains. Atty.-gen. 
of E. Jersey, 1698; chief sec. and register 
1702; licensed as an attorney in 1704; rep- 
resentative and speaker of the assembly ; app. 
chief justice in 1709 ; and was afterward rcceiv- 
cr-gen. and treasurer of the Province. — FiiUh's 
Prov. Crmrls in N. ./. -f 

Gordon, Thomas F., histoncal and legal 
writer, b. Phila. 1787; d. Beverly, N.J., Jan 17, 



OOR 



370 



OOR 



1800. iMiiiU-r of tlie Pliilii. l^ir, ami niithor 
of" A l)i;^.'stof the Liiwsof tlif U.S. ;" " llis- 
lorv of Pa. lo 1776," ISi'J; " llistorv of X.J. 
lo i7t!9." 1534 ; " llistorv of Aiiu-rica," 1831 ; 
" Cu'iinci of AtnpriiMii llistorv ;" " llistorv of 
Amitiit .M. .xico." 1S3J ; " Ciaz. of N J.," l!i.34 ; 
"(i.i?.. of \.Y.," 8vo, 18;i6; nnd of I'a. 1839. 

Gordon, Wh.li.im, 1)1). (N J. Coll. 
I77s<), cli'r;;Mnan iiiul liistorian, b. Ilik-hin, 
Ell-.. 17;!0;"il. l|is«ich, Eiij;., Oct 19, ISO". 
Il<- WHS >i;ttli!cl over n larj;c Incle|>cn(lviii .<iM'ic- 
ty at Ipswicli ; aflerwaril at Old {Iravol Lane, 
VVapiiin;; ; aiul came to Amer. in 1770. After 
preaeliins a year lo tiie 3il Cluireh in Rox- 
bury. lie was ord. there July G, 1772. Dnriiis; 
the Revol. he took an active part in public 
measures, and, while chaplain to the I'ror. 
Con!,'ress of Ms., prcaclieil a Fast scrinon, 
stroni;ly cxprcs.sinK his political sentiments. 
He was dismissed from this jiost, as the leirisl. 
re;,'anleil his prayers as intended rather to 
dictate their measures than to iinploiv the 
divine direction on them. Returniu); to En;;. 
in 178l'>, he in 1788 puh. his " History of the 
Rise, I'lo^rrcss, and Establishment of the In- 
dependence of the U. S," in 4 vols. 8vo, a 
ininulu and generally faithful narrative of 
facts. This work produced him 300 ponnils. 
Its value, however, was impaired by the o.\pur- 
gation of such passages as ini;,'lit endanger 
prosccniion. Subse<|ucutly settled ac St. Xeot's, 
Huntingdonsliire. The failure of his nieuial 
powers caused his resignation, and removal to 
ills conneeiioris at Ipswich. He pub. a plan of 
n .-oeiety for m. iking provision tor widows by 
life-annuities. 1772; liie first anniversary ser- 
mon alu'r the Decl. of Indep. July 4, 1777 ; an 
niM'idginent of Edwards on " The AtHrclions; " 
and a nuinl)er of sermons. — ^ee Waterhotis^'s 
Junius. 

Gore, Christopher. LL.D. (II.D. 1809), 
gov. of .\ls. in 1809, b. Boston, Sept. 21, 1758 ; 
d.Waltham. Mar. 1,1827. H.U. 1776. Son of 
Cnpt. John Gore. He stmlicd law with .Judge 
Lowell, and soon ac(|uired a lucrative practice. 
Ill I7S9 he was app. by Washington the first 
US. aity. for the dist. of Ms.; which post he 
held until 1796, when he, with Win. I'inckncy, 
was app. coiumissioncr under Jay's treaty to 
settle the Amer. claims uiion Eng. for s|>olia- 
tioiis. Left bv Rufus King in 1803 cJiuiyf 
{fajfiiires, he in 1804 returned home. Was 
a inembcr of both branches of the legisl., and 
U.S. senator in 1814-17. He made valuable 
bequests lo the Amer. Acad, and the Hist. Soc., 
ol which he was a mcral>er ; and he made Ilurv. 
Coll., of which institution he had been a 
fellow and trustee, his resiil. legatee. He was 
lor a time the Iczal tutor and advi.>er of 
Daniel Webster. He pub. a Masonic oration 
1781. 

Gorges (gor'-jOz), Sib FERniXASDO, of 
Ashloii I'liillips. Somerset Co , Eng., lord-pro- 
prietary of the I'rnvinee of Ale.; d. at an ad- 
vanced age in 1047. He participated in the 
conspiracy of Essex, against whom he tes- 
tified on his trial in 1601 ; served in the navy 
during the war with Spain ; and after the 
iieaco, in 1604. was app. gov of Plymouth. 
Ill I GOO the London and the I'lymouih Com- 
puuies were iucorporated, between which was 



divided the territory extending 50 miles in- 
land, from ihe 34th to the 45tb panillel X. 
lat. His portion was styled Xortli Virginia. 
He sent several unsuccessful expe<litions, un- 
der Capt. John Smith and olliors, to colonize 
this territory ; but in 1G16 sent Richard Vines 
with o parly, which encamiK-d on the River 
Siico thnniu'h the winter; and in IGI9-20 
Capt. Denner innilc the voyage. The Ix>nd. 
Company, from whom the Pilgrims obtained 
their original patent, having inciirn-d the re- 
sentment of the king, ftorges and his associates 
obtained in 1G20 an increase of territory ex- 
tending westwaril from sen to sea, betwtvn the 
40ili and 48th parallels N. lat. With J.>lm 
Mason, he took grants of the district called 
L;iconin. Iionnded bv the Merriiniic, the Ken- 
nebec, the ocean, ami " the r'vcr of Canada , " 
anil settlements were attempted. His son, 
Capt. Robert Oorges, was in lG23app. by the 
council for X.E. "gen. gov. of the country." 
This council n-signcd its chnrtcr lo the king in 
1G35. Sir F. obtaineil from the king a charter 
constituting hiin lonl-pr^prielary of the Prov- 
ince of .Maine, with extraonlinnry ;;overn- 
mentnl powers; and sent his nephew Thomas to 
be dep.-gov. The province was diviited into 
2 counties, of which Agi\menticns (now York) 
and Saco were respectively the principal set- 
tlements. On Gorgcs's deiit'i, the |Kople re- 
peatedly wrote to his heirs; iiiit, as no answer 
was received, they lormeil tbeins«'lvcs into a 
body politic, and siibinitte<l to the jiiris<lietion 
of .Ms. The account of his eoiinenion with 
the settlement of X.E is conruincd in the 
work of his grnmlson I'erdinando 

Gorges, Kerdis.vndo, of Westminster, 
son of iJidin, and grnmlson of Sir Fenlinando, 
h. Loflas, Essex ; d. Jan. 2.5. 1718, a. H9. He 
in. Mary, eldest sister of Gov. .John Archdalc 
of S. C. He pill). " Anierie.i Painl.d lo the 
Life," Lond. 1CJ9. In 1G77 be sold to Ms. for 
1,2.V1 (Mjiiihls his ri^'hts to the Prov. of .Mc. 

Crorham, Benjamin, lawyer, h. Charles- 
town, Ms.. Feb. 1.1, 177.'i ; d. B'oston, Sept. 27, 
185."). H.U. 1795. Son of Xathaniel, pre». 
of Congress. He studied law « itb Tlieophilns 
Parsons, and rose to eminence at the Bos:on 
bar. MC. 1820-3, 1827-.T Land 1833-5. lie 
was afterwards, for a short time, member of the 
State legisl. 

Gorham, .Tons, M.D., phvsieinn. h. Bos- 
ton, Fell. 24, 178.3: d. iberc March 29. 1829. 
H U. ISill. He slii.li.,l in F.dinbnr-h; was 
made a.linnct prof, of chcinisirv and materia 
niwlica at H.U. in IS09; and in 1815 prof of 
chemistry ami inini-ralogy. He pub. " Ele- 
nunt^ of Chemical Science," 2 vols. 8vo. 1819; 
"I.iaiig. Address." |S17. 

Gorham, Xatii.\siel. statesman, h. 
CImilesiown, Ms., May 27, 1738; d. Jiine II, 
179G. With n com. school education, he s. i- 
lleil in business in his native town ; was its 
representative in 1771-5 ; delegate lo the Prov. 
Congress. 1774-5; again a inemlier of the 
l-cisl.. and a inemlier of the IwanI of war from 
1778 until its dissolution; a delegate to the 
S'ate Const. Conv. in 1779; a dele'.'ale to 
the Old Congress in 1782-3 and in 17H5-7, 
and chosen its pres June 4, 1786; several 
years a judi;* of the C.C.P. In the conveii- 



GOR 



371 



GOT 



tion wlikli fnimcd the Ft-dcrnl Constitution 
Ik* took lii:;Ii ranli. and, when in com. of the 
wl.olc, was called by Wasliin-ton to til! the 
chair lur .3 rnoiitlis. He afterward exerted a 
] oWiTfnl iiillucnce in sccnriTii; the adoption of 
ihe C'onstiuition in the State Convention. In 
connection nith Oliver Phelps, he purchased an 
iuiniensc iract of land on the Genesee Hiver, 
now coniprisini; 10 or 12 conniies in the State 
of X.Y. Of this tract, his eldest son Nathaniel 
was a pioneer settler. He d. at Canandaigua, 
Oct 22, 1 826. 

Gorman, Willis Arnold, lawyer and 
soldier, b. near Flemin^sbur;;, Kv., Jan. 12, 
ISU. He studied law, and in "182.5 bc^an 
practice at Bloomington, Ind. In 1837-8 he 
was clerk of the Ind. senate ; was several years 
in the State Icgisl., and, on the lircaking-oul 
of the Mexican war, became maj. 3d Ind. vols. 
At Buena Vigta he com. an independent hatt. 
In 1847 he raised the 4th Ind. vols.,whicli he 
com. in several battles; and in 1848 was civil 
and military gov. of Puebla. He was a Uenioc. 
JI.C. in 1849-.")3; and was gov. of Minnesota 
Terr, in 18.")3-7; member of its const, eonv. in 
1857 ; and practised law at St. Paul until in 
1801 chosen col. 1st Minn. vols. App. brig.- 
gen. Sept. 7, 1861. He was in the battles of 
Bull's Blutr and West Point; led a bayonet 
charge at Fair Oaks, and had a brigade in 
Howard's division of the 2d corps at Antietnm. 

Gorton, Sajicel, the first settler of War- 
wick. IM , li. Gorton, Eng., ah. 1600; d. R.I. 
Nov. or Dec. 1677. He had some education, 
ami was a clothier in Lond. until 1636, when 
he embarked for Boston, where he remained 
until religious dis])utes caused him to remove 
to Plymouth. He there began to preach such 
peculiar doctrines, that he was banished from 
the (.'olony for heresy in the winter of 1637-8. 
He then with a few followers went to Aquidneck 
(U.I.), hut was publicly whippeil for calling 
the magistrates "just asses," and for other 
contemptuous acts, and ah. 1641 was forced to 
take refuge with Roger Williams at Providence. 
Becoming obnoxious here by involving him- 
self in the disputes of the colonists on questions 
of boundary, he removed in Sept. 1642 to Shaw- 
omet, on the west side of Narraf;ansctt Bay, 
where he bought land of the sachem Mianio- 
nomo. In June, 1643, two inferior saibcms 
contested his claim to the land, and applied to 
Boston for assistance. Forty soldiers were 
marched to Shawomet ; and Gorton and 10 of 
Ids followers taken prisoners to Boston, Oct. 
13, where they were tried as " damnable here- 
tics," and sentenced to confinement, and hard 
labor in irons. In March, 1644, they were re- 
leased, and ordered to leave the colony. Gor- 
ton went to Eng. for redress, and ]irocured 
from the Earl of Warwick an order that his 
people should be allowed peaceable possession 
of their lands at Shawomet. Refiirning to his 
colony in 1648, he named it Warwick. He 
discharu'cd many ini]iortant civil offices ; an<l 
on Sundays preached to the colonists and In- 
dians. Samuel, one of his sons, lived to the 
aiie of 94. His sect survived him about a 
century. Gorton pub. " Simplicilie's Defence 
against Seven-lleaded Policy," a vindication 
of bis course in N.K. 1646 ; " An Incorruptible 



Key composed of the CX. Psalm," 1647 , 
" Saltmarsh returned from the Dead," 1655; 
" An Antidote against the Common Plague of 
the World," 1657 ; " Certain Copies of Letters," 
He also left in MS. "A Commentarv 



on a Part of the Gospel of St. Matthe 

See /lis LiJ, 

Amflr. Hioif. 



Macfcie, in iSpfirhs 



Gosnold, Bartholomew, an English 
voya;;er lo Amer. ; d. Va. Aug. 22, 1607. 
After the failure of Raleigh, in which he was 
concerned, to colonize Va., he com. an exped., 
fitted out at the cost of the Earl of South- 
ampton, for planting a colony in N.E. Mar. 
26, 1602, he sailed from Falmouth with OU':^ 
small vessel and 20 colonists. Instead of 
sailing, as usual, by the Canaries and West In- 
dies, he steered directly across the Atlantic, 
reached Ms. Bay 14 May, and landed on Cape 
Cod, which he named. Sailing around the 
Cape, and slopping at the island now known 
as No Man's Land, Gosnold landed at the 
mouih of Buzzard's Bay, and planted his 
colony on an island which he christened Eliz- 
abeth, and now known l)y its Indian name of 
Cuttyliunk. The hostility of the Indians, 
scarcity of provisions, and disputes ab. a divis- 
ion of profits, iliscouruged them; and they re- 
turned to Eng., where they arrived 23 July, 
taking a cargo of sassafras-root, then hi-rhly 
esteemed as a medicine, cedar, furs, and other 
commodities. Gosnold then organized a com- 
pany for colonization in Va., led by Wing- 
tield, Hunt, and Capt. .lohn Smith. A charter 
was granted them by James I., Apr. 10, 1606 
the first under which the English were planted 
in Amer. ; and Dec. 19, 1606, he sailed with 3 
small vessels and 105 adventurers, only 12 of 
whom were laborers. After a tedious voyage, 
they sailed up the James River, which they 
named after the king ; landed ab. 50 miles above 
its mouth, and founded Jamestown, notwith- 
standing' the remonstrances of Gosnold on ac- 
count of its unhealthy situation on low, marshy 
ground. Sickness and other causes destroyed 50 
of their number 4)efore autumn, among them 
the i>rojpi'tor of the colony. 

Gosse, Philip Henry, an Eng. zoologist, 
h. W.irecter. Apr. 6, 1810. He resided in 
Newfonndlaud in 1827-35, occupied in mer- 
cantile pursuits, and coUectinj' insects, and 
making colored drawings of them. He re- 
moved to L. Canada, where he studied ento- 
mology 3 years, and afterwards travelled in 
the U.S., making in Alabama numerous draw- 
ings of its li-pidopter(i. Returning to Eng. in 
1839,hepub."The Canadian Naturalist," 1840. 
Visiting Jamaica in 1844, he [luh. " Birds of 
Jamaica," and " Naturalist's Sojourn in Jamai- 
ca ; " in 1849 an " Introduction to Zoology ; " 
"Rambles of a Naturalist on the Devonshire 
Coast" in 1853; the " Aquarium," 1854 ; ths 
first part of a " Manual of Mosaic Zofilogy " 
in 1856; in 1859 "Letters from Alabama." 
chieHy upon natural history ; and in 1860 
" llistorv of British Sea-Anemonesand Coral-." 
Ch.isen "a fellow of the Roy. Soc. in 1850 

GottSChalk, Loins .\IoHEAU, pianist an I 
composer, b. N. Orleans, 8 Mav, 1829; d. near 
Rio Janeiro, Dec. 18, 1869. Sent to Paris f.,r 
instruction in music in 1841, he made his first 



Gorr 



372 



GOTJ 



puhlic nppcnrance «s a pinnist in Apr. 1845. 
Alter SL'Voral proll'ssionnl toiiri in Kiiru|>c, ho 
rcliirncil to the US. Jan. ISSl ; ).'.ive his first 
concert in N.V. in Kch. 18."i.i; ami afterward 
aiipcarcil periodically there and in oilier Amer. 
cities.. Hccoiii|Miscd the linmlwild, lidniiiinier, 
liaiijo, and other pinnolorie pieces representiii;; 
Southern lile, also the A/iolli^Kte, Slnrrhe ile 
Xiiil, Vliaiil lie Sulilil, &c. His sivie of plavins; 
was brilliant in ihu exlremo. He eoiitriii. to 
the Allinlii- Mo:illi/i/ " Notes of a Pianist." 

Gouge, WiLLi.vM M., editor /'/i/Ai Gny-tle, 
author, and for .10 years conneeteil with tho 
triasurv dcpt. \Vashinj;ton, b. I'hila. Nov. 
in, 1796; d. Trenton. N. J., Julv 14. 1«63. 
He puh. " A Fiscal History of Texa-," 8vo, 
1852; "History of the Amer. Banking Sys- 
tem," 18.35 ; " ExiMjdiency of di.spensinjr with 
Bank Agency and with 'Bank l^iper," 18.')7. 
He edited several journals, and (or .'JO years 
contrib. articles on bankin-; to various journals. 

Qough, John B, lecturer on temperance, 
b. Sanil;;aie, Kent, Kiij:., Au^. 22, 1817. His 
|)nrenl» were poor, and he contrib., by exercis- 
in;» his talent as a reader, to their scanty re- 
sources. At 12 he came to Amer. a.s appren- 
tice to a tradesman, with whom he settleil 
on a farm in Oneida Co., N.Y. In IJec. 18-31 
he obtained employment in N.Y. City as a 
bookbinder. He soon fell into habits of dissi- 
pation, and was fre(]uently thrown out of em- 
ployment. To such de;jradatioii did he sink, 
that, ni>^\n after iMLjIit, he san;; comic son;r9, 
and played the bulfoon, to the hiihitnis of the 
lowest Krog-shops. who in return supplied him 
with drink. He ui. in 18)9. and beiaine a 
bookbinder on his own account; but intemper- 
ance ])reventcd his success. He had suti'ercd 
from delirium tremens, had lost his wife and 
child, anil was rciliiced to the utmost misery, 
when a Quaker invited him in the street to take 
the tein|icrance pleil^. Having; told his story 
at a temperance-meeting, he at once became a 
leading orator in the temperance cause. In 

1842 some of his former companions induced 
him to violate his pledge ; and lie confessed the 
fact at a public meeting at Worcester. Since 

1843 he lias labored incessantly in behalf of 
teinjierance, with ability and smress. In IS.'iS 
he went to Eng.. spokeand lectured in London 
and in the principal towns, creating a remark- 
able impression. His Autobiography and a 
vol. of his orations were pub. in 1845. A 
sketch of his life, l>v Rev. \V. Rcid, was pub. 
in 1854. 

Gould, AtJGUsTC9 Addison, M.I). (H.U. 
l?'ti)), naturalist ami [ihvsician, b. \ew Ips- 
wich. N.ll., Apr. 23, I8«5; d. Boston, Sept. 
15, 1866. H.U. 1825. He practiseil in Boston, 
lectured frequently on scientific subjects, and 
for 2 years taught botany and zmilogy at 
H.U. Ill 1855 he delivered the annual' dis- 
course before the Ms. Medical Society, entitled 
" Search out the Secrets of Nature," and in 
1856 became a visiting physician to the Ms. 
Gen. Hospital. Meml)er of many learned so- 
cieties, and pre-eminent as a eoncbologlst. 
He pnb. a translation of De Lamarc's " Genera 
of Shells," 1833; "System of Nat. Hist.," 
1833; translation of ('jail's works; the " In- 
vertebrate Animals of Ms.," 1841; " Principles 



of Zoiilocy," 1848 ; " Mollusca and Shells of 
the U.S. Kxplor. Kxped. under Capt. Wilkes," 
1852 ; the completion of Dr. A. Birncv's 
" Land Mollusksof the U S.," 1851-5 ; " 'fho 
Mollusca of the N. Pacific Kxped. nnderCapts. 
Ringgold and Rogers; "and numerous articles 
in medical magazines, the IJonton JoiirnnI of 
Sal. Ilisl., the Amrr. Joornnl of Srirnrf, aiid 
the Chnslidti llvhir. In 1863 he pub., under 
the title Otin ('uiicliiil<yilra, all the original de- 
scripiions of new s|iccies of shells pub. in his 
various works. He pub. in 1852. in connecticm 
with F. Kidder, " A Hist, of N. Ipswich, N.H." 

Gould, Bknj.vmis Ai-Tiioitp, ,Iun.. astron- 
omer, b. Boston, Sept. 27, 1824. H.U. 1844. 
Gijttingen, 1848 ; Assoc. Roy. Astron. Soc. 
1854. App. director of the Dudley Ob-icrvatorv 
1856. In 1849 he established the Aftnnomiral 
Journal, which he has since edited. He pub. 
" The Solar Parallax ; " " U.S. Naval Astron. 
Exp.,"4to, 1857; " History of the Discovery of 
the Planet Neptune," 8vo, 1850 ; and has con- 
trib. to scientific journals, 

Gould, Edward S., merchant and writer, 
b. Litchfield, Ct., May 11, 1808. Son of Judge 
Jas. Gould. Was an early contrib. of talc? and 
sketches to the KnicierborUrr Mug., to the .Vio 
Worlil, the Minor, the Literun/ World, and 
other journals, and is the tninslator of several 
French works. In 1836 he lectured Ijcfore the 
N.Y. Mercantile Lib. Assoc, on " American 
Criticism in American Literature." In 1843 
he pub. " The Sleep Rider," also an abriilg- 
ment of Alison's " History of Europe," and in 
1850 a comeily, entitled "The Very Age." 
John W. Gould, bro. of EdwanI S., b. Nov. 
14, 1814, d. at sea Oct. 1. 1838, was also a 
successful writer of tales and sketches, some 
of which, entitled " Forecastle Yarns." were 
pub. in 1843. A volume also containing these, 
a biog. sketch, and his private journal of the 
voyage on which he died, was issued by his 
brothers for private ciivulation in 18.'J9. — 
L>,<rl.inrl.: 

Gould, Hassau Fi.ago, poet«s.s, b. Lan- 
caster, Ms., 1789; d. Newbury pfjrt, Sept. 5, 
1865. I)au. of a Revol. soldier, and sister of 
Benjamin A. Gould, a men-hant of Boston, 
who d. Oct. 25, 1860. She removed in early 
life to Newbiiryport. Volumes of her |>oeins 
were pub. in 1832, 1836, and 1841, and were 
much admired. She was afterward a constant 
contributor to the periodical literature of the 
day. In 1846 she pub. "Gathered Leaves," a 
collection of pmse articles. " The Diosina " 
apiicared in 18.50. " The Youth's Coronal " in 
1851, and " Hymns and Poems for Children " 
in 1854. 

Gould, James. LL D. (YC. 1810). jurist, 
b. Braiilord, Ct., 1770; d. Litchfield, Mav 11. 
18.38. Y. C. 1791. He U'caine distin}. in 
early life as a lawyer; was raised to the olBcc 
of judge of the Supreme Court of Cooiiecticut, 
fi-om which office he was displaced by thca(lo|,. 
tion in 1818 of the new Constitution ; was for 
40 years assoc. with .Judge Tapping Hiceve as a 
prof in the Litchfield Law School ; ond, after 
the death of Judge Reeve, continued to conduct 
the school till within a few years of hLs death. 
He pub. " Principles of Pleading in Civil Ac- 
tions," 1832. 



GOXJ 



373 



G-R^ 



Gould, XATHANiiiL D., of Boston, b. Bed- 
fonl, .Ms. Mis iiaiuu wms originiilly Daren. 
Hu took that of liis uncle Gould in 1806. 
Father of Ur. A. A. Gould. Has pub. " Com- 
|ianion to the Psalmist," " National Church 
llaiinony," " Sab School Harmony," " Social 
Harmony," " Sacred Minstrel," "Beauties of 
Writing, ""Writing-Miister's Assistant," "Pro- 
gressive Penmanship," " History of Church 
JIusic in Anioiica," 12mo, 1853. 

Gourgues de (dch-;^oorf'), DoMiNiQDE, 
a cclciiratcil Fionch seaman, b. Mont de Jlar- 
san ail. I5'30; d. 1593, wliile on a journey to 
Lond., whither he was invited by Queen Eliza- 
beth to take com. of an English fleet. Hear- 
ing of the atrocious massacre by the Spaniards 
of the French colonists in Florida, he with 
some a.ssistance equipped a small fleet, and with 
Dpwards of 200 followers sailed in 1567 for 
that country. In conjunction with his Indian 
allies, he totally defeated the Spaniards, and 
took a number of prisoners, whom he hanged. 
The head of Gonrgues was demanded by the 
Spanish king, and he was for a long time con- 
cealed in France. 

Gourlay, Roukrt, Canadian statistician, 
b Scotland. 1778 : d. Edinbureh, 1 Aug. 1863. 
He cainc to Canada in July, 1817. In 1822 he 
pub. " A General Introduction to a Statistical 
Account of Upper Canada, &c." His political 
principles being obnoxious to the ruling powers 
of Canada, he was arrested and imprisoned, 
and finally compelled to retire to the U.S., and 
afterward to Eng. He played a prominent 
part in defence of the right of free speech and 
|iriniin^', in opposition to a tyrannical faction 
in Canada. 

Gouvion, Je.in B.irTi9TE, a French gen., 
b. Toul, Jan. 8, 1747 ; killed June II, 1792, 
near Grisnelle, before Manbeuge. Son of a 
lieut. of police at Toul. Was a lieut. at the 
military school of Mezicres in 1769, and engi- 
neerinl771. He came to Amer. in 1777; served 
on the staff of Lafayette, whose " military 
tutor " he was called ; was app. major and af- 
terwards lieut.-col. of engineers for valuable ser- 
vices; and received a pension for his conduct at 
Yorktown. On his return to France in 1783, 
he was made mnilre-de-camp, and in 1787 adj.- 
gen. Selected in 1789 by Lafayette for maj.- 
gen. of the national guard, of which he was 
commander. He was a dep. in the Nat. As- 
6erably in 1791-2, and was serving as lieut.- 
gen. under Lafayette in the Army of the Cen- 
tre at the time of his death. 

Graham, David, lawyer of New York ; 
d. Nice, Italy, -May 27, 1852, a. 46. He was 
ekilful in criminal cases, and was a commis- 
sioner for framing the new code of procedure 
of N.Y. Author of "Courts of Law and 
Equity in N. Y.," 8vo 1839; "New Trials," 
8vo, 1834 ; new ed. by Graham and Waterman, 
3 vols. 1836 ; " Practice of the N Y. Supreme 
Court," 8vo, 1836. 3d ed., 8vo, 1847. 

Graham, Isakeli^a, philanthropist, b. Lan- 
nrkshins Scotlaml, July 29, 1742; d. N.Y. 
Julv 27, 1814. Miss Marshall received an ex- 
cellent education, married Dr. John Graham 
in 1765, and accompanied him with his regt., 
first to Fort Niagara, and afterwards to Anti- 
gua, where he d. in 1774. She returned to 



Scotland, but in 1789 came to N.Y. and estab- 
lished a school for the instruction of young 
ladies, which she continued many years with 
success. She disting. herself during the latter 
years of her life by her charities, by encoura- 
ging the founding of charitable societies, and 
the establishment of benevolent institutions. 
The most important of them was the Widow's 
Soc, the Orphan Asylum Soc, and the Soc. 
for the Promotion of Industry, and the first 
Sunday school for ignorant adults. She aided 
also in organizing the first misslQuary society 
and the first monthly missionary prayer-meet- 
ing in the city ; was the first pres. of the Mag- 
dalen Society ; systematically visited the in- 
mates of the hospital and the sick female 
convicts in the State Prison ; and distributed 
Bibles and tracts long before there was a Bible 
or tract society in N.Y. Memoirs of her life 
were p\ib by Dr. Mason. 

Graham, James Dcncan, col. U.S.A., 
b. Prince Wm. Co., Va., April 4, 1799; d. 
Boston, Dec. 28, 1865. West Point, 1817. 
His elder bro., Col. Wm. M. Graham, fell at 
Molino del Key, Mexico. Lieut, of art. July, 
1817; asisst. topog. engineer, with rank of 
capt., Jan. 15, 1829; topog. cnuineer, rank 
of major, Sept. 14, 1834; major, July 7, 1838; 
licul.-col. 6 Aug. 1861 ; col. eng. corps, I 
June, 1863. U.S. astronomer in the joint 
boundary demarcation "between the U.S. and 
Texas, l"839-40 ; U.S. coinmiss. for the ex- 
ploration and survey of the N.E. boundary 
of the U.S. Aug. 1840 to March, 1843; U.S. 
astronomer in the joint boundary demarcation 
between the US. and Brit. Provinces, April, 
'43, to Dec. '47 ; for which brev. lieut.-col. Jan, ■ 
1, 1847 ; U S. astronomer in the joint bound, 
com. of U.S. and Mexico, 1851. Author of 
"Report to Joint Commissions of Md.. Pa., 
and Del., relating to Intersection of Boundary- 
Lines of those States," 1850. Member of nu- 
merous historical societies, of the Am. Philos. 
Soc, the Acad, of Natural Sciences, and fellow 
of the Am. Acad, of Arts and Sciences. 

Graham, John Andrew, LL.D., advo- 
cate and author; b. Southbury, Ct., June 10, 
1764; d. N.Y. Aug. 29, 1841. Son of Dr. 
Andrew, Revol. patriot, who d. 1785. He re- 
moved to Rutland, Vt., immediately on his 
admission to the Ct. bar in 1785. Sent to 
England as agent of the diocese to obtain the 
consecration of Bishop Peters from the English 
bishops, he was unsuccessful. Returning to 
Eng. in 1796, he pub. there in 1797 "A De- 
scriptive Sketch of the Present State of Vt," 
and received the degree of LL.D from Aber- 
deen. From 1805 he resiilcd in N.Y., where 
he became disting. for his ability in the defence 
of criminals. A small volume of his ablest 
speeches wa> pub. in 1812. 

Graham, John II., comrao. U.S.N., b. Vt. 
Midsliipm, June 18, 1812; lieut. Mar. 5, 1817; 
connuand. Fel). 28, 1838; capt. Mar. 7, 1849 ; 
commodore (retired list) July 16, 18G2. Served 
under Macdonough in his victory on Lake 
Champlain. Sept. 11, 1814. 

Graham, (Jkn. Joseph, Revol. soldier, b. 
Chester Co.. Pa., Oct. 13, 1759; d. Lincoln 
Co., N.C., Nov. 12, 1836. At the age of 7 he 
accomp. Ilia widowed mother to N.C. Was 



ORA. 



374 



GIIA. 



etliirahil at Charlolte ; enlUted in the 4th 
N I'. rc);t. ill May, I77S; was in llie Iwiltle of 
Sionii in 1779; a|>p. ailj. of the MiH'kK'nhiir;; 
rrL'l. in 178(1; nnci in an nciiun ai Charliitie 
ill llif auiumii of 1781) n-vi'ivi'il 6 salin; and 
:t hiillci woiinils. Uwovoiin;;, '2 iiioiiiIk aliiT 
he nii^t'it a eonitHiiiy of iiiotinti-d riAeiiK'H, 
«iih whom 111' ilcii'ihlfi! tin- ims-n!^- of I'oivans 
Konl, aiiil iHTfoniieil a si-ries ol lieroic ilceds, 
coininandinv in 1 5 I'npiuenii-nt!!, nitaiiiint; the 
rank of major. Kliotcd shi-riffof Meikicnliurg 
alter lli>' war; rre<|iiently represented that county 
ill the State senate ; and siihsi-qiiently enj;at'ed 
ill the inaiiuf. of iron in Lincoln County. He 
i-oiii. a;:ain.-t the Cixek Indians in I8U with 
the rank of inaj.-Ken. His youngest son, Win. 
A., was sw. of the navy. 

Graham, LAWRtscii I'ike, hrer. brii;.- 
pen. U.S A . I). Va. Entered 2d dracoons 
Oct. I.i, I8.'I7; iH'eanie 1st lieut. Jan. IMS; 
engaged in liattle of Lockahalchee, Kla., in 
1842; eapt. Aiiji. 184.3; hrev. luaj. for pillantry 
nt I'alo Alto and liesaen de la I'alina. May 9, 
1846; niiijiir, June 4, 1858 ; lient.-eol. 5ih eav. 
Oct. I, 1861; hrig-peii. vols. Aug. 31. 1862; 
brev. briK.-;:en. U.S.A. for gallantry ami gotal 
rondiiet during the war ; col. 4ih U.S. eav. 
Ma». 1864; and n'tirc<I 9 May, 1864. 

Graham, Svi.vkstkr, vegetarian, b. Suf- 
tield, Ct., I7y4; d. Northampton, Ms., Sept. 
II, 1851. Son of Rev. John; and in child- 
hood was extremely feeble. At 19 he became 
a teacher, continnlng nniil disabled by illness. 
In 1823 he enierwl Amh. Coll., intending to 
enter the ministry ; but, having exhil>iie<l great 
powers of elocution, he was denouno-d as a 
stagc-acior and mad enthusiast. In 1826 he 
m. ; soon after iK-came a preacher in the I'resb. 
church ; was cngn^«l in 18.30 as a teni|>erancc 
Kvturi'r; and stinlii'd phvsiologv and anatomv. 
He pub. in 18.32 his •• Kssay on'the Cholera ;'" 
delivered a course of lectures, pub. in 18.39, 
entiiled "(Graham Lectures of the Srienee of 
Human Life." He also wrote " Bread and 
BreadinakiuL' ; " " A Lectun- to Young Men on 
Chrtstiry;" and "The Philosophy of Sacred 
History," 12mo,only one vol. of which he lived 
to'ompleie. 

Graham, \Vii.li.vm Alkxander, states- 
man. Son of Gen. Joseph, b. Lincoln Co.. 
JT.C. Sept. 5, 1SII4. He was trained to the 
law; entered pnhlie life in 18.33 as a member 
of the Slate legisl., of which he was several 
times elected S|>eakcr: was a U.S. senator in 
1S41-3; gov. in 184.5-9; sec. of the navy under 
I'rcs. Fillmore nniil June, 18.52; and subse- 
quently eanilidalc for the vice-presidency on the 
tick'-t With Gen Si-ott. 

Graham, William Montrose. lieiit.K:«l. 
rS.A.. b. I'rince «in. Co.. Va. ; killed at 
Midino il..| I{cv, 8 Sept. 1847. West I'oint, 
1817. Mi.j. 2d Inf. 16 Feb.; lient.-<.ol. 11th 
Inf. 3 M.ir. 1847 ; dieting, at Fort King and at 
the Imtlle of (^nitblaeiKX-bie in llie Seminole 
war, and severelv woiind«l ; and in all the 
iirineipal Imttlesof Mexico; and brev. miij. and 
iienf.-<.oI. 

Grahame,JAME<i. LL.n.dl U.1 8.39), his- 
torian, b. Glasgow. Dec. 21. 1790; d. Lond. 
July 3, 1842. St .I.ilirrs Coll.. Cambridt'e. 
Ill 1812 was admitted an advocate at the 



Seotti..h bar. After 14 years' practice, !u 
soiiL'ht from ill health a milder climate; .settled 
in the south of Kng., and eommenee<l a History 
of the US. The first two vols ap|ir.ireil in 
1827; a new edition. 4 vols. 8vo. in 1836. bring- 
ing the History to the yeir 1776 ; but its ihor- 
ou;;bly AmcriCiin spirit interfered with its suc- 
cess in Kng., and for sevenil years it was little 
known in the U.S. In 1841 n genial notice 
of bi~ History, by W. H. I'rvscott. ttp|«nred in 
the .V. A. lieiirir. A Pliila. edition of his 
work, in 4 vols. 8vo. ap|>ean.tl in 1845; one in 
2 vols, in 1 846 and 1848; the former containing 
a memoir of Grabanic by Josiali Qiiincy. Mr. 
Quincy also pub. a work eniitled " The Meiii- 
ori' of the Late James Grahame, the Historian 
of the U.S., vindicated from the I'harges of Mr. 
Bancroft," 8vo, B.iston, 1846. In 1837 Mr. 
Grahame underlcHik to continue the History- to 
the close of the Kcvol., but was com|>clleil by 
ill health, toward the close of the year, to ab- 
stain from liiernry lalior of all kinds. His last 
work was a pamphlet entitled " Who is to 
Bbinic '. or Cursorj- Kevicw of the Amerimn 
AiK»lo'.;v for .\merican Aci'cssion to Negro 
Slavery," 8vo, l^md.. 1842. 

Granger, Francis, politician, b. Sufficld, 
Ct.. Dec. 1 , 1 792 ; il. Canandaigiin. NY.. Ang. 
28, 1868. Y. C 1811. Son of Giilcon. pi.st- 
mr.-gcn. Removing to Canandaii'ua, when' ho 
practised law, he was prominent in the anti-Ma- 
sonic movement ; and was in 1826-31 a memlK'r 
of the Gen. Assembly of that State; M.C. in 
18.35-7, 18.39-40, froii'i N.Y. ; app. in .Mar. 1841 
U.S. |)osuiiasti r-genernl. This iiosilinn he re- 
siirned in July. 1841. on Mr. Tyler's action re- 
siiivtin:; the "U.S Bink; ileleg. to th«' Peace 
Convention in Feb. IS6I ; and took an active 
pan in the effort to avert the Relicllion. 

Granger, Giokon. lawverand poliiician, 
b. Siirti,],!, It.. July 19, 1767; d. Caiiandai- 
gua, X.V.. IXr. 31, 1822. Y.C. 1787. Adm. 
to the bar of the Sop. Cimrt of Ct. in I78S, 
where he acquired celebrity; was from 1793 
several years a member of the li-gisl. ; disting. 
himself by his exertions to create its sclioid- 
fund ; U.S. postinaster-Ltn. from 1801 to 1814, 
when lie removed lo N.Y. : State senator from 
1819 to 1821 ; and a promoter of internal im- 
provement!!. Hegavel.tHK) acres of land for 
the bi'iiefit of the Kiie Canal, ilcwas an able 
speaker and fMditical writer. 

Granger, (!ordon, br>'V. maj.-gen. U.S..A , 
b. X.Y. lib. 1825. West I'oint, 1845. Knter- 
ini; 2il Inf , be was irnnsfern'tl to the moiinlcil 
rifles. July 17. 1846; was brev. 1st lieut lor 
gallantry at ConlrvTas and Cbnnibus«H>, Ann. 
20. anil capt. for L'allantry at Cbapultepir, Sept. 
12, 1847; disiing. himself in conflict with the In. 
dians on the Nueces River, April 13,1856; rapj. 
3d Cav. Mav 5, 1861 ; col. 2d Mic h.Cav. 2 Sep. 
1861; brig-gen.vols. Mar.26, 1862. Hescrv^d 
in the West under dens. Hall(.<-k and (irant : 
took part in the liatlles of Wil.son's Cri^ek. lukn, 
and i'orinih ; was made maj.-pi'n. Sei<t. 17, 
1862; cominnndcd the dist. of Central Kv., 
where he did i:oo<l service ; was espi'cially 
distini;. at Cbiikamauu-a, after whiih battle he 
received the com. of the 4th army corps ; cn- 
ga;:cd in the 0|>craiions aliout Cbalt:unMi;:fi ; 
battle of Missionary Ridge, Nov. 23-25. 1863 : 



GRA. 



375 



G-RA. 



Iircv. col. for Chiittiinooga, 24 Xov. 186.1 ; com. 
ilivision iiMil c'li^'aiicil at Kort Gaines, Ala., 
.\r.^'. I |<(U. aiiil Flirt Moiu'iin ; com. (list, of W. 
ria. an.l l)c|.t of (".nil. IS64-5. aniUlili army 
corps in oiicrjitionsen(lin<; inc iptnre of Moiiilc, 
12 .\|)r. l."<6.i, lor wliicli he was lacv. mai.-<^eii. 
r S..\. 1.1 .Mar. 1865 ; col. 15th Inf. Jiily 28, 
isr.r,, _ CiiiuiH. 

Granger, Robert S., brev. m.nj.-scn. 
U.S..\., I.. (Miio, all. 1817. We.st Point. 18.38. 
Entcrin'.; the 1st Inf.. was assist, instructor in 
inf. tactics at West Point from .Tulv, 184.3, to 
An'_'. 1814 ; c.\\>t. 8 Se|)t. 1847 ; major Sept. 9, 
1861, anil bris-u'en. vols. Oct. 20,1862. He 
scrvcil with distinction in Ky. ; was lircv. col. 
tl Oct. 1862, for the battle "ot I.awrcncchnr':, 
Ky. ; joined the Army ot the Cnmlicrland in 
■Ian. 186 ! ; was assi^'ncd to Northern Ala. 
Jnne 1, 1864 ; ilcfeateil Hood at Decatur, Oct. 
27, and earned the hrevet of maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 
186.5. He cajiturcil Ocn. Uoddv's camp near 
Courtland, .Jnlv, I 864. and expi'lled the relicl 
Wlirelir (mm Middle Tenn.. An-.-Sept. 1864; 
licnt-col. I61I1 Inf. 12 June, 186.'). — CiU'im. 

Grant, .\nnk, of Lairnan, authoress, b. 
(;ias;,row, Scotland, 21 Feb. 175.5; d. Edin- 
bnru'h, 7 Nov. 1838. Capt. Mc Vicar, her father, 
took her while an infant to America, where 
she remained till 1768, and, by her intdli- 
jrcnce and conversational powers, obtained the 
friendship of Madam Schuyler and other emi- 
nent inlialiiiants of New York. In 1779 she 
m. Uev. Mr. (Jrant of La^;;an, by whose d. in 
181)1 she was left with the care of a nu- 
merous family. Taking np her pen as a sn|>- 
port, she pub. " Memoirs of an American 
Lady," 2 vols. 1808, a faithful picture of Colo- 
nial manners and scenery; "Letters from the 
Monntains," 3 vols. 1808 ; and " Essays on the 
Superstitions of the Ili;;hlands of Scotland," 
2 vols. 1811. 

Grant, Jamks, of Ballendalloch, a British 
jren., h. 1720; d. Apr. 13. 1806. App inaj. 
of the Mont;xomerie ili;;hlanders in 17.57. In 
Sept. 1758, Maj. Grant marched with 800 men 
to rocoiiuoitre Fort Duijuesne ; was snrpri.-.ed 
and defeated, an I with 19 other officers made 
]irisoner. App. gov. of East Florida in 1760, 
and lient.-<-ol. 40ih Foot: col. May 25, 1772; 
niai -;;en. 1777; lieut.-(:cn. Nov. I 782; jrcn. May, 
1796. In May, 1761, he led the e ped. u;;ainst 
the Cherokees, defcatin;; them in a severe bat- 
tle at Etchoe. At the battle of Ix>ni.' Island, 
An;:. 1776, lie com. the 4ih and 6ih lir!i;adcsof 
the British army. In Dec. 1776 Howe gave 
liim the com. in N.J. at a most critical period : 
the American victories at Trenton and Prince- 
Ion immediately followed. In 1777 he com. 
the 2d briirade of Howe's army ; led the 1st 
and 2d at the Brandy wine; and at Gcrnmntown, 
f)cl 4. forced the left of the American army ro 
give way. In May, 1778, he was detached with 
a stron'.: force to cut off Lafayette on the . 
S liuylkill, but was nnsucc^ssfnl. He defeated 
Lie at Monmouth, and Nov. 4 sailed in com- 
mand of the troops sent fl;;ainst the French 
AV Indies. In Dec. he took St. Lncia ; and in 
1791 was made gov. of .Stirling Castle. Many 
years a member of parliament, where, before the 
lievol., he made the boast that he would lead a 
British regt. from one end of the Colonies to the 



other, the Americans were such cowards. Lata 
in life he was a notorious gourmand, rcfpiiring 
his cook to sleep in the same room with liim. 

Grant, Ulysses Si.mi-sox, Pns. of the 
US., h. Point Pleasant, Ohio, A)ir. 27, 1822. 
West Point. 1843. Sou of Jesse U. and Han- 
nah Simpson Grant of Pa. Eutiring tile 4ih 
Inf, he joined Taylor on the l.'io (iraiide in 
1846. and was in the battles of Palo Alio, Ucsaia 
dela Palma, and Monterey. SubMM|iiciitly join- 
ing Scott before Vera Crii/,, (jrant tooli part 
in every engagement fought between that city 
and Mexico, receiving brevets of I.>t lient. and 
capt. lor meritorious conduct at Jlolino del 
Uiy and Chapuliepec. Made capt. 5 Aug. 
I8.5.J, while serving in Oregon: he resigned 31 
July, 1854, and sctilcd in St. Louis. In 1859 
he removed to Galena, III., where he was en- 
gaged in commercial pursuits when the civil 
war began. lie was one of the first to offer 
his services to his country, and as col. of the 
21st III. vols served activclv in .Mo. Made 
brig.-gen. May 17, 186l.he"was in Aug. as- 
signed to the com. at Cairo. He at once oc- 
cupied I'aducah, Ky. ; and at Belmont hrokc 
up the enemy's camp, opposite his stronghold 
at Columbus. In Feb. 1862 he received com. 
of the land-force destined to attack Fort Hen- 
ry on the Tcuu. Itiver. Too late ty participate 
in its reduction, he immediately moved upon 
Fort Donelsou. For his conduct at the siege 
and capture of this post, he w.is promoted to 
maj. -gen. Fell. 16. lie advanced to Piitshurg 
Landing, where, while aivaiting the arrival of 
Buell with re-enfiircements, he was ati.aked on 
the niorning of Apr. 6 by Gens. A. S. John- 
ston and Beanregaril. After an obstinately- 
contested battle. Grant was driven back toward 
the river, where, by massing his artillery, and 
with the aid of the gunboats, he made a success- 
ful stand. Re-enlorcements arrived during the 
night, the battle was renewed next day. and 
the confederates repulsed with great slaughter. 
He was altenvard second in com. to Gen. II.il- 
leck. In Sept. 1862 he was app. to the com. 
of West Tenn., and fixed his headquarters at 
Jackson. His force there constituted the 13th 
army corps. He com. at luka, 19 Sept. 1862 ; 
in the V ickshnrg campaign, Nov. 4, 1862, to 
July 18, 1863; and made maj. -gen. U.S.A. 4 
July, 1863, the date of the capture of V^icks- 
hurg with its garrison of 31,500; corn, the 
division of the Mpi. 16 Oct. to 2 Mar. 1864. 
when made lieut.gen. for the Chattanooga 
campaign; gen. in-chief. Mar. 17, 1864 ; in the 
Richmond campaign, .May 4, 1864, to Apr. 9, 
1865. the date of I-ee's surrender ; gen. U.S.A. 
25 Jnlv, 1866 ; .sec. of war ad iiilerim 12 Aug. 
1867 to Feb. 1868; inaug. President 4 Slar. 
1869. Grant's most brilliant campaign was 
that in which, tlu'owing himself upon the rear 
of Viekslinrg, he defeated in detail the armies 
of Johnston and Pemlierton, and, cooping np 
thelaiteriu Viiksburg, caused its speeilv sur- 
render. At Mis~iori. Riilge, 25 Nov. 1863, he 
won a spleiuliil victory over Bragg's aruiy, re- 
ceiving thereliir the thanks of Congress, 17 
Dec., also a gold medal.— A'ef /Jmlnt'i's Milit. 
f/ist. of Cen. Giant; Lives of Giwil, In/ C. A. 
PMps. A. />. Ilichardson, anil II. Cuiijiie; and 
ittn of Our Times, fry Mrs. U. B. Slotet. 



O-It^V 



876 



QRA, 



«Li-„ 1 vLL.Con.if dc, a Krencl. ud,„ , b. I'ro- 
tiri-d ilu navy. I„ ,74.. ^|,j,„ ,i^.,„ ^^ ^ 
Irisate hr was cupum.l Uy a Hr.tisl, »hip, aiul 
conhncU n, K„«. „,„il cxcl.an^ed. He T^rvcd 
nnuur Ui balissonicru duriiii; the T-vcars' w,ir 

L"ir'"T' "' •)- '"""'« •■'■Minoro: ""«::„: 

pi^-ed under D'Achu i„ ,!,„ il.rcc. ac. 01.8 «-i,|, 
lucockc ■„ ,1... E. Indies; and lowurtls ,hc 
end o( the war lie was made a aii.t. Wlicn 
tranccf.ine ,0 the as,.si«nce ot America i„ 
!.c s.ru,.^-lc (or Id-er.v, Ue (iras.se w-s made a 

f^"?'"' ". :•' ^•""'- "'>■• -coond division under 

UUr»illiers in the a.tion ol Jnlv 27 1778 
and 7,':-7!l"^:"'>- '^'^^'•vcd wi,l, La Mo.te Picquci 

pri»c. Raised ai leii;4th to the eliief com., he 
u.s.stod at the caj.luie of Tuha«o. Sept. 178l' 
and sailed .luinediatelv ,0 A.uer, the ^reat ob: 
jeet o( his cxped. Ilis coiiduet off the Chesa- 
peake, in the action with A,lm. Unives, and in 
thcnipture ol \orktown, procured lor him .he 
thanks o. Con^-rc'ss (28 Oct.). and a present 
of 4 pieces ol cannon tjiken at Vorktowii 
and gamed him lanivis at home. His suhsc' 
quent services were great ; iiis action with Sir 

and skill ; and the as.Mstance rendered hv him 
to the enterprising Bouille deprived Britain 
of .nanv of lur valnahle po.sscsJons in the \V 
Indies. I he action of the 1 2th of Apr. 178'' 
in which he suffered a compleie dcfc.i by the' 

cXV"( hTr'' ""J"7:.fini»'-J hi^ naval 
cartel. I hel d escadre, 1779. 

Gratiot, Ciiabi,e8, brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., 



\Vc.t l-omt, 1806. Entering the engineer 
coi|,s, he was app. capt. 2.1 Feb. 1808; chief 
cngineerol IIa.r.>on'sariny in 181,1 and 1814- 
brev. col. Mich, militia, Oct. 5, 1814 ; engaged 
in he defeuee ol Kort Meigs, Apr.-.May.TsTa 
and attack on fort Mackinac, 4 Aug 1814- 
m«J. teb. 9, 1815; l,c,.t.<.ol. Mai. 31. 1819 ■' 
col. and principal engr. Mav 24. 1828 ; brevci 
bng^-gen. May 24 1828; .lisiuissed bee. 6 
to Dec'Taw""' "''^ ^^^"Jemy. May, 1828, 
Grattan, Tiio.mas Collev, novelist, b. 

Du.hn, 1,90; d. Lond. 4 July, 1864. Uc 
will '' Prri C^:'"'n^■"-:^•'^ ""thorship i„ 1819 
with "Phil.hert," a poetical romance .removed 
o Paris; comrib .0 the EJM. Review .u^ ,0 

1839-5.3; and Iwsides novels, and histories of 
ijwitzerland and the Netherlands, wmtc " Civ- 
ihzc,! Amcnca,"2vols. 1859.a bi.terlv abusive 

W" /^"f'""'' -"■'.''"^ l>i»rupte.l States of 
AnKr. _ 1861 ; and a drama, " The Woman of 

Graves, Thomas, roar-adm.. b. Ratcliff, 
I. u'tr- !""■•■ ,""'-^= .I.C^harlestown, Ms., 31 

c aiii!"' , 7" '" '^;'--^ ■""•"" "f ^- ' 

ir. . and w„li his wile. Catharine Covtmore, 
7r1 .«,'»• ';' '"^ '■'l.'"'^'' "' fh«rles-town 7 
1 r.val. the hrst ship l.uil, i„ Boston ; and 
^r the capture of a Dutch privateer in the 
Englmh Channel, during Cromwell's protec- 



torate. »_a» given the com. of a »hipH)f-war, 
and maje ^ rear-a.lm., il,c owners of his 
'"P P^■«■•l•l'ng him with a silver cup. — .Sra,- 
all a II iJiiini. '^ "^ 

Graves, Thomas. Lord, a Urit. adra. b 
1/^0 ; d. .Jan. .'Jl. lM)2. Alier having ,ui-ci-s- 
sive V .vcrvedon various i.nporuint o.e«sions un- 
<lir Uavvke Ansou. and other disting. admiral- 
he ohiaincd in 1759 the com. of "The Uiii- 
coni frigate, from which in 1761 he was re. 
moved ,0 •• The Antelo,K.. " on .Ih.- N. Anier ,Ui- 
t.on. and app. gov. of Xewfou.idland. in which 
capacity he acted with such promptitude, pru- 
dence^^^andenergj- on the capture of St. John", 
by a trench squad, in 1762. iliut (he place wa. 
speedily retaken. In 1779 he k-ca no r™^ 
admiral of the Blue; in 178U he Jlclto 
Amer. with a re-«i,l„rcemeii. of 6 ships-of-thc- 
hne for Adm. Arl.uihnot ; Sept. 26 he wm 
ma.le rearudm.of the Red ; and in Julv 1781 
on Arbuthnots return to Eng.. he took the 
chief com. on the Amer. station. Sept. 5 ho 
came to a partial engagement with l>e lirassc 
which ...suited in di.-«bling m.nv of ihe E^ig' 
8 lips. He became second in com. under Lord 
IJowcin the eiigagenicnt. June 1. 1795; a,'j 
as a reward lor his conduct in this battle dur- 
ing whKh he rc,:eivcd a wound, he was niised 
T. "795 ''"■''""^ ' "''"'• "^ ■'"' ^^''"'«' •'""0 
Gra^, Alo.nzo. LL.n.. chemist, b. Town- 
send. \ t.. 1808 ; d. Brooklvn. X.Y Mar l2 
I860. Amh. Coll. 1834. Prjf. of cli „ .nd 

"|"P '»• And. Acad. 18.'l7-43; pn f ehem 

Mar Coll.; pnn.Brooklyn Hei.d ts*^? n. Sem' 
Author of Elements ol Chcini>,rv." 40 h«' 
2m«. 185.3; "Elements of Seicn.ihe and 
Practical Agriculturv." l2mo. 1842 ''Ee 
nietils of .Natural Philos.." 12m», 1851 In 

G.Xv ••';..":''' ?.-^- '^'^"""' "E'^'-n^nOo? 
uiiilogy, 12mo. 1852. 

Gray, Asa. botanist, b. Paris X v v„. 

Coll in 1831. Since 1842 he has been Fish.; 
Iro. of uaL hist, in H.L'. His elemcntarv 
«...ks," Elements of Botanv," im an?l 
esMc.ally Ins later series. " How Plants Ci'row '' 
Botany for Young People," "Ussons in 
fir-^ir''":*. Structural and Systematic Bo, 
f'r-: Jl-' "™ ""furpasscd in the language 
for precision, simplicitv. perspicuity, and com^ 
prehensivcness.- He Las contrib. muW, t^the 
princpal scientific journals and academicil 
i^.enio.rs of the day. Or. Gray, with I)r .John 
lorrey. commenced in 18.38 the pub. of "A 

T r? 1° ^.- '}r'""^<' but di.,con,inncd it. 
1 ley de.-eribcd in the gov,, reports the !«.«„ . 
cal treasure's of the gov,, expeds. ,0 the iC c 
co,>t n 1848 Dr. Gniy hlga.i his " ( .„.'^ 
o, he Plants of the U.S." and the "Manna 

ai 1 h.^8-";'-r^'!" ^""^"'"' ^■■"'"' ^^^ 

I apt. » ilkcs. Piof (.ray bas dclivercil 

in e cour-c- of U.wdl lustitutu Le-etures ii, 

«'-<..n. U..I). (Ham. Coll. 1864.) '"""'" 

1841) 1.. Salem. Ms.. Sci.t. 19. 1790; d Bos- 
on, IJee. 29 1856. ij. f. 1809. Son of 
Lieut..(.ov. William. He was educated to the 
law; was private sec. to J. (J. Adams whUe 



GR^ 



377 



G-R-A. 



mini.ter to Uussia ; was frequently "" ">« 
L-isl., and a member of the exec, eouncil in 
1S39 : corre^p. see. of the Acad, of Arts and 
Sciences- and a member of many literary 
bodies. An elegant and aeeomplisl.ed wntcr. 
he was an early coutrib. to the A- -'\/" rr'",' 
edited several vols, of the Colls, ot tie Ms. Hist. 
Soc imb. a pamphlet entitled " Remarks on 
^^e liurlv L.WS of Ms. Bay," and in 1848 one 
on " I'riion Discipline," taking strong ground 
against the separate or solitary system ot impi ij.- 
oument. He beqneatlied S30,01I0 tor the estab- 
lishment and maintenance of a museum of com- 
parative zoology in conu«;t,on vvuh aU. It 
building was dedicated Nov. ISo'J. He del - 
ered, besides other addresses, an Oration bclo.e 
the own-authorities of Boston, July 4, 8 8 
a Discourse at Plymouth, Ms., .o"tl;« l^'^^ > 
anniv. of the landing ot fhe P.lgriiii», Dec. ... 
1S19- Oration betjre the Ms. legi»l. on tie 
loia; anniv. of the birth of Washington, Feb. 

^'Grav Hbnrv Vetbus, painter b. New 
York June 2.3, 1819. He entered the studio 
It^'iniel Uun'tington i". ^^f •.-".^^'^ J;;;; 
rooe in 1839, returning in 1843, aiu , atitr 
Zthe absence abroad in 1845-*,. established 
himself n N-V. Among his pictures are, 
"Roman Gifl,""BiUet-Doux," ■'Teaching a 
CWd"to Pra;," "Proserpine and B«:chus. 
•Tniiid be"<'ing his Arrows, Wages ot 
War"^' '' A^ple of Di.eord," " Blessed are the 
Pure in Heart," an illustration ot Irving s 
? Pride of the Village," " Hagar and the 
Am el " " Susannah," " Tnitl. " ' Greek 
Lom's " and '•' Twilight-Musings." He has also 
printed more than 250 portraits. - Acten,,,,^ 
Gray, Capt. Uoi...kt, discoverer of the 
Columbia River, b. 'f;^-^"^'"' 1^„^" .l''^ \,'^ 
Charle-ton, S.C, 1806. bcpt. 30, 1 8«, tlie 
i^dp •■ Colt^mbia," Capt. John K"!J''>^M"d 
the sloop •' Washington," Capt. Gray, sai ed 
rom Bo'ston to trade with the natives ot he 
T\v. coast. They were fitted out by Jose h 
Barren, Samuel Brown, Char les BnUim 
l„Uu Derbv, Ciowel Hatch, and J. -M. Hu 
ur BoltoA merchants; and took tor d.s- 
ribution atnong the natives coins struc^ for 
he purpose, bearing on one side a sh p and a 
sloonSr sail, with the words "Columbia 
a^^" Washington, com. by John Ivendnck; 

, „„ Vlw. re%"erse " fitted out at Boston, N. 
^:i:;^:^;r?;cific ocean, bv/; ^circling 

v'af th first to carry the Amer. flag round the 
Llobe Grav made a second voyage, and > . y 
!■ 1791 in'lat. 46° 10', discovered the mouth 
, 'tl e gr'eat river, to which was given the name 
of his thip. He afterward com. trading-ves- 
sels Irom Boston until his death. 

Grav Vvii.Li.oi, an eminent merchant, b. 
I vnn Ms., June 27, 1730 ; d. Boston, Nov 4 
1»^23 Apprenticed in youth to a merchant at 
Saim he was afterward in the employ of 
IftSd Derbv. Beginning business for him- 
r t.P .masied LMcal wealth, having at one 
: , e no t^n eo'sail of square-rigged >^ssels 
''""-,Co™«n. A Democrat in polities, he 
on the ">•""•• ^ taking side with Jef- 
S: durinrthe imtargo, Ltwithstanding 



its unpopularity in N. Enghind, and its pecu- 
niary injury to his business. Removing to 
Bollon, he was lieut.-gov. of Ms. in 1810, hav- 
ing previously been a State senator. 
■ Graydon, Alexander, author, b. Bristol, 
Pa, April 10, 1732; d. Phila. May 2, 1818. . 
Educated at Phila. He began to Study law, but 
in 1773 entered the patriot army as capu ; 
joined the armv at N.Y.,aiid was made prisoner 
in the action on Harlem Heights He was con- 
fined in New York and at Hatbush and was 
exchanged in 1778; prothonotary o_f Dauphm 
Co.. and lived at Harrisburg troin 1 / 85 to 1 ,99, 
when he removed to a farm near that city, 
from which he returned to Phila. in 1816. in 
1811 he pub. his Memoirs, an entertaining and 
well-written work: illustrative of Revo .man- 
ners and history; it was repub. in Phila. in 
1846. with annotations by J. b. l^Utell. Uray- 
don coutrib. to the PorlfoHom 1813 and 14 
a series of papers entitled " Notes oi a Desul- 
tory Reader." 

Grayson, Johx Bkeckexkidge, gen 
CSA b Kv. 1807; d. 1862. West Point, 
18-'6 'Entered the artillery, but was app. 
assist, eommis. Aug. 1834; in Seminole_Indian 
war of 1833-6; eommis. (rank capt.) / July, 
1838; capt. U Dec. 1838; chief ot commis- 
sariat of Scott's army in Mexico, 1847-8 ;brev. 
major for gallantry at Contreras and Ciuru- 
busco, Aug. 20, 1847; brev. heut.-col for 
Chainiltepec. Sept. 13, 1847 ; com.nis rank 
of major) Oct. 21, 1852 ; resigned July 1, 
1861, and app. a brig.-gen. in Coufed. army. 

Grayson, William, soldier and states- 
man, b. Prince William Co., Va.; d. at Dum- 
fries Mar. 12, 1790. U. of Oxford. Studied 
law kt the Temple, Lond., and settled in Dum- 
fries • aun. aide-de-camp to Washington, Aug. 
24 1776; col. of a Va. regt. Jan. 1, 1777 ; com- 
missioner on the board of war >" l.'80-81 ; a 
commissioner to treat with Sir William Howe 
resueetin- prisoners while the army was at 
Valley Fof'e ; and at Monmouth com. his 
regt., behaving with valor; M.C. in 1784-/ ; 
member Va. convention of 1788, called to con- 
sider the Federal Constitution ; was, like Pat- 
rick Henry, its zealous opponent ; and was in 
1789 one of the first U.S. senators from V a. — 

^Gravson, William, Democ. politician of 

Md u'ov. in 1838-41, b. Md. 1786; d. Queen 

Anne's Co. July 9, 1868. He was a planter ; 

served with distinction in both houses ot the 

Md. assembly, and took a prominent part m 

the successful struggle to "''t'"" » "7, ,\"^ 

more liberal constitution for the State in 838. 

Gravson. William J., son of William, 

,„.?er^u,d mithor, b. Beaufort, S.C., Nov. 

17S8- d. Newbern, Oct. 4, 1863. S.C. Coll. 

1809.' He was bred to the legal profession ; 

was a commissioner in equity ot S.C. I «', , 

member of the State.legisl. 1813. In 1831 he 

was a State senator, and, while opposing tlio 

tariff act, was not dispose.! to push the collision 

to the extreme of civil war. M-C i" is jJ-' . 

and in 1841 was app. by President IV "T'^" J 

lector of customs at Charleston. Attei«ard 

a planter. During the secession "^'tation ot^ 

1830, he pub. a " Letter to Gov. Scabrook, 

deprecating disunion, and pointing out the 



GRK 



378 



GRK 



evils wliicli would fullow it. Was n conlrib. 
lo tlio .ioiillimi JUrita. He ijiib. " The Hire- 
ling; unil ihi" Sluvc," 1856 ; '" C'liiiora uiid oiIkt 
I'lA'iiis;" a |ii(eiii I'liiiiled "The Cuuntiy;" 
uiiil i^ MjpiMix'il to lie till' aiiiliururn narrative 
poiiii riiiiiliM ■' Marion." 

Greathouse, Licikn. Wf^.-'^cn. U S. 

vul<., Ii. L'iir.iii>viilc, III., 1S43; <t. ol wuninU 
in battle nenr Atliinin, (ia.. jnly 21, 1S64. 
Dluuniin;;tuii (.'oil. He |inu iiM.->l law ; entercil 
tlie arinv a |iriviitf ; [lasseil tliron;;li every in- 
term, unule to that of col. 4Slli III-. re;:t ,' ami 
liore aioii>|iiriimis |iart in the nrhievenieuts of 
the Arinv of the Tenn. ; bri^' -ijen. July, ist>4. 

GreCltOO, .(dun, bri'^.-jjen. Revol. arniv, 
b. U...\lMir.>. .M-.. Mar. lu, 1J4I ; J. there Feb. 
1784. Uclore the war, he was an innkeeper 
and an oHicer ul militia in Itoxbnrv ; eol. 24ih 
rijit.July 12, i;;5; col.3Gtli,Uet."i:75; after- 
ward eol. .Ill .Ms. on the Continental establi-h- 
inent. During: the sii');e of Bo-lon, he Ud an 
cxped. uhieh destmyed the biiiI(Iini,'S on I>oiii; 
Island III ISoston harlxir. Ai>r. 15, 1776. he 
wasordcreil to Canada ; Dee. 7, 1776, he joined 
Washiiijjion in N.J. ; and was afierwanl in 
Heath'.- divi>ion at West I'oint ; app. by Con- 
yre- biiu -L'en. Jan. 7, 178."). 

Greeley, IIduaci;, a Icadinj; journalist, 
b. Anilnr-i. '^.11., 3 Feb. ISI 1. Sonoftt[K)or 
tanner, who in 1821 moved to Vt. He at- 
tendi'd a eum. selioid ; evinced ^reat fundnc-s 
for readin;r ; and learned the printer's traile at 
I'oiiltncy, Vt, in 1826-.3U. After workiii); a 
few month- as a printer in Erie. I'a., he went 
in An;;. IMl to N.Y. City, where he worked 
at bis trade. 1 Jan. 1S33. in partnership with 
Fnmcis Story, he be;;an the Morning Post, the 
first penny daily ever pnbli^hed, soon discon- 
tinued. In .Mar. 18.34, with Jonas Winchester, 
he founded the yeic-Yuiier, a literary weeklv, 
neutral in (lolitics, of which he was editor. \t 
lived 7 years, but was not proHtable (lecuniarily. 
In IS.'is-O he edited tile Jrgirsoiiian. and in 
18-10 the Lai-Cabin ( Whi;; campaign' |>'>peri), 
which ^ave jiiin a reputation as an able polit- 
ical writer. Apr. 10, 1841, he lonndeil the 
N. Y. Tiiliiinr, of which Henry J. Haymonil 
waso.isist. editor, which soon took the stand it 
has since maintained as a tliorou;;hly-appoinied 
indipendent and spirited journal. lie advo- 
cated Clay's election in 1844; afterward as- 
suin«l a more decidedly ho-tile attitude to 
slavery; andas ametnlKTofConaress in 1848- 
9 opposed the abuses of the tnilea);e svstcin. 
He supported in successive presidential cain- 
p;ii;;iis (Jen. Scott in 1852, J. C. Fremont in 
185G, anil Abraham Lincoln in 1860; liavin;; 
exerted bis iiiHui'iu-e at;ainst the nomination 
of W. II. Seward in the Chicaso convention 
ol th^t ye:ir. lie lavored universal amnestv 
and universal snirruye at the end of the civil 
war, and oll'ercd himself a.« bail for Jelfcr«on 
Davis in May, 1867. In 1851 he visited Ku- 
rope, and was chairniiin of one of the juries at 
llie Worlds Fair. His letters to (he Trihunf, 
describing; his travels, were pub. with the title, 
" (ibinees at Kuro|>e." In 18.59 he went to 
Calilornia by way of Kansas and Utah. He 
has Kaitied special di-tineliou by his efforts 
toward the emaneipatif>n of lal>or, endeavor- 
in;; to free it from i^-norancc, vice, terviiude. 



and poverty. He is a zealous champion of 
proto'tion. and is alwavs louiid in the front 
rank of social, industrial, and |<oliiical n-furin- 
ers. He pub. in 1830 " Hints toward Kefornis," 
iucluilin;; many of his Ii>:ture9 on lemin'r- 
unce, labor, educatiim, &c. ; " AsMtciniion Uis- 
cussed," by Greeley and liaymond, 1847 ; " Art 
and Industry as represented ni the Exhibition 
at the Crystal Talaec," X.Y. 1853; "History 
of the .Strn:;(^le for Slavery-Fxtension from 
17H7 to 1856;" "History of the American 
Conflict," 2 vols. 8vo, 1864-6 ; " liecollectioni 
ol a Uii-y Life," 1868; "t)verlaiid Journey 
from N.\.toSan Francisco in 1859," 12mo, 
I860; " Kssayson I'oiit. Kcon." — Srr I'nrton't 
I.i/f ol' GretJiy, 1855; />. W. liiiill.Ut Slu<lem 
A'iiliil,>it : Unii'iai/'t Offiiaiid '/'iiLinijt, 1854. 

Greene, Alukrt Collins, lawyer, b. E. 
Greenwicli, U.I., 1791 ; d. I'rovidence. Jan. 8, 
1863. Son of Perry, bro. of Ucn. Nathl. 
Greene. Meml>cr of the K.I. Assembly in 
1815 — 24; of the senate 1843 — 5; sjieaker 
of the house; niaj.-j^'n. of militia two years; 
attv.-gen. 1825-4.3, and U.S. senator in 1845- 
51.' 

Greene, Aluekt Goiiton, lawvcr and 
jMK-t, b. I'mvideiice, K.I.Feb. 10, 1802; d. 
Clevclanil. O., Jau.3, 1863. Brown U. 1820. 
Many years clerk of the Municipal Court of 
Pi-ovidence ; clerk of the t^oinmoii council ; and 
jiid;;e of probate. Author of the |>opiilar bal- 
lad of " Old Grimes; " " The .Militia Muster;" 
a ballad entitled " Canonchel," puk in L'|>- 
dike's" Hist, of the Narrat;ansett Chureh;" and 
" The Baron's Last Banquet," one of the finest 
IKK'ins in our lan;;nai;e. In 1833 he pub. the 
LiU/tny Joitniul, quarterly, but di-coiitiiiued 
it after one year. Fres. of the K.I. Hist. Soc. 
Iroiii 18.54 until his death. 

. Green, ALi;.x.vNDtR, LP., I) n. (U. of 

Tenn. 18461, a iiiiiiisier of the ME. Chiireh 
South, b. Sevier Co., Tenn , June 26, 1807. 
He connected hiiiis<>lf with the Tenn. conf. ; 
was Old elder in 1828, and since 1832 has 
been a dile^ato to the general conf. Promi- 
nent ill the discussions of 1844 which resulted 
in a di\ i-ion of the eliureli. Author of " The 
Church in the Wilderness." 

Greene, I>R. A»\, pbvsician and author, 
b. Ashbiirnhani. .M-., 17.-.8 ;" d. N.Y. Citv, 1837. 
Win-. Coll. 1813. He went to N.Y. ah. 1830, 
and established him-elfasa Uiokseller. Author 
of " The Travels of Ex-B.irl)er Fribbleton," 
a satire on Fidler and other scribbling Kn;:lish 
tourists; "The Life and Adventures of Dr. 
Dudimiis Duckworth, " 18;).3; " The Peril* 
of I'nirl Street." 1834 ; " A Ghinee at New 
York," 1837; "A Yankee amoii); the Nul- 
lifiers," 1835; " Debtor's Pri-on," 18mo, 1837; 
and was S4jme time etliior of tiic Evening TVun- 
uTi^. a NiK-Yoik dailv. 

Green, Asmull, li.D. (C of Pa. 1792), 

LL.I). (C of NC. 1812). scholar and divine, 
b. Ilim.ver. N, J.,Julv 6, 1762; d. Phila. M.iv 
19. l.'*48. N.J. Coll' 1783. In early life bo 
|K'rforinis| military duly, and was in iinniinent 
dan^-er at the attack on Klitiibctbiown Point. 
Tutor in N.J loll. 1781-5; pruf. of math, 
and n»t. pliilos. from 1785 to May, 1787, when 
he Ix'taine a-soc. pa-tor of the Second Pn..»b. 
Church of Piillu. ; in 1 790 he was a meiubci 



G-RE 



379 



ORE 



with a llist..ry ot the Coll 8 >- . A " 
,.y of l^resbytennn M^sjon, .^^0 'gi,.al 
/he Shorter Catcch. ra - ^o » .^^l ^^. ^^ 
discourses hcslde, '"""^''"'-"' L ,,„ '„e of 82, 

asouorS,u,u.el ^^^^^-^vi;" ^J^^-^^p ,,;, press in 
to h,s '.-;'-."<^'r-^, j-^ ./^.'Voston, wher'e it ,vas 

'''■■■'7-Yg9 -O he e.un;' business in Boston 
terot 1092-3 "« -e^ ^_.^^ „„,„, of 

^^'^^o,:;^Jl«e,.apub^.^n— n^ 

";{. '-!" ^'";:"^., Jh eh wlsaf.erwrrdscom- 
It eeh:i .'Y' ,;,„,;.' and iiwas then style.1 the 
b„ied «. h '7"'^,^' 'J";,;,, Uis descendants 

Ct. Ion- '"■'«';:''';;'i*,- , Gordon iournaUst, b. 

Greene, Chakles G°«^°jj;^J,.^,h,, j,i„g 

°°;«trhe w"pb c Vunder the care of lus bro. 
in 1812, he ».i» |)i»<.cu of Boston, 

Nathaniel ^»'>J^^"!'^;,^^^ S " He entered 
who sent h.m to »'-;"'t''[^ Haverhill ; followed 
hisbro.'svrmt.n^I-ofiieem Havcrm ._^ 

•^r fficf^^the SM . «•-. TseuM at Taunton 
sunied an cn^';<r,<-'""' . . ,^2^ Uecan.e eon- 



,1 17R1 Son of Judge Philip Greene. He 

2^, «^d their con,rna.n^-l'-^ Consn_^ 
voted him a sword, ^^'^''."/„ job Greene, 
.entcd by K"-.^----;;,^, Sullivan's at- 

5;i^rn;:;^yorrS^.^^ was slain. 

H U V-65' He be^rpraetie; inWerab. 
ne"^-; joined the army a's a surgeon ,n Jan . 
775 vas M, the exped. to Canada ,««'^^; 
^ion'in tl.esloop-o.-war 'Ranger -dcrPaul 
Jones; continued "'J\^ J-;^ A delegate 
ITSl. when he -^-^f :f^ ■"^ 'Yg.O. and aiir.a 
to the State Const. Lonv. 01 lo. , 

Fedcralis-t. merchant of Boston, b. 

Green, iR\^c'='""^ ,, « r 2i,iso9. 

to the deaf and '>""''\^«tnet ,4=" '"'•>« 
ward P"b- '^^''y^""/'! K ters " <he AbUe 
?:;i;;;^e^"r:^'-'office"in .he British 

^S^r^"^^---?«f-r 

wS' b. S.nithfield H./^; --'i-' C- 

^'^^i^Tn^.^^---^ 

Insurrection, 1844, _^ '^^""„ _^„„i.tical Class- 

ot the Sarragansett», 1 84S , A 

Book of Botany, V»^,^. .f !"';„ i842 edited 

r"p.^tT^r'^nJj;iit^3dArt.,i^ 

?» skt orof of math, in the military acad. 

vil employed on railroad and other jvori^s m 
vario.^ P«rts of the country, and on he H, h 
R,i l"e and new Croton Ucservoir in >. i •. 
IJudgb tt"" "isfio when he was app. col. GOtli 
until Jan. 18, 18b., wnc.i 11 9'8'^i862, and 

N.Y.vols.; '"■•='-.-<=';;:„"'*^^:^,P:;fdiv.ion of 
assigned a com. in G.^" ,i\^'''",f„nr's promo- 
Banks-s army «°^P'- ^ ^" *^j^' V^^ - „„d fought 
::^;;;J;r^^;rt^^u^e?'0en.MansfieMa. 



GRE 



880 



Anrittain; WIS cngaKfd at Clmncelloreville 

U. t. 186.3; combat uf Wu,i|,util.ie, iin.i suvcrilv 
woumlc-d. 28 (A-,. 18G3 ; i„ o,,cr,..,u„, in X.d 
, , ' ";^^'!,""*"f Ivi.istopi and (Jol.Uboruuch. 



Greene. OkoauE Wasiunoton, amhor 

wic!, n'r V"'- *''''"''• "^^■^•"^•' *•• i^- fi'^"" 

iK'al.h to leave Jlro«., f. ii. I8i'7, he reCided 
in Kurope ..mil |847. K.o... 1837 to 1845 he 

18jU he jml.. a series of essays in the .V. A lie- 
i^jfu:. ch.,.llv o.. Italian literature and history, 
«l.eh were.-o I. .„ a vol. entitled " Ilistoricii 
S>t..d.es N.I., 1850. On his return to (he 
L.b. he beeaine prof, of .nodern ]a..i;uai;e3 in 
B>uun U., and edited I'uti and ArnoTd'.s "An! 
ciejit (.eograph.v and Ilisiorv," X.Y.. 1849, an.l 

A-o, •- .'«'f "i"' ,<^^"'e^"l'''.'- of ll'c Middle 
Ago, 1851. In I85i he removed to N.Y 
where he h„s eontril,. many ,mpe,-s i„ ma-a' 
zmes, and c.l.ted in 1854 a eotiplele eclitionlf 
Add.soH s «o. ks, .„ 6 vols. lie w,x)te the Life 
of Gen. G.ee..c .n Sparks's " Amer. Bio- " 
P ivi'l'.' 'r ; '"' '^'*>'!"' ^'"I''"' ""'' I'""'lic and 

Uo-othim, 1807-71, 3 vols. 8vo. In 1866ho 
P"h. an L.xain. ot some staten.ents eoneemins 
Uen. t^ieeiie .n Bancroft's U.S., vol. 9. * 

ureen, Hbnry Wood.iull, ll.u. (x.j. 

Co I. ISoU). cl„ef justice of X. .J. ; h,.s pub. 
Hcports 01 t ases .n C-o.irt of Chancery of 

Vi; ™M *'■"■ '^••--«- '^- J- Coll. 1820. 

Green, IIohack, M.D.. LL.D. i U. of Vt I 
physical., b. Chittenden, Vt., Dec. 24 1802 ■ 
lirr "ir!"!'!".',' ^'"» ^'"S- -^'V., Xov. 29,' 

nuMand' V,^""- "'■'■ . ''-•"J'''-' -edicinein 
Kuiland, V t. ; praci.scd there 6 years; attend- 
ed lectures at the U. of Pa. i.,- I8.30I1 ; and 
subsequently practiscl 5 years more in Kutland, 
afterward settling m X.V. He co.nple.c»l his 

m Castlcton, \ r ; „n.( in 1850 assisted in 
founding- the X.Y. Med. Coll., in which he was 
pres of the (acuity and trusiccs, and ew.rih.s 
ni',. ."""/'"--"O- «nd practice of mcd. until 
18b A„,|,„, „f ..Treatise on the Diseases 
of the Air-l'a,M.j;es," 1846; " Patholo;,'V and 
Treatment o( the Croup." 1849; "SurKical 
Treattiicito. the Polypi of the Larynx.^nd 
hcCEdema..f , he Glottis," 1852; .■ IJepo'n of 
106 Cases of Pulmonary Diseases treated by 
Injections into the Bronchial Tubes with a So"- 
ut.on of .N.tra.e of Silver," 1856 ; and " Selec- 
tions from the Favorite Prescriptions of Livin,' 
American Physicians," 1858; also of ,„„„y 
paiars m medical journals. ' 

Green, Jicon, minister of Hanover, N.J. 
b. .Mul.leu. .Ms.. .Jan. 22, 1722; d. Hanover 
May 24 1790. n.r. 1744; X.j. Coll. 1749 
Licensed Sept. 1745 l,v ,he X.V. prcsbytcn- 
andord.at llauover ^'ov. 1746. 'atw^isTn 
I.o, made viceprcs. of X J. Coll., and was 
for some momhsat its bead. He also enured 
in the pmcice of n.c.licinc. A ze«lo..s ,«uriot, 
he tta.s sent to the Prov. Congress in 1775, and 
was chairman of the com. which drafted tho 
btatc const.tut.on. Besides scrmo..s, he pub. 



ClH.n^'.r".""''/.'^';"'""'""'"" °f"'« J«'"i'*h 
a, I C bur!'!" r ^. V^"; "C." •^''""■i"" Church 
and Church Govt." A MS. AutobioL'raid.y 
extend..i« .0 1777 was pub. by his so'^n (ei: 
Ashbcl Gaen,.n the au,^;an AJ.-vcaU. vol 

Green, Jacod, xi.d., physicist, b. Phiu 

July 26, 1790; d. tlita- Feb. 1, 1841 U of 
l'.J. 1806. In hU boyhood be made a laX 
collmion of plants. He pub. soo,. after leal! 
int; the university, in connection with a voune 
fr end. a treatise on electricity, which' gave 
h.m a reput<.tion. He also studic.l law, and 
wa.s licensed to practise, but i.i 1818 accepted a 
.rolessoi^hip in XJ. Coll. of chemistry,*^ phi 
aM.pl,y and nat. history Prof, of chemistry 

of bis iff!" It V"' .■/[*"" '*" '" ""•• ''"« 

"P ! 1 It?"^- Chemical Diagrams; " 
FW?r M l'".'''*''I','y."'8i9; "Treatise on 
Eleetro-Magnetism ; " ..Astronomical IU.erea. 

V "■ u '^ ^■;""'"'' "l" <^'""^^'-- "" t-'-^^-ni*- 
'.7 '.„ ■ *"'■''* "" Trilobites." with wax 
lustrations; a work on the " Botany of tho 

,yf- v'v'"'..", v" •" ""^ «""»"i™l I'roductions 
01 A. i . ; Notes of a Traveller," giving an 

?»T"'. "A" *'""° '-"■■"I"' i" !»-'«. 3 vols 
«, ; Diseases of the Skin," 8vo, Pbila. 
1841 ; a..d contr.hs. to Sillimaui .ImnuJ 

1706, d. London, Dw. 11. 1780. H.U. 1726 
Though in 1775 p.os<ribc,l and exiled for ad- 
berencc to the crow.,, i.. 1 764 he was a incnbcr 
of the com., with .Samuel Adams, to report in- 
struc.o.is to the Bos.o.. representatives, and 
w hen app. bj- Gage a ,«aW«„„« coun.sellor. de! 
clined the honor. One of a club of wits who 
watched every passing event, neitb, r Gov. 
Belcher nor ihelcgisl. wass,«red by those keen 
sat.risis, who turned every thing to n.erri...eut 
b.,t was susceptible of it. Of his l.n.norous 
publications may be mentioned the bu-lesnii« 
01. a Psalm of his fellow-wit, Ut. Bvles'; Ridi! 
eule of Fr.Tma,ons in •' TheEntertilinment for 
a W ...ler s Lvening," in 1750 ; and " Lamenta- 
l.on on the Death of Mr. Old Tenor," ,«1^. 
money. — .•iuliiue. 

Green, James Stephen-, lawvcrand Dcm- 
ocrat.c j,ol.uc,an, b. Fau.,uier Co.",Va.. Feb. 28, 
1» . ; d. St. Louts, Jan. 18, 1870. With an 
or.linary c^lucation, he in 18.36 went to Ala • 
thence to Canton Mo., in 18.37, where in 1840 
be was adm. to the bar, and rapidly ..cquiivd 
rep..taiion^ .M«mU.rof .he State Const. Conv^ 
"1 1840 ; MC. 1846-.-,0; c/„.„^ ,/•„//;„,,, "'^ 
^ew Granada 1853-4, returning home on ac" 
co,..u of .11 health : again chosen to Congress 
n 18j6, and L.S. senator in 11-56-61 wl.cro 
he was cha.rman of the com. on icrritorie*. 
He was conspicuous in the debate on the ad- 
rn.ssionof ivansa,s under the U^ctopton Con- 
stitution which be n.vore.l,nnd,duri,,g tl,ela»l 
session of the .36th Congress, was on all occa- 
..ons the advocate of the cause of the seceding 
States, and resisted in their interest all au 
tempts to settle the existing dilfieulties. He 
»a.s afterward a constant promoter of civil war 
III .Missouri. 

Green, .Joseph F., commo. U.S.N., b. .Mc. 
iNuv. 24, 1810. .Midshipman Nov. I 1827- 
lieut. teb. 28, 1838; com. Sept. 14 1855 ^ 
capL July 16, 1862; commo. July 24, 11*67; at^ 



GTtSi 



381 



GRK 



(ached to " The Ohio ; " served through the Mcx- 
can war, taking part in the important ac .on. 
on the Pacific "ci^st; com. steam-sloo,^ Caj 
nandai^ua." S. Atl. block, squad., 1 862-1. anQ 
naniciu- ted in the bombanlment of tort Wa;;- 
Tr com Sou.hcrn squadron with Atlantic 

'"irren,V/v."r'^.. D.D., Pjesh clcp- 
man b ab 1802; d. Danville, Ky., 26 May, 
S Trms Iv. U. Entered the mmistry ab. 
\l%: Jro" uccessively of Centre Coll. and 
o?- linlver and AUcgh. Seminanes ; pres of 
Wa.hinL'ton Coll., Transylv. Coll, and of Cen 
re Coll . nanville, from 1857 to b.s de^uh. 

Orpen Martin E., bri^.-sen. C.b.A. oi 
Lcw^cT'Mo.; killedatVicksbur,^^p^,.une 
a- 18b-3 He was a class-leader in the Mcth. 
Church He or^'anized a regt. near Pans 
Mo .incdPrice'S army, and contnb argcly 
W th c"l mte of Lexington, Mo and the gar- 
rison under Col. Mulligan. His men rolled 
hemn-bales up the steep bank of the nver, and 
^^riLtcd them into movable breastworks. 
He was con'pTeuous in all Price's battles m 
Mo was in 'the battles of Farmmgton luka 
Co°Vnth. Big Black, and Baker's Creek. At 
Vicksburg he had a presentiment he would be 

^'Greene, Nath.ociel, maj.-gen., one of the 
n,o^t df-tin'-. officers in the Rcvol. war, b. 
S, • 1 TJT M-iT '>- 1'-12: d. June 19, 
^ sT" Fonnh in'defcc-nt'from one of the ca.-ly 
settlers of N.E. He was educated a member of 
^hl ^n,.^'tv of Friends, among whom h.s father 
was .,r -Cher "ecei'ved th? mere rudi.nents 
Tf an English education, and was .tinonsly em- 

|;-{r^s;^r'^ie^Ltft;^ 

'nil he to"ok com. of the Southern army and 
a leadin<' and popular member. On tlie ap 
proae of theKeiol. he studied tactics J was 
dismissed from the Society of Friends, and 
lecamc a m^ber of the " Kentish Guards _ 
Afte™re battle of Lexington, the Colony of 
R embodied 3 regts. of radi.ia, which, as 
hri^.-en heled to Cambridge, where their su- 
nelOTitvofequipraent and discipline made them 
P^spicnous-'nl^rehegainedthecondenceand 

^^^'^:^^^-^^^^ 
fcf-:r^rPri:i::nT:::r:f;f:^ 

of Brandvwine (where, by a rapid inarch and 
succcsTfiil stand he preserved the army from 
utter detruction) and Germantown ; and m 
Mai-ch 1778, accepte'L "'«»'?'' withgreat re ne- 
tance the a pp. of quarterm.-gen., st.pulat ng 
that he should not lose his riglit to command in 
S Of this he availed himself at the bat- 
tle of Monmouth and in the retreat from K.L 
in Aug. 1-80 lie re.igned the office, a poorer 



He was in com. of the army during Washing 
Z'. visit to H:,r,f,-rd in Sept. '-^O "nd sa as 
pros, of the Court of Inquiry upon Mnj Audie. 
Anp. to succeed Gates. Oct. 14, 1 , 80, h- found, 
on arriving at Charlotte Dee. 2, the Southern 
army a mere skeleton, without artillery, bag- 
gage, or stores. In his front was an enemv 
flulhed with victory, and well provuled ; around 
him an exhausted country, whose .nliabitants 
were divided in.o hostile parties Ada^n, 



were aivmcu nuu uu.ii..v. i- — --- - . •• 
his operations to his means, lie detached Mo - 
gan who, after defeating Tarleton at the Co»- 
pens, marched to rejoin Greene, an,l "as Jjui, 
sued by Coruwallis, but without success Foiled 
in the attemiit, lie vigorously pursued Gieenc 
who was moving in a direction to unite with 
Mor<'an. It is this celebrated retreat from 
I across N.C. into Va. which has won for 
the American commander a high rank n tne 
estimation of military men. Assuming leof^ 
fensive, Greene attacked Cornwallis^at Ouilfbid 
Court House, March 13, 1781. The British 
remained masters of the field, but lost 600 men, 
a^id were obliged to retire, leaving their wound- 
ed Greene then marched into S C, and mov- 
in<. towards Camden, took post at Hob ;irk » 
Hiil, April 20. Here he was attacked on the 
morning of the 2.5th by Lord Rawdon, and, 
after a sanguinary conflict, was obliged to aban- 
don the field. He next undertook unsucecss- 
Mv the siege of Ninety-Six. and then w. li- 
d,ew to the high hills of San tee to indulge h » 
armv in a short repose during the heat of tl e 
sumnier. Sept. 8 he fought the baale of E - 
taw Springs, described by him as the most ob- 
stinate and bloody he had ever seen. . In thi= 
battle, which prostrated their power in b.C.. 
the British loft upwards of 1.000 men and 
abandoned the entire State except Charl ston 
and vicinity. When peace was restored, Gieene 
?:t.uned tihis native State He everywhei-e 
met with enthusiasm and expressions of 
gratitude and admiration. On his arrival lU 
Princeton, where the Congress was then in se^ 
sion they-piesented him with two pieces of 
ordnance taken from the British array, as a 
public testimony of the wisdom, fortitude, and 
military skill which disting. his com in the 
Southern dept." Tl.ey had P";v.ousy voted 
him a British standard and a gold medal con^- 
niemorativeof the battle of Lutaw. Th>^ St^^e 
of Ga. presented him with a fine plantation a 
?ew miles from Savannah, to winch he removed 
with his family in the fall of l.Sa ; and S. C. 
conveyed to him a valuable tract of land. A 
monuinent was voted by Congress but was 
never erected. His son >ath Rai , b. Jloms- 
town, N.J., Jan. 11. 1780, d Greensda e R.L. 
jTe 1 1 , 1859. - &e Life, L,,>cr. and Papers 
nf hii G W. Greene. 3 vols. 8vo, 186,-1 1. 

Greene, Nathanii:i., editor, b. Boscawen, 
N.H May 20, 1797. In July, 1809, heentered 
an appren-tice to Isaac Hill of the .V.W. Patnot: 
at thJage of 15 became editor of, the Concord 
Gazette ■ removed to Portsmouth in Jan. i»i-i. 
haX.- char-e of the Nil. Gazette; removed 
?o HaverhiM in April, 1815, where for two 
vears he had charge of the Gazelle ; my^ in 
luv 1817, edited and pub. a new Deinoc. 
par^'r the £s,«r Patriot. He established, Feb. 
6 8^1 the Boston States,nan, which 80on be- 



GRE 



382 



GRK 



came the lending Dcnioo. journal of tin.' Stale. 
JPosima^lcrot Uoslon 1829-4(1 and 1845-9. In 
IS-'i.l he pull, an address bi'fiprc the Ms. Chnr- 
italde Soeiety ; a coni|)eiidii)Us "History of 
Ilnlv," Irans'lHted from the Ilulinii, l'816 ; 
"Tales fnim the tierinnn," 2 vols. I8.-J7; 
" Tales and Sketelu's Irom the (ierman, Ital- 
ian, ami Kreneh," 1843; •■ Iinprovi-utions and 
Tran-latioiis." l2nio, Boston, I8j2. He has 
lieen a contrih. to heverai annuals. 

Oreen, Saml'ei., one of the fir»t printers 
of N.K., li. En^'. 1«15; d (•aml)rid;;e. Sis., 
Jan. 1, 1702. He snreeeiled Daye in the print- 
iii'.^-house at Cainlirid;;e ah. 1648. He printed 
the Cumbnii'ie Plaiiwui in 1649: the I.aws in 
16G0; and, in the Indian lanifua^;, the I'sal- 
ter, Eliot's Cateehism, Baxter's " Call to the 
Unconverted," the New Testament, and 1,000 
copies of the Bihle in 1G8.1. 

Oresne, S.iMt;Ki. .Stillmax, h. Belchcr- 
town, Ms, .May 3, 1810. B.U. 18.17. Some 
time teacher in the Worcester, (jpringlield, 
and Boston schools ; several years supt. of the 
Providence schools ; prof, of math, and civil 
cntrineerinj; B.U. in 1835 ; transferred in 1864 
to the chair uf nat. philos. and U-stron. Author 
of " Analysis of Sentences," " En;.'. Gram- 
mar," "First Lessons." and "Introduction" 
to Kns. grammar. " Descendants of Thomas 
Oreenc of Maiden," 1858. — Dxi/ckiHck. 

Greene, Thijodorb P., commo. U.S.N., 
I) Montreal, Canada, Nov. 1, 1809. .Midshipm. 
.\ov. 1. 1826 ; licul. Dee. 20, 1837; com. Sept. 
14, 18.')j; capt. July 16, 1862; commo. Julv 
24, 1867. Attached to fritfato " Coii^'ross,'' 
Pacific squad., dnrin;; the Mexican war, 1846- 
8; sloop " Cynne," home squad., 1852-3; 
li;.'hthonse insp. 1858-60; com. sicam-sloop 
"Richmond," W. Gulf squad., 1865; steam- 
sloop "Powhatan," PaciHc squad., 1867. — 
llamfTnUi. 

Green, Thomas, mnj.-j;cn. C.S.A., b. Va. 
181G ; killed ni Blair's Plantation, La., Apr. 14. 
1964. Son of Chief Justice G., pres. ofihe Lcha- 
non Tenn. Law School. He was inthe Tc.xan 
rangers in ihe war of Independence and the 
Mexican war, nn<l was afterward clerk of the 
Sup. Court of Texas. He com. the 5th Tc.xan 
cavalry ; was in the hatlle of Valvcrde ; in the 
attack on Galveston, and capture of "The 
Ilariiet Lane;" in the battle of Bisland ; 
commandeil the cavalry of DickTaylor's army ; 
defeated Gens, (irover and Weitzell at Bayou 
La Fourche ; and was niaile a maj.-gcn. for his 
lirilliant services, and put in command of the 
cavalry of the Trans-.Mississippi dept. He had 
a ii'al i:enlus for war. 

Groen, Gen. TitoMAS J., C.S.A., 1>. 1801 ; 
d at his roidencc in Warren Co., X.C., Dee. 
1.1. 1863. He was a Kcn. in the Texan war 
of independeni e, a member of the Texan Con- 
gress, the leader of the " Micr e.xped.," and 
one tif the land of " Mier prisoners." He was 
subsequently a State senator in Cat., and inaj.- 
Ken. of its militia. Author of " Journal of the 
Tixan r.x|iediiion against Mier," &c., 8vo, 
N Y.. 184.-.. 

Greene, William, i.'"V. of R.I. from 1743 
I.I his death, Feb. 23, 1 7.'i8, n. 62 ; many years 
clerk ol the County Court of Providence, and 
dep.jjov. in 1740. 



Greene, William, cot. of R.I. 1778 to 
17(<6, h. 17.32; d. Warwi.k, R. I., Nov. .30, 
1809. lie had liecn speaker of the assembly, 
anil chief justice. 

Green, Right Rlv. William Merceb, 
D.I) , llrsi Proi.-Epis. bishop of .M,.i , li. Wii- 
min-ton. X.C., .Mav 2, 1798. U. ol N.C. 
1818. (Inl. deacon,' 1821 ; priest, 1822: app. 
prof, of rhetoric in the U. i.f N C in 19.37 ; 
con.sec. bishop at Jackson, Fib. 24, 1850. 

Greene, 7..\.t:n\iu\n, Rcvol. soldier and 
rlercyman, b. Stafford, Ct., II Jan. 1760; d. 
Hcmpsteail, L.I., June 20, 1858. Darlm. Coll. 
1781. He 8crvc<l in the army, ami was en- 
fa^'cd on several occasions, until by a bullet- 
wound in his shoulder, at the luittic of White 
Marsh, in Dec. 1777, he was compelled to re- 
tire from the service. He then simlied for the 
ministry ; was pastor of the Iresb. ch. at 
Cutchoj;;ue, Soulhold, L.I., from June 28, 
1787. to 1797, and at Setaukct, from 1797 
until his removal to Hempstead in 1849. He 
was a chaplain in the army in the war of 1812. 

GreenhoW. Uouert. M.D (182I ), schol- 
ar, li. Kichniond. Va., 1800 ; d. San Francisco 
in thesprin- of 1854. Win. & .M. Coll. 1816. 
His (ailier Rolwrt was ma\or of Richmond; 
and his mother perished iit ihe burning' of iu 
theatre, Dec. 26, 1811. In 1SI5 he went to 
N.Y., where he studied medicine. He sub- 
sequently visited Euro|ie. and on returning; to 
N.Y. delivered a course of lectures before the 
Literary ami Pliilus. Society. He was in 1828 
app. translator of lan^uaiics in the dept. of 
State; in 1837 he ))ivpared by order of Con- 
^■ress a report u|>on the discovery of the X.W. 
coast of X.A. ; in 1848 be picscntwl to the 
X.Y. Hist. Soc. a )iaper in relation to the sup- 
posed missionary labors of .Arehhp. Fe'nelon 
( since foun<l toh.ive been tho^eof a hro.jamonj; 
the Iroquois Iinlians of X.Y. ; in 1850 he re- 
moved to Cal. ; in 1833 he was app. assoc. 
law-ajrent to the U.S. Land Com. He was a 
man of talent, and |iu.ssesscd an extraordinary 
meniorv. He pub. a " Hisiorv of Ure;;on and 
California," 1844; " llisi. of Tri(>oli. &c.," 
1835. His willow, Rosa (>. H. Ghleniiow, 
became a spy for the rcliels ; was for a time in 
the UM Capiiol Prison, but Hnally lost her life 
in aiicinplin;; to land from a blockade-runner 
in WilnniiL'ton harlwr. X.C, Sept. 20, 18C4. 

Greenleaf, Benjamin, ieaeher,iind author 
of a series of math, tcxt-liooks, b. Haverhill, 
Sept. 25, 1786; d Bradfonl, .Ms., Get. 29. 
1864. Darim. Coll. 1813. Principal of Brad- 
ford Acad. 181 ;-.36, and of the Bradford Teach- 
ers' Seminarv fnjm 1839 to 1848; reprvsented 
Bradfor.1 in ihe Ici-isl. in 1837-9. 

Greenleaf, Jonathan, D.I). (X.J. Coll. 
18611, ii. .Wwl.urvport, Sept. 4, 1785; d. 
Bi-ooklyn. N.Y., Apr. 24, 1865. Edward, 
his ancestor, settled iu X. in 1635. Moses, 
Ills father, was a cupt. in the Hcvoi. army. 
Jonathan was licensed to preach in Si'pt. 1814 ; 
was ord. over the church in Wells. Mar. 8, 
1815; dism. Sept. 1828; then KM.k char^T! of 
the Mariners' Church, Boston ; and was sec. 
of the Seamen's Fiieml Socieiy. In Dec. 
1833 he ri'movcd to X.Y., where' he editcil th« 
Siv'lor't Mw/asine ; and was sec. of the same 
society untd Nov. 1841. He or^^anizod and 



GRE 



383 



was pastor of llie Wallahout Presh. Church, 
Brooklyn, (rom Mar. 8, 1843, until hi- death. 
Author of " Skotohes of the Eccles. Hi>t. of 
JIainc," 1 S2I ; " Hist, of New- York Cliurches," 
184G; " Gencal. of the Grecnieaf Familv," 
N.Y., 9vo. 1?.54. — -Y E. U. cj- G. Rf^. 1867. 

Greenleaf, Moses, LL.D., hro. of the 
)>rc<i'(linL', author of " Statistical View of Me.," 
Hl«; •■ Survey of Me.." 1829; and the best 
nmpof that State; b. Ncwhurvport, 1778 ; d. 
Williani-hur^r, Mc., Mar. 20, 18.14. 

Greenleaf, Simon, LL.D. (II.U. 1834), 

an eminent jurist, hro. of the preceding, b. 
Newlmryport, Dec. 5, 1783; d. Cainhriilse, 
Oct. 6, iS.iS. Adni. to the bar in June, ISOG, 
he commenced practice in Standi-h. whence ho 
soon removed to Gray, where he lived 1 1 years, 
during which period, by unwearied industry, 
be laid the foundations of his p-reat legal learn- 
ing. In 1818 he removed to Portland, and 
entered upon a more extended practice. Upon 
the separation of Me. from Ms. and the estab- 
lishment of the Sup. Court, he was apn. its re- 
porter. Traversing the circuit with the judges, 
bis services were in demand in all parts of the 
State ; and bis practice became very extensive. 
His Reports, in 9 vols., contain the decisions 
of the court from 1820 to 1832, and exhibit full 
proof of his industry and accuracy. In the 
summer of 1833 he was app. RoyaM Prof of 
law at Cambrid^ie at the suggestion of Juilge 
Story, whom he succeeded in 1 846 as Dane Prof. 
In 184S he resigned, and was made emen'hjs 
prof. JIany years pres. of the Ms. Bible So- 
ciety. The beauty of his style and bis correct 
expositions of law have placed him as an author 
by the side of Bl.ackstone and Kent. Author 
of a "Treatise on the Law of Evidence," 3 
vols. ; " Remarks on the Exclusion of Atheists 
6S Witnesses ; " " An Examination of the Tes- 
timony of the Four Evangelists by the Rules 
o.'' Evidence mbninistered in the Courts of 
Justice, with an Account of the Trial of Jesus," 
and " Testamentary Counsels and Hints to 
C'liristians on the Right Distribution of their 
Property by Will ; " a " Treatise on the Origin 
anil Principles of Freemasonry," 1820; " Over- 
ruled, Denied, and Doubted Decisions and 
Dicta," 1 vol. 1840, afterward expanded to 3 
vols. ; Grimes's " Digest of the Law of Real 
Projicrty." 1849. 

GreenOUgh, Hor.vtio, sculptor, b. Bos- 
ton. Si])t. 6. 1805; d. Somerville, Ms., Dec. 
IS, 1S.J2. n.U. 1825. Son of a Boston 
merchant. His ideas of form were strongly 
marked in his youth; and he had a mechani- 
cal aptitude at imitating the objects which 
im)ires-ed themselves on his mind. At 
ll.irvaril he became acquainted with Wasli- 
ington .\llstou and others, who encourageil 
liim in bis (h'sign of becoming an artist; and 
he went to Italy in the autumn of 1825. He 
ntiivned to Bo-ton in 1826, and. alter niodel- 
lin-.' several Ini-ts, returned to Italy, fixing his 
residence in Florence. Ills industry was great ; 
and the following comprise but a part of the 
works upon which his fame rests : a statue 
of ".Mill." statue of Byron's " Mednra." the 
'■ Chanting Cherubs,"' " A-cen>ion of the 
Infant Siiirit," " Genius of America," statue 
of " Wasbinyion upon the Public Grounds of 



the National Capitol." the " An^el Abdiel," 
two ideal busts of " Heloise," ideal bust of 
the '■ Graces," bas relief of " Castor and 
Pollux," inonunicnt to " Guisii the Italian 
Poet," '• The Genius of Love," ideal bust of 
" Lucifer," of our " Saviour Crucified," 
monument to Mr. and Mrs. Gibhs, portrait 
statue of Miss Grinncl, statuette of " Venus 
Victrix," and of " Venus contending for the 
Golden Apple." He also executed busts of 
John Adams, John Qiiincy Adams, Henry 
Clay, Josiah Qnincy, Satnuel Appleton, Jona- 
than Mason, Thomas Cole, John Jacob Astor, 
Judge Marshall, and many others. 'I'hc ori- 
ginal design for the Bunker's Hi-U Monument 
was by him. Congress approjiriated $20,000 
for the monument to Washington, much cotn- 
niended for its purity of taste, loftiness of con- 
ception, accuracy of anatomical study, and 
n)ecbanical skill The colossal group, " The 
Rescue," for the National Capitol, occupied the, 
artist 8 years, and consists of four figures. 
He was a noble, kindly, and generous man. 
His Life and Essays were pub. in 18.'i3 by H. 
T. Tuckcrman. Rich.vrd S. GiiEiiSOUGH, a 
younger brother, is a successful sculptor. 

Greenup, Coi-. CHRisTot-iiER, gov. of 
Ky. (18U4-8). b. Va. 17.i0 ; d. Frankfort, Ky., 
April 27, 1818. He served throniih the Rev'ol. 
as a private and as an officer; at its close re- 
moved to Kv., where he was clerk of the Dist. 
Court; member of the legisl. ; M.C. 179.3-7; 
clerk of the State .seuate, and had the reputa- 
tion of a sound lawyer. 

Greenville, Sir Richard, navigator, b. 
Cornwall, E.ig., 1540 ; d. 1591. In his youth 
he served in the imperial army against the 
Turks, and was knighted in 1571. Joining 
Raleigh, bis relative, in his colonization 
schemes, he sailed in 1585 for America, with 7 
vessels carrying 1 08 colonists. June 20 he made 
the mainland of Carolina; narrowly escaped 
wreck on the cape, to which, in consequence, 
he gave the name Cape Fear ; explored the 
country for S days ; and Aug. 23, after landing 
the colonists under Ralph Lane, saikvl for 
Eng. The next year he reerossed the Atlantic 
with 3 ships laden with supplies, and found 
the colony broken up and the settlers gone, 
having been taken off by Sir Francis Drake. 
To keep possession of the counu-y, he left 15 
men on Roanoke Isl.ind ; returned to Eng., 
and was made vice-admiral. In 1591, in con- 
junction with Lord Howard, he was commis- 
sioned to intercept a rich Spanish fleet. With 
only 5 ships, he attacked the enemy's fleet of 
62 sail off the Azores. He sunk 4 of them, 
and killed 1,000 of the Spaniards; but, when 
bis own ship was about to sink, he was carried 
on board the Spani-b fleet, where be died, three 
(lavs after, of hi- wound-. 

Greenwood, Fk.\.vcis William Pitt, 
D.D., Unitarian dergvman and scholar, b. 
Bo-tou, Feb. 5. 1797 ; d. Aug. 2, 1843. II.U. 
1814. He studied theology under Dr. Ware; 
became. Oct. 21, 1818, pastor of tlie New South 
Church, Boston, withdrawing on account of 
ill health the next year; then resided a year 
in Euro|e. and, after his return in 1821, VweA 
2 years in Baltimore, where he edited tho 
Unitarian Miscellany. His health being partial- 



cmvi 



384 



ORS 



ly reslorcil, he bccnmc, Aujj. 29, 1824, nnsoc. 
[uini:itvr with ihe Rev. Dr. Krecinan orKin);'^ 
Chapel, Boston, of which in 182" ho hecamo 
sole iHislor. Ill 18.17-8 he was iissoc. cililor of 
the C'liiislian Examiner, and also contrili. to the 
iV. Aiiier. /Irviiw and to the Chrinliun Dinniyle. 
In 18.37 he visited Ciiha for his health, and its 
turned somewhat restored. lie was learned in 
the natural sciences, especially coneholo:;y and 
botany ; and was an cnrly member of the Bos- 
ton Society of Natural History, to whose ./oi/r- 
fuit he was a contrib. In 1827 he pub. " Lives 
of the Apoviles ; " in ISaO a Coll. of Hymns; 
in 1833 •' Discourses on the History of Kinjj's 
Chnpcl ; " " Sermons for Children ; " ond " Ser- 
mons of Consolation," 1842. Hon. S. A. 
Eliot edited 2 vols, of his sermons, prefacing 
them with a Memoir; and a vol. of his miscel- 
laneous writinjjs was pub. by his son, 12mo, 
Boston, 1846. 

Greenwood, Isaac, the first prof, of 
niiitlieiiiuiics Hiid natural ptiiloso|)hy in Amer- 
ica, b. May 7, 1702; d. Charlestown, Ms., 
Oct. 22, 1745. H.U. 1721. Hollis I'rof. ot 
H.U. 13 Feb. 1728-13 July, 1738. He pub. 
an urithmelic, 1729; and a pliilos. discourse 
occasioned hy the death of Thomas Hollis, 
the founder of the professorship, in Apr. 1731. 
- Eliot. 

Greenwood, Miles, manufacturer, b. 
Jersey (.iiy, .\.J., March 19, 1807. He re- 
moved 10 the West with his father in 1817, and 
settled near Cincinnati. In 1832 he com- 
menced, on the Miami Canal, the K.agle Iron 
Works, which speeclil)- became the largest 
maniifactoiy of tlie West. It was destroyed 
by tire in 1846, but was soon rebnilt. He was 
one of the originators of the Ohio Mechanics' 
Institute ; contrib. largely to the erection of 
their present building ; and was mainly in- 
stnimental in introducing steam fire-engines. 

Gregg, AxDKEW, US. senator, b. Carlisle, 
Pa., June 10, 1755; d.Bellcfonte.May 20, 1835. 
He received n classical education, and for 
several years was tutor in the U. of I'a. In 
1789 he removed to the then wilderness of 
Pcnn's Valley, where he engaged in agrienl- 
tninl operations. M. C. 1791-1807; U. S. 
senator, 1807-13; president /nio fein. 1809! In 
1814 he removed to Belleftinte; and in 1820 
was ap]), sec. of the Stale of Ha. 

Gregg, David McM., brev. inaj.-cen. U.S. 
v,)ls., b. I'a. 1834. Wtst Point, 1855. En- 
tering the 1st Dragoons, he served in the cam- 
pni!;ns of 1858-60 against the Indians of 
Washington and Oregon ; capt. 6th Cav. 14 
May, 1861 ; col. 8th I'a. Cav. 24 J^in. 1862; 
brig.-gen. vols. 29 Nov. 1862. He was in the 
battles of the Peninsular campaign, Mar.-Aug. 
1862; com. dlvi>ion of cav in Army of the 
Potomac, Dec. 1862, to June, 1863; "and en- 
gage.l nt Beverl.'y Fori^, Aldie, Getty.ibnrg, 
liiipidan Station, and Now Hope Church, 27 
Nov. 1863; com. 2d cav. division, 6 April, 
1864, to 3 Feb 1865, in the Hichmond cam- 
paign, and in all the principal actions of that 
period, in Army of the Potomac ; com the 
cav. of that arinv from Aug. 1, 1864, till his 
resignation, 3 Jcb. 1865, and engnged at 
Todd's Tavern, Howes Shop, TrcviUian Sta- 
tion, Darbytown, Deep Bottom, Rcams's 



Station, Boydton Plank-Road, &.c. ; brev. 
maj -gen. vol's. 1 Aug. 1864, for dist. conduct, 
particularly in rcconnoissancc Charles City 
Road. Farmer near Milford, Del., since 1865. 
— Cullum. 

Gregg, John, brig.-gen. C.S.A., b. ab. 
1828; killed near Petersburg, Va., Oct. 7, 
1864. Com. a Texas brigade. 

Gregg, John 1., brev, brig.-gen. U S.A., 
b. Pa Capt. 11th U.S. Iiif Mexican war; 
capt. 6th U.S. Cav. May, 1861 ; col. 16th I'a. 
Cav. Oct. 1862; com. cav. brigade, Army of 
the Potomac, Apr. 1863 to Apr. 1865, in 
nearlv all the principal Imitles in Va., includ- 
ing Kelly's Ford, Aldie, Oettysbur;:, Sulphur 
Springs, Cold Harlior, Devp Bottom (severely 
wounded). Five Forks, Amelia C.H. (wonnd- 
cd ), Sailor's Creek, and Farmville ; brev. brig.- 
gen. U.S.A. for gallant and merit, service 
during the war ; col. 8th U. S. Cav. July 28, 
1866 

Gregg, Maxcy, gen. C.S.A. , b. Columbia, 
S.C., 1814; killed in battle Dec 13, 1862. 
S.C. Coll. 1836. Son of James Oregg, an 
eminent lawyer of Colnmbia. He studied 
law. and was odm. to the bar in 1839; app. 
major 12th Inf. March 24, 1847, and served 
until the close of the Mexican war. Many 
years col. of a regt of S.C. militia, and was a 
prominent incmlwr of the Stnte convention in 
Dec. I860, in which he was one of the com. to 
prepare the ordinance of secession. He sub 
sequently entered the Confed service as col 
1st S.C. regt. ; was made a brig.-gen. soon 
afterward ; was disting. in several engagements 
in Va. ; and was killed at the battle of Freder- 
icksburg. — reiiHC-/, llisl. of lite H.MIion. 

Gregory, FnAXCis H., reur-adm. U.S.N'., 
b. Noiwalk, Ct., Oct. 9, 1789; d. Brooklyn, 
N.y., Oct. 4, 1866. He first entereil the mer- 
chant-service; became n niidshipin:in, Jan 16, 
18n9; lieut. June 28. 1814; com. Apr. 28, 
1828; capt. Jan. 18, 1838; rearadm. (retired 
list) July 16, 1862. His first services were 
near the Balize, where he captnred an English 
brig having 120 slaves on lioard,also a schoon- 
er fitting for pirntieal pnrjioses ; had n night- 
action with a privateer, whi< h be disabled and 
drove off the coast ; and tiHik a Spanish pirnle 
of 14 guns. While serving on Lake Ontario 
under Channcey, in the war of 1812, he was 
captured in Aug. 1814; sent to Eng , ond con- 
fined 18 months. He next served 3 years in 
the Mediterranean under Com. Shaw, whoso 
dau. he married. From 1821 to 1823 he com. 
" The Grampus " in the W. Indies. Near St. 
Cniix he captnred the notorious pirate brig 
" Panchiia," a vessel far superior lo his own 
in weight of metal and number of men. Ho 
com. the frigate " Roritan " in the Mexican 
war. His last sea-service was in com. of the 
African si|uadron. Durinir the Rclicllion he 
su|>eriiitended the construction of iron-elmls. 

Greive, Georgk, b. Eng. 17.50; d Franco 
after 1 793. Translalorof Chastclinx' Meinoim; 
see. of the Bill of Rix'hts Club; was in Anier. 
in 1781-2; lived afterwanl in France, engaged 
in lit. pnrsnits. — Ifisl. Mai). 1870. 

Grellet, Stephkx. a Quaker preacher, b. 
France, 1773; d Burlington, N..J., Nov. 16, 
1855. His parents being of the household of 



&RE 



585 



Louis XVI., he was brought up in the Catholic 
faiili, and educated at the Military Coll. of 
Lyons. At the aje of I" he hreame one of 
the body-fjiiard of the king ; made his escape 
fn>in the homirs of ihe Rcvol. ; and in 1795 
came to N. Y. He shortly after joined the 
Quakers; removed to Phila. ; and, durin}; the 
prevalence of the yellow-lever in 1798, wa.s in- 
defatigable in ministerinj; to the sick, the dying, 
and the afflicted. During this trying season 
he became impressed with the idea that it was 
Ills duty to go abroad, and publish the gospel ; 
for which purpose, in 1800 he made an exten- 
sive tour through the Southern States as far as 
Ga., and in 1801 through N.K. and Canada. 
In 1799 he returned to N.Y., where he estab- 
lished himself in business; and in 180+ m. Re- 
becca, dau. of L<aac Collins, publisher. Con- 
tinuing his ministrations, Grellet, in 1807, 
went to the south of Fiance, in 1812 to Eng. 
and Germany, in 1816 to Hayii.and in 1818on 
a tour through Europe. At Rome he stood, 
together with his companion Wra. Allen, before 
Pius VU., who listened to the exhortations of 
GrcUet with the greatest respect and courtesy. 
lie returned home in Aug. 18M. In 18.31-4 
he made another missionary excursion through 
Europe. His Memoirs, by Bunj Seebohm, were 
puh., 2 vols. 8vo, 1860. 

Grenier, Joux, author of the famous 
" Log-eabin Songs " of the polit. campaign of 
1840, b. 1810; d. Toledo, O., 1.3 May, 1S71. 
Went when a hoy to Ohio ; was at one time 
editor of the Slate. /onrmil, and :ifterwardof tlie 
Gazette at Columbus, and of the Zanesville City 
Times. Ajip. Indian agent by Pres. Taylor. 

Grenville, George, an Eng. statesman, 
reputed author of the famous Stamp Act, 
b. Oi-t. 14, 1712 ; d. Nov. 13, 1770. Eiliicated 
at Cambridge U., where he acquired great pro- 
ficiency in mathematics He studied law, and 
represented Buckingham County in parliament 
from 1741 till his death. After tilling several 
subordinate offices, he was made sec. of state 
in 1762, and was chancellor of the exche- 
quer and first lord of the treasury in 1763-.i. 
He was far the ablest man of business in the 
House of Coiumons, and disting. for knowledge 
and eloqu.iice. His son TiiOM.vs (17.55-1846) 
was one of the agents employed in negotiating 
the treaty of peace between Great Britain and 
the U.S. in 1782-3. 

Grevyle, Lord Charles Moxt.igue, 
gov. of S.C. 1766-73, b. May 29, 1741; d. 
Jan. 17S4. Second son of Robert, 3d Duke of 
Manchester. He was a knight of the shire for 
Huntington, and was at one time gov. of Ja- 
maica. 

Grey, Charles, Earl, a British gen., b. 
Oct. 23, 1729; d. Nov. 14, 1807. Aide de- 
camp to Prince Ferdinanil in Germany and to 
Wolfe at IJuebcc ; app. lieut.-col. June 27, 
I76I; com. the 98th regt. at the capture of 
Belle Isle in 1763 ; col. Dec 20, 1772 ; and ac- 
companied H'nve to Boston in 1775, who gave 
him the local rank of maj.-gen. On the night 
.of Sent. 21, 1777, he surprised Gen. Wayne 
near Paoli, and defeated him with great slaugh- 
ter, using only the bayonet. He took an active 
part in the battle of Germantown, Oct. 4, 1777 ; 
destroyed the shipping and stores at New Bed- 



ford and Martha's Vineyard in the autumn 
of 1778; and Sept. 7, 17'78, surprised and cut 
to pieces Baylor's dragoons ?.t Tappau. For 
these and other important services in this war, 
he was made a lieut.-gen. and app. com.-in- 
chief in N.A. in Jan. 1783. He was employed 
in Flanders in 1793; captured Martinique and 
St. Lucie in 1794; made gen. in 1795; was 
raised to the peerage in 1801; and in 1806 be- 
came an earl. His eldest son was the celebrat- 
ed statesman of the same name. 

Gridley, Jicremt, a disting. law. b. Bost., 
10 Mar. 1702; d. Brookline, Ms.,Sept. 10, 1767. 
H U. 1725. He was some years an assist, in 
the grammar-school in Boston ; studied theolo- 
gy ; and occasionally preached. He then de- 
voted himself to the law, and, soon after his 
admission to the bar, instituted a weekly news- 
paper called the Rehearsal, the first number of 
which appeared Sept. 29, 1731. At the end of 
a year he was compelled to relinquish this un- 
dertaking hy the increase of his professional 
business. Having been elected a member of 
the General Court from Brookline, he became 
a decided opponent of the measures of the 
British ministry ; notwithstanding which he 
was a|)p, atty.-gen. of the Province of .Ms. Bay, 
in which capacity he was obliged to defend the 
obnoxious " writs of assistance," .and encoun- 
tered the powerful opposition of his former 
pupil, James Otis. Besides his high legal sta- 
tion, he was col. of militia, grand master of 
Freemasons, and pres. of the Marine Soc. He 
was a m:in of great legal attainments, of fine 
talents, of disting. le.irning and virtue. 

Gridley, Maj.-Gem. Richard, a disting. 
soldier, bro. of Jeremy.b. Boston, Jan.3,171 1 ; 
d. Canton, Ms., June 20, 1790. Had great reputa- 
tion as an artillerist ; was chief engr. in the 
reduction of Louisburg in 1745; again entered 
the army as chief engr. and col. of inf. in 
1755; was engaged in the exped to Crown 
Point in 1756, under Gen. Winslow ; and 
planned the fortifications around Lake George. 
He served under Amherst in 1758, and, with 
Wolle, ascended to the Plains of Abraham, and 
fought the French at the capture of Quebec. 
For his services the British Govt, gave him 
Magdalen Island, with half-pay, which was 
continued to him during his life. He es- 
poused the patriot cause with ardor in 1775, 
and was ap]>. chief engineer and com. of the 
artillery of the Colonial army. He it was 
thai laid out so skilfully the works on Bun- 
ker's Hill the night before the battle of 
.June 17, 1775. Though then 65 years old, ho 
was exposed to the severest fire of the enemy 
during the whole engagement. Late in the 
day bo was wounded by a mnsket-ball in the 
thigh He was active in planning the fortifica- 
tions around Boston ; commissioned maj. gen. 
by the Prov. Congress, Sept. 20, 1775; and 
com. of the Continental art., but was in Nov. 
superseded by Knox. He was active on the 
memonvble night when Dorchester Heights 
were fortified. — AV/Fi/t Deni. Aug. 27, 1841. 

Grier (greer), Robert Cooper, jurist, h. 
Cumberland Co., Pa., .March 5, 1794; d. 
Phila. .Sept. 26, 1870. Dick. Coll. 1812. His 
father, a Presb. clergyman, rcmoveil to Lyco- 
ming Co. ill the full of 1794, and, bcin^' a 



ORl 



886 



superior >chulnr, Iniight his son T^iin anil 
Gi'd'k. Hi' luiiirlit ilic crninmnr scliucil of the 
coll. till li*l3, when he rviurneil to N'oriliuin- 
ht-rlanil, Pa , to aiil hi* father in his college 
iluties. After his fiitlu-r's ilenth in 1815, he 
siiC'O-Ucil him as prinri|>nl ; Mudieil hiwnt the 
•ianie lime ; and in 1817 commcnceil |>nu'tice m 
Bl»om-bnr^', Columhia Co., Pa. Settling; in 
D inville ill ISIS, his practice rapidly increojcU ; 
and Mov •», IS-IS, he wiu app. pres. judge of 
the Dist. Court of Alleghany Co. He removed 
In Piii«burs! in Oct. nf the same year, and rc- 
Kidcd ill Allechaiiy City till Sept. 1848, when 
he removed to Phi'n. Aiii;. 4, 1846, he was 
nomiiiatetl hy Pres. Polk one of the jiisi ices of 
the U..S. Supreme Court. He possessed sound 
jiid;;ment, great leiial knii\vled;;e,an<l thorough 
integrity. He resigned his seat in 1869, on 
aet'oiiiit of iiitirm health. 

Grier, Wilmam Niciioi,sos. brev. bri^.- 
p.11. U.S.A., b. Pa. West Point, laio. Kiiter- 
iii^' the I SI Dragoons, he liccamc eapt. 23 Aug. 
1846 : maj. 2d Drags. 20 Apr. 1861 ; lieui.- 
col. 1st Cuv. 15 Feb. 1862 ; col. 3d Cav , and 
ret. 31 Aug 1866 ; brev. br.-pcn. 13 .Mar. 1865. 
He saw much frontier service ; won the brev. 
nf niaj. 16 Mar. 1848 for galbintry at Sjntn 
Cruz do Uosales, Mexi'-o; in the Apache ex|H.'d. 
1849-5U, and wounded ; in exped. a'jainst the 
Indians in Wash. Terr. 18"i7-8; ami com. his 
regt. in the Peninsular campaign, .\lar.-Ang. 
1862; and wis wounded at the h.ittle of 
William-I.uri;, Va., 5 .May, 1S62. — Ciilliim. 

Grierson, Benj.\min H., brev. in.-.j.-gcn. 
U.S.A., I.. Pittsburg'. Pa., July, 18.17. Emig. 
at an early age to Trumb Co , 0. ; afterward 
ill the produce-business at Jacksonville, 111. 
Wlicn the civil war broke out he went on the 
SI. ill' of Gen. Premiss; was made maj. 6th 
III. cav. ; col. 2S .Mar. 1862; and in Dw. took 
com. of a cav. brigade. He w.is engageil in 
nearly all the cav. skirmishes and raids in W. 
Teiin. and X. Mpi., and made a successful 
cavalry raid from La Grange (17 Apr.-2 May, 
186.'t) to Baton Rouge to facilitate Gen. 
Grant's openitions on Vicksburg, destroying 
railroad-bridges, de'pots, and rolling-stock ; 
brig.-gcn. vols. 3 June, 1863; maj.-gc:i. 27 
Mav, 1865; brev. brig, and innj. gen. U.S.A. 
2 .Mar. 1S67 fur his raid of Dec. 1864 in Ark.; 
col. lOih U.S. Cav. 28 July, 1866. 

Griffin, Charles, brev. maj. -gen. U.S.A., 
b. Li. king Co., I).. 1826; d. Galveston, Sept. 
15. 1S67. West Point, 1847. Entering the 
4tli Art., he U-canic 1st liciit. June 30, 1849 ; 
lapt Sill Art. Apr. 25, 1861 ; and brig.-^rn. 
vols. July 9, 1 862. With his battery, he fought 
with hiToic bravery at the first Bull Knn; 
8cr>e<l in MoreU's division of Kitijohn Por- 
ter's corps in the campaign of the Chickahom- 
iny. wiiinin? especial disiinction at Gaines's 
Mill au'l at .M.ilvern Hill ; was present at the 
sicond battle of Bull liun, Aug. 28, 1862, and 
was chargcil by Gen. Pope in his report with 
liavini.' rxfrained from taking part in the action, 
while he "spent the day in making illnaturol 
strictures iii>on the com. gen." He was ar- 
rested for trial on this charge, but was released 
that he might take part in McClellan's cam- 
paii:ii in .Md. in Sept., and took a distinguished 
part Kt Antietam. In Dec. ho took com. of a 



division ; fought under Bumside at Frcdcr 
irksbiirg ; Ivrc biins^'lf gallantly through 
Ho>iker"» brief campaign in Va. ; was picsent 
at Gettysburg ; and was conspicuous in all the 
engagements from the WildtTiic«s to the Five 
Forks, where he so disiin;;. himself as tu be 
assigned to the coinmaml of the 5th corjx, in 
which capacity he rx'ceived the arms and colora 
ol the Army of Xonheni Va. July 28, 1866, 
he was made col. 35ih Inf. ; maj. -gen. U.S. 
vols. 2 Apr. ISC5. In the lullowiiig winter he 
was ordere<l 10 GalvesKm to take com. of the 
depait. of Texas. He was brev. maj. U.S .V. 
for Bull Run ; lieut.-<'ol. fur the Imiilcs of the 
Wilderness ; col. for battle uf W.ldon Itail- 
road ; brig.-L-cn for Five Forks; an I maj. -gen. 
13 Mar. 18C5 for merit, services during the 
Rel)'.ilion. 

Qriffln, CVKUS, jurist, h. Va. 1749; d. 
Yorkiown, Va., Dec. 14, 1810. Kdncatcd in 
Eiig., ami connected by marriage with a noble 
family there, he yet gave early ailhc^ion to the 
patriot cause ; was a nicml»er of the Va. b'gis. ; 
mem'ier of the Old Congress in 1778-81 ond 
in 1787-8, and its prt~^. in 1788; pres. of the 
Sup. Court of Adiniialiy until iis abolition; 
coniinis. in 1789 to llie Creek Nation ; judge of 
the U.S. Dist. Court fur Va from Dee. 1789 
until bis dialh. — /'orljUio, /Vc 1811. 

Griffin, Eumisd Donn, scholar, h. Wy- 
oming. Pa.. .Sept 10. 1804; d New York, 
Sept. 1, 1810. Col. Coll. 1823. wiib the first 
honors. .Son of George, a ieailiiig nienilxrr 
of the N.V. bar, by a dau. of Col. Zebulon 
Butler. He stndicil law a shoit lime; iheii 
studied divinity; and in Aug. 1826 was adm. 
to deacoi's onlers; assist, iiiiiiister of St. 
James's Chiircli. Ilamilion Stpmrc, near N.V. 
City, and of Chrisr Chun h in the city, when 
he was com|>ellcd by a ihieaiened affection of 
the lungs to abandon ihc laliurs of the church 
and the study; and in Oct. 1828 sailed for 
Eunipe, and returned to N.Y. in April, 18.30. 
In the following May and June he delivered 
lectures upon Kuinan, Italian, aiiil English 
litenitiirc. His bro Francis pub. two vols, of 
his " Remains," with a Memoir bv Rev. John 
MacVicar, 1831. 

Griffin, Edward Dorr. D. D. (Un. 
Coll. I8<i8), divine, b. K. Iladdam, Ct., 6 Jan. 
1770; d. Newark, N.J., 8 Nov. 18.17. Y.C. 
1790. lie stuili<'d ilieol. niiiler the s«'conil 
Pres IMwnrds at N. Hat en ; was pastor of the 
Cong, church of N. Hariford. 4 June, 1795- 
1800; of the Prcsb. cliiir.h, Newark, N.J.. 20 
Oct. 1SII1-1809 ; of the Park stuvt Chunh, 
Bo-inii. .-il July. 1811-1815; of the 2d PrCsb. 
Chunh. Newark, 1815-21; prof, of rhciuric 
All I. Thcd. Sem. 21 June. 1809-11; pres. 
Wms. C.dl. 1821-36. Author of " Uctua-s 
del. in Park-street Clinnb. Boston." 8vo, 
1813 ; and a vol. of Sermon-. 1844. A seli'C- 
tion from his works, with a Memoir of his Life 
bv Uev. Dr. Sprague, was pnb 2 voU. 18.39; 
■• liecollcctions of Rev. E. 1). Griffin," bv Par- 
sons Cooke, 8vo. 1856. 

Griffin, (icOROE, lawvcrand authur, h. E. 
Haiblain. Ct, 14 Jan. 1778; d. N.Y. Ciiv, 6 
Mav. 1860. V.C. 1797. Bro. of E.lw. Dorr 
Gi'iffln. Liiclif. T.aw School. Ailro. tu the bar 
1799; practised ia Wilkesbarrc, Pa., 6 years. 



GRI 



38' 



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niid snbstqucntly in N. Y. City. He puli. 
" Siiffcrinu'S of Oiii' Saviour," " Kvidc'iices of 
C'liiisriaiiity," anil " The Gospel its own Ad- 
vocati'." \$oO. — Necrol. iVe Coll. 

GriflB.th, John, preacher of the Society 
of Krii'iiils ; came to Amor, in 1726, and trav- 
elled ilir.]n<:h N.J., Ta, &c. ; author of IJrief 
Reniarlis," Lond. Svo, 1764; "Journal of 
Life. Travels, and Labors," Svo, 1779. — 
Amom: 

Griflaths, John Willis, b. N. Y. City, 
Oct. 6, 180'J. Senior editor of the \imliml 
Mafint'ine. Author of " Treatise on Naval and 
Marine Architecture," N.Y., 4to. 1830; "Ship- 
niiilcler's Manual and Nautical Referee," N.Y., 
4 to. — Allilmie. 

GriffittS, Samdel Powell, M.D., phy- 
sfcian ami philanthropist, b. Phila. July 21, 
17.59 ; d. there May 12, 1826. He received a 
classical education at the Coll. of I'hila. ; stud- 
died medicine in the schools of Paris, Mont- 
pellier, London, and Edinhur^h, during three 
years, returning to Phila. in the fall of 1784, 
anil establishing himself in practice there. In 
1786 he founded the Phila. Dispensary; was 
vice-piTS. of the Coll. of Physiciijns from 1817 
till his death ; prof, of materia medica in the 
U. of Pa. from 1792 to 1796 ; physician to the 
dis]icnsary 7 years, and was an active member 
of the Humane Society, the Philos. Society, 
and the Pa. Society for the Abolition of Sla- 
viry. At a general convention forthe formation 
of a Pharmacopceia, held at Washington, June 
1, 1 820. he laid before that body an " Essay of 
a Pharmacopceia," of which he was the ))rin- 
cipal author. In the great pestilence of 179;J, 
ami the epidemics of 1797-9, 1802, and 1805, 
h"' remained at his post regardless of personal 
danger, and performed the most laborious ami 
lia/.ardous services. He displayed great zeal 
and activity in relieving the suffering and 
destitution of the French emigrants from St. 
Domingo in 179.3-4, and collected S12,000 for 
their aid. He was also active in establishing, 
under the auspices of the Phila. Yearly Meet- 
ing of Friends, an institution for the relief of 
persons mentally deranged. One of the editors 
of the Eclectic Jitjjiriori/, and was a man 
of great industry, humanity, and piety. — 

Griggs, John, an eminent publisher, b. 
Cornwall, Eng., 1792 ; d. Phila. 2 Aug. 1864. 
Left an orphan, he followed the sea ; came to 
Richmond, Va. ; became a bookseller's clerk 
in Phila. in 1816 ; commenced the business on 
his own account in 1823; was highly success- 
ful, and withdrew with a large fortune in 18.50. 
The business of this house, now one of the 
largest in the U.S., is carried on by Messrs. J. 
B. Lippincott & Co. His son, John Warner, 
d. Aug. 1869, leaving to various charities in 
Phila. ?1 1 7.000. 

Grigsby. Hiioii Blair, LL.D. (Wm. & 
M. Coil. 183.")), historical writer, b. Norfolk, 
Va., 1806. Chancellor of Wm. & M. Coll. 
1871. Son of Rev. Benj. Memlwrof the Va. 
convention of 1829-30, respecting which be 
delivered an address in 1853 before the Va. 
Hist. So». He also del. a discourse on the 
Va. convention of 1776 before the Coll. of 
Wm. and Mary, July 3, 1855, pub. Svo, 1S55; 



and on L. W. Tazewell before the b:ir of Nor- 
folk, 29 June, 1860. Among his coniribs. to 
the Southern Lit. Messemjcr is a paper on the 
Raiulolph Library. — Allibone. 

Grijalva (gre-lml'-va), Juan de, the first 
Spanish navigator who landed on the coast 
of .Mexico, b. Cuellar ; slain by the Indians 
in Nicaragua, Jan. 21, 1527. Velasquez, gov. 
of Cuba, his uncle, gave him the com. of a 
fleet of 4 vessels, which. May 1, 1518, sailed 
from St. Jago do Cuba to complete the dis- 
coveries made by Fernandez de Cordova in 
Yucatan in 1517. He coasted the Peninsula 
of Yucatan ; explored as far as the Province 
of Panuco, giving his name, and that of his 
companion Alvarado, to two rivers on the 
coast. On his return, he was reproached by 
Velasquez for having neglected to plant colo- 
nies on the coast. Grijalva, a man of integrity 
and prudence, had acted strictly in accordance 
with his instructions, and against his owu 
juduMiicnt. 

Grimes, James Wilson, LL.D. (Dartm. 
Coll.), statesman, b. Dcering, N.H., Oct. 20, 
1816. Dartm. Coll. 1836. Emigrating to the 
West, he began to practise law at Burlington, 
Iowa, in 1836; was in 1839, and often after- 
ward, a member of the Iowa Terr. Asscmblv ; 
gov. of Iowa, 1854-8 ; U.S. senator, 1859-71 ; 
del.toPfnc. Con. '61 ; d. Burlington, leii S'72 
Grimke, Frederic, jurist, bro. of T. S., 
b. Charleston, S.C., Sept. 1 , 1 791; d. Chi!- 
licothe, O., Mar. 8, 1863. Y.C. I8I0. Some 
years prcs. judge of the C.C.P. of Ohio. In 
1836-41 he wiis a judge of the O. Supreme 
Court. Author of a work on the " Nature and 
Tendencies of Free Institutions," 1848, and 
of an essay on " Ancient and Modern Lite- 
rature." 

Grimke, John Faucheraud. LL.D. 
(N.J. Coll. 1789), judge of the Sup. Court of 
S.C. ; d. Aug. 1819. A col. in the Revol. 
army. He pub. a "Revised Edition of tlj' 
Laws of S.C. to 1789," "On the Duty o'' 
Ju-tices of the Peace,"" AProbate Dircctorv,' 
" Public Law of S.C," Phila. 1790, 4to. 

Grimke, Thomas Smith, LL.D. (Y.C. 
1830), scholar and philanthropist, son of 
Col. John F., b. Charleston, S.C, Sept. 26, 
1786; d. of cholera near Columbus, Ohio, 
Oct. 11,1834. y.C.1807. He studied law at 
Charleston under Langdon Cheves, and rose 
to eminence at the bar and in the politics of 
his State. Among his more noted efforts were 
a speech in the State senate on the tariff ques- 
tion in 1828 in support of the Gen. Govt., and 
an argument on the constitutionality of the 
S.C. test act of 1834. He became one of the 
first classical scholars in the country. He 
contrib. both by purse and pen to the Anicr. 
Peace Society, of which be was an able and 
disling. advocate, holding the opinion that 
even defensive warfare is wicked. He pub. 
several addresses and orations on various sub- 
jects, a volume of which was pub. at N. Haven 
in 1831. 

Grimshaw, William, author of school 
histories ami grammar, b. 1782, Grceiicastle, 
Ireland ; d. Phila. 1852. Emig. to Amer. in 
1815, and lived many years in Phila. He ]iub. 
" Lilc of Kapoleon ; " " Etymological Die- 



GRI 



888 



GRI 



lionBrv," 1821 ; " Grntk'mcn'!! nnil Ladies' 
Lexicons," 18i9; " Mirchiini's Liiw-Himk ; " 
" Form Book," " American I'hf.nicrrirlil," ic. 

Grinnell, Mo^tKS H., mi-rclntiu. h. New 
BeJiuril, Ms., Mar. 3, 1803; was edueaied at 
priv.iie ttchuuU mid at Friends' Acad. ; wait 
bred a merchant, and fn-qiienilv went ahroml 
as snpcrcargo. The di^tin;;. firm of (irinnell, 
Minlurn, & Co., took that title in ISJ'J, thuu'.'h 
foundeil mnny vears heforc by Joseph (irinnell 
and I'rcservcd Vi-li. He was one of the pro- 
moiers of Dr. Kiitie's arctic cxjied. l?5-l-5; 
tolli.ctorof the port of X.V. 1869-71 : M.C. 
l».t'.l-41. Joseph, his bro., also a disiin;:. 
nicn'hant, and M C. from Ms. 184-1-52 ; b. IT 
Nov. 1788. 

Griscom, John, LL.D., etiucalor, b. Han- 
coiks lirid-e. Sal.m Co., N.J., Sept. 27, 1774; 
d. liiirliii-ton, X. J., Feb. 2G, I8;i2. lie be- 
lon;.'ed to a faiiiily of Friends. Bc;:an to teach 
at the a;;e of 17, at the same time laliorini; on 
a farm; simlitd at the Friends' Acail. at I'hila. ; 
had charije of the Friemls' monthly meeting 
school in BnrIin;;ion 13 years; delivered a 
conrsc of pnldic lectures on chemistry in his 
schoolroom in 1806: removed to N.V. in 1807, 
and taiij;lit there 25 years. In 1818-19 he 
travelled extensively in Knropc, publishini;. on 
his return, " A Year in Europe," 2 vols. 182.). 
He was instrumental in foumlin^ the Society 
for the prevention of Pauperism in 1817 ; was 
6 years its sec., ami the author of many of its 
reports and appeals, lie also projected the 
K.Y. high school, which was under bis su|ier- 
vision. He was a short time prof, of chemistry 
in Rutgers Med. Coll , and delivered a 
course of lectures on nat. pliilos. iRlore the 
Mercantile Library Assoc, in the winter of 
1829-.')0. In 1832" he laugbt a Friend>' board- 
inir-schoi>l at Providence, R I. ; also leciurin;; 
on iheniistry and nat. philos. The latter part 
I'f his life was spent in Burlington, X.J , dis- 
chir^ing the iluties of town superintendent, 
and trustee of the public schools, ami n-organ- 
i/in;; the common-school system of N. J. His 
Menioir, by his son, was pub. in N.Y. 1859. — 

Griscom, Joiik IlnsKiNS, physician, son 
of ihe )ire<etling, b. N.Y. Aug. 14,' 1809. U. 
of Pa. 1832. He studied medicine under Profs, 
(iodman and Valentine Mott ; became res. 
physician of the X.Y. Hospital; was prof, of 
chemisiry in the X.Y. Coll. or Pharmacy from 
18.16 to 1840. and has been visiting physician 
of the N. Y. Hospital since 1843. Froiii 1848 
to 1851, he wiu gen. ayent of the commission- 
ers of emigration. He has pnh. " Animal 
Mechanism and Physiology," 1839 ; "Sanitary 
Coiiilition of the Laboring Classes of N.Y. ;'' 
'• I'-esand .\buses of Air, anil the Means for 
the Ventilation of BuiMings," 1850; an Ora- 
tion liefore tbo Acad, ol .Medicine, 1854 ; and a 
Memoir of his father. 18.'>9. 

GriSWOld, ALK.X.tNDF.R ViKTTS, D.D. 

, (B.r. anil X..). Colls. 1811), Pr. Kp. Bishop 
of the Kastirn l)iix-ese. b. Jsinishurv, Ct , Apr. 
22. 1766; d. Boston, Feb. 15, I84°3. He tol- 
lowcil the occupation of his father, who was a 
farmer, for many vears, dcvolini; all his leisure 
time to study, until the at.'e of 29, when he was 
adm. to buly ordeis. He offi. iaied in his na- 



tive Swic ; and in .May, 1804, i^'movcd lo Brin- 
lol, R. I., where he liecamc rector of St. Mi- 
chael's Cliunh, also leaching school. In 1810 
ttie Eastern Diocese was organi/.ed ; and May 
29, 1811, Dr. (iriswold was conscc. its first 
bishop. Thungh a man of gn-at simplii ity of 
manners, he soon liecaini* known as one ol the 
most saj;acious as well as learneil t-cclesiastics 
of the country, and was for 10 years chancellor 
of Brown U. In 1829 he n-m'ovol to Salem, 
Ms., and became rector of St. Peter's Churvh 
in that ciiy, and, a few years snb.«eqnently, to 
Boston, where he resided until his death. On 
the death of Bishop White, in 18.36, be l>ei-nme 
presiding bishop. He pub. •• (Jn the Reforma- 
tion and the Apostolic Office," 1843; '•Ser- 
mons," 8vo, Phila. 1830; "Prayers," N.Y. , 
" Remarks on Social Prayer-.Meetings." A 
Life of Bishop (iriswold has lievn pub. bv Rev. 
J. S. Stone. D.I).. Phila., 8vo. 

GriSWOld, C. C. Iand.«i-ape-painicr, b. 
nelaware, O.. 18.34. His gmndfathor was a 
bro of Bishop G. Ezra, his fatlicr, as>isted itl 
editing and publishing the first newspa|ier in 
Columbus, (!). C. C, the youn'.;cst of 5 bros., 
went at 17 to Cincinnati to learn wiKideoirrar- 
ing ; came to N.Y. in 1850; exhibited at the 
Nat. Acad, of De>ign in 1857 ; and Vcame an 
academician in 1867. His only instruciion 
was fiom an elder bro., a painter. .Vnionu' his 
best cfliirts are " December," " Winter Mom- 
iiiir," " Last of the Ice," and an " August Day, 
Newport.' — Tuck'Tinnn. 

GriSWOld, JotiN a., merchant, and M.C. 
from NY. 180.!-;(, b. Rensselaer Co., NY, ab. 
1822. Iron-merchant and banker. One year 
mayor of Troy. .Vn energetic sup|>orier of the 
Union durini; the civil war. To his efforts it 
was principally due that Ericsson's famous 
monitor wa^^ bnilt. 

GriSWOld, .MATTHEiy, LL.T). (Y. C. 
1779), gov. Ct. 1784-5, b Lyme, Ct., 1716; d. 
there April, 1799. His patrioii>m and love of 
civil lilwrty were fully cvinceil by his public 
services from 1770 to the close of the Revol. 
He was several years lieut.-goy. of the Slate, 
and judge of the Supreme Court ; and was 
pres. of the conveniiiMi which ratifie<l and 
adiiiileil the Federal Constitution in 1788. 

GriSWOld, Hookh, LL.D. (Y.C. 1812), 
gov. of Ct. (1811-13). 1.. Lvmc, .May 21,1762; 
d. Norwich, OcL 25, 1812' Y.C. 1780. Son 
of Gov. Matthew. Adni. to practise law in 
1783; M.C. from 1 795 to 1805; warmly at- 
tached to the principles of the Feileral parte, 
and a powerful advocate of its measures. In 
1801 he declined the office of sec. of war; in 
1807 was app. a judge of the Sup. Court of 
Ct. ; was lieut -gov. 1 809-1 1 , and was reganled 
as one of the first men in the nation in talents, 
jwliiical knowledire, force of eloquence, and 
pnifounil legal ability. 

Griswold, lUi'cs Wiu«ot, D. D., au- 
thor, b. Benson, Rutland Co., Vt., Feb. 15, 
1815; d.N.York, Aug. 27.1857. .Miichofhis 
early life was s|ient in voyaging al>out the 
world ; and before he was 20 he had seen the 
most interesting portions of his own iMuntry, 
and of Southern and Central Europe, lie was 
at first a printer's apprentice, but stadied divin- 
itj, and became a Baptist preacher. Uc sooo 



GItl 



389 



GRU 



became associated in the editorship of periodi- 
cals in Boston, N.Y., luid Phila., such as the 
A'eif-J'o'/lrcr, lirolher JomUlian, and the Xeio 
World. In 1841 he pub. an anonymous vol. 
of poems and a vol. of sermons ; in 1842-3 
ho edited (imliaiii's Maijuzine. and from 1850 to 
18j2 the Internntinnal Ma'/azine in New Yorlc. 
Author of " Poets and Poetry of America," 
1842; " Prose Writers of America," 1846; 
" The Biographical Annual," 1842; "Christian 
Ballads and other Poems," 8vo, 1844 ; and 
"Scenes in the Life of the Saviour," 8vo; 
"Female Poets of America," 1849; "Sacred 
Poets of En;;land and America," 1849 ; " Po- 
ds and Poetrv of Eii','laiid in the 19th Centu- 
ry," 1854 ; " Curiosities of American Litera- 
ture," appended to Disraeli ; " Washington 
and the Generals of the Kevolution," in con- 
junction with Simms, Insraham, and others, 
2 vols, 1847 ; " Napoleon and ihe Marshals of 
the Empire," with H. B. Wallace, 1847; and an 
illustrated vol. entitled " The Republican Court, 
or American Society in the. Days of Washing- 
ton," 1854. He edited the first American edi- 
tion of the prose-works of Milton, and was one 
of the editors of the works of Ed^'ar A. Poe. 
He was crij,M:;od upon an illustrated Life of 
Wa^hiu;jton at the time of his death. 

Griswold, Stanley, jurist, h. Torriug- 
f.)rd, Ct., Nov. 14, 176;?; d. Shawneetown, 111., 
Au^'. 21, 1815. Y.C. 1786. He was pastoral 
New Milford from 1790 to 1802, when he re- 
si^'iicd on account of political animosity occa- 
sioned by his Democratic views. He afterward 
prL ached a short time in Greenfickl; editid in 
I •'04 a Democratic paper at Walpole, N.H., 
with spirit and ability ; and in 1805 was app. 
I)v Jertl-rson sec. of Michigan Terr Remov- 
iu',' to Ohio, he was U.S. senator in 1809, and 
WIS afterward, for a short time, U.S. judge for 
th ; North-west Territory. He pub. some politi- 
c.il sermons in 1800-2. 

Gross, Jons Daniel, D.D., prof of moral 
philos. at Col. (^11. 1787-95, of German, 17S4- 
05, and minister in New York, b. Gcrmaiiv, 
17.-57 ; d. Canajoharie, May 25, 1812. He had 
lic'u a pupil of Kern, and became the instruct- 
or of the accomplished Miliedoler. During 
the Rovol. he was pastor of a D. R. church 
on the frontier, and exposed to many perils. 
At its close he removed to New York. He 
pub. " Natural Principles of Rectitude," a sys- 
tematic treatise on moral philos., 8vo, 1795. 

Gross, Samdel D., M.D. (1828), physician 
and surgeon, h. near Easton, Northampton Co., 
P.i., July, 1805. He began practice in Phila., 
translating Holland's " General Anatomy," 
Il.itin's "Manual of Obstetrics," Hilden- 
brand on " Typhus-Fever," and Tavernier's 
" Operative Surgery." His first original work 
was " Diseases and Injuries of the Bones and 
Joints," 18.30. He moved to Easton in 1830, 
l);it in the fall of 1833 went to Cincinnati as 
demonstrator of anatomy in the Med. Coll. of 
Ohio. He became prof, of pathological anat- 
omy there in 1835, delivering the fir.-it .systemat- 
ic course of lectures on morbid anatomy ever 
given in this country ; and pub. "Elements of 
Pathological Anato"my," 2 vols. 18.39. Prof. 
of surgery \\} the Loin>ville U. 1840-.50. Prof, 
of surgery in the U. of N.Y'., but resumed his 



chair in Louisville shortly after. Since 1856 
he has filled the chair of surgery in Jeff. 
Coll. Phila. His other works are " Woundi 
of the Intestines," 1843; "Diseases, Injuries, 
and .Malformations of the Urinary Organs," 
1851 ; " Foreign Bodies in the Air-Passages," 
1854; "Report on the Causes which retard 
the Progress of American Medical Literature." 
1856; " System of Surgery, Pathological, Di- 
agnostic, Therapeutic, and Operative," 2 vols. 
1859. He pub. m 1861 " Amer. Medical Biog- 
raphv." In conjunction with Dr. Richardson, 
hc! fminded and edits the .V. .4. iledico-Chlmr- 
(/iail Rcecw, and has contrib. numerous papers 
to various meiiical periodicals. 

Grover, Cuvier, brev. raaj.-gen. U.S.A., 
b. B.-lhel, Me., July 24, 1829. West Point, 
1850. Entering the 1st Art., he became in 1855 
1st licut. lOih Inf. ; Sept. 17, 1858, eapt. ; brig.- 
gcn. of vols. April 14, 1862; maj. 3d Inf 31 
Aug. 1863; lieut.-col. 38th Inf. 28 July, 1866. 
He was assigned a brigade in Heintzelman's 
corps of the Army of the Potomac. At tlie 
second battle of Bull Run, his brigade fought 
under Gen. Hooker, and disting. itself by a 
bayonet-charge. When Hooker took command 
of the troops at Fairfax, Grover took Hooker's 
division. He com. a division 19th corps Dept. 
of the Gulf, 30 Dec. 1862, to July, 1864; and in 
the Shenandoah campaign, Ang.-Dec 1864, 
being engaged at Opequan, Fisher's Hill, and 
at Cedar Creek, where he was wounded ; and 
com. dist. of Savannah, Ga., Jan-June, 1665; 
brev. lieut.-col. for Williamsburg, col. for Fair 
Oaks, brig.-gen. for Cedar Creek, and m.aj.- 
gen. for merit, services during the Rebellion. 
— Cullum. 

Groves, Webber, author of a work on 
" Commercial Intercourse between Great Bi it- 
ain and America; "il. N.H.,Mar. 1793, a. 97. 

Grow, Gai.dsha a., politician, b. Ashford, 
Ct., Ang. 31, 1823. Amh. Coll. 1844. Adm. 
to the bar in 1847 ; settled among the moun- 
tains of Pa. lor his health, and was in 1850 
a surveyor of wild lands; M.C. 1851-3, '55- 
7, and 1859-63 ; chairman of the com. on Ter- 
ritories, 1859-61 ; delegate to the Bait, con- 
vention 1864 ; speaker of 37th Congress. 

Grund, Francis J., author, b. Germany 
ab. 1803; d. Phila. Sept. 29, 1863, from apo- 
plexy induced by alarm at an apprchendeil as- 
sault by a mob. He had been long a resident 
of Phifa., and was a frequent ('ontrib. to tha 
public prints. Under Pres. Buchanan he held 
a foreign app.; and in 1861 was consul at 
Havre. Returning to Phila. soon after, he es- 
tab. there a new paper, T/ie Ay. The even- 
ing before his death, he made an able speech 
at the Union League in Phila. Author of 
" The Americans in their Moral, Social, and 
Political Relations," 1837 ; " Aristocracy in 
America," 1839; " Algebraic Problems; " ele- 
meilts of " Chemistry," and of " Nat. Philos- 
ophy ; " and " Plane and Solid Geometry." 

Grundy, Fi;i.i.\, jurist and statesman, b. 
Berkeley Co., Va., Sept. II, 1777; d. Nash- 
ville, Tenu., Dec. 19, 1840. His l.ith.-r, an 
Englishman, settled in Ivy. in 1780. Felix was 
educated at the Bardstown Acad, by the cele- 
brated Priestley ; studied law, and became emi- 
nent, especially ia criminal cases. Member of 



GBY 



390 



the Ky. Const. Conv. in 1799 : momlhT uf the 
li-L-i-l I S0«-5 ; chown jiid^.-v of tin- Sup t'oiiri 
inlCi)6; imd siwn «ftirn;iril diicf ju-iii-c. Ho- 
niovini; lo Xii^tivilli' in iln' wiiitfi- i>r I80T-8, 
III' liL'lil lh<TC (ho lintl ruiik in hit iirul'osiiin ; 
M.C. 1 SI 1-14. iind Ji tinn i.np|Mirter of llie .iil- 
minisir.ition iliiriii„' iliu war with Great Urit- 
ain ; scvoriil yi-iirn in thu 'IVnn loyisl. ; I' S. 
8vnulur I8J9-1'I8, nnil w^iiin in 1840 ; iiiid U 8. 
nrti -ciMi. l8.'18-40. lie wiisn zcalons siip|)ort- 
cr of ti.n .l.iekson. — .Yii/. Foii. (iailn-y. 

Grymes, •loiiN It . nn eminent liiwvor, b. 
(»run-e Co., \'«., I7S6; d. N. Orleans^ Dec. 
4. IS54. Ueniovini; ti> La. in 1808, he took a 
pniniincni part in all puhlic transactions ; was 
tt vol. ai<le to (ion. Jaek.son at the halllc of N. 
Orleans; »as his counsellor in the snhseqiicnt 
Ki;al proceiilinns which ohtained sneli hisiori- 
C..I notoriety ; held at limes the office of U.S. 
dist.-atiy. and of atly.-^en. ; and served in the 
Stale le^i.sl. and in the Stale Const. Conv. He 
was en;;a^cd, directly or indirectly, in nearly 
every ca-c of ma<;nitudc in the conns where 
he practised ; was a man of aeknowle<l;;eti 
I arnin;: and eloi|uencc; and was counsel for 
Mrs Gaines, in opposition to Mr. Webster. 

Guardiola, S.vstos. pres. of Honduras, 
b. Tc^'uei;.'alpa, 1812. Knterinj; the army at 
an early a^'c, his darinj; and cruelly in the 
civil w;irs of Central .\nieriea earned him the 
name of the "Tixcrof Honduras." In an ef- 
fort lo overthrow the (,'ovt. of his native State 
in I8JII, he was defeated and banished. In 
1856 he joined the Xieara;;uan forces as pen. 
of division. Defeated, lirst by Walker, then 
by MuTioz, and reiurneii lo Honduras, where, 
by a revol. movement, aided front Guaiimala, 
he was raised lo ihe pn'sidency. 

Guatimozin (:;wii-ie-mo'-7.in), last king 
of Me.\ieo ; d. \:rl'2. Nephew of Montezuma, 
on the death of whose bro. Queilevaca, in 1520, 
he was unatiiinously raised to the throne. He 
excriiil himself with vi^or in the defence of 
hi:i capital, and repuLsed nn nltempt by Cortes 
to lake it bv storm. Altenipiins lo retreat 
across the lake, he was iiiiercepied by the bri;;- 
amines ixisted for that pur|Hise, and made pris- 
oner. When bron;;ht Iwforc Cortes, he Coii- 
dneted himself with the calm ili;^ity of a 
prince who was conscious of havin'.; done all 
in his power to save his country, and was will- 
in;; lo tiill along with it. Irritated by the 
cmallnes> of ihe treasures found in the cap- 
tured city, Cortes inhumanly orderi'd Guati- 
moiin to be put to the torture in onler lo forco 
a discovery of mori'. He, with his ihief favor- 
ite, was siri't -hcd upon burning coals. He en- 
sured the pain in silence, ami observing his 
companion to cast a piteous look, as if desirous 
to rr-lieve himself by a dis<-losure, he darted an 
inilign:inl L'lanee uim>ii him, exclaiming, " Do I 
lie ii|>OTi a iK'd of nowers • " Asli.imid of his 
cruelty ("ortcs rescued the kini, and reinarided 
him 10 prison. Some time afler. u|>on an in- 
surrection ol the Mexicans, ihe Spaniard, u|K)n 
a baresu^pirion that ituati>nozin was coneet tied 
in the plot, caused him to lie hanged without 
trial 

Guerord, Bkmamis. cov. of S.C. 178.3- 

.^ : s|H'iiker of the house, 1783 ; d. Charleston, 
S.C, Jan 1789. 



Guerrero (^-Crra'ro), Vickvtk. iires. of 
Mexico I *Ti ; d Feb. 1 4, 1 831 . Hy birth a Cn- 
olc. .\l the comineneement of the revol he took 
arms aiiaiiist Ihe royalists. From 1819 to 1828, 
Gen. Guerrero rc|>eatc<lly liccaine the rallying- 
iKiint of the liberal or |Kipulur parte, the Yor- 
kinoH, and was n-|Miilc<lly calU>d Into aclivo 
service in his military capacity. Having licen 
successful in various contests, he at len:,'ih in 
1829 was elected lo the presidency. The cx- 
ped. of Barrailas soon):avc employmeni lo the 
new govt., and, the better lo enable llie pres. to 
meet ihe exigencv, he was invcstcHi with exiraor- 
dinarv |iower» ; but after the victory over the 
Spanish troops, and when the inv.iding cx|K-<li- 
lion was destroyed, Guerrero evinciil nn unwill- 
ingness to relinquish the dictatorship, which 
liecaine the pretext of another revol. ; and 
Itustumenle, the vice-pres., as>umcil the reins 
of government. Guerri'ni, having been dc»ert- 
eil by his troops, resigned his office lo liusta- 
menie. In Sept. IS.'IO, Guerrero coMecled a 
large force at Vallailolid, and established a form 
of govt, in opposition lo that of liustumenle ; 
but he was soon afler defeated by Gen. Uravo, 
taken, and shot at Cailapa. 

Guess, GlioROK. or SEQroYAii, a Chero- 
kee half lirccil, inventor of the Cherokee alpha- 
bet, b. ah. 1770; il. San Fernando, Northern 
Mexico, in Aug. 184.1. He cultivated a smalj 
fai^i in the Cherokee counlrr of Ga., and was 
known as an ingenious silversmith, when in 
1826 he invented a syllabic alphaliet of thu 
language of his nation, of 85 characters, which 
was applied to writing and printing with com- 
plete success. Cherokee children were oble to 
master the alphaliet in a short lime, and to 
write letters to iheir Iriemls ; and a newspa|)er 
called the I'lurnlz wascstabli.slied in 1828. He 
aiiomp. his trilie in their emigration lieyonj 
the .Mpi., and resided for some lime in Brain- 
enl 

Guest, •Iiiiiv, capt. U.S.X., b. Mo. March 
7.1821. .Midshipman Wv. 16, 1837; licui. 
Dec. 24, 1850; com July 16. 1862; capt. Julv 
25, 1866. Aitachetl to' steamer " I'oinsj-it,^' 
survey of Tani|ra Bay, 1844-5; lo frigate 
" Congress," Pacific s<]iiad. in .Mex'caii war, 
184.'i-8; bnanleil at Shaiii^hai in 1854 a Chi- 
noe man-of-war, and liUrateJ a piloi-lioat's 
cri'W who were under the proicctiun of the 
Amer. flag; second in com. of "The Plym- 
ouih " in a severe action with the Chinese at 
Shanghai, April, 1854 ; in com. of the Imits 
of " The Niagara," cut out rebel schooner 
" Aid," uniler the guns of Fort Morgan, .\ug. 
1861 ; com. steamer " Owasco " at capture of 
\. Orleans and Imlllcs on the .Mississippi, in- 
cluding Vicksburg. 1862 ; com. iron-clad " Ia;- 
hiu'h " 186.1. and sieaincr " Iosco " at both at- 
Ineks on Fort Fisher. 

Guild, Uki'iien a., librarian of Brown U. 
since 184S, I). West D.ilhara, Ms., 1822. B U. 
1847. Has pub. "Lite of James Manning," 
1864: "Librarian's Manual," 18r)8; "Hist. 
Sketch of Brown Univ.." and " Account of 
the Wriiin;;s of Uou-er Williams," 1862. 

Gummere, John, teacher, b. Willow 
Grxive. I'a.. 1784; d. 1845. He tani-ht s<-ho,>l 
over 40 years suct-es-ively at Hor-luim. Uanco- 
cus. West Town, Burlington, and HaverlorJ 



391 



G"W^ 



Ui.on hU retirement from tho Fr.ends Col . at 
fi' v"r .rd he resumed his ho.irdingscl.oul at 
"u i on (previously condue.ed by hnn in 
I6n"vu in eonneetion with his eldest son 
Sa nmel J. His celel-rated Treatise on Survey- 
in., nassed through many eduions. .»'» As- 
inj; P*""^" " r ,j,.,2 A Memorial of his 
iTfeT P "v. telv pr nted hy W. J. AHinsou 

of Bu";;'"" Tsir,.'^ A.M. of N.J. Coll. 182.5 ; 

I- ,.f I'a \R-56. — AUilione. 

rnTiniaon Jons W., captain U.S. en.-.- 
„e^, ^N IL 1811 ; kille-l by Ihe Utah Indians 
Oc, 26, .8.5.-!. on the Sevier R--- »"■;,-■ 
....riiitendin" a govt, survey. "est 1 omt, 
8S7 He Served in the Seminole war, a.ul tor 
ibo n 10 vears «as employed in the survey of 
the North-western Lakes and in the improve- 
mcmt of the h.rhors ; - l^-^^"-^' '•^-jro^ 

l^poTt 'hereon. Author of a work on the 
Mornums^Phila. 8^0, ISO-. 

P-PSTt^s'";": Mrv 25,' 1815. After re- 
Tc viuK a countn-sehool education, he vol. tn 
0,e Provincial »rmv ; participated in the ex- 
„ loits a^ . . anjrers of Putnam and other part- 
em Xrs ; and took part in the cfptare of 
Cap Breton and .he W. India islands. A ^r 
the war, he settled as a."";^?-''^'".' '^„^' u't;/ 

::.:!;^l;.a,in.ormin^nddiseiphn.n.m.h^^ 
'"T-6^cu;>o'n'o nthi^;.re.t., and 

i:^'^£rr^.ine!!ifrs 

5^^=!pr^^^^i^S? 
x= oia^c^r:-";"?^^-; ; 



Adam Guthrie, was an early pioneer to the 
West from Va. ; Lore a dis.in;.. part in the 
stru-'les with the Indians, an<l represented hia 
■ou^n' in the Kv. Ic-isl. for 8 ..r 10 years. 
James, after oompletin- hw academical course 
at Bardstown, became a trader on the Mpi., 
hut afterwards studied law and ^«-T>';;^;d « 
lucrative practice in Louisvdle kv., where he 
settled in 1820, Mr. Guthrie for 15 years 
rei.resentcd that city in the '^f *'• ^''^l.*;!'^,;',' 
ahilitv, intcKriiv. and /.eal. He was di-t.n-. 
as a Jlehater and business-man and pres. over 
the convention which formed the new con- 
stitution of Ky. in 18.50 ; sec. of the t.eas«,-j 
under I'ierce in 1853-7. Hewa, a ' '.I'-^'a''; " 
the Chica^'O Democ. Convention in 1864, w.is 
cK-cted to the U.S. senate in 186.5. but re-i^-ned 
from ill health in Feb. 1866. He was stead- 
fLstlv loval durinjr ,he war. and -f «Xaev 
preventing Kv. from joininfr the Confederac.Y 
Though strongly op,.o-ed to ant.slaveiv ag.^ 
tation: he did not (.elieve ,n secession as a 

reniidv. • , ,i Ca,.i- 

rinVhrip 1)R. '^.iMCEi., chemist, a. sacK- 
ett^ hS,'n.Y., (.c, .9, .848 He is said 
to have invented and first manufactured per- 
cussion-pills. which, with -'caps," have en- 
tirely superseded the old flintlock fire-a^m_ In 
is expc'rimeiits he nearly lost his ite from 
accidental explosions lie .s "''f^'' h,r bmg 
one of the three independent <1 '-'•»; ';^='"' 
chloroform, which was s.miiltaneously obt.i.nal 
bv Souheirau in France, and Liebigin (.eiinany, 
although itsanaesthetic properties were iinkno« n 
for a long time after. 

Guyot (^e'-o-) Arnold Hl';f,^ '^J^^ V "•■ 
M.l). naturalist, b. near Nemhatcd, S^itr.vr- 
1 and, Sept. 8, 1807. B-rliu U. 18:i5. He was 
earU: acquainted with Alm^sIz. with whom he 
smdiedj^nd .piit.ed.tlKol. f..r --"'■^ I-^ 
suits His thorough invc...tigations into the ge- 
'^Z of the Alps.^particularly .i,«n the trans- 
portation of bowlders, were P"l>- ^; ' ;• .8„',f,i 
From 1839 to 1848 he was prof, "f !'•:'«' .""' 



Gurowski, Count Adam de, !-■ Palat'- 

na^Xa^ei.'. I'vdand.Sept. 10, 1805 ; d Wash- 

Tn- mn May 4, 1866. Son of Count Ladislas 

g" who lo;t most of his estates ,n consequence 

of "the insurrection of 1794. Adam was n 

?L,8, and again in 1819, expelM from schoo 

for patriotic ebullitions. From 1820 to 18..^ 

he studied in various German universities. He 

wa e eal times imprisoned by Constantine 

f, opposition to Kussian influence. From 

?.S6 w 1844 he was employed in R"^;*'« ''..y'l'; 

eniperor first in his private chancery, and after- 

t" rd in the department of p.. • ic instruction ; 

n lectured 2 years at the U. of Berne on 

p" lit Economv. He caine to the XI S, in 1849, 

,n I wrote for the .V. Y. Trihum. He pub. "La 

vIm ,nr1a />'...««," 18.35; " La CM,on 

;,46 • " Panslavism." 1848 ;" Russia as i K 
4! : ■• A Year of the War," 8vo N.V 18^.5 
.■America and Europe," 1857; and a " lliary 
,Rr,.rj4 Count G Lpoke 8 languages fluently. 
"Guthrie, J*MKS.'U. ».. 1"-- and states- 
„ I, iinnr- Rardstown. Nelson ( o., K.\., 
nee 5 1790 "Touisville, Ky., March 13. 
1869. Of Scotch descent. His father. Gen. 



phv^al geography at the ^^-^"2:::^^'^ 
Tl e political disturbances of the "■"'^•^^; »■ '' 
bim to emigrate to the U.S.. A «"» se ■. .<x^ 
tures delivered at Boston in the winter ot 
848-9, on the Relations between 1' '.vsic^ 
Geo^,^ phv and History, were pub. with the tit e 
"Fanh and Man," 1849. He subsequen.lv 
„,ade scientific tours in the U.S and delivered 
lectures in the Ms. norma ^c^oois. In 18.y 
he became prof, of physical gcographv in N.J. 
Co A so'^^.u.horof ••■ Directions ot- Meteoro- 
logical Observations," 8VO, 1 850 ; " M^;^'"™ - 
'•,:,,i Tables," 8vo, 1852; and of a scncs of 
^aps and of 'school geographies in general use. 

■"Gwin'"wii.i.iAM McKksdry, politician, 
h. S.r°r Co.. Tcnn , Oct. 9, '8"5 /"nsylv. 
U Kv He .studied medicine; s«"'™ «'.;'• „ 
h.lnrMni • wasapp.U.S marshal for Mpi.m 
1833- and'was M.C. from 1S41 to 1843. He 
„" c'oinmis of pu«dic buildings to superintend 
Te erection of 'the N. Orieans custom-h-mse 
n 18l7: removed toCal.in 1848: ;v<^ ;'";"■ 

\^:l1^:!or:^r^ha. State. ..wing^n.. 
elected in 1850, and re-elected m 18d6. Larly 



t*"Wl 



892 



HAC 



ml 861 he VM nmaie.! for dislovnllv. but was 
ivlc««d m 1 863. In J«n. 1 86V he was ai .ho 
hBMd of iin eniiKration «.hcinc for ihe sctile- 
mont of s..ci-ssionisu in Soiiora, under the aus- 
pices of .Maximilian. 

Gwin, William, commnndcr D.S.N b 
Cuiumhu.,. Ind.. 1831; d. Jan. 3, 1863 from 
woimds meiied at Haines Bluff. Mi.lshipm. 
184.; Iicut. Sept. 15, 1850; J»|v 16, 1862 
licut coniniandcr. He con,, the " (^iunhridu'c '• 
blocknderon the Ailiintir coast; in ihe " Tv 
Shi'i". •'",""'"' *•■"" "^•"'■.'. f"»rt Donolson, 

K^ftfr'"'"" "'"■''■'''"'''''' ""-''<'» 

Gwiunett, Bittton, siEnerof the Declara- 
tinn nt Iu.|,|KMi(lenre. b. Kn-. ah. ir.ij. ,i 
May 1', , 1 , , 7. After receiving a ^ood educa- 
tion, aiHl en^-neiii- in mercantile pursuits at 
Bristol, in 1770 he emi;;. to t'harliston. S.C 
in l-.i he purchased a plantation with a 
minilK.r of ne-nx's on St. Catherine's Island 
t.a . arid jjave his attention to a-riciilturc. 
lhoni;h ail op|K>„ent of British on;,ivssion 
yet he was one of those cautions. .louhiinL' 
men. who viewed the success of the Colonies 
in an o,K-n rujm.rc with I-n^ as hi..hlv pn.b- 

Inl li V ,^^r'^y ""-' ""•■ .omnienccment 
ol the Uevol., he took an active part in wditi- 
cal at^airs; and in 1776 the Gen. Assembly of 
he Iroviiicc elected h.m a n-presentativ'e to 
the Gen. Cn-ress. In Feb. 1 777 he was mm 
a member of the State Const. Couv.TTnTfs 

ment afterwards adopted. He wa.s soon chosen 
pre.'! of the prov. council, and in this station 
displayed |K-i-sonal enmity in tliwartine the 
operations of Gen. Mcln..-.sh. by whom h* was 
mortally ivounded in a -inel, .Mav 15. In Mav 
Iw, (.vvii.iieti was an unsuccessful candidate 
lor the otbc- ol ^-ov. of the Stale. 

Gwyn, Krancis Edward, a British .-en ■ 
d. Jan. 1S2>. A pp. elision I7ih I)raj:wns! 
*eb. 1,1,0; capt. IGih !)ra-s. J„lv. 1769; maj 
,"J "? ' '"•'"■««'• 20'h Dra-k Mav, 1779 • 
col. March, 1794 ; maj .yen. IX-c. 179.3'; licut '■ 
pen. June, 1799; pen. Apr. I8(I8; --ov. of 
Shecrness, 1815. He served in th.^^ cam- 
paigns ,n Aiiiei lea under Howe, Cliniqn, and 
n?v""' ''"• '" ™'"- "f ■''« British cavalrv — 

Gwyn, Jon>f, capt. U.S.N., b. Md • d 
laleiiiio, Sicily, Sept. 4, 1849. Midshimn' 
May 18, 1809; lieut. Apr. 27, 1816; com.Teb; 
9, I8.'», ; cam. Apr. 17, 1842. 

Habersham, Jamk.o, statesman, b. Bevcr- 
K. Yorkshire. Kn-., 1712; d. N. Brun.swick, 

Geo « hiieheid to Savannah, where thev ar- 
riv.'.l -May ,, 17.18. There he op..„e.l a school 
fororiihansand destiinte children ; but in 1744 
became a inenhant. In 1 750 he was app. with 
J iikeriiig Kobinson a commissioner to adrancc 
the culinnof silk in the colony; in I7.',4 he 
w,is a .p. ,cc of the proviiici>, aiid one of the 
counc.lors ; Ml 1767 he was pns. of the nppi.r 
house of assembly ; „, 1769-72 the duties of 
piy .levo ved upon him in the absence of Sir 
Jarnes \Uii.dit. Three of his sons, James, ,Io- 
»< I' 1, an.l .John, were iteulous patriots. — Ca 
L't''^. 197. 
Habersham, Major Joh.n, d. Chatham 



Co., Ga., Not. 19, 1799, a. 45. Maj. I,t Ga 
com. n-jrt.; member Cont.Conf. 1785-6; col- 
lector ol the i,ort of Savannah 1789-99. 

wi^?^!,"'^'^' ^'"'■■'I'r^'-". ».at,.sm.n, 
»onol .Ja.iKs, I,. Savannah, Ga., Jnlv 28, 1751 ■ 
d. there Nov. 17. 1815. I„ July. 1774 ,,^ „.^ 

oil JitH;rt» n bu. ; was one ot those who in 
i-oseiied the powder in the arsenal for the 
use o( the patriot., ; in June was .pp. to il.o 
counci of safety ■ mwl ;.. I..1.. ' "^ 
which cap un..d a «oyt. ship „i,h munition, of 
war ,„cludin« IS.CK, |K,unds „, ,,„wder. Jan. 
18 lj,6, whilea inemlMr of the A,sc-mbly, he 
raised a party of vols., who ti»,k Gov. Wri-ht 
prisoiK.T, auu conti.ied him to his house under 
a guanl. Apn. Feb. 4, 1776, maj. of the l" 
Oa. bait he liefended Savannah bom a Biil 
■sh naval att-ick early in Manli. When Sa- 
vannah was lake.i in the winter of 1778 he re- 
moved his laii.ily .0 Va, but, on the liidin^ 

nek ;„«'''•, -"*-'"^''"'* '" "«= 'li-«">ruus at- 
tack in Sep.. 1779. At the close of the war 
beheld the rank of lieut.-eol. I„ 1785 and 
aTi'iv H*V" ""' ^I*''k-of .l.e Ass^nW, 
App. Ii> Washington postinaMer-eii in 173';- 
re.i«iicd 1801. I'res. of the l' S. Branch Ba,^ 

of Its barter. A county of his na,i,!e State 
tic-ir. In, none — .\„t. />„,.,. (J.,!/^,,^ 

±lat3kett, Horatio Balcii, U.I). LUI) 
(Amh. 1862,, biblical scholar, b. Salisbury' 
Ms Dec. 2,, 1808. Amii. Coll. I&io. lie 
studied ilieo . at Andover until ISU, and .hen 
at Hulle and Berlin ,n Germany ; was a tutor 

""« y!-'"-'" A Coll.; 4 veirs prof of a^' 

cient hnpuapc-s a, Brown L'!; and l.x„„ 1839 

to 1868 oeriip.cl ,Uo ehair of bibncal liie.u- 

ure in the Newton Theol. Ins, He travdUd 

>n Kumpc in 1851-2; and in 1858-9 stndi.d 

niodern Greek a, Athens to aid him in in^er- 

pixtin^' the New Testament, lH.^,de-s vi.i'iaL 

Grecian cities 01 biblical interest. H„ has pab 

... u'[.. • 7;',''', ,"<"'='. '8^^; « iranshuion 

L- .I'i.", ^'"'''''^' ^riminar. with addiiions, 

84j; Hebrew Grammar,- ■• Hebiew Reailer ' 

8^i: ;: ^,"""'"--'!'"0- on Ihe Acs," 1851 and 

1858 Illus.ralious of Scripture, su-'c.ted 

by a four ihrouph the Holy Lan.l," 1855 ro- 

pnntcil in En-, an.l .Scoilan.l ; an.l ■• Chris'tian 

Memorials o( the War." 12mo. 1864 Il« Us 

contrib. much lo the Chr.^.un lUv,f« and the 

LSiUiolhrrti ,^urm. 

. Hackett, James Hexrt, comcxiian, b 
N.I. Mar. 15, I80O. At lir.^t eiiKa;je.l in 
ira.le, and ,n 1819 m. Caiharine Ue.ru..« a 
PO|u.,ar activss at the I'ark Thca.n-. who d. 

lark lleairL. in .\!ar. 1826 as Justi™ Woo.l- 

a nuonte 111 bn.a.l comedy. In 1828 airjin 
•" IMi'. aMi 1845, he playcl in Kiip. wiih .uc! 
tiss aihlln the intervals is.Tfornii'd in most 
ol the An.er. cities. In 1849 he was a joint 
•nnn,.p.-r, with Wm. Xiblo, ot the As.or-phK-e 
W|K.-ra House duiiiij; ihe cn-a-cmeni of JUc- 
ria.ly. winch r.vsul.e.1 in the Asior-placc rio.s. 
lie was in Ixiiid. aj,niin in 1851. He w,ui one 
of the hrst to introtluco ti.e Yankee tviK! of 
our character n|K>n the ^taj.'e. an.l was Tiopular 
m such p..rts ai Xiiurod Wildfire iu •• The Ken- 



HAC 



393 



tiH-kiiin," Fal>taff, ami other humorous Shak- 
5|iuiiriiin characiers, and is a <;Teal mimic. 
Author of " Notes, Criticisms," lic.. on Shak- 
spr.irc, isr,.), n. Jamaica, L.I., 27 Dec. 1871. 

Hackleman, Hleasast jVdam, brig.-fien. 
vols., I). I'r.inkliu Co., Ind . 1817 ; killed at the 
battle of Corinth, Oct. 4, 1862. He was a 
prominent lawyer, and eilited the Ru.ilivilte Re- 
publican (rom i840 to 1861. In 1841 he was 
a mcmlicr of the Ind. logisl., and for several 
years alter clerk of Rush Co.; in 1860 ho 
was a member of the Repub. Nut. Conv. at 
Chicago; member of the peace conference at 
Washiny:ton, Feb. 4, 1861 ; entered the ser- 
vice in May as col. 10th Ind. vol.s., and, after 
the first battle of Bull Run, served tinder Gen. 
Banks in Va. Made brijr.-gen. Apr. 2S, I8G2, 
he was in June ordered to report to Gen. 
Grant in the S.W. He look an active part in 
the battle .of luka; and »t Corinth fell in the 
second day's fight. 

Hackieyi Charles \V., clergyman and 
teacher, b. Herkimer Co., N.Y., Mar. 9, 1809 ; 
d. N.Y. .Tan. 10, I86I. West Point, 1829. 
Actini,' assist, prof, of math, at West Point to 
Sept. IS.S.'i. Prot.-Epis. eler<rvman from 18.i4 ; 
prof, math in Univ. of N Y. 183.3-9 ; pres. of 
Jeff. Coll. Mpi. 1839 ; prof. math, and astron. 
Col. Coll. 1843-61. Author of "Treatise on 
Algebra," 1846 ; " Elementary Course of Ge- 
ometry," 1847 ; and " Elements of Trigonom- 
etry." He was a coiitrib. to many scientific 
periodicals as well as to the journals of the day, 
and was active in the establishment of an as- 
tron. observatory ill X.Y. City. 

Hadden, James M., a Brit. gen. ; d. Eng. 
Oct. 23, 1817. He was a loyalist; served un- 
der Biirgovne and Cornwallis; app. lieut. art. 
July 7, 17'79; .capt. Mar. 1784; col. 1804; 
maj.-gen. 181 1; sec. to the Duke of Richmond 
in 1793; ndj.-gen. under Sir Charles Stuart 
in I'ort.i-al. 

Haddock, Charles Brickett, D. D., 
belles-lettres s.liolar, b. Franklin, N. II., June 
20, 1796; d. W. Lebanon, N.H., .Ian. 15,1861. 
Dartm. Coll. 1816; And. Sem. 1819. His moth- 
er was a sister of Daniel Webster. He' occu- 
pied the chair of rhetoric and belles-lettres at 
Dartm. Coll. from 1819 to 1 838, and that of 
intell philos. and polit. econ. from 1838 to 
1854. He was chnriji d'affaires from the US. 
to Portugal from 1851 to 1855. He was 4 
years in the N.II. legisl., where he introduced 
and carried through the present common-school 
system of the State, and was the first school 
comraiis. imder it. He was the father of the 
railroad sys'.em in N.H., had written with abil- 
ity on almost every subject, and was thorough- 
ly versed in public law. His anniv. orations, 
lectures, reports for 15 years on education, ser- 
mons, writings on agriculture, rhetoric. &c., 
are quite numerous. He pub. a vol. of address- 
es and other wriiings, including occasional 
sermons, 8vo, 1846 ; and was a contrib. to the 
BihI. Ufpertorij, the Bihliuheca Sacra, and other 
periodicals. 

Hadley, Ja.mf.s, ll.d. (Wesl. U. 1866), 

scholar, sou of James, prof, of chem. of Geneva 
Coll. (1840-53), b. Fairfield, Herkimer Co., 
N.Y., .30 Mar. 1821. Y.C. 1842. Assist, 
prof, of Greek at Yale, 1848-51 ; since which 



he has been full prof. Married in Aug. 1851 a 
dau. of Stephen Twining of N. Haven. Author 
of a Greek grammar, 1860, founded on the 
German work of G. Curtius, and " Elements 
of the Greek Language," 1869. Contrib. to 
various* lit. and sclent, periodicals, especially 
the Xt'iv-Eixjliiudcr, — 'lliomus. 

Hagner, Peter v., brev. brig.-gen. 
U.S.A., I). DC. West Point, 18.36. Enter- 
ing the 1st Art., he was trans, to the ordnanco 
corps in 1838; became capt. 10 Julv, 1851 ; 
niaj. 3 Aug. 1861; lieut.-col. 1 June, 1863; 
col. 7 Mar. 1867; brev. capt. 18 Apr. 1847 
for Cerro Gordo; brev. maj. 13 Sept. 1847 
for Chapuliepec; and brev. brig.-gen. 13 Mar. 
1865 ; wounded at the San Cosine Gate in 
assault on and capture of City of Mexico, 14 
Sept. 1847.— Cullum. 

Hague, William, D.D. (B U. 1849), 
clcT;;viiiaii and author, b. N.Y. ab. 1805. Ham. 
Cull.' N.Y., 1826. He has been pastor of 
B.iptist chuiclics in Boston, Providence, New- 
ark (N.J.), Albany, N.Y. City, Chicago, (III.) ; 
and is now (1870) at Orange, N.J. Besides 
many occasional addresses and minor works, he 
has pub. the " Baptist Church Transplanted 
from the Old World to the New," 1846; 
" Christianity and Statesmanship," 1855 ; 
" Home Life," 1855 ; " Guide to Conv. on the 
Gospel of St. John; " " Review of Drs. Way- 
land anil Fuller on Slavery ; " Hist. Dis- 
course, 200th anniv. 1st Bapt. Ch., Prov., 7 
Nov. 1839. 

Hahn, Michael, gov. of La. 1864-8, b. 
Bavaria, Nov. 1830. Brought to La. when a 
child, and educated in New Orleans ; became 
a lawver; and was M.C. in 1862-4. LL.B. 
U. ofLa. 

Haight, Henry Hoxtlv, gov. Cal. 1867- 
71, b. Rochester, NY., 20 May, 1825. Y.C. 
1844. Son of Fletcher M. Adm. to the bar 
of St. Louis in Oct. 1846; .settled in the prac- 
tice of law in San Francisco in 1850; U.S. 
district judge of Cal. under Prcs. Lincoln. 
Gov. H. practised law successfully in St. Louis, 
and afterward in San Francisco; and early in 
the war was a Repub., but was elected gov", by 
the Democ. party. 

Haines, Charles Gudden, lawyer aud 
politician, b. Canterbury, N. H., 179;! ; d. 
Bioomingdale, N. Y., Julv 3, IS52. .Midd. 
C(dl. 1816. He began to practise in N.Y. in 
1818; and was a political supporter of DeWitt 
Clinton, and adj.-gen. of the State. He pub. 
" Considerations on the Canal," 181S ; " Me- 
moir of T. A. Emmet," 1829. — A'. 1'. Slates- 
man, .Inly 8. 

Hakluyt (hak'-loot), Richard, one of the 
Corp. of adventurers for the prosecution of 
discoveries in N. A., b. 1555; d. Eaton, 
Herefordshire, Nov. 23, 1616, a. 61. He com- 
menced his education at Wesiminstc'r School. 
Removing in 1575 to Christ Church Coll., O.x.- 
ford, he became so eminent for his acquaintance 
with cosmography, that he was app. public 
lecturer on that science. He pub. in 1582 a 
" Collection of Voyages and Di.scovcries," 
which was the basis of a subsequent work on 
a larger scale. In 1587 he translated into 
English a French account of Florida by Capt 
Laudonnier. which he dedicated to Sir VV. 



K^^X. 



304 



SAX. 



Ruli'i|;li. AftiT his return from Pnrii in 1589, 
wliero lie hiid liet-n five venrs cli i]iliiin lo ilic 
Kn^jlir-h iimliaMiiilur, iindiliirini; wliicli iilwi'me 
he bull iK-en noininmetl to n jir«l>onil in liri^tiil 
Cttlheilral, he win cliusen liy l{tiloi(;li M ineral>er 
of the cor|>iiriitlun, to wliuni he nisl'^neil hl» 
patent ft't the proM'culion of discoveries in 
Aincr. In omseqnenr^ of this, he iirepiircd 
his urand wmk. " The I'linripnl Nuvijiations, 
Voyn;;e«, lunl Dist'overieaofihe li^nslish Niilion, 
■nnilc hy Sea or Overlimd within the Compass 
of these 1 JOO Years." The first vol. in (olio 
was piili. in 1589, the third and lust in 1600. 
In 1605 lliiklnyi nus promoted to a prel>oiid nt 
Westminster, which, with the rectory of Welh- 
crini;sct, Sutt'olk, was his only ecclesiastical 
preferment. He pub. several Kcograpiiical 
works liesides tliosc aliove mentioned ; among 
them " Virginia richly valued by the Descrip- 
tion of Florida," Lonilon, 1609, 4to, which 
is both scarce and curious ; a" Historic of the 
West Indies," translated from Peter Martyr ; 
a translation of Leo's " Description of Africa," 
nnd Antonio Galvano's " llistorv of Dis- 
coveries " from the Portuguese. 'l"he manu- 
script pa|icrsof Iluklnyt wer« uscil by Piirchas, 
another ceograpbical collector. The name of 
this author has been pcrpctuate<l by a contem- 
porary naviiraior, Henry Hudson, who gave 
the name of Hnklnyt's headlaml to a promun- 
lorv on tliecwistorUreculand in 1608. — liiog. 
Br'il. 

Haldetnan, S. S.. naturalist and philol- 
oi.'i>r, b near Columbia, Lancaster Co., Pa., 
18l:i. He studied at Dick Coll. until 18.10; 
was np)i. a» assist, in the X.J. gcol. survey in 
18.16, and in that of I'a in 18.37. While thus 
engaged, be diseovcrcd the oldest fo»sil then 
known, the " SivUllius Linearis." He held the 
chair of natural history in the V. of Pa. from 
1851 to 1S55, and since then in Del. Coll., 
Newark. He is also prof, of gcol. nnd cliem. 
to the A^-ric Society of Pa at Harri-bur;;, nnd 
is n disiing. entomologist. In the " Kiblio- 
gTapliia " of A;.:assiz is a list of "."J mentoirs, by 
Haldeinan, of subjects in coneholi>i;y,cnionio]- 
ogy, and paleontology, pub. in various scientific 
journals. His recent investigations have been 
into the philos. of language They are cm- 
bodied in MX essay, " Analytic Orthography," 
which ob'aincd in Eng. in IS.iS the hi:;liest 
Trevcllyan iirizeover 1 8 Enn)|>eiin competitors. 
His memoir on the relations of the Chinese 
and English languages ap|>eared in the " Pro- 
civdiii_-» " of the AuHT. Assoc, lor tho Ad- 
vancement of Science in 1856. He has also 
pub. " Zoijlogical Contributions," Phila. 1842- 
3 ; " Uepiiit on Linguistic Ethnology," 8vo, 
Cnnib I ".-111. 

Holdimand, Stn Frkdi^kii'k. KB., a 
Brit;,h ucii.. b in canton of Xeuebiltel. (Kt. 
1T19; d. at Yverdnn, Swiiii'riand, June 5, 
1791. lie curly entered the Prussian servi-e, 
but in 175», with his friend Bouquet, entered 
the British army ; ami he wai app. lieul.-<'Ol. of 
the 60tli Boy. Amer. Reg't. Jan 4, 17.56. and 
came lo Aimr. in 1757. He disiing. himself 
niirnallv in the attack on Ticonderoua. Julv 8, 
17.-)8 ; and, by his ib-feiice of Oswego in 1759 
against llie atlmk of 4,000 Kreneli aii<l Indians 
under Lu Come, won high renown, lie ac- 



comp. the army under Amherst from Oswego 
to Montreal iii 1761); and in 1T6J was pro- 
nio'eil to lie col. Employed in Fla. in 1767, 
lmme<liately on his arrival at Pensncula ho 
caused the fort to be considerably extended, 
widened the streets, and otherwise iinpiuved 
the place. May 25, 1772. he iM-came muj.-gen. 
in America, and. in Oct. following, col. of 
the 60tb Knot. He returned to England in Aug, 
1775 for the pur|>osc of giving information to 
the ministry on the state of the Colonics, anil 
was conimissiuned a gen. in America, Jan. 1, 
1776; in 1777 lieut.-gen. in the army, and 
lieut.-gov. of Quebec, where bo succcedcJ 
Carlelon as gov. in 1778, ami administered its 
affairs in an oppressive and ariiitrary manner 
until the close of 1784, when he returned to 
Enulund. 

HalO) Bkxjamis, D.n., educator, b. Xcw. 
bury, -Ms., Nov. 23, 1797; d. July, 15, 186.3. 
Boird. Coll. 1818. On leaving college, lie be- 
came principal of the Saco Acad. ; then stndiitl 
theolot'y at Andover ; was licciisi-d to preach 
as a Con'.;regHtionalist in Jan. !822; became 
tutor in Bowd. Coll. in 1823, and principal of 
the Gardiner Lyceum 1822-7 ; prof of chem- 
istry and mineralogy in Dartm. Coll. from 
1827 to 1835; s[ieiit the winter of 18-35-6 in 
St. Cioi.x, W.I. ; and wiis pres. of Oencva 
Coll., X.Y., from 18.36 until from ill health 
com[R'lled to resign, Jan. 19, 1858. While at 
Diirtin. Coll. he took onlers in the Prot.-Epis. 
Cliiireh ; delivered lectures on chemistry, 
phurmiicy. mcd. jurisprudence, and nat. pbilos., 
and founded its valuable gcol. and niinenil. 
cabinet. He pub. " Introiluetion to the Mo- 
chunical Principles of Curjientry." 1927; and 
" Scriptural Illustrations of ihe Liturgy," 
18*35; Itesides seriuons, addreiiscs, and cduia- 
tional pamphlets. 

H8Uei Charlks, journalist, b. Boston, 
June 7, 1831. H.IJ. 1850. Son of Nnihan. 
In 1852 he established ami eilited To-lMi'i, a 
literary journal ; was sulise(|iieiitly editor of 
the liailon iJailg A'/f-rlivr ; and was U.S. 
consul to Egypt 1864-70. Author of several 
pamphlets; contrib to the A'. Ainer. Hev. and 
the .l»ier. Almnnac. 

Hole, David, journalist, b. Lisbon, Ct, 
Apr. 25. 1791 ; il. Fredericksburg, Va.. Jan. 
20, 1849. Son of Uev. Duvid of South Cov- 
entry. Alter teaching sch<K>l for a time, he 
rcmovetl to Boston in 1.S09, and in 1815 com- 
menced business therv', but was unsuccessful. Ho 
was o vigorous writer, and a frequent contrib. to 
[)erio<licals. In 1827 he reinovetl to X.Y., and 
became the assoc. editor of the Journal of Com- 
merce, and afterwards a joint pn>prietor in it. 
He was a prominent advocate of free-trade, the 
siilvireasiiry. and other financial measures of 
the Deinocraiii' party. In 1840 he purclmscd 
the Broadway Talicrnacle. a large public hall, 
where an Ortliodox Cong, cliurch on the X. 
Enu'land plan of individual freedom was estab- 
lishetl. He gave lilK-nilly to other churches, 
nnd maintaineil missionaries in several of the 
Ihinly-settled portions of the country. \ 
Memoir, with "mie of his writings, was pub. I>» 
Uev Joseph P. Thompson. 8vo. 1945. 

H&le< Et)WAHi> EvEHKTT. cicrgvmaii and 
author, b. Boston, Apr. 3, 1922. II L'. I 9.3-t. 



HLAJl. 



395 



Pastor of the Church of the Unity, Worcester, 
from Apr. 29, 1846, to 1856 ; and of the South 
Conj?. Church, Boston, since that time. Son 
of Hon. Nathan Hale. Has pub. " The Ko- 
sary," I2nio, 1848; "Margaret Perceval in 
America," l2mo, 1850 ; " Slcetclies of Christian 
Historv," 12mo, 1S50; "Kansas ami Xeliraska,|| 
12mo,"l854 ; " Letters on Irish Emi-raiion, 
1852; "Man without a Country;" "It, 'ies, 
and Perhaps," 1868; "Ingham Papers;" 
" Ten Times One are Ten." 1870 ; " Life of 
Sir Ralph Lane," in Trans. Antiq. Sue. v ; 
" Syharis and Other Homes." Editor and 
contrib. to tlie Vlirislian Examiner, Old and 
New, and many other periodicals. 

Hale, Esocii, Ml). (II.U. 181.3), physician, 
b. Westliampto.i, Ms., Jan. 19, 1790; d. Bos- 
ton, Xov. 12, 1848. Son of Kev. Enoch, first 
minister of Wcthampion (1779-1837). Hcat- 
tcndcd Piof Silliman's lectures on chemistry ; 
studied mcd. under Drs Bigelow and Warren; 
and afier practising until 1816 at Gardiner, 
Me., removed to Boston, where he continued 
to practi.se extensively until the close ot his 
life. He was long 'an active member and 
officer of the Ms. Mcd. Soc. ; one of tlie 
physicians of the Gen. Ilospitd, Boston ; a 
me'nilwr of the Amer. Acad, of Arts and Sci- 
ences, and of other scientific, religious, and 
benev. associations. He pub. a dis.sertation 
on Animal Heat and Respiration ; Hist, and 
Descrii). of the Spotted Fever, which prevailed 
at Gardiner, Me., in 1814; two Boylston 
Prize questions in 1319 and H2I ; on the Com- 
munication between the Stomach and the 
Urinary Organs; a work on the Typhoid 
Fever ;' and also various contribs. to the mcd. 
and scientilic journals of the day.— See Me- 
moir ill Host. Med. and Surij. .Jour. 

Hale, Jons, first minister of Beverly, Ms., 
from Sept. 20. 1667, to his d., May 15, 1700. b. 
Chailc^town, Ms., June 3, 16.3G. H.U. 1657. 
Chaphiin in the Canada cxped. in 1690; one 
of the aiiproveis of the judicial murders during 
the witchcraft troubles in 1692; but in 1702 
pub. " A Modest Inquiry into the Xature of 
Witchcraft," indicating a change of opinion. 
A memoir of him is in Ms. Hist. Coll. iii. 7. 

Hale, Ions Parker, senator, b. Rochester, 
N.U., 31 Mar. 1806. Bowd. Coll. 1827. Adm. 
to the bar in 1830 ; memlwr of the X.H. legisl. 
1832; dist. attv. for N. H. 18.54-42; M.C. 
1843-5 ; again member of the N.H. legisl., and 
speaker, 1846 ; U.S. senator (elected by a com- 
bination of Whigs and antislavery Democrats) 
1847-53 and 1855-65; minister to Spain in 
1865-9. In Congress Mr. Hale sideil with the 
opponents of slavery. In a pub. letter in Jan. 
1845, he strongly 'denounced, on antislavery 
grounds, the annexation of Texas, and was de- 
clared a iraitor to the Democratic party. This 
defiance of jiartv dictation gave him a strong 
hold on the favo'r of the people. On taking his 
scat in the U.S. senate he was almost the only 
man elected on antislavery grounds, and dis- 
connected with either of the great parties. He 
stood almost alone on the slavery question; 
was a readv speaker, and by his wit and 
humor often' succeeded in turning aside the at- 
tacks of proslaverv senators, and in mitigating 
party animosity. ' Counsel for the defendants 



in the important trials growing out of ths 
rescue of the slave Shadrach at Boston in 1851. 
Candidate of the Liberty party for the presi- 
dency in 1852, and received 157,680 votes. On 
leavi'ng the senate in 1853, he established him- 
self in his profession in New York. 

Hale, Xatii.vs, capt. Revol. army, b. Cov- 
entry, Ct., June 6, 1755 ; executed as a spy in 
New' York, Sept. 22, 1776. Y. C. 177.3. He 
engaged in teaching, first at E. Haddam, and 
afterward at N. London, but, soon alter the 
Lexington alarm, entered the army as a lieut., 
and became a capt. in Knowlton's regt. While 
with the troops near Boston, he was vigUant 
and faithful in everv point of duty. In Sept. 
1776, when in New York, he, with an associate, 
planned and effected the capture of a British 
sloop laden with provisions, taking her at mid- 
ni'ht from under the guns of a frigate. Alter 
the retreat from Long Island, Washington ap- 
plied to Knowlton to furni>h him with informa- 
tion of the strength, situation, and future 
movements, of the enemy. Capt. Hale oft'ered 
himself a vol. for this hazardous service, 
passed in disguise to L.I., examined every part 
of the British avmv, and obtained the best pos- 
sible information 'respecting its situation and 
future operations. While on his return, he was 
apprehended, carried before Sir Wra. Howe, 
and ordered for execution the next morning. 
This order was carried out in the most unfeel- 
ing manner. He was denied the attendance of 
a clergyman ; was not permitted the use of a 
Bible T'and bis letters to his mother and other 
friends, written on the morning of his execu- 
tion, were destroyed by the provost-marshal, 
" that the rebels' shoul'd not know they had a 
man in their armv wlio could die with so much 
firmness." His dying observation was, that 
" he only lamented that he had but one life to 
lose for'his country." Dwight has celebrated 
his virtues both in 'prose and verse. — See Stu- 
art, Life of Nathan Uttte. 1856. 

Hale.'NATHAX, LL.D. (H.U. 1853), jour- 
nalist, nephew of the preceding, son of Rev. 
Enoch, b. Westliampton, Ms., Aug. 16, 1784; 
d. Brooklinc, Ms., Feb. 9, 1863. Wms. Coll. 
1804. He studied law ; served two years as in- 
structor in Exeter Acad., then removed to 
Boston ; w.as adm. to the bar in 1810, and prac- 
tised law 4 years. He then, with Henry D. 
Sedgwick, edited the Weekli) Messenger, devot- 
ed to politics and literature. March 1,1814, 
he purchased the Bo.-^on Daili/ Advertiser, the 
first daily in N. England, and for many years 
the only 'one, and established the principle of 
editorial responsibility distinct from that of in- 
dividual contributors." Its influence was great, 
at first as a Whig print, and latterly as a Repub- 
lican organ. Its influence was given in 1820 
a-ainst the Mo. bill, and in 1854 to oppose the 
Nebraska bill. It was the first journal to sug- 
gest the immediate free colonization of Kansas. 
In 1825 he pub. a map of N. E., which is still 
a standard authority. In 1828 he pub. a work 
on the protective policy. He was an eariy ad- 
vocate of railroadsiu X.E.; and in 1828 w.is the 
acting chairman of the Ms. Board of Internal 
Improvements. First pres. of the Boston and 
Worcester R. R. Co., and continued 19 years. 
In 1846 he was app. chairman of the commiss. 



HAL 



39G 



HAT. 



fur introiluciiif; water into the citv of Boston. 
Kditor ami pub of the ilonlhlij Ch'iunicU 1840- 
2. Ik- WM (MIL- of lliu club wlik'h luuinled 
the -Y. .1. Jleiiew and the Chiisliim JCiamiiur ; 
often served iii Ih>iIi briincheKorihe Ms. IckjuI.; 
wiia u ineuiher of both the laUT Const. Convs. ; 
and WHS an uitive member of the Hist. Soo. 
and of the Aiad. of Arts and Seieneis. In 
1810 he m. S.iruh Preston, sister of ICdward 
Everett. His son, Natii.vn, Juii., b Boston, 
12 Nov. 1811$, d. 9 Jan. 1871. U. U. 1838. 
Adin. to the bar 1841. Kditor of the Uuntaii 
Misctlldiifi 1842, co-editor UrnUm iJaili/ Ailier- 
lisi't 1842-5.3; latterly connected with Old and 
AVtr, n monthly periodical. 

Hale, CoL.'HonKBT, b. Bcverlv, Ms., Feb. 
12, i;u3; d. March 20, 1767. ll. U. 1721. 
Grandson of llcv. John Hale of Beverly ; edu- 
cated a physician, and practised extensively in 
his native town. He com. u regt. under Pep- 
perell at the capture of Louisburj^ in 1745. 
App. in 1747 by the legist, of Mn. commi^3. to 
N.^. to adopt measures for the gen. defence, 
and in 1755 conimiss. to N.H. to conceit an 
e.\ped. a;;uinst the French. App. sherili' of 
Ksse\ Co. in 1761. He was a leading man in 
the Province, and 1.3 years a mcinlicr of the 
lc{;isl. — Slom's licieili/. 

Hale, Salma, politician, b. Alstcnd, N.H., 
March 7, 1787; il. Kecne, Nov. 19, 11^66. A 
printer at Walpole. N H. ; at 18 he edited the 
Poliliral Ohstnatorii there ; subsccpicntly stud- 
ied law. From 1812 to 18.34, with the excep- 
tion of a few years, was clerk of the 8u|K'rior 
and County Courts of Cheshire; M.C. 1817- 
19 ; afterward practised at the bar; and was a 
member of the lettisl. in 182.3-5; sec. of the 
Board of Coinmiss. under the treaty of Ghent. 
He pul). •' llisiorv of the U.S.," for schools, in 
1825; "Annals of Keene," 8vo, 1826; "His- 
tory of the U.S.," Lond., 8vo, 1826 ; and fre- 
quently wrote lor periodicals. Hisson Gi^orgk 
S. Hale (II. U. 1844) is an eminent lawyer of 
Boston. 

Hale, Sarah JosEfUA (Rt'bL), authoress, 
b. Newport, X.H., 24 Oct. 1790. Ab. 1814 she 
in. David Hale, an eminent lawver, who d. in 
1822, leaving her 5 children, the oldest of whom 
was but seven, to support by her pen. She 
pub. " The (ieniusof Ubiivion and other Origi- 
nal Poems," 1823; " Norlhwood, a Tale of 
N. England," 1827 ; removed to Boston in 
1828, and edited the Laili/'.i Miii/tizim, till in 
1837 it was united with the LfiJi/'a Book of 
Pbila., of which she was many years the litera- 
ry editor, residing in Phila. since 1841. While 
in Boston she originated the Seaman's Aid Soci- 
ety, the parent of many similar organizations 
in various ports. Her other works arc, — 
"Sketches of American Character," 1830; 
"Traits of American Life," M 835 ; "Flora's 
Inteq)rcier ; " " Good Housckce|icr," a manual 
of cookery ; " Gmsvcnor, a Tragedy," 1838, 
founded on the martyrdom of Col. Isaiic Hayne; 
metrical romances, entitled " Alice Hay," 
1846; " Thn-c Hours, or the Vigil of Ixiv'e," 
I84S: and " Harry Gray." 1848; a " Complete 
Dictionary of Poetical Quotations," 1852; 
" The tliuige, a Drama of American Life ; " and 
" Woman's Record, from the Creation to AD. 
1854," N.V. 1855. She has also edited 80>-eral 



annuals, and the letters of Mine. Sevigntf and 
of Lady .Montagu. 

Haliburton.TiiDUAsCiiANDLKR, D.C.L. 
(Oxf. U. 1858), an Knglish humorous writer, 
b. Windsor, N.S., 1797; d. l-lewortli, Aug. 27, 
1865. Kduealed nt Kind's Coll., and adm. to 
the bar in 1820. He practised law in N.S. many 
years; was member of the Assembly ; and be- 
came a judge ol Common Pleas in 1829, and 
from 1840 to 1842 of the Supreme Court; 
M.P. for Launeesion, Kng., 1859-65. In 18.35 
ho contrib. to n newspajHT in Nova Scotia a 
series of articles satirizing the Yankees, which 
became ixipular in the U.S. nn<l in Eng., and 
were pub. in 1837, with aildiiions and altera- 
tions, as " The Clock-Maker; or, Sayings and 
Doings of Samuel Slick of Slickville. He 
went to Eng. in 1842 ; and in 1843 pub. "The 
Attaclit?, or Sam Slick in Eng." His other 
works are, "An Historical and Statistical Ac- 
count of Novo Scotia," 2 vols., 1828; "The 
Clock-Maker," 2d series, 1838, and 3d series, 
1840; "Bubbles of Canada," 1839; "The 
Old Judge, or Life in n Colony," 1839 ; " Let- 
ter-Bug of the Great Westcni," 18.39 ; " Yan- 
kee Stories," 1852 ; " Traits of American Hu- 
mor," 1852; "Nature and Human Nature," 
1855; "Rule and Misrule of the English in 
America," 1851; " Letters to Lord Duiham," 
and " Wise Saws." 

Halkett, Joii.N, author, b. Lond. 1768; d. 
Brighton, Eng., Nov. 1852. Nephew of Sir 
Peter. App. gov. of the Bahamas, Dec. 5, 
1801, anil of Tobago, Oct. 27, 18U3 ; and was 
cliai. man of the board of commiss. of W. India 
accounts from 1814 to l.'<19. Being the soii-in- 
law of the Earl of Selkirk, he pub. in Lond , 
1817, a " Statement respecting his Settlement 
upon the Red Hiver." He visited Amcr. in 
1821 or 2 ; and in 1823 pub. in Eng. " Histor- 
ical Notes res|Kcting the Indians of North 
Amer."— ffisl. .IA17. iii. 50. 

Halkett, Siu Pkter, of Pitfcrran, Fife- 
shire, bart. of Nova Scotia, son of Sir P. Wcd- 
derbume of Gosford, who assumed his wife's 
name. M.P. for Dunfermline, 1734 ; lieul.- 
col. of the 44th at Sir John Cope's defeat in 
1 745. Being released on parole, and ordered 
by Cumberland to serve again against the Jac- 
obites, he refused, saying that " his royal High- 
ness was master of his commission, but not of 
his honor." He bivanie col. of his ngt. Feb. 
26, 1751, anil was killed at its head in the bat- 
tle of Monongahela. .July 9, 1755. — Surgail't 
ICxi*. itt/(tinst fori I htiftusiie. 

Hall, Allen A., journalist and diplomat, 
b. N.C. ; d. Cochabamha, Bolivia, May 18, 1867. 
He practised law at Nashville, and was for 30 
years coiincctcd with the leading papers there; 
chanjf d'liffiiirrs to Venezuela 1841-5 ; assist.- 
sec. "of the U.S. trcas. 1849-.'>0 ; edite<l the Rt- 
inihlic at Wa.'-bington ; afterward edited (he 
iMiilii .Y. «■«, 1857-9, at Nashville, and was min- 
ister'!" Bolivia 186.3-7. 

Hall,CAi'T. Basil, traveller, b.E<linbnrgh, 
1788; d Portsmouth, Eiig., Sept. II, 1844. 
Entering the roy. navy in 1802, he hi came n 
|H)st capt. in 1817. He com. the brig " Lyra." 
which nccoinp. I^>rd Amherst in his mission 
to China, and wrote his first work, entitled "A 
Voyage of Discovery to the Western Coast of 



HAX, 



397 



TTAT. 



Cores, and the Great Loo CIioo Island in the 
Japan Sea," pub. in 1S18. He was stationed 
oil' tlie Pacific coast of Amer. during the rev- 

01. of tlie Spanisii Colonies, and on his return 
to Eng. pub. 'Extracts from a Journal writ- 
ten on the Coasts of Chili, Peru, and Jle.xico, 
in 1820-22,"2 vols. 1824. He also pub. " Trav- 
els in N. Amer. in 1827 and 1828" (.3 vols. 
1829), severely commented upon by the Amer. 
press, and " Travels in So. Amer.," 8vo, 1841. 
In the latter part of his life, his intellect be- 
came impaired, and he d. insane. 

Hall, B.iT.v.\RD RcST, D.D., educator, b. 
Phila. 1798 ; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Jan. 23, 1863. 
U:i. Coll. 1820. Princeton Thcol. Sera. Son 
of Dr. John Hall, who was at one time on the 
suff of Washington. Some years pastor of 
a church, and pres. of a coll. in Blooraington, 
Ind. ; afterward pastor of a congrcgration, and 
principal of a large acad. in Bedford, Pa. At 
various limes he was connected with education- 
al institutions in Bordentown and Trenton, 
N. J., and Poughkccpsie and Newburgh, N.Y. 
Ab. 1852 he removed to Brooklyn ; was prin- 
cipal of the Park Institute; and for the last 
few years of his lile preached to the poor. 
He pub. a "Latin Grammar," 1828; "The 
New Purchase," 1843 ; " Something for Every- 
body ; " '■ Teaching a Science ; " " Frank Free- 
man's Barber Shop," 1 832. — N. Y. Times, Jan. 
27, 1863. 

Hall, DoMiNicK AcGcSTiKE, jurist, b. 
S.C. 17155 ; d. X. Orleans, Dec. 19, 1820. He 
commenced the practice of law in (Charleston, 
S.C, and was dist. judge of Orleans Terr, 
from 1809 till it became the State of La. in 
1812, when he was app. U.S. judge of the 
State, in which position he continued during 
his life. Dee. 15. 1814, his court was ordered 
to be adjourned for 2 months, " owing to the 
military operations of the British forces against 
New Orleans." In Mar. 1815, while the city 
was under martial law. Judge Hall was arrested 
by Gen. Jackson for having granted a writ of 
habeas corpus to a person arrested by bis au- 
thority. Judge Hall was released Mar. 14, 
and immediately summoned Gen. Jackson to 
answer for a contempt of court, resulting in a 
judgment against him, and a fine of SI, (100, 
which he paid. It was, however, refunded to 
him, with interest, in 1844, bv act of Congress. 

Hall, Ebwaed BEOOBJi,D.D. (H.U. 1848), 
Unitarian clergvman, b. -Medford, Ms., Sept. 

2, 1800; d. Providence, Mar. 3, 1866. H.U. 
1820. Camb. Theol. School, 1824. He bad 
charge of the Garrison Forest Academy, near 
Baltimore, 1 year; preached at Xorthampton, 
Ms., where he wasord. Aug. 16, 1826; resigned 
Dec. 3, 1829; and was settled at Providence, 
Nov. 14, 1832, until his d. He pub. Memoir 
of Mary L. Ware, Bost. 12mo, 1852; Centu- 
rv Discourse, 1st Cong. Ch., Prov., 19 June, 
1836. 

Hall, FuEDEHicK, M. D. (Castlet. Med. 
Sehool 1827), LL.D. (Dartm. Coll. 1842), ed- 
ucator, h. Grafton, Vt., 1780; d. Peru, 111., 
July 27, 1843. Dartm. Coll. 1803. Tutor 
there 1804-5, and at Mid. Coll. 180.5-6 ; prof, 
of nat. philos. and math, in Mid. Coll. 1806- 
24 ; ])rof. of chemistry and mineralogy at 
Trin. Coll., Hartford ; pres. of Mt. Hope Coll., 



near Baltimore, Md. ; prof, of chemistry in 
Col. Coll., Washington, at the time of his 
death. He gave to Dartm. Coll. a cabimt 
of minerals, and some thousands of dollars. 
He pub. a eulogy on Solomon M. Allen, 
1818 ; statistics of Middlebury, in Ms. Hi.st. 
Coll'' . 2d series, vol. ix. ; "Letters from the 
East and from the West," Bait., 8vo, 1840. 

Hall, Gordon, the first Amer. missionary 
to Bombay, b. Tolland, Ms., Apr. 8, 1784 ; d. 
of cholera in Bombay, Mar. 20, 1826. Wms. 
Coll. 1808. He studied theology, and having 
been ord. at Salem, Feb. 6, 1812, sailed for 
Calcutta, arriving at Bombay Feb. 11,1813; 
he spent 13 years in missionary labors there. 
He possessed great force of mind, and decision 
of character, and was devoted to his work, for 
which he was eminently qualified. He pub. 3 
or 4 sermons and tracts, and, with S. Newell, 
" The Conversion of the World," 8vo^ 1818. 
His " Appeal in Behalf of the Heathen " is a 
masterpiece of argument and eloquence. A 
Memoir of him was pub. 12mo 

Hall, H.VRRisos, editor of the Port/olio, 
1815-27, bro. of Judge James, b. 1787 ; d. 
Cincinnati, Mar. 9, 1866. He pub. a work on 
" Distilling," 1815. Ed. a vol. of the writings 
of his mother, Sarah Hall, in 1833. 

Hall, UiLAXD. LL D. (U. of Vt. 1859), 
lawyer, b. Bennington, Vt., July 20, 1795. 
He spent his boyhood on his father's farm ; 
was adm. to the bar in 1819; was in 1827 
elected to the State legisl., and afterwanls for 
scleral years was State atty. ; M.C. from Vt. 
in 1833-43; bankcommiss. in 184.'i-6 ; 4 years 
judge of the Supreme Court ; in 18.50 second 
compt. of the treas. ; from 1851 to 18.54 land 
commis. for California; gov. of Vt. 1858-60, 
and delegate to the Per.ce Congress, Mar. 
1861; author of "Hist, of Vt.," 8vo, 1868. 

Hall, J.\3IES, judge and author, b. Phila. 
Aug. 19, 1793; d. near Cinciun;iti, Julv 5, 
1868. His mother, Mrs Sarah Hall (b. Oct. 
30, 1760; d. Apr. 3, 1830), dan. of Dr. John 
Ewing, wrote " Conversations on the Biljle," 
and was a contrib. to the Porljhlh from the 
commencement, and during the editorship of 
her son. A vol. of her writings was edited 
and pub. by Harrison Hall in 183.3, with a 
memoir by judge Hall. He began the study 
of law, but left it to join the army in the war 
of 1812, and was disting. at Lundy's Lane, 
Niagara, and the siege of Fort Erie. At the 
close of the war, he was app. an officer in the 
bomb vessel which aecomp. Decatur's squad, 
against the Algerines, but resigned in 1818, 
and resumed the study of law at Pittsburg, 
Pa. In 1820 he removed to Shawneetown, 
III. ; practised at the bar, and edited a weekly 
newspaper, the Illinois Gazette. He was aiip. 
atty. of a circuit of 10 counties, and wrote 
interesting sketches of his mode of life and 
adventures. 4ycarsafter, he waselectcd judge 
of (he circuit court, over which he presitUil 3 
years. He was also 4 years State treasurer ; 
had a large legal practice, and edited the //• 
linois Intelli'icncer, weekly, with other literary 
labors. Removing from Vandalia in 1833 to 
Cincinnati, he became in 1836 cashier, and in 
185.3-65 was pres., of the Commercial Bank. 
In 1 820 he began for the PorljUiu a series «f 



WAT, 



398 



KL-Vi, 



''Utters from the Wc^t," whkl. in 1828 ,vcre 

n-ncc. He edited „„d contril.. Uvacly to the 

in the West I„ I8.TO he est^Wi^hcd a, ^"n 

eontmued „t Ci,ui„„„,-i (ro/n 1833 "^7 
under the tuleof the H^sta;, MontUy M,,!n^,e 
Ho p,.h. also -U-t-end. „f the West/'isa" 
Soldier'. Bride and other Tale, " M-T " 



^tters. He „c.ed with ,i,c FcUn.list. and 
w. «.ven.-lv ,v..„nded in .he B,.lt,„,o e r,„i 

cap n.H killed, from I8.)8 to 1817 he pub 
M.e Am,nc,,„ U,c Jo„n,„l (6 voN. I'h^ri 

?^p"i:c;^S;o-;:^,:«-„;fS 




«„ r. p ' B'^-raphy " (2d series, vol.'lx ,'^1840 ii r I ""• ^''^ '' ^ ""'I "fl'roV. 

and " Romance ol Western Iliston- " lai?' '" '°'*?- "cf father, ])r. John Park Inimi 



^^s 1853. — />«„oC./.ci- 

Hall, Jamiis, State geologist ol NY 



HaUr/... BsT'^a^geologist of V Y b '^r"'"""^ ^J:'""«' »■ «'"™rl7';:ire'.'"'in if^l 
...t'lmm. Ms., of V...±^. I.':i°' ^-^.-J.^- '^o "rote " Miriam.- „ dr.nmtie^poem" pnb 




stu y of the graptoli.es, of which he haJ ,1^ H . . ' '^"'"' "■ '"= "'» '" J"l>- elected bv 

scribed 25 new species. Of .heiovaXn' umi!' '" n' T'"^", "<-" ^--ned ^n Coi««^^ 

clec.eda forc-ifjn member of the Geo). Socicrv 781 r '*"''' '"™ '"""^•- <^»'- "f Ga. in 

of I^";"l-.;vl.Kh society in 1858 conferred, moi Wi,h ".'^ P^P*-"'"'.* «as confiscated by the 

H™is' meXr'rf" °'' "i? ^^'""-o" -clT Pro v nee"""" '" ""'^"''>- ""---■' "' "-e 

..S*"; •'j;!"'' J"^'^'. [■: Stai-n-on Co.. Va.. d L^n"- ,L^::,^-\:.' '" '.S?^-.. "e ha, held 



17^^"; "'w'"' ■*"''■"' ''■ S'«"n'on Co., Va 
I '(<.», d Wancnton, N.C., Jan 29 isi-.' 

dis^tmg. lawyer, was raised to the bench in 
?.''!,'J1. 1 . ".• hesiuflied law, and 



di..b,entadnii;iis,rative„ndjudie"r.^:er1' 

fe.'i"":as'\T(i T"',":} "•-''" oTth: 

ii.({isi. was M.C. from 1847 to 1849- alter 
H.i'l"l*-P "'''■ ^.""""f "-esteri i Y.""" 
ver b ('h ,"^ n '''=*«* ^T". IHK-t and law- 
jcr b. thcMer IJisiriet, S.C., Dec 23 IS-)'! • 
;': Macon, Ga . Dec 4. 1854. " iV.^oviV ' t h' 
hi.s partTUs to Ga. in 18.37, he was adn "to t ,c 
barn, 1848 and in 1849 removed to Mac" ■ 

d atir '%'"'' "j"*^,'' ''^•"' -P"«ation N I i's 
bath. 1,1 IS48 he pub. in Charleston 
..i':?•^:'..^^'' So-h-CarJlinian.- His'",™ 



HLA-L 



S99 



HLA.L 



■Ffall SvMUEL, printer, b. Medford Ms., 
xv I 1-4U- a Boston, Oct. 30, 1807. He 
^^ed- h;rappn.n,ice.,np wuh h^ nneU, 

]).nicl F..wle ot Portsmouth V ■ ^"^ ^ '^l 8 
he W..S \n partnership ""'„>""• ""j'^^^^h,, 
Times Frank! n, at Nevvpo. t. K 1. m i . ». ni. 
Juh he Es.ex G«««e at SjUen, ; rcmovecl m 
1773 to Cambrid-e, «here he P'-l^jlll^.-M; 
C/™»-cfe,- removed to Bostot, m I, ,6 puh_ 
the S:ilem Gazelle asain in 1.81, and '" '"" 
i. \r, r„-ene- in 1789 he cjiencd a book- 
i'e fn B^"'t"^^ «hicl. in 180-^ he sold to Lin- 
coTn t Edn,ands. His patriotic J--- -f 
o? Utat service to the cause of hbertv.- 

and in 18-2,tan.,ht an acad at Fttch ., M=. 



°^K^'-ke,!ti^::^trr^^eli^m 



section wul^ ' % .. lAstructor's Manual, or 
1846. Autlior of ^"?"'-V°Ja."Ucuxns 

dven. H'- now ii.ii^= Westford. Ms., 

Hall, ^Y-'-'-^^J'u 799 lie Idied law 
"^"1 ''-ffiVe of s"muc Danaof Groton, and 
,„ the office of ^.'™^'^' Uillshorough Co 
Th t M^r 1 01. In May. 1803, he settled 
fn Do er Dek.and practiced there fO J^f'- 

&^Vtr^^^i-Sai:^-ofLS^^i 

sec. of S'-' «^,'; " „,, ,n.'gested a plan winch 

r T, m Oct. 1 8.i6. He was a col. of Tcnn. 
fnilitii n 'the U.S. service, Dec 1812-Fd>. 
\"l3; '>H.'.i,"=n- Tcnn. ™ls Sept. 26. 1813, 
and M.C. tVnm Tenn^n 1831-^. 
Hall, W..U.M W b. Pan^^Kj. ^^^^ 

f^o" A ho t^Treatises on Cholera, Bron- 
S;"Cr'/^ie,;(W^ and Colds. 

^?l^.?\V.i.uv I called the father of the 
can stage. '^^■'-^J.^^- „ ^..^^^ of sreat repute 

-^^^;;i":o;?ou^i^i--^--'"'^- 



Lewis ; and d. in Eng. Lewis, his bro., also 
S ite at Goolman-s Fields, nnuc h,s Mu 
«t \ew York. 26 Feb. 17.iO, Ml the play of 
?.'l^ci:LdUI.:"andSept..M7^2,atWilham^^^^ 
bur- Va.. as Launcclot Gobbo and Tubal 
i, rhe "Merchant of Venice ; "went to the 
Island of .lamaica in 1756, where he soon after 
di.d His wife, afterward well known as Mrs. 

1773. Lewis, son of the precedin-, and one 
of the best actors of his trnie, b. Loud 1 ,40 . 
d. Phila. Nov. 1,1808. He appeared nLo.d 
O-lcbv in 1763, a part he performed foi +0 
v°ar;,-his lastapp. in it bein^. at the Park, 
\Y n 1807. kaster Adam Hallam made 
his d'^but in New York, Sept. 17, 175:i, at the 
New Nassau-street Theatre as auid in 
"The Conscious Lovers." 'Hie Ha Uun Com^ 
pauv opened at Phila. 15 Apr. 1/oi, wuh 
" The Fair Penitent." p„;ifnrd 

Halleek, F.xzGREEyE P°fQ ,•«?: Tl s 

Ct Jnlv8, 1790; d. there Nov. 19,186'. U'S 
mmlver.-Marv Fhot, was a descendant ot John 
the " Apostle to the Indians." He acquired a 
,'ood aeJdemical education in his native town. 
At the a-e of 18 he became a clerk in the bank- 
h,V-hou"e of .Jacob Barker New York where 
he v.inained many years. He w.is al.o n the 
cotton.trade and sugai-line.;' He was loi.^en- 
Ka-ed in the business-affairs of John Jacob 
Asior (18-^-49), who made him a trustee ot 
the Astor Library. He wrote verses from bojr- 
hoDd. His lines to "TwiU-ht' appeared m 
ihTkvnm Post in 1818; aiul in the loUow- 
t' March 4e assisted Joseph Rodinan Drake 
incontributins, under the signature o C.oak- 
er iun " to the humorous series of /-foakei 
P,; ers ' also for the Post. The death o^ 
Drake in 1820 was commemorated liy HallLCK 
in one of his most touching poems. In the 
latter part of 1819 lie wrote his longest poenj, 
" Fanv " a satire in the measure of Byron s 
" Don Juan." It was completed and printed 
within three weeks of its commence.nent ad 
was highly popular. In 1822-3 he v,„ted Lu- 
ro|.e ; and in 1827 pub an edition " '' ;P°; 
en^s, including "Alnwick Ca.stle_ and Burns 
It also i'H-luded the spirited lyric" Marco Boz 
ziris" oiiginally pub. in the N. Y. lixneio. 
1, 1864 he pub. " Young America." a poem of 
iome 300 lines. A remarkable characteristic 
of his poetic genius was its versatility. Late 
in life he became a Koman Catholic. — ■'^^e.i-i.'« 
Id Letters 0/ Uallerlc, In James G,u,U mison. 

^^Halleck, HEynr Wager, ""J f ". "■ 
S A. b. Waterville, Oneida Co., N. ^•. 18'^; 
Wesi Point, 1 839. Son of 'If ■ J'^'^P'; ,";••",;; 
grandson of Peter of Long Island «;= " ■ "^ " 
orv Keceiving an academical cdu ation, he 
studied a short time at Un. Col. before enter- 
in" Vest Point. Entering the engineer scr- 
vice he was, until June, 1840. assist, prof at 
West Point. From 1841 to 184-1 he was cm- 
,1; d on the fortificaiions in ^.Y harbor ; and 
„ iS45visite.l the milit^iry establishments of 
Europe. In the winter of 1 845-b he delivered 
at h^ Lowell Institute of Boston a series of 
",. res on the Science of \Var, since ,.ub a9 
" Elements of Military Art and bcienco. Dur- 



WAT. 



400 



HA-M 



ing the wnr with Mexico, he scrvc<l in Califor- 
nia an J on the Pacific coast. Ist licut. in 
1845, he was hrev. capt. for ;;aMiintry at I'alus 
Prictas and Urias, Xuv. 18 anil I'J, 1947 ; and 
afterward ^really distin(j. himself at San An- 
tonio and Todo'j Santos, March, 1849. Ho 
also acted on the start' of Com. Shnbrick, par- 
ticipating in the capture of Muzailan, of whi -h 
he was made lieiit.-nnvernor. Sec. of state of 
the province <if California from Aug. 1.3, 1847, 
to Ucc. I'O, 1S49, acling also as andiior of the 
revenue; menilwr of the convention in 1949, 
as one of tlie drafting committee, he had a 
la^^•^hare in preparing the State coD'^iituiion ; 
altcrvvard judge advoi-atc and insp. of light- 
houses ; capt of engineers, 1 July, 19.">.'J ; here- 
signed Aug. 1, 1854, and Iwgan to practice law 
in San Francisco. For many years he was the 
senior partner of one of the largc-t law-firms 
in Cal., and director-gcn. of the N. Almuden 
quicksilver mines. In 1855 he%va.s pres. of the 
I'acilic and Atlantic Road, from San Francisco 
to San Jo>e. App. raaj.-gen. U.S..\. Aug. 19, 
1861, he succeeded Fremont in command of 
the Western dept. in Nov. Early in April, 
186-2, he took com. of the army before Corinth, 
the investment of which was soon followed by 
its capture. After the disastrous cam|>aign of 
the Chickahominy, he was app. (.Iiily.U) gcn.- 
iu-<-hief. He onlered the advance of Ocn. 
Pope, under cover of which MeClellan was 
en;i!iled to retire unmolested to Yorkiowu. 
Chief of stair U.S.A. 12 Mar. 1964, to Apr. 19, 
1865 ; com. railit. div.of the Pacific since Aug. 
1865. Gen. H. has also pub. a "Practical 
Treatise on Bitumen and its Uses," 1841; a 
rc|)ort on Military Defences; translations of 
the "Mining Laws of Spain and Mexico;" 
De Fooz on the Law of Mines," a trvatise cn- 
liiled " International Law and the Laws of 
War ; " and Jomini's " Life of Xa|>oleon." 

Hallett, Bexj.imis F., politician ami low- 
ver, li. Barnstable. Ms., Dec. 2, 1 797 ; d. Boston, 
Sept, .'iO, 19t"i2. Brown U. 1816. Adm, to the 
Boston bar. he was afterward an editor in Prov- 
idence and in Boston, where he edited the anti- 
Masonic Huston Adcoralr. After the decline of 
the anti-Masonic party, he joined the Dcmoc. 
party, over which he exerte<l a powerful influ- 
ence', being a delegate at most of its national 
conventions, and manv years chairman of its 
national committee, lie aided in the nomina- 
tion of Franklin I'ierce (who made him US. 
dist. ntty. for Ms.) and James Buchanan ; and 
was the author of the Cincinnati platform of 
IS.-.fi. 

Hallock, Oerard, ionmalist, son of Rev. 
M.»es, b. Plainrtcld. SU . Man-h 18, 1900; 
d. New York, Jan. 4. 1866. Amh. Coll. 1819. 
In early lile he taught Hebrew and German. 
In 18'i4 he established the lioslon Teleqraph, 
which he united with the Bn<lnn Rm>rHrr in 
1925. He Iwcarac half-proprietor of the .V Y. 
O'ltervir in 1827, and, in partnership with David 
Uttle, became proprietor of the A. Y. luunuit 
of Contuurrt in 1928, which he continued to 
conduct until 1861. In 1923 Messrs. Ualeand 
Hullock fitted out a sclioom-r to cruise olf 
Sandv Hook, and intercept European vessels 
for news. In 18.3.'$ thcv established a horse ex- 
prtiss from I'hila. to N.V., by which tlKV were 



enabled to puliti-h congressional news one day 
in lulvancf of their contemporaries. He ex- 
pendeil over S5H,000 in the enction and support 
of a church in N. Haven, and by personal ex- 
ertions he foundcil the Southern Aid Society. 

Hallock, JtiiEUt. til, clep.-yinan. b. Brook- 
haven, L.I. , March I. 'J. 1759; d. West Simsburv, 
Ct., June 23, 1826. When 9 years old, his la- 
ther removed to Goshen, Ms. ; and licforc he was 
21 he was twice called to enter the Rcvol. amiv. 
He enteri-d the school of Dr. Pwight ; and in 
April, 1784, was licensed to preach, and was 
installed pa-tor of the congregation in West 
Simsbury, Oct. 26, 1785, where lie remained 

till his ilealh. iif Life, hy /{n: Ci/rut Yale, 

llarllhrd, 8vo, 1 838. 

Hallock, Moses, clcrg)-man, hro. of Jere- 
miah, I). Brookhaven, L L.'Feb. 16. 1760; d. 
July 17, 18.37. Y.C. 1799. lie was first pas- 
tor of the church in Plainfield from July II, 
1792, until his death. He was a man of patri- 
archal simpli<'iiy, and devoted himself to the 
education of young men for the ministry. A 
sketch of his lite has been pab. by the Tract 
Socictv. 

HailOWell, Bexjami!«, loyalist, commis- 
sioner of the revenue in Bos'inn before the 
Revol. ; d. 1799. His estate was confiscated. 
One of his sons. B. Careiv, was a iiistingni>he<l 
British admiral ; another. Ward Nicholas 
(Boylston). was a benefactor of Harvard Coll. 
His iiro. RdiicRT, a considerable lan>lholder in 
Maine, d. Gardiner, Me., April 23, 1918, a. 80. 

Halpine, Cuvrlks g. ('Miic-s o'lu-il- 

Iv,"), author and politician, b. Oldcasile, Co. 
Sleath, Ireland, Nov. 1829 ; d. N.Y. Citv, Aag. 
3,1868. Trinity Coll., Dublin, 1846. "His fa- 
ther, a clergvman and scholar, edited the Dub- 
lin Eitninif Stuil, the leading pajicr in the Prot- 
estant interest. Upon his lather's death he 
connected himself with the press, but in 1847 
came to New York, where he wrote for the 
Hrnilil ; afterward oided Shillabcr in editing 
the Carpet fitvj in Boston ; and was conncctea 
with the press of New York and Boston until 
April, 1961, when he volunieercil in the Union 
army, and rose to the grarle of brig. -gen. of 
vols., and maj in the regular service. He re- 
signed in 1964. He became e<liior of The 
C.tizen ; supported Mr. Lincoln's re-eli-clion ; 
and at the time of his death, which w-as occa- 
sioned by nn ovcrilojjc of chloroform, was regis- 
ter of the Co. of N. York. He wrote " Poems 
by the Inciter H ; " two volumes of hiiinorons 
writings under the noni tie jtliime of " Private 
Miles O'Reilly," while serving at the South; 
and a volume of »-ar-songs and hnmonms 
verses. These songs became favorites with the 
army. One of his most famous pii-ces, entitled 
" Tear down the Flaunting Lie,' has, since his 
death, been claimed by another. He was a man 
of treat vcr-atility and of convivial habits. 

Hamblin, l Houas Sowerbt, a>-ior, h. 
Loud. .May 14, 1900; d. New York. Jan. 8, 
1953. First appeared in 1819 at Sadler's 
Wells, Ixmd., and. Dec. 26, as Tninian in 
" George Barnwell," at Drury Lane. His first 
American performance was Hamlet, at the 
Park The-itre, in Oct. 1825. He then si.irrcd 
through the States until Aug. 18.30, when he 
became manager of the Bowery Theatre, and 



HAJVI 



401 



ham: 



continued in tliat capacity in various N.T. 
theatres until his dcaili. His tliird wife, Miss 
Medina, wrote tlic dramas of " Last Davs of 
PdiniiL-ii," " Iiienzi,"&c. — Brown's Amer. islage. 

Ilamer, Thomas L., lawyer and politician, 
h. I'a. ; d. Monterey, Mex., 2 J)ec. 1846. 
Kmij;. in early life to t). He practised law wiih 
snceess; served in several sessions of the lej;isl., 
and was sneaker durin;; one term ; M.C 1833- 
9; app. brig.-jjen. 1 July, 18-tG; distiu;:. in the 
battle of Monterey, ami eocn. the division after 
Gen. Butler was wounded. Congress, in testi- 
mony of his j^allautry, presented a sword to his 
nearot malu rrlutivc. 

Hamilton, Alexander, statesman, ora- 
tor, and soliiiei, h. in Xivis, one of the W.I. 
Islands, 11 Jan. 1757; killed in a (fuel with 
Aaron Burr, 12 July, 1 S0+. His father, James, 
was a Scotch merchant; his mother, whose 
name was Faucette, was of Huguenot descent. 
In 1769 he entered a couiuiug-house in Si. 
Croix; in 1772 attended the si-hocd of Francis 
Barber, at Elizabethiown, X. J. ; ami in 1773 
entered King's Coll. In Ju'y, 1774, he made 
a spcecli to the people of N.Y., and was hi^'hly 
applauded, also aidinjr the popular cause by his 
writings. Applying himself to the study of 
tactics, he was in Mar. 1776 made a capt. of 
art., and served wiih credit at L. I., White 
Plain.s, Trenton, and Princeton ; became aide- 
de-camp to Washington in Mar. 1777, gaining 
his special fivor and confidence; and was em- 
ployed as his sec, a'so assisting in planning 
cainpaigns. He was highly prai^ed for his 
conduct at Monniou;h, and was second to Col. 
Laurens in the duel with Lee which grew out 
of it. In Dec. 17S0 he in. F.liza, dau. of Gen. 
Schuyler, and in Fcl>. 1781 retired Irom Wash- 
ington's staff in conseciucitee (jf a rehnke which 
he thought unmerited. He d-eli.ied to with- 
draw hi* resignation, tliough Wa>hington sent 
him an apology. In July, 1781, he obtained 
the Com. of a N.Y. batt., with which he cap- 
tured ljy assault, Oct. 14, 1781, a redoubt at 
Yorktown. Upon the surrenderof Cornwallis 
he applied himself to the study of law; was 
a member of Congress in 17S2-3, and often 
chairman of important connnitfes ; began to 
practise law in N.Y. City ah. Aug. 1783, and 
soon took the lead in his profession. He ex- 
erted himself to protect the Tories from perse- 
cution; was active in establishing the N. York 
bank ; and was one of the founders of an anti- 
slavery society; member of the N.Y. legisl. in 
Jan. 1787, and a delegate to the Phila. conv. 
in May, 1787, to foiTO a Federal Constitution, 
an instrument which he had a principal share 
in devising, supporting, and causing to be 
adopted. With the aid of the able pens of 
Madison and Jay, he advocated its adoption in 
a series of essays under the signature of " Pul> 
lius," afterwards collected in a vol. called " The 
Federalist," of which he wrote the larger half. 
App. in Sept. 17S9 first see. of the U.S. treas- 
ury, he presented to Congress in Jan. 1 790 a 
report on public credit and a plan for its sup- 
port, which became the basis of the financial 
system. He j.roposed plans for funding the 
national debt, for assuming those of the re- 
spective States, for establishing a U. S. bank 
and a mint, and for obtaining a revenue. He 



advocated the encouragement of domestic 
manufactures by a protective tariff Having 
restored public credit, and witnessed the revival 
of trade and industry, he resigned 31 Jan. 
179.'), and resumed practice at the bar. Ho 
advocated strict neutrality in the French 
revol. struggle in his papers signed " Pacifi- 
cus," and, under the signature of " Camillus," 
powerfully sup])orted Jay's treaty. He assist- 
ed Washington in the preparation of his 
" Farewell Address.'* He declined the position 
ofchiefjusiiceof the U.S. In 1798, the French 
Directory having provoked the American peo- 
ple by acts of hostility, the array was re-organ- 
ized, Washington taking the chief command, 
and Hamilton second as iiispec.-gen., with the 
rank of maj.gen. On the death of Washing- 
ton in Dec. 1799, Hamilton succeeded him as 
com-in-chiof ; but the army was soon disbanded. 
When the house of representatives were to de- 
cide between JcflTerson and Burr, which should 
be prcs , he advised his friends to prefer the 
former. Burr being in 1804 a candidate for 
gov. of N.Y., Hamilton opposed his election, 
expressing his opinion that Burr was a danger- 
ous man, and unfit to be tiusted with power. 
Defeated in his ambitions projects. Burr chal- 
lenged Hamilton, who, though utterly condemn- 
ing the practice of duelling, accepted the chal- 
lenge, was mortally wounded at Hoboken, 11 
July, 1804, and died the next day. His death 
was deeply and generallv lamented. His 
widow Elizabeth, b. 9 Aug. I7.i7, d. Wash- 
ington. D.C., 9 Nov. is.")4. Ills youngest son, 
Co!. Wm. Steven, U.S. surveyor of public 
lands in III., subsequently eng.igcil in mining 
in Cal., d. S.icramcuto, Cal., 7 Aug. 18.50, a. 
50. Hamilton's works, edited by his son John 
C, were jjub. 7 vols. 8vo, 18.')1. — Sf:e Life by 
Itenu-ick, I84I; by J. C. £Iamillon,2 vols. 1834- 
40 ; ./. C. Hamilton's Uisiory of the RipMic of 
tlie U.S., -jv., 6 vols. 1858-60; Reminiscences 
of .fas. A. ffamikon, 1869. 

Hamilton, Axdrew, gov. of N.J. 1 692- 

8, 1699-1701, dep.gov. of Pa. Nov. 1, 1701, 
to his d. in Phila. Jan. 1709. Oiiginallya 
merchant of Edinliurgh, he emig. to N..J. ab. 
1685; was one of the council of Lord Neil 
Campbell, whom he succeeded as dep. gov. in 
1686 ; and in 1689, while on a voyage to Eng., 
was made prisoner, ami detained some time by 
the French. He devised the scheme fur the 
establishment of post-oflSecs in the Colonies ; 
and was app. Apr. 4, 1692, dep. postmaster for 
al! the pl.miations. — Whileliead's E. Jdr.iey. 

Hamilton, ANDr;EW. an eminent lawver, 
d. Phila. Aug. 4, 1741. He acquired dist'inc- 
tioti at Zenger's trial in N.Y., and filled many 
jiublie stations, including that of speaker of 
the Assetnhly, which he resigned in 1739 from 
age and infirmity. 

Hamilton, Andrew J., politician, h, 
Madison Co., Ala., Jan. 28, 1815. He had a 
common school education ; worked on his fa- 
ther's farm ; was some years clerk of the Circuit 
Court of the Co., and a merchant, but was sub- 
sequently adin. to the bar; and in 1846 .-ett'ed 
in Texas. He was atty.-gen. of the State; 
frequently a member of the legisl. ; M.C. 1859- 
61; military gov. of Texas 1862-5 ; and pro- 
vis, gov. 1 865-6. He opposed the secession of 



HJ^JSI 



402 



aj^^M 



Texas, mil was an nciivc friend of tlio U.S. 
(j..vt. ilniin;; the UcU'llion. 

Hamilton, Hen. Charles S.. I>. N.V. ah. 
Isa4. Wot I'uint, 1843. Kntcrinj; the 2J 
Iiil he bec.imo Ut llcut. Juno 30, 1S45; was 
l.ivv. ca|it. lor (jallantry at Contrcrai hihI 
('linrul>ii>co, Au;;. 20, uiiJ severely woumledal 
MoliuiiUel Rcy, Sept. 8, 1847; rcsi|;neil Ajir. 
30, IS.')3, ami 'scttlcil in Fund du Luc. lie 
i-uin. the 3<l vol. rc;;t. from \Vi<i-onsin in May, 
I8GI, and becmie bri;;.-;;en. of vols. May 1", 
1861; ordtrctl to the army of the Mpi., and ilis- 
linjj. at the battle of Corinth, ami Kwk coin, of 
the di«t. of \V. Tcnn. Oct. ao, 1862, and IGth 
aitny corps, Jan.-Apr. 13, 1«6:), when ho re- 
signed ; imij.-^en. Sept. 19, 1862. Since then 
niannf of CoUa oil at Fond du Lac, and re- 
pnt Wi-e. Slate Univer>ity. — Cullnm. 

Hamilton, Col. HtXRV, an Ennlish co- 
lonial i.llicer; d. Aniipna, Sept. 29, IT'.IG. He 
WiU> an ollicer in the lirit. army ; and diirin); 
the war uf the Revel, was lieiit.-),'ov. of De- 
troit. In 1778 he was actively cn^a^cd in in- 
cilin<; the Western Imlians to join the British. 
Karly in Jan. 1779 he recaptured Vincennes, 
hnt in the fullo«ini; month was, with tho en- 
tire parri-^on, surprised by Col. Clarke, and 
carried prisoner to Wiiliamsliun;, Va., where 
he underwent a rifrorous continemeiit. He re- 
tired from the army in I7S3. In 1785 he lie- 
came lieut.-jiov. of Qnehec, but was succeeded 
in 1786 by Lord Dorchester, and was siibse- 
(|ueiitlv iiow of Dominica. 

Hamilton, Jamks, (.ov. of Pa. 1748-Oit. 
17:.4, 17.V.i-G>J, and 1771; h. Thila. ; d. N.Y. 
Aun. 14, 1783. Sod of Andrew, an eminent 
lawyer. Uo lielJ several other offices of distinc- 
tion in the Province, and enjoyed the esteem 
and cdiplideiice of tlie people, bat was a loyal- 
ist, and removed to X A". 

Hamilton, Gex. Jami^s, ])olilieian, b. 
Charleston, S.C, May 8, 1786; d. Oct. 15, 
18i7, by a slcambnat collision, near the coast 
of Texas. His father, Maj. James, a favorite 
aide of Woshin;.'ton, d. Nov. 26, 1833, a. 82. 
Liberally educated, he adopted the law a.s a 
profession ; served in the war of 1812 on the 
Canadian frontier as a ranj., and practised law 
in Charleston, where be was some years mayor. 
By his vijiilance the formidable nejrro conspir- 
acy in 1822, led by Denmark Vesey, was dc- 
te.'ted. Often a meinlwr of tlie State le;;isl., 
and M.C. 1822-9, and the ultra advocate of 
free-trade and Southern ri(;hLs, and of din-ct 
taxation. An active partisan of Gen. Jackson, 
who in 1828 offered him the post of sec. of 
war, and minister to Mexico, both of which he 
decliiud. He nrficd armed resistance to the 
tarilf act of 1828, and, while cov. of S.C. 
(1830-2). recommended to the lc«isl. the pas- 
mvie of the nullilicailon act. which placed tho 
Sbite in collision with the Federal (lOVC. ; app. 
by Gov. liaync his successor, cimi. of tho 
Stale troo|>s. He took an active part in the 
aftuirs of Texas; jiro.urcil the rcco;;nition of 
her independence from Kng. and Franco in 
1841; suUsequcntlv aided in pn>inrin({ her ail- 
mission into the L'nion, and at the time of his 
death was U.~<. senator elect. With bis usual 
C'Mirti-sy and cenerosity, he yieldc<i his own 
cLauce'of safety to a lady among ihc patisun- 



pcrs,. to whom he was an entire »tmn;;er. He 
was one of the founders of the S-mllieni Qnnr- 
tcilfi Itrrifw and of the Bank of Charleston, 
and took un active part in railroad enterprise*, 
and ill the extension and elevation of Sbothcrn 
coiii'Mcrcc. 

Hamilton, Jamea, artist, b. Ireland ab. 
1820; came to the U.S. in infancy; established 
himself as a marine painter in I'hila., nn>l ex- 
celled in sca-fiphts. He is well known as thu 
spirited illustrutorof Dr. Kane's Arctic Kx|» d. 
Amonp his pictures arc " Capture of the Ser- 
apis," '• Old Ironsides," "' An K^rvptiun Sun- 
set," " Wre. kcd HoiMis," Colei id;.'e's " Ancient 
Mariner," ami many subjects from the Arabian 
Ni;;lits. — Tiiiliniiim. 

Hamilton, James Inglis, a British pen. ; 
d. Murdo>lown, July 27, 1803. He cnteri'd 
thi7 army in 1755; scrveij at Fort St. Phi'ip 
in the cxped. to St. Malu in 1 758, and 
aiiainst Belle Isle in 1760; major 1761; 
Mar. 1774, lieut. -col. 21st; and priieeedi'd to 
Canada in 1770 ; com. the 2d bripiidc in Uur- 
poyno's cxped. ; made prisoner at Saratopa ; 
bceaine maj.-;;en. 1787 ; lieut. -pen. 1797 ; gen. 
1802. — /;«/'/<.y/)<'. Ord. C'-ot. 

Hamilton, Jons, mcmlicrof the council 
of N.J. 1713—16: com.iii-chief of the Province 
173C-8; pov. 1740; d. 1746. S..n of Gov. 
An'Inw. 

Hamilton, Jonn Ciiukch, son of Gen. 

Alexander, b. Pliila. 1792. Col. Coll. 1809. 
Coiiiiselior at law ; aide to Gen. Harrison ; 
resi;:ne 1 June, 1SI4. Auihorof " Memoirs of 
Alexander Hamilton," 2 Vids.8vo, N.Y 1834- 
40 ; " Works of A. Hamilton," 7 vols. 8vo, 
1851; " Hisiurv of the Uepublic,"2 vols. 8>o, 
1859. 

Hamilton, Pall, sec. U.S.N. 1809-1813, 
h. S.C; d. Bciiuforl, June 30, 1816. Ileren- 
dered important services dnrin;; thejjcvol. ; 
W08 coinpt. of S.C from 1799 to 1804, im- 
provinp the linancial svstem of the State , and 
was L'ov. .if S.C. in 1801-6. 

Hamilton, Gex. Schuyler, son of John 
C, and prandson of Alexander, l>. N.Y. July 
25, 1822. West Point, 1841. Eiiteriiip the 
1st Inf., he wa'< severely woundeil at .Montcnv, 
was brv. 1st liciit. ; aiid early in 1S47, jiiinii.g 
Scott in the Valley of Mexico, was app. ac^ 
inp aide to the coin.-iii-chief. Aup. 1.3, whilt 
on a hazardous rccoiinoiss.nice, he was attacked 
near .Milfloros by a superior force of Mexican 
lancers, and in a desjicrate handto-hanil en- 
counter was severely wounded. He was brer 
capt. for pallantry in this alTair, and remaineii 
on Scott's staff until I85(; resi'.^ned in 1855, 
and took up his residence at Branfunl, Ct. 
Alter the fall of Sumter, he joined ilic 7th 
N.Y. re;xt. as a private ; was aide to Col. Ia-I- 
ferts, and also to Gen. Butler at Anna|iolis. 
On re.icliinp Washington, he entered the mili- 
tary family of Scott, with the rank of col. ; 
tiL-came hrip.-pcn. Nov. 12, 1961; rtccomp. Gen. 
Ilallrck to Mn. in Oct , and com. the <li<t. of 
St. Louis; in Feb. 1802 he coin, a divisiim 
in Pope's army, and was prcatly instrain>'nlat 
ill the capture of New Atadrid. Gen. Hamilton 
com. the resen'e at the action of F irminptoii. 
Made maj. -pen. .Sept, 17, 1802, fur "merito- 
rious services at New .Madrid and Island N» 



HLA.:SX 



401 



ILAJVt 



Ten ; " resigiieil Feb. 27, 1863. Author of a 
" IlistDrv vf the National Fhig of the U.S ," 
N.V. 18.V2. 

Hamilton, C.\pt. Thomas, author of 
"Men ami .Manners in Anicr.," b. 1789; (i. 
Pisa, Italy. Dee. 7,18+2. Author of "Cyril 
Tiioriiton," " Annals of the Peninsular Cam- 
paigns," ami a noted eontrib. to Ulaiirwoixl. 
lie served in the Peninsular war and that of 
1812 with the U.S. 

HamliD, Haxxibal, statesman, b. Paris, 
0.\lord Co., .Me., Auj,'. 27, 1809. He prepared 
hitnself for eoll. ; but the death of his fa.her 
compelled him to take charfje of his farm. At 
21 he became a printer; was admitted to the 
bar in 1833, and continued to practise until 
1848; was a member of the Me. legisl. from 
IS^6 to 1840; speaker in '37, '^9, and '40; 
M.C. in 1843-7 ; State representative in 1847 ; 
U.S. senator from 1848 to lS.i7, and gov, of 
Me from Jan. 7 until his lesijination, Feb. 20, 
IS.i", havin<r been re-elected to the U,S. senate; 
vice-pies 1861-5; coll. of customs tor the port 
of Boston 186.i-9 ; U.S. senator since 18G9. 

Hamline, Leonid.vs Lest, D.D , M. Ep. 
bishop 1844-.52; b. Burlington, Ct., 10 .Mav, 
1797; d. Mt. Pleasant, Iowa, 23 Mar. 1865. 
Of Hnguenot descent. His father, Mark, was 
a farmer, and designed him for the ministry. 
He entered that of the M. E. Church in 1828, 
officiating in Ohio ; and was co-editor of the 
U'lslern Christian Advocate, and editor of the 
L/tilies' Repositorij 8 years. He devote<l his 
Rinple fortune to the interests of his church, 
giving in one month 360,000 to two colleges. 

Hammond, Charles, lawver and jour- 
nalist, 1). Baltimore Co., Md., Sept. 1779; d. 
Cincinnati, 3 Apr. 1840. His father moved 
to Ohio Co., Va., in 1785. He worked on a 
farm, but studied law ; was admitted to the 
bar in 1 801, and opened an office in Wellshurg ; 
frequently contributed political articles to the 
newspapers. He first obtained notice by a 
series of aide articles in the Scioto Gazette in 
defence of (5ov. St. Clair. He was a resident 
of Belmont Co., O., in 1813; pub. the Ohio 
l'f<kralifl at St. Clairsville from Aug. 1813 to 
1817; and from 1825 to his death was editor 
of the Ciiidnuati Gazette ; member (_)hio legisl. 
1816-18 anil 1820 ; removed to Cincinnati 
in 1822; reporter Ohio Sup. Court 1823-38, 
and pub. its Reports 1821-39 in 9 vols. 8vo 
(18.3.3—40). He was an earnest advocate of a 
system of internal improvements, and of a 
thorough common school system. A specimen 
of his verse is in " Poets and Poetrv of the 
West." 

Hammond, 'rABEzD., LL.D. (Ham. Coll. 
1845), atitliur and politician, b. N. Uedfnrd, 
Ms., Aug. 2, 1778; d. Cherry Valley, N.Y., 
Aug. 18, 1855. With a limited education, he 
taught school at 15; studied and practised 
mclicinc in Heading, Vt., in 1799 ; and in 1805 
settled as a lawyer in Cherry Valley. M.C. 
1815-17; Stale senator 1817-21; practised in 
Albany in 1822-.30 ; commiss. to settle the 
claims of N.Y. on the Gen. Govt, in 1825-6; 
visited Europe in 1831; ree-slablishcd himself 
at Cherry Valley on his return ; chosen county 
judge in 1838. He pub. "Political History 
of N.Y.," 2 vols. 8vo; "Jalius Mclbourn," 



1851; and "Life and Times of Silas AViight." 
Though a Deinoc, he sustained J. Q. Adam» 
for the prcsiilency. 

Hammond, James Hamilton-, politi- 
cian, b. Newbiirv tUst., S.C., Nov. 15. 1807 ; d. 
Beach's Isl.ind," S. C, Nov 13, 1864. S. C. 
College 1825. His father Elisha, a native of 
Ms , grad. at Dartm. Coll. in 1802, and became 
prof, of languages, and afterward pres. in that 
of S.C. James practised law from 1S28 
to 18.30, and edited the Southern Times, wbu-h 
maintained the doctrine of State rights, and ad- 
vocated the tariff nullification. Becoming a 
member of the gov.'s staff, he aided in organiz- 
ing the force which S.C. raised in 1833 to re- 
sist the Federal Govt.; M.C. 1835-7; ajip. 
gen. of militia 1841 ; gov. of S.C. 1842-4; 
and U.S. senator 1857-61. In a speech in the 
U.S. senate in March, 1858, he spoke contempt- 
uously of the laboring-classes of the coimtry. 
Sept. 15, 1858, in an elaborate speech at Co- 
lumbia on public affairs, he abandoned extreme 
nullification opinions, and opposed re-ojiening 
the slave-trade. On the secession of S.C, he 
left the senate, and quietly superintended his 
large estates. His letters to Clarkson and 
others on slavery, with other essays on the 
same subject, were pub. at Charleston in 1853, 
and entitled " The Proslavery Argument." He 
also pub. several discourses on agriculture, 
manufactures, railroads, banks, and literary 
topics; and wrote an elaborate revieiv of the 
life, character, and pnhlic services of Calhoun. 
Pres. of S.C. Coll. 1861. 

Hammond, Le Rov, a Revol. officer, b. 
Uichrnond C:>., Va., ab. 1740; died ab. 1800. 
In 1765 he removed to Ga., and thence to SC, 
where he became a tobacco-merchant. He 
took up arras against the loyalists early in the 
war, acting as a col. ; engaged in the famous 
"Snowcampaign,"and in the campaign of 1776 
against the Cherokees, in which he was especial- 
ly disting. He was afterward often employed, 
both by Cong, and the State of S.C, as Indian 
agent. In 1779 he took the field with his regt. ; 
was conspicuous in the battle of Stono Ferry : 
and, after the fall of Charleston, adopted, like 
JIarion and others, a desultory warfare, an 1 
was constantly engaged with the loyalists, Brit- 
ish, and Indians; in 1780 he ojHjrated in con- 
cert with Col. Clarke of-Ga. ; in 1781 was at 
the siege of Augusta ; thence he proceeded 
to that of Ninety-six, under Greene, after 
whose failure he served with his regt. under 
Pickens. After the battle of Eutaw, he was 
active in guerilla warfare. Col. Hammond ac- 
quired high reputation as a partisan leader 

Hammond, Samuel, Revol. officer, b. 
I!i( bmond Co., Va., Sept. 21, 1757; d. near 
Augusta, Ga, Sept. 11, 1842. He received a 
good education ; served with distinction in the 
battle of Kenawha and in that of Loul' Brid;;e ; 
raised a company in 1779, and. Joining Gen. 
Lincoln, was in the battle of Stono. He wis 
assi,-t. quarterm at the siege of Savannah ; and 
after the fall of Charleston, in May, 1780, k"pt 
the field with a small cav. force, keeping up an 
active partisan warfare. He was in the actions 
of Cedar Springs, Musgrove's Mills. Ramsay's 
Mills, King's Mountain, Guilford, Blacksiuiks 
(where he had 3 horses shot under him), the 



HAM 



404 



liA-N- 



Cow|icn9, anil was wounded nt the sie;:e of Aii- 
gii-la und al Kutaw Springs. Sept. 17, 1781, 
he was made col. of cav., and .•iorved under 
Greene (ill the end of the war. He then niuve<l 
to Cia.. where he was suncjor-gen ; leil a vol. 
eorp* in the Creek Country in 179.T; M. C. 
I8a')-5; and from 1805 to 1824 was eivi! and 
milit. com. of U|i|)er Ln. ; retnrninR to S.C. 
in 1824, he was a menilier of the le;;isl. ; was 
app. survevor-^jen. in 1827, anil in 18-31 sec. 
ol state. 

Hammond, William A., M.O., jnrgeon, 
h Annapolis, .Md., 28 Aug. 1828. M.l). of 
U. of N. V. 1848. A-ssist. surgeon U. S. A. 
June, 1849-18GU; app. prof, of anatoinv and 

thvsiol. U. of .\Id. Oil. 1860; assist, surgeon 
'.'S. A. 28 Mav, 1861 ; snrgeoii.;:en. April, 
1802-Aug. 1864. Among his piililieiilions arc 
" .Military Hygiene," 186.-! ; " Sleep and its I)e- 
raiiL'cineiiis," 1869; and " Venereal Diseii'H's." 
Hamond, Sir Andrew Ss.kpk, a Brit- 
ish mival olHier. I.. Biaeklieath, Uee. 17, 17.38 ; 
d. near Lynn. Ni.ifidk. Oel. 12, 1828. He en- 
tered the navy in 17.')'t; served under L<»rd 
Howe, ami licnime a post-eapiain in 1770; nt 
the comnieneeinent of the Kevol. war he joined 
" The Hoebui'k," 44; was present at ihc reduc- 
tion of N. Y. ; destroyed " The Uelaware," (reb- 
ate, with other vessels engaged in nhslrucling 
the Del. Kiver; was in the unsuccessful attaik 
on Mud Island. Oct. 1777; in that which proveil 
successful in Nov.; and at the close of 1778 
received the honor ol knighthood for his " very 
disiing. conduct." He acted as capt. <f the 
flwl at the reduction of Charleston, S.C, in 
1780; and late in the year was app. lieut.-gov. 
and com.-iuH'hief of Nova Scotia. He re- 
turned to Eng. in 1783, and was made a har- 
onet ; and was in 1794 a comptroller in the 
navv, retiring in 1806 wiih a pension. 

fiampton, Wadk, maj-gen. U. S. A., h. 
S.t-' 1754; d. Columhia, S.C, Feh. 4, 1835. 
During the Kevol. war he disiing. himself as a 
partisan under .Marion and Sumter ; was M.C. 
in 1795-7 and 1803-5; app. col. U.S.A. in 
Oct 1808; lirig.-gen. Keb. 1 809 ; and inaj.-gen. 
March 2, 1813; resigned April 6, 1814. Sta- 
tioned in 1809 at N. Orleans, he was almost 
constantly quarrelling with his snliordinates, 
and was, in consequence, superseded hy Wilkin- 
son in 1812. During ihewnrof 1812, hccom. 
a force on the northern frontier, with which, 
Oct. 26, 1813, he atbicked (ien. I'revost , com. 
a muih inferior forte at Chaieaiiguay, and 
was rcpul-ed. The attempt on Montreal was 
frustrated hy Hampton's unwillingness to co- 
operate with Wilkinson, with whom he had 
long Ix'en at enmity. He owned 3,000 slaves, 
and had amassed a large fortune. His sun. 
Col. Wade, app liiui. of drags. 1813, acting 
insp.-gen and aide-dc eninp of Jackson at N. 
Orliaiis. .Ian, isl.i. d. at a plantation on the 
Mpi^ Ki-I.. 10, l.«.'>8 

Hampton, Gkn. Wade, soldier and poli- 
tician. 1.. Colnmliia. S.C, 1818. S.C Coll. 
Grandson of ihe precetling. He had served 
in l>oth hranches of the State legisl. He com. 
a regt. known as the Hampton Legion in the 
first hattle of Bull Hun, where he was wound- 
ed ; was promoted to hrig.-gen. ; fought in the 
IVuinsular campaign, and nas again wounded 



at Seven Pines ; was in the army which invad 
cd MU under Gen. Lee in Aug. 1862; fought 
at Antieiam ; was in the com. of Stuart when 
Md. and I'a. were inva'hil hy him in Oct. 
Severely wounled at (ietiyslmrg ; ofterward 
made lieiit.-gen.; anil com. ihe rav.ilry of Lee's 
army in Va. in the siimiiierof 1864 ; nt Boyd- 
ton I'lank Itoad. 27 Oct. l.«64, attacked iho 
Union torees in the rear, and aflerward served 
in S.C His hro.. Col. Frank Hajijton, 
suceeeded to the coin, of the Ix-gion, and was 
killed in May, I "M. 

Hamtramck, John Fn»Ncin, col. U..s. 

A., I). Canada, 1757; d. Detroit, Apr. 1 1 , 1803. 
A capt. in Dubois's N.Y. regt. in the Hevol. 
war ; maj. of inf. S»-pt. 29, 1 7H9 ; lieut.-c<d. 
com. 1st suh legion, Feb. 18, 1793; com. the 
left wing under Gen. Wayne, nnil disiing. in 
his victory on the Miami, Aug. 20, 1794 ; col. 
Apr. 1, 1802. He was an exemplary discipli- 
narian. Jons F.. son of the aiM>ve, h. Fort 
Wavne, Ind., 1797, d. .Shepherdstown, Va., 
Apr". 21,1858. West Foint, ISI9. He served 
with Taylor then a ca|)t. on the Indian fron- 
tier; was U.S. Indian agent for Osage irilio 
1826-31 ; col. 1st Va. regt. in Me^ican war; 
com. a brigade in 1 847 ; mayor of Shepherds- 
town 18.50-4; and justice of Jeff. Co. Court 
18.5.'l-8. 

Hancock, Jons, minister of Braintree 
from Nov. •>. 172S, to his death, Mav 7, 1744 ; 
b. Lexington, M-., June I, 1702. if.U 1719. 
(Son of Rev. John, minister of Lexington 
from Nov. 2, 1698, to his death, Dec. 6, 1752.) 
He pub. a century discourse, Sept. 16, 1739, 
and siinie sermons. Father of Gov. John. 

Hancock, John, Hevol. patriot, b. Quin- 
cy, .Ms., 12 Jan. 1737; d. there 8 Oct. 1793. 
A. M. of H. V. 17.54 ; LL.D. 1792. Son of 
Rev. John of Braintree, after whose death he 
was educated by his uncle Thomas, a wealthy 
merchant of Boston, in whose counting. room 
he was placed ; and at his death (.\iig. 1. 1764) 
inherited his large fortune and extensive busi- 
ness. Visiting Eng. in I 760. he witnessed the 
coronation of George III. The si'iinre of his 
sloop " Liberty " in 1768, for evading the lows 
of trade, occasioned a riot ; several officers of 
theeusioms narrowly escaping with their lives. 
Mcmlier of the Hrov. legisl. from 1766, he 
warmly opposed the measures of the British 
ministry, and. togetlier with Samuel Adams, 
was exempted from pardon in (iov. Gage's 
proclamation, 12 June, 1775. He delivered 
the oration, 5 .Mar. 1774, commemorating ihc 
Boston Massacre, fearlcsslv and powerfully 
reprobating the conduct of" the soliliery, ex- 
ci'cding in its eloquence the ex|M¥tations of 
everyone; and gave additional umbragcto the 
gov. hy declining the app. of eoiincillor. Cho- 
sen pres. of the I'rov. long, in Oct. 1774, ho 
was sent to the Gen. Cong, at Phila. in 1775, 
of which boily he was pres. 24 .May, 1 775-Oct. 
1777, being the first lo »ii;ii the Declantion of 
Independence. I'res. of the Ms. Coin, nf Safety 
in 1774-5. He possessed a fine address and 
great impartiality, and by his cxj>erienre in 
public business made a good pn'siding officer. 
Feb. 6, 1778, he was app. first maj-gen. of the 
Ms. militia; and in Aug. took part in Sullivan's 
exped against R. I. Mctuber of (he Stata 



i3:a.:n- 



405 



HAJR 



Const. Conv. of 17S0 ; j;ov. of Ms. from 1780 
to 1785. and from 1737 to his death. Pres. of 
the conv. which adopted the Feder.il Constitu- 
tion, lie gave £300 towards furnishing a new 
liljrary and philos. apparatus when Harvard 
Ilall was hmned in 1764. In 1775 he m. 
Dorothy, cousin of Josiah Quiney the patriot. 

Hadcock, Winfield Scott, maj.-gen 
U.S.A.. b. Monigomery Co., I'a., Feb. u', 1824. 
West Point, 1844. Entering the 6th Inf., he 
was brev. 1st lieut. for gond conduct at Churu- 
hu-co, leaving Mexico quartermaster of his 
regt. 7 Nov. 1855, he was app. capt. in tlie 
quirterm. dept., and ordered to Florida during 
tlie campaign against tlie Seminolcs. Sept. 
2.3, 1861, he was made brig.-gen. ; served un- 
der Gen. Franlclin during the Peninsular cam- 
paign ; dialing, himself especially by a bayo- 
net charge at the battle of Williamsburg. He 
disting. iiiinself at South Mountain and Antic- 
tam ; and on the fall of Gen. Richardson was 
placed in com. of his division of Sumner's 
army-corps, which he led in the battles of 
Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. June 
29, 1863, he received the com, of the 2d army 
corps ; and in the battle of Gettysburg, Pa., 
July 3, was severely wounded. Maj.-gen. vols. 
Nov 29, 1862; com. 2d corps Army of the Po- 
tomac in battles of the Wilderness, Spottsyl- 
vaiiia. North Anna, Tolopotomy. Cold Har- 
bor, operations around Petersburg ; com. in 
battles of I)c?|) Bottom, Rcains's Station, and 
B'lvdton Plank Road, and engaged in siege of 
Pelcrslnirg ; com. middle dept. 186.5-6; dept. 
of Mo. 1866-8; brig -gen. U. S. A. 12 Aug. 
1864; brev. maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865 for battle 
of -ipottsvlv.ania; and maj.-gen. U.S.A. 26 July, 
l<(i(\. — 'Ciilliim. 

Sand, Edwabd, brig.-gen., b. CIvdulf, 
King's Co., Ireland, Dec. 31, 1744; d. Rock- 
f.ird, Lancaster Co., Pa., Sept. 3, 1802. In 
Oct. 1774 he accomp. the 18th (Royal Irish) 
re_;t. to Ainer. as surgeon's mate ; resigned this 
pint on his arrival ; settled in Pa. for the prac- 
tice of his profession ; and at the outset of the 
Hevol. joined Thompson's rifle regt. as lieut.-. 
col., and served at the siege of Boston. March 
1, I77(), lie was promoteil to be col , and led his 
regt. in the battle of L. I. and at Trenton ; 
app. brig.-gen. Apr. 1, 1777, he succeeded Gen. 
Stark in the com. at All)any in Oct. 1778; and 
soon alter was engaged in Sullivan's expcd. 
against the Indians of Central N.Y. On the 
formation of the light inf corps in Aug. 
1780, the com. of one of the two brigades of 
which it was com|)Oscd was assigned to Gen. 
Hand. Near the close of the year he succeeded 
Scarnmell as ailj.-gen. After the war he held 
offices of civil trust; member of Old Congress 
1784-5; an<l his name is affixed to the Pa. con- 
stitution of 1790. In 1798, when Washington 
acceprc<l the com. of the army raised in anii- 
cipatioii of a war with France, he recommended 
ilii' app of Hand as adjt.-gen lie was re- 
marked in iheanny for his noble horsemanship. 

Handley, Gkohgk, gov. Ga 1788, b. near 
.'^hetlicl.l, lOng., Fe!i.9,1752 ; d. Rae's Hall, Ga., 
Sept. 17, 1793. He arrived in Savannah in 
May, 1775; and in 1776 joined the Ga. Cont. 
Bat. as capt., and rose to be licut.-rol. During 
the whole war he was actively engaged in S.C. 



and Ga. ; captured at Augusta, he was sent to 
Charleston as a prisoner of war. He was 
sheriff of Richmond Co. ; rejieatedly a member 
of thelegisl.; insp.-gen. 1787; and also com- 
miss. to the state of Franklin ; coll. of the port 
of Brunswick from Aug. 1 789 till his death. — 
Ga. Colls. 21S. 

Hanger, George, Lord Coleraine, noted 
for eccentricity, b. 1750; d. Lond. March 31, 
1824. Younger son of a noble family, he wis 
educated for the army, and served ihrongli the 
American war, attaining the rank of major in 
Tarleton's famous legion. In a fight with M:ij. 
Davie's dragoons at Charlotte, Sept. 25, 17S0, 
his corps was roughly handled, and himself 
wouniled. His reputation in America was that 
of a sensualist. He pub. in 1789 a reply to 
Mackenzie's " Strictures on Tarleton's History 
of the Campaignsof 1780and 1781," 8vo. He 
was a boon-companion of George IV. ; and, on 
succeeding to his title in 1814, refused to as- 
sume it. He pub. his " Life, Adventures, and 
Opinions " in 1801, with a portrait of himself 
hanging by the neck. 

Hannegan, Edward A., lawyer and sen- 
ator, b. Ohio ; d. St. Louis, Mo., Feb. 23, 1859. 
He received a good eilucation ; studied law, 
and was adni. to the bar in his 23d year, 
settling in Iml. He was frequently a member 
of the Slate legisl.; M.C. 183.3-7; tf.S. senator 
in 1843-9; minister to Prussia in 1849-53. 
While under the influence of liquor, he killed 
his bro. -in-law, Capi. Duncan, in 1852. 

Hanson, Ai.ex.vsdbr Contee, lawyer 
and politician; d. Belmont, April 23, 1819, 
a. .33. Graodson of John, and son of Alox. F. 
(15 years chancellor of Md. ; sec. in Washing- 
ton's niilit. family in the Revol. war ; d. Annap- 
olis, Jan. 1806). He edited at Baltimore the 
Federal Republican, bitterly opposing the ad- 
ministration, and in 1812 pub. an article which 
so irritated the jjopulace, that his printing-of- 
fice was destroyed. The attempt to re-issue the 
paper next day brought on another attack. 
Mr. Hanson and his friends were, for security, 
placed by the civil authorities in jail, which 
was also attacked : he and others left by the 
mob were supposed to be dead, and his friends. 
Gens. Lingan and Lee, Wk.'re wounded. M.C. 
1813-16; U.S. senator 1816-19. A person of 
this name pub. Laws of Maryland (176.5-84) 
fol. Annap. 1787. Report Case Bapt. Irvine, 
Bait. 8vo, 1803. 

Hanson, John, delegate to the Old Con- 
gress 1781-3, and iti pres. 1781-2, b. Md. ; d. 
Prince Geoige Co., Md., Nov. 13, 1783. 

Hanson, Roger, of ICy., brig.-gen. C.S. A. ; 
killed at the battle of Stone River 31 Dec. 
1862. 

Haraden, Jonathan, a naval officer of 
ihe Revol., b. Gloucester, Ms., 1745 ; d. Salem, 
Nov. 26, 1803. He was at first employed by 
Mr. Cabot of Salem, but, on the breaking-out 
of the war, joincil "The Tyrannicide" of 14 
guns as Ut lieut. He soon became capt., and took 
com. of " The Pickering," in which he made 
miny captures. In the Bay of Bisc.iy, he cap- 
tured in the night a Briti-h privateer of 22 guns 
and 60 men. He soon after beat off " The 
Achilles, "a London piivateer of 42 guns and rto 
men, after a severe battle. On one occasion, he 



HAR 



40o 



ILAJl 



nimc 11). ivith 3 armed x^Mh, which fornieJ in 
in.-, - .1 ,lo.,p or 1 2. a hrifc' of H. .,i.,l ,, ,hi|. ol 
16 Kun.. He caniure.1 them one alter iheoiher 
«itheu.e, Offtheeapea u( Del, he fell in with 
on l-.n;:l..s|| hri^M,f.w.,r of e,|.i«l force, ivhieh 
striiek to hiin Hlino!ii iinniei|iu:elv. lie is s liJ 
to have t..ken 1,0)H) e..nii.,ii Iroiii the Eiiirlish 
during' the w.ir. Ton„r,l its close, he, «-ith hid 
priies «,,< captnri-.l hy Ko.ltiev ut St. F.usta- 
lia II,- afierHanl cm. " The Julius Cicsar." 
. — Uwl .< M. rliilltSi. 

,,^fr«?^«3h. llKMir, D.I). (Un. Toll. 
I«00), ,lu.,,e ,,n.l nnihor, h. near Wavnes- 
bor.,»„-l,, I'u., Oct. 23. 1817; d. Mercer,buP' 
la Dee. OS. ,867. Uis u.eat-«nu,df ,.herc«m"o 
t. .. n S .. itwrland «h. 1 7.-i6. lie worked on hii 
r.lhers ..rin until 19, when he went to the 
"e-st, where he worked at the tra.le of a . ar- 
peuter. lie tHuj,'ht school winicr-i. and attended 
aiiacad in thcsumiiier; and in 1S40 cniered 
Marshall Coll. at Mert-ersbur^r i.„ \il ^ 
came a zealous supporter of what is now known 
[IS the ^.Mer,-er.|.ur« I'hilosophv," ori;;inated 
l» Dr. Nevin In 184:1 he was oni. pastor of 
the Uernian Uef Church in U-wishirir Pa- 
in April, 1850, was called to the First' (ier-' 

man liel Churrh in I caster; and in 1860 

o St. .Johns Churjh, U-banon, I'a. Jan I, 
18fi4, he was made prof, of theol. in the 
sen. at Mercersh„r«. He pub. •' llearen, or 



an I-.aniest and Scriptural Inquiry into the 
of the Sainted Dead," 1848; "The 



u.. .!...■ .o^'™''''.Vl!,'''!' '^^.'i " Th'^ Ueavenlv 



Isl-^ —T. n'- .^r'"," '^"'' ''"^ Church,- 
\f« ' l.'.'",'^","^-' "^ ''"^ Bible." 1 854 : •• Life 
of Rev. .Michael Schlatter." I8J7; - The Fa 
thers ot the Ucrman Kef. Phunh in Europe 
arid Aiiierica.' 3 vols.. 1857-8; "The True 
Oloi-.v o Uoiium;" and the "Plea for the 
Lord s I ortion of a Christian's Wealth, in Life 
\l^ •• T. "r ". ''>'^^V'I'-' '858; " Poen.s," 
I860; 1 he Golden Censer." I86i) ; " llvmns 
o"v "^Hra'S '»«■ ; ■■Cl.riMolojfical Tlie,!;! 
o<i\, 1864. lie edited the M,„e,slni,n /{m,,p 
the vear l«-forc his death, aUo contributing the 
lives of (.erinanRelonu.d ministers to the 
TJK-ol. Cv.-lo|>ffid.a of Dr. M-Clinto«k. His 
rK),-.n called " Das Alt Schulbaus on Der 
„/.',•„ ""'""="■1" '° P'fsene the vernacular 
ot the la. Germans, enjoyed a widepopularitv. 
Front .Ian. 18.;0 he clited the tLLia,,-^ 
tnomhiy majnizme. 

Harby, Isaac, man of letters, b. Charlcs- 
;<;-.. .S.r. 1788; d. Xew York. No'v. U ^828. 
lie was the (.'laiidson of a lapidary of the Em- 
IK-ror of Morocco, who fled to En;;-, and whose 
6on emi«raied to S C. After studvin;; law. he 
iau::hi a s<-h,.ol on Edi.to Island; ind at differ- 
ent tmu-s edited the Q..,r.r. l,nrsU,,Vor, South- 
VI r-tT I °''""'' •"^^"•»P"|'^-'-». and iM-oanie 

fa r.bl.v known as an essayist and dra.naiic 
cr. tu le was the author „f .several orations. 
°'ri°,f* 'v- '"."'"''''' •Ale.xander Severus," 
I he (.ordian Knot or Caus-s and Effl-cts " 
(180, ,«nd "AllK-ri.," 1819. In 1828 he re- 
liM.ve.1 to .N.Y .. where he cnmri'. to the F.,-rm„n 
I 0^1 and to ncri.Hlieals. A ►election from his 
rn',.'""'w.m' ' ;'. ^^""r'Y- «"» pub. at Charles- 

Harcourt, Uilliam, Karl, a British u-en 
b. Much 20, 1743; d. June 18, 1830. He en' 



teri-d the army in 17S9. and .strred in Ainer 
jvlie.*, in 1779 he «a, m.ule ™l. of the^o't 
Urajjoons, at the head of which he d.stiii;;. hi,,,, 
fell in several actions, ami, with u patrol of 30 
men, took prisoner Gen. Charles Lee. Thii 
bnlliaiit exploit pro.ur«l Col. Harcourt tb« 

.'.^'l'-,o"^■"''■■■''^'■^■""''' '" '•" •"">?■ Ma" 
pen. 1,82; lieut..,n.-u. 179.1; com. ol "he Bril 
or.-e.,,n Holland 1794; «en. 1798; in im 
suececled to his ittle, and Io.,k hi, s<at in the 

TTo^'V*^"^" «r "'"' '^"^'""'^ " •i^'Jniarshal. 

Hardee, William J.. licuL-Ken. C'.S.A. b 

Suvariiiah, Gu., ab. 1818. West Point. 1838 

Dec. 1839; capt. 13 Sept. 1844; m.ij. 3 Mar. 
I8..5, I.eut <oI. 1st Cav. 23 J„„. /gco ; rvs. 

dellin, .Me.x., 25 .March; and lieut.-i-ol for San 

Moiir'Tl'lf ^"r "^■»'-'""'di»tinj;..l»oiu 
-Mohno del Key Com. of cadets and iiistr. in 
acticsat West Point. July, 1856-8 Sept. I860. 
In Ji.ne, 1861. he was apn. b ig .gen. Confi-d. 
army ; com. some time in Northern Ark ; com. 
n, SLirh"'/!"' I'"'™""-''' 'n-'j-K^-n. for bmverv 
atShiloh. 6Apr. 1862; com. a division of Polk's 
corps. BU.I promoted to lieut. (jen for services 
at lerryvdle, 8-9 Oct. 1862; com. the 3d 
corps at Stoiic Kiver, Dee. 29, 1862-3 Jan. 
18C.i Alter C hickamuu-a, Ccu. Ilard.-e. who 
com. the sc-ond corps, ri-ort'anizcd the Confed. 
army, and ihrealeiied Chaiianoo-a He com 
tlien^iht at the defeat o. .M,,,slo.,. Kid^-e in Nov! 
8M, and suc«-ede.i Bra^g in the chief com. 
until relieved by Joe Johnston, under whom 
he served until the fall of Atlanta. He com 
at .Savannah and at Cha,li-ston at the time of 
iheircapture by Gen. Sherman. whom Ik- fou-ht 
at A.ciyslHjrou-h and Bcntouville. X C and 
to whom he snrn-,„lere.l wi,h Johnstons a'rmv, 
-. Apr. iso.K HeiiredtohisplaniationinAr«. 

Hardenbergh, Jac.uls Kltskv d D 

cler;:y„,.an ; d. X. Brunswick. X.J., ( Ic. 30,1 796' 
L 1- ^^i ^f:i--0. His early eduction 
was limited; but pi-rseverun.-c enabk-d him 
to acipiiiv extensive learnin-. <Ji,| !,»• ,h,i 
puny in the Dutch Chimh dcn..minat"ed the 
J a;tus ; was a zealous pn-ucher, and, wiih Dr 
Livm--io,i,excrti-d himself su,viM*sfullv in ui.ii- 
lyi; the Dutch churches in 1772. l)ii,in« the 
Iteiol. he was a hrni patriot ; and at it . do* 
while minister of the D.K. churrh in X. Bruns^ 
wick, was made pres. of Queens Colle-'. XJ - 
>yliich post h- filled .ill h.s death, at t'he s..me 
ti.iie d.schargi.ig his jiastoral relaiion. 

Hardie, Jamks. tea. her. a graduate of 
\ V li'l n.- '^'^■'■i•<•" ; 'lid of cholera, 
Marm,! . ^."«'^"'f^"'- Coll. 1787-90. 1.1 
JUr 1814 he is.sucd a prOs,K-,-tus of « ma-, 
of w Inch he was proprietor and editor. He had 
tH-.n an inmate 01 Dr.Beattiesla.uilv.at wIiom; 
sug-.-esiioM he came to N.V. He 'tinallv ob- 
tamed a l.velih.»d as a su|*rnu...emrv of the 
Board of Health, but d..-.l ii. ^.-rcat iirdi;:en.-e. 
lie pub. "( urilnii OJ'.Kjui,,.- 2d ed X V 
l2mo. 1805; "Epistolary Gui.le " for 'the usi 
?iw".".'l''' '8';; ■•Free.na.son'. Monitor," 
1818, Acc.of.Mnl.a:naniKevcrinX.Y. "17<t9- 

ISI8; Dictionary of Wonders of Art and 
.\uiurc, es[K-cially those in America," l2mo 
• 819; •• Account of the Yellow Fever in X Y 



H^VR 



407 



HLAR. 



• lao.j ••«-<• IS''- "Description of tbe City 
u" N "'.•• tiin! Ii^7 ; " Bioglapl.ical Uic.ion- 

xAl'- ■..". served on M.Clellun's staff < ..rm^' 
ll k," ul-,r and Md. can.,,ai,ns ; on . .a- o 
n.M.!.,i,l^ in (lie Frederiek»bur); campaign , as- 

«ml vr-eu 2+ Mar. ISO* ; biev. bng. and 
and n<>\'-^}-»- ^^ , ,^^5 f^^ services in 

H^-din, Col. Jou.n, b. Fauqu.er Co , Va 
( ),T'?^1 ;^i • d. 1 7'J2. He e.,rly became an ex- 

o-,n's n lie corps ntbc Hevol.; settkil in u a i 
g.m»ri.cLuiH . ,.gg lie com. a deuieb- 

-:^:;K}.':i;iii:;aV.;derGe.Ha.naracM^ 

tar S^ineetown, O., for bis hor=e and equip- 
ments, "l.ieii were very tine. 

FS^k;!:is.o'ri:it."Milj^uieof 

tiaiil^lou, n.1 , ' J Transvlv. 

^""so,::^MSM:uHa;din:' Practised-law 

^lii^'i at Transvlv. Acad.; st„d.edl^. 
,^era.yearsam.nerc^tbe^I-.U.^;-.^- 
of state in 1812, » '"•y- ""' '" . U S. senator 
;:^;t;V:^1^,rL:of^iesJnKy court 
„. Anneals l8ur.-8, Fiankfort, 8vo, I8l0. 

H^tog, CiESTtK, poniait-painter, h. 

Haiamg, d. Boston, Apr. 1, 

^r-H^llinn"; -who we;e poor, removcd^o 

f,- pursuits III Caledoiw, '7' •"'.,,, •, ., .^ 
and si'ii painting at Pittsburg. « b i c 1 1; =, 
^ , „„i:.d he sat tbr his portrait to a Mr. >el- 

t:1i:V:» K;. wl re he painJed 100 portraits in 

'f-BSt^li'^n^t^iu-r^ng^^: 

1;?' °k-.nained3yearsabro.ul;next^ 

,,ndalter,van^^.v--nN''^i;„ Monroe, 
•"', T'n° Admins job-Marshall, Charles Car- 
":,'^''N^n. Wirt, Clay, Webster, Calhouu, 



Washington AUston. I^''^i1,Kf'^"°.\?Xm 
Ro-ers, Lord Aberdeen, the nukes o >ortolk 
Hamilton, and Sussex, and Daniel Boone ; at 
|,c time Jf his death he was engaged upon a 
lik..f;e!.s of Gen. Slierman. _He lett a Mb. en- 
litli'd '■ Mv Egotistography. 

Hardy, sIr Ch.u.lls, a Brit, adm., gov. 

17<il Cant n N. 10 Aug. 1.41 ; gov. and 
;mMnih!ifa>N«wibmullandinl,4_4;r.J|^ 
adm of the White, and second in com. at t le 
?,t mr of Loui-burg in 1758; vice-adm. ol 
itw.l^rilawk;.-.vic,oryof BdleWe, 

7.^9- •■ov. of Gieenwich llos|,ital l';.'"^"- 
is b,o:jos..U,. an emiaent me. chant ot Lol- 
I ,. „.,.;. rnv Ol N. .)ir>ev in 1.61-3. 

Hare J l.C-ARii. j-ist, b. Pi.iia.i8 6. 

U ol P. Adm. to the bar in 1841. Judge 

?v"h'^^^.'s;o^";d^.= whitrd 

UMdii.g Cases 2 v Is. 8vo an ^^.^ 

^'^^e'^Uo^ M:D.V-C 1806 and 
, U U fsi'e) chcmiis;, b. Phila. Jan. 17 1781 ; 
, I VI,,. 11 1S58 U ot Pa, where ho 

n,.,n-iad the extensive brewery ot his latliu , 
b" his tastes led him to seientith-purs.,,.^^ 
18U2heinventcdthecoinpoundo .X)h 0^^^^^^^ 
blow-nine, for wbieli be received be Uuinloid 
Me .d ro'ni the Amer. Acad, at Boston, i^ 
Mihsequent achievements m the tus.ng ot U 
.s and kindred successful experiments. g.tve 

i„ a high rank in ^•l>^'""<=tl^'='^'"='=-. .^V '"" 
lib. to tiie materia "-•^■-\h•^F-«es, o dui. r_ 
coti/iii" laudanum, and to tox e dogv In, mem 
ml of de ectin.' minnle quaniiiies ot opium la 
::^,:;i;.rai^oni.eofins,ri,ctionwas marked 

by originality and -^-''^''-^'^ " ' ' .^ , ' Vck 
„[ost n^'seful of his invention.s » « ;'';«^^^:^,^; 
or gallows screw, by means ot "■'";' r":7"^'^'(. 

^:;;;uS";r:^r,nsVft..v.Uaie^pil. 
In 1 Rl 6 he invented the calorimeter, w itli w men 

alismate« ve..rs etort ^^^^ 



''"CbKhHi;^:; lie also pnb^ 
""Biie"'or^ie Policy and Uevennes ot 
•he US.'' 1811 ; "Chemical Am,ar.,tus and 
Manipulations," 1836; "»->■'« t. ^f/'^^eri- 

!^:s=li5::nro7;;^^:i^tMJ^i^!;:^ 

?• , "&c 8v<" 1856; besides moral essays in 
r;d'7t»tdsJ:e:fo.thePhilos.Soc., 

S>^?^o. b,N. J., Dec. y 837; killed^ 

lr"T'V;5S H:'e:e,.:^X2d'luf!,^nlbecame 
;';;' 15ti, 1 Mav 14, IHGl ; cap.. Oct. 

^.^Bueirfirm; of U.C Oh'io, he participated 



H-AJt 




Harlan, .Jamts, suucsman. I). Clarke Co 
tH^-H.nc a Lnvvor ; w.,s m.,„. of j-uWie in^rruc 
186- r-l H"Y *■'"""'■ *" '855-Ci ;,n,| 



H ptin. , . ■ "" «-'.'"'^"""' Of rctnrninj; ro their 



livore.1 lectiir™ ..n that »ek-nce. I„ 18-^5 d; nf /^ Bntish siil..oquonilv hil.l iK>,<«siun 
^?"i.'V-l:"- ^^•-' '".«J"- '"6; was its lii r _iJ?iI';,'l ",'"'«."■'"' '••'''"■■«' Loui,ri|l, 




-4- ■/••''■<*«/.;."-•, .1/,,,: 

Harnett, i„„xl,.,,,, „ ^ , 

n. 1,11;.'. A or. io ir-)i. ,1 w-i |"imor, 

A,r .0. ,?8kM:^,- ^:i rSt^ii 



t" L.S.V.. I,, U, ,798 y of J.,hn \I 



W^.m.„',o„, where he owne.l a larv-X uKhI 5 IMr TT'"''^^ "^"'••*-"'-2'" ""'-- Aor 
e.ta.«; «ud was among the fir,t in N c! .„ wn. h?!'..™'/.:!""'' ?"• '*^«- '" 'h^- Kl-ri! 



■n N.C. .0 war he w„, d^un,.. i,. „aio„ a. Fort iuUon. 



HAR 



409 



SJLR 



ami in defence of a trading-house at Carloosa- 
liatehie, July 23, 1839 ; com. an expod. into 
the Everglades in Dee. 1840; and in 1841 was 
lirev. col. " for gallant aiul meritorious conduct 
in Florida." He also di-iting. himself at Medel- 
liii, Mexico, Mar. 25, 1847, and was brev. brig.- 
gen. in 1848 for Cerro Gordo, Apr. 18, 1847. 
Kept. 3, 18.').>, he completely defeateil the Sioux 
Indians at Sand Hills on north fork of the 
Platte River. June 14, 1858, he was made 
brig.-L'en. and com. of the dept. of Oregon ; 
and July 9, 1859, took possessicm of the Island 
of San Juan, near Vancouver, which was 
claimed by the English as included within the 
boundaries of British Columbia. A dis|juto 
with Great Britain and the recall of Harney 
followed. He then com. the dept. of the West ; 
and in Apr. 1801, while on his way from St. 
Louis to Washington, was arrested at Harper's 
Ferry by the secession authorities of Va., and 
taken to Uichmond, where, however, ho was 
)iromptly released. On Ills return to St. Louis, 
he issued several proclamations, warning the 
people of Mo. of the danger of secession, and 
of the evil effects of the dissolution of the 
Union. May 21 he entered into an agreement 
withGen. SterlingPricccommandingthe State 
militia, to make no military movement so long 
as the ])eaee of the State was preseived by 
its anthorities ; and was soon after relieved of 
his com. Retired Aug. 1, 1863; brev. maj.- 
gcn. Mar. 13, 1865 ; member of the Indian 
commission in Aug. 1867. 

Harper, Jame.s, Jon.v, Joseph Wesley, 
and Fletcher, founders of the publishing- 
house of Harper and Brothers, b. Newtown, 
L.L, respectively in 1795,1797, 1801, and 1804; 
were sons of a substanlial farmer. At the 
age of 16, James and John were apprenticed to 
printers in New York; afterwards established 
themselves in business, at first performing 
the greater part of the composition and press- 
work with their own hands, and soon became 
the leading publishing-house in America. Wes- 
ley and Fletcher had been, in the mean time, 
api)renticed to their elder brothers, and in 
1825 were adm. as partners; and the style of 
the firm was changed from J. & J. Harper 
to Harper & Brothers. In 1853 their estab- 
lishment occu])icd 9 contiguous buildings, the 
whole of which were (Dec. 10) burneil to the 
ground. Tl'.o loss amounted to 81,000,000, 
u])on wdiich there was only $250,000 insur- 
ance. Their i>resent building covers about 
half an acre of groimd, extending from Cliff 
Street to Franklin Siiuare in Pearl Street. In 
1850 they commenced the publication of Ilar- 
jier's New MontlJ;/ Maf;a:ine. In 1857 they 
commenced the issue of Harper's Weekli/, an 
illustrated newsp.iper. Their catalogue of 
|)ubIieations embraces about 2,000. James, 
the senior partner, was elected mavor of N.Y. 
in 1844; d. March 27, 1869. J."W. d. Feb. 
14. 1870. 

Harper, UonEitx Goodloe, LL.D., sena- 
tor and hiwver, b. near Fredericksburg, Va., 
1765; d Baltimore, Jan. 15, 1825. N.J.Coll. 
1785. His parents, who were poor, emig. 
while he was young to Granville, N.C. He 
displayed in his boyhood great vivacity and 
versatility of talent, and at the age of 15 joined 



a troop of horse, with which ho participated in 
Greene's campaign, acting as <juartermaster. 
He procured admission into N J. Coll., where 
he taught the inferior classes while gaining 
instruction and distinction in the upper. He 
studied law in Charleston, S.C. Removing 
into the interior, he soon acquired political 
consideration as a writer; was the following 
year elected to the legisl. ; and in 1794-1801 
was a member of Congress. Here he sided 
with the Federalists, zealously supporting the 
policy and measures of Washington. Soon 
after the defeat of his party, he m. the dau. of 
Charles Carroll of Carrollton; resumed the 
practice of the law in Baltimore, where he soon 
became eminent in his profession. His defence 
of Judge Chase, when impeached by the house 
of. repi-esentatives, was a masterpiece. ■ Mr. 
Harper was subsequently elected by the legisl. 
of Md. to the U.S. senate (1815-16) ; and was 
made a maj.-gen. in the State militia. In 
1819-20 he with his family visited England, 
France, and Italy. After his return, and until 
his death, he employed hitnself chieHy in plans 
of a public character, such as the promotion of 
internal inqn-ovements and the colonization 
of the blacks. One of the reports of the 
Colonization Society contains a long and able 
dissertation which he wrote. A vol. of Mr. 
Harper's addresses and speeches was pub. Bal- 
timore, 1814. His pamphlet, pub. in 1797, 
entitled " Observations on the Dispute between 
the U.S. and France," acquired great celibrity. 
He also pub. an address on the Briiisli Treaty, 
1796; Letters on the Proceedings of Congress; 
Letters to his Constituents, 1801 ; Corresp. 
with Robert Walsh respecting Gernuiny ; Ad- 
dress on the Russian Victories, and on the 
Triumphs in Germany in 1814. His son, 
Charles Carroll Harper, sec. of legation 
at Paris, d. near Paris, France, June 23, 1837, 
a. 35. 11 is widoiv d. Feb. 1861. 

Harper, William, jurist, b. Island of An- 
tigua, Jan. 17, 1790; d. S.C. Oct. 10, 1847. 
S.C. Coll. 1808. He went to school in Balti- 
more ; and in 1802 moved with his father to 
Columbia, S.C, where he afterward practised 
law; moved to Mo. in 1818, and was made 
chancellor in 1819; mcmberoflhe State Const. 
Conv. in 1821. Returning to Columbia in 
1823, be was State reporter 2 years, and pub. 
a vol. of Reports. U. S. senator in 1826 ; 
afterwards a memberof the legisl., and speaker 
of the house in 1828; and chancellor of the 
State from 18.34 till his death. App. in 1831 
a judge of the Court of A])peals. He prac- 
tised law in Charleston in 1826-8. His literary 
performances were an article on Colonizatioti 
in the Southern Review, a speech in Congress 
on the " Panama Mission," a eulogy on Chan- 
cellor De Saussure, and several speeches in 
liivorof nullification, which doctrine he warmly 
espoused. 

Harriman, Walter, gov. N H. 1 867-9, b. 
Warner, N.H., ab. 1817. He was a school- 
teacher, subsequently a trader, and an active 
politician, having helil imiiortant offices in the 
gift of the Democ. party. In Aug. 1862 be be- 
came col. llth N.H. rcgt., which be led ihrongh 
the war with reputation ; see. of state of N.U. 
1S65-7. He is a popular public speaker. 



HAR 410 BLAJR 

Harrington, ("harlks Staniiope, 2d action ori>xin|;tnn nnd in the liattic of Bun 

Knrl, u linii-li ff'ti., b. ITS:); li. Uti;;liton, krr's Kill. In ihe luller hv wm avrervly 

Sept. 15, lt>'J9. In I7G9, iK'Ini; llu'n I<oril wouniled in ihv iK'iid. iiiitt in coOM^qucnra w.ii 

I'l'icrsliiim, hi- rntcrvd the Kout GiiiinN ; in in'panni-d. and wi-ni home, but rv-tumod in 

Ko'i. 1""6, H» « oHpt. in the 2'Jlh, he arrived at lime to liike the tiiM |in'vion«ly to ihe landin); 

QiielHT, and nerved in nil the oiieniiioiit of nf the army uii I,. I. in Julv, 1776 Cupt. 

Burcovnc until the »uir»'nder iit Siiralnyii ; llnrri'. wns pre.-.ent at the afl^iir of Kliitlnish ; 

was his aide at the cIom.- uI the caui|Mti);n, and In the skirmishes on the Nlauil of New York ; 

carriiHl his deipatehi-s lo Kn^. lie >ue.ei'di.Hl in the euj;a;;cmeni at While I'liiin* ; iit Iron 

to the eiirldoui in April, 1779. He allerward Hill (where he was shot lh'iiiit:li ibelc,:; but, 

served in the \V. Indies, and bceamu a gen. in notwiilisiandin;; the severity ul his wound, he 

IStVt. mounted a horse, nniL went in pursuit of the 

Harrington, Samuel Maxwell. LL..D. enemy ) ; and in every action up lo the .1d Nov. 

(I8J4), jiiri>t, b Dover, Del., Feb. S, 18t>3; d. 1778,'exivpt that uf (ienn.iniiiwn In the lat- 

Phila. Nov. 28, 1865. \Va»h. Cidl., Md., 1823. ler year he was ai'p. to a ni ijoriiy in his rcRt., 

Ilavinj; >iniliid law, he iR'eamc in 1829 >«e. of and in that rank served un ler Bri'.:..0>'n. 

state; ami in 1811, at the aae ut 28, chief Meadows at St. Lmie. In 1779 he enilmrkcd 

jn-tiee of the Supreme Court of Del. When with his n-yt. as marines, and wa^ pn'«ent in 

thi- i-ourt was inerj??d into the Superior Court, the en;;aj:enient olf (ireiiada. umler Admiral 

ho l>eeanie an a>.<i>c. jusiii'e on iis bench, con- Byron. He afterward serveil in India; and ia 

tinuin<; until 1855. when a;;ain app. chief ju.s- Feb. 1798 was made gov. of Mailras. In IK-c. 

lice; and from 18.'>7 till his. death he was 1798 he wiis place<l at the head of the army 

chancellor of the State. In 1849 he was the a>^inst Tip|Kx> Sultaun. and ciiptur<'<l .Serin;;a- 

head of the conimis. to co<lify the laws of the patam, for which service he receivi'il the thanks 

Stale, rovivin;; the thanks of the lejisl. fur of lH>ih hou>es of (Hirliament; was promoted to 

the able inaujier in which he fulKlhtl the im- the colonelcy of the 73d Foot. Feb 14. 1800; 

ponani ta-k. He pub. " Uc|H>ris of the Sup. lieul -;:en. Jan. 1 , 1801 ; p>n. Jan. 1, 1812 ; and 

Ct. ol Dilawaix'." 3 vols 8vo, Dover, I8-17-44. wa* rai^eil to the preni^'c by the title of I^ord 

Harriot, TiioMAR, an KuL'li.-h mathcmn- Harris, .\u;;. 1 1, 1815. 
tician ami a^iroiioiucr, b. Oxfonl, 1560; d. Harris, Oeokue W. ("Sul I>ivin;;ood "), 
July 21, 1621, at Sioii Oollej;i', where he re- jurist ami humori>l, b. Tenn. 18415; d near 
sidiil sevi'ral years. Kducaied at Oxfonl, Knoxville, Tenn., IK'C. 11, 1869. Author of 
where he twik the dc^n-e of B.A. in 1579; a nnm'icr of works written in a witty and hu- 
afterward became intimate in the tainily of Sir nionnis stvle. A George W. Harris pub. '• Re- 
Walter Kalei^'h. ami his tutor in mathematii-s. iwrts of tlie Supreme Court of Pa.," 1849-56, 
In 1585 he was s»'nt by him to Va. with the IMiiln. 12 vols. 

colony under Sir Richard Gn-nville; remained Harris, Ira, jurist, h. Charleston, Monl- 

aboutayear; and on bis return |>ub. as the re- troui. Co . N.Y., 31 M:iy,18()2 I'n.Coll. I:i24. 

suit of his observations. " A Brief nnd True Traies his lincnj^' to the colony of Ki ;:er Wil- 

Ke|K>rt of the New Found Land of Va.," 4to. liams. Settleil in the practice of law in Al- 

1588. He nreived a |K'nsion from the Earl bany ; nienilicr Uvisl. 1844-6; of the Const, 

of Northuiuberlaud, who received him into his Convs. of 1845 and 18i"i7 ; judce of the Su- 

family, and with whom, as well as KaleiKh, he pr\'mc Court ol N.Y. 1847-60, and US. scnn 

pas.sed much of his time while they were in the tor 18ij2-8. 

Tower. Harriot invented the pres<-iitiinprovcil Harris, IsiUJi G, uov. of Tenn 1857-62; 

method of al':vbraical calculation, tir>t made M C. 1849-.5."!. He t>Hik part in the Kehelliun, 

puMic in a |>ostliumons work pub. in 1611. after which he settled u> a merchant in Liver- 

A tract of his, entitled '• Kphemeris Chyromet- (kxiI. 

rica," s.iiil to "lie preserved in the library of Harris, Samcel, B:i|itist ininisler, called 

Sion l\illi';,i'. indicates his merit as an astrono- the " A|Misile of •Vir.iinia." b. Hanover Co. 

iner. — /i..»/. Itril. Jan. 12,1724. Rcnioviii;; to I'ittsvlvania Co., 

Harris, Ciiapin A., M. I>., h. Poni|>eT, he was col. of militia, captain of May's Fort, 

Oniiiid:i;.'a Co. N.Y., 1806. Prof, of dental and commiss. for the fort and army. He was 

9ui),'ery in Baltimore Coll., foundol by hiin- Iwiptiicd alwut 1758, anil preachisl diliirently, 

self, and chartered 18.'19. Aulhorof "Di.seases but was not oiil. until 1769 His pious xeal 

of the Maxillary Sinus," 8vo, 1842; "Charnc- caus4'<l him to be persecuted, knocked do*n, 

tcristics of the Human Teeth," 8vo, 1841 ; pullol from the stJind while pn'nehin^, and 

" Dictionary of Dental Science," 8vo, 1849, 2d dra;:j:ed by the hair. He dcvot« d much of his 

ed. cnlarL-cd. 1854; " Dental .Sur^^ery," 8vo, pr«(«eriy to charity, resi::niu)r his worldly of- 

18.39; "Fox's Di.scuses of the Teeth," 8vo, ficvs, as be as*-nl>e<l to them ilic diminution of 

1846; and N)me imnsls. from the Fren. h. his rtdijious enjoyuients. He exercised ^tvat 

Kditor of the ./<»iiniii/i>/ /Viifn/ .SiiVnce since it* (Miwcr over his bearvi-s. In 1774 the (.-vn B«-soc. 

cohimencement in \M9; contrih. to the Md. of separate UaptiMs chose Mr. Harris <?/>»»//<•, 

Jour, of Mi-il. iiiiit CMi:, .luiir. of Mril. Seiner, nnd ord. him hv the hands of everv minister ia 

iV. V "/v>,M/ AV.-o,</»i-, &c. — J//.7WW. that l«.|y. 

Harris, (Jkohob, I/ord, a disiin;:. English Harris. Sajii'el n.D., prcs. Bowd. Coll. 

pen., b. Maich 18, 1746; d. Belmont, Kent, 1S67-7I. Bowd Coll. 1813 ; Wm.s. Coll. 1855. 

May 19, 1S29. He was educated at Westinin- Tea. her Macbias Acad 1*!8-4I ; or.l. Dec, 22, 

ster ; eutcrwl the aruiy in 1759; l>ecainc 1841; settleil at Conwav, Me., 1841-51'; at 

capt. in 1771 ; came to .\merica with his rvv't Pittsfield, 1851-5; pruf. thcol. Bnn{;or Thcol 

Itlic 5th Foot), where ho was cnpiged in tho Sctu. 1855-67. 



ILA.R 



411 



HAR 



Harris, Th.vddeds Masos, DD clersy- 

ITfiS; .1. in B..st..n. Ms., Apr.3 184J. H.U. 
178T Alter eriiluatiii!:. he tau),'!!! school at 
Worcester, anil was invited to become the pn- 
vite sec. of \V:ishinirt"n, l.nt was prevented hy 
il'lness He tlien simlieil theol. at Cainl>nd),'e, 
where'he delivered in 1790 a Phi Beta Kappa 
Oration on " Learne 1 Associations. Lihran- 
anof ll.U.from 1791 to 179.3; P»»_'o; " 
First Chunh at Dorchester I rom Oct. ^J,_1,'M, 
to IS.39. In 1790 lie p«l>. an elc-y, Ihe 
Tiin.nphs of Superstition ; " in 1803 a" Jour- 
nal of'a Tonr into the North-west Icrntoiy 
in 1803 • " " The Minor Kncyclopiedia, 4 vols. 
1803: -'Natural History of the Uihle,' 1820; 
•• Memoirs of O^'lethorpe," 1841 ; " HX'""^ J"' 
the Lord's Suppc-r," 1820; niiracrons Sermons 
and Addresses ; •• Diseonrses in l;avorot Iree- 
masonrv," 8v», ISOl ; " Mcmonalsot the I'lr^l 

Chnrehin Oorcliester " 8™- .'/''Ov-tw/ ith 
AVice Ini Or. FrotlwKjtam m JVs. llist. Coll., 4th 

''Harri8,''T.iA..PF.t-8 William. M.n., ento- 
mologist, h. Dorchester, Ms . ^uv. 12, l'^;^. "• 
Camh.i.l,'e. Ms., Jan. IG. IMG. H U- 181.. 
Soir of the preced.ng. lie studied medicine, and 
be-aii to piacti>c in Milton. Lihrarian ot U. h. 
from 1831 to his d. 1-or several veav.s he jravc 
instruction in Imtany and natural history in the 
coll : and he ori-inale.l the Ilarv. Natural His- 
tory Society for :he stu.lents. He was a learned 
botanist; but it is as an entomoLgist, to «hici 
science he was especially devoted, that his Lu- 
ropeai. fame is owiii-. In 1 837 he was app. one 
of the coiiimiss. lor a zoological and botanical 
survcv of Ms., the result of which »^>=i h',^ 
•• Systematic Catalo-ne of the Insects of M». 
(Svb 1832), eimmeratiiiK 2,3.-)0 species. His 
extensive collection of N. Amer. insects, to- 
cethcr with the catalo-ues ami drawin;.'S relat- 
ing ,0 them, were purchascrl by subsenption 
for the Boston Society of Xamral History. His 
" Treatise on Some of the Inswts ot iN. hn-. 
Injurious to VeRetation,'' 1841 is a permanent 
co.itrib. to science of the highest value. A 
new and enlar-ed ed. was pub. in 18=2. He 
took a deep interest in antiquarian researches. 
More than' 50 of his papers have been pnb 
n the .V. i:. Farmer, llortiadlard .l/ajuJi'";, 
\[. Plowihmn, " KncyclopiEdia Americana, 
"Trans.'' of the Phila. Aead. and of the Hart- 
ford Nat. Hist. Society; the " Journa of the 
Boston Society of Nat. Hist. )}"' ?*-^'- 
list and (Kneal. Ue,'.," "The Cambndsc 
Chronicle " ic. His"Knlomol. C'ori-esp. pub. 
K.;"i "'niain, a Memoir by T. W. Ui.'gin.on. 
Harris, TnoMAS L., lawyer, and M. C. 
ntt^" b. Norwich, Ct., Oct. 29. 1816; d. 
Pcicr-l.iir ' III., Nov. 24,1858. Trinity Coll., 
Ha.tfo.d,"l'84l. He studied law in Ct. ; com- 
mence.1 pr.iciice in 1842 at Petersburg, III., 
Suite senator 1846; maj. 4th III. re'.-t. in the 
Mex war and disiin^ at Cerro (,ordo. 

Harris. Thoma» L., author ot " Arcana 
of Cl.ristiamtv," and founder of a eomnmnity 
of Spiritualists at Brocton, Lake Erie, N. Y., 
b! slonv Siratfonl, ICng., 1824. Ivn.^'. to the 
US incarlv life. A.nonj; his works is an 
"Epie of the Starry Heavens,' 1854 ;^ " Mod- 
em Spiritualism, its Truths and its Lrrors ; 



" Truth and Life in Jesus, 1 2 Sermons ; " and 
"The Millennial Age, 12 Sermons." Editor 
and chief coutrib. to the llerald of Lt'jM, a 
monihlv Spiritual journal. 

Harris, William. D.D., F^^. of Col 
Coll. (1811-29), b. Springfield, Ms April 29, 
17G5- d N. Y. Oct. 18, 1829 U. U. 1.86. 
Ord 'in 1791, and took charge of St. Michael s 
Church, Marblehead, as well as of the acad. in 
that place. From 1802 to 1816, he was rector 
of St Mark's, N. Y, and established in its 
nei.'hborliood a classical school of the highest 
order The establishment and complete suc- 
cess of the Col. Coll. grammar school was the 
rcali7.ation of one of his favorite plans. 

Harris, William Thaddels, hist, schol- 
ar, b. Milton, Ms., Jan. 25 1826; d Cara- 
brid-e, Oci. 19, 1854. H. U. 1846. Son of 
Ur T. W. Harris. He early evinced a loud- 
ness for books, which, in consequence of physi- 
cal intirmity, became in proee-ss of time his on- 
ly solace and amusement. He studied law ; but 
physical ilebility debarred him from pi;*'ice. 
In" 1845 he pub. " Epitaphs from the Old Bu- 
rying-Gronnd at Cambridge;" edited for the 
Ms Hist. Society a new edition of " Hubbard s 
Hist of N. E," to which he added many im- 
portant notes, 1848; and in 1849 edited the .'id 
Vol. of the N. E Hist, an.l Gen. Reg. He was 
a member ol mniv literary societies. I/""'-*-."" 
D H vnuis, bis bro, has pub. gcneals.ot the vas- 
sal, Bascom, and Brattle fains., and Watertowa 
Epila,.hs.-.V. E. II. and Gm. He;,., ix 100 

Harrison, Bknjamik, statesman, b. Uty 
Point, on the James River, ab. 1740 ; d^ there 
Apr. 1791 . A student, but not a grad., of W m. 
anil M. Coll. In 1764 he was a member ot 
the State Icisl., of which he was soon chosen 
speaker; member of the com. in 1764 which 
prepared the memorials to the king, lords, and 
commons ; an opponent of the Stamp-Act re.so- 
lutionsof Heniv; a member of the Mercantile 
Assoc of 1 "70, of the com. of corresp., and ot 
all the corventions held until the govt, under 
the Constitution was established. He was of- 
fered a seat in the exec. council; but his attach- 
ment to the patriot cause prevented his accept- 
ance of it. He was a delegate to the first gen. 
Congress of 1774, and immortalized his name 
by affixing it to the great charter of American 
liberty. Mr. Harrison rendered valuable ser- 
vices as chairman of the board of war, and on 
otherimportant committees. Resigning his seat 
in 1777, he was elected to the H. of burgesses 
of Va.,and was chosen speaker. This position 
he retained until 1782, when he was made gov. 
ot the State, and was twice reelected. He 
was a member of the first council of state in 
1776 In 1788 he became a member of the 
convention of Va. that ratified the Constitution 
of the U S. He advocated its adoption with 
certain amendments, but voted against it. He 
m. Eliz., dan. of Col. Wm. Bas^ett; and was 
the father of Pres. Wm. H. Harri»on. Ills 
bro. Ci.Ai.LE9 (Wm. and M. Coll. 1760) was 
a .'en of the Revol. Commiss. col.ot art. Nov. 
3o" 1776, ami served to the end of the w^>r- 

Harrison, Napoleon B.,capt. U.S^N., t>. 
Va. Feb. 19, 1823 ; d. Key West, Ila., Nov.l. 
1870. Midshipm. Feb. 26, 1838; lieut Jan. 6. 
1853; comm. July 16, 1862; capt. Apr. 28, 



HAR 

1868 Served in Cal. durioK the Mexi 
co.„ •■ Cnyuj:,.." (I«« ship of Capt B.; 
K-I the line m p«s«;,-cor Kori, Jade 
I'l'iliptothe.livof.VOrle 



412 



HAR 



exicanwar: and in I85<» 1... ...^ ■ • 

Hailey, and of C^lo nl'fa orhi"""':"^^' '? "" '^''""'"« 




Kura.ion, eau^.J a dcvp scnL^ir,, olw 
'•Slaintus of U.C. 10 1856; " '• Sl^..^, I. „f ,1 ' ^hon;..,„es of the Vallev of the U ,i^" ■;„ 

•■■aetiee an., P,e,u.in, i„ ,i.e'c'o;;„ X.'c"'- f4"'u"r- j'" '^'"V.'' ''"''• ^•■^-■'. 6.S' ^" 

J8-'S, M..n,eip..l .Manual of U.C "1859 mf.I? •"''^' '*• "■''^- ''^ "»" D- K Kmc 

1B.)|). — .i/iin/iin. ""•}! »a., u. Lineinnuti, 7 Apr I8'6 V \l ■ 

thft- 's"f °.' ;""'^r' •-'? •-«" a-'i'or of 8 o' clnSal-f A'^ ""r"-^""' "^ f^ ""'» 




oin. I oil , ami >tiidieil m...i;,.;..„ i.. . r. 



L'v?T^^*•«^^';'" ^'""'"•V an.hor, b. Ar- 

|^^^^?':d:L!«5u!!Sr?^ 

S^^n^l=^-™-:.. He 




x^""r ■'■'v-''.-;";:ica:^t^^;::i;;; 

1815 he was phicd ni .he lu-ad ofa .x,n. ni",iu 

w. L,. in 1816-19 from Ol.io; member of tli J 
Ohio .enau, 1819-21; U.S. senator 1 825^; 



8fi« ■" • ■•■•""•^' »"<' e.iiieu t..v him n July, 
"d " Conde s.;. v.'"',' ?.'"'• "' ^ '^•'"*- "*"0. 



and " Conden.sed Suvlh." 

Hart, James M.. landscape-painter b Kil. 

w/lh hiH '*T"""''' "'^«- '"'»« '"Albany 
H.th h., family lu 1831, where he was a couch 



HAR 



413 



HA-Tl 



under tho ■mstrucnon o. 1 .Mo V ^^ ^^^^^_^. .,, 



under the instruction ot '' f '■"; ' ^ibanv in 
he went to "»^^f '°1 i^^^i^' Y Ci?v Among 
1852, and in 1*56*«"''^1 "t^ in he Wood.." 
his pictnres are " A"'""'" '^^^r. Peaeeful 

and had but one quarter sschoo,^^^^^ ^^ 
an i"'l'^'^".'^">Y„V:^: "ton! oon he.an model- 

'good '■'''^"--^Sf ""^k'son'and cl-H,s M. 
Imong others, Gen. ;^ "=^;°" ^.nniission for a 

f n'ent men, some idea ^■ork, »- ^ j^ifenn- 
paged upon a w>""^' J'^^'.^eans. Among his 
S:::if?: •»"?■'■ Wo-nTr.umphant." 

and " II Penseroso. j f Indep., 

Hart,JoaN,s,gnc of theUee^^ 1780.. A 

b. Uopewcll, ^-J-. .l„'rdinarv education. 

resiiectable fanner ^vuh «" «™ ^^J-^f o,e colo- 
Uc\va.tor.nany years a member^o ^.^^ 

niallegisl. ."' .^"•'v ""„Hu and moral CNcel- 
sciise, P»"'""*™;'?;f^"-e' to Congress from 
'en.e. Hejvas a We W_^^ ^.^^^ ,^^ ,,,^ 

1774 10 l(-.,anu su"^' .„„(.ial exertions 
of the ]oy^^f-:^ irflcdCn his family, 
to take Uim P"'"""", „|,^^he woods from cot- 
and wandered 'trough the woo ^^^ 

tage to cottage, and »'0'".^'^^^. that he never 
S^ntly hunted by his e"^X'ame house. The 
ventnVed to ^'^"^P'^'^f^nV by Washington «1- 

. ^^pl!::drt^sdta^d Judgment of 

1844 ; Cla»»-B"0k ot 1 J ^.^^ School.',' 

annual for 18pO, ■''•rr\ro"rks. He has also 
versal Hist. ; ■• '''''\"'^^^,^ZAtnione. 
eontrtb. ,0 the P--^-'^»m,.^„« .Josxthan 

Hart (oi ''""^'^t 1748; killed m bat- 
U.S.A.,b.Kcnsington l>t., 1." ,-55 

lie with. he ^-''^''-^'.^r tii ■blc. Dr. Josiah 
Son of Ebene^er Hcit. » , ^,,g ,S,.,, 
of Marietta, 0. (?';h;; ' , : 'n.J.- settled in 
a. 74. . Jona. taugh ->7^- .j^.nt ;' was a pri- 
Farmington in 1 "'»,;. ui,i . and served 
,ate *o't^",„^' n the l"ct'. regt. attain- 
through the Ue^ ol. '" ;".\,i„..q„artcrm. En- 



posts, and in the Indian -unpa^i^s. ^^^^^ ^_ 
karmar. ^pp. niajoi .a L j;,a,. ,ho 

''''' ""'f ThrXm ■ o^'f the Laics, in what is 
sources ot "je .mi."'" r\,.ir's aimv was snr- 
now Darke ^''■;,^,; I'.f^ ' H "rt^ommanded 
prised, and total ydekawd. ,^ ; ^„,.,.,in ,he 

""^ ">'" X'''h- t^e^d mnant of the army, he 
retreat of the ."'>"*•'- bayonet ; and, 

was ordered to ^•''^"f^.'-;^' his nerilous dutv, he, 
in gallantly perfornui g thiM>er ^^^_ 

,vi,h nearly all 1>'*™'"-' ."^^'^^n,-, ,t Works of 

Art, \r ' ; r.,,„>; Ainer Sor... ill. 2U. 
•""S Coi.Jo4.-n b., author of-Mina™ 

C.S< and "H7--Santa'cr."?'d. ^- 
Svo, 18-tS; consul at banta <.'>' . 

July 23, 18.55. „ j, jgoo), minis- 

Hart, Levi, D.D. (iN-J-^ol , .^ 

ter of Preston Ct., from >o- ^'.^O Son of 
d., Oct. 27, 180S, a 69. ^ -^J^'.^.j „i,h Dr. 
Thos. of Sonth.-jgU)"^ He s. 1 1 ^^^^^^^^ ^^ _ 

Bellamy, whose d'' ; f J^^'^^ f„, ^he ministry. 
^SrSouvl^Baptistminist^^fChaH^ 

— ^?|?H3^\7^'^?--- 
Hopewell N J-. »<L-f • 'j f„,, , patriot, and 

ampton, Oct. l*- '*?^„„,nt by the'cuncil of 
was sent with Wm. ^*""'f ,|„;,,U;,ff«tc.l fron- 
Safety to reconcile f ™« ° , '^^^^^ i^" ffinvs con- 
tier settlers to the cliange in mbm, .. 
sequent upon the Re^^h ."^^^'ng powers 

settled at Hopewell U en. ^mething 

was employed to f""^,^°»'^';f ^onrai.s, and 
sequen.ly painted andscapesp ^^ ^^.^ 

even window-shades , and pa'^ "^ ^^^^ ^^ 
nativecountry. b,nce^848.-';,,^j;^,tional 
associate and a rcgula exm j ^^^^ 

Acad.of Dcsign.o^wh. 'tn 180. he^. ^^^^_ 

an academician. A resuicnt o Among 

of the.Brooklvn Aca-l. .„"f, "f '.r^'the Mill," 
his pictures is .,'-^'" "^j .. "Up among 
■' Little Spring ;Glo.uninP^^.^ 

the Uills, ,^f,"^L*"ofDav on Mt. Desert." 

Golden Hours, Clo^^°' „ .."storm Clearing 

"Autumn 111 tt'e vales _ ,he 

Off." ;■ Melrose Abbe . ^-'^^^.^n." ^ His 

Hills," and J> ^„/ '> ,e entiug the seasons. 

h,test work IS a,^^"-"^"-' '^'-P i.'„„irsh politician 

f.^'^f / b it" ■ Sb!;;;.: Dec.lo, .813. 

and inventor, u. ii- . , h,..„ed writer on 

«« ^T.f:.':Vednca,edat()xford; some 

""•'"Pj'>'^'Vor the town of Kingston-upon- 

time M. P. 'Of t"^ ' ..Unlived as a senator 

Hull ; and unilorinly d sp jt)^" ^. ^,^,,ay 

liberal .a"d e;;>'S^--f^h thrAmer. Colonies 
opposition to hi. war wu. leuipoteii- 

iJd' to his being «PP-,°^%°;a.klin at Pari*; 
tjaries to treat with i"- r™ 



HAR 



414 



'^lm.r.„°[l,''''' '<="*"»" ll'»t occasion 
«»i'. it has Iwcn cunjecmrcd that Hanl.v 
procnrcl fur Dr. Frankl.n ,1.. lc>tc' Vll, i I- 
..son «n.l others. In the Uuu.^ of Co.n ^n 
1 ..rtley was one of the fir,t promoter^ of the 
abolaiun of the >U,,.-tr.ulJ His "ic„, H* 

M-ar •'?■--<: P.', '^"^'P' °" "'« American 
). '"^- ,,.' • • 6. «n.l other polit. tracts. - Aiii,, 

n^T^R^' .'^""r"' .^^-C- '■™'" '7«9 'O 
ifOO, l>. Kcailiii'-, Pa.. Si])t 7 I-ja. i . 

ollrnnesregt. Jan. 9 ,7ro; col. Gth Pa.' 
I . e-9. Ue coin, an cxped. in Oct. 1 "8 a-!ii,ut 
t^ie savaj,.e» who were comx-rned in ihe'u'v^ 
m.iig massacre. Ilclestrovcd theirsc-ttlenien.r 
ki led some o. the Iiidian;, «„d n^c^ eredcon' 
Siderable of the s,>«il they had carried off He 
was in the Pa. Assen.bl/ in 1778 ; one of tl e 
council of censors, 178.3; delesat^ "o the it 
coiivcntion 1.1 1 787 to ado,,, .l^, U.S. Cons^: 
iiiiMin. — J^inman. 

lAc 16 18.JU. Un. Coll. I8J3. He practised 
law nntil ISO.; com. theSIst Pa. r.-« . i Bur„ 
ule s exped. and c;apt„re of Xewbe^-rn i^ \f„r. 
1862; was in all the cn{;agenienis of the 97h 
corps, inelndint' Viek.sbur|; was made hr^ 
gen. 12 May, =1864; ledVhe ^^.s chl ^e 

«i ine JU div. 9;h corn-* Jfir 'I'l iba-. ~ i 
amly recaptured Fort Steadman- li'fh^'l.^.t 
».e|ore Hielnnond, for »hich he was brev' maj.! 

1 ai lor » .Med. Jurispruden. e," 8vo 1834 • fn 
f C: I ^^(-'"'■""-./Medic.ni and^s'u'r^eo-,'^ 
mils <'""'"t'Sv to many medical jour- 

Hartshprne, IIenrv, M.D., son of Dr 

Amhoi o( W ater ,>. Hyd,x.pathv," Phila 
^56'''"^'t::^V""J'Vi^^"Vi''iCiVcula.i^'; 
IS06, Lsseitials of Practical Mod."' 1869 

^xam. -!-r//,t::- '^^•''- '^■- "°^ ^''^'- ^'^ 

sni-ccmb. Alexandria, Va., Dec. li, 1779- d 
near \ i|,ni„,.,c,n, Del., AuR. 20, ISio. MD 
L. c,f Pa. 808. Kichard, the pion.x^r of the 
fa.nily, settlc-d on the liiVhIands of XevLhik in 

■.'rZirT "r f ""•• '''^'''^•-^' '-■•■•holde',^ 
•n J-. Jersey . Joseph btvame, at the a'e of i n 

i7)^vV\ ""-'"^p"'."- medi.;:^^" di: 

JMth Dr. Craik, the physician of Waslun-ton • 

llo-pital. 1 hil.i.. .July 27. I SOI ; went as surm^n 
an.^ Mi,^.rcar^-o of an Ka-^t-Indiaman in IsT 

in iiraitiw, ..^K.n attain.n-cninc.ncc in his nro- 
fosion. S«r;jcxm,.f ,he Pa. Iluspitalin 1815-^?: 
menlK-rof.the Phila. Mc-dieal.' and the Amer' 
1 hilos. bo.i.ties,.-indof the Coll. of Phv.sicians 
He pre.pa.vd and pnb. in isor. B,.v,r on the 
Boues, with Appe.ndi.x and Xotes. DV,. K dlird 



HAJi 



and Henry Hari.-.homcarcson.s. - ^-.o.,.^-, jy,,; 
aartstene, Hen«v J., „aval officer, b 

^aj.c^ed.o.hecoa,.:u;>!^^la!:^,^-- 

iTrl-V T:'.^ '"Kns. the Bn,i,U exploring 
bark Kesolu.e," winch, alter ha< in- been aban- 

t'bV^^on'r''""'"' '""' ''""•''^'-^"' "'"''-^''* 

A ^>*T^.f^ v''*'?^ ^' •'™'»'°«J -pen- U.S. 

a°l, In 1 ""•''''' "*"•■"= ■"= '^'^ wounde^d; ,v^ 
Pot ii? •.-<•'" ""■• ""•' '"'• ""•■"« "' "■•^t 

., t" '.?.*^ andmaj. JulvK, 1862- eerved 

i^j;:^rans;t:^..;;:,!i -:;;-, \r"^-;^j?- 

wldeh"."'' ''^" ■'"'' '""^ AU.nm,nbie's bn"n. de! 
which hecom. at th. battles of tVdar .Monnl^n 

vereW ^ol^r'. "' 'V""^'^'"- »'>^"= »"-■• "'^ st' 
27 I srT^ i'"^ ■. ""V/S^-"- -^'«»-- -'9, 1862 ; Apr. 

Bermnda ,n siege of Petersburg. Mar -L" 
I86o ; brc.v. brig.-gc'n. and maj.-jj^. 1.: s C'^li 

on lor hiiiLself from that time until 1831 ^^W 
mg in 1850 the sUver mc^al ot the Jll' ^^^r" 
Mec anieVA.soc. for be... sjHvimen of the ar^" 

Harvard, John-, founder of Harv Coll h 
Eng pn.bab!v in JliJdlesex, Zu ,^' "l 
CharlestowT,, .Ms , Sept. 14. 1618. He was en 
terc'dasaix-nsionerat I- man. Coll. leai wiL 
prad. B..V. m I6.3|-a and M.A. n I63V and^ 

'";^f 'Z inf •'"■''-^ """'^- •■« f"-""''" Nov.' 
iilr him :„ ri ^ " '"""''"" "<■ '••"'J w-L* set off 
or hmi n Charlestowii. whea- he exenri^d tZ 

nZ;il'lcT;t'' '"''"•' '■"'•"'-'^••'--'^E'S 

oTlaw •• m'n !'""'''* ■^■"Jin^Mowartl a body 
ui ijws. llalt his estate ^^771 1 ?■ -i / u 

le.tfor,heerc.,ionof,he'el:,;!'wi.ht,;" 

Cn'ii " r? r" ""''^■'' '^'"-' '■* -W .0 have 
bv-en cli^erteHi from its original pun^sc He 

Ldwurd Lveatt, Se-pt 20, 1828. '"'"^=>=' "> 



HAJl 



415 



HAS 



Harvey, Sir John, ),'0v. of Va. 1629-35 ; 
was in ICiS sus])einlud as well as imiKMolieil by 
the Assemblv. but was restore.l by tlie kiii;;tbe 
next year, alid eontiniK'il in office until 1639. 
He was sent as a commi*. to that Colony in 
1623, and b.-eame a meinbui- of the prov. j;ovt. 
in 162:i. lie was one of tlie most lapacious, 
tviannieil, and nnpopular ot' llio royal irors. 
' Harvey, Ges. Sir Jons, a Brit, otlicer, b. 
1778 ; d. Halifax, X.S., Mar. 22, I 8j2. Eutcr- 
iii* the array in 1794, he served m Holland, 
Friince, Cape of Good Hope, Egypt, and India ; 
was made dep. adj.-gcn. in Canada, June, 1812j 
led the attack at Stony Creek on t!ie ni-ht ot 
June 5, 1813, capturing (iens. Chandler and 
Winder; received a medal for "ailantry at 
Chrvstlcr's Farm ; also served at Luiuly's Lane ; 
was'scverelv wounde.lat the battle of Fort Erie; 
Wiis aide-de-camp to Welliifgtou at Waterloo ; 
lieut.gen. Nov. 9, 1846; gov. N. Brunswick 
some years pre%-ious to 1 841 , when he was made 
gov. of Newfoundland ; and in June, 1S46, be- 
came gov. of Xova Scotia. 

Harvey, Louis P., gov. of Wis. 1862, b. 
E. Haddain, Ct., 22 July, 1820; drowned at 
Savannah, Tenu., 19 Apr. 1862. Wc»t. Res. 
Coll. 1840. In 1828 he removed to Ohio; in 
184U to Kenosha, Wis., where he was a teacher, 
and afterward editor of a Whig iiews;ja|)er. 
In 1850 he removed to Shopiere, Rock Co. ; 
engaged in mannf ; was a member of the 
State" senate 1855-7; ^«c. of state 1857-61. 

Harvey, Matthkw, LL.U. (l)artm. Coll. 
1855), statesman and jurist, b. Sutton, N.H., 
June 21, 1781; d. Concord, April 7, 1866. 
Dartm. Coll. 1806. He studied law; com- 
menced practice in 1809; was a representative 
from Hopkiuton 8 years, and speaker of the 
house in 1^18-20; pres. of the State senate in 
1825-8;' councillor 1828-30; M.C. in 1821-5; 
gov. in 1830-1 ; U.S. di^t. judge from 1831 
till his death ; pres. X.II. Hist. Society. 

HarWOOd, AsouiiW Allkn, rear-admiral 
U.S N., b. Pa. His mother, Elizabeth F. 
Bache, was a granddaughter of Franklin. His 
father was J. E. Harwood, comedian. Mid- 
shipm. Jan. 21, '1818; lient. Mar. 3, 1827; 
coin. Oct. 2, 1848; capt. Sept. U, 1855; 
commo. Julv 16, 1862; rear-adm. (retired list) 
Feb. 16, 1809; chief of bureau of ordnance, 
1861 ; commandant Washington Navy Yard 
1862-3; sec. light-house board 1865-9. In 
1819-23 he was engaged in the suppression of 
the slave-trade in Africa, and of piracy in the 
W. Indies. Member of a commis. to visit 
dockyards and foundries in Eiig. and France, 
and i'e|)ort on ordnance improvements in 1844. 
Harwood. Jous Edmcxd, comedian and 
poet, b. Eng. 1771; d. Germantown, Pa., Aug. 
21, 1803. Ue was endowed by nature with 
brilliant talents, and had received an excellent 
education. He came to Amer. with WigneU's 
Comp. in 1793; and at Phila. and N.Y. per- 
form<d with great success many leading parts, 
nunlap savs, " He was more like John Bannis, 
ter than aiiv other actor of the English stage." 
He m. Miss Bache, a grand daughter of Benj. 
Franklin; retired from the stage, and kept a 
Iwokstore and circulating-library, but read his 
books, and ne-lectcd his business. Harwood 
was a poet, and pub. iu 1809 a vol. ot verses 



in N.y. Ho was a man of wit, and a social 
favorite. He afterward returned to the stage, 
where his increased corpulence spoiled his ap- 
pearance and action for high or genteel comedy. 
Failicr uf Adiiiial A. \. Harwood. — i>e» Dun- 
kill. A:ifr. Sktie. 

HascaU, Ges. Mild S., b. N.Y. ab. 1833. 
West Point, 1852. He entered the 3d Art., 
hut resigned Sept. 30, 1853, and settled in 
In.l., where he was clerk of tlie courts of 
Elkhart Co. June 12, 1861, he became col. 
17th Ind. vols. ; brig. gen. April 25, 1862, and 
served in the West. He evinced skill and 
bravery at the battle of Stone River, where he 
com. a division, and was wounded ; partici- 
pated in the battle of Chickamauga and Mis- 
sion. Ridge, and was active as a division com. 
in defence of Knoxville and during the Atlanta 
eampaiirn ; com. 2il div. 23d corps ; resigned 
27 Oci. 1864. Since 1865, hanker at Goshen, 
Ind. — Ciillum. 

Haskell, Daniel, pres. of the U. of Vt. 
1821-4, b. Preston, Ct., 1784; d. Brooklyn, 
N.Y., Aug. 9, 1848. Y.C. 1802. He taught 
at Norwich, and was successively pastor at 
Mul.Uctown, Litchfield, St. Alban's, and Bur- 
lington, Vi. He edited McCullocli's Gco- 
n-nrphical Dictiouarv, and pub. " A Gazetteer 
Sf the U.S.." with J'. C. Smith, 1843; " Chro- 
nolo-v of the World," 1845. 

Haskell, Willum T., lawyer, h. Tenn. ; 
d. llopkinavilie, Tenn., March 20, 1859. M.C. 
18+7-9. He was liberally educated ; pr.actiscd 
law ; and in tlic Mexican war was col. 2d Tenn. 
vols. ; disting. himself at .Medellin and at Cerro 
Gordo. — Diiiiimii. 

Haslett, CoL. John, of Sussex Co., Del., 
b. Ireland ; killed at the battle of Princeton, 
Jan. 3, 1777. Educated for the ministry, but 
siudicd and practised medicine successfully in 
Kent Co., and was often in the Assembly. In 
Oct. 1776, near White Plains, he surprised a 
Tiicket of Rogers's rangers, took 36 prisoners, 
a pair of colors, and 60 muskets ; in the action 
at Wliitc Plains, Oct. 28, 1776. His son 
JosKi-H was gov. of Del. 1811-14 and 1823-4. 
Hassler, Ferdinaxd. Rldoi.ph, director 
of the U.S. coast survev, b. Aerneu, Switzer- 
land, 6 Oct. 1770; d. Phila. Nov. 20, 1843. 
He was introilueed by his countryman Albert 
Gallatin ; was prof. math, at West Point from 
Feb. 14, 1807, to Feb. 14, 1810; was scientific 
ambassador to London and Paris, with the 
outfit and salary of a foreign minister; com- 
menced the coast survey, July, 1816; left it 
Apr. 1818; and resumed it Aug. 1832. He 
made valuable contributions to the Am. Philos. 
Trans, relating to the coast survey. Auth^jr 
of " Svstem of the Universe," 2 vols. 8vo ; 
several elementarv works on mathematics; and 
" Report to the U.S. Senate on Weights and 
Mea-urcs," 1832. — .-Irmy Diet. 

Hastings, Thomas, music doc, b. Wash- 
ington, Ct., 1784. At 12 he with his father 
reui'.ved to Clinton, N.Y. He early gave much 
attention to church psalmody. From 1824 to 
18.i2 he conducted a religious journal in Utica, 
and li^.s since resided in N.Y., where he was 
invited bv a number of churches to improve 
their psalmody. He pub. " Spiritual Songs, 
1832; "Christian Psalmist," 1836 ; "The 



HA.X 



416 



tLA.V 



Modicr's ITvran-Book," 1849; "Devotional or ilic bonnl of nssislanu (1663-79), iin>1 rom. 

Ilyiiiiidaiul I^'liKiou!<l'ocni!i," 1850; " Disscr- a rc;.-!. of militiii. A zoiilous friunil oflibcrtT 

tutiuns oil Musical Tiuie," 8vo, 18J3 ; " His- ami the charter rijjhts of his time, he was on'a 

tory of 40 Choirs," 8vo, 1834; "Manhattan of the tire |irinci|ial citizens whom Charles II. 

anil N.V. Academy Colls." and " Elements of in 1666 ortlerevi to he sent to Km;, to answer 

Vocal Music." His |>oetical and musical pul>- fur refusin); to submit to the authority of the 

lictttions numlKT alxiut 20. commissioners. 

Hatch, Kdwakd, hrcv. miij.-(,'en. U.S.A., Hatton, Robert, gen. C.S.A., b. Snmner 

b. Me. Licui.-col. 2d Iowa Cuv. Dec. 1861 ; Co., Tcnn., 1827 ; killed iit the battle of Fair 

com. rcRt. at New .Madrid, Island No. 10, buttle Oaks, Va., 31 May, 1S62. Adm. to the bar in 

of Corinth, (jrant'sTenn.-rivcrcampai^jn ; and 1849; member Tcnn. legisl. 1856 ; M.C. I8W- 

coni. cav. bri;:ade al the battle of Inka; col. 61. 



Sept. 1862; com. brijrude at Thompson's Sta- 
tion, Ilatchie, and Urunt's Miii. campai;.'n ; 
coin. CUV. division Army ofthe Tenn. at Salis- 
bury, Colliersville, La Gran(;c, I'alo Alto, 
Uirinini,'hain, Jackson, Ingraliam's Mills, &c.; 
'"■'S-)?'-'"- *■"'*■ Ap""- 1864 ; com. cav. division at 
Florence, Lawrencebur^', Campbcllville, Spring 
Hill, Franklin, Nashville, and pursuit of Gon. 
Hood ; col. 9th U.S. Cav. July 28. 1S66 ; bre 



Hauck, MiNxiE, vocalist, b. N. Y. City, 
where, at the age of 18, she first aj>p. in public 
us soprano al Christ Church. At 20 she sang 
at the Acad, of Music in the opera of " Cris- 
pino," and achieved distinction ; Oct. 26. 1868, 
she made her Mul at ihi;0|M'ra House, Lond., 
as Aroina in "La Sonnambulu." — lirown't 
Amrr. Staqt. 

Haupt (howpt), HERM.VNN, cnsinccr, b. 



bri;;.-gen. U.S.A. for battle of Franklin: and I'hi.a. 1817. West Point, 1835. Kntcrcd 3d 



brcv. iiiaj.-gi-n. lor battle of Niishville, Tenn. 
— l/enrif. 

Hatch, .loiiN P., brcv. brifj.-gcn. U.S.A., 
b. N.Y. West Point, 1845. Entering the 3d 
Inf., he was transferred to the mouiitc<t rifles ; 
was twice brcv. lor gallantry at Contreras, 



Inf., but resigned Sept. 30, 1835; was a'sist. 
engineer on the public works of Pa. until 1839 ; 
prof, of math, in Pa. Coll. till 1847, when he 
iK'Carae principal cng.of the Phila. and Colum- 
bia Railroad, of which he was made supt. in 
1849. He was from 1S56 to June, 1861, the 



Churubusco, and Cliapulic|)ec ; became 1st principnicngiiiecr of the railwaytuniiel through 

lieut. IS.'il; capt. 13 Oct. IStjO; brig.-gen.vols. the lloosac Mountain, Berk-hire Co., Ms.; 

Sept. 28, 1861 ; and assigned a cav. brigade app. brig.-gen. 5 Sept. 1862, and charged with 

under Gen. King, with which ho disting. him- the gen. supervision of the transjiorlation scr- 

sclf by several daring reconnoissanccs ab. Gor- vi'c ; col. and ai<le-de-camp, 27 Apr. 1862; 

donsville, the Uapidan.and the Kappaharnuick; inventor of a drilling engine, which look the 

com. cav. of the .ith corps in Shenandoah Val- highest prize of the Roy. l'i>lvteihnic Soc. of 

Icy Mur.-July, 1S62, and engaged at Winches- Great Britain. Author'of " llints on Bridge- 

ter 26 June. In July, 1862, he was transferred Building," 1840; " General Theory of Biidge- 

to the inf. brigade (Ibrmerly Augur's) ; and in Construction," 8vo, 1853 ; " Plan for Improvc- 

Aug. took the division of Gen. King, who was ment of the Ohio River," 8vo, 1855 ; " Mili- 

disalded by sickness. At the second battle tarv Bridges," 1864. 

of Bull Run he was wounded ; also at South £[a7eD, Alice Bradley, authoress, b. 

Moniunin, where his com formed the right of Hudson, N.Y. 1828 ; d. Aug. 2.1, 1863. Her 

Hooker's corps; inaj. 4th Cav. 27 Oct. 1863. maiden name was Emily Bradley. While a 

He com. the forces operating on John's Island, school-girl, she sent, uiulcr the pscudoiiynic of 

S.C, July 1-10, 1864; com. coast division, Alice G. Lee, many attractive sketches to the 

dept. of the South, 29 Nov. 1864 to 26 Feb. 6'<i/iii rfny fJiiK ((*, "pub. by Joseph C. Ncnl in 

1865; com. at attack at Honey Hill, S.C, 30 Phila. In 1846 she m. him. an. I at his request 

Nov., and Tullafuiny River 9 Dec, 1864; after- assumed and retained the name of Alice. On 

warilsco-o|>erati-d with Sherman while moving her husband's death in 1847, she conducted the 

up the coast, and in several skirmishes. Bav. Gmrtte for several years ; contrib. poemt, 

maj. fur Manassas, lieuL-col. for So. .Mountain, sketches, and talcs to the leading magazine*, 

col. and brig.-gcn. U.S.A. for services during She pub. in 1850 a vol. entitled " Gossips of 

the liclK'llion. — Ciiliitm. Rivertown, with Sketches in Prose and Verse." 

Hathorne, Joux, one of the chief judges Well knuwn by her series of juTenile stories, 

of .M^. 17U2-15. Son of William, bapt. 27 which attained great popularity. In 1853 she 



Aug. 1641, Salem ; d. Boston, May 10,171 
Rep. 1683; assist, or couiic. 1684-1 712, except- 
ing during Andros's govt.; active in the witch- 
cialt persec. ; served in the Indian and Eastern 
war as col. and com. of the forces in ex|M-d. 
of 1696. 



was m. to Mr. Joshua L. Haven. Portions of 
her private diary have been pu*". since her death 
in a biography, entitled " Cousin Aliew, a 
.Memoir of .\Uie B. Haven." 

Haven, ERASrrs Otis. D D. (Un. Coll. 
1854), L1..1). (O. Wes. U. 1S63). clergvroan. 



Hathorne, .M.wok William, an eminent b. Boston, Nov. I, 1820. Middleiown U., Ct., 

citizen ol .Mv ; d. Salem, 1681, a. 73. He 1842. lie soon after entcn-d the ministry of 

ivmoved liom l)..rche-ter to Salem in 16-36. the M.E. Church ; was app. in 1843 teacher of 

In 1645, with Gov. Dudley and Gen. Denison, Jiatural scienee in the Amenia Seminary, 

he was an anent to treat with D'Aulnay, the N.Y. ; and in 1846 was elected princiiuil of that 

French agent at St. Croix. He was dcp. fi-oiu institution. He was in 1853 elected prof of 

Salem to the Gen. Court several years ; the first Latin and Greek in the U. of Mich. ; prof, of 

speaker (1644), and held that station 6 years; Eng. literature in 1854-6; and was in i86.'J-9 

served in Philip's war, and the following war its pres. ; member of the Ms. BoanI ol Edu- 

with the ca^teru ludians. He was also one cation 1S5S-63; member Ms. Senate 1862-3; 



liA-V 



417 



HA^W 



pres. of the Nurth-western V., Chicago, since 
1 869. Iti 1 836 he lieaime editor of Zion's Ha- 
aid, tlie oldest Methoili>t [m|)er in the world. 
Author of " The Youii,; Man Advised," 1855; 
" Pillars of Truth," 1866 ; " Uhetorie," 1869 ; 
besides reviews, sermons, &o. 

Ha^en, Xathaxikl ArptEToy, lawyer 
and writer, h. Portsmouth, N. II , Jan. 14, 1790; 
d. there June 3, 1S26. II. U. 1807. Grandson 
of Dr. 8amuel H., minister of Portsmouth 
(1752-18i)6). He studied law; settled in Ports- 
mouth. In 1814 he dehverd a Fourth-of-July 
oration at Portsmouth; visited Kurope in 1815; 
delivered uPlii Keta Kujipa oration at Dartm. 
Coll. in 1816 ; and edited the Pu.tsmaiU/i .loir- 
mil Irom 1821 to 1823. lie wrote also for the 
N.A. Ikciew. May 21, 1823, he was the ora- 
tor at Portsmouth at the Second Cent. Cele- 
liration of the Landiu;,' of tlie First Settlers. 
A selection of his writings, and a Memoir, by 
UC'irge Tieknor, was pub. in 1827. 

Haven, S.\muki. Foster, archajologist, b. 
Dedhaiii, .Vis., 28 May, 1806. Amh. Coll. 1826. 
Lawyer, and many years iibi arian Amer. Aniiq. 
Soe., Worcester, Ms. Son of Judge Saml., de- 
scended from Kicliard of Lynn, 1645. lie has 
pub. " Hist. Aildiess at Uedhain," 21 Sept. 
1836 ; " Remarks on the Pupham Celeb.," 
1865; " ArehiBology of the U.S." (ptib. by the 
Smiths. Inst.), 4lo,"l855. 

Haviland, Joiix, architect and engineer, 
b. Lng. Dec. 15, 1792; d. Phila. March 28, 
1852. After studying his proles.-ion with Elmes 
the architect, he went to IJu^sia in 1813 to enter 
the Imperial Corps of Eii;;ineers ; but in 1816 
emigrated to .Vmerica. lie was the first to in- 
troduce the radiating form in the construction 
of pricjons, as in the penitentiaries at Pittsburg 
and at Cherry Hill, which he iiuilt. Among 
the other edifices built alter the plans of Mr. 
Xlavilaud may be named the Hall of Justice at 
New York; the U.S. Naval Asylum at Nor- 
folk ; the N. J., Missouri, and Uliodc island 
biate Peniteutiaries ; tlie Deaf and Dumb Asy- 
lum, Phila.; the State Insane Aoylnm, Harris- 
burg; and the U.S. Mint, Phila.' Autlior of 
" Bui.dcr's Assist.," 3 vols. 8vo, Bait. 

Haviland, William, a Biit. gen., b. Ire- 
laud, 1718; d. 16 Sept. 1734. He served at Car- 
thageiia and Portobello ; was aide to Gen. 
Blakcney in the rebellion of 1743; licut.-col. 
27th regt. under Loudon in Amer. 1757 ; served 
under Abercrombie at Ticonderoga in 1758; 
under Amherst in 1739-i;0; and as brig. -gen. 
com. the exped. which reduced Isle Anx Noi.x, 
Si. John's, and Chamlily, entering .Montreal 
with Amherst in Sept. His me< hanical genius 
enabled him to concert measures for passing 
the rapids with success ; aii'.l he conirib. 
efficiently to the success of the English arms in 
Amer. Sen. brig, gen and second in com. at 
the rednctioii of Martinique in Feb. 1762; com. 
the 4tli brig, at the siege of Havana; lieut.-geii. 
25 -flay, 1772 ; gen. 19 Feb. 1783. 

Hawes, Joel, D.D., clcigyinan, b. Med- 
way, M.-... Dec. 22, 1789; d. Gilead. Ct., June 5, 
1867. Brown U. 1813. Df humble parentage, 
his early lile presented few opportunities for 
education. He studied theol. at Andover; 
was settled in the First Cong. Church in Hart- 
lord, Ct., March 4, 1818, and soon became 



known as an ablcprcacher and writer ; and re- 
tained the pastorate uniil his death. He has 
pub. "Lectures to Young Men," 1828, of 
which 100,000 have been circulated in ilie U.S. ; 
" Tribute to the Memory of the Pilgrims," 
1830; "Memoir of Norinand Smith," 1839; 
" Character Every Thing to the Young," 1843 ; 
" Tlvc Religion of the East," 1845 ; " Looking- 
Glass for the Ladies," 1845; "Washington 
and Jay," 1850; and in 1865 "An Urtciing 
to lloMie Missionaries;" a vol. of discourses 
on " Home Missions;" "Letters on Univer- 
salism," 18mo; " Century Address," Hartford, 
9 Nov. 1835; beside numerous occasional ser- 
mons in the Natiuwil Prcachfr and elsewhere, 
and articles in the various quarterly reviews. 

Hawes, William Post, author, b. N.Y. 
City, Feb. 4, 1803 ; d. 1842. Col. Coll., N.Y., 
1821. He studied law, and practised success- 
fully at the bar of his native city. A fertile 
and original essayist, he furnisheil a great va- 
riety of articles for periodicals, especially to the 
iV. j^ Minor aiul the American Afonlhli/ Mag- 
azine. He also nii.\ed in political strife. The 
best of his writings were pub. in 1842, under 
the title of " Sporting Scenes," signed with 
the pseudonyme of " Cypress, Jun.," edited, 
with Memoir, by H. W. Herbert. 

Hawkins, Besja.\iin, statesman, son of 
Col. Philemon, ii. Yates Co., >' C, Aug. 15, 
1734; d. at the Creek Agem-y, June 6, 1816. 
He left N. J. Coll. at the outset of the Revol. 
war, and became a member of the family of 
Washington, where he acted as interpreter in 
tlie intercourse of the gen. with the French of- 
cers of his army. He was jiresent at the battle 
of .Monmouth, and upon several other occasions; 
and in 1780 was commissioned agent of N.C. 
to procui-e arms and ammunition. He was a 
delegate to Congress from 1781 to 1784 from 
N.C; was app. a commissioner to treat with the 
Cherokces and other .sonihcrn Indians in 1785, 
and again from 1 786 to 1 787 ; was a U S. sen- 
ator from 1789 to 1793, after which Washing- 
ton app. him supt. of Indian affairs ,-oiitli. Al- 
though a man of wealth, he took upliisroidence 
among tlie Creeks, and devoted all his energies 
to their improvement. He established a large 
farm, built mills, houses, wagons, ami made im- 
plements of all sorts suited to the demands of 
the country. Some of his manuscripts are in 
the possession of tie Ga. Hist. Soe. ; and those 
on " Topography " and " India. i Cliaracter" 
have been jiublished. 

Hawkins, Kev. Ernest, prcb. of St. 
Paul's ( 1 843-63), and sec. to the Soe. for Prop- 
agation of tlie Gospel ; li. ab. 1802. B.iliol Coll., 
Oxf, 1824. Authorof"Hisiorvof. Mis-ions to 
the N.A. Colonies," Lond. 1843 ; " Annals of 
the Colonial Church," 8vo, 1847; "Annals 
of the Diocese of Qiieliec," 8vo, 1849. A can- 
on at Westminster Abbey since 1865. — .Men 
of the Time. 

Hawkins, Sir Jonx, an English naviga- 
tor, b. Plymouth, 1520; died at sea Nov. 21, 
1595. He made several voyages in his youth, 
and acquired much maritime experience. In 
1362-8 lie made 3 voyages, with cargoes of ne- 
groes, from Africa to the W. Indi' s, in the 
last of which be was severely handled by the 
Spaniards for engaging in contraband trade. 



H;A^v 



418 



HLA.W 



H« WHS in 1573 trt'.-K. of iho nuvv, wliich he 
lu'M till Wis UvhiIii iiml in I58!4 v°i>'c-a<liii. n( 
llii' S(|niiil. iieiit n::iiiiist ihe ^paiii^li Arniaila, 
iinil was kni.'llti'il lur liis I'uncliict nn iliat uccn- 
siiin. Ill I59.> he wa'i i^eiii iviih his kiii>niiin, 
Di'iike, a;:aiiist ihu S|)aiiish \Y. Iiulinn sctlit- 
iiK'iil> ; hut iliflurviK-c of o|iiniuii unit i-uii-oqui-nt 
ill Mhri'3- wcasioiicd liiiii so imu'h cha;.'rin, 
that il i> siiiiiK>-i-il Id iiavo haslciu-d his ileathr 
Author of a " True Dctlunition of the Troiible- 
ooiiio Vo\'ai;e uf Mr. John Hawkins to the 
I'.irtes of liuynea ami the W. Imlies, 1567-8," 
l.oml. 8ro, I5C9. Mis !>on, Sir Kiehnnl Haw- 
kins, was ailin. ol N. Ent;. 

Hawkins, Jons II W., trmpcraiiee re- 
fi'niur. II. llaliimorc, 1797; <1. I'arkerslmrg, 
I'a.. Anij. 26, 1858. lie iK'canie a confirmed 
clinnkanl, >inking to the lowest depths of imox- 
leaium, hut, throu>:h the interposition of his 
liiile liau., was restored to hiinstlf, to his I'anii- 
l_v. and r.i usefulness. This was in June, 1 840 ; 
and Iruin that time ho labored and leetnri'd in 
cverv Siaie in the Union, save California, with 
woiid< rliil suoeess. — See Life, bf Win. iiro. 
JJ.i.rUiis. 12nK>. 1859. 

H:iwkins, Col. 1'iiii.iiMON, Revol. states- 
man, !.. N.C. IVe. 3. I75i; d. Pleasant Hill. 
Warren Co., N.C, Jan. 28, 18.33. Member of 
a troop of eav. at the haiile of Allamance, 
May 16, 1771. Before he was of n;^!, he was 
a meiulwr of the Gen. Assembly for Bute Co. 
lie rvpreseiiteil i!ioeouniie» of liiite and Gran- 
ville 13 years, with but two years' iiili-rmis-'ion. 
His la>t'term was at Fayelleville in 1789. He 
r.ii-id the first vol. co. in the eounty of Bute 
for ilio Aaiof Inde|K-ndencc. In 1776 he was 
el.rtcd e.d. of a re;;t ; and in that coin. |)er- 
formeil m.my services, lie was the la>t sur- 
viving si'.;ner of the Slate ronstiiiilion of 
N.C; in 1776 was a nieiiiber of tlie conven- 
tion which ratified the U.S. Con~tiinlion ; and 
fniinentlv a raember of the K.\ec. Council — 
.v./;. Mi'i'i . iv. 264. 

Hawkins, William, ;,'ov. of NO. 1811- 
14: il. Sparia. C.a., .May 17, 1819. Nephew 
ol nenjaniiii, I'.S. senator. 

Hawks, Cicero Stki-hex, D.D. (C. of 
Mo. 1S47). LL.I)., rrol.-Epis. bishop of Mo., 
b Newliern. N.C . Mav 26, 1812; d. St. Louis, 
Mo., Apr. 19, 1863. "U. of N.C. 18.30. His 
praiulfnther came over with Gt>v. Tryon. and 
wascmp'oycd as an arhiteet. He was brought 
up by his liroihcr, Uev. Francis L. Hawks, and 
studied law, lint never practised. Ord. priest 
in 18.14; ami was rvcCor of Trinity Church, 
BntTalo. in 1837-43 ; rector of Christ Church, 
St. Loui-i, 1 843-4 ; ami consec. bishop of Mo. 
Oct. 20, 1844. In 1849, when the cholera 
inaile siieli fearfnl ravages in St. Louis, he was 
uiitirin:; in his dtvotion to the suflXTine, re- 
gardless of personal ex|)osurc; and attended to 
the physical as well as spiritual wants of llio 
victims. Coiiirib. to various journals, and «li- 
tor of "The Boy's and Ciirl's Librarv," and 
•• Library f.ir My Voiin;; Countrymen.^' Au- 
thor of •' Friday Christian, or the Firstborn 
of I'itcairn Island." 

Hawks, Fkvmis Lister, D.D. (Col. 
Cod. 1»<1;',, LL.l) , cbT:;nii:in and author, b. 
N wlvrii. N C, June 10."l79.S; d. N.Y. Sept. 
S;. 1800. U. of N.C. 1815. He studied law ; 



was adm. to the bur at the accof 21 ; nndprac- 
tisi-d some years in N C. At 23 he >v«, elei ted 
lo the leyisl.. but, rvsolvinj; to devote himself lo 
the Epis. mini.stry, was onl. in 1827 ; was lor a 
short time assistant lo Dr. Harry Croswell in 
N Haven, Cl.; in 1829 tK'cameassi«t. minister 
ol St. James's Church, I'hila. ; was rector of St. 
Stephen's in 1831; and Irvim 1832 lo 1843 was 
rector of St. Thomas's Church, N.Y. As bi»- 
torio^;rapher of the Aiiier. Epis. Chun-h, Dr. 
Hawks, under the authoriiy of thej.in. lonven- 
lion, went lo En;;., and oluaineil co|iics of im- 
portant papers relatiuj; to its carlv history. In 
1837, with Dr. Henry, he founded the'.Y.V. 
liifieir, of wliieh he was for some time e<liior 
and n principal eonlrib. He a'soloiind>d at 
Flushing', L.I., St. Thomas's Hall, a school for 
boys : but it was closol in a fi'W years, leaving 
Dr. Hawks deeply in ilebt. From Nov. 1840 to 
Oct. 1842, ho cJhduetcd the Ch.url, /I'roji./, a 
Weekly paper devoted lo the cause of Cliiisiiaii- 
ilv and education, in which he prinieil much 
ol the historical matter collect -d by him in 
Europe. He removed lo Mpi. in 1843, and 
was elected bishop of ilie diocese, which, how- 
ever, he deciiu'd. At the close of 1844 he 
removed to N. ( jrleans, where he btvame rec- 
tor of Christ Church. He remained ilicre 5 
years, and was meanwhile elected prcs. ol the 
V. of La. Ueliiriiing to N.Y. in 1849, a sni>- 
scriplion of Slo.OJii nlieveil him Irum pvcuiii- 
ary cmbarmssinent. lie became rector of tl e 
Cliurchof the Mediator, afterward iiierp'd into 
Calvary Church, which he reside .-d in 1861, 
from sympathy with the South ; ami, dui in); ilio 
war, hid charge of a parish in B iltiiuoie. lu 
1865 he >vas ivcalled to N.Y. to bi-come rector 
of the Chapel of the Ho:y S.ivinur. He wns 
elected bishop of ]{ I. in 1854. but deelimd. 
Among bis most important works are " Ke- 
jKiris of the Supreme Court of N C," 1820- 
6, 4 vols. 1823-8; " Di;;c.s| of all the Case* 
Decided and Ue|M>rle<l in N C ;" " Conlrihii- 
tionsiothe Eiclei.isue.il Hist, of the U.S ," 2 
vols, (euibraein^ Va.,.\M., and N.Y.); " Egypt 
and its Monuments," 1849 ; " Aurlenlar Con- 
fession in the l'roiesiani-Kpis<opal Cliurvh," 
18:>U; -History of N.C," 2 vols lS.">7-8. He 
translated Rovcio ami Tschudi's " An.ii|niiicS 
of IVri," 18.')4, and edited tin' " Official and 
other Slate Taiwrs of Alex. Ilaiiiillon," 1842; 
" Bomanccof Biography," in a series ol I2iiio 
vols.; •' .Vppleion's Cyi'o|ia;ilia of Bi.i:;ra- 
phv," 1856; wiili IJev.'Wm S. Terry, • Jour- 
nals of the C.cn Coiivs. of the Fr. Kp. Church 
in ther.S.1785-18.-.3."1861; ami " Doc. Hist, 
of the I'r.-Ep. Chueli in the U.S." I86J ; and, 
under the psendonyine of " Uncle Thi.ip." 
several vols, of juvenile works for H:>r|K'r'i< 
" Boys' and Girls' Library." He •ompile I 
from Ferry's original notes and Jouriiul ihe 
•' N.iir.iiivcof Com. Ferry's Exik'iI. to the Chi- 
na Seas and Jajiun in 1852-4," IS.'ifi ; and has 
coiitrib. to various |K'rio<lica!s. He was at the 
lime of his death preparing a work on ihe .\n- 
cient Monuments ol Centndaml Wesurii .\nier. 
and a physical gcigraphy. He was cniinenl 
for learning, piety, ami eloquence ; meiiilict 
oftheX.Y. Hist. Soc. ; vice-prcs. of the Anier. 
Ethnol. S4K-. 185.^-9; vicc-prvs., and fioin IS.'iS 
to 1861 pres., Amcr. Ueojf. and Statist. Soc. — 



II.V"W 



411) 



ILA.Y 



S'' I lie flawts Memorial, % E. A. Diii/cb'nck, 

isri. 

Hawley, Gideon, missionary to the In- 
dians, I). liri(l;;cport, Ct., Nov. f>, 1'2'; d. 
Jliiislilicc, Oct. 3, 1807. Y.O. 1749. Orel. 
July .'Jl, 1754. lie begun Ills mission at 
.StockliriclfTC in Feb. 1752, anil opened u school 
fur Indian cliildren. ilis next field of nsefiil- 
ness was Ou<;li4uau;:a on the Susqnehanna, 
whiiher he went in June. 17,53, remaining un- 
til the French war began in May, 1756 ; when 
he went to Boston, and was elia|ilain in Grid- 
lev's rugt. in the cxjied. against Crown Point. 
I'ioni Apr. 10, 1758, to his d., he laljored in tlie 
Alar.^hpee Mission. He was well qualiricd lor 
his work; the dignity of his manner, and a 
voice of authority, giving him great influence 
Willi the Indians. He pub. in Hist. Colls, of 
ils. Biog. and Topog. Anecdotes respecting 
Sandwich and Marsli]iee, and an iiUeicstiiig 
letter narrating his journey to Ougliquaiiga. 

Hawley^ Gideon, scholar, b. Huntington, 
C[., 17S5; d. Albany, 20 Aug. 1870. Un. 
Coll. 1809. Kemoved to Saratoga Co., N.Y., 
1794. Adm. to the Albany bar in 1813; sec. 
of ilie regents of the U. 1814-41 ; and a regent 
of the .Smithsonian Inst. 1846-70. Thoronglily 
versed in literature and science. He printed 
for private distribution among his friends ■ Es- 
says in Truth and Knowledge." 

Hawley, Major Josepd. an eminent 
staie.-<man, h. Northampton, Ms., 1724 ; <1. 
March 10, 1788. Y.C. 1742. He began jjublic 
life as a preacher, but devoted himself to the 
law. and practised in Hampsliire Co. many 
years with great reputation. Disting. for his 
le;;al attainments and political knowledge, as 
well as for integrity, lie was regarded as one 
of tlie ablest advocates of American lilierty. 
ilepeaiedly elected to the council, he steadily 
refused the office, preferring a seat in the H. 
of re|)re>entatives, where, from 1764 to 1776, his 
patriotism and his bold and manly eloquence 
gave him a commanding position. He was a 
member of all the important committees of the 
time ; was often chairman, sometimes prepar- 
ing the resolves ofi'ered ; and in 1770 was one 
of the com. of eorresp. He was chairman of 
the com. of the Prov. Congress in Oct. 1774 
to consider the state of the country, &e. ; and 
was also a member of that body in 1775. Ho 
continued in the Gen. Court till infirm health 
necessitated his retirement. From a violent 
opposer of the ecclesiastical measures of Jona- 
than Edwards, whose removal from Northamp- 
ton he had been active in effecting, he became 
his warm advocate; and in 1760 wrote a 
remarkable letter deploring his part in the 
afl'air. 

Hawley, Josf.ph Roswell, journalist and 
politician, b. Kichmond Co., N.C., 31 Oct. 
1826. Ham. Coll. 1847. At the age of 1 1 he 
went to Ct. ; esiabiished himself at Hartford 
in the practice of law in 1850; and in 1857 
connected himself with the Evening Press, a 
licpub. organ. Entering the 1st Ct. regt. in 
Apr. 1861. he was a capt. at Bull Run ; lieul.- 
col. 7tli Ct. regt. Sept. 1861, comg. after the • 
promo, of Col. Terry ; at siege of Pulaski, 
I'oe taligo ; siege of Forts Wagner and Slim- 
ier ; com. a brigade at Ulustee, Flu., in Feb. 



1864, and Armv of the .Tames in Va. ; at 
siege of Petersburg. Drury's Uluir, Deep Bot- 
tom, Deep Run, and Darhytown Road ; lirig.- 
gcn. 17 Sept. 1864; com. 2d brig. Terry's div. 
loth corps; afterward Terry's chiefof staff in 
Va. ; brev. maj.-gen. Sept. 1865; gov. of Ct. 
1866-7; pres. Chicago Nat. Repuh. Coin*. 
June, 1868. Now (1871) edits Hartford 
Vuiiratit. 

Hawthorne, Nathaniel, author, b. July 
4, lt<()4, at Salem, where his English ancestors 
Buttled earlv in the 17th centurv ; d. Plymouth, 
N. II., May 19, 1864. Bowd. Coll. 1825. 
Feeble in health, he lived on a farm from his 
loth year. After quitting coll., he resided 
many years in Salem. In 1832 he pub. in 
Boston an anonymous romance. In i8.'!7 he 
coll. a number of his tales and sketches, and 
jinb. them under the title of " Twice-told 
Tales," of which a second series appeared in 

1842. From 1838 until 1841 he was a weigher 
and ganger in the Boston Custom House. He 
afterward lived with the association at Brook 
i'arin in West Ro.\liury, Ms., — a community 
of literati and philosophers, who supported the 
freedom of a rural life by the independent 
labor of their hands, — of which he was one of 
the founders. Before the expiration of a year, 
he returned to Boston, where he resided till 

1843, when ho m., and look up his abode in the 
old manse at Cone ord; which adjoins the first 
battle-field of the Revol. In the Iinrod. to the 
"Mosses from an Old Manse," 1846, he has 
given an account of his life there. From 1846 
to 1850 he was surveyor of the port of Salem. 
Of this decayed olil custom-Iiouse and its ven- 
erable inmates he gave a graphic and satirical 
sketch in the Inirod. to " The Scarlet Letter," 
1850, a powerful romance of early New-Eng- 
land life, which greatly enhanced his reputa- 
tion. He then settled in Lenox, and wrote 
"The House of the Seven Gables," 1851. 
Thi., was followed in 1852 by " The Blithcda'e 
Romance," in which, as he says, he has ven- 
tured to make free with his old and affection- 
tionatelyremembered home at Brook Farm, as 
being certainly the most romantic episode of 
his own life. In 1852 he removed from Lenox 
to Concord. Having, during the presidential 
canvass of 1852, pub. a Life of his coll. friend 
Franklin Pierce, the latter in 1853 app. him 
to one of the most lucrative posts in his gift, — 
the U.S. consulate at Liverpool. This he re- 
signed in 1857, and travelled in Europe two 
years. His other writings are, " True Stories 
from Historv and Biographv." 1851; "The 
Woflder Bo.ik for Girls and Boys," 1851 ; 
" The Snow Image and other Twice-tohl 
Tales," 1852; and "Tanglewood Tales," 1853. 
In 1845 he edited " The Journal of an Afrie.tn 
Cruiser," from the MSS. of Lieut. Horatio 
Bridge. In 1860 he pub. " The Marble Fann." 
His last work, " Our Old Home," 1863, was a 
collection of sketches of English scenery and 
life, first imh. in th': Atlantic Monllili/. Since 
his death, " Passages from his Amer and Eng- 
lish Noie-Books " have been pub. in 4 vols., 
and a complete edition of his works in 18 vols , 
by Ticknor & Fields, Boston. 

Hay, Geouge, jurist, d. Richmond, Sept. 
1830. Uisting. in the \'a. legisl ; manyyeiri 



HAY 



420 



liA-Y 



U.S. at:y., in which capacity he win the prose- 
cii:*>r uf Aanm Burr, mid at'ierwanl jnd^c nf 
th.' U.S. Court for the Ka-itcm Dist. of Va. His 
wife wa> the dan. of Pre^. .Mmirof. His jiolit- 
iciil writin;»i>, si;;!!^ ■■ lloricnsius," puc him 
some celi'hrity. lie wrote ii treatise a^^ainsl 
the Usury Laws, " f.ife of John Thorapson," 
anil n treatise on Kmi::r.iiion, 1814. 

Hay, JuiiN, poet unci journiilLst, b. Salem, 
In<l.. 8 IKt. 1819. B. U. IS.'iS. Son of Dr. 
C'h^irlcs, who comes of :i family of Kv. pion'vrs, 
niKl of Helen I^onjml of Hrlstol. K.(. SttKlieU 
law In Sprin;;liel<l. III., with Lo;;an & Il.ir : im- 
nKilimoly on Ikipj; mlm. to the bar, nceomp. 
Pre-s. Lincoln to \Va>hin;;ton (1861). n'm.iin- 
in'i with him almo-t ninstantly until his <!.. tirst 
a.s a»:<ist. sec., and after^va^ls :is adj. anil aiUonlc- 
camp; 8cr»'e<l some months nnderGens. Hunter 
and Gillmore, attaiuinu' the rank of i-ol. and 
assist, adj.-;,^.'!!. ; sec. of Ui^ition at Paris IS65- 
7: rl„tnjtr,r(irriiii-> M Vionna 1867-8; see. of 
lei^tion at Madrid I86'J-70; and since Nov. 
1870 has Ikth a.ssoc. editoriiillv with the .Y. i'. 
Tri'miir. Ills piin-nts have resided in Warsaw, 
111., since 1841. Three bros. and two bn>s.-in- 
l.iw were ollieers in the war for the Union. He 
111- pub. (J. U. ()s;^wil & Co.) " Pike County 
B.illads," anil "Co-stilian Days," studies of 
Siiuiiish life niul ihanieter. 

Hayes, Arocsri's Allen, M.D., chemist, 
h. Wiud-or, Vt., Kb. a-«, I,*I6. Milit. Aead., 
Nuinieh, Vt., 18:2.1. II • studiitl chemistry un- 
der Dr. J. F. D.ina. In 1 82 j he di.s<-o\vn.il the 
or;r:iiiie alkaloid s«n;;iiinariii, remark:iblc for 
the brilli.int colors of its salts. In 1 8i7, while 
as^ist. prof, of ehomi.-try in the X.ll. Moil. Coll., 
he invcstipited the coin|>ounds of chromium; 
and his pajx'r on this snlijeet, rcpub. in Europe 
in 18i8, attnieted iniieh attention. Since 1828 
Dr. Haves has rosi led in Boston and vicinity, 
sustainmi; successively the |)Osts of director of 
an extensive manuf. o^ colors and chemieal [irwl- 
uets at Koxbury, Ms. : of con-ultin;jcliemi-t or 
director of soiu ■ of the most important ilvi in;r, 
bleaching, jr.vs, iron and copper smeltin;; eslab- 
lishinents in N. Enj;land ; and Stat.- as»ayer of 
Ms. In I8.'i7 hLs investii^iitioiis upon theivonom- 
i-al ^.t'licration of steam, and the Relative value of 
fuels, led in 1838 toane\vamim??inentofsteam 
boilers, now in general use. II _• has also made 
ini|«>rlant improvements in retining iron and 
cop|>er. Am 'U;; his important n-sean-li 's arv 
those in rLlatiim to the chemieal ilivomiio>ition 
of idcohol, uiH)n th- action of aU-ohol ii|)on the 
human system, and a memoir on the chemieal 
n'"iun of soa-waters, undertaken under a com- 
mioiiin from the navy dept. to examine and ri'- 
[-■■•■ .m the snbiect of co]i|H.Tanilcop|)or sheath- 
- applied in the construction of national 
He has contrib. to the Pnxx-cd- 
1 _ 'if sevor.d stientitic liodies, the .Imininl 
<,i' S.-irnrr, and the .limiiii/ of Scimtijk Di»- 

l-UIV 11/. 

Hayes, Isaac I., explnror, b. Chesttr Co., 
Pa. 18.12. Ml) (U. of P« ) IS-M. In this 
year he aceomi>. Dr. Kane's ex|>ed., which, 
after great sutferini;. returneil in the fall of 
18.i5. His "Arctic Boat Jonmcy " (Boston, 
H6<^) namitC8 this expe<l. In 1860 he le<l a 
sicond cxped. to the arctic regions, and re- 
turned iu the autumn of 1S61. His siorv. 



" Cael awBT in the Cold," first appeared in 

O.I.- You,,., 'r.A; — n„„„„. 

Hayes, Ki'thkrfoiid Birchaiid, b. DeU 

ware, I ».. t let. 4. 1822. Ken. Coll. 1842 ; Canib- 
l«iw .Si-hool, I !S4 5. He practised law at Cinein- 
n.ili, where he was city so!ie. I8j.'*-61: wasmaj. 
and ulterwunls col. 2.'td < Ihio tvgt., >»T\ing in 
U'. Va. ; was wounded at Siuth Mountain ; 
25 Dec. 1862 to Sipt. lSi;4 if.in. the 1st liii-. 
Kenawha division; I'-d this div.. and w!i« niM.le 
brig-gen.Oct. 19.1864. for Win. ' - - • ' •; 
Hill, ami Ciilar Cixik ; and. 1.1 M 
niaj-;:\n. ; M.C. 1865-8; gov.ol ' ' 

Hayne, Autihr p.,s<^iiiiier..i,., -. ,..-,,, 

h. Charii-ston, S.(^., March 12, 17'jO; il. there 
7 Jan. 1867. Grand-nejihew of Col. Isaac, bro. 
of Robert Y. He received a good iducatioD, 
and entered a counting-house, but joined tlie 
armv in the war of 1812; was 1st lieut. ot 
i^aefcett's Harbor; maj. of cavalr}- on the St. 
Lawrence ; insp.-gtn. in the I'rivk Nation ; 
and was nt the storming of Pensaeola and the 
battle of X.Orleans. He was iu com. of the 
Tcnn. vols, in the Fla. war. hut rvtirvd from 
the army in 1 820. He was adm. to the bar in 
Pa; sultsequently sencd in theS.C. legisl.; and 
in 1858 was app. U.S. senator. 

Hayne, Col. Isaac. Uevol. patriot, b. S.C. 
1745 : d. Charleston. S.C, 4 Aug. 1781. He 
ni. in 1 765, and Ix-camc a planter of large pos- 
sessions in the dist. of Beaufort and Colleton, 
and a proprietor of extensive ironworks in Vol k 
dist.. afterward dotmyed by the British. Caj.t- 
of art. in 1 780. and State senator. Mtule prison- 
er at the capturi' of Charleston 12 May, 1780. he 
rctumtti home, en^'ngiiig not to l»ear anns 
Ordered early in 1781 to take amis as a Brit- 
ish sul'jtvt, or R pair to Charleston as a pri-oner, 
his wife and childri'n l»in_- at tli liin .1 .m . r. 
ously sick with small-iKi\ 
where, iu violation of In 

R'quireil to take arras in I 

Govt , or lie subjccteil to iK. , iu:i:iu..mi.ii!. i )u 
iK-ing iissurcil that he would not be R\iuiiv»' 
to bear arms against his I'liuntiy. he signwl a 
drl. of allegiance to the king. ' He hastened 
home only to find his wifeexjiiring, and one of 
hisehiUlR-n dead. -\lurtliesuci''«s, ; ..f Cro ne 
had left to the Briti-h nothing I • 
Havnc was snmmoii'd to R-ia 
to the British stamlanl Tins 
tion of hi- ' ' i.a-- 

inghini ir - uce on 

his p.art, ' .■.•: was 

commisjiiiii. ., .■, luiii.ia, ii;ii ui ..m* . 1781, 

captURxl Gen. Williinison. a Scotchman who 
had gone over to th,' British. Hayne was M>in 
aller cajituR-d. and i-onfini.il in Charleston un'il 
the arnval of Ixinl Uawdon. the British com- 
mander. Condemned by a omrt of inquiry 
to be hamuli, the citizens and ladies of < harle*- 
ton unitnl in ]x'titioning for his jianlon : but 
Rawdon and Balfour weR' inexorable; and a 
R'siiitc of 48 hours only was allowed him in 
whuh to s»« and take leave of his childR-n. 
This unjust and mcR-iless execution gR'atIv ex- 
asptTatiil the -Vinericatis. The conduct of Itaw- 
diin and Balfour exeitoi the gniiti-^t indig- 
nation : and Gen. Grvuc is.«niil a pnnlamatjon, 
Aug. 26. announcing his determination to make 
R'prisal*. The (ubjecl was discussed in the 



H-^Y 



421 



ELA.Y 



BritUh Parliament. — See Lord Raiction's pum- 
p/iUt injitsti/ictUtou o^hls conduct, and a criticism 
upon it in the Southern Review for Feb. 1 828 ; 
aJso Lee's Memoirs, ii. 252-74 ; RantAiy, i. 
453-60. 

Hayne, Pacl If., ix>ct. nephew of Gov. R. 
Y. Hayiic, b. Charleston, S.C., Jan 1, 1S.3I. 
Son of Lieut. II. of the navv. He was educat- 
ed in Charleston, and has been a fivqucnt coii- 
tribulor to the Soiit/i. Lit. .Uessew/er and other 
periodicals. He was editor of the C/uirieslon 
Lii. Gazitte, was connecte*! with the Evening 
Am'.-', and, since the lK'g:iiinin{; of 1857, princi- 
p.>l alitor of Ru'se'i'.i Miii]tt:iiie. A vol. of 
his poems was i,;sued in Boston in 1854, a 2d 
in X.Y. 1857, and a 3d, entitled " Avolio and 
oilier Poi ms," in Dec. 1859. His louf^st poem 
is entitk-<l " The Temptation of Venus, a 
Monkish Legend." 

Hayne, Kobert Yolxo, statesman, b. 
near ('"liarleston, Xov. 10, 1791 ; d. Ashevillc, 
N.C., Sept. 24, 1839. Grand-nephew of Col. 
Is,iac Haviie. With hut a limited edHcaiion, 
at the a^e of 17 he entered the law-office of 
Lau^rdon Cheves, and was adni. to the bar in 
1812. Upon the election of Mr. Cheves to 
Con;;n'ss, he succeeded to his large praeiice. 
He was in Oct. 1814 chosen a member of the 
Icgisl., where ho distin^. hiniselfas»nablcdel>at- 
er; became speaker in I81S, and, a few months 
hitcr.atty.-^cn.of S.C. ; U.S.^enalor in 1S2.J- 
32, distin;:. himself b_v his speeches on numer- 
ous occasions, particnlarly in the tariff dis- 
cussions, as the uncompromislnj; opponent of 
tlie protective system ; and. as chainnan of ihe 
com. on naval atfairs, displayed ailmlni^trativc 
aliilltlcsola high order. In a powerful speech 
»n the tariff in 1S24, he first took the frronnd 
that Congress had not the constitutional ri;;ht 
to iin|K)se duties on imports lor the purpose 
of proieetinj; domestic manufactures. In a 
speech on Mr. Clay's resolution, he was the first 
to declare and defend in Congress the right of 
a State under the federal compact to nrrcst the 
operation of a law wliii h she considered un- 
constitutional. This doctrine led to the cele- 
brated debate between Mr. Webster and him- 
self, in which the eloquence aiul argumenta- 
tive power* of both statesmen were displayed 
to their fullest cNtent. His course in the 
senate rendered him exceedingly popular at 
home; and he was a member of the eoiiven- 
lion convoked by the legisl. (Xov. 24, 1832) 
for the purpose of reviewing the obnoxious 
tariff acts of Congress. The celebrated ordl- 
ance of nullificaiion, the result of tlieir labors, 
was reported to that boily by Mr. Hayne as 
chairman of the com. to which the subject had 
been relcrrcd. In Dec. he was elected gov. of 
the State, and resigned his seat in the senate. 
Pres. Jackson issued a proclamation, denoun- 
cing these proceedings of S.C. : but Gov. Hayne 
stood firm; and S C. prepared for armed re- 
sistance. The ihreateneil danger was arrested 
by the passage in Congress of a compromise 
act. In 18-')4 he was elected mayor of Cha' les- 
ion ; in 1837 pres. of the Charleston, Louis- 
ville, and Cincinnati ISailroad Co. Besides 
his able and eloquent speeches in the senate, 
he was the author of the pa|X'is in the old South- 
tni Riritic on improvemen* of the navy, and 



the vindication of his relative, Col Hayne. — 
See L.ife and Sfieeches of R. Y. llai/ne, 1 845. 

HayneS, Jons, statesman, h. Copford 
Hall, Essex, Eng. ; d. Mar. 1, 1654. He ar- 
rived, 3 Sept., 1633, in Boston with Rev. Mr 
Hooker ; was in 1634 and 1636 an assist., and 
in 1635 gov. of Ms. In 1637 he was prominent 
among the founders of Ct. ; was chosen its 
first gov. in 16.39, and every alternate year 
afterward till his death. He was one of the 
five who in 1038 drew up a written ronsiituiion 
for the Colony, the first ever formed in Amer., 
and which embodies the main points of all our 
subsequent State constitutions and of the Keil- 
eriil Constitution. Bam loit speaks of hiin as a 
man " of large estate, and larger affections; of 
heavenly mind, ami spotless lite; of rare saga- 
city, and accniate hut uiiassuining judgment ; 
by nuiure tolerant, and a triend to freedom ; an 
able legislator ; and dear to the people by his 
benevolent virtues and his disinterested con- 
duct." Few, if any, did as ranch as he for the 
true interests of the Colony of Ct. He was 
one of the best educated of the early settlers 
of this country. His son Joskpii w.as the 
minister of the First Church In Hartford from 
1664 to his d., May 24, 1679, a. 38. H.U. 
1658. ■ 

Haynes, Lemuel, a colored preacher, b. 
W. Hurtloid, Ct., Julv 18, 1753 ; d. Granville, 
X. Y , 28 Sept. 1 m-i. His father was black, and 
his mother was white. He was well treated, 
and carefully instructed by his ma-ter in re- 
ligion ; was a faithful servant; and superin- 
tended most of his master's business. In 1774 
he enlisted as, a minute-man; in 1775 joined 
the army at Roxbury ; in 1776 was a vol. in 
the exped. to Ticonderoga, after which he le- 
turned to Granville, where he lahoreil on a 
farm. Evening after evening he plied his 
studles by firelight, having laid in a store nf 
pine-knots for that purpo.se. In 1780 he was 
licensed, and preacheil 5 years in Granville; 
was Old. in 1785 ; preached 2 years in Torring- 
ford ; was then called to a parish in Rutland, 
where he continued 30 years ; and afterward 
lahoivd in Manchester and in Granville, N.Y., 
from 1822 till his death. A Memoir of hira 
has hoen published by Kev. Dr. Cooley. 

Hays, ALF.XANDiiR, brev. maj.-gen. vol.-., 
b. Pittsburg, Pa., 1820 ; killed in battle of 
Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864. West Point, 
1844. Entering the 4th Inf., he was brev. 1st 
lieui. for gallantry at Palo Alto and Re>.icade 
la Palma ; was acting assist, adj. -gen. to Gen. 
Lane.anddisting. under him ; resigned Apr. 12, 
1848, and became an iron manuf. at Venango, 
Pa. May 14, 1861, he was app capt. 16th 
Inf ; became col. 63d Pa. vols., and brig. -gen. . 
Sept. 29, 1862. lie gallantly participated in 
the battles of Seven Pines and Fair Oaks; 
brev. maj. May 31, 1862; disting. binistlf in 
the seven-days' con tests : andjunc.30was brev. 
lieut.-col. for gallantry at Glendale and Mal- 
vern Hill; severely wounded at Manasass 
Aug. 30 : wounded and made prisoner at the 
battle of Chancellorsville, May 2, 186 ) ; at the 
battle of Gettysburg, he com. the 3cl divis- 
ion of his corps ; and, when Hancock was 
wounded, was temporarily its com. lie led his 
division at Auburn, Brietow's Station, and 



HAY 



422 



Sl'mo Rim. Hi< Inst com. w»< tin- 2J lirijnl". 
.1(1 ilicisioii. of IIiin<-o<'k'> (Jil) rorix ; bn-r. <-<>l. 
for (.ivitysliiin; ; lircr. m.ij.->.'cn vnU. 5 Miiy, 
1864. fur hriiileol \ViMfrni-«s. 

Hays, Uwc. Ml). I., riiiio. iros. r. of 

Ph ISI6 .\l.l). 1C20. K.lifor of Wilson'* 
•• A'n.T. Oniirlioo^'v." 8io. 1828: Hoblyn's 
" Me<l. I>ii I '■ l."H6; •' Liwn-iicc on llic K«c." 
8vo, IS*;; Arii.'tl'> •• rin«ios." 8vo. 1848; 
the Aiiier .Inir. n^'Mnl. Sn'mcr from its cora- 
nirm-i'iii Mt ill l^iT III till.' prcsont lime; Pli.'la. 
.I.Hir. „i'M.,l. n.ul fVi-is.. vol. 4 ; nnil i-oiilrilw. 
to TniiH. A'lU-r. I'hij. Sor. — AHiImk. 

Hays, Jacob. Iiijrh iimm.iblf of N'.Y for 
iicurly liil viMirs, ami one of the most efficient 
poliee-ollieers ever known , b. New KiHlielle. 
X.Y.. in 17T2; il. N.Y June 21, 1850. He 
ixviveil an iiyipt. in tlio cilr |>olire in 1801, 
anil was several years set^iint-al-«nns of the 
Imaril of iililermen, ami crier of tlie Court of 
Si-s<ion«. It is sniil ilifli he never top.-ot the 
eoiinti'iiiinoe of any one to whom his a'tention 
hail iK-en diriTteil. 

Hays, William Jacob, painter, iininiUon 
of J:i.ol. Il:iys. 1,. N V. in l^^.•)0. He stmlieil 
draniiii: with John HiiIk'Us Smith, niiil in I8.i0 
exhiliili'il his Hrst pielure, '• Do;."* in a Kielil," 
at the Nat. Aca.I. of l)i->i-n. Mis " Hen.l of 
a Bnllilo;;." painteil i<i|l •<.52, attnieted consiiler- 
able ntteniion ; and in the »>aine year he was 
electeil an associate of theaead. Stone of his 
pictures of do-rs and (.'ame-Mrds have t>evn 
enjrraved. His " Setters ami G.ime." " Herd 
on the Move," " The Stam|)ede," " Stnnvlier- 
rics," and " Flowers," anil " Noah's Head." 
are anions his licst pieces. With theexcepiion 
of a ti-w tniit-pieci-'s, h- hn painte>l almost ex- 
clusively aniinuls. His pieces are carefully 
clalMiraied. 

Hayward, Geokck. M.D. (U of Ha. 

1*121. I'liv-ii'ian and sur;;con of Boston, b. 
Mar. 9. 1791 ; d. Hot. 7, 186.1. H V. 1809. 
Son of Dr. I-einuel : prof, clinienl surp-rv 
H.U., 1.8MJ-49; pivs. Ms. M.-.I. SiH-iety ; mem- 
ber of the .\eail of Alls anil Siienees. Aiillior 
of •• ( tnilims ol riiy-ioloiy." 18.-14 ; " Surcieal 
Re|H>rts and .Mi-c.'l'a|KTS," 12ini>, 18.5.S. 

Hayward, Jons. b. Jan. 1781 : d Boston, 
Oct. l:!. 18G9. Has pub. " Viewofthe V S.." 
8vo. 18.1.T; " Reli-ioiis Creeds," 12mo, 18.17 ; 
"N. Kn.'. Gaielli-or," 8vo, I8.-19; 'Book of 
Relipons," I2mo, 1842; " I'. S. OazettoT," 
8vo. 181.1: •• (iaiettet^rs of Ms., X. H, and 
Vt.. ■ 1849. 

Hayward, Lemi-kl. M.D., phvsician, b. 
Brainlnv. .\|s , Mar. 22. 1749; d.' Mar. 20, 
ISu'l. III". 1768. In 1769 he came to Boston, 
and siiidii'd under Dr. Jnseph Wa ren. Estab- 
lishini; himself at J.imaiea Plain, he soon ac- 
qiiireit a lucrative praeiiee. In June, 1775, he 
was app a siinieon in the army. Heremovol 
to Boston in 178.1, and, nnliT his withdrawal 
to theiviintrr in 1798, had a very considerable 
praelic-e. — i'liivhrr. 

Hayward. X.sTiiAxiEt., inventor and 
mannf.. I.. Ka-ton, Ci., ISOS; d. Colchester, 
Ci . July 18, 1865. In 18.17 h- discovend the 
proe»-s« of i-ombinins rulilier-LMiin with snlphtir, 
thelK-yinninjt of thesiieeessliil manuf.of niblier- 
cloth. He sold this disooviry to Charles Good- 
Tear in 1819, who |>aienied it. In 18«1 he in- 



veniiil ihe pnxTss of viileanizins; ruMier, and 
in thai year made ilie first sliixs made from 
she»-t-n)!ilKr at Wolmm. He sonn after dis- 
covereil a inrilio<l for L'lvinjr tli.m a hii;li Jioli-li; 
and in 1847 esMbli-lK-d the Hayward Ituhber 
Co. at Colehei.tir. H- was active in works of 
beni'volenec and iirility. 

Hayward, Thomas. Jun., a si^erof the 
Deri, of Ind.p.. Il St. Luke's Parish. S C, 
1746: d. .March, 1S09. Son of Col. Daniel, 
a wealthy planter. Sludiiil law at the Teni| lo 
in Lonilon ; s|>enl some years in a tour of 
Europi'; and on his return m a Miss Mat- 
thews, and comineneed practice. He was an 
early opponent of British oppn-ssion, a K'ader 
of the Kevol. movements in South Cunjlina, 
and a member of the tirst Gen. AsseiiiMy 
orijnniied alter the ainlicaiion of the <-olonial 
cov., as well as of the lirst emu. of safety 
there: was a delegate lo ConiTess from I7T5 
to 1778, when he was ap)>ointed jud;;e ol Ihe 
Criminal and Civil Court of S.C. He also held 
a military com ; was in active serrice, and in a 
skirmish at Beaufort in 1780 PTeivi-d a ;;uii- 
shot wound, the mark of which he bore for 
life. He was eaptnnsl ul Chnrlesion, .May 12, 
1780; was one year a prisoner at St. Aupns- 
line. He resumeil his judicial diiiies in 1781 ; 
was ele> teil lo the conveniion n hieh I'ninusI ihc 
consiiyiitii.n of the State in 1790; and in 1799 
relinsl tn.m public life. 

Haywood, Joiix, jurist, of Halifax Co., 
JJ C Siuie any. ^n. 1791-4; jiidjT of Ihc 
Superior Court, 1794-18<K); earlii-st rriiorter 
of the decisions of the X. C. Conn He n- 
inoviil to Tenn. ab. 1810. Author of " A 
Manual of the Laws of N.C.," 8vo, Ralei::h, 
1801 ; •• llavw.HHl's Jnsiii-e ; " " X. Carol. Ki- 
ports," 1789-1806 ; " Public Acts of X.C. and 
Tenn ." Xashvil e,4to, 1810; "Tenn. Kej«>rl4, 
1816-18." 1 vols. 8vo, 1818 : - Siaiiite Ijiws of 
Tenn." (with R. L. Colilw), 8vo, 18.11 ; 'Xai- 
ur.il lli-i of Tenn," 8>o. 1821; and "Civil 
Hi-I of lenn ,'■ 8vo. 1821. — 11'*.^ /-r. 

Hazard, Ebenezkr. I'.S. |K>simasnT-'_'cn. 
1782-9, b. Phila. 1745; d. there June II, 1817. 
X. J. Coll. 1762. He pub. " Historical Collec- 
tions," 2 vols. 4IO, I79'.'-4: and " Remarks on 
a Repiri Concemin:: Western Indians." 

Hazard, H<>wl>m> Gibson, b. So. Kings- 
ton, It 1 , 1801 AM. of BT. 1845 An 
extensive manuf. at IVai-eilale, R.I. Author 
of " LaUL-uaire, its Coiineetion wiih the Con- 
stitution and Prospects of Man," Pnir I8.1G ; 
"Two U'llers on Causation," &c.. 1869. He 
hn* alx) pub. several |>amphle(s (1841-9) upon 
Public SrbiHds. Railroads, Su-. 

Hazard, Samcel. archir<do<;is|. h Phila. 
May 26, I7S4: d there 22 May, 1870. Sun 
of klo'ncFer. His carlv life was sfient in mer 
caniile and eommervial pursuits; and bo had 
miide several voyages to the Indies before he 
K-pin his hierarv career. Authorof" Register 
of Pennsylv ," ■i828-.16, 16 vols. 8vo ; " U. S. 
Commercial and Slalisiical Register." 1819-42, 
6 vols. 8vo: •• Annals of Pa , 1609-82." 8vo, 
18.'M1; •• Pennsvlv Archives," 1682-1790, II 
vol- and index' 18.5-1. 

Hazard, Samiel F.capl. U.S.X., h. Xew. 
pon. K.I.. isil: d. there 16 Jan. IS67. Son of 
Xathl. (M.C. 1819-21 ; d Wu-sluujjton 17 IX-o 



423 



HEA 



IS»1). Midshipm. 1 Jan. 1823; liciit. 9 Fob. 
lS:r; io;ii. 14 Sept. ISrio; capt. 16 Jah", 1862. 
A.-ijiiTvit at t!ic capture of Tabivsoo in tlie Mex. 
war; oun. W Gulf block. squjK" 16G2; stcam- 
i\o~'y> "Oa ilia." 1863. 

Hazard, Thom.is R., of Vauduse, R.I., 
b. boutli KiuL'sion, 1784; bro. of R. G. H. 
Autiior HI " Facts for the Laboiin;; Man," 1840 ; 
esjay ou " Capital I'unisliuieiit," 1850 ; " Re- 
port on ilie FooraiiJ Insane of the State," IS.iO; 
•• llandlxiok of tlie Anierican Party,'' 1S56; 
" Aiipeal to the People of R.I.," 8vo, IS.'i". — 
-•1* '■'«;•. 

Hazelius. Ebxest Lewis, D.D. ( Col. Coll. 
18J4), LiitlK-ran pastor; (1.1.^53. Prof. Theol. 
S<:ii., I.oxin''ton, S.C. Author of " Lite of 
Lmhjr," X.Y. 1313 ; " Life of Stilling," 1831 ; 
" Aa.^jsburg Confession, with Annotations ; " 
lu-aiiili's/ies J/tK/rtnn, 1831; "Materials for 
C.itechisation." 1823; "Church History," 4 
vols. ; " Ilijtory of the Lutheran Church in 
America." 1346. 

Hazen, Moses, brijr.-gen. Rcvol. annv, b. 
I la^ erhiil, Ms., 1 733 ; d. Troy, N. Y., 3 Feb. 1803. 
A iieut; in the exiwds. against Crown Point 
i:i 1 756, and Louisburg in 1 753 ; accorap. AVolfe 
to Quebec in 1759, and distin^. himself near 
that ciiv in an afUur with the French, and in 
tile battle of Sillery, 28 April. 1 760. He was 
ro>varded for his services with a lientenanev 
(44£!i Foot) in Feb. 1761. Ho was on half-p.ay 
in the British army, and w;is a man of wealth, 
resi;lin.:j near ^t. John wluu the Kevol. war 
broke oat, and furnished supplies, and rendered 
other ;ud, to the army of Montgomery in his 
cxpcd. against Quebec. His property was de- 
stroyed by the Biitish ; and. besides indemnity 
therefor. Congress, in Jan. 1776, a|)p. hira col. 
of the 2d Canadian regt. known as " Congress's 
Ov.!i." He w;is in the battles of Brand>-wine 
and Germantown, and performed efficient ser- 
vioe daring the whole war. Made brig.-gen. 29 
Juno, 1781. After the war. Gen. Ha^en and his 
two bros., both of whom held commands in the 
army, emig. to Vt., and located there ; the land 
granted for valuable services. He al'terward 
settled at Albany. 

Hazen, Willum B.vncocK, brev. maj.- 
gen. U..S.A., b. West Hartford, Vt., Sept. 27, 
U'.iii. West Point, 1855. A descendant of Gen. 
Jlo^es Ilazeu. His parents removed to Huron, 
PortaL"- Co., O., in 1833. The sons and a 
gi mdson were officers in the Union anny. En- 
t.'ring the 8th Inf., he served with the 4th 
a.-iin>t Indians in California and Oregon 
ii 1853-7. In April, 1857, he joined the 8th in 
Texas : com. successfully in live tights, until, in 
I ) T. 1 859, in a hand-to-hand contest with the Co- 
in inch 'S, he was severely wounded, and was 
upon four occasions complimented in General 
Ordors. In Fob. 1861 he was app. assist, prof 
inf. la-tics at \V. Point; 1st lieut. Apr. 6, 1861 ; 
Jliy 14, 1861, he was made capt. Taking com. 
of the 41st Ohio regt., he joined, in Dee. 1861, 
Ih ■ force at I/Ouisville under Gen. Euell ; Jan. 
6, 1802, he tix)k com. of the 19th Brigade. At 
the battle of Shiloh he acted a conspicuous part ; 
was wirli Halli'ck iu the operations at Corinth; 
in Buell's campaign in Northern Mpi. and Ala ; 
drove the rebels from Danville, ivy., Oct. 12, 
1 862 ; and took an important part in the battle 



of Stone River, protecting the left of tlie army 
from being turne«l nmler simultaneous attacks 
in front and fl.ank ; brig.-gon. Xov. 20. 1862; 
com. a brigade in the opi'rations which n-sulted 
in the battle of Chickaniauga ; and " by an ad- 
mirably-executed niiip," on tliemoniingof Oct. 
27, at Bro\vn's Ferry, deprived the rebels of the 
fniits of that battle, and enabled the army at 
Chattanooga to receive its supplies at Bridge- 
port. At Mission. Hidgehe took 18 pieces of 
art. He served through the Atlanta camp ligii ; 
and, in Sherman's march to the sea, com. the 
2d div. Ijih coqis, wi:li which he assaulted and 
captured Fort -McAllister, Doc, 13. 1864, for 
which he was proiuuicd ; and May 19, 1865, 
was app. to co:n. the 15th corps;' maj -gen. 
vols. 13 Dec. 1S64; engaged at Bentonville 21 
Mar. 1865, and in the operations ending wit'i 
Johnston's surrender. Brev. maj. tor Chicku- 
mauga, licut.-col. for Chattanooga, col. for cai>- 
ture of Atlanta brig.-gen. for captiirc of Ft. Mc- 
Aiiistcr, and maj.-gen. U.S.A. 13 5Iar. 1865. 
Co!. 6th Inf 28 July, 1866. — A*eiV/'s Oliio in tlie 
lf»r. 

Head, Sir Edmuxd AV.vlker. gov.-gcn. 
of Canada 1854-61, b. Maidstone, Kent, Eng., 
1305; d. Lond. Jan. 28, 1868. Son of Rev. 
Sir John Heail, whom he succeeded in the b.ar- 
onctcy in 1 838. Educated at Winchester and 
Oxford, lioeoming a fellow of Jlerton Coll. in 
1 830 ; and was 5 years a tutor there. He was 
a poor-law eomraissiouer ; in 1847-54 was gov. 
of New Brunswick ; was in 1 863 made a ciril- 
sorviee coniinissioner ; and in 1857 was made 
a privy councUlor. His writings arc " Shall 
and U'ill," a discussion of the controversy in 
grammar; "A Handbook of Spanish Paint- 
ing ; " and " The Temple of Serapis at Foz- 
ziioli." 

Head, Sir Fr.vx-cis BosD,an English au- 
thor, b. near Rochester, Kent, 1 Jan. 1793. 
While an otiicer of engineers, he received from 
a mining-company an invitation to explore the 
gold and silver mines of S. iVmerica b-.-rwa.n 
Buenos Ayres and the Andes. Uc anived in 
Buenos Ayies in 1825, and accomplished the 
work in a shon time. His " Rough Notes" 
pub. after his return to Eng., give a gr;'.;jhic 
description of his exiK-d. In Nov. 1S35, he 
was app. gov. of Up|>or Canada. His inju- 
dicious measures resulted in an insurrection, 
which he kept iu chock until his resignation in 
Slarch, IS38. but which was not quelled until 
the arrival of his successor. Sir George Arthur. 
Created a baronet in IS38. After his retuni 
home, he pub. a narrative in justilieation of the 
measures ho had taken against the insurgents. 
lie is widely known as an author by liis " Bubbles 
from the Brnnnen of Nassau." " I.,ife of Bruce," 
"Fagot of French Sticks." and "Fortnight in 
Irelimd." His bro.,Sir Gijorce He.vd (1782- 
May 2, 1855), an otiicer of the Peninsular war, 
is best known as an author by his " Forest 
Scenes and Incidents in the Wilds of North 
America." 1829. He was sent to Lake Huron 
in 1814 to superintend the commissariat duties 
of a propt)suiI naval establishment on the Cana- 
dian lakes. 

Headley, Joel Tyler, author, 1>. W.al- 
ton, Del. Co., N.Y., Dec. .30, 1814. I'n. Col. 
1839. He studied at Auburn Theol. Sein ; wat 



424 



HEC 



lici'iiscil to pn-acli in N.Y.; iiiid was two yenra 
a px'tor lit Sl(K-kliriil'?<, Ms. Coiniicllol I)y ill 
health to nlmiidun hi^ pniri'ssioii.liotravi-llctl in 
Knniinin IK4J-.'), ami on hih iftum piih. " Lct- 
tci> l'n>Mi Italy " anil " The Alps and the 
Rhine " (N.V. 1845). He hiu* puh. " Xaix.U-on 
and liis Miin-lml.-." N.Y., 1840; " Siu.ri'd .Moun- 
tains; " •• \Vashin;;ton and his Genirals," 1847; 
Lives of C'ronnvill. Wintielil Scott, Jaek.son, 
and Wa-'hin^rton ; "Adirondack, or Life in the 
Woods," \9VJ; ■•The Ini|)eri:il Ciuard of Na- 
poleon from Mari'njro to Waterloo," 1S52, 
fonnderl on the work of K. M de St. Hilaire; 
" A History of the Second Wnr betwirn Kiij;. 
and the U.S.," It^j't; " Sacri-d Scenes and 
Characters ; " " Life of (i'-n. Ilaveloek," ISriS ; 
" The Chaplains and Clerj.'V of l!ie Hevolii- 
tion," I8i'il. A uniform edition of his works 
w;is puh. in 12 vols. Mr. H. re.-idcs near New- 
bnrj:, on the Hudson. In 1854 he was a repn^ 
scntative in the X.Y. Ie;,'isl., and in 1856-7 was 
sec. of I hat .State. 

Heodley, iftv. I'niNE.ts C.*jip, bro. of 

J. T., li. Walton, N.Y.. .June 24, 1819. Author 
of " Women of the Uible," 1 S.'iO ; " Life of Jo- 
sephine," 18.')(i; "Life of Lafavctte," 185.5; 
"Life of Kossuih." 1832; " Lilc of Mar)-, 
Queen of Scots," 1 vjft ; and a " Series of Boys' 
Lives of Hemes of the War." Contrib. to pe- 
riodicals. — AlliUmr. 

Healy, (.iiionr.K Petkr Ai.kxanper, 
painter, h. Boston, l.i July, 181."). He bepin 
paintin;; in Boston in 1*31 : went to I'aris in 
18.14; remained there Pever.il years; and has 
since 1 8.5.1 resi led in Cliiea;;o! Anion-; the 
portraits executiil by him abroad are Louis 
Philiiiiv, Mar>hal s'oull. Gen. C-.uss, &c. At 
home he h '.s painted, anion;,' othirs, Calhoun, 
Webster, I'ieree, and lliichanan. His histori- 
cal pictuR', " Wibster's Reply to Hayne," com- 
pleted in 1851. adonis Faiienil Hall in Boston. 
At the Gnat I'aris Kxhibition in 1 835, he ex- 
hibiietl a series of 1.3 ponraits, anil a lar;.'C pic- 
turj' representing; Franklin urfrinj; the claims 
of the American Colonies ln'foR- lA>uis XVL, 
for which he rweived a medal of the 2d class. 

Hearne, S.vmi i;l. an KM;;llsh traveller, 
b. L< iiilon. 1745; d 1792. A iiiid-hipman in 
the navy in 1750-6.3; he afterward entered the 
service of the Hudson's Bay Co., for whom in 
1768-711 he made three voyajres of exploration 
ill the north-west. July 15, 1771, hebeiran his 
snrvcy of the Coppermine River, which he 
reached after a journey on foot of nearly l,.3O0 
miles ; proceeded as far as the Slave Lake, en- 
counierinu L-reat hardships, and June .30, 1772, 
nrrive<l at Prince of Wales Kon, after suffer- 
in;: severely from famine. He supposed that 
in this journey he had renchi-d the northern 
shore ol N America, and stood on the Iwrders 
of the " HyiierlKirenn Sea." He received the 
thanks ol the II. B Co., and a handsome 
tratuity ; crahli hi-<l Camlwrbiiid Factory in 
the interi'vin 1774: l>eeniiie l'"V. of the Prince 
of Wales Fort in 1775. and was made prisoner 
n!ion i s capture by I. a Penuise in 1782; re- 
tnrnin;; to Eui: in 1787. After h^ death, his 
".loiirney from the Prince of Wales Fort in 
Hud:-on's Bay to the Northern Ocean," with a 
preface n'fuiinir ihc charges of Dalrymple as 
to the corrcetncss of his latitudes, was pub., 



4to, 1793. Henrne was a man of profound 
ob-ervation, of a U'luvolent find enli;;hiene<l 
mind, and of cri'al c">ura;.'e and perseverance. 

Heath, Lvutx, vo<-alisl and liallad-com- 
tK>»cr, h. Bow, N.H , 24 Au;:. 1804 ; d. Nashua, 
N.H., .30 June, 1870. He tau;;hl mudie nnil 
(lave concerts fur 45 vcars, and was the author 
of " The Gnive of Ij.inaparle." " Buriul of 
Mrs Juilson," and otiier popular piecis. 

Heath, William, iiinj -;;en. Kevol. army, 
b. Roxl'ury, Mar. 2. 1737 ; il. there Jan. 24. 
1814. His faiher William, a farmer, occupied 
the estate seltled by his ancestor in 1636. 
Thou;,-li bred a larmer, he was fond of military 
exerci-es, and, joiiiin;; llie Ancient and lion. 
Art. Coni|«iny, was ma<le com. in 1770. lie 
hail liecn previously made a eapl. in the Suf- 
folk re^t., of which he was afterwnnls elected 
col. Ill 1770 he wrote sundry essays in « Bos- 
ton newspaper, signed " A Military Country- 
man," on the importani'c of niilit.iry discipline, 
and skill in the use of arms. He was ir repre- 
sentative in 1761 and 1771-4; was a member 
of ihe committees of corresp. and of safety; 
and a delegaie to llie Prov. Congrvss in 1774— 
5. He was app. a prov hrig. early in 1775; 
maj.-gcn. June 20; briji.-gen. on the continen- 
tal establishment June 22, 1775 ; ami maj.-gen. 
Aug. 9, 1776. He rendered great service in 
the pursuit of the British troo|>s from Con- 
coi-U, April 19, 1773, and in urganiziiig the rudo 
and uiidiseiplinird army around Boston ; and 
was stationed with his hri;.'ade at Roxbury. 
He was ordered to N.Y. in )Iar. 1776 ; opfHiscd 
the evacuation of that ciiy ; and, near ilie close 
of the year, was oidcn.il to lake com. of the 
posts ill the Highlands. In June, 1779, be 
was ordcreil to the com. on the Hudson. In 
July, 1780, he repaireil to R I. on the arrival 
ol ihe French lorecs, subsequeiiily rciirini; to 
the Highlands ; and at the close of llic war 
reluriieil lo his lunn. He was a memlier of 
the convention which raiilieil the Fcilcnil Con- 
siitution ; S'aic senator 1791-2. He wa^ a| p. 
judge of probate for Norfolk Co. in 1793; 
and in 1806 was chosen licul.-gov., but declined 
the office. He pub. in 1798 "Memoirs" 
written hv himself. 

Hebei-t, Pail O.. gen C.S.A., b. Liu 
^Ves.t Poiiii (first in his class), 1840. Fnier- 
ing the engineer-, he was ncii ig prof, of 
engineering at West Point in 1841-2 ; resigned 
in .Mar 1845 ; was chief engineer of the Stale 
of La. from 1845 lo 1847 ; re-entered the e«r- 
vicc as lieut.-rol. I4ili Inf.; was brev. col. for 
gallantry at Molino del Key; and com. his 
reu'l.. alter his col. was killed, at Chii|Millc|K«. 
Gov.ol La. 185.3-8. In 1861 he was nude iirig.- 
gen. in ihe Southern army. Ue com. the I.a. 
forcL'S, and was taken prisoner at iho Uittle of 
IVa Ridire, Mar. 9, 1862. 

Hecker, FmKi.Rtrii Karl Fravz, a Re- 
pul>. politician, l>. Lichlerslieiin, Bnd< n, Spi. 
28. 1811. He praelisC'l law in ManlKiin from 
1838 until eleeied to the second chmulKT of 
Baden in 1842. In (lie diet of 1846-7 lie; kcr 
op|>o9cd the liberal miiiisiry of Bekk ; joined 
the socialist Slriive ; anil iu the chanilM r was 
the leader of the extreme left ; meiulur of the 
Prov. Frankfort Parliament ; tixik part wiih 
Siruvc in the insurrection of April in ibe 



HEC 



425 



HEI 



«outb of Baden ; and after their defeat »t ICau- 
dern fl.d to Swiizcrland, where he established 
a dU-al journal, the VolL.freunJ. He came 
to AmerUa in Sept. 1848, and settled as a ann- 
e- in Bellevdle, 111. In 1836 he took an 
aeiive part in ;,ohtics hv delivering pubhc 
M.eeehe- in various parts of the Union in favor 
;'t l-reinoiir, and in the contest of I860 was an 
ardent supporter of Mr. Lincoln. Col. Ut 
German lil. re','t. in 1801. 

Hecker, Isaac Tiio.mas, clergyman, b. 
Ne^ Yo^k bee. 18, 1819. He was connected 
in business' there with his brothers who were 
e„..a"ed in milling and b.iking. He s,ient the 
summer of 184.3 with the Association at Brook 
rlum h. We,t Roxhury, Ms., and afterward 
joined the community known as the bon- 
iociate Family," at Fruitlands, ■" ^Voivester 
Co Ms Reuirning to N.\. in 184d, lie bc- 
cam'e a Rom. Cath., and after a novitiate at 
St Frond Belgium, was adm. to the order of 
n,e Most iloiv Redeemer in 1847. Ord. priest 
in Loud, bv Cardinal Wiseman, he passed 2 
vears in Eng. enga:;ed in missions; returned 
"o N Y in 1831, and during 7. years Wiis ein- 
ploved in missionary labors in various parts 
of "the U.S. Visiting Rome in ISo- he was 
released by the pope from his coniieeiion with 
he Redcmptori'sts, and in 1858 founded the 
new missionary society of St. Paul the Apostle. 
Author of "Questions ot the Soul, 18..^ 
and "Aspirations of Nature," 18o7. While 
Rome' he pub. ■"/'-/'-''" f"'»','-';!° 
„a»ers on " Catholicity in the U.S., which 
^v^e translated into several languages, and 
reprinted in America and Europe. — J/>/)'f/M. 
TTp^kwelder. John-," Mor.ivian mi sion- 
ar?b. BeTloicrEn.'., Mar. .2, 174.3 ; d. Beth- 
lehem Jan. 21, 1823. He became a preael ei 
nh^outh; c,mctoAiner.inl754; began his 
'."net-ilent labors in 1771 ; and re>nained over 
40 vears among the Indians ot Pa. He stud- 
ied carefullv their language, manners, and cus- 
toms, and, 'after an adventurous career, estab- 
Uhed himself at Bethlehem, one of the princi- 
U Moravian establishments in N. Amer. Il.s 
kuowled-e of the Delaware tongue caused his 
f,eqnent%mployment to "cco'npany paeifie 
missions among the Indians. In l,bi he ac 
"nip. Mr. I'olt in his exped to the Indian 
nZ on the Ohio. In 1797 he was sent to 
superintend the Indians on t le Muskingum. 
Becoming a member of the Pbilos. Soc. of 1 a., 
Ihev pub. in their " Transactions a Hist. 
of ihJ Manners and Customs of the Indian Na- 
^ons who formerly inhabited Pa. and the Neigh- 
borin.' States." Phila. 1819, repub. in France in 
i826 by I)u Ponceau, with the correspondence 
between hem, and a vocabulary of Indian lan- 
aua" es Author also of " A Narrative of the 
fcion of the United Brethren among the 
Delaware an-l Moh-gan Indians " Ph'la. 8vo, 

'''ledding,' k"^'^'^". «D- (A"«"^'" f-""- 

IH^if bi-w'M. E. Church, b. Poughkcepsie, 

He labored on a farm in early life ; was icensed 
to preach in Mar. 1800; ord. deacon in 1803, 
and bishop in 1824. His first app. was to Es- 
sex circui . He extended bis travels to Can^ 



da- became a member of the N.Y. Annual Ccnf. 
in 1801 ; and was app. to the Plattsburg circuit 
He was many vears presiding elder of a dis- 
trict, and was elected delegate to the hrst dele- 
gated gen. conf of the church held in N.Y. m 
1S1-' He was mainly instrumental m the es- 
tablishment of Zion-s Herald, at Boston, the 
fir,t .Meth. journal in the U.S. ; and be was 
a zealous laborer in the cause of education. In 
1848 he represented his church in the British 
conference. He wrote a tnan;'"; »'','''« ^'il^]- 
pline of the churcli. - LifibH O. WM.^^oi. 
Hedge, Frederic Hexet, D.U. (H.U. 
1832), clergyman and author, b. Cambrulge, 
Ms. Dec. 12, 1805. H U. 1825. Son oi Prof. 
Levi. In 1818 the son accomp. George Ban- 
croft to Germany, and there studied at llfcia 
and Schulpforte, returning home in 1 823. Al- 
ter 3 years' study in the theol. school he en- 
tered the ministry; was in 1828 settled in the 
Cong, church at W. Cambridge ; and in Sept. 
1830 m. a dan. of Rev. John Pierce ol Brook- 
line. From 1835 to 1850 he was pastor ot 
a Unitarian church in Bangor, Me. trom 
1830 to 1856 he was pastor of the Uestramster 
Church, Providence, R.I. ; since when be h;is 
had charge of the First Cong. Church, Brook- 
line Ms. In 1837 he was chosen prot. ot eecl. 
history in the theol. school in Cambridge.^ In 
the same year he took charge of the thnstmn 
Fxaminer. His largest work is the 1 rose 
Writers of Germany : " he has also pub. versions 
of many of the railior poems of eminent Ger- 
man writers, especially Schiller and Goethe. 
In 1853, in connection with D.. Huntington, 
he pub. a vol. of hymns, many of the best of 
which are his own composition and trans a- 
tions; also "Liturgy for the Use of the 
Churcli." He has also pub. " The Primeval 
World," 1869 ; and " Reason in hcbgion ; 
sermons, orations, reviews, and magazine es- 
says. In the winter of 1853-4 Dr. He Ige deliv- 
ered a course of lectures on Mcducval History 
before the Lowell Institute. Boston. 

Hedge, Levi, LL.D. (Y.C. 1823), teacher, 
b. Warwick, Ms., Apr. 19, 1766; d. Cambridge 
Jan. 3, 1844. H.U. 1792. He was the son of 
Rev Lemuel. Was a tutor in H.U. in I8O0-I I, 
prof of Latin from 1811 to 1817 ; of nat. tlieoh, 
moral philos., and political economy, from 181 1 
to 1822, and from 1827 to 1832 ; and iirof^of 
lo'ic and metaphysics from 1810 to 182,. 
Dr. Hedge prepared a good abridgment of 
Brown's Mental Philos.. 1827 ; and iiub, a trea- 
tise on Lo-ic, 1816; also a eulogy on .Joseph 
McKean, 1818. He received honorary degrees 
from 1? U. and Y.C, and was a member at 
the Amrr. Acad, of Arts and Sciences 

Heintzelman (hint'-sel-man ), Samcel 

P brev.mai.-gen.U.S.A.,b.Pa..30 Sept 180d. 
West Point, 1826. tst lieut. 2d Inf. Mar. 4 
1833 During the Mexican war, he organized 
a batt. of recruits and convalescent ^oMier.s at 
Vera Cruz, and marched to the city ol Mexico. 
He had several engagements with the enemj , 
and for that at Huaniatla, where M:..). \\alker 
was killed, was brev. maj. ; maj. Ut Inl. J 
Mar. 1855. After the war he com. in tlR 
southern district of Cal., where he cslahlished 
Fort Yuma, and successfully suppressed InUian 
hostilities. In 1859 he com. an expe.l. to pro- 



HKI 



426 



LaEN 



tect (lie soutlicrn bonier of Tcxos from ma- 
ruudiu); |iiirlic:> umivr the ^uirillii Coriiim^, in 
wlik'li Ik- wiis also dintiiij. lie ld( Ti-xas hOon 
lifter the Irencliery of Twi;,';,'S, anil went on 
(liiiy ni Wushiniiton lu iiisp.-|;:cn. M.iy 14, 
1 861, lie veiii lirer. lieut-eol. ; n|>|i. col. I'lh 
Inf.; bri'j. (jen. vols. 17 .Miiy ; ami orikreil to 
the coin, of a bri;;iide at Alcxanilrij. lie was 
suh>eqiieiitly ii|i|i. to com. the .'Id division of 
the Army of the I'otoinue under MiDowell; 
and ut Bull liun dlslin;;. himself, nml was ^e- 
verely wounded. I'luced in coin, of the .Id ar- 
my eoiiK, he led it with McClellari toward 
Riehmond. This corps suflered most at Fair 
Oaks, lie com. the ri;;lit win;; of I'ope's army 
in the Mcund liull Hun haitle, and .su'useijucntly 
took com. of the lortitieaiions ah. Wnsliin^'ton 
Citv. Maj.-^'cn. vols. 3 Mav, ISG-2 ;'hrcv. bri;,'.- 
gen. U.S.A.' .'Jl May. 186i', for Fair Oaks, and 
maj.-;;en. l.'l Mar. IH65, for Willianishurj; ; re- 
tired Feb. 22, 1809, and made maj.-^ren. 

Heister (hls'-ter), Uaxikl, b. Beik» Co., 
Pa., 1747; d. \Vashin;;toii, Marcli 8, 1804. He 
settled in Mont;;omcry Co., where he was a 
thorough bnsiness-man, and active in the llevol., 
U'iii;,' cid. and brig.-^'en. of the militia in ser- 
vice. Member supremo exec, council of Pa. in 
1784 ; and in 1787 a coininiss. of the Ci. land 
claims; inemlicr of the 1st, 2d, 3d, and4tli Con- 
gresses from Pa. ; and having moved to Ua- 
gerstovvn, Md., represented that State in the 
7th and 8ih (.'ongresses. His son D.vnicl was 
a nicinliiT llth Cong. John, his bro (b. 9 
Apr. 1746, d. 15 Oct. 1821), was in the 10th 
CoiiLrress. 

Heister, Cen. Josi>pii, gov. of Pa. 1821—3, 
b. Keading, Xov. 18, 1752; d. Jnne 10, 18.32. 
In 1 775 he raised a company, which, at the bat- 
tle of Long Island, was cut to pieces. Capt. 
Heister, severely woiindcii, was taken prisoner, 
and sufTered a year's confinement ill a British 
phsoii-sbip. After his exchange, he again 
Joined the army, and was woundeil at lier- 
miniowii. Alter the war, ho was many years 
a meinlicr of the Pa. legisl. ; was also in the 
eoiiveniicm which formed the State constitu- 
tion ; an>l was .\I.C. 1797-1805 and 18I.5-21. 

Heister, Leoi-old PniLtp de, lici.t.-gen. 
(.Inly. 177(>), com.-in-cbief of the Hessians in 
the iievol. war ; d. Cassel, Nov. 19, 1777, a. 60. 

Helm, Bes. Hardis, brig.-gen. C.S.A.,b. 
F.li/.alH'thiown, Ivy., ab. 1830 ; killed at Clii< k- 
aniauga, Sept. 30, 1863. West Point, 1851. 
(irandsonof Ben. Hardin of Kv. ; son of John 
L. Helm, gov. of Ky. (1850-1 and 1867). Of 
this family were al.so .Maj. Uenj. (d. 24 Feb. 
1853,0. 90) and Capt. Leonard of Famj. Co., 
Va , early pioneers to Ky., and disting. in the 
Indian warfare of the day. B. H. entered the 
2d Dr.igs., but resigned 'in Oct. 1852; lawyer 
at Klizaliethlown, Kv., 1854-8, and Louisville, 
1858-61 ; meiulMT Ivy. Icgi>l. 1855-6; com- 
monwealth atty. 3d dist., Ky., 1856-8 ; col. 1st 
Kv. Cav. in 1861 ; served in Bragg's army at 
Si'loli ; made brig.-gen .March, 1862; was in 
the Iwttlesof Perry villc and Stone Uiver, where 
he ccn. a division ; led a Ky. brigade at 
Vickshurg in the siiniiner of 1863. He com. 
I iliv ision at Cliickaniauga. 

Hembel, William, phvsician, prcs. of the 
Acad, ol Xui. Sciences of I'liila. (1840-50), b. 



Phila Sept. 24, 1764; d. Jnnc 12, 1851. He 
studied medi'iric. niid was a vol. in the medical 
dept of the liuv.d. arinv in Va. — /iiii/,kin-k: 

Hemmenway, .Moses, D.I>( II L'. 1785), 

minister of Wells, Me., from Aug. 8. 1759 la 
bis death, Apr. 5, 1811 ; b. Fniniiiighain. 1736. 
H.U I7.-.5. Descendant of Ralidi of U.ixbury, 
1634. Author of Sermons anil Controversial 
Tracts; " Vindication of the Power, &c., of 
the UnrCi^eneraie, against the Kxceplions of 
Hev. Sanil. Hopkins," 8vo, 1772. — .'i/MrK/iM. 

Hempel,CiiAiiLEsJL'i.ii:>.M u ,hoiiKEop. 

phv.sieiaii and writer, b. Soliiigen, Prussia, 
Se'pt. 5, 181 1. U. of .\.Y. He studied medi- 
cine in Paris, and came to the U.S. in 1835. 
He 8ulisci|uentlr practi-cil luimtcop. in N.Y. 
Citv, and traiiblatcd ami edited the works of 
llaiuieniaiin and others of that school. In 1857 
he was aiip. prof of materia mcd.- in the 
llomccop. Sled. Coll. at I'liila. He has pnb. 
" A Umminarof thcCicrman Language," 1842; 
" True Urganizuiion of the New Chfircb," 
1848; translations of Hahnemann's " Materia 
Mediia Pura,"1846; of Johr and Possart's 
"New .Manual of the Ilomieop. Materia Mcli- 
ca," 1849, to which he ailded a tliird vol., 
cntitleil " Complete Kepertory of Hoinoe 'p. 
Materi.i .Medica," I8.V), ic. ; and "A Com- 
prelicnsivc .System of HomciiOp. Materia Medica 
anil Thera;ie'iiiics," 18.'i9. 

Hempmll, Joseni, judge, b. Del. Co., 

Pa, 1770; d. Phila. Mav 29, 1842. .M.C. 
1801-3, 1S19-27, and 1829-31 ; a leading 
Federalist; disting. himself paniculaily bv n 
speech on the judiciary bill in 1801 ; iii'ciuWr 
of the State legisl. in 1831; some lime judge 
of the Dist. Court, Phila 

Henck, .Jons Benjamin, A. A.S., ci\-il 
engineer, b. Phila. 1815. H U. 1840. Author 
of " Fiild-IJiok for liailroad Kngini-ers." 

Hendei'son, .xrchibald, brig.-gen., b. 

Va. 17s.i; d. Washington, D.C , .I.in. 0, 18.59; 
npp. lieiit. marines, June 4. 1806; c.ipt Apr. 
1811; biev. maj. 1814 ; lient.-col.con. Oct. 17, 
18J0; col. July 1, 18.14 ; com. batt of murines 
in the Fla. war; com. in an affair wiih liio 
Indians on the Hatclieliiskec, Jan. 27, 1837 ; 
brevet brig.-gen. fur gallant and meritorious 
service while in command of the marines in 
Ala., Flor., and Tcnn., during the campaigns 
against the hostile Indians, Jan. 27, 1837. — 
(J.mln,r. 

Henderson, James Pixcknev, soldier 
and statesinan. Ii. Lincoln Co., N.C., .Mar. 31, 
ISOS; d. Washingion, June 4, 1858. He re- 
ceived a liberal education ; practised law in 
Mpi. ; was a brig.-gen. in the army of Texas 
in 18.36; atty. -gen. of Texas when its army 
was disbanded in that year; sec. of state in 
1837-9; and afterward minister to Kng. and 
France to pnK'urc the recognition of Texan 
independence. Returning in 1840, he resumed 
his profession at .San .\ngustine in partnership 
with (.icn. Rusk until 184.3. 8|ieeial minister 
to the U.S. in 1844 to procure the unnexatiuu 
of Tejtas ; niemlicr of the Const. Conv. in 
1845 ; gov. of the Stale in 1846-7 ; maj. -gen. 
of Texas \-ols. in the war with Mexico, and 
disiing. nt Monterey, reifiving from Congress 
its thanks and a sword ; U S. senator 1857-8. 

Henderson, Leosakd, jurist, b. 1772; 



HE^T 



427 



HEN" 



J. Granville Co., X.C, Aug. 183.3. Son of 
Jnd^e Richard. He siudicd law, and attained 
distinction at the bar of X.C-, and was a judge 
of tlie Superior Court in 181)8-16. Ou the 
for.i;atiou of a new Supreme Court of the State, 
he was elected one of the judges; and in 1829 
was app. chief justice. 

Henderson, Ple.is.4xt, Revol. officer, b. 
Iluiiovir Co., Va , Jan. 9, 175G; d. Iluntins- 
don, Tcun., Dec. 10. 1842. He studied law 
with his bio Judge IJichard , entered i hi; army 
in 1775 ; and at the close of tlie war was ni.ij. 
of Col. Malmedy's mounted coips; app. oicrk 
of the Sup. Court of Orange in 1782 ; was sec. 
to Gov. Martin in 1782-5; and from 1789 to 
1830 was reading clerk to the H. of Commons. 
He moved to Tiiin. in 1831. He was a friend 
of Daniel Boone, and in 1776-8 resided at 
Boonsbo rough. 

Henderson, Tuo.mas, statesman, of N.J. 
Prinectuu Cu.l. 1761. Judi;e of the C.C P ; 
dele-ate to the Old Congress 17 79-8il ; -M.C. 
1795-7; li.ut.-gov. of X.J. 

Hendrick, a Mohawk chief, killed near 
Vort George, N.Y., Sept 8. 1 755. He was the 
son of a Mohegan chief calicd the Wolf, and 
m. Hunuis, dau. of a Jloluiwk chief In 1751 
he was cunsuiied by the Ms commissioners for 
removing the Mohawks to Siockbrnlge to be 
instructed by Jonathan Edwards In June, 
17-54, he attended the Congress at Albany lor 
a treaty with the Si.K Xations. In 1755 he 
joined Sir \Vm. Johnson with 200 Mohawks, 
and marched to meet Dieskau. At a council 
of war, Sept. 8, it was proposeil to send a 
detachmcni. to meet the enemy : when the 
number was m' niioaed to Hendrick, he re- 
pried, " If they are to fi;;ht, they arc too few; 
if they are to be killed, they a:e too many." 
Accompanying Col. Williams's detachnicut, it 
was aml)ushcd at Rocky Brook, 4 miles from 
Fort George; and this valiant old warrior and 
faithful friend of the English was mortally 
wounded. 

Hendricks, William, an early settler 
in and gov. ol Ind. (1822-5), b. Westmore- 
land Co , Pa., in 1783 ; d. Madison, May 16, 
1850. He settled in that town in 1814,' and 
filled. many important offices. He was sec. of 
the conveniion which formed the present con- 
stitutiouot Ind. ; M.C. 1816-22; U. S. senator 
18i5-37. 

Hening, William AValleb, clerk of 
Chancery Court, Richmond; d. there Apr. 1, 
1828. Authorof "Justice," 1821 ; 13 vols, of 
" Statutes at Large," 1 822 ; " Arncr. Pleader," 
2 vols. 8vo, 1811 ; editor of Francis's "Ma.x- 
ims of Equity," and, with Wm. Mumlbrd, 
pub. 4 vols. " Reports Sup. Court of Ap- 
peals" 1809-11. 

Henkle, Moses MosTcoMiiKY, D.D., 
clerijyman. I). Pendleton Co., Va., Mar. 23, 
1798." In 1819 he entered the ministry, and 
becamua missionary to the Wyandotte Indians, 
lu 1822 he edited a religions magazine; was 
joint editor of the church paper at Nashville, 
'J'enn., in 1845; and in 1847 established the 
Southern Ludies' Companion, editing it 8 years. 
He pub. a vol. of Masonic Addresses, 1848 ; 
" Pnmarv Platlorm of Methodism," 1851; 
" Analysi"s of Church Govt.," 1832 ; " Life of 



Bishop Bascom," 1853; "Primitive Episco- 
pacy," 1856. 

Henley, Col. David, Revol. officer, b. 
Chailestown, Ms., Feb. 12, 1748; d. Wash- 
ington, D.C, Jan. 1, 1823. Brig.-maj. to Gen. 
Heath, Aug. 15, 1775; dep. adj.-gen. Sept. 6, 
1776 ; disiing. at the siege of Boston; lieut.- 
col. R. Putnam's regt. Dee. 1776 ; app. col. of 
a Ms. regt. Jan. 1,1777; resigned Mar. 31, 
1779. He was in com. at Cambridge while 
the troojis* captured at Saratoga were there; 
was called to account for alleged severities to- 
ward them by Gen. Burgoyne; was tried by 
court-martial, and was acquitted. He was an 
officer of merit ; held important stations in the 
govt. ; and at the time of his death was a clerk 
in the v.:it dept. His bro. Maj. Thomas, a 
brave and enterprising officer, was killed in a 
skirmish at Montrcssors Inland, N.Y., Sept. 
22, 1776. 

Henley, Johs D., eapt U.S.N., b. Va. ; 
d. Havana, May 23, 1835, while com. the U.S. 
squad, in the SV. Indies. Midshipm. Oct. 14, 
1799; licut. Jan.3, 1807; com. July 24, 1813 ; 
capt. Mar. 5, 1817. 

Henley, Rouert, capt. U.S.X., b. James 
Citv Co , Va.. Jan. 5, 1783 ; d. Sullivan's Is- 
land, S.C, Oct. 7, 18:>8. Midshipm. Apr 8, 
1799; lieut. Jan. 29, 1807; com. Aug. 12, 
1814; capt. Mar. 3, 1825. He served under 
Truxton in the action with the French ship 
"La Vengeance," Feb. 1, 1800; and in Mac- 
donongh's victory on Lake Champlain, Sept. 
11, 1814, com. the brig "Eagle," and received 
a golil modal from Congress. 

Hennepin (hcn'-neh-pan'), Louis, mis- 
sionary, b. 'Ath, Belgium, ab. 1640; d. Hol- 
land, after 1699. He travelled and preached 
in various places ; was a regimental chaplain 
in the battle of Senef lictween the Prince of 
Conde' and Williaraof Orange in 1674 ; landed 
at Quebec in 1675; in 1676 visited the Indian 
mission at FortFrontenac ; and in 1678 accomp. 
La Salle's exped., constructing at Niagara a 
vessel tor navigating the Lakes above the falls. 
Aug. 7, 1679, they began their voyage, and, 
reaching the Illinois River, built Fort Cieve- 
CcEur, near the present site of Peoria. 29 Feb. 
1680, he proceeded in a canoe to the Upper 
Mpi. as far as the falls, which he named Saint 
Anthony's, and which no European had yet 
seen. Arriving at the mouth of the St. Francis 
River, in what is now Minnesota, he named it 
for the founder of his order; travelled about 
180 miles along its banks; visited the Sionx 
Indians ; and meeting a party of Frenchmen, 
who had come by way of Lake Superior, re- 
turned with them to Canada. Returning to 
Europe, he pub. at Paris, in 168.'J-4, an account 
of his travels, entitled " A Description of Loui- 
siana," — a work of great value, notwithstand- 
ing the vanity, and proneness to exaggeration, 
of its author. In 1697 he pub. his " New Dis- 
covery of a Vast Country situateil in America," 
containing the matter in his History, with the 
addition of an account of his voyage down the 
Lower Mpi., which, according to Jarcd Sparks, 
is a fabrication copied from Le Clerq's " Nar- 
rative." Hennepin's descriptions of Indian 
life are generally accurate ; and he was a conr- 
ageous and daring explorer. Though he 



TTTT.K 



428 



:aEN 



«dcipu-il the secular hubit ninuni; the Duuh, 
lie <lix'4 nut Hii|K'4ir to li.ive reliii(|uii>lie<i Ilia 
prorexsiiin, Hn lie euntiniied lu sign liiinsuir 
iiii»>i»iiiii V reeollet ainl upu«lulic nouiry. — 
.l/iVA.i.<./,'.V.<.ir. «,«,. r.Vli. 

Henningsen, CiiAiiL£g Frldkhic, un 

Kiiullsli uiiiliur iiiiil nuldier. u( Seiniduimviaii 
exiriicliuii, b. It<15. In IA.'U lie enlerej im a 
vul. the servieo uf Dull Carlos, ilie claimant 
u( the S|><iiiisli ihruiie ; nuuii ruse tu ho rapt, 
ut Znniuln>'iirre;;ni'!i lHj<ly-);nar>l ; taiid sulue- 
qut'iilly, with Ihc rank ul lieut.-cul., i>erve>I 
with the (\irli>is in niuiiy C0Ka;;enient^. Af- 
ter ilie haiile ut Villas de los Nuvarros, he was 
made oul., and placed in cum. of the cavalrv. 
Taken prisuner, lie was relea>ed, on parole nut 
to >erve u^ruiii durinj; tlio war. IIo next served 
in tile Uu^-'iaii army in Cireassiu. <^n his re- 
turn to Eng , he uruiu his " Revelatiuns uf 
Rtls^'ia" (I'aris, 1845). lie pi-u|io>ed aplanuf 
canipai;;!! lu die iiinurri-ctiuiiary leaders ol Hun- 
gary, hu lii;;tily approved uf, that he was to he 
app. niiliiary and civil cum. ul' the turtress uf 
C'umorn When the strii;;|,'le was over, he vis- 
ited Kussntli at Kuiaiali, and came to the 
U.S.. reniaiiiini; here as u rcpn'.scniaiive of 
Unngarian intei-e.sls. lie joined the forces of 
Uen. Walker in Xicara:;na as raaj.-};en., and 
remained liuni Oct. IS.'jG until their surrender 
to Com. Uavis, U.S. N., in May, It^ST. lie in. 
a niece of the late Senator Berrien, and was a 
bri;; -;:cn. in iliu C.S.A., serving in Va. His 
btiveialiiy in nrin-. is artillery ; but he has al>o 
given threat atieniion to the iinpruveinent of 
small-arms, .>npcrintcndiii^ the cunstniciion of 
the first .Minie-rilles ever iniule in the U S. 
Author of " Twelve Months' Caiiipai);n wiib 
Zuiiiaiacarrc);ui; " "The White Slave," u nov- 
el ; " Eastern Knro|ie ; " " Sixty Years Hence," 
a novel of linssian life ; " I'ast and Kutuiv of 
Hungary ; " " Analoj^ies and Contrasts," and 
variuus other works, all pub. In London. — 

Henry, Alexander, traveller, b. N. Bruns- 
wick, N..)., 17.)9; d. Montreal, Apr. 4, 1824. 
lie was in the expcd. of Amherst, and at the 
reduction of Kurt dc Levi and the surrender 
of Montreal. He then embarked in the fur- 
trade, and followed it 13 years, from Montreal 
to the Uucky Muuntaiiis. He pub. " Travels 
in Canada ami the Indian Territories between 
17f.ci-:ii," Svo, X.Y., 18(19. 

Heory, Alexander, nierehanl, b. Scot- 
laii.l, ITtili; d. Thila. An;;. 1.'). 1847. He 
came to I'liila in 178.1, and acquired a lar^c 
estate, in the use uf which he was charitable 
and n;<^iieroiis. Pres. of the Board of Kduca- 
tiun and of other .societies. A noiicc of him 
is in the .1/. ir/i<iii/s' Mm)., Jan. 1856. 

Hoary, C.vlkh SrR,i(iiE, I).D.,clcrgvmnn 
and auihur, b. Itutland, Ms., Aii^;. 2, 1804. 
Uariin. Cull. I.'^^.'i. He siuilicd ilieulo;;y at 
Andover and N. Ilaveii ; and in I828-.'I1 was 
settled as a Con;;, minisler at tircenfield, Ms. ; 
in 18X1 he was settleil in llarifuni, Cl ; in 
1834 he pub. a pamphlet on ihe " l*riiici|ilcs 
and Pros|>ects of the Kriends uf I'eace," and 
established tlio Amer. Aili-W'ilr uf Pntce, which, 
after tlio first year, became the or);an of the 
Amer. I'eacc Soc ; in 18.15 he took onlcrs in 
the Pr.'Ep. Church ; was suon after app. prof. 



of iniollM-tnal and moral philos. in Bristol 
Coll., Pa. ; in 18.17 returned to N.Y., and with 
Dr. Ha'vks foiiiiileil the .V. 1'. Itrvirw ; in 
IS'IS-A^ ho was pruf. of pliilo>. and hist, in 
llio U. of N.Y. ; ill 1847 he l-ciomc rector of 
Si. Clement's Church, NY. His health failing, 
he resi;;ned this charyc in 1850, but retained 
bis p^ul'es^ur^llip, and, in addition lo its duties, 
|>eifurnK'i| for some part of the time the laliorx 
of the chancellorship of the university also. 
In 1857 be removed to l'ou;;hkecpsie, and wa> 
afterward rector of an Ep. church at Ncwburj; 
on the Hudson. He pub in 1845 an " Kpiiomc 
of the Hist, of I'hilostiphy " by the Ablx; IJan- 
tain, traiislatini; and cnntinnin;; it down to the 
date of publiealiun. He has also pub. a Iran*- 
latiun of Cousin's lectures on LocKc's " Essay 
on iheHuinan Understandiii);," with notes and 
additional pieces, under the tide of " CousinV 
P.sycliolo;;y," 1834; " Com|H'ndium of Chris- 
tian Aniiqiiiiies," 1837; "Moral and Philo- 
sophical E.<.says," 1839; Ciuizoi's "General 
llistory of Civiliiation," with notes ; " House- 
hold Liturgy; " Taylor's "Manual of Ancient 
and MoJern History" revised, wiih a chapter 
on the llistory of the U.S., 1845; •' Dr. Old- 
ham at Gravsiones, and his Talk there," pnb. 
anonymously, 18G0; a vul. uf essays entitled 
" Considerations on Some of the ICIenients and 
Cunditiuns uf Sucial Wcllaio; " numerous ad- 
dresses, Jic. 

Henry, James, jud;;c. and menilier Old 
Coii-icssfroinVa., 1780-2; d. Va. Jan. 1805. 
Henry, John, siatesman, b Md. ; d. Eas- 
tuii, .\Id., 1M-. 1798. N.J. Coll. 1769. De- 
.scended from Rev. John, a Pn-sb. minister of 
Md.,wliod. 1717, leaving two suns, — Utini.nr 
Jenkins. jud;;c of die Prov. Court 1754 rv-s- 1- 
iiig in Somerset; and Col. Joiix, ineinber <>f 
the bouse of delegates from Wui-ccst>r Co. 
John was n delegate to the Old Congress in 
1778-81 and 1784-7, U.S. senator 1789-97, 
and gov. of Md. in 1797-3. 

Henry, John, comedian, manager of the 
Old Aiiicr. Conip. of Comedians, b. Eng. ; d. 
on the pa-sage from N.Y. to Newport, Oct. 
1794. Educated at Trinily CM., Dublin ; 
served under Burgoyne in Portugal ; and was 
a member of the family uf the Duke of North- 
umberland «bile b>rd'-lieut. uf Iivland; made 
his tMml at Drury Lane in 1762; at the Jidin- 
slnct Theatre, N'.Y., Dee. 7, 1767, as Aimwell 
in " The Beaux' Stratagem; " and was the 
original Sir Peter Teazle in America. Author 
of ■ A School for Soldiers," a druiiuitic piece, 
Kingston, Jamaica, Svo, 1783. 

Henry, John, a political ndvcniiirvr, noted 
for divulging a pretended British plot to sc|>a- 
rate the N.E States from Uic Union early in 
1812, for which serA'ico he rceeivid $.-10,000 
from Pres. Mnilison ; b. Ireland; canicto Phila. 
ab 1793; edited Brown's f/i/n. Iln^llt; af- 
terwards held a commiss. as an officer of artil- 
lery, but finally settled on a farm in Norhcm 
Vi". wlurv bo ri-sided in 1812. — fMuiwi. 

Henry, John, Briti-h admiral, li. Sept. 
28, 1731 ; d. Rolvenden, Kent. Aug. 6, 1829. 
He entered the .service ab. 1744; was a I si 
licut. at the reduction of Havana ; and in 
Nov. 1777 was made a postcapiain by Ixird 
Huwu for his conduct at the capture of Mud 



HESr 



429 



iie:?^- 



Island in the Del. River. In May, 1778, he 
r>-oper;ueil with a (Iclaclimcnt iiniler Lieut. - 
Col. ilailliind in destroying a iiumljer of 
American vessels in tlie Cliesapeake, among 
whuli were " The Washington " and " The 
Ellin^'hani " (frigates), 9 large merehant-sliips, 
and -h Inigs; in'l779 in " The Fowey," of 20 
gnus, he disting. himself greatly in the eom. 
ol the naval foree stationed at Savannah when 
attacked by the French under D'Estaing. lie 
was Ml ide an admiral in 1804. 

Henry, John Joseph, a Revol. soldier, 
1). I. iiicaster, I'a., Nov. 4, 1738; d. ab. 1810. 
Anilior of '• An Accurate and Interesting Ae- 
co int of the Hardships and Sufferings of that 
13an 1 of Heroes who traversed the Wilderness 
in the Campaign against Quebec in 1773," 
pub. Lancaster, Pa., 1812. Ho was a private 
in Smith's riliemen during that campaign, in 
which he was wounded and made prisoner. 
On his return studied and practised law, and 
was afterward pres. of the 2d judicial dist. 
ol fa. 

Henry, Joseph, LL.D. (H. U. 1831), 
physicist, b. Albany, N.Y., Dec. 17, 1797. He 
received a common-school education, and for 
some years was a watchmaker. In 1826 he 
was app. prof, of mathematics in the Albany 
Acad.; in 1827 he began a series of experi- 
ments in electricity; and in 1828 pub. an 
account of various moditications of eleclro- 
niagnetic apparatus. He was the first to prove 
by actual ex|ieriment, that, in order to develop 
magnetic power at a distance, a ga vaiiic bat- 
tery of inieasty must be employed to project 
the current ; and that a magnet surrounded by 
m.my turns of one long wire must be used to 
receive this current. In 1831, in some e.xperi- 
ments at the Albany Acad., he transmitted 
signals by means of the electro-magnet through 
a wire more than a mile in length. An ac- 
count of these experiments, and of his electro- 
magnetic machine, was pub. in Siiliman'x Am. 
Journal of Hcience in 18.31, in which he pointed 
out the applicability of the facts demonstrated 
by his experiments to the iaslanianeous con- 
veyance of intelligence between distant points 
by means of a niagiietic-telcgraph, which was 
several years subsequently brought into ])rac- 
ti al operation by Prof. Morse. In 1832 he 
was called to the chair of natural phllos. in 
N.J. Coll. ; in Feb. 1837 he went to Europe, 
visiting Prof. Wheatstone of King's Coll., Lon- 
don, to whom he explained his discoveries, 
and his method of producing great mechanical 
effects at a distance — such as the ringing of 
chureh-ljclls 100 miles off — by means of the 
ciectro-m.ignet. In IS46, on the organization 
of (he Smithsonian Institution at W.ishiugton, 
Prof. Henry was app. see., a post he still holds, 
and which gi%'es him its principal direction. 
He has pub. " Contributions to Eleitri:i!y and 
Magneiisra," 1839 ; and maivy scientific papers 
iu the Philos. Tnmswlions, Silliiitan's .lownal, 
anil the Jounial of the Franklin Inslititle. — 
Ajiplf-ton. 

Henry, Patrick, orator and statesman, 
b. .'jtudley, H.inover Co., Va., .May 29, 17.i6; 
d. June «', 179J. His lather, Col. John Henry, 
a native of Aberdeen, was county surveyor, 
treslding magistrate, and a man of liberal 



education. At the age of 10 his father took 
him from school, and taught him at home, 
where he had opened a graiiiniir school. He 
acquired some proficiency in mathematics; but 
his taste lor huiuiiigand fishing predominated. 
The emhariasscd circumstances of his father 
led him to embark at the age of 13 in mercan- 
tile business, in which he was unsuccessful. 
He m. Miss Shelton when he was IS; and at 
the age of 24, alter 6 weeks' study of the law, 
was adm. to practice. For a long time he had 
no practice, and was extretnely poor, living 
with his latheriu-law, a tavern-keeper, and 
assisting him in his business. At the age of 
27 he was retained in the celebrated " Parsons 
Cause," and at once became lainons as an 
orator. Removing to Louisa Co. in 1764, he be- 
came a member of the house of burgesses, May, 
1765. Into this a.ssembly, violently hostile to 
extreme measures, he introduced those mem- 
orable resolutions against the Suunp Act, one 
of which declared that tli.it body had the ex- 
clusive right and power to levy ta.xes and 
impositions upon the inhabitants of the Colony. 
Iu the slorciiy debate which ensued, Henry 
vehemently exclaimed, " Turquin and Cicsar 
had each his Brutus ; Charles the First, his 
Cromwell ; and George the Third " — 
■■ Treason ! " cried the speaker ; the cry was 
echoed from every part of the house — 'may 
profit by their example! If this be treason, 
make the most of itl" The resolutions were 
carried, — thelast by a niujorityof one. In 1769 
he was adm. to the bar of the Gen. Court, 
where, in jnry-trials, in which his wonderlul 
powers of oratory could be brought to bear, 
he far exceeded all his contemporaries. Early 
in the session of 1773, Henry, the Lees, Jeffer- 
son, and Dabney Carr, originated the " Com- 
mittee of Corresp. for the Dissemination of 
Intelligence between the Colonies." In Sept. 
1774 Henry was a delegate to the Gen. Con- 
gress at I^liila., wliere he was the first speaker. 
His extraordinary eioipience astonished all 
listeners ; and he took rank as the greatest 
orator of America. In March, 1775, at the 
Second State Convention, he moved the or- 
ganization of the militia, and that the "Colony 
be iminediaiely put in a state of detenee." 
Lord Dunnioie having clandestinely removed 
on tlie night of April 20 all ihe powder of the 
Colony, Henry, placing himself at the head of 
the militia of Hanover, marched upon Williams- 
burg, and obliged the agent of Dunniire to 
pay for it. In June, Henry was elected col. of 
the 1st Va. regt., but shortly alter resigned. 
A delegate to the convention of May, 1776; 
he was the first Republican gov. of the State, 
serving Irom 1776 to 1779. Reluming to the 
legisl., where he served to the end of ilie war, 
he was again gov. until the auiuuiii ol 1786. 
In 1788 he was a ineniber of the convention 
which ratified ilie Federal Constitu.iou, which 
he opposed with all his eloquence an 1 strength. 
He feared. that the final result would be the 
destruction of the rights of the sovereign 
States. In 1794 he retired from the bar, and 
removed lo his estate of Red Hill iu Charlotte. 
App. by Washington in 1795 see. of slate, he 
declined the office, as he afterward did that of 
envoy to France, offered by Ad.nns, and that 



IiEl>r 



430 



IX K^*^ 



of eoT. in 1796. In March, 1 799, lie nits 
elwUMl to tbc State «.-imi>', but nevL-r luok liis 
Milt. His LiPo has hxn written Ity William 
Win, aniJ by A. il. Evcri-tt in Spurks'a 
" Ainorioun Uio;;rapli.v . " 

Henry, IJoutur, D.D., IX.D., scholar, b. 
Churli.>;i>n, S.C. Dlv. 6, IT'Ji; .1 Cuiuinbia, 
Fib. 6, lS.'i6. U. ol IMiiib ISU. He travcllij 
a short time on tlie C'lHitineiii, and alter his 
return to his native Stale iniiiisieretl to a 
Kreiieb eon;.;i\'t;aiiiin of Hu^'uenots in Charles- 
ton for 2 years. In Nov. I,>il8 he was a|>p. to 
tliecliair uf lo>;ie iinJ moral |>hilos. in the S.C. 
Coll. ; subsequently to that of metaphysics 
un<l political philos. ; atiJ in 1S34-5 was pres. ; 
in IS^J6 he accepteil the chair of metaphvsirs 
ami be.les-leitres ; ami in 184U-3 vtm a second 
time pres., |K'rforiuin;; the duties of prof, of 
tireek durin;; a portion of the time. He wrote 
tor tlic Souilicrn reviews articles of a hiyh 
order ; delivered and pub. oicasinnal sermons 
niiil enlo:.-ies on rmf. E. O. Smith, on Jona- 
than M;>.\o , and on J. I '. Calhoun 

Heuryi I'iiom.vs. Cihrlion, U D. (Y.C. 
18J4), I'rvsb. cler^vman, b. I'hila. Sept. 22, 
17'JO; d. Oct. 4. 1827. Midd. Coll. 1814; 
I'riiie. Tlieol. Sein. 1818. Son of Alex. Henry. 
Tix-s. of the Amcr. S. S. Union. Pastor of the 
Presb. church, Columbia, S.C, from X iv. 
1818 until Jan. 1824, when be became pastor 
of a conjj. in Charleston, S. C. He pub. 
" Letters to an Anxious Jiiquirer," 1827; "On 
Popular Anitisemenis," 1825; Moral l^tehinj^, 
a.id Oira^ional Sermons. — .S/"<i/a«. 

Henry, Oex. Willum, a licvol. soldier, 
b. Cliarloite Co., Va., 1761 ; d. Christian Co., 
Ky., Nov. 23, 1824 He entered the army at 
nil early a;fc ; fought at Guilford, the Cowpens, 
and at Vorktown ; removed to Ky. ; and was 
cii;;a^'ed in many cuuHict:) with Indians in 
the border wars of that State. App. maj.- 
nen. Ivy. voU. Aug. 31, 181.3; he com. a divi- 
sion of'.'] bri;;adcs in the battle of the Thames, 
Oct. 5, 1S13; and also served in Scuit's and 
Wilkinson's campai;,'n8. He was in ihe State 
Con^t. Convs., iiJM) in both branches of the Ky. 
le.isl. Father of John P. and Uodeht P., 
members of Congress 1825-7. 

Henry, Hox. WiLU.m .\lexasdbb, law- 
yer uiid AUtesiuan,of Nova Scotia, b. Halifax, 
iiJ Dec. 18IC. Called to the luir in Nov. I84U, 
and soon after elected to the iegisl. assembly. 
At the election of 1847 the friends of a respon- 
sible govt, were successful; and Mr. Henry has 
since been returned oil that principle. App. 
a Q. C in 1849. He has introduced various 
reforms in the Court of Chancery and Equity ; 
wa^solicilor-gen. in 1354,'59, and '63, and prov. 
sec. 1856-7. Prominent in the question of a 
union of the Brit. Provinces, and a delegate lo 
Lomlon on that question in July, 1866, and, 
in the winter of that year, nn unsuccesslul ne- 
gotiator with the U.S. (jovt. for the coiilinn- 
nut-o of the recijirocitv treatv. — .1/cii vj' Ihe 
Tun'. 

Henry, William SiivTos, maj. USA., 
b. N. V. 1816; d. N.Y. City, .Mar. 3, IS.il. 
Wc.'.t Point, 18-15. Author' of " Caiu|«iign 
Sketdics of ihc War with .Mexico." Entering 
the 3d Inl".,lie beCiime capt. 18 M ly. 184;), and 
»«> brev. maj. "for Dallam conduct at Monte- 



rey, Mexico," Sept. 23, 1846. Hid son Gi;r 
V'., capt 1st U.S. An., and disting. in the Re- 
bellion, has pull, a " .Milit. Record of Civil 
Ap|«iintmeiit* in the U.S.A.," vol. i. 1869. 

Hensbaw, Hwin, merehant and leading 
Ueiiioc. politician of Uosion, b. Ix'ieesier, M*., 
Apr. 2, 1791; d. tlieru .Nov. II. 18.'>2. Hit 
ancestors were among the original proprictora 
of the town; and his father David wiis a pa- 
triot of the Uevol. The son >|<eiit his iKiyliood 
lalMiringon liii father's f.iun, and attcmliiig the 
lehools and acad. of the town. At 16 he he- 
came an apprentice in the driig-busincu in B0.4- 
ton ; commenced the biisineMon his own ac- 
count in 1814, and gave it up in I82'J. Devot- 
ing all his lei^urv lo study, be iK-cainea pruin- 
ineni jioliiieal wriier.and was an able ailvocale 
of free trade. He also conirili. In the |K'rio<ii- 
iral press, and pub. c-says, in a pamphlet form, 
on Mibjectsol poliiic.il economy; among tlieio 
" lA'lterson the Intern. Imp. and Comiiicrecof 
the West," Uostiin, 1839. He was a, State »en- 
aior in 1826; member of the Siaie lioard of 
Internal Improvements, 1828-51 ; and in 1839 
a represenutive ; in l8'Jt)-9 he was coll. of cus- 
toms ut Boston ; and was sec of the navy in 
1843. He was active in promoting railroad 
enterprises, among them the liosion and Wor- 
cester, the tiontoii ami Pioiidenee, and the 
Boston and Albany Roads. 

Henshaw.-ioiix Pukxtiss Kewlt, D.D. 

(Mil. Coll. 1».J0). Pr.-Kp, bishop ol R. I., b. 
.Middleiowii, Ct.,Juiie 13, 1792; d. Fredcri-k, 
.Md., July 20, 1852. Mid. Coll. 1808. His 
father removed to .Mid>llebury, V|., in 1800. 
Ord. deacon ut the age of 2I ; he officiated in 
St. Ann's Church, Urooklui, iiniil 1817, when 
he accepted the rectorship of St. Peter's, Balti- 
more ; oi-d. uricst June 13, 1810 ; consec. 
bishop of R. I. Aug. 11, 1843 ; also becoming 
rector of Urace Church, Proiitlence. Dr. 
Hcnshaw pub a ta-aiisc on " Didactic Theolo- 
gy," " On Contirmaiion ; " " .V Selection of 
llymns ;" " Theology lor the People i>f Bait.," 
Svo, 184U; " Lectures on the Sivoiid Ailvcnt ; " 
" CiMumunicani's Cinidc;" and "A Memoir 
of Bi-hop .Moore of Va." 

HensnaW,Josiii A Sidney, author, h. Bos- 
ton, Oct. 16, 1811 ; d. Uiicu. .\pr. 29, 1859. A 
descendant of liuv. Belcher. His namo, which 
was originally Jo'liuu H. Belcher, was changed 
by the Pa. legisl. in 1345. In 18J3 lie l.ecaine 
a teacher in the Chauuix'y Hall Inst., Boston. 
App. Sept. 1837 prof, of math, in the navy, 
he made in the frigate " Columbia" a loyage, 
of which he pub. a narrative entitled " Around 
the World." He resigned his |wsl in 1841 ; 
studied law ; was udiu. 10 the Phila. bar; and 
in 1843 was re-iiistaled in his prolcssorshiu. 
From 1848 until his death, he pr.ictiscd law in 
Utica. He pull. " Philosophy of Human Prog- 
resr," 18)5; "Incitement to .Mural and In- 
tellectual WellDoing," 18.36; " Life of Father 
Mailiew." 1847 ; " U.S. .Manual for Consu s," 
1849. lie left nejirly completed ■ work enti- 
tled " Bible Ethics. " — .Y. /;. //. i- <Jr„. l{,y, 
xiii. 277. 

Hensliaw, Coi« William, Revol. officer, 
b. Boston, 17-i5; d. Liuestcr, Ms., Feb- 1820. 
He Rinnvcd to L. in 1748 ; was a lient. of pro 
viucials under Amherst in 1759 : »•■- I'-at.Krol 



:aE3r 



431 



USB 



of Litile's regt. at the siege of Boston ; and 
h;itc<1 at L. Inland, White Piain^i, Trenton, 
and Princeion, but left the service early in 1777. 
His ;;ra:id«on Daniki., lawyer, and editor of 
the Li/nn It'-mid, d. Boston, julv 9, 1863, a. 81. 
U.U. I?OG. 

HentZ, Caroline Lee, authored, h. Lan- 
caster, M^., 1800; d. Mariaiina, Fla., Feb. U, 
1856. IJau. of Gen. Johii Whiring of the 
IJevoI. anny, and sister of Gcii. Henry. Bc- 
lore she was 1.3 she was the aiiih'jr of a poem, 
a novel, and a tra;jcfty in 5 ai-ts. Married in 
1?23 to Prjf. Ueniz, while he was u^^suciated 
with Geo. Bancroft in the management of a sem- 
inary at Noriliampion. They resided for some 
years at Ch.ipel Uill, N.O. ; whence they re- 
moved to Covington, Ky., where Jlrs. iLniz 
wrote for a prize of S.'jOJ her successfnl ira;.'e- 
dy of " De Lara." They next resided in Cin- 
cinnati, but in 18-33 estaldislicd a flourishing 
female .■iem. at Florence, Via., which in IS43 
they tran»ferred to Tuscaloosa, Fla.; in 1343 
fixed their residence in Columbus, Ga., and in 
135:i at Marianna. Bjsides contrib. to various 
periodicals, Jlrs. IL wrote " Lamorah," a trag- 
edy ; the " Countess of Wartember,^," a play ; 
and many elc;;ant and beautii'ul prize poe:n3 
and fugitive pieces. Her prose writings, upon 
which her reputation cJiiefly depends, place her 
in the first rank of female writers. In 1S46 
she pub. " Aunt Pattv's Scrap-Bag ; " in IS13 
" The -MobCap ; " ".Linda," 1850 ; " Ren.i, vr 
the .Snow-Bird," 1831; "Marcus Warlajid " 
and "Eoline."1852; " \ViId Jack "and "Helen 
and Arthur," 1833 ; " The Planter's Xorihern 
Bride," 1854; "Love after ILirriagc," "The 
Banished Son," " The Viciim of E.xcitement," 
" The P.irior Serpent," and " The Flowers of 
Elocution," 1 356. Her la-t novel, " Ernest 
Linwood," appi^arcd in 1835. Prof. X. M. 
He.vtz, who was a successful teacher of modern 
laTi;.'u:iges, anil ivriter on natural history, b. 
France, d. Xov. 4, 1856, in Marianna, Fla. He 
was prof, of bclles-leitres at Chapel Hill, X.C. 
Pub. " Tadeuskund, the last King of the Le- 
nape," 12mo, 1825. 

Hepworth, Geobce Hcghes, Unitarian 
divine, b. Boston, Feb. 4, 1833. Camb. Th-ol. 
School, 1833. Pastor of the church in Xan- 
tucket from Sept. 1855 to 1S37 ; of the Church 
of the Cniiy, Boston, Oct. 1858-70; now pas- 
tor of the Church of the Messiah, Xew-York 
City. Chaplain of the 47th Ms. regt. Dee. 
1 ^S2 ; and on the staff of Gen. Banks in La. 
in 1863. Besides sermons, he has pub. " Whip, 
Hoe, and Sword," a sketch of his army expe- 
riences. 

Herbert, Henkv William, scholar, 
•portsni m. and novelist, b. London, April 7, 
laj7; d .N\nv York, May 17,1833, by suicide. 
Son of llun. and Rev. \Vm. Herbert, Uean of 
Manchester, author of the poem "Atlila," and 
second son ol the Earl of Carnarvon. Educated 
at Eton and C:iius Coll., Cambridge, where he 
frad. 1823. He came to this country in 18-30, 
alt».r experiencing a sudden reverse of fortune, 
and occupied a country-.seiif, " The Cedars," 
near Xewark, X. J. U.i'til 1 839 he w;is a te.uh- 
er of Greik in the cla-ssical school of R. T. 
Huddari, Xew York. He commenced wirii 
A L>. Pallersoii, i.i 1833, ttie Auufica.! Muiit'.lj 



3ta//aztiie. His " Brothers, a Tale of tha 
Fronde," a successfnl historical novel, appeared 
in 1834; followed by " Croinwell" in 1837; 
"Marmadnke Wwif," 1813; "The Roman 
Traitor," 1843 ; and " Wager of Battle," 1835. 
An extensive series of sporting-volumes were 
pub. by him, under the nom ile jilurne of 
" Frank Forrester," with the titles of " My 
Shootin--B..x," "The Warwick Woodlands,'' 
" Field-S|K>rts of the U.S.," " Frank Forrester 
and his Friends," IS40, " The Fish and Fish- 
ing of the U.S.," 18.31), " Young Spiirtsman's 
Complete Manual." Another series of rol- 
um:-3 covers many of his historic il essays; as 
"The Cavaliers of England, or the Times 
of the Revolutions of 1642 and 163S;" "The 
Knighls of England, Frame, and Scotland ; " 
" The Chevaliers of France, from ih : Crusad- 
ers to the ILirc'chals of Louis XIV. ;" and 
"The Captains of the (»;d World, and the 
Captains of thj Roman Ropu die." He was 
also the aiithur of a metrical translation of the 
"Agamemnon" and " Promejheus ' of .^s- 
chylos, and of numerous critical papers in the 
Literari/ World and el.-ewhjre. His latest work 
was t:ie " Horse and Horsemanship of Amer- 
icii," 1837. A man of fine talent and accom- 
plishtuenis, but of dissipate I habits. 

Heriot, Geouge, postmaster of British 
X. A. Author of " Descriptive P.jcm written in 
the W. Indies," 4to, 1731; " Hist, of Canada," 
8vo, 1804; "Travels thiough the Canadas," 
4to. 1*07. 

Herkimer, .Johx, judge, b. Herkimer Co., 
X.Y., 1773; d. Danube, X Y., .June 8, 184.3. 
Xcphcw of Gen. Xicholas H. He was major 
com. a ball, cf X.Y. vols, in defence of Sackcit's 
Harbor, .May 29, 1813 ; many years judge of 
the Circuit Court; and M. C. in 1817-19 and 
182.3-3. 

Herkimer, Xicholas, brig.-sen., d. Dan- 
ube, X.Y., Aug. 16, 1777, a. ab. 50. He was 
eldest son of J. J. Herkimer, a Palatine, and 
one of the original patentees of Burnet's'Field, 
Herkimer C >., X.Y. He was made licut. of 
militia .Jan. 5, 1758, and com. Fort Herkimer 
during the att.aek of the French and Indians on 
the German Flats in that year. In 1760 he 
lived in the Canajoli.arie dist. ; in 1773 he was 
app. col. 1st batt. Tryon Co. militia, and was 
chairman of the county com. of safety ; Sept. 5, 
1775, he was made brig.-gen. by the convention 
of the Stite ; and Aug. 6, 1 777, com. the forces 
at the battle ot Oriskany, where he received a 
ball which fractured his leg, and oi'Ca<ioncd his 
death. Congress voted him a monument.^ 
Benlon's IhrL: Omuhj. 

Hernandez (cr-nan'-.ieth), Frakcisco, 

Sjianish physician and naturalist, h. TolaJo. 
Coininiss.by Piiilip II to visit X. America. The 
result of his labors w.isa "'Xitnr.il History of 
Trees, Plants, and Animals of Xew Spain," 
&c., 1631. He was the first European natu- 
ralist to explore this region fcr the benefit of 
science. 

Hernandez, Joseph, maj.-gen., d. near 
Mita.izui, Culia.Jnnc 8, 1857. Hcwasaprom- 
injiit Spanish citizen in the Terr, of Fla. at the 
time of its transfer to the U..S. ; its first dele- 
gate u> Contrress, 1323; brig.-gen. militia, 
182.3; and subsequentry a leading member and 



SKR 



432 



HET 



presiding offii-cr o( the Terr. Ic-jisl. He vas in 
tlie U.S. service Iroin Nov. I83.'5 lo May, 183" ; 
briK-gcn. Flit, inoiinteil vols. 18.17-3; dialing, 
under Gen. Je»iip, nnd coin. In alV.iirwItli Fla. 
Indians near .Mo«(|iiito Inlet, Sept. 10, 1837. 
He resided at St. Augustine. 

Hemdon, William I>ewi3, n naval ofB- 
ccr, I). Krckrick^hiirg, Va., Oct. 2.">, 181.3; 
droivncil by the sinking of steamer " Central 
America," Sept. 12, 1857. lie entered llio na- 
vy at the age of 15; served in the Mexican 
war; and w.h ,1 years engaged with his bro.- 
indaw, Lieut. .Maury, in the Observatory at 
Washinu'iou. In 1851-2 he explored the Ama- 
zon Klver under the direction of the U.S. Govt. 
A narrative uf the cxpeil. is contained in ilern- 
don's "Exploration of ihe Vallev of the Kiver 
Amazon " (1^5')), and in I'art li. of the same 
work, by Lieut. Gilibon, who accompanied liiin 
during a part of the journey. 1854. In 1857 he 
was com. ol the steamer "Ceniral America," 
which left Havana for N. York. Sept. 8. Sept. 
1 1, during a violentgale, she sprang a leak, and 
sank on the evening of Sept. 12 near the outer 
edge of the Culf Siream. in lat. .31° 44' N. 

Heron, .\1 vtilda, actre«s, b. Londonderry, 
Ireland. Came to the U.S. very young; be- 
came ihe pupil of P. Uichings; and made her 
first appearance at the Walnut-st. Theatre, 
Phila., Feb. I", 1851, as Bianca in "Fazio." 
After playing in San Francisco, slio began a 
starring-toiir in the summer of 1854 ; and was 
highly .successhil. Uce. 24, 1857, she m. Rob- 
ert Stocpol, from whom she afterwanl separat- 
ed. Apr. I, ISfil, she made her debiil at the 
Lyceum Theatre, London, as Rosalie Lee in 
" Xew Year's Kvc." Camille has been her 
favorite part. — ISrown's Amrr. Sliiije. 

Herrera, Josk Jo.vqimn de, a Mexican 
ores. ; d. in the city of Mexico, Alay 15, 1851. 
lie partieipaleil in many of the Revol. scenes 
in Mexico. Was elected prov. pres. Dee. 6, 
1844, ijnd soon afterward constitutional pres- 
ident, lie was in favor of the recognition of 
Texan independence, and opposed to ihe war 
with the U.S., and was charged by Paredes 
with serking to dismeinlKT Mexico. The army 
iironouneed against him ; and he was deposed 
bee. 30, 1845, anil succeeded by Paredes Her- 
reni was excbnled from military com. until the 
battle of Cerio Gordo ( .\pr. I8,'l847), in which 
he took part. He was again elected pies, 
(.fune 3, 184"*). unil endeavored to restore or- 
der in the tin.inces, but without success. He 
was succeeiled by Arista, Jan. 15, 1851. He 
was a man of hi.-h personal character, and was 
vcrv friendly to the U.S. 

Serrera, Tordesillas Avtosv, hi^io- 
rian, b. L'ue.lar, Spain, 1549 ; d. Madriil, .Mar. 
29, 1625. lie was Hrst sec. to Vespasian de 
Gonzaga. viceroy of Valencia and of Navarre; 
after wlioso deaili Philip II. apii. him roy. his- 
toriographer for the Indies. He was the au- 
thor of " llistiina (JenemI ile los Ihchos c/t lot 
Cm^elUinoi fit ItiH [-iliis 1/ Trrra Fintut lU Mttr 
Ocuanii," 4 vols, folio. Tliij work relates all 
the transactions of the Sjianiiirds in the W In- 
dies from 14'J2 to 1 554. lie al-o pub. n " Gen- 
eral History of his Time, from 1554 to 1598," 
3 vols. fol. At the time of his death, he had 
obtained from I'hi'.ip IV. the brevi-i of the first 



vacant post of sec. of stale. His Ilisiorj-, trans- 
latcd bv J. Stevens, was pub. Loud. 6 vols. 
171II. 

Herrick, Edward Clacdics, scholar, b. 
N. Haven, Ct., Feb. 24, 1811 ; d. there Juno 
11,1802. Son of Uev. Claudius. He n-ceivod 
o good academical education, then eni;aged in 
liook-selliiig; was librarian ol Y.C. from 1849 
lo 1858, and treasurer from 1852 until hi-><lcuih. 
Since 1852 he bad h id char;.'e of the triennial 
catalogui', supervised the <jf>llege pnijieriy, and 
held many important trusts in connection with 
municipal affairs, lie paid gn'ai atteiiiion to 
entomology, meteorology, and astronomy. The 
A:nrr. Jour, uf .Science contains many valuable 
articles from him. He was learned also in 
bibliograiihv. local historv, nnd general litera- 
ture. — l(i/f Coll. Mil. ll'ec. 

Herriag, .James, pon.-painter, 27 years 
grand see. of the graml lodge of Masons; d. 
Paris, France, 8 Oct. 1867. lleexcellcil in his 
art, and in his thorough knowledge of masonic 
laws ami usages. With Longacrc, he illustrnled 
Amer. Biography in the "Naiional Portrait 
Gallery," 18.34-9; 4 vols. 8vo, Phila. 

Herron, (!es. Francis J., b. Pittsburg, Pn. 
Kemoviiig to Uubuipie ah. 1856, he engaged 
in business there ; org. and com. " The Govern- 
or's Grays," with wliicli he served in tlic 1st la. 
rcgt., and wosdisiiiig. at Wilson's Creek; raised 
the 9th 1.1. rcgt., and was coiiimis. lleiiI.<ol. ; 
com. it in battle of Pea Kiilce, and was wounded 
and captured in the second il.iy's fight, hut was 
soon exchanged ; and was in iile brig.-gen. 
July 16, 1862. He especially disting. bimscir 
in coin, at the battle of Prairie Grove, Ark., 
Dee. 7, 1862, soon after which he captured Van 
Burin, Ark. Maj.-gcn. -Nov. 25, 1862. He 
took part in the capture of Viiksbiirg, nnd after- 
ward in Gen. Banks's opi'rations in La. After 
the war, praeti-cd low in N. tirleans, and held 
the office of U.S. marshal tor I.a. 

Hersey, Kzekiel, phNs-clan.b. Hin;:ham, 
Mv. Si-pt. 21, 1709; d. "ibi-re IKc. 9. 1770. 
II. U. 1728. After studying uider Dr. l)al- 
hoiide of Boston, he esIal^li^ll■ d himse f in bis 
native town, and soon Ixcamc famous At his 
deatli, he beqiiealhed .£1 .INII. and a like sum at 
the deieasc of his widow, lor the snp|iortof a 
prof of anatomy and surgery at II. U. ; and, 
l)y his influence, his bro.. Dr. ,\bner, adiled 
£500 lo the same fund. Ile also left funds for 
the esbililishinent of an acail at Hin.'bam. Dr. 
Hersey was cininenily humane and benevolent. 
— Tliarlier. 

Heth, Henry, maj.-gen. C S. A., b. Va. 
all. ISl'5. West Point, l,s47. Kniering the 
6ih Int.. be became Isi lieul. in June, 1853; 
adj. in Nov. 1 854 ; and capt. lOih Inf. 3 .March, 
1855; he resi^-ned April 25, 1861 ; entered 
the service of Va. as u brig.-gen. ; niaj.-Li'n. 
M.iy 24, 1863 ; com. a divi-ion in A. P. Hill's 
corps In Va ; engaged at Getiysliurg, and in 
the campaigns of 1864-5 ; surrendered with 
U-e. 

Heth, Cm.. William. Kcvol. officer; d. 
Uicliinond, Vu., April 15, 1807. Wounded at 
Queliee. under Montgomery; made lieut.Hol. 
3d Va. reu'l. April 1, 1777; alterward com. that 
rcgt. to the close of the war, serving with Lin- 
coln at the siege of Charleston. Ileceived alter 



433 



mc 



ttip war a lucrative office from Washing- 
ton. 

Hewes, George Robert Twei.te, one 
of the Boston Tea Party, b. Boston, Sept. 5, 
1742 ; (i. Richfielil, Otsego Co., N.Y , Nov. 5, 
1840. His education was scanty; farming, 
fishing, and shoemaking being his cliief em- 
ployments. He was excitable and patriotic ; 
took part in the various ante-revolutionary 
disturbances in Boston ; and engaged in the 
naval, and afterwjirvls in the military service 
ot his country during the Revolution. "Traits 
of the Tea Panv," with a Memoir of Hewes, 
wasjiub. X.Y. i83:>. 

Hewes, Joseph, signer of the Decl. of 
Indcp., b. Kingston, N.J., 1730; d. Phila. 
Nov. 10, 1779. Of Quaker parentage. He was 
educated at N.J. Coll. ; engaged in mercantile 
business in Phila., and ab. 1760 in Edenton, 
N.C. Having been a member of the colonial 
legisl. in 176.'t, he w.is in 1774 sent as a dele- 
gate to Congress. He was soon ai>p. on a 
com. to " state the rights of the Colonies ; " 
aided in the preparation of its report ; and, 
though a merchant, entered heartily into the 
plan of non-importatioit. Mr. Hewes served 
with reputation on many of the most im- 
portant committees during 1775-6. He was 
at the head of the naval committee, and in 
effect the tirst sec. of the U.S. navy ; declined 
a re-electi jn in 1777 ; resnme^d his seat in July, 
1779; but, his health failing rapidly, he re- 
signed Oct. 29. 

Hewit, Nath.ixiel, D.U. (Amh. Coll. 
1830), Cong, clergyman and author, b. N. 
Lond., Ct., 28 Aug.1788; d. Bridgeport, Ct., 
3 Feb. 1867. Y.C. 1808. Teacher in the 
Plainfield Acad. ; licensed to preach 24 Sept. 
1811; pastoratPlattsburg, N.Y. . 1815-17: of 
the First Cong. Ch., Fairfield, Ct., 1818-27; 
was engaged the ne.\t 3 years in the temper- 
ance reform, earning the title of " the Luther " 
of the early temperance reformation ; pastor 
2d Cong. Ch.,Bridgeport,Ct., 1830-53 ; one of 
the founders in 1833 of the Hartford 1 heol. 
Institute ; pastor of the Old School Church, 
Bridgeport, 1853-62. — Y. C. Ot.il. litrord. 

Hewitt, Ale.\andeb, D.D.,puh. an " His- 
torical Account of S.C. and Ga," 2 vols., 
Lond. 1779; Sermons, Lond. 1803-5, 2 vols. 
8vo. 

Hewitt (Stebbins), Maisv Elizabeth, 
auihoress. b. Maiden, Ms. Her faiher, a farm- 
er named Moore, died when she was but 3 
years oM. Her mother removed with her to 
Boston, where Mary was m. to Jas. L. Hewitt, 
and established her residence in N.Y. In 18.54 
she m. R. Stebbins of N.Y. She is chWf\y 
known by her poetry, which ha-s appeared in 
various periodicals, and in a collection entitled 
"Songs of Our Land," 1845. In 1850 she 
edited " I'he Gem of the Western World " and 
the "Memorial," the latter a tribute to her 
friend Mrs. Frances S. (Jsgood. Also author 
of " The Heroines of History," 1856. 

Hewson, Thomas Tickei.l, M.D., an 
eminent phvsician, b. Lond. Apr. 9. 1773; d. 
Phila. Feb. "l 7, 1848. Phila. Coll. 1789. His 
father. Dr. William Hewson, d, when he was a 
year old ; and in 1786 became with his mother 
to Phila. He studied medicine there, and as 



house-surgeon at St. Bartholomew's, Lond. 
also in Edinburgh ; returned to Phila. in July, 
1796; began practice, was physician to the 
Walnut-st. Prison from 1806 to 1818; rendered 
valuable service during a malignant epidemic 
in 1817-18; became prof, of conip. anatomy 
in the U. of Pa. in Dec. 1816; was its sec. and 
censor from 1802 to 1835 ; and pres. from July, 
1835, to his death. Many years a surgeon 
in the Phila. Almshouse; physician to the 
O'phan Asylum 1817-1837; surgeon of the 
Pa. Hospital 1818-35; and took a principal 
part in tlie formation and revision of the nat. 
pharmacopoeia. In 1822 he established a pri- 
vate nicd. school, in which he taught anatomy 
and the practice several years. He was a mem- 
ber or officer of many medical and philos. 
societies. He transl. Swediaur's " Treatise on 
Syphilis," Phila., 8vo, 1815. — See Obit. Notice, 
h// F. linclie, Phila , 8vo, 1850. 

HiacooiEes, the first Indian convert to 
Christianity in N.E. ; d. ab. 1690. a. 80. He 
was at Martha's Vineyard when first settled 
by the whites in 1642, and was converted by 
Thomas Mayhew. He learned to read, and in 
1645 began to preach to his countrymen with 
success. Aug. 22, 1670, an Indian church was 
formed tln-re ; and Hiacoomes and Tackanash 
were ord. pastor and teacher by Eliot and 
Cotton. He was faithful and successful, and 
was courageous in reprehending the Indians 
for worshipping their false gods and adhering 
to their powwows. 

Hibbard, Fkeeborx Gareetsox. clergy- 
man and author, b. New Rochelle, N.Y., Feb. 
22, 1811. At the age of 18 he entered the 
ministry of the .\I.E. church, in which he has 
held .several important stations; and at a gen. 
conf. was chosen editor of the Nortlurn Chiis- 
tiitn Adcocate. Author of " Baptism, its Import, 
Mode, Efficacy, and Ilelative Order ; " " Ge- 
ogra]ihy a?icl History of Palestine ; " and the 
" Psahns Chronologically arranged, with Hist. 
Introductions, and a Gen. Introd.," 8vo. 1856. 

Hickok, Laurens Perseds, D.D.,LL.D., 
metaphysician, b. Dan'mry. Ct., Dee. 22, 1798. 
Un. Coll. 1820. He stuilied theology; was li- 
censed 10 preach in 1822; and was |)astor suc- 
cessively at Xewtown and Litchfield. Prof, of 
theol. in the W. Reserve Coll., O., 1836-4*. 
In 1844 he became prof, in the Auburn Theol. 
Sem. ; and in 1852 removed to Schenectady, 
N.Y., as prof, of mental and moral science; 
also vicc-pres. of Un. Coll.; and pres. since 
Mar. 5, 1866. Besides occasional sermons, ad- 
dresses,and ccmtribs. to religious periodicals, he 
has pub. '■ Rational Psychology,"^ 1848 ; " .M.)r- 
al Science," 1853; " Empirical PsychidoL'y. or 
the Human Mind as Given in Consciousness," 
1854; and "Rational Cosmology," 1858. 

Hickox, John Howard, b. Albany, N.Y., 
1832. Assist, lib. N.Y. State Library. "Author 
of " Hist. Acct. of American Coinage," 8vo, 
185S. 

Hicks, Elias, a disting. Quaker preacher, 
b. Hempstead, L.I., Mar. 19, 1748; d. Jeri- 
cho, L.I., Feb. 27, 1830. He early evinced un- 
usual ability lor public speaking; at the age 
of 27 was a formally-recognized preacher ; soon 
became a leader, and was eminently successful. 
After many years' preaching, and study of the 



mo 



4C4 



HIO 



Scripturfs. he orentpil n »rhi»m in the hodv, 
»>Siih n'siiltixl finally in a jienniinent sciani- 
tloii. Tlic secfilers. tnkin.' the name of iheir 
leiiiler, were ilenoniiniiled Ilick»ices. Frieml 
lliik-> inivilled cxien«ivilv ii> adrnncc his 
views, p?enet»in;j whervver he went willi ;rn*tit 
cliKjnenee lie pn'-«'iTe<l his intellerliiiil vij;"r 
l!ll l;iie in hie, vi>iiinjr. when 80 year* of ni?!, 
K. J., 1*11., Mil., Ohio, Inil., nnil ihc nonturn 
iin.l west' m piirt of N.Y. Auihor of'Elias 
llieks's Joiimiil of his Life anil Lnhors," I'hila. 
ISi8; "Sermons," 1828; "Ohscrviitions on 
SInvery," 8vo, N.V.. 1811 ; " Doclriniil Epis- 
tle," written in ISiO, puh. 8vo, 1824; anil 
" Letters " on hi< doeirine.-, I2mo, 1824. 

Hicks, Thomas, piiinter, h. Newtown, 
Hacks Co., I'll, Oct.18, 1823. A ilest-emliint of 
the preceilin;^. He was eilncnuil a Quaker. In 
IMS. alter copyin); the casts in the Pa. Acail. 
uf fine Arts, lie entered the Life and Antique 
8i'lioiiUof the Nut. Arad. in NY., to whose ex- 
hibition in 1841 he eontrib. a picinre of " The 
l>enth of Aliel." For several years he painteil 
portraits and eompositions, residing' in hliirope 
in 184.V9. Establishing himself in Rome in 
Ihc nntunin of 1845. he paintnl, anions o;hcr 
works, a hall-length figure called " Iiali.i." In 
the suceeeilinj; >prin;:, on the last ni;;ht of the 
Carnival, he was stabbed in the bark with a 
(lilctto while crossing' the I'iana Colonna, and 
lay for many weeks in a critieal condition. In 
June, 1848, he went to I'aris ; stuilieil under 
Couture ab. a year ; and, after a brief residence 
in En;;., -ettled in N.Y. City. Me has sime 
ilevolf d hiinselt principally to portrait paintinjr, 
but has oceasionally produced land.-i-aijes and 
fiu'ure-pieces. Aiiioiijj his portraits is that of 
'■ l>r. Kane in the Cabin of ' Tlie Advanci-,' " 
ami a lar;:e pictUR" of" The Contemporaneous 
Auibiirs of America," in which the li(;nres are 
of life-size. lie pub, a Eulogy on Tbos. Craw- 
fbnl in ISfi.i. 

Hicks, Thomas Holltd.it, statesman, b. 
DonhestirCo..Md.,Sept.2.i:9S; d Wa.shiUL'- 
ton, Feb. 1.3, 186.1. He worked on his father s 
farm, and received a plain education ; was 
member of the Const. Conv. of 1849 ; served 
often in the State le;;i>l. ; gov. 1858-62; and 
was eliH'ted US. senator on tlic death of J. A. 
Pcarce, and re-elirtetl f.<r the term ending in 
1867. His firmness and patriotism helped to 
save Md. to the Union. When the 6th Ms. 
regL was att.nckeil,(iov. Ilicks issued a procla- 
mation, declaring; that all his authority would 
l>e ixi n-i*ed in fa«'nr of the govt. 

Hicks, Whitehead, lawver, h. Flushing, 
L.I.. All-. 24, 1728; d. thervOct 1780. Son 
of Thoina* and Mar;jr;iret. Sludicd law in the 
office of lion. Win Smith; adni. to the bir 
Oc< 22. 17:>ii. and bi-came one of the first in 
the pml. ; el.rk of Qneen's Co. Mar. 12. 1752- 
Keb. 28. 1 757 ; mayor of NY. City, Oct. 1 766- 
Feb. 14. 1776 ; anil fmm that time to his death 
a jinL'c of iIk- N.Y. Supreme Court. — O'i'nl- 

Hidalgo y Costilla (hidil'-go e kos-tel- 

vil, Don .Migcei., a Spanish priest, the first 
li-ader in the Mexican war of independence, b. 
S America in the latter part of tlie 18th cen- 
tury : shot at Chihuahua, Mex . 27 Julv, 181 1 . 
Ill 1809 he held a raluable benefice at ()olorcs 



in Oiianaxoito, and was superior in talent and 
C'liicaiion to ihecler^'y in general in New Spain. 
Me is said to have intnxluceil the silkwonn, 
and to have pniinoteil rice-oultiirv in Mexico, 
eontrary to the Spanish system of discouraging 
all manufactures or ngneuliiire whicli could 
interfere with the revenue. Me (m)**!-*.**-!! great 
infiiience with the Indians, whom he had en- 
deavoreil loeilucate, and, having fonneil a plan 
for a gen. iiisnrrcciion, prodiiivd by his elo- 
quent I'xhortntions a general r<-volt against the 
S|uini«h tiovt. Joined by Alb-nde with a few 
Spanish soldiers, 10 Sept. 1810, on the 29ih 
tbey took Guanaxoato ; and. entering Vallinlo- 
lid Oct. 20, Hidal;:o was pniclaimeil generalis- 
simo of the .Mexican army, lie advanced iiium 
the city of Mexico with a large force ; and vil- 
legas, the Spanish viceroy, having but a hand- 
ful of troops, hud recourse to the powerful aid 
of su[K'rstiiion, and pmcured from the an*h- 
bi-liop a sentence of excomninnieaiion ULrainsl 
Mida'go and bis ailbcrcnts. The awe thus in- 
spirx'd, toi.i'ther with the lack of ammunition, 
occiisioni'd a rvtreat Nov. 7 he w.is attacked 
an<l defeated at Acnleo by Calleja. who fol- 
lowed him to Guanaxoiilo, which he took, 
inflicting great slaughter on t!ie insurgents, 
an. I .Ian. 17, 1811, totally defeated hiin at the 
Bridife of Caldenm. Become a fugitive, he was 
taken pri-oner by Biislamentc, one of bis owo 
officers. Mar. 21 » wasdegnided from the priest- 
hood, and put to dca;h. |iersi-ting to the la«t in 
the lu'lief iliat "the knell of the S|uini>h nile 
had iK'cn soiimKil." The people after his death 
re^'-ir.led him as a snint. 

HigglDSOn, KRAXrrs, divine, b. F.ng. 1588 ; 
d Salcin. .\uii. fi, 1610 He reciived hisdej;. 
fnim Si. .lobii's Coll. Cambridge, and settled 
at Leicester, wh re he soon niipiired a high 
re|Mitaiion lor pulpit elixpienci' ; but he subse- 
quently tiecame a I'uritan. Me nfiised offers 
of many excellent livings on .icconnt of his 
opinions, and gnineil a sup|K>rt bv teiehing 
school. When the company of Ms. Bay be- 
gan to form a plantation there in 1628, they 
cngaL-i-d Mr. Higginson to .o thither anl pros- 
ecute his labors. Apprcbendin'.; a summons to 
ap|HMr before the High Coinmi—ion Court, ho 
pi-o:nptlyacquie.sce<l, and June 29, 1629, arrived 
in .Salem harlwr. entering u|Min the pi'rlorm.ince 
of his dutie- (July 20) as teacher of the cong. 
establislieil there. In the succeeilini; ye.ir, in the 
general sickness which ravaged the Colony, he 
was attacked by a hectic fever, of which he nl- 
tiinately died. ' He wrote an aii-onnt of New 
En::, ei'itilied " A Short and True I)e<cii|iiion 
ol iliv I)i«i-ocninodities and CuniMKxIi'ies of the 
Country," reprint, in vo'. i. of the ColN. ol the 
Hist. Soc of M». ; and an .iccount ol his voy- 
n\xv. which is prescrveil in lliitehiiison's i-olliv 
tioii of papers. — Sff .1/em. 'ly AVr. J. 11. Fril 
II CV„.,/ /.',;.. vi. 105. 

Higginson, Joiiit, minister of Salem, 
M- , b. Claybrook, Eng., Aug. 0, 1616 ; d. Sa- 
lem. Dec. 9. 1708 He came over with his 
father. Uev. Francis ; after whose death ho bc- 
cime a teacher at Harifonl, by « bich means he 
was able to assist bis mother in the niain'enance 
of her six childfvn. He was emplove^l by the 
nia^n-tnites and mini-ters of the M«. Col. to 
take down in shorthand the proceedings of 



mo 



435 



TTTT. 



the synoil of 1637. In this he was assisted hy 
(iilcs Firtnin. The recyrd of these proceeti- 
inj,'S h:is never hcen printeil ; hut the MS. is 
known to ha»-e been in existence in 174-3 
(■■cc Hist. Maf. 2(1 ser. vol. iii. p. 26). He wa.s 
afterwards chap'ain of the fort at Saybrook ; 
in 1641 went to Guilford a.s assist, to Rev. 
Henry Whitfield, whose dan. hem.; and in 1643 
WHS one of the "seven pillars " of the church 
there. In 16.i9 he sailed with his family for 
Enj;., but, having put into Salem harbor on ac- 
count of the weather, became pastor of the 
cburch which his father had pbintcd; wasord. 
in Aug. 106O, and continued there till his d. 
He was a zealous opponent of the Quakers, 
although he subsequently ri'gretteil the warmth 
of his zeal ; bu the took no part in the witch- 
craft delusion in 1692, and was a very popular 
preacher. He preached the Election Sermon 
1663. He pub. other occasional discourses, 
also the attestation to the ' Magnalia Ameri- 
cana," with a narrative of the .Mathers, and 
" Testimonv to the Order of the Gospel in the 
Churches of N.E.," &c. 

Higginson, Stepiies, merchant, b. Salem, 
Nov. 28, 1743; d. Boston, Nov. 22, 1828. De- 
scended from Rev. Francis. He wa.s bred to 
mercantile pursuits; and from 1765 to 1775 
was an active and successful shipmaster. On 
a visit to Great Britain in 1 774-5 he was called 
to the bar of the House of Commons, and qties- 
tioncd as to the state of feeling in Ms. ^lem- 
ber Cont. Cong. 1 782-3 ; a firm supporter of 
Washington and Adams ; was navy agent for 
Ms. in 1797-1801 ; was one of Gov. Bowdoin's 
most active and resolute advisers in the sujr 
pression of Sliays's Rebellion ; and was lieut - 
col. of the regt. sent from Boston at that time. 
One of the mo>t successful of the merchants 
of Bo-ton for nearly a third of a century. In 
the war of 1812 hesufFered disasters, and lost 
a large portion of his ample fortune. He m. 
Susan, dau. of Aaron and Susanna (Porter) 
Cleveland. The remarkable essays of " Laco," 
attacking. John Hancock, were generally attrib- 
uted to him. He wrote also a pamnlilet entitled 
" An Examination of Jay's Treaty, by Cato " 
(Boston, 1795). Stepiiex, son of the preced- 
ing, b. Nov. 20, 1770, d. Feb. 20. 18.34. A 
Boston merchant and philanthropist; steward 
of M.U. 1818-34. Habitually spoken of as the 
" Man of Ross " of his day, from his profuse 
charities. He was twice m.; first to Martha 
Siili-bury, afld, after her death, to r»uisa, dau. 
of C ipt. Tbomis Storrowof the British army. 
Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, au- 
thor, »on of the prcfcding, b. Cambridge, Ms., 
D c 22, 1823. H. U. 1841. Harv. Thcol. 
School, 1847. .Minister Ist Cong. Church, Ncw- 
biirvport. 1847-50, and of a free church at 
Worcester in 1852-8. He took an a'-tivc part 
ill the antislavery agitation of this pcrioil ; Wi.3 
wounded in the Anthony Burns atfuir; and 
was indicted with I'arkcr, Phillips, and others, 
but was discharged, from a fiaw in the indict- 
ment. He aided in the organization of parties 
of free State emi'^rants to Kansas in 1856; 
Wiis a hrig.-g"n. on *' Jim'* Lane's staff in the 
free State forces, and was cognizant of Capt. 
John Brown's movements. He has long licen 
a leading contrib. to the Atlantic Munlhli), and 



has pub. "Out door Papers," 1863; "Miilbone,- 
an flldport Romance,' 1869; "Army-Life in 
a Black Regiment," 1870 ; and has edited 
Hnrvard Afmorial Bioi/ra/jliir^, 2 vols. 8vo ; 
a new translation of Epictctns, 1865. He has 
contrib. to the .V. Y. tnde/Kndent , X. Y. Trib- 
unc^ Boston Woman's JtMnial, and Macm3lan*s 
ifaij., London. A French translation of his 
essay on the " Greek Goddesses " appeared in 
the Paws Recw liiilaunique, Oct. 1 869. In the 
blaveholders' rebellion, lie was col. of the hrst 
S. C. Vols., — the first regt. of slaves mu-tercd 
inio the U.S. service; those rai.sed by Butler at 
New Orlcan-i not beii;g slaves. He t'«)k and 
held the town of .Jacksonville, Fla ; was sub- 
sequently wounded in an engagement on the 
Edisto River, and compelled to resign from dis- 
ability in Oct. 1864. He has since resided at 
Newfiort, R. L, engaged in literary pursuits. 
In 1S47 he m. his second cousin Mary, dan. 
of Walter Clianning, M.U., and niece of the 
celebrated divine. 

Hildreth, Ezekiel, teacher and author, 
b. We-ilord, Ms., Julv 18,1784; d. Wheeling, 
Va., .Mar. 15, 1956. 'H.U. 1814. He was 42 
years a teacher in Ohio, Va., Tenn., and Ky. 
He pub. a grammatical work, " Logopolis, or 
City of Words," a " Key to Knowledge," au 
" Essay on the Mortality of the Soul," and 
an " Address on Education," delivered before 
an Educational Conv. in Clarksburg, Va., in 
1836. 

Sildretb, Richard, author and journal- 
ist, b. Deeriield, .Ms., June 28, 1807 ; d. Flor- 
ence, July 11, 1865. H.U. 1826. His father, 
Hosea, was a Cong, clergyman. While study- 
ing law in Ncwburyport, he contrib. to maga- 
zines in Boston, where he practi=ed until he 
began in 1832 to edit the Boston Atlas. In 
1834-5 .Mr Ilildreth resided on a plantation in 
the South. Here he wrote his antislavery 
novel " Archy Moore," repub. and favorably 
received in Eng. In 1852 an enlarged edition 
appeared under the title of" The White Slave." 
In 1S36 he translated, from the French of Du- 
mont, Benthain's " Theory of Legislation," 
1840. His next work was " A History of 
Banks." After passing the winter of 1837-8 
in Washington as corresp. of the Allax, Mr. 
H. resumed his editorial post, advocated Har- 
rison's election to the presidency, and wrote a 
pamphlet biography of his candidate. Aban- 
doning journalism, he pub. in 1840, with the 
title of " Despotism in America," a vol. on 
slavery, to. which, in the edition of 1854, was 
appended a chapter on " The Legal Basis of 
Slavery." He resided in Demar.ara, British 
Gui.in.'i, in 1840-3; and as the editor succes- 
sively of two newsj)apers in Georgetown, the 
capital of the country, he earnestly advocated 
the svstem of free labor. His " Theory of 
Moral's," Boston, 1844, and his "Theory of Pol- 
itics," N. Y. 1853, were written in Guiana. 
Mr. Hildreth's principal work is his " History 
of the U.S.," 6 vols. 8vo, N.Y., 1849-56. He 
also pub. "Japan as it Was and Is," 1855. 
He was a liberal contrib. to various ncwspajiers 
and periodicals, and to cyclopffidias and works 
of a similar character. For several vears Mr. 
H. was one of the editors of the N. i ■ Tiilmne. 
Among other controversial pamphlets from 



HXL. 



4CG 



rrrTi 



hi» pen is n Letter to Prof. Atidrews Norton of 
Cninbriil^'c on " Miriu-lcs." In 1856 he com- 
piled from Lord Campbell's work " Lives of 
AtroeiouH Juil;;es." U.S. consul ut Trieite 
from 1861 till comfiellcd l>y ill he;ilih to relin- 
qiii'h the [Mj-t. — Ap/ileton. 

Hildreth, S.iml-ki. 1'bescott, M. I). 

(l80j), liisloriiin and physicist, b. Melhucn, 
Ms.. Sept •10, I :»■•); d .Miiriellii, O., Julv 21, 

1863. I>es«-ndid Irom Kiihiiid of Cambridge, 
whod. Cln;lm5ri)rd,.M4.,10SS,a. 76. He lab<ii-cd 
on a farm ; received an academic education ; 
and studied n.edicine with Or Kiitrcd;;e of 
Andovcr. He l>e;:an practice in N.II.,butenilt;. 
to ( )hio in 1806 ; locatcrl himsi-irtir^t at Belpr^, 
and tinully, in 180S, at Marietta, where he was 
a suecoshil practitioner lie was in the lei^isl. 
in 1810-11 ; was near 40 years a contrib. to 
Sillliuiin's jminiiil, on meteorology, geolo;.'y, 
and paleontolo;;!' ; ami was in 18'l7 a menit>er 
of the geolo;{ic«l survey. Ilia" History of ihc 
Diseases and Climate of Southeastern Ohio " 
was pub. in I8'J7 by the Cleveland Medical 
Society, of which he was pres. He pub. in 
the l/rsi>eri<in, at Cincinnati, " A History of 
the Setilemcnt of Belleville, Western Va.," in 
Isl"; in 1848, " Pioneer History ;"" Livesof 
the Early Settlers of Ohio," 1 852 ; and con- 
tribs. to the Karly Hist, of the N. West, 12mo, 

1864. His valuable scientific library, and cabi- 
nets of natural history and concholocy. he gave 
to Marietta Coll. He cnntrib. much valuable 
biog. matter to the .V. E. H. and Gen. /I'e/;. — 
See Gmal. Rrij., xviii. 100. 

Hill, Ambko.'^e Powell, lient.-cen. C.S.A., 
b. Culpepcr Co., Va.. 1824; killed in the as- 
sault on Petcrsburir, Va., April 2, 186.1. West 
Point, 184". His father was for many years 
a leading politician and menhant in Culpepcr 
Co. Enlerinir the 1st .\rt., he became l.st 
lieut. Sept. I8.'>1 ; resigned March 1, 1861. 
Engaged during the Slexican war at Hua- 
mantla, 9 Oct., and Atlixco, 12 Oct., 1847 ; 
and in Fla. against the Seminoles in 1849-50. 
From Nov. 1855 until hrs resignation, he had 
assisted in the US coast survey. Made col. 
13ih Va. Vols., and attached to Johnston's 
army, he participated in the battle of Manassas. 
At the battle ol Williamsburg, May, 1862. he 
was a brig. -gen. ; disiing. himselt', and w.is 
made a maj.-gen. He was prominent in ihe 
7-davs' battles lx.-fore liichmoml ; and gained a 
brilliant reputation for bravery, and skill in 
the handling of his troops. He was active 
in the succeeding, campaign against Gen. Pope; 
ca|itured Harper's Ferry. Sept. 14, 1862; and, 
making a forced maicfi, arrived at Antietara 
in season to Uike part in that severe battle. 
At the battle of Frcdi^ricksburg his divi-ion 
formed the riu'ht of .lackson's force, at Chan- 
ccllorsville the ccntrx>, and partii ipatcd in that 
flank movement which crusiii-d Hooker's right. 
The death of Stonewall ilackson gave Hill the 
com., anil he was soon after severely wounded, 
and for gallantry in this battle was promoted 
to lieut. -gen. (.May 20, 186.1), and placed at 
the head of one of the 3 corps of the Army of 
Va. He led his corps at Gettysburg; and in 
the affair at Bristow Station was rcpulseil with 
severe loss. In the great battles of the spring 
of 1S64, next to Gen. Lee, he was th" most 



prominent Cnnfed. encral. June 22, his corps 
with Ix)ngsircct's, repulsed the attemiiton th« 
Wcldon Kailroad. At the nnal attaclc on the 
South-side Railroail and the defences of Peters- 
burg (.March 29-.Vpril 2), Hill was active and 
indefatigabi'e in hi< exenion* to rejicl the Fed- 
eral attack. In the striig.-le fi>r the iKissvssioa . 
of I he works in front ol Petersburg, he wai 
instantly killed bv a r ilk- shot. 

Hilli Gkn. Uanikl Hahvet, b. S.C. ab. 
18J4. We.,t Point, 1842. Knicring the art., 
he became 1st lieut. March 3, 1847 ; was brev. 
capt. for gallantry at Contrcrus and Cliuru- 
busco, and major for Ciiapulte|ii»c ; resigned 
Feb. 23, 1849; w:i8 prof, of matheinntics suc- 
cessively in Wash. Coll., lyexin^-toii, Va., and 
l)av. Coll., N.C. ; and in 1 8.59 l>ccume principal 
of the Milit. Inst, at Charlotte, N.C. Chosen 
May 8, 1301, col. 1st N. C. Vols., he com. at 
(ireat Bethel ; remained under .Magruder at 
Yorktown ; took part in the battles of the 
Peninsular campaign ; and led the attack on 
Gen. Casey at tair Oaks. He aftcnvanl com. 
the dept. of the Appomntiox, havini; his head- 
quarters at Petersburg, Va., and held the rank 
of maj.-gen.; com. a division at Fredericks- 
burg and Chnnecllorsville ; attacked Fort An- 
derson, opposite Newl>ern, N.C, 14 Mar. 1863, 
and was repulsed ; and com. at Augusta, S.C, 
in Feb 1865. He has pub. " K.eincnts of Al- 
gebra," a vol. <m "The Sermon on the Mount," 
and one entitled " The Crucifixion of Christ." 
He was a bro.-in-law of Geii. T. J. Jackson, 
bavin'/ m. a Miss Morrison of N.C. 

Hill, George, poet, b. Guilford, Ct., 29 
Jan. 1796. Y.C. 1816. Son of Jud^'c Henry. 
He was first employed in the U.S. land oftice 
at Washington, and entered the navy in 1827 
as a teacher of math., in which Ciipaciiy he 
made a cruise in the Mediternmcan. ))n his 
return he became librarian of the state dept. at 
Washington ; in 18.'19 was app. U.S. consul 
for the southeni portion of Asia Minor, which 
he was soon obliged by ill health to decline. 
Returning to Washington, he became a clerk 
in the dept. of state, resi;:ning in 1855. He 
pub. anonymonsly, in 18;il, "The Kiiins of 
Alliens," wiili a few short poems, reprinted 
with his name in I8'I9. — fireresl's PotlsoJ'Ct. 

Hill, George H. (Vmikce Hi!l), b. Bos- 
ton. 1799; d. Saratou-a. N.V., Sept. 27, 1S49. 
He first recited Yanko' stories at the Warren 
Theatre, Boston ; and afterward playeil in Yan- 
kee chanictcrs at the Park, N.Y , ut the I<nnd. 
Adelphi in 1838. and in many other theatres 
with success. — Uroatt's Ainrr. Stn^, 

Hill, Isaac, politician and journalist of 
N.ll., b. Cambridge. Ms.. April 6, 1788; d. 
Washington, D.C, .Mar. 22, 1851. Hisparcnts 
removed to Ashhiimham, .Ms. At the age of 
14 he was apprenticed to the pub. of the .-Ini- 
lurst Citl.iuri. In 1809 he went to Concord, 
purchased the Amer. J'uliiol, changed its name 
tothe X/I.Patri<jl,&ni\ made it the organ of the 
Itepub. party ; and ius columns were sup|H>rtcd 
by contribs. from the ablest men of the party, 
giving it for 20 years nn immense influence. 
Ill 1828, after filling several posts in the State 
legisl., he was an unsuccessful candidate for 
the U.S. senate. In 1 829 he was second cinnpl. 
of the treasury; U.S. senator 1830-6; {jot. 



HIL 



437 



IIIL 



1S36-9; U.S. sub. tvcns. at Boston 1840-1. 
In 1S40, in connection with his two oldest 
sons, he established Uill'^ NM. Patnot wh.ch 
tliey pub. and edited until 1847. He also pub. 
the Arme,-'* MoiMy Visitor for the last htteen 
years of his life. His.biog., speeches, and 
misc. writin};s, were pub. Concord 183d 
• Hill, Thomas, U.D., LL.D. (YC. 1863), 
cler'vuian and mathematician, b. New bruns- 
wick,' N.J., Jan. 7, 1818. H.U. 1843. H.s 
fatl.eV, a tanner by trade, was for many years 
jud-e of the Superior Court ot Common 
Pleas Both of his parent-s were hnglish. 
Left an orphan at the a-e of 10 ; at 12 he was 
anprcniiced to a printer; at IT, after a years 
altendunce at school, entered an apothecary s 
shop, and se,ved in it 3^ years. He studied at 
the C.mibridfje Divinity School till 184d, when 
he WIS settled at Waltham. He is a Unitarian. 
In 1853 he Miceeeded Horace Mann in the 
presideucv of Antioch Coll.. Yellow bprinss, 
Ohio; and in 1862-S was pres. of U.U. 
Has been a frequent contrib. to the periodical 
and occasional literature of the day, having 
written poems, reviews, translations, and essays 
for the Clii-i<lian Examiner, ReliqtoHS ilagazme, 
Phono, raMr Maq., N. A. Revie.o, and AilanUc 
MontUii and iiub. sermons, k'ctures and ad- 
d,csse»^ and papers in " The Proceedings of 
the American Assoeiaiiou for the Advance- 
ment of Science." He has also written most 
of the mathematical articles tor the New Amer. 
Cvclonsed.a, an "Elementary Treatise on 
Ariihmetie," ■'Geometry and Faith, and 
•■ Fir»t Le»sons in Geometry." It is, howevei, 
in his investigations in curves that he has dis- 
p:ayed the greatest originality and fertility. — 

APf^Cion. . 1 T7„„ 

Hill, Thomas, landscape-painter, b. bng. 

While very young, his parents settled in 

Taunton, Ms. Occupied many years as a 

caria-c-painter and as a decorator of cottage 

InrniiTire, he attained such repute, that ne was 

made a ijartner in a furniture-house in 1 hila., 

", which he remained 12 years (1845-57) ; he in 

nco estal.li_~hed himself as a portrau-pamter 

in San Francisco, subsequently devoting mn- 

sell to landscapes with bnlliant success. After 

studyin- at Paris'under Paul Myerheun, he in 

Mav 1868, established himself in Boston and 

now ( 187 1 ) has a studio at Cambridge. Ue is 

well known by his California scenery. His 

ma terpiece is a view of the Yosemite Valley. 

While i^ical. he painted the Trial-Seene from 

'• The Merchant of Venice." v r- i? i, 

Hill, WiiiTMELL, b. Bertie Co , XU., icii. 

1-5 174.3; d. Hills Ferry, Martin Co., -N.C., 

s" t 4 1-'J7 U ofl'A He was a dclc-ate 

w the 'congresses at Hillsborough and Halitax, 

1775-6 ; wa.s lieut.-col. of the Coventry mihtia, 

and delegate to the Cont. Congress in 1 , ,8- 

81 . Previous to 1 785 he was trcquentl) in the 

hou'io or senate of N.C. 

HiUard, Gkorob bxii-LMAS, I.L.D. l nn 
lO^Ti liwvcr orator, and man of letlcis, b. 
M ilia' i;ie;22S;pt J808. H.U .828^ 
Ills mother was a dau of Gen S.i llinan He 
was associated with George Bancrolt in the 
Round Hill Sem. at Northampton, Ms. ; was 
achn to the Boston bar in 1833, and acquired 
an extensive practice; was a member of the 



common council of Boston in 1845-,, and mx 
months its pres. ; member of the btatc legisl. , 
State senator 1849-50; city solicitor in 18^4- 
6 • U S. dist. atty. for Ms. 1867-70. In 18.33 
he conducted, wiih George Kipley, a week y 
Unitarian |)aper, the Christ. Rey.sler In 18.39 
he edited Spenser's works in 5 vols. 8vo, cstab- 
lishiu"- his reputation as a scholar; m 1840 lie 



isniug Ills i>;jjui,.n,.u.. ..- .. w...--^-- , 

pub. a translation of Guizot's Essav on \} ash- 
[ncton • in 1843 he was the Phi Beta Kappa 
orator at Cambridge; in 1846 he delivered and 
nub. a lecture on the Connection between 
Geo-raphv and History, unfolding the princi- 
nles^ of comparative physical geography ; in 
1847 he delivered 12 lectures before the Lowell 
Institute on John Milton; in 1852 he delivered 
the Eulo-y on Daniel Webster before the city 
authorities of Boston; and in 1853 edited the 
VVeb.ster "Memorial;" in 1856 he edited a 
selection from the works of Walter Savage 
Landor. He visited Europe, and in 18;).3 pub. 
bis " Six Months in Italy," 2 vols. 12nio. 
He was some time an associate editor ot tlie 
Jurist, and for several years a principal editor 
of the Boston Courier. He is also the author 
of " Life and Campaigns of George B. Met It 1- 
lan " 1865, and of an excellent series of school- 
readers now in general use. Besides the above 
he has eontrili. a Memoir of Capt. John Smith 
to Sparks's Amer. Biog. ; articles on Everett 
and Choate to the " New Amer, Cyclopsedia , 
and upon various subjects to the C/ins(. h.mm- 
iner X American Review, &c. 

Hillegas, Michael, 1st U.S. treas. ; d. 
Phila. 29 Sept. IbW, a. 76. , 

Hillhouse, J-vmes LL.D ( Y-C. 18-3 , 
lawvcr and senator, b. Montville Ct Oc . 21 , 
1754 ; d. N. Haven, Dec. 29, 1832. Y.C. 1-3. 
William, his father (member of the council of 
safety during the Revol., 50 years in the State 
k-isl,, 40 years judge C.C.P., meraVer Cont 
Congi'ess r78.3-6), d. Jan. 12, 1816, a. 87 A 
bro James Abraham, a disting lawyer of N. 
Hv'en a.Jah-,1822,a.87. Y.C. 1749 James 
practised law ; took an active part in the Kerol 
Lu--le ; and, when N. Haven was invaded 
bv the British under Tryon, was coin, of the 
^ov's euards; M.C. 1791-4; U.S. senator 
1794-1810, and pres. pro tern, in 1800 ; com- 
miss of the school fund from 1810 to 182o, 
wh'en he undertook to conduct the construction 
of the Farmington and Ilanipshire Canal. 
Treas. of Yale Coll. from 1782 ti 1 his death ; 
member of the Hartford Conv. He m. a dau. 
of Col. .Melancthon VVoolsey._ He pub. a num- 

'"milhouse,' James Abraham, poet.KX. 
Huven, Sept. 26, 1789 ; d. there Jan. 4, 1841. 
Y C 1 808. Son of the preceding. He dev otcU 
several years to mercantile P"''"""*, '" -^- J," 
which led him to visit Europe in 1819. He 
m in 1822, and retired to the beantilul rural 
snot called Sachem's Wood, where he was born , 
mikin" literature raiher an amusement than 
an oc. upaiion. He united vigor of thought to 
a brilliant fancy, an exquisite taste, and a cor- 
reet and elegant dietiou. Some V,^ !"* P' b" 
cipal poems are "Percy's M'^rn""' T lud ' 
in 1820 ; " Hadad," 1825 ; and " Plie Judg- 
ment," delivered before the Phi Beta Kappa 
Society at New Haven, 1812. U.s literary 



TTTT. 



408 



productions were collected b_v himself, and pub. 
Ill IK')9 in two vols. l'2ino, umlor the (iile of 
•' DriTiiiis. I)i>c(iiir!ies, nn'l other Picci-s." 

Hilliard, D'Aitiikuteuil, |iul>lici!>t, h. 

runs all 1741) ; il. ali. I78'J. Afierexei-ci>ing 
fur leii venr* llic |>roK'ssion of iin a<lt'oeaiu lit 
St. Dumin^ro, lie rcliiiiicd lo I'aris, ivticre lie 
puh. ■' Co/wiiteii/icnii I'll- /'AVi/ Pi^siut lie .il. 
Voinim/iif," 1770, 2 vols. 8vii, siipiires-ied by n 
ilteiee (it roiiiuil in 1 777. In 1 777-8 lie vi»i'ti-d 
the Kn;.'ii.'ili ('oluiiiesduriii); llicirslruu};l'-'"'>tb 
the niutlier*euiiii(ry. lli.-i ** EtWiis iJitlon'i/itcs 
rl Puiliijiiissiirlrs Ani/lu-Amfnciiiiif " a|ipcare<l 
in I7>'L', 2 voIh. 8vo, ISriixelles, ami was con- 
liiHiiil iiiidor llie title of " KiixiiM I/islorii/iietrl 
I'tititiiims sitr tes Iitftt)liitlons de I 'Am^ritpte iSep- 
ff;i/iioi(ii/f.".3 vols. 8vo, 1783. Imprisoned in 
1784 in loiiserpiencc of his first pulilicalion, ho 
soon riTuveied his liberty, and in 1789 re- 
tiirneil lo St. Domingo, where some have sup- 
po*'d III' WHS assassinated. — /ti(¥i. Ciu'r. .Siifutt. 

Hilliard, Francis, 1>. C'ainhri.l;.'e, .\I-., 
all. I8U8. II. U. 182.). Son ol William, Ixjok- 
seller of Huston. Jiid|^ of Uu.xliiirv I'oliee 
Court ; roiiiiiiiss. and jtid^e of iiisolv. lor Norf. 
Co. ; aiiilior of " Ui^^est of I'iekerinu's l{e- 
porls ; " " Sales of Personal I'ropirly," 8vo, 
1841 ; " Ainer. Lawof Real Property!" 2 vols. 
8vo, 1855; " Amer. Juris;>nldence," 8vo, 
1848; "Law of Vendors and Purchasers," 2 
vols. Svo, 1858 ; " Treatise on Torts," 2 vols. ; 
" Ueniedy for Torts; ""New Trials," 1806; 
" Law of Iiijnnetions ; " Hilliard " on Mort- 
ga;;es." 2 vols., and on " Bankruptcy." 

Hilliard, Ukn-ky Wasuinotun. politician 
and scli.ilar, li. Cumberland Co., N.C., Aug. 8, 
1808. S.C. Coll. 1826. He studied law, and 
settled in Ga., but in 1831 became a citizen of 
Ala., and was for 3 years a prof, in the State U. 
In 18.)8 be was elected to the State legisl.; 
in 1842 Alls app. by Pres. Tvler minister lo 
Belgium; and was .\l.C. in 184.1-51 : a vol. of 
his s|ieeehes was pub. in 1855. He opposed 
the XViliiHit Proviso; was a proniiiicnt advo- 
cate of the compromise measures of 185(1, and 
a seee^^i<lnist in 1861. 

Hillsborough, Wills Hill, Karl of, 
prineijial >(trvlaiy of state for the Amer. dcpt. 
in I70.S-71 and 1779-82, h. Fuirlord, (Glouces- 
tershire. Kiig., 30 May, 1718 ; d. 7 (Jet. 1793. 
He look Ills seal in ihc Irish house of |H>crs 
in 1743; in the privy council in 1734; was 
first lord of trade in 1766; jiostniuster-;^;n. in 
1766-8; and was made viscount, and earl of 
Harwich, in 1772. 

Hillyer. Asa, n.D. (Alh-h. Coll. 1818), 
Presl>. mi.ii^t.-r of Orange, N.J. (I811I-.T)), 
b. Sh.fbild, M-., 6 April, 1763; d. in N.Y 28 
Aug. If4l). V.C. 1786. ,()rd. at Bottle Hill, 
N.,J., 29 Sept. 1789. In'l837 he sided with 
the New S-hool.— .S>m7»e. 

HllaOD, Mil. and MitA. Tikimas, actors. 
Mr. II. was II. I.ond., ICn:; , 1784; d. I^mis- 
villc. Kv., .lulv 23, 18.)4. First app. at the Park, 
N.Y., Hs Waiter in " Child, of the Wcmd ; " 
in Phila. at An-h St.. Sept. 11. 1832, as Dash- 
wood in " Know Your tlwii Mind." Mr*. H., 
formerly Kllen Augusta ,l(>hnst<iii, was U. I Sol ; 
d N.Y. ("ity, Apr. 2, 18.17. .Made her rf<^.ii/ 
at the Park Theatre, with which her parents 
wvru i-onnccted, Jan. 15, 1817, as Amanihis iu 



" The Child of Nature ; " remained there until 
I8,'l0; o|>cned as Lady Teazle at Walnul- 
Bt. Theatre, Phila., Sept. 12, 1831 ; married 
Mr. Ililson, Aug. 1825. The iiuir pinvol an 
eiiL'agement at the Tremont Tlieatre, Boston, 
in 1'<.'7. — l{ii,u:n's .lyi' rii^an SUvjt. 

Hinckley, Isabella. — Sec SfSiM. 

Hinckley, Thomas, la-t gor. of Plym- 
outh, l>. Kiig. ab. 1618; d. Barnstable, Apr. 
25, 1706. Son of .^ainiicl of Teiilerdvn in 
Kent, and Sarah Hinckley, wiili whom he 
came to Sciiuatc in 1635, and in 1039 removed 
10 Barnstable. He soon liecame proininunt in 
the affairs of the Colony ; was a dcp. in li>45 ; a 
representative in 1647 ; a magistrate and a.ssist. 
from 1058 to 1680 ; dep. guv. 1080 ; gov. from 
1681, exceptduring the interruption by Andios, 
until the union with the Ms. Colony in 1092. 
He was also a coininiss. on the (jenerul Board 
of tlic two Colonics from 1673 10 1692, when he 
liecaine n councillor. Among the MS.S. of ihe 
N.K. or Old South Church Library, which in 
1866 were de|H>sitcd iu the Boston Public 
Library, arc 3 vols, folio of papers collecled by 
(jov. Uintkley. 

HinckS, Sir Francis, C.B., a Canadian 
statesiiiun, b. Cork, Ireland, 1795. Son of Dr. 
Hincks, a Presb. clergyman. Was edueuled at 
Feriiioy and Belfast ; liecaine a merchant ; and 
in 1832 settled in Toroiilu, Canada. Under 
Lord Durham's adininiMraiion he edited the 
Kniiiiiiier with such talent and vigor, that in 
1841 he was elected lo parliament for Oxford 
Co., and was soim after app. insp.-gen. From 
July, 1851, until late in 1854, lie was prinie- 
niiiiistcr of Canada. He again cnterciJ par- 
liament in 1855, when he was app. gov. and 
coni.-in-i'liicf of the Windward Islands ; and in 
1860-0 he was gov. of British (iuiaiia. He did 
much to promote the coKslruitinn ol railways, 
especially the Griuid Trunk Kailway of Cana- 
da. Mill, of finance for the Duin. of Canada 
since 1809. — Mun/ttit. 

Hind) Hknry Yolle, gcolo^cist, b. Not- 
lingliain, Em:., .June. 1823. Ivducutcd at 
Leipzig and Cambridge. Came to Canada in 
1847 ; plot, of chemistry and geology, Tiinily 
Coll., Toronto, since 18.53. He acconip. the 
Ked-river exploring exiied. in 1857-8, his re- 
ports ol which have bicii |iiib. as n " Narra- 
tive of ihe Canadian Kxpcd," &e., I8C0. lie 
expbired a pun of Labrador in 1801 ; edited 
the ./omim/ (»/■ Siirwv iinil .Irl 1852-3; and in 
1801 iHgan'the ./uiin.til u/' Aiin iiiiil Mmtiift. 
In 1854 he received llic pi iie of £100 lor the 
best c«say nil the Means of preserving the Har- 
bor of 'loroiito. 

Hindman, Gen. Tiiosia.s C, b. Tcnn., 
1818; killed in Helena, Aik.. Sept. 27, 1868. 
2d lieul. of Mpi. vols, in the .Mexican »ar, and 
was a Deinoc. M.C. in 1859-01. Memlicr of 
the Cliarle^toM Conveniion of I80O. When the 
KelK'llion broke onl. he was inadea brig.-gen. in 
the Coiifed. army, and |>roiuoied subsequently 
lo maj gen. He first served under Bui kiier in 
Ky.. and had cotumaiid at Memphis. At New- 
lo'iiiii, his force of from 1 5,tKNj ui 20.<H)0 n a> put 
to fli-lil by Gens. Schofield and Blunt. Hav- 
ing collected his forces at Van Buren, Ark., he 
crossed the Arkansas with 25,IHK) men, and ad- 
vanced io \)iX. 1862 lo Prairie Grove, where he 



JEIIIN- 



439 



HIT 



was ik.fo;Uea by C.uns. Blunt and Herron. Af- 
ler tlic li.ilde of Shiloli, in wliicli lie jjartici- 
patal, aiij liom which his cuinniissiun ot maj.- 
gun. (I;iii;il, he was transluncil to Ark., and 
com. in [IniC State during its occupation In' 
Gen. Curtis. He com. a division in Polk's 
corps at Chickamauj^ii. He went to Mexico 
alter the peace, hut returned to Helena in the 
spring; o( 1867, and was assassinated In- one of 
Ins lornier soldiers. 

Hindman, William, delegate from Md. 
to ihe Old Congl■e^s 1784-7, JI. C. 1792-9, 
U S. senator 18U0-1 ; d. Jan. 26, 1822. 

Hinds, Gen. Thomas; d. Jell'. Co , Mpi., 
Aug. 2:1. 1840, a. ab. 63. Maj. com. Mpi. cav. 
vols. lSl:i; lieut.-col. com. 1814-15; disting. 
un<ler Jackson at N. Orleans ; U.S. lMig.-^:en. 
of iniljtia lor Mpi. 1 err. July 7, 1815; M.C. 
182.<-:3I. — tfVi/rf-.fr. 

Hinks, liuwAiJD W., brevet, hrig.-gcn. 
U.S.A , li. Hncksport, .Me., 30 Mav, I8;i0. De- 
scended Iron. Jnd-e John Hiuckes ol N. U. 
He movod 10 Bangor in Dec. 1846, to Boston 
in 1849, and now resides in ( anibriilge, Ms. 
ilcniber of the Boston citv council, and of the 
Ms. legisl. in 1855. A primer in Boston, and 
ailjt. 81I1 M.V'.M.; I8lh Dee. 18G0 wrote to 
i\laj. Ander.ion, tendering a vol. force to aid 
in delence of Fort Monitrie; 21 April. 1860, 
whiic en route to Washington with his rcgt.. 
Com. a jjarty wliich saved the frigate " Consti- 
tution " at Annapolis, and repaired the bridge 
and railroail ut Annapolis Jimeiion; app. 2d 
iicut. 2d U.S. Cav. 26 Apr. 1861; lieut.-col. 
8tli Ms. Vols. .30 Apr. 1861; col. 16th Ma\ . 
1861; col. lyth Ms. Vols. 3 Aug. 1861 ; hrig.- 
geii. vols. 29 Nov. 1862; brcv. inaj.-geii. 13 
Mar. 1865; Iicut -col. 40ih U.S. Inf. 28 July, 
1866; brev. col. U.S.A. 2 Mar. 1867 lor Aii- 
tiel.im; brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 2 Mar. 1866 
for Petersburg, Va. ; retired 15 Dec. 1870. He 
participated in the action of Ball's Bluff; tlie 
Peninsular camjiaign, until severely woun<led 
at lilendale, 30 June, 1862; coin, .'id Brigade, 
Sedgwick's division, in Pope's campaign, un- 
til severciv wounded at Antietam, Sept. 17, 
1862; com. 3d div. I81I1 corps (colored) 21 
Apr.-8 July, 1864. in battle of Ba\ lor's Farm, 
and assault on Petersburg, where he was again 
wounded ; afterwards prov -marshal-gen. of 
SiMithern N.Y. and of \Vestern Pa., being in- 
capacitated by wounds from tield-duty. 

iliumau, Col. Benjamin, Revol. officer, 
b. Woodbury, Ct , 1720; d. Sonthbury, Ct., 
iMar. 22, 1810. A quartermaster of a troop of 
horse in the exped. of (iov. Wolcott again.st the 
French in Canada in 1751 ; in 1755 a capt. in 
(MHidricli's regt., and in the battle between 
John-on and Ijieskau ; lieut.-col. 3d regt. in 
17.')J; lieut.-col. of a regt. of horse and foot in 
1/6/, and cid. in 1771; com. a regt. at Ticon- 
d>roga in 1775 ; at New York when taken by 
the British in 1776; left the army in ill health 
in J.oi. 1777 

Hinman, Elisha, capt'. U.S N., b. Sto- 
ning, on. Ct., Mar. 9, 1734; d. there Aug. 29, 
I8U7. At 14 he went to sea; wasacapt, at 19; 
anil lor many years sailed to Kurope and the 
Indies. He com. " The Cabot," under Com. 
Hopkins, early in 1776. One of the first cap- 
tains ajip. by Congress (Aug. 13, 1776J, he 



abandoned a lucrative profcs-ion, and devoted 
himsell to his country. He succcssivelv com. 
•' The Marquis de Lafayette," 20 guns;"" The 
])cane,"30guiis; the sloop ■■Providcncc;"and 
" The Allrcd," 32. Ca|iturcd in the latter 
(Mar. 9, 1778), he was taken to Kiig., and im- 
prisoned, escaped, reached France, and on his 
return home was honorably acquitted for the 
loss of his ship. In 1779 he com. " The Han- 
cock " with great success, and in 1780 "The 
Deane." In 1794 Pies. Ailams tendered to 
liiin the com. of " The Constitution ; " but Irom 
his advanced age be deciiiied. From 179S to 
1802 he was engaged in the revenue service. 
By the destruction of New London by the 
Biitish, he lost all his property. 

Hinman, Jmix, LL.D., jurist, b. Fairf.cld 
Co , Ct., 1802 ; d. Cheshire, Ct., 21 Feb. 1870. 
He was educated at an academy ; was adm. to 
the New Haven Co. bar a'l. 1827; practised in 
Waierbury ; became a judge of the Superior 
Court in 1842, of the Supreme Court in 1850, 
and in 1861 chief justice. 

Hinman, Koval Ualph, politician and 
gencalogisl, b. Soutbburv, Ct., June 50, 1785; 
d. N. Y: City, Oct. 16, 1868. Y. C. 1804. Son 
of Gen. Ephraim. He studied law; practised 
nearly 30 years in his native county ; was sec. 
of state in 1835-42; and subsequenily'gave his 
attention to the history and auii(|Miiies of the 
State. He pub. several vols, of genealogies of 
the early settlers in the Hartford, QuinnipiaC, 
and Peqiiod colonies. For the last 14 years he 
had resided in N. Y. City. Author (if " His- 
torical Collections of Ct, in the Amer. Revol.," 
8vo, 1842; "Catalogue of the First Puritan 
Sealers of ihe Cobniy of Ct.," in 6 n s., Hart- 
ford, 1852-8; "Official Letters between the 
Kings and Queens ot Fiig. and the Early Gov- 
ernors of Ct. ; " also several volumes of Stat- 
utes and Public and Private Acts. — Y. C. 
Obil. liecrd. 

Hinton, John Howahd, an English cler- 
gyman and author, h. Oxford, 24 .Mar. 1791. 
lie was a Baptist; preached at Reading, and al- 
terward at Lond. He edited " The History and 
Topography of the U.S.," completed in 18.32, 
in which he was assisted by several European 
and Amer. writers. An edition ol this work, 
under the supervision of J. 0. Choules, D.D., 
was pub., 2 vols. 4lo, 1853. Mr. Hinton has 
also written " Memoirs of Wm. Knibb; " " The- 
ology, or an Attempt toward a Consistent View 
of the Whole Counsel of God; " " Elements 
of Natural History," &c. 

Hirst, Henry B., poet, b. Phila. Aug. 23, 
1813. Adm. to the Phila bar in 1843, his 
youth having been passed in the study of law, 
frequently interrupted by mercantile occupa- 
tions. Previous to his examination he pub. 
in Graham's Maij. several ])oems, which became 
very pO|iular. He has pub. " The Coming of 
the Manimoih," " The F'uneral of Time, and 
other Poi'ins," 1845; " Endvmion, a Tale of 
Greece," 1848 ; and " The Penance of Roland, 
and other Poems," 1849. 

Hitchcock, Col. Daniel, Revol. officer, 
of R. L ; d. Jan. 1777, shortly after arriving 
at winter-quarters at Morristown. V.C. 1761. 
A lawyer in Providence betore the Revol., and 
lieut.-col. of militia; com. a R. I. regt. at the 



HIT 



440 



HOA 



i!cr;e or noslon in 1775; and com a brignde at 
Princeton, (hou);li diiffcring from the illness 
which carried him uff. Wiishinutiin took him 
bv the hand on the haille-);roiincl, and iliankcd 
hliii fur this service lieforc the whole army. 

Hitchcock, I'uwARD, Ul). (Mid. 'Coll. 
1846), LL 1). (ll.r. 1840), clcrt'vmun and gc- 
ol<ii:i>t, b. Deertield, Ms., May 24, I7U3 ; d. 
Amherit, Feb. 27, 1804. Triiieipal of Deer- 
field Acad. 1815-18; pa>tiir of the Conj;. 
church in Conwnv, .Ms., 1821-5 ; prof, of 
chcni. and nat. hi'st. in Amherst Coll. 1825- 
4.^ ; prcs. of Amherst Coll. and prof, of nat. 
theol. and (le. I. 1845-34. He was app. 
State L"""l»::isl of Ms. in 18.10, of the lirst 
di^t. of N.Y. in 1*36. and of Vt. in 1857. 
Several years a menilwr of the Ms. Board of 
At'ric. ; anri in 1 850 was conimiss. bv the State 
fiovt. to e.\amine the a;.'ric. schools m Kuropc. 
lie pub. an almanai' 4 tears (1815-18); a 
tragedy, •' The Downfall of Uonaparle," 1815; 
and sniiscipiently ])ub. more than 20 vols., bc- 
bide numerous sermons, addressee, tracts, and 
articles in the scientific and liierarv journals. 
He jnili. " The Geolojjy of Ct. Valfey," 1823 ; 
" A Catalo;:ue of Plants within 20 Miles of 
Amherst," 1829 ; a prize essay on the " Wine- 
Qncsiion ; " " Lectures on Diet. Ui';;imen, and 
Em|)loynicnt ; " in 1850 the " llistorv of a 
Zoological Temperance Convention in Central 
Africa;" -A Wrcaih for the Tomb," 18.19; 
" Lectures on the Peculiar Plieiionicna of the 
Four Seasons," 1850; "Memoir of Mary 
Lvon," 1851 ; " Rejiorts on the Geolo;rv of 
his.," iaM,'.35, '.18, '41 ; " Keporton the Oeol- 
osy of Vt.," 1860; illustrations of "Surface 
Geology," 1857 ; and the " KIcmcntary Geol- 
ogy," which has passed through 25 olitions 
here, and several ui Eng. His " Religion of 
Geologyaud itsConnected Sciences," 1S51, had 
a wide circulation on bothsidesof the Atlantic. 
He suggested as well as executed the geological 
survey of Ms., the first survey of an entire 
State under the auihiu-ity of govt, iu tlic world. 
The Auicr. (Jeol. Assoc, (now the Scientific 
Assoc.) was originutid at his suggestion ; and 
ho was its first prcs. Dr. Hitchcock was the 
first to give a scientific exposition of the fossil 
footprints of the Ct. Vallev. " The Ichnologv 
of N.K.," i>nb. Iiy the Ms. legisl. in 1858, I's 
chiefly a description and illustration of his own 
numerous collections. His last literary labor 
was bis " licniiiiisccnces of Amherst College." 

Hitchcock, Knos. D.I) (B. U. 1788), 
ministiT and author. I). Springfield, Ms., Mar. 
7, 1744 ; d. Providence. Kcb. 27, 1803. H.U. 
1767. Onl. May I, 1771, collcayue of Mr. 
Chipiuan of the Second Church, Beverly ; dis- 
tnissed Apr.fi, 1780 ; .chaplain in the. Revol. 
army. Installed at Providence, Oct. 1, 178.1. 
He was a dieting, preacher, and a friend and 
promoter of education. At his death he be- 
queathed S2..5IIO for the support of the ministry 
in bis society. He pub. " Catechctica' Instruc- 
tions and Forms of Devotion for Children and 
Youth : " " Mcmnirs of the Bloom«grove Fnm- 
ilv ; " a work on Kducaiion, 2 vols, 1 2ino. 1 790 ; 
discourses and sermons ; and Essay on the 
Lord's Sup|ier. 

Hitchcock, Etii.vs Ai.i,kx, brig.-pen. 
U.S.A., and author, b. Vcrgcnncs, Vt., 18 May, 



1798; d. Hancock, Ga.. 5 Aug. 1870. West 
Point, 1817. Son of Judge .Samuel (who d. 
BiirlingUin, Dec. 1813, u. 59) by a dau. of 
Ethan Allen. He was an officer of the inilit. 
aead. in 1824; com. the caileis in I829-.'I3; 
capt. Dec 1824 ; inaj. 8ili Inf. 7 .lulv, 18.18; 
lieut.-col. .Id, 31 Jan. 1842; cul. 2d Iiif! 15 Apr. 
1851; resigned 18 Oct. 1855; inaj -gen vols. 
10 Feb. 1802; cominis. for cxcb. of prisoners 
15 Nov. 1862 ; coniniis to revise the milit. laws 
and regulations 17 Dec. 1862. He serrcd in 
the Seininolv war ; was acting insp.-gen. on 
the staff of Gen. Scott iu .Me.\ieo ; brev. col. 
for the battles of Coutrerus and ('hnrulius<-o, 
and bri:r.-gen. tor Molino dil Rey, 8 Sept. 
1847. He ilien travellisl in Kuro|ie, and com. 
the dcpt. of the Pacific in 18il-». Author of 
" Alchciny and the Alchemist-," 1857 ; " Swe- 
denlHjrg a Hermetic Philos." 18.'i8; "Christ 
the Soirit," 2 vids. 1859 ; " Red Bo<jk of Aii- 
pin ; " Remarks on the Sonnets of Shak- 
speare ; " " Notes on the VihrXuova of Di.nte," 
1806 ; and a mystical interpretation of " Colin 
Clout." 

Hitchcock, C>AU, D.D., minister of Pem- 
broke, .Ms., from 1758 to his death, .Vug. 8, 
180.1, a. 8."). H.U. 1743. He pub. Dudlcian 
Lcctuie. 177.'>; sermons at anniv. of I'lyra- 
oulli. Dec 1774, to a niilit. coinp. 1757, ii. 

Hitchcock, I'ETKR, LL.D. (.Mar. Coll. 
184.)), jurist, b. Cheshire, Ct., (.Jet. 19. 17S1 ; 
d. Painesville, O., May II, 1853. Y C. 1801. 
Adni. to the bar in 1804 ; practised law in 
Cheshire; esiahlisbed himself at Burton, O., 
in 1806; member of the Ohio Assembly in 
1810; of the senate in 1812-10. and pres. of 
that liody one session ; M.C. 1817-19 ; 28 years 
judge of the Supreme Court of < )., and a ixir- 
tioii of the time chief justice ; again a number 
of the Uhio senate in 1811-5, and n second 
time pres. ; and in 1850 a ddegaie to the Slate 
Const. Conv. Patron and Icieud of the lead- 
ing lieiioolent ciiterpii.»is of the day. 

Hitchcock, RoUEICT B.,eom:no. U S.N., 
b. Ci. L'5 Sept. 1803. Mid-hipru. Jan. 1, 1825 ; 
licnt. M.ir. 3, 18.15 ; com. .ScpL 14, 1855 ; .apt. 
1861 ; cotnmo. July 16, 1862. Attached to 
schooler "Shark,* W. I. .squad., 1827; com. 
steam-frigate " Merrimack,' Pacific squad., 
1858-60; coin. steam-sloo|i "Susquehanna," 
and senior officer of the blovkadiug Heel off 
Mobile, 1862-3; com. Xorlulk Navy Yard, 
18i;fi ; ret. 25 Sept. 1805. — llamenl,/. 

Hoadley, I>oa.mmi Ive*. b. Northford, 
Ct .1790. V.C. 1817; .\iid. Theol. Sein. 1820. 
t)r.l. 15 0.1.1823; pastor of the U'aldo Calvin- 
isiic Church. Worci-.st.r, Ms., 1823-:.0; has 
had (harge of several churches in N.E. ; since 
1 866, pastor at N. Haven.; as-ist. ed. " Comp. 
Comment, of the Bil.le ; " e.lit. d vol. " Spirit 
of the Pili'rims," auil many of the pubs, of the 
Ms. Sabli. Si ho<d .Sue. (."ontrib. to various 
rcliirioiis publications. — AHiUmr 

Hoar, KuKNbZhR KocKwooD. jurist, b. 
Coiicoril..Ms..21 Fel..l816. H.U. 1835. LL.D. 
1868. Son of Hon. Samuel. A.lm. toihe bar 
1840, and practiseil with gn-at sucess. Ap- 
pointed judge C.C.P. Aug. 1849; ic-ijned 
1855 ; judge Superior Court of .Ms. 1859-69 ; 
U.S. atty.geii. .Mar. 1869-July, 1870; juiiit 
high commissioner to treat with the British 



HOA. 



441 



HOD 



comnii>sic)ners, Miir.-Mny, 1871. Dialing, as 
a jurist, and a man of fine culture, great wit, 
and eminent soeial qualities. George F. 
UoAR, M.C. 8tli dist. of Ms., is his brotlier. 
. Hoar, Jonathan, col. of a prov. regt. at 
Xov:i .Scotia in 1755. Son of Lieut. Daniel H. 
of Concord, Ms., b Jan. 6, 1708; d. 1771, on 
his passage from Lond. to N.Y. H.U. 1740. 
Lieut, in Waldo's regt. at the capture of 
Louisburg, 1745. 

Hoar, Leonard, M.D.(U. of Camb. 1671), 
pres. ot Harv. Coll. from Sept. 10, 1672, to 
Mar. 15, 1673; d. Braintree, Ms., Nov. 28, 
1675. H.U. 1650. He m. a dan of John 
Lisle, the regicide; was minister of Wenslead, 
Essex, until ejected for non-conformity in 1662; 
and, returning to Ms. in 1672, was for a time 
assist, to Thomas Thatcher at the South Church, 
Boston. lie was deficient in governing power ; 
and, some influeuii.d men having arrayed 
themselves against him, the stn<lcnts made his 
situation so uncomfortable for him, that he 
was obliged to resign ; and his death soon fol- 
lowed. 

Hoar, Samdel, LL.D. (H.U. 18.38), law- 
yer, b. Lincoln, Ms., May 18, 1778; d. Con- 
cord, Ms., Nov. 2, 1856. H.U. 1802. His 
father, Capt. Samuel, a Revol. i.ffiier, and many 
years in the State legisl., as well as a county 
magistrate, d. June, 1832 The son was two 
years a ])rivate tutor in Va. ; was adm. to the 
bar in 1805; opened an office in Concord ; and 
was for 40 years cme of the most eminent and 
successful practitioners in the State. Member 
of tlie Const. Conv. in 1820; State senator in 
1825 and 1833; of theexec. council in 1845-6; 
State representative in 1850; and M.C. in 1835- 
7. Sent in 1844 by the Ms. legisl. to S.C. to 
test the constitutionality of acti of that State 
authorizing the imprisonment of free colored 
persons wlio should enter it, his appearance in 
Charleston caused great excitement ; and he 
was expelled from that city, Dec. 5, 1844. On 
the same day, the legisl at C'olumliia passed 
resolutions authorizing the gov. to expel him. 
He was an active member of various religious 
and charitable societies, — of the Amer. Acad, 
of Arts and Sciences, Am. Bible Society, and 
of the Ms. Hist. Soc. He m. a dan. of Roger 
Sherman. 

Hobart, Aaron, jurist, b. Abington, Ms., 
June 26, 1787; d. E. Bridgewater, Sept. 19, 
1858. B.U. 1805. Becoming a leading law- 
yer in I'lvmoutli Co., he was State senator in 
1819; M.C. 1821-7; member of the exec, 
council 1828-31 ; judge of probate from 1843 
till his death ; and member of the State Const. 
Conv. of 1 853. Author of " History of Ab- 
ington." 1839. 

Hobart, Joun Henry, D D. (Un. Coll. 
1807). I'rot.-Epis. bishop of N.Y., descended 
from Joshua, an early settler of Ms. ; b. Pliila. 
Sept. 14, 1775; d. Auburn, N.Y., Sept. 12, 
1830. N.J. Coll. 1793. Tutor there 1796-8. 
Ord. ieacon 1798; priest in 18(11; conscc. 
assist, bishop of N.Y . Mav 29, 1811 ; bishop 
in 1816. In 1799 he was called to Christ 
Church. N Brunswick, N. J. ; rector of St. 
Oeorge's, Hempstead, L.I., from May to Sept. 
1800; then assist, minister of Trinity Church ; 
sec. of the h. of bishops ; dep. to the conven- 
tions of 1801-4 and 8, and, in the last two, 



sec. to the clerical and lay deputies ; and in 
1816 rector of Trinity Church. He was activa 
in forming a theol. sem. in X.Y., in which iu 
1821 he was prof of pastoral iheol. and pulpit 
eloquence. He vMsitcd the Oneida Indians in 
1818 and 1826. 'Among his publications are 
"Companion for the Altar,' 1804; "Com- 
panion for the Festivals and Fasts ; " " Com- 
panion for the Book of Common Praver ; " 
" State of Departed Spirits; " " Communicant's 
Manual ; " " Clergyman's Companion ; " 
" Essays on Episcopacy ; " " Apology lor Apos- 
tolic Order," 1807; "'Christian's Manual of 
Faith and Devotion ; " 2 vols, of " Sermons," 
Lond. 1 824. In 1 808 he began the Churchman's 
Mai/a:iiie, a monthly. His posthumous woiks, 
with .Memoir by Rev. Wm. Benian, app. in 
1833,3 vols. 8vo. "The Professional Years 
of J. H. Hobart," by J. McVicar, was pub. 
12mo, 1836. 

Hobart, John Sloss, LL.D. (1793), 
jurist, b. Fairfield, Ct., 1738 ; d. Feb. 4, 1805. 
Y C. 1757. Son of Rev. Noah Hobart of 
Fairfield. Member of the N.Y. Congress, and 
Au';. I, 1776, one of the committee to draft a 
State constitution. In July, 1777, he became 
a judge of the N.Y. Dist. Court, and, after the 
war, one of the three judges of the Supreme 
Court. Elected U.S. senator for the term com- 
mencing Jan. 1798, he resigned May 5, and 
was app. judge of the U.S. Dist. Court 
of N.Y. 

Hobart, Noah, minister of Fairfield, Ct., 
from Feb. 7, 1733, to his d. Dec. 6. 1773, b. 
Ilinp-ham, Ms., Jan. 2, 1705. H.U. 1724. 
Grandson of Rev. Peter (Camb. U. 1629; 
settled at H. 1635), and son of David of Iling- 
ham. He was many years engaged in con- 
troversy with Dr. Johnson, .Mr. Carver, and 
other Episc. clerygmen. He was a man of 
learning, of sound judgment, retentive memory. 
He pub. several controversial tracts and ser- 
mons. Father of John Sloss Hobart. 

Hobbie, Selah R., first assist, postmas- 
ter-gen. 1829-50 and 1853-4, b. Newburg, 
N.Y., Mar. 10, 1797; d. Washington. .Mar. 23, 
18.54. He established him.self at Delhi, Dela- 
ware Co., in the practice of law, where he soon 
attained distinction, and m. the dau. of Gen. 
Root, with whom he was connected in business. 
M.C. 1827-9. 

Hobby, Cot,. Sir Charles ; d. Lond. 
1714. Son of Wm. Hobby, merchant of Bos- 
ton. He com. one of the Ms. regts., and was 
senior officer at the cajiture of Port Royal. 
Knighted for his fortitude at the time of the 
earihquakc in Jamaica in 1692. 

Hobby, William, minister of Reading, 
Ms., from 1732 to bis death, June 18, 1765; b. 
Boston, 17 Aug. 1707. H.U. 1723. Son of 
John, and nephew of Sir Charles. He put- 
"Vindication of Whitefield," 1745; against 
Jona. Edwards's Dismission, 1751 ; " Sclf-E.t- 
amiiiatiun," 1746. 

Hodge, Charles, D.D., LL.D., clergy, 
man and author, b. Phila. Dec. 28, 1797. 
N.J. Coll. I8I5; Princeton Theol. Sem. 1819. 
In 1820 he was app. assist., and in 1822 prof, 
of Orient, and Bib. literature, in the theol. 
sem. In 1840 he was made prof of theol. In 
1825 he founded the LSiUicitl Riperlorif ana 
Princetun Heview, enlarging its plan in 1829, 



HOD 



442 



HOF 



ranilui'tini; il for iiiDrc ilmii 30 ycnrs. The 
moil iiii|H>rtiint of ihcsc |ia|M"i> Imvt- Ixi-n 
twiro iv|iriiilitl, — in tlic " rrinceloii Tlicul. 
Essays." 1840-7; iind B^'oiii ill his" l{i-vii-w» 
«ml Kmiiv!*," 1857. ili» " Coiiimeiiian' on 
Kiiinanii " ii|ipv:ir>il in l8-'l.'i ; hn "('on>L 
Ilisior)' i>f ihi- I'n-sb. Thun-h," iiiiil hit " W.iy 
of Li(i>," I840-1. Ho hii.s also iiiib. " Coin- 
mcniarif:! on Kphosiuns iiiiil (hv Two Episiivs 
lo the ('oriiitliiiin-i." Moji-mior of ihc m-n. 
as-.i-inhly of ihe I're.sb. Church (O S.) in 1846. 
anil one of u coiniiiitii'c lo rcvisL- ihi'ir " liouk 
of ni>ri|.liiic " ill 1858. Vol. I. of hi* " Sys- 
U'liiHiic Tlii'ol.," lu liv com|iletc<l in 3 vols., a|>p. 
in 1S71. _.l,.,Jf ..«. 

Hodgkinson, Jons, actor, b. Manchester, 
Kn-., 171.7; d. W a-hinjjion, D.C. Sq.t. 12, 
181)5. Ilis luircnl.s ki.'|i( n iiublichouse ; ami 
John very early left home, anil ilro|i|M.'<l Win real 
name, Meailowcraft, on accouiii of Ills iiro- 
peii>ity tor the .stage. He joineil a strulliiij; 
cuin|>aiiy. iiinl, during a provincial lour by Mrs. 
Siddons'. pi-rloriiicd the principal characicis in 
every play. He came to the U.S. in 1792; 
first appeared at llio Sonihwurk, I'liihi., in 
Sept., as Bclconr in "The We.-llinlian ; " 
0|)eneil in the Jolin-st. Theatre, N.V., Jan. 
28, 1793, in " The Draiiiniist." In 1795 was 
assi>t. iminagcr of the U<>^Ion Theatre ; re- 
lumed to N.Y. in I79C; and wiu afterward 
manager- of several other theatres. He wi-otc 
"The Man of Foriiiude," and some minor 
pieees, and a narrative of llie old Aniericati 
coiiip:inyof coineilians. His wife, a Miss UretC, 
a di-iiiig. actress, d. I'hila. Sept. 18*3. 

Hoei KoiiKRT, an ingenious mechanic, b. 
Lcicestersliire. Eng., 1784 ; d. Westchester 
Co.. Jan. 4, 1833. He landi-d in N.V. in ISaJ, 
when the yellow-fever wa.s raging there, and 
caught the epidemic, but ulliiuately recovered. 
He first engiigeil in the business of a builder, 
which he relinquished fur the innnuf. of prim- 
iiig-inateriiils, and of the hand-pres.s invented 
by his bio.-in-law. Peter Smith. Ab. 1823 he 
took the S(df charge of the business, and great- 
ly improved his presses. The business accord- 
ingly inenascd ; but his own health had iKVomo 
so much iiiipaired, that in 1832 he was obliged 
lo retire lri>ui all connection with it. It was 
then taken bv bis eldest son. Uiciiakd M.\itCB 
(b. X.Y. Sept. 12, 1812), Matthew Smith, s<jn 
of his tirst partner, and Screno Newton. Ab. 
this time, the nianuf. of saws, in which liichard 
M. Hoe had made important improvements, 
was added to the other business, in 1837 lie 
went to Kiig. to obtain a |iatent for an im- 
proved mode ol grinding saws ; and ii|H>n his 
return he was enabled by his observations there 
to improve niaicrially u|K)n the priniing-ina- 
cliiiiery in use there, as well as in the L'.S. In 
1846," Hoe's Lightning Tre-ss." so calletl from 
lhera|>idity with which it ojKTates, was brought 
into Use, and was p.itented July, 1847. The 
business, since 1841. has licen conducted by 
the 3 bros., K. M., Koberi, and I'cter Smith 

lln 



Hoey, Mrs. Jons (JoitKPiiiNK SiiAW), iic- 
Ire.-s. 11. Liver|Kxil. Eng., June, 1824. I)au. 
of John Shaw, inusieiiin and |i<>ei, sister of 
.Miry and Kosina (Mrs. H. Watkin-). First 
aplH'an-d at the Italtiniore Mus<uni in 1839, 
and in N.Y. at the National, W. E. Burton maa- Api>leton. 



ager. Uc-«ppea.-cd at Burton's Chambor-«L 
Theatre in 1849; and was leading hiilvat Wal- 
lack's Theatre in 1853-65. Mrs. H. ]» said to 
have originated the | roent extravagant stylo 
of cosiuining ; her wunlrobe having l>eeu more 
);orgeous and expensive than that of any 
pn-ceiling actress. She m. W. H. Hussell in 
1839, by whom she had two sons ; was divorced 
in 1847; and subsitiuently m. John Hoe/ 
of Adams's Express Co. — lirown'$ Amer. 

Hoff, Hesry K., renradm. U.S.N., b. 
}'a. Miilshipm. Oct. 28,1823; lieul. Mar. 3, 
1831 ; coniin. Nnv. 29, 1S51; capt. 1801 ; com- 
mo. July 16, 1802; re:ir adin. Apr. 13, 1867 ; 
com. frigate " Inile|)i'ndiiice," Pacific eqund., 
1857; sloop'of-war "John Adams,". 1858 ; 
steam-sloop " Lancaster," I'acillc .squadron, 
1861-2; onlnanc-- duty, Phila. 1864-7; com. 
N. Atlantic stpiad. 180*8-9; and gained much 
credit by his prompt and enrrgelic mea-ures to 
jiroi-.'ct American citizens in Cuba from the 
injiisiiec of Spanish offiiials. — Uiinieruli/. 

Hofftnan, Cai-t. Bkkkmas v., ifs.X., 

b. Nov. 28. 1789; d. Jamaica, L I., I)w. 10, 
18.34. Miilshipm. Julv 4. 18(i5 ; lieut. May 21, 
1812; com. Mar. 5, 1817; capt. .Mar. 7, 1829. 
It was his gixxl lonuiie to serve as a lieul. on 
boani the frigate " Constitution " ("Old Iron- 
sides") ill all hercelebrated battles, and. though 
signally disting. in each by seamanship and 
bravery, coming out of the light uiiwounded. 
Ills first siTvice was in " The Argus," Capt. 
Trippc. He was instrumental in the vieion'M 
over the " Uuerricre," " Java," " Cyanc," ami 
" Levant." 

Hoffman, Charlks Fesso, author, b. 
NY. I.^iifi. Son of Judge J. O. Hoirmnn. 
Sent to an acad. at I'oughkwp>ic, he ran away 
to escajK! harsh treatment. In 1817 he was 
obliged to submit to amputaiion of a leg. 
This did not prevent his bwoming a proficient 
in manly sports, in which, on cntcnng Col. 
Coll., he was mure noted than for scholarship. 
Adm. to the bar at the age of 21, he praetisiil 
3 years, during whicli time he made conlribs. 
to literature, and U'caine a^sorialcd with 
Charles King in the editorship of ihe M.Y. 
Amrriiiin. In 1S.33 he went to the West for 
his health, and pub. a series of letters entitled 
•• A Winler iti the West," 1833 ; also " Wild 
Scenes in the Fon'si and the Prairie," 1837 ; 
and " Greyslacr," 1840. In Dec. 18.32 Holfninn 
established the KniiLfrlioiirr Mag., of which 
lie edited several numliers. He afterwards 
ediusl the Auvrintn Monthly Miv/.nnA thc.V. 1". 
Mirror. In 1812 a volume of his lyrics was 
pub., cntiile<l " The Vigil of Faith and other 
Poems : " a more complete edition appeared 
in 1843, entitled " Love's Calenilar." " The 
Echo, or Uorrowetl Notes for Home CiixMila- 
tioii." was the title of a secimd vol. of (KK'try. 
In 1847-8 he editi-d the /Juniri/ W'orlil. and, 
at'ter leaving that Journal, contrib. to il a num- 
ber of es.sav8 and storii's. entitled " Sketches 
of Society.'' A mental disonler has since 18.50 
kept him in complete retin'inent from the 
world. He jiossessed fine social qualities, con- 
versational [lowers of a high onler, taste, 
si-bolarsbin. and a chivalmus |i< r-onal char- 
acter whicli made him a favorite with all.— 



HOF 



443 



HOX. 



Hoffman, Dav.d LL.D (U. of OkH. 

lawyer and wrUer. 1.. Baltimore. Dec. ^». ' «*^ 
d X. Y. Citv. Nov. 11, 1854. irn 18 - 
w 18.36 he wis prof, of law in the t. of Md., 
Si i„l whicl. time he pub. many work, _on 
iur "pru.lentc. After retiring irora h.s profe,- 
8or"lX he travelkMl for two years .n Lurope ; 
nrae S;.l law in Pl.ila. until 1847 ; when he 
Tain w'i ed Karo,M! for literary purposes, re- 
t^r'nVto Atner. in Dec. 1853. Hl^^'S:^ 
work on jurispnulence,s '="'"4 r ^ta Out. 
of Le"al Study," 1836. His Le-.'l Uu 
°ines!" of which but one y«l. «"' ''I'rt- 
hL al'o licen commended a.s a text-book. H^ 
latt Dublication is "Chronicles selected trom 
he CinaU of Cartaphihis, ■h«.^V■.l.f*.^n« 
lew " n853. Amon- his publualion. aie 
^TisceUaneous Thoughts on «-• ^f--^: 
and Thin-," by Antho.iy Gruml 1. r. _ K3 , 
" Viator, a IVep into 'nj' ^"■'=.-'*"7/,^ ,{.!;' '. 
.. Legai Hints," 1S46. He received theJ^^rrec 
of Juris Utri. Doct. from Uott.n-en, b.-..dLs 
other hon. degrees from learned societies. - 

^Hoffman, John- T.. gov. of N-Y. 1869-72, 
b ^„.°"n.', N'.Y.. 10 Jan. 1828. Ln. C..1I. 
1846 ' .\d ,r. to the bar in .fan. 1849 ; acquired 
in ox.en-ive practice in N.Y. City ; connected 
h^scrwituNamiiiany Mall J" l?-^f ^ "»* 
elected r.-crder of the city in 1860 nn.l 1863 
rendering himself ■ onspM-nous for his seyen y 
W the rioters of July. 1SG3; was elected ina.u.r 
nl86.rand re-elected in 1867; I'^oc- '•'"•■ 
dlbte for goy. in 1866, but was defeated by 

'^Hoffman. M---- «""■ "4'''" 

Park \ Y. 17S8; d.BrookUn,.Vl£.,!?ept.-/, 
1848 He was educated a pliysic.an. but stud- 
ied law. and became a resident of H. rkimcr 

'or"h; commU.ee'i.Pna^-.'lrtairs He was a 
:L1; commissioner from 1 -^j^f to 1 83., ; amem^ 
ber of the House o( As.sembly in 1841-2 and 
wa^ a delegate to the Const. Conv. in 1846 
A6 chairman of the com. of ways and means 
fn t he A-embly, and of the finance committee 
of the coinention. he initiated and carried 
"irough many important financial refi.rm^. 
Mr HotTmaii was a powertul and etrecti%e 
debater a statesman in the strongest sense of 
fhrtenn. He was some time naval oflicer m 

TToffman, Ogdes, lawyer, b. N. Y. City, 
1-J; d m" 1, 1856. Col. Coll. 1812. Son 

"^'^r^'^lh^'nt^^henumu;::! 

S:t^:^^^ie;a.Wdu;wasr<.o,.h. 

: '.;; t prei- Co-ur',. B™. of Charles Fenno 
Hortm..i. After three years' service as a n. d- 
al , "an. d-'""*-' »'"'••»' '"^ »a.. capture.1 in the 
"President " Com. Decatur, he studied law ; 
conmrnced practice in Orange Co. ; and w^ 
am di.t -attv., but removed to the city in 1826, 
:^^tame i pa.tner of Hugh -M-well soon 
after which he disting. himself as a«.»t. in the 
proLution of '''<=.f-"."-„^".^rt^I,rn„ 
keml«;r of the leg.sl. m 'f.^' '|';'b'IV." 
1829-35; was app. U.S. di»t.-att). by uen. 



Harrison; was M.C. in 1837-41, and disting 
KslMueuce; in 1848 he was again elected 
a\nembe7of Congress; and in l«54atty.gen 
„f the State. Mr. Uoffu.au "f J" ™";' ^^'ed 
ful pleader before a jury; and wa, emplo cd 
for more than a s<ore of years in all the ..io»t 
™,,or an. criminal trials of the city ; and was 
a rcnj -..ized leader of the Whig party. 

Hogan, John-, b. Mallow lo. <-".'^-^'^, 
land,Jan.2,1805; came to BaUimore in 18 1- 
was apprenticed to a shoemaker , emigrated 
West in 1826; in 1831 opened a store m 
Madison Co., III. ; member legisl. 18.36 ; regis- 
ter andotfice, Di..on, 111., 1841-.; a ler- 
ward settled as a merchant in St. L-""'. ^'5"- 
postmaster of St. Louis 1857-61; MC- ,86.^ 
7 Anthorof "Kesources of Missouri, and 
of •• Commerce and ^\'^lf':"'.^'r!^''Tsio) 
pSit'of Hamp Sidney Coll Va, 180,- 
■^0) b. Cedar Creek, \ a., >» ^•^b. 1<52 , a. 
i-l iia July 5, 1820. He completed his studies 
r L^l^c^y^Hill Acad. 1780 was ord^ pastor o 
Uardv, Va., 13 Dec. 1782; and in I'f/ J^« 
moved to Sh-pherdstown. A"' "'"•, "^ . -^H^ 
Christian Paiiopiv," 1799, a reply to Paine 3 
"Age of Keason." A vol. of his «"■»" ^^"^ 
pub in 1821 . His son, Kev. Samuel Dav.es 
Cge prof, of natural sciences in the U. of 
Ohio .1 Athens, O., Dec. 2o, 1826, a. 3.1. 

Hoit, Albert Gallatin. |«)rtra.t-pa.nter 
b Wwich. N.H.. Dec. 13. 1809; d. VVe,. 
Roxburv, Ms., Dec. 18, 18.56. Dartm CoH. 
8^9 Son of Gen. Daniel of Sandwich, N.H. 
Thou.'h portraits were his specialty, many a 
sketc-irmidc in his N. Hampshire retreat at in- 
ervals of recreation attests the genuine com- 
munion he held with universal nature. He 
Hnted in Portland, then in Bangor and Bel 
f St and at St. John, N.B.. but settled at 
Bo^on in 1839. From Oct. 1842 to July, 
1844 he was in Kurope. ,. r-_v 

wid H^spit;!. Cap-t.'R.N. 15 Feb. 1740; 
Tn'm" i" the \V. Indies '-0= t'V-1'^^ ' 
r«ar-adm. and lord of the admiralty "' '-'O. 

tective. be brought every considerable mail- 

"nolbrfeoBS Edwabds, MD-. -'- 
rails, b Beaufort, S.C.,30Dec. 1794; d. Nor- 
"ikM., 8 Sept. 1871. B.U.1815. He early 
removed to M^. with his parents, natives of 
Wrentham.lU. Received hi* niedical d.plonm 
from the U. of Phila.. and continued li» pro- 
fe!s™ nal studies in I^ndon and Kdiuburgh 
H? spent two years in Italy. Germany, and 
Paris^wherc he resided in the •{''"'-*; 
Planies. He established himself in Char es on 
SC in 1822; and in 1824 was chosen prof, 
of anatomy i.'i the MV<i- CoU- of S. C^ ^ i 
most important work is the "American Ucr^ 
^"Igyfor a l^-ription of Reptiles inha^ 
^n-r the U. S.," 5 vols. Pliila. 1842. 1113 
";,l on "Southern Ichthyology " was d.scou- 



HOL 



444 



XZUIL. 



tiniiul after iwo nurnhvi-s, the fii'ld Inking too 
extensive Tur \m survey, na he iniide all liU 
drawiiiKJi from life, lie wiu suhse<|iiontly em- 
ployed on the '• lclithyolo;;y of SC." During 
tlie'Ucliellion. lie was loreed to nerve u» a sur- 
(leon in a S.C. reijt. He iviis the pupil of 
Cuvier. and the frieml of Ajrassiz. 

Holbrook, Silas I'incknkt, writer, b. 
Ue.iiilori, S.C, June 1, I7'J6; d. Fineville, 
S. C. May --'6, 1835. U. U. 1815. Sun of 
Silas, n teacher at Beaufort, S.C, and bio. of 
John E. Ill' studied law in Boston, and prac- 
tised at MudlielJ, Mi. He was one of the most 
|iopular contributors to the A'. A'. (Jnlari/ and 
lioslun Cotiiifi; to which he furnished sketches 
entitled " Letters from a .Mariner and Travels 
of a Tin I'eildler," by Jonathan Farliinck ; and 
very uinusin;; " Letters from a Boston .Mer- 
chant; " and " Kecolleclions of Japan and Chi- 
na." These, with other pieces, were iiub. as 
"Sketches by a Traveller," IS-'H. He also 
wiote the Knropean (wrtion of Peter Parley's 
" Pi'iorial (icoj;raphy," and for a while con- 
duclC'l ticc /Ivs/on frihimf, and an amusing pa- 
per cmIIc.I the S,m-tacle.s. — />,wckliiiL 

Holeombe, Am.\8a, A.NI. (Wms. Coll.), 

siieniisi, 1). Urunbv, Ct. (now Soiithwiek, Ms ), 
June IS, 1787. llis ancestor Thomas came to 
Doiclie^ler ab. 16:!1 ; d. Windsor, Ct., Sept. 7, 
1G.'>7. llis father was a farmer, and he received 
only a disi -school education. At 19 he made 
surveyor^' compasses for his own use ; ami at 20 
began the compilation of almanacs, which he 
pub several years. At 27 he taught surveying, 
civil engineering, and astronomy; and in 182G 
became a civil engineer. He made in 1828 his 
first telescope, and until 1842 had no Ameri- 
can competitor. For his skill, he received in 
18.'15 the "Scott Legacy" from the city of 
I'hila. ; a silver medal Iruin the Franklin (nst., 
Phila., in 18.18; a gold medal from the Anier. 
Inst., X. Y. City. 18.19; and a dijiloma from 
the same in 1840. For 3 years he represented 
Southwick In the house; and in 1852 in the 
senate of .Ms. 

Holeombe, Heskv, d.d. (B U. isiw), 

B..piisi cici-vinan. b. Pr. K.lward Co., Va., 
Sept. J2. 17ti2; d. Phila. .May 22, 1824. Af- 
ter serving as u capt. in the Kcvol. war, he com- 
menced nreacliing ; Sept. 1 1, 1785, liccame pas- 
tor of a Bap. church at Pipe Creek, S.C. ; ami 
was a fneml>er of the S.C. Conv. which ratified 
the Const, of the U. S. In 1794 he became 
pastor of the church at the Eutaw, in Beaufort 
dist. ; in 1799 he removed to Savannah, and 
was pastor of the church there in 1800-10. 
He then retired to .Mount Klon, where he 
founded a Baptist academy. Settled over the 
First Bap. Church in Pliiia. from 1811 to his 
d He pub. "Funeral Discourse on the Death 
of \Va.-.liin:;to[i," " Lectures on Priniitivo 
Thwlo-y," 1S22 

Holeombe, William Frkdeuic, M.D., 
b. Sleiling, .M,., Apr. 2. 1827. Alb. Med. Coll. 
1 S.')0. Son of Augustine H., and pupil of Prof. 
March. After several years' stuily in Enn>pc, 
he came to New York, and was app. to the 
chair of ophthalinio and aural surgerv in the 
NY. .Med. Coll. He is surgeon to ihc X. Y. 
Ophthalmic Hospital. Sec. aud librarian NY. 
Cieneal. and Biog. Society. 



Holden, Olivkr, composer, and tcachei 
of music; d. Charlestowu, iU., 18.31. A car- 

Center by trade. Ho aftcnvard kcjit n music 
uukstore, and composed many exeeileiil luncs, 
among them " Coronation." Author of " The 
Amer. Harmony," 179.3; "Union Harmony," 
a coll. of sacrol music; " Worce-lcr Coll. of 
Sacred Hiirmony," 1797 ; and, with S. Holyoke 
and H. Uraine, " The Ms. Compiler," 1795.— 
Moore; ICnry,!. of .V,uic. 

Holland, £d\vin Clifford, poet and 
essayist, b. Charleston, S.C, ab. 1793 ; d. Sept. 
11, i824. Educated for the bar, he adopted a 
literary career; pub. a vol. of poems in 1813 ; 
afterward edited the Cluiileslon Tiinrt, and 
wrote fur magazines; and in 1818 dramatized 
"The Corsair" of I>ord Byron. A.-soc. with 
William Crafts and Henry J. Farmer in indit- 
ing "Tile Umniiim-Boiherum," intended to 
satirize " The Omnium Uaiherum " edite<l by 
Thomas Bc«. 

Holland, Elmut G., author, b. of N. Eng. 
parentage, Solon, X.Y., Apr. 14, 1817. He 
lias pub. " The Being of God and the Immor- 
tal Life," 1846 ; " Huviews and Essays," 1849 ; 
"Essays," 1852; a drama in 5 acts, entitled 
"The Highland Treason ; " and in 1853 "A 
Memoir of Kev. Joseph Badger." — Dui/c- 
kinek. 

Holland, Rkv. Fkkukric We»t, b. Bos- 
ton, June 22, 1811. H U. 1831 ; Cainb. 
Thcol. School, 1834. Has devoted himself to 
missionary labors. On his rciuni Ironi foreign 
travel in 1850, he pub. a book on Pak-stine ibr 
children, ami a series of dc.-criptive letters in 
Gleaimi'a Pictorial. He has also leeluiltl cx- 
tcn»ively ; has rcjid several papers before the 
N. E H. Geneul. Soc. ; and has contrib. to the 
leading reviews and magazines. — liui/rhinck. 

Holland, Gkorge, lomedian, b. near I»n- 
don, Dec. 6, 1791 ; d. X.Y. Ciiy, 19 Dec. 1870. 
Fii>t app. in I.Kjiid.at the Olympic in 1820; nt 
the Bowery, X.Y., in Sept. 1826; was in the 
South in 1835-43 ; was n hmg time the princi- 
pal low comedian at Wallack's old theatre, 
N.Y. ; vi>ite»l England in 1861 ; ri'sumed his 
place in Wallack's company, but in 1869 went 
to Daly's Fifth-av. Theatre. He was one of 
the best of the comic actors of the old school, 
and was honorable and exemplary in all the 
relations of life. A Memoir of hint was pub. 
in 1871, 8vo, X.Y. 

Holland, JosiAii Gh.uert, M.D. (" Tim- 
oiliv Tlicomh"), author and journalist, b. 
Belcheriown, Ms., July 24, 1819. Having 
practised iiiiilicine for a short time, and niter- 
wards ed. a literary' juunial for a lew months, 
he pass<'<l a year in V'icksburg as supt. of its 
public schools. In May, 1849, he became 
assoc. editor of the 5/)riii'(/iV/>/ /I'ryw'/icnn, with 
which he was connected until 1866; in 1870 
he became editor of .'icrilnier's MoiMi/. He 
has pub. "History of Western Ms.," 1855; 
"The Bay Path," a novel, 1857; "Timothy 
Titconib's' I.,etUTs to the Young," 1858; " Bit- 
ter Sweet," n dramatic |ioem, 1858; "Gold 
Foil," 18.59; "Miss Gillwrt's Carc»-r," 1860; 
" lA'ttcrs to the Joneses," 1863 ; " Lt'ssous in 
Life." 1861; "Plain Talk on Familiar Sub. 
jccts." 1865; "Lite of Pres. Linculn," 1866. 
" Kathrina," a poem, 18G7. He has contiib 



HOX. 



445 



nor, 



to various magazines, and is a successful putilic 
lecturer. 

HoUey, Horace, LL.D., an eloquent 
preacheranilaneminentinstructor.b. Salisbury, 
Ct., Fell, ly, 1781; d. July 31, 1827. Y C. 18('3. 
Abandoning llie study of the law for that of 
divinity, he was in Sept. 180.i ord. at Green- 
field Hill, Fairfield. In 1809-18 he was j.as- 
tor of Hollis-st. Ch., Boston. Edncalcd under 
Dr. Dwi;;ht in the Calvinistic faith, he after- 
wards became a Unitarian. Pres. of Transvlv. 
U., Ky., lSlS-27. A plan was formed of erect- 
ing a sem. iu La. to be placed under hi-^ charge ; 
but while at N. Orleans in the summer of 1827 
he was taken sick, and, having embarked for 
N.y., died on the passage. He pub. some ad- 
dresses and discourses, and contrib. to periodi- 
cals. His widow, Mary Austix, d. New 
Orleans, Aug. 2, 1846. In 1831 sheemig. to 
Texas under the protection of General S. 
T. Austin, and published a History of 
Texas, 12mo, 18-33 ; also a Memoir of her hus- 
band. 

Holley, Orville Luther, editor, bro. of 
Kev. Horace. H; Salisbury, Ct., May 19, 1791 ; 
d. Albany, X.Y., Mar. 2o, 1861. H.U. 1813. 
He studied law in N.Y. ; practised successively 
in Hudson, Canandaigua, and N.Y. City; and 
edited in sacccsi-ion the Anti-Masonic Mny. in 
New York, the 'I'roy Hentind, the Ontario Re- 
pository, the Albany Daili/ Adceitiser, and for 
somcyears edited the State Register. In 1 853 he 
arranged and indexed 23 foil > yols. containing 
the papers of Gov. George Clinton. He was 
surveyor-gen. of the State in 1838; and during 
the last 10 years of his life was occupied in the 
office of the N.Y. sec. of state. He wrote a 
" Life of Franklin ; " " Description of N. Y. 
City." ISmo, 1847. 

Hollins, George N., naval officer, b. 
Baltimore, Md., Sept. 20, 1799. Midshipm. 
Feb. 1, 1814, and, with the officers and crew 
of the sloop-ot-war " Erie," assisted in the de- 
fijnccofthe capital. He was on board "The 
President," Com. Decatur, when she was taken 
by the British, and remained a prisoner-of-war 
at Bennuda until the peace. He dieting, him- 
self under Decatur in the Algerine war ; at its 
close took com. of an E. India merchantman. 
Lieut. Jan. 13, 1825; com. Sept. 8, 1845; capt. 
ScpL 14, 1855. The borobardnient and de- 
struction ot the town of San Juan de Nicaragua 
or Greyto\vn in 1852 gave him much notoriety. 
In 1861 he resigned ; entered the Coiifcd. navy; 
w'as made commodore; and Oct. II, with th'i 
iron-dad ram and gun-boat " Manassas," and 
a fleet of vessels, attacked the US. block, 
squad, at the passes of the Mpi., doing slight 
d. image, and claiming an important victory. 
For this achievement he received the app. of 
flag-capt. of the N. Orleans naval station. In 
the action with Farragnt's fleet in Apr. 1862, 
most of his vessels were destroyed. 

Hollis, Thomas, a lienc'faitor of Harv. 
Coll, h. Kng. 1659; d. London, Feb. 1731. 
He was a liajitist ; was for many years a suc- 
c.^sslnl merchant in London, and, after making 
two considerable donations to Harv. Coll., 
gave in 1721 the fund by which the Hollis Pro- 
fessorshipof Divinity was constituted. In 1 727 
he established also a professorship of mathemat- 



ics and nat. pliilos. ; and the net produce of his 
donations amounted at that time to £4.900. 
He also gave books for the library, and a set 
of Hebrew and Greek types tor printing. His 
nephew and heir, Thomas Hollis (d. 1735), 
also gave money, books, and pliilosopliicnl a]>- 
paratns; and his son's (Thomas) donations to 
the coll. anionntcd to nearly £2,000. t)ther 
members of this family were also benefactors 
of H.U. 

Hollister, Gideon Hiram, conmiis. to 
Hayti. Y. C. 1840. Author of "Mount 
Ho]ie," an hist, romance, N.Y. 1851 ; "Hist, 
of Connecticut," 2 vols. 8vo, 1855 ; " Thomas 
a Becket," a tragedy ; and other poems. 

Holman, Joseph George, dramatist and 
actor, b. London, 1764; d. Rockaway, L. L, 
Aug. 24, 1817. Descended from Sir John 
Holman, hart. He was educated at Queen's 
Coll- O.xford, with a view to the church, but, 
having a taste tor the stage, made his de'jut at 
Covent Garden, as Romeo, Oct. 26, 1784. 
He played there successfully 3 years, and after- 
wards in Ireland and Scotland. In London 
he was a powerful rival of Kemble. He came 
to the U.S., where he was highly snccfssful, 
and became manager of the Charleston Theatre. 
In 1812 he played Lord Townley at the Park, 
N. Y., and at the Chestnut Street, Phila-, — a 
fiiiishud performance. Financial embarrassment 
and the unhealthiness of the climate obliged 
hira to leave that city; and ho d. while on his 
way to New York, of yellow-fever. His last 
wife, a Miss Lattimer, to whom he was in. two 
days before his d., was an actress and singer, 
and d. New York, Sept. 1, 1859. His dramat- 
ic productions are, " Abroad and at Home," 
" Red-cross Knights," " Votary of Wealth," 
" What a Blunder!" "Love gives the Alarm," 
and " The Gazette Extraordinary." 

Holmes, Abiel, D.D. (Edinb. U.), LL.D. 
(All. Coll. 1822), divine and author, li. Wood- 
stock, Ct., Dec. 24, 1763; d. Cambridge, Ms., 
June 4, 1837. Y.C. 1783. Sou of Dr. David, 
who served as a surgeon in 3 campaigns in the 
French and 4 iu the Revol. war, d 1779. 
Tutor at Y^ale 1786-7; pastor of a Cong, 
church at Midway, Ga., Nov. 1785, to June, 
1791; and of the F"irst Church, Cambridge, Jan. 
25, 1792, to Sept. 26, 1832. Son-in-law of Dr. 
Stiles, who beq. to him his rich colls, of Amer. 
history. He ed. (Stiles) Family Tablet, 1 796 ; 
pub. his yaluai)le " Annals of America," 2 vols. 
Svo, 1805, and an improved ed. 1829 ; " Life of 
President Stiles," 1798; also some 30 sermons 
and historical disquisitions; and conirib. papers 
to the Collects, of the Ms. Hist. Siciety, 
among which are " A Memoir of the French 
Protestants," and "A History of Cambridge." 
In 1817 he gave a course of lectures on the 
Eccl. History of the Country, especially N.E. 
The poet Dr. (). W. Holmes is his son by 
Sarah, dau. of Hon. 0. Wendell. 

Holmes, A.vurew Fernando, M.D., b. 
Cadiz, 17U7; d. Montreal, Sept. 1860. His 
parents went to Canada in 1801. lie studied 
in Edinb. ami Paris; and in 1819 began prac- 
tice in Montreal; in 1824 he was a louuder 
of the Med. School, which was in 1828 merged 
in McGill College, and in which he was prof, 
of chemistry and materia mcdica, and dean of 



ZXOL 



44G 



Hot. 



the fiiciiltv from 1954 lo hit d. One of the 
foiiiuliTs of tlif Nat. Hill. Sue. — .l/'Jr.;cin. 

Holmes, Davhi.ltov. Mpi Titf. 1809-17; 
gov. of till- Siuiu lsi:-19 kikI IH25-7 ; U.S. 
K'nutor 182<)-5; li. Fre<lcri>'k, Va. ; il. near 
Winclii-siir, Vn., Auk. 20, I8.T2. Son of Col. 
Joseph of Frederick. 

Holmes, Ue\. GAnRiEi., stntesman of 
N.l'.. h S.iriipsoii Co. ITG'J; d. there Sept. 
2(;, 1929. A Uwjer hy piof.ssion. he n-as in 
the Slate K');isl. and eouiieil; State ."onator in 
1807; LTV 1S21-4; M.C. 1825-9. 

Holmes, Isaac Kuwari). stnte>iniin, h. 
CharleMoii, S.C.. Aur. 6. 1796; d. there 24 
Feh. 1867. Y.C. 18i5. He Wiis ndm. to the 
Charleston bar in 1S19, and bi'cainu a suceess- 
fiil practitioner; in 1826 he was elecleil to the 
State Icgisl., and became n leader of the nulli- 
ficulion partv, beinjj the first to propose that 
tlie State should nsi%t the protective tariff. 
Sl.C. 1919-."iO, nnil was successively at the head 
of thecomminees on comnicrt-e and on the na- 
vy. In ISJiMJl he practisiil law in C'al. In 
Jan. 1861 he retumcil to S. C, and endeav- 
ored to avert civil war. In conjunction with 
R. J. Turnhull, he in 1826 pub. a vol. offiolit- 
ical essay.s, entitled •■ Curoliniensls." in favor 
of State rijrhts. He also wrote the " Recrea- 
tions of George Telltale," couaistinjj of tales, 
essnvs, ami descriptive narratives. — Y. C. Ob. 

Holmes, Johs, lawyer and senator, b. 
Kingston, .Ms., Mar. 177;"t; d. rortland, Mc., 
July 7, 184.3. B.U. 1796. Removing to Me. 
in i 799, he liecamc eminent as a lawyer, and 
resided at AM'n'd. Several years a member of 
the leyisl. of Ms., he rapitlly rose to distinction 
by his clo(iiience, his wit, and his powers of 
debate. \\ hen Mc. b<>came a State, he was a 
member of the convention lo form the const., 
and acted ns chairman of the com. to draft it. 
M.C. 1817-20 ; was the first U.S. senator from 
Me. 1821-.11 ; was afterwards a member of the 
le"_'isl. ; andwasapp. hy Harrison in 1841 U.S. 
di>t.-atty. for Me., which office he held at the 
lime of his death. Author of " The States- 
man, or Principles of Legislation and Law," 
AuL'usta, 8vo, 1840, and of several published 
8p. ivhes. 

Holmes, OLirER Wendeli,, M.D. (18.16), 
phvsiciiin, poet, and essavist, h. Cambridjc, 
Ms., Aug. 29, 1809. II. U.' 1829. Son of I)r. 
Aliiel. He commenced the study of law, 
which, however, ho soon abiindoned for m<-di- 
ciiie, and in 18.12 went to Europe, attending 
the hospitals of I'aris and other large cities. 
I'rof of anat. and physiol. in Dartin. Coll. 
ill 1<.j8, and in II. U. siiicc 1947. He contrib. 
jKjotry lo the CM'jian, conductol by ilic un- 
der'.;raduatis of the coll., al.-o to " Illustra- 
tions of the Aihen.'snm Gallery of Paintings," 
ill 19.11, and to " The IIarl)iii;;er, a May Gift," 
ill 1S.11. In 19-16 he read before the Phi Beta 
Kappa Society, " Poetry, a Metrical Essay," 
pnh. ill the first edition of his i)oenis (1916) ; 
" Terpsichore " was read hy him at a dinner 
of the same socieiy in 184-1 ; "' Unmia " was 
pub. in 1946. and " A>irea"in 1850. His po- 
ems have pas.-eii thrt)U;:h many editions, and 
have been repuh. in Eng. In the .-l(^iif/c 
Alonlhlf (1857) ap|M.'arcd a series of articKs 



entitled " The Autocrat of the Hr\al;fa«t Ta 
bic." bincc piiti. in a vol., and fiiihiwcd bv 
" The Prorcs,sor nl the IJrenkl ist Table," and 
"Soundings from the Atlantic " Manv of his 
best pocm.-i have Ix-en written for social or fes- 
tive occasions, at which they have been recited 
or sung by >he jHK-t himself He is also a pop- 
ular lectnr<'r, and has disting. himself by his 
researches in aii>cultaliun and miero'<-opy. In 
1918 he pub. tlin-e " Priie Dissertation^'; " in 
1842 " Lectures on Homne<jpaihy, and its 
Kindred Delusions;" in lSi-» " A'Rr|)ort on 
Me<lieal Literature ;"" A P.iiiiplilet on Pner- 

ETa\ Fever; "and. in conn, ciion wiili Dr Jacob 
igelow, an edition of Hall's " Theiirv and 
Pra'ticcof .Meiliciiic,"8vo, 1919. He has hiKjn 
a freipicut contrib. lo metl. [leriiHlicals. as well 
as lo the .V. A. AVriVir. the Kiiirl'rl^rli-r, and 
other literary ma^jaiines. In 1852 Dr. Holmes 
delivcnil a course of lectures on th<^ " Enjrlish 
Poets of the 19th Century." He has also pub. 
"Elsie Vcnmr," a novel, 1960 ; " Currents and 
Counter-Currents in Medical Science," 1861; 
" Border-Lines in some Provinces of Med. 
Science; " " The Guanlian Anv-el," 1867 ; and 
" Mt-ehanism in Thought and .Morals," 1871. 
Dr. Holmes m. a dau. of the late Hon. Charlci 
Jaekstin of Bosion. 

Holmes, Tiieophilus Husteii, lieut.- 
ceii. C S.A., b. X.C. 1905 ; d. South-west Ark. 
Alar. .11, 1864. West Point, 1829. Entering 
the 7th Inf , he became Isl lieut. Mar. 26. 1815 ; 
cupt. Dec. 9. 18.18 ; was brev. mnj. forgnllaniry 
at -Monterey, Sept. 2-1, 1946; and tx^ame iniij. 
8th Inf .Mar. 3, 1955. In the latter part of 
1960 he obinined leave of absence, and went 
to X.C., where he had lar.re possessions l)oth in 
land and negroes ; he resigneil Apr. 29, 1861, 
and entered theConfed arinr. He com. a brig, 
of the TCMT\e at Bull Run.' Nov. 1.1, 1961, ho 
was app. to omi. the army of .Vcipiin, which 
co-operated with the army at Manassas. In 
Nov. 1962 he had a cinii. in Ark., with the 
rank of lieiii. gi'ii. 

Holstein-Ducoudray, Gex. H. L. v., h 

Germany ; d. Albany, N.\ , Apr. 23, 1939. a. 
76. He reieivwl a gi>odeduentioii ; entered the 
service early ; hecnnic a ilisting. siaffofficer lo 
Na|K>leon, after whose overthrow he came to 
the US, settled in Albany, taught French at 
the female iicad. there, and ed. the Ztxiinc. 
Author of " Rccoll.rtions of an Officer of the 
Empire," " Life of Bolivar." and " Memoirs of 
Lafaveite," 12ino, N.Y. 1924. 

H!olt, John, primer, b. Va. 1721; d N.Y., 
Jan. 30, 17<4. A nierehnni, and also raa<or 
of Williamshur;; ; lie was nnsncecssrul.anij in 
1760 liei;an in N.Y. the Harrllf and 1'a.ithoir, 
and in 1 766 the .V. Y. Imin.al, hut soon after 
removed to Norfolk, Va. In Nov. 1775 bis 
printing establishment at Norfidk, where ho 
was doing good service to the patriot cause, 
was destroyi."! by Ixinl Dnnmore Holt then 
went to N.Y.. and, while the British had |)os- 
session of that city, pub. his journal at Esopus 
anil P.Mi;;like<'psie. — Ixnainy. 

Holt, Jons Sacnders, b. Mobile. Ala., 
1 826. Autht>r of " Life and Opinions of Abra- 
ham Page," 1868; " What I Know alioui Ben 
Ec-les," 1869. 

Holt, Joseph, statesman, b. Brcckenridge 



HOL 



447 



HOO 



Co., Ky., Jiui. 6, 1807. Edticatcil at St. Jo- 
Bc.'i)l'i's Coll., Baiditown, ninl at Cuntru Coll., 
Danville; aiiJ iii 1828 bey:an to practise law in 
KlizaliLihtowii, Kv. ; in 18;i2 lie removed to 
Louisville, Kv. ; m 1833 became atty. lor the 
JeH'erson Circuit; removed in I83.i to Port 
Gibson, Mpi. ; practi-sed witb sucee>s, and in 
1842 returned to Loui,^ville ; in 18.i7 lie was 
made coinniiss. of patents by I'res. Biicbanan ; 
ill IS.iS became postmaster-gen. ; and, when 
John B. Floyd withdrew tr*m the cabinet in 
Dec. 181)0, assumed the ehaijie of tin; war dept. 
. To his precaulioiis in co-operation with Gen. 
Scott has been attributed the ab.^ence of any 
revol. demonstrations in Washington durinj; the 
iuaug. of I'res. Lincoln, lie actively advocat- 
ed tiie Union cause in Ky. and elsewhere, de- 
nouncing emphatically the poli< y of " neutrali- 
ty." He was app. one of a coin, to adjust the 
claims brought against the dcpt. of the West 
prior to Oct. U, 1861; and in .March, 1862, the 
com. made its report. Sept. 13 he was app. 
judgo-advocate-gen. of the army. Thougli in 
politics a Douglas Ueiftocrat, he supported Mr. 
Lincoln's administration throughout, ami ex- 
pressed his strong approval of the Ivmancipa- 
tiou I'roclamaiiou of Sept. 22, 1862. In 1864 
he was placed at the head of the bureau o( 
military justice. Offered the cabinet app. of 
atty.-<'eu. in Nov. 1864, but declined. Brev. 
maj.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865. 

Holton, S.iMt:EL, Revol. statesman, b. 
Danveis, .Us., June 9, 1738; d. Jan. 2, 1816. 
Main- vears an eminent physician in Dan vers, 
and member of the legisl. ijefore the Revol. He 
was one of the most zealous ami active patriots 
of his dav. Delegate to the E,ssex Co. conven- 
tion Sept. 1774; to the Prov. Congresses ot 
1774 and 5; a member of the com. ot safety, 
Julv, 1776 ; member of the sup. c.xec. councij ; 
a delc'Mtc to banie the Confederation in 1777 ; 
delegate to the Old Congress Irom 1778 to 
1783, and in 1781-7; delegate to the State 
convention to adopt the Federal Constitution, 
178'J; M.C. 1793-5; judge of probate for Ks- 
EC.x Co. 1796-1815 ; al=o holding a seat in the 
council 27 years, and on the bencli of the C.C.P. 
lie was a councillor aud viee-pres. of the ils. 
Jled. Society. 

Holyoke, Edward, pics, of II.U., b Bos- 
Ion, June 25, 1689; d. June 1, 1769. H. U. 
1705 Tntor in 1712 ; ord. minister of a new 
socictv at Marblehead, Apr. 25, 1716, and ot- 
fieiatJd there till July 25, 1737, when he was 
elected pies, of the coll., which flourished under 
his charge. lie was especially disting. as a 
mathematician and classical scholar, lie con- 
trib. the <ii=t poem in Pittas el Gratululio ol 

11. u, 1761.— y;//o(. 

Holyoke, Edwaud Augcstus, M.D., 
I.L U i.hv-i ian, b. Marblehead, Aug. 1, 1723; 
d .Sdeui,.Uar.31,1829,a.lOUvrs.8inos. ll.U. 
1746. Son of the preceding. • He l«;gan to prae- 
li,c medicine at Salem in 1749, continuing in 
business more than 70 years. He was an acute 
and learned plivsician, and a good surgeon ; was 
a louiider of the -Ms. Med. Society, and lis first 
pics. He performed a surgical operation at 
tlie a"e of 92. Lven after lie liad attained his 
lOoiifyear, he was interested in the invesriga- 
tiou of medical subjects, and wrote letters 



which show that bis understanding was still 
clear and strong. On his 1 00th Ijirthday, about 
50 of Ins medical brethren of Boston and Sa- 
lem gave him a public dinner, when he appeared 
at the table wiih a linn step, smoked his pipe, 
and gave an iip]iropriate toast. A Jlemoir of 
his lile was ]iub. by the Essex Med. Soc. 1829. 
Holyoke, Samuel, teacher of niiisic, b. 
Boxlord, .Ms., Oct. 15,1762; d. Concord, N.H., 
Feb. 7, 1820. 11. U. 1789. Son of Rev. Eli/.ur. 
He pub. " Columbian Repository of Sacred 
Harmonv," " Occasional Music," K.xeter, 1802. 
Hom'ans, .Ions, -M.D. (1815), an eminent 
phvsician ot Boston, b. there 1793; d. 17 Apr. 
1868. H.U. 1812. Hepr.ictisedayearcn- two 
in Worcester, afterward at Brooklield, and in 
1829 settled In Boston. Some years pres. Ms. 
Med. Sucietv. 

Home, "Daxiel Dcnclas, Spiritnalist, b. 
Mar. 18;J3. Author of " Incidents of my Life," 
1863, ill which he says, " The only good 1 have 
ever derived from 'ihe gift' is the knowledge 
that many who had never believed in a future 
cxi.^tence are now happy through me in the 
certitude of the ' life to come.' " He has vis- 
iled.nearly every country in Europe, where his 
wonderful medi'umislic "power has been gener- 
ally admitted. In 1864 he was ordered to ijuit 
Ko'ine, the authorities of that city being afraid 
of liis ]iowcrs 

Homor, William BnADFORD, minister of 
So. Berwick, Me., b. Boston ; d. .Mar. 22, 1841, 
a. 24. Ainh. Coll. 1836. Son of Glo. J. Ho- 
mer. He had been settled only 4 months. His 
writings were edited by Dr. E. A. Park, who 
also pub. a .Mi'nioir of him, 2d ed. 1849. 

Homes, Willia.m, minister of Martha's 
Vineyard, b. in north ol Ireland, 106.3; d. Cliil- 
mark (where he had been settled since 1715), 
June 20, 1746. Liberally educated. He came to 
K.lv in 1686, taught school 3 yeaison the Vine- 
yard, returned to Ireland, and was ord. minis- ' 
tcr at Strabane in 1C92, and icturiied to Amer. 
in 1714. He pub. sermons on "The Sal>- 
bath;" on "Public Reading of the Scrip- 
lure ; " " Church Government," 1732 ; " Secret 
Prayer;" "Government of Christian Fami- 
lies," 1747. His son dipt. Robert m. Mary, 
a sister of Benj. Franklin. 

Hone, Philip, a philanthropic merchant, 
b. >iew York, 1781 ; d. there May 4, 1851. Ue 
was a popular and successful man of business; 
was one of the founders and a principal patron 
of llie Mercantile Lib. Assoc, of New Vork; 
was long an alderman; and in 182i)-6 mayor 
of liie city. Pres. Taylor app. him naval otii- 
cer of Ncvv York, the duties of which post he 
discharged until his ileath. 

Honey wood, St. John, poet, b. Leicester, 
Ms., Feb. 7, 1763; d. Sept. 1, 1798. Y.C. 1782. 
His father, an English physician who had set- 
tled in Leicester, d. a surgeon in the army at 
Ticoiideroga in 1776, leaving his son an or- 
phan and destitute, lie was educated by some 
Iriends; in 178.3-4 taught in an academy at 
Scheiiecladv, N.Y.; then sjudied law in Alba- 
nv; and practised in Salem, Washington Co., 
during the rest of bis life. A vol. ol his poems 
was pub, in New York in 1801. — Diti/rkmck. 

Hood, George, author of a " History of 
Music in N. E," Boston, 18mo, 1846; (1 



HOO 



443 



HOO 



Phila. 18 Mnv, 1869. Rusincss-mnnagcr of 
the riiil.1. Aca'.l. of Musir. 

Hood, Gks. John IJ.. I). Bath Co., Ky., 
lib. 18IU. West Point, I8.'>3. Kniering the 
4ih liiC, hf wiis trunsf. (.'» Mar. 1855) to the 2d 
Cuv., with a detachment of which he had a 
cullunt coiitlict wiih a bo<ly of Comiinchc and 
Lipau Indians near the head of the San Pedro 
Kiver, Texas, "JO July, 1857, and was wound- 
ed; Ut lieut. 18 Auj". 1858; roigiiol 16 Apr. 
1861 ; and was np|). n hrig.-j:en. in the Confed. 
army. lie was one of the officers who parlici- 
paieU in handin:; over the U.S. troops in Tex- 
as to the secessionists. He raised a rci;t. of 
Kentuckiuns ; com. a hrijiade in Johnston's 
(afterward Braj.'g's) army in I86J ; joined the 
army of Va. in the spring of 1862 ; was pro- 
moted to com. the cav. corps, and made a maj.- 
gen. ; com. n division at Aiilietam, Sept. 18C2 ; 
at Ucttyshurg he com. the largest division in 
Longsireut's corps, and was severely woniided. 
Itcjoining Longslivel's corps in Georgia, he 
fought at Chickamauga (losing a leg), and pro- 
moted to lieul.-geii.; and in July, 1S64, succeed- 
ed Johnston in com. at Atlanta, which he was 
com])ilied by tjen. Sherman to evacuate 1 Sept. 
lie then un5ucccs?fuily endeavored to destroy 
Gen. Sherman's communications ; was defeated 
in hi.s utieinpt to capture Niishville, I" Ucc. 
1864, by Geii. Thomas; and in Jan. ISu5 was 
relieveil of his com. by Gen. Dick Taylor. 

Hooke, William, b. Southampton. 1601; 
minister at raunton, and from 1644 to 1656 at 
N. Haven ; returned to Eng. ; was Cromwell's 
chaplain; and d. Mar. 21, 1678. Oxf U. 1623. 
Bro.inlaw of G. Whallcy, and m. Cromwell's 
con5in. Had been minister of Exiuouih, Dev- 
on , and was in N.K. as early as 1639. lie 
pui). " l)i.-cour^e on the \Vitncs.'.c~," " New 
Kngland's Tears for Old England's Fears," 
July 2.'t, 164t); aUo oilur sermons. Two of 
hi.i sernions arc reprinted in " The Ministry of 

Hooker, Edward W., D.I). (Wms. Coll. 
1840J, li. iio.-hen, Ct., 24 Xov. 1794. Mid. 
Coll. 1814. He began to study music at the 
age of 12, and has pub. many important lec- 
tures, addrc->es, &c., on that subject; also "A 
Plea for .Sacred Music ; " " Alcinoir of Mrs. 
Sarah 1.. lluntin;'ton Smith," I84.'> ; and " l.ilo 
of riiiMuas Hooker," l2nio, 1949. 

Hooker, Hlrma.n, D.l). (I'u. Coll. 1848), 
clcrgvinan and author, b. Poultncv, Vt., ab. 
1800'; d. Phila. July 25, 1865. 'Mid. Coll. 
1825. lie sluilicd divinity at Princeton; sub- 
seipiemly Ix'caine an Epis. clergyman, but. on 
being compelled by ill health to relinquish this 
offiie, beeaine a Iwokscller in I'hila. He has 
pub. " The Portion of the Soul," 1835, " Poim- 
lar InlMeliiy." entitled in a later c<li(ion " Tho 
Philosophy of L'niiclief in Morals and Kcli- 
gion ; " ■'• The L'-.es of Adversity and the 
Provisions of Consolation , " a vol. of " Max- 
ims ; " and " The Chrisiian Life a Fight of 
F.iitli.' — liif/i-hiirH. 

Hooker, Joskimi, maj.-gen. U. S. A., b. 
Hadlej, .Ms.. 1915. West Point, 1837. En- 
leiing ilic 1st. Art., he was aide to Gen. Hamer 
in the Mexican war ; was brev. capt. for gal- 
lantry at Monterey ; became assist, adj -gen. 
(rank of ca,.t 1 3 March, 1847; and won the 



brevets of mnj. and lieut.-ci>l. at the Xational 
Bridge and Cluipulte|H-c. He became capt. 29 
Oct. 1848; n-si-ned 21 Feb. 1853, and sciiled 
on a farm in Cal , where he was re-iding when 
app. brig.-gvn. of vols. May 17, 1S6I During 
this period he assisted in constructing a na- 
tional road connecting Cal. anit (Oregon. A»- 
si;;ned to the Army of the Potomac, he was 
aitenvard promoted to a diviAion in lleinixcl- 
man's corps. From July, 18GI, to Feb. 1862, 
he was stationed i« Southern Md. In the sub- 
sequent battles on the Peninsula, es[iecia!lr 
that of Williamsburg, May 5, where he was 
highly distinguished, his trmips were popularlr 
known as " tighiing Joe Hooker's division. ' 
Made roaj.-gcn. vols. 5 May, 1862, he was as- 
signed to the 1st Army Corps in Sept. ; bore 
a disting. part in the second battle of Bull 
Run, where he com. the forces in and around 
Fairfax ; and at the battle of Aniietani com. 
the right wing. VVoundcil in the foot, he was 
disabled from dul* for scivr.d weeks. Sept. 
20 he was made brig.-gen. U.S.A. ; in Xov. bo 
8u|>cr^ded Gen. Portcpin command of the 5ih 
corps ; was shortly after assigncil the centre 
grand division of the Army of the Potomac, 
and succeeded Gin. Bumsiilc in the i hief com. 
in Jan. 1863. Crossing the ll^ippahannoek, 
April 27, he was attacked in his position at 
Cliancellorsvillc, May 2-3, by Gen. Lt.e,nnd was 
comjiclled to rccross the river. June 27, 18u3, 
he resigned the com. of the Army ol the Poto- 
mac, and was succeeded by Gen. Mcudc. Ho 
com the llth and I2lh Army Corps 24 Sept. 
1S63; in operuts. ab. Chattanooga. Oct. 186.3- 
Muy, 1864, being engaged in combat of Look- 
out Valley (Oct. 27-8), capture of Lookout 
Mountain (24 Nov.), battle of Mission. Kiilgo 
(25 Nov.), and Kinggold, Ga. (27 Nov.), 1863; 
com. 20th Corps in invasion of Ga. ; and en- 
gaged at Mill Creek Gap (8 Mav, 1864). 
Kesaca (14-15 May), Cassville (19 .M'.iy), Dal- 
las (25 May), actions near Atlanta (July IS- 
19, 1664). Peaeh-tix-c Creek (20 July), and siege 
ot Atlanta (22-30 July, 1^64) ; brev. maj.-gen. 
U.S..V. 13 Mar. 1865, lor battle of Chatta- 
nooga; m.nj.gen. USA. Oct. 15, 1868; re- 
tired same date. 

Hooker, Thomas, un eminent divine, and 
one of the founders of the Colony of Ct., b. 
Markfield, Lcicotershire, Eng., 1586 ; d. Hart- 
ford, July 7, 1647. Son of 'I'homas. Became 
a fellow of Em. Coll., Cambridge ; was a 
popular preacher in Lond., and a lecturer in 
Chelmsford, Essex, but was silenced lor non- 
conformity. He then kept a school, iu which 
John Eliot " the Apostle " was his assist. ; 
but, being still persecuted by the Spiritual 
Court, he in I6'I0 fled to Holland, wliere ho 
preached at Dellt and Uoticrdum, being an 
assist, to Dr. Ames, who said of hiin, " that 
he never met with his equal either In preach- 
ing or disputation." Sept. 3, 16.1.3, he arrived 
at Boston ; was in the following month ord. 
pastor of the church in Newton n; but in June, 
16 :6, be with his whole pong, removed to tho 
banks of the Ct. IJiver, where th y foundeU 
Hartford. Whenever he visited Boston, which 
he often did, he attracted great crowds by his 
fervent, forcible prvoching ; and no man had 
luoro influence in the churches of N.E. Ilij 



HOO 



449 



HOP 



dcaih was lamenled as a public loss. John 
C'ouon, Klijah Corlot, Peter IJulkeley, Eilwanl 
Joliiisoii, and lizekiel Kogcrs, were among 
those who paid tribute to his tnemory. A 
Aliinoir of his Lil'e, wi.h a selection trom his 
w iiings, has been pub l)y a ile>eendant, Rev. 
K. \V. Hooker, t/.D., Boston, 1840. He pub. 
many vols, of sermons and polemical works. 
His principal works are, '' The Survey of 
Cliureh Discipline,'' 1648; " The Application 
of Redemption," &c., second cd., Lond. 1G.J9; 
and " The Poor Doubting Christian drawn lo 
Chiist," 7th cd., Boston, 1743. Sa.\iukl, his 
son, second minister of Farmington, Ct., b. 
lU.ta. d. Nov. 6, 1697. H. U. 1653. Ord. 
July, 1061. 

!&00ker, Wortuixgton, M. D. (H. U. 
ISi'J), phvsieian and author, b. Sprin-riield, 
Ms., Mar." 3, 1806; d. N. Haven, Ct., Nov. 6, 
18G7. Y.C. 1825. Son of Jud«e John. Ho 
established himself in practice in Norwich, Ct., 
and afterwards in N. Haven,K Prof, of the theory 
and laactice of mcd., V.C, I8.'>-2-67, and ac- 
quired a good practice in N. Hviven. Author 
of " Human Pliysiolo};y for Colleges and 
Academies;" "Hooker's Book of Nature," 
in 3 parts; "A Child's Book of Common 
Things; " " A Child's First Book of Natural 
Philosophy;" "A Child's I'irst Book of 
Chemistry ; " " Natural History, Mineralogy," 
&c. ; "Physician and Patient," 1849; "Les- 
sons from the History of Medical Delusions ; " 
" Homoeopathy, an D.xamination of its Doc- 
trines and Evidences, ic," 18.53 ; " The 
Medical Profession and the Community ;" 
" Rational Therapeutics," 12mo, 1857. — i'ale 
Coll. Obit. 

Hooper, Edward Jamks, b. Eng. 1803. 
Settled in the U.S. 1830. Author of a " Dic- 
tionary of Agriculture," 8vo, Cincin. 1842. 
Sonic years editor of the WeKleni Farinr:r and 
Giirdiiicr, and 30 years a contrib. to agric. 
journals. — AUibone. 

Hooper, Loct, poet, b. Newburyport, 
Ms., Feb. 4, 1816; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Aug. 
1, 1841. She was carcfnlly" trained by her 
fallier, and at 15 removed wiih the family to 
Brooklyn. Herpoems were jirincipally contrib. 
to the Z/0»7 Inland Star. They were coll. in 
1841J with the title, " Scenes fiom Real Life," 
and a prize essay on " Domestic Happiness." 
In 1845 was pub. " The Lady's Book of Flow- 
ers and Poetry." Her " Complete Poetical 
Works " were pnb. in 1848. In 1842 an cd., 
with a Memoir by John Kecse, was pub. 

Hooper, Roueet Lkttice, chief justice 
of N. J. 1725-8. and from Nov. 1722 to his d. 
iMar. 17;i9. — Field's Prov. Cotirls in A'. ./. 

Hooper, Samuel, merchani, and M.C. 
from Ms lsiil-71, b. Marblehcad, Ms., 3 Feb. 
1808, educated there, and many years eniraged 
in the China trade in Boston. MendierMs. h. 
of rep. 1851-4, and of the senate in 1857. 
M. A. of Howard U. in 1866 as founder of 
the " Sihool of Mines" in that university. 
Author of a treatise on Currency, 1855. 

Hooper, William, Rcvol. statesman, b. 
Boston, June 17, 1742; d. Hillsborough, N.C., 
Oct. 1790. H.U. 1760. William his father 
(min. of the West Cong. Ch., Boston, 18 May, 
l7.J7-19Nov. 174C; of Trinity Ch. (lipis.), 28 



Aug. 1747, to his d. 14 Apr. 1767), b, and 
educ. in Scotland, author of "The Apostles 
neither Impostors nor Enthusiasts," 1742. 
The son studied law under James <)tis, and, 
on being adm. to the bar, went to N.C. in 1764, 
and removed permanently to Wilmington in 
1767, where he soon obtained extensive prac- 
tice, and was noted for his social qualities and 
hospitality. He represented Wilmnigtoninthe 
legisl. of 1773, and signalized himself by his 
opposition to the arbitrary measures of the govt., 
against which he also wielded a successful pen 
under the signature of " Hampden." In 1774 
he was a delegate to the Gen. Congress at 
Phila. ; chairman of a com. app. to report an 
address to the inhabitants of Jamaica, the 
draught of which was his work. Soon after 
signing the Decl. of Indep., Mr. Hooper was 
obliged to resign his seat on account of the 
embarrassed condition of his private affairs. 
He tilled various public stations in his adopted 
Stale until 1787. 

Hope, Henrv, an eminent banker of Am- 
sterdam, 1>. Buston, 1736; d. Lond. Feb. 25, 
1811. He was the son of a Scottish loyalist 
who had settled in Boston. Henry lived some 
time at Quincy. At the age of 18 he went to 
Eng. ; soon after entered a London counting- 
house ; and in 1760 became a partner with his 
uncles in Amsterdam. On the death of his 
un: le Adrian iu 1780, the whole business 
devolved on him. 

Hopkins, Daniel, D.D. (Dartm. Coll. 
I8U9), mini,>terof S.dein, Ms., from Nov. 1778 
to his d. Dec. 14, 1814; b. Watcrbury, Ct., 
Oct. 16,1734. Y.C. 1758. Bro, of Dr. Samuel 
of Newport. He tiiuglit school at Salem in 
1766-78. He jiub. dedication seimon, 1805; 
and a sermon on the death of Washington. 
A vol. of his works, with Memoir by Prof. 
Park, was pub. I85:i. — Sprayiie's Aiimils. 

Hopkins, Edward, gov.of Ct.,b. Shrews- 
bury. Eng., 1600; d. Lond. Mar. 1057. He 
was an eminent merchant in Lond., and came 
to Boston with Mr. Davenport in the summer 
of 1637. Removing to Hartford, he was 
chosen a magistrate in 1639, and gov. of Ct. 
from 1640 to i054 alternately with .Mr. Haynes. 
Upon the death of his elder bro. he returned 
to Eng. ; became warden of the fleet, commis- 
sioner of the admiralty, and member of par- 
liament; not forgetting, however, his friends iu 
N.E., whoderiveil great benefit from hisservices 
in the mother-country. At his death, he left 
a large estate in N.E., which has been appro- 
priated to the support of the grammar-'-chools 
in N. Haven, Hartford, and Iladley. He was 
one of those who formed the union of the N E. 
Colonies, 1643. He left a donation of £r.00, 
which was, by a decree of chancery, 1710, paiil 
to Harv. Coll. With this money, rciil estata 
was purchased in a township mimed Hopkin- 
ton iu honor of the donor. — Eliot. 

Hopkins, Esek, first commodore of the 
Auicr navy, b Scituate, R,I., 1718 ; d. Norih 
Providenee, Feb. 26, 1802. Un the breaking- 
out of the IJevol. war, he was commissioned 
by Gov. Cooke as brig.-gen. Dec. 22, 1775, 
he reeeivcil a commission from Congress as 
commo. and com in. -chief of the navy. He 
put to sea in Feb. 1776, with the first squad. 



4o0 



HOP 



wnt out b_v tlic Colonies, conslHtin;; of 4 ships 
and t xluojis. The 6t.-vl snili'<l for ihc linhjiinat, 
i-ii|>turiri^ the forts at Xiw rroviilincc, SOeiin- 
n.iii, mill « liir^c quaiiiity of onlnanrc, s'orf', 
aii'l aiiirniiiiitiun. Oil his return, otf Uhick 
l>Ianil hf took the Briii<h schooner " Hawko," 
iiiitl the lioinlnhri^ " Boltort," for whii.li the 
pre. ol Coii^rress iom|ilimcnlo<i hini oflii'iiilly. 
Twoilavsiiflcnsiinls, with 3 ves.-cU, hciittutked 
" The ("il.iscow " of 29 (,''>"»; ''Ut rsho e.-.i-iipe<l, 
niiit for this Hopkins ami dipt Whipple were 
i>Mi-ur>il, the latter nurticiiUiily. In June, 
1776, IJiipkins was orileriil liv Conjjress lo a]>- 
pear iM-fore the navnl eoniinittrc in I'hila. lo re- 
ply lo cimriies preferred a;;itinst him fur not an- 
iiilyin:; the enemy's sliijis on the southern loast. 
Uj was ilelended by .John Adams, and was 
ariinitted. purilv out of retfanl for the feclin(^ 
of liis hro. Stephen, a inemlicr of Congress, but 
wiis dismissed the service 2 Jan. 1777. Ban- 
croft styles iiim " aijed and ini'OinjK.'tenl." 
Oiien a'liiemher of llie U.I. Asscinlily. liis 
son, Jiiiix Burrows, was active in the dc- 
Blriiciion uf "' The Gaspce ; " was one of the 
first cipis. of the Revo!, navy, coimnis. Vlv. 22, 
1775; com. " The Cabot ""(16 ciins) in the 
cxped. to the Bahamas, Feb. 1776; ami in 
April, 1779, sailed from Boston in com. of a 
siiimd., "hieh returned safely after a nuinl>er 
ol valua'le raptures. 

Hopkins, Jons IIknky, D.C.L., I.I-.O., 
rr.-l'.p. lpi>li..|>ofVt., b. Dublin, Jan. 30, 1792; 
d. Uock I'uint, Vt., Jan. 9, 1868. He came to 
Aiiier. wiili his parents iu Auj;. 1800, and was 
inii'iideil lor the law; but, alter recciviii;;ac!as- 
eical ediuaiiou. spent a year in a coiinlin",;- 
housc in I'hila. ; assisted Wilson the ornithol- 
0;;i't lo prepare the plates to the tirsl 4 %'ols. 
of his work; and ab. 1810 einbirkeil in the 
inanuf. of iron in the western part of Pa. In 
Oct. 1817 he quilted the huiiiie>s a bankrupt ; 
wiLs, after 6 months' study, adm. to the l>ar in 
Piltsbiir;;. but iu Nov. \8i-i eniereil the niiu- 
i>try. Ord. priest in .May, 1824,nii<l rector of 
Trinity Chunh, Pitt-sburs;. A new buildin;; 
beinj,' wanted, he liecame its architect, studying 
Uutliic an'Iiiteclure for the purpose. In 1831 
he accepted a call lo Trinity Church, Boston, 
as assist, minister. A iheol. sem. was at the 
same time e.-lahlisheil in the diix'ciie of Ms., 
in which he became prof, of svstematie diviniiv. 
Consec. 1st bishop of Vl. Oct. 31, 1832. lie 
at Ihc same time accepted the reiti>r<hip of St. 
Paul's, 15urliii;;ton. lie soon bepin a boys' 
school, which involved him, pecnni.irily, to a 
decree which resulted in the sacrifUT! of his 
pru|>erty, and a debt which ic took him many 
years i.) cmcel. He resi;:ned bis rectorship in 
It>56, that he inif^ht devote himself more unre- 
servedly to the work of bis diocese, and the 
lniildiii;;-iip at Btirlin;:lon of the " Vl. Epis. 
Institute." Besides a uumlH-r of paniphlel-4, 
sernion->, and addresses, ho has pub. " Chris- 
liinitv Vindicated," 1833; "The Primitive 
Creel E.xauiined ami Explained," 18.34 ; "The 
Piimitive Church compared with the Prol - 
Epis. Chunh of the I'rt'sent Day," 1835; 
" Es.sav on Gothic Architi-ciure," 1836; " The 
' C!i'in-fi of lionie in her Primitive Purilv coin- 
iKired with the Church of Uome at the l^resent 
bay," 1*)7 ; " Twelve Canzonets," words and 



music, 18.39 ; " Causes, Principles, and Kcsulia 
uf the British Reforinaiiim." 1844; "History 
of the Confessional," 1 850 ; " A Uefutatioti of 
.Miliier's End of Controversy," 1854; "The 
Ainer. Citizen, his Ki^ht-s ami Duties," 1857 ; 
" Vindicaliun of Slavery," 186.3 ; " Chunh His- 
tory in Verse," 1867. He took a prominent part 
in the Pan-Anglican svnod at I.rftmlieih, and 
reeeivi-d Irura <)xfurd l'. tliede;;ree of I) C.L. 
Ue was a deeidetl champion of the Hi;,'li-Churx:b 
purlv. 

Hopkins, Lkmuel. phvsician and poet, b. 
WaterlMirv, Ct., June 19, '17^0; d. Hariford, 
A[ir. 14, 1801. A.M. of V.C. 1784. He prac- 
iL-rfld imdieinc at Litchfield from 1776 to 1784, 
when he removed to Hartfor.l, where he sus- 
tained a lii^h reputation, and had an exleiisiro 
practice. He was peculiar and uri;:inal in his 
apiKMrancc, inaniier>, an 1 opinions; buhl in iiis 
inipiiries; free from tlin restraints of |irejui!i,-e 
or authority ; and severe and sarcastic iu his 
wit. He was Ix'nevolent and philanlhro|iie ; 
was talented, learned, and (loctical ; in his ear- 
lier days an adherent of the Fremli infidel 
philosophv, but, later, a di!ip.-nt stinh'tii uf ihc 
Bible. \Vith Truinhiill, Barlow, Al.-oji, The- 
odore D«i;;lit, and others (culled '■ TlielLnfoi-il 
Wits "), he joined in the" Anarchiad " (which 
he proj"Cied,and had a primipal share in wril- 
iu:;, baviu): for its object the sup|>ort ot an ef- 
ficient Federal Coustiluiiun, a subject then 
(ireativ cxenisini; the public mind), " The 
Echo,'' " Pulitieal Greenhouse," "Tlie Guillo- 
tine," and similar saii;ical com|iosiiiuns ; and 
he is said to have written lor Barlow the beau- 
tilnl and well-known ver-iun of the 137tli ixalin, 
be);innini:, " Alone the hanks where Ilalid's 
current Hows." Amoiii; the lie-iC known of 
his verses are the " II»|)oi'rite's IIo|«\ ' and an 
Eli%'y on the " Victim of a Cancer (Junck." 
Some of his verses apfx-ar in the Liiehlield 
Coli. of " .\inerican Poems," 1793. 

Hopkins, Mark. 1».I). | Dartm. Coll. 
ia)7). l.l-.D. (U. of N.V, I8-|7). elenmiuii 
anil aui'.iur, b. Slockbi idi.''", .Ms., F. b. 4, IS;I2, 
Wins. Coll. IS24. GraiiiUon of Mark, an of- 
ficii uf the Revol., and siib*(jiieiilly ii lawyer. 
Ue was a tutor two years; rcciived in 1S28 
the degree of M.D . and in ISy.t iinninem-ed 
the practice of iiie>licino in X. Y. In Au-.;. 
1 8 !i) be was called to the chair of inor.il phi- 
losophy and r!ielo''ie; and Sept. 15, lSo6, lie- 
cnmc prcs of Wins. C.i I. Prof, of CMirisiian 
lheoli>;;y since 18.58. He is alio pastor uf the 
Coll Church; and has iivtund iH'fon.'the Loxr- 
ell Iiisi. of Boston, the Smithsonian 1 1 I., and 
various lite -aiy and sci'ntilie assx'atioiis. He 
has lakca an active pan iu tliedelii>era;ion'> of 
the A.B.C.F..M.. of which, since 1857. he lias 
been prcs. Author of " Lectures on the \'.\i- 
dences of Christiaiiily," 8vo, 1846; a new e.li- 
lion lSr>4; also a series of " Li-clureson .Mural 
Science ; '" " Law of Love," &o., 1869 ; '• .Mis- 
cel!ane<Mis Essays and niscoursi'S,"8vo, 1847; 
and of many occasional sermons and a li!iv»cs. 
Ciider his supcrvisi.m the coll. has eiilartj^d 
her resources and the nuinlicr of her students. 

Hopkins, Samcel, b. W.iterbnr»-, Cl , 
1693, minister of W. Sprin;{field, iU.. fn.iu 
June 1, 1720, to his d.. Oct. 6. 1755. Y.C. 
1718. Gicit-j^iaiid^on of John of Cambridijc, 



HOF 



451 



HOP 



16.'34. tie pull. " Ilistoriciil Memoirs uf the 
liousatumick liidiaiii," &c., 4tu, 17.")"l. 

Hopkins, Samlijl, U.I). (B. U. 1790), 
(uiniiler ot tlie Uopkiiisian iliviiiitv, b. \Vu- 
terbiiiv, Ct., Sept. I", I72I ; d. Newport, IM., 
liec. io, 180.!. Y.C. 1741. Before his 13th 
year he was chiefly oecupied in fanning. He 
studied divinity with Jonathan Edwards ; was 
orU. pastor of the church in llousatuniuic, Dee. 
28, 1743; was dismi.sscd Jan. 18, 17B9; and 
was settled at Newport, Apr. 11, 1770. Diirin^j 
the British occupancy of Newport in 177G-8(>, 
he preached in various places. Hetuniiii;; to 
his parish, he found it so much iujpovcii-hed, 
lliat, for tlie remainder of liis life, Dr. Hopkins 
was dependent lor his maintenance upon weekly 
contributions and the voluntary aid of a few 
friends. So powerfully did he oppose slavery, 
that in 1774 a law was passed, Ibrblddlu^ llic 
importation of negroes into the Colony; ami 
ill 1784 It was declared by the le^ibl. that all 
children of slaves boru after the fo. lowing Mar. 
should bo free. He also,, as early as 1773, 
formed a plan for evangelizing Africa, and col- 
onizing it with free negroes from America. 
Besides his numerous sermons, addresses, and 
pamphlets, he pub. a Life of Pres. Edwards, 
Lives of Susaninih Anthony and Mrs. Oshorn, 
and left behind him sketches of his own life, 
and a Treatiseou the Milleijnium, pub. Boston, 
1 8.')4. His '■ System of Theology " is his gre.it 
work. His entire works were pul>. by Dr. \Vest 
in 180.5, and again, with a Memoir of his life 
and eharact'.T by Dr. Park, by tlie Doctrinal 
Tract and Book Society (Boston, 185i). Dr. 
Ilupkiiis is the hero of Mrs. H. B. Stowe's 
" .Minister's Wooing." 

Hopkins, Gen. Sa.mcel G.,b. Albemarle 
Co., Va. ; d. Hinderson, Ky., Oct. 1819. A 
Revol. ollicer; fought at Trenton, Princeton, 
Brandy wine, Monmouth ; and at (iermaniown 
coin, a batt. of light inf., and was severely 
wounded. He was lieut.-col. loth Va. regt. at 
the siege of Charleston, where he was made 
prisoner; and, alter Col. Parker's death, com. 
the regt. He settled on Greene River, Ky., in 
1797; served several years in the Ky. legisl. ; 
and was M.C. in 1813-15. In Oct. 1812 be led 
2,000 mounted Ky. troops against the Kicka- 
poo villages on the Illinois; but was misled by 
his guides, and returned. In Nov. he led a 
party up the Wabash, burned several Indian 
viilages, and lost some men in an ambuscade, 
and was forced to retire to Vincenncs. 

Hopkins, Stephen, LL.D., signer of the 
Dccl.of Indep., b. Scituate, R.I., 7 Mar. I7o7; 
d. Piovidence, R.I., 19 July,1785. Self-taught, 
and ored a farmer. He removed to Proviileiice 
i;i 17.'n ; engaged in inereantile business and 
in land-surveying; became a justice of the 
peace ; a member and speaker of the Assembly 
ill 1732-41; cbiefjusticcof C.C.P. In t739,and 
of the Superior Court in 17.'Jl-4 ; a delegate to 
the Albany Congress in X'ai, and one of the 
com. which drew up a plan of union for the 
Colonies; gov. of R.I. in 1754-68, excepting 4 
years; was a member of the Cont. Congress in 
1774-8; and was subsequently a member of 
the IM. legisl. In 1765 he was chairman of a 
com. 10 draught instructions to the Gen. Assem- 
bly on the Stamp Act, the resolutions wliich 



were reported and passed being suhstantiallj 
the same as those carried by Patrick Henry in 
the Va. H. of Burgesses. In 1773 he was aiiple- 
gate to the Assembly, and a member of the com. 
ot corresp. A clear and convincing speaker, he 
used his influence in Congress in favor of de- 
cisive measures ; was active as a member of the 
naval com. in the formation of our navy, and 
was one of the com. that drafted the articles 
of contederation for the govt, of the States. 
-Many years elianc. of Brown U. Notwithstand- 
ing his liiiiiied education, he was a good matlie- 
matician ; and his knowledge of literature, sci- 
ence, and political economy, was varied and 
extensive. He pub an account of Providence 
in the -Ms. Hist. Colls. 2, ix., and, by order of 
the R. I. Assembly, " Rights of the Colonies 
E.xaniined," I76.T. 

Hopkins, Wh.liam Fenn, LL.D. (Trin. 
Coil., Geneva, 1853), teacher, b.Ct. 1S02; d. Ja- 
maica, W.I., 13 Jniy, 1859. West Point, 1825. 
Asst. prof, of chemistrv there 1825-36 ; prin- 
cipal of Norfolk Acad., Va., 1843-6 ; prof. nat. 
sciences, Georgetown, Ky., Milit. Inst., 1846-9 ; 
pres. and prof, math., Masonic U., Clarks- 
ville, Tenn., 1849 ; prof. chem. and nat. philos. 
Wm. and M. Coll., Va., 1849-50; prof. nat. 
philos. U. S. Naval Acad. 1850-9 ; U. S. consul 
Jamaica, Mar.-July, 1859. — Vullum. 

Hopkinson, Fhancis, author, and a sign- 
er of the Deel. of Indep., b. Phila. 17:!8; d. 
there 9 May, 1791. N.J. Coll. 1763. Thomas 
his father, b. in Eng., d. 1752, and was a friend 
of Franklin. His mother was a dau. of the 
Bislio]) of Worcester. Sec. at a conf. held on 
the Lehigh between the govt, of Pa. and the 
Indians in 1761. Adm. to the bar in 1765; 
visited Eng. in 176G-8, and on his return m. 
Ann Borden of Bordcntown, N. J. He was 
soon after app. to a lucrative office in N. J , 
which he held until his repub. principles occa- 
sioned his removal. Member of Congress in 
1776-7; and during the Revol. disting. him- 
self by satirical and political writings. He em- 
ployed his wit upon the social follies of his 
time, especially against the ribahlry of the news- 
papers, and the exaggeration and prejudice with 
which the Federal Constitution was assailed. 
He held for some years a place in the loan 
office. Judge of admiralty for Pa. in 1 779-89, 
and U.S. dist. judge for Pa. from 1790 to his 
d. An account of his impeachment and trial 
is in " Pa. State Trials," vol. i. 1794. He was a 
man of varied accomplishments, skilled not only 
in scienceand literature, but in painting and mu- 
sic, composing popular airs for his own songs. 
Among his writings are " The Pretty Stoiy," 
1774; "The Old Farm and the New Farm," 
repub. in 1837 ; "The Prophecy," 1776; "The 
Political Catechism," 1777; "Battle of the 
Kegs," a humorous ballad; and "The New 
Roof, a Song for Federal Mechanics.'' His 
" Misc. Essays and Occasional Writings ' 
were pnh. by Dobson, 3 vols. 8vo, 1792. In bis 
" Typographical JI de of conduering a Quar- 
rel." he antici]iated Sonthey's bear-story in 
" Till- Doctor " by gradations of type. 

Hopkinson, Jo.seph, LL.D., lawyer and 
man ol letters, son of Francis, b. Phila. Nov. 
12, 1778; d. there Jan. 15, 1842. U. of Pa. 
1786. After studying law, be opened an office 



HOP 



-i: 



noil 



It F.aston. P.I., in 1791, but soon rilunicU lo 
riiila., wlivre liU |iri)fi'ssioniil iirui;ri'>s wm 
rapid. He was ilic Icuilintfcuiiiisil ul Dr. Kii^li 
in liiii famous snil a'.;iiin:ii OuIiIm'II in I79'J ; al- 
so lor llic dufundant.'' In si-viTal id iliu in^uigvnt 
trials U'lorc Jud;;g C'lia-e in 180(1, and was cn- 
giilji'd by the latu-r n|Min hi'i iniiivjclinicnt bi- 
tore tlio scniilc of llic U. S. .\l. C. 1S16-20, 
dittiiii;. himself uii tliO lai'iir quvstion. in n.l.i- 
lion lo the Svininolu war, and opixtsed a irnlhir- 
tcr of tliu U. S. Uaiik. After tliiif yeir^' »nb- 
M-quent rsidencu at Iturdcniowri, N. J., lie 
resumed pinetiee in I'liila. ; and in I !<JS wns 
"I'P- j"''n« "' ■'"•■ I-'*'- "'.»'• L'oun fori'ie Ea.sl- 
eni Dial, of I'a., an gllice wliieb his father and 
his };raudfutlier Tiionias had previously lilleil. 
A leading member of the eonvrniion tor revis- 
ing; the vonsriiution of I'a. in I8.'17. His 
speeches in that body on the Jndieial Tenure 
were puli. in 18.38. Viee-pres. of the Aiuer. 
I'hilos. Soc, and preii. of the I'a. Aeud. of Fine 
Arts. He was a fretpient lecturer Infore lite- 
rary institutions ; and many of his addix-sses 
were pub. The most celebrated of his literary 
productions was " Hail Columbia," wrinen in 
17'J8 for the bcnelit of an actor named Fox. 
Hupkinson was for many years a conlidential 
friend of Joseph Uoii;ip:irte, then resiJin;; at 
liordentown, and, during his absence, always 
ni«iia;;iMl his aff.iirs. 

Hopper, Isaac T., an eminent Quaker 
pli. iMihi..pist, b. Ueptford. X.J., Dec. .I. 1771 ; 
d. New York, M.iy 7, 1832. He learned the 
trade of n tailor ^>ilh an uncle in I'liila., but 
spent many of the last years of his life in 
N. Y., where at one time he kept a bookstore. 
His lime throu;,diont a Ion;; life was devoted 
almost wholly to charitable objects ; and he 
would at any lime leave bis business if his ser- 
vices Were required by the Prison Association, 
or by anv individual in distress. — Sie ^/l■moir 
by Mrs. 'VIM. 

Hoppin, Ai:ousTi:s. nrlist, b. Providence, 
I? 1., .liilv l.(, 18:i8. U. U 184S: Adtn to the 
K I bar.' He has of late devoted himself exclu- 
sively to drawing U|>on wood. He has illustrated 
Butler's poem of "Nolhini: to Wear," " The 
Autocrat of the Breaklast-Tablc," and a vari- 
ety of other works. His bro. Thomas F., b. 
Providence, R.I., Au^. 1816, studied painting 
with Paul Delarochc in 1837-8. and subse- 
quently desi(;ned the li;;urcs on the j;reat «in- 
dowof Trinity Church, X.Y. He has produced 
a sjiirited mmlel of a dog, which li.is been cast 
in bronze, and numerous etching's in outline, 
nn<l desi;.'ns in wood. Another bro., William 
J., thou;:h educated for the bar, has written 
inaii\ admirable papers on art, some of which 
have l>een pub., and others read lieforc the U.I. 
Art Association, N.Y. Hist. Soc., the Century 
Club, &c. 

Hornblower.JosKHH CornTEs, LL.D., 

ch. jiisiiee N.J. Sup. Court 18:lJ-46, b. Hille- 
vi:.e. N.J . G May, 1777; d. Newark, 11 June, 
I >C4. iSiin III JiidK'e Josiali. Adni. lo the bar 
in 1803; a prom, inemlier of the State Const. 
Coiiv. in 1844. In 18J6 he decided that Con- 
tfiess had uo rii;hi to pass a fugitive-slave law. 
I'lcs. N.J. Colonixation Soc. and of the N.J. 
lli-l Society. 
Ilornblbwer, J»siaii, a civil en^inwr 



and niagistratu. b. SfafTordshirc, Eng., 1729 
d. Jan. 21, 1809. He early bvcauic familial 
with inatheinuiical and ineclunieal hicikv ; 
and in I7.il came to Ainer. lo build a steam- 
engine at (be cop|icr iitincs near B^iievi.le, 
N. J., said to have b en the first one constructed 
in N. America. Bicomiii); intere8l<.d in tlieso 
■nines, be devoted his aiiciition also lo min- 
eralogy. Mcmlivr of llie I'uiit t'ongress \'%i. 
For many years snbsetineni to this |>eriod ho 
was u incinlKT of tlie State legislature, of 
which he also served as speaker; and from 
1798 till his death was a judge ol the Essex 
Co. Court. 

Horaer, William Kuuunds, anatomist, 
b. Warreiiton, Va., 3 June, 1793; d.Phila. 13 
Mar. 1853. U. of Pliila. 1814. Holxrl, his 
gr -gnindlulher, settled as a merchant at Port 
Tobacco, Md. Wiliiani studied ineiii me at 
Phila. ; in July, 1813, was app surgeon's mate 
U.S.N. ; served on the noriln ru frontier in 
1813-14, and resigned Mar. 1815. He then 
l>egan practice in Piiiia. ; acquiretl distinctiou 
and a large practice. L)i-scctor and demuiistra- 
tor U. of Pa, until, in Nov. 1819, app. adjunct 
prof, of ana:oiny ; and prof, in 18.31. In 1824 
lie discovered the Miisculua Uunirrii, an im- 
portant muscle of the eye ; in 1847 he founded 
St. Joseph's Hospi al, lo which he l>eqiicatiied 
his libraiy and instruments. Author ot " Trea- 
tise on Pathological Anatomy," Phila. 1S2C; 
"Lessons in Practical Anatoiny," 8vo; " Spe- 
'cial Anatomy and Histologvl" 2 vols. 8vo, 
ISil ; " U S.' Dissector," Sili'ed. 18.-|6 ; "Ana- 
tomical Atlas." — Giu.ii't Hid. Uioii. 

Horry, Flias, loundcr of n chair of moral 
and polii. pliilos. in Charleston College, b. of 
Huguenot ancestors, Charleston, S.C., 1743; 
d. there Sept. 17, 1834. 

Horsford, Fbi^s Norton, prof, of chem- 
istry, b. Cieiieseo, N.Y., 1818. Some liiue 
principal ol the Albany Female Acad. ; sul>- 
seqnently studied under Uarun Liebig in (jer- 
many lor several years ; and was Itnintord 
Prof in H.U. 1847-03, and teacher of chemis- 
try in Lawrence Scient. School, a dipt, of the 
U. which he was instrumental in establishing. 
He was employed as a chemist by the Boston 
board of water conimis., and hascontrib. many 
papers on cheniisiry to the scienlilic journals, 
lie married in 1847 .\1arv Uakdincr, b. New 
York, 1824 ; d. Cambridge, Ms., Nov. 30, 1835. 
Dau.of Sainl. S. Gardiner. She was an early 
contiib. to the /.<ii/y's ZJuot and the A'nirX;- 
trliockrr .l/(/./,i.-//i.-. Her " Indian Ix^gcnds 
and Other Poems " were pub. in Boston, 
1853. 

Horsey, Oitcruridge, lawyer and sena- 
tor, b. Somerset Co., Del., 1777; "d. Ncedwood, 
Md., June 9, 1842. He received a classical 
education ; studied law under J. A. Bayard ; 
was disting. in his profession ; was many 
years atty.-gen. of the State ; and from 1810 
to 1821 was U.S. senator from Del. 

Horsmanden, Damll, jurist, b. Goild- 

hursi, Kent, Kn.-land, 1691; d. Flatbush, L.I., 
Sept. 28, 1778. Called to the Council May 23, 
1733; he was successively recorder, chief jus- 
tice from Mar. 1763, and prcs. of the Council, 
and one of the cominis. to inquire into " The 
Uasjai " afl'air. He pub. " A History of the 



HOS 



453 



HOS 



Negro Plot," 1742, repiib. in 1810; and "Let- 
ter to Gov. Clinton," 1747. 

Hosack, David, M.I)., LL.D., F.R.S., 
plivsician and author, b. N.Y. City, Aug. 31, 
KM; d. Dec. 22, 1835. N.J. Coll. 1789. 
Alc.\., his fatlier, was a Scotch art. officer at 
the capture of Louisburg in 1758. He studied 
medicine and surgery with Dr. Richard Bay- 
ley; received his degree at Phila. in 1791 ; 
practised al). a year in Alexandria, Va. ; then 
pursued his medical studies in Edinburgh and 
Loudon under the most celebrated professors 
of ilie time, and returned in the summer of 
1794 with the first coll. of minerals introduced 
in America, and also a coll. of the duplicate 
specimens of plants from the herbarium of 
Linnaius, now constituting a part of the 
museum of the Lyceum of Nat. Hist, of N.Y. 
In 1795 he was upp. prof, of botany in Col. 
Coll., and soon after pub. a syllabus of his lec- 
tures. From 179C to 1800 he was the partner 
of Dr. Bard. On the death of Dr. VV. P. 
Smith in 1797, the chair of materia mcdica 
was assigned to Dr. H., who held it, with that 
of botany, till 1807, when he accepted that of 
materia mcdica and of midwifery in the Coll. 
of Phys. and Surgeons. In this school, re- 
modelled in 1811 under Pres. Bard, he was 
prof, of the theory and practice of physic and 
clinical med., and afterward of obstetrics and 
the diseases of women and children, until 1826, 
when, with Drs. Mott, Macneven, and Francis, 
he organized the med. depart, of Rutg. Coll. at 
N. Brunswick, N.J., with which his conn, was 
(!i^^oU■ed on its breaking up in 1830. Dr. H. 
was at various times physician to the almshouse, 
1 ic N. Y. Hospital, and the Bloomingdale Asyl., 
re-id. physician of N. Y. City, &c. He was 
among the original projectors of the N.Y. Hist. 
Soc, of which he was pres. in 1820-8; of the 
Hortic. Soc. and the Lit. and Philos. Soc. 
He established the Elgin Botanic Garden. His 
Uorlits Elijineiisis, a scientific catalogue of the 
plants he had brought together, gave him a 
high position as a botanist. Fellow of the Roy. 
Societies of Lond. and Edinb. (1817). He 
wrote much on fevers, and especially on yellow- 
fever. His paper on the Laws of Contagious 
Disorders obtained a wide celebrity. From 
1810 to 1814 he conducted, in connection with 
his pupil John VV. Francis, the Amir. Med. 
and Philos. Register. Some of his other works 
are, "Memoir of Hugh Williamson, M.D., 
LL.D.," 1820; "Essays on Various Subjects 
of Medical Science," 3 vols., 1824-30; " Sys- 
tem of Practical Nosology," 8vo, 1829; "Me- 
moirs of Dc Witt Clinton," 4to, 1829; " Lec- 
tures on the Theory and Practice of Physic," 
Svo, 18,)8. — Gross's Med. liiof/. 

Hoskins, N-vthas, author and lawyer, b 
Weather-field, Vt., Apr. 27, 1795 ; d. Wiiliams- 
town, Ms., 21 Apr. 1869. Dartm. Coll. 1820. 
He taught at. St. Alban's in 1821-2; practised 
law at Vergcrmes, Vt., from 1823 to 1831, 
eiliting also the Vt. Aurora 3 years ; practised 
in Bennington 1831-59 ; and removed in 1859 
to Williamstown, Ms. He has jiub. " History 
of Vt.," 1831 ; "Notes on the West in 1833;" 
and " The Bennington Court Controversy, 
uud Strictures on Civil Liberty in the U.S. in 
1847-8." 



Hosmer, Harriet G., artist, b. Water 
town, Ms., Oct. 9, 1830. Being naturally of 
a delicate constitution, her father, a physician, 
encouraged her to pursue a course of physical 
training unusual to her sex. At an early age she 
began modelling in ciay. Having completed 
her school education, she took a regular course 
of anatomical instruction at the med. coll. of 
St. Louis. In the sumnierof 1851 she returned 
home, and commenced her bust of " Hes|)cr," 
which, on its completion in marble in 1852, 
attracted much attention in Boston ; and her 
father placed her under the instruction of Gil> 
son the sculptor in Rome. Her busts of 
" Daphne " and " Medusa" were followed by 
a statue of " .lEnone." For the public library 
of St. Louis she executed her best known 
work, " Beatrice Cenci." In the summer of 
1855 she model led acharming statueof " Puck," 
the popularity of which procured her orders 
for several co|)ies. Pecuniary reverses having 
overtaken her father, she has latterly relied on 
her art for support, and is now permanently 
established among the professional sculptors 
of Rome. Among her works are a full-length 
reclining figure of a young girl for a funeral 
monument in the Church of Saint Andrea della 
Fratii in Rome ; a fountain with figures illus- 
trating the myth of Hylas and the water- 
nymphs ; and a " Will o' the Wisp," designed 
as a pendant to " Puck." In the latter part of 
1859 she finished a statue of " Zcnobia in 
Chains," a work on which she had laboied 
cr;husiastieally two years, to the serious injury 
of her health. Her other works are a statue 
of Thomas H. Benton, cast in bronze, and 
fixed at Lafayette Park, St. Louis ; " The 
Sleejiing Faun ; " a fountain designed for 
Lady Alford ; a gateway for the entrance to an 
art gallery at Ashridge Ilall, Eng. ; and a de- 
sign for a 'Lincoln Monument," to be placed 
at \Va>liington. — £/«. Worn, u/tlie A;/e. 

Hosmer, Jean, actress, b. near Boston, 
Jan. 2'J, 1S42. Made her d^iut in ballet at 
Bufifsilo ; and as a star actress at the Chestnut- 
street, Phila., as Juliet, Dec. 23, 1858. Retired 
fioni the stage soon after, but returned May 
29, 1866, as Camille, at the Winter Garden, 
New York, and has performed successfully in 
theiirincipal cities. 

Hosmer, Stephen- Titus, LL.D. (Y.C. 
1823), jurist, b. Middletown, Ct., 1763; d. 
thercAug. 5, 1834. Y.C. 1782. Sonof Judge 
Titus. Began to practise law at Middletown 
ab. 1785; many years member of the Council 
of State ; and, after the adoption of the State 
constitution, chief justice from 1815 to 1833, — 
FteUCs Ceiiteimlal. 

Hosmer, Titus, scholar and statesman, 
b. Middletown, Ct., 1736; d. Aug. 4, 1780. 
Y.C. 1 757. He was a member of the Council ; 
of the Assembly 1773-8; speaker in 1777; of 
the Cont. Congress 1778-9; and in Jan., 1780, 
judge of the Maritime Court of AppCiils for 
the U.S. He was the patron of Joel Barlow, 
who wrote an elegant elegiac poem on his 
death, in>cribed to his widow. 

Hosmer, Wim.iam HENny Cuyleb, 
poet, b. Avon, N.Y., May 25, 1814. U. of Vt. 
1841. He studied law, and succeeded Hon. 
John Young as waster in cbuncery. From 



404 



HOtT 



I83G lo 1939 he studiml the Imllan rlianirlcr 
ill Wis. mill the fviTclailes of Klii. In 1(^54 
he riMiioveii to N.Y. City, where he h is helil 
an ulHof ill the cii-.:oiii-iiuii>e. Ills prii>i'i|ml 
pieco uro "The Kail ot ■r.iiiiii>eh. " ItsM); 
'• Voituhilinu. or llio WiirrioiM of the liiiie- 
(K-e," \!^*6 ; •• 'I'lie Moiiili^ ; " " Bird-Notes ; " 
" I^';:einl» of liie Sene.ii- ; "unil ' lii.liaii Tni- 
dilioiis iiihl Siin;;» " His " ConiiiUtc roeiical 
Works " ii|i|>eiired in lSi3 in 2 vols. — .4/7</r- 
tmi, 

Hotcbkiss, IU:v. .Iami:s ilAicvtr, h. 
(\Mim.i I, It., Kill. 23. 17SI ; il. 1'r.ittsliur.:, 
X Y., S.pi. Jl, lS.il. Wins. Coll l«l>0. Sta- 
lioiieil III l'ratt>hiir^ from It>09 lo 1830. 
Author of " lliiiorv of the Churches in West- 
ern N.V.." 8vo, 185'l. 

Houdon (oo'-tirin'), Jlas Asioine. a 
Fivn. h viilpior. h. Versaille-, Mar. 20, 17-»1 ; 
A I'aris. Julv 15, 1828. llnviiiK ciiined the 
tir-<t prize lur sculpture in the Koyal Acad, at 
Paris, he visited Italv ; passed 10 \ears at 
Rome in the study of the antiipie ; then re- 
turned to I'aris, nliere he attained the front 
rank of Kreiich sculptors, and was adin. to the 
acad. In 1785 he aceoinp. Kranklin lo the 
US lo prepiirc the luiidel of the statue of 
Wa~lMiij;toii ordered by the Slate of V«., which 
staiiils III the hall of the capitol of Va. at 
Kicliniond. chid in the uniform of a Kcvol. ol- 
ficcr. Accoriliii)^ to the testimony of Lafayette 
and other pei-sonal friends of Washin);ioii,it is 
ill many re>pects the hi'st rcprcscntaiion of 
him ever made. Ainoii;; his later works were 
busts 111 Na|>oleon and Josephine, and tlie cele- 
brated statue of Cicero in the I'alacc of the 
Liixi'inlnmr;;. 

Hough, KuASKLiN B., hist. writ'T, b. 
>lanin>lMii|,', N.Y., July 20, 1822. Un. Coll. 
1843; Cleveland Med. Coll. 1848. lie was 
several vears a teacher ; praciiseil ineilicine 
from 1848 to 1852 at Sonierviile, X.Y. ; and 
has ln-cii much en^a-ied in literary pursuits. 
He has pub " A Catalo;;uc of I'hin'ts in Lewis 
Co., X.Y.,' 1847; "Hist, of St. Lawreni-c 
and Kranklin Council's, N.Y.," 1853 ; " liist. 
of JitV.r^on County, X.Y.," 1854; " Uesiilts 
of a Series of Meteorol. Obs. 1826-5(1,'' 18.'>4 ; 
" X.Y. l"ivil List," 1861 ; " Uiary of the Sie-.-c 
of Delroil," I860; " Ceiisusof X.Y. 1855-7 ; " 
" Xorihcrn Invasion of Oct. 1780," 1866; 
" Hist, of I>;wis County, X.Y. ,"186i>; " Mun- 
sell's liuide lo the liud.son Kiver," 1859; 
"The I'oinpn-hensive Farm Hitoid," I860; 
"Un Militarv and Camp IIos|iiiuls," from the 
French of IJauden, 1862; " Hist, of Duryea's 
Bri;,'iide in 1862 ; " " I'apers relatinx to 'Nan- 
tucket, " 1856. He has partly written or e<lited 
qiiiie a lai;;e number ol books illusiraiinc the 
early hi-:., y ol N.Iv and N.Y. — lJ,„,rli„clc. 

Houshton, I)uL'ui.vii!>. M.I) . niilundisl, 
b. Troy, N.Y.. Si-pt. 21, 1809; d. Oct. 13, 
184.->. Hens. Insii'.. Tniy, 1829. Assist, prof, 
of eheiuisiry and iiat. hist, at liens. Inst, in 
18::0; was in 1831 licensed lo practise as a 
physician ; and app. surp-on and liotnnist lo 
the expcd. to explore the sourees of the Mpi. 
Kiver, and luadu a valuable n-jHirt uihui the 
botany ol the n^ion thron;.h which he llun 
iiii.ost-d. On his return, he pniciised niolieine 
in Detroit until 1837, when he was app Mate 



ceolo;;isl. In 1842 he was cicetoil mnyor of 
the city of Detroit ; was a prof, in the Siat« 
V. from its eonimeniemeni ; was also a ineiu- 
la-r of till! Nal. Institute, of the Boston Soc. 
of Nal. Hist., anil an hon. meinUr of ninnr 
literary and wieiiiilie associations. Dr. Hou^'li- 
Ion was drowiii'il near the iiiouih of Kn;:le 
Kiver on l^ake SupciinrdnriiiL' a violent snow- 
storm, while pi'o-i'< iiiiii;: tortile Gencnil (jovt. 
a survey of that r ;;iiiii. 

Hoiighton, (ikouoi: Fucderick, jurist 
and writer, b. (iuillord, Vt , 31 .Mav, 1820; d. 
St. Alban's, 22 Sept. 1870. V. of Vi. 1839. 
Adm. lo the bar in 1841 ; State sec 1848-9, 
and State ullv. for Franklin Co. 18.52-3. He 
founded llic Vt. Tiiinst-riiil in 1854 ; was after- 
ward coiiiieeled with the i'lninli JiMirnnl of 
X.Y.; contrib. hisi. and bio)j skelclies to 
various piiblieations ; and was a founder, and 
at one time pres., of the Vi. Hist. Socii-ty. 

Houston, (it:oni;K Smith, Deinoc.'puli- 
ticiaii, b. Williamson Co., Tcnn.. Jan. 17, 
1811. In his youiii his parents removed to 
Lauderdale Co., Ala. Adm to liic bar in 
1831, he praeti-id with jrrctit sniiess at Flor- 
ence ; ill 1822 he was elected lo the Ala. letjisl. ; 
in 18.36 was Stale any. for the Morence jndirial 
dist. ; .ind M.C. in' 1841-61, except during 
1S49— 51 ; chairman com. of ways and iiieana 
1851-5, and ot the judiciary com. 1857-8. 

Houston, John, lawyer and slatesinun ; d. 
Savannah, (ia, July 20', 17'J6. Son of Sir 
Patrick Houston. He was early disiiiiK. in the 
lievol. inovemenl ; was one of the 4 |iers<ins to 
call lliu first meeting' of the friends of liberty 
in Savannah in 1774; was a dele^iic to the 
Old Coiigre.-s ill 1775-7, ami on its lirsl naval 
com. ; and wouhl have si;:ned the Decl.ul Indep. 
hail he not lnvn called home to eounleraci the 
inUuenoeof Dr.Zubly iiiop|iosiiioii to it. Mem- 
ber of the Stale council in May, 1777; tov. 
of Cia. 1778-84; tirst jiidtc of' ihc Supreme 
Court of Ua. (app. 1792) ; and in 1787 coni- 
niis. for settling the lioundurv lietwccn (ia. and 
S.C. 

Houston, SAMikL, soldier and statesman, 
b. near l,exi"Klon. \a., 2 .Mar. 1793 ; d. Iluiit- 
ersvi Ic. Te.\., 25 July, 1863. His father, a 
lievol. soldier, d. a bripide insp. in 1807. Ilis 
mother, an inielli;;eiit and eiiervi'tic woman, 
then removed to Blount Co., Tenn., where 
Samuel was adoptol into ihc Cherokee tribe. 
He was clerk to a trader, and kept school a 
short lime ; .served with ilisiinction under Uen. 
Jarkson in the t'leck war In 181:1-14 ; was se- 
verely wounded atilie battle of Talla|Miosa; and 
was in Nov. 1817 app. a sub. agent to larry 
out a treaty with the Cherokees. |{u>i::niiig 
his com. of licnl. in the army, 1 .Mar. 1818, he 
studied law al Xashville ; held scleral ininor 
OlHces; was M.C. in 1823-7; pov. of Tenn. 
from 1827 to Anr. 1829; and then took up his 
resideiici' Willi tlie I'lierokivs in Ark., eiideav- 
oriu'.', niisui'cessfiilly, to piotecl tliciii from llie 
IVaiiils practiced upon them by guvi. a;:eitts. 
Klected lo the Const. Conv. during a vi«it to 
'lexiis in Apr. 1833, he exerted a powerful in- 
fluenec u|M>n its deliU'rations; and, whui its 
result was njeeiiMl b\ Saiiin Ana. Houston, in 
Oct. 1835, was Diade com.-in-chiol ul the Tex- 
an army, terminating (he war by the victorjr 



:b.ou 



455 



HO^V 



of Ran Jacinto (2 Apr. 1836), in wliith he w;is 
Sfvtrclv wuuiitltd. first pres. of tiic republic 
fium iz Oct. 18.36 to 18.38; raemlicr Texas 
Congresii 1838-»0 ; a^'uin prci. in 1841-+. 
Afar lii-^ favorite scheme of annexation to ihe 
U S had l>cen efftcle.1. he was U.S. seiiaior in 
1S46-59; yov. of Texas lS.-)9-Gl. In the 
U.S. senate he was tlie zealous advocate of 
justice anil hamanity to the Indians; oj)|K)scd 
the Kansas and Nebraska Bill in an elaborate 



speech (3 M.ir. 1854); and voted uiimu^i the 
legality of the L.;c.iuinton C"oast. He opposed 
th'a secession movement, and lon'^ icsijted tlie 
rlaniur lor an extra B---.sion of the le,;isl.. but 
finally retired from olEcc, in preference to lak- 
in •' the oath required by the State convention. 
— S-e Llf- of Uouilon, N Y. 12mo, 18.35. 

Houston, WiLLiASi CnLKCUii-L. states- 
man; d Trenton, X. J.. Auj;. 1788. X.J. 
Coll. 1703. Prof, of niaihcma-ics in that in- 
stitution. Delegate to the Old Congress 1779- 
82 and 1784-5. 

Hovey, Alvah.D.D. (B.U. 1856). clergy- 
man, b. Thettord, Vt, Mar. 5, 1820; Uartm. 
Coll. 1S44. He taught in the N. London aead. 
1 year ; completed his theol. lourse at Newton 
in' 1848; was pastor of the Baptist Church N. 
Glouci-ster. Me., 1 year. From 1850 to 185-3 
taught biblical literature in the Newioii Theol. 
Ins". ; became prof, of cccL history in 1 853, 
and of Christ, theol. in 1855. He has pub. a 
translation from the Germ m of Krtlie's -Life 
of Chrysostoin," in conjunction with Itev. 
1). B. F..rd, 1854 ; "The Lite and Times of 
Backu-',"I858; " The State of the Impenitent 
Dead," 1859; besides contributions to re- 

Ho7ey, Alvis p., lawver and soldier, b. 
M:. Venioii, Ind., 5 May. 1821. Adm. to the 
bar of ^V• ^'- '843, aiid bi.-eame a disting. 
practitioner. Entered the service as maj. 24th 
Ind. Vols. ; served under Gen. Pope in the army 
of the Mpi. ; became col. and disting. at Shiloh ; 
was made brig.-gen. vols. Apr. 28, 1862 ; took 
part in the opcraiions ajrainst Corinth; joined 
Gen. Grant in the Vick-burg campaign; com. 
briL-adc in Steele's division, and com. a division 
in .MiClernand's corps at Champion Hills; app. 
minister to Peru, May, 1866. 

Howard, Bes.hmix, I.. Va. ; d. St. Louis, 
Sept. 18, 1814. M. C. from Ky. l!<07-10; 
gov. of Upper La from Apr. 1810 to Nov. 
1812; app. brig.-gen. U.S.A. -Mar. 12, 1813, 
c.iin. 8th milit. dept., then embracin- all the 
territory from the interior of Ind. to the Mex- 
iian frontier. ,,t r. 

Howard, Bksjamis Chew. (LL. IJ. 
116J) I.. Md. X. .1. Coll. 1?09. Many years 
c' rk of the U.S. Supreme Ci.urt. Has pub. 
R |K)rts i.f that Court fr..m IS43 to 1860, in 24 
vos. -M C. 1829-33 anil 18.3.5-9; deleg. to 
IV.ice Con-.'. 1861. D. Baltimore Ket). 29, 1872. 
Howard. Fr.vxcis, Kirl of Kffingliam, 
U-ov. ol Va. 1684-9; d. Kng. .30 Mar. 1094. 
.Son of Sir Charles Howard, ami sueceeded to 
tlic earldom in 16S1. He "as instrnctcd not 
to suffer the n-e of a printing-press in the Col- 
ony His administration was cxce^5lvely ra- 
pacious and tyrannical ; and. during the early 
part of it, the' Colony suffered much from the 
deprcUations of the Indians, with whom he 



concluded a treaty at Albany, which was rati- 
fied in lf.^5. 

Howard, Jacob M., LLD (Wms. Coll. 
1865), U.S. senator from .Mieh. 1862-71, b. 
Shaftsbnry Vt.. 10 July, 1805 ; d. Detroit. 2 
Apr. 1871. Wins. Coli. 18:30. He taught iu 
an aead. in Ms.; removed to .Mich, in 1832 ; was 
adra. to the bar in 18-33 ; memlier of the letrisl. 
in 1838; M.C. 1841-3; atty.-Kcn. of Mich. 
185.1-61 . He drew up the platform of the first 
convention of the liepnbliean party in 1854, 
and is said to have given the party its name. 
In 1847 he tr.insl. from lb.: French the ' Secret 
Memoirs of the Empress Josephine." 

Howard, Jobs Eageb, soldier and states- 
man, li. Baliim-n-e Co-, Md., June 4. 1752 ; d. 
there Oct. 12. 1827. His grandfaiher Joshua 
came Irom the vicinity of Manchester. En-z-, 
in 1685. and obtained a grant of land in Bari- 
morc Co. Cornelius, his f.iiher, m. Enth Ea- 
Cf-r. John was capt. in Hall's regt., present 
at the battle of White Plains, and sened till 
his corps was ilism. in Dec. 1776. Maj. in 4lh 
rent-. Col. Hall, he joined the army in Apr. 
I7"77; dieting. Wmsclf at Gcrinantown, where 
he com. his regt., and displayed great loolncss 
and courau'C. He was present at the battle of 
Monmouth in 1 778 ; June 1 . 1 779, he was made 
lieut.-col. of the .'-th regt, taking rank flora Mar. 
11, 1778; detached with the Md. and Del. 
troops in Apr. 1780 to the south, he served un- 
der Gates in the disastrous battle of Camden. 
At the batie of the Cowpcns, Jan. 17, 1781, 
Howard com. the Continentals, and, by a suc- 
ecs-ful bayonet ch.iigc, decided the fortune of 
the day. 'At one time he had in his band* the 
swords of 7 officers of the 71st British regt. 
This was said to have liceii the first occa-ion 
in the war in which the bayonet was effectively 
used bv the Amcr. troops. For his valor in 
this action, Col. Howard received from Con- 
gress a silver medal In the battle of Guil- 
ford, Howard again exhibited the discipline of 
his re"t., and won additional laurels; and was 
also engaged at Hobkirk's Hill. At the l-atile 
of Euta'iv, he com. the 2d regt., and was severe- 
ly wounded. After the war, he m. Margaret, 
dan. of Chief Justice Chew ; was a member of 
the Cont. Congress 1787-8; was gov. of Md. 
in 1 789-92. He decl. the war secretaryship ten- 
dered bv Washington in 1795. .Member of the 
Md. senate 1795, and U.S. senator from 17 J6 
to 1803. In 1 793, in anticipation of a war with 
France, he was named by Washington one of 
his brigadier-generals. 

Howard, Oliver Otis, LL.D (Watery. 
Coil- 1865), brev- maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Leeds, 
Me., Xov. 8, 1830. Bowd. Coll. 1850. West 
Point, 1854. Entering the ordnance corps, he 
bcciime 1st lieut. and instructor of mathemat- 
ics at We.>t Point in 1857, and resigned 4 June, 
1861, to take .om. of the 3d Me. Vols. He 
com. a brig at the first battle of Bull Kun, and 
for trallantrv in that battle was made brig.-gen. 
of \'j1s. Sep't. 3, 1 861 . He lost bis right arm at 
the battle of Fair Oaks. June 1,1862. Afterthe 
battle of Antieiam, he took Gen. Sed.-wick's 
•livision in Sumner's 2d corps, and com. the 
11th corps during the operations of Gen. 
Hooker, in the vicinity of Fredericksburg, 
May 2, 1863, and at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 



HOW 



456 



HOW 



1861; innj.-^'cn. Nov. 29. I8G2; cnpn^'od «t 
Lookout Valley 29 < »rt. ; Mission. ll'\<\i;v 2.1-25 
Nov. ISi;.1; iflicfof Knoxville, Dec. I8G.1; 27 
July, I8G4, com. nriny of llio Teiin. ; in all the 
buttles of the Ga.c-amiuii^n.cndin); in the cnp- 
turcof Atlnnla, 2 .Sept. 18G4; com. the ri^'ht 
wins of Sherman's array in the march to the 
sea and the invasion of the Carolinas; brig.- 
con. U.S.A. Di'C. 21, 1864; hrev. muj.-gcn. 
Slar. 1.1. IS6.") ; eoinniis. of Frecdmen's Bu- 
rcnn sim-c 12 Miiv, ISfij. 

Howard, Simeon, I) D. (Edinb. J785), 
divine. Ii. lirid-eH-ater, May 10, I Til; d. Aii^'. 
13, 18(14. II. U. IT.'iS. lie was several years 
a lenelier ; became a preacher, and otlieiated ab. 
II year in Nova Seoiiii. Tiiior in II. U- in 
1766; p:isior ol the West Church, Uo-ton, 
from May 6, 1767. to his death. lie was an 
earnest promoter of the Uevol., and was liber- 
al anl lolemnt in his relij/ioiis views. Mem- 
ber of the Amer. Aead. of Ans anil Sciences, 
of the Sue. (or propa^-atint; the Gospel ; vicc- 
pres. of the Humane Society. lie pub. some 
sernmiK. 

Howe, ALUio«f PAnis, brev. maj.-ijcn. 
U.S.A., b. StanUish, Me., Mar. 1.1, 1818 
West I'oiiit, 1841. Kiiicrin;; the 4th Art., he 
was from 194.1 to 1846 instr in math at 
Wi-st Point. Served with eiedit in the Mexi- 
can war; was brev. capt. lor Contreras and 
Churiibtisco; iH'camc capt. 2 Mar. IS.'i.'i; was 
Gen. McClellan's chief of art. in Western Va., 
and com. a lij;ht art. brigade in the Army of 
the Potomac diiiiiij; the Peninsular campaiin ; 
bri(;.-;.'in. of vo's. II June, 1862, and assij^'iied 
ton brl;;aile in Conch's division 4ihariny corps ; 
mnj. 4th An. Au;;. 11, l.''6.1. He was in the 
battles of Manassas, South Monntain, Antic- 
tarn, Fredericksbnrg, GetIy^bMr;:, and in the 
Iiapidan campaign ; at Hnppahannoek station 
7 Nov . and Mine Run Nov.-I)e<-. 1861; com. 
Art. Depot. Washin-ton, D C, 1S64-G ; brev. 
m;ij -^'cn. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1805, for merit, ser- 
viee^ ill the UelH-llion. — Vitltum. 

Howe, Kma9, Jnn., inventor of thescwing- 
maehlMe, b. Spencer, Ms, 9 July, 1819; d. 
Brooklyn, L. I., Oct. 3, 1867. He' worked on 
his father's farm and mill till 1835, when he 
went to Lowell, and was employed in n manuf 
of eotlon machinery, and afterward worked in 
a machine-shop in Boston. Here be wrought 
out Ills invention, and with the pecuniary aid 
of Geo. Kisher. an old school-fellow, completed 
ander creai difficulties his first machine in 
May, 1845, and patented it Sept. 10, 1846. 
Failing to secure public notice or support, ho 
foro lime obiained employment as engineer on 
a niilroarl, uniil he broke' down completely in 
health. After spending two years in F.iig. in 
fruitless eflori. and suffering absolulc jienury, 
he returned home deslituie. During his ab- 
penie, hi* maelrne had iK'cn imilaicti, and in- 
trodncid tliroii.;li the country, regardless of 
his p;Ment Howe now found friends who en- 
nb eil him lo establish liisri<:liis. Alter much 
liliiration, he in I8.'i4 established his prior 
claim lo the invention. At the lime of the 
cxpiiaiionof his patent. Sept. 10, 1867, he hnd 
realized ab. 82.000.001). He received also 
tliegohl medal of the Paris Kxposition, and the 
Cross of the Legion of Honor During the 



civil war he contrib largely in money to sup- 
port the Union cause, and did dniv as a private 
in the 17th Ct. Vuls. until his he'alih I'niled. 

Howe, Georue AloisTrs, Ixjrd Vis. 
count, b. 1724; killed ne;ir 'I'ii-onderoga. July 
6, 1758. Klilest son of tlie second Ixjrd Howe, 
he succeeded him in 171.">. Karly in 1757, lic- 
ing col. of the OOtli. or Roy. Aineiicans, lie wm 
onlereil to Amer. Sepi. 28, 1757, he was app. 
col. 55lli Fool, and, I )e<-. 29, brig.-gcn. in Amer. 
July 6, 1758, he landed with the army under 
AlxTcrombie at the outb-l of Lake Geoi^ge, and 
marched towards 'rieondero;;a. Coming sud- 
denly iipiin n party of I'ltiichmen, a skirmish 
ensued, in which he fi II. " In him," says 
Manic, " the soul of the army sieined to cx- 

1<ire." Mussaeliuseits erected a monnineDt to 
lis m>niory in Westminster Abliev. 

Howe, Hexry, b. N. H iveni Cl., 1816. 
Son of tjen. llezekiuh, bookseller of NIL, 
1775-1838. Aniborof '" Memoirs of Kmihcnt 
Mechanics." 1839 ; Hist. Collections of Va., 
1854; of Ohio, 1847; -The Great West," 
1851 ; " Celebrated Travellers." 1853 ; and, in 
conjunction with .J. W. Biirber, Hi-.i. Colls, 
of N.V. 1841, and N. J. 1844. — .-l/Wxw/e. 

Howe, JosEi'll, sec. of the Dom. of Can- 
ada, b. Ilalif.ix, 1804. John, his father, a 
native of Boston, was assoc. with .Mrs. Draper 
in the pub of the Boston S-irs Lrtler in 1775- 
6; went wiih the British troops tu Halilax ; 
was printer lo ihe ;.ovi. ; also fiosimasier-gen., 
and d. 1820. Jose|ih served an apprenticeship 
as a iirintcr, assisting iK'casionally his eldest 
bro. John, who hail succeeded his (allier as 
postmaster-gen. In 1827 he purchaseil, con- 
joinily with Mr. Spike, the lfV'/./j/ Chronicle 
newspaper, which was continued uinlerihc title 
of the A'tidiaii ; and in Jan. 1828 lieeainc sole 
editor nnil proprietor of the A'oiii-.SirXion. In 
1835 he was tried for IIIh-I against the local 
govt, of Ilnlif.ix. bnl va<> ae(|uitieil. In 1 840 
he became a member of the provincial cabinet ; 
and soon afterwani the old sysiein which ho 
had attacked and expo-ed was abolished, and 
Halifax reeeivcil a municipal charter. He «tts 
a member of the provincial parliament many 
years; has frequenily l)een colonial agent in 
Gieat Britain ; and was a meinlier of ilic Co- 
lonial (iovt. many years, until 1854, when ho 
relinquished his ofliec of prov. .si'c. lo su|>cr- 
intend the consiruetion of the first railroad in 
N.S. He opposed the absorption of N.S. into 
the Dominion of Can.ida until certain guaran- 
ties were securol ; and in 1869 took the post 
of sec. of stale in the Dom. Govt. — .S<« his 
.S,w/if.< nnil Piibl.r /filers, 3 vols. 1858. 

Howe, Jli.iA Ward, poetess and nforin- 
cr, b N Y. .\I ly 27. 1819. She was c:ireliil!y 
oliicaii d liy her father, Samuel Ward, an i, 
at an larly age, wrote plays and jKicins, some 
of the latter of which were pub. In 1843 she 
married Dr. S. (>. Howe accompanying liiin 
u|ion an extended tour in Euro|ii', which she 
visited aL'ain in 18.">0. After her return, she 
pii'i. in 1854 a small vol. of |Miems, called 
" Passion Flowers ; " two years later a second 
vol., " Words for the Hour." She brought out 
a play called " The World's (Jwn " in the 
winter of 1855-6; " Ilippolytus," a tragedy, 
pub, in 1858. During the 'winter of 1858^9 



h:o"w 



457 



she nccomp. her hasbanil on a trip to Cuba, of 
which slic has pub "an account. She haj* writ- 
ten many admirable social and philosophic 
p:tpers. amonK ihcin " Polarity," " Limitation," 
" The Fact Accomplished," " The Idea and 
Name of God," " The Ideal Church," and 
" The Ideal State." Her " Later Lyrics " ap- 
peared in 1866 ; " From the Oak to the Olive," 
the story of a trip from London lo Athens, was 
pub. in 1868. Her splendid "Battle Hymn 
of the Republic," set to the ringinsr tramp of 
the John Brown son<r, was an effective war- 
sonjj. She is at present actively en^'aged with 
both pen and ton^-ue in forwardini; the wo- 
man's-rights movement. — Em. Worn, of the 
Age. 

Howe, Nathaniel, minister of Hopkin- 
ton, .Ms., from Oct. •'i, 1791, to his d., Feh. 1.5, 
18.-37, h. Ipswich, Ms., Oct. 6, 1764. II.U. 
1786. He studied one year under Dr. Wither- 
spoon of N.J. ("nil., and completed his iheol. 
education with Dr. Emmons, of who.se Calvin- 
istic theolosry he became a zealous expounder. 
He pub. a Centurv Sermon, delivered 24 Dec. 
1815; " Desi^rn of John's Baptism," 1819; 
" Keply to Dr. IJaldwin," 1820 ; a " Catechism 
with Questions and Proverbs." 18i4. His 
talents were of a high order. The 4th edition 
of his Century Sermon, with a Memoir by 
Rev Elias Nason, was pub. 18.51. 

Howe, Richard, Earl, a British adm., b. 
19 Mar. 1725; d. 5 Aug. 1799. Third son 
of the second viscount; educated at Westmin- 
ster and Eton ; was a midshipm. in Anson's 
fleet in 1 739 ; and was made post-capt. for 
gallantry in 1745. M.P. from Dartmouth in 
1757; succeeded to the family titles and estates 
on the death ol his bro. in Amer. in 1 7.58. He 
displayed extraordinary courage and coolness 
on manv occasions; was made treas. of the 
navy in 1765; and rear. adm. of the Blue, 18 
Oct. 1770. Sent in com. of a fleet to Amcr. 
in 1776, his judicious co-operation was of great 
service to the army. As joint commiss. with 
his bro. Sir William, he made several attempts 
to secure a peaceful adjustment of the strife 
between the Colonies and the mother-country, 
and expressed sorrow at his want of success. In 
Aug. 1778 he had an indecisive action with a 
superior French fleet under D'Estaing off the 
coast of R.I., both fleets being much shattered 
by a severe storm. On his return home in 
1782 he was made adm. of the Blue, and 
created a viscount. In Sept. 1782 he suc- 
ceeded in relieving Gibraltar, for which he was 
tlianked by both houses of parliament ; made 
adm. of the White 24 Sept. 1787 ; and raised 
to an carlilom 19 Aug. 1788. June 1, 1794, 
H )we ohfciined a complete victory over the 
Fren;h fleet, for which he was rewarded with 
a medal, the order of the garter, and the post 
of adm. of the fleet, which he resigned in Apr. 
1797. His last service was to prevail on the 
mutineers at Spithead to return to their duty. 
A severe criticism, probably by Lord George 
Gertnaine, on his naval conduct of the Amer. 
war, was pub. in 1779. He replied, with a 
" Narrative of the Transactions of the Fleet 
in 1779" A monument was erected to his 
memory in St. Paul's Cathedral — See Memoir 
by Barrow, 8vo, Lond. 1838. 



Howe, Robert, m.ij.-gen., b. Eng. ; d. a) 
the residence of Gen. Clark, near Wilmington, 
N.C., inJan. 1787. Was in the English ser- 
vice before the war. In 1775 he was pro- 
claimed against by Gov. Martin as '• Robert 
Howes, iiUas Howe." Among the earliest and 
most uncompromising of the patriots of N.C. ; 
m'mber of the legisl. 1773 ; metiiher of the 
com. of safetv for the countv of Brunswick ; 
and col. of the 2d N. C. regtl of militia. He, 
together with Cornelius Harnett, was excepted 
from pardon by Sir H. Clinton in 1776. App. 
col. of the first N. C. regt., he marched into 
Va. soon after the affair at Great Bridge, and 
joined Col. Wooilfonl at Norfolk, in opposi- 
tion to Lord Dunmore. For his activity dur- 
ing this campaign. Congress (Feb. 29, 1776), 
app. him brig-gen. in the Cont. army, and 
ordered him to Va. In the spring of 1776 
his plantation near old Brunswick vill.ige was 
ravaged by Lord Cornwallis. He was made 
maj.-gen. Oct. 20, 1777; and in the following 
sntnmer com. an unsuccessful exped. against 
Floriiia. Gen. Howe stationed himself with 
600 regulars, and a small body of militia, for 
tlic defence of Savannah, menaced by Gen. 
Prevost. Here he was surprised in the night, 
and defeated by the British umler Lieut.-Col. 
Campbell. Honorably acquitted by a court- 
martial, his conduct was severely criticised by 
Cliristopher Gadsden, and a duel was the con- 
sequence : neither party, however, was injured. 
Howe afterwards joined Washington oti the 
Huilson; and early in 1781 com. the troops 
sent to quell the mntiny in the Pa. and N. J. 
regts., and for his judicious performance of the 
duly was thanked by the com. -in-chief. In 
June, 1783, he was ordered on a sitnilar duty 
to Phila. In .May, 1785. he was app. by Con- 
gress to treat with the Western Indians. He 
was well versed in tactics, a rigid disciplina- 
rian, a good engineer, and a man of cultivated 
mind. 

Howe, Samcel Gridlet, M.D., physician 
and philanthropist; b. Boston, Nov. lo' 1801. 
Brown U. 1821 . He studied medicine in Boston, 
and served as a surgeon in the Greek war for in- 
dependence in 1824-7. Alter organizing a regu- 
lar surgical service, at the head of which he 
was placeil, he returned to America to jirocure 
help tor thcGreeks, who were threatened with 
famine. He established a colony on the Isth- 
mns of Corinth ; but took the swamp-fever in 
one of his journeys, and was obliged to leave 
the country in the spring of 18-30. He visited 
Switzerland ; was in Paris durini; the revol. 
of July ; and in the summer of 1831 returned 
to the U.S. In the following autumn he 
became interested in the project of establishing 
an institution for the blind in Boston. He ac- 
cepted the cliargc ; visited Europe to acquire 
the necessary information, and engage teach- 
ers ; and the institution, put in operation in 
1832, has since been under his control. While 
in Paris, he was made president of the Polish 
committee, and undertook lo carry and dis[rif>- 
ute funds for the relief of the Polish army in 
Prussia, but was arrested, and imprisoned for 
aliout 6 weeks, by the Prussian Govt. He was 
for many years prominent in the antislavery 
party in Ms. Author of an " Historical Sketch 



458 



HO-W 



of the Hiwk T!.-vol.," 1828. U.S. coinmiuiiincr 
lo Sun 1 iri.-o 1871. 

Howe, Siu William, viscouni. a British 
Kj-ii.. Ii. 10 .Vu,'. 17J9; <l. 12 July. 18U. 
Yuun;,'iT liro.of iho Htlin ; nnil. by illi':.'iiiinnte 
doM-nii, an uncle of Kini; Gf<ir:;c 111. He 
sliKliuil some lime ill Kmn ; lieniine n cornet 
of ilrH;.'0<>r,!i; unci ili^tin^;. Iiiniscll imriicuinrly 
uniler Wolf.- nt Qiichei-. Col.4tli Fool 1764'; 
miij -(.'cn. 1772. Arrivfil in It'iAton in Miiy, 
I'T.'k; anil coin, hi the liiittleof liunker's lliil, 
June 17. On the ilcpiirture of (irn. Gaj.'C, 
he Ih'cumic com in-i-hicf of ihe British forces 
in Aniericii. Korccil to eviicuaie lioiton in 
March, 1776. he proceedcil to llulifns. and in 
Au;.'. Iiin.lcd at Siaten Island, lie defcatcil 
Ihe Americans. :>7 .\nir , at Lon;; Island ; kmiIc 
poHsosion of X. V. City, Sept. 15; Oct. 2S, 
defeiiled Wa.shinL'lon n't White I'iains; and, 
Nov. 16, captured Kort Washington, with its 
(fariison (if over 2(>IKI men ; in July, 1777, ho 
sailed to ChcHaprake Hay ; defeated Wa.shin;:- 
ton at the Hrandywiiie, Si-pi. 11 ; and entered 
Phila. Sept. 26. He repulseil the atiack of 
Washiii^rtoii at (ier:iianto\vn 4 Oct., and spent 
the reiniiinder of his slay in I'liilii. in iniloleuce 
anil pleasure. Sujicrsedeil by Sir II. Clinton 
early in 1778, a nf'""' entertainment, called 
the mixriiifinzit, was j;iveii in his honor hy the 
offleers, IH .May, 1778; soon after which lio 
returned home. On the investiiration of his 
conilurt hy parliament in 1779, the opinion of 
Gen. Gn-y, l.rf)rd Cornwallis, and other mili- 
tary men, was, that he had done all that could 
be expecieil.considerin;; the iiisiittieiency of his 
force. Made lieuL-ycn. of ordnance in 1782; 
in 1786 col 19th nra;.'Oons, and full (ren. ; i;ov. 
of Berwick in 1795 ; and in 1799. on the death 
of his bro., succeeded to the Irish visciinnty. 
At the time of his death he was a privy coun- 
cillor, and tov. of I'lymouth. Howe had 
neither siillicieiit ex|K-riciice nor abiliiy lor the 
im|>orIaiit i-inn. assi).'ni-il him in America. He 
was, with his bro. the admiral, a commiss. 
to settle the ditti'-ulties with the Americans. 
He pub. a n:irnitive of his operations in N. 
Ain.ri. a in 1779-80. 

Howell, David, LLO. (B. U. 179.3), ju- 
rist, b. N. ./.. Jan. 1, 1747; d. July 29,J824. 
N. J. Coll. 1 766. Removini; to K l!, he was in 
1769 app. pnif. of nat. philos. nndmath. ; and 
wiLs from 17UH to 18-24 prof, of law- in Brown 
U. He establi,heil himself in the practice of 
the law at I'mviileiice, and rose to eminenco 
in the profession ; was lor some time atty.-pcn. 
of the Slate, and jiid(tc of the Supreme Court ; 
member Com Coiicivss 1 782-5 ; and after the 
rc-or;.'anii'.ation of Ihe (ien. Govt, he was app. 
a commiss. for settlini; the eastern boundary 
of Ihe L'. S : subsequently disi. atty. ; and 
from 1812 to his d. dist. jiidire lor li. I. Ho 
was a man of i;reat w-il, leariiini:, and elo- 
quence; a disiiiiu'. cla.ssical scholar, and a 
puiiLi-nt anil itb-ctive |)oliticnl wriier. His 
win Jkrkuiaii Bkown Howki.l, U.S. sen- 
ator iTtim K.I. 1811-17, U. U. 1789, d. 1822, 
«. 50. 

Howell, V^LiZAHKTii (Lt/iri>). widow of 
l<.>l»'ii Howell of I'hila.. nuiive and n.-sidi'nt 
ol I'hila. Author of " Milioii's I'rayer of Pa- 
tience; " also contrib. several |ioeiii> to the 



" Wheat .Sh.-af," n collection of proac and po©. 
trv, I'hila. 'l »y>. — AllilMie. 

Howell, John C.capt. USX., b. Pa. June 
9,1819. .Midsbipiii June 9, 18.-16; lieut. Aiiu. 

2, 1849; coinmaiiil. July 16, 1862; capt. Juli 
25, 1866. Served in "T>)e Minnesota," X. Ati 
block, squad., 1861 ; in the battle of Hulteriis 
Inlet ; com. steamer " Tahanio." K. Gull blo<'k 
squad,, 1862—') ; steamer ' Nereus," X. All. 
block, sqiind., 1864-5; in the two actions at Fort 
Kisher, bee. 1864 and Jan. 18G5; Hect-capl, 
K(in>|H-an sipiail. 18'J9-7I. — /lumrrsli/. 

Howell, JuSKi'ii, pavm.-geii. Kcvol, army ; 
d. I'hila Au;r. 1798. a. 48. 

Howell, Josh I A B.. brlc.-iren. vols., b. Pa. 
1799; kil.ed 14 Sept. 1864 near Petersburg, 
Va . by In-ill^ iliro»n from his horse. Col. 
85ih I'a Vols.; woundid in several battles; 
an I bad recently lui'ii made bri^-.yen. 

Howell, KlcliAMIt, slatesinan ami soldier, 
b. Del. 1734 ; d Trenlon, X. J., Apr. 28, 1802. 
He practised law ; com. a company of ;:rena- 
dier,s Infure the war ; was in 1 775 app. capl. 2d 
N J. re<;t. ; distinir. himself at Quebec ; pro- 
moted to maj 1776; and com. his re);t. until 
1 779. App. juil^'e-advoi-ale of the army in Sept. 
1782, but dei'lineil. Kesumiiit; practice, he was 
clerk of the Supreme I'oiirt from 1778 to June 

3. 179.'1; andpiv. fnmi 1794 to Oct. 1801. His 
bro. Kkdnat Howell, p<k-i, b. X. J., taiiKhl 
school on Deep Kiver, N C. ; composed many 
uairiotic soii;;s. Author of a pamphlet pub. in 
Boston 1771, eniiileil "A tan for Fanning, 
ami a Touch for 'rryon." 

Howell, lioiiKKT Bott6 Crawford, 
D.D., Baptist cleri;vmun, and author, b. 
Wavne Co., X.C, Mar. in, 1801; d. Nashville, 
Ten'n., Aprils. 1868. Col. Coll., D.C.. 18-26. 
Pastor of the Cumberhind-«l. ('Iiurch, Norfolk, 
Va., from Jan. 27, 1827, lo 18a.'>; of the First 
B.ipt. Chun-h, Xashville, Irom 18.15 to 18.">0; 
of the '2d Bapi. Church. Kicbnioiid. Va., Irom 
185U to 1857 ; and Irom this time till hi- deii:h 
was a;;ain pastor of the cliiinh at Xashville. 
Both in Richmond aiil Xitsliville he was prini- 
iiieni in e<lucational institutions. l)r Howell 
pub. " The Kvils ol Inlniit Baptism." •' The 
Cross," "The Covenant," "The Early Ba|>- 
tisLs of Va.," " ('omniunion," " The Deacon- 
ship," "The Way of Salvation, " &c. He left 
unpiib. " A .Memorial of the First Bapl. Chun-h 
of Xashville from I8'iii to 186.1," and an elab- 
oraii- work on " The Family." 

Howells, William Dlan, author, b. Mar- 
tinsville, Belmont Co., O., Mar. 1, 18:)7. Of 
his father, a printer and publisher, he learned 
the business at Hamilton, O. ; whither his par- 
ents inoveil in 1840. He has iH-en edilorially 
connected with the Cinciiinali f.'.'rw/r, and Ohio 
Hiiiir .If'iniiil : and sinre July, 187U, hiu editwl 
the Ailiiniir Mimllil): umi has contrib. to the 
latter, to the .V"''A-.4i<«iTir(in Hrririr, Tlir .No- 
don. pHlnilm'a Mniinzinr, Soliirtltl'l I'rtss. ic. 
He pub. with Mr. J. J. Piatt, in I860, a volume 
of verse. S(>wimens of his poetry an- in Cogues- 
halls "Poets ami I'oi-lrv of the We-si." Au- 
tliiir of " Suburlian Sketches;" "Venetian 
Lile; " " No Love Iawi," a poem, 1868; and 
" lliiliiui ■Iiiunievs," 

Howison. lioBKRT K., b. Fredericksburif, 
Va., 1820. Practised law since 1845. Authul 



459 



HUB 



of" Hist, of Va. to 1847," 2 vols. 8vo, 184G-8; 
Lives of (ions. Moi-;.Mn, Marion, ami (iates, 
pub. in 1847 in R. \V. Griswolil's "Generals 
of the Amur. Hevol. ; " " Crini. Trials," Ricli- 
monil, 8vu, \8:>\.—A/liboni: 

Howland, Joa.s, b.^ Newport, R.I., 31 Get. 
1757: d. providence, R.I., 5 Nov. 1854. Ue- 
seciided from Joiiv, a Pilgrim of 162U, an as- 
Bi^t. and a leading; man of the Plyni. Colony, 
who m. Elizal)., dan. of Gov. Carver, and il. 
Kin;,'ston, -M-., -22 Feb. 1672, a. 80. John re- 
moved to Providence in 1770; served 1.3 mos. 
in ilie Revol. army; was 21 years pres. of the 
1{. I. Hist. Soc., and skilled in the history and 
antiquities of Plym. Colony. Author of seve- 
ral addresses, orations, and hist, papers. — Ji'ee 
Life lj;l I!ei: E. M. :Slone, 1856. 

Howland, William Pe.vkce, minister of 
inland rev. for the Uom. of Canada, b. N. V. 
29 May, 1811. Removed to Canada at an 
early age, and became a leading merchant. 
M. C. P. for the \Ve>t Riding of York since 
1858; member exec, council and min.of tinunce 
May, 1862-May, 186.!, and again from Oct. 
I860; recoivergen. May, 1863-.March, 1804 ; 
and posiiiiastergen. from Nov. 1864 to Oct. 
1866. Delegate to Eng. upon the union of the 
Provinces in 1866; and a liberal in politics. — 
Met ,,/llu- Time. 

Hows, Jous W. S., prof of oratory iti Col. 
Coll. since 1843, b. London, Eng., 1797. Au- 
thor of " Shakspearian Reader," 1846; "Prac- 
tical Elocutionist," 1849; "Golden Leaves 
from the Anier. and Brit. Poets," 2 vols. 1864- 
5; "Go den Leaves from the Dramatic Poets." 
He edited the "Modern Standard Drama;" 
and was 7 years dramat. critic of the N. Y. Al- 
bio„. — Alllho.ie. 

Hoyt, Uii.NJAMiN Thom.\s, educator, b. 
Boston, 18 Oct. 18-'i); d. Greencasile, Ind., 24 
May, 18C7. W'esl. U 1S46. Son of the Rev. 
Bcnj. Ray and [.■nciinla { Freeman) Hoyt. Prin- 
cipal of the high schools of Middleiown, Ct., 
and Chelsea, Ms., successively, from 1846 to 
1852 ; pres. of the Institute of Lawrenceburg, 
and of the coll. for young women in Indianap- 
olis, Ind.. from 1852 to 1853; prof of Latin 
from 1858 to 1863; and from 1S63 to his d. 
was prof of belles-lettres and hist, in the Ind. 
Asbury U. As editor of the ■Slate ^Scliuol Jour- 
nal, pres. of the State Teai hers' Assoc, and as 
supt. of schools, he rendered great service to 
the cause of education in Ind. ills bro. Al- 
bert H.\KRisos cd. N. E. Hist, and Geneal. 
By., Boston ; b. 6 Dec. 1826 Wesl. U. 1850. 
Adm. to the bar 13.">5; city solic Portsmouth, 
N. H., 1857-8; and pres. com. council 1858; 
practised law in P.; and was a payin. in the 
civil war, rank of major, and brev. lieut.-col. 

Hoyt, Gen. Epapiikas, hist, and antiq. 
writer, b. Ueerfield, Ms., Dec. 31, 1765; d. 
there Feb. 8, 1850. He devoted himself to 
perfecting the vol. militia system of the country. 
He pub. "Military Instructions;" "Cavalry 
Discipline," 1797 ; " Treatise on the Military 
Art," 1793; and "Antiquarian Researches,' 
1824: besides which he left completed, with 
maps, for publication, a work to be entitled 
" Burgoyne's Campaigns;" and had partly 
fini-hod a history of the French and Imlian 
wars. He held many civil as well as military 



offices, among the latter that of raaj.-gen. in the 
Ms. militia; and received an app. in the army 
under Gen. Washington, but declined. 

Hoyt, JosKPii Gibson-, LL.l). (Dartm. 
Coll. 1859), b. Dunbarton, N.H., 19 Jan. 1815; 
d. St. Louis, Mo., 26 Nov. 1862. Y.C. 1840. 
Instr. in math, and nat. philos. in Phillips 
Acad., Exeter, N.U., in 1841, and continued a 
member of the faculty of that institution for 18 
years ; chancellor and prof of Greek in Wash. 
U., St. Louis, from 1859 to bis d. In 1845-6 
he revised and enlarged Colton's Greek Reader. 
A vol. of his Miscellaneous Writings, Ad- 
dresses, Lectures, and Reviews, was pub. Bos- 
ton, 186.3. A commem. discourse by Prof S. 
Waterhouse, del. in St. Louis 20 Jan. 1863, 
has also been pub. 

Hubbard, Henry, judge and Demoe. poli- 
tician, b. Cliarlestown, N.H., May 3, 1784; d. 
there June 5, 1857. Dartm. Coll. 180.". He 
studied law and commenced practice in Charles- 
town ; he was 1 1 years a member of the State 
legisl., and for some years speaker of the house; 
was judge of probate for Sullivan Co. 1827-9; 
M.C. 1829-35. and speaker for a short time 
during the 2.3d Cong.; U.S. senator in 1835- 
41; gov. of N.H. in 1842-3; and in 1846-9 
U.S. assist, treas. in Boston. 

Hubbard, Joh.v, educator, b. Townsend, 
Ms., Aug. 8, 1759; d. Hanover, N.H., Aug. 
14, 1810. Dartm. Coll. 1785. He studied 
theology; became the preceptor of the New 
Ipswich and Deerfield Academies; was judge 
of probate for Cheshire Co. 1798-1802; and 
was prof math, and nat. pliilos. at Damn. 
Coll. 1804-10, He pub. an Oration, July 4, 
1799; " Rudi(nents of Geographv," 1803; 
" Am. Reader," 1808; " Essav on Music. " 

Hubbard, John, M.D. ("U. of I'a. 1822), 
LL.U. (Wat. Coll. 1851), gov. of .Me. 1850-3, 
b. Kcaillicld, .Me., Mar. 22, 1794; d. Uallowell, 
Me., Feb. 6, 1809. Dartm. Coll. 1816. He 
was a Democrat, ami was a hearty supporter 
of the liquor prohiMtion act known as " The 
Maine Law." He taught at Hallowell Acad., 
Me., 2 years, and in Dinwiddie Co., Va., 2 
years; practised medicine in Dinwiddie Co., 
Va., in 1822-9 ; removed to Hallowell in 183G ■ 
State senator in 1842-3; agent for the U.S 
treas. for the N. E. States 1857-9; and ic 
1S59-6I a commissioner under the Reciprocity 
Treity with Great Britain. 

Hiibbard, Jona thas Hatch, many years 
judge of the Sup. Court of Vt., b. 17'68; d. 
Windsor, Vt., Sept. 20, 1849. M.C. 1809-11. 

Hubbard, Joseph Stillsian, astronomer, 
b. N. Haven, 7 Sept. 1823; d. there Aug. 16, 
1803. Y.C. 1843. He was in 1844 an assist, 
in the High School Observatory ; and was in 
1845 app. prof of math, at the Naval Observa- 
tory at Washington, a post he filled until his 
death. 'I'he volumes of Washington "Observa- 
tions "exhibit his great skill as an observer and 
a compnter. He made valuable contributions 
to Goulil's Astion. Journal, among them papers 
on Biela's Comet and on the Orbit of Egcria. 
The article " Telescope," in "The New Amer. 
Cvcloiixdia," was from his pen. — 1'. U. Ob. 
Jilr„r<l. 

Hubbard, R W., landscape-painter, b. 
Middletowu, Ct., 1816. He kept school until 



460 



trCTD 



IMS; cnieri'd the studio of Prof. Morse in 
1^18. Hnd wiu in Kun>|>c In l!>40-l ; h;M 
pHinti-d. muoiii; oibcr mork*. " AfumtHin in 
Aiiiunin," ■' View on L»kc ("h.uiiLilain," 
" Mun>rivld Mountain >t Sundown, ' and 
" MiiiwiTv n.iv, Lake Cii«r^-." Ili< yk-nt 
lire rvinHrkiilile for Imrmoiiy of tone, »iin|ilicitr 
of aim, dt-'votiou to tiniili. and a quit-t but sen- 
uuM fit.-lin^. Ljike Gfor^^;, I.,akc Dunmorc, 
and the ("t. River, have been his favorite stud- 
ies — nirl, ,m,IH. 

Hubbard, Samull, LL.D. (U.U. 1842), 
jiiri,i. I.. Uu~tun, June 2, 17S5; d. ihe'e Ut-c. 
■Jt. IS47. Y.<'. 1SU2. lie aludied Ihw, iind 
)l^acti^cd ut Uidilefonl, Me., from I8(.>6 to ISIO, 
when he conntcted liimscif in busine.vs at Bos- 
tun with Jud;:e Jackson, his former ic^al tutor. 
His talents and chanteter won for him a com- 
manding position at the bar. lie was well 
ncTjiniiiiiti with mercantile l:iw. Judj.'e of the 
Suit, nil- Court of .Ms. 1842-7. 

Hubbard, 8.\mi'kl Dickinson. LL-D. 
(Wol L'. l-'54), po»tma--ter-i;en. 1852-3, b. 
Middletown. Ct., Am;. 10, 1799; d. there Oct. 
8, 1S55. Y C. 1819. Ue studie.1 law, but, 
having a lar;:e pro|>erty from his father, diil 
not enyaav in practice, devotini; himself chiefly 
to the luanufac. business. He was a Whi;;; 
M.C. in 1845-9. A contrib. to the various 
benevolent enterprises of the day. Ho was 
many years prcs. of the Middletown Bible So- 
cietv, and took a livelv interest in public 
schiH.ls. 

Hubbard, William, clergyman and his- 
torian. 1). Kiiu'. 1621 ; d. Ipswich. Sept. 14, 
1704 H.U.1642. SonofWm. of Ipswich and 
lluston, who cauie from I>ond. in l6.'J.i, d. 1670. 
lie was set I led at I^iswich 10 Nov. 1658, where 
he »as visited in IC86 by John Dunton, who 
trivcs a ;.'ood account of his hospitality, amia- 
bility, and acipiircments. He pub. " The I'rvs- 
ent State of New Eufrland," bein;; a narrative 
of the troubles with ilie Indians from 1C07 to 
1677, to which is added a discourse ab. the war 
with the IVquots, 4to, 1677; "Memoirs of 
Maj.-Uen. Denison," 1084 ; and a nurolier of 
M-rmons. lie wrvtc a Hist, of X. Knf., for 
which the 8:ato paid him £50, and which was 
used by Mather, iiutchinsoii, and other writers. 
The .Ms. Hist. S»e. printed it in 1815: si^cond 
cd,, by W. r. Harris. 1848. In 1688 he was 
tem|M>rarv nvior or pres. of H.U. His son 
N.4TIHMKL »asa judVeof the Superior Court. 

Hudson, CiiAKLKS, |>olitician and hisL 
writer, b. MartlMiroU):h. Ms., Nov. 14, 1795. 
Dni. 1819, M. A. of H.f. 1S4I He was a 
teacher and a farm lalurer. then a L'nivrrsalist 
preacher ; inemln'r .Ms. house of rep. 1828—33 ; 
State senator 18.1.t-9 ; councillor 1839-41 ; 
M.C. 1841-9; naval officer of Boston 1849-5.1. 
He cdiu-il the Boston /AuVy Alius, a Wlii); 
iliiily pa|HT, Inr some vcars ; and has pub. 
••Hi'st ol \Ve-iniinsicr,""l832; " Hist, of >larl- 
tioniu-li," 1SG2; " Hi-t. of I.,exini:ton. Ms.," 
..868; " Leiiers to H. Uallou," 1827; Itrpiv to 
Balloiir's K-^ays," 1829; ami "Doubts con- 
rernini; the Baitle of Bunker's Hill," l2ino, 

18.--: 

Hudson, Hknrt, an Kn):Iish di.scovcrvr, 
ot whose iiarvnta4:c or education nothinj; is 
known, lie was sent out in 1607 bv some 



London merchants, in a small vcusel, for the 
purpose of e.xploriiij; a north^nst pa.ssai;e to 
China and Japan. He saib-d .May 1 with a 
crew of onlv 10 men ami a l«oy U-siile himself, 
and, prvceeilini; beyond the 8<ith de-„'. of lat., re- 
lunuHl to Ent;. in Sept. The next year, in a 
s«x-ond voyai,T, he lanje<l at Nova Zeinbia, but 
could pnx-evd no farther castwanl. He under- 
took in 1609 a thinl voyai,-e, umlcr the patron- 
a;;* of the Dutch K. I. Companv. Beui); un- 
successful in his attempts to tinJ a iiorlh-east 
passa^.'c. he sailed fir Davis's Straits, but struck 
the continent of America in 44° N. lat.. and, 
holding a sonilurly courM-. discovered Cape 
Cod, on which he landol. He then pursuni his 
course to the Chesa|)cake, and, returningalimg 
the coast, cnicix'd the river now bearing his 
name, which he a.«cended ab. 50 league^ in a 
boat. His last voyage was undertaken in 
1610, when he was fitiol out by Sir Thomas 
Smith, Sir Dudley I)i;;gcs, and other friends. 
He sailed April 17 in the bark " Diseoverr " 
with a cix-w of 23 men, and on the 4lh of 
June came in sight of Greenland. Proceed- 
ing westward, he reached, in 60 degs. of lat.. 
the strait bearing his name. Through this 
he advanced along the oast of Labrador, 
which he named Nova Brit.iDnia, until it 
issued into the vast bay, which is also called 
alu-r him. He rc-olved to winter in the most 
southern part of it ; and the ship was drawn np 
in a small creek, where they sustaineil extivroe 
privations, owing to the severity of tlie climate. 
Hudson, however, fined np his shallop for fur- 
iIht discoveries; but unable to communicate 
with the natives, or revictaal his ship, with tears 
in his eyes he ilistrib. his little rvmaining bread 
to his men, ami pre|iaretl to return. Havinga 
dis.-.ati'.fied and mutinous crew, he impruilent- 
ly thriMiened to set some of tbem ashore, when 
he was .-eiied by a liody of thiin at night, and 
set adrift in hi~ own sh.illop with his son J<ibn 
and seven of the most intinn of the crvw, and 
never attcrwards heard of. A small part of 
the crew, after enduring incri-dible harNhips, 
arrived at I'lym>)aih in Sept. 1611. Hudson 
pub. " Divers Voyages an^l Xorihcrn Dis<x>v- 
eries," 1607 ; " A Second Voyage for findin<' 
a Passage to the E. Indies by 'the Sorthfast, 
1608. Accounts of some of his other vovages 
have been pub. in I'tiivhas's " Pilgrim-." 
" A Collection of Documents forming ■ 
Monograph of the Voyages of Henry Hu'lson," 
edited with an lnti\»iuction by Gconje Asher, 
was pub. in London bv the Hakluvi Soeietv in 
1859. — 5r» J. M. liraiCs (ji" ) )l'^- li-l'iiry 
cwr-rm.V; //.irfoin. Svo, 1866. 

Hudson, IIevrt S'oRjiAS.clergvman and 
essayist, b. lornwall, Vt., J.in. 28, 1814. .Mid. 
Coll. 1840. He was brought up a larmer, and 
apprentii-ed to a coach-mak^r in Middleburr. 
He taught schoid a year in Ky., and 2 years !ii 
Hunisville. Ala., wlierc he «n>te and delivered 
a i-oursc of littnrvs on Shaks[ieare. which ho 
afierwaril deliver\d successfully in many places, 
anil Hiially printed in X.Y., 2 vols. l2iiio. 1848. 
Kiitering'ibo Kp. churvh in 18t4. he wa« onl. 
in 1849 ic the priesthotxi. He has since edited 
an edition of Sbaks)>eare. 1 1 vols. 1 2 mo, Bos- 
ton, 1850-7 ; for a short time edited the C^arok 
iloittkii/, and contrib. to various periodica]*. 



HTJX) 



401 



1IT7& 



Rector of the Epis. church in Litchfield, Ct., 
in 1859-60. In the winter of 1860-1 he ite- 
liveied « new coiiise of Shakspearian lectures in 
N.Y. and other cities. He is now a teacher in 
Boston. During the civil war he was a clmp- 
Lain in the army. He mih. in 186."i " A Chap- 
lain's Campaign with Oen. Butler." 

Hudson, WiLu.iM L-, capt. U.S.N., b. 
Xew York. May 11, 1794; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., 
Oct. 15. U62. 'Entering the navy Jan. 1,1816, 
he liceanie lieut. Apr. 'JS, 1826; com. Nov. 2, 
1842; capt. Sept. 14, 1855; secoml in com. 
of Wilkes's exploring exped. in 1838, he com. 
the sloopof-war "Peacock " when lost by her 
pilot's carelessness on the bar at the mouth 
ot Columbia Kiver; in 1857 com. "The Niag- 
ara" in the first, and in 1858 in the second and 
successful eHTort at laying the Atlantic Cable. 
For this service he received from the Govts, of 
Great Britain and Russia several valuable gifts, 
and marks of distinction. 

Huger (ujce'), Gen. Benjamin, son of 
Col. h\ K. Huger, b. Charleston, S.C, 1806. 
West Point, 1825. Entering tlie .'5d Art., he be- 
came ca|it. of ordnance May 30, 1832, and chief 
of ordnance to Gen. Scott's army in Mexico in 
1847-8 ; was brev. major for gallantry at Vera 
Cruz, lieut. -col. for Molino del Rey, and col. 
for Chapultepec; became major Feb. 15, 1855; 
resigned Apr. 22, 1861, and was made a Con- 
fed, brig. -gen. He was employed at Richmond 
and vicinity; led a division at Fair Oaks 31 
May, and at Malvern Hill 1 July, 1862; and 
com., with the rank of maj.-gen., at Norfolk, 
before its occupation by the Federal forces, May 
10, 1862 For his failure to hold that place he 
was retired from active service. 

Huger, Fr.a.X(;is KiNLOCH.d. Charleston, 
S.C, Feb. 15, 1855, a. 81. Son of Col. Benj. 
Huger, who was killed before the lines of 
Charleston in 1780; and was the pupil of the 
celebrated John Hunter. While at Vienna in 
1798, he joined Dr. Fric Bollman in an attempt 
to liberate Lafayette from the dungeons of Ol- 
mutz, — an enterprise that led to tite protracted 
incarceration of the young patriots. The Mar- 
quis de Lafayette first landed on American soil, 
on the plantation of Huger's father, in 1777. 
In 1798, on his liberation, and return to his na- 
tive land, he was app. a capt. in the army. On 
the breaking-out of the war of 1812 he was 
app. lieut.-col. 2d regt. ofart. ; adj -gen. (rank 
of eol.) Apr. 6, 1813. Col. H. served in both 
branches ot the S. C. Icgisl. 

Hu,ger, Isaac, brig.-gen. Revol. array, b. 
Limerick plantation, S. C., Mar. 19, 1742; d. 
Charleston, Nov. 1797. Of Huguenot ilescent. 
He was one of five patriot bros. disting. in the 
struggle tor irulependenee, — DANiti.. a delegate 
to Congress 1786-8, and a representative from 
1789 to '93, d. 1799; John, well known in the 
councils of the State, of which he was sec., d. 
1804; Francis, who was an officer at the bat- 
tle of Fort Moultrie, and Q. M. gen. Souihcrn 
dept., d. Charleston, S.C, Aug. 1800; Maj. 
Benjamin, who fell at the lines of Charleston 
May II, 1780. Their parents were wealthy ; 
and the sons completeil iheir education in Eu- 
rope. Isaac was an officer in the Cherokee ex- 
ped. in 1760 ; was made lieut.-<'ol. 1st S.C. re!;t. 
June 17,1775; and subsequently col. of the 5th 



regt. He opposed the invasion of Ga. by Camp- 
bell and Prevost, with whom he had several 
skirnti-hes, but was obliged to retreat before 
his >kilful and superior enemy. App. brig.- 
gen. Jm. 19, 1779, he com. the left wing at the 
battle of StoiH), June 20, 1 779. and was wound- 
ed while gallantly leading his men. In the 
unsuccessful attack on Savannah, Huger led 
the Ga. ami S. C. militia. During the siege 
of Charleston, with a body of light troops he 
was employed in cutting off supjilie^ to tlie ene- 
my, and keeping open the communication be- 
tween the town and country, but suffered a 
surprise at Monk's Corner, where his force was 
defeated and disi)ersed by Tarleton anil Web- 
ster. He joined the army of (irccne ; com. the 
Virginians at the battle of Guilford, and was 
severely wounded ; and com. the right wing at 
Hobkirk's Hill, where his efforts to regain the 
day cxpos(^d him to the greatest dangers. He 
returned to his estate at the close of the war. 

Hughes, Aaron K., capt. U.S.N., b. N!Y. 
Oct. 20, 1821. Midshipm. Oct. 20, 1838; lieut 
Sept. 9, 1853 ; com. Nov. 16, 1862 ; capt. Feb 
10, 1869 ; lighthouse insp. 1867-8. While at- 
tached to " The Decatur " in Paget Sound. 
Wash. Terr., he had a fight on shore at the 
town of Seattle with 500 hostile Indians, whom 
he defeated Jan. 26, 1S56. Com. steamer "Mo- 
hawk," S. Atl. block, squad., 1862-3 ; com. 
steamer "Cimmaron," S. Atl. block, squad., 
1863-4; and in several engagements with reb- 
els on the Atlantic coast 1861—1. While in 
com. of steamer " Water Witch," in Nov. 1801 , 
he endeavored to cut out a schooner which had 
grounded near Fort Morgan, but was prevent- 
ed by the guiis of the fort. Nov. 9, 1862, he 
accoinp. an exped. which destroyed St Mary's, 
Ga., and ilrove out a large body of rebels con- 
cealed there. — Hamfisli/. 

Hughes, John, D.D., a Catholic prelate, 
b. County Tyrone, Ireland, 1 797 ; d. N.Y. Citv, 
Jan. 3, 1864. The son of a respectable farmer. 
He emig. to America in 1817. His liitlicr 
placed him with a florist; but he devoted his 
spare time to study, and entered the Theol. 
Scm. of Mt. St. Mary's, Emmetsbiirg, Md., 
where he remained several years, most of the 
time as a teacher. Ord. priest in 1825, and was 
settled in a parish in Phila. In 1830 and '34 
he carried on public controversies with Rev. J. 
Breckenridge, both of which were pub. Con- 
sec. Jan. 7, 1838, coadjutor of Bi.-liop Dubois 
of N.Y. ; upon the death ot the latter, 1842, he 
succeeded to the office, and was made arch- 
bishop in 1850. His first inea.-ures were di- 
rected to a reform in the tenure of church 
property, then vested in lay trnstees. In 1839 
he visited France, Austria, and Italy, to obtain 
pecuniary aid for his diocese. Having pur- 
chased property at Ford ham in WestchesterCo., 
he organized ami opened tliere in 1841 the St. 
John's Coll. and the Theol. Sem. of St. Joseph. 
Hewas prominent in the elTort made by the (Cath- 
olics to inodity the existing school-svstem in 
their favor, and was successful. In Auj^. 1842 
he held the first diocesan synod ot N. Y. His 
"Rules for the Administration of Churches 
without Trustees," pub. in 1845, cmbotly the 
system adopted by this synod. Offered in 1846, 
by Pres. Polk, n special mission to Mexico, he 



HUG- 



462 



irtrt, 



declined it. In 1S47 he ilclivcriMl in thv Ut-p- 
n'wntiilivcs ilall iil \Vii»liin'^Ion, hv rfqiit-t of 
Coll;;r^■^s, H lecdirc, ' Cliri-iinniiy ilic Only 
Source of MothI, Social, ami roliiical lU'irrn- 
cniiion." The first iirovlncial council of S.Y. 
was held in 1854, anil attemleil by 7 suffra^Bn!". 
Invnlvt'il in a controversy with Hon. Krastus 
Brooks on the chnreh-pro|Mrriy question, the 
nrchhishop subsequently collcctiil anJ pub. the 
letters on holh siilcs. with an introil. reviewing 
the trusiee system, NY. 1955. He pub. a num- 
ber of lectures and paiiiiihlels. At the eoin- 
inencemeiit of the Keb. Ilioii in 1861, he, with 
Thurlow Weed, was sclectal bv Sec. Seward 
to i;o to Euro|>e to counteract Hie ]>loiiin|;a of 
reliel a^uK. His sister Kllkm (Mother An- 
gela), superior of St. Vincent's Hospital, h. 
Ireland ah. 1800, d. N. Y. fily. Sept. 5, I8B6. 
She came to thii country in 1818. anil was ed- 
ucateil in a omveut at Frederick, .Md. She 
poineil the Sisterhood of Charity at 22 ; and 
in 1846 was chosen superior for 6 years. For 
the Inst II years of her life she had been direc- 
tor of the hospital in 1 1 ih Street. During the 
war she was active in aiding the sanitary com- 
mission. 

Hughes, UonKBT Ball, sculptor, b. I>on- 
don, Jan. la. 1806; d. Boston, M^irch 5, 1868. 
At the age of 12 he made ont ol wax-<'andle 
ends a bas-relief copy of a jiicture representing 
the wisdom of Solomon, which was afterward 
cast in silver. He was 7 years in the studio of 
E. H. Bailey, where he successfully competed 
for the jirizes awanled by the Uoyal Acad., 
gaining the large silver medal for the best copy 
in bas-relief of the Apollo Belvedere ; al.so the 
silver medal of the Societv of Art-s and Sci- 
ences for a cony of the liarberini Fiiun; the 
large silver medal for the best original model 
from life; and a gold medal for an original 
composition, " I'andora brought by Mercury 
to Kpimetheus." He next made busts of 
ticorge IV., the Dukes of Sussex, York, and 
Cambridge, besides a statuette of George IV., 
which was subsequently cast in bronze. He 
eniig. in 1829 to New York. His first work 
of importance was the marble statue of Ham- 
ilton, which was destroyed by fire in 18 15, and 
was the first work of its class executed in Amer- 
ica. In Trinity Church, N.Y.. is his monu- 
inentnl nlto-relief of iife-siic in memory of 
Bishop Holiart. In the Boston Athenirum are 
his casts of " Little Xell," and the group " Un- 
cle Toby and Widow Wadman." A statue of 
" Oliver Twist " is in the coll. of his early pa- 
tron, the late Duke of Devonshire. Among 
his other works arc a model for an equestrian 
statue of Washington, intemled for the city of 
I'hila. ; a " Crucifixion ; " the statue of Nathl. 
Bowilitch in bronic in Mt. Auburn Cemetery, 
Cambridge, Ms. ; a spirited statuette of (ien. 
Warren ; and a bust of W. Irving. Mr. Hughes 
appeared lor a seasim as a lecturer upon art. 
He was (or some vears a resident of Dorches- 
ter, Ms. 

Hull. IsA.vc, commo. U. S. N., b. Derby, 
ft., a Mar. 1775; d. Hhila. 13 Feb. 184.V 
Joseph his father, a Uevoi. officer, long an in- 
mate of the Jersey prison-ship. d. Jan. 1826, 
a. 75. Isaac eniereil the inerehant-service. and 
at 19 com. a ship which sailed to Loml .Made 



a lient. in the U. S. N. 9 .Mar. 1798; master- 
coindi. 18 May, 1804 ; ami eapl. 2.1 Apr 1806. 
In 1800. while Isi lieiit of " The Con-titiition," 
he miinned a small sIimiii from that vesKel ; 
ran into I'ort I'latte. Ilayti, at nooniUy; 
bonrdnl ami tiKik a Fi\'iicli letivr-ol-marque ; 
and then lnndi'<l, and spikeil the guns of the 
battery before the com. otHcer could pre|uire 
for defeuec. He nl«o (listing, himself liefore 
Tripuli, on the coast of Barbary, in the exped. 
of (ien. Katon against Algiers, and in the 
Bay of Naples, protecting American shipping 
against an apprehended onslaught of the 
French 12 July. 1812, he sailol in com. of 
" The Constitution " from Anna|>olis, and, 
after a .3 days' chase by a British squad., 
cscajH'd by skilful seamanship. The wind was 
light and battling ; and Hull resorted to the 
novel and siicccusful ex|Kdient of sending hia 
boats ahead with a keilgi-, to m liii h the ship 
was warpeil up ; the keilu'e then l>riug weighed 
while another was carried out. In this way, 
he left his pursuers b<for« they iliscovered 
how it was done. Aug. 19 he encountered and 
captured the British frigate " fiuenit're "after 
an action at close quarters of ulHiut half an 
hour. She was so much injureil. that she wai 
burned. For this capture, the first in the war. 
Com. Hull received from Congress a gold 
medal. He was subseipienrly a naval comniia- 
sioner ; com the navy-yanls at Boston, I'orta- 
month, and Washington ; and in Oct. 1842 
took up his resilience in Philn. 

Hull, Capt. Jons, p>ldsmith, b. Market 
Hareborongh, Ix-icestersliire. Eng., 18 Dec. 
1624; d. Boston 1 Oct. 16^2. Koliert his fa- 
ther arrived at Boston 28 Sept 1635. App. 
mintmnster of the .Ms. Colony 10 June, 1652 ; 
town treas. 1660-1 ; capt. Art. Co. 1671 ; dep. 
to Gen. Court 1669, '71-3; treas. of the Colo- 
ny 1675-80; assist. 1680-2 His " Diary and 
Aleraoirs" are in " Amer. Antiq Soc. Colls." 
iii. 

Hull, Joseph B., commo. U.S.N., b. West- 
chester, N Y. Midship. Nov 9, 1813; licut. 
Jan 13, 1825 ; com. Sept. 8. 1841 ; capt. Sept. 
14, 1855; commo. Julv 16. 1S62 ; light-h. insp. 
1st dist. Oct. 15. 1869. Com. sloop " War- 
ren " in the Pacific l,«4'i-7 ; cut ont the Mexi- 
can gun-lirig " .Maiek Adliel." off Maiatlan, 
and com. the nonberti dist. of ChI. tor a short 
period lielorc the close ol the Mexican war ; 
com. frigate " St I.,Bwrence," Brazil tquad. and 
Paraguay expcd.. 1850-9; and com. the Savan- 
nah const blockade. June— Sept. 1861 : Fuperint. 
building of gunlmats at St. Louis 1862-4 ; 
retired 21 Dw. I8t;i — Hnmrrdi/ 

HuU, CiKN William. Ii. Derbr, Ct.. June 
24. 175.1; d. Newton, Ms., Nov." 29, 1825. 
Y.C. 1772. He stuilied divinity a year; then 
became a student at the Litchfield Law School; 
was adin. to the l>ar in 1775 ; but, lieing app. 
capt, in Webb's regt., joined the army at ("am- 
bridje. Hull was at Dorchester Heights, 
White I'lain.s, Trenton, and Princeton, where 
he was promoted to a mnjoniy ; at Tic<md«ro- 
pa; the surrender of Bnrgoyne ; at Monmouth 
and Stony I'oint : lieui -soj. in 1779; was an 
insp<vtiir under Bnnm Steutien ; a col. in the 
capture of Cornwiillis; and was sent on a mis- 
sion to (Juebi'C to demnml ;l irrender of 



HXJM 



403 



HTJIM 



Niagara, Dt-troit, and several smaller forts. 
He cum. the expcil. Hgainst Morrisimia in Jan. 
1781, fur wliicli lie reeeivod the thiinks of 
\Va>hin;rton an J of Congre.ss. After the war, 
he practised law with reputation in Newton, 
hecanie weaithy, and was loii;^ a leadin;^ man 
in the Ms. house and senate. Maj.-{,'en. Ms. 
mi;itia 17y6. In Shays's insurrection, he com. 
the Ictt winfjof Gen. Lincoln's troops, and, liy 
a lorccd lu^rch through a violent snow-storm, 
surprised the insurgents in their camp, who 
(icd in every direction. In 1793 he was a com- 
miss. to U. Canada to treat with the Indians. 
In 1798 he visited Europe ; and on his return 
was app. judge of C.C F- ; was elected to the 
Stale senate; and from 1805 to 1814 was gov. 
of Michigan Terr. Ajip. brig. -gen. and com. 
of the North-west army, he suriendered De- 
troit, Aug. 15, 1812, to the British general 
Brock, and was in 1814 condemned by court- 
martial for cowardice, and sentenced to be 
shot, but was pardoned by Pres. Madison on 
account of his Kcvol. services. In 1824 Hull 
pab. " Campaign of the North-west Army, 
1812," in a series of letters in defence of his 
conduct; and in 1848 his dan.. Mis. Maria 
Campbell of Ga., and his grandson. Rev. James 
Freeman Clarke, pub. his biography. Alter a 
critical examination of the whole case, the lat- 
ter remarks that the charge of cowardice, when 
examined, becomes incredible and absurd. He 
pub. adei'ence of himself, 1814 ; and an oration 
before the Cincinnati, July 4, 1788. 

Humbert (hOn'-bair'), Joseph Amable, 
a French gen., b. Kouvergne, Nov. 25, 1 755 ; 
d. N.Orleans, Jan. 2, 182.3. Gen. of brig. 
Apr. 1794; served in (lie Army of the West; 
gen. of division in 1798, he coin, the advanced 
guard of the iinny destined to make a descent 
on Ireland. A storm disjiersed the fleet; but 
Humbert, with ab. 1,500 men. landed at Killala, 
and, alter some successes, was attacked, and 
forced to ca]>itulate, by Lord (ornwalli-, Sept. 
8. He served in the Army of the Uaiiubc, and 
was wounded, in 1799; in the exped. to St. 
IJomingo in 1802, where he disting. himself 
greatly. Incurring the displea.sure of Xapo- 
leon, he came to the U.S. in 1814, and served 
under Jackson, when N. Orlean.s was attacked 
by British force, as major com. a French legion, 
until Apr. 1815. On the rising of the Spanish 
colonies, he formed at N. Orleans a corp of ab. 
2,000 men of ail nations, and joined the insur- 
gents. Successes were followed by disasters; 
and Humbert was obliged to return to N. Or- 
leaii-. where he d. in poverty. 

Humboldt, von, Friedrich Heinrich 
Ai.E.\ANDhR, baron, an illustrious traveller 
and naturalist, b. Berlin, Prus,sia, 14 Sept. 
1769; d. there 6 May, 1859. His father was 
(Ml the sialf of the Duke of Brunswick in the 
Sev-.n-Years' War ; his bro. Karl William was 
an cuiinent pbilologist and statesman He stud- 
ied at the Liiiversities of Franklort and Got- 
li.'gen ; travelled in France, Holland, and Eng. 
in 1790; and was made direeior-gen. of the 
mines of An>pach and Baireuth in 1792. From 
Juno, 1799, to July, 1804, he explored with 
Bunpland the northern i)art of S. Amcr., es- 
))cci!iily ihe i-nnniiics diaiiie.l hy llie ( Irinco 
and the l.io >cgio; ascended ilie i;a^il:ili.;ia 



as far as possible by water, penetrating by 
land to Quito; in June, lSii2, they ascended 
(.'himborazo to a point 19,000 leet or mora 
above the level of the sea, the highest point of 
the Andes ever reachetl by man ; [)assed nearly 
a year in Mexico ; and, after visiting the U.S., 
returned to Europe with rich collections of 
plants, animals, and minerals. He spent ab. 
20 years in Paris, digesting and publinhing the 
rc-ults of his observations in a " Journey to the 
Eciuinoclial Regions of the New Continent," 
3 vols. ; " Astronomical Observations," &c., 2 
vols. 1808-10; "View of the Cordilleras," 
&c., 1810; "Observations on Zoology and 
Comparative Anatomy ; " " Political Essay 
on the Kingdom of New Spain," 2 vols. 1811; 
and " General Physics and Geology." His 
great work, " Kosmos," was undertaken when 
he was 74 years old (184.5-58). An English 
translation of his "Personal Narrative of 
Travels " was made by Helen Maria Williams, 
5 vols. 1814-21. In 1810 he was chosen a 
member of the French Institute. In 1826 he 
removed to Berlin; received the title of coun- 
cillor; and between 18.30 and 1848 was sent to 
Paris on several jjolitical missions. In 1829, 
with Ehrenberg and Rose, he made a scientific 
exploration of Asiatic Russi.i, one result of 
which was his "Central Asia," 3 vols. 1843. 
His " Botanical Collections in theNew World " 
were pub. in 7 vols. 181.3-23. He pub. many 
other works, among which is a " Critical Ex- 
amination of the Geography of the New Con- 
tinent," 5 vols. 1835-8; and "Aspects of 
Nature," 1808. No traveller has yet appeared, 
so well fitted by extensive and varied culture 
and acfpiiremerits, and by natural endowments 
of the highest kind, to enlarge the boundaries 
of human knowledge. lie was a member of 
all the principal learned bodies in the world. — 
6V ./. LIdw:, Lii-es of the Hruthrs Humboldt. 

Humfrey, .Ma-ior-Gen, Johx, b. Dorches- 
ter, Eiig. ; d. 1561. He was bred a lawyer; 
possessed wealth and reputation; was one of 
the 6 original purchasers of Ms., Mar. 19, 1628, 
from the Council of Plymouth; treasurer of 
the comp., and one of the most influential in 
promoting the settlement of the Colony; was 
chosen dep.-gov. of the Ms. Co. at their second 
meeting in Kug., and caine to N. Eng. in 16-34 
with his wife. Lady Susan, d.nn. of the Earl of 
Lincoln, and with their 6 children went to re- 
side at Swampscott. He was an assist, from 
1C32 to 1641, and first maj.-gen. of the Colony 
1641. Ill 1636, with Capt. Natbl. Turner, he 
laid out the hounds of Ipswi -h. He returned 
to Eng. with his wife, Oct. 26, 1641. 

Humming-Bird, a CI;oct;av chief; d. 
Nashville, Teiin., Dec. 23, 1827, a. 75. He was 
friendly to the U.S., and fought on its side in 
many battles against the red men. He led 6(1 
warriors in the campaigns of Wayne and Scott 
in 1794, and also disting. himself in the war 
a_-ain>t the Creeks and British. His commis- 
sion and silver medal, received from Washing- 
ton, were buried in his coffin. 

Humphrey, Charles, Revel, patriot, b. 
Haverloid, Pa., ab. 1712; d. there I78C. He 
WMs bioii;;ht np in the millinu-busiiiess, in 
which he was hmg iind extensively engaged, 
A iiicinb, r ol the Prov. Assembly 1764-75, and. 



HXTM 



4G4 



HTJJT 



of Congress in 1775-6. In that body, thongli 
ho opposed the oppressive measures of (jreiiC 
Britniii, he voted ugniust the Deel. of Iiulep. 
He WHS a man of integritv, and a nciiceinaker 
for his neichliorhood. — ^)mi(A'a iM. Cu. 

Humphrey, IIkman, DM. (Mid. Coll. 

ISl'.'i), ilinne, li. \\\-,l .SImsburv, Cl.. .Mar. 26, 
1779; d. l'itt»liuia,Ms.,Aiir.3, 18G1. Y.C.1805. 
He IHUi;hl aclioul frum the n(;e of 16; stuihed 
thri)liij.'_v under I'rcs. Dnicht ; was minister of 
the f-'ung. chureh in Fairlield from Apr. 1807 
to 1817 ; was pastor of the ehurch in I'ittstield 
liiim 1817 to I82.'J; and ores, of Anih. Coll. 
from t)ct. 18:i'} to 1845. For 50 vcars he was 
a contrib. to |ieriodieals, among them the Patio- 
jtiiit and Christian ii/mtiator. He pub. a vol. 
of prize essays on the Sabbath, 1830; "Tour 
in Franee, Ureat Britain, andUei|i;iuin," 2 vols. 
1838; " UoniL^iie ICdueation." 1840; '■ Letters 
to a Son in the Ministrv," 1845; " Lile and 
Writin;:3 of Prof. N. W.' Fiskc," 1 850 ; " Life 
and \Vritin;;s of T. U Gullaudel," 1857; 
" Sketehes of the History of Ueyivals," 1859. 
A coll. of his addresses and reviews has been 
pul)., and u vol. of " Revival Conversations." 
Dr. H. was one of the pioneers in the teniper- 
anee refunnation. In 1810 he preaehed 6 ser- 
mons on intemperanee; and in 1813 drew up a 
re|)ort to the Fairlield Consoeiation, believed 
to have been the hrst tract pub. on that subject. 
His son James, b. Fairlield, Cl., Oct. 9, 1811, 
d. Brooklyn, X.Y., June 16, 1866. Ainh. Coll. 
1831. He studied law in >i. Haven, and prac- 
tised with distinction at Louisville and N. 
York. He held various civic offiies in N.Y., 
nnil was .\1.C. in 1858-60 and 1864-6. 

Humphreys, Andrew Atkinson, LL.D. 
(II.C. IM->|. l.ii-.-gen. U.S.A., b.l'a. ab. 1812. 
We.-l I'oirit, 1S31. Entering the 2d Art., he 
was assist, prof, of cng. at West Point until 
Apr. 1832; disting. himself in conflict with 
the Fla. Indians, June 9; became 1st lieut. in 
Aug.; and resi;;ned Sept. 30, 1836. App. Isi 
lieut. topug. engrs. Julv 7, 1838; assist, in the 
coast survey from 1845 to 1849; capt. May, 
1848; and in Aug. 1853 took charge iif the 
office of explorations and surveys in the war 
dept ; major, Aug. 6, 1861 : utlached to the 
staff of Gen. McClellan as aideHlecamp, Mar. 
5, 1862 ; brig.gcn. of vols. Apr. 28 ; hrev. col. 
for the baitle of Fredericksburg 13 Dec. 1SG2; 
lieut. -col. engr. corps 3 Mar. 1863; maj.-gen. 
vols. 8 July, 1863; engaged at Chancellors- 
ville and (jetiysburi;; chief of suiff to Gen. 
Meade, July, 1863-Xov. 1864; com. 2d corps 
25 Nov. 1864 to 2* June, 1865; and engaged 
in the siege and capture of Peter.'-buo;, and 
pursuit and capture of I>ec's army ; chief en- 
gineer (rank of brig.-gen.) Aug. 8, 1866 ; brev. 
brig.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865, for (.•ettysburg; and 
maj.-gen. for Sailor's Creek. Member of sev- 
eral scieniific socieiies. Author of " Re|>ort 
on the Phtsics and Hydraulics of tlie Mpi. 
River," »\i\. 1867. — Ch//ii-h. 

Humphreys, Oavid, LL.D. (Brown U. 
I802I, Soulier, dipluniali^t, and poet; b. Derbv, 
Cl.,Jiily, 1752; d. X. Haven, Feb. 21. 1818. 
Y. C. 1771. Sou of Rev. Daniel, minister of 
Derby, 173.3-87. He resided a short lime in ihc 
family of Col. Phillipse of Phillipse Manor, 
N. Y. Lnlcring the army as cnpt. at the be- 



ginning of the Rpvol. war, he liccamc maj. of 
brigade in Oct. 1777 ; was in 1778 aide lo Put- 
nam ; early in 1780 wa.4 seKcied as aide lo 
Washington, with the rank of licut.-col. ; re- 
maining as such lo the end of the war. Having 
particularly disting. himself at tlic sie;;e of 
York, Congress, to whom he wa.H the bearer 
of the captured stundunls, in testimony of his 
valor, fidelity, and signal services on this occa- 
sion, voted him an elegant swonl. At the 
dose of the war, he accompanied Washington 
10 Va. ; in July, 1784, «ent lo France as sec. 
of legation to Jeflerson, nccomp. by Kosciusko. 
Revisiting his native town in 1786, he was 
eli'cted to the leirisl., and npp. to com. a regt. 
rai.sed for the Western service. During ibis 
period he resided in Uariiord, and, with Hop- 
kins, Barlow, and Trumbull, pub. the Anar- 
cliiaii. On the reduciion of his regt. in 1788, 
he re|>aired lo Mount Vernon, remaining with 
Washington unil app. (in 1790) minister to 
Portugal, In 1789 he was a)>p. on the lioard 
ot eommissioners lo treat with the Souihe: n 
Indians. Revisiting America in 1794, be 
was, after his return to Lisl>on (1797), app. 
minister to Spain, continuing until 1802, and 
concluding treaties with Tripoli and Algiers. 
After his relurn to America, he was exten- 
sively engaged in innnuf. ami agrie. ; and was 
oneof ilie tirst to introduce nieiino sheep into 
this country. He established an exiensive 
woollen and cotton factory in his native town. 
In 1812 he took com. of the militia of Ct. ; and 
as a inemlier of the legisl. was active in organ- 
izing for the local dufencc. The most im|ior- 
lant of his |>oeiical productions are "An Address 
to the Armies of the U.S ," 1782, trans, into 
French by Chastcllux; on" The Future Gh.ry 
of the U.S. ;" on " The Love of Conn irj-; "and 
on " The Dealhof Washington." He also wrote 
"The Lile of Putnam," 1798; "The Widow 
of Malabar," a tragcily from ihe French, 1790; 
and various poliliral tracts. A collection of his 
wriiings was pub. in X. Y., 8vo, 1790and 1804. 
Mcnilier of ihe Acad, of Arts and Sciences, of 
the I'hilos. .Soc., and of the Roy. Soc. of Lond. 

Humphreys, Rev. Hector, b. Canton, 
Ct., June 8. 1797; d. Annapolis, Md., Jan. 
25, 1857. Y. C. 1818. He toukorder» in the 
Kp. Cliun-h, but soon alter wa.s app. prof, of 
ancient languages in Wash, (now iriniiv) 
Coll., Hartlonl. Prcs. of Si. John's Coll., A'ii- 
nap., 18.31-57. 

Humpton, CoL. Ricuard, a Revol. offi- 
cer, h. Yorkshire. r.ng.,ab. 1733; d. Ch. stcrCo., 
Pa., Dec. 21, 1804 A ciipt. in the Bril. army, 
he disting. himself in the attack on Si. Malo; 
and, while ei.ilioncd in the W. Indies, resigned, 
and came to Pu., fixing his residence on one 
of the iiniKir branches of the Susipiehanna. 
During the Revol. he com. the 2d Pa. re>;l., 
and bad a \\orae shot under him at the Bran- 
dywine. After the (icace he settled on a farm, 
aiid held until his death the post of adj.-gcn. 
of militia. — IlifJ. Hag., v. 20. 

Hungerford, Gen. Jons P. ; d. Twiford, 
Westin..r,laiid to., Va., Dec. 21, IS.'W, a T*. 
Revoi officer; .M. C. 181.3-17; and brig.-gen. 
of Va. militia on the Potomac in 1814 ; coma, 
in support of Com. Porter's art. at the White 
House in Sept. of that year. 



jjxrs^ 



465 



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Hunt, Edward B., soUrt and inventor, 
b. N. Y. lS-2-2; killed 2 Oct. ISG'!, at Biook- 
IvTi, X. Y., wliile ux|ieiimeiitln:; with liis " sea 
miner," lor firini; under water. West Point, 
1845. Entering tlie en!;r. corps, he was assist, 
prof, at West Point 1846-9; capt. 1 July, 
18.';9; maj. 3 Mar. 1S8.3; chief en^'r., dept. 
of the Slienando-.ih, V^a., Apr. 1862; and snb- 
sequenilj- employed at Ft. Triiniijull, Ct., and 
deienees oi New-Haven harbor.— t'ullam. 

Hunt. Freejux, editor, b. Qniney, Ms., 
M:ir. 21, 1804; d. Bruoklyn, N.Y.,Mar. 2, 1858 
Ilisearly educational advantages were few; but 
111' entered a printin;,'-ortice in Boston at the 
a;.'e of 12. Alter the expiration of liis aiipren- 
ticesliip he esiablislied the Ladies' .l/'if/., edited 
by Mrs. Sarah Josepha Hale ; then eomnieneed 
the repnlilieation of the Peinii/ .!/»'/. ; con- 
nected himself with the Bewick Company, an 
assoc. of authors, arti^Is, printers, and book- 
binders, as the managing director, during 
whicli lime he projected and edited the Aiiieri- 
ain Mdij. He also pub. in 18.3(1 "Anecdotes 
and Sketches Illustrative of Female Charac- 
ter ; " and " Amer. Anecdotes, Ori;;inal and 
Selected," 2 vols. 12mi) Removinj; to N.Y. 
in IS."!, he established a weekly paper, the 
Tiav III r ; brought out a Comprehensive Atlas 
in 1834 ; and pub. a vol. of" Letters ahontthe 
Hudson "in 1836. In 1837 he projected the 
Mircliunl's Ma;/., which first appeareil in July, 
1839. It was conducted with ability; and the 
38 vols, edited by him constitute a valuable 
repository of commercial, ajirieultural, and oth- 
er .statistics. In 1845 he pnb. the first vol. of 
" The Library of Conimeree ; " and in 1856-7 
" The Lives of American Merchants," 2 vols. 
Svo. His last work was " Wealth and Worth, 
a Collection of Morals, Maxnns, and Miscel- 
lanies for Merchants." 

Hunt, Hexrt Jackson, brev. maj.-gen. 
U.S.A., b. Detroit, 1819. West Point, 1839. 
Entcrinjj the 2d Art., he became 1st lient. June 
18, 1846; brev. capt. for gallantry at Contreras 
and (.'hnrubusco, Aug. 20, and major for 
Chaiiultcpec, Sept. 13, 1847; disting. in the 
assault on Molino del Uey, where he was 
wounded; capt. Sept. 28. 1852 ; m.aj. {5th Art.) 
May 14, 1861 ; aide to Gen. McClelian (rank 
of col.) Sept. 28, 1861; brig.-gen. vols. Sept. 
15, 1862; lieut.-col. (3d Art.) Aug. 1, 1863; 
col. (5th Art.) Apr. 4, 1869; brev. maj.-gen. 
War. 13, 1865. He was engaged at Bull Run 
in com. of the art. on extreme left; com. re- 
serve act. in Peninsular campaign, and engaged 
at Yorktown, Gaines's Mill, and Malvern Hill; 
chiel of art. Army of Potomac ; engaged at 
South .Mountain, Antietani, Fredericksburg, 
CIrincellorsville, Gettysburg (lor which brev. . 
col ) ; operations at Mine Run ; battles of the 
Wilderness, Spoitsylvania, and Cold Harbor; 
siege of Petersburg, participating in the vari- 
ous assaults of the enemy's lines; and in the 
Ijursuit and capture of Li-c's artny, 9 Apr. 
1865; brev. brig.-gcn. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865, 
for merit, services at Petersburg and the cam- 
pai-n ending in Lee's surrender. — Cullum. 

Hunt, Jedediaii, merchant at Chile, Cler- 
mont Co., 0., b. Candor, Tioga Co., N.Y , 28 
Dec. 1815. Pub. " The Cottage Maid, a Tale 
in Rhyme," Svo, Cincin. 1847 ; and ha3 con- 



trib. to magazines and journals. — See Poels 
aiul I'oflrii (//' the West. 

Hunt, Richard Morris, architect, b. 
Brattlcborough, Vt., 31 Oct. 1829. Educated 
at the Boston High School. In 1842 he went 
to Europe and studied architecture, subse- 
quently visiting Egypt. He was app. inspector 
at the Louvre, Paris ; was a member of the 
jury on architecture at the Paris Ex]>osition ; 
and now lesidcs in New Y'ork. — Thomas. 

Hunt, Thomas, col. U.S.A., b. Ms. ; d. 
Belle Fontaine, La., Aug. 18, 1808, a. ab. 50. 
He entered the Revol. army as a private ; at 
the close of the war was a capt. ; and afterward 
served under Wayne against the Western In. 
dians; capt. 2il Inf. Mar. 4, 1791 ; maj. 2d sub 
legion, Feb 1793; 1st Inf. Nov. 1796; lient.- 
col. Apr. 1802; eol. Apr. 11, 1803 — Gard- 
tier. 

Hunt, Thomas, M.D. (TT. of Pa. 1829), 
|)livsician, b. Charleston, S.C, 1808; d. Xcw 
Or'leans, 20 March, 1867. He coMiplctcd his 
preparatory studies in Paris; began practice at 
Charleston; taught anatomy in 1831 ; and in 
1832 and '36 won distinction by his successful 
treatment of cholera. Removing to N. Orleans 
in 1833, he was a founder of the La. Med. 
Coll., and prof, of anatomy and physiol. until 
1S62; its pres. in 1865-7. He was specially 
skilful in the treatment of yellow-fever. 

Hunt, Thomas Stebry, chemist, mineral- 
ogist, and geologist, b. Norwich, Ct., Sept. 5, 
1826. He first studied medicine, but in 1845 
studied chemistry with Prof. SiUiinan at Y.C., 
where he was subsequently chemical assist. 
After two years' study, he accepted the post of 
chemist and mineral, to the geol. comtni.ss. for 
the survey of Canada. Besides his numerous 
conthlis. to tha Journal of Science, stnii to the 
London Pliilos. Mag., the Royal Society, the 
French Academy of Sciences, &c., he has con- 
trili. to the Keportsof the Geol. Survey of Cana- 
da for many years. He is also the author of a 
summary ot organic chemistry, forming a part 
of Prof. Silliman'.s '• First Principles of Chem- 
istry." Mr. Hunt was one ot the English 
members of the international jtiry at the Great 
Exhibition at Paris in I85a,and was decorated 
by Napoleon III. with the Cross of the Legion 
of Honor ; prof, of chemistry in the U. of 
Quehee. In 1854 he received the lion. deg. 
of A.M. from H.U., and in 1857 that of doctor 
of science from Quebec. He is a member of 
various learned bodies; and in 1859 was 
elected a lellovv of the Royal Society of Lon- 
don. 

Hunt, Washington, politician, b. Wind- 
ham, N.Y., Aug. 5, 1811 ; d. New York, h\-b. 
2, 1867. Adm. to the bar at Lockjmrt in 
1834 ; app. first judge of Niagara ('o. in 1836; 
M.C. 184:i-9, serving as chairman of the com. 
on commerce: comptroller of N.\^ 1849; gov. 
of N.Y. 1851-3. When the Whig party gave 
way to the Repnb., Hunt, who was one of the 
leaders of the conservative wing, became a 
Democrat, and in 1864 a delegate to the Chi- 
cago convention. 

Hunt, William Gibres, journalist, d. 
Nashville, Tenn., Aug. 13, 1833. U.U. ISIO. 
He was from Boston. Edited the Wrslr.ni Mm- 
itorani the Western Revietc, ami in 1825 removed 



HUN 



466 



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from I<vxiiii;lon. Ky., (o No^ihvillc, where he 
e^Iiilitishtil the Unnntr. lie wnn n vi;;nruus 
iiiiil |u>li~hi-<l writer. 

Hunt, ^V ILLIAU MonRiH, painirr, b. Brut- 
Ili-lmruimh. Vt., M^ir. 31, 1824. lie fnlercJ 
II. U. 184i>, liut went to Kuropc before ihe com- 
iik'linii of ihc course, on iiecuunt of \>'\* hcnltli. 
ill I846s(uilie(l 8<-iil|itiiru in the nrnil. at Diis- 
selilorf; and in I84S beiiinie a pupil of C'un- 
tun-; »inoc wliicli time he bus tbiluwvd ihc 
pn.fessiun of ii pnintrr. lie coiitril). to the 
tiniinnl exhibitions in l'ari$, from 185'J lo I8.':5; 
nhen he rctiiriu'U lo tlic U.S., ami esiul>- 
lisheil bis ri'^idenco at Xcw|H>rt, IM. Ilis 
puiniini:s comprise history anil i/eiin : and 
anion); the nio.-t succcssfnl arc scvuriil repro- 
sonlin:; pirture.sque types of lity life in I'aris, 
of which tlu' nrti--.t pub. a series of litbosninhs, 
executed by himself, in 18jil. Anionj; bis liost 
pieces ar« the ''Morninc Star," " Ix)st Kid," 
"liirl :\l the Fountain," " St^cet-^Iu^iei:ln," 
" Child selim!; Violets," " Urumnier-Uov," 
and •• Bu-le-Call." 

Hunter, David, brcv. maj.-gcn. U.S.A., 
b. W.islnn-ton, U.C, July 21, IS02. West 
I'oinc, l>i)i\i. His fuilier, a chaplain in the 
army, was a native of Va. David enierv<l the 
5th Inf. ; U'canie 1st li<.'nt. 30 June, 1828; 
ciipt. 4 Mar. I8.')3; and ri'sij,'nin^ 4 July, 18.'J6, 
engageil in business at Chicago; but njoincd 
the armv.as paym Nov. 1841 ; ami l>eiHme 
niaj. 14 MaR-li. 1^42. lie accoinp. I'res. Lin- 
coln from Sprin'.;Held as far as Btilf.do in Kel>. 
1861, wlieie. in the pR'ssuiv of the crowd, he 
butf^red a dislocation of the collar-lione. May 
14, he was ap|i. col. Cib Cav. ; and nt the first 
battle of Hull run, as bri^.-^en.. com. the main 
riiliimn of MeDowed's army, and was severely 
wounded in llie neck. An;; I't, he was made 
niaj.-gen. of vols., ami served under Gen. Fre- 
mont in the dcpt. of Mo., su()er>edin:; him in 
com Nov. 2. He afterward, upon being re- 
lieved by Gen Hallcck, had coin, of the dept. 
ofKs. 'Ordered in Maa-h, 1862, to S.C, he 
took I'om. of tlie dept. ot the South, and estab- 
lished his headquarters at Hilton Head, I'orl 
Koyal, S C. May 9, he issued a pn>elama- 
tion Jeelarins slavery in his dept. alwlished. 
This proclamation was annulled by the pres. 
on the 19ih of the Mine month. Early in Sept. 
Gen. llnnter was orderol to Washington, and 
app. pres. of a court of inquiry. Coin, dept, 
ol We.-t Va. 19 .May to 8 Au;;." 1864 ; and en- 
gagevl at Piedmont, .5 June ; si-veral skirmishes 
nn the march to Stanton in June ; action of 
Diamond Hill 17 June, 1864; and of Lynch- 
burg 18 Jane, 1864 ; and for these services was 
l.nv. bii;;.--en. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865; and 
bav. mMJ,.^cn. U.S.A. Mar. 13, 186J; retired . 
J.llv 31, 1861). 

Hunter, John Dcsn. author of " Man- 
iiei-s anil (. iistoms of Several Indian Trilie* 
locatcl West ol the Mpi," Phila. 1S23; d. 
near Nacotidoches, Texas, curly in 1827. Ho 
belon^inl to a party which bad alleinpteil a 
revol. in Texas, and, after its failure, was killed 
by an Iinlian whom he bad indui-ed to Join in 
the revolt. His work w.i» repnb. in Lond. un- 
der the title of •• Memoirs ot a Captivity Muumi; 
the Indians of N.A., Irom Childhood to the 
A^ of 19." Geu. Cass, in the .V. A. lieiieic. 



vol. xxii., attempted to discredit the auilienti- 
citv of this narrative. 

&unter, Jo»i:pii, F.S. A., historian, b. Shef- 
field, En-., Feb. 6, 17S3; d. Lond. May 9, 
I861,»herehc had lieen, since 183:1, an assist. 
kee|>er of the publie n'cords. Edncaled to the 
ministry, he was settlol over a I'ri'sb. church 
at Uaili from 1809 to 18.33, constantly devot- 
in-; himself to antiquarian rest-arches. Ills 
" Founiiers of New I'lymouth," |iub. first as a 
pamphlet, afterwards in the " Ms. Hist. Colls.," 
was sulKseqiicntly enlarg<-d, and printed in 
Lond. in I8J4. He was also iustniniental in 
pruenring for the Hist. So<'. a transcript of the 
" History of the I'lymouth Plantation," bv 
Gov. Brailford, from the ori:;innl in the Fui- 
ham Library. His publioations were numer- 
ous; among them were illustrations of the 
te.xt of Sliakspcare's plays. —.V. E. II. and Gen. 
Heq xvi. 93. 

Hunter, Sib Martin, a British gen.; d. 
Dec. 9, 1846. a. 89, at Untario Hill, Canada. 
He enteivd the army Am;. 30, 1771 ; was made 
a lieut. June 18, 1775, the day following the 
battle of Bunker's Hill; capt. Nov. 21, 1777; 
col. 1800; gen. Mav 27, 1825. He served at 
Bunker's Hill, at Brooklyn and Brandywine, 
in the storming of Fort Washini;ion, and in 
the niu'ht-altaek on Gen. Wavne's bri.;aile, in 
which lie was wounde<l. He .served »u'>se- 
qncntly in the E. Indies; in 1797 com. ■ 
brigade at the capture of Trini lad and the 
biege of Porto Hieo ; filled the office of coin- 
in-cbief at Halifax ; and was also gov. of N. 
Brunswirk 

Hunter, Rohert, mfii.-gcn., anil author 
of the tamous letter on " Entlinsinsm," attrib- 
uted by some to Swift, and by iiilier< to 
Sbafte.-liury ; d. Jamaica, March 11, 17.'54. 
Made gov. of Va. in 1708, he was captiin.'il bv 
the Freni'b on the voya;.'e, and retained until 
the end of 1709. In 1710 he took the ;;ovt.of 
N. Y. and the Jerseys at the head of 2,0ii0 
palatine colonists. He l)ecame ei>v. of Ja- 
maica in 172;. He wrote a fari-c called " Aii- 
droboriis," according to Coxeter. 

Hunter, Kooekt .Mkkcek Taliaferro, 
Deimic. siatesinan, b. Essex Co., Va., Apr. 21, 
18(19. U. of Va. He -tiidn-<l ut the law schoid 
at Wiiiebester, ami in 1830 In'gan practice in 
Essex Co. At the ai:v of 24 he was elected to 
the H. of Deleuaies; and was M.C. in 18.37-41 
and 1845-7; speaker in 18-39-4I. He was a 
prominent supjiorter of the annexation of T.x- 
as ; favonsi a compromise of the Oregon qm-s- 
lion ; took a leadini; |urt in favor of the retru- 
ccssiim of AKxamlria to the State of Va. ; sup- 
ported the tariff bill of 1846; originate>l the 
warehiiusin;: system ; and Oi>i>osed the Wilinoi 
Proviso. From Mix. 1847 to Mar. 1801 he w is 
a U.S. senator; took a lending |Kirt in deliate; 
void for the Clayton Compromise and tln' ex 
tension of the Mo. Compromise line to the I'a- 
cilie Ocean ; opposed the abolition of the slave- 
traile in the Dist. of Col., or any iiiterrerencc 
»i:h that institution in the States or Territo- 
ries ; voted agtiinst the admission of Cal ; and 
siipimrtiil the fu:;itivc-slave law. As cbairinan 
ol the finance com , he made an elalKiraie rcjioit 
upon the cold and silver eoinacc of tlic conn- 
irv and initiated the reduction in the value of 



HTTXN- 



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Ihe silver coins of 50 cents and less, by which 
their '^hiprocMit to forei;L'n countries was arrest- 
ed. Ill ihf presiilcntiiil canvass of 1852, Mr. 
Hunter liilivcred an address at Kieliinoiid, tra- 
cifi;; ilie liistorvof parties from the fuundatinn 
of the ^ovt.. and iir;;in;; [wwerfully ilic sound- 
ness of the States-ri'.'hts scliool. Hcadvuiated 
the Kan>ai and Nebraska Bill, and the repeal 
of the Ml), rcstrietion, and spoke aj^ainst the 
Homestead Bill ami the River and IIarlx)r Bill. 
The tariff act of 1857, by wliieh the duties were 
considerably lowered and the revenue reduced, 
was framed by Mr. Hunter. In the session of 
IS57-S he advocated the admission of Kansas 
under the Lecompton Constitution, and was a 
member of the com. of conf. which reported 
the " English bill." He delivered an oration 
at Richmond, Feb. 22, 1858, at the inau^'. of 
Crawford's statue of Washington. Jan. .31, 
186>), Mr. Hunter made in the senate an clal>- 
orate speech in defence of slavery, and of the 
ri;;ht of the slaveholder to carry bis slaves into 
the Territories. Ex|)elled in July, 1861. He 
became sec. of state to the Confederacy, and 
afterward member of the ConlVd. Coir^-ress. 

Hunter, William, LL.I)., lawyer and 
Ptate>inan, b. Newport, Nov. 26, 1774; d. there 
Dec. .3, 1849. Brown L'. 1791. Son of Ur. 
Wm.,an eii.inent phys. of Scottish birth (1729- 
77), who j:ave at Newport, ah. 1752, the first 
leitures on anatomy in N.E., if not in America. 
He studied medicine under his kinsman John 
Hiintcr in Eng., but soon reliirquisbed that pro- 
fe-ssion ; read law in the Temple ; and on his 
return lioiue, at the age of 21, was adm. to 
practice in Newport; was M.C. 1799-181 1, and 
iJ.S senator in 1811-21. His speeches on the 
a"quisition of Fla. and on the Mo. Compro- 
mise obtained for bim a very hi^ih rank as a 
statesman and as an orator. Kesumiii;; his 
pr:ic;icc at the bar, he continued it until 1834, 
when he was app. r.hurii tToffiures at Brazil, to 
u'hi h he was ministcr-plenipu. from 1842 to 
1815. 

Hunter, Willum M., capt. U. S. N. ; d. 
Fbila. .Mar. 5, 1849, a. 56. Jlidshipm. Jan. 16, 
1S1J9; lieut. Julv 21, 181-3; command. Mar. 21, 
1826; capt. Feb. 9, 18-37; a lieut. in the ac- 
tion of " The Constitution " with " The Cy- 
ane " and " Levant," Feb. 20, 1815; and pre- 
viously sailin<;-m.istcr of "The Vi.xen." 

Huntington.BEsj.vMi.v, LL.U., jurist, b. 

Nonvieh. Ct., Apr. 19, 1736 ; d. there Oct. 16, 
ISOO. Y. C. 1761. He practised law in his 
native town ; was a memtier of the Cont. Con- 
pre-s in 1780-4 and 1787-8; M C. 1789-91; 
State senator 1781-91 and 1791-3; judge of 
t!ie Superior Court of the Stiite 1 79.3-8 ; and 
m.tvor of Norwich 1784-96. — See Geneatir/i/ of 
f/.p 'Finii'dif. hfi Rrv. E. B. lIuntiiitftOH. 

Huntington, Rev. Daniel, poet, b. Nor- 
wich, Ct., Oct. 17, 1788; d. N. Lond. Mav 21, 
I«58. y. C. 1807. Son of Gen. Jedediali. 
I'astor of the Cong. Ch. at North Bridgewalcr, 
M.S., from Oct. 1812 to 1832; then unght a 
young ladies' school at N. Lond.; and in 1841 
resumed his iiasmral office at N. Briilgewatcr. 
Author of " Reli;iion," a poem, deliv. at B.U. 
Aug. .31, 1819; at Boston, 18.30; "Triumphs 
of Faith," del. Andover Sem. Sept. 21, 1830; 
and Memorial of bis dau., Mary Hallam. 



Huntington, Daniel, painter, b. New 
York. Oct. 14, 1816. Grandson of .Judge Benj., 
son of Binj., a N. Y. broker, who d. 3 Aue. 
18.50, a. 73. His ta<te for painting is said it 
have been first excited by a visit to the studio 
of Triiuibiill, who decidedly discouraged the 
young aspirant. While a student at JIain. 
Coll., NY., he received from Elliott the por- 
trait-pnintcr a strong bias for his an, and, with 
implements l»onowcd from him, took likenesses 
of Ids college-companions, and also painted 
some coniic pieces. Entering the studio of 
Frof Morse in 18.35, he produced " The B.ir- 
room Politician." "A To|jer Asleep," &c. In 
1836 he spent several months in the vicinity of 
the Hudon Highlands. In 1839 he weiit to 
Europe, and iu Florence painted " The Sybil " 
and " The Florentine Girl." Removing to 
Rome soon after, he painted "The Shepherd- 
Boy " and " Early Christian Prisoners." Re- 
turning to New York, he was long employed 
almost wholly upon portraits, his only compo- 
sitions of importance being " Mercy's Dream," 
and "Christiana and her Children," from ihe 
" Pilgrim's Progress." Compelled by inflam- 
mation of the eyes to relinquish his labors, he 
in 1844 went to liomc, whence he sent back to 
America "The Roman Penitents," "Italy," 
"The Sacred Lesson," "The Communion of 
the Sick." and some landscapes. He returned 
to New York in 1646, where he has since resided, 
e.x<ept during occasional visits to Eng. Some 
of his other works are " Lady Jane Grey and 
Feekenham iu the Tower," " Henry VIII. and 
Queen Catharine Parr," " Tlie Marys at the 
Sepulchre," " yucen Marj- signing the Death- 
Warrant of Lady Jane Grey," " The Republi- 
can Court." He recently painted in Eng. an- 
other picture of " Mercy's Dream." His col- 
oring is singularly ticiutiful ; and he excels in 
female heads and Ihose of old men. Pres. of 
the Nat. Acad, of Design since 1862. 

Huntington, Gen. Kbenezer, b. Nor- 
wich, Ct , Dec. 26, 1754; d. there June 17, 
ia34. Y.C. 1775. Son of Gen. Jal)ez. He 
leftcoll. to join the army; was made a lieut. in 
Wyllis's rcgt. ; capt. in June, 1776; afterward 
brigade maj. under Gen. Parsons, and dep. adj.. 
gen. to Heath on the Hudson River; maj. in 
Col. Webb's rcgt. in 1777 ; com. that regt. in 
R. I. in 1778; lieut.-col. June, 1778; com. a 
batt. of light troops at Yorktown ; and was a 
vol. aide to Gen. Lincoln until the close of the 
siege. He was made a gen. of State militia iu 
1792 ; was named a brig.-gen. by Washington 
in 1799, when a war with France seemed im- 
minent; and was a M.C. 1810-11 and 1817- 
19. He was also a member of the State Icgisl., 
and was one of the best disciplinarians in the 
annv. — H'lnliit^ffon Gi^naal. 

Huntington, Elisha, M. D., phvsician, 
b. T.psfield, Ms., Apr. 9, 1796 ; d. Lowell, Ms., 
Dec. 10, l!^6.5. Dartin. Coll. 1815; YaleMed. 
School, 1823. Son of Rev. Astihel, min. of 
Topsfield. He practised in Lowell with great 
success; was 8 years mayor of that city; and 
lieut.-gov. of Ms. in 18.53. He pub, inaugural 
addri'Sscs an<l a Memoir of Prof. Elisha B.irt- 
lett. M D. At one time, pres. Ms. Med. Soc-. 

Huntington, Frederic Dan, D. D 
(Amh. Co.l. 1855), clergyman and scholar, h 



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4G8 



HTTK 



Ilrt.lli'y, Ms.Mnv 28, 1819. Amli. C.ll. 1839 ; 
Cuiub. Uiv. School. 1842. (Hi* latJKT, Kev. 
Dan, d. Iladlcy, Oct. 31, 18fi4, n. 90. Y.C. 
1794. He prciichcil nt Lilcliricld, nml after- 
ward at Middlviuwn, Cl. In lt>57 lie pnli a 
Vol. of " Personal Memoirs.") Pastor of the 
SoHih Cone. Cliurcli, Uo>ton, 184-.»-Se|>t. 4, 
18jj, when he wai iiinn^'. preacher to the U., 
and I'lunimer Prof, ol C'hri>t. .Morals. For- 
merly a Unitarian, he withdrew from that liody ; 
Sept. 1859 took orders in the Ep. Cliureh, ami 
iflieiutcd in the Emanuel Church, Bo-ton. un- 
til conscc. hi-hop ol I'entral X.Y. 8 Apr. 1869. 
For the usual uliernoon preachin;; in the Coll. 
Chapel he >nl>siiiuted a service formed from 
those in use in the principal branchc-i of iha 
Christian Church, with some novel and uri;:i- 
nal additions. He has conirib. to the various 
ini-cellanies and review.-, of the dat ; has puli. 
many sermons and addresses; also a vol. of 
" Sermons for the People," which reached 6 
editions; " Sermons on Christian Living and 
Bclicvin;;," I860; a vol. ol lectures delivered 
hel'ore the Institutes of Brooklyn and Lowell, 
on " Human Society," 8vo, 186(3 ; " Lessons on 
the Parables." In Jan. 1861 he established with 
1)1. (i. .M. Kanilall the fhurrh Monllili/. 

Huntington, GliN. J.iBliZ, b. Norwich, 
Cl. An-. 7, 1719; d. there Oct. 5, 1786. Y.C. 
1741. Enga^'in;; in the W. India trade, he 
amassed an ample fortune. From 17.10 he was 
often a meinber of the le);isl., frequently pre- 
siding.; over ihiic body, anil also a menilier of 
the council. He owned a large anujunt of 
shijipin;; at the l>e;^inniu^ of the Itevol. ; was 
active on the com. of safety durin;,' the war ; 
and from Sept. 1776 inaj.-j;cn. of the Slate 
tnilitia. His fireat exertions in the cause, and 
hi> heavy losses, impaired his physical and 
mental powers ; and in 1779 he resinned all his 
employments. < )f his 5 sons, Jedediah bccMme 
a bri^.-jren., Andrew a commissary, and Joshua 
aiil I'.lKMKzcr cols., in the Continental nriuv. — 

Huntington, Jabi^z Williams, jurist and 
scn.itor, b. Norwich, Ct., Nov. 8, 1788 ; d. Nov. 
I, 1847. Y.C. 1806. Son of Gen. Zachariah. 
He practised law in Li;ehlielil ; was a member 
of the Assembly in 1829 ; M.C. 1829-34, when 
he removed to Norwich, and became a judge 
of the Sujierior Court and of the Court of 
Errors; L .S. senator from 1840 to his dcaili. 

Huntington, litN.JiiDEDi All, b.Nonvich, 

Cl., Au^'. 4, 174.): d. N. l>ondon, Sept. 2.'), 
1818. H.U. 176:1 Son of Jalvz. Engaged 
with his father in commercial pursuits. An ac- 
tive Son of Liberty, and capt. of militia ; pro- 
moted to com. of a rcgt. ; joined the army at 
Cumbridge, Apr. 26, 1775; aided to repulse 
till- British nt Danbury in Apr. 1776; made 
brig. gen. May 12. 1777 ; joimil the main ar- 
my ne.ir Pliila. in .Sept ; in May, 1778, ordeied 
III the Hudson Uiver. In the court-martial 
which tried Ix-e lor niiscondiicc at Monmouth, 
and in the court to try Maj. Andre. At ihc 
i-lo^o of the war, brev. maj.-gen. Kisiiming 
business, he was suceessivcly sheriff of the Co., 
Slate trcas., delegate to the con v. to ixlopt the 
Federal Const. ; opp. coll. of customs at N. Lon- 
don (1789), which office he retained during 4 
udministiaiions. His tirst wile was F.iith, dau. 



of Gov. Trnrnbnll. He was one of llie first 
Board nf F.jrei::n .Missj.ins, and a zealous sup- 
|K)rier of eliariiable iiisiitiiiions. 

HuntiQgton,-lKiiKtiiAii Vincent (bro. of 
Daniel), author,!.. NY. Citv,. Jan. 20. 181.5; d. 
Pau, Southern France, .Mar. in, ISC,-.'. X.Y. 
U 1S.35. M.U (U.of Pa.) 1838. He devoid 
himself to literature ; was for a time prof, of 
ment.il philos. in St. Paul's Coll., near Kliisli- 
ing, L.I. ; was ord. in the Prut -Epis. Church 
in 1841 ; and was pastor of a rhunh in Mid- 
dlebnry, Vi. The years 1846-9 were »|ient in 
Europe. He pub. a vol. of |>oenis in 1842; 
"Lndv Alice, a novel, 1849; "Albaii," a 
novel'; "The Fore.st." 8vo, N. Y., 18.V» ; " Rose- 
mary," a novel, I860; some |>oenis ; edited the 
Metioiwlitan Miu). at Baltimore, and afterward 
the l.raiUr at St. Louis. He went to France 
in 1861. In 1849 he joine.l ilie It.C. Church. 

Huntington, .losEiMi, D l). (l).c. i78o), 

minister of Coventry, Ct., June 29, 1763, to his 
d., Dec. 25, 1 794 ; h^ May 5, 1 735. Y.C. 1 762. 
Bro. of Gov. Samuel. Author of " Calvinism 
Improved," pub. 1796; also' .some sermons 
and theol. treatises. He inculcated the doc- 
trine of universal salvation. 

Huntington, Josiica, minister of Boston 
from .Mav IS, l!*()8. lo his d.. at Groton, Ct., 
Sipt. \\'. 1819; b. 31 Jan. 1786. Y.C. 1804. 
Son ofGen. Jeilediah. Authorof " Lifeof Abi- 
gail Waters," 1817. His wife, Sdsan MaXS- 
riELD(b. 1781.d. 1823), wrote the siory "Little 
Lucy." Her Memoirs, with I.K?tters, Journal, 
and Poetry, were pub. bv B. B. Wisner, 1829. 
— H.r<i'mll,i. 

Huntington, Samukl, LL. D. (Y. C. 

1787), signer of the Decl. of Indep , h. Wind- 
liam, Ct., July 3, 1731 ; d. Norwich. Jan. 5. 
1796. He learned ihe cooler's iraile ; devoted 
his leisure to study ; settled as a lawyer in 
Norwich in 1758; and in 1761 m. Mariha, 
dau. of Kev. Ehcnczer Devotion. He lK?camo 
a member of the Assembly in 1764; .Stale atty. 
in 1765; memlier of the Council 1773; mem- 
ber of the Old Congress from Jan. 16, 1776, to 
Nov. 4. 178-3; pres. of that lM>ily from Sept. 
28, 1779, to July 6. 1781 ; judge'of the Supe- 
rior Court of Ci. 1774-84; chief justice 1784; 
lieiit.-goy. 1785; gov. 1786-96. 

Huntington. SAMi-tL, gov. of Ohio I80»- 

10, b. Coveiitiv. Cl.. tict. 4, 1765; d. Paines- 
ville, O., June's. 1817. Y.C. 1785. Son of 
Hcv. Joseph. Was educated by Lis uncle. 
Gov. Samuel. Adin. to the bar in 1793; re- 
moved in 1800 to Ohio, and settled nearPaines- 
ville. He was a judge of C.C.P. 1802-3; 
meinlH-r of ihe convention that framed the con- 
stitution of the Slate in 1802 ; a senator in \13 
tirst legisl., and chosen s|>eaker ; n judge of the 
Su|a-rior Ouri, app. Apr. 2, I'-OS ; after- 
waril chief justice ; member of the legisl. 181 1- 
12; dist. pavnir. in the war uf 1812-14 (rank 
of col). 

HuntOn, Jokatmah G., gov. of Me. 
18.30-1, b. Lnitv, N.H., 1781; d. F'airfield, 
Me, Oct. 14. 1851. 

Hurd, Nathaniel, an early engraver of 
Boston, b. Feb. 13, 17.10; d. Dec.l7. '77. His 
grandfather came from England, and settled in 
Charlestown, where he d. in 1749, a. 70. In 
senl-cutting and die-engraving .Mr. Hurd was 



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considered superior to a:iy one in tlie Colonies. 
To a superior mode of execution he added an 
Hogarlliian talent of cbaraeter and humor. 
Among his en^ravinjjs is a deseriptive repre- 
sentation of liud=on. a swindler and forger, 
standing in the pillory, the likenes.-ies of some 
well-known charaeters heing introdueed among 
the spectators, lie was prol)ably tlie first to 
engrave on copper in the U.S. ; a miniature 
likeness ot Uev. Or. Sewall, engraved by him 
in 1704, lieing extant. He engraved the seal 
of II.U. — -V. A', itai. iii. 1. 

Hurlbut, SrKfiiEN Augustus, lawyer 
and Soldier, b. Charleston, S.C., Mar. 24, 1815. 
He studied and practised law in Charleston 
until the bieaking-out of the Florida war, in 
which he served as adj. in a S.C. regt. In 
1S45 he went to 111., and settled in practice at 
Belvidcre. Member of the 111. Const. Conv. 
of 1847, and several times represented Boone 
Co. in the legisl. ; app. brig.-gen. of vols. 17 
May, ISGl, and com. at Fort Donelson after* 
iij capture. U'hen Gen. Grant's army moved 
up tlie ienn. Iliver, he com. the 4th division; 
took part in tlie battle of Shiloh; was after- 
ward stationed at -Memphis ; and after the 
bitue of Corinth, in Oct. 1S62, pursued and 
eiigaged the dcleaied Confederates; maj.-gen. 
Scjit. 17, 1862. In Sept. 18ti'3, he com. at 
MjinpUis ; com. a corps under Sherman in the 
e.Kped. to Meridian in Feb. 1864; and suc- 
ceeded lianks in com. of the ilept. of the Gull ; 
minister to Coloinliia since IS69. 

Hurlbut, William Hesrt, writer, b. 
Char.cstou, S.C, July 3,- 1827. H.U. 1847. 
Author of" Gan Eden, or Pictures of Cuba," 
12mu, 1854; "Gen. McClellan and the Con- 
duct of the War," 12mo, 1864. Has contrib. 
lar.;oiy to American and foreign periodicals ; 
ed. A'. 1'. llo,/(/. 

Husbands, Herman, insurgent, b. Pa. ; 
d. near Phila. Mar. 1795. Removing to Orange 
Co., X.C., he became a member of the legisl., 
and leader of the Regulators, a party which 
\. as organized in 1768 lor the forcible redress 
oi piiblic grievances. He pub. in 1770 a full 
account of the rise of the troubles. A battle 
took plaie, May 16, 1771, between Gov. Tryon 
with 1,100 men and 2,000 Regulators, on the 
banks of the Allamance, in which the latter 
were defeated. Husbands escaped to Pa, 
where in 1778 he was a member of the legisl., 
and was concerned in the Whiskey Insurrection 
in 1794; and wasassoc. with Gallatin, Brack- 
inridgc, and others as a com. of salciy. After 
a short iinpnsonmcnt in Phila., lie set out on 
Ills return home, but died on the way. He 
w.is originally a member of the Society of 
Friends, and was versed in theological lore. 

Huske, EllI3, councillor of N.H. 1733- 
55; d. 1755. Bro. of Gen. Huske, disting. at 
IJettingen and Culloden. Postinasterof Boston 
17.'i4 ; superseded in the office of dcp. posimr.- 
y.eM. of the Colonies by Franklin and Hunter 
1753. I'nl). the Huston WeiHi/ Po.il-Bui/ ivom 
Oct. I7V1 to 1755. Supposed unihor of " The 
Present Slate of X. America," Lond. 1755. 
Alary, his wile, d. 8 Mar. 1746, a. 40. He re- 
sided in Portsmouth. N.H., previous to 1734. 

Huske, John, son of the ineredin;;, li. 
Poitsiuuuth, N.H., ab. 1721; d. Eiig. 1773. 



EiUic.ued in Boston, and bred a merchant, ha 
became in 1 764 a member of the British parlia 
meat from .Maiden, Essex; and was re-elecred 
to the succeeding parliament. For his share in 
bringing about the Stamp Act, his effigy was 
hung with Greiiville's in the Liberty Tree, 
Boston, 1 Xov. 1765. A letter from Joseph 
Reed thus describes him : " Huske, a flashy, 
superficial fellow, by stock-jobbing, andserviiitv 
to the Towushend family, raised himself IVom 
poverty and obscurity to a se.it in parliament. 
The first use he made of it was to injure his 
country by proposing to raise .£500,000 per 
annum by taxing the Colonies. Having dis- 
obliged his old jiatron Charles Townshend, and 
the ministry not needing his vote (though 
adopting his plan, taking no notice of him), 
he tacked about, and endeavored to ward olf 
the stroke; but it was then too late: and they 
laughed at him." 

Hutchins, Thomas, geographer, b. Moq- 
muutli Co., X. J., ab. 1730 ; d. Pittsburg, Apr. 
28, 1789. Before he was 16, he went West; 
entered the service as ensign ; afterward be- 
came payni., and capt. 60th ( Roy. Amer.) regt. ; 
was assist, engineer in Bouquet's cxpeu. ; and 
was disting. in a campaign against tlie Indians 
in Fla. He was in Lond. at the opening of the 
Revol. war; and his zeal in the cause of his 
country induced him to refuse some excellent 
ott'ers there. Suspected of holding a corresp. 
with Franklin, then in France, he was in 1779 
thrown into a dungeon, and lost in one day 
£12,000. After 6 weeks' confinement, he was 
examined and liberated. He went to France ; 
thence to Charlesion, S.C, where he joined 
Gen'. Greene ; and was made geogra|iher-geii- 
eral. He pub. " A Topographical Uescripiioa 
of Va., Ph., Md., and Carolina, with Majis," 
Lond. 1778; "An Historical and Topog. De- 
scription of La., West Fla., and Phila.," 1784. 
Dr. Morse was much indebted to him in the 
compilation of his gazetteer. He furnished the 
m.ipsuud plates lor the " Account of Bouquets 
Exped. against the Oiiio Indians," written by 
William Smith, D.D.,ofPhila., and pub. Lond. 
1766. He wrote 3 papers for the Phila. Trans. 
1775, '76, and '83, and a paper in Trans. Amer. 
Soc. ii. 50. 

Hutchinson, Anxe, founder of the An- 
tinoiuian party in N.E., b. at Alford, Lincoln- 
shire, Eiig., in 1591; bap. July 20 ; d. West- 
chester Co., X.V., Aug. 1643. Dau. of Rev. 
Francis Marbury, who was rector of St. Manin 
Vintiy and other London parishes. Her mother 
was Bridget l)ryden,gr.-annt of the celebrated 
poet, John Diydcii. Was interested in the 
preaching of John Cotton, and her relative 
John Wheelwright, and, desirous of cnjoving 
the ministry of the Ibrraer, came to Boston, 
Sept. 18, 16.34 ; was adm. a nicmber of the 
church, Nov. 2 ; and soon acquired esteem and 
influence. She instituted meetings of the wo- 
men of the church to diseuss sermons and doc- 
trines, in which she displayed great familiarity 
with Scripture, but made enemies by her in- 
novating theories. Two years after her arrival, 
the strile between her supporters and opponents 
broke out into public action. " The dispute," 
says Bancroft, ' infuseil its spirit into every 
thing; it interfered with the levy of troops for 



IIU'I' 



470 



rrvx) 



llic Poqiiot Wur ; it influence I ttitf r.-^ii-ci 
■lionii lo the mii);i!itriitc,4, the illstrilnitiun uf 
towii'luts, tlic asiK-ssment of luxe* ; nml m lii«t 
tlic ciMltimicil exi-tHMice of tlio two opiiosin;;; 
pnriiiH wiw i-onsiilTccI in oiisisiunt with the 
piililir|iciice." Hit |Kfiilinr tfiieU weiv iiiniinj: 
the C'J o|iinionsconiKiiiiu(l b_v thceii'li'S. synoil 
at Newtown, Ahl'SO. 16.17 ; '«nil in Nov., after 
2 liiiys' trial Iwloiv the Glmi. Court., >lie wa< 
sentinciil, with some of her nssociiiles, to hiin- 
j>hiiieni. She joined her friends, who, under 
John Cliiikc and t'oildincton, settled in IM. 
After the death of her husband, in IG42, she 
Willi her eliildren moved into the territory of 
the Diiieh ; and is supposed to have settled near 
Ilell Gate, Westchester Co., N.Y. niiriiii;an 
invasion of the settlement liy the Indians, her 
house was attacked and lired ; and hers^'lf and 
family, exccpiing one child wlto was carried 
captive, peri-hed. 

Hutchinson, Israel, col. Revol. armv, 
I.. Daiiv.r-. .Ms., ITJ*; d. there Mar. 16. isfl. 
He served in 1757-9 at Tiomdero^ia and Lake 
Ge»r;;e, and com. ft company at the luittlc of 
the Plains of Ahraham. lie com. a company 
in the r..exin^ton battle; was lieut.-colof Mans- 
field's rest, in 1775 ; com. the 27th re;;!, at the 
8ie<;e of Boston and in the campaign of I77t> ; 
and was with Washington in his retreat 
through the Jerseys. 

Hutchinson, J.vMEs, M n (Phila. Coll.), 

plHM.ian, b. Wakefield, Pa., Jan. 29. 17.52; 
d. VhiUi. Sept. 6, 179:$. He finished his ineil. 
studies at Ixtnd. under Dr. P'other;;!!!. In 
1774 the trustees of Pliila. Coll. presenteil him 
with a gold medal for his superior knowleilge 
in chemistry. Warmly espousing the cause 
of his country, ho returned homo by way of 
France with important despatches from Dr. 
Franklin to Congress; joined the army soon 
after he arrived ; and served as a stirgi-on and 
physician during the whole war. Trnsiec of 
the U. of Pa. from 1779 till his death ; was 
several years sec. of the Philos. Soc. ; was 

trof. of materia mcdiea and chemistry in the 
'. of Pa. in 1789-91, when he was' elettid 
fuof. of chemistry. For many years, and until 
lis death, ho was physician of the port, and 
one of the physicians of the I'a. Huspitnl. — 

Hutchinson, Thomas, gov. of Ms., b. 
Boston, Sept. 9, 1711; d. Brompton, near I.,on- 
don, Jnne3, 17S0. II. U. 1727. SonofThos., 
a wealthy and lilicral merchant of Boston 
(I675-I7.i9), and Sanih,dau.of Col. John Fos- 
ter. After engaging without success in coin- 
inerec, be stuilied law, and as agent of Boston 
visited London on important business, dischar- 
ging the duty with great success, llepresented 
Boston ill the General Court 10 years, .1 years 
as s|ieakiT ; iK-canie judge of probate in 1752 ; 
was a councillor 1749-66 ; lieut.-gov. 175!>-71; 
and was app. chief justice in 1760. holding 4 
high olBces at the same time. In I74S, the |m- 
jx-r currency of the Colony having ile|)re<inted 
to alHiut an eighth of its original value, Hutch- 
inson projceteil.nnd carried lhroii',:h the licinse. 
a bill alHilisbing it, and siiloiiiiitin'^ gold ami 
silver. This measure, though sound and Wni- 
flcial, proinirol him many enemies Huichin- 
son's mansion was twice altiicki-d in conse- 



quence of a n')>ori that he hail written lellcr^ in 
favor of iho Stamp Act; and on the second i>tf 
casion (Aug 26) hi* house was siicked, •lietiir- 
niturc burned in the street, and many MSS 
relating to the history of the province, which h« 
had lieen 30 years eolliTiing, and which could 
not bo ri'placed, were lost. He receivetl coin- 
|>cnsaiiou for his lo-ses. In 1767 the house and 
couii.'il resisted his rlaiin to a seat in tho lailer 
iMxIy, and he abandoned it. When, in 1769, 
Gi>v. BenianI was transferred to Va., the govt. 
of Ms. fell to llutcliiiisiin. The popular ex- 
citcinciit had been increased by the arrival of 
British troops; and after the " massacre" of 
March 5, 1770, a com of citizens, hcailetl by 
Samuel Adams, fon-ed him to conM'Ut to the 
rumoval of tho troops. Commissioned gov. ia 
March, 1771. Ho was coniinnally in contro- 
versy with the Assembly and Council. Among 
the subjects of dispnie were the provision made 
for his sup|M>rt by the crown, which paiil him n 
'salary of £l,&0o', and a similar provision for 
the judges. His speei'h> Jan. 6, 177.3. asserting 
the supremacy of parliament, provoked a dis- 
cussion by the council and lK>iise, eliciting able 
replies from Bowdoin and Samuel Adams, and 
did no injury to the iMtriot cause. In 1772, Ur. 
Franklin, then in li<iiidon, procured some of 
his confidential letters, which were sent to Bos- 
ton. They proved that ho had been for years 
opposing every part of the colonial constitu- 
tion, and urging measures to enlorco the »u- 
|ireuiucy ol parliament ; and the ivsull was a 
|K'tition to the king lor his removal. The last 
of his public dilKcultics was the resistance of 
the citizens lo tho tea-tax, resulting in the tea 
then in the harbor iK'iiig thrown overlxi.ird by 
citizens in the disguise of Inillaiis, Dec. 14, 
177'). Having obtained his Majesty's l.-ave to 
go to England, he sailed •Tunc I, 1774; and, 
alter an investigation by the privy council, ho 
was rewarded with a pension. He pub the lol- 
lowing valuable works : " llistorv of tlie Colony 
of Ms. Bav from the First S>'ttlemcnt thereof, 
in 1628, until the Year 1750," 2 rols. 1764-7 ; 
a " Brief State of the Claim of the Colonies," 
1764; anil a ■'Collection of Original Pa|aT» 
n'lalive to the Hisiorv of the Colonv ol .Ms. 
Bay," 1769. He left in MS. a .Id vol. of his 
history from 1749 to 1774. which was pub. by 
his giands.m. Rev. John Hutchinson ot Trent- 
ham, KiiL'.. Lonil. IHJ-*. 

Hutton, JosEIMI, of PhiU. (1787-1828), 
author of " PtK-ms." — Allilonr. 

Hyde, Alv»n, d d., ll I) (n.c. 1812), 

clergvman, b. Franklin, Ct., Feb 2, 1768; d. 
Ix!c, Ms., Dec. 4, \».Vi. DC. 1788. He spent 
nearly a year teaching at North.irapton ; siu^l- 
ied thi-ology ; was, ,Iune 6. 1792. ord. pastor of 
the cliurch in l.*c, whci-c ho |>as»ed tho re- 
mainder of his life. During .11 vcars he was 
a memlier of the coqioration, ami for 21 years 
vice-pros, of Wins. Coll. He pub. a nuinlier 
of sermons. He was one of the ablest ami most 
successful ministers of liisdav. A-Meinoirof 
him was pub. Host. 18.15. by liis half-bro , Uev. 
Lavii-8 lIvtiE (1789-1865), literary executor 
and liio..'raplier of ilie fioct Wilcox. 

Hyde, Ku»v»iit>, gov. N. C. 1712 to his d. 
Sept 8. 1712. Sent out in 1711 as lieut.-gov , 
he found the Colony in confusion from tbecoti 



471 



ING- 



aictins .kims of Glov-.r anJ Carv to the chief 
,„'.ns7r.cv. Bv the ai.l of Gov. Spotsvvood uf 
Va' Gary's armed resistanec was put down and 
n„iet restored. An Imlian war having been 
Sci^un by a ,n«8sa-re of the setters <"' . «o^ 
anokc and Chowan, Sept. 1 \ . > ' !■ f;,"^^^ "■ = 
called out the militia, and detcated iheni « h 
great slaughter in the followiiis; year. In he 
^nmer the rava.^es of yellow-fever were ad, d 
to the honor, of war ; and the j/ov. fell a vit- 

""TTvde "n'vncy Maria, teacher, b. Norwich, 
Ct AW.'-'l' 1-92; <i. there Mar 2S, 18 G. 
She excelled in painting and embroidery. ier 
writings, with Memoir by her tr.end Mi>b Hunt- 
lev -.rterward Mrs. Si),'OU™ey. were pnl). 1816. 
Iberville (de-brM'-vel'), I'ikhre I-emoine 
„',!ns^i,' seaman, father of the Coh.nv of 
Lou s.ana, h. Montreal, July 20, 1661; d Ha- 
vana lulv 9 1 "06. He was one of 7 brothers, 
who were all active in Canadian affairs. He 
went early to sea; was a disting. vol. in the mid 
„Hua taekon Schenectady; commanded the 
expel which recovered Fort NelMm trom the 
13rltish(16S6); successfully invaded Newfonnd- 
1 md • and was a victorin naval contests ( ibai | 
i'„ Hudson', Bav. In 169* hewascotnmissioned 
l,v the French "Govt, to explore the '"""'h "' 
the Mpi.. and to erect a fort near it. W it i 4 
vc se ' and ab. 200 settlers, he Ictt Roehelort 
Oct r- 1G98, and Feb. 2, 1699, arrived at the 
Island :>( Mas.acre.near Mobile. Accompanied 
bv his l.ro dc Bienville and 43 men in 2 bar^'es, 
and provisions for 15 days, he entered the Mpi. 
Mo-'' ascended to the village of Bavagonlas, 
and afs'o visited the Oriraas. Returning to the 
Bav of Biloxi, Iberville erectcn a tort as a tes- 
il,nony of French jurisdiction, ''- "'•';•" «fjf 
which be gave to bis two l>'-'-^-' S»"\'>' ^ ""^ 
Rienville This fort was soon after transtenctt 
^'tlie western bank of the Mobile River te 
fir=t European settlement in Ala. He sailed 
for France, but returned when the French s>^^- 
prcmacy of the Mpi. was ""'Ix-'Sere' '-y tl"^ 
K„..li,h. In 1 TOO he ascended the Mpi. as tar 
is The country of the Natche. while his bro 
explored Western La. Iberville al.so built for- 

Xtions on the I^'""'! "f ""^rrh've'llnv 
named Danphine Islaml. Attacked by ye I w- 
fever he escaped with broken he. 1th. It^ 1 .06, 
in com. of 3 vessels, he captured the Lnglish 

I-hind of Sevis. „ 

Imlav, Gilbert, capt.Revol. army, lie 

,.uT, •• topog. Description of the Western 
'iV 'r. of N A.," 8V0, Loud. 1792 ; the same, 
w.tl Supplement by J. Filson 2 vo s. N. Y. 
K'j" ; " The Emigrants," a novel, 3 vols. 12mo, 

' ingaUs, RcFCS, brcv. maj.-gen U S.A., b. 
ll.T;,,,r,rk Me Aug. 2.'), 1820. West Point, 
I«4? Entering the Rifles, he »y..s transferred 
to tlie 1st Dragoons in 1845; disting. himself 
tie battles of Embudo and Taos. N. Mexico 
847; lK.came 1st lieut. 16 Feb. 1847; ass.st 
quarterma-ter (rank of capt.) dan. 12 1848 
Jerved in Cal. and Oregon ; was in Col. Stcp- 
me'rcxped. across the c<mtinent; and from 
ir.6 to 860 was stationed at tort Vancouver 
he n- on the staff of Gen. Harney at the time 
of ?he San Juan alTair. In Apr. 1 86 he was 
«„twith Col. Brown lo re-enforce Fort I'.ckens; 



and in .Inlv was ordered to duty with the Army 
of the Fotbmac. He was app. ...de-de-cami. to 
McClellan (r.ank of lient.-col.) 28 ^'-'i;'- = "'^'J«' 
in the quartermaster's dept. 12 Jm. \»>- ; was 
ehief quartermaster in the Army of the Poto- 
mac 1862-5; brig. gen. vols. 2.1 May, 863, 
col. and assist, qnarterin.-gcn. July 2J, I8bb, 
present at the battles of South Mou"m>>'. An- 
ietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville Gre^ 
tvslmr- and subsequent battles, to surrender of 
'■.e ■ In-'evs. of col., brig.-gcn., and maj.-gcn. for 
merit, services in the Rebellion 13 Mar. I860 

"ingalls. Wn....AM, M D. (H.U. I8OI ),long 
an .Mimient phvsician of Boston, prot. ol anat- 
onv i.i 15row,.-U.,b. Xewbn.yport, Ms 3 Mav, 
K69 • d. Wreutbam, Ms., .Sept. 8 IS.'-l. H.U. 
1790 His ancestor, Edmund of Lynn, came 
from Li.ic.lusliire, Eiig., in_1629. He pub. 
"Malignant Fever," &c., 1847. _ 

IngerSOll, Cmari.ks Antiiost jmlge, b. 
New liavcn, Ct., 1798; d. there 1-eb 9 1860. 
He studied ill the office of bis brother Ralph J. ; 
"ttained high repute at the bar; held sevcra 
offices of honor in the State '''"l.'l;''"?" ^p^"^ 
was app. judge U.S. Dist. Court of Ct. bj Pres. 

^'inEersoU, Charles .Tared, statesman, 
,awJ!=?^and a'nthor. Son of .Judge Jared b 
Phila. Ot. 3, 1782; d. there May 14, 1862 
After finishing his collegiate cour.se, he studied 
law and was ailm. to practice l^etore be «:'» -''• 
He then travelled in Europe, and was ■"'^J';'":^ 
to the American embassy to France M.C. in 
181.3-14 and in 1841-7, serving as chairman ot 
;,!ecom. of foreign affairs; U S. dist. atty. or 
Pa. from 181.i until removed by Gen. J.icson 
in 1829, shortly alter which he vyas elected to 
the Pi Ic'isl. Member of the Canal antl In- 
ternal Imirrovcmcnt Convention at Harnsbnrg 
n 825, ind of the Reform Convention there 
in 1837 and in Phila. in 1838: ap].. sec. of 
le- tion to Prussia in 1837. In 1847 he was 
mTininaied bv Mr. Polk as U.S. minister to 
France hut was not confirmed by the senate. 
Ai'thorof •' Chiomara." a poem, 1800 ; Kdwy 
and Elgiva," a tragedy, 1801 ; ".lucloqiun t le 
Jesuit's Letters," 1810; " Historical Sketch 
the Second War between the U.S. and Great 
Britain," 4 vols. 8vo. 1845-52 ;" Rights .uu; 
Wion<'s Power and Policy, of the _U S. m 
defence of Jefferson's commercial policy, 180i; 
and "Julian," a dramatic poem, IhJl , U>>- 
course bef the Soc. for the Coinmemo. of the 
Landing of Wm. Penn," 1825. He was at the 
Itllll o? bis .leaih preparing- A Historj,^ of 
the Territorial Acquisitions of the U.S. 
^Ser80ll,.TARED,LU.D(N.T.Coll.l82,). 
lawver b. Ct. 1749; d. Pliila. Oct. 31, 18-2. 
Y (5 1766 His father, agent for the Colony 
in lin-. 1757 (app. in 1765 stampmaster-gen 
for N E under the obnoxious Stamp Act), 

L.mdon, and the son of a loyalist, h'- ^- I«"'ea 
the cause of the Colonies in the licvol in 



1>TC3- 



rxix 



Pnrii, wIktc he mnnined 18 mciiiihs, he inailc 
ihe ac<]iinininiie(' nr Dr. Kninklin. Kitiirnini; 
home, lie |>nsiM.il the rciniiimler uf lili life in 
I'hiUi., whero he wait itmininetii rs a liivvrer, 
Meiiilier of the Olil C<>ii;;rc-!i in ITWt-l'; a 
rv|>rnte:itAiive in the lonveniiun whieh fnimed 
the U. S C'linKiiliition in I7S7 ; twice ntty.-Ken. 
of the Sliite; U.S. ilist. ally, for I'a. ; ami re- 
ceiveil nnil (leelimil the n|)|>. of ehief juil)^' of 
the Ke-lernl Conrt. lie wa, in 1 81 2 the Federal 
candidate for vice-pri'.s. of the U.S. ; |>res jiid;^ 
of the Dist. Court ol I'liila. Co. ut the lime of 
lii'< death; anihor of a rare |Niin)ihlel on the 
Stain|i Ael, X. ITiven, 4ln, ITGfi. 

In(jerBoll,ios.vTii.iN. LL.l). (V.c I8i7). 

iin eminent l.iwverof N. Haven, h. Itid>;cfield, 
Ci., i:4'i; d Jan. 12. 1821. Y.C. 176G. Son 
of llev. Jiinailian. lie luM inanv pnMic Iruists; 
w.is a jiiil^e in UU-i-ISU, ami iient.-p>v. in 
1(*16. lli-i .Ian. Grace lu. I'etcr Urcllci, and 
U. I'aris 1816. 

IngersoU, .I.>8i:pii Rkei>, LI..D., D.C L. 

|0.\i>ii.),..iI^ilcMnan and la«vcr. SoiiofJared, 
h. I'hila. June 14, 17.^li; d. Phihi Fcl). 20, 
1868. N.J. Coll. 1804. He .Miidied law, and 
iiractiscil extensively in Phila. for many years. 
In 18119 he |inb. a Iranslaiion Iroin the Lniin 
ot K<HTils's tracts /> Xiirihiis rl .Vnii/o and Or 
J.iw.iiii/i./ne. M.C. 18.)5-7 and in 1842-0, 
and an atlvocate of the doeirinc of pro:ceiion ; 
minister to Kn;:land in I8M)-.'); author of u 
Memoir of Sarnl. Ure.k, 8vo, 18IV1. Karly in 
the Kelielliini he puh. a pamphlet entitled 
■• Swe-'sion a Fully and a Crime." Kdumbd, 
tliird liro. ot the alx)vc, wrote poems on the 
tiracit, entitled " lloniee in I'hila.," which ap- 
jieared in the Pwi/u/in; and coinrib. political 
nrticleji to \Vi.ish'.< Guzrllf ; aUo author of the 
" History and Law of Haheas Corpus." 8vo, 
1859; " Addi«on on Contracts, with Notes," 
8vo, 18.i7 ; " Digest of Laws of the U.S., 1789- 
1320," 8v.., 1821. 

Ingham, CitAitLr.'* C, (lortrail-paiiiler, b. 
Dnbliii. IT'.IT; d. .New York. 10 Dec. 1863. 
lie eainu to the U.S. in 1817, having; studied 4 
years in his native riiy, anil won a premium 
iVom the Dnbli:i Academy. He wi:li his hro. 
stooil lor many year* in the first rank of por- 
trait-iiiiinters. I'lis "Death of Cleopatra at 
once !,'ave him extensive notorieiy and husiness. 
lie was a founder of the National Acad., and 
many years its vice-pres. Ucsides a );reat nnin- 
Kr of portraits of the reii,'nin); heaniies of his 
day in New York, his " Flower-Girl." "Day- 
Divain." and " Portrait of a Child," arc mxid 
6|x"eiiiiens of his style and manner. — Tuckrr- 
i/iaa. 

Ingham, S.vmfkl l)., politician, b. Bucks 
Co, Pa, Sept. 16. 1773; d. Trenton, N.J.. 
'line 5, I8fiii. (If CjuaKer pareniap.'. lie was 
nroii;:ht up a paper-maker, and, until dniHU 
into |Hilities. w.|.< a siii-cessful manuf in Kaston, 
N.J. He s<'rvcd :) yenrsin the Pa. letfisl. ; was 
n proihiiiioiary ; .M.C. 18|.)-18 and 1822-9; 
»je. uf the U.S. treasury 182y-.ll. 

IngliS, CiiJiiiLKS. 1).!)., Pr.-Kp. bishop of 
NovaSciiiia: d. Hahfax, Fcti. 24. '16,«.S2. He 
was assistant rector ln>m 1764 to the Kevol , 
aii<l Irom 1777 to l78.3n'ctor,of Trinity Church, 
N.Y. After the loyalist Ualloway' went to 
Eiij;., Dr. lnj:lis was his com's;>. ; and his let- 



ters evince no little harshni'ss lowauls tJio 
fomenters of the relK'llion. He went to N.S. 
at the pi'iice; was consec. bishop in 1788; mid 
in 1809 liecamc a meiiilK-rof the council. He 
[lub. an answer to Paim 's " Common Sen«e," 
in Feb. 1776, which made him obnoxious to 
the patriois. who coiilisc his estate. His son 
John was made bisln'p of N.S., and n nirinUr 
of the roniicil in 182J, and d, in I^md. in 
Nov. 1850. His ^rand.son, Uen. SirJ. Hard- 
ley Wilinot ln;:lis, tlie liervic defender of Luck- 
now, d. Cerin.inv, 1862. 

Inelis, J.im'es, D D. (N.J. Coll. isil), 

b. Pliila. 1777; d. Mm l.'>, 1820. Col. Coll. 
17'Jj. Ord. Apr. 1802. Pastor First Pie»b. 
Church, Baltimore, and an cl<K|iient preacher. 
A vol. of bis seriniins was piih. soon after his 
deaili. also a vol of his poems. — Siiniijnt. 

lugraham, Dusc.ix Natiiamei., capt. 

U.S.N.. b. t'liaileston, S.C, Dec 6, 18n2; d. 
there June 10, 1863. Miilshipinan Jane 18, 
1812; licut. Apr. 1, 1SI8; commander May 24, 
18.38 ; capt. Sept. 14, I8J5. Nathaniel,' his 
father, was a friend of Paul Jones, and w.is in 
the Ill-lion with the British frij^te " Seropis." 
His uncle Capt. Joseph, U.S.N., was lost at sen 
in the U.S. ship " Piekerin);." His rou-in 
William, a lieut. in the navy, was killed at the 
aye of 20. Ciipt Iii);raliaiii ni. Harriet 11., 
(irand-daii. of Henry Laurens. His Miziire of 
.Mariin Kosiza, an Aincr. citizen, Iroiii the 
Austrian bri;,-ol>var " Hn«sar," at Smynia, 
July 2, 1851, ;;ave rise to an elalM>ratc diseus- 
sion at \Vasliiii;,'ion lietween M. Hulseinan, iho 
Austrian rhnoii irairuirrs, and ,\lr. .Marey. nc-c. 
of Stale. Conjri'ss, by joint ri'solution, An^. 
4, 1854, requested the Pres. to present u luolal 
to him liir his comliict on this occasion. In 
Mar. 1856 he w.is app. chief ol the buniiu of 
onlnam e and hyiliivrapliv ; which position ho 
resi,;iicd Feb. 4, 1861, unil was made chief of 
urdiianee, consiruetiun, and repair in the Con- 
feil navy. 

Ingraham, Edward D., lawyer of Phila , 
d. I8.'i4. .1. ab. 60. He pub. " lirsu:veiit Law 
of I'a.," 8vo, 1827; " liow on Partnership," 
with notes, 8vo, 1837-15; " Vaitei's Law of 
Nations." 8vo, 1852 ; " Enjilish ICeclc-iaslical 
l{c|K>rts," 1809-35,7 vols. He was a lover and 
colleetor of rare and curious liooks. — .Ser So- 
tier in /V/jior. AVr. xxv. 77. 

Ingraham, Ui.v. Josf.i-h h., author, b. 

P<irilaiid, .Me., 1809 : d. nb. 1866, at ilie .Suiitli. 
Aiiaiidoniii'.' nicrciiniile pirrsuits. he U-came a 
teacher in Wash. Coll., near Natchez, .Mpi.. and 
in 1836 pub. '■ The South-west by a Yai.ki-e." 
He sulwi-qncntly produced " Latiiie," "Bar- 
ton, or the Sie;;es, •• Ciipt. Kyd," " The D.in- 
ciii;; Feather," and many other romances, soniu 
of winch ntiained a large eiivulation. He niu 
ord an Kpis. minister, and Ixx-ame recior ot a 
parish, and of St. Tiioinas's Hall, an acad. tor 
Ikjvs ill Holly Sprin;;s, Mpi. HLs U-I works 
were the " I'rincc of the House of David." 
18.".5: "Pillar of Fin-," 1859; and "Throne 
of David." 

Inman, Hexkt, an eminem painter, b. 
Utica. N.Y., -iS Oct. 1801 ; d. N.Y. City, 17 
Jan. 1846. He early luanifcstol a taste lor art, 
anil aliimt 1814 visited the studio ol Janris, 
in N. Y. City, where Wcrtmuilcr's picture of 



dtm: 



473 



IRV 



Danac was on cxliibition. Altractin;,' the no- 
tice ol Jarvis, who, on seeing him, cxchiinied, 
"By Heavens! the very head for a painter," 
he served a year's apiirenticeship with him ; m., 
and devoted himself to ininiatnrepaiTiiin..'. in 
which he excelled. lie afterward apijlied liim- 
sclf to portraits, and turned his talents to ;.'ood 
advanti^e in landscape and i/enre painting, 
attaining such distinction as to be chosen vice- 
prcs. ol the Nat. Acad, of Desijrn. Visiting 
Enjr. for his health in 1844, he painted pnnraits 
of Wordsworth, Clialmers, Macaiday, and oth- 
ers. Relurninj; homi^ in 184.5 in feeble liedth, 
he undiTi/)ok to furnish for the National Capitol 
a series of |iictures illustraiin;^ the settlement 
of the West, but did not live to complete the 
first, — a representation of Daniel Boone's resi- 
dence in Ky. His conversational powers were 
of a hi<,'h order, and he possessed a fund of 
anecdote and wit. Amon^ his best cft'oris are 
his portraits of Chief .Justii-c .Marshall and 
Bishop White, his " Hip Van Winkle waking 
from his Dream," " Mumble the Peg," and 
" Boyhood of Washington." He was one of 
the most versatile of Anieriesin artists. A col- 
lection of 127 of his paintings was exhibited 
for the beneKt of his widow and children, His 
dau. Sallic m. J. K. Drake of Buffalo. Joms 
O'Brien, artist, son of Henry, after a success- 
ful career in the West as a portrait-painter, 
opened a studio in N.Y., where his fiowor 
pieces and small genre pictures found a ri/ady 
sale. His facility is remarkable. In 1866 he 
went to Italy. A picture called " Sunny 
Thought!) " is highly commended. — See Turk- 
erman's Book of tlie Aiiists. 

IlUIia,Il, John, journalist, b. Utica, N.Y., 
1805; d N.Y. Mar. 30, 1850. Bro. of Henry. 
With little education, he taught school 2 years 
inN.C, 1S2.3-5; then passed a year in Europe, 
and, after studying law, became editor of the 
iStamltiid. afterward of the Spirit of the Times, 
then of the o!d NY. Mirror, and in 18.34 as- 
sist, ed. of the Cuiiiinirci'd .(lf/fer(iser, becoming 
chief on the death of Jlr. Stone in 1844. He 
was some years editor of the Cohtmhian Viv/., 
one entire number of which was from his pen ; 
and was a frequent contrib. to the periodicals of 
the day. In 1833 he m. .Miss Fisher, a sister 
of the talented comedians of that name, of the 
ol.l Park Theaire. 

Inman, Wit.i.nM, commodore U.S.N. , b. 
NY.; bro. of the preceding. Midsbipm. Jan. 
1. :81i; lieut. Apr. I, 1818; commaud. May 
24 1838; capt.June 2, 1850; commo. (retired 
list) July 16, 1862. lie served on the Lakes 
during the war of 1812-15; com. one of two 
twuts capturing a pirate vessel of 3 guns on 
the coast of Cuba in 1823 ; com. steamer 
" Michigan," on the Lakei;, 1845 ; steam frig- 
ate " Susfpichanna," E. L sqimd., 1851 ; com. 
squad, coast of Africa. 1859-61. 

Innes, Hai!RV, jurist, b. Caroline Co., Va., 
1752 ; d. Frankfort, Ky., Sept. 20, 1816. Son 
Df Rev. Uoliirt. an Epis. clergyman. In 1776- 
7 he was employed by the com. of safety of Va. 
to superintend Chipil's lead mines; in 1779 he 
was npp. by the Va. legisl. to hear and deter- 
mine land claims in the Abingdon district ; 
chosen by the Va. legisl. in 1783 judge of the 
Sup. Court for the dist. of Ky. ; atty.-gcn. 



1735-7 ; judge of the U.S. Dist. Court for Ky. 
1787 to his death. In 1791 he was one of the 
local board of war to call out the militia on 
expeds. against the Indians. — Co/tins. 

InneSS, fiEOBOE, lairdscape-painler, b. 
Ncwburg, X. Y., May I, 1825. At 16 he 
went to S.Y., and in 1845 passed a month in 
Gignoux's studio; after which time he long 
practised his art at Eagleswood, N. J. Among 
his pictures is " The Sign of Promise," 
" Peace and Plenty," " Going out of the 
Woods," "A Vision of Faith," "Passing 
Storm," " Summer Afternoon," and " Twi- 
light." He is an admirer of Rous.seau, and 
reproduces his manner perfectly. There is 
great strength in his limning of trees, great 
effect in his treatment of light. He has latterly 
resided in Italy. — Tuckerman. 

Iredell, J.vmes, jurist, b. of Irish ancestry, 
I^wes, Sussex Co., Eng., Oct. 5, 1750; d. 
Edenton, N.C., Oct. 20, 1799. He emig. to 
Chowan Co.. N C, at 17, and studied law with 
Gov. Saml. Johnston, whose sister Hannah he 
m. July 1773. Was adm. to the bar, Dec. 14, 
1770; and was dcp. atty.-gen. in 1774; dep. 
and afterward collector of Edenton until the 
Kevol. ; clio.sea judge of the Sup. Court, Dec. 
20, 1777; resigned 1778; mem. of the Const. 
Conv. at Hillsborough ; attv.-geu. of N.C. in 
1779-82; anil judge of the' U. S. Sup Court 
from Feb. 1790 till his death. He was the elo- 
quent defender and able exponent of the Fed- 
cial Constitution in the State convention. In 
1791 he pub. "Iredell's Revisal of the Stat- 
utes of X C." His judicial opinion in the case 
of" Chisholm vs. Georgia " contains the germ 
of all the later doctrines of " State ri^bts." 
His " Life and Corresp.," bv G. J. MeRee, 
was i)ub.. 2 V(fls., N.Y. 1857.' 

Iredell, J.imes, son of the preceding, b. 
Chowan <'o., N.C. Nov. 2, 1788; d Edenton, 
N.C, April 13, 1853. N.J. Coil. 1806. Hewas 
bred to tlic bar; was 10 years in the house of 
commons, of which he wjis also speaker ; com. a 
company of vols, at Norfolk, Va., in the war 
of 1812 ; chosen judge of the .State Sup. Court 
in 1819; gov. of N.C. 1827; and U.S. sena- 
tor 182S-.3I. He afterward practised at Ra- 
leigh ; and was many years reporter of the de- 
cisions of the Sup. Court. He pub. 13 vols. 
of law, and 8 of equity reports. In 18.33 he 
was app. acommiss. to collect and revise the 
State statutes. He also pub. a " Treatise on 
the Law of Executors ami Administrators" 

Irvin, Wii.i.nM W., jurist, b. Albemarle 
Co., Va., 1778; d. Lauca-ter, O., Apr. 1842. 
(Jften a member of the Ohio legisl. from Fair- 
field Co ; judge Sup. Court of Ohio 1809-15; 
M.C 1829-33. 

Irvine, Gex^J-vmes, d. Phila. 29 Apr. 
1819, a. 83. CMT in 1776 ; maj.-gen. Pa. mili- 
tia in 1782 ; Captured in attack on the British 
camp near White Mar.sh, 5 Dec. 1777, being 
wounded and left on 'the field. 

Ir^rine, Wtr.i-iAM, brig. -gen. Revol. armv, 
b. Fermagh, Ireland, 3 Nov. 1741; d. Phila. 
29 July, 1804. Educated at the Dublin U., he 
studii'd medicine ; was some time surgeon of a 
British sbip^)f-war ; but, after the peace of 
1763, removed to the U.S., and practised at 
Carlisle, Pa. Member of the eonventiou which 



DRV 



474 



mv 



Otcl at Pliila. 15 Jnlv, 1 774. and reconimotnli.'J 
■ (^eiK'ral congrv?* ; rvcrwniaiivc i>f Cur^ 
lUlo until 1776; niisi-d mid cum. the 6ih P>. 
iv;;!., and was c-it)tarwl at Trois l{iv*r«, 
Canada ; n.lcas«rd on ;iarolc S Aujj. ; »x- 
chaii-i-J 6 Mav.l77S: col. 2d Pa. r\>'t. 177*; 
hri;:.-;.'\'n. 12 Miiy, 1779; was cinplovcd in X. 
Jcr>cy, and nndeV Wavne at Bull's horrj-. In 
theauiuinii of 17SI lie was intni>t«l with ibe 
defence of ilie norih-wcstern froniier. and was 
stationed at Fort Put. In 17<5, he wasapp. by 
«hc |ii\-s of Pa. an agent to examine the pab- 
lic lauds of that Stato, and rap.T>ied the pur- 
chase ol the " Triangle," thus ^'i> in^ to Pa. an 
outlet upon Lake Krie. Member of the Old 
Conj:re»s 1786-3. and of the convention that 
tvvise'd the constitution of Pa. In 1794 he 
was a comniiss. to the Whiskey insup^-nts, 
but was unsuccessful in q^iiiotinff iiK-m. and, at 
the head of the State militia, took part in the 
operations rvsuliiii;: in their pacilieaiion. .M.C. 
1793-3. Two of his brothers werv irallant offi- 
cers, — Capt. Anlrew and Dr. Matthew of 
Id-e's Le-^'ion. Three sons were (U>o offii-ers 
of the armv. — C.vllesder, com.-;.fn. of pur- 
chases, who d. 9 Oct. 1841 ; Col. William A., 
of the 43d Inf.; and Capt. Armstroso, dis- 
tin<;. at Chrvstler's Field and at Lroo's 
Creek. 

Irving, Jobs Tre.vt, nephew of Wash- 
in-rion Irvin;, lawver and author, b. ivb. 1?I0, 
Col. Coll., X.Y , 1V29. His fiiiher, JoHx T, 
Irviso (b, I77S; d, N.Y. Citv, March IS. 
183S: Col. Coll. IT9S>). was prcs. jndje of th« 
C.C.P. for the city and cvjunty of X.Y. from 
1817 till his d. ; eontrib. to the Morning Ckrv- 
ide, a l>emoc. Journal started by his bros. ; and 
was disiin^. by his poetical attacks upon his 
political op|iunents. The son is the author of 
" Indi.in Sketche.-i," 1S3.3, ■ narrative of an 
expcd. to the Pawnee tribes ; " Scvne~ and Ad- 
Venturis in the Ro.ky Mountains." 2 vols. ; 
" UiMM>urs« on the .\dvantases of Cla>«ieal 
Learnin;:," with a sketeh of W. S. John>on. 
IS.'IO; and two novels, "The Attorney" and 
'■ Hairy Uarson," which originally ap)>e«red 
in the KHicL-'rhocbr JAij. under the signature 
of "John Quod." 

Irving, P.tCLCS -EaiLirs, a Brit, jren., 
b. Waterforxl. Ireland. Au; .30, 1751 ; d. Car- 
lisle, Jan. 31, 182?. His fiiiher. Col. P. X. 
Irvin;;, was at the sieae of Quebec in Sept. 
1759, as major 15th Foot, and was wounded. 
June .30, 1765, then beinj; com.-in-chief. he he- 
caue pre*, of the Ppovin>-e of Qiicht-c ; in 1771 
was ap)!. lieut.-gov. of Guernsey, and afterwnnl 
ot L'pnor Castle. Kent. He d". Apr. 24. 1796. 
The son was lieut 47th Foot in 1764: eapt. 
1768; major in 1775; and was engaj^ti in the 
battles of lyexin^ton and Bunker's Hill ; at 
the affair of Trviis Rivieres, June, 1776; a: 
Crown Point and Tieimderoja ; and scrred 
with Bun^oyne till his surt\'nder. He sulisc- 
quently served in the We-t Indies ; was made 
;;vn. in 1812 ; and created > baronet Sept. 19, 
1809. 

Irving, Peter. M.O. (Col. Coll. 1794). 
writer, bro. of W.tshinjton Irvine, h. Oct. 30. 
1771: d. N. v., Jane 27, 1*38. He studie.1. but 
never pi-actised. mi>lieine; and in 19<ia became 
ed. and proprietor of the Mtniitj Ckramidr, a 



Democ. jonmal. to which his bro«. Washinfftoa 
and John Treat. Paulding. \V. A. Uuer, and Ru- 
dolph Bnnner, werrconirihj. Returning fmtn 
Enro|>ean travel in 1807, he projecf-d with hi* 
bro. " Kniekerl«icker'» lli-tory of Sew York " 
He relunted to Kur»|ie in 1809, and rv-raained 
until 18.36. H- pub. " liioTanni Sbo(;.im). a* 
Venetian Tale," NY 182t>. 

Irving, Theoih.rk, LL. n. (Un. ColL 
IS50I, neplrew of I'eter. author, b X.Y. IS09. 
Col. Coll. 1837. He joinwl his uncle, Wasb- 
in^rton Irving, in S|ialii in 1828. and re-nded 
with him in Kni:., siudyin); i^neral literature 
in Paris, and afterwani •.tndyin? law in Loo- 
don and New York. Pml"es>*>r of bistorr and 
bellcs-letm-s in Geneva Coll.. NY., from 1836 
to 1849. and nfierwani helil Inr 3 Tear<> a simi- 
lar prulessorsliip in the X.Y. Free Acad. Tak- 
in;; orders in the Epi-. Churth in IS54. bo he- 
came nvtorof St- .Vndrvw's Parish, li'ehmond, 
Staten Island. Be-iides many ctiniril.s. to 
periixliea!-, he is the author of " The Conc|nest 
of Florida by l)e Soto," 1835 and 1831, es- 
teemetl for its easy and ele^rant style; and of 
'"The Fount.iin of Living WaJers," 1854, • 
devotional work. 

Irving, WtSHisoTOK, LUD., author, b. 
X.Y. Ciiy, Apr. 3. 17S3 ; d. Tarrvtown. N.Y., 
Nov. 28. "1 859. VVm . his father, was a Scotch 
emigrant ; and his moiher was an English- 
woman. At the age of 16 he began the statir 
of law, but dill not enter ir-m it;, practice. 
At 19 he wr>ite a <>eri<-s ■ • r the 

signature of " Jonathan ' :i) the 

•Vom/if; (.'Aroi/'Vr. editisi i'eter. 

From Slay. I804. to .\iar.'i. i» ■<. ;.e was in 
Enro[>e for his liealib. In 1807 he pub., in 
conjiinetion with bis brother William, and J. 
K. Paulding. " Salmajundi ; " in Dec. 1808, 
'• KnickerS>cker's History of X.Y.;" c«i. llM 
A*il«lir Mai. during tin- war of 181S-14. to 
which he ixintrib. a scries of biographies of the 
naval officers of the U.S.; and in .May, 1815, 
went to Kun.>|»e. where he re-siiie«l 17 vcarit. 
He had prcvii>n«lv ■ni-, 1 «:th two of bis 
brothers in mv - ;)- a silent 
partner. The U\. nert-ial house 
with which he w.i- »- j.i.u uiion 
his literary rvsourvvs. .v. ^ \Vi\ltrr 
Scott, be brought out "1 ~ k " in 

Lon.l. in 1820. which »'• , mk- and 
profit: and, after a vear's n.Mae;u-' in Paris, 
" Brace! in dge Hall'' apjiearvd in May, 182S. 
He p.i,<s«d the followin; winter in Df«-d»-n ; 
returned to Paris in 1823. and in .May. 1824. 
to Lond., to pub. " The Tales of a Traveller;" 
rrtiimetl to Paris in Ang. ; and in the autumn 
of 182'i vi^itisl the south of France. He went 
to Madrid in Feb. 1826: pub. his "Life of 
Columbus " in 1 828 : made a lour 10 the south 
of Spain: in 1829 pub. "The Coinjuest of 
Grannd.^ ; " and resided three months in the Al- 
batn(»ra. whi*re he prepared the work pub. un- 
der tSat name in 18^32 ••■ '- ' ^' s- was 
sec. of !<-.r«tion to the .\' ! ond., 

and re\vi\-eil one ot the ."• i-dals 

pr«ividi-d by Geonrr IV. n his- 

torical ciimposiiitin-. In .May. ls>i. he re- 
turned to N.Y. : in 18-3i p<ih. "Tour on th« 
Prairie*," " Abbot»for<l and New%ie»d .\bhey," 
and " Legends of the ConqaeM of Granada'; " 



ZRV 



475 



r^'E 



in IS36 "Astoria;" and in ISST "The Ad- 
ventures nf Caju. Bonneville." From lS39to 
1S41 he conirib. artieles to the Kniclyi-fw-ker 
3/(17. Thc*e and other articles from the Eng- 
lish annuals and periodii-als were in 1S5j coil. 
in a vol. entitled " Wolfert's Koost." In IS41 
he pub. '• A Life of Margarvt Miller David- 
son ' to accomiwnv an edition of her poo^iail 
remains. Minister to Spain in 1S42-6; after 
his return, iie be^an the publication of a revised 
edition of his works, 15 vols. 184S-50. In 
lS49he pub. ••OliverlMdsmith.aBiogniphv;" 
and in lS49-5ii " Mahomet and his Siicix-ssors " 
His last work was his " Life of WiisUinijton," 
5 vols. I S.l.j-g. He was newr married. The 
honorsirv di ;;rce of U'lctor of Laws wits con- 
ferrwl oil him hi- H.U. in 18.12; Oxtvml, Ens-, 
in 18.11; .and CoL Coll. in i8-29. He w^is^a 
corresp. memlicr of the Roy. Acid, of Hi>torv 
of Spain, and an hon. memlier of the Hist, and 
Geog. Institute of Brazil. He was also a mem- 
ber of other learned and scientific st>cieties. 
A Memoir of Irving, with his Letters, was 
pnh. bv his nephew ."Pierre M. Irving, 5 vols. 
1567. 

Irving, VViLLI.vM. bm. of the preceding, 
writer and meivhant, h. Xew York, Au;;. l.i, 
1766: d. there Nov. 9. lS-21. From 17S7 to 
1791 he was an Indian trader on the Mi'hawk 
Kiver. In 1793 he m. a sister of J. K Pauld- 
ing, and afterward becune a merchant in X.Y. 
Eminent for wit and retinement, as well as 
knowledge of the world. He was one of the 
authors of" Salmagnndi." to which he ct)ntrili. 
must of the poetical pieces " from the Mill of 
Pindar Cockloft." M.C. 1813-19. 

Irwin, Col. Hesbt; killed at the battle 
of Gennantown, Oct. 4, 1777. Merchant of 
Tarlx)n)ii;;h, N.C., Iwfore the Revol. Memlier 
ot the rii-st Assembly from Edgeeomlie in Aug. 
1775; licut.-eol. Sept. 9, 1775. 

Irwin, Gex. J-iEED.gov.of Ga. 1796-Sand 
1806-9, b. Mecklenbnrg Co., X. C 1751 ; d. 
Union. Washington Co , Ga., M.irch 1, 1818. 
Migr.iiing to Ga. at the age of 7, he was for 
many years on the Indian fi-ontier, and, during 
the iatlcr part of the Revol. war, actively em- 
ployeil against the Tories and Indians. At the 
close of the n-ar he was chosen to the State 
legisl.: was a member of the convention which 
adopted the Constitution in 1789; ptes. of the 
State Const. Conv. 1798; and many years 
member and pres. of the senate. Removing to 
P;t.. ho was M.C. from that State in 1813-17. 

Isbam, Ges. Jirah, b. Colchester, Ct., 
177*; d. New. London, 6 Oct. 1842. Y. C. 
1797. He was a lawyer at New LonJ.; State's 
any. ; mayor ; judge of probate ; and. as maj.- 
gen. of militia, com. in defence of Stonington 
in 1814. 

Iturbide, Arorstis de. emperor of Mex- 
ico, I.. Valladolid. Mex.. 1784; d. 19 July. 
1824. Bn-d a farmer. He enteretl the militia 
at the age of 1'' ; was a lieut. in 1810 ; and, for 
his servii-es in suppressing the insurrection of 
Morales, was made a rol.'and com. of Bahia; 
but, on Iwinu' deprive; of that |>ost, left the ser- 
vice, and returned lo his plantation. Pla'-ed in 
command of an army destined to the South, he 
marcheii to Acapuli* in the latter part of 1819, 
and, having matured a scheme for the over- 



throw of the Spanish [lOwer, — kn..wn as the 
'• Iguala Plan," promulged 24 Feb. 1821, — ha 
mai-chetl to Queretaro; was joined by Victoria, 
a devoted patriot ; took possession of the capi- 
tal 27 Sept. in the name of the nation ; and 
cstalilislietl a regency named by himself, and 
wholly under his own control, ^i:ly IS, 1822, he 
was declared emperor; but public distrust, .and 
the conflicting claims of rival chiefs, caused him 
to atklicatc; and 11 May, 182-3, he s.uled for 
Leghorn. Alter some months' residence there 
and in Eng., an insurrection in his (swor in- 
duci'd him to return to Mexico, where he land- 
ed 14 July, 1824, but was recognizeil ; and, 
pursuant to a decree declaring him a tr.aitor if 
he dared to land on the Mexicjin ten itory, he 
was shot at Padiilo. His widow" was granted 
S8.000 on condition that she should reside ei- 
ther in Colombia or the U.S. She long resided 
in Phila. Two of her sons afrvnvard returned 
to MexiiM, where they held otfiees of trust un- 
der the govt. — .See his Life h-j himself, a pam- 
phlet pub. Land. 1824. 

Iverson, Alfred, Democ. politician, b. 
Burke Co., lia., Deo. 3, 1798. N. J. Coll. 1820. 
He studied law ; settled in practice in Colum- 
bus. Ga. ; was a member of both houses of the 
State legisl.; w;ts twice elected judge of the 
Sn|ieri ir Court ; was M.C. 1847-9 ;"U.S. sen- 
ator from I8.J5 to 1861; was an advocate, in 
that body, of disunion and an independent 
Southern confeder.icy ; and withdrew Jan. 28, 
1861. He became col. of a Ga. regl., and in 
Nov. 1862 brig.geu. He m. a dan. of Hon. 
John Forsvth. 

Ives, Ansel W., M.D. (Coll. Ph. and Sui^., 
N.Y., 1814),phvsician, b. Woodlmrv, Ct , 1733; 
d. Xew York, Feb. 2, 1838. He liibored on a 
farui ; then taught school ; studied and pr.ic- 
tiseil medicine in X.Y. with coustantly-increas- 
ing success. Of his articles for medical jour- 
nals, that on the Humtdus lupultts gaineii him 
reputation. He pub., n-ith Xotes, " Paris's 
Pharmacoiogia," and " Hamilton on Mercurial 
Remedies." 

Ives, Eli. AI.D., physician, b. N. Haven, 
Ct., Feb. 7, 1779 ; d. there Oct. 8, 1861. Y.C. 
1799. He studied medicine ; was 2 years rec- 
tor of the Hopkins grammar-school ; began 
pntcticc with his father. Dr. Levi, in 1801 ; 
snb-equently continneA his studies in Phila-; 
and gave special attention to indigenous vege- 
table reme.lies. With Prof. Silliman, he estab- 
lisheil in 1813 the medical dept. of Y.C. ; and 
from 1813 to 1823 was prof, of materia medica. 
He held the chair of the theory and practice of 
med. from 1829 till 1853; re'sumiilg the ch.^r 
for a short period subsequently. He had been 
pt^s. of the State and Xational Med. Associa- 
tions, and was a remarkably skilful and suc- 
cessful pntctitioner. He was an active advo- 
cate of temperance, education, emancipation, 
and other causes of active benevolence ; found- 
ed and was many years pres. of the Hortic. 
and Pomological Societies; and expended much 
time and labor in the maintenance of a botani- 
cal g:inien He contrib. 4 articles to the Jour- 
nal nf Science, and pub. an "Address before 
the N. Haven Horticultural Soc." in 1937. — 
Y. C. lybil. lifcord 

Ives, Levi, M.D., physician, b. 1750; d. 



IVK 



476 



JA.C 



Ni'w Iliivcn, Ct., Oct. IT. ISifi. He was a 
fuiiiiiliT of the N. lIiiviMi Mol. Siic. ; one of tliu 
coci'luotura of tVin'i o;i</ Olittiniliimt, tlic first 
mol. juiirniil in iliis country; ami wuiuakiltul 
pnuiiiioiiir. Kutliir of Dr. Kli Ives. 

Ives, Levi Sillimin, 1).I>., LL.D., cli- 
viiK' mil iiiitlior, b. Mcriiluii, Ct., Sept. 16, 
17it7; cl. Miinlmtliiiiville, iieiir N.V. City.Oet. 
13, 1.S67. Uroiii{lit up oil liii failicr'ii fiirin in 
Turin, N.Y. He studieil at the acad. at L<jw- 
ville, mill serveil nearly a year umler (jen. 
Pike in the war with Kii^-. He eiilereil Hum. 
Coll. ill 1816, but, on lueouiil of |Hior liealth, 
left before the close of \\\» senior year. Join- 
in;,' the Kpi-t. Church in 1819, hc'slinlied the- 
oloiry at JJ.Y. nmler Uisliop iloburt (whoso 
diui. Rolwica he in. in 1825). and received dea- 
con's orders in Aug. 182i. He was first a mis- 
sionary at Balavia, N. Y. ; the next year took 
charge of Trin. Church, Pliila., and was ord. 
priest l>r Bishop White; in 1827 he look 
charyo of Christ Church, Lancaster, I'a. ; at 
the end of the year became assist, minister of 
Christ Church. N.Y. ; 6 months after was made 
recuir of St. Luke's; and Si-pt 22, 1831, was 
conscc. bishop of \.C. At Valle Cnicis, among 
the iiiounlaiiis of N.C., he csniblishcd an insti- 
tution to promote the cause of oliieut on in the 
church, which occasioned him great pecuniary 
loss. He innnifcsted a dci-p sympathy wi;h thj 
efforts lor the religious training of the slaves, 
for whom he prepaR'd a catcebisin adapted 
to tlu-ir comprehension and spiriinal wants. 
Bi-sidcs charges to the clergy, and occasional 
sermons, he pub. discourses on ilie " A|>osilcs' 
Doctrine and Kellowsliip." and on the " Olio- 
dieiice of K.iitli," 1849. Siding strongly with 
the Tractariaii movement, his ilioccsc became 
alienated, and he was at length thoroughly i-on- 
viiiced of the supremacy of the |K)pe. In Uec. 
1852 he visiteil Koine, and was lluiv adm. into 
the U. C. Church. He vindicated this step in a 
vol. entitled " The Trials of a Mintl in its 
Progress to Catholicism," 1854. Deposed from 
his bishopric, Oct. 14, 18.53. After his n-tnrii to 
Amer. he was emploved as prof, of rhetoric in 
St. .Joseph's Thiol. Sem. at Fonlham, ami as 
lecturer on rhetoric and the Knglish language 
in the convents of the Sacix'd Heart and the Sis- 
ters of Charity. The last years of his life were 
devoteil to the establishment of an institution 
at Maiihuttaiiville for the protection of desti- 
tute cliiMn'n. 

Ixtlilxocbitl (ikst-lcl-ho-chcctl'). Feu- 
NAvDu UE Alva, an Indian historian, de- 
scended in a direct line from the kings of 
Tezcuco, Mexico, b. ab. 1568; d. ab. 1648. He 
was iuterpri'tcr of the native languages to the 
viceroys of .Mexico, and collected many an- 
cient .M.'^.S.anil iraditionsof his country, which 
he einbotlied in a scries of memoirs or ** Uela- 
tious." His most important work is a " His- 
tory of the Cbichcinecus," which, with most 
of his other writings, was first printcil by Lord 
Kin.;sb >rough. — A/i/tlelon. 

Izard, Ueohue. gen., b. S. C. 1777 ; d. 
Little l{.xk. Ark., Nov. 22, 1828. Son of 
Kalph. Alter receiving a classical education, 
and making a tour in Kuro|>c, npp. a heuL 
of art. .lunc 2, 1794; cnt-r. of fortifications 
in Charleston harbor in 1798; capt. July, 



1799; aide to Gen. Hamilton, Dec 16.1799; 
resigned in 18<)3 (.In the breuki.ig-oui of 
war with Great Britain, app. col. 2d Art. Mar 
12, 1812; brig. gen. Mar. 12, 1813; maj-gen 
Jan. 24.1814; disbamlcd 181.5. Gov. of Ark. 
Territory from Mar. 1825 till his death. He 
pub. his " Official Corivsp. with the War Dept. 
in 1814-15," 8vo,I'hiltt. 1816. His sou JaME» 
K., 1st lieut. 1st U.S. Dragoons (West Point, 
1828), d. of wounds r.x'cived at Camp Izjrd, 
Fla., 5 Mar. 18.16, a. 26. 

Izard, U.\Li-ii, Ktatcsmnii, b near Charles- 
ton, St., 1742; d. there .May .30, 1804. 
Canib. C, Kng. His graiidfaihcr was one uf 
the founders uf S.C. ; and he inherited a large 
estate in land and shiver. In 1767 hem. Alii'C, 
dau. of Peter DeLanccy ; visitol Eng. in 1771, 
and the ConiinOit in 1774. He went again 
to France ; wiis afterward app. by Cong, com- 
miss. at the court of Gnind l)ukc of Tuscanjr, 
and resided in Paris. He sided with Arthur 
Lc« in bis o|i[iosiiion to Silas Deane, Frank- 
lin, and the other Amer. agents in France. 
July 10, 1780, he returned to .Vmcr. ; wai in- 
strumental in pn>>'iiring (ten. Greene's app. to 
the Southern army, and pli-dgcd his large estate 
for the puirhasc of shipsK>l'-war in kuni)« 
Delegate to the Old Congress 1781-3; U.S. 
senator 1 789-95. He was |iolishcd in manners, 
able and elofiuent, and honest as a legislator, 
but pas»iiiiiale, ami incompetent as a diplonm- 
tist. His •' Corrc-p. from 1774 to 1784," with 
a short Memoir, was pub. liv his dau. 1844. 
His son K .Iph. a lieut. U.S.N'., was disting. in 
the war with Tri|>oli. 

Jackson, Amirew, LL O (H u. 18.33). 

7lh pics U.S , b. Waxhaw.S C, 15 Mar. 1767; 
d. at the Hermitage, near Nashville, Tenn., 8 
June. 1845. His jiarents came from Ireland 
in 1765. At 14 An.lrew joined the l{evol. 
army, in which his two brotliirs were killed; 
w:is with Siiiiiter when defeat- d at Hanging 
Kock in 1780 ; was captured in 1781, and, for 
refusing toclean the l>ootsof a Britisliofficer, re- 
ceived two wounds from a swonl. He studictl, 
and was adm. to practise law in Western N.C. 
in 1786; rvmoveil to Na-hvillc in 1788; was 
U.S.atty in 1790; memlH-rof the State Const. 
Conv. in 1796 ; U.S. senator in 1797 ; and was 
a judge of the Tenn. Sup. Ct. in 1798-1804 ; 
maj.-gen. Tenn. militia 1798-1SI4. He com. 
in the battle with the Creek Indians at Tal- 
ladega in Nov. 1813; at the Kmiicfaii 24 Jan. 
1814 ; ami at Horse-hiK! B.iul 17 .Mar. 1814 ; 
made brig.-gcn. U.S..\. 19 Apr. 1814; and 
mnj.-gen. 1 May, 1X14. Commiss. in that 
year with Col. Hawkins to treat with the snb- 
diicil tribes, and to establish military jiosts in 
their country. Jan. 8, 181.5, he obtained a 
signal victory over the British forces at New 
Orleans, by which, and by his active and vigor- 
ous measures for the ilefencc of that city, he 
established a high reputation as a gen. In 
1817-18 he su'cessfully pmsecuteil the Sem- 
inole war; resigned his i-ora in 1819; was 
gov. of Fla. in 1821-2 ; US. senator 182.3-4 ; 
and in 1828, and again in 1832. was elected 

^lres. The events which particularly marked 
lis administration were the difficiilii.'s with 
Fnincc about the payment of the indcmnitr, 
the suppn'ssion of die nullifiealiun inovemeDI 



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477 



JA.C 



in S.C. in ISSa, the war with the Seminole 
Indians, the ri'moval of the deposits from tlie 
U.S. Bunlc, and the controversy which ended 
in tlie loss of its charter. He possessed great 
firmness and decision of character, and was a 
thorou;,'hl_v honest and straitrhtforward num. 
In 1806 he challenged, and killed in n duel, 
Charles Dickinson (receivinj; himself a severe 
wound), by which his popularity was greatly 
impaired; and in Sept. 181.3, in an alfray at 
Nashville with Thomas H. Benton, he was 
severely wounded by Benton's brother Jesse. 
If his hot temper led him into more than one 
affair injurious to his reputation, his humanity 
and benevolence were frequently exhibited. 
In 1835 an attempt upon his life was made by 
Kiehavd Lawrence, afterward confined as a 
lunatic. His biog. has been written by J. H. 
Katon, 1818; William Cobbctt, 18.34; Amos 
Kendall, 1844; and by James Parton, 3 vols. 
8vo, 18.i9. 

Jackson, Charles, LL.D. (H.U. 1821), 
jurist, b. Xewburv])ort, May 31, 1775 ; d. Bos- 
ton, Dec. 13, 1855'. H.U. 1793. Son of Hon. 
Jonathan. Charles studied law in the office of 
Chief Justice Pardons; was adm. to practice 
in Essex Co. in 1796, rapidly attaining emi- 
nence; and in 1803 removed to Boston, where 
he was engaged with Judge Hubbard, bis part- 
ner, in the most lucrative practice in the State, 
and where he attained the highest rank at a 
barthronged wiih l>rilliant competitors. Judge 
Ms. Sup. Court 1813-24 ; memlierof the State 
Const. Conv. in 1820; afterwards aided in 
other desirable legal reforms, and especially in 
those affecting the relations of debtor and cred- 
itor ; and in 1 8.33 was app. one of the commiss. 
to codify the State laws. He pub. a treatise 
upon the " Pleadings and Practice in Real 
Actions," 8vo, 1828. 

Jackson, Charles Davis, D.D. (Norwich 
U. 18.59), b Salem, Ms., Dec. 15, 181 1. Darim. 
Coll. 18.33; And. Theol. Sem. 1838. Prof, 
of Latin and Greek at Lane Sem. ; was head 
of a classical school at Petersburg, Va., 2 
years; taught in Dr. Hawks's school at Flush- 
ing, L. I., 1 vear; ord. priest in the Prot.-Epis. 
Church, N V. City, Mar. 5, 1842; rector of 
St. Stephen's Church 1 or 2 years ; rector of 
St. Luke's, Staten Island, 184.3-7; and since 
then of St. Peter's, Westchester, N.Y. He 
pub. a vol. on " Popular Education," on " The 
Relation of Education to Crime" (2 vols.), 
" Select Discourses," and " Sermons on a Fu- 
ture Stale." 

Jackson, Charles Thomas, M.D. (H.U. 
1829), chemist, mineralogist, and geologist, b. 
Plymouth, Ms., June 21, 1805. Descended 
from Abraham, one of the early settlers of 
Plymouth, and, on the mother's side, from Rev. 
John Cotton. While preparing himself for 
coll. his health failed, and he made an excur- 
sion on foot through N.Y. and N.J. with sev- 
eral di.-ting. naturalists. Returning to Boston, 
he studied medicine. In the summer of 1827, 
he made, in company with Francis Alger of 
Boston, a mineralogical and geological survey 
of Nova Scotia, an account of which is in the 
Amer. Joirnal of Science for 1828. In 1829 
they renewed this survey, pub. a fuller account 
in the " Memoirs of the Acad, of Arts and 



Sciences." In 1 829-32 he visited Europe, pni 
suing his mcilical and scicntitie studies at Paris 
made a pcilestri.m tour through Central Eu 
rope ; was at Vienna during the prevalence of 
the cholera; assisted in the dissection of the 
bodies of 200 victims of the disease; and pub. 
a detailed account of his medical observations 
in the Bnston Mi'd. Mag. for 1832. Visiting 
Italy, he made a geol. tour of Sicily. In 1837 
a controversy arose between Prof. Morse and 
Dr. Jackson in regard to their respective claims 
to the invention of the magnetic telcgra|ih, 
the evidence respecting which has been printed. 
In 1836 he was app. State geologist of Me., of 
which he made 3 annual reports; in 1839 cif 
R. I., of which he made a report in 1 vol. ; in 
1840 of N.H., occupying 3 years, of which he 
pub. the report in 1844. He then explored the 
wilderness on the southern shore of Lake Su- 
perior, and made known to the public the won- 
derful mineral resources of that region. In 
1847-9 he was app. by Congress to survey the 
mineral lands in Mich., his report of which 
was pub. in 18.50. Dr. Jackson is also a claim- 
ant of the discovery of antesthetics, and is the 
recipient of various honors on that account. 
(See Morton, W. T. G.) He has made nucner- 
ous scientific discoveries, and has furnished 
many scientific communications to the Jonniul 
of Science and Arts, to the Cuniples Bendiis, and 
to the Bulletin de la Sm-ietf Ggolo<iicale de Ffance. 
He has also pul>. in the US. Patent Office Agrie. 
Reports the results of chemical researches on 
the cotton-plant, the tobacco-plant, on Indian 
corn, anil on 38 varieties of Auier. grasses 
He pub. in IStJl " Manual of Etherization, with 
a Flistor ■ of the Discovery." — ApplHon. 

Jackson, Claiuorne F., politician, b. 
Fleming Co., Ky., Apr. 4, 1807; d. Liiile 
Rock, Ark., Dec. 6, 1862. He went to Mo. 
in 1822; was a capt. in the Black Hawk War; 
was 10 or 12 years in the State legisl. ; speaker 
of the house 1 year; and gov. of Mo. in 1861. 
His efforts for the secession of the State were 
frustrated by Gen. Lyon ; and he was deposed 
by the State' Conv. in July. He was made a 
gen. in the Confed. army. 

Jackson, Co.vbad Feger, brig.-gen. vols., 
b. Pa. ; killed in the battle of Fredericksburg, 
Va., Dec. 13, 1862. Before the war he had 
been connected with the Pa. Central and Read- 
ing Railroads. He became eol. 9lh I 'a. Re- 
serves in 1861 ; com. his regt. at the battle of 
Drainsville; an<l served under Gen. McCall in 
the Peninsular campaign. Made a brig.-gen. 
July 17, 1862, he took com. of a brigade in .\Ic- 
Call's division, which he led at So. Mountain 
anil Antietam. 

Jackson, Francis, b. Newton, Mar. 7, 
1789; d. Boston, Nov. 14, 1861. Many years 
pres. Ms. Antishiverv Society. Son of Major 
Timothy (1756-1814), a Revol. officer. He 
was at one time a member of the city govt., 
and the originator of many public impruvc- 
inents in Boston. He pub. a " Hist, of New- 
ton," 1854. 

Jackson, Gen. Henry, Revol. officer, b. 
Boston, 1748; d. there Jan. 4, 1809. Ap)i. 
col. 16th JIs. rcgt. Jan. 12, 1777 ; com. the 9ih 
in 1779-82 (called the Boston regt.) ; and dis- 
ting, at R. I. in 1778, and at Springfield, N.J., 



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478 



in .Iiinc, 1780. lie nfterwnnl com. the 4lli Ms. 
ri';:t. 

Jackson, lUNnr, M.D. (Phila. Coll.), 
LI. 1)., I). Devonshire, Kng., 1778; d. ncnr 
Athens. (Jn , Apr. 2rt, 1840. At the ngQ of 
IJ he emitrriitnl to Amer., and wat educated 
hr hn hru. Uen Juiiie^ .liiekMin. I'rof. of 
inuth. rind nnt. philo*. in the U. of Ga. 1811- 
14 iiiid 1817-28; sec. of lefaiion in France 
18U ; and rharq^d'uirnirea uutd 1817. 

Jackson, Uknuv, 1)1). (B U. 18.i4). h. 
I'roviderKT, ft. I. June Ifi, 1793; d. Newport, 
R. I, .Mar. 2, 1861. B. U. 1817. Ord. over 
the Ut Baptist Chna-h, Churlesiown, Ms.. 
Nov. 27, 1822; disii.. Oct. 19, 1836; founded 
the Charlesiown Kcmnle Sein. ; pastor of the 
First Church, Hartford, IS-ie-S; of New Bed- 
ford, Jan. 1, 1839 to Oct. 19, 184.5, and of the 
Central Bapti^t Church, Newport, from Jan. 
24, 1S47-, to his death, lie pub. "Account of 
the Church-'s of U. I.,"' 8vo, 1854 ; and " An- 
niv. l>i>coursc hefore the Central Baptist 
Church, Newport," 8 Jan. Mfii. — Hist. Slwi. 
Dec. 1868. 

Jackson, IIi^niit Routks, author and 
dii.liJiunii>t,l>. Athens. Ga Jnnc24, ll^L'O. Y. C. 
18.J'J. .Son of Dr. Henry. Educated at Frank- 
lin Coll., Athens, Ga. \Vas Ruhsequcully ailin. 
to the har; and was several vears U. S. dist.- 
otty. for the State He was also, at one period, 
one of the editors of the Saninuah Gtoniinn. 
Col. of a Georgia re;;t. in the Mexican war. 
He was a judge of the eastern circuit from 1849 
to 1853, when he was app. chnriitd'iijjairei at 
Vienna, and from 1854 to 1858 was minister 
resident. Made a brig -gen. in the rebel army 
in the beginning of the war, ho had a com. on 
the Upper Potomac. Author of "Tallulah, 
and other Poems," 1851. 

Jackson, Gkn. J,ime9, soldier and states- 
miin, h Dtvijnshire, Kng., Sept. 21, 1757; d. 
Washiugiou, March 19, 1806. In 1772 he 
came to Savannah, and began to study law. 
Nature having etninently fitted hiui for a sol- 
dier, he was nitive in repelling the British from 
Savannah in March, 1776; coin, a company, 
until the fatal Florida ex|)cd. of Gen. Howe; 
made brigade niai. of Ga. militia in 1778, and 
wounded in the skirmish in which Gen. Scre- 
ven was killed ; took part in the defence of 
Savannah ; and when it fell, Dec. 29, 1778. fled 
to S. C., where he joined Gen. Moultrie. 
While on his way, so wretched was hisap|>ear- 
nuce, that sonic \Vhigs arrested, tried, and con- 
demned him as a spy ; ab. to be executed, he 
was fortunately recognized by a gentleman of 
reputation from Ga. In March, 1780, he was 
severely wounded in a duel ; his adversary, 
Lieut. -Gov. Wells, being killed. He joined Col. 
Elijah Clark in Aui:. 1780, and at the battle of 
Black'-tocks was vol. aide to .Sumter ; in 1781 
he was brig, major to Gen. Pickens, sharing in 
the victory of the Cow-pens; and at the battle 
of Ixmg Cane, when Col. Clark was disabled, 
(avol his com. from disp<-rsion. He was at the 
siege of Augusta, and was left in com. of the 
gnrri-on after the expulsion of the Briii-h. He 
next com. a legionary corps, with which he did 
gixiil sen-ice ; at the close of the war the Ga. 
legi-l gave him a house and lot in Savannah. 
Engaged successfully in the practice of the 



law; he m. in 1785; was made brig.-gcn. it 
1786; and n-as elected gov.of Ga. in 1783, but 
declined on account of youth and inex|icrienco. 
M. C. 1789-91; U.S. senator 179:)-5 and 
1801-6; muj-gcn. of militia 1792 ; chic8y in- 
strumental in training the constitution of Ga. 
in 1798; and gov. in 1798-1801. While in 
Congress, he strenuously opposed the bill for 
the suppression of the slave-trade. He was a 
man of iin|Kliious iem|ier, but of approved in- 
tegrity and patrioiisni. His bio.. Gen. Abra- 
ham, d. in Jan. I8I0. — .V<i/. Port. (iall. 

Jackson, J.»mk», .M.D. LL.D. (fl. U. 
1854), pliy-ician. bro. of Charles, b. Newbury- 
nort, Uct.'3, 1777 ; d Boston, Aug. 27, 186'7. 
11. U. 1796. For 6 months after graduating, 
ho was Engli.-h teacher at Leicester Acad. ; he 
studied medicine under Dr Holyokc of Salem, 
and in Loiul. ; then returnei! to Bo.stoii, whrro 
he began practice in 1800. In 1810, with Dr. 
J. C. Warren, he propo<cil the establishment 
of a hospital in Boston. The Asylum for the 
Insane was soon established nt Somcrvillc, and 
afterward the Ms. Gen. Hospital in Boston, of 
which Dr. Jackson was ibo first physician, 
and resigned in 1835. In 1810 he was'choscn 
prof of clinical medicine in tlie med. dcpt. of 
II. U. ; in 1812 prof of theory and practice there, 
and in 1835 was made emeritus prof His 
principal pulilioaiions are, " Un the Brunonian 
System," 1809 ; " liimarks on ihe Medical Ef- 
fects of Dentition," 1812 : various articles in 
the "Transaclionsof thuMs. Medical .Society;" 
"Syllabus of I.«ctures," 1816 ; and "Text- 
Book of Lectures," 1825-7; A Memoir of his 
son, James Jackson, jun., who died in 1834; 
" Letters to a Young Physician," 1855 ; " Eu- 
logy on Dr. John Warren," 1815. Dr. Jack- 
son was also a frequent contrib. to the Boston 
il<,l.,<ml .■<,i,;iiml.lournul. 

Jackson, Gen. James S., b. Madison Co., 
Ky., ab. 1 822 ; killed in the battle of Penyvillo, 
Oct. 8, 1862 Educated nt Centre Coll. He 
studied law; practised at Gatnupsliurg. and 
afterwards at Ilopkinsville. Ky.. and was prom- 
inent Iwth as a lawyer and a |H,|itician. Ho 
served in the Ky. Cav. in the Mexican war. 
Elected as a Union candidate to the 37th Con- 
gress. He liccnnie col. 3d Ky. Cav. ; was m^ide 
a brig. -gen. July 10. 1862 ; and com. a division 
under Gen. McCook at Perryvillc. He had 
fouuht several duels, one of lliera with T. F. 
Marshall. 

Jackson, John G., lawyer and politician, 
d. ClarkslHirg, Va., March' 29. 1825. At 19 
ho was surveyor of public lands in (Jhio ; at 
20 a member of the Va. iegisl., and again in 
1798-9; .M C. from Va. 179.5-7, 1799-1810, 
1813-17 ; app. judge U.S. cnurt. west. dist. of 
Va., in 1819; lirig.-gcn. State militia, 1813. 

Jackson, John J, brig.-grn. C. S. A., b. 
Augusta, Ga., 18:29; d. Millcilgcvillc, March 
22. 1866. He was a lawyer by profe^inn ; 
raised the Augusta vol. bail., and 1st Ga. inf., 
and com. a brigade in Bni;:g's corps at Shiloh ; 
in August, 1864, he com. the Confed. dcpt. of 
Fla. ; after the war, he resiiiiu-d his prulessioc 
at .\ugiista. 

Jackson, ,Ton.\tiiav, statesman, b. Bo» 
ton, June 4. 1741 ; d. then- Manh 5, 1810 
\X.\^. 1701. He was loii^ a merchant in New 



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j^c 



biiryport, where he m. the dau. of Patrick 
Tracy, an opulent merchant. Member of the 
Prov. Congress 1775; representative in 1777; 
mcmlier of the Old Congress in 1782; State 
senator in 1789; and marshal of thedi^t. of 
Ms. ; afterward State treasurer, and pres. of 
the State Bunk. Author of " Tliou::hts upon 
the Polit. Situation of the U.S.," 1 7S8. Judge 
Charles, Ur. James, and Patrick T., were bis 
sons. 

Jackson, Gen. Mich.\el, Revol. soldier, 
h. XoHton, Ms., Dec. 18, 1734; d. there April 
10, ISOl. A lieut. in the French war : at Bun- 
ker's Hill, where ho was major of Gardner's 
rcgt., he had a pergonal encounter with a Brit- 
ish officer, whom he killed, while he received a 
ball in the side : his life was saved by his sword- 
belt. He was afterward lient.-col. of Bund's 
regt., and was wounded in the thigh at Mon- 
trcssor's Island, in 1776 ; col. 8th Ms. regt. of 
the Cont. line from .Jan. 1777 till the end of 
the war, in which his 5 brothers and 5 sons 
were engaged. — Hist, of Sewlon. 

Jackson, Ges. Nathaxiel J., b. New- 
bnryport, Ms. Capt. Lewiston Light Inf be- 
fore the war; col. 1st Me. vols. June, 1861 ; and 
was afterward col. 5th Me. regt. ; brig.-gen. 
vols. 24 Sept. 1862; com. 2d brig. 2d div. 12th 
corps, and ser\-ed through the campaigns of 
McClellan and Pope in Va., and was wounded 
at Gaines's Mill. In the fall of 1864 he took 
com. 1st div. 20th corps; was in Sherman's 
march to the sea, and in the invasion of the 
Carolinas; brev. maj.-gen.; mustered out 24 
Aug. 1865. 

Jackson, Patrick Tract, merchant (hro. 
of Dr. James), b. Newbnry|)ort, Aug. 14, 1780 ; 
d. Beverly, Sept. 12,1847. Establishing him- 
self in Boston, he acquired a fortune in the 
India trade. With his brother-in-law, Francis 
C. Lowell, he engaged in the cotton inanuf. ; 
having succeeded, in the latter part of 1812, in 
produ' ing a model from which the ingenious 
Paul Moody constructed a i)ower-loom. In 
181.3 they built their first mill at Waltham, 
said to have been the first in the world that 
combined all the operations for converting the 
raw cotton into finished cloth. In 1821 he 
made large purchases of land on the Merrimack 
River, where a number of mills were construct- 
ed by the Mrrrim.ick Manuf. Co., organized un- 
der his auspices. This settlement tbrmed the 
germ of the city of Lowell, subsequently erei'ted 
on the spot. He in 1830 procured a charter 
for a railroad between Lowell and Boston, the 
construction of which he directed with untiring 
energy until its completion in 183.5. Pecuniary 
reverses having overtaken him in 1837, he took 
charge of the Locks and Canals Company of 
Lowell ; and was subsequently agent of the 
Great Falls Manuf. Co. at Somersworth. He 
also labored zealously to promote the moral 
and intellectual im|>rovement of the operatives 
in his mills, with deserved success. — See Hunt's 
Licts ifAineriran Merchants. 

Jackson, Dr. Rohert Moxtgomert 
Smitu, med. insp. 23d army corps, li. Pa. ; d. 
Chattanooi'a. Tenn., Jan. 28, 1865. A resident 
of Cresson, he was widely known i:i Pa. for 
force of chariiPtfr and scit-ntiiic a!l:iinnient, 
ami was siiecialiy disiin^. as a botanist and 



geologist. He was a niemboi- of the Pa. Geol. 
Commission, of the Am. Pliilos. Soc., the 
Acad, of Natural Sciences, and other learned 
bodies. He pub. " The Mountain," a work 
disting. bv a love of nature and scientific 
knowledge. 

Jackson, Samuei,, M.D., prof, institutes 
of incd. at the U. of Pa. IS-'SS-ea, M.D. of 
Rutg. Coll. 1812, b. Phila. 22 .Mar. 17S7. Has 
pub. "Principles of Medicine," 8vo, 1832; 
" Discourse Commcmo. of Nalhl. Chapman," 
1854; Introd. to J. C. Morris's Transl. of 
"Lehman's Chemical Physiology," 8vo, 1856; 
" Occasiunai Medical Essays." — AlUlione. 

Jackson, Thomas Josathas (" Stone- 
wall"), gen. C.S.A., b. Clarksburg, Va., Jan. 
21, 1824 ; d. at Guinea's Station, Va., Mav 10, 
1863. West Point, 1846 (Xo. 17 in his class). 
The death of his fiither, in 1827, left him de- 
pendent ujion an uncle, who brought hiin up a 
farmer. As a boy he was noted for gravity 
and sobriety of manners. Entering the 2d 
Art., he served in Mexico with Magrudcr's 
battery; became 1st lieut. Aug. 20, 1847; 
brev. capt. and major for gallantry at Con- 
treras, Churuhiisco.and Chapultepcc; resigned 
Feb. 29, 1852, with impaired health; and be- 
came a prof, iti the Mi.it. Inst, at Lexington, 
Va. Embracing the secession movement with 
enthusiasm, he was made a col.; and May 3, 
1861, app. com. of the " Army of Observation" 
at Harper's Ferry. He encountered Geu. Pat- 
terson's advance at Falling Waters, July 2; 
bore a disting. part, and com. a brigade, in the 
battle of Bull Run, where, in the language of 
the Confed. Gen. IJee, "Jackson stood like a 
stone wall." He was soon after made a brig., 
aiTd in Sept. a maj.-gen., and assigned to the 
com. at Winchester. He attacked Gen. Shields 
at this place, Mar. 23, 1802, and was repulsed. 
Early in May he turned upon his pursuers, 
and by a rapid march cut off a detached body 
at Front Royal, and compelled the Union army 
nuder Banks to retreat hastily to the Potomac. 
Fremont and McDowell endeavored to cut him 
off; but he succeeded in eluding them by a dis- 
play of energy, decision, .and command of re- 
sources, that m.^de his name famous in both 
Europe and America. Hastening back to 
Richmond, his timely arrival at Gaines's Mill 
gave the vi> tory to the Confederates; on the 
2'Jth he engaged McClellan's rear-guard at 
Frazicr's Farm; and July 1 shared in the sig- 
nal defeat of the Confederates at Malvern Hill. 
Jackson's corps next moved against Gen. Pope ; 
Aug. 9 was fought thescverely-cotitested battle 
of Cedar Mountain, with the stuall corps of 
Gen. B.inks. Lee having joined Jackson, tho 
latter was despatched, Aug. 24, to gain Gen. 
Pope's rear, which he did, capturing, at Ma- 
nassas, prisoners, cannon, and a large amount 
of stores. Lee came to his support ; and on 
the 30ih was fought the second battle of Ma- 
nassas. He took pan in the invasion of Md. ; 
Sept. 15 captured Harper's Ferry, with 11,000 
prisoners, and rejoined Lee at Antietam in 
season to do the severest fighting at that battle. 
Lieut.-gen. for the battle of Fredericksburg, 
Dec. 13, 1862. By his flank movement at 
Clianceilorsville, M.iy 2, 1863, the llth corps 
of Hooker's army was routed, and comnellcc' 



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to full liack ; l>iit in the durkness he wns. by 
niistiikc, filed upon liy his own men, and so 
severely wounded ai to ocinsion hiu death a 
few diiys later. Jack>on was n deacon in the 
Presb. Church ; and his religious fervor some- 
times n|>|irouched the verge ut taniiticisin. His 
mnnnerD and dreas were of the Biniplest dc- 
scrijiiion. 

'Jackson, Timothy, inventor, d. Boston, 
Ms., Oct .;:. 18jS. The hotel unnnnciutor, 
the heuvv ordnniicc by which the walls of the 
Malakoll and liidan were battered down nt 
the storming of Sebaitopol, the " Novelty " S5 
sewing-machine, and many other new and use- 
fnl inventions, were his. He, however, rea|>vd 
little pecuniary benefit from his labors. 

Jackson, Major William, Uevol. ofBccr, 
b. Cnnilierland, Eiig., Mar. 9, 1759; d. Phila. 
Dec. 17, 1828. An orphan; brought to Charles- 
ton, S.C., at an early age ; lilK-rally educated ; 
a licut. 1st S.C. ri'gt'. June, I77.'j; aide loGen. 
Lincoln in the li;;lit at Stono, June 20, 1779 ; 
capt. Oct. 9, 1779, in the repulse at Savannah; 
andmaile prisoner at Charleston, .May 12, 17S0; 
in 1781 Bcc. to Col. John Laurens, sp<eial 
minister to France; aide-decamp to Washing- 
ton, wiih the rank of major; assist, sec. of war 
under Gen. Lincoln 1782-3; and after a visit to 
Europe practised law at Phila.; in 1787 sec. to 
the convention tl:at framed the U.S. Constitu- 
tion ; aide and private sec. to Washington 1 789- 
93; spent two years in Europe; and Nov. 11, 
1795, m. Elizabeth Willing of Phila, who d. 
Aug. 5, 1858. Surv. of the ))ortol Phila. 1796- 
1801 ; sec. of the Soc. of Cincinnati 1800-28 ; 
solicitor of Kevol. pensicms, Jan. 1820. After 
his removal from the oflSce of surveyor by 
Jefferson, he started T/ie Political and Cummrr- 
cial Ile(iisli'r, a daily newspa|)cr. lie delivered 
the funeral-oration ujion Washington in Phila. 

Jackson, Wili.ia.m,D.I). (Middleb. Coll. 
1839), minister of Dorset, Vt., b. Cornwall, 
Ct., 14 Dec. 1708; d. Dorset, Vt., 15 Uet. 
1842. Damn. Coll. 1790. Ord. 27 Sept. 1796. 
He studied theology with Dr. Emmons, and 
founded the first education society in the U.S. 
His wile, Susanna Crane of Brentwood, N H., 
b. 1771, d. 1848. Some of her interesting let- 
ters are pub. in the Memoirs of her dau. Hcn- 
rietia A. L. Hamlin, wife of the missionary. 

Jackson, William, philanthropist, b. 
Newton, Ms., Sept 6, 1783; d. there Feb. 27, 
185.5. Memlwr Ms. legisl. 1829-.32; M.C. 
1834-7 and 1841-3; and filled other imporuint 
public stations. He was a pioneer in railroad 
enterprises in Ms., and a zealous laborer for 
the causes oflemperamc and antislaverv. 

Jacob, STEniEX, chief justice of Vt. ; d. 
Windsor, Vt., Feb. 1817, a. 61. Yale, 1778. 

Jacobs, Sarah S., b. K.I , dau. of Ucv. 
Bela Jacobs, a Bapt. minister; resiilcs in Cam- 
bridgcport, Ms. She has pub. " Nonantnin 
and Nalick," a popular history of the N. IC. 
Indian tribe.-!, 12mo, 1853; "Memoir of l{ev. 
B. Jacobs," 1 817. A nunilwr of her poetical 
pieces arc in ( Iriswold'o " Ainer. Female Poets." 
— Allilioiie. 

Jacobson, Jou.v Christian, bishop of the 
Moravian Cliun h ; d. Bethlehem, Pa., 24 Nov. 
1870, a. 75. He had been a minister and bishop 
more than SO years. 



Jacobus, Mkhncthox Wm.lumi. D.n. 

(Jifi. Coll. lS.-)2). I.L.I). (U. of Miami 1S(;7), 
l>. Newark. N.J. , 181G. N.J. Coll. 1834. Prof. 
Orient, and Bibl. Lit. in the Western Theol. 
Sem. (Presb.) Author of " Letters on the Pub- 
lie School Controversy;" "Notes on the Gos- 
pels and Acts," 3 vols. 1849-52; Question- 
Books for the same. 

Jafif^y, George, successiv<lv councillor, 
judge, treas., and chief justice of Nil , b. New- 
castle, N.H., Nov. 22, 1682; d. Portsmouth, 
Mav 8, 1749. H-.U. 1702. 

•fames, Charles T., inventor, b. West 
Greenwich, UI , 1804; d. Sag Harbor, L.I., 
Oct. 17, 1802, from wounils received by the 
explosion of a shell of his own manufacture. 
A.M. of Brown U. 1839. lie learned the 
trade of a car|>enter; at 19 l>egnn to study 
mechanics, at thesaiuc time learning, as a work- 
man in the machine-shops, the construction of 
cotton machinery. Removing to Providence, 
he became supl. of Slater's steam cotton-mills, 
and maj.-gcn. of militia. At Newbiiry|)orl ho 
erected the Bartlett and James Mills ; and 
subsequenilv cn'ctcd cotton-mills in Salem, 
Ms., in N.V., I'a., Iml., and Tenn. ; and in 
1849 built the Atlantic Delaine .Mill at Oliicy- 
ville, U I. U.S. senator from 1851 to I85'7, 
when he devoted himself to the perfection of 
several inventions, among then a rilled cannon 
and a new piiijeetilc. He wrote a scries of 
papers on the culture and inanufuciure of cot- 
ton in the South. 

James, Euwis, Ml)., twtanist and gcol 
ogist to Maj. Long's I at exi>ed. ; d. 1862. Mid. 
Coll. 1816. Pub. " Exped. to the Kocky 
Mountains in 1818-19," 8vo, Phila. 1823; 
edited Life of John Tanner. 

James, Henrt, author, b. Albany, N.Y., 
June 3, 181 1. At 12 he met with an accident, 
resulting in the amputation of n leg. He passed 
one year each at Un. Coll. and «t Princ'ion 
Theol. Sem. Duringntourin Europe he bccaino 
interested in the views of R(d)crt Sandeinan. of 
whose " Letters on Thcron and As|uisio " ho 

1)repared an ed. in 1839. On another visit to 
^uro|>e, in 1843, he became acquainted with 
the works of Swcdcnliorg, which have ever 
since influenced his opinions ami writingi. In 
1845 he pub. "What is the State?" and in 
1847 " A Letter to a Swedenliorgian." In the 
winter of 1 849-50 he delivered in N. Y. a course 
of lectures, pub. under the title of "Moralisin 
and Christianity," 1852. A second similar 
course, in 1851-2, w.is pub., together wi h 
several magazine articles and irvicws, with the 
title "Lectures and Miscellanies," 1852. He 
has since iiub. " The Church of Christ not an 
Ecclesiastiei.-m," 1854 ; " The Nature of Evil," 
1855; " Cbri>tianiiy the Logic of Creation," 
1857; " Substance and Shadow," 1863 ; "Tlio 
Secret of Swedenborg," 1869. — Diii/cliincL: 

James, Thomas, an English arctic navi- 
gator, employed in 1631, together with Luke 
Fox, by a coinp. of merchants at Bristol, to 
search for a N.W. passage. Ho left Bri-lol 
May 3, and proceeded to Hudson's Day: after 
wintering on an island in the lat. of a'l. 52, he 
iiixicceded northward, and Aug. 20, li'i i2, when 
b'ockeil by ice, had attained 65j dcgacs north. 
He returned to Eng., arriving Uci. 22. He 



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j^>r 



pub. in 163.3 ""The Strange and Dangerous 
Voyage of Capt. Tliomas James for the Dis- 
covery of a North-west Passaj,'e to the South 
Sea,"' 4io, 2(1 ed. Loud. 1740. Capt. James 
made some discoveries on the coast of Hud- 
son's Bay, and gave the name of New Wales 
to the country on its western side. 

James, Tiioins, first minister of Charles- 
tuwn, Ms., b. Eng. I.')92; d there ab. 1573. 
Eman. ('oil. 1614. He cauic from Lincoln- 
shire (where he had been a minister) to Bos- 
ton, June 5, 1632; was ord." in Charlestown, 
Nov. 2, 1632; and wasdismissed in Mar. 1636, 
a dissension having sprung up between him 
and the brethren. He went to New Haven, 
and in l(>i2 to Va. ; but was compelled to leave, 
or conform to the Eng. Church. He returned 
to N. E. in June, 1643; and was minister of 
Needhara, Suffolk, Eng., uuiil ejected for non- 
conlormity in 1662. Calamy calls him "a 
very holy good man." His son Thomas was 
minister of E. Hampton, L.L, from 1650 till 
hisd., 1696. 

James, Thom.vs Chalklby, M. D., b. 
Phila. 176G; d. there July 25, 1835. U. of 
Penn. 1787. Abel, his father, a Quaker of 
Welsh origin, was a successful merchant 
of I'liila. His mother was a dau. of Thomas 
Chalkley, the eminent Quaker preacher.. He 
was educated at Robert Proud's school ; stud- 
ied medicine; went as surgeon of a ship to the 
Cape of Good Hope ; studied in London and 
Edinb. from 1790 to 1793, when he returned 
home to witness the ravages of yellow-fever. 
In 1803 he founded the school of midwifery in 
America. For 25 years he was physician and 
then obstetrician in the Pa Hospital. Some 
years pres. of the Phila. Coll. of Physicians. 
He was prof, of midwifery in the U. of Pa. 
from 1811 to 1834; was a skilful practition- 
er, and an able teacher. Founder of the P:i. 
Hist. Soc. He contrili. to the PoiifoUi', under 
the signature of " P. D.," translations in verse, 
of raueh beauty, of the Idylls of Gcssner. As- 
soc, editor of the Eclectic Itepeiiorij. — Gross's 
M<d. .Ij'n,,. 

James, William, author, b. England ; d. 
there 1827. He emig. to the U.S. early in the 
present century, and w;is a veterinary surgeon 
in Phila. Unsuccessful in this pursuit, he re- 
turned to Eng. in disgust, and employed his 
pen in abusing the Americans. In thi.s spirit 
he wrote, in 18I7 and 1813, "Naval Occur- 
rences of the Late War" (1 vol.), "Military 
Ocenrreiiees of the Late War" (2 vols.), works 
of no authority; and "An Ini)uiry into the 
Meiits of the Principal Naval Actions between 
Cir. Brit, and the U.S., &c., since June, 1812," 
4to. 1816. His "Naval History of Great 
Britain, 1793-1820," was pnb. in S'vols. 1822. 

Jameson, Charlks Davis, brig.-gen. 
vos., b. Gorh.im, Me., Feb. 24, 1827; d. Old- 
town, .Me., Nov. 6, 1862. He received a lim- 
ited education, and engaged in the lumber- 
business, lie led his regt. (2d Me.) at Bull 
Run; and for his services was made brig.-gen. 
Sept. 3, 1861. He participated in the 7days' 
fi:;ht about Richmond, and alter the battle of 
Fair Oaks was attacked with camp-fever, and 
returned home only to die. A delegate to the 
Cluuleaton convention. He was a warm per- 



sonal friend of Mr. Douglas; and was in 1861 
and 1362 Democ. candidate for gov. of Me. 

Jameson, Col. David, Revol ollicer ; d. 
Culpeper Co., Va., Oct. 2, 1839, a. 87. He 
fought at the battle of Great Bridge, Dec. 9 
1775 ; and afterward served in 1780 and 1781 in 
the Southern States, in the brigade of Stevens. 
In 1790 and '91 he was a delegate to the Va. 
legisl. ; was afterward a magistrate, and high 
sheriff of the Co. His elder bro. JoH.v hehra 
disting. com. to the close of the war ; and was 
clerk ol the county. 

Jameson, John Alexander, LL.D. (U. 
of Vt. 1867),jurist and scholar, b.Irasburg,Vt., 
25 Jan 1824. U.ofVt. 1846. Tutor there in 
1350-3; began practice in Freeport, III., in 
1853, and settled in Chicago in April, 1856; 
since Nov 1865 judge of the Superior Conrt 
of Chicago, now called the Sup. Court of Cook 
Co. In 1866 he pub. "The Constitutional 
Convention, its History, Powers, and Modes 
of Proceeding," 8vo, N Y. One of the editors 
of the Amer. Law Register, pub. at Phila. since 
Nov. 1863; and since 1867 prof, of const, law, 
equity, jurisp., &c., in the law school of the 
U. of Chicago. He has in press ( 1 87 1 ) a " Trea- 
tise on the Law of Judicial Sales." 

Janes, Edml-xd Stoker, D.D. (Vt. U. 
1844), bishop M. E. Church, b. Sheffield, Ms., 
Apr. 27, 1807. When about 4 years of age, 
his parents removed to Salisbury, Ct. From 
1824 to 1830 he was a teacher, at the same 
time studying law. Resolving to preach the 
gospel, he in Apr. 1830 received his app. in 
the Phila. conl'erencc ; ord. deacon in 1832, 
and elder in 1834. After 6 years' study of the- 
ology, and while engaged in his pastoral duties, 
he studied medicine, receivinij; the deg. of M.D. 
(Vt. U.) 1842. In May, 1840, he was elected 
financial sec. of the Amer. Bible Society, and 
continued in that office until elected bishop in 
1 844. — .S>r ./ones Famihi, 8vo, 1868. 

Janeway, Jacob J., D.D., many years 
pastor of the Second Presb. Church, Phila., b. 
N. Y. Citv, 1776; d. New Brunswick, N. J., 
June 27, iS58. Col. Coll. 1794. Ord. 1799. 
He was in 1828 pres. of the Western Theol. 
Sem. at Alleghany City. Dining the la-t 30 
years of his life he resitled chiefly in N. Bruns- 
wick, su.-taining for some time the relation of 
pastor of the Ref Dutci Church, and vice.- 
pres. of Rutgers Coll. He was active in found- 
ing the Princeton Theol. Sem., and was a di- 
rector 40 years. Author of " Apostolic Age ; " 
review of " SehafTs Hist, of the Church in the 
Midille Ages," 8vo, 1853; " Expos, of the Act.i, 
and the Epis. to Romans and Hebrews ; " " In- 
ternal Evidence of the Bible;" "On Uuhuvlnl 
Marriage ; " " Abrahamie Covenant ; " " Mc da 
of Baptism," &c. Abiog. is in the Phila. Presb. 
Mill. May, 1853. 

Janney, Samcel M., Friend. App. early 
in 1809 U.S. supt. of Indian affairs in the North- 
ern Superintendency, b. Loudon Co., Va., 11 
Jan. 1301. Author of " The Country School- 
house," a prize poem, 18-5 ; " Convers. on Re- 
lig. Subjects," 1835; "The Last of the Lenape. 
and other Poems," 1839; "A Teacher's Gift," 
1840; "Hist. Sketch of the Christian Church." 
1847; "Life of Penn," 8vo, 1852; " Lite of 
Geo. Fox," 1855; "Hist, of the Religious 



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Siiciciv of ihc Friends to \8J»," 4 vols. 

Janney, Tiioma§, an nnim-nt Qiinkcr min- 
isnr, li. Clioshire, Eng . I6.1i : .1. ilui\- l)^x. 12, 
1C9C. Hi^^ sonlcd in Uu. ki Co.. I'a., in 16|W, 
vhoiv hi' liilmnil aecc'|)tJil>ly. nnd also in N. J. 
Ho vi*iti\l iIk' chiirclK'S of X.K., Long Isliiml, 
nnd Md.. and Hmillv went to ICnghind wiili U. 
OiVLn in ICO:.. — Coll. ofQuiker Mcin.>,i,tlx. 

Janvrin, M.vRV Vf- (.Mrs. Ell»«orth), 110- 
Ihorvsi, l>. Excier. N.H.,I8.W; d. Newton, Ms., 
15 Aug. 1870. Ucr ancestor came from the 
lilc of Guernsey iKjfore 1775. Educated at 
Exeter Fem.ile Sem. Slie l>egim a iiteraiv ca- 
reer at 18 with « priie tale for a lJo«ton jour- 
nal ; iH-camc a contrib. of pro.'<e and verse to 
(H'riodicals ; and in I8J8 l>ecume a regular con- 
trib. to liwlfi/'s [miI/'s Bool. She iiul>. " Cy- 
i>n's*-Le«ves, by Louise J. Cutler, with n 
Biog.," 18.16. 

Jarves, James J.»cksox, author, h. Bos- 
ton, Any. 20, 1S18. Uc received Ills early edu- 
cation in Boston, but, on account of weakncsji 
of his eyes, abandoned his college studies. In 
ld.'i8 ho sailed for the Sandwich Ulauds, «hcru 
ho resiiloU >omc years a;i U.S. consul, and |>nl). 
the Poli/ii fiiin, the first ncws|ia|ier ev or printed 
there. Ho travelled extensively in California, 
Mexico, and Central America. After his n-tuni 
to the U.S. he pub. a " History of the Sand- 
wich Islands," ISW ; " Scenes and Scenery of 
ihc Sandwich Islands," I8J4 ; and " Scenes and 
Scenery in Calilornia," 1814. His final de- 
parture fiom tlic islands took iilnce in Jan. 1848. 
lie has since lS6:i re>idiil in rloi-ence, engaged 
in colleeiingpiclun's to form the nucleus of an 
American g.ill'.ry. lie has piih. also " I'arisian 
Sights and l-'rcnch Principles," 18.')5; " .\rt 
Hints," 1855, u work afterw.iril expanded into 
" Alt Studies ; " " Italian Siirlits and Facial 
Principle*," 1856 ; n second scries nf " P.iri.-'nin 
Sights," 1856 ; *' Kiana, a Tradition of Ha- 
waii," 1857; "Confessions of an Inquirer" 
anil " Art Thoughts," 1 869. — lliii/rhucL: 

JarviS, Abraham, U.I). (V.C. 1797), 
Pruu-Lpis. bishop of Ct., b. Nor«alk, Ct., 
May 5, 1739; d. X. Haven, Mav 3, 181.). 
Y.C. 1761. Ord. in Eng. by the' Bishop of 
Carlisle in Mar. 1764, and became in the fol- 
lowing autumn rceior of Christ Church. Mid- 
dlctown, Ct. Oct. IS, 1797, he bi-eanic bishop ; 
removed to Cheshire in 1799, and in ISii3 to 
N. Haven. He pub. a sermon on the death of 
Bishop Seabury, a charge to the clergy, and a 
sermon on the Witness of the Spirit. 

Jarvis, CuARLicg, M.I)., physician and 
iiolitician, b. Bo-Ton, Oct. 26, 1748 ; d. there 
Nov. 15, 1807. U.U. 1766. Son of Col. 
LeonanI, merchant of Bo-ton. Ilis mother 
was grand d.iu. of Col. Cliurch. He completetl 
his medical education iu Europe ; scttlinl in 
Boston, and iKvaine disiing. in his profcsMon. 
He was a ze.dous patriot during ihc Hevol. ; 
was a delegate to the Con«t. Conv. 1788, and 
one of the State Kgi-I. until 1796. lie was a 
|iopular orator, and a leader uf the Jefferson 
iKirty. App by JelTer-on surgct>n of the Marine 
llosiiiial, Chelsea. WtLLiAM, his i>on, t-onsnl 
to Lisbon 1802-10, suicessfully introduced 
merino sheep into the U.S.; b. Boston, 4 Feb. 
177U; d. Wea-.hersficld, Vt, 21 Oct. 1S59. 



Jarvis, Jmix Wlslet, ponraiipainter 
b. South Shields on the I'yne, Eng., I78U ; d 
Jan. 12, 184U. Uc was a nephew ol John 
We-ley. Came to I'hila. in 1785; at 10 was 
nppreniieed to .Savage the engraver; at 21 
bi'gan that business (or himself in N.Y. City, 
and soon cotnmenciil (Kirtrail-pninting with 
prvnt sui-ccss. He was a man of gvnius, I'ul 
of irregular habits, and exeellcil asa huiDori^t. 
During ona of his trips to N. Orleans, he cami d 
in six months six tiion^and dollars; but his 
profuse and coiivlvi.il habits kept him con- 
stantly jHior. The ci-leliratol Henry Ininan 
was his pupil. He paiuteil heads of Bishop 
Moore, John Handolph. I>e Witt Ciiiiron, Hal- 
leck, O. 11. IVrrv, Stephen Van Ke.ns.s<lacr, 
&c. 

Jarvis, Sami-ll Fabmcr, D.D. (U. of 
Pa. 1819), LL.l). (W.ish. Coll. 18.17). clergy- 
man and scholar, b. .Middlctown, Ct.. Jan. sil, 
1786 ; d. Mar. 26, 1851. Y C. 1805. Son of 
Bi>liop Abraham. Onl. deacim in .Mar. 1810; 
priest iu Apr. 1811 ; n-itur ol St. Michael's, 
X.y., 1813-15, and of St. James's, 1815, to 
May, 1819 ; iiruf. of biblical leuniing in the 
theol. sem. of N.Y. 1819 ; rector of St. Paul's, 
Boston, 1820-6; and from 1826 to 18:15 was 
in Euro|>c, s;>cnding G years in Iialv ; prof, 
of Oriental Lit., Washington Cull , liaritord, 
18')5-7 ; rector of Christ Cluinli, Middletowii, 
Ct. 1837-42. Historiographer ol thechnrehin 
1838, and prc|Hire<l an Ivclcsiu'-tical History, 
from the lime of :he aposilcs to I lie oi;ranix(i- 
tion of the Episo. Cliuich in the US , pub. in 
1844. Anihorof a " Din-ourse on the Religion 
of the Indian Trilns of X A." 182ii; " Reply" 
to Dr. Milner's '• End of ContMTersv." 184*7 ; 
" The Church of the Kedeemed," 1850, 2 vols. ; 
" Sermons on I'lopliecy," 1841; " No Union 
with Uonie." 1843. 

Jasper, William, a brave Revol. soldier, 
b. S.C. all 1750; killi-.! at Savannah, Oct. 9, 
1779. His want of education cnu-^d him lo 
decline the coiniiiission to which his valor en- 
titled him. He enlisiol as a sergt. in the 2d 
S.C. regt , and iMrtiiiil.irly distlug. lilmM-lf al 
the attack of Fori .Moultrie, J.me 28, 1776. 
In the hottest of the en.;.igeineiit, the Hag-sialf 
was shot off, and tlie tl.ig tell to the l>otioin of 
the diich. on the oui-ide of the woi ks. Jiin>|>- 
ingfrom oncof tlieeinbiasures, JasfHT mounted 
th.- colore, »lii< h lie tied to a s|ioiigv-Maff, anil 
replanted on the parapet, where he supfiortetl 
them until another llig-stuff was (inx-und His 
activity and cnterpri-e iiiducetl Mciultrie lo;:iva 
him a ruvi:ii;eoii>mission ; and selecting, gene- 
rally, 5 or 6 men from the regt., he olieii re- 
turned with pri-oners before Moultiic wa.< 
apprised of his alteencc Uiwrn one oieiisi'.n, 
actunie<l by sMupalhy for a 5lrs Jones (wbo-e 
husband was a pri-oner, and liable to ext-cn- 
tion for de»eriiug the royal caUM: after hating 
t.iken the oath of allegiann), and wiih o c 
fsinipanion only, Scrgt. Xewlou, he caiiiund 
till' Riitish guarU of 10 men. and r.lia-ol the 
prisoners they were CKvrting lo Savannah, 
(.lov. Rnlledge pre-ented Jiispir witli a hand- 
some sKonl, while Mis. Elliot pre-entol to tlic 
regt. a stand of colors cinbruidci>d rieliiy with 
her own hands. .\t the assault of Savannah, 
Jas(ier endeavored to n'plae* these colors upon 



483 



the pnrapct. Tl.uu-h foiled in the atwmpt, 
and m..iiallv wounde.l, he succeeded i.i bring- 
in - them 6(1. A county of Georgia and a 
6.,,.-,ire in Savannah ]"-[V^^''^'\^'J^ "'■'"}% x 

Jay, Sir Jamm. M.D., b l/.>2; J- -\J-; 
Sept 12, 1815. Bro. of John Jay. Pub. 2 
let ers (1771-4) rel. to the collection made for 
he colleges of N.Y.and Phila ; ?'"»!';vork 
on the lout, 8vo, 1772. While in bug. as 
a-ent of the N.Y. Coll., he received the honor 
of kni-luhood, and was involved in a chancery- 
suit arising out of his collections for the coll. ; 
but he returned home before the Itcvo . 

Jay, Jons, statesman, b. N. Y., '2 Uec^ 
1745; d. Bedford, Westchester Co., >.Y., I< 
Mav, 1829. Col. Coll. 1704. Pierre, his 
creat-grandfathcr, a Huguenot merchant of 
La Rochelle, fled to Eng. ou the revocation of 
the Edict of Nantes. Peter, his father (1 .04- 
82), m. in 1728 Mary, dau. of J"<;.«b \''n 
Cortland. John was adm. to the bar in 1 ,bS , 
formed a partnership with R. R. Livingston ; 
soon attained political influence and extensive 
legal practice; and in 1774, in which year he 
m Sarah, dau. of Wm. Livingston, afte/^a'-'l 
cov of N'. J., was sent as a .Iclcgate to the 
first Congress. Though the yoiingest member 
hut one, he took a leading part in its proceed- 
i„.rs • drew up the able and eloquent Address 
to^the People of Great Britain ; " and, as a mem- 
ber of the com. of corresp., is supposed to have 
written the replv to the Boston address, in which 
he opposed thc'project of non intercourse. He 
al,o w-rote the address issued by Congress in 
1773 to the peo),le of Canada, and for Coy 
Livin-ston an address to the people of Ireland. 
KecalUd in Mav, 1776, to aid in forming the 
L'ovt of N Y'., his name was not attactied to 
the Decl. of Indep., though it received his cor- 
■ dial support. Ue was a leading member of 
the N.Y. eoiiv. of 1776, serving on the most 
important committees, and actively engaged in 
repelling invasion, and suppressing lor^ 
corabinltions. The eloquent address of th s 
couv., dated FishkiU, 23 Uee. 17,6 was from 
hi- pen. He also reported to tlie N.Y cons. 
in Mar 1777 a bill of rights; had.a chief share 
in framing the constitution; was in May app. 
chief justice of N.Y., and one of the council 
of safety, having dictatorial powers ; agam a 
member of Congress, Uec. 1778-Sopt. 1,.9; 
he presided over that body until app. minister 
to Spain 27 Sept. to negotiate a loan of two 
mil.ion dollars and the free navigation of the 
Mpi After many months of fruitless labor, 
having in 1781 been app. a comniiss he pro- 
ceeded to Paris, and, with Adams, Iranklin, 
and others, signed the treaty of l>eace betwceu 
the U.S. and Great Britain 3 Sept. 1 - 83. Kc- 
■ urning -o X.Y. in July, 1784, he was sec. o 
,ureig.r affairs from Uec. 1784 until 1-89^ In 
Apr 1788, in the riot in N.Y. known as the 
- Uoctors Mob," Jav, while aiding in defending 
the phv,ician., from popular furv >c;t-ived a 
dan-crous « ound in the temple. Oct. 1 J, I - 86 
he drew up an elaborate report on the relations 
between the U.S. and Great Britam. In 1 . 8< 
he unitclwith Hamilton and Madison in wiit- 
ii,u' •• The Federalist," to answer objections 
to the proposed Federal Con.siitution. J.^v 
conirib. powerfully to iu adoption in the ^.■l;. 



coiiv in 1788. and, being offered by Washing 
tun the choice of offices in hU gift, accepted 
that of chief justice, for which position he 
was eminently fitted. In 1792 Jay received a 
maioriiv of the votes for gov. of N.Y ; but, on 
some techniral grounds, George Clinton, the 
Repub. candidate, was declared elected, la 
1794 he reluctantly accepted the mission to ne- 
gotiate a settlement of the difficulties with 
En<' Heeo.icluded a treaty, 19 Nov. 1,94, 
pnni'lin" for payment of pre-Revolution;i;y 
debts owed to Bri"tish .subjects, and that Ain.r- 
icans should be indemnified for losses sustained 
bv ille-al captures, &c. (ab. 810,000,000 were 
afterward paid on tins-account). This treaty 
was assailed with great violence by the party 
favorable to Fiance, but was carried 'mo ettect 
bv a vote of 58 to 51. From 179a to 1801 he 
was.'ov of NY.; and under his administration 
slavery wivs abolished in that State. He was 
a"ain'iiiadecliief justice of the U.S., his former 
office but declined. "In lofty disinterested- 
ness," savs Hildreth, " in unyielding integri- 
tv," no one of the grftat men of the Rcvol. ap- 
proached so near Washington. --6fe /.;/««'"' 
ir, ,>,n'/s of. hij Wm. Ja^l, 2 vols. 8vo, N.\ . 1833. 
Jay,.JoiiN, minister to Austria (app. ^Vpnl, 
1867) grandson of John, and son of \yilliam 
Jav, b. N.Y. City, June 23, 1817. Col Coll. 
1836. Was adm. to the bar in 18-39, and pr.ic- 
tised law ; was a prominent member of the 
U.iion League Club of N.Y. ;tnany years a 
manager and corres. sec. of theN.Y. H'=t Soc 
and a'memlier of the Amer. Gcog. and Statist. 
Soc Author of many aniislavcry addres-es 
and pamphlets; pamphlets on inattcrs connect- 
ed with the Epis. Church ; and h;is pub. legal 
arguments, political addresses reports, ic. 
For a li.-t of these, see DmjckaxckSay,,,!. 

Jay, Peter Acgcstcs LL.D. (Col. Coll. 
1835Kiawver,pies. N.Y. Hist. Soc. ; d. Feb. 
■20 184i. 'Col. Coll. 1794. Eldest son of 
John Jav, and his j.rivate sec. Member N.\. 
Assembfv 1816; recorder of N.l- in lbl9--0. 
Jay, William, LL.D. (Kenyon, 1858) ju- 
rist and philanthropist, b. N.Y. June 16, 1,89; 
d. Bedford, N. Y., Oct, 14, 1853. Y.C. 180,. 
Son of John. He studied law, but, injuring his 
eves, was compelled to relinquish practice and 
retired to his large lande.i estates at Bedforil. 
In 1815 he founded the Bible Society, and as 
pies, of the Westchester Bible Society, deliv- 
ered a long series of annual addresses, lie 
was an carlv and consistent advocate of the 
Temperaiiee'reform, for the promotion of which 
he org.iiii/.cd a society in 1813. He a.so took 
part in the tract, missionary, and educational 
movements of the day; and was often pres. of 
the a",ic. societies of the county. In 1813 fie 
was app. a judge of the C.C.P. ; and was hist 
ud,.e .'f Westchester Co. from 1820 to 1842, 
when he was superseded on account of his .i-i- 
tislavery opinions. He pub. m 183.^ An 
Inquiry into the Character of the Amer. Col- 
onisation and Antislavery Societies, in 1833 
•• A View of the Action of the Federal Govt, in 
Beha'.f of Slavery," in 1849 "Rcyiew of the 
Causes and Consequences of the Mexican 
w-ir " In 1843-4 be visited Europe, and, witn 
sirG Wilkin-on, investigated the subject of 
Egyptian slavery. J.,dge Jay was for some 



484 



JKK 



year* pre", of the Araer. Pence Siniety, ami 
III 1S48 pill). '• Wiir iiiiU I'e.ice ; the' Kvil« 
of the First, with ii I'lun for mippre^-in;; the 
La>t." The coiiunitiec of fiireiiiii rehitiont in 
tlie U.S. ecmite irporteil in fuvor of his phOi. 
His numerous puljlieationa wore wiilely cireu- 
liiiid, unil exercised much in8ueiicc on public 
u|iiniun. Aiitliur of " Life iiml Wriiin-^ of 
Jcilin Jttv," J vols. 8vi>, N. Y. I8.1.r He was 
ail ahle Juil;{c ail I ii skilful ciintroversiallst. 

JefTerson, Josecii, comedian, h. Kn^;. 
I77G ; <l. lluriisl)ur;;, I'a., Aiij:. 4, 18-32. Son 
i>f a distill;;. Rcior con ii in porary with Uarrick ; 
came to Boston in 179.>; pcrfoniicd there Mini 
ill N.Y. till 18(i.i, when Tie went to Phila , where 
he Ion;; remained a favorite at the Che»inut-»t. 
Theatre. He possessed ureal taste and skill 
in the construction of intricate sla;;c machinery, 
and was unrivalled in his peculiar personations. 
Ilis favorite eliaraeters were Kit Coscy, Old 
Dllilcv. and Admiral Cop. 

JefierSOD, Joseimi. comedian, an able c.\- 
poiienl ul ihe natural school of personation, l>. 
I'liila. Keh. 20, 1829. Uiandson of the pri'ceil- 
in;;. Ilis mother was Mrs. Burke, a celebrated 
vncalisi. He appeared very early on the sta;;e, 
jiid earned distinction in a (;re.it variety of 
comic pans, from Bob Acres to Caleb I'liim- 
mer. He has starred in Kng-, Australia, and 
tli>- U.S. Sept. 4, 186.'i. he opened at the Adcl- 
plii, London, in a new version of " Kip Van 
winkle," by .Dion Boucicaull, which he lias 
since iKTlbrm 'd with ;,'ri.at success in the U S. 
Tliou;;h identilied with this part, in which he 
lias made bis great reputation, his raii;.:c of 
characters is very large, and unites the most re- 
tined comedy with the broadest farce. His 
son by his liist wile, a Miss Lockycr of N.V., 
is said to inherit the family laleiit. — Di-oicii's 
Aiiin . i>la<)i'. 

Jefferson, Thomas, LL.D., 3d pi^;s. of 
the U.S.. Ii. Shadwell, afterward callcil Mon- 
ticello. Va., 2 Apr. 174.) ; d. there 4 July, 1826, 
on the same day with John Adams, — the 50ih 
anniversary of the Uecl. of Indep. Win. and 
JL Coll. 1759. Son of Col. IVter (a man of 
great force of character) and Jane Randolph. 
He studied law under Jud;;c Wythe ; wasinlm. 
to the bar in 17B7, and was remarkably suc- 
cessful. Jan. I, 1772, he m. Mariha Skclton, 
n widow of fortune. Member of the IIoii»e 
of Burgesses 1769-75. In 177.3, with I'atrick 
Henry and others, he devised the cclebralcd 
com. of corresp., of which he was a mcmlMr. 
In 1774 he published his famous "Summary 
View of the Kighls of British Amcr." June 
1. 1775, he reported to the Assembly the ri'plv 
ot V'u. to Lord North's conciliatory proposi- 
tion, and, June 21, took his scat in Congre-s. 
He was ]ilaced on the most imporlfliit commit- 
tees ; drew up the reply of Congress to Ixinl 
North's proposal ; and as.'-istcd Dickinson in 
preparing in behalf of the Colonies a declara- 
tion of the cause of taking up arms. Made 
chairman of the com. to draw up a Decl. of 
liidcp., he drafted and reported to Congress, 
2» June, that creat charier of freedom, which, 
on July 4, 1776, was unanimouslv adopted, 
nnil signed by every incmber except John I>ick- 
iUMm of I'll. This, the most im|>ort.int Slate 
paper in existence, bus exerted, and will con- 



tinue to exert, a great Influence on the desti 
■lies of ihe race, and will remain the immortal 
monument of its author. In Oit 1 776, Jeffer- 
son rctireil from Congress to lake part in the 
delilKTuiions of the Va. Assembly. For two 
years and u half Inr applied himself to a revis- 
ion of the laws of Va., procuring the repeal 
of the laws of entail, ibe ulHilition of iirlino- 
gcniture, the restoration of ihc ri;;liis of 
conscience, the prohibition of the fiiliire im- 
portation of slaves, the establishment of cnuris 
of law, and originated a complete system of 
education. Gov.ofVa. from June, 1779, to 1781. 
Two days after his retirement, his estate nl KIk 
llill was laiil waste ; and be and his family nar- 
rowly esca|ied capture. Ueturncd to Congress 
in 1783, he reported as chairman the delinitira 
treaty of peace with Great Britain. At the 
succeeding .session, he pro|>osed and carried the 
present decimal syscm of U.S. coinage, and 
reported a plan of govt, for the U. S. Ter- 
ritories, introducing the clause which forbade 
the existence of slavery after the year 1800. 
In May, 1784, Congress opp. Iiiin, with Frank- 
lin and Adams, inini^ter.-pleiii|>o. In ni-gotiaie 
treaties with foreign powers; and in 1785 he 
succeeded Dr. Fnnklin as resident ministcral 
Paris, forming that strong predilcctioti for pref- 
erence lor the French nation over the Liigli-h 
that alierward marked histaiiver. He procured 
the abolition of many monopolies; the ailmis- 
sion into Frani'C ot tobacco, rice, whale-oil, 
salted fish, and flour; made excursions into 
Germany and Italy ; and displayed marked 
diplomatic ability. While abroad, he pub. his 
famous " Notes on Virginia," Pari-, 1784. Ke- 
turniiig, he left Paris in Sept. 1789, and was 
app. by Washington sec. Of state. The F'ed- 
eral Constitution, recently adopted, did not 
meet his approval, though be afterward form-d 
a more favorable viov of it. With the en- 
trance of JeUerson into the cabinet in .Mar. 

1790 coininenced the struggle l>etwecn the 
Ucpiiblicans under his Icadeisliipand the Fed- 
eralists uniler that of Ilamillon. Jefferson 
opposed llainilton's funding sy>tom, his U.S. 
Bulk, and otiier financial roosures, and favored 
aiding France with our arms in her war with 
Kiig. ; while Hamilton inlvocated a strict ncu- 
tr.ilily. These ditfercnces oceiLsioned many 
stormy di>eiissinns in the cabinet, and greac 
political e.Kcilcment throughout the country ; 
and Jell'erMjn re-igneil his ofHcc 31 Dec. 1793. 
While sec, he made an able rejiort in Feb. 

1791 on the Fisheries; another in the spring 
of 1792, u|)on the Helations of the U .S. with 
Spain ; and in 1 793 an elaliorntc report on 
Coinincreial Inierconrscwith Foreign Nations. 
Vice-pies, in 1797-1801; pre's. 1801-9. Ilis 
Inaugural .\ddrcss, delivere-d at the new Capitol 
at Washington, Mar. 4. 1801, is unsurpassed 
among his many great Stale papers, .\iiiong 
the im|iortant events of his adminisirntion 
were the purchase of Ixini^iana in 18in. our 
naval victories in the Mediterranean, and peace 
with Morocco and Trijioli in 1803. I.i-wis and 
Clark's exploring expi-d. to the Pacific in 1804, 
the trial of Aaron Burr for treason (1807), and 
the attack, the same year, of the British frigata 
" licopard " on the American frigate " Ches- 
ajieake," which led to Jefferson's embargo act 



JEF 



a„atothewavof.812 H^mu^edjhep^ 
of removing incumbent. ""'! ""'^'"j ,,l.,i„. 
ence of political oprnmn, an,l • "' "^'^'^^^^^^^^^ 

ness of dVess and "^-""'^^^V^^^l^ 
ai^mityandcercMMonvo \\.a»M^^^^ 

A I Miles were distasteful to him. He was a 
^.iinmuo politician, though no speaker 
It br affabilitv, his conversation was 

1.: ^ar^us and eloquent. His extreme 
St c-'ri'l,ts views were very much mo' h d n 
h,"r li£. I" religion he was a;ireeth.nUr 
I " Memoirs, Correspondence, &c., tditeu 
, his iamUol,, T. J.'Randolph,_were pub 
.- 1 a,-,> 1S"9- Ills " Writings, in 9 »ols. 
Sv^^'lS 3^5 Uis'' Manual of Parliamentary 

,;I':Uui:ii..ix,wl.omadeli,insurgeon.ge,. 
„ the loiccs inSova Scotia in Ma>, 1. 6 n 
\lir 1779 he went agam to Eng., "'"^'^ f 
« a made surgeon-major to the forces ,n Amei 
and entered Spon his ^;^-^^'^':^,X^^ 
:..,^;rS:^^ehe;ri^Ued.uceessru,h, 
;^a . cJ,ri himself much with s^ntihc e- 

-rs;i!eSh^^"e..i-;|:e'.n.to. 
cnipiuie in the province of Aitois, rraue<.. 

a /anatomical schools of t.'.at metro,jol., A 

i^r -^ii:^.:^-'^:r"^e t {^^- 
^"t:^i.:d^ot:.n^:,::^h="^^ 

d vered the tir»t public lecture ot. anatom), 
., M-icnce of which he was very fond. 

• Jenifer, d.n.^--. "/ ^'^./'Xr ctg s; 

v.,v i:9U a. 67. Member Uld coiig.e»» 
K7S-S2. and of the convention which formed 
rl'n' Fcil'-ral Conslitution. «„.„.;., 

TAnii^r Danii^l, minister to Austria 

,,?4,- Son of Uanicl of St. Thomas ;.h 

IS 185i near Port Tobacco, Md. He 

::•fn^..mlv^"emberoftbeMd^^ 

Jenison, Silas u., f.o • 
,1 Slu.i.liun Vt., Sept. Jn, 184J. 

Jenkins Albekt Gallatin, pen 
jenKins, ^,^ '" ,^"'; \\T/ 

[ lied in batae at Dublin, Va.. May 7, 1864 
Ucwase]uer.edattheVu.Militar^^ 



485 JEN 

T (T Pnll Pa (1848), and at the Camb. Lav^ 
tlKs^•^"t,lievotinghbn^lfto^^^ 
culture, never practised 1?«- ^'^■•"l^^^ "^IL'! 
rincin Nat. Convention in 185b , M.t-. ist 
^ Tmember of the Confed. P-^.'^-^'^^V 
,861;resig,ied,o^t^e^,e^st^<^.l;n^ -.. 

roll a Imi'rtue i" "■• -^ • ^^"*'' ,. 

aa?nv-ud in Stuart's cavalry corps ; was di»- 
?it. at Ge.tvsburg ; and sen-ed in the Shenan- 
doah Valley and Western Va. . , ,„ , 

T?,v:Trln<j Ann-a a. a philanthropic Qua- 
kcress of Piovi.ience, b. Sept. 1, 1 .9U , l-^"- 
20 1849, bv the conflagration of l»=r rest, en e. 
She inherited the entire estate of William 
A my her lather, most of that of Moses Brovvn 

the U S. and Europe. Her chantie. were m 

Se 1 io 18.V2. After passing two years at 
H- m Coll., he studied law ; commenced prac- 
t^e™'t W dsport, N.Y., in 1842 ; soon became 
ll. in-. ; and in 1843 m. a grand-dan. o Gen 
John Fellows of the Revol. army Ed.toi o. 
'"^^^U^ofE^'Forn^T^AHd^t^t'llf 
^^^li^l's'^ic^HisWofNY 1^. 
'• Alice Howard," a premium novelette, wit 
ten or a Phila. periodical ; " Lite of Silas 
WiiK It ■• 184 : "Hist, of the War with Mexi- 
"1 sis ''Narration of the Exploring Ex- 
\ "1849 L ves of Jackson, Polk, and 
l^houn'-XclpilationoftlieLi^s^o., 

l)i-liii-. Generals ot the W ar ot 81- , 
•'Lives of the Governors of New York, ISdI , 
and •• Heroines of History " 18.=)3. 

Jenkins.THOUNTON A-,.'ea.:adn..U^S.N., 
1, Va Dec. 11, 1811. Midslnpni. .Nov. 1, 
828 ; lieut. Dee. 9, 18.39 ; com. Sep . 14 
85.^ eapt. July 16, 1862 ; commo. Jid 2d, 
fee ellief of bureau of "'''■''•i^}""" '^''^-^l 
eai-adm. Se,>t. 1870. Attaeh«l o oast 
Mirvev 18.36-41; com. store-ship RUiU 
,347;andpre^niun.s,au-id^T^^^^ 

--^/•"!!L';^;ed.•S-6i; '^team-sloop 



'"T^"',■'aJu■xv7xped.' 1859-60; steam-sloop 
'^:tl::^ 1^1 repulsed t-e -W^^- 
Co-en's Point, James Uivcr, Aug. 86 , 
ccmir- Oneida," W. Gulf block Jia^-, 1^ 6 . 
Farra.'ut's fleet-capt. at passage ot 1"" 'V, 
M Mar 14, 186.3; and in the attacks ot 1 oit 
11 'in M.y; its capture in July; and at ,e 
Wuleof xfobileBay, Aug. .5 1864 ; and b ,1? 
complimented for zeal and efhciency by his 

'^''fenSl"'t:t'"/'» pioneer inventor of 
A,,,fr?,^ b H ,n,mer.smith, near Loud, i came 
Aiianca, o. ri He was the 



JKN 



48G 



ji-:\v 



ment in the maiiuf. of wythcs ; in Oi t. 1652 
ho is ^aitl lo liuvi- iiiaile ihv (licK lur tlic vilvt-r 
i-uiiitt;:c of (III' Stale; in I6.'i4 lie cinirnenil 
with llie .wlivliiieii of Bu»loii "lor nil en;;iiic 
to carry water in eUM) ol" lire;" in IBGT lie 
pciiliuiietJ llic Cieiieral Court " lo mlvaiiee n 
Mime lur ye eneuiini.'eimnt of wver drawini;," 
Ji:i. Ili< workit weie on llie bau^us liiver, 
1... Mil —/>•«•;»•, //,,/ ofL^un. 

Jenks, Jo'iirii, cov. of K.I. lT27-.*)2, pnv 
vioiisly ile|).-;;u< , li I'awtiii-kel, U.I., H>5G; il. 
Jiilie 15. 1*40. Cjianilson of ilie preetiliii;,' 
(Jiiv. J. KM llie lalle^t man in U.I.. stamlini; 
7 kvl 2 imlie- in In.-* >iofking9. Ili» liro. Win., 
u jii.l-i- il. 170J, a. 90. 

JeDkS, Samuel IIaynes, jnunialist, b. 
Bo.-ion 2ii Si'|)t. 17S9; il So. Boston, 23 Sept. 
ISGa. Founder and first editor of the X.in- 
tuekel liii/iiirrr; niterwaiil ciinneetitl wiih the 
press of Uo.-ion, and ed. the So. Boston /le;iis- 
lir. .Meniher of both liranches of the le(;i>l., 
and Stiitecumtniss. of insurance; a!n:in of Mer- 
linc ehanieitr, and of eoiisideruhle literary 
merit — See KituU's Si>fcimens of AiHfncan 

Jenks, William, D. D. (Bowd. 1825), 
LL.l). (liuwd. 1S62), eler^jyinan and auihur, 
b. Xcwion, XIs., Nov. 25, 1778; d. Bi»ton, 
Nov. I,), I8C6. U. U. 1797. He occupied 
himself in leueliin;; ; tlun as reader ai Christ's 
Church, Canilirid;;c, M.-.. ; was ord. at Bath, 
Sic.. Dec. 26, 18l)j; disin Sept. 10. 1^2.3. 
From 1815 lo ISIS he wa.- prof, of Kn^^lish 
and Oriental literature in Buvvd. Coll . Me. 
Ketnrnin;.' to Boston in 1818, he o|nnel a 
privuie scliool. lie tlieiv fuumled the S^-ameirs 
Bellicl. llie first insiiiuiion for ihe free reli- 
):ious education i/f .seamen, and the parent of 
many similar institutions. From Oct. 2.>. 
1S2G, to Oct. 1, I845. he was pastor of a Conj:. 
clinivli ill Green Sin-et, mid at that time 
wrote his " Comprehensive Cummentarv " un 
the Bible, of which 120.000 vols, were sdd. 
Author of " I'xiilaii Bible Atlas and Scrip- 
ture fiaietteer. 4io, 1849; Anniv. Address 
bef. Aiiier. Antiq. Soc. 21 Oct. 18G.3; and of 
some occasional sermons and di>coiirscs. One 
of the toundcrs of the Ainer. Oriental Society ; 
anil WHS a valuable member of numenius liter- 
ary, lii^t , and rt-li;;ious iKnlicit. 

Jenney, Kkv. Iiiin!:itT, I.I, V)., h. War- 
iiiKslowii, Ireland, 1G.'<7 ; d. I'hila. Jan. 5, 
1762. Trin. Coll. Duldin. Son of Arch- 
deacon Jenney. Chaplain in the navy 1710- 
14; iia<ist. to Ker. Mr. Kvans at Phila. until 
1717 ; cliaplain to the fort in New York ; rec- 
tiir III lije. Westche-ter Co., N.Y., from June, 
1722, lu 1725; of the ihiirch at llempsiead, 
I.. I. Iioiii 1725 lo 1742; and of Christ 
Churcli. IMiila., 1742-«2. — /)on'a lliil. C/inst 
Ci, . /'/„.', I, 

Jennings, Jon.xthav, fii-si ::i>v. of Ind. 

(l8ll'.-22). h. Ilunierilcii Co.. X J. ; d near 
Charlcsiowii, Clarke I'u.. Ind.. Julv 26. 18.34. 
M.C. 1809-16 and in 1822-31. In 1818 he 
was app. by I'rcs. .Monroe Indian cominis- 
bioMcr 

Jennison, Samckl. aminnarv, b. Rn«>k- 
fic.il, .M. , Feb. 24, 178S; d. Wi.fixster, .Mar. 
11, IhGO. At the H;;e ol 12 he went to W.ir- 
cestcr 10 re>:de with his uncle, Hon. Oliver 



Fiske ; liemme ronneiied «ith the Worrc<ler 
Blink, Kr-i a» o.-ciiuntant, and uniil 1846 a< 
cashier; was trvas. of the Worcester Co Sav- 
iii;.'^ Inst, from 1829 lo I8.%3; wan many yean 
I'Oiiiiccied with the Ainer. Antiq. SM'ictr ai 
libniriaii and eorresp. sec. ; and was al-o town* 
ileik of Worcester, and trias. of the State 
Lunatic Hospital fnim 1847 to 1857. He 
wrote mill 11, both in pro'K" and vcrM>, and 
(raihcrisl much valuable hiosraphieal material, 
which be pa.'-setl ov. r lo Uev. Dr. Allen ju-.t 
before the publication of ilic 2d edition of his 
Bii>L'. Diet, in 18.32. — //'si .\/it,,. iv. 254. 

Jesse, I'liiLir; d. New Ganlcn, RuMell 
Co., Va.. 1 Dec 1858. a. 120. When in his 
lOOlh year, he cut and split 100 rails. 

Jesiip, TiioM \« SiDVKY, maj.-i.'en. US. A., 
b. Va. 1788; d. Wu»hin-ton, D.C., June 10, 
I860. .\pp. lient. of inf. May .3. 1808; brig.- 
maj. and acting: adj. ^'vn. to (icn. Hull. 1812; 
capt. Jan. 181.3; maj I9ih Inf April 6, 1813; 
ir.insfern-d 1814 to 25ih Inf.; brer. lieut.-col. 
•' for distiu};. and ineritoriuui service in the bat- 
tle of Chippewa." July 5, 1814; brev. col. "for 
the battle of Niajjari," July 25, 1814, in which 
liewas scverelv wonndeil; lieiit.-«-ol.3d Inf Apr. 
30,1817; adj.'-u'cn.lra'ikofeol.) Mar. 27,1818; 
finnrierm.-Kcn. (rank bri;;.-(ren.) 8 May, 18IS; 
brev. maj.-,^-n. 8 Mav, 1828; took eiiin. of the 
army in the Creek Salion May 20, 18.36 ; ai;d 
siicieeilid (icn. Call in coin, of nnuy in Fla., 
Dw. 8. I83G; woundi-<l in action with Seini- 
nolesnear.liipiter Inlet, Jan. 24, 18-38. — /iVW- 
npr. 

Jessup, William, LL.D. (Ham. Coll. 
1848). jiiri'-t and philauthruidst, b. Sonlhain|>- 
ton, L.I , June 21, 17117; d. .Moninwc. I*a...>sept. 
II, I8G8. V. C. 1815. He ini.ve.1 lo Montnise 
in 1818 ; was ndin to the liar in HJO, and had 
n lucrative pniciiif ; was many year* a vi' e- 
pres. of the A.B.C.F.M.; aiiiom-er inihecauscs 
of iem|ieruiiee and education ; and chief found- 
er of llic Agrie. Society. Fi-om 1838 to 1851 
he was pres. j<ld;;^■ of the I Ith judicial disi of 
l'„. _ (*'„,. fcron/ nf Y. C. 1869. 

Jeter, Jeremiah B . D.D.. B.ipti>i clcr.-v- 
man. b. Bedtonl Co., Va. July 18. 1802. He 
enicivd the ministry in Beili.ird Co. in 1822; 
ri'inoveil to the " Noriln rii Neck " of Va. in 
1827. where he. was pasior of the Maratico 
Chureh in fjincaster C.i., and of the Xicomiitj 
(^liurch in NorthninlKiland Co. In 1816 ho 
became pastor of the First Bnplisi Cliureh in 
Hichmnnd. Va. ; in 1849 of the .Second Clinn-h 
in St. Lonis, .Mo.; and in 1852 ot the (!mi-e-<.t. 
Baptist Church, liichmond. Va. Besi.les »ei-- 
iiioiis. eoniribs. to.|>eri(Mlicals. &c, he h s pub. 
a •• Memoir of Uev. A. B. Clapton." " Lile of 
Mrs. Henrietta Shuck." " .Memoir of Rev An- 
drew Broadiis." the " Christian Mim.r." an I 
a controversial volume eniitli'd " Ca(ii|>lK'ili-in 
Examined." 1855. — -l/i/j/i-f.wi. 

Jewell, Marshall, jrov. of Ct. l.T.S-:.). 
h. Will, hesier, X II, 20 Oct. 1825. II.' wis 
■broii;;lit up a tanner; afterward sludieil ti'l.._'r.i- 
phy and electricity in Boston; 8ub-<ipn ntly 
eiitftt;,id in coiistruciiu),' and suix.riiitiiiilini; 
telcn; lines lietwecn Ixinisville and X. Oilcans; 
and in 1850 commenced in Hartford, Ci., the 
iiianuf of leathcr-liellinK. He was immiinent 
in sup)iort of the Govt, during; the Uebelliun. 



JK^W 



487 



JOH 



ana conti-il>. lar<:clv to the support of the sol- 
diers. 15 ro. of il.irvey Jewell, speaker JIs. IL 
of reps I8G8-71. 

Jewett, CiiAKLES Coffin, siholnr and 
bi .lio.'Hipher, b LeI.anoii, Me, An;,'. 12, 1S16; 
d. Braiiitree, Ms., .Ian. 9, 1868. Brown U. 18.i5. 
He stiKlieJ at the And. Theol. Sem., of whieh 
he was for a time librarian ; and in 184.-3 he ar- 
ranu'C.l and cataloj-iud the library of lii own U. 
He was afterward librarian and prof, ot ino.lern 
lan^'ua;,'cs tncre until 1848. Assist, sec. and 
librarian of the Smithsonian Inst., be made a 
valuable report of the public libraries of the 
U.S., printed in 1850 as an Appendix to the 
Annual ll.port of the Board of [le_'ents. He 
was supi. of the Boston Public Library from 
18.">S until bis death. 

Jewett, Is.vAC Appletox, lawyer and au- 
thor, b. Uarlin-ton, Vt., Oct. 17, 1808; d. 
Keenc, X.H., Jan. U, 185.3. H.U. 18.-J0. He 
established liiuiself in 'he practice of law, first 
in Cincinnati, and afterwards in Sew Orleans. 
Aiiiborof " I'assafiesin Travel," Boston, 18.i8; 
an 1 ''The Applelon Memorial," Boston, 1850. 
— .V. /v. //. .1-./ Gni. R>;i. vii. 197. 

Jewett, JoiiN It., author of " A Narrative 
of Shipwriek and Suffering' in Nooika Sound 
in 1812 : d. Hartfonl, Ct., Jan. 1821, a 57. 

Jewett, I.UTiiER, M.C. 1815-17, b. Canter- 
bury, Ct., Dec. 24, 1772 ; d. St. Johnsl)ury, 
Vt.', Mar. 8. 1860. Dartm. dl. 1795. He 
practise I medicine at Putney and ai St. Jolins- 
burv, Vi.; was afterwanl pastor of Conj^. Ch. 
at Newbury, Vt., from Feb. 28, 1821, to Feb. 
19, 1828. " I'ub. the Fanner's llernlit at St. 
Johusburv, 1828-.32 ; also, 2 years of the time, 
the Frli'i'iil, a Freemason paper ; also a Hist. 
Uisconr>e del. at St. Johnsbury, Dec. -3, 1818. 
Jewett, Mi 1.0 Parker, l.LD.b. St. Johns- 
burv, Vt., 1808. Dartm. Coll. 1828 ; Andover 
Theol Sem. 18.3.3. Late minister Presb. church, 
and prof, in Marietta Coll., O. (1835-s); pres. 
Va-ssar Female Coll. Author of " Mode and 
Subjects of Baptism." 

Jewett, WiLLi.iM, portrait-pamter, b. L. 
Haddam, Ct., Feb. 14, 1795. He worked on a 
farm; then became a coachmaker's apprentice, 
and went to N.Y. Citv, where he studied with 
Samuel Wiihlo, whose partner he became. 
Their joint productions were ofteu successful 
likenesses ; and for many years they were fully 
occupied in New York. — Tuckeriiian. 

Jogues (/.ho(r), Isaac, a French mission- 
arv b. Orleans, .Ian. 10, 1607; killed at Cau«h- 
n iwa^xa, X.Y., Oct. 18, 1646. He became a 
Jesuira't R.men in 1624; wasord. in 1636, and 
ai his own re(|uest sent immediately to Canada. 
H ■ visited .Miscon and Quebec; preached to the 
Huroiis ; and earlv in 1642, with Father Rayin- 
b.iu;, cros-ed Lake Huron, and founded a mis- 
sion ninon;.; the Chippewas in Jlicbi^ran. In 
the summer he went to Quebec for supplies. 
(J, I his return through N. Y. he was taken by 
a p;iriv of Mohawks, who cut oflF one of his 
thumbs, tore out his finger-nails, and put him 
lo other tortures. He remained with them as 
a slave and missionary until the summer of 
1643, whin he escaped to Albany, and was 
taken to New Ainsierdam. He sailed for Eu- 
r.ipe in Nov., but was shipwrecked on the Kng- 
li,h coa^t. Ktaching France, he was treated 



with "-reat cousiileration, and invited to court. 
He remrncd lo Canada, and in .VLiy. 1646. con- 
cluded a treaty between the .Mohawks and the 
French. Visiting Lake George, which he 
named Lake Saint Sacrament, he descenflcd 
the Hudson to Fort Orange. He went again 
among the .Mohawks as a inissio lary, and was 
seized'and put to death as a sorcerer. His Let- 
ters have been pulj. in the N.Y. Hist. Soc. Colls., 
and his deseri lotion of tlu; New Netherlands 
in the Doc. Hist, of N Y., and lep. with Xoies 
and Memoir by J. G. Shea, 1862. He also left a 
Memoir of Rene Goupil, one of his companioiis 
in the Huron mission, and a Journal, pub. by 
Ak-'ambe in hWM'irli-s llliislrts," Rome, i667. 
Johnes, Timothy. D.D. (Y.C. 1783), min- 
ister of .\lo'ri>iown, N. J., from Feb. 9, 1743, 
to Ills (1 Sept 19,1794; b. Southampton, L.I., 
Mav 24, 1717. Y. C. 1737. , „ ^ 

JohllS,JoiiN,l).D. (N.J. Coll. 1834), LL.D. 
(Wm. and M. Coll. 1855), Pr.-Ep. bi.shop of 
Va. N J. Coll. 1815. Pres. Wm. and .M. Coll. 
1849-54; coiisec. at Kiclimond, Oct. 13, 1842. 
Pub. " Memorial of Bishop Meade." 1868. 

Johns, Kessev, jurist; d. Newcastle, Del., 
Dc' 21, 1848, a. 90. A Revol. soidier. Last 
survivin ' member (ff the Del. convention whieh 
app. delegate.^ to adopt the U.S. Con^titutlon, 
and al-o of the coiiv. that formed the first cim- 
st.tutioii of that State ; U.S. senator from Del. 
in 1794-5 ; manv years chief justice, and after- 
ward chaneellor'of Del. 

Johns, ICensey, LL.D. (.JcfT. Coll. 184b), 
inrist, son of the preceding, h. Del. Dec. 10, 
1791; d. Newcastle, Mar. 28, 1857. N.J. Cod. 
181o! He studied law, and was adm. to prac- 
tice in 1SI3; was M.C. 1827-31; and chan- 
cellor of Del. fi-om 1832 till his death. He was 
a learned, firm, and impartial judge; many 
years a ruling elder in the Presb. Church. 
' Johnson, Alexander Brta.v, author 
and banker, b. Gosport, Eng., May 29, 1786 ; 
d. 1367. A.M. of Ham. Coll. 1S.32. He came 
to the US. in 1801, and established him-elt in 
Utica N.Y. He was adm. to the bar, but iievi-r 
practised. He puli. " Philosophy of Human 
Knowledge, or a Treatise on Language," 1828 ; 
" Treatise on Language, or the Relaiion win h 
Words bear to Things," 1836; "Physiology 
of the Senses," 18.56; "The Meaning ot 
Words analvzed," &c., 1854; "Nature ot 
Value, Capital," &c., 1813 ; " Religion in its 
Relation to the Present Lite," 1840; " Kncy- 
clopaedia of Instruction, or Apologues and Bie- 
viateson Menaiid Manners," 1857 ; "A Guide 
to the Right Understanding of our American 
Union," 1857; " Treatise on Banking; "" Lec- 
tures to Young Men ; " addresses, and an ora- 
tion, Julys, 1824 , u IT c 

Johnson, Andrew, 17thpres. of the U.&., 
li. Raleigh. N.C., Dec. 29, 1803. He lost his 
father at the age of 4 ; and from the age of 10, 
until the autumn of 1824, was the api)rentice 
of a tailor in Raleigh. Without a single day s 
schooling, he taught himself to read. After 
completing his apprcnticesliip, he went to St. 
Laurens Couit House, SC, and worked as a 
journeyman until May, 1826 ; in Sept. he went 
to the West, taking with hiin his mother, who 
was depenilent upon him for support ; set- 
tled in Greenville, Tenn., where he worked ut 



JOii 



488 



JOH 



hU tniclt:, and mairiwl; vraa clcctnl ulik-rmnn 
in ISifi, 18^9; and 1830; mayor ISll, 1832, 
and ISM; in I8^i5 hiuiuIkt uf the livi."!., and 
uj^ain in I83'J ; wusi a pris. i-leclur in 1840, and 
canvu3>(.-d a large pitrt uf tliv Stuto, nioviin;^ 
upon till' »tuni|i suvvral uf the Icudin;; ^^'l>>o 
orators ; was idcftwl to the State Sinnte in 
1841; was M.LM84.'i-5'l, and was ciin>iiicuous 
in adrocalin;; the aiini'.xatiun ul' Texa>, the 
tarilf ol 1846, the war-nivosurvs of Polk's 
udiniiiistratiuii, and a honic.^tejd bill ; was 
Vfov. ol Teiin. I'runi 185.1 to 185"; and U.S. 
senator liu:n 18.')7 lo 186.3. The resulnte oppo- 
nent of sel■l•^.^ion, he was unwearied in his ef- 
forts to npliold the national cause durin;^ the 
early sia;:e> of the Keliellion ; and, on the re- 
oicuputiun of Nuishville In I8C2, he was app. hy 
Pics. Lincoln niiiitury-gov. of Tenn. ; was 
nominated vicc-pies. i<y tlie Ualtimorc conven- 
tion uf 1864 ; and on the assassination uf Prcs. 
Lincoln, April 15, 1805, succeed>^^d him in the 
pivsideiilial chair. At Hr>t lie displ.iyed a 
spirit of much severity to the rebels, but was 
afterwards su favoralde lu ihein, and so hostile 
to the nvuiistrui'iioii policy of Conj^ress, that 
he wa^ iinpeachcd by that bi^dy ; tricil, and ac- 
quitted, 2u .May, 1868, — 35 vuiinj; him Kiiiliy, 
19 voting not liuilty. Uuriu); his presidency 
the sub-marine tele^raphie e.ible was success- 
fully laid, anil congiatn.atory nics^a^es were 
e.\e'lianj;ed a8 Julv, 1866. In 1806 he received 
the de;;ree uf LL.I). from the U. of X. C. 
His spee.hes, with a Memoir by Frank Moure, 
Were pnli. in 1805. 

Johnson, Autkm.vs X., b. Middlelmry, 
Vt , 1SI7. Author of "Instructions in ThoV- 
ouj,'h Uass," 1844; -'Choir Chorus-Book," 
1847; •• Bay State Coll.," 1849; " Meludia Sa- 
cra," 1852; " llandelColl.," 1854; " Instruc- 
tiuii in llannuny upon the IVslaluzzian System," 
18.54, &c. Kdilor Liosloit Mnsiiul ti'(i«/(t, and 
Uosl. Mils. JutiniaJ, — AilihoHe. 

Johnson, (Ji;n. Busmiou R., b. Ohio, 
Sept. 0, 1817. West Point, 1841". Entering 
llie 3d Inf., he liecanie Isl lieut. Feb. 29, 1844; 
served in die Florida and Me.\icuii wars ; re- 
signed Oct. I'l, 1847, lo become piof. of math. 
HI the Western .\Iilit. Inst., Ueor:;etoivn. Ky. ; 
in 1855 he became )iruf. in the Nashville Mi'lit. 
U., and held the utfice when the civil war be- 
gun in 1861. Juiiiiiig the Confed. army, he was 
made brig -gen. Jan. 24, 1862; and was cap- 
tured at Fort Uonelson, but soon alierward cs- 
capeil ; he was severely wounded in the battle 
of Shiloh , made miij.-gen. in 1864; com. di- 
vision in Anderson's 4tli corjis when tape's ar- 
my siiiivmlered. 

Johnson, Cavb, lawyer and statesman, b. 
Uolhilsi.ii lo., Tenn. , Jan. II, 1793; d. 
Clarksville, Tenn., Nov. 23, 1866. Hestudied 
and practised law ; and lor some vears was 
circuit judge; M.C. 1829-37, and \n 1839-45, 
when he entered Mr. Polk's cabinet as post- 
masu-r-geii. ; pies, of the Bank of Tenn. from 
1850 to 1859 ; during the secession war he was 
chosen by tlie Union party to the State senate ; 
but fieb e health prevented hi» taking his scat. 

Johnson, ChaI'Man, lawver, b. Liniisa 
Co . Va., .March, 1779 ; d. Kichiiiond, Va., Ju- 
ly 12, 184J. Win. and M. Coll. 1802. He 
studied law under St. George Tucker ; begun 



practice at Staunton in 1802; soon became 
pruiiiincnt ; and in 1824 he moved lo Kieh- 
inond. During the war of 1812 he was eapt. 
of u vol. coiiip., and uftorwanls served a^ aide 
to Gen. James Breckeniidgc; he was in the 
State Senate from IS15 lo 1831 ; iiiemlicr of 
the State Const. Conv. in 1829-.'10; and was 
there the champion of the "White Basin 
party " 

Johnson, D.wid, gor. S.C. 1846-8, b. 
Va. 1782; d. I.iincstono Springs, S.l'., Jan. 7, 
1855. Son of Christopher, a Baptist preacher. 
Adiii. to the bar in S.C. in 1805; member of 
the S.C legisl. in 1812; solicitor uf the mid- 
dle cireuit Uniuu districi, 1812-15; cirenii 
judge 1815-24; judge of the Court of Appeals 
1824-35; cliuncellor 1835-16.— O'.Vra//* Acw- 
fci/ry. 

Johnson, Kastman, i/nne painter, b. Lor- 
ell. Me. Ills father was lung an officer in the 
U. S. treasury, depart. The son iie(|iiircd by 
his crayons the means for European study, and 
has produe-Cil many excellent pictures ; among 
them are " The l)raiuiner-Boy," " The Pen- 
sion Claim - Agent," " Snndiiy Morning," 
" The Old Kenlueky Home," " Savoyard- 
Boy, " " .Mount Vermin Kiiclien," " I him- 
nev-Swci'p," &c. — T'lcL-i-rtnan. 

■Tohnson, Edwaku, historian, b. Heme 
Hill, Iveni, Eng., 1599; d. Wubiirn, 23 Ape. 
1672. lie is supiKised to have cuinc to New 
Eng. with Gov. Wiiuhrop, 1630; was promi- 
nent in llie organization of the town and 
chureh of Woburii in 1642; was captain of 
its military company ; was chosen its represen- 
tative in 1643, andiinnnally re-eleiteil, with the 
exception uf 1648, until 1671 ; speaker of the 
hous..- in 1655; in 1665 he was on the com., 
with Bradstreet, Danlorlh, an<l others, to meet 
the conimissioiiers Nicolls, Carr, &c., who had 
U'cn sent Iruiu England ; he was recorder of 
the town from its incor|ii>ration till liis death. 
His " Wonder-working Piwidcnee of Siun's 
Saviour in New England," a history of the 
conntiy from the English planting in 1629 to 
1652, nas pub. in Loud, in 16.54, and reprint- 
ed in " The Ms. Hist. Colls. ; " and again, with 
notes, by W. F. Poole, in 1867. 

Johnson, Euwakd, maj.-gon. C S.A., b. 
Ky. all. 1817. West Point, 18-38. Entering the 
Oi'h Inf., he became 1st lieut. Oct. 9, 1839; 
was brev. capt. for gallantry at .Moiino del 
Key, Sept. 8; and muj. for Chapulte|a-c, Sc|.t. 
13, 1847; disting. in the capture- uf the city; 
liccame capt. 15 April, 1851 ; and resigned 
June 111, 1861; became a brig. -gen. in the Con- 
fid, army ; inaj.-geii. May 20, 1863 ; and com. 
a div. in Ewell s curpsal Gettysburg ; captured 
with his division at Sputisylvania, 12 May, 
1864 ; again captured while coinmandiiig di- 
vision in lien. S. I>. Lee's corps at the battle of 
Dec. 16, 1864, near Nashville. After the war, 
he had the elTrontery to call on the U. S. 
treas. for arre-ars of pay due him at the time 
of his desertion lo the reliels. 

Johnson, Cot.. Gl-v, lovali<t, b. Ireland 
all. 1740; d. Loud. .Mar. 5.' 1788. Ho m. a 
daii. uf Sir Win. Juhn-un, and at his death, in 
1774, succeeded him as supt. nf the Indian 
dept., having lung ln-eii his deputy. He served 
against the French in 1757; cum. a company 



JOH 



489 



JOEC 



of Ran;,'crs under Amherst in 1739 ; and was 
Bome time Indian a;;ent at Montreal. His in- 
temperate zeal lor the kinj; caused the first af- 
fray in Tryon Co. ; anil Uuy Hed to -Montreal. 
After a visit to Knjj., he hmded at Staten Is- 
land in Aiip;. 1776, and was a mana;;er ot the 
old theatre in John St., N.Y. Afterward join- 
ing Brant and the Mohawks, lie partieipated 
in their bloody exploits, and was in the battles 
of Cheinnn;; and Newtown in Western X.Y., 
between tin m ami Gen. Sullivan, iu 1779. His 
estates were eonSscated; and he d. in Eng., a 
petitioner for relief 

Johnson, Sir Hi2NRy, a British tren.. b. 
Dublin. 1748; d. Mar. 18, 1835 Bart. Oet. 
3, 181S He entered the army in 1761 ; eapt. 
2Sth Foot, Dee. 1763; lieut.-eol. 17th, Oet. 
1778; col. Dec. 1782; mnj.-gen. Dec. 1793; 
gen. Apr. 1808. While stationed in Phila. he 
ni. Rebecca Franks, celebrated for her wit. He 
coin, a batt. of light inf. early in the Revol. 
war, and was severely wounded ; and, while in 
com. at Stony Point, was surprised by Gen. 
Wayne in the night of July l.">, 1779, and 
UKule prisoner with his whole force. He re- 
turned to Eng. after the capture of Yorktown, 
and distiiig. himself during the Irish rebellion 
at Vineg.ir Hill, and at New Ross in 1798. 

Johnson, HiiNRT, statesman, b. Temi. 
Stpt. 14, 178.3 ; d. Point Cou]iee, La., Sept. 4, 
1864. He adopted the profession of law ; app. 
clerk of the second Superior Court, La., 1809 ; 
judge Pari,-h Court ol St. .Marv, 1811 : mem- 
ber of the La. Const. Couv. 181;!, U.S. sena- 
tor from La. 1818'-24 ; gov. lS:i4-8; M. C. 
183.5-9, and again U.S. senator in 1844-9. 
His wife was dau. of Francis Key, author of 
the " The Star-spaniilcd Banner." 

Johnson, HiiR.M.i.v M., S.T.D. (Wesl. U. 
1832), LL.I)., Methodist elergvmau and author. 
Pres. ot Dick. Coll., Pa. (1860-8), h. Otsego 
Co , N.Y., Nov. 25, 1815 ; d. Carlisle, Apr. 3, 
1868. Wesl. U. 1839. Prof of .an ■ient lan- 
guages in St. Charles Coll., Mo., 1839-42, and 
in Aug. Coll., Ky., 1842-4; prof, of ancient 
linguages and literature in the O. Wesl. U. 
at Delaware, 0., 1844-.50 ; prof of pliilos. and 
En-lish lit. in Dick. Coll. 18.')0-6O. He pub. 
the "Clio "of Herodotus iu 1850. Edited " OW- 
ftiliilia Aiitir/iiarla Ileroiloti," and at his death 
had nearly ready a German work on " Syno- 
nymes." He was a frequent and able contrib. 
to the Mflhodisl QmirUrh/ Ilrview and other 
magazines, and was very popular and interesting 
as a ]>reacher. 

Johnson, Herschel V., Democ. politi- 
cian, b. Burke Co., Ga., Sept. 18, 1812. U. 
of Ga. 1834. He studied law ; practised in 
Augusta; removed lo Jeff. Co. in 1839, and 
acquired extensive business, but in 1844 locat- 
ecl himself near Milledgeville. U.S. senator 
in Feb. 1848, to fill a vacancy; judge of the 
Sup. Conn, Nov. 1849-Aug. 1853; gov. Nov. 
IS53 10 1857; candiilatc for vice-prcs. on the 
Douglas ticket in 1860. Subsequently a mem- 
ber of the Confed. senate. 

Johnson, Isaac, one of the founders of 
Ms., b. Ciipsham, Rutlandshire, Eng. ; d. Bos- 
ton, Sept. .30, 16.30. He came over with Wiu- 
throp, arriving at Salem, June 12, 16.30; was 
one of the 4 who founded the fir:>t church at 



Charlestown on July 30 ; and Sept. 7 he con 
ducted the first settlement of Boston. He was 
a good and wise man, and was the wealthiest 
of the Colonists. Arbella, or Akabei.la, 
his wife, dau. of Thomas, 14tli Earl of Lincoln, 
acconip. her husband to N. E., and d. in Salem 
ab. Aug. 30, 1630. In honor of her, the name 
of " The Eagle," Winthvop's ship, was changed 
to " The Arbella." — 5ee iV. E. H. and Gen. 
!:<</. viii. 339. 

Johnson, Isaac, gov. of La. 1845-50; d. 
New Orleans, Mar. 15, 185.3. 

Johnson, Sir John, son of Sir William, 
b. 1742; d. Montrenl, Jan. 4, 1830. He suc- 
ceeded to the title and estates of his father, as 
well as to the post of maj.-gen. in the N.Y. 
militia, to which he was app. in Nov. 1774. 
Early in 1776 the Whigs attempted to secure 
his ]jerson ; and Sir John, with ab. 700 fol- 
lowers, Hed to Canada. He was soon com- , 
missioned a col. ; raised two battalions, called 
the Royal Greens ; and became one of the 
most active and one of the bitterest foes that 
the Whigs encountered during the contest. 
He invested Fort Stauwix in Aiig. 1777, and 
defeated Gen. Herkimer; and iu Oct. 1780 
was himself defeated by Gen. Van Rensse- 
laer at Fox's Mills. In predatory enterprises 
the Royal Greens earned an infamous celebri- 
ty. Soon after the close of the contest. Sir 
John went to Eng., but returned in 1785, and 
resided in Canada. He was supt. of Indi- 
an afTairs until his decease; and for several 
years he was also a member of the legisl. coun- 
cil of Canada. The British Govt , to compen- 
sate him tor his losses, made him several grants 
of lands. His son. Sir Adam Gordon Johnson 
(b. 1781), succeeded to his M\e. — Sahine. 

Johnston, Ma.t. John, Revol. officer, and 
port..|j;unter; d. Boston, 27 June, 1818, a. 66. 
After the war he .settled in Boston, .ind left 
many strong likenesses of men of his time. 
He was deficient in drawing. — Kmip/i. 

Johnson, Joii.v, chancellor of Md., b. An- 
napolis ; d, Ualtiinore, Oct. 4, 1856. 

Johnson, .Ioslpu, bro. of Win., physician, 
politician, and author, b. Charleston, S.C, 
June 15, 1776. U. of Pa. 1797. His father 
was one of the pri.soncrs of war on parole, who, 
in violation of the terms of capitulation, were 
consigned to a prison-ship, and finally trans- 
ferred to St. Augustine. He studied med. 
and began practice in Charleston with Dr. 
Poinsett. He was pres. of the U.S. branch 
Bank iu 1818-33 ; was long mayor of Charles- 
ton. Was an active leader of the Union 
party iu the nullification controversy. Many, 
years commiss. of the public schools ; pres. 
of the Apprentices' Library Assoc, since its 
establishment in 1836, and for more than 60 
years a niemlx-r of the S.C. society, and 20 
years its presiding officer. He became a mem- 
ber of the S.C. Med. Soc. in 1797, and its 
)ires. in 1807 ; and was an efficient worker in the 
Literary and Philos. Soc. He has pub. many 
treati.ses, essays, and orations, and " Traditions 
and I{ciniiiiscenccs of the Revol.," 1851. 

Johnson, Joshua, merchant, b. Calvert 
Co., Md. ; d. Frederickton, Md., Apr. 21, 1802. 
One of 1 1 bios., 5 of whom, including 1 homaa 
(gov. of Md.), were in the public service during 



joa 



490 



JOB 



the Rcvnl. A mcrcliani in Lnnd., when the war 
bn>ki- out lie inuviHl (u I'aris. wlieiv lie was 
in 1 778 ii|ip. Iiv Coii;rr»»* I'onimeriitti ii);eni. 
Fpuin Aliiy. lT8:t, nniil his ntum to the L'.S, 
in IK't. W.I7. he Wiis consul-t.'en. ill Lonil. ; «f- 
tcrwiinl aU|iI. of stumps. Juhii Quincr Adams 
in. Ills. <l.in. lA>ui>a. 

Johnson, Sir X.ituasiel. t:\iv of South 
Caivliiia (l7(i;t-9); .1. 171M. lie wiis a mill- 
Ian iiiiin ; liail Ixvn soiue lime an M.l'. ; and 
fioin 1686 to 16S9 gov. ol Xevis, St. Cliri>to- 
plitr"s, MontM;irat, and Anii;;ua. When So. 
Carolina was invadi-d in 1706, lie dd'eatiHl the 
enemy with the lo^s of theifi-om. and .'too men. 
To liini i> a>orilietl the merit of tir>t introdiieing 
the eiiliivaiinii nlbiik in the |irovini-e in 170.3. 

Johnson, rtTKii. jnUge, b. I'r. Kdw. Co., 
Va. ; d. Alan^-don, Va., .May, IS4S. Lieiil. in 
L*c's Le;;ion ; and di-ttin;.-. at the yiegv of Au- 
);usia, and le<l ihe forlorn hope at the smrniin;' 
of l''t. Watson. After the war, uei|nirvd distinc- 
tion at the bar ; and was hpoakur of the Vo. 
lepi-l.. and a jndgo. 

Johnson, liKVERDV, jurist, h. Annapolis, 
Mil.. .May 21. 1796. St. John's Coll. Uc 
studied law with his father, who was eliicf jus- 
lice of that dist. AdiD. to the lurin I SI 5; and 
in 1817 he removed to Baltimore, where he 
pnictised many years. In 1820-1 was chief 
coiumiss. of insolvent debtors, and then served 
two terms ill the State senate ; U 8. senator 
from 1843 to 1849, when he lieeame U.S. aliy.- 
tfn. under Prt'S. I'aylor. t)ii the nccesslon of 
rrrs. Killmore he tnriie<l his whole attention to 
his prok'ssion, praciisin:; chiefly in the U.S. 
Supreme Court. Dilejjatc to the I\iice Con- 
Teiition Feb. 1861 ; U.S. senator 1863-8 ; min- 
ister to Ore II Uriiain 1868-9; and nc^tiated 
a Irviity. which was rcjettcil by the U S. sen- 
ate. Mr. .Johnson took an active part in the 
prcparaiion of 7 vols, of IJe|>oris of Deeisions in 
the Court of Appeals, .Mil., kmiwn a* " Harris 
and .I..hn~on's Kc|iorts," 1820-7. 

Johnson, Ruhard Mkntur, soldier and 
politiii.in. Ii. Uryaiu's Station, Ky., Oct. 17, 
1781 ; d. Frankfort, Ky., Nov. 19, I's.'iO. Trau- 
sylv. U. lie studiinl law, and practised with 
success. Member of the Ky. lecisl. in ISO.'); 
ami niisetl « rejjt. of cnv. in 1812. lie .serve»l 
with piilantry under Harrison ; coin, in a skir- 
mish at Chatham. V.C , Oct. 4, 1813 ; and at 
the baitleof thcThaines (Oct. &. I8i:)) distin);. 
himself, and was dan;^;l'ouslr wounded. M C. 
1807-19 and 1829-37; U.s' senator 1819-29 ; 
vice-pii's. of the U S. 1837-41 ; snhsei]uently a 
memlier of the State le:;isl. In 1814 he was 
npp.' by I'res. .Mailison Indian comniiss. He 
was the author of tlic law al>olishin<; imprison- 
iiienl for debt in Ky. When chairman of ihc 
committee <m |iost-oflii-os in the senate, he 
made a rrp>in apiiust the sns|irnsio>i of the 
Snndav mails; ami also exerted himself in be- 
half iil'stildicrs of the Uevol., and of the war of 
1812. who applied tor [wnsions. His father. 
Col. ItonERr. an early settler of Kv., d. Galla- 
tin Co., Oct. 1813 Hisbt\i.J\>lK» ('.M C. 1825- 
6. Iicni.-(id. under him in the liatile of the 
Thami-s) d. Div. 1826. — .>iv liiaj. of I'ol. It. 
.1/.. I„, .iJfl hi'xru-oitiii, 12mo, 18.34,' lioston. 

Johnson, UiciiARn W . br»'v. inaj.-;;cn. 
C S.A., b. Liviiij;ston Co., Ky., Feb. 7, 1827. 



West Point, 1849. Enterinir the filh, he after 
won! joined the 1st Inf.; Mar. 1835 lie became 
I St lieul. 2d Cav., in which he was also qnar- 
term.antd Dec. 1, 1856, when hcwiunnuh rapt., 
and serveil aj^ainst the Indians on the Tcxnn 
Irontier. He served as capt. ol cav. under Uens. 
Patterson and Uanks until 28 Aai:. I8C1, ami 
was then made lieut.-col. .3d Ky. Cav. ; mado 
bri;;.-pcn. vols. Oct. II. 1861, he was assigned a 
brigade in Cien. Uucll's army ; was preMnt at 
the advance on Corinth, and. May 28. routed a 
rebi-1 lorvc in his front ; in July, 1862, he i-om. 
a division of that army in Ala. He was laken 
prisoner at (iailatin, Tcnn , Aug. 21, by a grvat- 
iy su|>crior I'or^e under Morgan, and exchanged 
ab. \hv. I, and placed in com. 12th division uf 
the ri;;lii wing of the Army of the Cuinlierland, 
20th army corps. He displayeil great gallantry 
at the bailies of Stone Itivcr. Chlckaiiiauga, 
Missionary Kidgc, and the Atlanta campaign ; 
and was sevetviy wounded ut New Hope Ch. 
28 May, 1864. Com. division ol cavalry at the 
battle of Xiishville, for which brev. brig.-gen. 
U.S.A. 16 DiT. 1864 ; and 13 Mar. 1805 bn». 
maj -gen. U.S.A. for gallant ser\-ii-vs daring the 
Rebellion ; and retired with full rank 12 Oct. 
1867. — (W/hiii. 

Johnson, Robert, gov. of S.C. 1719, and 
from 17.'iO to his d. at Charleston, MavS, 1735. 
In 1731 he made a trvaty with the Ciierokces. 
He aided Ogleihor|)C and the first settlers of 
Ga. with food and escort. The sellleinent uf 
I'urrysliury by 600 Swiss under Col. Peter 
Purrv was made duriu',; his term. 

Johnson, Rosa Vlrtn-bb, loet.h. Natchet, 
Mpi. Mr. Giiliith, her faihcr, author of many 
popular ludian stories, d. 1833. Ilerrarlydaxs 
were pavseil at liurlingloD, near Fort Gil>- 
son, >lpi. Her parents went to Ky. when s!:e 
was 10. and she was educated at UlslHip Smith's 
sem., lA-xingion, Ky. At 17 she m. Clamlc M. 
Johnson, n L/niislana planter. In 1830 she iK>- 
came a rontrib. to the Ijouisriilt JoHmnl, and 
subsei|ucntly to the Homr JoMwtl. Uer po>'ms 
werv pub. in Iloston, 1837. She is u n-side. t 
of lA-xiiigtoii, Ky. 

Johnson, Samueu D.D. (Oxf. I743j, 

first pres of King's (now Columbia) Coll., X ^ . 
(1734-6.3), b. GuilfonI, Ct., Oct. 14, 1696 ; d. 
Stratfonl. Cl , Jan. 6, 1772. Y.C. 1714. In 
1716 Y.Coll. was estab. at Xew Haven, and 
Mr. Johnson was app. tutor. In 1720 he be- 
came a prcuehcrat West Harcn, and, embracing 
soon alter the Kpisco|uiliau faith, he in 17;^°.i 
went to Eng. to obtain onlination. Alter re- 
ceiving the de::Tve of .MA. at Oxfonl ami 
Canibriilge. he reiunied in 1723, and scttletl at 
Stratfonl. By the people at large he was 
irvatiHl as n schismatic and ap»sti\te, and con- 
tinually thwarted; the objei-I being to drive 
him from the country. Returning to Stratfonl 
in 1703, he resunied his |>nstoral functions, 
which he continuc^l till his death. He was a 
man of great learning, judgment, and bencvo- 
lencx". l)r. John.son's publications were chicly 
controversial. In 1746 he pub. a work on 
ethics, entitled " A System of .Morality; " and 
in 1752 a i-oin|>end of logic and mciaphrsics, 
and another of ethics, originally pre|iared lor 
the use of his sons : the two latter were print- 
ed in Phila. bv l>r. Franklin as text-liooks lot 



JOH 



491 



JOH 



the C of Pa. Also author of an Kngliih 
uiul a lUbrew Granimar, 8vo, 1767. His Me- 
iniiirs, bv his fiicml Ur. Chandler, apiicareci in 
1805. 

Johnson, Samoel, clerKvmnn, h. Salem, 
Ms.,(Xt.lU,18:>2. HU.1842"; Div. Sell. 1843. 
Pastor of a " Free Church " in I.vnn, Ms., 
since 18.').'!. He has never connectcii himself 
with any reli(;ious dcnoniinaiion, tli(iu;;li near- 
er the Unitarian thun any other. Ah. 1846, in 
conjunction with Rev. S. Longfellow, he piih. a 
vol. of sacred poetry, "Hymns of the Spirit." 

Johnson, Thom.vs, statesman, li. Calvert 
Co., M.I , 17.!2; d. Rose Hill, near Krtderiek- 
town, Oct. '26, 1819. Having previously to 
the Kevol. attained great distinction at the 
bar, he was in 1774 a member of the iMd. 
com. of corrcsp. ; was a delegate to Conjrrcss 
in 1775-7, and (;ov. of the State in 1777-9. 
He was assoc. justice of the U.S. Siiprcnio 
Court from 1791 to 179.3, when he resigned. 
Ill 1801 he declined the app. of chief justice 
of the l)i-.t. of Columljia. 

Johnson, Waltkr Rogkhs, phvsicist, b. 
Lcomi .>icr, M-., June 21, 1794; d. VVashing- 
ton, D.C , Apr. 26, IS.rJ. H U. 1819. He 
engaged in teaching at Kramingbatn, at Salem, 
and at Germantown, I'a, liom 1821 to 1826; 
and from 1826 to 1837 held the chair of me- 
chanics and nat. philos. in the high .school at 
Phila. Ho delivered a course of lectures on 
mechanics and philosophy ; and was also en- 
gaged in scientific researches on the strength 
of materials, and the best constrn<'tion of 
steam-boilers, on steam, heat, electricity, mag- 
netism, &c. From 1839 to 1843 bo was prof, 
of chemistry and physics in the U. of Pa. He 
then began, under the authority of Congress, 
investigations. into the character of the dilferent 
varieties of coal. His report on this subject 
was pub. in 1844. In 1845, by app. of the 
city autbiirities of Boston, he examined the 
sources from which a supply of pure water 
might be brought to that city. For the next 
3 years he was engaged in preparing and adapt- 
ing several of the works of the German phj si- 
cists, Kiiapp, Miiller, and Wicsbaeh. He was 
first sec. of the Assoc, for the Advancement of 
Science. In 1848 he removed to Washington, 
wliere he was connected with the Smithsonian 
Institution; and in 1851 visited Europe, where 
he was connected with the Lond. World's Fair, 
lie pub. " Coal-Trade of Brit. Amer.," &,c., 
1850; " Use of Anthracite in the Manuf. of 
Iron," 12mo, Host. 1841 ; and " Memoir of 
L. 1). Von Schweinitz," 1835. 

Johnson, Sir William, gen., b. Smith- 
town, Cii. Mcatb, Irelainl, 1715 ; d. near .lohn.s- 
town, FultunCo., N.Y., July 11, 1774. Young- 
er son of Christopher, an Irish gentleman of 
good lamily. Educated for mercantile life, an 
unsuccessful love-affair entirely changed his 
career. In 1738 be came to Amer. to manage 
the property of his uncle, Adm. Sir Peter War- 
ren ; established himself upon a tract of land on 
the soniii side of the Mohawk Valley, ab. 24 
miles from Schenectady, N.Y. ; and embarked 
in trade with the Indians, whom he alwavs 
treated with perfect honesty and justice. 6y 
acquainting bimself with their language, and 
accommodating himself to their manners and 



dress, bv his easy, dignified, and aflTahle manner, 
he won their contiilence ; acquiivil over them 
an iiiHuence greater than was ever possessed 
by any other white man ; and was adopted by 
the Mohawks as one of their tribe, and chosen 
sachem. At the outbreak of the Ficncli war 
in 1743, Johnson was made sole supt. of the 
Indians, and preserved the frontier from injury 
until the peace of Aix la Chapelle in 1748. 
In 1750 he was ajip. a member of the Prov. 
Council. He was instrumental in settling the 
quarrel which in 1753 arose between the Alba- 
ny board of co.iimiss. and the Indians, but de- 
clined having any thing further to do with In- 
dian affairs. In 1754 ho was a delegate to the 
congress at Albany, and also attended a grand 
council held with the Indians. Apr. 14, 1755, 
he was at the council of Alexandria; commiss. 
by Braddock "sole supt. of the Six Nations; " 
and created a maj.-gen. and com. -in-chief of 
the expcd. against Crown Point. Sept. 8, 1 755, 
he defeated Baron Dicskau at Lake George. 
Johnson, who was wounded in the hip, received 
the thanks of parliament, £5,000, and a baron- 
etcy (Nov. 27, 1755), for his vic:ory. In Mar. 
1 756, George II. commiss. him "col. agent, and 
sole supt. of the aflf^iirs of the Six Nations and 
<)tlicrnorihLrn Indians," with a salary of £600. 
He held this office for the rest of his life. He 
was engaged with bis Indians in the abortive 
attempts to relieve Oswego and Fort William 
Henry, and at the repulse of Abercrombie 
at Ticondcroga in 1758; second in com. of 
Prideaux's exped. against Fort Niagara in 
1759, upon whose death he took the com.-in- 
chief. He continued the siege with vigor ; cut 
to pieces tlie French army sent to its relief 
(July 24) : and the garrison surrendered at dis- 
cretion. With his Indian allies, he partook in 
1760 in the exped. of Amherst, which was 
ended by the capture of Montreal and the sur- 
render of Canada to the British. For his ser- 
vices he received from the king a tract ol' 100,- 
000 acres of land, north of the Mohawk, long 
known as " Kingsland," or the " Royal Grant." 
He gave great attention to agriculture, and 
fii-st introduced sheep and blood-horses into 
the Mohawk Valley. He lived in baronial style, 
and exercised the most unbounded hospital- 
ity. By his wife, Catharine Wisenl)urgh, 
who d. yonng, he had John, knighted in 
1765, and two daughters, who in. respectively 
Col. Clans and Col. Guy Johnson. By " Mol- 
ly," the sister of the great Mohawk sachem 
lirant, with whom he lived happily till his 
death, he had 8 chililren. Sir William was the 
author of a paper on the " Customs, Manners, 
and Lan"U.iges of the Indians," in the P/iilos. 
Trmix. for Nov. 1772. JJfflu/ W L. Stoic, 1865. 
Johnson, William, LL.D. (Ham. Coll, 
1819), lawyer, b. Middletown, Ct., 1763; d. 
N.Y., July, 1848, Y,C. 1788. He settled In 
N.Y. ; soon became eminent at the bar ; was 
reporter of the N.Y. Sup. Court in 1806-23, 
and of the Court of Chancery in 1814-23. In 
1838 he pub a Digest of Cases in these courts 
from 1799 to 1836, in 2 vols. 8vo ; N.Y. Sup. 
Ct. Reps. 1799-1803, 1808-12, 3 vols. 8vo ; 
do. 1806-23, Phila. 1839, 20 vols. 8vo ; N.Y. 
Chancery Reps., &c., 1814-23, 7 vols. 8vo, 
1836. Translator of Azuni's " Princlppii del 



JOB 



4M 



JOB 



'. *' - -:iW on * p'- ■ <m 

J.-iiason, VTiua**. U-D. (X.J. C» v«». Aa »r th« 



■■>»ptrat> ».i - g t m . 

-: .->it»l tie inTS«Ur 

.-^ of ib« coaiiiT <win» ; 

-..*tfrAf«lAi bv tlir riiv«ii 



hris.-p«». 
tbc trrxy 

CPiv, 

the ^ 

■■ ibr aroiv of th 



. n. m 

MD Clattouc arrif* ami 

:.•. ."'l?-. v.- >. IS«J' - . >»»* 

Mr«raT. inherits h» •- H.* 

moibrr. Chi '. 'i- ira 

Rowiwa, » ~ -Ah 

(aatbor c: .> k 

mc-no'^cr . ■- 

ir> 

A: 

Exr- 

ol to rtc: 



prv»11Kk:*MI 

of iV ilk 



IIU. pOT, tt S.C ftxMB 

• 1 Aug, ITii b^ Sco»- 

i «f Kbcral ripvii: • 

ratal I— fgr i ni 

T Ik was cdainwrf. 

: r^^KMis arc fii>aa4 ia ilw 

. be wTMv afttr bi* fcaoral 

r bit adaraisiruiaa ib« 

n pofwIaMM. availk. aad 

- tbe ablet* ami mm* >«e> 

.^ioaial {.mti a w i at K O. 

..:' N.C bT tbe ia t a i a n of 

' i.miii^lDa. — 'Sf» Liji tf^tiiit. 



bt oi^^aaitoJ 



:> bna in <a> 
.. IS3S. ia IS.- 
c\|oL agaiaa* tb« 



t^l Cx^il^rft*.. la CN>r.st-^«ivx - 



493 



JOH 



peiol with $ome of i^s members, refuse-.t to hoM 
mwrwurw wiih hiai. «nd he reiiinwJ home. 
In 177^ he made in piiriijuuent avicilem aitaek 
on Lord Howe tor his conduct ot" the Amer. 
w-ir. .\j\r. 16, 17S2, he was )i!Mcko>) at I'ort 
Prava hv Adm, Sullren; and. notvrith.-tand- 
ing his supcrioritv of fotv*, ^incvi no advan- 
lajre over the hrave Fnfnchman. He tou^ht a 
doe! with Lord Georjjc liennaine in 1770, and 
w»s eonstauily involTwi in quarrels and litiga- 
tion. 

Johnston, Col. John-, b. near Bally- 
shannon, Irvland, Mar. So. 1775; d. Washins- 
lon, D.C., .\pr. 19, 1S61. He came with his 
pantnts to the U.S. in 17S6 ; settled in Cum- 
t)er)and Co., Vx. : wats with \Tavne"s army on 
the <.>hio in 1792-3 ; a cletk in tlh? w:ir dept- ; 
a^nt lor Indian affiiirs in the North-west for 

SI V.-- ^ ' • — ' ■ ■ ^>. forOhio; 

p»_\: 1S12: and 

c\Mi, lis tor their 

rem -!.-- ■ ve mcml>cr 

of tih; Ma^-uiv iiaiviiiuv, ai.u was pros, of the 
Hi>u and Phiios. Soe."<f Ohio. His " Ac- 
count of the Indi.in Tribes of Ohio '" is in 
■'Amer. Anti*}. Soc. Colls.," v. 

Johnston, Joux. DJ).. b. Mont<romerT, 
Ulster Co.. X. v.. 2S Jan. I77S ; d. Priucetoii, 
N.J . 23 Au^. ISoo. X.J. Coll. ISOl. D.D. 
of Lai. Coli. 1 ;4+S, Ord. at Xew Windsor and 
XewUur^ in A\v. 1S07, and pastor at Xewbur^ 
livim Apr. Ijioiohisd. A director of Prince- 
ton Thool. Scm from 1S17. and ftvim 1S40 a 
trustee of X. J. Coil. His " Aa!ohio<r- and 
Jiiuisterial Lite" was ftiited by J. Camahan, 
D.D.. X.Y. lSo6. — c?y»\w»"- 

Johnston, Jons, 1!L.D. (MrK. Coll. 
ISoO), h. BnMol. Me-. Aug. 23. 1S«6. Bowd. 
Coll. 1 Si2. Prof. nat. science ia Weslcyan V. 
since 1 S>;3. Aiiihor of " L.emcnts of Chemis- 
try ; " •• Manual of Natural Phiio>ophy," 6ih 
ed. lSo7. Ld. of ■■ Or. Turner's Chemistry." 

Johnston, Joseph Ecclestos. sen. 
C.S.A.. b. Prince Edward Co.. Va.. Fob- rS07. 
West IVint. 1S29. His mother, a Mi» Wood, 
was a niece of Patrick Henrw Entering the 
4th An., he became Ut. lieut. JulySl, I$36; 1st 
licuL top<^. engineers, July 7, 1S3S ; was brer. 
capt. for gallantry in the war with the Fla. 
Indians, Aug. 1S42; capt Sept. 21, IS46; be- 
came lieut.Vol. Voltigeurs, Feb. 16. 1S47 ; 
was severely wounded while reconnoitri\ig at 
Cerro Gordo. -Vyr !i. 1547; .;r ; brev. lieut.- 
col. and cv>: ' .i! Cbapnl- 

tepcc, » hi icd ; was 

distin" a: ■ . ! Rey ard 

in :' -; ' ■ 

1*4- 

g; .:. 

bri. 



the > 

con. 

in " 

ia t; 

before ;iii. 

took com. 

chaiging t: 

ptil?«\i at Wi L'„^•,•J^, 



.\:.r. 



Ue 



-on 

- jUSt 

^ . .A;:n.irard, 

it without 

Attle. Re- 

M.;\ .i. he retreated 

towanis Richmond. At the battle of Fair 



Oaks, M.iy SI, 1S62, he was desperatel* 
woundcvl, anil was for several months unable 
to t.-«ke the lield. In Sept- IS62. he was as- 
sigm-tl to the com. of the country west of tira 
Mpi. In the following campaigns he ably oyt- 
l<ose>l Orant and Shennan. but was stoadilv 
presjwd lack, and deteated in various biitiles": 
and 17 July, 1S64. he tnmcil over the com. of 
the Army of Venn, to Gen, Hood. E,-irly in 
Jan. he was ordcrod to the com. in S.C. : 15 
Mjir. IS65 was deA.'atetl by Sherman at Benton- 
ville: and Apr. 26, IS65, he surrendereii his 
entire armv to Slienuan at Durham Station, ' 
X.C. 

Johnston, Joslvh Stopdard, liiwyer 
and senator (l>to. of Albert Sidney), b. S;Uis- 
bury. Ct., Nov. 25, 17S4; d. .May 19. IS-'JS, by 
a steamboat explosion on the" Red River. 
Trans.. U. 1S03. At the age of sis he removed 
with his father. Dr. John Johnston, to the 
neighborhooil of M.iysville, Ky. Ue establi>hed 
hilU:^«lf in practice at Alexandria, in the Reil- 
river country, and was in a very short period 
advanced to the bench. Ue wasin 1S12 a lead- 
ing member of the H. of Assembly in the new 
State of La., and com. a regt, raised lor the 
defence of X. Orleans, in which, however, he 
was not in season to participate. Resuming 
his judgeship, he became M.C. in IJ21, and ia 
1S2-1 a senator, and was twice re-elected. As 
chairman of the com. on eommeive, he made a 
wry able report on the British co'.onial-trsdo 
question, which he al>o supported in a speech. 
Ue wrote one or two very able piunpblets, one 
of which was pub., with ids name, on the effv.-ct 
of the repeal of ihe dutv on su,nu-. 

Johnston, SAmri-i, LL D. (X. J. Coll. 

1*' "■ ' ;■• i statesman (nephew of Got, 

I- )ee, Scotland, Dec. 15, 1733; 

X.C. Aug. IS. 1S16. His 

: -■ over in 1736 ; hecarao suit.- 

gviL.aud acquired large lande.l estates. Satuuel 
was clerk of the Superior Court in Chowan 
Co. in 1 767-72. and w^.is also na«-al officer under 
the crown. He soon became noted as a lawyer 
and politician ; was elected to the Assembly in 
1769, and es^H>used the )«opnlar side. In 1773 
he became one of t.he st.tnding com. of inq-iiry 
and corrcsp ; was an active member of the tir^t 
two IVoT. Congresses, and p.-oiJed over llie Sd 
and 4ih. Au^' 3, 1775. he was made chair- 
man of the prov. council. ai:d virtually f:ov. 
of the Province; Sept. 1775 he wsis chosen 
treas- for the X. Di>u of N".C ; in 17-11-2 he 
was a member of the t'ont. Congress ; in 1 7:^J- 
9 sri^v of the St.-»te. presiding over the conven- 

■ 'i rejecied the Federal Constitntiun, 

. >rever. Iw supported with all his in- 
In 17S9 he prcs. over the conventioa 

-—opted the Fcder;il Constitution. He 

was U.S. senator from 17S9 to 1793. and judge 
of the Sup. Court from Feb. ISOO to XoV. 
mi3. 

Johnstone, Wiixi.ix Souter, a British 
gen.; d. Qiie(>ec, Jan. 2. ISIS. .\pp- licut. of 
marines 1755; capt. 17.^S; major. July 27, 
1775; lieut.-v-ol. Aug. 1779; col. 1790; iieul- 
gen. ISOl. He fought at Quebec and at Bun- 
ker's Hill, where he was severely woundcil in 
the leg. Originally named Souter, but commis- 
sioned Joliostone. 



JOH 



494 



JON- 



Johnston, Zaciiakhh F.. onpt. U.S.X. ; 
li. UuliiiiKin:, Slur. 17. 1859. Mia-liipin. Jan. 
1, I'ilS; lifut. .March 3. I8:J7; com. Feb. 27, 
1847. 

Joliet (zliu'-lC'tt). Louis, one of ilie dU- 
coviTci* o( the M|.i. Uivcr, h CJuebec. 1045 ; d. 
ab. 1700. lie wus cdiicu(e<l al the Jesuit Coll. 
ofQiieliec, but enj,M::cd In the fur-iriulo on the 
Western frontier. Selected by tJov. Froiitenac 
and Inlcndant Tulon to n»ecriuin the dia'ction 
and nionih of the Mpi., he started with Mar- 
quette and 5 others Iruin Green Uay in June, 
1673; ascended the Fox llivcr; and descended 
the Wi-coiisin to the Mpi., ilown which they 
sailed as fur as the Chickasaw country, below 
the enirunec of the Ark. They returned to 
Green Buy by way of the Illinois IJiver and 
J.,ake Michi'.'an, whence Joliet started alone for 
Qiieliec, haring journeyed 2.iU0 miles. He 
lost bis journal and other |iu|)ers in the rapids 
aliove Monlical, but wrote out frotn recollec- 
tion a narrative wliich a;;rees with that of .Mar- 
quette, and also prepared u map of the rc;;ion. 
The French Govl rewarded his services with 
the app. of hydro;;i'.>phcr to the kin;; and tho 
Island of Aniicosti. at the mouth of the St. Law- 
rence, where he built a house and fort for his 
family, intending; to embark in trade In 1691 
his island was captured by n British fleet, and 
bis property destroyed. The capital of Will 
Co., III., is named alter him. Apr. 30, IC97, he 
ulitaiiicd a grant of the sei.niory of Joliet, south 
of Quebec, sii.l in the |)ossession of some of his 
descendants. 

Jones, Ges. Alles, Revol patriot of Hal- 
ifax Co., X.C. Chosen bri;;.-(rcn. of Halifax 
dist. in Apr. 1776; delegate to the State Const. 
Conv. in that year; member Old Congress 
1779-SO; State senator 1784-7; and raeinter 
of the convention to adopt the U.S. Constitu- 
tion, which he advocated, while his bro. Wilic 
opposed it. — ]yiieel/r. 

Jones, Dr. Anso.s, Texan patriot, b. Dcrk- 
shire Co., .Ms., Jan. 20, 1798; <l. Houston, 
Tex., Jan. 8, 18.)8, by his own hand. He stud- 
ieil medicine at Litchtield, Ct.; was licensed to 
prnciise in 1820, and tried So. America, Phila., 
and New Orleans, without tniich professional 
success. Emigrnting to Brazoria, Texas, in 
18.33, he, as chairman of a meeting in Dec. 
1335, drew np resolutions in favor of a " decl. 
of indep. from Mexico," and of a conveniiin 
of the people of Texas to form a constitution, 
lie raised a military company ; was in the bat- 
tle of San Jacinto ; was judgc-udvocate-;ren., 
and hold other inilitarv positions in 18.36-7 ; 
member of the Texan Congress in 1837 ; min- 
ister to the U.S. in 1838-9; pros, of the sen- 
ate in 1840, and, ex officio, vice pres. of Texas; 
sec. of state 1841-4; prc.s. in 1845-6, and until 
the annexation to the US. His preference for 
the independence of Texa.i, rather than for its 
annexation to the U.S., rendered him uu|)opu- 
lar. He was an able diplomatist. In 1859 bis 
Journal, preceded by a brief Autobiography, 
was printe<l lor private circubiiion. 

Jones, .V vox t.v STASiiorE, actress, b. New 
York. July 12,1839; d.Xew York,Ocl.4, 1867. 
I):in. of "Count Jotnncs" and Mrs. Melinda 
Ji ncs. First upp. .\pr. 18. ISou, al Clncinuaii, 
as I'urthenia; and at the Boston Theatre, May 



18, 1857. She nficrunrd played successful en- 
gagements in many ci:ic9 ol the U.S., in Aus- 
tralia in ISOO, ami Ureal Britain in lSGI-2. 
Her husbiiiid, G. V. llnioke, an actor of repute, 
to whom she nn4 m. in 1862, was lost in "The 
London " in 1865. 

Jones, CATl-iT.aWcsiini jiionccr; uccomp. 
Daniel Boone to Ky., and, when Boone's dau. 
and another young woman wens captured by 
the Inilians, wusoneofilie 12 who rescued them 
from the Siivages. He wa- severely wounded 
in the arm wliile guanling with Boone the 
"Corn Patch " against the liidians; anil was 
an officer in tho Revol. w.ir. Afterwards join- 
ing the Friends, he became an acceptable min- 
ister in that society. He einigratcil Irom Va. 
to Columbiana Co', O., about the lirsl of the 
present century. Died in 1629. 

Jones, Charles A., (HMt, b. Phila. ab. 
1815; d. .Mill Creek, Hamiiion Co.. <).. July 4, 
1851. Son of Geo. \V. Jones of Phila Hia 
parents removed to Cincinnati when he was a 
child. He contrib. scvcnil pie<'es to the |in-ss, 
and in 1835 pub. " The Outlaw and other Po- 
ems." He praeti-cd law in Cincinnati ami New 
Orleans. In 1S39 he pub. in the Cin. (inzettr a 
series of satirical lyrics entitled " Aristopha- 
niana." His poctns were thoroughly \Vi>tcm 
in character and subject. — PwU aitd PoHry 
of thf Wtsl. 

Jones, Datid, jurist, b. Ovsicr Bar, L.I., 
Sept. 1699; d. Oct. II, 1775. "He rccci'ved an 
excellent private education, and studied, but 
never practised, law ; was a memlicr of the Colo- 
nial Assembly from 1 737 to 1 758 ; was 1 3 years 
speaker of tliat body; and in 1758-73 was a 
judge of the Sup. Court. Tuojias, his son, a 
loyalist, adm. to the bar, Apr. 4, 1755; app. 
clerk of Queens Co. Feb. 4, 1 757 ; recorder of 
N.Y. City 1769; ami judge ol the Sup. Court, 
Sept. 29, 1773. Nov. 24, 1 776, he was seized by 
a party of Americans, und carried to Norwich, 
where he remained until Dec. ; he was again 
earri.d off in Nov. 1779; and in May, 1780, 
was exchanged for Gen. Silliiuan. His jirop- 
erty was lonliscatcd ; and he retired to tng., 
where he died. 

Jones, David, Buptisc clergyman and 
Revol. patriot, b. White Clay Creek,' Newcastle 
Co., Del., May 12, 17.16 ; d. Feb. 5, 1820. His 
ancestors, early in the last century, settled at 
the " Welsh Tract." He was many year* pas- 
tor of the Up|ier Fi' ehold Cbnreh in N. J., 
which he left lor a while in 1772-3 lor a gos|iel 
mission to the Shawnee an I Delaware Indians; 
a journal of which, with u Memoir by bis 
grandson, H. Gates Jones, was pub. 8vo, 
1865. His patrioti-m made him so obnoxious 
to the Tories, that, Iwlieving bis life to be in 
danger, he left N. J., and settled in Chester Co., 
Pa., in the spring of 1775, in charge of the 
Great Valley Baptist Church He was chap- 
lain to a Pa. rcgt, under St. Clair, at Ticon- 
deroga ; in two campaigns under Gates ; and 
in all the campaigns of Wavnc, narmwly es- 
caping death at the " Pnoli Moss^icrc." At the 
age of 76 he served in the war of 1812, under 
Gens. Brown und Wilkinson. — Lutsiwi. 

Jones, David Rcmpii, gen. C.S.A., b. 
S.''. 1825; d. Richmond, Vn.. 1863. West 
Point, 1846. Cutead 2d lat. ; was brev. 1st 



JON 



495 



jo:n- 



lieiit. for Rallantry at Contreras and Churu- 
bnsco, and capt. for Chapultepcc; became 1st 
licut. 1849; assist, instr. inf. tactics at West 
Point, ISSl-.f ; assist, adj.-^'en. (rank of capt.) 
March 10, ISo.'l; resigned Feb. 16, 1861; en- 
tered the Confcd. service ; was made Ijrig.-gen. ; 
led a brigade at tlie battle of Bull Run ; and 
in Oct. 1862 com. a division in the army corps 
of Ren. .r. E. Johnston. 

Jones, (Jeorge, clergyman and author, b. 
near York, Pa., July 30, 1800 ; d. U.S. Naval 
Asylum, Pliila., Jan. 22, 1870. Y.C. 182.3. 
Schoolmaster on tlie frigate " Brandvwine " in 
IS23-8; tutor of Yiile 1829-30; oid. deacon 
in the Episc. church, Jan. 16, 1831, andofficiat- 
eil some time in Middletowu, Ct. App. chap- 
lain U.S.N. Apr. 20, 1833. lie pub. in 1829, 
" Sketches of Naval Life; " in 1830, " Excur- 
sions to Cairo, Jerusalem, Damascus, and Baal- 
bee ; " and in 1 86-"), "Life-Scenes from the 
Four Gospels, and Life Scenes from the Old 
Testament." His long and careful observations 
on the Zodiacal Light till one vol. of tlic report 
of the U.S. Japan cx].ed.— O.V Rrc. Vale, 1870. 

Jones, GKORoli (Count Joannes), b. Bos- 
ton, 1810. Played at the Fedcral-st. Theatre, 
Boston, in 1828 ; first app. at the Cbestnut-st., 
Phila., Dec. 7, 1831, as Pierre in " Venice Pre- 
served ; " was the original Claude Mclnotte at 
the National, Boston, May 16, 1838; and in 
Sept. 1839 was manager of the theatres in 
Richmond and Norfolk, Va. ; afterwards vis- 
ited Eng., and lectured on the Bible. Author 
of " History of Ancient America," 3d ed. 8vo. 
1843; "Tecuinseh," a tragedy; "The Life 
of Gen. Harrison," and the "First Oration 
on Shakspearc," 12mo, 1844; be now (1870) 
practises law in N. Y. City. 

Jones, HfGH, minister of Jamestown. 
Pub. " The Present State of Virginia," 8vo, 
Lond. 1721. Prof of mathematics in Wil- 
liam and Mary Coll , and altcrward chaplain 
to the Va. Assembly. 

Jones, J.vcoD, commo. U.S.N., b. near 
Smyrna, l)el,,in March, 1768; d. Phila. Aug. 
3, 1850. He studied medicine, and grad. at the 
U. of Pa. ; but abandoned practice for the 
clerkship of the Supreme Court of Del. En- 
tered the navv as a midshipman, April 10, 
1799; wasm.tdelieut. Feb. 22, 1801; was an of- 
ficer of the frigate "Philadelphia," under Bain- 
bridge, when she was captured in 1803 in the 
harbor of Tripoli, remaining a prisoner 18 
months ; was made com. Apr. 20, 1810 ; and, 
when war was declared against Great Britain 
in 1812, he was in com. of the sloup-of-war 
" Wasp ; " Oct. 18, 1812, he captured the sloop- 
of-war " Frolic," a vessel of superior force, 
after an action of 43 minutes. Capt. Jones 
was honored with a vote of thanks by Con- 
gress, togeiher with a gold medal; and swords 
were voted him by several of the States for his 
gallant 'onductin this engagement. Both ves- 
sels were, however, soon after taken by "The 
Poictiers," 74, and carried into Bi-rmnda. He 
was made post-capt. .March 3, 181 3, and com. the 
frigate " Macedonian " in Decatur's squadron. 
Alter the peace, Coinmo, Jones i-om. squadron 
in the Mediterranean ami Pacific, and served 
some years as a coinniiss. nf the navy board, 
and yov. of the Naval Asylum at l^hila. 



Jones, James Athearn, author, b. Tis- 
bury, M.-., June 4, 1790; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., 
Aug. 1853. He had a common-school educa- 
tion ; made some voyages to the Wot Indies; 
afterward taught school ; was in England in 
1829-31 ; and was subsequently a farmer ami 
trader in Tisbury. He was ah. 182Gan editcn-iji 
Phila., and 20 years later in Baltimore, and in 
Bulfalo in 1851. He pub. " Traditions of the 
N. American Indians," 3 vols. Lond. 1830; 
" Haverhill, or .Memoirs of an Offl cr in the Ar- 
my of Wolfe," Lond. 3 vols. 1831 ; a vol. of 
Poems: and a " Letter to an Engli-h Gent, 
on English Libels of America," 1826, Phila. 

Jones, James Chamberlain, statesman, 
b. Davulson Co., Tenn., April 20, 1809; d. 
Memphis, Oct. 29, 1859. His father dying 
during his infancy. Col. Ward became his guar- 
dian, and much of his time was parsed in la- 
bor on bis plantation. From the library of Col. 
W. he acquired the elements of a good English 
education. At the age of 21 'he m , and settled 
on a farm in Wilson Co. In 1837 and '39 he rep- 
resented that county in the legisl.; in 1841, and 
again in 184'), he was elected gov. of the State 
by the Whig party. In 1848 he zealou-ly advo- 
cated the nomination of Henry Clay in the Na- 
tional Whig Convention, but supported its nom- 
inee. Gen. Taylor, delivering several popular 
speeches in his behalf in different Stales. In 
1850 he removed to Memphis ; and in 1851 was 
elected to the U.S. senate. In 1854 he was a 
conspicuous supporter of the Kansas-Nebraska 
Bill, and ihencelbrward became identified with 
the Deinoc. party. 

Jones, JoEt , LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 1848), jurist, 
b. Coventry, Ct., Oct. 25, 1795; d. Phila. Feb. 3, 
18i;o. YC. 1817. He studied law, and settled 
in practice in Easton, Pa. In 1830 he was app. 
a commiss. to revise the civil code of Pa. He 
was associate judge, and afterwards prcs judge, 
of the Dist. Court for the city and couniv of 
Phila. First pres. of Girard Coll. De.-. 1847- 
Junc, 1849. In 1849 he was elected mayor of 
Phila., and, after serving one terra, returned to 
his profession. He was eminent for attain- 
ments in jurisprudence, philology, and tbeologv. 

Jones, John, M.D., physician. Of Welsh 
cxtraclion, b. Jamaica, L.I.^ 1729; d. June 23, 
1791. After receiving his education at a pri- 
vate school in N.Y., he commenced the st inly 
of medicine, and afterwards visited Europe to 
improve his professional knowledge. From the 
U of Rheims he obtained the degree of M D. 
in May, I75I, and, having spent some lime at 
Leyden, concluded his medical tour by a visit 
to Edinburgh. Upon his return. Dr. Jones sct- 
tleil in New York, where he soon acquired an 
exlen.-ive practice, and especial reputation as 
an operator. He served as surgeon in the army 
in the war of 1755, and attended the wounded 
French com. Dieskau. When medical schools 
were instituted in the Coll. of N.Y., 1767, Dr. 
Jones was app. prof, of surgery, upon which ho 
delivered several courses of lectures. In 1776 
Dr. Jones pub. his " Plain Remarks upon 
Wounds ami Fractures." During the British 
oci'U|iation of New York, Dr. Jones withdrew 
into the country, relinquishing his lucrative 
piaciiec in the city. He was soon after chosen 
to the senate of N.Y , and was subsequently 



JON 



496 



JON 



for a short time in the mcdicul dept. of the nr- 
iny. lie wiis in 17t<0 elected one uf the |ih)'si- 
ciuns ol the I'a. IWpltal. U|i«n the institu- 
tion of the Coll. of I'hjsieians of I'liiliL in 1787, 
Dr. Jones was elected vii-e-|ire5.. and contrib. 
to the tirst vol. of ivt irunMiciions an interest- 
ing' paper on Anthrax, lie wua the intimate 
Iraiid and phvsician of I'ranklin, whom he 
tttlended in his last illnuis, and pub. a brief ac- 
count ol hi'* death. In 17'J0 he attended Wath- 
ington when very ill at New York ; and on the 
removal of the seat of govt, to I'hila. he npp, 
Ur. Jones physician to his family, ile pub. 
i.:veral snr;,'ical works, and, as a surgeon, stood 
ut the hea<i M' the profession in this country. 
After his death, a vol. of his works, with a Me- 
moir, was pub. by Dr. Mcuse, 8vo, 1795. — 
n<u/,tr. 

Jones, Joii.N B., b. Bait., Md., 1810. Au- 
thor of ■■ SVild Western Scenes," Phila. 1849 ; 
"Book of Virions," 1347; " liural Sport-i, a 
Poem," 1848; "The Western Merchant," 
1848; "The Rival Belles," 18J2; "Adven- 
tures of Col. Van der Bomb," 1852; "The 
Monarchist," 185.3; "Life and Advents, of a 
Country Merchant;" "Freaks of Fortune," 
1854; "Winkles, tt Humorous Tule," 1855; 
"The War- Path, ' 1856; and "Secret Hebel 
Diary of the War," 2 vols. 8vo. In 1857 he 
estub. in Pliihi. the Soiillirrn Monitor, u weekly' 
uaper devoted to Southern interests. — Atli- 
lone. 

Jones, J. GijiN'CY, lawverand M.C. (1850- 
3), b. Conesiot;a River, Pa., Oct. 7, 181 1. Kd- 
uc.itcd to the Church, lie preferred the law, to 
wliicli he devoted hiiuself with success ; and 
was dep. atiy.-gen. of the Slate. He was the 
author in the house of the bill creating the 
Court of Claims, and chairman of the com. of 
ways and incuas. He was tcndere<l by Pres. 
Buchanan the mission to Berlin, which he de- 
clined, but in Oct. 1853 accepted that to Aus- 
tria. 

Jones, John M., briv;.-gen. C.S.A., b. Vo. 
18a2 ; killi-d ut Spotuvlv. 10 Mav, 1864. West 
Point, 1841. Assi»t."in»tr. W' P. 1345-52; 
Isi lieut. 20 Aug. 1847 ; capt. 7ih Inf. 3 Mar. 
1855; took part in the Utah exjwd ; res. 27 
May, 1861 ; app. col. ot a Va. regt. ; promoted 
in 186:1 to a brigade in Ransuni'- div., Long- 
street's corps ; severely wounded at (jcttys- 
burg ; took part in the attack on Knoxville in 
IJec. 1863; in the operations in the Wilder- 
ness ; and in the vicinity of Spottsy.v., Va. 

Jones, John Paul, admiral, b. parish of 
Kirkbcan, Scotland, 6 July. 1747 ; d. Paris, 13 
July, I79J. Son of John Paul, u respectable 
farmer. He went to sei\ at an early age, and, 
bclore he was 1 8, com. a vessel to the W. Indies. 
In this employ he continued, until, in suppress- 
ing a mutiny, he so wounde<l one of his seamen 
as to cause his death. For this he was tried 
onil honorably' acquitted in the port in the W. 
Indies where it occurred ; but, on his return to 
Kng., was so persecuted on account of it, that 
he went to live in Va., where he hail a bro., 
who in 1773 died, and left him considerable 
pio|)erty. Utfeiiiig Ins services to Congress, ho 
was made a Hrst lieut. in the navy (22 Dec. 
1775), and in gratitude to Cien. .loiics uf_N. 
Carolina, who had sironj^ly recomiueiided him, 



nssumc-d hi- name. Af^er a cruise in "Ths 
Alfred," 28, he in Frb. 1776 commanded " The 
Providence," 12. with which in 6 weeks bo 
took sixteen merchantmen, and destroyed iho 
lishingK»tabli>hniciit at 1-le .Madame. He 
fought "The Solctmy," 28, for sevcnil hours; 
and on two oi'casioiis encountered " The Mil- 
lor.l,".32. Capt. Oct. 10, 1776. In "The 
Alfred " he destroyed the Port-Royal tishcries, 
and took all the vessels there with ihcir freights. 
App. 14 June, 1777, to " The Ranger," 18, be 
sailed to Kurope ; and Feb. 2, 1778, received 
from Count 1) (tr\illicrs the first salute ever 
paid to the American flag by a foreign man-of- 
war. In April he scaled the walls of the fort at 
White Haven, and spiked .iS cannon there. 
His crew having plundered the house of the 
Karl of Selkirk of his plate, Joiic lionght it 
from them, and returned it. While on the 
Knglish coast, he captured " The Drake," a 
ship of superior force (sent out cxprv-s-Iy to 
take him), in sight of a large coiicour'-o of 
people, and took her into Brest. The eqni|>- 
meni of a squadron which he w.is to com. 
detained him in France until Aug. 14, 1779, 
when he sailed to intercept the Baltic fleet. 
Owing to the desertion of part of the -tjuadron, 
and the biid conduct ol "The .\lliaii' e," he 
could only capture the convov, consisting of 
" The Serapis," 50, and " Tfie Countess of 
S arborougti," 20. lie himself, in the 
" Bon Uoinine Richard, ' encountered " The 
Serapis." and took her after one of the most 
severe ami sanguinary fights ever recorded. 
Jones's ship was so severely handled, that she 
sunk soon after tiie action. 01 her crew of 
380, .306 were killed and wounded, lie was 
cnihnsiasticallv received in France, receiving 
from Louis XVI. the order of military merit, 
and a swotd of honor. Congress ordered u 
gold medal tol>e struck in honor of his uchicTc- 
ments. and app. him to com. " The .\iDerica," 
74. He was doomed to disap|ioiiitmenl, bow- 
ever, as Congress found itself called on to pre- 
sent her to I'rance, in lieu i if the " .Magnifiquc," 
lost in our waters. In \'f6 Congress made 
him agent to Denmark and Sweden to obtain 
indemnity for Jones's prizes delivered from 
their ports to the enemy. I Intering the service 
of Catharine of Russia us i-ear-udin. in 1787, 
in an action aguinst the Turks in the Limau 
Sea, June 7, 1783. he so distiiig. himself as to 
be made viceudmiial.anda knight of Si. Ann. 
Slanderous ralumiiies, however, acting on an * 
aculelv sensitive mind, so imlilttcrL'd him ns to 
cause liim to resign ; and he ivturni-d to Pari«, 
where he died. The Nat Assembly det-rced him 
a public funeral and mourning. In his char- 
acter the tenderness and sensibility of a woman 
were united to the courage and daring of a 
hero. I he stur-spangled banner wm first dis- 
played by him on l>oatxl " The Alfred " in the 
Delaware. His Life, hv John licnry Sher- 
burne, was pub. 8vo, \Va»liington. 1825 ; by 
his niece. Miss Janettc Tavlor, in 1830; and 
by A. S. Mackenzie in 184.V 

Jones, Joiix T.vvLOR, D.D., b. New Ips- 
wich, K-iii2 ; d. Bangkok. Siam. Sept. 13, 1851. 
Amh. Coll. 1825 Ord. Baptist mis-ionary to 
Buriimh. 28 Ja!v, 1830; and translated the 
New Testament into the Siaiuesc. 



JON" 



49T 



JON- 



Jones, John- W., of Chesterfield, Va., M.C. 
1835-45; spenkor 1843-5; d. Jan. 29, 1848. 
Wm. and M. Coll. 180.3. 

Jones, Joseph SE.iWELL; d. 1855. Cniiib. 
Law School, 183.3. Aullior of " A Defcn.e 
of the Revol. Hisiorv of N C," 1834 ; " Jte- 
morials of N.C.," 1838. 

Jones, Noble Wimberly, Revol. patriot, 
b. near Loud., Enj;., 1724 ; d. Savannah, Jan. 
9, 1805. He was a son of Or. Xolilc Jones, 
an early settler of Ga., with whom he was assoc. 
in praciice at Savannah from 1748 to 1756, 
and who was treas. of the Province, and a 
conneillor of state. He held n military coni- 
nii>sion at an early age, and was a ineiiiber of 
the Asscnihly in 1761 and s«ilisciincnily, being 
often speaker. He was a loailin^ ])iUriot in 
1774 ; corresp. with Franklin, thcai;cntof Ga. 
in Enj;. ; and was speakcrof thclir>tGa lcjii>l. ; 
delegate to the Old Con<;ressin 1775 and 1781- 
.3; lost a son at the Cii]>tHre of Savannah in 
1778; was himself made pri.'!oner at the fall 
of Charleston in 1780, and carried to St. Au- 
gustine; was cxchan^^ed in .luly, 1781 ; prac- 
tised medicine in Phila. until Dec. 1782, when 
be returned to Ga., and was a<;ain of its As- 
sembly. He practised in Charleston from Dec. 
1783 to Dec. 1783, after which he lived in 
Savannah. Pres. of the convention which 
revised the State consiimtion in 1795. He 
was a skilful physician and a man of benevo- 
lent character. 

Jones, RooER, brcv. maj.-jren. U.S.A., b. 
Westmoreland Co., Va.,1789; d. Washington, 
Julv 15, IXai; app. 2d lieut. marine corps, 
Jan. 26, 1809; July 12, 1812, was transferred 
to the art. with the rank of eapt. ; received the 
brcv. of inaj. for distinj;. services in the battle 
of Chippewa, July 5, 1S14, and Lundy'sLane ; 
and was also commended lor bravery at the 
battle of Nia^rara, as well as in the defence of 
Fort Erie in July and Aug. of the same year; 
brev. lieut.-col. for the sortie from Fort Eric, 
Sept. !7; app. adj.-gcn. (rank of col.) Aug. 
10.1818; brev. col. Sept. 17,1824. Mar. 7, 
1825, he was app. adj.-gcn. of the army, which 
po«t he held until his death. Brev. brig.-gen., 
June, 1S32; brev. maj -^I'n., in .Mav, 1848. 

Jones, Samckl, LL.l). (Col. Coll. 1826), 
jurist, b 1763 ; d. Cold Spring, L I., Aug. 8, 
1853. Y.C. 1790. His father. Chief Justice 
Samuel, styled the "father of the N.Y. bar," 
was originally a sailor, filled many important 
and responsible stations, was in 1788 a mem- 
ber of the convention which ail(;pled the Con- 
stitution of the U.S., and d. 1819, a. 85. The 
son studied law in his father's otfice with De 
Witt Clinton; member N.Y. Assemblv 1812- 
14; r.corilcr N.Y. City 1823; in 1826 w.is 
app. by Gov. Clinton chancellor of the Slate ; 
in 182S he accepted the office of chief justice 
of the Superior Court in N.Y. City; in 1847- 
9 lie was judge of the Supreme Court of the 
State, and ex officio a judge of the Court of 
Appeals. Until the last two months of his 
life, he took an active part in the arguments 
and contests incident to practice at the bar. 
Samuel Jones and R. Variek pub. "Laws of 
the State of N.Y., Feb. 1778 to Mar. 1789," 
2 vols, fob, N.Y. 1789. 

Jones, S.uifEi,, gen. C.S..\., b. Va. 1820 ; 



killed in battle of Wilderness, Va., 5 Mav, 
1864. West Point, 1841. Prof, niaib. W. P. 
1846-51 ; capt. 1st Art. 24 Dec. 1853 ; res. 2". 
Apr. 1861. App. col., soon after brig.-gen., 
and early in 1862 iniij.-gen., Confed. army; 
com. the forces in W. Va. until ordered in 
the spring of 1864 to re-enforce Lee on the 
Rapi.lan. 

Jones, Thom.is at Catesbt. commodora 
U.S.N. Uf Welsh descent, b. Va. 1789; d. 
Geor;;etown, D.C., May 30, 1858. Bro. of 
Gen. Roger. Entering the navy, Nov. 22, 1805, 
he became lieut. -Mav 24, 1812 ; com. Mar. 28, 
1820; and capt. Mai-. U, 1829. From 1808 to 
1812 he was engaged in the Gulf of .Mexico, 
and disting. himself in the suppres^ion of 
piracy, smuggling, and the slave-trade. When 
the Briti.-li naval exped. against New Orleans 
entered Lake Eorgne, he, with a small flotilla, 
endeavored to intercept 40 British boats. Al- 
though wounded, and compelled to surrender, 
his comluet was highly coinniended. In 1842 
he com. the PaciHc squadron, and having, from 
erroneous information, caused the gov. of Mon- 
terey to surrender, he was, for this indiscretion, 
suspended from service for a time. 

Jones, Thomas P., M.D., d. Washington, 
Mar. 11, 1848, a. 75. Had been supt. of the 
patent-office, editor of the F'mnklln Journal, 
Phila., and of Marcel's Conversations on Nat. 
Philos. 1826 

Jones, Valentine, a British maj.-gen.; d. 
Bath, Eng., Nov. 14, 1815, a. 89. J3rig.-geiL 
in America in 1775-6, under Gen. Howe; 
in:ij,-gen. Aug. 21, 1777; served on Long 
Island and in Rhode I-land. 

Jones, Walter, JI D. (Edinb. 1770), an 
eminent physieiiin, b. Va. 1745 ; d. Wesunore- 
land Co., \'si., Dec. 31, 1815. Wm. and M. 
Coll. 1700. He sctticd in Northumberland 
Co., Va., attaining an extensive practice, and 
the highest standing both as a scholar and 
phyMciitn. Apr. 11, 1777, be was ii])p. by 
Congress physician-gim. of the hospital in the 
middle dept. .M.C. 1797-9 and 180.3-11. 

Jones, Wii.ie; d. near Raleigh, N.C. With 
his brother Allen, he was a delegate to the 
Congress which framed the State constiintion 
in 1776, and drew up the instrument which 
was adopted ; pres. of the com. of safety in 
1775 ; delegate to the h. of commons 1776-8 ; 
delegate to the Old Congress 1780-1 ; elected 
to the Federal Const. Conv. in 1787, but de- 
dined ; mctnber of the State convention which 
rejpcted the U. S. Constitution in 1788, of 
which he was an ojiponent. — Wheeler. 

Jones, William, gov. of R.I. 1811-17, b. 
Newport, 1754; d. Providence, Apr. 9. 1822. 
A carpenter in hi.s youth, lie entered the army 
in 1775 as a capt. in Col. Lippitt's R.I. re;;t. ; 
afterward com. a marine corps in one of the 
national frigates ; was made prisoner at 
Chaileston, S.C. ; and alter the war was a mer- 
chant in Providence till his death. He was 
several years a representative from Prov., and 
speaker of the Assembly. 

Jones, William,' statesman, b. Phila. 
1700; d. liethlehcm, Pa., Sept. 5, 1831. When 
ab. 10 he joined a vol. company, and was pres- 
ent at the battles of Trenton and Princeton, 
and afterward on board several armed ves.sels. 



JON 



498 



JJJA. 



ncw«>\iii>i' wvciclv wouiule<l, anil iwiec nimlf 
|>iisuiH'r III lihit i-iinlv9I. llu wii!i liciit. wiili 
i'oiii. TruMuii ill llic Junius Ilivir, when 
lliui olticcr cncuuiiiiTCil uiitl Ih'ui utr a Ilriiish 
»liip uf ini(KTior foixo. lie then cnli-nil die 
iiKTclmiil-evrvii-u.but in l790.sc'tilcMl in ('lmrlv»- 
lun, 8.C'., whciii'c be rcmuvctl (u I'hiln. in 
1793. M C. 1801-.-3 ; 8tc of tlic navy Jun. 12, 
1S13. lu Di'C. 7, 18U; W1I4 afUTWiii'tl nm. u( 
(lie L'.S. Bui.k uiiJ eoll. of Philii. lie was 
marly 26 yiurs a ineinber of the I'liilos. So- 
I ieiy Aiilliur ul " Winier Navij^ttiuil of tlie 
UelMWiire," I'liila. Svo, lil22. 

Jones, William ALFKED.cssavist, b. New 
York. .luiK- 26, 1817. Col. Coll. 18.16; and III 
18.'il-ij.'j was liliruiian of that iiiKliiiition. 
Meiiilier of a family Ion;; ilUtiii;;. for tile emi- 
lunt men it has furnislKil to llie bur anil ilic 
beinh in ilie State of N.Y., includin}; the antc- 
liool. period, lie has contrib. many literary 
criticii'in'i to |>crioilieals, eliietly to the Clmnh 
Jin-onI, An III ins, IIVi/V/ HrL-ietc, ani\ llic lAmix; 
luiiew. Several revised colleelioii:) of his 
essay^ have be.n made, — " The Analyst, a 
Collection of Miseellaneous Pajiors," 1840; 
"Literary Studies," 2 vols. 1S47 ; " ICs-ays 
npoii Authors and Books," 1849 ; and " Cliar- 
nt ters and Critieisuis," 2 vols. 1837. tie pal>. 
ill 1849 a Memorial of his father, David S. 
Jones, with notices of the Jones family of 
Queens Co. 

Jones, \ViLLtAM E., maj.-gcn. C.S.A., b. 
Vu. 1824; killed .Mt. Ciawtord, Va., June 5, 
1864. A..M. of Kiiiory and Henry Coll. 1847. 
West I'oiiit, 1848. Lieut, mounted rifles; 
resigned 1817. A cavalry oflieer of ability, 
kervini; (irincipally in Wesieni \'u. ; miij gen. 
ill 186.'). 

Jonquiore, Jaqiks riLRns ttn Taffa- 

KtL. .\lauiui> lie la, pjv. of Canada 1749-32, 
1). La Juiiriuieie, France, 1686 ; d. QueSe'C, 
May 17, 1732. lie entered the navy in 1698; 
was adj. ill the army in 1 703 ; taken prisoner 
near Barcelona 1706; wasat thesie^eol Toulon 
1707, and the expetl. to Kio Janeiro 1711 ; 
made Kni:;ht of St. Louis and capt. 1731 ; 
iMpt. in the navy 1736 ; insp. of marine 1741 ; 
fla^'-ofticer in 1744 of Admiral de Court; ac- 
conip. D'Aiiville's fleet in 1746; app. s;ov. of 
Canada in 1747, but was taken by the British, 
May 3, on his way to that countrv, where be 
did'not arrive till Sept. 2, 1749. Qe was tall, 
well made, of an ini|iosing fijjurc, and c.\ecs- 
bively brave, but ver)' avaricious, llis j^ovcrn- 
iiieiil was marked with considerable lirmness; 
and be ireiierally curried out the policy of the 
enerpitic and talented I<a Gallissonierc. He 
solieiied a recall in 1751, in coii*etpience of 
ch.irt,-e> of inoniip'dy of the peltry-trade, made 
by the ife-itit--; but his liodily jiowers gave way 
Ik lure it arrived. He was one of the ablest of 
the tremh naval officers. — Morgiin. 

Jordan. KuBi'.nT. (junker preacher, b. 
Xanseiiiona, \'a.. Oct. 27, 1693; d. I'hila. 
Aiii;. 3, 1742. lie k-gan to preiicli in 1718; 
vi^ited N. K. in 1722; suffered iinpri-oiiment 
in 1723 and 1727 in Va. lor bis principles; 
travelled in Great Britain ami the W. Indies 
i'l 172»-3l> and in 1731-4; ulterwanls vi-itcd 
tlie eastern and southern provinces; made a 
kvcond Juuruey to Baibaduis in 1740; and 



wa« at Boston in 1741. — Co//, of Q^ialca 
Mrmo,:,,!,. 

Josselyn, Jonv. tmrcller, b. Kng Ron 
of S,r Tliom.is J.iitlyn of Kent. He sailed 
for New Enj;. Apr. 20, and arrivetl at Boston, 
July 2. 16.38, He returned to Eng. in f>ct. 
16.39 ; sailed a second lime. May 23, 1603, and 
rt'turnetl Dec. 1, 1071, the interval having 
liccii pnssctl in New Kng. In 1672 be pub. in 
Ixindon " New England'- Rarities Diseoveri'd." 
In it he presents a picture of Ititston in 1663. 
This was rcpr. in 18C3 with notes by Edward 
Tuckerman. He next issued " An Aceount 
of Two Voyages to New England," L<iiiil. 
1074, repr. Boston 1S69; also " Cbronulogi- 
cnl Ulib-ervationihof America fniin the Yr:ir 
of the World to the Year of Clirisi," 1673. 
His onlv brother (Hi:!<Rr) lived at Bh.ck 
I'oint (.Varborough, Me.)- in 1&18. He was 
sent over by Capt. Mason ; arrived at I'i'cal- 
aqim in the summer of 16.34 ; and in 1636 
and 1040 was n nieinbcr of the Maine govt. 
In 1643 he suceeeded to the Cainnioek paicnt 
at Black I'oint; and in 164.'i liecaiue dep.-gov. 
App. a eommiss. for the ndniinisiration id ilie 
govt, in 1665. Aeiive and inlluential in the 
affairs of Maine in 163.1-76. — W'tilit in Umiul. 
Hfj. ii. 204. 

JoUCt, Mattiihw, port.-pnintor, h. I"ay- 
ett'! Co., Ky., 1783; d. l.«xingion, Ky., 1826. 
Ediieateil lor the bar. He iKcanie a l.ivorito 
pupil of Stuart in [tosloii in l!<17; prartiscj 
his art successfully iniiny years in Ky , N. Or- 
leans, Nalchei, and other places in the South- 
west ; and was for manv years the liest port.- 
|Miiiiler in the We>t. — Tn'keiuinn. 

Juarez Ijoo-arSz). Blmto, a 5Iexiran 
pavs., b. Villa Ixilan. in the State o( l>axaca, 
1807. Descended I roiii the Indian race. (!rad. 
at ilie Coll. of OaXMca; anil in 18.30 »..s made 
a ineailier of ilie Institute of .\rts and Sciences, 
lie gaineil dislineiion as a hiwter; was prof, 
of canonical law in the Insiilmc ol O.ixaeu ; 
and KHik an active part in |H>liric8 as a lilie:ai 
memlK'r of the Uxi-l. of hi • ihitive State. Made 
tires, judge, he was in 1S46 elected dep. to the 
Jlexican Congress. He was aeiive in the 
adniinistrution of the law by which rhunh 
jiroperty was secularized to meet the ncivssi- 
ties of 'the war with ihe U.S. (184C-8). Gov. 
of his native State from 1848 lo 1852, and at 
bis reiireiuent left a balance in the public 
treasury. Bnni-hed by Suntn Ana in 18.">.3, 
he resided in New Orleans until May, 183.1, 
when he retiinud, and accomp. Alvarez from 
Aeapuleii to Cuern.ivoca. where he was a n'j>- 
nwntative in the As.'dnldy. and. umil Dec 
183-), was minister of justice under Alranx. 
While in thi- office, he proinnlgaled the /.y 
./iiiim, abidishiiig the pnvije^-vs of ihc cler;;y 
and the armv. Cuinoidnri then app. bim ;;ov. 
ol Oaxaca;"in Nov. 1857 made him se<-. of 
state ; and -ubM-<]Ucntly he was app. pre?. o( ilio 
Supreme Court of ju.sticc. After the with- 
drawal of Coinunfort, Jan. 1858. Juarez Iw- 
came, in v'iriitc of his office, consiiiution.il 
pres. of Mexico. Jan. 19 he csl.ibli»lied his 
govt, in liunnnjunta. The rever-es of civil 
war afterward com|K'lle<l him Id ntnove it to 
Colimii. From Ma" 4, 1858, he offiei..|cd at 
Vera Cruz; but at the close of 1860 brd com- 



JXJA. 



499 



JXTD 



pi;llc(1 liis opponent Minunon to abdicntc, and 
flee the coiinirv. Jan. 11, 1861, Juarez en- 
ured the city of Mexico, tbrmcd his cabinet, 
and in June was elected pres. Then came 
European intervention, and the short-lived 
empire of Maximilian. Driven by the French 
army from place to place, in 186.3-6 he still 
held out a^'ainst the enemies of his country ; 
but, the French army bcinj; withdrawn in 1866, 
ho succeeded in defeatini; the imperial forces 
early in 1S67 ; captured Maximilian, whoseexe- 
cution he ordered June 16, 1887; in Oct. was 
ic-clcctcd to the presidency, and a;;ain in 1871. 
Juarros, D. Domixgos, Guaiimalian his- 
torian ; d. al<. 1818. He was an ecclesiastic, 
and was the first to point out the existence in 
Central America of those monuments, thea;,'e 
and origin of which are not yet determined. 
Me |)ub. " Compenrlio lie la Jlisloria de. la Ciii- 
tladde Gmtimala," Guatimala, 1809-18, 2 vols. 
8vo. : a translation by Lieut. Bailey appeared 
in Lond. in 182.i. — Nouv. fim/. Univ. 

Judah, Henry Moses, brig. gen. vols., b. 
Snow Hill, Md., June 1:2, ISl'l ; d. Plattsburg, 
X.V., Jan. 14, 1866. West I'oint, 18+3. En- 
tering the 8th Inf., he served in the Mexican 
war; com. bis company at the storming of Mon- 
terey ; and, for gallantry at Molino del Rey and 
at the capture of the city o( Mexico, received 
the brevets of 1st lieut. and capt. ; 29 Sept. 
185-3, he became capt. 4th Inf., .serving actively 
for 9 years against the Indians of California, 
Wa;>hington and Oregon Territories; madecol. 
jf a regt.of vols in 1861; be became brig.-gen. 
March 21, 1862, and insp.-gen. of Gen. Hal- 
Icck's army on the Tenn. ; resigning his statf- 
jpp., he was ordered to com. the 1st div. of the 
irmy of the reserve, which he relinquished 
jiter the evacuaiion of Corinth by the Confed. 
•orces, and was re-app. insp.-gen. ; .30 June, 
1862, he was made major 4th Infantry ; brev. 
:ol. U.S.A. He was very active in pursuit of 
Morgan in his raid into Kentucky, Indiana, 
ind Ohio in 1863. In Sherman's Atlanta 
•anipai 'n be com. a division of the 23d corps. 

Judd, Kkv. Bethel, D.D. (T.in. 1831), 
Kpis. cli-rgvman, b. Watertown, Ct., 1776 ; d. 
^Vilmingion, Del., Apr. 8,18.58. Y.C. 1797. 
;)rd. deacon bv Bishop .Moore in 1798 ; recior 
)f St. James Cliurcb, New London, Ct., for 15 
I'ears ; a pioneer of the church in N. C. . and 
icld a missionary station at St. Augustine, 
Florida. He was' one of the early presidents 
jf St John's Coll., Annapolis. — Ilisl. May. 
i. 215, 

Judd, NoRMAX B., lawyer and politician, 
). liome, N.Y.. 10 Jan. 1815. He received a 
:oin. school education ; studied law ; and in 
1836 wa.s adm. to the bar, and settled in suc- 
;essful practice in Chicago ; city atty. 1837-9 ; 
Stale senator 1844-60 ; member of the Bloom- 
ngton couv. in 1856, that organized the Re- 
jub. party, in which he was jironiinent ; and 
hairnian' State central com. 1856-61 ; chair- 
.lan of the 111. delegation in the Chicago conv. 
Iiat nominated .Mr. Lincoln to the presidency ; 
ainister to Prussia, Mar. 1861-Oct. 186.5 ; 
\1.'. '. 1867-71. Pres. of the Peoria and Bureau 
i'allcy Road, and of the Rock Island Railroad 
3ridge Co. — Skelcties of the Leadimj Hen of 
I'hiau/o, 



Judd, Sylvester, journalist and liisto 
rian, b. U'csihanipton, .Ms., 23 Apr. 1789; d. 
Northampton, Ms., 18 Apr. 1860. Thos. his 
ancestor came to N. E. in 1633 or '34. He was 
some years in mercantile business ; owned 
and edited the Iltimiishire Gazatle in 1822-34; 
was long engaged in investigating the history 
of the Ct. Valley; and pub. "Thomas Judd 
and his De.scendants," 1856. His " History of 
Hadley" was pub., 8vo, 1863, with "Family 
Genealogies," by L. M. Boltwood. 

Judd, Sylvester, author and Unitarian 
clergyman, son of the preceding, b. Westhamp- 
ton, Ms., July 23, 1813; d. Augusta, Me., 
Jan. 20, 18.53. Y.C. 1836. On the comple- 
tion of his theol. studies at Cambridge, in 1840, 
he was ord. paslorof the Ea^t Parish, Augusta, 
Me., Oct. 1. In addition to his pulpit-duties, 
Mr. Judd was a frequent lyceum-lccturer on 
the social reforms of the day, opposii>g war and 
slavery, and advocating temperance. He pub. 
" Margaret, a Tale of theReal and Ideal," Bos- 
ton, 1845, which has been illustrated by a series 
01 outline drawings by Darley (1856) ; " Philo, 
an Evaugeliad;" and "Richard Edney," a 
romance, 1850. An old Indian tradition sug- 
gested to Mr. Judd a dramatic poem in 5 acts, 
" The White Hills, an American Tragedy," 
still unpnb. A vol. entitled "The Church" 
was pub. posthumously in 1854. — See Life 
and Character of .^u/vester Judd Boston, 1854, 
6y J/rs. A. Hall 

JudSOU, ADONIRA.M, D.D., Baptist mis- 
sionarv at Burmah, b. Maiden, Ms., Aug. 9, 
1788;'d. at sea, April 12, 1850. B.U. 1807; 
And. Sem. 1810. Son of Rev. Adoniram, of 
M. Opening a private school in Plymouth, 
Ms., he prepared his " Elements of English 
Grammar," and "Young Ladies' Arithmetic," 
pub. 1808 and 1809. Ord. 6 Feb 1812. Mar- 
rying Ann Hasseltine, afterwards so noted for 
heroism and conjugal devotion, they .sailed for 
Calcutta, Feb. 19, 1812; and, having settled at 
Rangoon in Burmah. he toiled there nearly 40 
years, during which he was imprisoned two 
years, and manacled, and daily expecting some 
barbarous death. He lived to see himself sur- 
rounded by thousands of native converts, ami 
a strong corps of assist, evangelists, Burmese 
as well as American ; acquired a thorough 
knowledge of the Burmese language, into 
which he translated the Bible and other books ; 
and before bis death nearly completed a dic- 
tionary of that language in two large 4to 
vols. Having lost his first wife in 1826, in 
Apr. 1834 he m. Mrs. Sarah H. Boardman, 
who d. Sept. I, 1845 ; in June, 1846, while on 
a visit to the US., he m. Emily Chubbuck, 
known under the nam de plume of " Fanny For- 
ester." Memoirs of his life have been pub. Iiy 
F. Wavland, 18.53; J. Clement, 1852; D. f. 
Middlediich, 1854 ; Mrs. H. C. Conant, 1856 ; 
and W. Hague, 1851. 

JudsoDi .\xN Hasseltine, 1st wife of ibo 
preceding, b. Bradford, Ms.. Dec. 22. 1789 ; d. 
Amher.-t, Burmah, Oct 24, 1826. She early de- 
veloped remarkable qualities both of intellect 
and character. ICducatcd at the Bradford 
Aca<l. Her mind was well disciplined, and her 
acqi'.isitions were unusually large. Feb. 5, 
1812, ?he m. Mr. Jiidson ; and Feb. 19, eia- 



JTJD 



500 



barkc<l for Ciilcutin, iKiiii; the fir-l American 
ruinalv iiiiisiunary. 8iie revisited iier liuinc in 
18:!2-.3, liut .Hiibseiiiiendv lubureil in Burmiih. 
— >f* Mnmnr lnf Hi-o. Jnints If. Kiuttrlei. 

JUdSOn, KUILY ClIL'UDUl'K, l>. ICiiton, 
M.nli>oii Vi>., N.V.. All-. 22. ISIT ; (I. Il.imil- 
toii, N.Y.,June I, 1H54. Wile <>t ilie Kev. A.lo- 
niruiu, hut priiicipnily eelelirated tor her pnne 
anil uoeiieul writin;;^, nmliT the iissumeil nuinc 
or I'anny Forester, which appciired in the 
Kiiickerlm-Jier am\ Amer. linplUt Mtiii..ani ihe 
•V. 1'. Miiror. She received a good ediicniiun ; 
wiis for some ycttn a teaclicr in ihe Keimile 
Scin. at Uiicit ; and in Jnne, I84<>, m. Dr. 
Ji>d>on, and iinmcdiutelt' >aile<l fur India. Af- 
ter his death, Apr. 12, 1850. she returned to 
the U.S. in char(;e of his children, to whom, 
and to the revision of the .Memoirs of her lius- 
band, by I'res. Waylund, the remainder of her 
life was devoted. She bo;;an her career of 
authorship by writin;r sablmth-schuol book" ; 
and in IS44 beiumc n re};uhir contributor to 
the Columbian and tjiuhiiiii\ Maijs. Her prose 
writinj^s werecolleetid and pub. under the tiilc 
of " Alderbrook." ller poems were pub. under 
the title of " The Olio." Her other works are 
" The Kathayun Slave," and " .My Two Sis- 
ters " While in Hnngoon she wrote the Me- 
moir of Mrs. Sarah B. Judson. 

Juncker, Uemiv Uauhn, u.u , R.C. 

bi>liop of Alton, 111. (consec. 26 Apr. 18.J7), b. 
Feiietran;;e, Lorraine, France, ab. 1810; d. 
Alton, Oct. 2, 186S. Kmi;,'ratinj{ early to the 
U. S., he studied in Cincinnati. Was ord. a 
priest. Mar. 16, I8.'!4 ; had charge of the First 
German Catholic Cong, of Cincinnati, after- 
ward of St. John's Church, Canton, O., and, 
subsequently to IS'iO, of Davton, O. 

Junkini Ueouok, U.l')., LL.I)., Presb. 
miiil-tcr, author, and educator, b. near Kings- 
Ion. I'a., N".>v. I, 1790; d. Phila. Mav 20. ISG8. 
JcH. Coll. 1S1.1. lie studied theoluiy in X.V. 
City; was licensed to preach Sept. 1816; ord. 
1S18; and settled over the congregation-* of 
Milton and McEwcnsville, Pu. Here he edited 
the Hcliiii'iiis Farmer, and was active in estab- 
lishing Milton Acad. In 1830 he was princi- 
pal of the Manual Labor Aoid. at German- 
town From 1832 to 1841 ami 1844-8. he was 
pres. of Laf. Coll.; pres. of .Miami C. 1841-4, 
and of Wash. Coll., Lexington, Va , from 
1848 to 18IJI, when, on account of attachment 
to the Union, he left home, property, and a 
part of his family, and came to the North for 
protection. He afterward resided in I'hila. 
and in X.Y. Prof in Laf. Coll. at the time 
of his death. Author of " Political Falla- 
cie.-- ; " '■ Sanetitication ; " " The Tabernacle ; " 
" Prophecies of Daniel." 8vo ; " Lectures on 
Ihe Prophecies," 8vo, 1844; " Sahliatismos; " 
and a commentary (m llebi-ews. He was the 
ablest champion of old-school orthodoxy, and 
possessed great lo(;ieal power, eloquence, and 
learning. His dau. M.vroarut has pub. be- 
side fugitive poems, " Silvcrwuod, a Book of 
Memories," 18.'i7. 

Ealb, John, B.tno.v de, maj.-gcn. Rcvol. 
army, b. lluttendorf. in the margraviate of 
Bavreuth, Germunv, 29 June, 1721 ; d. Cam- 
diii, S.C., Aug. ia, 1781). He entered the 
iCg't. Loewendul, in the service of France, in 



1741; liccomc capt and aide maj. in 1747, 
raaj. 1756; lieut.-col. sen'ing in the quartcrm. 
di'pt. under Mar-hal ISroglie (obtaining the 
rank of brig-gen. and the order of milit. mer- 
it) in May, I7C1, and until the peace in 1763. 
Charged with a mi'-ion to the Amer. (Colo- 
nies to ascertain ihcir feeling towards the 
inoiher-couniry, ami to learn their vulnerable 
points, he embarked in Dec. 17C7, andrcinrncil 
at the clo^c of KC*, having sullercil «hi|)- 
wreck near Staten NIand. 28 Jan. 1708, and 
undergone great hard-hip. While in the per- 
tormaiice of this mission, he was seized us a 
suspected person, butc.4eji|>ed detection. Kar- 
ly in 1777 he accompanied Lafayette to this 
country, and otlcrcd his services to Congress. 
They were accepted; and 15 Sept. 1777, ho 
was made a maj.-gen. At first he served in tho 
main army : but in Apr. IT80 was sent to the 
assistance of S.C. in com. of the Md. and Del. 
troops. Before he could reach Charleston, how- 
ever. Gen. Lincoln had l)een niaile pri.-ou'-r ; 
and the direction of the whole southern army, 
inconsequence, devolved upon the Baron, from 
May, 1780, until the app. of Gates. At the 
battle of Camden, Aug 16, 1780, De Kalb, 
who com the right wing, fell, pierced wiih II 
wounds, while gallanily lighting on foot. A 
marble monument was erected to his memory, 
by order of Congress, opp. the Prcsb. church 
of Canidin ; and in I. "25 Lalayette ]ilaccd iu 
corner-tone, and also that of a monument at 
Annapolis, .Md. — Sie Kapp, Kalb'a Ltben. 

KallUi Pktkr, a Swedish traveller, and nat- 
ural iihilosopher, b. O-tro Bothnia. 1715 ; d. 
Abo, Nov. 16,1779. Kducaicdat Up>al ; and, 
on the suggestion of Linnicu-, was selected in 
1745 by Ihe Swedish Govt, to make a I oianical 
lour of N. America, lie arrived in Phila. in 
the summer ot 1748, ami remaimil till 1751, 
travelling in C.inada, N Y., and Pa. On his 
return to Abo. where he was a Imtanical prof, 
he pub. his travels (.'I \ols. 175.1-01), with a 
copious account of the productions of the soil, 
ami natural cut io-ities, ol the cnnntrio he hud 
visited An I^nglish translation of ihis work, 
by Forstcr, was printed in 1772. Kalin subse- 
qiiciiily travelled over several parts ol the Rus- 
si.in dominions The lieaiitifui evergreen shrub 
Kulmia is name^l utter him. 

Kane, F^lish.v KK>r..M.D., arctic explorer, 
b Philu Feb. .1, 1820; d Havana, Feb. 16, 
18.'%7. His lather. Judge John K. Kane (Y.C. 
1814), d. Phila Feb. 21, 1858. In his youth 
he was distiiig. for physical hardihood and per- 
severance, lie was educated at the universities 
of Va. ond Pa., taking his mediral degree 
Feb. 3, 1841. In Oct. 184ii he was c!ccti-d res- 
ident physician in ihcPn. Hospital. Ill health 
led to his entering the navy ; and in May, 1 843, 
he sailed as ]>liysiciuii to the embassy lo China. 
He travelled extensively in Asm, bgypt, and 
Kuro|)e, traversing Greece on foot ; explored 
western Africa ; was wounded in a skirmish in 
Ihe Mexican war; and in Mav, 1850. sailed as 
surgeon and naturalist under Lieut. De Haven 
to search for Sir John Franklin. A narrativo 
of thisex|)ed. was pub. by Dr. Kane, 8vo, N.Y., 
1853. He com. n similar cxpcd. which sailed 
May 30, 1853, the survivors of which returned 
Oct. 11, 1859, having been forced to abandon 



K-a.:n- 



501 



KK-A. 



" The Ailvance " in the ice, and to travel with 
sled;,'cs and boats for 8-4 days to tlie Danish 
settlements on the coast of GreeiiUuid. The 
most striking result of the voya;;e was the 
discovery of the open polar sea, the existence 
of wliich Dr. Kane had previously maintained. 
In 1856 he pub. " Arctic Explorations, the 
Srcond Grinncll Exped. in Search of Sir John 
Franklin in lS,")3-5," 2 vols. 8vo. This voyage 
cost the health and lives of most of his party. 
Gold medals wcic awarded him by Congress, 
liy the Icgisl. of N.Y., and by the Roy. GeoK- 
Society of Lond. He also received the queen's 
medal given to arctic explorers. Dr. Kane's 
health giving way a.^ain, he sailed for Eng. 
Just previous to liis depariurc, in Oct. 1856, ho 
in. Mar:;aret Fox the medium; but their union 
was kept secret on^account of the opposition 
ff his family. Their subsequent refusal to ac- 
knowledge the claims of Mrs. Kane led to the 
publication of bis letters to bcr, under the title 
of " Love-Life of Dr. Kane." Growing rapid- 
ly worse in Loud., he sailed, Nov. 17, for St. 
Thomas, whence he went to Havana, where he 
^\.~Sce hii Lif-, hi) Dr. Win. Elder, 8vo, Phila., 
1S.-)S : Dniidamk. 

• Eane, I'.iur,, a Canadian painter, b. Toron- 
to, ali. 1S2U. lie studied in Italy in 1840-5; 
and on his return home travelled extensively 
in the North-west Terr., returning Dec. 9. IS4S, 
with a l.irge collection of sketches, from which 
he made a scries of oil paintings of great mer- 
it. In 1359 he pub. in Lond. " Wanderings 
of an Artist." — Morpn. 

Eapp, FniiDEKiCK, b. Germany, exiled for 
.political reasons in 18.';0. Resided many years 
in N.Y. City; returned home in Slay, 1870. 
App. Hon. Doctor of Sciences in the U. of 
Bonn, 1870. Author of " Life of Baron Steu- 
ben," N.Y., I2mo, 1859; "Life of Baron de 
Kalb," 1362, &.c. 

Kautz, August V., brev. maj.-gon. 
U.S.A., b. nearPotzheim, Baden, Jan. 5, 1828. 
Wc-t Point, IS52. His parents emigrated to 
the U.S. in 1828, and in 1844 settled near Ri|> 
Icy, <). Private in the 1st Ohio Vols, in the 
llcxican war ; and at the capture of Monterey. 
Entering the 4th US. Inf., he was wounded 
bv the Indians in an action on White River, 
Vi'ash. Terr., 1 Mar. 1856. Capt. 6th Cav. 
May 14, 1861 ; com. his regt. during the Penin- 
sular campaign ; col. 2d Ohio Cav. Sept. 10, 
1302 ; com. a cavalry brigade in Ky. in 186-3 ; 
and at the capture of Moniiccllo, Ky., 1 Mav, 
1303, and brev. maj. 9 June, 1863, for action 
there ; was in pursuit and at capture of John 
>Ior,'an in July, 1363; chief of cav 23d corps 
in Ijurnsidc's campaign in E. Tenn. and siege 
of Knoxville; brig.-gen. 7 May, 18G4; and 
served in the Armies of the James and of the 
Potomac; brev. maj.-gcn. Oct. 23. 1864 en- 
g.igcd in cutting the I'etersb. and Wcldon Rail- 
road, [he Uirhmoiidand Danville Railroad, and 
Petersburg and Lynehb. Railroad, and the ac- 
tions at Roanoke Bridge »rrl Keains's Station, 
and at Darbyiown ; relieved from the cav. div. 
and assigned to Ut div. 20thcorps, Mar. 1865; 
in;:>tircii out Jan. 15, 1866. Afterward act- 
ing judge adv. of the niilit. div. of the Gulf; 
brev. lieut.-col. for attack on Petersburg, 9 
June, 1864 ; col. for Darbytown, 7 Oct. 1864 ; 



brev. maj. -gen. 10 Jlar. 1865, for merit, services 
during the Rebellion ;. lieut.-col. 15th Inf. 23 
July, 1S66. Author of " Company Clerk," 
" Customs of the Service," for com. and for 
non-com. officers. — Culliim. 

Kavanagh, Edwakd, statesman, b. Apr. 
27, 1795; d. Newcastle, Me., Jan. 20, 1844. 
A lawver. Member of the Me. legist. 1826- 
8, 1842-3; sec. of State senate 1830; M.C. 
1831-5; c/iuiy/e'rf'ujfHWs to Portugal 1835-41; 
a commiss. for settling the north-eastern boun- 
dary in 1842 ; acting gov. of Me. in 1843-4 ; 
and for a short time pres. of the State senate. 

Kean, John, delegate to Congress from 
S.C. 1785-7 ; commiss. to settle accounts be- 
tween the U.S. and individual States, and 
cashier of the U.S. Bank ; d. Phila. May, 1795. 

Eeane, Jdhv, lord, a British gen., b. 
Belmont. Ireland, 1781 ; d. Aug. 24, 1844. He 
entered the army in 1793 ; served in Egypt in 
the campaign of Martinique and at the siege 
of Fort Desaix ; became lieut.-col. 60th Foot 
in 1812; com. a brigade in the Peninsular 
War; was present at the battles of Vittoria, 
the Pyrenees, Nivelle, Orthes, and Toulouse; 
attained the rank of maj. -gen. in 1814 ; and was 
app. to the com. of the military force destined 
to co-operate with Admiral Cochrane for the 
attack on N. Orleans. When Sir E. Paken- 
bam arrived as the gen.-iu-ehicf. Sir John was 
app. to the com. of the third brigade, and in 
an assault on the American lines, 8 Jan. 1815, 
received two severe wounds. Com. -in-chief at 
Jamaica from 1823 to 1830; at Bombay, from 
1833 to 1339 ; he was then intrusted with the 
operations in AfFghanistan, of which the cap- 
ture of Ghuznee was his crowning achieve- 
ment. For this service ho was raised to the 
peerage as Baron Keane in Dee. 1839. 

Kearney (kar-ni), Lawrence, commo. 
U.S.N., b. Perth Ambov, N. J., Nov. 30, 1789 ; 
d. there Nov. 29, 1368^ Midshipm. July 24, 
1807 ; lieut. -Mar. 6, 1813 ; com. Alar. 3, 1825 ; 
capt. Doc. 20, 1832; commo. 1866. He was 
Is; licut. of tlie schooner " Enterprise," when 
she was wrecked after leaving N. Orleans fora 
cruise in 1312. His services on the i-oast of 
S.C. and adjacent States du.ing tue war of 1812 
were of great utility. After its close, as com. 
of " The Enterprise,'' he performed important 
services in ridding the W. Indies and the Gnlf 
of Mexico of pirates then infesting them ; cap- 
turing their vessels, and destroying their strong- 
holds. In com of " The Warren," he cruised 
in the Levant in 1827 ; and such was his energy 
and activity, that the Greek pirates infesting 
those waters were driven away, their ships de- 
stroyed, and their nesis broken np. App. to 
com. the E.I. squad, in 1841, he secured from ' 
the Cliinesc authorities the recognition of our 
right to trade, and the same protection and 
facilities to our merchants as were about being 
granted by treaty to Great Britain. On his 
return home fVom China, be stojjpcd at the 
Sandwich Islands in June, 1843, in time to 
protest against their transfier to the British 
crown, witliout reference to the rights or in- 
tercs:^ of the U.S. He was afterward a mem- 
ber of the lighthouse board, and of the N.J. 
board of ]iilot commiss. 

Kearny, Philip, maj.-gen. vols., b. N.Y. 



k:h:a. 



502 



ICEII 



CitT, Juno 2, 1815 ; killed in liattic near Chun- 
tilly, Va., Sept. 1. IS02. Col. Coll. 18.13. 
His (,'rcai-granill'.u!icr. ii native of Irclaml. set- 
tled in Monmuiith Co., N.J, iiil716. Bro.of 
Gen. S. \V. ICciii ny. llis raotlier wii< the dau. 
of the philanthropist, John Watts, fouiider ol 
the lA'ake an.l W'.itt,- Orphan House. lie stu- 
died law. hut at 22 ncccpird n licutenaner in 
the 1st l)raj,'oons. Ho was .shortly niter sent 
to Kuropv hy the govt, to study and report 
upon the French cavalry taetics. He entered 
the Polytechnic School ni Sauinur; fought in 
the ranks of ihi) rhiisseiirt tFAfiiij'ie as n vol. 
in Al;.'ena ; and returned home in 1840, with 
the cro>s of the legion of honor. He bceainc 
1st licut. Julv, 1839; was niilc to Gen Scott 
fioni Uec. 1841 to Apr. 1844 ; capt. Doc. 1846 ; 
scrveil under Gen. Scott through the Xlctuan 
campaign, winning the highest disiinciion by 
his bravery, and com. his rcgt. in the Valley 
of AKxico. He was brev. major for gallantry 
at Contreras and Chnrubusco, Aug. 2.1, 1847. 
In the attack on the San Antonio Gate ol the 
city of Mexico, he lo>t his left arm Onlered 
to Cal. hu com. an cxpcd. against the Indians 
of the Columbia Uivcr; resigned inOtt 1851, 
and went to Europe, where he pursued his 
military studies. During the Itiilian war of 
IS59, he served as vol. aide on the staff of the 
French p<;n. Maurice ; was present at Magenta 
and Sollcrino. and received from tlicein|K'rur a 
second decoration of the legion of honor. When 
our civil war broke out, he left Paris; hastened 
to Washington ; was made hrig.gen. of vols, 
just alter the battle of Bull Kiin, dating from 
May 1 7 ; and com. a brigade of N. Jersey troops 
in Franklin's divi..ion. He was soon alter |iro- 
motcd loa division in Gen. Hcintzelraaii'sarmy 
corps, with which he served through the IV- 
ninsular campaign with disting. valor; at Wil- 
liamsburg lie won the day, and at Fair Oaks 
brought ort'his division in safety. During the 
(-days' battles, he was ordereil to leave hi.- sii k 
and wounded. He ncvertlielc>s brought off 
every man of them, and, covering the rear, 
fought his way through what ho consideri'd an 
i:i-jud^ed movement. Made inaj -gen. of vols. 
July 4, 1862. His division was one of the lirst 
to iv-cntorco Gen. Pope, and was almost con- 
stantly engaged in the battles between the 
Kappahannoek and Washington from Aug. 25 
to Sept. 1. As a disiiplinarian, he excelled ; 
and his troops were cnihiisiiL-tic in their ad- 
miration of his bravery and railiuiry ability. 

Kearny, STtriitN Watts, hrig.-gen. 
U.S.A.. U. Newark, N.J., Aug. .30, 1794 ; d. St. 
Louis, Oct. 31, 1S48. Son of Col Philip Kear- 
ny, bro. ol the preceding. Quitting his stu- 
dies at Col. Coll., he entered the army. Mar. 12, 
1812, as licut. I3ih Inf. ; disting. hiiiisclf in the 
action at Queenstown Heights, Get. 13. 1812; 
was made capt. in April, 1813; mnj>r .'!il Inl'. 
Mav 1, 1829; licut.-col. 1st lirags. M.irch 4, 
18.13; col. July 4. 1836; brig. -gen. Jine .30, 
1846. At the roniinciuement of ilie Mexican 
war he com. the Army ol the Wi'st. which 
marched to Cal., I'omiuering New Mexico on 
iis way. Having estaliiislud a provisional govt. 
at Santa Fd, ho procvetlcd to Cal.. and t<>nght 
the luittle of San Pascual, Dec 6, where he was 
twice wounded. He subsequently com. the sail- 



ors and inarine-i, and a dctaihment of drajooni, 
in the battles of San Gabriel ami the Plain- of 
Mesa, Jou. 8 and 9, 1847. He was gov. of Cal 
from March to June, 1847, aftenvard joined 
the ariuy in Mexico ; was miliuirv and civil gov. 
of Vcm'Crus in March, 1848, and of the c.ty of 
Mexico in May, 1848. He was brev. maj.-gcn. 
for his services in New Me.vico and C.d. in Aug. 
1848. Author of a '" Manual lor the Excr- iso 
and Manoeuvring of U.S. Dragoons," Wash- 
ington, 18.37 ; and "Organic Law, "a'ld " I.aw9 
for the Govt, of the Terr, of New Mexico," at 
Santa Fc', Sept. 22, I84G. 

Keating, William U , prof, orminernlogy 
and chemistry in the U. of Pa. ; was Gcologi.-t 
and hi-Iurii)grajilier to Maj. Long's second e.x- 
pcd. Authorof "Narrativcof an FxiKilition to 
the Source of St. Peter's Uiver, ic., in 1823," 
Phila. 1824, 2 vols. 8vo. 

Keayne, Cait. Robkut, one of the found- 
ers of jfs.; came over in 1635 ; d. Boston, Mar. 
23, lC56,a.61. A merchant-tailor by irade. He 
had con-iderabie estate ; encouraircd ami aided 
the plantation at Plymouth in 1624. Uud be- 
longed to the Hon. Art. Co in LuDilon ; and in 
1638 he was the iirincipal In getting up, and 
was tirsi commander of, the Ancient and Hon.- 
Artillery Co., an orgimization which still sur- 
vives. He was a libenil donor lo Hurv. Coil, 
lie was frequently a rcpre-cniative iKtween 
1638 and 1049. He left a lc_'acy lor the estab- 
lishment of a free school in Uosion, which was 
prabably the foundation ot the Latin Gram- 
mar School in Boston. — Hee hit ll'i// in O'ffl- 
tal. Ufi. vol. vi. 

Keene, Lacba, actress, h. Eng. 1830. She 
first played at Mad. Vestris's theatre, the Lyce- 
um, Loi'id. ; in Oct. 1851 , made her detml at the 
Olympic, as Pauline in the " Laily of Lyons ; " 
anil in 1852 came to the U.S , playing at Wal- 
lack's, S^|)t. 20. In Nov. 1855, -he o|,ened the 
V'ariciies, and Nov. 18, 1856, a new theatre, 
known as the Olympic, of which she coniiiiiiecl 
lessee and mana^'eress uniil 1863. Oct. IS, 
1858, she produced " Our American Con-in." 
which had an immense run. " The Seven Sis- 
ters," brought out by her Nov. 26, 18G0, ran 
169 nights. In 1868'slic vis'icd Eng.. and has 
since managed a travelling dmmaiic company. 
— IJrotcn's Amcr, .>''ufff. 

Keep, Ukv. John I'ong. clergyman, b. 
l..onginefl(low. M-.. 20 Apr. 1781 ; d.'OI«eilin, 
O., 11 Feb. 1870 Y.C. 1802. Pamornt liiand- 
ford, Ms., 11 June, 1805-.Mav, 1821 ; at Ho- 
mer, N.V., 1821^3; and in 18:4 at Ohio Ciiy. 
Made a trustee of Oliei III) Coll. in 18.34, he gave 
the easting vote admitting colored iiu) ils to 
that institution. Ilr alierwanis raised $.30 01 
in Eng. lor this coll ami aideil in raisini; lor it 
an endowment of SIOO COO He was the last -i.r- 
vivor of those ministers who in 1810 orguiiiied 
the A. 11. C. F. .\I. 

Keim, Hes. William Hiuu. b. Reading, 
Pa., .lune 25, 1813; d. Harn-burg, Mav 18, 
1802. Educated at Mt. Airy Milit. A. ad. llaiil- 
ware merchant. Sevinil years a militia pen. ; 
survevorof the State 1859'; M.C. 1858-9 ; raaj.- 
gen. I'atlerson's division on the Upper Poto- 
mac; made biig.-gen. L'.S.Vols. 1861 ; com. a 
bri;:ade in .McClcllan's army. 

Keimer, Samcei.^ originall; one of tho 



KEI 



503 



lOBr. 



French Prophets, subsequently a printer at 
l'l>i,a., ana the employer and Inend of inink- 
lin. Auilior of " A brand Plucked out of the 
Buniin ■."caseofSamuel Keiiucr,Li<nd.,12mo, 
1 7 1 8. _: See FrankUns Aul,A>., Aiulwie. 

Keith, Ueouok, Quaker, b. Aberdeen, boot- 
land • d. rceiur ol Kdburton, Sussex, Liiy., al). 
171U lie was welludueated, and eaineto t-ast 
Trrsev » here he was surveNor-gen., in 168f In 
lti-<'Jhc tuu-lil a school in Phila. Alter writing 
in lavor ot (Juakerism, delendin- i^ asaiusi tlie 
.Mathers, and visiting .N. tug- in Us lu.eres , 
on his rciurn in lO'Jl he established a sea ot 
hi;, ou n ; his followers cadiiiy themselves Uiii»- 
liaii tJaakers. Ue at len^tU deserted the so- 
cieiv.oluciated as an Epis. missionary one year 
in Is Y. and Boston, and ab. ITOti repaired to 
Kn" Ue had learning, talent, acuteness, and 
lo-reul skill, but was irritable, overbearin-, and 
virulent. Ue wrote mueh on the subjeet ol 
Quakerism, both pro and con ; also iravels, 
IWJ: ••Journal of Travels Horn xNew Uamp; 



shire to Caia.uek," '-"^'"^^''\,}"if>''S 
the Longitude," 1709. — AeeSanUs Lli>,t. of 
the Uml°s ; Proud . Penn ; \i ka,ion^ Aote in 
AlemM.i Hist. -ioc. ui'Pa., vol. i. , ^ ,, 

•":^eXth, 1SA.C SXOC..TO., U.D. (P iiL Co 1 
1791) iu.ai»terof Cliailestou, b.C, tiom l.SS 
o his d Uee. 14, 18ia; b. Bucks Co., Pa, 
^1, 20,i753, N.'J. Coll. 1775. Minister ol 
Alexandria 1778-83. Ue left *o,OUU to his 
Cliureh, and S^oUO to the Gen. Assembly. A 
coll. of his sermons, addresses, &e., with a Me- 
moir bv Ur. Fliiin, was pub. 1816. 

Keith, Ubukl, U.U., Pr.-Lp. clergyma.^, 
b.Puisloid, Vt., 1793; d. Sheldon, Vt., bep 
3 lS4:i. Midd. Coll. 1814. Ue was for several 
years rector of a church in Georgeiowii U.C., 
there he aeuuired a high reputation. Ue was 
in 18:.2-6 prof, of humanity and history in 
Win and if. Coll.; and alterwards ol pulpit 
elouiicnce and pastoral duty in the Theol. bem. 
of tue lip. Church in Va. Among his publica- 
tions wis a translation of '• Ueugstenbe.g » 
Christologv," and a •'Commentary on the 
Predictions of the Messiah." 3 vols bvo, 183_6. 
Keith, biK William, gov. of la. 1.1-- 
2G- d Lil". ill poverty, Nov. 17, 1-49, a. near 
80.' ile had been survcyor-gen. ot customs 
in America. Ue was a " desperate '■"''S"';';. 
a.w.iys courting the favor ol the people, and 
iiiaKiiig delusive promises to inUividuals, siiik. 
in . at Uiigih into contempt. Ue pub. llie 
li'ioiy ot the British Plantations in Ameri- 
C.1, Part i.,eoniaining the History of \ a. 4to, 
i; !8 ••Collection of Papers and Iraets, 1<4M, 
co.u.i'iniiig an Essay on Public bpirii, Dis- 
cour-e on ihe Present State of the Plantations 
iu Biii. Aiiier., &c. — iiee FrwMiu's Aaiobioy. 

Keitt, Eawkence M., Ue.noc. politician, 
b. Ui^ngc'burg Uiot., b.C.,Oct 4, 1824; d. Uich- 
luond. June l 1864, of wounds received in the 
batt.e of the preceding day. b.C. Coll. IS4J. 
Adm. to practise law in 1845 ;meml«r bate 
k-i»l 1848- M.C. 1853-61. Member Lonled. 
Congress; col. 2Uth S.C. regt.; oneof the lirsi in 
the (Jollied, service ; afterward a brig.-gcn. Ue 
„.;dcd Brooks in his attack on benaior sumner 

'"KelieV. William Uabrah. lawyer and 
pohlxianr b. Phila. 12 Apr. 1814. Grandson 



of Maior John, a Revol. officer of Salem Co., 
N.J. Losing his father at an eariv age, ha 
learned the jewelry business, which he fol- 
lowed in Boston in 1835-9, at the same time 
acquiring reputation as a writer nm\ speaker 
Returning to Phila. he was adm. to he bar 17 
Apr 1841 ; became conspicuous m i lie JJemoc. 
party ; was attv-gen. in 1845-6 ; judge C.C.P. 
?846-56; and M.C. since 18G1. Joined the 
Renub party in 1834, when he made his hrst 
"S Rqmb. address on " Slavery m the 
Territories." Author of many remarkab,e 
speeches and addresses, taking high rank a- a 
political orator. , f. 

KeUoeg, Claba Louise, vocalist, b. bum- 
ter S C 1 842, of New-England parent.. 1 Icr 
larlv years we're passed in Ct. In 1858 she 
resided in N.Y. City, where her mother was a 
..lairvoyant doctor. Failure was the result of 
l,er first attempt on the stage; but by ceaseless 
study and effon she developed her powers, and 
on her re-appearance was tolerab y s>iccesslul 
She made her de-but at last in " Kigoletto, at 
^he Acad, of Music, Feb. 27, 1361, and agam 
failed. Her third effort was a success, and 
since that time her progress has been rapid. 
She found a friend in U. G. Stebbins of New 
York, who charged himself with the care and 
cost of her musical education, tier hrst re^il 
triumph was at N.Y. in 1864, as Margheritain 
•' Faust," in which she appeared at London, 
Nov 2 1867, with complete sueeess. _ in 
"Linda de Charaounix " Mr acting ami -siiig- 
in.', especially in the malediction scene, pro- 
duJ^ed great applause. She has also won 
public approbation in M^'lha, I B.ir- 
biere " "Don Giovanni," " Lueia, La Ira- 
viata'," and raanv other leading operas. 

Kellogg, Edward; d. Brooklyn, N.I.. 
A,^% l^is. a. 68. Au.hor of " Labor and 
othcVGipiial," 8V0, N.Y., 1849. 

KeUv. James Madison, lawyer, b. ^\ash- 
iivton Co., Ga., Jan. 1795; d. Perry, Ga., 
Ja"i. 17, 1849. In early life he was m trace ; 
tan.'ht :;chool ; and was a justice of the peace. 
Adm to the bar in 1837, he was soon al er a 
member of the legisl. ; and in Jan. 1846 
"porter of the Sup. Ct Ue pub o vols, of 
Georgia Reports. - Jii/fe''s Bench and Bar 

""'^ Kelly, JoiiK, many years editor of the 
E^lS-a-s Utt'er, b. Warner, N.H., Mijr. -, 
1786; d. Exeter, Nov. 3, 1860. Uar tra. Coll 
1804. Ue j.ractised law m Hei.ii.ker and 
Xorthwood; member of the N. H. leg.sl 
clerk of the house in 1828 ;.removed to Exuer 
in 1831 ; State councillor in 1846. Uistin„. 
as an antiquarian. — Alumni DC. 

KeUv, Jonathan F, humorist, known as 
"KaSlridge," "'Jack Humphries,' and 
" Stampede." Author of " Memoirs of Fal- 
coiibridge, a Collection of Humorous Scenes, 

^'''Kelly,'RonEitT, LL.l). (Roch. U.) a u.e- 
lul cw.fi of New York, b. 1809; d 27 Apr. 
1856. Col. Coll. 1827. He acquired wea 
■IS a drv-goods merchant, and retired iroin 
busiiiess-iif 1836. A good cla.-ical scholar he 
acquired the knowledge ot 8 I""!-;";';;':"; ^ ; 
,,l?,ng himself to the promotion ol 1 "h "• ^ '' 
Lion and the amelioratiou of human nusciy, 



HJS^M 



304 



KEN 



he wus iirus. of the Board of Eilucuion, it't.'cnt 
oflhu l). of N.V., a fouiuliT of the N.Y. Free 
Acad . and prca. of the trustees of the IIoumj 
of Kcfiijie. 

Eemble, Frances Asnb (Mrs. Builcr), 
lu-ircs^ and tiuthorcAS (niui-e of tliu celebrated 
Mrs SiddiiiH). b. Lotidun, 1811. 'rhoii;;h a 
iiieinlier of ihc most celebniled fiirnily of liritish 
aciuiN, sliu iniinirc'tcd no |>reddcction for the 
8lni:c, Iml WU9 induced by the enibiirni»sed cir- 
cumstances of her fuiiidy to make her J^iiif at 
C'ovent Ciarden, then under the m.inu;;emeiit of 
her father (Charles), Oct. 10, 18-.'9. She 
played Juliet wiih eoiujilete success ; and for 3 
years |H'rformed leaiin;; parts in tra^jeiiy and 
comedy with i;reat u|>plaus<-, includin;; that of 
L<jui>e dc Savoy in Iter own play of " Francis 
Fir^t," wriiien wln-n she was 17. She was the 
o. i;;inal npresentaiivc of Julia in " The 
Ilun< hhack." In 18)2 i>he accomp. her father 
to the U. S., and was eiithusiasticuily received 
in the chief cities. In 1034 she was m. to 
I'iercc ISutler of I'hila. son of the Mnator of 
that name, and retired from the Kia;^. They 
separati'd, from incompatibility of tastes and 
temperainent, in 1845. She pub. "A Journal 
of a Residence in America." 2 vols. London, 
18.15; in 1837 a drama, "The Star of Seville;" 
and in 1844 a coll. of hor poeiit<<, a portion of 
which only had previonsly appeared. In 1846 
she visited Italy; and in 1847 pub. an account 
of her tour, enliiled " A Year of Con.-olaiion." 
In the winter of 1S48-9 she commenced in 
Boston a series of Shakspeariun readings, 
which drew crowded audiences, and durin;; ilie 
next two years repeated the course in some of 
the principal American cities. In 1831 she 
retiii lied to Kn^'land ; re-appeared for a brief 
period on the staire; and, alter t;i*''"K readinjrs 
in London and other cities, maile another long 
Coniinental tonr. In ISati she returned to the 
Us., and continued to give reailiu'^s till Feb. 
1860, when she took h'T farewell <jf the public 
at Busioii. She ajiain read in New York in 
Mar. 1868. In 1S63 she |iub. "Juurnul of a 
Residence on a Geoii;ia Plantation." In 1863 
she pub. in London a volume eontaininii; "An 
Kn.'lish Trnm'dy," by herself, and Mime trans- 
lations. During the civil war she resided in 
Lnirland. 

Kemp, Jahus, D.I). (Col. Coll. 1802), 

Prot.-Ep. bishop of Md., b. Altcrdccnshirc, 
Scotlaiiil, ill 1704 ; d. naltimore, Oct. 28, 1827. 
Marv.ehal Coll., Alwrdcvn, 1786. Ho attended 
the iliviiiiiy liTtures of the celtlirated Dr. 
CampU'll. In Apr. 1787 lie embarked for the 
U.S. ; was tivo ye^irs a private tutor in Dor- 
chester Co., .\ld', and was, Dec. 26, 1789, adin. 
to onler^. In 1790 ho became rector in the 
Great Choptaiik I'aiish ; in 1813 hs.soc. rector 
ol St. Paul's. lialtiinore; *asconsee.sufri-ii;.'an, 
Sept. 1, 1814 ; and in 1816, n|ion the death of 
l>i«hop Cla;rL'ef, siiccce«Ie<l him as tlitx'csan. 
I'lovost of the U. of .Md. 1816-27. Uisdeath 
was occiisionud by the upsettin;; of a stage- 
coach. 

Eempi John, LL D., prof, of malhcm. in 
Col. Coir, b. Arhlossan, Scoiland, Apr. 10. 
1763; d. Not. 13, 1812. .Mar. Coll. A)K,rd. 
I7i*l. He was cliosen a memlier of the Roy. 
Society of Ldinb. befotc be w.is 21 ; came to 



Va. soon after; and, removing to \.Y., wo-s in 
1 785 app. teacher of math. The next year he 
wa» app. prof., and in 1795 a.isumed the chair 
of u'l-ot'niphv, history, and cbroniilo;rv. 

Kemper, Jack^.s, D.I)., LL.l). (U. of 

Cainb ), lirst mi.'.s. bishop of the l'rot.-Kpi<. 
Church, b. Pleasant Vallev. Dtiihess Co 
N. Y., Dec. 24, 1 789 ; d. Delalield, Waukesha Co.. 
Wis., .May 24, 1870. Col. Coll. 1809. Deacon 
1811 ; prienl 1812. Tlie first 2<l years of his 
ministerial l^fc were s|>enl in I'hila. S4-pt. 25, 
1835, while rector of n chur b in Norwalk, Ct., 
he was consec. missionary bishop of Mo. and 
Ind., and was afterward transferred to Wis., 
Iowa, Min., Kansas, and Nebraska. Klccteil 
bishop of Wis. I8.'>4. He hail an immense and 
thinly settled diocese- ; and bi> Ion;; ami frequent 
journeys were made on horseliaik, or in an 
0|icn wauoii. In 1868 he attended the General 
Council ol Itisliops in I<oii<lon. 

Kemper, Jamks, pre*, of Walnut Hills 
Coll., Ohio; d. An-.-. 29, 18.14, a. 80. 

Kemper, James Lawson, maj.-pen. 
C.S.A., b. Nladison Co., Va.. 1824. Wash. 
Coll., Va., 1844. Lawyer; 10 years memlwr 
of the Va. Ie;;isl. ; 2 yearn S|ieiiker ; col. 7th 
Va. regt. 2 -May, 1861'; brig.-^.-en. -May, 1862; 
maj.-gen. June,' 1864. Fouiibt at lin'll Run, 
Williamsburg, Seven Pines, Second Bull Run, 
South .Mountain, Frolcrickshnr-.; ; desperately 
wounditl and captured at Gctty»;iurg, and dis- 
abled fniin fiirthci service. 

Kempt, .SiK James, gov. of Xova Seutia, 
1820-8; u'ov. Can.ida 1828-10; b. r.<linbur;;h 
1763; d. I^iiid.in, Dec 20,1833. i:iisi;.'n lOlst 
Foot 1783; eapt. Illtli, 1794; served in Ire- 
land and Holland; lieut.-eol. 1799; aide-de- 
camp, and inilit. see. to Sir Ra'ph Alx'nroin- 
bie in llgyiit m 1800; served ihroui:h llio 
Peninsular campaigns; maj.-g<?n. 1812; sc- 
veielv wounded at Waterloo ; licut.gcn. May 
27. 1823 ; gen. 1841. 

Kendall, Amo?, LL. D. (Dartm Coll. 
1849). politician and publicist, b. Dunstable, 
Ms., Aug 16, 1789 ; d. Wasliin;.'ton, DC, 
Nov. 12, 1869. Dartm. Coll. 1811. Until the 
ax'O of 16 he workeil on his father's furm. 
Adm. to the liar; and in the spring of 1814 
cniig. to I.<exington, Ky. Here he re>orte<l a 
while to teaching ; and was for some months 
a tutor in the family of Henry Clay. Subse- 
quently establishing liimseif in praelico at 
Georgetown, he was app. |>ostmastcr, and editcJ 
the Atyiu, a (Hilitical news|>uiK'r, ably luUticat- 
ing the lending measures of the Democ. party. 
He was also one of the earliest friends of com- 
mon schools 111 Ky.. and siiececded in priM-uriii:: 
the (Hissing of an net to district the Suite and 
to provide a sihuollund. He was a linn ni|i- 
|iorier of Gen. Jaek^on, who in 1H29 app. Iiini 
4tli auditor of the in-asury. In May, 1833, he 
was made |>oslinasler-yen., and rcorgnniinl 
the ilep;., fret'inu' it ti'om the debt with which it 
had Invn embarrassed. Ho retired in June, 
18411, and afierw .nl devoted himself clii' Uy to 
his prole.ssion. In 1843 he undertook the en- 
tire iuiinui.'emcnt of Prof. Morse's intea'«i in the 
Electio-.Miignetic Teli-criiph. He foiindeil an 1 
was lirst pres. of the Deaf and Dumb Asylum 
in Washington, D.C.and wasalilienil lienefac- 
lor of the Baptist Cbuivh there. For soma 



k;k:n- 



50^ 



years lie was pros, of the Trustees of Col. 
Coll., D.C, in which he had emlowcil several 
schohirslii is. He left ill MS. ii history of his 
" Life anil Times." Author of a " Life of 
Anilrew.J;uksiin," b-.f;un in 184'i,but not eom- 
plci-il. — Ser iJ.'iiirx-. Ben. i. 40:i. 

Kendall, CiKdkge Wh.kins, journalist 
Bii.l iiHiiior. 1). Ainher!.t. N.H., 1807 ; (I. Post 
Oak Sprin..'. near Bowie, Texas, O-t. 21, 1867. 
A printer hy trade. lie travelled extensively 
tliroufch the Southern and Western States, 
working at his trade as a journeyman, lie 
wont from N.Y. to N. Orleans in 1835, and es- 
tahli<lied there, Jan. 27, 1837, in partnership 
with K. A. Lum-.deii, ihc Pirn i/iine, a daily 
newspaper, which became a leading Southern 
journal. He joined the Santa Fe' exped. in 
1841, of which he puh. an account, enihraciiit; 
his own captivity and snfferin;:s in Mexico, en- 
titled " Narrative of the Texan Santa Fe Ex- 
pedition," 2 vols. 1844. Accompanying the 
forces under Taylor and Seott, he witnessed 
the chief conflicts of the Mexican war. By 
means of pony expresses and steamers, he sii])- 
piied his ncwspaiier regularly with the earliest 
and fullest intelligence of the movements and 
battles of the coiitejidin;^ armies, even sup- 
plyinjj liovt. with advices in advance of its 
official despatches. On one of these ocea.-ions 
he chartered a steamer at an expense of SaOOU. 
He afterward passed two years in Europe, super- 
intendin;; the pub. of a costly illustrated work 
on the war, which a|ipeared in I8.il in a lolio 
vol. In 1862 he established a laiixe Kraziuj^ 
f.irm near New Braunfels, in Coinai Co., Cen- 
tral Texas, where he resided, after retiring from 
the mana'.remcnt of the Picaijune. — N, Y. 
Inl'nml. Mwi. iii. 145. 

Kendal, S,\.MCiiL, D.n. (Y.C. 1805), min- 
ister of Weston, Ms., from Nov. 5, 178.5, to his 
death, Feb. 16. 1814; b. Sherburne, Ms., July 
11, 17.i3. H.U. 1782. His ancestor Francis 
lived in Woburn, in 1647. A vol. of his ser- 
mons was pub. after his death. — Cd. Cent. 
Feb. 26, 1814. 

Kendrick, Asahel Clark, D.D. (Un. 
Coll. 1848), a Baptist cleiL'vman, and Greek 
Scholar, b. I'oultney, Vt., Dec. 7, 1803. Ham. 
Coll. 1831. He taught two years in the aead. 
at Hamilton, N.Y. ; in ISSl'was tutor in the 
literary aucl thccd. inst. there; and in 1832 was 
made prof, of (ireek and Latin. He remained 
jirof. of Greek till 18.50, when, on the estab- 
lishment of the U. of Rochester, he was called 
to the Greek professorship, where he still re- 
mains. In 1832—4 he visited Europe. Besides 
numerous contiibs. to maiiazines and reviews, 
he has pub. sermons; memoirs; avol. of poems 
entitled Echoes," translated from the Ger- 
man ; ann several Greek text-books; a Memoir 
of Mrs. K. C. Judson, 1860, Life of liev. L. 
W. IVck; and has revised Olshansen's "Com- 
mentary on the New Testament." 

Kendrick, John, navi(;a>or. b. Boston ; 
killed in the roadstead of Hawaii in 1800. A 
ie.^ident of Wareiiam, Ms., com. a privateer 
during the Ucvol. war, was of an adventurous 
spirit, and was one of the Hrst of Ainer. seamen 
to undertake useful voyages of discovery. In 
Au^ 1787, commanding Tilt ( 'olumbia " and 
the sloop " Wu:.hlngt.;n,' jlied out by Boston 



merchants, lie explored the north-west coast of 
America and the islands of the Pacific. Ex- 
cbangiuf; ships with Capt. Gray, his second in 
com., the latter, in a subsequent voyage, discov- 
ered the Columbia River. In 1791 ICendriek, 
in comp.iny with Douglas, in the brigs " Wash- 
ington" and " Grace," made another voyage 
to the South Seas. He visited Oecanica ; ori- 
ginated, and carried on asuccessful tradein san- 
dal-wood with China ; and was in the harbor 
of Hawaii, when an English capt., replying to 
his salute, discharged a cannon loailcd with 
grape. Kendrick and two of his men were 
killed. — Xouv. Biog. Univ.; Freeman's Cajje 
Oxl. ii. 732. 

Kendl'ick, Nathaxiel,D.D.(B.U.1823), 
Baptist clcigvman, b. Hanover, N.H., Apr. 22, 
1777 ; d. Sc|.t. 1 1, 1848. Until the age of 20, 
he worked un his father's farm. Liecu.sed to 
preach in 1803, he labored a year at Bellinghara, 
Ms.; wasjiastoratLansingbuig, N.Y.,in 180.5- 
10, at Middlebury, Vt., in 1810-17, when he 
became pastor at Eaton, N.Y. Prof, of theol- 
ogy and moral philosophy in the institution 
(now Madison U.) at Hamilton, from 1822 to 
his death. He was injured by a fall in 1843, 
and sutfeied greatly till he d. — Sre Memoir bi/ 
his Soii-in-Lau; Rev. S. \V. Adams, D.D. 

Kennedy, Archibald, succeeded to the 
earldum ol Cassalis in 1792 ; d. Dec. 29, 1794. 
Made capt. li.N. Apr. 4, 1737; receiver-gen. 
of N. Y. Author of " Importance of the 
Northern Colonies," N.Y.. 8vo, 1749 ; " Pres- 
ent State of the Northern Colonics," 8vo, 1 754. 
He m. Anne, dan. of John Watts of N.Y. In 
Dec. 176.3 he.com. " The Blonde," 32, and af- 
terward " The Coventry," at N.Y. In 1760, 
as capt. of" The Flamborough," he greatly dis- 
tiiig himself ill an action with a French frigate 
of supiriiir lorce. 

Kennedy, Edmund Pendleton, capt. 
U.S.N., b. .Md. 1780; d. Norfolk, Va., Mar. 
28, 1844. Midshipm. Nov. 22, 1805; lieut. 
June 9, 1810 ; masler-eom. Mar. 5, 1817 ; capt. 
Apr. 24. 1828. 

Kennedy, John Pendleton, LL.D. 
(U. U. 1863), author and |ioiitician, b. Bahi- 
niorc, 25 Oct. 1795 ; d. Newport, R.I., 18 Aug. 
1870. Bah. Coll. 1812. In 1814 he was a vol. 
in the battles of Bladensliurg and North Point; 
practised law in Baltimore from 1816 to 1838; 
was M C. ill 1837-9 and 1841-5, and a promi- 
nent leader in the Whig partv ; member of the 
Md. house of dele-ates in 1820 and 1822, and 
speaker in 1846; and was sec. U. S. navy in 
1852. In 1831 he was a delegate to the Con- 
vention of Friends of the Maniif. Interest held 
in N. York ; and was one of a coin, to draught 
an address advocating a protective policy. He 
commenced his literary career by the publica- 
tion, in fortnightly numbeis, of the "Red Book" 
ill 1818-19. Among his various speeches, re- 
ports, addresses, &c., are " A Review of the 
('aiiil)ridge Free-Trade Report, by Mcphis- 
tophiles," 1830; " Report on U S. Commerce 
and Navigation," 1842. and on the " Ware- 
house Svstem," 1 843 ; " Defence of the Whigs," 
1844; a'lso author of the novels. "Swallow 
B.iru," 1832; " Horse-Shoe Robinson," 1833 ; 
" Rob of the Bowl," 1838, and " Quod Libet," 
1840; of" Memoirs of Win. Wirt," 1849; and 



KKX 



■)0r) 



KKN- 



manv hist nml litiTsrv Msay«, ruvii-ws. &c. — 
^).> l.ii,-!.,, II T. yVJlirrm.ln. 8vi), IXTl. 

Kennedy, William, private ».r. to K«rl 
nurhuiii ill ('iiiiiiilii, mill t'uriiii'rly lirit. roH'-ul 
ut IVxas. Author of " IVmih," mid of " 'I'lie 
KiM-, l*ri);n^^ss, and l*ro«|>e<.'is of tlic Uejiiiblic 
of Texas," 2 vols. Svo. IS4I ; also " Texas, 
lis (iio-., Xal. Hi'it., and T<>|)0..' ." Svo, 18-14 ; 
" SiT.Viiy ill .Scaix-h of Sir. I Franklin," 1853. 

Kennon, UfcVKRLV, oapt. U.S.X.; killed 
hy liie bnrsijii<; of a cannun on lioard tlic 
suainur'" Priiieclon," Vi-U. as, 1844. Mii|slii|>in. 

Miiv 18, 18)19; lii'iit. July -.>>. 181:); c Apr. 

24,"lS2S; capl. VvYi. V), 1837; chief of tlio 
bun- in of ciMistruciion, &<■. 

Kenrick, Kha.m'is I'atiiick, D.n., K. C. 

nielibp. of llaliimore, b. Dublin, Dec. ,3, 1797 ; 
d. lialtiinure, ,Iuly 8, 1863. Ue re<-cived a clat- 
»ical edncttiiun, and after 6 years of iIk'oI. study 
n( Koine in 1S21 was ord. pric«l. He then caine 
to the L' S., and comluetuil for 9 yeara an ecele- 
si.istieal seiii. at Bardstown, Ky. In IS28 lie 
pub. " l.eiiorsof OmiiTon to Oniejjra," in reply 

to Kvr. Dr. Blackburn's attack on iliu R an 

Cuth. doctrine of the Eucharist. June 0, 18.30, 
he wasconscc. b'shop ol Arath, and co-adjiiior 
to l)i>liup I'onwcd of Philu., whom ho sueceedi-d 
in 1842. Durin;; hisepiscopateiii 1844 theanii- 
Culholic riot9 occurred in Pliila , and he made 
cvcrv etli>rt to calm the a;;itation of lioih par- 
ti.-s.' lie lound.-d the Thciil. .Scni. iil St. Cliirles 
Borroineoiii I'liila. Ani;. 19. !85l, hcsucceed- 
ed ICccl.'ston as archbislmp uf Ualtinion-. The 
pope iiaincd him " apostolic delc::ate " ti> prc- 
siile over the tir..t plenary council of the U.S., 
i-onvened ut Baltimore in .May, 1852, and in 
I8J9 ciinlcrrcd on him and his successors the 
" primacy of honor " in the U.S. In 1839-40 
he pub. " Thi^ttijiti /AH/Mithra" 4 vols.; in 
1841-3 •' TlmJajia .Uuiii/i»," 3 vols. ; in 1837 
a series 'if letters " on the rriraucy of the Ho- 
ly See," subsi'quenlly enlarged, ami reprinted 
as " The I'riinacv of the Apostolic See Vindi- 
cated," 1S45 ; " l*'our Sermons preached in the 
Cathedral ut Bardstown," 182'J ; " The Oath. 
Doctrine on Justification Explained and Vin- 
dicated," 1841 ; "Treatise on Bapti-iii," 1843; 
and " Vindication of the Catholic Church," in 
nply to Bishop Hopkins's " End of Coiiiro- 
versy Controverted, 1855. The article " IJo- 
iiian Catholic Church," in Applcton's Cyclo- 
paedia, was from his pen. He was latterly en- 
gaged ngion a revised ICnj^lish translation of 
the Scriptures, intended to su|K'r!.edc the 
Diinay ver>ion ; and hail already pub. tlie New 
Tc^iaiiient anil several [Kiriions of the Old. 

Kenrick, I'eter Kichard, D.D., R. C. 

urelibi^liop ol St. Loui.s, bro.of 1". 1*., b. Dub- 
lin. 1 SU6. Educated at Mayiiooih, where he was 
prelect. Onl. priest in Irelaml, and came to 
riiila. while his bro. was co-adjiitor. Here he 
had eliarce ol the Cdlliulie if- mid: wrote a 
niimlicr ol translations and ori^'inal works ; and 
was made vicar-^iMi. Nov. ,30, 1841, be was 
consw'. lii»hop >if Drasa and co-adjutorof Bish- 
op Rosati ol St. Ixjuis, whom besuccee<Kd in 
1 843. in 1847 lie lieeame the first aix-hbishop of 
that city, the environs of « liich he bus adorned 
with one of the liiicst cemeteries in the world. 
He has piib. " The Holy Hou<<> of l^intio." 
"A>ii:licanUrdinaiions,"nnd sonic iranslatiuiis. 



Konsett, J<mi<( FRLDCRtcic, artist, b 
Chcbiie, Ci.. Mar 22, 1818. lie studied vn- 
Kraviii^' in N. Vork, and for several yiars exe- 
cuted vi;;nette9 for bank-notes. In 1840 he 
vi'itcil Enj; ; and in ibe spring' of IW.'i he px- 
hibilcd in the Roy. Acad Lond. his firni pi ■• 
tnrc, a " View of Windsor Castle." He ni.\t 
sjK'iit two winters in Rome. His " View on 
tfie Amo" and "Shrine," exhibited ol tlio 
Acad, of De.-.i::n in N. Y. in 1848, establiiibeJ 
his reputation. Since his return in 1847 he 
has resided in New Vork, in tlie praciieeorhis 
art. Anion;; his raost (wpular works are "View 
of Mt. Washington fmm N. Conway," 1849; 
"Franconia .Mount.iins," 18.'>3; " Ociolier Day 
in the White Mountains," 1855; "Hudson 
River from Fort I'utnam," 1856; " Fulls of 
the Bashpish; " " Sunset on the Coast," 1858; 
" Lake ticor^e ; " " Uiswaier; " " Noon on the 
Sea-shore;" " Ailirondacks ; " " Niii(;ani ; " 
" llousatonic Valley ; " " Coa.<t Scenery ; " 
&c. In 1859 be wiLs app. a memlicr of the Na- 
tional Art Commission, iiaving tbedircrtiim of 
the ornamentation of the Capitol at Was(|in;;- 
ton, and ilid superinten<lcnce of the works dc-- 
positcd there. In 1848 he was elected an asso- 
ciate, and in 1849 a member, of the National 
Acad, ot Design. 

Kent, EtiWARu, LED. (Wat. Coll. 1855), 
jurist, b. Conronl, N.ll., Jan. 8, 1802. H. U. 
1821. He studied law; attended a cuiirsc of 
law lectures hy (.'bancd iir Kent in N.Y. City ; 
settled in practice at Bangor, Me., in 1825 ; ond 
at once took hi;:h rank in the profession. In 
1827 ho was app. c!iief justice of the Court of 
Sessions for lVnolisi.oi t"o.; and from 1829 to 
18.)3 was a ineinber of the leyisl. He was af- 
terward mayor of Baii;;or 2 years, and was (;ov. 
in 1838 anil '40, In 1843°he was a|>p. hy the 
leyisl. one "f the coiiiniiss. for seltliii;,' the Me. 
boiiiiil ry-liiie under the .Vshburton Treaty. In 
1848 he "was a dcl<';,'ate to the convention which 
notninaied Gen. Taylor, upon whose acces^imi 
to the presidency (Jov. Kent »ii> app. consul uc 
Rio de Janeiro In the sp. in;; ol 1854 he re- 
turned to Biiii;;or, and resumed practice. In 
18.'>9 be was app. assoc. justice of the Supreiue 
Court. 

Kent, James, LL.D. (Col. Coll. 1797), 
jurist, b. fhilippi. Putnam Co., N.V., 31 July, 
I7B3; d. N.Y. City. 12 Dec. 1847. Y. C. 
1781. Moss Kent ( bis lather) was sorrojiatu 
of Rensselaer Co. James studied law w.th 
E;;l)ert Benson ; was adin. to the bar in 1787 ; 
bo;;an practice at l'ou:;bkeepsie ; was a mem- 
lier of the le;;isl. in I790 and '92; and, renmv- 
ing to New York, in I7M liccame prol. ol law 
in Col. Coll. Counselled by Hamilton, bo 
diiveted his attention to the doctrines of the 
civil law, in which he was deeply n-ad. App. 
ma-ter inchamvry, and elected to the legisl. in 
1796 ; city recorder in 1797 ; jud;;c of the Su- 
preme I'ourt in 1798; chief justice in Julv, 
1M>4; and chancellor from Feb. 1814, to .'il 
July, 1823. In 1823 be represented Albany 
Co. in the State Const. Conv., of which lie 
was a distini:. member. App. law |in>f. in Col. 
Coll. in 1824, his li^cturvs Ueliverx-d there form 
the basis uf his cvlebnited e<>inmentarie> on the 
U S. Constitution, pub. in 4 >ols. 1 ,sji".-.K>. Ho 
was not only an eminent jurist, i>ut wis oiiei><' 



KE?^ 



607 



KET 



the first le^al writers of his time. In 1836 he 
wrote and pub , at the request of the eominon 
council of New York, a compendious treatise 
on the city charter and the powers of the 
municipal ofScers. The latter part of his life 
was passed in enlarging and correcting his 
" Commentaries," and in giving opinions on 
legal sniijccts. Made pres. of the N.Y. Hist. 
Soc. in 1828. His decisions in law and equity 
are preserved in the Ucports of Caines and 
Johnson. His son William, an eminent law- 
yer (1S02-4 Jan. 1861), was .some years judge 
of the X.Y. Circuit Court, and prof, of law at 
11. L'. 1846-7. Moss Kent, his bro., was M.C. 
in I81.i-I7. 

Kent, Joseph, physician and statesman, 
b. Caivcrt Co., Md., Jan. U, 1779; d. near 
Bladcn>burg, Md., Nov. 24, 18.i7. He was 
educiited as a physician, and combined the 
practice of his profession with the successful 
pursuit of agriciiliure, tirst in Caivcrt Co., 
and after 1806 in I'lince George Co. He was 
an M.C. in 1811-15 and in 1821-6; gov. of 
Md. in 1826-9 ; and a U.S. senator in 18;)3-7. 

Kenton, Gts. Smiys, Western pioneer, b. 
Fauquier Co., Va., April 3, 1755; d. Logan 
Co., O., April 29, 1836. His father was Irish, 
his mother Scotch. At the age of 16 he had 
an affray wi[|i a succcs,-.ful rival in love; and, 
supijosing be had killed him, he fled to the 
wilderness west of the Alleghanies, where, dur- 
ing the conflicts with the Indians in the Kevol. 
war, be performed many daring feats, and was 
the friend and companion of Boone. He was 
wiih Major Clarke at the surprise of Kaskaskia 
in 1778; was soon after captured by the In- 
dians, and saved from death at their hands by 
the renegade Simon Girty. ICscaping from the 
British prison at Detroit in July, 1779, he dis- 
cing, himself during the invasion cf Ky. by the 
British and Indians in that year, leading an 
actii-e and numerous company Irora Harrod's 
Siaiion, who drove out the invaders. After 
leadin;.' a successful exped. au'ainst the maraud- 
ing Indians on the Great Miami, he in July, 
1784, settled near Maysville. In 1793-4 he 
was major, com. a bati. of Ky. vols, under Gen. 
Wayne. Beggared by lawsiiiis from a defec- 
tive land-tifle, and from losses, in 1802 he be- 
came landless ; settled on Mud Kiver. Ohio ; be- 
came a brig.-gen. in 1805; and in 1813 served un- 
der Shelby in the battle of the Thames. In 1824 
he appeared in Frankfort in tattered garments 
to petition the legist, of Ky. to relea.sc the claim 
of the State upon some land owned by biuL 
His appearance at first excited ritficule ; but, on 
being recognized, he was treated with much dis- 
tinction, and his lands rcleaseil. Congress 
subsequently gave him a pension. — Voliins's 

Kenyon, William Asiicrv, a native of 
Hinghaiii, Ms., who taught school in Illinois, 
and travelled widely in the Miii. Valley. I'ub. 
in Jan. 1845 " Miscellaneous i'oems," &e., the 
first vol. of poems printed in Illinois. " Several 
of them pleasantly satirize backwoods customs, 
hut with more truth than poetry." — Poets and 
Poetrif of the West. 

"Siev, John, b. Boston, Ms., ab. 1785. 
Author of " Travels through the U. S. and 
Mexico in 1808-16," 8vo, Elizabcthtown, N.J., 



1816. Removed at an early age with his father 
to London, and educated at Westminster 
School. Ker found a tribe of Indians near the 
Red Kiver, from whose language and customs 
he inferred a Welsh origin, and whom he sup- 
posed descended from Madoe, the Welsh 
prince, who in the 12th century, sailing duo 
west from Wales, discovered an unknown 
country, and who never returned froio his 3d 
vovage. 

feerfoot, John Barrett, D. D. (Col. 
Coll. 18.">0), LL.l). Rector St. James Coll. 
Md.; pres. Trin. Coll. 1864-5; consec. bishop 
of Pittsburg. Jan. 23, 1866. 

Kerlerec, gov. of La. Feb. 9, 1733, to 
June, 1763, when he returned to France, and 
was thrown into the Bastile, on a charge of 
peculation He was a capt. in the French 
navy ; had been 25 years in active service; was 
in four general engagements ; and had received 
several wounds. — Gayarr^. 

Kerney, Martin J., author and editor, b. 
Frederick Co., Md., 1819 ; d. Baltimore, Mar. 
16, 1861. After conducting an acad. in Bait., 
he became a lawyer, and continued in practice 
till his death. Member of the legisl. of Md. in 
1852. He edited the Metroiiotitan Ma;/a:ine 4 
years ; compiled the Catholic Almanac for 
1860-1 ; and wrote a number of school-books, 
among them a " Compendium of History." 

Kershaw, J. B., maj.-gen. Confed. army, b. 
S.C. Raised tiie 2d S.C. regt., and disting. at 
Bull Run. .Made brig.-gen. 13 Feb. 1862; 
maj.-gen. 1864; com. a brigade in McLaw's 
division, and engaged in the Peninsular battles 
wiih McCiellan ; at the second Bull Run, An- 
tietam, Fredericksburg, and Gettysburg; com. 
a brig, of Longstreet's corps at Cbickamauga; 
and was in the attack on Knoxville, and the 
battles of the Wilderness ; and surrendered 
with Lee in Apr. 1863, having com. a division 
in the corps of Longstreet after Knoxville. 

Kertk, Admiral Sir Daviu, com. of a 
successful exped. against Canada; had been 
a master-mariner at Dieppe, France, but en- 
tered the English naval service in the reign of 
Charles I. Placed in charge of a formidable 
force, and accoiup. bv his two brothers, he ar- 
rived at Tadoussac in midsummer, 1628, and 
after destroying the stores, &c., sent a sum- 
mons to Chainplain to surrender, which was 
refused. Kerik, thinking Quebec strongly for- 
tified, after capturing a French convoy on its 
way to Quebec, went home. In July, 1629, he 
returned, again demanded a surrender ; and 
Champlain, being weaker than ever, capitulated. 
Kertk, leaving his bro. Lewis in com. of the 
city, proceeded to Eng., taking Champlain and 
others with him as prisoners of war. He after- 
ward captured Cape Breton, which was re- 
captured Ijy Capt. Daniel. These events took 
place two months after peace had been con- 
cluded between France and England, and were 
not recognized by either nation. As late as 
1645 he was on the coast of Newfoundland. — 
J/orr/f/;j. 

Ketcbum, William Scott, brev. maj.- 
gen. U.S.A., b. Norwalk, Ct., July 7, 1813; d. 
by poison, Bali., 28 June, 1871. West Point, 
1834. His father. Major Daniel, disting. him- 
self at the battle of Niagara, July 25, 1814 ; d 



KKT 



508 



KTD 



Jeffurson Barracks, Auk 30, I82S. Win. S. cn- 
turvil (lie- i>tli Inf., wiu inuilc lut liciK. ib Dec. 
1837; assist, qiiiirti-nn. (rank of c:i|>l.) 2S Kub. 
18;i9; capi. 10 Fob. XH-ii; major (4th Inf.) 5 
June, IStiU; lii'ut.-col. (lUtb Inf) Nov. I, 1861 ; 
col. (I lib Inf) 6 May. 1864. lie survcil in 
Fiorlila from 1838 to 1842 ; joineil (it.-n. Tay- 
lor at Corpus Cbristi, Texas, in 184S; coin, 
at Fori Laramie truin Sept. 1850, lo .luly, 1835; 
uflcrwanl servol a;:aiiisi the Indians ; wan on 
Uuiy in Kansas in 1857-j; then marched niih 
his regiment to Utali, and thence to Cal lie 
urierward com. various |iosts in the dept.orthc 
I'acitie. Feb. 3, 1862, he was made brij;.-j;cn. 
Vols. ; was nciind insp.-cen. in iho West 1861- 
2; and 13 Mar. 1805 was brcv. bri(;.-;,'cn. for 
merit, services durin<; tho Uebellion, ami maj.- 
Cen for merit. i«rviees in the war dept. ; ru- 
tiix-cl July, 1870. — Ciilliim. 

Kettell, S.vML'EL, editor, b. Xewburvport, 
Au-. J, 18U0; d. Maiden, M^., Uec. 3,'l855. 
ICn;;ai.'in;: early in literarv pursuits, he assisted 
Mr. Uoodrieh in preparln;; the I'etcr Parley 
books, one of which ho translated into modern 
Cireek while on a voyage to Malta ; and it was 
pull, in that lani;ua;;e. He also pub. a coll. of 
" Specimens of American I'octry," 3 vols. 
IJnio, 1829; " I'crsonal Narrative of the First 
Voynjfe of Columbus," 1827 ; " Hecords of the 
Span. Inouisition," 1823 ; and many clever pa- 
pers in the periodicals of the day. Was an 
accomplished liuKUist ; and, self-taught, mas- 
tered, as IS said, 14 lanjjua^es. ilaviii^ been a 
fieijuent contrib. to the Boston Courier, he Ikj- 
came principal editor on the retirement of Mr. 
Buckiii^hain. in 1848, and condueieil it with 
vi^ur and ability until his death Member of 
tho let;i^l. in 1 85 1 -3. — Cos/on Courier, Dec. 8, 
lS.->5. 

Key, Fb.vncis Scott, lawyer and poet, b. 
FrcKiick Co., Md., Aug. 1, 1779; d. Balti- 
more, Jan. 1 1, 1843. Son of .John Ross Kev, 
Rovol. officer, who d. Frederick Co., .Md., Oct. 
12,1821. Kducated at St. John's Coll., and 
studied law at Annapolis, in the office of his 
uncle Philip B. Key. In 1801 he com- 
menced practice at Frcdericktown, but in a few 
years removed to Washington, U.C., where he 
was dist. atty. The " Star-Spangled Ban- 
ner," our national lyric, was suggested ami 
partially written while the author was di-- 
tained in the British Hcct, during ihc liombard- 
iiient of Ft. Mellenry, near Baltimore. A 
po-thumous coll. of his misccllaneuus poems was 
pub. NY. 1837. 

Eeyes, Krasmus Dabwis, inaj.-een. vols., 
b. Sturbridge. .Ms., May 29, 1811. West Point, 
1832. lie removed to Kennebec Co., Me., in 
early yonth; entered the 3d Art.; was made Ist 
liciit.'in 1836 ; assist, atlj.-gcn. (rank of capt.) 
inl8.18; capt. Nov. 1841 ; and instr. of art. and 
cav. ut the .Milit. Aead. from July, 1844. to 
Uec. 1848. Afterward ordered to liic north- 
west, he com. a bait, of art., and was highly 
disting. in the o|>erations against the Indians 
of Pugvt's Sound in 185G, and N. of Snake 
Kiver, Washington Terr, in Sept 1858; maj. 
Ist Art. 12 Oct. 1858; and col. llth Inf. 14 
May, 1861. At the battle of Bull Kun he com. 
the Ist brig, in Tyler's division; brig gon. of 
vohi. dutinj; froiu May 17 ; and in Feb. 1862 



took com. of the 4th corp< of the Army i f tho 
Potomac. He was actively engaged in the bat- 
tles of the Peninsular campaign ; anil for gal 
lant conduct was maile maj. -gen. of vols. 5 
May, and brcv. brig-gen. U.S.A., to dale from 
May 31, the day of the battle of Fair Oaks. 
He was afterward stationed with a division at 
Yorktown, Va.; was eiigagi-il in an cxpetl. to 
West Point, Va., 7 .M.iv, 1863, and under Gen. 
Dix towards Uichniomf, Jaiic-.July, 1863; ro- 
sigiied 6 Mav, 1864.— CuJIum. 

Kidd, William, a noteil pirate, executed ' 
at lAiiid. 24 .May, 1701. Son of John, a Scot- 
tish Noncimformist minister, who suffered tor- 
ture by the iMXit, dying 14 Aug. 1679. Win. 
followed the sea from jiis youth ; and ab. 1695 
was known as one of the lM>ldest and most suc- 
ces>fnl shipmasters that sailed from N.Y. In 
May, 1691 , the N.Y. council awanlisl him £150 
for siTvice to the Colony. Kwciving from 
Win. Ill a commiss. as capt. of " The Adrcn- 
ture," galley of .30 guns, for the suppression 
of piracy, he saiK-d from Plyniouih, I'-ng , in 
Apr. 1696, but, turning piraio himself, returned 
in 1698 with a large booty to X Y. The Karl 
of Belloinontcauscd him to be arrested, and sent 
lo Eng. for trial. The charge of piracy sccmi 
not to have lieeii proved; but, on the chargt! of 
having killed one of his crew named Jloorc, 
ho was convicted after a grossly unfair trial, and 
hanged. — Sir Gillun Miilliir's Brirf Itrtntion 
o/'Piilieiil ami ./o't/'iil SiifiTinijg: llitt. .•<kelrh of 
}{ohiii llooj wid Cii/il. 'kiJ<l,liu W. W. CaiK/t- 
bell, 1853; "Full Arcuiiiil uf ilie PiWfiliiys in 
lieliilinn to," fi-c., lAind., 4to, 1701. 

Eidder, Daniel Paicish, D. D. (McK. 
Coll. 1831), .Meth. miiiisierand author, b. Da- 
rien, Genesee Co., N.Y., (l-i. 18, 1815. Wtsl. 
U. 18.36. Entering the Genesee conf. he was 
in 1837-40 missionary to Kio do Janeiro, and 
travelled through Brazil, from San Paulo to the 
mouth of the Amazon ; stalioned at Pater- 
son, N. J., in 1841, at Tn.'nlon, 1843 App. in 
1844 editor of the pubs of the .M. E. Church, 
and corresp. sec. of the S. S Union, contin- 
uing 12 years; travelled in Eun.|ic in 1852- 
3 ; prof, of theology in the (iairett Inst., Ev- 
anston. 111., 1836-71. IIiLs pub. " Mormon- 
ism and tho Mormons." 1842; " Sketclics 
of Hcsidcnce and Travel in Brazil," 2 vols. 
1845; "Brazil and the Brazilians " (with J. 
C. Fletcher), 8vo, 1837 ; and eilited the .•>«n(/iiy 
Sr/iiiol Ath'ornte and .-ome 800 Sumlay-.school 
books, &c. Ho also translated from the Portu- 
guese a tract advocating the alwliilon of cler- 
ical celibacy, I.v Feijo, 18nio, 1844. 

Kidder, t''iiKDbKK', historical writer, li. 
New Ipswich, N II., 16 Apr. 1804. Educated 
at an iicad. in N. I. At 17 he enierol u store ia 
Boston ; afterwards spent 10 years in mercantile 
business at the South, and, reiurning lo Boston, 
cstalili<lied bimseOf in the Southern commiss. 
business. He re>iiles at Melni~c, .Ms. Mem- 
ber of the N. E. II. and Geneal. Soc.,to »lio<o 
liet/iti-T he has contrib., havin:; siiccially studied 
the hisi. anil language of the N.E. Imlians. .\ii- 
llior of" I'he Alicnaki Indian-," &c., 1839; 
•■ Exped.of Capt. lA)vewcll," 1865; " Eastern 
Mc. and Nora Si-otia in the ItevnI.," I8C7 ; 
" Hist. Isl N. II. Hcgt. in the Kevol ," I86'< ; 
" The Boston Massacre," Sx., 1870; with Ur 



KID 



509 



TTTT. 



A. A. Gould, " Iliet. of New Ipswich, N.H.," 
1852. Now preparin!; a Hist, of Acadia. 

Kidney, John Steisfort, Ep. clergyman 
and poet, I]. Es^vx Co., N. J., 1819, where his 
ancestor- h.ul lived for 150 years. He was ed- 
ucated jLUtly at Un. Coll., and .studied law 
before enicriiig the Church through tlic course 
of instruction of the Gen. Theol. Sem. He 
has offiriatcd in N.C., in Salem, N. J., and 
Saratoga Springs, N.Y. His "Catawba River 
and other Poetns " was pub. in 1847. — Oui/c- 
kiwk. 

Kiernan, Ges. James L., M.D. (U. of 
X.Y.), physician ; d. N.Y., Nov. 27, 1SG9. a. ab. 
33. When ihe civil war began, he was editor of 
the .V(dical Prtss, and prof, in the public schools 
of that city. Entering the service as a surgeon, 
he was with Fremont in Mo., and at the bat- 
lie of Pea nidge; and was surgeon 6th Mo., 
Cav. until May, 1863, when he resigned on ac- 
count of wounds received near Port Gibson, 
where he was captured, but soon after escaped. 
Brig.-gcn. vols. Aug. 3, 1863. After the war, 
he was U. S. consul at Chin Kiang. 

Kilboume, James, a pioneer of Ohio, b. 
Fa»niingti)n, Ct., Oct. 19, 1770; d. Worthing- 
ton, (j., Apr. 9, 1S50. Thomas Kilbornc, from 
whom arc descended all bearing the name in 
this country, cniig. from Eng. in 1635, and 
settled iu W'ethersfield. James became a suc- 
cessful mechanic, a merchant, and finally a 
nianuf ; was always ready to aid in establish- 
ing public libraries, literary debating societies, 
and in public improvements; and, having been 
adm. in 1800 to deacon's orders, occasionally 
officiated as a clergyman. In 1802 he origi- 
nated and organized the " Scioto Company," 
and led in pi-rson a band of emigrants to Cen- 
tral Ohio. He named their settlement Wortlt- 
ington, anil lived to see it a flourishing com- 
munity. He was app. col. of the frontier regt. ; 
was M.C. from 1813 to 1817 and in 1839-41 ; 
was often a member of the Slate legisl. ; was 
U.S. surv. of public lands for the N.W. Terr.; 
was app. by Congress commiss. lo settle the 
boundary-line between the public lands and the 
great Va. reservation; in 18U6 was one of the 
lirst trustees of Ohio Coll. at Athens ; in 1808 
was app. by the legisl. one of the 3 commiss. to 
locate the seat of the Miami U. ; in 1812 was 
elected prcs. of the board of trustees of Worth- 
ington Coll. He was the first to propose dona- 
tions of lands to actual settlers in the N. \V. 
Terr., and, as chairman of a select committee, 
he drew up and presented a bill for that pur- 
po-c. James his son, prof in the Eel. Med. 
inst. of Cincin., d. there 30 May, 1845. — .See 
K4l,'j,in,e. I'timihi. 

Kilboume, Johx, author and pub., b. Ber- 
lin, Ct., Aug. 7, 1787 ; d. Columbus, O., Mar. 
12, 1831. Vt. IT. 1810. He was some years 
principal of Worthington Coll., Ohio ; but, re- 
linquishing this situation, he became a book- 
seller and pub. in Colnmbus. He )iub a Map 
of Ohio; a vol. entitled "Public Documents 
concerning the Ohio Canals," Columbus, 8vo, 
1832 ; a " School Geography ; " and a " Gazet- 
teer of Ohio," 1816, which in 1833 was 
amended, enlarged, ai.d republished. 

Kilboume, 1'atse Kenton, writer, b. 
Liichtield, Ct., July 26, 1815; d. July 19, 1859. 



A printer by trade. He assisted in the publica- 
tion of a literary paper in Hartford, Ct., and 
subsequently purchased the Litrlifvtd Ini/uirer, 
which he conducted from 1845 to 185.3. In 
1843 he pub, ''The Skeptic and other Poems;" 
in 1845 a " History of the Kilbourn Family ; " 
in 1851 a " Biog. History of the County of 
Litchfield;" and in 1859 a "History of Litch- 
field," which was not only written but put in 
type entirely by himself In 1857 he was pri- 
vate sec. of Gov. Holley of Ct. He was a writer 
of superior abilities, both in poetry and prose, 
and an enthusiastic student of history. — .V. /'. 
IJisf. ami Gen. Rpq. xiii. 373. 

Kilby, Thomas, poet, king's commission- 
er at Louisburg; d. there Aug. 23, 1746. H.U. 
1 723. He was Grand Master of Masons, as well 
as a scholar and a wit. His satire upon the 
Land Bank, though of a local character, is still 
read with pleasure. 

Killen, William, jurist, b. Ireland, 1722; 
d. Dover, Del., Oct. 3, 1805. He came at 15 
to America, with a good English education ; 
settled in the family of Samuel, father of John 
Dickinson, and studied Greek and Latin, soon 
attaining proficiency. He was some years Co. 
surveyor; studied law; and soon had extensive 
practice, especially in land-suits. For many 
years he was a representative in the Del. Assem- 
bly. He took an active part in the Revol. con- 
test; was first chief justice of the Sup. Conn of 
Del. from 1776 to 1793 ; and chancellor of the 
State from 1793 till 1801.— iV. Y. Sped. Oct. 
22, 1805 

Kilner, Thomas, actor, b. Lancashire, 
Eng., 1777; d. on his farm near Wilmington, 
Ind., Jan 2, 1862. An actor of repute in the 
Prov. circuits of Eng. ; first app. at the Park, 
N. Y., in 1 81 5 ; in 1 821 became a lessee of the 
Fedcral-st. theatre, Boston, where (Sept. 2S) he 
first app. as Sir Anthony Absolute. He became 
at once popular, being excellent in old men. 
"Old Tom," as he was alwavs called, retired 
from the stage in 1831 . — Brown's Aimr. .Sla^je. 

Kilpatrick, Jcdson, brev. maj.-gen. 
U.S.A., b. near Dickertown, N.J., 14 Jan. 1836. 
West Point, 1861. Entering the 1st Art., he 
was wounded at Big Bethel, Va., 10 June, 1861 ; 
lieut.-col.andaide-de-camp29Jan. 1862; licut.- 
eol. 2d N.Y. Cav. 25 Sept. 1861 ; engaged in 
various skirmishes in Va. and in battle of Ma- 
nassas 29-30 Aug. 1862 ; col. 2d NY. Cav. 6 
Dec. 1862; com. cav. brigade in " Stoncman's 
Raid," Apr. 1863 ; com. in action of Aldie, for 
which brev. maj. 17 June, 1863; brev. lieut.- 
col. 3 July, 1863, for Gettysburg; com. cav. 
division. Army of Potomac, and in frequent 
engagements from 4 Aug. 1863 to 15 Apr. 
1864; com. 3d Cav. division. Army of the 
Cumberland, in invasion of Ga. ; and engaged 
at Ringgohl and at Resaca, 13 May, 1864, 
when severely wounded, and brev. col. ; in the 
" march to the sea," and invasions of the 
Carolinas; and engaL'cd in many actions and 
skirmishes ; capt. Ist Art. 30 Nov. 1864 ; brev. 
brig.gen. 13 Mar. 1865 for capture of Fayette- 
ville, N.C., and maj.-gen. U.S.A. for campaign 
in the Carolinas, and maj.-gen. vols. 18 June, 
1865. Envoy-extr. and minis, to Chili since 
11 Nov. 1865. He is an eflfective political 
speaker. 



KIX. 



510 



ICXN- 



Kilty, AcoLSTL's II., riitnmo. U.S.N., b. 
M<l. Miilsliipm. Jiilv 4, ISJI ; limit. Scpl. 6, 
I8.IT ; corn. Sept. 14. 1855; cnpt. July 16, 
lsii2; cuininu. (ntircil lUl) Jiilv 25, 1866. In 
18iil-a he I'um. the Runliuuc " .Mounil City," 
ol the Mpi. flulilla.and was with Kooic in near- 
ly III! uf hii iictionii with the enemv ; in June, 
ISfii, he cort. nn exped. to White hiver. Ark., 
nnd captured Kurt St. Charles, June 17 (in this 
action he lo«t an arm) ; com. iron-clad " Roa- 
noke," N. Atl. squad., 1864-5; comiuandaDC 
Norfolk nawyard ll*6"-T(). 

Kimball, D.^siel, toundcr of Union 
Aiad.. I'luiii:ield,N.II., to which he gave about 
Si'5.iit)0 ; d. March, 1817, a. 63. 

Kimball, IIeder C. a lending Mormon, 
b. 18U1 ; d. Salt Lake, June 2:2,1868. He 
WHS converted to Mormonism in 1832 at 
Ki'rilund, (>., at the same time with Bri;:ham 
Youn;;. In I8.')5 he was ord. one of the 12 
apostles; and in 1837 was sent with Orson 
llyde as a missionary to En::. On his nlurn 
in 18.'18, he joined the Mormons of Kay rounly, 
Mo., and shared their persecutions and expul- 
sions from tliat Siateund III. Arriving at Salt 
Lake in the autumn of 1846, he was made the 
head priest of the order of Melchiscdec. He, 
with Voun^ and Daniel C. Wells, formed the 
first triumvirate to preside over and f.'overn the 
whole church. Young was accustomed to 
speak of Kimball as the model saint. He was 
uneducateil, coarse, and disi;ustin;; as a speak- 
er ; full of low cunning, and unrelenting in 
his vcii;;eanic. 

Kimball, I.vcrease, inventor of the first 
machine lor making cut-nails ; d. Hanover, 
N.II., Sept. 16, 1S56, a. 80. His invention, 
patented in 1806, was of no nse to him, as he 
would not sell Ills right. He subsequently 
seined diraiiged. 

Kimball, Joskph Hor.kce ; d. Pembroke, 
X.H., .\pr. 11, 1838. Ho edited at Concord 
the UtrulJ of Freedom ; visiled the W. Indies 
with J. A. Thome; and pub. " ICmancipaiion 
in the West Indies," "A Six Months' Tour," 
&c. 

Kimball, IticnARD BuRLEicn, anther, 
b. riuinlicld. Xa, Oct. 11, 1816. Dartm. 
Coll. 1834. After one year's study of law he 
travelled in Great Britain and Germany, and 
residcil some time in Paris, where he attended 
the lectutvs of the most eminent profs, both of 
medicine and law. Returuing to Amcr., he 
piaciiscd law at Waterford, N.V., and in 1840 
III X.Y. City. His works arc" Riminisccncca 
of an Old Man " in Knicixil«l:Fr'.i Mwiaziiie ; 
" St. Ix-gcr, or the Threads of Life,' 1849 ; 
" Letters from England ; " " Letters from 
Cuba," 1850; " Cuba and the Cuban«,"18.iO; 
" Romani-e of Studeni-Lifc Abroad," 18M ; 
•' Was he successful ! " " In the Tronics ; " 
" Unilercurrents ; " " Revelations ol Wall St.; " 
"Henry Powers, Banker," 1868; and " To- 
Day," 1870. Contrib. to Puliiiim's iloiithlii, 
Knicktrliocker, and other periodicals. Co^.•ditor 
with Dr. Framis, Dr. Griswold, George P. 
Morris, and 1". W. Shelton,of the " Knlckcr- 
Iwikcr Gallery." 

King, AUSTIN A., statesman, b. Sullivan 
Co., Icnn., Sept. 20, 1801 ; d. St. Louis. Mo., 
Apr. 22, IS70. He began to practise law in 



1822; removed to Mo. in IMO; mrnil>cr of 
the legisl. in 1^14 nnd 1836 ; circuit judge of 
Hay Co. 18.17-48; gov. of Mo. 184S>-53; 
•gain judge of Ray Co. Cinuit in 1862, and 
elected to the 38th Congress. In the Charles- 
ton Dcmoc. coiivcniion of 1860 he was a 
pniininent I>ou:.'laH man. He dcnounccil the 
war for the Union as unncfssiir^-. 

King, CinRi,E<, LL D.( 11. fc. 1850), jour- 
nalist and scholar, li. N'.Y., Mar 16, 1789; d. 
Kra>cate, near Rome. luly, ScpL 27, 1867. 
Son of Rufus King, who, while minister at 
Lond., sent him to Harrow School, and in 180.% 
to a preparatory school at Paris. On his fa- 
ther's return to the U.S., ho was, by advice of 
Sir Fnincis Baring, placed in the banking- 
house of Hope & Co., Amsterdam. At the 
close of 1 806 he relumeil to his native i-ountry. 
In 1810 he married Klir^a, dau. of Archibald 
Gracie, a leading merchant of N.Y.,wiili whom 
he was associated in biisiness. Though a I'ed- 
eralist. he deemed it right to prosecute the war 
of 1812 to an honorable nnd successful result, 
and wos a member of the X.Y. legisl. in 1813, 
and a vol. in the autumn of 1814. In 1823 
the lirm of which he was a member failc)!; 
and Mr. King became connected with Ver- 
planck in the publication of the N.Y'. .'Inwn- 
Ciin, a jKjIitical and literary sheet of high char- 
acter, until 1827 ; when Ver|jlanck mired, and 
Mr. King conlinned sole editor until 1847. 
He was afterward assoc. in the conduct of the 
X. Y. Courier atiil Im/iiirrr from 1845 yntil 
1849, when he was chosen pres. of Col. Coll., 
which jiost he resigned in 1864. The in- 
dejiendcnce of his character was strikingly 
evinced by his earliest public act. Being sent 
to Kng. by the govt, aficr the war of 1812, to 
investigate the treatment of our prisoners at 
Dartinnor, he did not hesitate to exonerate the 
British authorities from nil censure in the mut- 
ter in the face of the most intense indignation 
on the part of the American |ic-ople, and nf 
what many persons believe<l the clear and un- 
questionable facts of the case. Author of 
" Memoir of the Construction, &c., of the 
Croton Aqiietluct," 4io 1843 ; " History of the 
X. Y. Chamlicr of Commerce," 8ro ; " New 
York Fifty Years Ai^) ; " an Address before the 
Mechanics' Society, and other hist, aildressoj. 

King, CiUBLES B , port.-iMiintcr, b. New- 
port, R.I., 1786; d. Washington, D.C, Mar. 
IS, 1862. For 40 years his stuilio at tlie Capi- 
tol was rilled with the likenessesof the eminent 
men of the day. He donated n school-fund 
to his naiive town for musical instruction, and 
gave to the Redwiwd Library several thousand 
dollars, and inanv paintin;:". — Tnrlrrmfin. 

King, CvRLS, M.C. 1813-17; h. Scarbo- 
rough. .Mc, .Sept. 16, 1772; d. April 25, 1817. 
Col. Coll. 1794. Half-bro. of Rufus, and his 
private sec. in 1796 ; pr.Ktised law 20 years in 
Jsaco : innj.-gcn. of militia. 

King, Dan, M.D , phv>ician and anthor, 
b. Manstiel.l, Ct.,27 Jan. l'791 ; d. Smithtield, 
R. I., 13 Xov. 1864. He liegan i>racti<Y in 
Preston in 1815 ; continued it in Charlcstoivn, 
R. I., in 1820-38; in Woonsocket ISI8-I8; 
in 'rnunton, Ms., 1848-5S; and finally in 
Smithficld. Member of the R. I. legisl. 1828- 
34, and the advocate of a new consiiiuiinn and 



Kiisr 



511 



KIN 



extended suffrage. He was a friend to the rem- 
nant of the tril)C of the Narragansett Indians, 
and caused a school for them to lie supported 
In- the State. Author of " Life and Times of 
Thos. \V. Dorr," " Quackerv Unmasked," and 
many alile articles in the iledui.il Journal and 
otlu'i' periodicals. 

King, DanmelPdtxam, a scientific farmer 
ami poliiii'ian, b. Danvers, Ms., June 8, 1801 ; 
d. there July 2.5, 1850. H.U. 182.3. Hestndied 
Ian-, hut sooq abandoned it for the practice of 
a','riculture. In 1836-7 he was a State represen- 
tative, in 18.38-9 a senator, and in 1840-1 prcs. 
of the senate. In 1843 he was apiin a member 
of the house, of which he was elected speaker; 
and was M.C. in 184.3-9. He pub. an address 
comniem. the GOth anniv. of the battle of Lex- 
ington, delivered in Danvers in 1835. 

King, James Gore, banker and merchant 
of X.y.. b. N.Y. Citv, Mav 8. 1791 ; d. High- 
wood, X. J., Oct. 3, '1853.' H.U. 1810. His 
father, Rufus King, minister to Eng., had him 
educated in the best schools there. He returned 
to the U.S. in 1805, and, after graduating, stud- 
ied law at Litchfield. Marrying the dan. of 
Alexander Gracie in Feb. 1812, he established 
himself as a merchant at Liverpool, with his 
bro.-in-law, under the firm of King and Gracie. 
In 1824 he became a partner in the banking- 
house of Prince, Ward, and King ; on the disso- 
lution of which he formed a new one of a similar 
character, under the name of James G. King 
and .'^ons. He served as adj. -gen. in the war 
of 1812-15; wasaleading member of the N.Y. 
Chamber of Commerce, and, at the time of his 
death, its prcs. M.C. 1849-51. 

King, JoHV Alsop, statesman, b. N. Y. 
City, Jan. 3, 1738 ; d. Jamaica, L. I., July 7, 
1868. He was the eldest son of Rufus King, 
and in his boyhood accomp. his father to Eng., 
and, with his bro. Charles, was educated at 
Harrow School and at Paris. He served 
through the war of 1812 as lieut. of a troop 
of horse; represented Queen's Co. in the As- 
sembly in 1819-21, '32, '38, and '40; was sec. 
of legation to Great Britain nnder his father 
in 1825; was a leading member of the 31st 
Congress, and a sti^enuous opponent of its Fu- 
gitive-slave Bill ; was a delegate to the Repub. 
conv. at Phila. in 1856; and was gov. of N.Y. 
in 1857-9. A farmer by occupation, he took a 
deep interest in the Queen's Co. Agric. Soc., 
and was pres. of the N. Y. Agric. Soc. 

King, Jons Crookshakks, sculptor, b. 
KilHiuning, Scotland, Oct. II, 1806. He waj 
cdu''alL'd as a practical machinist, and, emigrat- 
ing to the US. in 1829, was employed several 
years in Cincinnati and Louisville as supt. 
of a factory. In 1834, at the suggestion of 
Hiram Powers, he made a successful clay mod- 
el of the be:\d of his wife, and adopted the pro- 
fession of a sculptor. From 1837 to 1840 he 
resided in N. Orleans, modelled a number of 
busts of public men, and made cameo likenesses. 
He now resides in Boston. He has executed 
busts of Webster, of John Quincy Adams, Dr. 
Saml. Woodward, Prof Aga.<siz, R. W. Emer- 
son, and other prominent men. 

King, John H., brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. 
Mich. App. 2d lieut. 1st Inf 2 Dec. 1837 ; 1st 
iJcul. 2 Mar. 18.39; capt. 31 Oct. 1846; inaj. 



15th, 14 Mav, 1861 ; licut.-col. 14th, 1 June, 
1863; col. 9th Inf ,30 July, 1865; brig.-gen. 
vols. 29 Nov. 1862; brev.-col. 20 Sept. 1863 ; 
brig.-gen. U S.A., for RulTs Station, 13 Mar. 
1865; and muj.-gcn. same date. 

King, Jon- AS, D.D. (N.J. Coll. 1832), Cong, 
clergvman.and missionary to Greece, b. Hawley, 
Ms.,"julv 29, 1792; d. Athens, Greece, May 
22, 1869.' Wms. Coll. 1816; And. Scm. 1819. 
He was a missionary in S. C. some months, 
and in Palestine in 1823-6; reached Boston in 
the fall of 1827, and was employed in the 
Northern and Middle States. He entered upon 
the Greek mission in July, 1828 ; and ni. a 
Greek lady, July 22, 1829." A " Farewell Inci- 
ter" to his fi-iends on leaving Syria, stating his 
reasons for not becoming a Roman Catholic, 
became, with other pulilications of his in 1852, 
the basis of a prosecution against him ; and he 
was condemned to 15 days' confinement in a 
loathsome prison, and to expulsion from (Jrecce. 
Owing to the vigorous protests of our govt, he 
was confined but one day, and was not ban- 
ished. Before 1867, he had translated and 
printed in modern Greek 5 vols, of the Tract 
Society's publications. He also pub 4 vols, of 
his own works in that language. 

King, Mitchell, LL.D. (Char. Coll. and 
U. of E. Tenn.), judge, b. Scotland, June 8, 
1783. Hewentto Lond.in 1804, and to Charles- 
ton, S.C., where he opened a school, in 1806, and 
soon received a protessorship in the coll. of that 
city. He began to study law in 1807 ; was one 
of the founders of the Philos. Society in 1809, 
before which he delivered lectures on astrono- 
my ; and in 1810 was adm. to the bar. He soon 
disting. himself; prospered in his practice ; and 
became in 1819 judge of the City Court of 
Charleston. In 1830-2 he w;is an active mem- 
ber of the Union parly, and opposed the doc- 
trine of State nullification. From 1842 to 1844 
he was again judge of the City Court ; and at 
different periods he served as delegate in the 
State convention, and as pres. of the trustees 
of the Med. Coll., and of other societies for the 
promotion of art, literature, science, and public 
enterprises. He originated the Charleston Lit- 
erary Club, and has written numerous essays 
and addresses for various societies and literary 
institutions. — A/i/iIkIoii. 

King, Preston, statesman, b. Ogdensbnrg, 
N. Y., Oct. 14, 1806; d. N. Y. City, Nov. 13, 
1865. Un. Coll. 1827. He studied and prac 
tisctl law in St. Lawrence Co., N.Y. ; started 
the St. Lawrence /i/wW/cun in 1830; and was 
one of the warmest supportersof Gen. Jackson. 
He was a Dcmoc. until 1853, when he joined 
the Rcpub. partv. Postmaster at Ogdensbnrg; 
member of the N.Y. Assembly in 1834-7 ; M.C. 
1843-7 and 1849-53; U.S. 'senator 1857-63; 
afterward resuming the practice of law in N.Y. 
Delegate to the Repub. convention at Balti- 
more in 1864, he was a firm supporter of An- 
drew Johnson, by whom he was in Aug. 1865 
app. collector of the port of N.Y. During a 
fit of aberration of fnind he jumped from a fer- 
rv-boat, and was drowned. 
' King, Rufus, LL.D. (H.U. 1806), orator, 
statesman, and diplomatist, b. Scarborough, 
Mc, Mar. 24, 1755; d. .Jamaica, L.L, Apr. 29, 
1827. H. U. 1777. Son of an opulent mer- 



xcrN- 



512 



KTN- 



chant. lie entcrcJ the law-office of Thcophilus 
I'lirsons at Xcwburjport. In 1778 he wua 
aide-<le-ciimp to Gen. Glover in the expedition 
n^'uiiist U.I. lie commenced pmcliec in 1780; 
in 1782 WHS eleiteil to the Icgisl.; meintwr of 
the Old Concivss 1784-6. lie in March, 178.'>, 
moved a resolution, " That there be neither 
slavery nor involuntary servitude in any of the 
States descril>cd in the roolution of Congress 
of April, 1784, otherwise than in punishment 
of crime ; and that this re);ulation shall lie 
made an article of compact, and remain a fun- 
damental principle of the Constitution." This 
resolution was, by the votes of 7 States against 
4, referred to acorn, of the whole, and was ul- 
tiiost word for word cmlioilied by Nathan Dane 
in his famous orilinancc of 1787. Mr. Kin;; 
advocaicil the Constitution, l)oth in the Gen. 
and State conventions. In 1788 he removed to 
N.V., having in 1786 m. the dau. of John Al- 
sop, an opulent merchant of that city. In 1789 
he was elected to the X.Y. legisl., by whiili body 
Gen. Schuyler and himself were chosen the first 
ffiTators from the State under the Constitution 
of the U. S. In 1794, under the si:.'nature of 
"Caniillus," he defended the British Treaty. 
The most celebrated speech made by him in 
the U.S. senate was in this year, on the ri^ht 
of Allicrt Gallatin to a seat in senate, which he 
suci-essrully opposed. In 1796-1804 Mr. King 
was minister to London, having previously de- 
clined the offer of the dept. of state. In 1813 
he was a third lime sent to the senate by the 
N. Y. legisl. His speech on the burning of 
Washington by the British was one of his 
most eloquent displays, and teemed with senti- 
ments which had echoes from nil parties. In 
1819 he WHS re-clectal to the senate. He took 
the lead in opposing the admission of Mo. as a 
slave State ; and several of the laws which ho 
proposed and carried were of great conse- 
quence. In 1825 he accepted ijom I'res. Ad- 
ams the app. of minister to London, but re- 
turned in ill health in 1826. 

King, HCFUS, diplomatist and journalist, 
b. X.Y. City, Jan. 26, 1 814. West Point, 1 83.3. 
Son of Pres. Charles King, and grandson of 
liufus. He entered the engineer corps, and as- 
sisted in the construction of Fortress Monroe. 
Resigning in Sept. 1836, he became assist, engr. 
of the N Y. and Erie liailroad ; was a while 
connccied with the Albany Evenimj Journal ; 
then edited the fAiiVy A'lvertiKr; and was app. 
by Gov. Sewanl adj.gcn. of NY. Removing 
to Wis., he cditetl the Milwaukie Senliiiel until 
1861; when Mr. Lincoln app. him minister to 
Rome. Obtaining permission to dclav his de- 
paiture during the civil war, he was miule brig - 
pen. of Vols. May 17, 1861, and soon alter re- 
signed his diplomatic app. Promoted to com- 
mand a division in McOowell's army at Fred- 
ericksburg, he com. in the combat of Grovcton 
28 Aug. ; was engaged in the battle of Manas- 
sas; in tjct. IS68 WHS placed under Gen. l)ix'« 
command ; com. at Yorkiown, Vn., in Mar.- 
July, 1863 ; and com. divi-ion at Foirfax C. H., 
July-dct. 20, 1863, when be resigned ; and was 
minister to Rome to 1 July, 1867. — Cullum. 

King, SfSA.f (PKTicBr), authoress, b. 
Charlest.m, S. C. Uau. of J. L. Peligru, an 
:minent lawyer of S. C. Slic was highly edu- 



cated, and m. Henry C, son of Judge Mitchell 
King. After bis death, she m. Congressman 
Bowcn, suhwquently convicted of bigamy. 
Author of several stories of hishionablc life, as 
" The Busy Moments of an Idle Woman," 
"Lily," and "Sylvia's World." She is dis- 
ting. for conversational talent, and has eonlrib. 
to periodicals. 

King, TnoMAB Bijtlkr, politician, b. 
Hampden Co., Ms., Aug. 27, 1804 ; d. 
Wavnesborough, Ga., May 10, 1864. Educated 
at WcstHeld Acad., Ms., and studio! for the 
bar, but removed to Ga. in 1823 ; m., and be- 
came a cotton planter. State senator in 1832- 
4, '35, and '37; M.C. 1839-43 and 184.^-9. Col- 
lector of Son Francisco in I849-.">1, he resided 
some years in Colifomia. Returning to Ga., 
he was State senator in 18.S9 ; memlicr of the 
Milledgeville convention of 18-33; of the Ma- 
eon Railro.-td convention of 18.36 ; of the 
young men's convention of Baltimore in 
1840; and was pres. of several Ga. railroad 
and canal companies. Identifieil with the 
State-rights party ; a secessionist in 1861, and 
was 2 ycjirs commissioner of Ga in Europe. 

King, Thomas Stark, divine and author, 
b. New York, Di-c. 16, 1824; d. San Francis- 
co, Man-h 4, 1864. Son of Rev. Thomas F. 
King. His l)ovh<H}d was passed in Portsmouth, 
N.H., and Charlestown, .Ms. Young King 
was prepared for coll. ; but the decease of his 
father prevented his entrance, and he con- 
tinued nis education in the intervals from his 
duties as a school-teacher and a clerkship in 
the navy-yard. In Sept. 1846 he was onl. 
pa-stor of his father's pari«h in Cliarle-iown ; 
and in Dec. 1848 was insuillol over the ilollis- 
St. Church, which station he occupied until 
1860. In Apr. of that year, he sailol for San 
Francisco to takechnn.'e of the Unitarian Cong, 
in that city, where the briel remainder of his use- 
ful life was S|)ent. He had an exiendcil reputa- 
tion as a lecturer, having Ik'cu n".;ularly em- 
ployed in that capacity in 184.'>-18i'iO. Author 
of •' The White Hill's, their U-gends. Land- 
scapes, and Poetry," 4to, illustratetl, 18.59. In 
1850 he received the hon. degree of MA. 
frtim H.U. As a public speaker, he happily 
combined elegance with energy, and was ex- 
ceedingly popular. He was a man of rare 
genius, originality, and eliKjuencc. His exer- 
tions in behalf of the Union, and his dccid-d 
and uncompromising stand against the Ret>el- 
lion.had a )>owerful effect on popu'ar opinion in 
California. Hccontrib. many articles to the L'lii- 
vermlisl Qiiiirin!//, and was, liesiU-s. the author 
of numerous niliircssc.s. A vol. of bis writings, 
entitled " Patrioiisni and Other l'n(HTs,'' was 

fmh. 1865 ; also " A Tribute to Thomas .Stjrr 
vine," by his friend Richard Frothingham. 

King', WiiLiAM, col. U.S.A., b. Md : d. 

near M.il.ile. Jan. 1, 1826. A|ip. lieut. of inf. 
May 3, 1808; capt. 15th Inf. July 3. 1812; 
assist, to Insp.-Gcn. Smith, July 10. 1812; 
com. exped. from Black Hock to Canada 
shore (spiking the enemy's batteries, and cap- 
turing pri-oncrs) Nov. 28, 1812, in which h-! 
was wouiidetl and taken ; maj. March 3, 1?13 ; 
com. his rrgt. in capture of York, U C, Apr. 
27, 1813; assist, adj.gcn. Apr. 28, 1811; 
disting. and wounded in capture of Fort 



KIN 



513 



Knsr 



Georn;e, May 27, 181'?; com. U.S. troops in 
coiKTitwith N.Y. militia, iimlur Gen. Porter, in 
repulsini; nttacl; on Black Hock, July 11, 
181.3; adj. -pen. (rank of col.) Julv 18, 181.3; 
col. ,3d Kifles, Fel). 21, 1814; col. 4th Inf. 
Mav, 1815 ; militarvanil civil j.'0v. of Pen.sacola, 
May. 1818; iii>liarr.lc<lJnne, 1821.— Gan/iici: 

King, William, .statesman, bro. of Ru- 
fiis, b. Siail)oiou;,'li, Mc, Feb. 9, 1768; d. 
Bath, Me., June 17, 1852. In native mental en- 
d<twments he is thon'^ht to have been superior 
to his celebrated bro., and notbini; but the want 
of eiUieaiion prevented Irs atlaininj; the hi^'h- 
est honors. After residing a while in Topsbam, 
ah. 1800 lie removed to Bath. Member of 
the Ms. le^isl. for some years, he took a promi- 
nent part in drafting and enactiii;.' the Relij;ioiis 
Freedom Act, and was also the ori;;inator and 
lirincipal supporter of the Brttcrment Act. 
lie exerted his ])owcrfnl inHuence to effect 
the separation of Me. and Ms., which occurred 
in 1819; was pies, of the convention which 
framed the constitution of Me., and its tirst 
gov. 1820-1 ; U.S. commissioner for the ad- 
justment of Spanish claims 1821-4. He was 
gen. of militia, and collector of customs at 
Bath 1831-4. He was an eminent and success- 
ful merchant, ami a {.-enerous and intelligent 
patron of institutions of learning. 

King, William Kcfl'S, 13th vice-pres. of 
the U.S., b. Sampson Co , N.C., April 7, 
I78G; d. Cahawba, Ala., April 18, 1853. U. 
of N.C. 1803. He studied law, and was adra. 
to practice in 1806. In 1806-7 and 1809, he 
was a member of the Stale legist. ; M.C. 
1810-16; sec. of legation to Russia 1816-18; 
and, after his retnrn, removed to Ala., and be- 
came a cotton-planter. One of the conventi<m 
that formed the constitution of Ala. when it 
was adm. into the Union; U.S. senator 1819- 
45 and 1847-52; and in 1845-6 minister to 
France. In this po.st he succeeded in prevent- 
ing the joint protest of France and Eng. 
against the annexation of Texas to the U.S. 
He became vice-pres. in 1 852. Mr. King was 
a member of Congress nearly forty years ; 
officiating as pres. pro tern of the senate in the 
24th, 25th, 26lh, 31st. and 32d Congresses. 
He uniformly acted with the Dcmoc. jmrty, 
anci snpportpd Jackson for the presidency in 
1824, 1828, and 1832. 

Kingsborough, Right Hon. Edward 
Kixi;, viscount (1795-1837). ICIdcst son of 
the 3d call of Kingston. Educated at Oxford ; 
represented his native couniy (Cork) in the 
parliament of 1820-6; and snbscquently de- 
voted himself to his great work, •' The An- 
tiquities of Mexico," comprising facsimiles of 
ancient Mexican paintings and hierciglyphics, 
Loncl. imp. lol. vols. 1-7, 1831 ; vols. Sand 9, 
1848. The first 7 vols, of this magnificent 
work cost Lo;d K. £32,000. Thrown into 
prison for a debt which he considered unjust, 
he was there seized with typhus-fever, which 
soon ended fatally. He maintains in this 
work the thcorv of the colonization of Mexico 
by the Israelite's. —.^1//<V,/;,:. 

Kingsbury, Charlks P., brev. brig.-gen. 

U.S.A., b. N.Y. West Point, 1840. 2d lieut. 

ordnance 1840; 1st lient. 3 Mar. 1847; capt. 

iJulv, 1854 ; maj. 3 Mar. 1863; lieut.-col. 22 

33 



Dec. 1866; ret. July 1870 ; aide to Gen. Tavlor 
at Buena Vista, and brev. 23 Feb. 1847 ; col. 
and A.D.C. 28 Sept. 1861 ; served through 
the seven-days' battles before Richmond, and 
brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865. Author 
of-" Treatise on Artillery and Infantry," 
1849. Contrib. lo AiiiPr. Whig Rp.vU'W. ■'in'ulh. 
Q'lart. [ice, Putnam's Monthlij, and South. Lit, 
.]/. Ks-nfin: — Cllum. 

Kingsbury, Jacob, col. U.S.A., b. Nor- 
wich, Cl., 1755; d. Franklin, Ct., July 1, 
1837. He was in the U S. service 42 years, 
havinj; risen from the ranks (which lie joined 
at Roxbury in 1775) to be an officer in the 
Revol. army. He served in Wayne's Indian 
campaign. App. lieut. of inf Sept. 29, 1789 ; 
capt. Dec. 1791; maj. 2d Inf. Mav 15, 1797; 
lieut.-col. 1st Inf Apr. 11, 1803; col. 1st Inf. 
Aug. 18, 1808; insp..gen. (rank of col.) Apr. 
28, 1813; dish. June," 1815. His son Col. 
Tho.mas H. C, b. N. Orleans, Dec. 23, 1807, 
ciil. I lib Ct. Vols., killed at Antietam 17 
Sept. 18G2. 

Kingsley, Calvin, D.D., bishop M.E. 
Chuicli, b. Annesville, N.Y., Sept. 8, 1812; 
d. Bcirfit, Syria, 1870. Alleg. Coll. 1841. 
He entered the ministry of the M. E. Chnrcb, 
and was in 1842-4 prof of math, in Alleg. 
Coll.; app. in 1842 to Meadville Station. In 
1844 he was stationed in Erie, Pa. ; and, at the 
clo.se of his term as pastor, returned to Alleg. 
Coll., and remained for a number of years a 
iiienibcr of its faculty. In 1856 he was elected 
by the gen. eonf. eilitorof the Western Cliris- 
tian Adronite, Author of a work on " The 
Resurrc'ction c)f the Human Body." )).]). of 
Genesee Coll. 1853; elected bishop in 1864. 

Kingsley, James Luck, LL.D. (Mid. 
Coll. 1831), s,-holar, b. Windham, Ct., Aug. 

28. 1 778 ; d New Haven, Aug. 31, 18.52. Y.C. 
1799. Tutor 1801-5; librarian 180.5-24; 
prof of the Hebrew, Greek, and Litin lan- 
guages, and of eccl. hist. 180.5-51. Prof. 
Kingsley was bolh an accomplished scholar 
and a thorough instructor; a critic of the tii-st 
order ; and contrib. to thciV.^lHi'r. Reriew, t!ie 
Christian Spectator, the Xew-ICnqltinilir, the 
Am(r. Joitrnai of Sciences, the Bibliral Rt^/mxi- 
ton/, and other periodicals. Some of the most 
valuable articles which he published were illus- 
trative of historical subjects, amoni: which was 
an interesting discourse, and " Notes on the 
Hist, of New Haven," delivered Apr. 25, 1838. 
He pnb. in the Amer. Quar. Rey, a compen- 
dious Hist, of Yale Coll. 1835, and also the 
" Life of Pres. Stiles," for Sparks's " Amer. 
Biography," 2d ser., vol. 6. He also revised 
and pub. some of the standard Latin cla>sics, 
to which he appended notes. — See Commem- 
nraiiiK Discourse, bij Thomas A. Thacher, Oct. 
1852. 

Kingston, Robert, a British L'cn., d. 
1794. ICnsign Ilth Foot, Sept. 1756; capt. 
Apr. 1761 ; maj. Julv, 1768; lieut.-col. Auv. 

29, 1777 ; col. Nov. 1782; maj. gen. 1793. He 
acomp. Burgoyne's exped. as his adj. -gen. and 
military sec, in which capacity he arran^'cd the 
details of the surrender at Saratoga. Return- 
ing to Eng. in 1778, ho was examined before 
a committee of the house of commons relative 
to this expedition. 



514 



KIR 



Einnei Aahon, mini«lrr of Grolon, Ct., 
I>. I,i»l«iii. Ci.. 1745; J. T.ilina<lK<-,0.,Jiilv9, 
lNi4. Y.C. 1765. Or.1. Oct. 1770; (linin. 
1798. lie pub. a work on " The Soii^'liip of 
• lirist;" "A Display of Si-riptun: I'rophe- 
civs," 181.1; " Explirmiion of ibc T>pc9, 
I'rophivii-. Rcvdntioii," ic.,8vo, 1814; " An 
Em..i> oil tlio Now Ili'iircn nnd Earth," 1821. 

Kinney, ('<>atk». |>oel, b. on the wc<t 
bank of frix.knl l-ake, m-ar Penn Van. N.Y., 
Nov. 24, l;<L'6. Ul' obtiiincd a libcnil cduni- 
linn by his own cxfrtion:), teaching m-IiooI, 
editing', ami practising; law. In 1854 he pub. 
" Ket'uka, an American I^epjnd ; " nnd has 
cuntrib. to periodicals and journals. " Uain 
on till- IJiMif" is one of his bc-si-known pieces. 
— Pn,is ami Poflr,! uflhf W,tt. 

Kinney, ilBs. Kli7vuetii C, poet, dau. 

of Daviil I,. l)o<l!;c of N.Y., wife of VVilliam 
B. Kinney, former editor of ihc Newark Ihiily 
A'lciliurr, nnd U.S. ni^cnt at Turin. She has 
contrib. to the KnicXirlnrkrr, Graliniii's, ami 
other nia;;iL7.ines ; and in 1855 pub " Felicitn," 
a niciii -al romance. — .Wilionf. 

Kinnison, D.wid, the last of the party 
who destroyed the tea in Boston liarlior, b. 
Old Kin;;»ion, near Portsmouth, Me., Nov. 17, 
1736; d. Chica;,'o, Feb. 24, 1852, a. 115. Up 
to the tjevol. he was a farmer at I^ebanon, 
whence, with a few comrades, memU-rs of a 
political club, he went to Boston with the 
express purjiosc of destroyin;; the tea. lie 
was in active service diirini; the war, pariiripnt- 
ins in many tunics ; ami was n pri>oncr anions 
Ih ' Indian's a year and 7 months, and until 
peace w.is dcclund. After the war. he wn< n 
f.iiiner at Danville, Vt. ; then at Wells, .Me., 
where bo remained until the war of 1S12. Ik- 
was in service ilurin;; the whole of tliat war ; 
was in the battles of Snckctt's Ilarl«ir and 
Williamsburj;; and in the latter was b.idly 
woundnl in the hand by a crape-sbot. lie 
allcrwanls lived at Lyme, at Sackett's Harbor, 
N.Y., nnd went to Chicago in July, 1845. At 
Lyme, w hile (llling a tree, he was struck down 
by a limb, which fiactua'd his skull, broke bis 
co'lar-lione, nnd two of his ribs. While en- 
pa;;cd in discliar;;ing a cannon at a" training " 
at Sackcti's Harbor, l>oth legs were broken, and 
badly sharit-nd. lie was the father of 22 
children. Up to 1848 be had nlwavs made 
sotnetliin^' by his labor. lie learne(l lo read 
when pa^t CO. 

Kinsey, James. LL.D. (X.J. Coll. 1790), 
jurist : il. Itnrlingion, N. J., Jan. 4. 1 802, a. 69. 
Ill 1774— ■> h'.' was ,» delcpatc from N.J. to Con- 
gres.s. II.' was active in ihecauscof the Hevol., 
nnd was a nienilicr of the com. of corresp. for 
Burliii-io 1 Co. In Nov. 1789 he was app. 
e.'iief jasiiccof N.J. 

Kip, William IvoRAnAM. D. D. (Pol. 
Coll. 18»7), clcriivman and author, b New 
York. tKl. .3. 1811. Y.C. 18t1. His ances- 
tor llenry \\.\\n: came to New Amstcniain in 
16:15. ll'iiry's son .lacob owned the ground 
now oci-U|>icd by the Park. Five generation^ of 
the family were liorn at lli^' house at Kip's Bay, 
a portion of whom settled ut Rbinel»eck. After 
«;me study of the law, he entcn-il the (ien. 
Siin. of the Epis. Chnreh in NY., nnd w;u 
ocxl. deacon iu 1S3S. Keciur of St. Peter's, 



Alliany, fi^im 18.18 antil Oct. 28, \KA, when 
be was eonsec. mi-siomiry bi-hnp of Cnlfomia. 
Among his publiciitions are" The Ix-nteii Fan;" 
'Tbo Double Witness of the Chiin-b ; " - Rec-nn- 
tation, or the Confe»sM.ns of a Con vert lo Roman- 
ism;" " Early .lesuit Missionn in N A," 2 volt. 
1846; "Early Couflirt-s of CbrisiiHuiiy ; " and a 
scries suggcsu-il by a visit lo Italy in 1844-5, 
consisting of " Chri-tinas Holidays in Koine." 
"Domestic and Iteli^ious I,ife in Italy." and 
" The Catncomla of Rome." He lm« also 
been n frequenl contrib. lo |ierio<lii-als of hi* 
denominntimi. 

Kirby, I'Dlf^D, brig gen rols.b. Brown- 
ville, N. v.. 1840; d. Wasbinglon, DC, 2S 
May. 186.1. from "onivds n-ceivMl at ("li«ne<-l- 
lors'ville. West Point, Mav. I861. S<in of 
Col. Kdmiinil (ir'.>4-1849) Ky a dau. of (irn. 
Jacob Bniwn. ilis lalher .serrol with cli line- 
lion in lb'- wars with England (1812-15) nnd 
Mexico (I84G-8). MaiK- Hi lienl. (Rukcti's 
Battery) in May. 1 861 . be nssuinnl iIh- com. nn 
the eapiurc of Riikeits, and retained it till his 
death. He was netive in nil the Unties of the 
Anny of the Potomac, nnd was made bri-_'.-gcn. 
for bravery at Chaneellorsvillc. 

Kirbv, Col. Epiiraim, jnrisi. and patriot 
of the Revol.. b. Liichfield. Cl., Feb. 23. 1757; 
d. Fort Sto<Ulttnl, Mpi., Oct. 2. I8<i4. Pn->ont 
at the battle of Bunker's Hill ; remaiiiid iu 
active service uiilil indc|»enilenee was aehicvcil; 
was in 19 batths nnd skiniiishes; and iiveivcd 
1.3 wounds. 7 of wlii -b were mibrc-cuLs <,n the 
head, inflicted by a Biiiisb soldier at llerunn- 
town, where Kirby was left for dead U|>on the 
field. IViinik-ss at the close of the Revol , be 
by some means eonirivetl lo get so niurh of a 
classical education, that Yale Coll. in 1787 con- 
ferncl on him the degree <;f MA. lie then 
studied law; was adin. to the bar; and soon 
attained nn elevated |Hisirinn. In 1789. while 
engaged in practii-e in his native town, he 
pub. a vol. of Re|Hins of the Divisions of ihe 
Superior Court and Court of Error-, which 
was the first vol of Ri|H>rts pub. in Connecti- 
cut, and ]K'rhaps in tlie U.S. From 1791 10 
18(V4 be was a rcpn-seniative in the legisl. ; 
was in 1801 app. by Jeffer«oii 5U|K'rvisor of the 
revenue; and, after the aiipiisition of l.i.. w.is 
app. a judge of the newly-orcjnize^l lerritiiiv 
of Orleans. Ilis son. Slajor l!i;TNOLn .\(. 
Kinnr. a disting. ofRrer of the war ol 1812, d. 
Oct. 7, 1842, at Fort Sullivan, Me, a .52. 
Brev. eapi. for gsillutitry in sortie from Foit 
Eric. 

Kirk, Edward JCorri«. D D (Anb. 
Coll. |S55). Cong clergvinan, ti. New Y-rk, 
Aug. 14. 1802. N. J. Coli. 1820. After study- 
ing law eigbtirn months, ho eiitensil the Theo'. 
School at Primiloii, and, after four ve.'-c" 
sindy. wius app. ngciil of the iMianI of loiii.ii 
mission-. From 1 828 to 1 8.16 he wns pn-lor 
of a cbiireb ai .\lbany. He went lo En;;, in 
1817 ; but, having licen npp. sec. of Ihe Foreign 
Evnngelical Society, he returned in 18.19. 
June 1, 1842. he accepted a call lo In-come the 
pn-lor of a new Cong, church in Boston The 
edifice known as the Mount- Vernon ("hiin-h 
was coinulcted enrly in 1844; nnd ilicrc Dr. 
Kirk still continues to preach. In 1S46 lie 
visited Europe again; and in 1856 he went 



Kin 



615 



KIR 



nbroad a thinl time, at tlie request of the 
Aineriian aiut Foreign Christian Union, to 
inaii^'nrate a regular system of relijjious wor- 
ship lor American Protestants in France. He 
iecunj tliere the erection of the American 
jhapcl, anil, after a hastv visit to Palestine, 
returned home. Dr. Kirk has pub. 2 or 3 vols. 
Df sermons, "Lectures on Christ's Parables," 
[ranslation of Gausscn on Inspiration, and of 
Attic's Lectures on the Lit. of the Times of 
Louis XIV. lie has pub. more than 30occas. 
iernions and addresses. — Sck Amn: Pulpit, 
y. Y. I8.i6, ii. 48; Suppt. Calnl. Bout. Pub. 

Kirk, EnwAiiD N., hri;:.-scn. U. S. vols., 
J. Oliio ; d Jan. 1863, of wounds received at 
Stone Uiver. He went to Slirlin-_', Whiteside 
Co., III., where, in the fall of 1861, he raised 
he .'Mth III. Vols., which he com. At Shiloh, 
ind at the siege of Corinth, he acted as lirig.- 
,'en., and at the battle of Stone Uiver com. a 
jrigade in Johnson's division of McCook's 
;orps. 

Kirk, John Foster, hist, writer, b. (of 
En^li^h parents) at Frederiekton, N.B., ab. 
[%-l(i; was educated in Nova Scotia; came to 
he U.S. in 18+-' ; and, during the last 1 1 years 
)f \Vm. H. Preseott's life, actcil as his secretary. 
Besides hist, articles conirib. to reviews, he has 
..ub. " A History of Charles the Bold, Duke 
)l Hur-unily," 3 vols. 8vo, 186.3-7. 

Kirkland, C.vrolise M.\tii,da (Stass- 

3CRV), authoress, b. X. Y. City, Jan. 1801 ; 
1. there Apr. 6, 1864. After the deaih of her 
ather, who was a bookseller and publisher, 
he family removed to Geneva, N. Y., where she 
n. Prof. Wm. Kirkland of Ham. Coll., who 
iub-eiiuently established a sein. in Goshen on 
5eneea Lake. He >vas the author of a series 
)f " Letters from Abroad," written aficr a res- 
ilence in Europe, and of numerous contribs. 
o the periodical press. In 1846 (the year of 
lis death) he commenced, with Rev. H. \V. Bel- 
ows, the Clirislitiii Inquirer, a weekly Unitarian 
journal. In 18-3^ they emig. to .Mich., whence 
hey removed in 184.3 to N.Y. She pub. "A 
S'ew Home, Who'll I'ollow?" by Marv Clavers, 
839; "Forest-Life," 1842; and in 1846 pub. 
' Western Clearings." Upon settling in N.Y. 
ihe undertook the education of a number of 
oung ladies; and in 1847 resumed her pen, 
ind edited the Union Marj. 18 months. She 
■isited Europe in 1848; and on her return pub. 
' Holidays Aliroail," 1849 ; " The Evening 
Book, or Fireside Talk on Morals and Maimers, 
vith Sketches of Western Life," 18.^)2; "A 
13i)ok for the Home-Circle," 1853 ; " Personal 
Hcmoirs of George Washington," 18.57; and 
•ontrib. the letter-press to " The Book of Home 
Scanty." She has also pub. " An Essay on the 
Life a id Writings of Spenser," prefixed to the 
irst book of the " Faerio Queen," 1846 ; and 
' Patriotic Elorpicnce," selections compiled 
or schools. Her latest work was a choice 
ielection of poetic extracts, — "The School- 
jirl's Garland," in two series. She was a very 
luccesstul teacher, and a charming conversa- 
iionalist. 

Kirkland, Joiiv Thornton-, D.D. (N.J. 
:"oll. 110J), LL I). (B.U. 181(1), b. Little Falls, 
S'.Y., Aug. 17, 1770 ; d. Boston, Apr. 26, 1840. 



H.U. 1789. Son of the missionary Samuel 
Kirkland. Ord. pastor of the church in .Sum- 
mer St., Boston, Feb. 5, 1794 ; and from Nov. 
14, 1810, to 1828, was pres. of H.U. His lit- 
erary productions were widely disseminated 
through the periodical iiress. His "Biography 
of Fi.^her Ames " ranks as an Amer. classic. 
He pub. a Eulogy on Washington, Dec, 29, 
1799, several occasional sermons, and biograph- 
ical notices of Dr. Belkna|>, Gen. Lincoln, and 
Prof. W. D. Peck. Averse to literary effort, 
he left nothing which can give an adequate im- 
pression of his extraordinary abilities. — .bee 
Life III/ Palfrei/, and Obit. Discourses bi/ F. Park- 
man ami A . y'oumj, 

Kirkland, Samdel, missionary to the In- 
dians, b. Norwich, Ct., Dec. 1, 1744 ; d. Clin- 
ton, Oneida Co., N.Y., Feb. 28, 1808; N.J. 
Coll. 176.5. Son of Bev. Daniel Kirklan-l of 
Norwich, and was educated atlhe school of Bev. 
E. Wlioelock, where he learned the Mohawk 
language; and he also acquired that of the Sen- 
ecas bv a sojourn among them from Nov. 
1764 to -May, 1766. Old. at Lebanon, June 19, 
1766. He removed to Ct. ab. 1772, and after- 
wards lived a while at Stockbridge. Alter the 
l)attle of Lexington, the Prov. Congress of 
Ms. requested him to use his influence to se- 
cure either the friendship or neutrality of the 
Six Nations. He succeeded in attaching to the 
patriot cause the Oneidas, with whom he con- 
tinued his religious labors throughout the war, 
when the other tribes, through the influence of 
Brant and the Johnsons, had taken the oppo- 
site side. He officiated as chaplain to the 
Amer. forces in his vicinity, and .accump. Sul- 
livan's expcd. in 1779. He was the founder 
of Ham. Coll., its parent, the Ham. Oneida 
Acad., having been incorporated through his 
influence in 1793, at Wliitestown, N.Y. In 
1789 govt, granted him a tract of land 2 miles 
square, in the present town of Kirkland, whith- 
er he removed. Rev. S. K. Lothrop of IJostnii, 
a grandson, has pub. a Memoir of Kirklaiul in 
Sparks's " Amer. Biog." 

Kirkpatrick, Andrew, jurist, b. Mine 
Brook, N.J., Feb. 17, 1756; d. N. Brunswick, 
N. J., Jan. 7, 1831. N. J. Coll. 1775 David 
his lather, a Scotch Presbyterian, came to 
N.J. in 1736. Andrew began the study of 
theology, but soon turned to the law, which he 
studied in the office of Judge Patterson. Adni. 
to the bar in 1785, he practised with distinction 
at Morristown, and afterward arN. Brunswick ; 
was a member of the Assembly in 1797 ; was 
made a judge of the Supreme Court, Jan. 17, 
1797; and was chief justice in 180.3-24. His 
decisions are in Pennington's, Southard's, 
and the first 3 vols, of Halsted's Reijoris. II.- 
m. in 1792 Jane, dau. of Col. John Bavard. — 
Mem. bii ./. G. Wihon. 

Kirkwood, Rohert, maj. Rcvol. army, 
h. near Newark. Del. ; killed Nov. 4, 1791, iit 
the battle of .Miami. Receiving a classical ed- 
ucation at the Newark Acad., he subsequently 
engaged in farming, but in Jan. 1776 entered 
Hazlet's r-gt. as a lieiit.; participated in the 
disaster of Limg Island, and in the victories of 
Trenton and Princeton. Early in 1777 he was 
mnile a capt., and was concerned in all the im- 
portant battles of tliu tlirec tbilowing cam- 



KI3 



•>ir. 



pai.-ns. In 1790 iliis rc;rt- nei-omp. Gales to 
iIk' Soiilh, uikI at Cniniiin it siiIIVti'iI scvorely. 
The remimiitof ii, iimler Kirk»-.>o<l nml Jiic<|ih'I, 
n-ai attnclicil as licht iiil. to Lee's Ut;ion ; iirij 
at the l'ow|ieni, Giiiltunl, Kiiiiiw, hiiiI other 
phiecs. Kirk wood exhihIteU his usiiiil ciillanin', 
and at the close of the war wiis brev. n iniij. 
He afterwards cmi^'. to Ohio, and settled near- 
ly oppo^ite Wheelin;;. 

Kissam, Khiiabd S., a distin;;. siirj^'on, 
b. N.Y. I'iiy. ITe.t; d. there Oct. 1822. Son 
ol Ueiijiiniiri, an eminent lawyer. Keceivcd a 
);raniniiir-sehool e<liiciiiion at lleinjisieinl, LI. 
Sindicd medicine nnder Dr. Melvni:.'hf, and 
grnU. at the U. of Edinhur^h, where he re- 
mained 5 years. I In receiving his iloeiorate in 
1 789 he pub. an inau;;. ili<scriaiion " /> lllu iiuia- 
lismo." Artervisiiin<;theConlinenl,he retiinied 
to N.Y. ; in 1791 eoninienced pr.i<'ii<'C, and for 
30 years wjis at the head of his pp>fe^silln. 
As a liiholomijt he wn> pariiciilarly celebrated, 
only 3 ont of 6'> of his operations proviii;; fatal. 
He declined the chair of liolany of Col. Coll. 
in 1792. For 30 years he was a sur<feon of the 
N.Y. H....piial._'/7,a'/i'r. 

Kittredge, Tiiom.vs, M.D. (H.U. isii), 

«n ciniih 111 siiijieon, I). An.lover, .July, 1746; 
d. there Oct. 18IS. IIU father and bros. were 
disiin;;. snrjreons. After receiving insiriic- 
tion from Alasier Moody at ByKeld Acad., he 
etudicd med. with Or. Sawyer ot Ncwhnryport ; 
began to practise in Andover in 17GS ; and. Iie- 
ing in 1775 app. surgeon lo the regt. of Col. 
James Krye, was present at the battle of Bun- 
ker's llili Dr. K. had an extensive practice; 
was an early niemlier of the Ms. Med. Soc. ; 
and was in the Icuisl. several years, and in the 
council in 1810-1 1. — Tliaclier. 

Enapp, Ci)l.. '^VM^.■EL LoitENZO, LL.D., 

anther, h. New .iin purl, JIs., Jan. 19. 1783; 
d llopkinton, -Ms., July 8, 1838. Uarlm. Coll. 
18114. He was n lawyer by profes.sion. Was a 
member of the Siaie legisl. ; com. n regl. of 
Slate militia during the war of 1 81 2 ; became ed- 
itor of the Barton (invite in 1824, also llie Uos- 
ton Mnnthhi .l/iK/oriiif, and from 1826 lo 1828 
the Nulioitiil RrpMinin ; and in 1 827 he resumed 
the practice of law in N.Y. His " Biographical 
Memoir of ArchbisliopChevcrus" is an elegant 
performance. His " Lives of Eminent Lawyers 
SlatcsuKn.and .Men of Letters," 1821, is a mod- 
el of that species of com|X)-ilion. He also pub. 
" Lccinres on American Literature," 1829; 
" The Bachelors and other Tales ; " " Advice in 
the Pursuits of Lileralurc ; " Lives of Aaron 
r.nir, Andrew Jackson. Lord Timothy Dexier, 
U.iniel Websier, and Thomas Ed'ty ; "Trav- 
els ..I Ali Bey in Bn-lon and Vicinity," 1813 ; 
'• The Oeniiis of Free Masonry, or a IJefenee 
of the Order;" " I'em.ile Biograpliv," 1846 ; 
•• .Sketches of Public lharaclcrs," 1 8'.'10, nnder 
the pseiidnnymc ol Ignatius l.,oyiila Uobinson ; 
ami " American Biot-niphy," 1833. He ed- 
ited Hinfon's U.S., and " The Library of Use- 
ful Knowleilge." He was also the nuihur of a 
variety nf occasional public addresses. 

Kneeland, .\iinkr, pn'acher and author, 
b 1774: <1 Saluhria, Ind., 27 Aug. 1844. 
\Vliile a minister in Vt., he cdiled " Mrs. John- 
mn's Capiiviiy," 1814; afterward pub. a 
translation uf ihe New Test, from the Greek, 



1823 ; "The D.isi." 2 voli. 12mo, 1822 ; " Leo 
lures on the Doctrine of Universal Salvation, " 
I2II10, 1824; " Heview of the Evidences of 
Chrislianilv,"a si-rics uf leclun-sdcl. in N.Y. in 
Aug. 1829.' K.liiur in 1828 ol the OUn iJrnnrh 
and Clirisl. ftu/iiinr, N. Y., Vol i.; and of the 
Phila. Univrmiliil't Mm), will l.'liri'tt. Mnufinjer, 
2 voU. 1821-3; establishetl the /nrrs("/<i/a- as 
an organ of free inquiry, al Boston, in l8.'J2. 
He also pub. a s|«'eli in his own defence lic- 
forc the Sup. Court ai Boston, for ihc alleged 
crime of bl..spheiny, 8 Mar. 1836. 

Kneeland, Samiei., printer and booksell- 
er of Uij-Iini, b. ilicre 1096; d. 14 Dec. 1769. 
Apprenticed lo B. Green. He piih. the Gii- 
lelte 1727-41, Ihe .V. A". 11%././^ .lonniul (rum 
Oct. 1741 to 1752, Cu»/..ii li.izrtU 1753-4. 
lie was a long time primer lo ihe gov and 
council ; printcil ihc law-s and journals of ihe 
house some years ; and pub. many n'bgiuus 
l>ooks anil |Ki)il. pamphlets. 

Kneeland, 8ahl-i:l, M.D., nauiralisi, b. 
Bosioii. 1 Aug. 1821. H.U. 184U; ILirv. 
Med. Schinil 184.3. Afterward eludiol mud. 2 
years in I'aris, anil. pracii"^d in Boston in 
1845-50, gainine in ihc mean lime two Boyls- 
Ion prizes; sening as demonslralor of anato- 
my m H. U. for 2 years ; contributing lo the 
.-liner, ^our. rf Mnl. Sci. and Boston Mnl. and 
Hart), .lour. ; translating Audry's " Dis*'ases 
of the Heart;" ami serving 2 years in the Bos- 
ton Disiiensary ; five years see. of the Boston 
Nat. Hi.st. Soc; 2 years sec. Amer. Acad, of 
Arts and Sciences ; passeil some lime in Bra- 
zil, and in Lake Sup. cupper-region ; surrion 
in the Burnsidc e.xped. in 1862; surgeon U.S. 
Vols. Scpi. 186't-6, serving in New Oriiaiis 
and Mobile; and, since Aug. 18C6. sec. .Ms. 
Inst, of Technology, and also prof of i">olo;:y 
and physinl. in that instiluiion ; ami has receiii- 
ly exploivd Cal., Upper Mpi., and Coh>rado, 
publishing ihc results in (ionl lleallh, Bost. 
1870-1. Dr. K. coniriliiiied niorc than 8iJ0 
articles on zoology, pSysiol., &c., lo ihe New 
Amer. Cyclop. ; ami has alsd conirib. to the 
Proceedings of the Bust. Soc. of Nat. Hist., 
and other similar pubs. ; editing, with intrud.. 
Smith's " Hist, of ihe Human S|H-cies," 1851. 
Edited for 3 ycurs the Annual of.'idriilitic l>i»- 
roivri) (I8G6-9), and " Charts of Ihe Animal 
Kingdom." puli. by S R. Urbino, Bost n; and 
cunirib. to the " .s icnce and Mcihanism, or 
Illusi. Cat. of the N. Y. Exhib," 1854. 

Knight, Hiixiir Cugswei.l, poei. b. New- 
bnriiKirt ah. 1788; d. 1835. Brown U. 1812. 
He iK'i'iinie pastor of an Epis. churcli, and 

r)ub. 2 viilnmes of sermons. His poems, which 
lave been rvprinu-d, are" The (■vjiriad.' poem 
in two chants, 1 809 ; " The Tniphics ..f lx»vc ; " 
•The Broken Harp," Phila. 1815. His col- 
li'Cled wurks appearx'd in Boston in 2 vols., 
1821. His bro. FiitDKHic Kmgiit (b. 1791, 
d. Hum ley, Nov. 20, 1 84») exercisetl_ ihe same 
profession. Most of his |iociical pii-ces orv cun- 
taini'd in " Thorn Cottage, or ihe Pint's Home," 
Boston, 1855. He resided at Kowley with 
his grandfather Dr. Cogswell, an estimable 
physician. 

^ight, .loNATHAX, M.D. (1818), prof, of 
surgery in Yalo Med. Coll. 1818-64, b. Nor 
walk, Ct.,4 Sept. 1789 ; d. N. Haven, 25 Aug 



517 



KJSfO 



ISfil. Y.C.I SOS. Son of Jonathan, surgeon 
in the Rcvol. iirniy. He attended the U. of 
Pa. in 1811-13; was a pupil of Dr. Rush; and 
was liicnsid to jiraetiso by the Cl. Med. Soc. 
in Au<;. 1811. Prof, of anat. and pliysiol. in 
Yale Med. .School 18i;i-.38. Asa lecturer on 
hurjrery he had no superior in the country. 
Chosen pres. of the Ainer. Med. Assoc. 1853 ; 
inHucntial in establishing in 1862 the U. S. 
Milit. Hospital at N. Haven. — Y. C. Ob. 
lluord. 

Knight, Nkuemiah R., hov. of R.I. 1817- 
21, b. Cran.Mon. 11. 1., Dec. 31, 1780; d. Prov- 
idence, April I'.i, 18.54. His father Kehenii- 
ah a farmer and poliiici.m (M. C. 1803-8), d. 
13 jniic, I8II8, a C2 At the age of 22 the 
►on represented his native town in the Assem- 
bly; removed to Providejice; and in 1805 be- 
came clerk of the C.C.P. ; from 1812 to 1817 
he was clerk of the Circuit Court; and U.S. 
senator 1821-41. Mr. Kniglit belonged to the 
Deinoe. party, but was moderate and conciliat- 
ing ill bis course. While gov. he lecommcnd- 
ed the establishment of free schools throughout 
the State. He was for a-few years coll. of the 
revenue at Providence, under the adminis- 
tration of Madison; was a member in 1843 
01 tlio Slate Const. Conv. ; and for a long time 
pres of the Roger Williams Bank. 

Enight, S.iRAH, wife of Riihard Knight 
of Boston, Ms., and dau. of Thomas Kemblc, 
b. Boston, Apr. 19, 1666; d. Xorwieii, Cl., 
Sept. 25, 1727. Her "Journal of a Horseback 
Journey from Boston to New York, and Re- 
tuin " (in 1704), was edited by Theodore 
Uwight, Jan., and pub. in 1825 at N.Y., in a 
vol. wiib a journal of Rev. Mr. Buckingliam : 
it has been reprinted three times ; namely, at 
Bostiiu in a newspapei;, and " The Liv ing Age " 
in 1S53, and at Albany, 1865, in a volume. 
Madam Knight was a shopkeeper in Boston 
and Norwich, and also taught a school, having 
among her scholars Dr. Franklin and Dr. 
oamucl Mather. She was buried at New Lon- 
don, Ct., where her only child Elizabeth, the 
wile of Col. John Livingston, resided. 

Knollys, Rev. H.\sserd, b. Cawkwell, 
Png., 1598; d. Lond. Sept. 19, 1691. Camb. 
V. Ord. 29 June, 1629; preached in Hum- 
bcrsione and other places ; ab. 1636 renounced 
Episcopacy, and joined the Puritans ; and, to 
escape |iersccution, came to Boston in 1638, 
and in Dec. org. the first church at Dover, 
N.H., which be left in 1641 ; preached a short 
lime at L.I., and returned to Eng. ; arr. in 
Lond. 24 Dec. 1641. He formed a Baptist 
church in Lond., of which he was many years 
pastor. For bis abuse of the Ms. govt., he 
made a confession in Boston, He pub. " Rudi- 
ments of Hebrew Grammar," 1648 ; " Flaming 
Fire in Zion," I>ond. 4to, 1646; Life by him- 
self to 1672, continued bv \Vm. Kiffin, 1692, 
8vo. 12mo, 1813. Jt Bapt. Soc, the " U:in- 
serd Knollys Soc," was org. in Eng. in 1845 
for repub. earlv Bapt. works. — A. II. Quint, 
i„ r„„,, Q;,i,l,'rl,i. Jan. 1871. 

Knowles, J-vmes Davis, clergyman and 
cdac.itor, b. Providence, R L, in July, 1798 ; d. 
Newton, May 9, 1838. Col. Coll., D.C., 1824. 
His father died when he was 12 years of age; 
and he was booa after placed in the printing- 



office of the Providence Gazelle. Here his lit- 
erary abilities became known ; and measures 
were taken to furnish him with a classical edu- 
cation. Immediately on becoming of age, he 
became co-editor, with Prof Goddard, of the 
R. I. American. Here he pursued his studies, 
and indulged his literary tastes, occasionally 
nmusiug his leisure-hours with writing poetry. 
While a tutor in coll. he edited a weekly re- 
ligious newspaper called the Columbian Star. 
Having studied theology, in Oct. 1825 he was 
ord. pastor of the Second Baptist Church, Bos- 
ton, where he renuiined until the autumn of 
1832, when he became prof, of pastoral duties 
and sacred rhetoric in the Thcol. Inst, at New- 
ton. He pub. Memoirs of Mrs. Judson, and 
also of Roger Williams, 1834; and conducted 
the f'lnistian Rn-iew. 

Knowles, John, minister of Watertown, 
Ms. ; d. Lund., Eng., Apr. 10, 1685, a. ab. 85. 
Edneaied at JIagdalen Hall, Cambridge, and 
made fcUow of Catharine Hall 1627. Came to 
N. E. in 1638. Ord. colleague with Geo. Phil- 
lips Dec. 9, 1640 ; and was a missionary in Va. 
early in 1643, but was driven out for non-con- 
formity to the Church of Eiig. Returning to 
Eng. in 1659, he preached in the cathedral of 
Bristol ; was silenced in 1662 ; and preached, at 
the hazard of imprisonment, in Lond., where 
he was useful during the plague in 1665. — 
Calanaf. 

Knowlton, Miner, soldier and author, b. 
Ct. 1S04; d. Burlington, N. J., 25 Dec. 1370. 
West Point, 1829. Entering 1st U.S. Art., he 
became 1st lieut. 23 July, 1835 ; capt. 21 Apr. 
1846; retired 26 Oct. 1*861. Assist, prof, of 
math, at West Point 1830-31 and 1832-3 ; as- 
sist, teacher of Freneh 1833-7; instr. ofart. and 
cav. 1837—14. One of the compilers of " Iii- 
struclion for Field Artillery," adopted 6 Mar. 
1845 for the U.S.A. Aide-de-camp to Marshal 
Biigeaud in Algeria in 1845; and on the Rio 
Grande in the Mexican war, 1846. Autl.or of 
" Notes on Gunpowder, Cannon, and Projec- 
tiles," 1840; "Instr. and Itcguls. for Militia 
anil Vols, of U. S.," 1861. Pres. com. coun- 
cil. Builington, N.J., 1857. — CuUum. 

Knowlton, Coi,. Thomas, Revol. officer, 
b. W. Bo.xiord, Ms., Nov. 30, 1740 ; d. Sept. 
16, 1776. Third son of William, who early in 
life emigrated to Ashford, Ct. He served six 
campaigns- in the war ending in the conquest 
of Canaila, and assisted in the reduction of 
Havana in 1762. He then became a farmer ; 
and, appearing as a vol. in the Ashford militia 
company upon the Lexington alarm, was unan- 
imously elected capt. Gen. Putnam selected him 
10 com. the laligne-party which accomp. Col. 
Prcscott to Bunker's Hiil. He eomineneed the 
construction of the rail-fence protection, and 
fought there with admirable bravery and con- 
duct until the retreat. Promoted soon after to 
a majority, he made, Jan. 8, 1776, a daring and 
successfui incursion into Cbarle-town ; com. a 
rcgt. of liyht inf , which formed the van of the 
army at N. Y. in 1776 ; coinmis'd. lieut.-col. of 
a regt. of rangers selected from the Ct. troops ; 
and was the confidant of Washington in the en- 
terprise of Nathan Hale. At the battle of Har- 
lem Heights, while exhibiting his usual intre- 
pidity, he fell. Washington, in the GcneraJ 



ItNO 



518 



IvOII 



Onlcrs, iftcr alluiliiiK to his Kol'mxry urn) 
bruviTv, Niiil he " wuiitil hnve been uii Iioiiur 
lo iiiiy i-ounirj'." 

KboX, Gkn. IIkmiy, b. Uusion. July 25, 
ITjO; <1. TliiiiiiiiMiiii, Ml'., lU't 2:>, I8U6.' Of 
.Siilch iiMil Iri-h I'rt^l.. »toik His lalliir, who 
d. when ho »iis very yoiiii;,', eiinie t>ora the 1»- 
lanil ui Si. Kiisiaiiii-. lie |iO!u<e'>M'cl u ruliu»l 
mill Mlhlelic IVanie, iiiiil ml enierprihin:: iiiiil res- 
olnto chiinu'tvr. In a Nh<»iiiii;;4r\eiir>iuii n|Kia 
Ihe i^lllll<ls, he huil ihe iniAlurlunc tu niiiiilaie 
one <>r his haii<U. II>' Imil a cuinuiun-schuul eii- 
ueuliun ; beramvu ihrivin;; iHiokselK-r; and m. 
Lucv, dun. uf Sec Kluckcr, — ii laily, who, af- 
ler the livvul., became a prineipiil ornanieni 
of the Krsi sucial circle in America. Meiiilicr 
of an artillery cumpaiiy, and an officer uf the 
cily );reiia<licr corps, he availed hini!>clf uf 
every opjiortiinity lu mudy his favorite ^cie^l'C. 
He WHS active us n vol. aide to Gen. Ward at 
the Diiiiker's Hill battle, and »oon attracted the 
notice uf Washinutun bv his nkill as an en- 
gineer and nclilleri.st. In Nov. k7'5 he was 
placed in coin, of the artillery, and was sent to 
piMcure cannon and ordiiaiice-f.ton's from iho 
lort-s on tlio Caniidian frontier. Early in 1776 
ho returned, bavin); snci-cssrully overcome tho 
diUiciiltieK in hid way, with a luni; train uf 
sUHl^fes drawn hy oxen, licaring more tliaii SO 
cannon, mortars, and howitzers, — art ides };rvat- 
ly needed lor the »ie;:e of Boston. Made hri;;.- 
gcn. Dec. 27, 1776, he coin, the art. of the in.iin 
army ilurin;; the whole war. Jan. 2, 1777, his 
wclUlircctcd tiiM repulsed Cornwallis's rvjicated 
attempts to cro-is the Assumpiiik. He shared 
in the brilliant action at I'rincclon, and se- 
lected the position of the winter encampment 
on tho bi(;h |j;r»uiiils near Morristown. The 
failiiiv at (iernianiown was partly due to hij 
too ri„ld adherence to the military imi.\iiu, never 
to leave an enemy's fort in the rear, cuusiii); 
tlio pursuit to be ahaiidoned at Chew's t-arri- 
»oniM house. After the fall of Fort MilHin, 
Nov. 15, 1777, he was, with I)e Kalb ai,d .St. 
Clair, sent to provide (or the secuiity of Ucd 
Bank. He was pruminentty ci>;.'a)^-d in ihe 
buttleof Munmoiitb, Juno 28, 1778. Kno.x sat 
in the couri-inanial for the trial ot Audr^. Ho 
conirib. tircatly to the siiccessfiil result at Vork- 
town ; was made miij.-(;cn. M.nvh 22, I7S2; 
was one of the coniiiiissioner>i to arrun;;e the 
e\clian!;c of prisoners ; was ellicieiit in allay- 
in:; the di.seoiitent of the army ; wa-. in coin, at 
^^est Point after ihe close ol hostilities; and 
arrani:ed the surri'nder of New Voik with Sir 
Guy Carlcton. Kiio.\ liisi suc^.'Csicd the Suci- 
eiv of the Cinciumiii, and was its «ec.-p;n. while 
\\ iisliinirton wa* its |ns. He was si-c. of war 
(pcrloi niin^ulso the •liilies ol »cc. of the navy) 
Mar. 1785 to Dec. 1795; and subst-quenily rt>- 
moveil to 'riioinaston, Mc.. where he bad a 
larj^e estate, and exercisid a ina;;iiiflcenl liot- 
iiitality. He was fr>i|uenlly a nieinbcr of the 
hoiis<- of re)>resentative^ and of the council of 
ttatr. Ilis death was oicasioned by having 
»nal1i>wtil the bone of a i hicken. 

Knox, JuiiN. cHplaiii in ihe lirilish armv ; 
scrvid ill N. Amer. ; h. Kdinbiir::li : d. Dal- 
kcilli. 1790. I'nh. an "Historical Journal of 
the ('iiiii|Hii|;ns in N. Amer. in 1757-60," 2 
Vols. 4to, London, 1769. 



EllOX, William, a Biiii>h politician and 
author, b. Irelainl, 17.^2; d. Great Kalin^:, Au|r, 
25, 18IU. App. by Ilulilax uueuf his Majesty's 
council, and provosi-marshal of Ga. in 1756, 
he aecuinp Gov. Kills to that Colony. He re- 
turned tu KiiK in 1761 ; and, after the |icace, 
drvw up a |iaper fur the Karl of Bute, recom- 
niendin:; the creation of a colonial aristocracy, 
an<l civin;; the ('olonies representation in tho 
Briiish parliament. He was soon alter app. 
aj,'cnt for Georpa and Knst Florida. In I7CS 
he pub. two piunphlets in defence of the .Slump 
Act. one eniille<l " A Ix'tter to a MeinUr of 
Parliament ; " the other, " The Claims of tho 
Colonies lo an Kxemplion from Internal Tax- 
es," &c. Ilis scrvin's as a|;eni uf that Colony 
Were, in conse<|ueiice, dis|ien>cd with. He pub. 
ill 1768 his principal political work, "The I'a-s- 
ent St.itu of the Nalioii," answered by Burke, 
who war in turn replied to bv Knox in 1769. 
Ho pub ut the same time " 'I he Controversy 
between Great Britain and her Colonics re- 
newed," &c. As a reward for bis cflurts in sup- 
port ol Briiish supremacy, he was app. in 1770 
juiiii uiider-swretary ol stale with Puwnall. 
In 1 774 he pub. a painjiblet in defence of the 
" Quebic Act ; " and soon after drew up • 
" Prujirt of a PcrmaiKnt Union and Scitlc- 
menl with the Colonies, " which seems in have 
served as a basis for Lord North's concilinlnry 
pro|>osition of 1776. He conlinuetl undcrsec. 
till 1782, when the office whs suppres.sed. Uo 
was still consiillcsl with rrt.'ard lo the remain- 
in;; Colonics and their trade ; and drew up an 
order in council, July, 178.1, utterly e.xcludiii); 
Amer. shippini; from Ihe West Indies. Ho 
subiniited the plan for er\-cliiip:the Provinci'of 
New Brunswick, in 1784. lor the acconiiiioda- 
lion of the loyalists fmni the No tlurii .States, 
lie was an OKcnt fur prosecuiiui; the claims of 
the Ga. loyalists lor coin eiisailon for losses ; 
and had a pension of £uOO settled on himself, 
and a like sum for bis wife, as Amer. sufTerers. 
In 1789 be pi<b. the valuable "Extra-official 
State Pa|>crs." He pui>. several other hooks. 
— (f Cilln-ilutn. 

Knypbausen (knip'-how'-ien), BaHu.i 
Wiii.iAM Von, licut.-;;en., 2d in com. of the 
Hessian lrou)>s in the British serviie in the 
Kevol. war; b. Alsace, 17;10; d. Berlin, Prus- 
sia, May 2, 1789. Ucmaikablu for laciiuruiiy 
and re.-crve, and an excellent offii'er. His fa- 
ther was col of a (ierinan re;;t. in the service of 
the Dukeof Mar.lH>roiit.'li. I'licKcn. commenced 
his military career in the service of the father of 
Frederick the Great. He subsequently nrvol 
ill the wars waged by the latter ag.iinst Austria. 
He arrived in America in June, 1776, and was 
eni,M;;ed in the battle of Ixinc Island in .Vu;:. 
foKoniii;;; also present at While Plains ; aided 
in the capture of Fort Washin;;lon in Nov. 
1776 ; in the battles uf Bmndywine and .Mon- 
mouih ; com. an cx|Kd. <o SpriiiKiield, N J. ; 
anil in the nl>scni-e of Sir II i'linion in June, 
1780. was in coin, ut the cily of New York. 

Kohl (kiM), Dh. John Glorge. traveller, 
author, and cartoirraplier, b. Bremen, 28 Apr. 
1808 ; d. there 6 June. 1871. Educated to the 
law at Goitini;vn, Heidclber);, and Munich. 
Alterward a private tutor in Courland, and 
traveller in Kussia. In 183S he settled in 



519 



KRiV 



Drc-vkn; then .ravelled over Europe and puh 

ilm rc^ulis ill a ser e-i ot volumes. U ISo* » 

c ■ mm ad for the U.S. Gov,, a senes o. va - 

allle maps of Aiucriea. and trave Hoc over U . 

.oiiiiirv Amonu' some 20 of Ins |.ub». aic 

- • VeU in Catiida,-. 1855 ; " T^^- -* •" 'J;" 

IIS " 18-.; • "Kitahi Gania, or liiles Ironi 

Lake Superior." 18C0; " Hi.-iovy ot the Iwo 

Oldest cCti of the New Wor.d," made in 

S in 1S61; "Gco^'raphieal Hist, ot Amen- 

■ fXllo •' Descript. Catalogue of_ MapS 

C.'iaris, and Surveys relat. to Amer .n Uak- 

livt vol. iii.," IS.'iT. H'S valuable Hist, ot 

hi i)i«^overV of the East Coast o. NA. was 

T,«l. in the Mo. Uist. Colls., 2d scr. noI. i 

?8C9. lie had lecture.l ^elorc "jan:^ -n.^ 

' • ,; V translation ot his ni»ioij ui 

'urOi^ovirv of Amenea" was published in 

'^'li;^^,KKLBU.cK,a,,lulantlu.,>ienKr- 
,.1,^7 b hhcda i;i SVcsiphalia, Manh 30, 
1 57- d I'li'. May 26. .829. He came to 
Phi a n I "^O, and^nj-'aged in business m 
^UllHe^ton, ^^,!^:i;i^t^^^^ 

{;:;::;;.^r^:iiiS,^<;fM°-".'«^v--: 

rhan two-thirds of it to objects ol chanty. He 
^re SlOOmO each to the Theol. S-^"'-.° j'/« 
Epis. Church, and to the House of R«^'!f^ "^ 
r . SOO.OOO to ihe Orphan Society of Phila^ 

t'^^s^'r'^a^a^;!^:^":^?-;^^! 

Con'l 94 Tutor'at N. J. Coll. IT97-1800. 
bceaine pastor of ^^^'^f , „f di,i„i,y .,t 
x"j"'coir From .so" til] his dea^, he wa. 
.r ,f .bP IidcD Pies. Church, Savannah, 
■r' r;r'cac.hei he'liaO a.brilUant reputation 

CO""'."- •'. . . ..,. .„, „ hn WHS com- 



i.^"me nts • resi^n«l in 1779, and established a 
"^.tv ,, It the A'../. ■Jo>"->.al, at the village of 
na, an-'in 1783 he removed his press to 
.h .i of N.Y., and cst.il.lished the A.i. 
/;;-w . in 1787 removed to Eliz-abethrown, 
I r vic'.d il e V J. Jonnial, which he con- 
^':; ,J^^ o c lit 31 vears. He held -he office of 
;:. 1 -e of common pleas for 35 years ; postmas- 

href ol Ueiirv, b. Eii/.al«thiown, N. J., 23 June, 
795 ; d. Apr. 7, 18G.>. '"Uf '°." S"."" n iV 
pif. rhctorU,- and lojiie m U of N.t D^ )• 
^,., Ucen»cdtopn.chjnJ.mc,18U^o,d^ 



"••"'• ; .irPrcsb Hmr.h, Oxiord, N.C.. ii 
!:?"""■■, R 8 of tie Pre b. church, Norfolk, Va. 
ts^UI aCr-rd of Hurlin.ton, N..I , and 
; ;. • I, -v I Pub. an edition of Uen- 

^^CrcT- •■Sermon^swithMemoir,;4vols 

8vo, 18°' ; •' Ministerial Character ; Best 



Method of Delivering Sermons ; " " Enlosy on 
I'diuuud M. Mason ;' discourse Un IJucl- 
Ii",,,, • " " ( )u the Perseverance of the buints ; 
•1 p.;,or..l Kcmiuisce.ices," N.V. 12ino, 1849. 

koSClUSZkO (kos-se-as'-ko), J_^<"^y^^'^ 
Puli-h pairiul. b. Lithuania, l-eb. 12, l-oG, a. 
Solcnix!. Switzerland, Oct. 16, 1817. He was 
of noble des ent ; was educated at the Milit. 
Acad, of Warsaw, and (at the expense ot the 
t.a.c) in Fiaine. On his retun. to l'"'''-^. " 
was made a capt. ; hut an unhappy pa-ion to 
the dau. of the marshal of Lithuania induced 
him to leave Poland, and oiler his i'orMec^ o 
h. Aiiieiicans. Armed with the reco-ui c ,- 
dation of Franklin, on f'^?<='}""'V"'\T":l'''. 
Washington, he answered >"^•>"^":>■■ J^'';'^ 
do von seek herer' by sayini.', ^ ^"^ '" 
nght a.s a volunteer for Aniencan .ndcpend- 
„nc^. " _ •■ What can you do ? — 1 " •">:. 
«"« the laconic reply.' Wasliington madch.in 
an aidc-de.amp, a.id Oct. 18, 17,b, ^ol^f^l 
pincers. He planned the •^-'^^'^V^Vut^'^ 
nt Bemis's Hei;:hts, IVoin which Bui-ojnc 
?.nndk mpossibic to di.slodge him ; and was 
1.;: principal engineer in executing the wo^ks 
at West Point. In June, > ' 8 1 , h., a.uea 
Greene in the unsuccessful siege ot ^ "« >-»'^-_ 
For his services he leeeived the thar.ks ol Con- 
frrJss the badge of the Cine.nn.ai, and the 
t cvet of brig..gen. After the war 1- retunied 
to Poland, where he fought gallantly unUcr 
Pu, ia.owski against the l!"**"'"^' ,V""ka Ji' v 
at Ziel.iice, June 18, and at Dubic, ka, July 
17 792;- but the pa.riols were finally ovc - 
vhelracd, and Kosciu^.ko retired to Leips c 
In 1794 another rising ol the Poles tookphicc_ 
Ko^ci.iszko was placed at US head, and at 
U;;c;;i^e. April i, 1794, with 5 000 pcasjmt^ 
armed mostly witli scythes, rou ed li ;» '^^ 
corps of twice that number. He comiuittea 
^bc'^onduct of the govt, to a "auon.^Uou- ^ 
aii.l marched against li.s foes. J'« .'•°» "'J 
armies of P.ussia and Prussia, who had ^M.xtya 
Wa saw were, alter several bloody confl.ets. 
^;::p::iled by Ihe Polish chief to ruis.the^-g- 
Austria now a-lded her weight to 1''- ^"^'" f" 
who, with 150,000 n.en,cameupoihi„,0 t 
10, at Macicjovvicc. Alter a long conH , 
Kosciuszko, who had repelled 3 -ataas t 1 
covereil with wounds, uttering the proplicic 
lamcm " /'Vms Polonice! " He was iinpri.oned 
hi^t Petersburg until the accession o. the L:u- 
mror Paul, who, on freeing him, olTcred h m 
h lown s«ord. " I have no need ol a sword 
^:id"Kol.i.i-zko : '' I hiwe no .nintry to de- 
fend " Vis t iig the U.S. in 1.9., aa w. s i<- 
cei ed with marked distniction and. >" «d^ ' "" 
\o his pe^^ion, received Irom ^ff^^;^ 
of land. He afterwards resided m 1-r.inic 
ll^Fontainebleau.. I"' ^f ^;H^"^::i;;: 
in viin to engage hiin in hi» scbe iics ruai u 
Po !md, lfo.scii..zko refusing '"-^ ''"«», 
to his purposes without a guaranty of loHsi 
^ dom 'in 1816 he went to ''- at bolenr 
Switzerland. His death was ">"',^:' .'"> ^.Ji"^^'^ 

!>-"'i'?'--.'::;^j.i!;;:;:;^rands;[^:^in 



!i:tii'rr::;p:^.!=rands,,.ac^in 
::;^^!'^•;!t^s:^i^^:;:::•nXn^:^:: 

his memory. n 1). 

Krauth, Cuables Pmi-ii-, sm., u.i>. 



liRA 



520 



clcrj^vmHn nml sclioliir, b. Xortlmmpion Co., 
Ph., "1796; <l. (ii-ltybbiirg, I'lX.. Miiv 3, 1867. 
He iiiiiilH'd nicilieiiic ; liut in 18:>u Ikciiiik; |>nii- 
tor of I he Slieplierdiiiown Lutheran Church, 
where his uliilitie:! soon hecuinc known. In 
1821 he was on the cnniiniliee to dniw up ihc 
forinuhi for the nmt. and di-cii)line of the 
Evau^^elical Luiheran Chnnli; in 182.'> ho 
a^sisieil in pripariiij,' n Ilviniiliouk, Litniyy, 
and l'r«_\fr» fur the use of the churches ol the 
district synods; in I8.'ll he was placed upon 
the editing coniniitlee of 15 ; was often a dele- 
jrnto to the general synod, served on ninny of 
its cominittces, and was repeatedly its presi- 
dent. From I8:i7 to IS.'U he was pastor of 8t. 
Matthew's Lutheran Church, I'liila., and was 
rcpirded as one of the finest pulpit orators of 
that citv. Kroni 18.14 to 1847 he was pies, of 
Pn. Coll. Kroni 1847 till his death, he was 
prof, of hihiical pliilolo;;y and eccl. history 
in the Gcttyshnr;; Theol. Sem. He pith, some 
addresses, and furnished uinny articles for the 
Lul/ieran liitdlijiiia-r and the Emiu/eliail lie- 
vieir. 

Erauth, Chvklk* I'outekfield, son 
of the pi-eeeilin.', b. Mariin-burt:. Va., 17 Mar. 
1823. U. of I'a. IS')!). Ord. 1842; succes- 
sively pastor at Baltimore ; Winchester, Va. ; 
Pitishurj^, Pa.: St. Mark's Church, Phila., in 
18.")9-G.1; i)rof. of ll)col(>;;v, l.,utheraii Sein., 
Phila., 18G4-8; ami since 1808 prof, of moral 
and intell. philos. V. of Pa. Has pub. " The 
Pastoral Office," 184.^; "The 'I nfiisfijrura- 
liou," 18.')0; "Popular Amusements," 1851 ; 
"The Bible a Perfect Book." 1851; "The 
Old Church on the Hill," 18.->4 ; "The Lu- 
theran Church anil the Lord's Day," 1857, 
&c. ; Transl. of Tholuck's Commentary on 
the Gospel of St. John. Contiib. to numerous 
reviews and periodicals. In 1 861 he became 
editor of the Lntln-ran and .\ft:isinnari/, Phila. 

Kl-ebs, -Ions .MiciiAi.i.. I) I). (Dick. Coll. 
1841), I'rob. (Icr;;vman. b. Iliii;crsto\vu, Md., 
Mav6, 1804: d. NY. Citv, Sept. 30, 1867. 
Dick. Coll. 1827 ; Prinect.' Theol. Sem. 18.30. 
He spent his leisure time in study while a clerk 
in the employ of his failu'r, who was postmas- 
ter of Ilaycr-lDwn. Uaviiij,' studied tlieolo;;y 
under Dr. DuHicId, he was in Oct. 1829 li- 
censed ti) preach ; and from IS.'iO to hisd. was 
pasior of the I{ut(;ers-si. Church, N.Y. From 
1837 to 1845 he was (lernninent clerk of the 
Fresh. Gen. Assembly (O.S.), and in 1845 was 
modcnitor. He was a director of the Prince- 
ton Sem. from 1842, and became pres. of the 
board in 1866. He bud been a memlier of the 
lioard of Foreitrn Missions from its orjpiniisa- 
li'Mi, and for several years its pres. Author of 
numerous works, ineludiii); " The Puri>ose and 
Success of the (iiis|)el," 18.33 ; " Ri|;hieousn)rss 
and Xutiunal Prosperity," 1835; "The Prov- 
i'len t of Ciod in ihe Calamities of Men," 
1335 ; " The Leailer Fallen," 1841: " Merciful 
iiebuker," 1841 ; " Koeiproeal Relations of 
Pliy-icians and Clergymen ; " " The American 
Citizen," 1851; " The Presbyterian Psidmist," 
18.-.-.'. 

Kutan, Adam, .M.D., b. Germaniown, Pa., 
Nov. 2^ 1711 ; d. Phila. Julv 5, 1817. He 
siidii'd medicine under his fatVr. am) at the 
U. of CpsiU in 1762, also studying botany 



under LinniBus. He took ilie dc<;rer of M.D. 
at the U. of Kilinburgh, June 12. 1767 ; |)iib. 
the thesis, " /A- /Mialwiif Fririida." Ueiurii- 
ing, he settled in pructiee in I'liila. ; in Jan. 
1768 was upp. prof, of materia nicdiea in the 
Phila. Coll. ; prof, of the theory and pruetitc 
of medicine in the U. of Pa. in Nov. 1 789 ; and 
prof, of the practice of pbvsii' from the jiiiietioii 
of the Coll. and U. in J.in. 1792 till 1797. He 
was a physician of the Pa. Hospital fmui May, 
1775, toJan. 1798 ; and was pres. of the College 
of I'hvsiciuns from July, 18U8, till his denlTi. 
— n'arher. 

Kunkel, John C., lawyer and ALC. from 
Pa. I8.i7-,i, one of llie ubIcM s|ieakcrs and 
inii^i gilrcl nun of Pa. ; d. Harrisburg, Pa., 
14 Oci. I87II. 

Kimze, Kdwaud J., sculptor, b. Pome- 
rania, Prussia, 1826; d. N.Y. City, 10 Apr. 
1870. At 18 he came to tlic U S.,'and, devot- 
ing himself to his art, achieved a high repu- 
tation. 

Kunze, Jons CiinisToi-iiKR, D.D., b. 
Saxouv, 1744; d. N.Y. Julv 24, 1S07. U. 
of Halle. In 1771 be was called to the Lu- 
theran congri'gaiions in Phila. of St. Micliael'a 
and Zion's cliiirches, where he continued 14 
year^. He was one of the first of lii» educated 
counirymcn to ur„'e the propriety ol educating 
German youth in F.nglish. In 1784 lie re- 
moved to X.Y , where he hail charge of the 
Lutheniu church 23 years, and was prof, of 
ancient langiun'cs from 1784 to 1787 and from 
1792 to 1795 in Col. Coll. He coin|ioscil and 
pub. in 1795 a liymn-liook of German hymns 
translated into Knglish verse. He also pre- 
pared a liturgy and catechism in Fnglish. 
Pres. of Ihe second synod of the Amer. Lu- 
theran chinch, and was celebr.itcd fur the be- 
nevolence of his character. Auihor of " Hist, 
of the Christian Itcligiim and of the Lutheran 
Church," " Kclipse of June 10, 1806 " — Ste 
rrnvhusS flisl. of Ihe Amn: f.ulh. Church. 

Kyan, John H., inventor of the process 
of hiinlening wood, making what is called 
" Kyauized " wooil ; b. ICng. ; d. X.Y. 9 Jan. 
18.50, a. 75. Member of many F.uru|iean 
sciciitilic sijciclies. 

Labaree, Ben.iauin, D.D. (U. of Vt. 

1841). I, L.D. (Damn. Cull, 1804), ediieatoi', 
b. Chiirlcstown, N.H., June 3, 1801. Dartiii. 
Coll. 1828; And. Sem. 1831, Ord at Brad- 
ford, M<., Sept. 26. 1831. I'rof. of Latin and 
Grivk, Jackson Coll , Columbia, Teiin , 1832- 
6, and pres. fnun 1836 to Apr. 1837 ; sec. of 
the Central Kdiicaiiiin Soc. at N.Y. ; pres. of 
Miildlcburv Coll Oct. 1, 1840, to 1866 ; poslor 
at Hyde Park. Ms., 1809-71. 

Labat (lii'bii'). John Haptist, a French 
mi—iunary, b. Paris, 166.3; d. there Jan. 6, 
1738. Al ilieagi of 20 he entered the Dominican 
order, and, after acting as prof, of |ihi|o~opliy 
at Nancy, embarked in 1693 fur the \V, Indies 
as a ini'>sionary. He was some lime curd of 
Maeouli'i ill .Martinique, but in 1696 passed 
to (iuailaloupe, where he esiablisbcd a station 
of his order, and also disiing, hiinscll as an 
engineer and agriculturist. He explored the 
archipelago of Ihe Aniillcs ; founded in I703 
the city of Basse Terre ; in 1705 returned to 
Eurojic, uiid iraTclleU tlirougb Spain, survey- 



LA.B 



521 



l>?le; 



ins 'h" environs and coast of Andalusia, to 
Itnlv, wlicie he remained several years, and 
wrote his 'vVo««ca« Voi/wjk aiix Isles del' Am^- 
ri'/w," 6 vols., I'aris, 1722. Diiriny; several 
voyages in the service of the mission, he visited 
all tlie Antilles, and, on the attack of Guada- 
loiipe hy the Enjjiish in 170.1. he remlereJ im- 
portant services as an enjiineer. He also puh. 
" A Dcsciiption of the Ooiinlries on the Sene- 
gal and between Cape Blanco and Sierra 
Leone," and a translation of Cavazzi's work 
im Western Ethiopia. 

La Borde, Maxi.milian, phvsician and 
scliolar, h. Kd^'elield, S-C, 1804. "S. C Coll. 
1821. His fatl;er was from Bordeaux. Ahan- 
doning the stndv of law for that of iiied., he 
was ^n-ad. at tlie'S. C. Med. Coll. in 1826. He 
practised his profession I. 3 years, occasionally 
representing Ed^eKeld dist. in the lower house 
of the State le;,'isl., and, edited the Edrjefidd 
Advertisn in 18.'i6. In 1838 he was elected sec. 
of state; in 1842 he accepted the chair of loj^ic 
anil hellesletlres in S. I". Coll. ; and in 1845 
was transleried to the chair of metaphysics. 
He tau^'ht chiefly hy lecture till I8.")."j, when ht^ 
pub. a text-hook on physiolo^'y, which is hi;;hly 
esteemed. He has hceu a ficiiiient contrih. to 
the b'oiith. Qnarlerli/ Rcvinp, and has contrih. 
to Russell's and other Southern magazines. In 
Au'i. 185i» he pub. an elaborate " History of 
the S C. Coll., with Sketches of its Presidents 
and Professors." — Aiipliloii. 

Laeey, Ges. John, Revol. officer, b. Bucks 
Co, Pa., Peb. 4. 173.i; d. New Mills, N.J., 
Feb. 17, 1814. Though brou^'ht up a Quaker, 
he took com. of a vol. comiuuiy, and ,Jan. 6, 

1776, was made a capt. in Wayne's re^t., with 
whicli he served in Canada. He was made in 
1777 suli-lieut. of Bucks County, and lieut.eol. 
of militia, and, at the head of 400 men, joined 
Gen. Potter's brigade at Whitemarsh in Nov. 

1777. While thus enga;;ed he was in frequent 
skirmishes with the enemy. Before he was 2.3 
he received the app. of bri;;.-gen. (Jan. 9, 
1778), and had a most harassin;; duty to per- 
form on iho lines while the British army occu- 
pied Phila. He was a member of the Assem- 
bly in 1778; a member of the council in 1779- 
81"; and Irom Aug. 1780 to Oct 1781 was in 
active service with a brigade of militia. He 
soon afierwards removed to New Mills, Bur- 
lington Co., N. J., where he became largely 
concerned in iron-works. He was many years 
a jiid','e, and jiisiiee of the county where he re- 
sided ; and also a member of the legisl. — lio'/eis. 

La Come, CiiEV.ii.iiiR PiiiRUE, an active 
Caniilian otfieer. Son of Capt. La Corne, 
town-major of Quebec in 1719. He was, with 
Sieiir .foneaire, on an embassy to the Indians 
of Niagara in 1720. In 1747, with M. de St. 
Pierre, he defeated the Indian incursion at I-a 
Cheiie Ilai)ids ; was sent to Acadia with l)e 
Ramezay. sueeeedinj to the command when 
that officer was wounded in the action at Grand 
Pre. In this art'air he attacked and carried the 
house of Col. Noble, who was killed in its de- 
fence. In 1749 he was sent, with the priest La 
Loutre, to seduce the Acadians from their 
allegiance to Eng.. and to inilnee them to re- 
move north of the Bay of Kundy and the 
Isthmus, )ut failed in the attempt. At this 



time he is said to have com. ab. 2,.'j00 men. 
He was actively employed in Canada for the 
next ten years ; was wounded in the action at 
the Hapids, Lake Ontario, in I7.')9; and was 
diiting in com. of a batt. of Colonial troops, 
and again wounded at the ca])ture of Quebec. 
By his intimate knowledge of the Indian lan- 
guajies he was of great service to the tiovt. 

Lacunza, Jose M.vria, Mexican jioet, b. 
ab. 1809; d. Havana, June 19, 1869. He re- 
ceived an e.xcellent education ; came to the bar 
ab. 1834 ; and was in the eouneil of Santa AHa 
in 1 843-4, and at a later period. When Maxi- 
milian came into power, he found him the most 
eminent lawyer of the capital, and favorably 
disposed toward himself, and made him, in Nov. 
1864, minister of state and pres. of the council. 
He resiirned in Nov. 1865, and a few months 
later escaped to Havana. His poems, which 
have great merit, have passed through several 
editions. 

Ladd, Joseph Brown, poet and jiliysieian, 
b. Little Complon, K.I., 1764; d. Charleston, 
S.C., Nov. 2, 1786. from a wound received in 
a duel. Son of Williiim, a soldier of the Re- 
vol. (member of the H.I. legisl. nnd of the con- 
vention which ratified the Federal Constitution ), 
who d. Alexandria, Va., Dee. 4, 1800, a. 64. 
The son removed to Charleston, S. C, ab. 
1784, and was soon engaged in extensive prac- 
tice. In 1785 he was app. Fourth of July 
orator at the second celebration of the day in 
Charleston. His writings, under the signature 
of " Aronct," pub. in 1786, display genius. A 
sketch of hi.s life, with poems, was pub. in 1832, 
by W, B. Chittenden. 

Ladd, William, philanthropist, b. Exeter, 
N. II.. May 10, 1778; d. Portsmouth, N. H., 
Apr. 9, 1841. II.U. 1797. Engagiii- in mer- 
cantile pursuits, he made several loreij;n voy- 
ages, as supercargo or captain. He took an 
active part in orfranizing the American Peace 
Society, of which ho was for many years pres., 
and in behalf of which he labored crtirient- 
Iv until the close of his life. He edited the 
f'rieiid of Peace, commenced by Ur. Noah 
Worcester, and the Ilaihimjer of Peune ; and 
pub. a number of essays and occasional ad- 
dresses on the subject of peace. He carried his 
views to the extreme of denying the right to 
maintain defensive war, and caused this prin- 
ciple to be incorporate*! into the constitution 
of the American Peace Society. Author of 
" An Essay on a Congress of Nations," 8vo, 
Bost. 184o! 

Laet, John de, historian and geographer, 
b. Aut\verp ; d. there at the close of 1649. Lit- 
tle is known of him. except that he was a di 
rector of the Dutch K. India Co. and intimate 
with Snumiase. He left .some very useful 
works, the chief of which arc, " Sovus Orbis," 
folio, Leyden, 1633, an account of America, 
much used by later geographers and which in- 
volved him in a controversy with Grotius con- 
cerninfr the origin of the Americans ; " lUstorla 
Nalimilit Drasilite." folio, 1640; " iJe liei/is His- 
puiiiiv liegnio ft Opihus," 8vo; " Respuhlira Bel- 
garnm ;" " Gallia ; " " Turcici Impi-rH Status; " 
and " Prrsici Imperii Status." The four last 
form part of the little books called " Relpubli- 
c<r," printed by Elzevir. — Biiyj. Unio. 



01 



I^AJ> 



Lafayette, Marik Jkan Paul Rocu 
Yvki (iiLULUT Mi>TlEU, ninrquu ilv, ^ulillrr 
iiml >iaii'>iiiuii. b. nt C'liiivaKiiHC, Auvi:r;:nu, 
Si-|it. 6. i:.'):; d. Puris, May 19. 1C34. One 
ol ills BlK•c^lors was u disiin^iuislii.Ml iimr'-hul of 
Fruiice ; aiiotlitT, Mine, dc LarHyi'tti*. wns uno 
of thu most brillmni urniiiQi-nis of the court of 
LuiiU XIV. Hio father fell in llit' b.itile of 
Min<lcn; anil, his mother living in 1770, hv wiis 
led the heir to an immi'n>e ctiate. Uv was eJ- 
wntol at the culle<^ of Ples^is ; anil ut 16 to. 
a Kraiiil'iluu;:htcrMl the Duke ilc Noiulles. Kn- 
terin^ ihe urniv, lie was a capt. in a dra^tion 
re<;i. at Men, when, in the summer of 1776, 
heurin;; that the American Colonies had de- 
elareil their inje|icndenee, he nt once resolved 
lo aid (hem; seirelly Httcd out a vessel ; and, 
with the liamii de Kalb and 10 other officers, 
set sail, eludin'4 the officers sent to prevent his 
departure. Alter a lonj; and siorniy pussajjc 
lie landed near lieorjjetown, S.C. lii> arrival 
produced a preat sensation, and (:ave a iwwcr- 
tul impulse lo the patriot cuu.'<c. lie addressed 
a letter to Con^^ress, askini; leave lo serve at a 
volunteer without |iay. That body i;avc him, 
in consideration of his zeal, illustrious family, 
and coniieciions, the rank of maj.-sea. July 31 , 
1777 ; and he was invited by Washington to be- 
come a iiieiiiher of his military family. A vol- 
unti'cr at the battle of Brandy wine, Sept. 11, 
while rallwiii; the retreaiiii;; Americans, he re- 
ceived a bullet-wound in the le^. App. locoin. 
an expcd. to Canada by the iiiachinalions of tlic 
cabal hostile lo Washing-ton, he saw throu),-h 
the artiliec, and, by Wa.-hingion's advice, ac- 
cepted the |iost ; but the plan failed fur want 
of means On the night of May 19, Uen Gniiit 
unileriook to surprise Lafayctio at Barren Hill, 
near Philn.. bul was foiled. At Muiimuulli ho 
attacked the British with viyor and success, 
nntil Lee ordeical him to fall back. Keiurnin;; 
home in 1779, he was welcomed there with e\- 
traoi'dinary eiiihusiusm by all cla-tsos. It was 
mainly due to his elFurts tJiat the army of Ro- 
chamlieau was sent lo America. May 1 1, 17S0, 
be rejoined Washin;;ton. He was one of the 
court lonveiicd at Tappan, Sept. 29, by whom 
Maj. Andre wiu> tried as a spy, and condemned 
to death. Larly in 1781 lie was sent with 
1,200 men to assist in the defence of \'a. From 
his own funds he supplied shoes, hats, and tents 
to his destituic army. Pursued by Cornwallis, 
lie skillully ntreated until joined by Wa\nc's 
force of Scib men, when hendvnnccd, and placed 
himself lieiwcen the British army and lar^^c 
quaniities of siorps at Charloilesville. Cun- 
tiiiuiii^ his rvtictt, Cornwallis at last took )>ost 
at Vorkiowii. Lafayette stationed his force so 
IIS to cut otT the retreat of the Briii:-li into the 
Caroliiias. and awaited the arrival ol Washing- 
toil ami lioeliamlieau. For his services at the 
sie^-e of Vorktown, where, in coiijunciion with 
Hamilton, he com. one of the a.<s;iilin); parties, 
he was publicly ih.inkol by Washington on the 
day after the surrender ol Cornwallis. He then 
returneil to France, and was made a in»j.-(;en. 
in the French army. Congress, in granliuK him 
leave of ab-cncc, passed resolutions acknowledj;- 
ing his eminent services. In 1784 he H;;ain 
risited thi U.S.. and was everywhere reeeivi>d 
with alfaciiun uid resptscu U>! was a member 



of the Assembly of Notables at Paris in 1787, 
where he denounced the abuses of the j^vi and 
demainled the cunvocaiiun of the Stales-gener- 
al. July 13, 17!49, he wiL', app. coiu. -in-chief 
of the national (guards. When the abolition of 
titles was decreed, he laid down timt of m^T- 
quis.nnd hencefunh was known only as lhe:;iii- 
cral. When the Constitution was udopiid (Ju y 
14, 1790), he rv»ij;ne<l his com. Mar. 20. 1 792, 
he was app. to the com. of one of the armiea 
sent to );uard the frontier. Hcestublished disci- 
pline, and non victories iii Philipiicville, Mail- 
beuKC, and Florcnnes, but he was denounced by 
the Jacobins, and his arrest decreol. Quittiiii; 
his command, he crossi'il the frun;ier Au;;. 17, 
intending to take refuge in Holland, but was 
taken by the Austrian-, and eontinisl in the dun- 
geons of Ulmuiz, where he remained until set 
tree ( Aug. 25. 1 797 ) by the trca-y of Caiu|io For- 
mio. A daring attempt for his rescue, by Ur. 
Krii'k Uollinan and Francis K. Huger, was iieiir 
being sneces.-lul. At llie close of 1799 hecotuU- 
lisheal himself at his estate of L,a fjrange, alajut 
40 miles from Paris. In 1818 he was elected 
to the chamlHT ol deputies, where he was a sup- 
iwrter of all liliend measures. Invited by Cou- 

Sress lo visit the U. S. in 1824, he landed al 
. Y. Aug. 15; and his progress tliroiigii the 
country lesembled a continuous tiiutnplial pn>- 
^■ssiun Cong, in Dee. 1824 voted him J200.000, 
and a township of lainl, in eoiisideruiion of his 
iiupurtanl services in the Uevol. lie ret. to 
France in Sept. 182J. In 1827 he »a^ re-eltvicd 
to the cliambv-rof deputies. During the revol. of 
July, 18.30, of which he was the acknowledged 
leader, he rc:idercd great scrviix- lo the lil>eral 
cause. He saeriliced hi.-, own republican p ef- 
erenccs lor the sake o! peace and onler, and 
placed lyouis l'hili|i|ie on ihe throne, continiiig 
liimsvlf to his duius as a repnseiitative of the 
|H'ople. His son, (iEuRUE \\ .isii. L.vfayeittb 
(11. L'. IS24), d. La lirange, Dec. 1, 1849.— 
SVe MtmoiiA^ Corr>sp.,ai4d MifS. vf Gfn. /,., 
/<u/.. Ill) Ais Fiimili/, 3 vols. 8vo. Loud 1837. 

IiOflteau, Jostrii Fkani'Is, a French Jes- 
uit, auil missionary ain.ing ilie Iro<|auis Indi- 
ans in 1700-3, b.'Boideaux. 16ro, d. 1740. 
lie pub. upon his return to Kurojie " Mirurt 
lies ^uniijct Aiktricuiiin," &•:, Paris, 2 vols. 4lo, 
1723 ; also a work on the Discoveries and Con- 
quesis of the Portuguese in the New Wor.d, 
Paris, 4 vols. 12ino, 1733 ; rvpriiited in 2 vols. 
4to, 1733. In the tonner be maintained that 
the North-American Indians are descended Irom 
the barbarians who inhabited (jix!vcu at an earl/ 
period. Prof, of bebcs-letircs after bis return 
lo France. — Uivi. L'lia: 

Lafltte, Jt.A.N, u corsair of the Gulf of 
Mexico, b. Frame, ab. 17SU; d. at sea in 1817, 
or at .Sisal, Vueatan, in 1826. There is much 
obsciiriiy as lo the events of his career. In 
1813-14* he was al the head of a lormidablo 
luind of despirailoos whose headquarters uere 
oil the Island of liraiid Terre in Baralaiia 
Hay. This bay afforded a secure retreat for 
their Heel ol small vessels ; and their goods were 
smuggleil into New Orleans in boats, through 
an intricate laliyrinih of lakes, b.iious, and 
swamps, to a luint a little aliove the city. In 
1814 an expeu was sent against them under 
Comiuodoro Palterson. The seiilciucui of 



liAJff' 



523 



TiATi 



Grnnil Terre, with all the vessels in port nt the 
time, were tiiken ; but Lnlitte ami hiscomraJes 
escaped into the interior, and resiuned tlieir 
operations as soon as Patterson retired. < 'ver- 
tures were, ab. this time, made to Latitte by the 
commanders of the British naval and military 
forces in the gulf, otf.rinj,' him $;iu,000 and a 
commission in tlio Britisli navy, on condition 
of obtaining his services in conducting the con- 
templated exped. to N. ( )rleans. lie imuiedi- 
atelv wrote to Ciov. Claiborne of La., enclosing 
the documents from Capt. Lockyer, and ofter- 
in ' his services in defen.'C of La. on the sole 
condiiion ol i)ardon to biniself and followers 
for the offences witli which ihey stood charged. 
Lafitie's ort'er was, after some liojtation, ac- 
cepted. In connection with an otfiicr of the 
army, he was employed in fortifying the passes 
of Barataria Bay, and rendered cfticient service 
in com. of a paity of hislblloworsin the battle 
of Jan. 8, 1815. "His subseiiuent career is in- 
volved in obscuritv ; but it is believed, that, 
after the war, he for a time com. a packet ply- 
ing between Phila. and N. Orleans, and sub- 
sequently resumed his old pursuits, taking a 
privateer's conimis>ioii eiihcr from New Cira- 
nada or Mexico, and that, while thus engaged, 
he formed a settlement on the site of the pres- 
ent citv of Galveston, which was broken up 
in IS2l" by a naval force under Lieut. Ke:>§iey. 
Lalittc was tall, well-lurined, and liandsoine, 
easy and polished in manner, and winning and 
amiblc in his address. It is supposed that he 
was of a respectable family, and that his early 
opportunities for education had been good. — 
Ai>i'leloii. 

Lafon, Barthei.emt, geographer; d. IN. 
Orleans. Sept. 29, 1820. He pub. a map of 
Lower Louisiana and N. Orleans. About 1814 
he proposed for pub. " Urane Geography," 
designed to prove that America was known to 
the ancients. 

Lafontaine, Sir Louis Hvpolite, a 
Canadian statesman, b. Boucherville, C.L., 
Oct. 1807; d. Montreal, Feb. 26, 1864. His 
grandfather, Antoiue Menard, was a member 
of the Canadian parliament from 1796 to 1804. 
He studied for the bar ; became a prominent 
politician; and being supposed, from his con- 
nection with the French Canadian opposition 
to be in svmpathy with the insurgents of 
1837, a reward was offered for his arrest ; and 
be fled to Eng. and thence to France. Sub- 
sequentlv called to the councils of Lord Dur- 
ham ami of Sir Charles Bagot, his party came 
into power in Mar. 1848 : and he was premier 
from the resignation of Mr. Baldwin until Oct. 
1S.-)I. Hcsuming his law-offiic, he became 
chief justice of the Court of Queen's Bench, 
Au". 13, 185.3. Created bart. Aug. 28, 1854. 

La Forest, Antoinb Kkne CiiAiti.ES 
Matuckin, comtc de, diplomatist, b. Aire, 
France, 8 Aug. 1756 ; d. 2 Aug. 1846, Quit- 
ting the regt. of Hainaut, he entered the di- 
plomatic service in 1 774 ; was attached in Nov. 
1778 to the French legation in the U.S., and was 
8UCI essivelv vice-consul at Savannah, Phila., 
and N Yo'rk, and in 1785 succeeded Marbois 
as consul-gen. He returned to France in_I792 ; 
was again consulgen. to tlie U.S. m 1(94-3; 



was placed nt the head of the French post- 
office alter the 18th brumaire ; in 1800 was 
miuister-plcnipo. to the Congress of Luneville ; 
minister to Berlin 1803-6, and to Spain 1808- 
1.3 ; made peer of France, 3 Mar. 1819 ; minis- 
ter of State, and member of the piivy council 
in 182J. , , ,,. 

La Hontan, baron, author and soldier, 
b. Gasconyab. 1667. Came to Canada a privata 
soldier in "l683 ; was stationed successively at 
Clianiblv, Forts Frontenac, Niagara, St. 
Joseph's", at Lake Huron, and the Sault Sie. 
Marie; in 1688 at Miehilimacinac ; at Green 
Bay in 1689 ; and thence proceeded to the Mpi. 
He rose to the rank of an officer, and was sent 
bv Count Frontenac to France with the de- 
spatches announcing the iailure of SirWilham 
i'hipps's attack on Quebec. Afterwards dcp.- 
gov. of Placentia, he got embroiled with his 
superior; raaile his escape in a merchant- vessel ; 
was subsequently ilismissed the service; and, 
bein" ibrcatcned wiih arrest, fled to Spain, and 
pa-sed tlie remainder of his life in foreign coun- 
trie> setllin- finally in Denmark. Disappointed 
ill 1697 in the end'eavor to be restored to favor, 
he vented his spleen in writiii" his travels enti- 
tled " Noiweaiix V'oytiges de M. le baron de La 
Ilimlan dans I' Amiriiim Septentn'oimle," 3 vols. 
l-Inw. 1703, — a work of slight authority, and 
written in a coarse and vulgar style. 

Laidlie, Archibald, D.D. (N.J. Coll. 
1770), tirst minister of the Dutch church in 
America, who officiated in the Eng. language, 
b. Kelso, Scotland, 1720; d. Red Hook, N.Y., 
Nov. 14, 1779, during his exile caused by the 
war. Previous to his call to N.Y. in 1764, he 
had been 4 years minister of Flushing, Zea- 
land. He m. the dau. of Col. Martin HotFinan. 
He bad a vigorous mind; was a sound divine 
and powerful preacher. 

Lake, Geuaku, viscount, an Eng. gen., 
b. Julv 27, 1744; d. Feb. 20, 1808. Ensign 
in the'Foot Guards in 1758, and served in Ger- 
manv during the seven-years' war. In 1781 he 
was ill Amer. ; lieut.-col. under Cornwalli3,and 
disting. himself by conducting a very successful 
sortie at the siege of Yorktown, where he was, 
to.'Cther with the whole British army, made 
prisoner. He afterward served in Holland and 
Ireland ; was com.-in-chief in India in 1800-6 ; 
and was created Lord Lake, Baron Delily and 
Laswarri ; and was soon after raised to the rank 
of viscount, and made gov. of Plymouth, and 
gen. in the army. 

Lake, William, poet, b. Kingston, Pa., 
1787 ; d. Dec. 17, 1805. His poems, entitled 
" The Parna>si:in Pilgrim," were pub. at Hud- 
son, 12ino, 18117. 

Lallemand (mi'-mon'), Charles Fred- 
ERicK Antoine, baron, a French soldier, b. 
Metz, 1774 ; d. Paris, 9 Mar. 1839. He served 
under Napoleon ; com. a division at Waterloo ; 
and then went to Eng., and requested to bo 
sent to join the emiieror, but was arrested, and 
imprisoned at Malta. He afterward came to 
the U.S., and with his younger bro.. Baron 
Henry, planned in 1818 a colony in the West 
as ail nsvlum f.ir European political exiles ; aiid 
100,000" acres of land were granted by the U.b. 
for the purpose. A spot was selected in Texas, 
but the Spaniards warned off the new-comers. 



r,A.M 



624 



t^^VM 



who reiurncd to Galveston. Ho returned to 
Piirisin I8')0; «h« restored to hi» rnnk of licut.- 
(;en. ; iiml, under Louis I'liilippe, hold the com. 
of CorsiiK two ycar-i. IlKsar, who wm n di»- 
tint:. Hriillcry officer, m. n nieie of Stephen 
Giranl, settled at Unrdentown, N. J., d. Sept. 
1.5, 1S2.3, II. 46. Author of " A Treatise on 
Anillerv," i' voN. 8vo, N.Y. I8iO. 

Lamar, Jose, ex-pre*. of Peru; d. Cartugo, 
Central Anierici. Nov. 15, 18.30. 

LaDiar, Mir^ueaO B., soldier nnd politi- 
cian, I). Louisville, Ua., Aug. 16, 1798; d. 
Riehuiond, Texas, Dec. 19, 1859. He was 
some years ent'a;;ed in mercanlile and farminj; 
pursuits; established in 18:28 the Culumhuii In- 
qiiii'T, n State's rit^hts journal ; and was iictivo 
HI polities until his removal (in 1835) to Texas. 
At the battle of San .laeinto he contrib. great- 
ly to the successful issue by the charj^ of the 
cavalry under his coininund. He soon became 
atly.-j;en. and afterward sec. of war. In 18.'i6 
he was elected first vice-pres. of Texiis, linv- 
in;; for some months previous held the rank 
of niiij -(jen. Krora 1838 to 1841 he was pres. 
of Texas. In 1846 he joined (ien. Taylor at 
Matrtinoras, and was in the Imtile of Monten'y ; 
and was afterwards cn^iased in checkin;: the 
incursions of the Comanches. U.S. minister 
to XiLaragua and Costa Kica just previous to 
his death. Author of a vol. of poems entitled 
" Verse .Memorials," N.Y. 1857. 

Lamb, Gts. Jons, b. N.Y. Jan. 1, 1735 ; 
d. there May 31, 1800. He first followed the 
occupation of his father (optician and math, 
instr. maker), but in 1760enpi|^ed in the liquor 
tiadc. He wttsaciive in all the early scenes of 
the Kevol. in N.Y. ; in 1775, as a capt. of art., 
accomp. JIontKomcry to Quclicc ; was active 
and bravo ilurini^ the siege, and was wounded 
and made prisoner at its close. Ho returned 
to N.Y. the ensuing summer ; was promoted to 
inaj., and attached to the regt. of art. under 
Knox ; coinniiss. col. of the N.Y. art. Jan. 1, 
1777 ; and did good service through the war, 
closing his military career at Yorktown. Ho 
was soon nfterwanl elected to the N.Y. Assem- 
bly. Washington app. him coll. of customs 
for the port of N.Y., which office he held till 
his deaili. — Sff Life of iMmb, by Isaac Q. 
Lcakt, 8vo, Albanv, 1850. 

Lambert, Joiis. M.C. from N.J. 1805-9 ; 
US. .senator 1809-15 ; and acting gov. of N J. 
in 180-'-3 : .1. Amwell, N. J , Kb. 4, 1823, a. 
75. -Member N. J. Icgisl. and vice-pres. of the 
council. 

Lambert, Sir John, a British gen., b. 
1772; d. 1847. ICnsign first Fool Cuanls 1791 ; 
lieut. Oct. 1793; capt. May, 1801 ; col. July, 
1810; maj.-gen. Juno, 1813. He w.i8 at tlio 
sieges of Valenciennes and Dunkirk; in the 
Irish relwllion, the exped, to Walchercn, and 
in the Peninsular campaigns under Wellington. 
In Dec. 1814 he accoinp. Sir K. I'akenham's 
rxped. to X. Orleans as 3d in i-om , and was 
Mvcrely wounded in the battle of Jan. 8, 1815. 

Lameth (lii'-mii'), Ai.ex.\si>kr, .soldier, 
poliiician. and author, b. Pari", Oct. 28, 1760; 
d. Man-h 19, 1829. Like his bro. Charles, ho 
took a |iosition on Rochambcau's staff as ai<le- 
de-cainp. and, when the French revol. broke 
out, was \is warm advocate. Ue joined the 



Army of the North, afterwan! that defending 
the Anicniies, but, l>eing accusi d at Paris, quit- 
te<l the army, and was arrested and confined at 
Magileburg by the Austrians until 1795. In 
1802 Najioleon made him prefect of the Ba»s«'S 
Alp<-s. In 1814 he was made prefect of the 
Soinmc, and lieut. -gen. by Louis Will. In 
1821 he became deputy for the Stint Inliriture, 
and a Icailer of the opposition. He wrota 
much on (loliiics and |)o'iticol economy. Theo- 
dore, another bro., fought in Amer., was 
wounded at the combat of Granada, was a con- 
stitutionalist like his (iros., and a member of 
the Assembly, d. 1837. 

Lameth, Charles Malo Francis, count 
de, u French soldier and politician, b. Oct. 5, 
1757 ; d. Paris, Dec. 28, 1832. A capt., when 
Rochamlwau came to the aid of the U.S. ho 
went on his staff as aide major-gtn. d' lu!i$, 
had his leg broken at the capture of u British 
redoubt at Yorktown, and was rewarded with 
the cross of St. Louis. He was one of the first 
of the nobles to join the people, but t«ccame a 
decided constitutionalist, and thcco-udjutor of 
Lafayette, under whom he served in the Anny 
of the North as gen. of cav., sharing his Hight 
from Franco in Aug. 1792. Returning to Pai^ 
is in 18U0, he held a military ofiice under Na- 
poleon ; was n ineml>erof the chamlx-r of dcp- 
uii^ in 1827; and afterward a partisan of 
Louis Pliilip|io. 

La Mountain, John, aeronaut; d. South 
Bend, Ind., 14 Feb. 1870, a. 41. llelievini; in 
an atmo«plicric current corresp. with the Gulf 
Stnain in the ocean, and setting from cast to 
west, he built " Tlie Atlantic," one of the 
largest and strongest balloons ever made, and 
loft St. Louis, paiiseil over Loke Erie; and, 
while cn)ssing Luke tjniario, it was seized by 
a tornado, ami left a wreck in the woods of 
Jefferson Co., N.Y. During the civil war ho 
turned his nltention to military balloons, and 
was enga^red in the U.S. service His la.st voy- 
age oeiasioncd bis death. An impatient crowd 
cast him off iK'fore he was remly, without an 
overcoat, and the valvc-ropc tied several feet 
al>ove the basket. He shot up into a heavy 
cloud of mist and sleet, which froze the valve- 
boanl fast. He climbed the net-work, and tore 
the balloon oi>cn with his teeth. The l>al>oon 
collapsc<l, and fell with great velocity from a 
height of nearly 2 miles, his system receiving a 
shock from which it never recovered. 

Iiampson, Sir Cirtis Miranda, hart., 
b. Vt., 21 Sept. 1806. Went to Kng. in 18.3(1; 
was naturalized there in 1848; and 13 Nor. 
1868 was made a baronet for his important 
services in laying the .Atlantic telegraph cable, 
having licen a director in the company formed 
for that puriwsc. He is dcp.-gov. of ilic Hud- 
son Bay Co., and a trustee of the Pcabothr 
Fund for the poor of London. — Men of tht 
Tiiitt. 

Lamson, Auvan, D. D (II. U. 1837), 

I'nitiirian clergvnian and author, b. Weston, 
Ms.. Nov. 18, 1792; d. Dcdham, .Ms., Julv 17, 
1864. H. U. 1814. Tutor in Bowd. Coll. 
1814-16; pastor First Church, l)edh«in, OcL 
29, 1818-60. He was a vigorous writer, con- 
trib. many valuable articles to the Christian 
Examiner. Autlior of " Chiuvh of the First 



i^AJsr 



LAJSr 



Three Centuries," &c., 8vo, 1860; Sermons, 
Boston, 12mo. 1857; a discourse at Dedhani, 
21 Dei-. IS3I, on "John Robinson ;" "A Hist, 
of the First Church and Parish in Dedhara," 
8vo, IS.'iO ; and several occas. discourses. 

Iiancaster, Sir James, an Eiig. naviga- 
tor, b. ab. 1550; d. 1620. He made a voyage 
to the E. Indies in 1591, and afterwards sailed 
round the Cape of Good Hope, visiting Ceylon, 
and Palo Penang, where the mutinous conduct 
of his crew obliged him to return home. In 
1594 he enga;.'ed in a predatory exped. to S. 
America; took several prizes; and captured 
Pernambnco in Brazil, returning in 1595 laden 
with immense booty. He sailed from Torbay, 
Feb. 15, 1601, with a fleet of 5 vessels, to the 
E. Indies ; formed a commercial treaty with 
the Kins of Achon ; established a friendly cor- 
resp. with the State of Bantam in the i^laud 
of Java; and returned in 1605, with informa- 
tion, procured in his last voyage, relative to a 
N.W. passage to the E. Indies, whi.h gave rise 
to the subsequent expeds. of Hudson and others. 
Bafiin gave t!ie name of Lancaster's Sound to 
ail inlet which he discovered in 74° of N. lat. 
This navigator received the honor of knight- 
hood from Queen Elizabeth. — .See Aw. of his 
Voi/afje to lite E. Indies in Knox's Colls, v. 2. 

Lancaster, Joseph, educationi-^t, b. Lond. 
1771 ; d. N.Y. Oct. 24, 18.38. He belot>gcd 
to the Society of Friends. In 1789 he opened 
a school for poor children at Southwark, whom 
he taught almost gratuitously. For many 
)cars he was actively engaged in delivering 
lectures, and forming schools in various parts 
of England, on the plan of employing the more 
advanced pupils in a school to instruct the class 
next below themselves ; a. plan originally in- 
troduced into En<.'. by Dr. Bell. His labors in 
giving this system a notoriety it would not 
otherwise have obtained, while gaining him 
applause, kept him poor; and in 1818 he craig. 
to America. His system had, to a considerable 
extent, been previously introduced into Ameri- 
can schools : so that he was not pecuniarily 
benefited by the change. In 1829 he wetit to 
Canada, where the leiiisl. made him some 
pecuniary grants to enable him to give his sys- 
tem a fair trial. Becoming again embarrassed, 
some of his friends purchased for him a small 
annuity, and he removed to New York. Author 
of ■' The British System of Education," &c., 
12mo, Washington, 1812; and an Autobiog., 
New Haven, 1833. — See Life of Luncaster, by 
his friind Willinm Corston. 

Ziandais, Pierre de, a French naval offi- 
cer, b. (of a noble but impoverished family of 
Xorraanily) 1734; d. NY. City, Sept. 1820, a. 
86. A lieut. in the French navy, from which 
he had been dismissed on account of infirmity 
of temper, he entered the naval service of the 
U.S. June 18, 1778, with the rank of capt. In 
Jan. 1 779, he sailed in com. of " The Alliance " 
(fri;:ate) for France, and made part of the 
squadron of Paul Jones. His insubordination, 
together with his extraordinary conduct dur- 
intr the enga^rement between the " Bon Homme 
Kichard" and " The Serapis," Sept. 23, 1780, 
can^ed his dismissal from service, and he passed 
•.he rest of his life in poverty in N.Y. City. 
Lauder, Fbederic West, soldier and 



explorer, b. Salem, lis., Dec. 17, 1822; d. 
Paw Paw, Va , March 2, 1862. As a boy ha 
was rcinarkeil for intrepidity, love of adven- 
ture, and skill in manly exercises. He studied 
civil engineering at the Milit. Acad, at Nor- 
wich, Vt., and was em])loyed by the govt, to 
conduct important explorations across the con- 
tinent. He maile two surveys to dcleruiine the 
practicability of a railroad-route to the Pacific, 
from the second of whicli, undertaken at his 
own expense, he alone, of all the parry, re- 
tnrned alive. He afterward surveyed and 
constructed the great overland wagon-route. 
While engagid in 1838 on this work, his party 
of 70 men were attacked by the Pah Ute In- 
dians, over whom ihey gained a decisive vic- 
tory. When the civil war began in 18B1 he 
was employed on important secret missions in 
the Southern States ; served as a vol. aide on 
Gen. McClellan's statF; and participated with 
great credit in the capture of Phiiippi and the 
battle of Rich Mountain. Made a brig. -gen. 
May 17, and in July took an important com- 
mand on the Upper Potomac. Hearing of the 
disaster at Ball's Bluff, he hastened to Edward's 
Ferry, which he held with a single company 
of sharpshooters, but was severely wounded in 
the le(r. Before the wound was healed he re- 
ported forduty.and at Hancock, Jan. 5, 1862, he 
repulsed a greatly superior Confed. force whi.h 
besieged the town. Tboiigb much debilitated 
by his wound, he particularly disiing. himself 
by a brilliant dash upon the enemy at Bloom- 
ing Gap, Feb. 14, 1862, for which' he received 
a special letter ot thanks from the secre;ary of 
war. Increasing ill health compelled him to 
apply for temporary relief from military duty; 
hut, while preparing an attack on the enemy. 
Mar. I, he died suddenly of congestion of the 
brain. In IS60 he m. Miss Davenport, the 
disting. actress. Louisa Lander, the celebrated 
sculptor, is his sister. 

Lander, Je.vn M.irgaket Divenport, 
actress, b. Wolverhampton, Eng., May 3, 1829. 
Her I'aiher, originally a lawyer, became mana- 
ger of the Richmond Theatre, where, at the 
age of 8, Jean made her first appearance. In 
1838 she was brought to America, and played 
" star " engagements in various cities. In 1S42 
she returned to Europe, travelled, and studied 
music under Garcia. At the Lond. Olympi'' 
she soon became a favorite as Juliet in " The 
Countess," and as Julia in " The Hunchback." 
In 1846 she took a company to Holland, 
and for 2 years was highly successful. Return- 
ing to Eng. in 1848, she became a successful 
public reader. Her second visit to America, in 
1849, was so successful, that she determined to 
make it her home. In " Peg Woftington," 
" Adrienne Le Convreur," Letiiia Hardy in 
"TheCounte>s,"andin "Camille,"sheniad"an 
indelible imi)ression. In 1855 Jlie visited Cal., 
and su'isequently twice visited Eng. Oct. .30, 
1860, at San Francisco, she m. Gen. F. W. 
Lander, who died in the service. Mar. 2. 1862. 
She retired from the stage upon her marriage, 
and did good service as a hospital-nurse in and 
about the capital during the'war. In Feb. 
1865 she re-appeared upon the stage, at Nih- 
blo's in New York. She won a new triumph 
as Queen Elizabeth at the National Theatre, 



LAN" 



526 



LA>T 



Wastiiiipton, in Apr. 1867. Honor, rnme, ami 
wialili cniwii iheinilii'-irious iiml lihimclcs'i life 
of ilii* ixiTllent ui-tross. 

Lander, l.ex-isA, >c«lpu)r, b. Stili-m, Ms., 

nil. 18i.'>. VVliik- i|iiite yciunR »hc iniinitcstcd 
lur ta-ii' for sru'|itutc, niiil nio<li'lloil u.xcelknt 
likcnc.>»c« of varioiit memlK-rs of Hit family, 
anj f.\cciiie<l canuo heails. At «l). llic nuc of 
20 shu went to Kumc; 1kt«mk' the pupil of 
CrawlurJ ; and soon niter linislicil in ninrble 
" To-Duv," « youthful ti;^ure cnibleniaiic of 
Aincricii, anO "Ciulatca." Ainon;» hor suhse- 
quent works arc a bust of Gov. Gore of Ms. 
Irom 2 oil poriruits; a bust of Hawthorne; a 
spiritcil stntuelle of " Vir);iiiia Uare," the first 
En|;lish chilil born in Ainerii'u ; a life-size 
statue of " Virginia ;" a rti-lining statue of 
" Evan'.;cline ; " "Elizabeth, the Exile of Si- 
beria;" a statuette of " Cnilinc," nnci one of 
"Ceres mournini; for Proserpine;" and nu- 
merous |iorirait-liu<ts. She alivrward produced 
a fi;;ure of" A Svlph ali^litin;;." 

Lane, Euknkzkr, ll.d. (H. U. isso), 

jnil;:e, b. Xorilianipton, -Ms, Sept. 17, 1793; 
d. Sandusky, 11. June l->, l(<f.6. H.U. 1811. 
He studied l.iw with bis nnele .Matthew Ciri$- 
wold ; went to t)liio in 1817, and settleil in 
Sandusky in 18i2. .Juilt,'e of the C.C.P. from 
1824 to 1830; of the Supreme Court from 1800 
to 1837; ehief justice 1837-45. He passed 
tile remainder of his life in railroad manage- 
ment. 

Lane, Ebkmezkr, founder of the Lane 
Theol. Sem. : d. Oxford, O., March 8, 1870, 
a. 77. 

Lane, Henry S., senator, b. Monl^'omcrv 
Co, Ky., --'4 Fell. ISll. Keceived a good 
common i-eliool education, and under a tutor 
miined some knowled;;e of the classics ; studied 
law ; removed lo Imliana, and was adm. to its 
bar; member of the legisl. in 1837; .M.C. 
1S4I-3 ; licut.-col. of vols, in the Mexican war, 
1840-7; elected U.S. senator in 1859, but 
denied a scat; elected pov. of Itul. in 18G1, 
but was as:>in chosen a U. S. senator, and 
seived in l9til-7. Uro. of (jcn. James H. 

Lane, Cot,. I9.v.\c of ilollis, Ms. ; d. Port- 
land, Me., Oct. 18.13, a. 69. He was tt Hcvol. 
soldier; com. the 33d U.S. Inf. in several bat- 
tles on the Candida frontier in the war of 
1812-15; and was many years in the legisl. 
of Me. and .Ms., and of the exec, council. 

Lane, Gen. J.vmes Henry, senator, b. 
La«reneeburg, Ind., June22, 1814; d. I.*aven- 
wortli, Kan., .Julv 11, 1806. Son of Amus 
(.M C. 1S33-9). ile studied law, and was adm. 
to the bar in 1840. In .May, 1846, he enlisted 
as a private 3d Ind. Vols., then or-anizinj; for 
the Mexican war ; be was elio»en col., and nc 
ISucna Vista com. a brij;a<ic, and highly dis- 
ting. himself; ^ol. (5ih Ind. rejrt.) 1847-8. In 
1848 he w.is chosen licut.-^v. of Ind , and was 
M.C. in 1853-5, votin;; lor the repe d of the 
Mo. Compromise; in 1855 he went to Kansas, 
becniiie an nciivc Free-State man, and was 
chosen chairman of the exec. com. of the 
To|«-ka convention which in-iituteil tlie first 
govi. of Kansas, lie was nfterwiinl ores, of 
the To|ickH Const. Conv. ; was elecieil by the 
pi'ople niaj.-gen. of the Frce-SMie ir- op", ami 
was active in driving nut the Mo. invaders. In 



1856 he wa< elected to the U.S. senate by llio 
le;;isl., which mcc under the Topekn consiitu- 
lion; but the elct'tion was not nco);nizi'<l by 
Conjtrvss, and be was indicted in Doudl.ts 
County for hi^-h treason for his panieipaiiiin 
in the To|xka ;;"'■'•■ ■""' forced to Hee the 
Territory. In 1 857 he was pres. of the Ix-aven- 
worth Const. Conv. ; in l.-^SS lie shot a neiirhlxjr 
named Jenkins in a quarrel aliout a well, for 
which he was tried and acquitted ; in March, 
1861, he was elected lo t'le U.S. senate by the 
State lc;;islaturc ; in .\Iav, 1801, he eorii the 
Frontier Guards, enlisie<l (.ir the defcnec of 
\Vashin;;tou ; in June he was ni>mitiate<l brij;.- 
(;en. of vols., and com. the Kansas bri^idu in 
the field for 4 months, delealiir,- the relx'ls in 
several well-contested fi;;hts, and protectinj; 
Kansas from invasion ; in July, 1802, he was 
app. commiss. to supt. the enlistment of troops 
in the West. He inirrowly escaped from tin 
Lawrence massacre in An;:. 1S63; and was 
vol. aide lo Gen. Curtis diirin;; the Price raid 
in Oct. 1864. Delegaic to the lialtiinorc Con- 
vention in 1804; re-elected to the U.S. senate 
in 1865. On his way home, just previous to 
his death, he was ntia'ked with paraly-is, his 
reason became unwilled, and he look his own 
lile. 

Lane, Gen. JoSEfH. [mlitician, b. Bun- 
coniiie Co., X.C. 14 Dec. ISnl. Hiscarly clu- 
caiion was scanty. .Vt 1 4 he iK'came a i lerk in 
a mercantile house in Ind.; was f're()iM'ntly a 
member of the Ind. lenisl. between 1822 and 
1846; became col. 2d Ind. Vols, for the .M. x- 
ican war, 25 Jnne, IS46 ; ili-linf;. and wounded 
at Ouenn Vista; made bi i;.'.';4cn. July I, and 
brev. maj.-pcn (lor ;;allnuiry nt lluamantia) 9 
Oct. 1847 ; com. in action of Atli.\co, 19 Oct. 
1847; took .Matnmoras, Nov. 22; caiiturcd 
Orizaba in Jan. 1848; and Fcli. 24 fuu|,'lit the 
rohlier-f'hief Jaranta nt Tehuiiliaplun. App. 
gov. ofilre^;on Terr, in Au^'. 1848; or<piniz'.d 
its Bovi. ; wos i:s ilelejiaic to Con;.'ve.<8 in 1851- 
9; U.S. senator in 1C59-61 ; and apain cov. 
in 1853. N'ininatcd vicc-jir,-. on the ticket 
with Brcckiiirid,;c, by the Baltimore Democ. 
Conv. ol iMiO. 

Lane, Sin RALm, app. cov. of Va. by Ra- 
leigh ill tvb 1585, but abandoned the province 
19 June, 1586, relumiiii; to ICnir. in ihe fleet of 
Sir Francis Drake; h. Nonbampionshire, Eng., 
all. 1530; d. Ireland, 1604. Seconil son of 
Sir R. of Orlinglinry, and of Mauil. dnii. of 
Win., Imti\ I'arre, nnele of Calh. Parr, quein 
of Henry VIM He cniercd the iiueen's ser- 
vice 1563, and was an e<inerry in her court; 
served with crcilit in the relicllion of 1569; 
had a oim. in Ireland in I5>3-4 ; was a col. in 
the expcd. of Xorris and Dnikc against Portu- 
gal in 1589; was miidc mnster-inastcr-gen. in 
Ireland in 1591, where he was dangeninsly 
wounded; and was kidghied bv Fiiz William, 
the lonl dep.. in 1 593. — /fee.' A'. E. llule in 
C'o'/.«. Amrr. Aritrj. .Sir. iv. 

Lang, LiHMS, artist, b. WnMscc, Wurtrm- 
lieru-. .Mar. 29, 1814. His father, an historical 

finintcr, destined him for the musical profession ; 
lilt his lasies led hiiu lo liocomc a painter. .\t 
16 he executed likenesses in paslil with success ; 
and. during a residence of 4 years on ihe Lake 
of Constdiice, ho painieil nearly l,OOU portraits. 



L^>T 



527 



T^AJP 



I;i I8"4 he went to Paris, and afterward to 
Stiittfjart. Ab. IS.3S lie settled in Pliih\. In 
H^l-S iind a;,'aiu in 1847-9 lie was in Italy, 
Mnilyinjr in Venice, Bolo;;na, Florence, and 
Komc. In 1845 he took up liii rcsitlencein N. 
York, where he has been occupied in the dec- 
oration of i.iteriors, and in modelling plasicr- 
fi;j;uies for ornamental purposes, and in paint- 
ing;. His pictures em'irace a wide range of 
subjects. Among them are " Maid of Sara- 
pos^a,"' " Sewin;;-Socieiy," and "ilary Stuart 
Oistribiitinj; Gifts." 

Langdon, John-, LL.D., statesman, b. 
l\ii-i-;ii.jiub, 17.39; d. Sept. IS, 1S19. After 
r.ciiviiij,' a coinmon-schoul education, he cn- 
tired tiie countiii^-liuLise of Uaniel Kindu'e, 
and became a successful merchant. In 1774 
Lan^'don, with John Sullivan and others, se- 
cnred the arms and ammunition at the fort in 
I'ortsmouih Harbor. I:i 1775 he was adelegato 
t:> l'un;,'rcss, but in June, 1776, resigned his 
seat in that body f)r the place of navy agent. 
I'l 1776-7 he was speaker of the Assembly of 
N.H. and judge of C.C P. When means were 
wanted to support a regt., Langdun gave all 
his money, pledged his plate, and applied to the 
same purpose thj proccdls of 70 hogsheads of 
tobacco. A brigade was raised with the means 
which he furnished, with whi-h Gen. Stark 
achieved his nicuiurahlc victory at Bennington. 
Ho served for a wiiile in com. of a vol. cump. 
ntUcnningion, Saratoga, and R.I. In I77'J he 
was Continenral agent in N.U. andpres. of ili; 
X.H. Convention. In 173'J he was agnin ap]). 
delegate to Congress, and was afterw.in!s re- 
peatedly a member of the legisl. and speaker. 
In 1785 he was pres. of N.H., and in 1787 del- 
egate in the convention that framed the Federal 
Cons'itmion. In .M.ir 1783 he wasclio-cn gov. 
of the State; from 1789 to 1801 was U.S. .sena- 
tor: gov. again from 1805 to 1809 and in 1810 
and 1311. In 181 1 Jelfor^on solicited him in 
vain to accept the post of sec. of the navy. In 
\3\2 a majority in Congress selected him for 
vie -pros, ot the U. S.; but he declined the 
honor. 

Langdon, Samcel, D.D. (U. of Aber- 
deen), A.A.S., b. Bos.on, Jan. 12, 1723; d. 
Nov. 2D, 1797. H. U. 1740. Though poor, 
his talents procured him friends, who exerted 
themselves to give him a liberal education. Ho 
ncnt to Portsmouth and took charge of the 
^Tjuiniar sehool ; was a chaplain at the capture 
£.' l.oui.dmrg in 1745; became assist, to Mr. 
1 iieli of the Fir.t Church, whom he snceecded 
a; past.jr Feb. 4, 1747 ; pres. of H. U. Oct. 14, 
1774 to .W Aug. 1780. Installed at Hami> 
ton Falls Jan. 18, 1781, andwasoneof the most 
useful ministers in the State. A disting. mem- 
ber of the N.H. convention which adopted the 
Federal Constitution ; oil n led its debates, and 
c::-ricd his inlluencc in irs favor. Hepnb. "Ob- 
sen-.'.tions on the Uevoluiions," 1791; " Re- 
m.ivks on the Leading Sentiments of Dr. Hop- 
kins's Sys'etn of Doctrines," 1794; " Summa- 
ry of Chix;ti;;n Faiih andPrac;ice," 1768; and 
many oceas. discourses. In 1761 he assisted 
Col. BlancliarJ in delineating a map of K.H. 

Langdon, Wooubckv, bio. of John. 
Member o' the O.d Congress 1779-80; judge 
Oi'ilic Snpre:uc Court of A'.H. 1732 aaj 17ofi- 



90; councillor 1781-4; b. Portsrajuth, N.H. 
1739 ; d. there 13 Jan. 1305. 

Lanmaa, Chakles, author, b. Monroe, 
Mieh., June 14, 1819. Grandson of Judge 
James. Educated at Plainiield Acad., Ct. 
Was 10 yeara in a conntin^r-house in N. York, 
and then engaged in literary pui-suils. In 1846 
he edi: d the Monroe GaMti;, and later wa.s as- 
soc. editor of the Cincinnati Chronide. In 1847 
ho was conne:_-ted with the N. Y. Express. He 
was some time private sec. to Daniel Webster; 
became librarian of the war d.pt. at Wiishing- 
toa in 1849 ; of the copyright bureau of the 
state dcpt. in 1857 ; and of the h. of represen- 
tatives in 1860. He has pub. "Essays for Sum- 
mer Hours," 1842; "A Summer in the Wil- 
derness," 1847 ; " A Tour to the River Sngito- 
nay," 1848; "Letters from the AUegliany 
Mountaius," 1849; "Records of a Totu-ist," 
1S50; "Private Life of Daniel Webster," 
1852 ; " Adventures in the Wilds of America," 
2 vols. 1856; " Dietionary of the U. S. Con- 
gress," 6 eds. ; " Life of Wm. Woodbridgc," 
13G7; "Red Book of Michigan," 1871; con- 
tribs. to periodicals. — D:n/rkincl:. 

Lanman, James, jurist and statesman, b. 
Norwich, Ct., June 14, 1769 ; d. there Aug. 7, 
1S41. Y. C. 1783. In 1791 he was adm. to the 
bar, and settled at Norwich. From 1814 to 
1819 he was atty.-gcn. of his county; in 1818 
a member of the Const. Couv. of Ct"; in 1817 
and 1832 a merah t of the Assembly ; in 1819 
State senator; U. S. senator 1819-25; judge 
of the Superior Court and of the Court of Er- 
roi:s in Ct. 1826-9; and mayor of Norwich in 
1S31-4. His second wife was the mother of 
Park Benjamin, well known for his literary at- 
tainments. 

Lanaain, Joseph, rear-adm. U.S.N., b. Ct. 
July IS, 1810. Mid>hipin. Jan. 1, 1S25; lieut. 
Mar. 3, 1335 ; com. S"pt. 14, 1355 ; capt. 1861 ; 
conimo. Aug. 29, 1362; rear-adm. Dec. 1867. 
Con. frigate " Minne. ota," N. Atl. block, 
squa*!., 1864-5; com. 2d division of Po eter's 
squad, at the two attacks on Fort Fisher; and 
com. S. Atl. squad., coast of Brazil, 1869-71. 
— lluincrsi'/. 

Lansing, Jony, jurist, b. Alb. .Tan. 30, 
1754 ; d. Dec. 12, 1829. Stud, lawwith R. Yates 
in Alb. and Mr. Dnane in N.Y. He was milit. 
sec. to Gen. Schuyler early in the Revol. war, 
was afterwards 7 years in the State legisl. ; 4 
3Cars mayor of Albany ; member Old Congress 
1734-8; memberof the conv. of 1787 for con- 
sidciing the U.S. Const., which he opposed, 
leaving the convention ; commissioner in 1790 
to se'ile the Vt. coniroversy ; app. judge NY. 
Supreme Court Sept. 28, 1790; chief justice 
Fell. 15, 1798; chancellor of the Stale fn.m 
Oct. 21, I?OI, to 1SI4. 

La Perouse, John Francis G.vloup he, 
a I'rciieh navigator, of noble family, b. AIbi, 
1741 ; d. 1788. Entering the naval service 
very early, he was employed uii<ler D'Estaing in 
the Ainer.war; com. "L'Amazone"ut thesicge 
of Savannah, in Sept. 1779; present at the 
liikiug of Granada; and in 1732 destroyed the 
English factories in Hudson's Bay. Subse- 
qucniiy sent on a voyage of d;scovery. he visited 
Uie N. W coast of Ainer. to Bcbring's Straits 
leached Botany Bay and New Holland in Feb 



T^A.S 



|788; Bcnt home an account of liit )>ro;;ros.< in 
Mar. 1788 ; and was never nlterwanl lieaiil 
from. An expeil. under D'Knireeasieaux in 
17'JI failed todizicover any traecn of him ; but il 
hai) since liven satisfactorily seltlol that hissliips 
were wrecked on ishinds of the New llebriilea. 
Am account of his voyogcs wos jmli. 4 vols. 
4io. l7'.tT. 

Lapham, I.'-cREASE Allen. LL.D. (Amh; 
Coll. l^Gil). naturalist, b. Palmyra, N.Y., Mar. 
7, 1811. Becoming a civil engineer, he was en- 
laced on the Welland Canal in Canada, on the 
Miami Canal, (>., nud on the canal around the 
fulls of (lie Ohio at Louisville. Mere, in IS27, 
he wrote a " Notice of the Louisville Canal 
and of the Geology of the Vicinity," puh. in 
Sillininn's Jonnml. Sec. of the (.). Hoard of in- 
nal commiss. 1833-5. He here began the coll. 
of his .herbarium, now numbering ab. 8.U()<) 
species; and was one of a com. ap|i. by ili6 
O. Icgisl. to report on the subject of a gcol. 
Bur^■ey of the State. In 18)6 lie remuved to 
Milwankie, where he has since resi led, and has 
held several municipal and other oflices. In 
1846 he pub. " \Vi-consin, its Ucography and 
Tonography, History, Geology, and >Iineralo- 
ey, 2d cd.'; and in 1855 n gcol. map of Wis., 
also his " Antiqni;ies of Wisconsin," in the 
7th vol. of Smithsonian " Contributions." lie 
ha.i contrib. much to scientilie periodicals, and 
was the (irst to ascertain from careful observa- 
tions that there is a slight lunar tide on Luke 
.Michigan. Prcs. of the Wis. Hist. Soc. since 
1 S02. 

liarcom, Locv, |x)Ct, b. Ms. 1826. She 
was for some years a factory operative nt 
Lowell, and while there contrib. to " The 
I-owell Offrring." She was subsequently n 
teacher in III., and is now one of the editors of 
Oni- Youiiq Folks. Ai'tlior of " Bix-athings of 
a Better l.ile," Boston, 1866; " Poems," 1868. 
Ue-idis at Beverly Farms. 

Ijardner, J.vmes L., rear-adm. U.S.N., b. 
P:i. Mul-bipm. Julv 28, 1820; lieut. .May 17, 
1828; com.Nov.21,"l851 ; c.ipt. .May 19. 1861; 
corarao. July 16, 1862; rear-adm. (retired list) 
vuly 25, I8C6. Com. schooner " Porpoise," 
coast of Africa, 1850-3 ; sloo|)-of-war " l)alc," 
185); com. stcainfrigatc " Sustlucliunna," at 
llie laptnrcof Port Rovai, Nov. 7, 1861 ; com. 
K.tJulf block, squad. 1862 ; W.I. souad. 1864. 
Now gi)V. Pbila. Naval .Asylum. — lltmiTsti). 

Larnod, Col. Simon, RcvoI. officer, b. 
Thomp^o^, Ct., 1754: d. Pillsfield. .Ms., Nov. 
9,1817. Settled in Piitsfield in 1784. M.C. 
1804-5; col. 9th U.S. Inf. from 1812 to 1815; 
eheiilTof Berkshire Co. 

Larned, Sylvester, Pa'sb. el rgvman.b. 
Piiislield, .Ms., Aug. .11. 1796; d. N. 'Orleans, 
Aug. .11, 1820. Mid. Coll. 181. r Son of Col. 
Simon. He studied theology at Princeton ; onl. 
in July, 1817. In the following autumn ho 
proceeded to N. Orleans, by way of Oetroi^, 
Louisville, and the Mpi. liiver, preaching with 
r.ire clmiiieiice on his way, nnil making such a 
piiwvrlnl impression in that city, that u church 
was soiiu organised, over which he was settled ; 
but in the summer of 1820 be was carried oil by 
till' yellow-fever. A memoir of his life, with a 
coll. of his serinoiis, was pub. in 1844 bv Itev. 
n. 1!. G.irley. 



Lartigue. JvMi;s, D.D., n c. bishop of 

Montreal, b. there June 20, 1777; d. Apr. 19, 
1S40. Consi'c Jan. 21, 1821. Feb. 1, 1820, 
made suffragan of QuelK-c, and bi«hop of Fcl 
messa in Lycia. lie took a vigorous stand in 
1837 against Papineau and the revolutionists. 
La Salle, Rouert C.welier, sieur dc, • 
Frvnch explorer, b. Rouen, 22 Nov. 1 64^1 ; d. Te.\- 
as. Mar 20, 1687. He renounced his inherit- 
ance by Joining the Jesuits, but, obtaining his 
diiw-hurgc, ab. 1667 embarked for Canada. A> 
a fur-trader at La Chine (which he so named 
friiin a cherished proji'it of s' eking by way of 
Canada a |>assage to China), he explored Lake 
Ontario, visited thencighlioring In, linns, csiiib- 
lished |K)sts on the up|icr waters of the St. 
Lawrence, and was intrusted by Gov. Fronte- 
nae with the fort where the ciiv of Kingston 
now stands. On returning to I ranee in 1675, 
he obtained the rank of nobility, and the grunt 
of a large domain around Fort Frontenac, and 
of the exclusive traffic with the Five Nations. 
He returned from another visit to France. July 
14, 1678, with .10 mechunirs and mariners ; es- 
tablished a trading-house at Niagara/ and Aug. 
7, 1679. embarked with his colony in "The 
Griffin " 60 tons, on the Niagara River, for the 
valley of the Mpi. Reaching Green B:iy Sept. 
2, he sent back his bark with a cargo of rich 
furs, with orders lo n'tnrn immediately. Pro- 
ceeding with his company in canoes, he formed 
an alliance with the Illinois Indians on the 
hanks of Lake Peoria, 1,500 miles from the 
nearest French settlement, and hiiilt a fort, 
which, on account of his anxiety for" The Grif- 
fin," and the di.^content of his company, he 
named CrevectEur (heartbreak). In March, 
1080, he relumed on foot to I'lOiitenae, and 
learned of the shipwreck of " The (iiilBn "and 
of another ship, wbieli had been despatched 
with resources lor him from Kranec. Collect- 
ing his scattered followers. Feb. 6, 1682, he 
descended the Illinois to its junction with the 
Mpi. He built a fort near the mouth of ilio 
Ohio, and a cabin on the first Chickasaw bliifT; 
i'ai.<ed the cross by the Arkansas; planted the 
arms of France near the Gulf of Mexico ; took 
possession, in the name of France, of the whole 
valley ; and, Apr. 9. entered ihi- Gulf of Mexi- 
co, founded the fort of St. Louis, and gave to 
the adjacx-nt Joiids the name of Louisiana. lie 
returned toQuel)cc in Nov 1683. and embarked 
for France, where he i> ccivcil a commission pla- 
cing the ciiuniry from Fort St. L<iuis to New 
Biscav under his control. An ex|Hvl. for the 
colonization of La. with 4 vessels and 280 per- 
sons left Rocheforl Aug. I, 1684; but dissen- 
sions at on< e arose between La Sullc and the 
naval com. Beaiijeu. Missing the mouth of 
the Mpi. he disembarked in Matagorda Uav, 
losing ino>t of his munitions in a gale. Sick- 
ness and other c.iuses having rediuvd their 
nninlKr to 37, he determine<l, Jan. 12, 1687, lo 
seek by land the Illinois country, and thence 
to imss lo Canada. He set out with 16 men, 
and re.iched a branch of the Trinity River. 
Here the malignity of two men. Dubant and 
rArcheveqiie, who had embarked their capital 
in the enterprise, found opportunity lor gr.itift- 
cation. They quarrelled with ami murdered 
his nephew, and Irom nn ambush shot I.a Salle 



1L.A.S 



529 



L^XJ 



ilonO. — Sue. 3femo'r in Smr/cs's Amei\ Bioy. 
vol. i. 2(1 series; French's /list. Colh. La. v. 

Las Casas, see (".vs\s. 

Latham, Miltox S.. statesman, h. Coltim- 
luiN <»., May 23, 1827. Jeff. Coll., Pa., 1845. 
He went to Ala. ; stmlicd law, and was clerk 
of llie Uiissell Co. Circuit Court in I848-.50; 
re:n.ivoil to C.il. ; was e^crk of the recorder's 
court of San Francisco ; dist.-atty. of Sacr.i- 
nuntoand El Doiadn connticsin 1850-1; M.C. 
18.")'!-5; collecior of San Francisco 185.5-7; 
gov. of Cal. in 18G0; U.S. .senator 1S61-7. 

Lathroa, Jonx, D.l). (H. U. I768; 
K<liiil>. 1785), A.A.S., minister of Boston, 
I). Norwich, Cl , Mav 17, 174U; d. Boston, 
Jan. 4, 1816. N. J. Coll. I 763 Oreat-prrand- 
s^m of John, minister of Seltnate atid Barn- 
staWe 1634-53. He assisted Wlieelock in his 
Indi in school at Lebanon, and was ord. May 
18, 1768, at the Old .N'orili Chnrcli, Boston. 
In 1779, his society havin;; utiitcd with Dr. 
Peinhcrton's, he hecame pastor of the Second 
Chnrcli. He was an officer of many literary 
and charitable societies, and pub. some occa- 
sional sermons. 

Lathrop, Johx, poet, h. Boston, .Ian. 13, 
I77J; d. Georgetown, D.C, Jan. 30, 1820. 
H.U. 17?9. Son of tlie preceding. Hecstab- 
lished himself in the practice of lawat Dedham, 
Ms., in 1797, hut soon located himself in Boston, 
where he found eon'.ieiiial spirits in Paine, 
Prentiss, and other ]joets and wits of the day, 
contriliuting with them to tlie Federal Boston 
Gmrtle. The indulgence of his literary tastes 
interfered with his surcess in the law ; and in 
1799, in the hope of itn|)roving his fortunes, he 
went to India. He cstabli>lied a school in 
Calcutta, and contrib. to the papers. Return- 
ing in 1809, when politics ran high, his plan 
of establishing a literary journal was neces- 
sarily abandoned. He tauglit a school in 
Boston several years; wrote for the papers; 
lectured on natural philos., and furnished songs 
atul o.aiions for festive and Masonic occasions. 
Kemoving to the South, he continued his prof, 
of instructor, lecturer, and ncwsjianer-wriicr 
in Washington and Georgetown, D.C., and 
obtained a situation in the po^t office, which 
his shatieied health did not long permit him to 
occupy. He pub. an oration, July 4, 1796, at 
Boston, another at Dedham, 4 Jufy, 1793; a 
Masonic address at Charlestown, June 24, 
1811 ; " Speech of Cnnouiius," a poiin, Cal- 
cntia, 1802, and Boston, 1803 ; " Po.kei Regis- 
ter and Freemason's Anthology," 1813. 

Lathrop, John Hiham, "LL.D. I Ham. 
Coh. 1845), educator, b. Sherburne, N.Y., Jan. 
22, 1799; d. Columbia, Mo., Aug 2, 1866. 
y C. 1819. Tutor 1822-6. Adm. to the bar 
in 1326; he was connected with the Norwich 
Miiilary Acad, in 1827; was principal of the 
Gardiner, Me., Lyceum two years; was prof, 
of math, and nal. philos. in Ham. Coll. in 
1829-05, and of law, history, polit. econ., and 
civil polity from 1835 to 1840 ; pres. of the U. 
of .Mo. Irom 1S40 to Sept. 1849; chancellor 
of the U. of Wis. from (). t. 1849 to 1859; 
pies, of the Ind. U. in 1859-60 ; prof, of Eng- 
lish Lit. in the U. of Columbia, Mo., in 186(1- 
2 : and from 1865 till his death pres. of that 
institution. — F. C. Ob. Record. 



Lathrop, Joseph, D.D. (TO. 1791), 
clergvman, h. Norwich, Ct., Oct. 20. 1731 ; d. 
W. SpiingHeld, .Ms, Dec. 31, 1820. Y.C. 
17.54. While engaged in teaching school at 
Springfield, he studied theology ; was licensed, 
and Aug. 25, 1756, ord. pastor of the Cong, 
chnrcli in W. Springfield, where he continued 
to preach until, in Mar. 1818, he received a col- 
league. For nearly 3 years ill health kept him 
from the pulpit ; an. I an impostor named John 
Watkins intruded into his parish, eau'in.' such 
di.sturbance as led him to preach his celebrated 
sermons. entitled "Wolves in Sheep's Cloth- 
ing," which have been widely circulated here 
and in Great Britain. In 1792 he was elected 
a fellow of the Acad, of Arts and Sciences; 
in 1793 he declined an invitation to the chair 
of divinity in Y.C. His sermons were simple, 
clear, and original. On account of his great 
reputation for practical wisdom, he was often 
called a]ion to settle cedes, difficulties. His 
works in 7 vols, contain his Autobiography and 
pulpit discourses. He jmb. "A Mi.seelhiiieous 
Collretion of Original Pieces," &c., 1786. 

Lathrop, Capt.Tho.mas; killed in battle 
with the Indians near Dcerfield, Ms., Sept. 18, 
1675, in Philip's war. He was a freeman of 
Salem 1634; reprcs. 1647, '53, and '04; re- 
moved to Beverly, and founded a church there, 
and was representative 4 years. 

Latimer, William K., commo. U.S.N., 
h. Sid. Widshipm. Nov. 15, 1809 ; lieut Feb. 
4, 1815; com. War. 2, 1833; capt. Julv 17, 
1843; commo. (retired list) July Ifi. '1862. 
Com. schooner" Grampus," W.I. squad., 1827- 
30; steamer "Poinsett," 1840; frigate ■Cum- 
berland," Medit. squad., 1850-1. — Homers/)/. 

Latrobe, Benjamin liENBY, arc'aitect, b. 
York liire, Eng., May 1, 1707; d. Sept. 1820. 
His father, a Moravian clergyman and author, 
had him carefully educated at the Leipsic U. 
In 1 785 h.> served a campaign in the Prcssian 
service, and was sev' rely wounded ; he resigii'.d ; 
travelled -over Europe; returned to England in 
1780; bi;came an architect; and iu IVoS was 
survevor of the public otiiccs of Loud. Losing 
his wife, he came for chanje of scnc to Xor- 
fo'k, Va., in Mar. 1706; went to Pliila. in 1798; 
built tlie Bank of Pa., the Schuy.kill Water- 
works, completed the Capitol at Washington; 
engaged in bnilding s'eamboats at Pittsuurg in 
1815 ; rebuilt the Capitol, whi h had be.n burn- 
ed liy the British; built the Cath-dral :',ud the 
Exchange at B.vltimore in 1817-13; and, en- 
gaging in the scheme of supplying N. Ur.eans 
with water, in 1819 fell a victim to m i ariotis 
disease. He pub. "Anniv. Oration beibre the 
Soe. of Artists of the U.S., 8 May, 1811," Phi.a. 

Latta, A. B., inventor of the sie.im (iiv-tn- 
giue, b. 1821 ; d. Ludlow, Ky., 30 A r. 1865. 

Lattitner, Henry, M.D., patriot ot' the 
Revol., b. Newport, Del., April 24, 1752; d. 
Phila. Dec. 19, 1819. Ho studied medicine at 
Phila. and at Edinburgh ; and jiracriscd on his 
return until 1777, when, with Dr. Jaims Til- 
ton, he was a'i;i. surgeon of the flying lio-;iital. 
After the war, h- r.'tnrni'd home, and re-seni'd 
practice, but quitted it in 1794. M'uibcrof llio 
State Icgisl.; M.C. in 1793-5; and U.S. sen> 
tor in 1795-1801. 

Lauderdale, James, col., b. Va. ; killed 



L^A.T7 



:30 



I^jVIT 



Dic. 23, ISM, ill the first UttU- of N. Hrloans. 
liaviiis ixiuovoj to Wc^t Tciin., Iir I" came 
major in CorKt;'s rvjit. vol. cav. iu ISl.l; liour.- 
coi. in bi> brii^di- of iuoinit»l ^'UiiiiK'n ; was 
wouikIi-U in the batt'.i- oi" 'fuliaiUjra with Civrk 
Indiaim, und r &n. J.u-knuQ, Nor. 9, ISI3; 
col. uu>ii T Jjcl.si>n in 1814. — (innlixr. 

X<aucloDnierei Iti xt: Goilaine de, a 

FrumU i-x|plur, r ot' I'liTiJa. Adui. C'oli;niy, 
b.vinii i:i IJiil fonnid ilie d.«ii,'n "f loandiii;: 
a Prot. culony in AniiT., kdi fi\iin Dii'pui' (15 
Feb. 156:;) im txind. umlir Kil.ault and Lau- 
donuiorp, wboac tii-5t sottloracnt al Port Itoyal 
was, after ibiir return to Franco, al>andon«l I y 
tb.' i-olonustj. Apr. i J, 1 564, Laudonniori' »uK-U 
with 3 ahi|is «iib a~«istanco for tlu- coKmy. 
Uo landed at ibv harbor now known as 8t. 
Augiistino; aft^nvanla coasl<-<] to the north; 
and, int rin-^ the River St. John's, called by 
him tho River Mary, built Fort Carolioe on 
i.a l«nUs. Sept. 1*0, 1565, the Spaniard-S na- 
dir Alencndci, ent> red the fort at daylirvak, 
and put ibe jjarri.-on to the swonl. A few 
escaped by lli^ht, amon;; thcni Laudoiiniere, 
wba«e account of the atlUir ia in llukluyt. — 
S« also h.s Uiil. Solabie de la tioridt, ic., 
Paris, 15S6. 

LaunitZ, Rodebt E., ecniptor, b. Ros- 
si j, 1806; d. X. Y. City, 12 Dec. 1870. He 
caine to the U. S. in 1*jO, and wi.s at one time 
guartcnuast'T and c.nt. o; in^in.-ers in the 7th 
N. Y. n^t. Among his works are the Pulai-ki 
Uonunieut, Savaun..h, Ga., and the >ta.ue of 
G\n. Tb>>ma.~, now in Truy; al.<o many fine 
luouum :iC3 ia Gr.-cnwood C.nic.ery. 

ljJ.'arons, LLenbt, i»talu^inan, b. Charles- 
ton, S.C., 17J4 ; d. there Dec. 8, 1792. lli- an- 
c^-s.or,-; Were lIu;.-ucnot,<. After avcivinj; a ^:0od 
cdi'.eaiion, h ' wj3 sent to London to lit bim- 
».li lor comaicrcial pursiiit^. Ou bi.« n lura he 
cn.ercd into bu-inces, and, bv hi:* industry and 
activity, aniuired an ample fortune. A s;urdy 
op[A>nt.u: of ibi' al<u»-s of power, his i'onle;>ts 
with the crown jnd^TS were frpiinent, es]>eciaUr 
in respi-c; to their arbitmry deiisioii.'* in marine 
law and the Courts of Adinindty ; tmd bis |)am- 
phiets gave ri'm.-.rkable proof of legal ability. 
He h 111 a i-omiuisoion in one of tue Cherokee 
Citmpai;;n-, and I, ft u di.iry of the expcd. in 
MS. Ha\in;,' RUritl from business, he went in 
1771 to Luro|K in ordcrtosuixTiniend ihceilu- 
caiion of hi. ^ous, and made the tour of Gre;kt 
Britain. With several other Am. rieans, he 
endeavored in 1774 by petitioti to dissuade par- 
liament th'm )>:;8.'-iug toe Boston Port Bill, and 
cxi rted liiui.-i';f to pn.-v< nt a war. He arrivid 
in Chorl ■>ion in IJee. 1774 ; was chosen pnfl. 
of the couneil of ^aJ'ety and of the Prov. Con- 
gress, an I iu 1776 a delegate to the Gen. Con- 
gress ; and wa- pre*, of thjit body 1 Nov. 1777- 
10 Dec. 1775. In 1779 be recfiveil the app. of 
niiui-ter-pKnipo. to nullauil. On his way he 
was e3p!i:r-l V\ the British, carriol to Load., 
and >■' :!ii' Tower, where be was 

elo?. I lion' than 14 months. In 

IXv. 1 " ;■. by Congr ss one of the 

comin ■ - ■ ; .-mil, having re- 

pir : ■ \ .V. .30, 1782). with 

Fr.i' iiinariisofth tn-a- 

i.i. il .->'k.n bv his impri^ 

-uuuiuitj uiii iae }«u.»ed the reinainmg yean of 



his life in agric. punniis. Aceording to in in- 
junelion eontaimtl in hUvill, bU b»<ly was 
fii.mt.and bLi U>ne> collivted and burial. Ue 
b ft nuiiierous origiiud and valuabb iiaprn:, • 
[loriion of whieh hiive been pub. in tnc Coll>. 
of the S. C. Uist Soci.ty. 

Laurens, J>'ii>. u bmve Revol. oflJerr b. 
I7JI ; d. Aug. 27, 1782. Son of Henry. Af- 
ter receiving a lilwruleiliicaiion in Kn^'lund, he 
returni*d to (his country, and joincil the nrmy 
in 1777 as an aide of \Va>hingion. and wiii 
Insiuenily his see. Ijiunn^ reipiited ibo pref- 
er" nee uf Washington with siiiirre ilevufiitn ; 
toik-tl in hi!< tent till uiidniL'bt, writing letleis 
and dopntehes ; was bi> ebiof medium of coni- 
muiiicaiion with the lorei;;ner>. Fn-fi:b. (icr- 
muii, and Poli-h, in iheM-rvice : rush< dheiwein 
him und danger at Monniou:h ; and culle<l nut 
and shot Gen. Charles Ix-c in a dnel tor ilis- 
re»(Hetlul languiip' lo his general. His fii^l 
es.snv in anns wa> ui Bramlywine. A I the 
biiiilc of (!ermanto»n be < xbibiled pn digits 
of valor in atieiupiirg to cx^icl the Urilirh 
from Chew's honse, and was severely wiiuniled. 
Al Co<isiihalcbie, delendiiig the pas'- wi:b n 
handful of men a;niust the nholc fone of 
Picvost, he wiis again wounded, lie luadeil 
the light iiif, and was among ille first to 
mounfihe British lino al Sav;innali ; displaMd 
ibe gaati^l activity and courage during the 
siegi' of Charleston ; entere<l with I .e forlorn 
h"pe the British redoubt carried by storm al 
Yorklown. and reoived the sword of the com- 
manJcr; by indefiiii;:ablc aciiriiy ibw.-irted 
every efl'ort of the Biiti-b gariison'iii Char <»- 
ton, coiitiiiing them k<r months to the natrow 
limits of llie i ity and neck ; and, unhappily, at 
the very elos« of the war. loo carelessly expos- 
ing biniM;If in a trifling skirmish near Comlw- 
bee, Seidell bis devotion to his couniry ill ileaih. 
In the autumn of 1780 be wms sent as a spe<'ial 
minister lo France to negotiate a loan from the 
French. His success in this niis-iun. wliii !i 
wasot great service lo bis counlry. was due lo 
his htildness and address. I.,ni'irens's Army 
Corrrsp., with Memoir by \Vilii:im Giliiiorc 
Siintns, was printed in 1867 for the Bnt'Lord 
Clob. NY. 

Lauzun, Abmam> Ix>t'is de CortT.tLT, 
duke dc. nlter«ard> Duke de Biron, l>. Paris, 
.\pril 15. 1747; d. Die. 31, 1793. In conse- 
quence of a memoir which he bad pub on 
'• L'E'.iit lie f'-Jnif ilr rAm/lelrnr." Ac . be was 
cbargvil with an exju'd. against Sem-g^d and 
G.inibia on the Alrican coast, whieh lie r:i|>. 
tund Jan .30, 1779. Grvatiy n-dnc»<l in bis 
pi-euniary reM>iiires in eotiM.*qui lu-e i.f >I.*-);.ii- 
tion, he Itnik llie resolution •<! i 

the American war. He made b ' i 

by bis valor and bis cliiralroii-i • 

than by bis eleg-ant figure and app .itim > id 
with bis com., known ii> " Laniun's Lc;;ion." 
be took part in the >ie;;e of YorkMwn He 
was an ai*compHshed. but an i\ 
solute and unprinciplol man 
m. ..<.fc- to ibe States-(!eneral. 
iH'ntidant and si-crel a^'iil of I 
i;i ii.in-eliief of tlie Aiiiiy of ill 
17'J2; com. of ihc Annv of ■ i 

Koihelle, May I.V 1793'; he .., , .- 

cliar^ lo llie cum. of aafciy, who reiuscd, b|^ 



LA-V 



531 



pcfllin;; to his pairiotism. He took Siiumur; 
liefeiital ilic Vcnilcans under the walls of I'ar- 
ttionay. ami insisted anew on his dismission. 
This irritated the committee, who sent him to 
the guillotine, where he manifested gnat in- 
tiepidiiy. 

Laval, FnAXi,'Oi9 i>E Montmorency, 
hi-hoji of Queliec, 1). Laval, France, March 23, 
1G22"; (I. Qnehec, May 6, 170S. Ord. priest at 
I'aris, Sept. 23, 164.t; heeamc archdeacon of 
Kvreux 1633 ; hishop of Petrea and vicar apos- 
toliqneof New France, Jiilv 3, le.iS; and bishop 
of Quebec from Oct. 1G74, to Jan. 24, I6SS, 
when he resigned. He arrived al Quebec, June 
ID, 16.19 ; founded the Sem. of Qncbec, March 
26, 1663; consecrated the Parochial Church of 
Quebec, Julv 11, 1666 ; and returned to Franco 
in 1674. lii the spring of 1688 he retired to 
his sem.. to which he made over the whole of 
his cfTccts. He exercised a powerful influence 
upon the civil as well as the ecclesia.-tical affairs 
of the colony, making and unmaking its gov- 
ernors at will. — Moiyan. 

Iiaval, Col. J.iciNT ; d. Harper's Ferry, 
Va.. Sept. 2. IS22, a. ab. 60. He came to this 
coin try in Rochambeau's army as a cornet of 
dragoons ; was sub.sequently sheriff of Charles- 
ton, S.C. ; was app. capt. of dragoons U.S.A., 
Mav .1, 1808; maior, Feb. l.i, l!-09 ; lieut.-col. 
{1st Li;;ht Dragoons) June 1, 1813; col. Aug. 
1, 181'!; afterwards military storekeeper till 
his death. 

Laval, MOXTMOREXCT M.\TIIIEn Padl 
Louis, vicomte de, afterwards due de, b. 
1748; d. Paris, Mar. 1817. Son of Marshal 
Montmorency. Com. in America, under llo- 
charubeau the regt. d'Anvergne, remarkable for 
thescvcrity of its discipline. His son, M.ithieu 
Jean Felicite L.^val Mont-mokencv, due 
de, who sci-vcd under his father's orders in 
America, was wounded in the naval action be- 
tween Graves and Oestouches near Chesapeake 
Bav, 1781 ; became in 1821 minister of foreign 
affairs, and d. in 1826, a. 59. 

Lavalette, Elie a. F., rear-adm. D.S.N., 
h. Va. 178!>; d. Phila. Nov. 19, 1862. App. 
sailing-n)aster U.S.N. June 25, 1812; lieut. 
Dee. 9, 1814 ; com. Mar. 3, 1831 ; capt. Feb. 
23, 1840; and retired as rear-adui. July 31, 
1862. SctTcd under Macdonough on Lake 
Champlain, Sept. 11, 1814; under Com. 
Shuhnck in capturing Mexican towns on the 
GulfofCal. ; and was disting. at the capture 
of Giiaymos, O.t. 20, 1847. 

Lavialle, Pierre Joseph, 1?.C. bishop of 
Loui>viilc, b. Mauriac, France, 1820 ; d. near 
Bardstown, Ky., May 11, 1867. At the age of 
23 be came to the U.S. ; was ord. priest, and 
officiated one year in New York, when he was 
made prof, of theology in St. Mary's Coll., 
Lebanon, Ky. From 1855 to 1865 he was 
pres. of the coll.; and Sept. 24, 1865, was 
consee. bishop of Louisville. He founded 
several new educational and benevolent insti- 
tutions. 

Law, Kev. Andri;w, 40 years a music- 
teacher; d. Cheshire, Ct., Jufy, 1821, a. 73. 
Brown U. 1775. He invented 4 characters to 
express always the 4 syllables of music; pub. 
" Kudiments'of Music," 1763; '■The Art of 
Singiug," in 3 parts, 1803; "Musical Maga- 



zine," 1792; "Collection of nvmn-Tunes." 
1782. Law (who was author of '"■ Archdale") 
and Billings \yere the earliest known Amer. 
composers of music. — .^'cvZ/ooi/'s I/iit. Music. 

Law, Jonathan, statesman and jurist, b. 
Milford, Ct., -'Vug. 6, 1G74; d. Nov. 6, 17.">0. 
H.U. 1695. Grandson of Richard, an eminent 
lawyer of Stamford. He began the practice 
of law in Milford in 1698. In 1706 he was 
madejustice of the peace; justice of the quorum 
1710; chief judge 1714; assist from 1717 
until chosen dep.-gov. 1725; chief justice of 
the Supreme Court 1723—11 ; and gov. from 
May, 1741, until his death. 

Law, KiciiARD, LL.D. (Y.C. 1802), jurist, 
b. Milford, Ct., Mar. 17, 1733; d. New Lon- 
don, Jan. 26, 1806. Y.C. 1751. SonofGov. 
Jonathan Law. Studied law nnder Hon. Jared 
Ingersoll ; was soon after the age of 21 adui. 
to the bar at New Haven, and immediaicly set- 
tled at New London, \vhere he became highly 
disting. in his profession. Chief judge of the 
New London County Court till app. in JLiy, 
1784, to the Superior Court, of which, iu May, 
1786, he was app. chief judge; app. by Wash- 
ington dist. judge of Ct , which position he 
held until death ; member of the council from 
1776 to 1786 ; a member of Congress in 1777- 
8 and 1 781-4 ; and was mayor of New London 
from its incorporation in Mar. 1784, until he 
died. Together with Roger Sherman, he re- 
vised, soon after the return of peace, the code 
of statute laws of the State. At the bar he was 
disting. more as a learned lawyer, a close logi- 
cian, a fair special pleader, than as an eloquent 
orator. Ltkin, his son (lawyer, and M.C. 
1811-17), d. 3 Feb. 1842, a. 71. Another sun, 
Capt. Richard Law (midshipm. in the frigate 
" Trumbull ;" 1779-80, 8 j-earscoUector of the 
port of N. London ; b. there 1762), d. 19 Dec. 
1845. 

Lawrance, John, jurist and statesman, 
b. Cornw.dl, Eng , 1750; d. N.Y. Nov. 1810. 
He came to N.Y. in 1767 ; w.asadm. to the bar 
in 1772; held a commis>ion in the 1st N.Y. 
regt. in 1775 ; was aide-de-camp to his father- 
in-law. Gen. McDouguU, and to ^Yashingtou 
from Oct. 6, 1777; and afterward judge advo- 
cate at the trial of Maj. Andr^. In 1783 he 
resumcil practice in N.Y; member of the Old 
Congress 178.5-6; State senator 1789 ; M.C. 
1789-93; judge of the U.S. Dist. Court of 
N.Y. 1794-6; and U.S. senator 1796-1800, 
presiding over that body in 1798. He was a 
zealous and able defen<icr of the meaMircs of 
Washington, and was the personal and political 
friend of Hamilton. Upon the questions of 
neutrality, currency, finance, and especially 
the commercial interests of the country, he 
evinced great comprehensiveness and foresight. 

Lawrence, Abbott, LL.I). (H.U. 1854), 
an eminent ciiizen and merchant of Ms., h. 
Groton, Dec. 16, 1792; d. Boston, Aug. 18, 
1 855. Son of Sam'l ( 1 754-1 827 ), a Revol. offi- 
cer. He was educated at Groton Acad. ; went to 
Boston in 1808, and became a clerk in the dry- 
goods store of his bro Amos. Adm. a partner 
in 1814, they for many years prosecuted a very 
extensive importing business, and laiil the 
foundations of their several fortunes. He was 
the travelling partner, and visited Europe a 



LAW 



532 



nitml)tT of timos ; siibscqiienllv liwanicoTK'of 
'111- I'orumost mt'ii in hiiildini u|> Aini'iioaii 
miiniifaeliircs, ami the floiiri^liint' city uf Linv- 
reiice wns the offsprinir <>f his eiitirprisc. He 
WHS from an early period of his lifi- a zealous 
ailvocateof the protcciivc system. In 1827 he 
was a delegate to ilio Harrishiir^' convention, 
to consider the mnnufactnrinK interests of the 
country; in 18.11 ^prved in the common coun- 
cil of iJo^ton ; M C. 181J-7 and lS-i9-4l ; in 
1942 he was app. a commiss. to nrran^.'C the 
north-eastern boundary question ; minister to 
Ens- 1849-()ct. IS.-,2. He f.ninded t!ie Law- 
rence Scieniific Scliool in Ca iibrid;;e, to which 
he Rave $100,000. He established piiz'S for 
the deserving scholars of the piililie schools, 
and always gave (lenerously to churches and 
to rcli'/ioiis and charitable associations. His 
son TisioTiiY BioELOw, b. Boston, 2.3 Nov. 
1826. ll.U. l»4fi. AliarhfiW London 184!l- 
5.> ; consid-p;en. to Italv from 1 862 to his d. at 
W.isbinirton, 21 M:ir. 1869. 

Iiawrence, Amos, a philanthrojiic mer- 
chant of Uoston.b. Groton, Ms., Apr. 20, 1786; 
d. Boston, Dec. 31, 18.")2. After an academic 
education in his native town, he commenced 
bu-incss in Boston in 1807; formed a pnrtner- 
ship with his bro. AI)l>ott under the lirni of 
A. and A. Lawrence, Jan. 1, 1814, and for .39 
years was a leading member of the mercaniile 
community, acquiring a large fortune, which 
he employed in many acts of unsurpassed lib- 
erality. Besides his constant private charities, 
he gave munificentiv to the cause of education 
anil religion. To \Vras. Coll. he pave at dif- 
ferent times an aggregate of near $40,000. 
The acad. at Groton was also libcr.illy assisted 
by him. To the fund for the erection of 
Bunker-hill Monument be contributed at one 
time $10,000, and sums at other times to nciirly 
or quite an equal amount. Hi-i personal exer- 
tions did much towards awakening the spirit 
which secured its completion. He was in 1821 
a member of the State legisl. Mr. Lawrence 
was imbued with the true spirit of Chri>tian 
benevolence. Modest and unassuming in his 
deportment, his immense charities, which in 
the aggregate amounted to several hundreds of 
thousands of dollars, were noiselessly ili~penseil. 
" Kxtracis from the Diary and Corropond- 
. enee of Amos Lawrence," with a memoir by 
hi> son, \V. I{. Liiwrenie, was pub. 1855. 

Lawrence, CitAitLKS, a British gen. ; d. 
Halilax, N..S.. (Jet. 19, 1760. Made a menilicr 
<ir the council of .N.S. July 31, 1749 ; bein" 
then a major in the army. In the spring of 
17.";0 he was sent to reduce the French at 
Cliignccto ; but they burned their town, and 
retired to the woods ; in tbc'courscof the sum- 
ii>-r he returned to the attack, and erected a 
fort at the head of the Bay of Fundy, called 
Fort Lawrence. On the retirement of Gov. 
Ilopson in 1753 he administered the govt.; 
was app. lieut.-gov. 1754, and gov. in 1756. In 
Sept. 1757 he was app. a col. com. of the 60th 
regt., and brig, in Amer. Dec. 31. In Loudon's 
campaign of 1757 he com. the reserve, and at 
the siege of Louisburg, in 1758, the 2d bri- 
gade. 

Lawrence, Jameb, capt. U.S.N, b. Bur- 
lington. N. J., Oct. 1, 1781 ; d. June 5, 1813. 



His father, John Brown Liwrcnce, was a mem- 
ber of the council, a dis:i!ig. lawyer, and a lov- 
alist. James early maniicsti-d a strong predi- 
Icetion for the sea; and after the diath of his 
fatlier, who designed him for the law, he en- 
tered the navy a.s a mid.-hipniaii Sept. 4, 1798 ; 
April 6, 1802, he w;i3 promoted to lieur. ; and 
in 1803, in the schooner " Ent ■rpri.'i"," tvok a 
disting. part in the d struction ol " Tlie Pliila- 
d -Ij)]!!!, frignt:-, and in the lioinbardmen' of 
Tripoli; tranjf ircd to the fri^':.ti- "John Ad- 
ams" in 1806; promot. d to ina-t<r-com. Nov. 
3, 1810. Fe!). 24, 1813, in " The Horn -t," he 
fell in with the brig "Peacock," Capt. JVake, 
which he took alt -r an action of 15 minutes. 
She sunk before all th-: pri.<on^r-i could be re- 
moved. Capt. Mar. 4, 1813, an<l ord red to 
Boston to take com. of the fri,,'.-.te " Chesa- 
j,eake." June 1, 1813, h • sailed out of the har- 
bor, and enga'/ed tb-.; British frigate " Shan- 
non." After the sliips had cxeban:,'cd sevi ral 
broadsides, and Lawrence had be n woundi-d, 
the British lioarded, and, aftLr a di-si) -rate re- 
sistanc •-, succeeded in taking posse'.sion of the 
ship. Almost all the olliei rs of " Th ? Cli sa- 
peaKe" were eithi-r killi d or wounded. The lust 
exclamation of Liwrom-e, as they were carry- 
ing him b 'ow alter the fatal wound, was, 
" Don't give up the ship ! " " The Shannon" 
was a thoroughly diseiplined shi|i ; " The 
Ch'sapeake," on the other hand, had arrived 
at Boston 2 months before from a cruise ; and 
the men had K-en much on .shore, indul;: ing free- 
ly in dissipation. Capt. Lawrenc ■, having been 
but a few days in com., was a s ran:rer to hia 
crew, among whom some disalli^ction existed 
in coiisiiiii -nee of unpaid prize-money. 

Lawrence, .Joxath-vn, jo-t, b. X. York, 
19 Nov. 1S07; d. Apr. 26, 18.33.. Col. Coll. 
1823. He practised l;iw; but the high expecta- 
tions formed of hiui weri3 cut hhoit by his early 
death. His ^vri lings in prose and vei-sc were 
collected and pub. by liis bro. in 1833. — .See 
Onsiml.rs Potts <i:itl Potrj of' Amer. 

Lawrence, William, eol. U.S.A., b. Cal- 
vert Co., Md.; d. Wa liiiigtm.D.C, J.tn. 1841. 
Entering the 4th Inf .Tune 8, ISOl, hew.ia adj. 
Jan. 1807; capt. Jan. 1310; maj. 2d luf Apr. 
1814 ; brev. lieut.-iol. fur def-ni of Fort Bow- 
yer, Sept. li>, 1814; a-r.-iin attacked in Fib. 
1815, badly wounded, and eompell d to surren- 
der; li-ut.tol. Slav, 1818; col. 5th Inf. Aug. 
1828; resigned July, 1831. 

Lawrence, William, jurist .ind politi- 
cian, b. Mt. Plea-sant, Ohio, June 26, 1819. 
Frankl. Coll., 0., 1833; Cin. Law Schoo', 1840. 
He rose to distinction at the bar of JIi Conilels- 
ville, but snl-sequently settled at Bellefontaine, 
where he had an extensive praesi e. Prosec. 
atty. for Logan Co. 1845; editor and proprie- 
tor of the I/ogan Gazette 1845-7 ; State repre- 
sentative 1847-9; State senator 1849-51 and 
'54-5, whcr • he nidvocatcd and cirri d bills to 
quii-t land litU-s and for the establishment of a 
K-t'orm School ; rejiorter of the O. Sun. Court 
1851, and lompiled vol. xx. Ohio Uejiorts; 
judge C.C.P. 1856-64; M.C. 1865-71. Sened 
as col. 84th O. regt. at Cnmberland and New 
Creek in 1862. Author of the Free Banking 
Law of Ohio; and has pn-pari d a work on 
the " Ohio Civil Code," and on the " Law of 



Interest imil U.Hiry." H':; at one time edited the 
lVist''r.t Law Moiilhhj. 

Lawrence, William Beach, LL.D., au- 
thor, b. New York, Oct 23, 1800. Col. Coll. 
1818 After a course of legal and hi.st. study 
at Pans, he became a counsellor of the NY. 
Sup. Court ia 1823; sec. of legation, at Lond 
1825; rhai-./d d'affaires 1327-8; licut.-gov. of 
it.I. 1851-2; and for a portion of the time gov. 
of the State. Author Oi' an " Address bef. the 
N.Y. Academy of Fine Arts," 1826; translar 
tion of Marboi-' Hist, of La., with E.;say and 
Notes, 1330; "Discourse bef. the N.Y. Hist. 
Soc," 1332, and OiUcr papers in the "Proceed- 
ing-s " of the society, of which he was vicc-pres. 
in^l83G— 45; "Two Li^etuiMS on Polit. Econo- 
my," 1332; "Bank of the U.S.," 1831 ; "In- 
qiiiry into th-; Causes of the Public Distress," 
N.Y. 1334; "Discourses and Reviews on Po- 
lit. Economy," 8vo, 1834 ; " History of the 
North-eastern Boundary Negotiations," 1841 ; 
" M-moir of Albert Gallatin," 1843; "The 
Coloni/.ation and Sub3i;quent History of New 
Jersey," 1843; " TheLawof Ch.iritalilc Uses," 
N.Y." 1845; Lives of Reuben H. Walcot and 
Charles O'Connor, 1848; "Maine Law Speech 
in the R. I. Senate," 1S52; "Visitation and 
Search," 1858; an ed. of Wheatou's "Intern. 
Law, with Addit. Notes," &c., Boston, 1855. 
Coniri;). to many journals and periodicals. — 
Alliho-K. 

Lawson, James, author and editor, b. 
Glasgow, Scotland, Nov. 9, 1799. U. of Glas- 
gow." II; came to America at the close of 1815, 
and catered the counting-house of a maternal 
uncle at N.Y. He wrote for the N. Y. fjterurj 
G latle ; was associate ediior of the Moniiiia 
Co'iKer (1827-9), and also of the Mercantile 
A'hi'rtiser (.1829-33). He has since pursued 
tlie business of marine insurance in New York. 
Hi; publications are " Talcs and Sketches by a 
Cosmopolite," 1830; and "Giordano," atrage- 
dy, first performed at the Park Theatre, Nov. 
1823; eontrib. of criticism, essays, tales, and 
vcrsj to the periodicals of the day ; and has 
been much connected with the drama in N.Y. — 
Diiftiaft. 

Lawson, John, survcyor-gcn. and histori- 
an, I). Srotland; burned at the stake by the Indi- 
an t of N.C. 1712. Hi began his surveys in 
i;00; and was an intelligent observer, enter- 
prising and circumspect, but fell a victim to 
the j'alousy of th". natives. He w.as taken by 
theui duriii.,' one of his explorations, when in 
com])any with l)e Grailenried, a Swiss baron, 
wiio contemplated colonization. The latter was 
porniitt -d lo purchase freedom. He left a val- 
uable history of the Carolinas, entitled "A 
New Voyage to Carolina, containing the Ex- 
act Description and Natural History of that 
Countrv," &c., pub. London, 1709, 4to, and 
UUeigli, 12mo, 1860. 

Lav7S0n, Gen. RoBEnr, Revol. officer; d. 
Richmond, Va.. Apr. 1805. Major 4th Va. 
re,'t. 13 Fell. 1776; col. in 1777; and com. a 
bri'-adeof Va. militia under Gre<!ne at the bat- 
tle uf Gnilford. — sVr-A'./t. lulJI. Oct. 27, 1802. 
Lawson, Thomas, brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., 
b. -Va. App. surgeon's mate U.S.X. March 1, 
1803; surgeon 6th Inf. May, 1813; surgcon- 
^'(•n. (rank of col.) Nov. 30, 1836 ; lieut.-col. of 



P. F. Smith's regt. of La. vols, in Fla. war, 
1837; and com. a baft. N.Y. and Pa. vols, till 
May, 1838; brev. brig.-gen "for meriiorious 
conduct" in the Mexican war. May 30, 1848. 
Author of " Report on Sickness and Mortality 
U.S.A. 1819-39," 8vo, 1840; "Meteorological 
Register 1826-30, and Appendix for 1822-5," 
8vo, Phila. 1840. 

Lawton, Alexandeb Robert, gemral 
C.S.A., b. S.C. ab. 1820. West Point, 18."<J ; 
Camb. Law School, 1842. Entering the 1st 
Art., he resigned Dec. 31, 1840; adm. to the 
bar at Savannah in 1842; and became col. in 
the State militia. In 1849-54 he was pres. of 
the Savannah and Augusta Railroad ; member 
Ga. legisl. 1855-6; State_ senator 1854-61; 
pres. Ga. Democ. convention 1800. In I8G1 
he entered the service of Ga. ; but \tas subse- 
quently transferred to the Conl'ed. army, in 
which he was made brig.-gen. 

Lay, Benjamin, a benevolent and eccen- 
tric Quaker, b. Eng. 1681 ; d. Abington, Pa., 
17G0. Bred to the sea. He settled in Barb.a- 
docs ab. 1710; but became obno.xious to the 
inhabitants by his condemnation of slave-own- 
ing ; left the island, and settled at Abington, 
near Phila. In 1737 ho wrote a treatise entitled 
" All Slave-Keepers th.at keep the Innocent in 
Bondage Apostates." It was jirinted by Frank- 
lin, who told the author that it was deficient 
in arrangement. " It is no matter," said Mr. 
Lay, " irrint any part thou plcasest first." 
Temperate in his diet, he declaimed against the 
introduction of tea as a pernicious herb. He 
distributed religious books as prizes to school- 
children, also im]iariing to them advice and in- 
struction. All his clothes were manufactured 
by himself. His bold, determined, and uniform 
re]irehension of slavery, in defiance of public 
opinion, docs him the highest honor. — Sro. 
llisli's Essai/s, and M'Uarton's Notes on the Lit. 
of Pa. 

Laye, Francis, a British gen. of art. ; d. 
Newcastlc-on-Tvue, Jan. 29, 1828. A llcut. of 
art., he was ord"cred to N. York in 1773; was 
wounded at Bunker's Hill ; was in the battles 
of Long Island, White Plains, Fort Washing- 
ton, Brandywine, Germantown, Monmouth, 
and in Gen. Leslie's exped. to Va. Joining 
Lord Rawdon, he was severely wounded at 
Camden ; received the special thanks of that 
officer, and was ordered home. He com. the 
art. in the West Indies in 1800 ; and served in 
the capture of tlie islands by the exped. uuder 
Admiral Duckworth and Gen. Trigge. 

Layne, Chahles, b. Albemarle, nearB 'ck- 
ingham Co., 1700; d. Campbell Co., Vn., May 
17, 1821, aged 121. He left a widow aged 110 
yeai-s, and a numerous and respei-tablc fanii'y 
"down to the 3d and 4th generations. Until the 
last few years of his life he enjoyed all his fac- 
ulties, with vigorous bodily health. 

Lea, Heni!y Charlks, son of Is.iac, and 
grandson of Mathew Carey, b. Phila. 19 Sei)t. 
1825. Present rej)resentative of the pub.-house 
estalilished by Mathew Carey and Sons at the 
close of the hist century. Author of " Super- 
stition and Force," &c., 1866; "Studies in 
Church History," &C., 1869; "Hist, of ClericiU 
Celibacy." 

Lea, Isaac, LL.D. (H.U. 1852), naturalist, 



LKA. 



334 



ia:c 



b. Wiliiiiii;,'ion, Del., Miir. 4, 1792. His an- 
cc4lor> wire minisli-rs in ;lic Soiii-lv of KriiMids. 
Pluicil III ilic iiKC of 15 Willi hin clilor liro., a 
meicliiiiit ill I'liilu., Ill' ouciipied his li-i»ure in 
collcTiiii- iniiicral-i, rci-.<if<, &1-. In ISI.'Shfbc- 
ciiiiii,' a iniinlx-T <if ilic Anul. of Nat. Sriiiices 
of riiilii., mill sliortl.v iifior piili. Iii^ first paper 
in till' .luiiimil of thr Ariiil , (li'.scriliing ilic min- 
erals in iliu iiui;:iil>i>i'liooil of I'liiln. In 1821 
liu joined ilic |iiiblisliiii;:-liriii of Iiik fathor-in- 
l.iw, Malliew Carev, reliriii}; fioin il in 1851. 
Ill I8j7 lie lpe;;ttii a wries of iiivinoirs on new 
for. IIS of fresii-naicr uiid land shells, whieli 
have liecn continued to the present time, fn 
It4'i2 he vi>i:ed Kurope, and in I8'J3 pnli. 
" Conirihnlions to CieoloKj," descriliing 228 
species oi leriiarv fossils from Alnlmnia. Mr. 
Leu has contemplated the piiblie.ition of a lar^'c 
work on ilie iimwiii/.e of the L'.S. lie is a 
nicmher of many learned bodies in Kniopc 
and Aincr. In lice. 1858 he was eleeied |)res. 
of the Acad, of Natural Sciences of I'liila. 
He has al>o pub. " Description of a New Ge- 
nus of the Family Melaniana," 1851 ; " Fossil 
Footmarks in the Ucd Saiidstuiics of I'uits- 
ville ; " and " Synopsis of ihe Family of Naia- 
des," 1 852. — iSie list of 5b uf his jiiiU. in Al- 
iiltoue. 

Lea, Thomas Gibson, botanist (1785- 
1844); left "A Calalojiuc of I'binls, Native 
and Nainiallzed, collected in the Vioinitv of 
Cincinnati, O.," which was pub. by \V. S. 
Sullivaiit. 1849. 

Leake, \v,vlter, gov. of Mpi. I821-25, b. 

Va. ; d. Mt. Saliis, Uines Co., Mpi., Nov. 17, 
1825. A .soldier of tlie Uevol., and U.S. sena- 
tor from 1817 10 1820. 

Learning, JcKi':.MiAii, D.D. (Y.C. I789), 

Epis. eier-Mnan,li. Middletown. Ct . 1719; d. 
N. Haven. Sept. 15, 1804. Y.C. 1745. Onl. 
1748. He preached 8 years at Newport, IM., 
21 yeai'9 at Noiwalk. Cl. ; and at Strailord 8 
years. During the Hevol. he was confined in 
jail 118 a Torv, and coniracied a disease of the 
hip, crippling him for life. In 178.3 he declined 
the episcopacy of Ct. on account ol intirmity. 
lie wrote Defences of the I'pis. Govt, of the 
Church, 17CGand 1770; " ICvidenees of Chris- 
tianity," 1785; " l)is»erlalioiis," 1789. Dr. 
L. was at one lime thought of for. the office 
of first bishop of the Amer. Kpis. Clinrch. 

Lear, ToniAS.dlplomalist. b. I'orlsnioulh, 
N.U.. ^epl. 19, 1762; d. \Vasliini.'lon, D.C., 
Oct. 10, 1816. II.U. 1783. In 1785 lie be- 
came private sec. to Gen. Wasliini;ion, and 
was most lilwrally remeniliend by him in his 
will. Ill 1801 lie'was made con<nl-gen. at St. 
Doinin^o ; and from I8U4 to 1S12 was consul- 
gen, at Algiers, and coininiss. 10 conclude a 
place wuh Tripoli. The latter duly he per- 
lorined in 1805, much to the dissatisfaction of 
Gen. Kalon, who was giiining iinporiant ad- 
vantages over the Tripoliians. liar's conduct 
wasapproved by his govt., (hough niuili blamed 
by a |H>rtlon of ihc public. At his decease he 
was an accountant in the war ilep.irtmcni. 

Learned, KntNEZKn. biig.-i:en. Kevol. ar- 
my ; .1. OMord, Ms., Apr. 1, 1801, a. 73. A 
ca'pi. ill the old French war (1756-63). He 
marched to Cambridge wi'lh his regl. (.Id) the 
day alter the battle of Lexington. After the 



removal of the army to N.V., he bi'Came af- 
flii till wiih disea-c, an'l in .May, 1776. refpiest 
eil permission lo retire from the service. Apr. 
2.1777.Con','n;ss apti. him a brig.-gvn. ; but. Ii^j 
health gradually smkini.', he was permitted. 
Mar. 24, 1778. lo niire from the army. Dec. 
7, 1795, his name was placed n(H>n the pension- 
list. At the lirst battle ol Siillwater, Sept. 19. 
1777, Ik- com. the centre ; in .Aug. previous, he 
marclieil his brigade to the nliel of Fort Schuy- 
ler; he was at Valley Forge in tlic following 
winter. 

Leavenworth, Henkv, brig.-gen. U.S.A., 
b. Ci., Dec. 10, 1783; d. Cniss TimlnTs, near 
the Fal.se Wachiia, July 21 , 1,834 At the eom- 
mciiceinenl of ilic war of 1812 he was assoc. 
with (nn. Uoot in the praciicc of law. -\pp. 
from N.Y. rapt. 25ih Inf. Apr. 1812 ; mnj. 9tli 
Inf. Aug. 15, 1813; com his re-l. and br r. 
lieut.-col. and col. for distinguished se vices 
at Chippewa. July 5. 1814; and at Niagara 
Fails, where he uas wounded. .July 35, 1814 ; 
lieut.-col. 5ih Inf. Feb. 10, 1818 ; c<im. and dia- 
ling, in the exped. against the Arickarec Indi- 
ans, 700 miles above Council BliifTson .Mo. Ki- 
ver; brev. brig.-gen. July 25. 1824 ; col. 3d Inf. 
Dec. 16, 1825. Heestab'lished various inililary 
posts on our Western froniier, one of which, 
now the flourishing city of Leavenworth, lijin., 
penieinales his name. 

Leavitt, Diulet, exientivcly known in 
N.H. as"Uld Master Leaviit," liaving been 
its almanae-inaker aliovc half a eenlury, eoin- 
nieneing in 1797; b. Kxeler, May 23, 1772: 
d. Meredith, Sept. 15, 1 851 . lie formerly kept 
school in winter; worked on bis farm tbroii'.'h- 
oiit the year; made almanacs, ariihtuciics, 
grammars, ic., in long winter evenings. He 
edited the Gilinanlon (j'nyllr in I80O; and in 
1811 began the N.H. /!,yislti; which be clitetl 
sonic years. In 1806 he removed to Meredith. 

Iieavitt, Key. Josiii'A. b. Franklin Co.. 
N.Y , 1794. Y.C. 1814. .\din. to the bar 
I8I9; ord. 1825. Has pub. ■'Easy I*.s.on» 
in Heading'." 1823; "Christian Lvre."l83l; 
" Series ol Readers. ' 1847. Ed. Suihr't ilari., 
y. Y. Ecaiujelist, y. Y. IndviKiiddit, &c. — j/- 
tihone, 

Lechford, Thumas, a lawyer from Lou- 
don, ihe lirst who came to N.IC. inlending tn 
pursue the profession ; lived in Bosion from 
1638 to 1641. He relumed lo Eni;.. ilissatis- 
fied wiih the country, and pub. " I'laine Ue.1l- 
ing, or Newes from New England's I'rcsent 
Govirninent, Ecclesiastical and Civil, Com- 
pared." &c.. Lond. 1642 (new ed. with introd. 
ami notes by .1. Hamiiioiid 'I'rumbull. 1867); 
" New Eni;land's Advice to OM England," 4to, 
1644. He is said 10 havcd. soon afierihr pub of 
this book. — .>Vv /fiilr/imsoii's I list. Milts, ling. 

Le Clear, Thomas, painter, b. Owcgo, 
N.Y.. Maieli 11, 1818. In early youih ho 
evinced his artistic skill, and practised por- 
traiture in various places, until in 18.'I9 be camo 
to N.Y. Ciiy, where his picture called " Hep- 
riniand " auracied attention. In 1844-60 he 
|iainied portraits in liuflT.ilo. and has since re- 
sided in NY. Among his porlniiis is " I) S. 
Dickinson," Edwin Booth as llamlct. cx-Pi'es. 
Fillmore. Col. Thorpe, Col. Porter. McEiitce, 
and Hubbard, artists ; andof hiseomjHisitions, 



LEG 



5S5 



LKK 



"The MarblePlavcrs," "Young America," 
„„,1 " The Itinerants," are best kuo.vn. - 

■'^^Leclercq, Chketieij, French missiona- 
,v U Artoi, ab. 1630. Sent to Cana.h. m 
IGSS', where l>e l.ibure.l many ve.trs. Alter ns 
return to I-Vance, he pnb. histone> of the 
•Vench Colonies in New Fnmee, am of La 
Salle's ICxpeil to Explore the Min , lt.91. 

^^^?b;nrK;rKh:ri:-=:;: 

i„. attained the rank of major. U)^ PX'""' 

'^;::::-":;:ip:^u;^s[:!:V^o^«n.i 

15 K.li"" Observations of the S. Amer.ean 
slei^'of Viola;" " !)eseript,ons ot_ ^he 
S .eeie.s of N. Amer.ean Tortoise (in _A.^ 
nils of N.Y. Lveeum of Nat. Hi>t. ) , ^ 
Mono-r.phv of N. Ameriean Histero.dcs 
S:^XirnalofNat.HisM;;' )es^;.p..-;s 
of Three New S,iccies of Anncnla, wi h Ke 
rnarks npon oth'.r N- Ameriean Uo. ents 
(l'roeecdin''sof I'liila. Acad, ot Nat. ^<^'«"?^'- • 
I e was vire-pres. of the Amer. Aca.l.ot Nat. 
Seienees, and had a hi^-h reputation tor ae- 

"'^^■(ionte'ts L., MD..natundist, 
so:^nr^ecilin.,bN.Y^Mayl^.«^^ 

inllU, and to Lake Superior a,'a.n m 184b 
I, 1818 he made a thir.l ourney to thi- lake, 
in company with A^assi^ and others, and eo.^- 
ihS account of the coleo,,>era to the^oK 
.rivin.' the results of the exped. In 1849-:>i 
he was in Cal , and explored the Colorado 
Kivcr He has contrib. manv papers, eh.eflv 

nl.vsician, b. Liberty Co., Ga., 182.3. In l»oi 
e ■ ecomp Prof A-assiz on a scientific tour 
o FK and in 1 856 became prof, of chemistrv 
and l^olosv in S.C. Coll. He has pub. several 
i-liemieal and ceolosjical works. 

Lederer, John, the first explorer of he 
A'Ti^^^u^fs^ wrote in Latin an account of h.s 
^^rhr e Several Marches from Va. to the West 
or C rolina, and Other 1'-'-' < - Co"""- • 
v.. ,„. ill March 1669, and ended in Sept. 
':?0 " t"an.S hy SiV William Talbot, and 
,,„l, 'in I>ond. 1672.-M.rfm<-fc 



iouracY thronsih Northern Europe and Asia. 
iTd across Beh^n^'■s Straits to the western 
misphere. Sir Joseph Banks and others 
gave him a small supply ot ">»"«)•;«"'>'" 
the latter part of K86 he departe, . Ar.iv.ng 
a Stockholm, he walked around tl"-" «hole 
coast of the Gulf of Bothnia (-^-l''"!-'.^:- 
Peter^burs in the latter part ot M.mh, 1,6,, 
without money, shoes, or >toekm..'s Ih.sjo .- 
nev, of up«-.vd of 1,400 mdes, ^"1^ l"> " ' 
weeks. Proeeedim.' on lus ^y>, '"^f" '^.' '•'• ^ 
was arreste.1 at Irkootsk *'=b. 24 1,88 
order of the empress, eondneted to thefiontu 
of Poland, and '.lismi,sed wth an m.im.-j on 
that he would he luui-ed if he re-entered Rus- 
sia. I'hisarrest is supposed to have been caused 
by ihejealousv of the Russian- Amencau Irad- 
t, roinpanv: Le.lyard found his way back to 
Lo'ndon, " disap|X.inted. ra-^ed, and penniless 
an." at.iuce a 'il-pted a" -^%'" '^:^aZ 
interior of Alriea. Leaving En,' '",; "^'""^^ 
part of June, he was attacked at Caiio 1 y a 
bilious disorder, which put an end to his lit.- 
For capacity, endaranee^ and •■^.«' >"'""■ .l'^ 
was most remarkable. He said ot I i.n,e I I 



se era months among the tribes of the S x 
Nations but, impelled by a restless spun of 
a^vi^^ure, shipped at N. I'"""-, ^ V^"^ 

^f';'--?th^*"^tvoS--nd".^:" 

"kept k journal of this vovage a brief sketch 

'■fT''''^'"Mi:!;i.^ ^-'^"t'on^or: 

;^:i;r-pd '>e^V:Ut,andwen,to 
1^;^ in^Jane. 1784. He then undertook a 



was most remai mwv- — , , , „ . „, ,i,„ 
have known both hunger and 'i'''"'''"--^^,'" '''^ 
utmost extremity ot luunan ^uftering. I have 
known what it was to have to.id given me as 
charity to a madman ; and I have at times be. n 
ohliued to shelter myself under the ">.ser.esot^ 
that character to avoid a heavier calamity. 
Some of his manuscripts were printed in L.on- 
don a few years after his .leath in the Mem- 
oirs of the- Society instituted tor eneouragiig 
ni,coveries in the Interior of ,Af'-"^^';-.,,f ' f 
extracts from his journal, and his P"^' « " 
rcsp. with Je«-ers<m ami others, aie gucn in 
Sparks's " Liti; of Ledyard. 

'liedyard, William, col in 'I'e 'leu. . 
aiw, IK Gioton. Ct.. i:.-18; d. Sepu 6, 1,81. 
Bro! of the preceding. Ouring the inaraudiig 
exped. of Arnohl along the coast ot (''•.>;"'• 
L with 157 militiamen, hastily eolle.-ted.iliKW 
Idmselt into Foit(;riswold,opp.,Mte N Loivd^^ 
when it was attacked by the Bnush eoloiiel, 
Evie with 800 men. After a brave lesistaiiee, 
and a loss of 200 men inflicted on the enemy, 
the work was carried hy assault and its gall.nt 
defenders put to the sword. The Tory major. 
Bromfield, on receiving Ledyaid s s»o ' . l^" 
liberaielv ran him throu-h the body, killing 

Prot.-Ep. bishop of l)el.,b. Cambridge, Ms 
Sent 9 1807. H.U. 1827. He studied law 
wa" adm. to the New London harin 1830; and 
practised in Norwich n 1831-3 "«/^«"^ " 
died in the Gen.Theol. Sem. in N.\ ■ i «»^0" ■ 
deacon in June, 1837 ; P;ie^% J"^; ^f «,' "f 
„„ in.- of Cilvarv Church, Rockdale, Del. Co., 
Pa. ^ot Sept. (838 to Sept. 184. ; and >vas 
consec. bishop Uct. 12, }»*^ '"'''['>' ''l^'f 
Andrew's Climeh, Wilm n.ton. An l.or of 
a " Life of the Apostle Peter, 18:)> , _ Lite 
of St. John,- 1854; " Treatise on Bapt.-n 
18.-.4 • •• Memoirof Miss Su-ai. Allil«ie, 8.o, 
1856; "The Harbinger of Christ,' r2.no, 

'^ilee, ANN, founder ol the sect of Shaking 



L.EE 



636 



IxEB 



Quakers in iliis country, b. Manchcsttr, Kng., 
Fell. 29, 17.36; d, Waiervliet, N.Y., Scpl. 8, 
17M. Slif WHS employed in a cotlon-faciorv, 
Bnd afOTwanIs ns a cook in the .Manchester 
Intimary ; m. n l>lack>mitli named Stanley; 
and ill I TiiS joined the niiinll society Tormcd b^- 
Jaines and Jane Wardley, Quakers, the orijri- 
natorsof th.esect of 8haker> in Eni;. Ab. 1770 
she Iviian to testify n^nlnii the wick'dncss of 
maniiiyc as " the root of hnmna depravity," 
and nas confined for several weeks in a mad- 
honse. Slie came with sciine of her followers 
to New York in 1774; ami in the spring of 
1770 established ber.-elf at Watcrvliet, near 
Albany, at wliicli lime she l>ecaine llieir reeoK- 
nizcd dead. She was char^'ed wiih witeherull, 
and bciii;; opposed t" war, was accused of secret 
corf'sp. with the British. A charge of hi;;h 
treason was pri'l. rix'il against her, and she was 
I'liprisoneil at Albany and in the l'onj;likcep<ic 
jail unii! her release by (?ov. Clinton in 1777. 
lietnrniii:: to W.itervliet, her followers (jreatly 
ine^'ea.sc'l. In 1780, durin;; a reli;;ioiis revival 
ill New Lebanon and several ivljoininc; towns, 
under the inllneiice of Ann Lee, many persons 
weiv convcrtcil to the dortriiics of the Shakers. 
In this in;>veineni originated the flonrisliing 
society at New Lebanon. In I78I-.3 Ann Lee, 
and the elders of the society ut Waiervliet, 
made a missionary joiiiney ihroii..;li \.E., in the 
course of which societies were founded in Har- 
vard, M<., an. I o;her places. So j;reot were the 
spiritual |,'ifts ^\w was believed to poss.-ss, that 
she was ackiiowlcd^'cd a spiritual mother in 
Chris!. Ilciiee her name of " .Mother Ann." 
— Sre Millciiniiil Church fiuh. h<i the .Shakets. 

Lee, AnTittR, LL.U. (HU. 1789), diplo- 
maii-I ofllic It'Vo!., the vonn;;cst of 6 disting. 
bvoilKis, h. Westmoreland Co., Va., 20 Dee. 
1741); d. 14 Dc'. 1792 Kducated at ICton an<l 
the U. of I''diiiburt;h, he took the dcjjree of 
M.I), in 17(>5; made the tour of Kuropi^ and, 
returning to Va., practised at Williamsburg 
with success. Dctenninin;.' to lie a lawyer, he 
went to V,n\i to study the profession in 1766; 
joined the sdcicly of supporters of the bill of 
ri;.'lits ; eng.i:;cc| in a literary controversy with 
" Junius," an.l, under the si^-iiatiire of " Junius 
Americana*," wrote political articles that 
pained biin the acquaintance of Johnson, 
Bur :e, Dr. I'ricc, and other eminent men. In 
1769 he pub. "The Monitor's Letters," iu vin- 
dication of colonial riuhts. Adm. to the bar 
in 1770, and app. by the Ms. Assembly apent, 
in ease of the absence or death of Dr. Frank- 
lin, he eo-openiied with him. and received in 
17;<», for his services to the State, 4,000 acres 
of land In 1 774 he pub. at Paris " An Ap|>eal 
to the I'eoplc of Great Britain," which was 
as'ril>ed to Lin-d Chatlniin. Appointed in Nov. 
177.') the Loiirlon correspondent of Congress, In 
Aug. 1775 he pri'sented the second peiiiion of 
Congress to the kin^'- App. in Sept. 1776 one 
of the eommiss. to France, and at the sainc 
time agent for Va., he snccecdeil in procuring 
for that State, from the royal arsenals, warlike 
Btori's to the value of nearlv i!J60,000. In 
M:n . 1777, Congress app. him sole com .i.ss. 
to Spain, still retaining him on the Fnmch 
cinniiiiss. He presented to the Spanish Govt, 
an eli>queut memoir on " The Present State 



of the Dispute lietwecn America and Great 
Britain," and linally procured n large money 
loan. He next went to Berlin, where he was 
permitted to reside in a private capaeiiy, and 
to correspond secretly with the lourt, Inuu 
whom he rcc-eived friendly assiiranees. Dis- 
cord arising lietween Ia-c and the other com- 
missioners, factions were created in Congress 
which endangered the cause; and Lee became 
the bitter enemy of Franklin, whom he falsely 
charged with connivance at linud and corrup- 
tion, and with being under French influence. 
Lee was envious of the suiH-rioiity of Franklin, 
whom he |>ersistently liiiclled in his letters to 
Congnss. When, in 1779, it was determined 
to send a minister to S|>ain, Lee, lliougli 
nominated, was not app. He then resiLiied ; 
returned liome in Aug. 1780; communicated 
his views to Conjrress ; and also pub. " Ex- 
tracts from a Ix;tier to Congress in Answer to 
a LilK'l by Silas Deane," Deane in a published 
aildress iiaving charged Lee with obstructing 
the alliance with France, and disclosing the 
secrets of Congress to British noblemen. Mem- 
ber of the Va. Assembly in 17S1 ; mcinlier of 
Congress in 1782-.'!; ilelcgate to treat with the 
northern Indians in 1784 ; and member of the 
treasury board in 1 785-9, whence he retired to a 
farm on the liappaliaiinock. He was a (lure 
patriot ; a man of polite manners, but of 
strong passions, and a jealous and inelunelndy 
temperament. His "Life and Corrcsp. " was 
pull, bv his grand-nephew. It. II. Lcc, 2 vols. 
1829. 

Iiee, Cti,vnLE», maj.-gcn. Rcvol. armv, b. 
Dernhall, Cheshire, Kng., 17.31 ; d. I'hila. 2 
Oct. 1782. Son of Col. .John l.ir. Kniering 
the army at an early age, he came in IT.'i4 to 
Amer. ; served under Bradiloek in the disas- 
trous defeat of the Monoiigahela, and, in com. 
of a comp of gn-nadiers, was wounded in the 
unsuecesslul assault on Ticondero::a. He 
dwelt for a lime with the Mohawk Indians, 
who made him a chief, ami named him in their 
lan;2uagc " Boiling Water." In 1762 he dis- 
ting. himself in I'ortngal under Burgoync ; in 
176.S the King of I'olanil app. him n uiaj.-gen., 
but be soon returned to Kng.; and in 1772 
was made a lient -rpl., and placed on liulf-pay. 
He wrote on the side of tlie Americans in their 
dispute with the British ministry, with whom 
he became still more imbittcivtl on failing 
to obtain promotion. After some years of 
travel in Europe, he killed an Italian ollicer 
in a duel, and in the summer of 177.3 came to 
New York. He travelled through the I'olonics, 
encouraging the Americans to resist, anil pur- 
chased lanil in Berkeley Co., Va. Made maj.- 
geu. 17 JiMie. 1775, bv Congress, ho rcsignetl 
his eommiss, in the tiritish service, accomp. 
Washington to Boston, and in Feb. 1776 took 
charge of the ilefence of N. York. Sent soon 
alter, as com. -ill chief of the southern depi. to 
the Carolnias, he infuscil order and conlidencc 
everywhere, and received a great ai'ccssion of 
military n-putatioii Iroin the successful defence 
of Fort Moultrie, to which, however, he con- 
tributed very slightly. He then visited Ga., 
which he assisted in fortifying, and returncil 
north in sea.s<m to pmeure tile withdrawal of 
the army from a (Hisition of great hazard. 



537 



LEE 



Left in Westchester Co. with n force of 3,000 
men, he seems to h.ive been actuatej from that 
time solely l)_v tlie desire to gr:itify liis own 
personal ainliitlon at any cost. NotivitlHtiind- 
ing the earnest appeal from Washin^'ton to 
join him in N. Jersey, he lingered, hoping an 
opponnniiy w <uld present itself to make an in- 
depenikiit demonstration on the enemy's Hank. 
He was taken prisoner by Col. Haivourt, while 
lyin^ carelessly guarded at a consideiahle dis- 
tance from the main body, 13 Dee. 1776. Mar. 
29, 1777, while a prisoner, he proposed a plan 
for sulijngatin^ tlie States, and addressed it to 
Gen. llou'c. In May, 1778, he was exchanged 
lor Gen. Prc^-cott. At the battle of Mimmouih, 
2S June, 1778, Lee was ordered to attack the 
rear oi 1,'iinton's army, which was retreating 
through N.J. Outmanoeuvred liy the hitter, he 
ordered a retreat, which soon became disorder- 
ly. Washington met him at thtsjuueture, and 
reprimanded him. Lee replied in iinpro]ier 
langmi.e, but executed llie subsequent orders 
of Wasliingiou with courage and ability. Lee, 
alter the battle, addressed a disrespectful letter 
to Wasliiiigton, and 12 Aug. 1778, was sen- 
tenced l)y a court-martial to be suspended li-om 
tlie army for a year, which sentence was con- 
firmed by Congress. Lee pub. a defence of his 
conduct, in which he abused Washington, 
'i'his led to a duel with Col. Lanrens, in which 
Lee was wounded. Lee then retired to his 
estate in Uerkelcy Co., Va., where he amused 
himself with his books and dogs, writing also 
some political and military queries, afterward 
])ub. in Baltiiuore. A vol. of his Essays and 
Corresp. was pub. in 1792. lie is said to have 
claimed the authorship of Junius's Letters, and 
au attempt was made by Dr. Thos. Girdlestone 
to prove Lee and Junius identical. Lee was 
brave, " plain in his person to a degree of 
ugliness, careless even to unpolitcness, his 
garb ordinary, his voice rough, his manners 
rather severe, yet sensible, learned, judicious, 
and penetrating." — See Memoirs of Lee b;/ E. 
Laitff worth;!, bij his hinsman 6Vr Henri/ Bunburii ; 
Life and Treason of Charles Lee, b;/ (j'eunje U. 
Moore of N. Y., 18ul ; Proceedings of Court-Mar- 
tial, 6 July, 1778, N.Y. 8vo, 1864. 

Lee, CiiAitLES, lawyer; d. at his seat in 
Fauquier Co., Va., June 2i, 1815, a. 57. N.J. 
Coll. 1775. Bro. of Gen. Henry Lee. Ho 
studied law under Jared Ingersoll in I'hila. ; 
was sec. of an important board of the Cont. 
Congress; meiniier of the Va. Assembly; 
naval officer of the Dist. of the Potomac till 
1795 ; and U.S. atty.gen. from Dec. 10, 1795, 
until 1801 ; subsequently app. chief justice 
U.S. Circuit Court by JctFerson, but declined. 

Lee, CiiAtjNCBy.'D.D. (Col. Coll. 1823), 
b. Salisluirv, Ct., 1763; d. Hartwick, N. Y., 
Nov. 5, 184-2. Y.C. 1784. Son of Rev. Jona- 
than. Alter practising law a short time, he 
8tudied tlieology; was pastor of Sunderland, 
Vt., 1790-7; of Colebrook in 1800-27; and 
of Marlborough, Ct., 1827-35. He wrote 
poetry, and was skilled in music ; was a clas- 
sical scholar, and a man of learning. He pub. 
an Arithmetic, 1797; a poetical version of 
Job, 1807; Sermons for Revivals, 1824; "Let- 
ters from Aristarchus to Philemon," 18.33. — 
Sj)rague. 



Iiee, Mrs. Ele.\xor Pehct. »* W.xre, b 
Natchez, Mpi., ab. 1820; d. ab. 1850. M. at 
Cincinnati to H. W. Lee of Vieksburg. In 
conjunction with her sister, Mrs. Catharine 
Anil WarHeld, she pub. " The Wife of Leon 
and other Poems, by the Sisters of the West," 
N.Y., 1843; "The Indian Chamber and other 
Poems," 1846. — See Specimens and favorable 
notice in Grisicold's Female Poets of America^ 
and Poets and Poetri) of the West. 

Lee, Eliz.\ Bdck.mixsteu, authore^is, b. 
Portsmouth, N. H., ab. 1794. Dan. of Dr. 
Joseph, and sister of Joseph Stevens Biiekmin- 
ster. From them she acquired a classical 
education and a fondness for literary pursuits. 
M. to Mr. Thomas Lee of Boston, where most 
of her life has been passed. She has pub. 
" Sketches of a New-England Village," 1837; 
" Delusion," " Life of Jean Paul Richter," 
1842 (translated from the German); ''Walt 
iind Vult, or the Twins" (iranshited from 
\{iehtcr), 1845 ; " Naomi, or Boston 200 Y'ears 
Ago," 1848; " Memoir of Rev. Dr. Buckmin- 
ster and J. S. Buckminster," 1849 ; '■ Florence 
the Parish Orphan," 1850; " Parthenia, or the 
Last Days of Paganism," 1858 ; and the 
"Barefooted -Maiden," a translation. 

Lee, Fr.vncis, col. U.S.A., b. Pa. 1803; 
d. St. Louis, Mo., Jan. 19, 1859. West Point 
(licnt.of inf ), 1822. Capt. 31 May, 1834; served 
in the Florida war 1840-2 ; maj. 4th Inf. Feb. 
16, 1847; com. that regt. in Valley of Mexi- 
co ; brev. lieut.-col. lor gallant and meritorious 
conduct in battles of Contreras and Chnrubus- 
co, Aug. 20, 1847; brev. col. for El Molino 
del Rcy, Sept. 8, 1847 ; and disling. in the cap- 
ture of Mexico City ; lieut.-col. 6th Inf Mar. 
9, 1851 ; col. 2d Inf Oct. IS, 1855.— Gardner. 

Lee, Fr.incis Lightfoot, signer of the 
Decl. of Indcp., bro. of Arthur, b. Siratford, 
Va., Oct. 14, 1734; d. Richmond, Apr. 1797. 
Owing to the death of his father, he was not, 
like his bros. sent abroad for education, but re- 
ceived instruction under the tlireclion of Rev. 
Mr. Craig. His father had left him an inde- 
pendent estate. Member of the house of bur- 
gesses 1765-72. He then m. Rebecca, dau. of 
Col. John Tayloe of Richmond, and settled 
at Monocan. Delegate to the Cont. Cong, 
from Aug. 1775, to the spring of 1779, serving 
upon many im))0rtant committees, and fre- 
quently as chairman of the com. of the whole. 
His chief services in Congress were in aiding 
in framing the old articles of Confederation, 
and the stand which he took in l.ivor of mak- 
ing the right to the northern fisheries, and to 
the navigation of the Mpi., indis]ieusable 
grounds to the conclusion of the treaty with 
Eng. Afterward State senator. His " gay 
good humor and pleasing wit " made him a 
favorite with all ; and his plain and easy man- 
ners rendered him easy of access by all" classes. 

Lee, Han.naii F. (Sawyer), authoress, 
b. Newburyport, Ms., 1780; d. Boston, Dec. 
28, 1865. The dau. of an eminent pliysician. 
She m. George Gardiner Lee, and long resided 
in B()Ston. Her first known publicaiion was 
the Ap])endix to Hannah Adams's Memoir of 
herself, which was succeeded by " Grace Sey- 
mour," a novel, and " Three Experiment's of 
Living," 1838, esteemed her best work. Her 



LEK 



538 



rjss 



DthiT w,>rks arc " The OM PiiinttT!i." " KIra- 
iiiir Kiiliciii," •■ Uirli Kiioujih," " I.iiilicr and 
his Times," " Craiiiiicr uiiil hia Times, " " The 

Hunuc'iKiK ill Franco nml AiiiiTicii, I'ho 

World Ix'fure Yoii," " Stories from Life," 
1S49 ; " History of Seuliitiiie mid Soiljiiors," 
1854; " Meiimir of I'ierre Toiissnint," ISS); 
" Uiistiiina, or Seciies in Unstnii ; " iind " The 
Coiilnist, or Dilfereiit .\I.>iles ol 1-Miieiition." 

Lee, (jtx. llKSitY,.solilier, iind (:ov. of Va. 
IT!) I -I, h. \Vei.liiiorel,inil Co., Vrt., Jan. 29, 
IT'iO; il. Cunilicrlaiid Island, (ia . >lar. 2.'!, 
1818. N , I. Coll 177.3 lleiirv his father was 
first ronsin of U. II Ia-c. His mother was 
.Mary, ilau. of Col. Bland of Jordans. In 1 776 
he «iis app. a eapt in Bland's Cav. ; and in 
Sept. 1777 joined the main army. By the 
strut discipline he introduci'd, he was cnahled 
to move with celerity and cftect; and his rapid 
and darinj; .system of tactics maile " I.*e's Le- 
pion " hii^lily efficient. Washinjjton selected 
his company for his lio<ly-):iini'd at the battle 
of Gcrmantown. In Jan. 1778, 1,ee, with only 
10 men, was attacked in a stone house liy 200 
British troopers, whom he beat off. He was 
soon after niaile a mnjor, with the cum. ol an 
indciieiident corps of 2 companies of horse, af- 
terward increased to 3, and a body of inf. 
July 19, 1779, he surprised the ;;urrison of 
Paulus Hook, and took 160 prisonera. For his 
" priidenit;, address, and bravery " in this af- 
fair, Cun;:rc.ss voted him a u'old medal. Made 
licut.-col. Nov 6, 1780, he joined Grirnc's south- 
ern army in Jan. 1781. Durin;; the famous 
retreat ol Gix'cnc before Cornwallis, Lee's Lc- 
t:ion formeil the rear-guard. While watchinj; 
the luovements of Cornwallis in N.C., he fell 
upon the Tory Col. Pvle, who was leading 400 
men to Cornwallis, killing and ciipturing must 
of his command. At the battle of Guilford, 
Lee encountered Tarletun, and drove him back 
wiihlo.s.s; afterward held hisground obstinately 
on Greene's left wing ; and finally covercil the 
retreat. It was by Lee's advice, that Greene 
adopted ihc daring policyof not following Corn- 
wallis into Va., but of leaving that province 
to its fiite, ami marching south to end the con- 
flict in S.l". and Ga. 'I'he result fully vindi- 
cated the exiK'diency of this policy. Lee with 
his LcL'ion joined the partisan force under Mni^ 
ion, and, by a scries of vigorous operations, iv- 
diiccd Forts Watson. Moile, and Granby. 
While un his way to join Col Pickens, he sur- 
prised and took Fort Galphin. Augusta was 
taken after a siege of 16 davs. He was also at 
the unsuccessful siege of N'inety-six. At Eu- 
taw his gallaniry contributed greatly to the sui- 
ee.sslul resiili ; Lee's im|H-tuous charge, causing 
the retreat of the British left wing, probably 
saved ihe army from defeat. Li-o soon after 
retiied.li-om the .service; settled down at Strat- 
ford ; and was soon after m. to bis cousin Ma- 
tilda, dau. of Philip Ludwell Iaiv. Ilissccund 
wife was Anne, ilau. of Charles Carter. In 
17SI> he was a delegate to Congres-s ; and in the 
Va. conv. ol 1788 was a prominent advwatc 
uf ilie Fetleral Cunst. He afterwards served 
ill the Va. house of delegates. App. to com. 
the lorw raised to quell the Whiskey Insiirrce- 
tiun in 1794. his advance at the head of 15.000 
men speedily stopped all lesisiancc. lu 1799 



he was again in Congress, where he delivered 
the eulogy on Washington, in which occurs 
the celebrated phm«e " First in war, first in 
peace, and first in the hearts of his country- 
men. " While confined for debt lie wrote, in 
1809, his " Memoirs of the War in the Southern 
Dept. of the U.S " In 1814 he was in Balti- 
more when the riots connected with the h'eilrnil 
/Ifimli/ioiii, newspa|>er, oceurreil, ami receiviil, 
in resisting the mob, injuries from which ho 
never recovered. I^ee was almve the medium 
height, and wcll-prtjiHirtioned. Of his milita- 
ry talents Greene said, " No ni.in in the prog- 
ress of the southern campaijm hail equal merit 
with I-ce." The "love and i banks " expressed 
to Ijce in Washington's letter in 1789 show 
ihcalfeciion which his generous qualities had 
insjiired. 

Lee, IIiiXBV, aiithur, son of Gen. Henry, 
b. SiratlunI, Wesimureland Co., Va., 1787; 
d. Paris, Jan. W, 18.')7. Wm. and .Marv Coll. 
1808. App. major .teib Inf. Apr. 8," 1813; 
aide-de-cuinp to Gen. Wilkinson, and afterwanl 
of Gen. Izard on the Canadian fnmticr. Af- 
ter the war he m. .Miss Ann MeCarty, whose 
estate adjoined his own. In 1824 he pub. 
"Campaign of 1781 in tha Carolin.is.' an 
answer to the strictures in Johnson's " Life of 
Greene," on liisfaiheraBd the Legion. Though 
a Federalist, he advucated in a series of e.s>ays 
ihecleciiun of Gen. Jaeksun, who in 1829 app. 
him consul at Algiers ; but, not having lieen 
confirmed by the senate, he reiurned within a 
year. The first vol. of his" Life ol Napoleon" 
appeureil at Paris anil X.Y. in 1815; and after 
his death, this, with the addiiioiinl matter he 
had jirepared, was pub. in I»iid. and Paris, 
bringing the history down to the close of the 
first Iiali:in campaign. In I8.'I2 he again vin- 
dicated his lather's fame in his " Observutiont 
on the Writings ol Thomas Jefferstin," repiib. in 
184.'), with additional notes bv C. C. Ixe. — 
bumkimk: 

Lee, Jesse, a Methodist pn-aohcr of n-ol 
and abilitv, b. Pr. George Co., Vo. ; d. IliiU- 
borough, Md., Sept. 12. 1316. .i. 58. He had, 
during the 33 years of his ministry, lalioivd 
ramh in the N. E. States ; chaplain to Con- 
gress during'6 terms. Much of the early his- 
toid' uf Methudi-sm in Am r, is b.ised upon hia 
" ^'ot^■s."— ,>V^ l.if- ami Tiiiirs ol] 'y f.. .1/. U'. 

Iiee, Joseph, fir-t minister ol Kovalsion, 
M.S., b. Concord, M.s.; d. Feb. 16, 1819, a. 77. 
H. U. 1765. Ord. O.t. 19, 1768. He pub. 
"Four Semion~," 1782, 12ino; " Half-Ccnturv 
Sermon," 1818; "Onl. Seniion." ISO-t. — . lllrn. 

Lee, Lehov M.vdisox, D.D., clcrg\innn, 
b. Pet rsbnrg, Va., April 30, 1808. He siudiol 
law, but eiitiTi'd the ministry- of the M. E. 
Chnrih in 1828. He has pub. several sermons, 
"L<-tters to a Vonng Convert," "Life and 
TiiiH'9 of Jc-sse L«i','* a small vol. on " Con- 
firmation," and another on " Perseverance." 
In 1816, and Imin 18.39 to \)(v. 1858, he edited 
the tl, htnnnil Chrialmn Atlrnitt'. 

Lee, Llther, D.l).(Mid. Coll. 1859), rler- 
gyinan and author, b. Schoharie, N.V., 1800. 
Self-educated. H" joined the M. E. Church in 
1821, ond soon l>cgan to prx'ach. In 1827 ho 
joined the Geni«ee Conf. ; became a travelling 
preacher ; enj;aged in several public thcol. dia- 



LEE) 



539 



LKE 



cussijns; and lectured ou terapurance. In 1836 
he began to prca.h agaiust slavery, and wm 
mohbeJ eevoral timiis. In 1841 heeditcd the 
iV. E. CItrislian Advocate, an antisiaTery jour- 
nal, at Lowell, ils. He soon after issued a paper 
named the Stmniqf Truth ; and in 1842 seeedcd 
ftx)in the Mc;h. Church, and began a we.-kly 
journal, the Trw. Wcslcijun. lu 1843 he be- 
came pastor of the chureh in Syracuse, N.Y. 
lu 1841, at the lii-st Wesl. conf., he was chojen 
pres. aul editor of t'le True Wes'ri/nn. thence- 
Ibrtli pub. in Xew York. He left that city in 
1852, and resumed th ■ charge of the church 
in S)Tacuse. In 1854-5 he edited the Ei-an- 
gelical Pulpit, a periodical. Elected pres. and 
prof, of theol. of Jlich. Un. CoU., at Leoni, in 
1856 ; he resigned in 1357 ; removed to Felici- 
ty, 0.; and since 1859 has been pastor of a 
cliurch in Chagrin Falls, O. Author of "Uni- 
ver-alism Examined and E.Kposed," 1836; 
" The Immortality of the Soul ; " " Revival 
Manual," 1850; "EciIcsiasLical Manual," 1850; 
" Slavery examined in the Light of the Bi le," 
1855; and "Elements of Theology," 1856. 

Iiee, M.vuv EtiZABETn, authoress, b. 
Charl&ston, S.C., Mar. l>3, 1813 ; d. there Sept. 
23, 1349. She was a niece of judge Thomas 
Lee, dau. of WiU. Early manifested literary 
tastes, and contrib. in prose and verse to the 
SoiU.'ia-n Review and other periodicals. Her 
" Tales- from History " was pub. by the Ms. 
Library A.soeiaiion. A selection "from her 
poems was pub. in 1851, with a Memoir by 
Samuel tiilman, D.U. 

IiOe, RiciiAKD IIexrt, statesman and or.v 
tor, b. Siratlbrd, Va.. Jan. '20, 1732 ; d. Chan- 
ti.ly, Va., June 19, 1794. His father Thomas, 
pr's. of ilie Coun. ii of Va. in 1 749, who d. in 
1750, left six sons, all of v.'hom rn<e to emi- 
nence: Phi'ip Ludwell (a member of the Coun- 
ci!), Tliomas Ladwjll, liichard Henry, Fran- 
cis Li Jiffoot, William, and Arthur. Rich- 
ard wa.s educated at the Acad, of Wakefield, 
Yorkshire, Eng. At the age of 19 he returned 
to his na ive country. In 1756 he was app. a 
justice of the peace, — then an office of distinc- 
tion, — and in 1757 he was chosen to the h. of 
burgesses, whfrc he soon disting. himself in de- 
bate. Placed upon a specitil com. to draught 
an address to the king, a memorial to the house 
of lords, and a remonstrance to the house of 
commons, Mr. Loc was selected to prepare the 
two first papers. Ho supported Pairick Hen- 
ry's famous resolutions against the Stamp Act. 
In 1770 he was a member of the associ.ation for 
non-impoitation, and in 1773 one of the com. 
of coricsp. In Sept. 1774 he was a de'egateto 
the First Congress. He was a member of all 
the leading committees, and penn -d the memo- 
rial of Congress to the people of British Amer- 
ica. In the following year he was unanimously 
elected to the Assembly, by which he was sent 
to the Second Congress. The second address 
ofCon'jrress to the people of flreat Bri .ain — 
nn.snrpassed as a state paper of the time — was 
from his pen. But his most import.mt scr\-ico 
was his motion (.June 7, 1776) " That these 
united Colonies nrc, and of right ought to be, 
free and independent States; that they are nli- 
BOlvedf'om all allegiance to the Bntish crown ; 
and t'.iat all political connection between them 



and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to 
be, totally dissolved." His speech on intro- 
ducing this bold measure was one of the most 
brUiiant displays of eloquence ever heard. Ho 
left Congi'ess in Jime, 1777; was again a mem- 
ber in Aug.-1778-80, 1784-5, and 17S6-7. In 
1780-4 he served in the Assembly, and, at the 
head of the milida of his county, protected it 
from the incursions of the British. In 1784 he 
was chosen pros, of Congress by a unanimous 
vote, but retired at the end of the year ; and 
in 1786 and '87 was again in the Va. Assembly. 
In 1792 ill health torced him to retire from pub- 
lic lill-, when he was again honored by the Va. 
legisl. with a vote of thau'.cs. Strongly ojjiiosid 
to the Federal Constitution, which he regarded 
as a consolidation of poiiiical powers which 
would tend to destroy the independence of the 
State govts., he contended for the necessity of 
amendments to it previously to its adoi)tion in 
1789 ; iind was a senator from Va. from 17SD 
to 1792, supporting the administration of 
Washington. Attthor of a number of political 
pamphlets ; and his correspondence, with a 
Memoir, was pub. bv his grandson R. H. Lee, 
in 1825, 2 vols. 8vo.' 

Lee, Robert Edmund, gen.-in-chief of the 
C.S.A., son of Gen. IL nrv Lee of the Revol. 
army, b. Strailbrd, Westmoreland Co., Va., 
Jan." 19, 1807; d. Li-xington, Va., Oct. 12, 1870. 
West Point, 1829 (second in his class). His 
mother was Antie Carter. Entering the engi- 
neers, he was made cajjt. 7 July, 1838; was 
chief engr. of Wool's brigade in the Mexican 
war; and earned the brevets of niaj., li.ut.-col., 
and col. for Cerro Gordo, Contreriis, and Chu- 
ruljusco, au!-l at Chapuitepec, where he was 
wounded. His services as an engineer at Vera 
Cruz, and the subsecpicnt operations in Mexico, 
w.re highly eulogized by Gen. Scott. Supt. 
Jlilit. Acad. Sept. 1, 1852-Mar. 3. 1855, when 
he was made licut.-col. 2d Cav. ; col. 1st Cav. 
Mar 16, 1361. App. Apr. 22 to com. the forces 
of the seceding State of Va., he resigned his 
position in the army ; was made maj.-gcn. Cou- 
fd. arniv, Mav 10, and soon aftcrw;;rd gen. 
Defeated" Oct. 3, 1861, by Gen. J. F. Rcjnolds, 
at the battle of Greenbrier, Western Va., he 
took com. of the S. Atlauiic States; and, after 
Gen. Johnston was wounded at Fair Oaks 
(May 31, 162), Lee was [daced at the head of 
the army defending Richmond, ami led it 
through the remaind r of the Chickahoraiiiy 
campaign, in wdiich McClellan was worsted. 
He attacked the army of Gen. Pope iii Aug., 
and, forcing it back, invaded Md. Sept. 4-6, atid 
occupied Frederick, but was defeated at Antie- 
taiu (Sept. 17), and forced to retreat, which he 
did with little loss. Dee. 13, 1862, he defeated 
Buniside at Fredcrirksbiirg, Va. ; and at Chan- 
ccllorsvillc, M.ay 2, 1863, defeated Hooker. Ho 
led his army into Pa.; and at Gettysburg was 
defeated with great loss by Gen. sicadc, July 
3-4, 1863. In the spring of 1864 Gen. Grant 
took com. of the tfnion forces; and after a 
struggle of 1 1 months of great severity, during 
whi h Lee was driven back upon liirbmond 
and Petersburg, he was compelled to abaudon 
Ri' hmond, Apr. 2, 1865, and to surrender his 
entire army, Apr. 9, 1865. During this, the 
severest and most destructive campaign of the 



J40 



L.Eir 



war, L<o i'\inci<l (jroal energy and during, m 
well OK PolUirmliip u( ihu lii;;li"»t cliuriu ler. 
Pnii. of Wa-h. Coll., I>'xiii;;i«n. Va., Irom 
Oct. 2, IRG.'i, ii:| his (lealli. In I8GG Ik- i-aiicd 
iii'W ciliuun of liiit f.illirr'a Mi'inoint. Itiii 
" Li.'e uiiiJ Ciiin|.ai|{n«," t)y J. U. .MiC'iil>', 
itiii., vvuM null. 18C9. lli* noiix, Fiizliiiv;li, W. 
11. F., ( i. \V. Cu^liJ^, and K. E., »'iTC oIlici.Ts in 
til'- lonl. il. nmiy. 

Leo, Sam II; I. I'll i lli I**, ri-ar-nilin I'.S.N., 
b. Vu. Kib. I.-), IHII. Mid«lii|.rii. .Nov. U.i, 
I82.'>; liiMit. Fit). 9, 1837; cdin. fv|.t. M. 18.'..'.; 
cnpl. July !G, I8G2; coiiinio. July ib, I8G6; 
ri-nr-n<liii. .Iiiiii-, 1870 ; nliiicliud tocon«l»iirvi'v 
I84l-t and 1847-51 ; coin. Iiritf. " Dolpliin,'" 
I8.'.J ; ►lix.|)-of«iir " Om'idu," in the uttiii k on 
and |Mi><u;;u ol' Fort* Jiiikaon and St. I'liilip, 
and thu l.jitllc"<on llie M| i. from N Uricunn to 
Vii-kslinrg ; in July, l8Gi, toni. llic X. Ailnn- 
tic liloik. M|Uiid., and wm ai'livv in |K.'rrorinin;; 
tli<- iirdiiuiii dniieii ol lliu punt, niakini; ilic 
lilockiiilc HI cfli-clivc; UH |)0»hil.lc. Tiun»f(.rrfd 
to the M|ii M|iiuil in the miininrr ol I8G4, ho 
kepi the Cnniherhinil Uiver open to Tliuinai'ii 
army, hy whieli it wax aii|iplieil and ic-enlorecd. 
Anihiir of " Cruiitv o( (lie Dolphin, " I8JI-2, 
evo, l8-,4. 

Lee, 'riiMHAH, jiiriiit, k. Charlentup, S.C., 
Dee. I, I7C'J; d. there Oel. 24, 18.19. Edu- 
caied lor the le;,'nl prol'uMiion, he noon atliiincd 
a eoinnnindiiij; poniiiun ; niK ineiiil>er ol' the 
Suite UriKJ. ; pren. ul llic Stale Uaiik 1817; 
Slate holieitor 1794; eriinpt.-;;eii. until I8IG; 
iiidj;e ol' the C'.C.I'. 1804; and jiiil^e of the 
U.S court for the dinl. of S.C. from I8J3 till 
thu elor-cof his life. Duriii;; the nnllilleation 
c.xeileinent he waa one of ihc lejidem of thu 
Union parly, and an ahlu writer in iti delcncc. 
lie wan aico active in the teinperancu reform, 
mill ill henevoleiit cnterpriHen. 

1X30, TiioiiAH l.ui.wELL, Btaleaman, b. 
Stalf.iril. Va , ah. 17.30; d laiforo thu elo^e of 
the ItevoL, a. 4 7. Second of the hros. Leu. 80 
di^till|;. in the Kcvol epoch, lie held a conxpiiu- 
oui position an u patriot and lawyer. .Mem- 
Ik'r of ilie house of l>ur;.'i«!ie«, of the conven- 
tions of Jnlv niid Dec. 177.5, and of the com. 
of wifely. In the lueniorahlc lonvcntion of 
May, 177G, he wiw placed on the com. to draft 
n dec!, of ri^jhiH and a plan of kovI. On the 
or);aiiizaiion of thu Stale H'lVl. Iiu wan app. 
one of the 5 reviwiri, and wa« tieetcd onu of 
the 5 jnd;;iH of the (ien. Court. — (Jrif/ilii/. 

Lee, 'riii>v,\ft Sim, maieninan ; i\. Need- 
wood, Freilerick Co., Va., Nov. 9, 1819, a. 75. 
Gov. Md. 1 779-8.J and 1 792-4. Mcinkr Cent. 
ConKrcm l78.'l-4; inemlH'r conveiilion which 
ratilieil the L'.S. ('onitiliilion. 

Loo. William, 5th of the hro». ao dinting, 
in our llivol. nnnalii, h. ah. 17.'17; d. Gicen- 
npriii^', Vn, June 27, 1795. lie wa« •cut to 
I^indon an the iiKcni of Va ; liecamc a menlmnt 
there; and, iH'in;; a lealoiiH Wlii|;. \\m elceled 

nherifr of L I and Middleiiex in 177'), and 

ill 1775 an nldeiinan, hut reni^iicil on the hreak- 
lni;-ont of ihe war, ami went to France. lie 
heartily Joined hi< hron. in maintaining Imc 
Itevol UTagnlv ; communicated iiii|M.rtunt in- 
(elli;,'ence ; and wan iiiip. h\ CoiiKrena cuinmcr- 
t'ial up'nt at Names in Jan. 1777 ; wan alier- 
nanl miiiimcr at Ihe iliiyue, and waa its ii);eut 



at Vienna ami Berlin, but wiu recall' d early 
in 1779. All able writer, and an ardent p.itriot. 

Loe, '/'■ C'oi.LiNH, jiirini ; d. Ualiimore, 
Dec. 2C, 1859. Son of Uii iiaiiu IIi.asd, 
M.C. 1789-95; jiidye of the Drphani' Court, 
Waoliin^ion City, at hi> death, 12 Mur. 1827, 
a. G4. Z. ('. waa an eminent lawyer, and on 
clo<pient and cHictivc i>|wakcr. Edmated in 
the Va. L'. ; he aiudicd l.iw under Win, anil 
pracliaed ill lialtimore with aiiccena. From 
1848 to 185G ho waa U.S. dint.-atty. ; and from 
Nov. 1855, until hi^ death, he waa jiij^o of llie 
Siuierior Court. B -m Dee. 5, 1805. 

LeodS, Joiix, iiurveyor.;.'cn. of Md., b. at 
hi« taiuilv liomeatead in the Hav Hundred of 
TallKJl Co., Md., May 18, 1705; d. Wadea 
I'oiiit I'lantution in Mar. 1790. For 40 _\ean 
lie waa a clerk of the Couniv Court, treaa. 
of llio ICantern Shore, and ajuJ|.'u of the I'rov. 
Court; in 17Gl)-4, hu wa.i apcciullv coniinia- 
• loiied to l■upcrvi^e the returiia of M'»»r». .M«- 
hon and Dixon, of ihe boundariea of Md. and 
I'a. Auilior of " Oluerv. of the Transit of 
Venu>," Juno 3, 17C9, in "I'hil. Trana.," 
1709. 

Lieeser, Naac, reli;;ioua writer, b. Xew- 
kirrh, Westphalia, Dec. 12, I80G; d. Phila. 
Feb. 1, 18G8. Eini::ratinK lo Kieliinond, Va., 
in 1824, he devoted himitelf for a abort time to 
commerce. In 1829-50 be waa riibhi of thu 
principal i,ynai:o;;ue of I'liila. ; niinialer of the 
newconcn'yation Uethcl-cineili, 1857. Aiiionj' 
his woik»aro" The Jews and the Mosale I.aw, ' 
IS't.'l; " Dinconrsea, Ar;;iimentutiie and Devo- 
tional," iaiG-41 ; A roriuyuesc Form of 
I'rayera, 1837; " Descriptive (.eo;;rupbv of 
I'uKsiine;" and a translation of the ilelirew 
Holy Seri|iliirca, a<-eordiiiK I" Jewish au- 
thorities, I85G. Ill 1843, and for some yean 
kub<ci|Uentiv, he eilitcd the Jewitli Ailt'aale (or 
Ocr„lf„l). — Mt,lniir. 

Leete, William, gov. Ct. IOGI-5 and 
|l'.:i>, lill his death, at Hartford, Apr. 16, IG8,'I. 
He came lo N. E. in 1G'I7 ; was an early M-tller 
of N. Haven ; a foundir of the town of (.iuil- 
ford, Sept. 29, 1639; many yeura town clerk 
of a. ; aasist. of New Haven ('ulony 1643-57 ; 
and dep.-(;ov. IG.'>8 and IGG9-75. He was often 
a commits of the Coioniis between 1655 and 
IC79. He befriended and hospitably entertained 
the re|:i('ides \i\ Mar. HiGI. 

Lefovre, I'triift 1'ail, D.I)., R.C. bi-hup 
of Diiroit, [.. Uouler/., West Fhindem, Apr. 
30,1804; d. Detroit, .Mich., Mar. 4, 1S69. 
lie compli'ied his stmlies at I'aria ; came lo the 
U.S. in 1828; ord. Mib-deacon ami priest in 
St. Uluis. .Mo., in I8.'ll ; coinmenced Ins laluri 
at New .Madi id, Mo. ; and was bikiii transferred 
loan extensive mission, eonsistin;:of the north- 
ern part of Mo., the woiern part of III., and 
Southern Iowa Nov. 21, 1841, he was consoc. 
CO niljutorof Detroit. Ho founded St. Mary 'a 
Hospital, the .Mich. Slate Retreat, the Coll. of 
Eouriiin, and siveral orplian-aayluina, conventl, 
aeadeniirs, and scIkhjIs. 

LeftWJch, tiKN. JoBL, b. Bedford Co., 
Vu., 1759; d. there 20 Apr. 1846. A s<ddier 
of the Uevol. ; he fou);hl at (icrmaniown and 
Camden, andalliuilfoid waaacverely wounded. 
He com. a bri|,'ade under llariison at Ft. Mcii^i 
in the war of 1812; becamu a mig. 



II 1' 1. .>lcii:i 
gcu. ol nil- 



LKG- 



541 



XLiXBI 



litiii; WHS often a member of tlie Vn. Icyisl.; 
und iimny ^oiirs ii J. 1'. of Redlorii (N). 

Legare (Ich-xree'), Iluoii ^^\VINro^•, law- 
yer ihkI seliular, 1>. C'linrleslon, S C, 2 .Inn. 
'iruT; .1. Uosion, 'JO June, 184.'). S.C. Coll. 
1S14. Iir Ilii^'iienot iteseeiu. Alter .3 yeiirs' 
study ol law, he went to Kdinliur^li, where ho 
stndie<l eivil law, inatheinatics, |ihilos., nnd 
ehem. ; travelled in lCuro[)e in ISI'.), nnd, rc- 
tnniin;.' in 1820, devoted Imnself lor a lime to 
a^rie. piirsiiiis near t^liarleston, S.C. lie nl- 
terwaiil |iraeiised law in C; sat in the State 
le(.'isl. till IS.'IO; became nttv.-j^en. of the State; 
watt at the snino time ])rinei|)al editor of the 
■Southern AVivVir, and n eontiih. to the X.Y. 
/.'enVit',- cliuiy^ il'all'aires to Hcl(;inm 18.32-6; 
M (^. 1837-9 ;" and "US. ntty.-},'cn. from Mar. 
1841 , to his death. He advoeated State rif;ht3, 
but 0|i|)Osed nidlilication. Hi,s writings, ed. 
by Ids sister, were eoU. and |jub. in '2 vols. 
8vo, 1846. His sister, M.vitT Swinton Le- 
OARir UiLt.KN, artist, b. Charleston, S. C, 
ab. 1801). Amon(; her best works' are a 
" .S]Hlni^h Pointer," and "The l)oj;s of St. 
Bernard." In 1849 she emiurnied to F^'e Co., 
Iowa, and founded at West Point " I.cgnriS 
Coll.," lor the liberal education of women ; to 
wbieh. for many years, she devoted her time 
and means 

Legge, Finvcis, lieut.-gov. of Nova 
Scotia, .hinc, 1773; administered its nflairs 
nijiil 1782 ; d. at his sent near Pinner, Kng., 
May 1.'), 17S3. A|ip. capt. 4('>th Foot, Feb. 
17.V6; lieut.-col. S.'ith., I'eb. 177.3. 

Leggett, MonTiMi-;ti I)., lawyer nnd sol- 
dier, ii. lllmca, N Y., Apr. 19, 1831. His par- 
ents, who were Frienils, took him at IG to 
Cean^'n Co., Ohio. ' Adm, to the bar in I8r)3, 
He removed 10 Zanesville in 1857; continued 
to practise, and abso to superintend the jjublic 
schools of that ci:y, until the fall of 1861, when 
he rai^ed the 78tb Ohio Inf., anil was made 
col. .J.iii. 1 1, 1862. He was at Fort Donelson ; 
at Pittsburg Landing, where he was disting. and 
wounded ; siege of Corinth ; com. a brigade ; 
and captured Jackson, Tenn., in June ; and 
Aug. 30, at IJolivnr, Tenn., with 800 men, re- 
nul.-ed 7,000 reliels, and was slightly wounded ; 
brig.-gen Nov. 29, 1862. Severely wounded 
at Chain|iion Hills, and at the siege of Vicks- 
burg ; he was in the battles of the Atlanta 
campaign ; in Sherman's march to the sea, 
eomg. 'Id div. 17tb corps; brev. mnj.-gen. July 
22, 1864 ; maj -gen. Jan. l."), 1865 ; US com- 
rai?s. of patents, Jan. 13, 1871. — Rehrs Olda 
in (lie War. 

liOggOtt, William, polit. and miscell. 
wriier, b. N.V. ('itv, 1802; d. New Hochello, 
Mav 29. 18)9. (ieorget. Coll. 1822. Mid- 
shipm. U.S.N. 1 822-6; afterward devoting him- 
self mainly to literary pursuits. He collected 
into a vol. some of his eoiitribs. to the Mirror 
and other publications, under the title of " Tales 
by a Country Schoolmaster." followed by one 
eiititleil "Sketches at Sea" He in. in 1828 
Alinira, dau. of John Waring, Ksii., of New 
Hodalle, and in the autumn of the same year 
establi~lud in N.Y, the rnV/c, a weekly literary 
periorlicid, which, at the end of six months, was 
united with the Mirrm: In 1829 Mr. I,eggett 
became ussoe. with Mr. Ilivaut of the ICvi'iiimj 



Post, of winch he was chief ed. in IS34-.) 
Though a decided Democrat, he defeiuled du- 
ring the riot.s in 1835, in whieli ci-riain abolition 
meetings were attacked and ili.^per^ed with 
violence, the right of liberty of speech with 
the same freedom with which be treated oilier 
questions. In 1836 he conducted the I'liiiii 
Ui-alir, a weekly devoted to polities and lite- 
rature. Sul)scqiu'nt ill health prevented liu'tber 
literary labor. App. in Apr. 1839 diplomatic 
agent to the liepub. of Guatemala, he was 
preparing for bis departure to that country, 
when he suddenly expired. Mr. Sedgewiek 
coll. and pub. two vols, of his political essays, 
1840. 

Leib, Dn. Michael, statesman, b. 1760; 
d. Phila. Dec. 28, 1822. Member of the State 
legisl.; M.C. 1799-1806; U.S. senator 1808- 
14 ; u|ip. postmaster of Pbila. in 1814. 

Laidy, Joski'II, M.D., naturalist and phy- 
siologist, b. I'bila. Sept. 9, 182.3. U. of Pa. 
1844, and elected in I8.")3 to the chair of anat- 
omy in that institution, which he still occu- 
pies. Some of his valuable eontribs. to the 
sciences of comparative anatomy and vertebrate 
paleontoloiiy are in the " Proeeedin;;s of the 
Acad, of Natural Sciences," the " Trans, of 
the Philos. Society," nnd the " Smitbsouian 
Contribs." Korbisbingrapby, and a list of his 
writings, see A'../. Mnl. Jlrjiorlcr for Sept. 1 853. 
Since 1860, besides publishing an " Elementary 
Treatise on Anatomy," he baa added largely 
to his list of scientific papers. 

Leigh, Bkn.iamin Watkiss, LL.T). 
(Win. and M. Coll. 1835), lawyer, b. Cliestcr- 
lield Co., Vn., 18 June, 1781 ; d. Uiclimoud, 
Vn,, 2 Feb. 1849. Wm. and M. Coll, 1802. 
Son of Kev. William. Adm. to the bar in 
1802, he practised first at Petersburg, nnd nfter 
181.3 at Hichmond, taking high rank. Jlem- 
ber of the legisl. ; of the Const. Conv. of 1830- 
1 ; State reporter 1829-41 ; a commiss. to 
revise the statutes of Va. ; nnd U.S. senator in 
1834-7. He took a prominent nnd eloquent 
part in the senate debates, but, differing with 
the majority of his constituents, resigned, and 
passed the rest of his days in retireunnt. Hu 
pub. Reports Court of Appeals nnd Gen. 
Court of Va. 1829-41, 12 vols. Svo, 1833-44. 

Leigh, CiiAitLES, a British gen. ; d. 7 Aug. 
1815. Ivusign 3d Guards, .Mar. 1764; eapt. 
Apr. 1770; lieut. col. Apr. 1777; col. Nov. 
1782; geu. Si'iit. 1803. He was in llie battlesof 
Long Island, White Plains, Fort Wa^lliu.:ton, 
anil the winter campaign in the Jerseys 1776-7; 
served in Holland in 1793 ; and in the W. Indies 
in 180.5-6. 

Leisler, Jacou, who led the insurrection 
at N.Y. ill 1689, b. F'rnnkfort, Germany ; d. 
May 16, 1691. He bad previously enjoyed 
some innuince among the people, but was 
totally uuqiiablied for the direction of such an 
enterprise. He cnnio to Amer. in 1660, and, 
nfter a brief residence in Albany, became a 
trader in N.Y. While on a voyage to I'lirope 
in 1678, be, with seven others, was made a 
prisoner by the Turks, to whom he paid a high 
ransom. Gov. Dongaii app him one of the 
commiss. of the Court of Admiralty in 1683. 



Aller ho had dispersed the parly favorable 
King James in the city of N.\ ., and assumed 



the 



r.EiL. 



542 



I-JuX 



adminHtnition, he procciilct] lo Alliunv : took 
till' (oil, mill lonlisi-iiicil ihi- |iro|H.'riy of tliosc 
who (>|i|io9Cil Uii uuilioriiy. On tlic arrival of 
(iiiv. iSUiiichtcr in Maivh, I6'JI, lie for Home 
linii' ivfusc'd to Aurrcndcr ihu Ion hi N.Y. to 
liiin ; but he at length almmloneil it, Hnd was 
bwm after teized, and condemned for treuwn. 
Ill I68'J, while exenisin;; the tunctions ol gov., 
lie purdiiised New Uochelle for the per^ceutcd 
lIn;.'iienots. 

Leland, Cuarlks Godfrev, author, h. 
Philu. Alii;. 15, 1»;;4. N.J. Coll. 1845. He 
allurwaid i^tudied ut the L'nivci'!>itie.4 of lU-idel- 
bir;;, Mnnieh, iind Paris ; was n resident of 
Paris during the revol. in Feb. 1848. Keturn- 
iiig to I'hilu. in t'.at year, he studied law, and 
was adiii. to the liar, but soon devotetl himself 
wholl/ to literary |mrsuii^. He has been ed- 
itor or contrib. to tlie A'liiiir liorjlcr Miiij., .S(/i- 
Uiins, the InUrmitionat, Gi'tiltaiHS, the Phila. 
IJiillttiii, &c. lie has pub. " The I'oetry and 
Alystcry of Drcuins," 1855; " Meistcr K-irl's 
Slietch'lSook," 1856; a collection of iiii~cel- 
luiiies.aiid sketches of foreign travel ; "Pictures 
of Travel," 1856; a traii>lation of Heine's 
" Ueisebilder ; " also Heine's " Book of Song ; " 
and ' Hans Dieiimann Ballads," 1868-9. Uc 
resides in New York. 

Lelaild, Hlnuv Pehbv, author, bro. of 
diaries G., b. Phila. Ocu 28, 1828; d. there 
Sept. a, I8(J8. His tine natural gifts had been 
cul.ivatcd by extensive and various study. He 
was a Irequtnt contrib. in pro>c and verse to 
the newspapers und magazines. Author of a 
vol. of sketches ol foreign travel, " Americans 
in Uoine," and a vol. of liunuirous jiketches, en- 
titled " 'i'he tjniy Bay Marc," 1856. During 
the (ivil war he was a lieut. in the IlSih Pa. 
r.:gt. 

Lelaud, JoUN,clergvman, b. Grafton, Ms., 
May 14, 1751; d. N. Adams, Ms., Jan. 14, 
1841. A Baptist preacher in Va. in 17T5-91. 
I'l'oiii Feb. 1792 until his dejtth he was settled 
in Cheshire, Ms. His literary productions, 
including essays on a varieiy of subjects, to- 
gether wiih his Auiobiiigrapby, and Notices of 
Ills Lite by Miss I.. F. (jreene were pub. in 1 
vol. 8vo, 1845. He was a man of great eccen- 
tricity and shrewdness, and a zealous Demo- 
crat.' In the latter part of 18U1 he went to 
Washington to present to Mr. JelVirson a niam- 
moih cheese, weighing 1,450 pounds, as a testi- 
monial of the estivni and confidence of the 
peojile of Cheshire in the new chief magistrate. 

IjClaotl, Oli vtR SiiEP.\Ri),dr«matic critic 
and author; d. Walibain, Ms., Apr. 17, I87U, 
u. .'tT. H.U. 18.54. He was n contrib. to the 
periodical press of N.Y. and Boston ; pub. somo 
interesting luipers in the KitickeiliotKer Mivi.; 
uiid wrote " I'll'! C/.arina" and other plays. Uo 
ni. a dau of L. Gayloid Clark. 

Le Mcrcier, Andrew, pastor of the 
Fivii.h Prot. Ciiurvh, Boston; d. Mar. 31, 
176U, u. 71. lie was educated, probably, at the 
U of Geneva; and in 1715, through tiic influ- 
ence ol Andrew F«ueuil,caine lo this conniiv, 
nucceediug the Uev. Peter Daillc'. He pub. in 
I7a2 a history of the Geneva Cliurkh, I2mu; 
iiUo, in the /ame vol., " A Geographical and 
Political Account of the Ilepuhlic ol lieiieva," 
76 pages. In 17UJ was pub. his "Treatise 



against Detraction." For the relief of tiinrir.crs 
nhipwrecked on the Isle of Sables, he bui!l a 
house, to which he sent c.iltie and provisions, 
and which was the means of .■'Uving many lives. 
Lemoine, a disting. Caimuian family, two 
of whiiin I Bienville and Ilierville) are elsewhere 
uoted, sprung from C'hnries of Normandy, 
sieur of Ixiiigueil and of Chateauguay. u iioied 
leader in the war of the Freneli against the Iro- 
quois, and who had 1 1 sons, among whom wero 
Charles, baron of Uongiieil, b. .Montreal, 
Dee. 10, 1656; d. there June 8, 1729. Ho 
exercised great inHuence over the Indians; 
fought against the Kiiglish under Plii|>s. nlio 
attiK'kcd (jiielwc in 1690; was miide guv. of 
Montreal, and baron, in 1700, on a: count of his 
services to the Colony, and es[iecia.ly lor having 
erected a fort of sione on his estate at I^mgueil ; 
fought successfully against the ICiigiish gen. 
NicTiolson in 1711; and was made a chev of 
St. Louis. He was governor to Sept. 2, 1726. 
Pall, sieur lie Mariconrt, b. Moniival, Dee. 15, 
l6U3;'d. there ab. 17u2. Di-ling. himself 
under his bro. Iberville in Hudson's Bay, and 
i-oin. the Iri>qiiois, who adhercil to the French, 
and the AUiiakis, in a great exped. under 
Fronlenac ; w.is si nl on an t.niba.ssy lo the hos- 
tile I'oquois in 1699; ami uidnl in negotiating 
peace with ihem in 17ul. Joseimi, sieur de 
Sevigny, b Montreal, July 22, 1668 ; d Uoche- 
tort, France, 17J4. Bred a sailor, and holding 
a commission in the royal na»\v,ho also served 
under Iberville against the English in Hmlson's 
Bay; was eiiiploycd in La , the toasts of which 
he surveyed ill 1718-19; took Pcnsacola from 
the Spaniards, May 14, 1719, and repuUeU 
them with gnat gallantry from l)anphiii Island 
in Mobile Bay, Aug. 19, 17 I9,alier a siege of a 
fortnight ; Ijccamc capt. of a ship of the line 
in 1723; soon after lear-adm. and gov. of 
liocliefort, which othcc be held nt his death. 
SaNVulLE, tirst gov. of La., b. Monii-eal ab. 
1671 ; d. Biloxi, .\lpi., July 22, 1701. Though 
of fe.bic constitution, he early evinced remark- 
able talent ; and, inheriting a large fortune 
Iroin an aunt, was educated in France. Dis- 
ting. at coll., and of a striking |K'rsonal nppe.ir- 
ttiice, his success in society was briUianL Ra- 
cine pronounced hiin a |>oet ; Bossuet predicted 
that he would lie a great orator; and Viilars 
culled him a marshal in embryo. He aecoinp. 
his bros. IlHTville and BienVillcon their e\|>eil. 
to the mouth of the Mpi. Ibcrvdlc left him in 
com. of the Colony, of which, in 1699, (..ouis 
\I V. i\pp. him gov. lie held tbcofBcr till death. 
Antoine, sieur de Chateauguay. b. Montreal, 
July 7, 1683 ; d. Cayenne ab 1730. Entering 
the royal navy, he arrived in La. in 1704, at 
the head of a body of colonists; »ervc«l under 
Ilierville in his last exped. against the Ijiglish 
in 1705-6; took com. of Pensaeoln after its 
capture from the Spaniunls, May 14, and sar- 
rcnderrd it to them Aug. 7, 1719; was upp, 
lieut. i:ov. of the Colony in 1719; took com. 
at .Mobile after the p<-ace in 1 72(i ; was reini>«eil 
from office in 1726, and ordered to France, 
w hence be was subsciincnilvseni to Cayenne as 
gov..— »;i ..llicc be hel'l till he died. 

L'Enfautf Petch Ciiarles, enginwr, b. 
Fianie, 1753, d. rrincc Gi'or.-esCo., Md.,Juna 
14, 18.:5. A lieut. iu the French prov. acrrioo, 



LE>r 



543 



LES 



he entered the Amer. army in the full of 1777 
Hs an eiigr. ; was made capt. Feb. 18, 1778; 
and at tlie sii'i;e of Savannah was wounded, and 
kit on the field. He alteiward served under 
the immediate command of Washington ; inaj. 
May 2, I78.'l; employed as the en;.'r. of Fort 
SlilBin in 1794; and app. prof of enirinecring 
at \Ve.st Point, July, 1812, Imt declined. Au- 
thor ot the rian of the City of Wasliington, 
and arcliiteet of some of its bnildin<.'s. 

Lenoir, Gen. William, of Fieneh descent, 
h. Brun»«iek Co., Va., Mav 31, 1751 ; d. Fort 
Defiance, Wi'.kes Co., X.C, Alay 6, 1 S.-(9. While 
yo^n^. his father's family removed to N.C. 
Wiiliain took a most active part in the Revol. 
war ; and at King's Mountain waseapt. in Col. 
Cleveland's re^l. For 18 years he was major- 
gen, of the N.C. militia; was a justice of the 
peace ab. 60 years; for many years was a mem- 
ber of the Slate legist ; for 5 years was pres. 
of the Senate; and for several years was pres. 
Ill tlic Council. 

IiCOnard, D.ixiel, jurist and political wri- 
ter, li. Xoiton. Ms., Mav 29, 1740; d. Lond. 
June27, lSi9. H.U. 1760. Grandson of Maj. 
George, and son of Col. Ephraim. J.iines 
and Henry Leonard, sons of Thos. of Poniy- 
pool, came to Taunton, Ms., in 1652; and 
James established theic tlie first iron-works in 
the US., and d. 1091. a. 73. Uenry settled in 
N. .Jersey ; and to these ininiigranis nea ly all the 
familicsof Leonard in the U.S. may bo traced. 
Daniel became a prom lawyer, and memberof 
the Assembly, an<l at first supported the Whig 
cause with great eloquence and energy. Pos- 
sessing great talent and a large fortune, he 
acquired great ])opularity, which he soon lost 
by yielding to the persuasions of Gov. Iluichin- 
son in becoiniug a loyalist. He left Boston 
with the British troops; resided awhile in Cng ; 
was many years chief justice of Bermuda ; and 
finally resided in London. His fame rests 
upon his controversy with Jo!m Adams, under 
the respective signatures of "Xovanglus'' and 
" Msasachnsettensis," reprinted in 1819 with a 
preface by John Adams. The letters of Leonard, 
which have been several times rcpr., present 
the best defence of the measures o( the British 
Govt, which appeared on this side of the water. 
Tlicv were long attributed to Jonathan Sewall. 

iJeonard, Glorge, LL.D. (B. U. 1804), 

lawver, h. Nortoif, Ms., Julv 4, 1729; d. Uavn- 
hatn, Ms., July 26, 1819. 'H U. 1748. the 
Leonards were a noted fijmily, having pos- 
sessed great wealth, and held various offices of 
honor, trnst, and profit. Grandson of Maj. 
George (whod. Sept. 5, 1716, a. 44). and son of 
Giorge (IG9S-1778; judge of C.C. P. and Pro- 
bate; member of the Council in 1741; and 
chief justice in 1746). He was a successful law- 
vr, belli the same offices as his father, and was 
Al.C in I7S0-'.).J and 1795-7. 

Leonard, J.VMES T., capt. U.SN.. b. N.Y. ; 
d. Nov. 9. 18.'!2. Midshipm. Feb 26, 1799; was 
in the action with the French ship " La Ven- 
geance," Feb. 1, ISOO; lient. Jan. \% 1807; 
nia-ter-com. July 4. 1SI2; capt. Feb. 4, 1815. 

Leonard, Llvi WAsnnfRN. D.D. (H U. 
184'J). minister ol Dublin. N H., Irom Sept. 6, 
1820, to 1854, b. S. Dridgewaler. Ms., June I, 
1790; d. Exeter, N U., Dec. 12, 1864. U.U. 



1815. Preceptor of Bridgewaier Acad. 1816- 
17. He pub. several school texr-books, a his- 
tory of Dublin, N.H., in 1855 ; edited the Exe- 
tcrXnvsLrllei- from 1855 to July, 1863; and 
was a proficient in entomology. 

Leri de (ilehleh-ic), Jean, a French Prot- 
estant minister who labored in Br.izil in 1556- 
8. and wJio pub. an account of liis vovage to 
Brazil in 1577; b. 1534; d. 1611. 

Le Roy, William E., commo. U.S.N , b, 
N.Y. Mar. 24, 1817, Midshipm. Jan, II, 1832; 
lieut. July 13, 1843 ; Com. July 1, 1861 ; capt. 
July 25. 1866 ; fleet capt. European squadron, 
under Farragut, 1867-8; commo. July, 1870. 
Attached to steamer " Prineeion," and in en- 
gagement with Mexican soldiers at Kio Ari- 
biqua. in 1847, Com. steamer "Keystone 
State," S. Atl. Block, sqmid., at capture of Fer- 
nandina, Fla,, 1862; in engageineni with iron- 
clads off Charleston, S.C, Jau. 1863; com. 
steam-sloop " Oneida," W. Gulf squad.. 1864 ; 
steam-sloop " Ossipee," W. Gulf squad., 1864- 
5 ; in the battle of Mobile Bay, Aug. 5, 1864, 
when about running down " The Tennessee," 
that vessel surrendered to Capt, Le Roy. — 
HamersI,,. 

Lery, Vicomte de, a disting. French 
engr. officer, b, Quebec, 17.54; d, Sept. 6, 
1824, near Melun, France, He was of an old 
Canadian family. In early life entered the 
French engr. service ; was in several sea-fights 
during the American Revol. war; and placed 
in a state of defence the islands of Gauduloupe 
and Tobago. He served with Kleber, Jour- 
dan, and Bernadotte ; established the intrench- 
ed camp at Dusseldorf; fortified Mayencc; 
conducted the siege of Phillipsburg, and be- 
came gen of brigade in 1799. In 1805 he was 
maile lient.-gen ; accomp. JIarshal .Macdonald 
through the difficult camp.iigns of the Grisons; 
fortified Palma Nova; and was afterward con- 
cerned in many of the great battles ot (jermany 
and Spain — Morr/nn. 

L'Escarbot (la'-kar'-bo'). Marc, lawyer 
Oi Paris, b. at Vervins, He contributed to 
form the first French colony in Canada ; was a 
man of cultivation and energy; resided u while 
at Port Roval, now Annapolis. N, S. ; and 
pub, " fjes iluses d" la Nourelle Fiance," and 
" Ilistoire dc la Xuui'tlle France," Paris. 1609, 
and in 16! 1 and 1618, This work was trans- 
lated and pub. in Lond, 1609 — OuyrhlnrJc. 

Leslie, Hon. Alexander, gen,, u British 
officer in the Revol, war; d, Dec, 1794, Maj, 
(64ih) June, 1759; lient,-col. Jan. 1762; brig.- 
gen., and com. the light inf at the battle of 
Long I.^land, Aug. 1776; served at the cap- 
ture of Charleston, May, 17S0; invaded Va. 
with 3 000 men, Oct. 16, 1780; and in Dec. 
joined Cornwallis in N.C." He com. the right 
wing at the battle of Guilford, and at the close 
of the war was com. at Charleston. 

Leslie, Charles Robert, painter, h. 
London, Oct. 17, 1794; d. near London, May 
5. 1859. His parents were natives of Md. 
The family returned to America when Charles 
was about 5 years old, he having already given 
extraordinary indications of a talent for paint- 
ing. At six years of age he could sketch from 
recollection, and with accuracy, the likeness of 
any person whom he was in the habit of seeing. 



LRS 



.044 



LETV 



Having witnw^ol Cooke's personiition ofRk-h- 
nnl, III' iniiile a sketch of iliit k-'i'teil nrlor in 
this Ilia inosi cclcbniieil part, wliiili was iniieh 
adiniivtl and talked of; and he was conso4|iieiit- 
\y ciialilol to siiidv liiii uri in l'.iiru|K-. Shortly 
after arriving in London (in ISl'l), he sent to 
Phila. hi.'- Iii>t original oil-picture, Willium of 
Delorainc, Irom " The Lay of the Last Min- 
Mrtl." The great huinorouM nut lion of Eng. 
became the chief source ol his inspiration, and 
hare licen iliustraied hy his jicncil. lie was 
anp. teacher of drawing at West Point Acad., 
Mar. 18-13, liui resigned Apr. 18.14, when he 
rcturneil to Kng. ; and from 1847 to ISjI was 
prof, of painting ai the Roy. Acad. The sub- 
stance of his lectures while there ha< been pub. 
under the title of " A Handbook for Young 
Painters." He is also the author of" A Life 
of Constable, ■■ the landsca|>e-paiiiicr. Among 
the best pro<luctio'ns of his pencil arc " May 
Day in the IJeign of Elizabeth, " ' Slender 
courting Anne Page." " Lady Jane Gn-y pre- 
vailed on to accept the Ciown," " Sancho 
ivlating his Adventures to the Duches.s,'' 
" Sir Uo:;er de Covcrly going to Church," and 
" Ealstart iliiiiiig at Page's House 

IiOSlie, Eliz.i. authoress, b. Phila. Nov. 
l.'), ITiST; d. Gloucester, N.J, Jan. 2, 18.58. 
Her great grandlaihcr( Robert) emigrated horn 
Scotl.ind ab. 1745. Her filher, a watchmaker, 
and a man of science, was a nieiiiher of the 
Ainer. Pliilos Society, and the personal friend 
of Franklin and JcBirson. She accomp. her 
parents to Eng. in 1793, and returned to the 
U.S. with them in 1800. since then IX^^idi^g 
almost wholly in Phila. In her 4Uih year she 
pub. bcr first work. " Seventy-live Receipts for 
PasrryCakes and Sweetmeats," which was fol- 
lowed' by a scries of works on the culinary art, 
which have made her widely known ; in 1831 
she pub. " The Ameriean Girls' Book." Hav- 
ing obtuined from Mr. Godcy, editor of the 
Ladi/'.-i D'lol:. a priac for her story of " Mrs. 
Washington Potts," she lor several years con- 
trib. to the magazines and journals, licside 
editing several annuals. " Amelia, or a Young 
Lady'» Vicissitudes," is her only novel ; her 
other works being short talcs or sketches. 
The mo'-t |X>pular of these are 3 vols of Pen- 
cil-Skeii hcs," of which a new edition np|>earcd 
in 18JJ. She also pub. " Alihea Vernon." 
" Henrietta Robinson." "Lconilla I,ynnmoro." 
and "The Behavior-Book." Chables Ro- 
BEiiT and brcv. Brig.-Gen. Thomas Jeffeh- 
SOS Leslie. U.S.A., arc her bros. Her Auto- 
biog. is in Hart's " Female Proic-Wrilcrs of 
America" 

Iiester, Charles Edwakus. author, b. 
Griswold, Ci-, July 15, 1815. Uii the maternal 
aide he is deseeiuled Irom Jonathan Edwards. 
Before completing bis studies, he iiassed 3 or 4 
yean chiefly in tlie South and Uest; studied 
law in Mpi., ami was adin. to the bar, but 
8|>ent "2 years at tlic Auburn Theol. Scm., and 
was ord." to the ministri'. He liecame an anti- 
slavery lct.'lurcr. and was sent n ilelegate to the 
Worlii's Anti«lavery Convention of 1840, in 
London. U. S. consul at Genoa from June, 
184'J, to Sept. 1847. He h:n since practised 
law in N.Y. City. Besides contributin'.; largely 
to the periodical press, he has edited various 



journals and magazines, and is the author of 
" The Glory and Shame of Knglaod." i viiU. 
1841; "Condition and Fate ol England," 
1842; "The Artist. .Merchant, and States- 
Inan," 1845 ; "Life ond Voyages of Anicricus 
Vespucius." 1846 ; " Artists ot America," 
1846; "My Consulship." 1851; and other 
works. He has pub. translations of Alfieri's 
" Auiobio'_Taphy, ' 1845; d'Aieglio's " Chal- 
lenge of liartella," 1845; Macliiavelli'a "Flor- 
entine Histories," 1846. 

Letcher, Jons, gov. Va. ISSO-t, b. Lex- 
ington, Va., Mar. a9, 1813. Studied ul Wash. 
Coll. and at Hand. Macon Coll. Aibipied the 
profession of the law, and was admitted to 
practice in 1839; during that vear established 
and for a lime editwl tlie Vulltii Star in Lex- 
ington ; member of the Const. Conv. uf Vo. ia 
1850; M. C. 1851-9, and a prominent seces- 
sionist. Has piactisi'd law since 1864 

Ijetcber, Robeht P., b Goochland Co., 
Va ; d. Fianklori, Ky., Jan. '24, ISill. He 
received a gooil education, and adopted the 
profession of the law ; strved some years ia 
the State legisl-, and was nl one time s|ic'akcr 
of the house; M C. 1823-33; gov. of Ky. 
1840-4 ; anil ministir to .Mexico in 1849- 

Leutze (ioii'-scb). Emasccl, painter, l>. 
Emingen, Wunembcrg, Mav 24, 1816; d. 
Washington, I). C, July 18', 1868. In his 
youth he emigrated with his parents to Phila. 
lie early displayed talent with the pencil, and 
acquired facility in taking likenesses. His first 
deciilcil success in painiing was a pictuit rep- 
resenting an Indian guzing at the sciiiii'.' sun, 
the sucressofwhieli enabled him in 1841 to study 
nt Dusseldorf under Lessing. His "Columbus 
before the Couiic il of Salamanca " was pur- 
chased by the Dusseldorf Art I'liion , and his 
" Columbus in Chains " procuivd liim ilie 
medal of the Brussels Art Exhibition. In 
1843 be studied at .Munich, where be tiiii.-hed 
his " Columbus before the Qiu'en." Alter a 
lengthened lour in Italy, he in lt'45 returned 
to Dusseldorl. where he m- and islablisbcd 
himself, but in 18-59 returned to the U- S. 
Among his best works arc " The Landing of 
the Norsemen in America." " Croinwe;l and 
his Daughter," " The Court of Queen Eliza- 
beth." " Henry VIll. mid Aiiiic Uokyn," ond 
" The Iconoclast." He has depieied many of 
the sinking events ol the Rcvoi. war, as 
" Wa.diiiigton Crossing the IK'laware, " '" Wasii- 
ington at Munmouili." " WH«hiiigion at the 
Battle of Monongaliela," " News liwiii Lexing- 
ton." " Scigcaiit Jasper," and "Washington 
at Princeton." " Westward the S.ar of Em- 
pire lakes it Way." a large picture for one of 
the staircases in the Capitol at Washington, it 
much the finest work of the kind in the U.S. 

Leverett, FiiEDEnic Percival, scholar 
and leuclicr, b. Porlsmouih Sept. II, 1801 ; d. 
Boston, I lit. 6, 1836. H.U. 1821- A dcsi'cndant 
of Gov- John. Princii>al of the Boston Latin 
School, and afterwards taught a private school. 
Author of a Latin lexicon, and editor of 
several of the cl.isaics. 

Leverett, Sir Jonx. gov. of Ms. 1673-9, 
h. Ell;:. 1616 ; d. Mar. 16, 1679. He cmig. to 
America with his lather (Thomas), a gentle- 
man of property, and alderman of Boston. 



LEV 



545 



r,K"w 



Ens., in 1633. John disting. himself very 
early in tlie Colony, ami successively held each 
otfiie of trust and honor in its ^itt. Thou^'h 
ch ri>liln;;.a tasie tor military life, and com. the 
A. and 11. Ait. Coinp.. he dovoted this portion 
of his time to mercantile pursuits. In 1644 
he returned to Kn.^ , and perfoiined eminent 
scrviceas captain in tin* parliamentary armv. lie 
was an intimate friend of ('ronnvell, and (io.i')- 
62) was the agent of the Colony in Kii^land. 
In 1651-3 and '63-.i he was a delegate to the 
(jcn. Court; was also speaker of the house 
(1663-4), and one of the governor's council in 
1665-71; tilled the office of maj.-gen. from 
1663 to 1673, and that of dep.-gov. in I67I-3. 
He was the executive during King Philip's 
war; and by his superior guidance that contest 
was favorahly terminated. He was among the 
most illustrious of the fathers of N.K. ; and in 
Aug. 1076 he was created kni;;ht and haronet 
bv Charles II. — Ltverell Memorial, Boston, 
8vo, IS.')6. 

Leverett, Jons, grandson of the preced- 
ing, h. Huston, Aug. 23, 1662; tl. May 3, 
1724. il.U. 16S0. He was an eminent law- 
yer and judge, speaker of the Colonial legisl., 
member of the council, and pros, of H.U. from 
Jan. 1707, until his il. His attainments were 
extensive; and lie received the honor, then 
rarely bestowed upon colonists, of membership 
in the Roy. Society. Conimiss. to Port lioyal 
I7ii7 : to "the Indians 1704. 

Leverich, or Leveridge, itEv. Wiiy- 

LIAM, b. Eng. ; d. Xcatown, L. I., early in 
1677. U. of Camb., Eng. Arrived at Salem, 
Ms., with Wiggins's Co., Oct. 10, 1633. In 
1638 he became first pnstor of the church at 
Sandwich, and instructed the Cape Cod Indi- 
ans, bein ;; employed by the commissioners of the 
United Colonies a:j a missionary. He removed 
to Oyster Bay, L.I , in Apr. 16.53 ; was pastoral 
Huntington from 163S tol669,andat Newtown 
from ll'.69 to his death. — Ri/cr's Xeivlown. 

Le Vert, Octavh Walto.n, authoress, 
b. Bellevue, near Augusta, Ga., ab. 1820. Gr.- 
dan. of George Walton, a signer of the Decl. of 
Indep. Her father, the terr. sec. of Fla., re- 
moved to Pen.saeola in 1821. He was after- 
ward, for a time, gov. of the Territory. She 
became a proficient in the languages ; spent 
•he winter of 1833^ in Washington, and wrote 
jut reports of the principal specrhes, so admir- 
able, that it i-i said Mr. Clay, Mr. Calhoun, Mr. 
Weljsier, and others, were all in the habit of 
calling to read from her portfolio the reports of 
their own speeches. In 1836 she m. Dr. Henry 
S. Le Vert, a physician of Mobile, where she 
has since resided. She has made two visits to 
Eunjpe. the results of which are " Souvenirs 
of Travel," IS57. A contrib. to Amer. and 
English periodicals, and was engaged upon a 
work embodying her " Souvenirs of IJistin- 
guished Americans," until prevented by a 
painful accident. She possesses great conver- 
sational power and rare natural gifts. 

Leresque, Edgexe, a French author of 
" Travels in America ; " d. Paris, Jan. 5, 1852, 
a. 81. 

Levis, FiiANi;OTS, marshal, due dc, a 
French gen., b. Chiitcau d'Anjac Languedoc, 
1720; d. 1787, whilst endeavoring to uphold 



the State of Artois. Levy de Ventadour, vice 
roy of New France in 1623, was born at the 
same chateau. He early entered thearmy ; was 
aide-decamp to Marshal de Levis Mirepoix, 
with whom he captured 2 battalions ol the en- 
emy near Montalhan, by persuading tiii'in that 
they were surroumled by the whole Frcru-h 
army ; and. though only " chL'Vali<'r," dr Levis 
was second in com. under Montcalm. He com 
the right division at the battle of Carillon, aln(< 
at Montmorenci, where Wolfe was repulsed. 
He was absent at Montreal itt the first battle 
of Quebec. At the second battle, near St. 
Foy, Levis com. and achieved a victory over 
Murray. After the surrender of Quebec, he 
returned to France ; served under the Prince 
of Conde' as lieut.-gen. at the battle of Johan- 
nisbcrg in 1762; and in 1783 received the 
govt, of Artois, and the rank of marshal, as a 
reward for his services ; and in 1784 was made 
a duke and peer of France. A monument to 
the memory of this brave and good man, in the 
Catiiedral of Arras, wasdestroyod by theinsane 
fury of the populace during the Revol. 

Levy, Ukiah P., commo. U S.N., b. Pa. ; 
d. N.Y. City, Mar. 22, 1862. He entered the 
navy. Mar. 29, 1812 ; was an ofBcer of the brig 
" Argus," which escaped the blockade, took 
out ,\lr. Crawford minister to France, and de- 
stroyed in the British Channel 21 sail, one of 
which had a cargo worth $625,000. On the 
capture of " The Argus," he was made pris- 
oner, and held 2 years. Lieut. Mar. 5, 1817; 
com. Feb. 9, 1837; capt. Mar. 29, 1844. His 
last cruise was in 1858 as flag-offi-er of the 
Mediterranean squadron. Com. Levy was the 
mover of the effort to abolish flogging in 
the navy. Ho pub. a "Manual of Rules and 
Regulations for Ships-of-War." An ardent 
admirer of Jetferson, he became the owner of 
Monticello, the valuable estate once owned by 
that statesman, which, with all its stock, dwell- 
ings, pictures, &c., was confiscated by the con- 
federates, in consequence of his devotion to the 
" old flag." 

Lewis, Alo.vzo, " The Lvnn Bard," poet 
and historian, b. Aug. 28, 1""94; d. Jan. 21, 
1861. He was educated at the school and acad. 
of his native town, where he resided during 
his life. He was a teacher, and beciiine prin- 
cijnil of the acad. ; edited a newspaper ; con- 
structed and pub. a map and a directory of the 
town ; was a civil engineer ; and for many years 
a justice of the peace. Ho had a just poetic 
perception, and drew from the grand and pic- 
turesque ocean-scenery about his cottage, and 
the legemls of the red men, subjects for his 
Muse. He pub. " History of Lyn.i " in 1829, 
.a 2d edition in 18+4, and " Forest-Flowers and 
Sea Shells," Boston, 1831, and again in 1843. 
A new cd. of his " Hist, of Lvnn," coiiiin. by 
J. R. Newhall, app. in 1865. 

Lewis, Oen. Andrew, b. Ulster, Ireland, 
ab. 17.311; d. Bedford Co., Va., 1780 His fa- 
ther, tjohn, was dc^ccndeil from a Ilu-iiciiot 
family, which settled Hrstiii Eng., and attcr- 
ward in Ireland. Having killed his landlmd 
in resisting an illegal attempt to oust him, ho 
came to Amer., and in 1732 settled at lie li'- 
fonte, Augusta Co., Va., being the lirsi Miiite 
resident of the county. Andrew, his third son, 



l^KW 



546 



LEW 



wiM |iM».M s>oJ of crcot lK)clil_v Tij;or, ami a 
ci>iiiii4;M'liii:; procnci' lie vim ii vol. in iIk' 
fx.w'l. i» take |>u9^».'<i'iii uC the Oliiu rv„'iun ■» 
ITU; Wis «itli NV'u>liiii;;luii at lliu suirvihlcr 
i>r Kurt N<xv!>!.ity ; wun a in:ij. in hi^ V«. nxi', 
VA* ill Ills lira. Samuvi'A cuiii|miiiv at Uru<l- 
tloili's ilclcii ; com. the Samiv C'rock i'X|r;iI ill 
I7j'>; aii>l in iho unrortunaic u.\|io>l. ul Miij. 
(.iiiini in Out. i7J8 w.i? iniide pi imiiict, and 
t..kcii loMunirval. In 1 768 lie was a iinnmiv-i. 
to irtrut with tlic 8ix Nuiiuns at Fun Si.iiiwi.\. 
Ill 17T4 III! was inaik' l>ri^'.-;;iii anil com. l!ic 
Va. truiips at ilie battle of I'uiiii I'le^isniit, Oct. 
Ill, Kiiiiiiiu a victory over tlic most lormidalilc 
Inilian force timt ever o^t.^cinbleil in the OIil 
Doiiiiiiiiin. For several years he rvpreicnted 
Uotctoiiii Co. in the h. of hur^'csscs, ant] waM 
a nicinlier of the conventions of March anil 
June, 1775. lie was maile a col. in the army, 
an. I, Mir. I, 1776, tiri;;.-;;eii. at \Vashiii,;toii''8 
rc.|iie>l. Iiiitikv.ineil, Apr. 15, 1777. lie drove 
Lord Duninoi'o from Uwynne's Inland, and 
wa.~ on diity in the lower part of the State, 
wlieiv lie contracted a fever, of which he died. 
Ili^ niilii'.iry aliilities were highly valued by 
W.i>lmi;;ton ; and his suitue lills' one of the 
uvdeniiil- around the \Vashin;:toii Muiiiimntal 
Kichinond. His brus., all 'lislini;. in the mili- 
tary unn:il»of tlie StJite, were Samuel, Thomas, 
Cliaile>. and 'Villiain. 

Lewis, Col. Ciuhles. b. Va. ; killed at 
the bitile of I'.iint Pleasant, Oct. 10.1774; 
served with distinction iinilcr liis bro. Samuel 
at Iti'ad.lo >i°s defeat, and was a leader in the 
conriicrs of llh' west buriUr of the Slate. 

Leviris, Dixon Hall, lawyer and states- 
m.r.i, h. Diuwiddio Co., Va., Auj;. 10, 180i ; d. 
N\'W Y.irk, Oct. 25, 1343. S. C. Coll. Tho 
family cnii;^,i;.Ml to (la. He.-tudicd law, and 
re:novcd to Ala., wli re h.' cii^ja^xl in practice 
with );r<-ait success. From 1820 to 1 8-' J he was a 
m inbcroi' thi' legi?l. ; M.C. 1829-J4 ; and ftxjm 
1844 to his di'a[h a U.S. sctiator. lie was the 
largisi man in Congress, and was an able pub- 
■ lie -iK-ak.r and writer of the c.xtn'iuc State- 
rights school of iwlilics, sustaiuiug the riyht of 
nullificaiion and sivcs.-ion. 

Lewis, Elisua J., M.D. (U. of P.i.), b. 
Biltiinorc, 1820. Son of A. J., ra n-hant of 
Pliila., and };randsun of Capt. Jox'ph of tho 
Kevol. army. He spent two rears at N. J. 
Coll., and studied medicine wiili Dr. John K. 
Mi.chell, and snhBeqnontly in Pari.s. Since a 
reident of Pliila. Author of " Hints to S(>orts- 
men," 12ino, 1851; "The American Sports- 
man," Svo, 1855 ; ed. of " Yoiiatt on the Dog," 
Svo.1847; aiilcontril). to the .•>!<.>,> <./M.' Tuius. 

Lewis, Ellis, LL.D. (Jeti". Coll.), jurist, b. 
I,wi>l>-rry. York Co., Pa., May 16. 1738; d. 
Phi a. 19 Maivh, 1871. lie wis 'first a printer; 
th' n stiidie.l law ; was odin. to ihc l>ar in 1822 ; 
n|ip. d> p. nirv.-gi-n. in 1S24 ; was a mcmbiT of 
th • Sta'c li-gi^l- in I8.'i2 ; app. atty.-gen. of Pa. 
iiij.m. IS3.T; pn s.jmlgt' of the 8th judicial disi. 
in Oct. 18.l:t; and pr -. jnd.-eof the 2d judi- 
cial disl. in Jan. 184-1. H' was chosen a jud;;e 
of the State Supreme Court in Oct. 1851 ; lie- 
came chief justice in Dec. I;<j4; and was un.in- 
iuiMisly K'nominatt'd i'l 1857. In 1858 he w.%s 
acoaiiiiivs. lo n'vi«e the criminal i-od- of Pa. 
He rv.vuiv.d ibe bonontry decree of M-U. tiuiu 



tho Phiii. MM. Coll. forhisknowliHlgfof ra 0. 
juriMinidcnie. .\uiliorof an " .Vbritlgnicnt of 
the Criinin:il Uiw of the U.S.," and a cuiiirili. 
to pcriodiial lilcrulun-. 

Lewis, Knocii, teacher and author, h. K.id- 
nor, Chosier Co., Piu, Jan. 29, I77G ; d. Phila. 
July 14, 185C. He was Iirought up a Qiiuk'-r. 
Eariy evinced talent lor maihemali.'s ; at the 
age of 14 w.is Usher in a country school, and 
was princiitfil at 15; afterward' teaching at 
Phila., at Wi-st Town, and at New Card.ii, 
Chwtter Co. In 1795 he was employ, d as a 
suneyor to loy out some town^ in the wi-sL m 
part of the State. He edited -everal inatheiu.it- 
leal works ; and alwut 1819 |iub. a Irtaiisc on 
arithmetic, which was follow,^ l.y one on elg«- 
bra, an<l by ii w ork on plane and splieiical Irig- 
onoiiietry. In 1827 he beciiue editor of the 
4/'i'""i OWrrrr, and from 1847 till his death 
pnb. Ihc FriinU'Iirpi.u: He puli. a Life of 
\Vm. Penn in the •'FricmU' Ijlirarv," Irca 
tisoa ;'On Oaths" and "On Bajiti^m''' (1839). 
a review of Dr. Cox's "Qiiakeriaiu not ClLi^ 
tianity," and various nain|ih et-. 

Lewis, EsTELLE Anna Blanche (Robik- 
SON), authoress, b. near Baliiiiiori', Apr. 1824. 
After leaving tho Tmy Female Seiii. in 1841, 
sh" m. S. D. Lewis, a lawyer of Brook. yn, 
N.Y., and has sin.-c tv>id -d therx'. She t'rst 
contrib. to the /■'.<in//y .l/n/j/ir, and has coo- 
trib. many imkius to the |icri<>dic;ils, and to 
<Jia/i<im'i M'lj. a s 'rics of articles on " An and 
Artists in A neriea." She p.ili. hr first vol. 
of poeiiu, "The Iteojrds of the Heart," in 
1844 ; " Th.' Chi d oi' the Sea and oilier Po- 
ems," 1843; " Jlylhs of thi.» Minsir'l," 1852 ; 
and in 1 S58 an illustrated edition of ber | » lical 
works. — .S«- (IrisurJirs Fi iii. Pa /j. Hart's 
F:iii. Pnitt-WritTS, ai:ii itrt. llult'i Ueconit 

of WoilhtH, 

Lewis, FinNCig, signer of the DtI. of In- 
dep., b. IJandaJi", \Vale«,Mar. 1 7 1 -1 ; d. N. York, 
Di-c. 30, 1801. He was ctliuat<d at Westmin- 
st»T School. Becaui ' a men ham, and cain ■ to 
X.Y. in 17.14. Af.er s|)- nding 2ycars in Phila. 
he returned to N.Y., when- b • w.is en -.»g«I ia 
coininer.e till 1775. At lliecap';!n.'Of l.).-wego, 
in 1757, he was nid" to Col. M-rcer, end was 
with the oth r prisoners taki'n lo Canada, and 
thence to France. At th- ch-s,- of the war, the 
British llovt. gave him 5,000 acre- of land for 
his services. In 1705 he was a in"mUr of the 
Co onial Con,Tcss. Zealously espousing the 
cause of lib rty, h • was sent lo Congrwis in 
1775, continuing a in-jniK-r until April, 1T79. 
He was O'Viii'ieil in the importation of mi. itary 
ston-9and«"lf r s<-cr 1 3<-r\iccs, and, by liiscoin- 
inercial knowledge and habit-, was eniin-nily 
lis fill. He suil'erd much at lb" hands of tho 
Tori-s, who not only de--trovc-d his proin-rty on 
L.I., b;it l.nitally confin -d liii. wife in a clos- 
pri-on for ser.'rol months, caiLsing b r d yith. 
lie hiin.selfwas at one iim>' a prisoner to tbc 
British. Most of bis property wiis sacrilic d to 
hi- patriotism, and he dii'd in coini>ani:ive 
poverty. 

Lewis, Rt. Rev. .lotrx TitAVEits, lonsre. 
first Pr.-En. bi-lmp of Ontario. iTt ,],n. \»r,-2, 
h. 1827. Educato.1 at Trinity C..I'.. Dublin. 
Ord. 184S; n-ctor of Brockvi Ic, CViadi, 1854. 
He bcldlhccumc/of Newiown ButUrin Eng.; 



LEW 



547 



Cfimo to Canada in 1850; and until 1854 had 
'jhar^'O of tlio parish of llawksbury. 

Lswis, MEiiiwETHEU, a cili'bnvtcd ex- 
plorer, b. ntar Charlottesville, Va., Aug. 18, 
1774; d. n -ar Xashville, Oct. 11, 1809. His 
father Win. F., a man of independent fortune, 
m-pliew of Col. Fielding Lewis, d. when he was 
yet a eliild. He very eirly gave proofs of a 
iiold and enterprising di;position; and at the 
age of 13 he relinquished academic studies for 
farming, which he continued until he was 20. 
A \ ol. during the Whiskey Insurrection, be 
WL\3 transferred to the regular service as ensign, 
M.ay 1, 1795, and became eapt. Dec. 1800. In 
1803 Pres. Jelferson, whose private sec. he had 
liecu nearly two years, sent him on an explor- 
ing expcd. across the continent to the Pacific. 
At Lewis's request, Capt. William Clarke was 
app. to accompany him. The party set out 
in the summer of 1803, and returned in the au- 
tumn of 1806. Lewis was, Mar. 2, 1807, made 
gov. of La. Terr. On the new governor's ar- 
rival at St. Louis, the seat of administration, 
he found the country torn by dissensions; but 
his mod'Tation, impartiality, and firmness soon 
bro'ight matters into a regular train. He was 
subject to constitutional hyix)chondria ; and, 
while und"r the influence of a severe attack of 
this ilisord"r, put an end to his life. A Narra- 
tive of the Exped. of Lewis and Clarke, from 
materials furnished by each of the explorers, 
was prepared by Nicholas Biddlo and Paul 
Allen, with a Memoir of Lewis by Jefterson, 
puii in 2 vols. 8yo, 1814. 

Lewis, Oen. Morgan, soldier and jurist, 
b. New York, Oet. 16, 1754 ; d. there Ajiril 7, 
1844. N. J. Coll. 1773. Son of Francis the 
signer. H : studied law in the otRce of John 
Jay. In June, 1775, he joined ihe army at 
Cambridge; was made capt. of a rifle company 
in Ang. ; maj. 2d N.Y. regt. in Nov. ; col., and 
chief of staff to Gen. Gates, in June, 1776 ; and 
soon afterward q.m.-gen. of the northern dept. 
He wa> at the surrender of Burgoyno ; accomp. 
G n. Clinton in the exped. up the Mohawk; 
and at Stone Arabia gallantly led the advance, 
and completely routed the Indian foe. Adm. 
to the bar at the close of the war, he practised 
in Dutchess Co; became a judge of C.C.P. ; 
atty.-gn. of the State in 1791; judge of the 
Supreme Court in 1792 ; chief justice in 1801 ; 
gov. in 1 804-7 ; and member of the State legisl. 
fn 1808-11. App. q.m.-gen., with the rank of 
brig.-gen., in 1812 ; promoted to maj.-gen. in 
1813, and ordered to the Niagara frontii-r. He 
made a successful descent on the Hritisb side 
of the Niagara River, April 27, 1^13; and in 
1814 was intrusted with the defence of N.Y. 
City, then in daily expectation of attack. Sub- 
si''|ucntly devoting himself to literature and 
n riculti'ire, be becamein 1835 pres. of the N.Y. 
Ili-t. S.ieicty. Feb. 22, 1832, he delivered a 
centennial address in honor of Washington 
before the city authorities. 

Lewis, Sa.mukl, educationist, b. Fal- 
mouth. Ms., Mai. 17, 1799; d. Cincinnati, O., 
July 28, 1854. Ills father was ciipt. of a coast- 
ing' vessel, and lie made several voyages as a 
cabin-boy. In 1813 the family removed to 
Ohio, the father and his five sons walking the 
whole distance from Falmouth to Pittsburg 



Pa. S;\muel was successively a farm-laborer, 
mail-carrier, and carpenter ; and at 20 obtained 
a place in the office of the clerk of the Hamil- 
ton Co. Court ; at 23 he was adm. to the bar ; 
and In 1 824 he was licensed a local preacher 
iu the Meth Clfnreh An advocate of temper- 
ance ami education ; to his eflTorts were duo the 
fouiidiiig and endowment of the Woodward 
School and of the Hughes High School at Cin- 
cinnati. In 1831 he aided efliciently in forming 
the western college of teachers ; was active in 
promoting common school education in Ohio; 
and In 1837 was elected by the Ifcgisl. supt. of 
schools. His measures for the Improvement of 
education were adopted ; and he was re-ap- 
polnted, and edited the Cuinmoii S-hool Direclor. 
Ill-health soon aftcrcompelled him !o resign his 
office. From 1841 to his death, he was the favorite 
candidate of the antislavery parly for the state 
senate, (or Congress, and for gov. ; and he was 
very zi'alous In the promotion of temperance 
ami kindred reforms. 

Lewis, Tayi.er, LL.D., scholar and au- 
thor, b. Northumberland, N.Y., 1802. Vn Coll. 
1820 Son of a Revol. officer. He studied law 
In Albany, and practised at Fort Miller. He 
studied Hebrew, biblical and classical literature; 
taught a classical school at Waterford in 18.33 ; 
removed to Ogdcnsburgh in 1835 ; and in 1838 
was app. prof, of Greek In the U. of N.Y. In 
1849 he took the same professorship in Un. 
Coll., lecturing also on ancient phlloso]ihy and 
poetry, and giving instruction in the Oriental 
tongues. Helsadisting. philologist; has conirib. 
largely to magazines and reviews ; and has de- 
livered and p,ub. several addresses on Inqiortant 
literary and philosophical topics. He has pub 
a work on the Nature and Ground of Pun 
ishment, sustaining the death-penalty, 1844 ■ 
" Plalo contra Alheos," with notes, 1845 ; " Six 
Days of Creation, or Scriptural Cosmology,' 
18.53 ; •• The Bible and Science, or the WoVk" 
Problem ; " and in 1860 " The Divine Human 
iu the Scriptures." Prof. Lewis has nlsc 
handled most of the great social, political, and 
I)liilosophlcal topics of the times in the " Edi- 
tor's Table " of Haqier's Mu'iazine. 

Lewis, Thomas, statesman, bro. of An- 
drew, b. Donegal Co., Ireland, April 27, 1718 ; 
d. Port Hepublic, Va., Jan. 31, 1790. He had 
a liberal education ; was an excellent mathema- 
tician ; became a survejor of Augusta Co. in 
1745 ; was a member of the house of burgesses, 
where he advocated the celebrated resolutions 
of Patrick Henry, In 1765; of the conventions 
of 1775 and '76, in which, as one of the com., 
he aided In preparing the Declaration of Rights 
and the State Constitution ; and of the conven- 
tion of 1788, which ratified the Federal Consti- 
tution. As a member of the first house of dele- 
gates under the Constitution, he went hand in 
hand with Jefl'erson in enacting religious toler- 
ance. He was one of the boldest patriots of 
Va., and especially efficient in executing the 
plans of the com. of safety. 

Lewis, WiM.iAM, lle'ut-col. U.S.A.. b. Va. 
1767; d. near Little Rock, Avk , Jan. 17, l'<25. 
Capt. nniler St. Clair in 1791 ; roigned July, 
1797; lieutcol.com. Ky. Vols.. Aug. 1812; 
coin, in nctioa with British and Indians at 
Frenchtown, River Raisin, Jan. 18, 1813; and 



LKW 



i48 



UG 



uiilcr G*n. Winchcstor at his dcfi'ul. Jun. 21, 
II Kivcr HiiiMti, whfn- he w«5 ruptuivl, und 
n;ni«inr<l iwo vonrs a pri«>nor at l^in.''i'C. 

IiOWlS, WiLLLAM IIknrt. 1)1).. rcctor of 
the Ch. of the llolv Triiiiiv. UnKiklvn. L.I .li. 
Litchfield. Ct., I)«c 2i. isivl. Hft> pub. - S.r- 
mons for the ('hri>tiHn War," 8vo, N.Y., 
" Confi-s>ion of Christ," liino. 1852. "The 
E.irlv Called." " Tlie ro«itii>n olthc Church." 
aU»» VLirious p^piiUr .rdcis. — A'^'iboitf. 

IieWiS, VViNSLow. .\I.l) (1922). nn emi'> 
nent surgeon, b. Bi>stcin. S Julv. 1T»9. 11. U. 
li«19. Descenili'd Imm Gvorjjc of BaiUHi.i'.lc, 
mid fnun KenelMt VVinslow. He conliniie<l 
his mcd. sliidiei under Dupuyirvn in l'aii<, 
and Abemcthy in I><inilon, and after hi* nium 
praeiised in Boston with sui-cess Con.sultiii;; 
phvs. M*. Oen. Hospital after the il. of Dr. 
Warren. Memher .Ms. legisl. I <L1,i, "li. ami oT ; 
city physician IS61 ; pre*. N.K.II. :in.l liene.nl. 
Soc. 1861-6; Unind Muster of MuMins in .Ms. 
IS55-6 and '60. He ininsl. fn.ni the French 
'• Gall on the Sinuturc and Functions of the 
Brain." 6 vols. ; cililetl I'axion'd " Anatomy." 
and also a work on " Pract. Anatomv." — .Sre 
.v./-; //. .1*/ liriintl. /i^y}., Jun.. 186.^.' 

Iiewis, Zachariah. scholar and editor, h. 
ITT.t; d. Bnmklvn, X Y.. Nov. 14. 1840. V.<^. 
I:h4. Tutor there 1 796-9. Son of Rev. Dr. 
Isaac Lewis (1746-1840; YC. 1763; niiiii*- 
ler of Greenwich. Ct.. I786-1SI8) Fnitn 1801 
to 1820 he eilit. il ilic .WY. Commrn-uil .|./,t.- 
ti«»rnnd the \ Y {y/ircttilor. He retired e-.irly 
fpim business, and ;ipplied his leisure time and 
bis surplus inc:ins to charitable objects. For 
a loni; (H-rio^l he was seniitr vice-pres. of the 
AMi.-r. Bible S.'oiety. 

L'Hommedieu, EzRA.b. Southold, L.L, 

30 Au^. 1734 ; d. there 28 Sipt. 181 1. Y. C. 
1754. Bcnjainin. hisi cini^-. ancestor, was a 
Huguenot of Kochcllc, Fram-c, who was in 
N'.Y. early in 1687, and settled at Sinthold in 
1690. Ezra was a lawyer; was a dkle;raie to 
the N.Y. Prov. Conj^vs.. 1775-8; asi!<i»t<-d to 
form the tirst State constitution : nu'mlx.T X.Y. 
AA.~cnibly 1777-8-1; member Old Con,;ress 
1779, '8l", and "81, and 1787-8; State senator 
1784-1803 (exivpt in 179.1); once a uieuiher of 
tb • council of apiiointinent ; n~>'nt State V. 
from 1 787 to his death. In |x>l!(ii-s he was n 
Fiti -ralist. Contrib. a(;ric. jiapers to the first 
N. Y. A-ric. Society. — C D. .Voorr, in .V. Y. 
G''ne.il. tin: I Hit»f. /tV-iW. 

Lieber, Fr.ixcis, LL.D.(U.ofJona.lS28), 
pnb i.'ist. b. Borli'i, March 18. 1800. Enterinj; 
the Prussian annv at the ap.' of 15, he fought 
«■ Liiniy and \Va:crloo, and waK sk'vcrely 
wounJvd at th> v^sault of Naniiir. For resist- 
in;.' the rc-«itionary ineasuiw of ^vt. at Boi^ 
liu in 1819, he »a.s am'Sted. but nas»o<>n n^ 
leas<-d, and studi..tl at the U. of Jena. At 21 
he voluntecreil in the Gn>pk sirutfRle tor inde- 
jx-ndence. travcUing on foot throusrh Switier- 
land to Mar-cilU's. Aficr much privarion, he 
returned to Italy, whcrv; he was reveivcd into 
the fiimily of the hi-torian Xiebubr. I le i>a.ss<'<l 
the years" 1822 ami 182.1 at Rome, an<l wrote 
in U>'nnan a journal of his <ojouni in Gn'«ce, 
pull, at L«"ipsio. Retuminj; t»> Gemuny with 
pnMiii-o' of safety, he wa.s impriMned at Kop- 
eaiek, wherw he wnXf poetry, which, on hi.s re- 



lca»i', wa» primed nt Berlin, under tlie name 
of Fraai Arnold. Per>nvution drove him to 
En^'. in 1825, when? ho iau;;ht one year in Lon- 
don, atid also wtirte for the G. nil. u'l p :!• 'ieala. 
He came to the L'. S. in 1-. r>-d 

K-cturv* on hiaturv and |-' r.-e 

citic4. Ue 6iunik-d a 6u. at 

Boston ; and, while n--i.liii;: tri r . r.;;;.--! the 
" Eniyclo)ui'dia Ann'ri'-ana." liascd upon the 
" Vo,iWr>.it,t>iui./jrT.l.,.n" 1.1 vols. ISiS-.tS. 
From 1835 to 1856 h.- was pmf. of history and 
jHjliticai economy at the S.C Coll., Cidumliia, 
and held thi' same prores,s.jrship at Col. Coll., 
X.Y.. from 1857 to 1865. In the latter year ho 
was app. supt. of a bureau at Washington fijr 
tho prv■«^•r^•ation of the papers of ilie Conled. 
livjvt., to !>■ preserved a.i a portion of the na- 
tional archives. Dr. Liel*r vriia active and 
influential l^oth with lonj.'ue and [k'H in uphold- 
ing the pivt. durin;; the civil war, and was 
tircs. of the Ixiyal l'ublic;uiou Soiiety of New 
York. In 1862, at the rvipie^t of Gfii.-in-chicf 
Ihilleck, he prc|>areil for tli • u^e of the unny an 
essay on "Guerilla Parti.-?;" and in 1863 "In- 
stnictions lor the <;o«. of the Armies of the 
U.S. in tho Field." M ml«r of the French 
Acad. Ue has translated a Frcnch work on 
tlic Revolution of July, 1830; a Life of Ka." 
par Hau.ser; ihework'of De Bi'auuiont and Dj 
rocrjueville on the 1' ni-enii.iry System ot the 
U.S. in 1832, puli at Pliila. in 1834 ; a plan of 
Education for (liranl College; " Ix'tier- to a 
tientleman in Germany, written after a Trip to 
Niagara ; " " The S;ran;,'er in Anierii-a," Svo, 
1835; "The (ientleman; " " Reiuiniacrncvs 
of Xiebuhr," 1835; "A Manual of Political 
Ethics" 2 vols. 1838; '•L.^\ and Poliiical 
Uenuencutii-s ; " " L,i«t8 of Property ; " " E— 
!i.ays on Prui>erty and Lal^or," 1842; "Civil 
Libeny and Si'.f-Govemuieu!," 2 vols. 1853 ; 
" E.ssays on SulJKts of Penal Law and tho 
Penitentiary System;" "Abu.se of iho Paidon- 
ing Pow.t; " "Remarks on .Mrs. Frv's View* 
of Solirary Confinement," ic. ; "Letter on 
the Penitentiary System ; " besidesi many oc- 
casional |>ap>r>' anil «dilr>'s9cs. While iii Eu- 
rcipe in 1848, "The Wnit and other Po..-ms" 
by him was pub. in New York. — Aiulvite ; 

Lieber, Oscar Montgomert, peolojrfst, 
son of Franeis, b. lk»-ou. Mg., 1830. Edo- 
cateil pn>fe.s:<ioiially at Benin. Gv>tting«n, and 
Fr--ib.r,^. Anitiorof •' Ass.iyer's Guide," l2mo, 
1852; "The Aualyt. Chemist's Assistant," 
12mo, 1852; "tnxJIo-y of Mpi." (where he 
was State pulo^jist 1850-I ), in the .V. 1'. .l/in- 
i'K; .1/,ii;. July l!^54 ; nnd numerous artieleson 
raeta'lnr^v. In 18.>4-5 he a-.-i-: ^1 in •!.■ .-.il. 
sun-ev oi'Ala. In 1855 he 1. .f 

S.C. ■ His tirst Ann. Report " :. 

liigbt, Georok W., nrii:: . r 

of Boston, b. Portland, Me., 1.-','; J. tv/Uicr- 
ville, Ms.. .Ian. 5, 1868. He pub. "Life of 
Timo. Claxton," I2mu, 1839. ; a vol. of Poctns 
in 1852. and ••dit-il the KsMifist. 

Ligon, Thomas W., pov. Md. 1854-8; K 
Princ»' EJwarvi Co., Va. Edncattil at nam|>. 
Sid. Coll., the U. of Va.. and Yale Law School. 
Sottlixl as a lawver in Baltimore; and was 
M.C. 1845-9. 

Liguest, PiKBRK Laclju>e. founder of St. 



549 



Lnsr 



I-oaii, b. Biou, Frauoc, 1 "24 ; d. on the Mpi. 
liiver, iiiar lUo mouui of tlic Ark. River, iO 
Ju.ie, 1778. lie La;uc to N. Or.eaus in 1763; 
aud, «itU a coiiipaiiy iu wliich was Au;;u^to 
C'iioutcaii, litabliihi'datradiUjS-post wIkti- St. 
Loiiis now siaud.-., and wIktv; tlii-v laiidod 13 
iVb. 1764. Ligucit seeded the site ia 1763; 
aud uequii-ed by trade with tlie Indians a lar^o 
property. — L^dtL\irUs*s Lin'ut H'tst. 

JJUiingtOU, Uen. JouN Alexander, Rev- 
ol. patriot, 1*. Uaibadoei ; d. at lii.s reoideuee in 
^'. llanover Co., N.C., atagood old age. Son 
oi Coi. George, an oliieer in the Uritish serviee, 
who hceamea member of the Koyal Couneil of 
Barbadoes in 1098. He emig. to CiU'oliua ab. 
1734, and on thv- broaking-outof the war was a 
memberof the W'ilmiugcou eom. of safety aud a 
col. of militia. In the ijattle of Moore's Creek, 
feb. 27, 1776, Col. Liiliugton was eouspieuou:.; 
was ^oou afterwards promoted to brig.-gen. ; 
and served under Gates in 1780. His son. Col. 
John Liiliugton, served his country failhiudy 
during the entire war. 

liiUCOln, iVuRAU.iM, 16th pres. of the Unit- 
ed Statc^ b. in Larue Co., Ky., Feb. 12, 1809; 
d. April 15, 1865, by the hand of the assjissin, 
J. Wukes Booth, llis aneestors were Quakers 
from Bucks Co., Pa. llis parents, b. iu \'a., 
migrated to Ky., and in 1816 removed to what 
is now Spencer Co., Ind., where Al)raham was 
for the next 10 years occupied in labor on his 
father's farm. Having received, at intervals, 
aiiont a year's schooling, at 19 lie made a trip 
to Xew Orleans as a hired hand on a llat-boat. 
Ill .Mar. 1830 he settled in Macon Co., ill. lie 
next assisted in building a flat-boat, and alter- 
ward iu taking it to New Orleans. On Ids re- 
turn, his employer gave lum charge, a.s clerk, 
of a store and mill at New Salem, in 1832 he 
cOiU. a company of vols, for the Black Hawk 
war. Ajjp. postmaster of New Salem, he be- 
gan to study law, aud engaged iu smveyiu'^ a 
).ortiou of Sangamon Co. He was iu the legisl. 
tioai 1834 to 1841. Licensed to practise law in 
1 836, he in 1 837 opened an oUice at Springtield, 
rose rapidly to disiiaetiou, and was many years 
a promiueut leader of the Whig party iu 111. 
in 1844 he cauvassed the entire State, also a 
part of lud., for Clay; making almost diiily 
speeches to large audiences. M.C. from 1847 
to 1849, be voted for the reception of antisla- 
very memorials, the expediency of aboashiug 
the slave-trade iu the Dist., to prohihit slavery 
iu the territory to be acquired from Me.xieo, 
aud in favor of the Wilmot Proviso, lie op- 
iwse I the annexation of Texas, but voted tor 
the loan-bill to enable the govt, to defray the 
expenses of the .Mexican war. In the Whig 
National Convention of 1848 he advocated the 
uouiinatiou of Gen. Taylor. The repial of the 
Jlo. Compromise called him again into the po- 
litical ar^na; and it was maiu.y by his cilorts 
that the Republicans triumphed, aud Judge 
Tra.nba.l w.i, e.^eted U.S. senator. At the 
Kopub. Natioaal Convention in 1830 he was a 
c ladidate for Ihj njuiiuation to the vic(V])resi- 
d iicy. June 2, 1838, he was noniiuatcd as 
cand'i.iat- for U. S. ^ellato^, in o))|x)sitioii to 
Jailge Douglas. T!ie two candidates cnn- 
vasstd the State together, speaking on the ^amc 
lay at the soiue place. The debate, which wad 



conducted with eminent ability on both sides, 
resulted in the choice of Judge Douglas by the 
legi.-l., idthough the ])opuiar vote gave Mr. 
Lineoji a majority of over 4,000. At the Re- 
pub. National Coiivcution, held May 16, 1860, 
lie was nominated for the prej-idency, his prin- 
cipal lonipetiior being Mr. Seward ; anil in the 
following Nov. was e.eeted to that station, re- 
ceiving 1 80 electoral votes to 72 for Mr. Brc k- 
enridge, 12 for Mr. Douglas, and 39 tor Mr. 
Bell. The seces>ion of the Southern slave- 
States followed ; and Pres. Lincoln was in.iug. 
Mar. 4, ISOl, under the most gloomy aH>pices. 
He found the credit of the govt, greatly im- 
paired, its navy scattered, its war muti-riel in 
the hands of the secessionists, who had seized 
torts, arsenals, mints, and vessels ; its small 
aniiy disarmed, and sent home by slow and de- 
vious routes as paroled prisoners ; and the gar- 
rison of Fort Sumter nearly starved. The at- 
tempt to supply the gan-isou was frustrated by 
the rebel batteries, and, afier33 hours' siege, the 
fortress was surrendered April 14. On the 
15th, a call was issued lor 75,000 men. April 
19, the pLirt> of the seced d States were de- 
clared under blockade. Wuishington was soon 
strongly g.irri.^oned; and Congre>-s met in ex- 
tra se^s'ion July 4. llis Proclam. of Emancip. 
took eih'ct Jan. 1, 1803 ; re-elected to the pres- 
idency in 1804. Vi toiy crowned ihe iiauonal 
arm> during the succeeding winter, and the 
war was substanlially closed, when the assas- 
sin, civ.'i)ing stealtlii y from behind, as the 
President sat with his family and friends in 
his box in the theatre, on the night of April 
14, 1805, intlieted a wound with a pistol-ball, 
which iu a few houre ended his life. This 
event cix"ated unparalleled excitement. Nine 
of the [K't-sons implicated suffered condign pun- 
ishment ; while the funeral-honors paid to the 
deceased chief magi trate stirpa.ssed any thing 
of the kind in the history of the world. 

Lincoln, Gkx. BtNJAMiN,adisting. Revol. 
officer, b. Hiugham, Ms., Jan. 23, 1733; d. 
there May 9, 1810. Benjamin his father was a 
fanner, and a repieseniative to the Gen. Court. 
Of a robust constitution, he was himself a 
farmer; was town repiesentative; a nnij.-gen. 
of militia at the opening of the war, and was 
active in its organization ; see. of the Piov. 
Congress; and member of the important com. 
of cone:-p. In June, 1776, he com. the cxped. 
which cleared Boston harbor of British vessels. 
App. by Congress a maj.-gen. Feb. 19, 1777, 
and soon after joined the main army, but was 
surprised and neaily eiipiured at iJoiind Brook, 
Apr. 13. In July iie was sent to join Schuyler 
in opposing Burgoyne. He collected the N K. 
miliiia; sent out a succes^ful exped. Sept. 13, 
under Col Brown, against the port of Lake 
George; and joined Gates as second in com. 
Sept. 29. He commanded in the works during 
the action of Oct. 7 ; and was severely wounded 
on ihe 8ih,. having mistaken some ol the enemy 
for his own troops; and di?abled until Aug. 
1778; app. to the com. of the southern aiiny, 
which he assumed at Charle>lon in Dec. By 
the defeat of Gen. Ashe, at Brier Creek, .Mar. 
2, 1779, Lincoln lost near one-fourth of his 
army. June 20, he attacked the enemy's works 
near Siouo Ferry; but the severe action had no 



rxx 



j.jO 



decisis* n-Mil I. In Sept. K7'.' 

lain^ ojT SaTanaah; aoJ in a 

Oct. 9 ihcir joiiic ton>r» «r< r. 

loss. Mar. a). ITSO. ^ir U. «.' n;..", »i:ii a 

Urp:eariiiv.npp«tn.-U U-r'on: the iinc»ul Cliarle^ 

lull, whith Lim-uiti. « ;r'i a "^^ 'y tn^nftirn^nr 

forte, iruil toiJi 

i-aiiiiuii.t'li. a<.< 

turtaii UiiinM-. _ 

flin,' .-t lll.,IHh. :., ... .> - ... i. I ■■Mv . , 

(_■ iiii.Mi iiM.l .Xrl.uthiiui. i.Mi.uii.va III Not., 
In- r i.Miu>l \Va>liiLi^iun ill till- -I'rin;; of I7sl ; 

c ' ! M>ioii ill Vorkiowo. and cun- 

■ i I'.Ti'd nriiiv to tlie livlJ whrre 

II -iivd and the ca>Ioin..in' sulc 

I.. ^ From Oct. 1T!*1 to 1T'^, be 

W...N ^^c. oi war, and retired with a vote of 
l.'oi!;;re>)J. dcknon Ic\ij;iii;; iiis hi;:h!y meriforious 
seniiv? In 17».7 he cum. the fon-e which sup- 
pressed i»hays's insurrection ; licut.-piT. ia 
17S7; coll. ul Boston 17s9-lSOS ; conirai>». to 
the Creek Indians in I7S'J, and to the Western 
trities in 179.1; the latter part of his lirc was 
tMSSe«l in literary and scientific pursnit^. Mem- 
ber of the convention which ratified the US. 
Coiisiit'iiion : member of the Amer. Acad, ol 
Art> and Science?.. 

Lincoln, Enocu, p>\. of Maine 1827-9, b. 
Wui.x>ier, .\|s.. Dee. S8. 17S*; d. Au;:u>ta, 
IKt s, lM'9. Son of Atty.-tJen. Leri Lincoln. 
W..> a<iin to the h.^r in 1^1 1 ; nettled as a law- 
ver iu Krvehur,:, Me. ; and in IS ".9 removed to 
tari.s Me. M.C. 1S1S-C6. While at Frjcbors 
he pob. a poem eoiitled " The Villa::c"' (18161 : 
and w.is al.-o a contri^'"*.^ '■■ •' ' i--..- . <! 
coroii.ins of Maine. I 
mark>d by a p^^eu iar i 
expn>>ion ; and his ofli' , , 

bruceil an ent..r;n.'lic TiiiUKaiiun <>: i^c ri^';«;> 
of tbe S;ate in the question of the N.E. buunda- 
nr. lie delitvred a |iuem at the (vnicnnial 
cvlcbraiixii vf the ii;:lii at Loveweli's Pond, and 
an uraiii'n at the ia\in.; i>f the cumer-«lone of 
tlie dpi;ol at Aii;;u>t.i, July, 1S29. 

Lincoln, Li.vi. lawTcr and ^liltesl^an, h. 
Hin-h.ni. .\U., May li. 1749; d Worcester, 
Apr. 1 4. IS.H). li.r. 1772. Ills ancestor 
Sauiu<l came from Uin;:hain, En-;., in 1627. 
He studiid law under JoMiph tiawley. and, 
setiliii:; iit Worcester in 1775. bk«aiue emiiK-nt 
in the profession ; became rierk of the court 
in 1775, and ju.l;,-\- of prubate in 1776. Zeal- 
ous in the cau^ ot indc|iendcnce. he was tbe 
auihor of numeix<us patriotic appeals. In 
1779 he was the p>vu i-uminivi. for contisealcd 
estate*. A dilemtc lo iho State ('i>n>t. Conv. 
jit iTx.i ,i.,,i ,.|.s ,^,1 lo tbet'.i (.1 r,., M 
r i. In the p.r 

•I imitiistration, 

1 1 ' e a sirie.. ol j 

cai;>.>i l'arui>.r s L>eitcr>." Mc;iiUr u: ih<: 
houw I79A, and of the vnaic in 1797; M.C. 
17.'';'-i-" ■ . r S. :itty.-t«'n. ISOl-o; member 
I'' ^ IS06;' liiut.-i;ov. l!m7-S; »it- 

I ninl ill ISIl was app. a..>80- 

• .e I' S. .Supreme C«>url, but 

d., .1 H. w.L, an on-iiial mcmUr of the 
Anur .Vcad. of Art* and S ivni-e» ; was crin- 
Dc lij with other literary IhhIii>; and was Ion.: 
at iIh- head ol the .M». bur. I'wu of bis suns, 
Ixri and KiKich, were (;ovcmors of States. 



Lincoln, Ltvi, M. I) (H U. lS26),>t»ie» 

man, -on ol Leri. b. Woriesier. Ms.. I »et. 25, 
17»J; d. there .May iU. 11*6*. H U. ISOJ. 
Adni. lo the Uir in 184)5, be practisitl with 
sucvT-ss in hilt native citv. He was a Scale 
-«"M!.T in 1«I2: m.-m>..r ,' f th.- honse in 1816- 
! Ms. 1»23; 
--'4 ; gvy. of 
uf the port 
v., 1...-...I. .-.ii u. .-^ i . i ~^ . . iiK-n.ber ol the 
Male Senate in IH44; yu->. ot that l»dy in 
1843. He was tbe tirst nia>or uf Wonxstrr iii 
184* ■<-' " ■- . ■". ■■ -' ' ■ . i .'..us hi-torii-al 
and . I warm op- 

(uii- and was a 

nKii. - .' 1820. 

He was ;i.< : tbe 

Trto power ■ ion 

of a bridge i: -* .\vn; 

many years prt-^. l : . \ _ ; u . Soc. ; 

fcllon ol the.Vmer 1 Sciences ; 

aiid a memlier of : .1 and Hist. 

Socic:ies ot M>. 

laincoln, Willi.mi, anciquariao, K Wor- 
cesiir l»n| : ,1 there (Hi 5, 1843. U.U. 1822. 
He >: . his bro. (juT. Leri ; edited 

the .N vMth Mr. Baldwin pub. tlie 

II'. - 1826-7. Auttivr of a 

■•HiM.ry i.i » ..u.>.^er." IS-V. a new ed. uf 
which was pub. by Cliarles Hrrsey in 1862: 
Oration at Woreestcr. 4 July, 1816'; and Me- 
tuuir of C. C. Baldwin in Colls. Anaer. Ant. 
Soc ii. Ho was an early and active member 
of ihv .\nii<|uarian Society. 

Iiindsn.v. 1 ■■•■•■' - :i-. ....'. ... ...,,r„,!i.| 

..id. 
~4i, 
. ' in 
CauaUa Wu,;. UcAAXU.n^ kitunii. iii' 1846 
Mr. Lindsay became sub-ediior o> the Eiamt- 
i»'r, Mr. Hincks's or^n in Trx.tit... uniil ia 
1832 he became editor of •■ vUr, 

the mu^t influential an.l » po- 

litical and family paper m He 

has written " Clcr;;y Ui-serrc!.," " 11k .\laine 
Liquor-Law," and " The I'rairies of the West- 
ern S'aies." — JJoT'jaH. 

Lindsley, PinLir. D.D. (Dick. Coll. 
1823), eilucator. b. Morrislown, X.J.. IX-c. 21, 
1786; d. Xasbvill.-. l-nti . Mae 25, 1835. 
X.J. Coll. 1604. I '..h 24 Apr. 

ISia He was tut in l8v7-9 

■lid in 1812: in 1.- .if. uf lan- 

guaj- - -.!-.-•• ... j i„ 

182 i He 

acei-: :be 



U ; 
la>t 



ther. 
i.tr. r 



be 
It 



Hi» »'.ri,-. .Alitol I's 1. J. tla ■ 
pub. fhila. 3 rob. 8vo. 



riN 



551 



LIP 



T 1.11,1 ■ »a< i»;vde imsoner :>t t«" " a*n>nv 

shiu After tli.: »ar he xvas iiia>l<-- ool . of tlic 

y.d.ai R pi>'J'-«, neirspaiier of Mr Haii>on 
^tio.u.li^..a«--'<--kon .he i.remi-esof thee^luor 
^B Itm.ore, who* friemls, amon- then. Uon>. 
Li,"'., and Ue. rallied to his sunport, «";1 
l^in -III •••I" ... •.„:,,., r)r Gale and wound- 
fired on the mob. '''"'"S-."'- , ,'\:,,.,^ ,„ -he 
i ,.' others. Sarivndering them^el^..■» to tne 

^;"^"s^°t;;a^a^^;i:';h^M^f 

;e^ic; ;■ then in that of Spain, .n wuch he 
Kx-ame cp. of a .hip he.orc the F'*"^^ r. \a^ 

S^e^S^^ofui^Kp^-"^-:^ 

„ A.neriea a„d Spaia and he ""ir'.'V'J'rf'lb^ 
bv the viceroy. Pon C.s»er«s. The lat. be 
cirain- unpopuUtr, a revolution wa. esiit.d 
3 Linie!^' having de.la.v^ for the ro)-. 
authority, .v.U taken, wndemncl to death, and 

'''Lining, JouK. Ml>. pV'^^"":. b- ^^; 

laiuirrJS d. Charleston, b.C, 1.60. He 

r^-eiVed an excellent olncafon ; ca.ne to 

Ti^er al.. 1730; was a cunx-sp. o Frankhn, 

;nd the lirst tointnxluee an electn-al apparatu, 

• mo Charleston. Ue wa. a skilful P™ctmo.,er 

here nearly 30 years. H%P'.''';.'V'>.\:[.^i^;i 

of the Roy. Soc. asene^ -^ -•'^'ii:"'"! 7^3 

experiments, conducted .n 'j^^-" .,^" /'-l; 

he v>ub the first account of the yellow-lever 

.riven to the worl.l Iron. Amor.ea. 

''12^, Jons Bl.ur.1).D poet and cl_er..-.v- 

mnTb SihiniK'n.hur^-. Fa., Mar. U, 1... . d- 

Ph a.\u.-. 30. IS04 Col. Co'.l. 1793. Wm h.s 

- vat-"r^ rdf.tl,er came fron. Ireland, and l.ved 

n oa- 7h .n 100 vears. While studying law .n 

u-^ e of Alex. Ha.nil.on he vrrote an un; 

s.'wul plav, called " Boun-.lle Castle. 

^Wi g his'l.-tention to theol.. he «a^ ord. .n 

1-93- and June 13, 1799. bei-ame ass.s . to Dr. 

Ewin'/of the First Presb. Chureh. Ph.la. H.s 

,;^«e°suf argument and his learning were cx- 

C^t hi:„,n,rover>y with Dr. Pri^tly. tn 

Aai In 1S05 " Valerian," a poem was p. b. 

.; which was prefix.-d an account of h.s l.fe. by 

s b™ -in law, Charles Brorkden Brown. He 

a o wrote a p^^m on the death of Washington 

andln 801 -The Power of Genius.' which 

«"ained popularity- Two vols. o. m.>cellanies 

?■ Dn.se^.d verse were pub. by h.m, without 

h I'^nlme'soon after he left college He had 

a raTnd of gt^at vigor and sens.b.hty. and a 

snvi-hilv and luxuriant faLCV. 

iSnn. Lewis Fields, senator b. mar 
I^Sle K V.Nov. 5. 1 795; d. St. Genev.eve, 
Mo Oct. 3," 1843. Uis family were among 



the earliest emiuTants to Ky. from Va. Roth 
"rtrnhK r.nts. and 7 members of the l.im.l.v. 
were killeil bv the Indians, at different tm.es. 
Srgn.ndfatWr, Col. Wm was one of the 
,„ost%rominent Indian-hghtei-s f '"^ f^ 
Lewis settled in St.Gvncv.evc .n lM;..and '«- 
came a sm-eessful physicm and iH.l.t.c.an. He 
ei™ered the State legisl. 1S27 : was arou.mi.s 
w seule theold Fivnel. lan.U-la ms inMo ; and 
WIS U.S. senator fron. 1 S.J3 till h.s deaih. 1 le 
l,-,H>,^d tor the inteiv-st of the ^P'. 1^ ;•>• ^IJ; 
in hchalf of the settlcnent ot Oregon, a 
,nade an elaborate s,.e.-ch .n fP!"'" »'',"-, 
bill to R-mit the fine unposed bv Ju,l:.'e Ha^ 
„,,on («n. Jmk<on. - .b« L,Je hi/ t. A. Lmn 

Linn. WiLU.vM. D-D . an eloquent Pre>b. ^ 

;.,Tk .ook rtT... .1 ... •».. I" s.««. 

Chuah in Eli.abethtown,^'. J. ; .-f. f -<^ 
after settled as a eoUe-iatc pastor in the D. K- 
chul^hin N.V. City, whore he resided 20 years. 
He i.nh. ■-> vols, of sermons 1 ,91-t. 

T,n«1pv JvMKS Harvet. naturalist b. 
Xo^.^!rrrt., 5 NIay. 17S7 : .1. Stnufonl Ct^ 
Dec. 26. 1848. Y.C. 1S17. ""^ »■;'.■ »;'';^' 
cler^vman. but. in consetiuence ot . 1-hu.ltli. 
„rTi;i his' attention to the ^"••' '-"^^l.^j;;- 
historv He pub. in the Joar.ml ?'';•"•'« ," 
c .logue of Jiammalia in ^^.l. 43. a"''"' ^..^^ 
in vol 45. A memoir of his life was pub. i.y 
his dau.. ISmo. llanfonl, 1845. 

Linsley, Joel Harvey, DD ( ong. 
clemvinan: b. Cornwall, ^ ••; ■'•''.\1-?- \'9"' 
d. Gaenwieh. Ct., Mar. 23. IS68 Mil. Coll 
ISl 1 Ue was tutor .tt the coll. two ..n. .i 
half vears; studied law ; «■'«, '»",'. '° l''^',.^';!.' 
in 1815 ; and practised in M"i'"^-''"y> ' V""^: 
H.. WIS licensed to preach in June. ISJ.J , "«» 
m was iici.n.e I I I f 1^ .^o,„ij 

a miss.onary .n b.L. , P;''"''^ f i. .s-Jatn 
Com. Chut^h, Hartfonl.Ct., from F^l>. l824to 
rS3' • pastor of the Park-st. Church, Bosto ., 
untU .he failure of his voice "'.1^-'; JJ^' "f. 
Marietta Coll.. O.. fro.n 1S3.5 to !»*=• ! » "^ 
pastor of the Second Cong, Church, Gr.-en- 

prc's^nUHl in the office of Ovid F. Johnston 
^[^v.^^n. of the State. In 1841 1^ becatue . 
contrib. to the .</..nf ..fihe f.m^s.^ H» h' 
novel was 'The Ladye Annabe . He mx 
wrote '• The Quaker City," which pnxlnci- 1 
TrTm its showinu-np of real characters cmsid- 
en.ble excitement. Amorn: h.s other wo,k. 
Ire "Herbert Tracv," - Washington and h:» 



^nen:;t---Pa^rAnlenheim.";Memoi. 
, Preacher," " A.lonai," '• Jesus and the 1 oor, 
" A^^^the N-eoph, te," "The Kmp-re -t.v. , 
" The X=uu,rene," " Blanche of Brand. « ine 
" Le.^n.ls of Mexico," " Washington and h s 
Men"" •' The Kosc of Wissahiekon Uel ot 
i'niirie E.len." and ' Xew York, ^^^^J'P^'J^^'^ 
and Lower Million," &c. His work» cim-e 
:.".lr and power, but ha>^ little else ,o n.-oin- 
mend them Uis Life and choice writing, »er« 



552 



pull 8vo, Philii. 18oJ. with an essoyo^ liis writ- 
in;:- nil. I l.■^'l)ill^ by C. C Burr, 1S47. 

Lippincott, ' Saka Jam; (Clarke) 
'■ lir.i'v (inrnwooil." nutlioiv-s b. romjicy, 
X.V.. 2S Sept. IM.i. At 19 -lie n-movid with 
hvT latliiT to Now Bri:;liton. I'n. Slio was in. 
l>cl. 17, 195.1, tci .\Ir. Lt'aiiik'r K. I.i|i|>ii)culi of 
Philii. Shi- pub. verso al an early «g« ; but her 
first iiro»c-wiitin:;s were a in'ries of letters i-on- 
trib. Ill 1844 to t!ie .V. 1'. Mirror. Portiont of 
ihe^e were pub. in 18.">0 in two series of '" Green- 
wod.l Ix-uve>." Anion;; her other works are 
■■ lli-i.ry of my Pets," 18*1 ; " Poems," 1831 ; 
" Ueiolleeiions ol my Chililhood," 1832; 
" Unps anil Mi>haps of a T>'nr in Europe," 
1854 ; " Merrie Knglunil." 1855 ; " Stories nnil 
Lct'PU'lS'Of Travel, anil llist^iry for Children," 
1858 ; ami ■' Stories from Famous nallatls," 
1850. Slienowelits the Luile /'//■/Wm, a ju- 
venile niiiiiihly. Iler latent vol. is inaile up of 
her eoiiiriliuiions to the Ind'f»iid'nt, and some 
lee 1 11 res. 

Lippitt, GkS. ClIRISTKPIIER, Revol. of- 
fiier. b. Cranston. R.I., 1744 ; A. tlierx- June 18, 
18:24. lie wa- distinr;. early in life lor tile itis- 
ehar;.i' of iiiiiiierous eivil and military offiees, 
with wliiili he was invested ; ami was an ardent 
and indexible supporter of lievol. priiieipKs. 
Made a eol. in Sept. 1776, he was cn};a;;ed al 
White Plains, at Tiviiton, and Prim-cton ; was 
afterwaril a l>ri;;.-;ren. of K.I. militia, serving 
in the en;,ni;:eiiieut in that State ; and was a 
member nl the State legisl. — Itoirrs. 

Iiipscomb, AnstR S.. jurist, b. S.C. 
I7sa ; d. Au.^iin. Ttx.is. Ucc. 3. 1857. After 
siudyiii;; law, be removed to Ala.; .served in 
its Ie;;i5|. ; was made a jiKl^ie of the Supreme 
Court ; and subsequently ehief justic, whieh 
offiee he held many years, lie removed to 
Texas in 1 838 ; was sec. of State under Pres. 
Lamar, and a meinIxT if the State Const. 
Cunv. L'pon the or^raniiiition of the State 
Kovi. hebecaiiieun assoe. ju^tieeol the Supreme 
Court. 

Iiisle, HbNRV M.. lawver, of Milton. Ms., 
b. W. Indies; d. Tonola.1814. lie pnb. an 
oration on the death of \Vashin;;ton. 1800; 
".Milton Hill," a poem; and a Masonie Ad- 
dn--s, 1805. 

List, pKiiDERlcK, b. Bentlinf:en, Snabia, 
1789 : li. Kufstcin in the Tyrtil, 30 Nov 1846. 
App. prof, of (lolit. econ.. U. of Tnbinfrcn, 
1817; alterwanl emig. to Pa, and iheri- dis- 
eoveretl the Tamaqna coal-mines. U.S. consul 
lor L>i,isic. 18.32. Pub. his" National System 
of Polii. Ki-onomv " in 1841. tnuisl. with a 
'• Lite of M-t ■• by llr. Matile, Phila. 8vo, 
1856. Tliis ediiiou has a valuable preface by 
Stej.hen Colwell. — MUlnv. 

Xiist, Mrs. IlARHtbT WiNSLOiv, author 
of "Stanzas to the Unsatisfied," and "Morn- 
ing and Nifht," a [loem ; b. Portland. Me., 
3i> June, 1819; ni. in 1848 Charles List of 
Pbila. She is now Mrs. S. E. Sewall, and re- 
sides in .Milrose. .Ms. 

LitbgOW, Wii.LiA.M, lawTcr and patrini, 
b. l.i-orueiown, Ml-.. 1750; A. 16 Keb. 1796. 
Wtn. his lather. jud;;e of the I'.C.P. for Lin- 
i-oln Co., d. 17".'8. The son. an ardent pa- 
trim, was a major in the Cont. line in 1776. 
and was badiv wounded in the aiiu at Sarato- 



ga. After the war, he studied law, engaged 
in practice in Lin<-oln Co.; was a State nenaior 
in 1787; was soon alterwanls niiij.-gcn. of 
militia; and from 1789 till his death was U.S. 
attv. for the disiriet of .Vriine. 

lattell, KLtAKiM. i-ilitor, b. Burlington, 
XJ , Jan. 2, 1797 ; d. B.iM.kline. Ms.. 17 May, 
1870. George, his ani-e-mr. eiiiig. in 16.'jl>-jb. 
Capl. Eliukiiu, his gi-amlfaiher. di-ting him- 
self in the defence of Sprin-lield. X.J., 4 June, 
1780. Editor and pub. of the Saliwuil lUcortl- 
er, Phila. Jan. 1819; changed iis title in 
July, 1821, to the Saliirita / Mm/., publishing 
DeQuinecy's" Confessions iif an Opium- Eater," 
and Charles I^aiub's work"; July. 1822. he 
again changi-d it to a moiiihlv, i-nii:led the 
.Uu:>ffii» of Fw i'fn Kitrraliin- anil t^cif ttrw^ wliii-h 
was edited by Roliert Walsh the first year, af- 
terward bv himself aideii by his bro. Siiuicr 
Littell, M'.n. ; in 1843 it was pub. in New 
York as the Eclectic .U'lsruiii of Fur. hi., and 
not cilited by Mr. L. May 11, 1844, he U-gan 
in Boston LilldJ's [.iviiig Anf, which lie edited 
till his death, when it had reached the lOSih vol. 
In July, 1855, he k'gan the Panoramn «/' l.'l't 
and Lit., A monthly. He was the author of 
the " Compromise Tariff." adoprcil by Clay, 
and c.irried through '"ongrcss during Jack-on 's 
administration llis bni. John STi>CKTOS,b. 
Burlington. N.J., a resident ol Cierin.intinvn, 
Pa., has clited, with biog and hist, noiis. Gray- 
don's Memoirs, 8vo, 1846 ; Alex. GanUn's An- 
ct-iloies of the Amer. Ki-vol. ; and pub. " The 
Life of Hi-iirv Clav." Anmher bro. SQL'IbK, 
M.n., b. Bn.'linu'tiin. X. J.. 1803; 8ur,:ei.ii to 
Willis's Hospital (Phila.), lor disea.-es of the 
eye since its opening in 1834; author nf 
" Manual nf Diseases of the Eve," I2iiio, 18.37 ; 
2d eil , 1840. — .I///.»i»-. 

Iiittell, WtLLt ill, LL I)., rc|H>rter of the 
di-i-isiiiiis ol the Ky. Court of Ap|>eals. and 
compiti-r ot " Liws of Ki-iiini ky," b. N.J. ; d. 
Frankliirt. 1824. Many years an eminent 
mi-mlK-r of the Ky. biir. .Viiihor also of " Ui- 
gi-st of the Statute Law ol Ky.," 1822, 8vo, 3 
Vols., and " Festoons ol Fancy, in Essays. Hu- 
morous. ScntimcntuI, and Political, in Prose 
and Verse." 

Iiittle, Capt Gkorok. of thcRevol. navv. 
h. .M.irshtiel.l, Ms.. 175*; d. Wevraoiith, Mi, 
July 22. 1809. He com. " The' Boston," an 
armed vessel belonging to M»., soon after the 
o|ii-niug of the Ri-vi.|.. and was Ui licut. of 
" The Protector," C«pt. John Foster Williams, 
in 1779. CaptuR-d by a Briti-h frigate, he 
scaled the walls of bis prisiui at Plyniouih, 
Eng.. and esca|ii-d ; soon after i-om. the sloop- 
of-war " Wiiitbrxjp," cruising with sui-is-ss dur- 
ing the rvmainder of the war; app. to eonj. 
the national frigate " Bo-ton " in 1798; and 
made eapt. in the U S N. March 4. 1799. Ho 
captureil several armed French ships, among 
them " Le Berc<-au." alter a K-verv conflnt, 
but was dis<-hapgeil 0> t. 22, 1801, and retired 
to hi- farm. 

Little, Harvet D., lawver, poet, and edi- 
tor, b Wethcrsfield. Ct.. 1803; d. Columbus, 
(»liio. Aug. 22, 1M3. At llie age of 12 or 13, 
he aci-oiup. his father to Fninklin Co., Ohio, 
where he was for several years a printer and 
editor, and afterwards a lawyer. Uis iKx-ins 



553 



first nttracteil general notice in IS'iO, whnn 
t''Cy iippfiirccl uniler the " nom de plume " ]'e- 
hiiqiies, in tlic St. Clairsvillc newspaper, pub. 
Iiv him. 'He ciliteil the EcUclic and Mediail 
li'ilanist at the time of his death. A culo;.'y 
was i>ronounced on his eliaracter bv Rev. War- 
ren Jeiikins before tlie Columbus Tv])0!j;raplu- 
c.d Soe. 30 Nov. 1833. — Pofts and Poelru o/'llie 
\r.st. 

Little, Lkwis Henuy, gen. C.S.A., b. 
Baliiinore, 1818; killed in the battle of Inka, 
Sept. 19,1802. West Point, 1839. Son of 
Col. Peter Little, M.C. from Md. 181 1-13 and 
I?lG-2!): d. ISalt. Feb. 5, 1830. L. H. enter- 
ed tlie .Tth Inf.; he became Ut lieut. 7lh Inf. 
Apr. 1845; brev. eapt. for fj;alhintry at Mon- 
tere}', Sept. 23,1840; distinj;. himself at Cerro 
Gordo ; became capt. Aug. 1847 ; and re>ii;ned 
May 7, 1801, to enter the Confederate army ; 
adj.-geu. Mo. forces on the staff of Gen. Price ; 
and (or his skill and courai;e at the battle of 
Klk Horn was made brig:.-gen. When Van 
Dorn was assijtned to the com. of the dist. of 
North Mpi., Little succeeded to tlic com. of 
Price's division. 

Little, Moses, Revol. officer, b. Newbury, 
Ms., May 8, 1724; d. tliere May 27", 179S. In 
Apr. 177.5, he marched with a company to 
Lexington ; was made a col. ; and was in" the 
battle of Bunker's Hill ; after the evacuation 
of Boston went to N.Y. ; was with his regt. at 
Trenton and Princeton ; and returned home in 
ill-heahb in 1777. A shock of palsy deprived 
biin of speeeh in 1781. App. by the State of 
Ms. in 1779 to com. the naval exped. to the 
IVnob.-cot, he declined on account of Ill-health. 
— ('('ifin^s Sewhnrtj. 

Little, Sophia L., author, h. Newport, 
U.I, 1799; dan. of Ashur Kobbins ; m. in 
1 824 Wm. Little, jun., of Boston. A resident 
of New p , R.I. Has contrib. much to periodicals, 
and pull. " The Last Days of Jesus," 1839; 
"The Annunciation and Birth of Jesus," 
1842; "The Betrothed and the Branded 
Hand," 1844; "Poems;" and a prose-work, 
entiled " Pilgrim's Progress in the Last Days," 
1843. — Cr/sicoWs Fern. Poets. 

Littlejohll,ABItAMN.,D.D.(U.Pa.l8.-)6), 
Pr.-Kp. bi.^hopof L.I. (consec. 19 Nov. 1808), 
b. Muntu'oniury Co.,N.Y., 13 Dec. 1824. Un. 
Coll. 184.5. Adm. deacon 19 Mar. 1848, offi- 
ciating at St. Anne's Church, Amsterdam, 
N.Y., one year ; then at St. Andrew's, Meriden, 
Ct. ; rectoVof Christ Church, Springtivld, Ms., 
10 Apr. IS50, andord. priest in that year ; rec- 
tor of S; Paul's, N. Haven, July 1851-1800, 
and since Kaster Sunday, 1800, rector of Holy 
Trin. Church, Brooklyn, IV. Y. Elected pres. of 
Ilobart Coll. in 1858, an<l declined. Ten years 
Iicturer on pastoral theol. at the Divinity 
School, Middktown, Ct. In 1853 he delivered 
at Pliila. a cour-c of lectures on " The Philos. 
of KcllL'ion," afterward ]>ul'lishcd. 

Littlepage, Lkwis, soldier and diploma- 
tist, b. Hanover Co., Va., Dec. 19, 1702; d. 
l'"rederick-burg, Va , July 19, 1802. Wm. 
and Mary Coll. 1778. A member of the fam- 
ily of John Jay, minister to Madrid ; he vol. 
in Crillon's e.xped. against Minorca in 1781; 
and afierwards accomp. Count Nassan to the 
biege of Gibraltar, and thence to Constantino- 



ple and Warsaw. He was honored for many 
years with the esteem and conlidence of the 
untortunate Stanislaus, king of Poland, un- 
der whom, before the lo.ss of his throne, he held, 
among other offices, that of ambassador to Rus- 
sia ; was created by him a knight of the order 
of St. Stanislaus, chamberlain, and confiden- 
tial sec. ; aud acted as his special envoy in the 
most important negotiations. He also served 
with credit as an officer of high rank in differ- 
ent armies. When Stanislaus lost his throne 
in 1792, Littlepage returned to Virginia. 

Little Turtle (Meciie-cdn-xaqua), a 
Miami chief of great distimtion ; d. Fort 
Wayne, Ind., 14 Jnly, 1812. He is supposed to 
have received some instruction in Canada ; and 
jiosscssed great intelligence, native wit, and men- 
tal vigor. He took jiart in the border warfare 
of the West; and com. at the defeat of Harmar, 
in Oct. 1790, on the Miami, and at that of St. 
Clair, 4 Nov. 1791, at St. Mary's. He was 
present, though not in com., at the battle of 
Fallen Timbers, in which the Indians were de- 
feated by Gen. Wayne, 20 Aug. 1794, he hav- 
ing vainly endeavored to dissuade them from 
attacking the " chief who never sleeps," and 
with whom he urged them to make peace; and 
was one of the signers of the treaty at Green- 
ville, in Aug. 1795. In 1797 he visited Wash- 
ington at Phila., where he had also an inter- 
view with Volney, the French philosopher, 
and was the recipient of a pair of elegantly 
mounted pistols Irom Koscinszko. 

Livermore, Abiel Abbot, clergyman, 
b. Wilton, N. U., Oct. 30, 1811. II.U. 1833. 
He studied divinity at Cambridge ; was ord. 
pastor of the Unitarian Church in Keene, 
N.H., Nov. 2, 1836 ; but left in May, 1850, and 
became pastor of the church in Cincinnati, 
which office he held till the summer of 1856. 
lie became editor of the Christian Inquirer, in 
NY., Jan. 1, 1857; and in June, jiastor of the 
First Unitari.in Church in Yonkers. Pres. of 
the Theol. Seni., MeadviUe, Pa., since 1803. 
His principal works are " The Four Gospels," 
with a commentary, 1841-2 ; " The Acts of the 
Apostles," with a commentary, 1844; "Epis- 
tle of Paid to the Romans," with a commentary, 
12mo, 1855 ; " Lectures to Young Men," 1840; 
"The Marriage-Offering," 1848; "The War 
with Mexico Reviewed," a prize essay, 1850; 
"Discourses," 1854; "Christian Hymns," a 
compilation, 1859. He has also contrib. to the 
N. A. lirvi'W, Christian Examiner, Christian 
lienosilori/, and other periodicals. 

Livermore, Artuub, .lurist, b. London- 
derry, N. H., July 26, 1706 ; d. Campton, 
N.H., July 1, 1853. Son of the Hon. Samuel. 
Was a lawyer by profession, and a member of 
the Icgisl. Assoc, justice in the Superior Court 
1798 to Sept. 1809. Chief justice from the 
latter date until June, 1813; and again assoc. 
justice until 1816 ; M.C. 1817-21 and 1823-5; 
and chief jufiiice C.C.P. in 1825-32. 

Livermore, Edward St. Loe, judge, 
b. Portsmouth, N.H., Apr. 5, 1762 ; d. Lowell, 
Ms., Sept. 22, 1832. Son of Judge Samuel. 
He was a counsellor at law; was U.S. atty. to 
the Circuit Court; M.C. for Essex Co. in 1806- 
12; in 1797-9 a judge of the Superior Court 
of N H. A resident of Boston in 1813, he de- 



^4 



ScMirfe'itfr'^Jrikc' 



T r •..1 loT —*■ 



-TVnu*''rt T» 








uv 



3to, lea; "STsre™ of Pf-ml Lb» f r Lt .'' 
!S26 ; and " Srstem of P«ii^ L£» f-T ibr 
r.S ~ 1 52?. — .§9? LiH ^Lir-iMpKox, TV C H. 
Ei.ht ixo. 1 ?-54. 

Ijringstoil, Ge5. Heiczt. b. LiTisrssna 
Mn or. N.T_ Jaa. 19. lT5f : d. -^ere JUt 3S. 
\ r^"- He Tn. in Canada &t fiH ear-T a£* : -w^as 
E :?:;:.-rC'L ai Saraicira: asd ccm. ai Sidsit 
Pc - : ,': tt!? r-»T)e ■:■:" A'-d •'i'> trtai-c>a. 

XdTLcsstor.. ~:'_ Revet SExsjtts. 

•K. -:. .r:i: V T " : -- :. So; of 

E .-.- :; f : ■ . --7.^- Ui 



S;: 



A; Or to 



Q. ; = ^ i- be n-** airr.- 

rer e of X-Y-, aaa s 

«:;•:: - - X.T. Sotu te Cis- 

einra:. 

TJ ^ngsartTij Hestkt Wiuii. M.CL, 
IsCC-T. K X.T. irej; i liiiliAso*^, S.T^ 
Dec- *i ISIOL T.C- iri« Ednca-ej to ihe 
\*w : jaire of CX J. of Coioa^iia Co, X.T : 
srr. TO Mr SI onis, ajsliassador to Fr^Kf is 
1T9± 

loringSbHl, Coi^ Jake?. Kevo'_ oS«r, 
K Ca .idi. ;74T; d. Saraxara C^-u. S-T-Sot. 
ax 1 $3:^ Soa cf iiiba asi r»-<t«T-^^w Tec 
BroH^of tfae l«a»^ oi Roten. Bc^ie'T of ihe 
|«o}ainor of i^ lirat^ssoa MasKur. Po^tfesf- 
nt^ sooe isSaccee sbobs ibe CtTtaJfants. be 
bcrasf co^ of ibr l^t. of Caataoiaa ^ensee^^ 
wfca joined Got. Mogfc.n«i.i_i . Wldibcalir- 
iBsaioa ca^Eaie3 For; C^aB} jr. it$ sarrisDoi 9Bd 

of CasK^ : aai parnripased ia i^ 
attack «a Qwtec He ms aise ai ife kanie 
of ScSa-aMT, aad serrcd to t^ eai of ihr war. 
His bros^KTs, IJc9i.-CoL HJchard aad Ca^ 
A^cr.hsja -nre ia Af saae ccns. Bf TC:saded 
it M • T-eil. vbere he m. FirrivA $iB]saa. 

". '" -"■--: --^^ir - - . j,j^ 

::-■. : r. - as, 

:%: :^:=- Br. . . ss. 

T.O. iTfi- iie>c-i.^ .. >._ .. .^- r .r.-«rf 
$t*d}t>i tM«ic^ ia CtrR&i. HoJiaad ; aai, 
barinf tem ord. tn- dK tteas of \ ai ■ lian. 
;- 1 --.-. >«. t Ti^F 'paisaor of lie mock CWiA 
-N^ rr. WUJr ia UoHaM. he incana 
' T if*ce of Ae Aaer. charches o«a 
U:c 1^ ; r. dassi^ smi tS e taei a aanoa he- 
t««cs the folder ia ITTi — two |ani» har- 
aag fc i M e ih <i»i c W i^esL la I~5 he vss 
■L loKs Sdan^o, ihe4aa.«f Ph^ Lrrias- 
slOB : aad ia ITTfi, harii^ mBorcij ««■ XT. 
«■ die ocnpanoB of &ai otr inr the Bnos*. 
he |iRa<4(d ai A">iir 5 ."! yfi->" a . : "ia aaad at 
KiR4r<^N«9 xtti Pp. . n: ihe ckii« 

of the w»Trcnirc. Vrihe^icai. 

STBod ia IT54 jw. •■ . : »TS aoTal] 

1 7*5 that a KjmJar saz irA-' • »* .ipearl — du 
hi$ {Qmrnoa ai Bedftr^ LX Tha^vascSaaed 
tvo reai^ after far ia(& of sapfon. Dr. L. 



Dr. L trtr tpti^ -..re*. i.r,i Trol :■' -.bei-jj^ ia 
Qoeeii's Coiiu. X- SraiK:*"i:-i. X. J. He |iu&- 
" A Faaen] Suiiu, " ~ Ineesinoiur M^jTiast.^ 
a £ssenasim on aaaiiia ge idzh e sf;sr-iG-}s«', 
1S3C; 'PsB^ss ad Hjaais.' &e.; - £bC 
I>aschClLiBy.A...'l§14: t3ti somt (xcaeimuJ 
jnenes. — Sae Ux, bv Bet. Ain. Gmm, ^.T. 
IS29. 

IfViltgBtlHL, Pia5|i, BeroL smwiffmT' K 
Al'isBT. Jm. J5 iTj6; d. Tort- Pa.. Jime 1±, 

iTT«- T.C. ITST. 4zh SOB lc ?': : vno 

inberhed the manor of Lrrinrr^ ^- 

iber Bc-tterL He rectiae a : 
cbaD" -I'f V.T. Cirr : irt* m fijie". " — -. 

£rj3 iiecaiDe a roemtisj cc ibe 'it^-~. :z 'r?. 
He ir£5 c«ne of :be «»m. cc ^oTT^esc>- ■w";tb Tie 
fir-er: fivr tije CcOcct ia Eur- Eiitimn Bctt- 
1:1 ] Tf4 he rp;»:«^?d 10 liie bocse £ i>err:i a> 
toe ir.nr. *fxrvr.rfi> Bocrrtrei. croc^nr ibe iu- 
leoded taxai3i.fn of tbe C-ctkscie^ : aj»a m 1 7S5, 
as s^ieaker. be azsed liie assver td we innse 
lo ihe Bvaa leoo-, ^id afae » two ^canMiak 
ro the Bii&^ imSanrem : ia ITSS he w aa- 
seani iar die Torr na^airr. Xeaiis' <€ its 
Coac Cw^TCi? a'1774-S. he mat oah- a^ned 
i«t SD<eBS<*£h' adrocKBd de I>sd.«f Indefi. 
On. }1. 1774, he was. -misk hoe ami Jm. s^ 
» ^anjfut a ioe^Kvial a> die fetfie of Biia^ 
Axaeiiea. and sa aMres? IB aie iieevfe cf Gk9E 
Braam. Ajra SS. 1775, he w^ cinsen fae^ 
of Ti>e Prcrx' Ccaeu^ : and Ft*. 1, 177€. was 
im£xm»-*ii^lT e.ecrediBi^AsseBiilT. Heme 
a iBeiKrier af ibe senaK pfSDoicr rut : rt^rr.m 
of die adcfioaa af ihe Ssaae 
iBe^&O' «f ihe hoaa^ of ihe C 
177Sl a»d of its Btanne con 
fc«3ided ihe jn^fessois^ ef c;Tii_rr i^ T. C. 
n 174$ : was eae of die BaEBier? cf ihe X.T. 
Saoeiv Ukaty, ami of the C^inTifT «f Caot- 
Boce'; asd aad«d iBBKnaEr n ihe esoike^ 
K of CsiL ObH f^«TioBs IB has ^Bcem he 
9B3d jan df his fu v v i i^} i« saqma the jaASc 
cn<£>. Sis soa BESx^P^!liwaea■E■her 
of Wx£Ua«:9ia's £a^^ ia ITTS. 

lipinSSStS. 'P r ;lxr R T»%e. h. 37W; 
d.PhCs.''^ ~ ."sub of JBtaiws, 

■a n h ^''K 9naDd saa 

of the : .OB MsBfi- md 

whoi \..:T-:;'. "•■?-- .'i-r. 

j a dg eoftheA. 
ires a jaaioe - 

Dwhes O-ia :^. -..■..-.^... .:..;-;..- ....^ 
»>9S. >■ i7C7. aaa aswi b i77&. id ax a iae 
af jaTi- 4d a.iJ « a terrcea X-Y. aiad Ife. Hem. 
Maisnet. «aa. af CM. Bearrr 1tw*»a» . lar 
vhMa hefaad OaaiailBr Saten K, Joe: («te 
m. GeK. ManacwrrV OaL Heaar B, and 

I ^viaSHW , BnacxT R- TJ.P, saae»- 
naiu it Sew T«t. Xer. ST, 1747 ; i Feh. 2S, 
ISIS. Cakaak.CWL17tc>. ffis anessisr fic^ 
tn. <tf a naiue SMCifh &^)t, «■>£. w Aser. 
a K7S. aad ia IiBSt ahrmnwi a {oaeaa ^nribe 
XBascr «f LrriKsaea. He fc aca a eid law wch 
STOK <*N«i« ia XrwToi^; hat xa 1. .^ lost 
die «&» of KtnHrder. whoch be otsaine^ ia 
'""^ .-•- fl^rrtTT of Ms aaadancT- T.- '^Sr-rr; 
1 IB the ASHPIT o 

'.-l he was a t. -" 

i. ile agadd ih; . . 



IjIV 



556 



UL.O 



was sw. of fon'i;:n affainf from Auj;. 1781 to 
AiiK- I"8."t; and iluriiii: the Uevol. sii;nali«.'tl 
himsi'lf liy his zeal iiml itficieni'v in the cause. 
Mi'iiil>erorilio N.Y. Cmist. Cunv. in Apr. 1777 ; 
ho was cliiinit'llur of ihe stud- frnm 1777 until 
Fi'l). l$UI.H$$uch adininistcrini; ihv onth uf 
office lo WashinL'tun upun liis innuj;. as prcs. 
In 178S lie was cliiiirin in of llic X.V. convi-n- 
tion lo i-onMdcr llic U.S. Coiisiitnlion, ami prin- 
cipally iiistruineiKal in prociirin:; its adoption. 
Ministri'-pk-ni|H) to I'niiia: in 1801— J. ho pru- 
cnre>l the ecssion of I.a. in Apr. 180.1, and a 
wttlrmcnt for tlio nnmerons s)>oliation» tiy the 
Frvni-h on onriomtnerce. Napoleon, on lakine 
leave of liini, presented to him a .splendid sniitf- 
bo\, with a miniature likeness of himself liy 
l>al>ey. While in Paris, ho funned a friendship 
for Fulton, whom he materially a».Hisieil in his 
plans of steiim-nnvi^ition. He introduced into 
N. Y. the use of );yp.suin, and the hreed of me- 
rino sheep ; and was pres. of the X.Y. Acad of 
Fine Art-s, and ai.so of the Ajrric. Society. Few 
men hiive been concenie<l in events of greater 
im|Miriancc to thecouutry, — the Dec!, of Indep., 
the framing ol the Constitutions of N.Y. and of 
the U.S.. the purchase of I..a. Terr, the p."rm 
of many im|x>rtant Slates, and, lastly, the in- 
vention of steam-naviiration. in which ho was 
the eflieicnt coadjutor of Fulton. lie pub. 
"Oration bof. the Cincinnati," .July 4, 17S7 ; 
"Address to the Soc. for Promotiu}; the Arts," 
1808; " Kssavs on A;;riculture; " " Essav on 
Sluvj.." London, Svo. 1811. 

Iiivingston, Wii.lum, I.L.D. (Y.C. 

1788). Siaiesnian, bro. of Philip, b. Albanv, 
ah. Nov. ;!0, 172.1; d. Uliiabi'ilr.own, N. J., 
July 2.5, 1790. Y.C. 1741. lie l>cc«me an 
eminent menilwr of the bar of N.Y. and N..I. 
In 1752 he pull, with \Vm. Smith, jun., the first 
" Diu'ost of the Colony Laws." and eomnieni'cd 
a woeklv political, miscellaneous Jonrnal, llie 
luii /leiitii III Itrfteclor : in 17.')7 he pub. in de- 
fence of Gov. Shirley, " A Keview of the Mili- 
tary Dpcralions in N.A., from 1753 to April 
14,' 1756, in a Letter to a Nobleman ;" in 1758 
he was elected a monilwr of the Assembly, lie 
wrote much in opposition lo the proposed 
Ameiieaii Episcopate. Having pun-hasol a 
trad of land in IClizalieihlown, N. J., he built 
H house, which he called " Liberty Hall;" in 
1773 he removed there, where he passed the 
remainder ol his life. He early espoused the 
cause ol the Colonies ; was elecii'd a delegate 
to the first Coiit. Concress from N. .1. in 1774 ; 
was unanimously t«-elected in 1775, and was 
put on several of the most ini|iorlaut commit- 
tees ; but was rvcallcd June 5, to command as 
bri^.-!^.'n. the State militia, and after \Vm. 
Franklin was deposed, in June. 1776. suc- 
cccilol to the offii'O of gov., which he retained 
to the close of his life. In the irjinj; circum- 
stances in which N. Jersey was placed, as a 
frontier Stale, during the itcvol., he conducted 
his iiovt. with crcat jiid<;ment and encrjry. The 
British mades<-ver«l e.\|«<lllionsforthc puqmse 
of kidnappini; that " Hon Quixote of the Jer- 
seys" (as they calleil the j;ov., who was tall 
in' person and very thin); but he was always 
fortunate cnou^'h to escape. In 1787 ho was 
a deleuale to the convention which framed 
the Federal Conslitutiun; he refused the app. 



of comroiss, to sinKTinti'nd the constniction 
of the Fetloral buildin;;*. and of minisier to 
Holland. A Memoir by Tlieodoic Sed;.'ewick, 
with his Corresp., was pub. in 1M2. He 
wiis ihc author of a (roem called " Philosophi- . 
cal Solitude," 1747; a funeral oration on 
President Burr of Princeton Colli-;;c ; and a 
variety of (loliiical and inisci'llaneoiis tracts. 

Iiivius, Peter, roiinsellor of N.H., chief 
juslicc of Canada, b. Diilfonl, Enj;., 1727; d. 
Ent;. 23 July, 1795. He rvviived an hon. do- 
prvo from H.U. in 1767. A residi nt of Port-s- 
roonth.N.H.; proscriU-d a.s a loyalist in 1778; 
chief justii-e from May 31, 1777, to 17S6, when 
he went to England. 

Lloyd, D.kViD, an ear'v and influential 
Welsh settler in Pa.; d. Chester, Pa., 1731, a. 
75. Arriving in Phila. in 1686, he pnutised 
law there, and was in that year coiuniiss. by 
Wm. Penn atty.-gen. of the provimv. He was 
al.so iy. n«^isUT-gen. under his Welsh frieml 
Tbos. Ellis ; was frequently a mcinl»-r of the 
As8<.'mbly, and speaker of that Uxly ; and from 
1717 till his deatli was chief justii-,? of Pa. He 
was a zodlouii and consistcni Quaker. Quil- 
ling Phila. in 1700, hi afterward lived at Ches- 
ter. — Smilli's I hi. Cu. 

Lloyd, Ed« ARD, gov. of Md. in 1809-11 ; 
d. AnnaiHjIis. June 2. 1834. a. 53. M.C. 180ft- 
9, and U.S. 9.-nator in 1819-26. An Edwanl 
Llovd w;us tu.iuhcrof the Cont, Congress from 
Mdiin 1783-4. 

Lloyd, James, M.D. (H.U. 1790), phvsi- 
cian, b. L.I. Apr. 172S; il. Uostoii, Manh 14, 
1810. Ilis grandfather James came from Soin- 
crsi'ishire, I'ng., ah. 1670; d. IJo-ton, 1691. 
Ueiiry his failicr ownnd and resiilcd on a val- 
uable' estate in N.Y., and in. in Boston ihe dan. 
of John Nelson. James siuiliedmiilicincat Strat- 
ford, Cl., at Bo-Ion, and in Lon.Ion ; n-iumed 
1752; and for 58 years had an extensive prac- 
tii-e. He was for some time sur^-eon of CiLstlo 
William; and in 1764 was a streu nous advo- 
cate for a general inoculation. Among the 
manv eminent pupils who came to him were 
Ur. Joseph Wam-n, Ur. Isaac Kami, l)r. John 
Jeti'rics, and Dr. John I'larke. Member of the 
AiniT. Philos. Scnictv. — Thirhir. 

Lloyd, James, L'L.n. (H.U. 1826), state*, 
man, son of the prv-cvding, h. B >ston, 1769; 
d. N. Y. April 5. 18.11. 11. U. 1787. He re- 
ceived a mercantile training in his native city ; 
visiieil Euix)|H' in 1 792 ; and n-sideS for a tiiiic 
in Russia. A iiieinlxr of the house and senate 
of M«. as i-arlv a« 1800. Ho wils dialing, as a 
U.S. senator m 1808-13 and 1822-6; and was 
chair, of the com. of coiumcrre and nav. atl'air», 
which, as he was in the minority [larty.cvinii'S 
the estimation in which he was hi!d. He iinb. 
some jioitical tracts, the last of which relaiw 
til the British <-olonial intercourse ; was an 
able siH-akir ; and a iiicmlK r of the .\cad. of 
Arts and Sciences. He n«dcd in Phila. a few 
vears N fon- his d ath. He in. in 1S09 the dan. 
of S.inincl Breck of Philadelphia. 

Llovd, Thomas, suiciNtli'U Penn as deputy 

g>v. of Pa. after ilio rvtum of the lati. r to 
ng. 1684-8, b. Polobnin. .Monrponiery shire, 
Wales, 1649; d. July 10, 1694. Ediicati-d at 
Oxford; but, embracing the principles of the 
Friends, be aceomp. Penn to America. H< nat 



LOG 



5o7 



t-OG- 



an able minister, and had many di>putes with 
the cleryry and nobility of En^. ; and also suf- 
fered iuii'iri^onments, and "much loss of out- 
ward subsranee " in his native land. He was 
alio niu<h exercised by the revilings of that 
"lui^eralile apostate," Ceorge Kei(h, "which 
the Lord ^ave hiui patience to bear and over- 
come." In 1689 the adinini.-itration again de- 
volved on him, as pres. of the Council. — Coll. 
of Q>iaL-( r MtinorUus. 

Locke, David Ross ('■ Nasbv "), b. Ves- 
tal, Uroume Co., X.Y., 20 Sept. '1833. Edu- 
cated ai a common school ; learnc'l the print- 
er's irade in the office of the Cortland O'lno- 
oat ; was a local reporter in various Western 
cities ; snccessivelv editor and pub. of the Ad- 
fcrtiW, riymouth" O. (1S52), IJemlU, Mans- 
field, O., './ounitil, Bueyrus, O., and Jiffcrso- 
nian, Findlay, O., in wliieh he commenced his 
" Nasby " letters in 1860. Since editor of the 
TcJtdo Blade. He is a saccessfnl lecturer, and 
as a political satirist is unequalled. Has pub. 
"Nasby," 1865; "Swin^in' Round the Cir- 
kle," 1866; and " Ekkocs from Kenlueky ; " 
also a score or more of painphlets, mostly polit- 
ical. 

IiOCke, Jaxe Ekmixa, poet, b. Worthing- 
tou, Ms., Apr. 2.), 1805; d Ashburnbam. Ms., 
March 8, 1859. Jlrs. Locke, formerly Miss 
Starkweather, was long a contrib. to newspa- 
pers and periodicals. A vol. of her poems was 
pub. in iJostun, 1842; "Rachel, or the Little 
Mourner," 1844; "Boston." a poem. 1846; 
" The Uecalled, or Voices of the Pa>t," 1855 ; 
and a Ubymed Eulogy on the death of Web- 
ster the siinie year. She m. in 1829 Jons G. 
Locke of I3o>ton. They resided in Lowell 
from 1833 to IS49, and subseqiunily in Bos- 
ton, ilr. Locke pub. in 1853 a genealogy of 
the Lot ke family. — .See Geneal. lieg. xxv., 91. 

Locke, JIatiiew, statesman, b. near 
Sali=bury, X C, 17.30; d. there .Sept. 7, 1801, 
Member'of the Congress at Halifax, which, in 
17T6, framed the State constitution ; also 
member of the legisl. which ratified the U.S. 
Constitution; and was M.C. in 1793-9. He 
also served 30 years in the legisl. ; had 4 sons 
in the Rcvol. armv, and was a gen. of militia. 

Locke, Samlel, n.D. (H.U 1773), pres. 
of 11. U. bom March 21, 1770, to Dec. 1, 1773, 
b. Woburn.Ms , Nov. 23, 1732 , d. Sherborn, 
Jan. 15, 1778. H.U. 1755. A descendant of 
Ueacon Wm., who was brought to X.E. a child 
in 1635, and settled in Woburn. Nov. 7, 1759, 
he settled ill ibc ministry at Sherborn; dism. 
Feb. 2, 1770. — -Seu-ali's Wohurn. 

LockWOOd, Henrv Hall, soldier and 
iasiiuctor, b. Kent Co., Del., 17 Aug. 1814. 
West Point, 1836. Entering the 2d Art., he 
served against the Seminoles in Fla., and re- 
signed 12 Sept. 1837. Prof. math. US. navy 
1841-61 ; and prof. nat. and exper. philos. 
U.S. Naval Acad , since Apr. 1866. He served 
at the cap'ure of Monterev, Cal, in Oct. 1847 ; 
col. 1st Del. Vols. 25 May, 1861 ; brig.-gcn. 
vols. 8 Aug. 1861. He com. an exped. to the 
easteiTJ shore of Va. in Nov. 1861 ; com. the 
defences of the Lower Potomac, Jan.-June, 
1863; was engaged at Gettysburg 1-3 July, 
1863; and ii\ the Richmond campaign. May 
and June, 1864; participating in the actions 



near Hanover C.H., May 30-June 1 ; and 
com. pro\is. troops for defence of Baltimoie 
against raid of rebel Gen. Early, July, 1864. 
Author of some military treatises. — tW/««i. 

LockWOOd, Ja.mes, b. Norwalk, 1714, 
minister of Wetberslicld, Ct., from 1739 to bis 
d. July 20, 1772. Y.C. 1735. He favored 
Mr. Wbitefield when he visited New Eng., and 
declined the prcsideni y of Princeton and Vale 
Colleges. He was a theologian and scholar, 
prudent, benevolent, and faithful. He pub. 
some sermons. 

IjOCkwood, Samdel, commo. U.S.N., b 
Ct. Midsbipm. July 12, 1820; lieut. 1828; 
com. 1850; coinmo. 1867. Served in 1826 in 
sloop " Warren," engaged in ferreting out 
Greek pirates; com. steamers "Petrel" and 
"Scourge" 1847-8; and assisted at capture 
of Vera Cruz, Tuspan, and Tabasco ; com. 
steamer " Dn\ light" 1861-2, blockading Wil- 
mington and Beaufort, York Uiver and New- 
port News; silenced confcd. battery at Lynn- 
haven Bay, Va. ; and rescued a Baltimore sliip, 
and assisted in the capture of Jb'ort Macon ; 
retired 1 Oct. 1S64. — £/timer.s/y. 

Logan (TAn-GAH-jUTE), an eloquent Indi- 
an cliiel ; d. 1780, a. ab. 55. He was named 
Logan alter James Logan, sec. of Pa. ; and 
was the son of Sbikelhiney, a celebrated Cayu- 
ga chief who dwelt at Sbamokin on the Sus- 
quehanna. Subseqiienily to 1767, he removed 
to the West, where, in 1772, the Moravian mis- 
sionary Heckwclder met him on the Beaver 
River, and recognized his e-\iraordinary capa- 
city, lie spoke English with fluency and cor- 
rectness. Logan's family were niassaered by a 
party of whites in the spring of 1774 ; and, in 
revenge, Logan bntcbcrcd men, women, and 
children, and took part in the battle of Point 
Pleasant, Oct. 10, 1774. The Indians were 
defeated, and sued for peace; Logan refused to 
attend the treaty, but sent by an interpreter, in 
a wampum belt, a speech of great eloquence 
and pathos, preserved in Jefferson's " Notes on 
Va." In the fall of 1779 ho again resumed 
his onslaughts on the banks of the Holston. 
In June, 1780, he joined Capt. Bird of Detroit 
in a bloody raid into Kentucky. Not long 
alter, at an Indian council held at Detroit, 
while liciizied by liquor, he felled his wife 
bv a sudden blow. He fled, .supposing he had 
killed her. Overtaken bjtween Sandusky and 
Detroit by a troop of Indians, whom he sup- 
posed her avengers, he franti.^aJy e.xclaiineil 
that the whole party should fall by his wea- 
pons : while leaping from his horse to execute 
Ills threat, an Ind. shot him dead. — St.' liniulz 
M„rr's his.: hf. Md. Hist. Soc. 9 May, 1851. 

Logan,(>ES. Benjamin, an early pioneer 
of Ky.. b. Pa. ab. 1742; d Shelby Co., Ky., 
Dee. 1 1 , 1802. His father, an Irishman, came to 
thiscouniry early in the I8ih century, and set- 
tled in Pa., but subsequently removed to Augus- 
ta Co., Va. Young Logan, though entitled by 
the laws of Va. to the whole of the landed 
property of his father at bis dccea.se, distrib- 
uted it between bis bros., sisters, and mother. 
At 21 he removed to the banks of the Holston, 
where he purchased a farm, and married. Ho 
was a sergeant in Bouquet's exped. in 1764; 
and in 1774 he was in Dunmore's exped. In 



xoo- 



558 



IXJO- 



ITTS he ri'movfJ to Ky.,nn<) soon Ktnme par- 
liculurly tlisiiii^. In the »|irin^- ot I7T6 he 
look hid raiiiily to u siniill si'ItkiiKiit rallud 
Lo;:airs Fuit, iicur llunoil'.biir);; hire he wdd 
niiiu'ke<l, May 20, 1777. hy ii lur;{C Ibrcc of Ii>- 
iliiiiiH, ihi'ou;,'h which he m^ule hit way aluiie, 
anil rvturm-il with Miipuiics fur hi^t puny, who 
soon Auccevilcd in ilriviii); olf ihc loe with loss. 
Ill July, 1779, he was Mcoml in com of an 
uiisuiTcs>fiil exp«il. aiijiiihst Chillicothc, under 
Col. Bowman, lie wus en;;iigv>l in a^'rioul- 
luiiil pn^^uil9 until I7S8, when he conilucted 
nn e.\ped. u^iainst the not lh-we>tcrn iriln'M, hum- 
in;; their vilhi;;e>, anil destroying their crops. 
Upon his return he devoted himself to the civil 
allairs of the eonniry, bein;; a niemlHT of the 
convention of 179J, which frumed the tii>t con- 
stitution of Kv. WiLLiAU his son, U.S. senator 
1819-20, d. Au;;. 8. I82i. — .)At'/u/i^ iy'est. 
Allrnilme. 

IiOgan, l^oRNELius A., poet and draina- 
tisi. h Ualtimore, 1801'; d. Cincinnati, I'ch. 
2-2, 18j.'l. Kducaied at St. Mary's Cull, for 
the priesthood, disinclination to this career 
led him to make severiil voya^jes to Europe as 
a supercargo. Turning his utieniiou to litera- 
ture, be ossified Paid Allen in the /jullimore 
Chioiiicle; next turned theatrical critic in 
Pliila. ; and was afterward a comedian. In 
1840 ho removed to Ciucinnaii. He was a 
bold defender of the stage against pulpit at- 
tacks. Uis nply to a sermon hy l.yinan 
Beecher is admiraMe in learning ns in tcininT. 
He wrote manv plavs, among tluin " The 
Wag of Maine,'' 3 aits, 1835; "The Wool- 
Dealer," a farce, written for Dan Marble; 
" Yankee Laml," a comedy, 1834; " Ueinov- 
ing the Deiiosits;" " Astiiric," an adaptation 
of Shelley s " Cenci ; " "A Hundred Years 
Hence," a burlesque. His poem " The Mis- 
sissippi," was copieil in the Edinbttnih /iVricir, 
with a hanJ'>ome tiihulu to the uiitlior. His 
daii;.'liters ICIiza, Olive, and Ctcilia, have 
achieved di.'<iinction on the .-■lai.'c. 

Logan, i;Liz.v,aeire.-s, b. I'hda. Aug. 1830. 
Dan. ot C. A. Logan ; ednealed at un acad at 
Lancaster, l*n. Traineil lor her profession bv 
h.r father, she made her c/<f.ii/ Jan. 28. 184l', 
us Norvul, at the Wuliiut st Theatre, I'hila. 
She first upp. in New York at the Bro.idway, in 
June, 1850. as Pauline in "ThcLadyof Lyoiik." 
In I8.')9 she m. George Woo<1 the niaiiagv-r, 
lM)uglit Wood's Theatre, Cineinnati, and rctire<l 
from the stage. Died N.Y. Cilv, .Jan. 15, 1872. 

Logan, Ui:uKuii. M D., philanthropist, b. 
Stallion. I'a., Sept. 9. 1 753 ; d. there Apr. 9. 1821. 
Grandson of James I..ogan. A'^lcr three years' 
study at the Med. School of Edinburgh (where 
he took his degree), he made a tour of the con- 
tinent, and returned to America in 1779. He 
applie<l himself lor some years to iiuiieulture, 
which he was one of the lirst in America to 
prosc«-uie siicccssitilly in a scienlilie manner ; 
also .Hcrvetl several terms in the lc;;isl. ; and 
in June, 1 798, cmliiirked for Europe, lor the 
purjiose of attempting to avert a threatened 
war between Aincriea and Franco. Dr. Logan 
iH'rsuailed the French liovt. to annul the cm- 
barf^ on Aiiicr. shipping, and prepared the 
way for a ncgoliuiiun. which icrniinaicd i.i 
peace. He was deuouiieed by the Federalists, 



on his return, n» the treasonable envoy of a 
fiiriion ; and. in the latter |iart of 1798. un act, 
known n» " Logan's Act." was passed by Con- 
gress, making it a high misdciiicanor for • 
private citizen to interlcrc in a controversy ho- 
tween the U.S. and a foreign country, in the' 
manner he had done. U.S. senator from I'a. 
from I;<t>l to 1807. He went to Eng. in 1810, 
as u selt-coiistituted agent. I<> attempt n recon- 
ciliation of thedifficul'ics betworu (ireat Britain 
and the US.; but bis mission was fruitless 
An active in> mlier of the Board of A^ric. and 
of the I'hilosupbical Society lie piib. " Ilx- 
periinents on Gypsum," and on the " llotation 
of Crops," in 1797. He was a member of the 
Society of Friends. His widow Deliorah, 
skilletl ill the early historv of I'a.. and a tiicin- 
berol the Fa. Hist. Socil. Feb. 2, I8i9, a. 77. 
IjOgan, J.\>iKS, a learned »i iter and stales- 
man, b. Lurgan, Ireland, Oct. 20, 1G74 ; d. 
Oct. 31, 1751. at Stanton, near I'liila. Of Scot- 
tish parentage. At the age ot l.'l he hud ac- 
quired I.,atiii. Greek, and some Hebrew, and 
afterwards masicre'd mathciinitics, and the 
French, Italian, and Spun, languages. While 
engaged in nude lictwceii Dublin and Bristol, 
Wm. I'enn made pro|iosals to him to accom- 
pany hiin to I'a. as his sec, which he accepted, 
and landeil in Fhila. in the lieginning ot Dec 
1699. Upon Peiin's return to Eng. in 1701, he 
left his sec. invested with many iiuporlani of- 
fices, which he discharged with fidelity and 
judgment. He filled the oflices of provincial 
sec, eoinniissioncr of property, chief justice, 
and u|Niii the demise of Gov (ionlon in Oct. 
1736, governed the pruvinc lor two years as 

I ires, ol the eoiiiicil. He w.is ihe frienil of the 
iidians, possesse<l nncominoii aliiliiics, and 
great wisdom and modcia.ion. His valuable 
library of 2.000 vols, he beipicatlied (o the pub- 
lic. Author of " AV/x ri'dif »M .\frltl> nulla ile 
I'tanlaruiii Urmnitiuut," \\t\nen\n 1739; of two 
other Latin treatises of a scientific character, 
pub. in Holland; of an English translation of 
Cicero's " iJt Stiiirtute," pub. in 1744. hy BenJ, 
Franklin ; and of Cato's " OislirLs," the latter 
in verse ; and he left a variety of pu)>crs on 
ethics and philology. L<i::aii's charges us chief 
justice were reprinted abroad. 4to. 1736. Wii,- 
LIASI, his eldest son. niuny years in the gov- 
ernor's council, d. June, ISnl. Gkobue bis 
grandson was a disiin:;. pbilanihropisi. — Oy< 
Miiuoir»,of Loyan. Ill/ \l'. AriHi^»id; SLtlch.tj^ 
J. F. Fisliri, la SpiirLs's FitinUin. 

Logan, J<iil.N ALi:xANUblt. soldier and 
senator, b. Jackson Co, III., 9 Feb. 1826. U. 
of Louisville. 1852. After iwcivinga common 
school education he served in the Isi III regt. 
in the .Me\. war. rising from the ranks to be 
licut. and qnarierm. Studied law; was adm. 
to practice in 1852; made |trosee. attv. .'Id jud. 
dist. ; and was a Denioc. ineiiiber of tW h'gisl., 
and .M.C. in lS.59-62; Repub. M.C. in 1807- 
71 ; app. minister to Mexico in Nor. 1865, and 
declineil ; cliosen U.S. senator for the lerni of 
1871-7. He fouglil at Bull Run 21 July, 1861, 
as a private in a Mich. regt. : returned to III. 
in Aug., and raised the 31st 1:1. Vols., which 
he com. nt the battle of Bc'mont; severely 
woamlcd in the attack on 1 on Donelson ; 
made bii^f.-jjcu. 21 Mar. I8J2; uiterward cotn. 



LOGJ- 



559 



Loisr 



the forces nt Jackson, Tenn. ; maj.-fjen. 29 
Nov. 1S6-.'; com. Sii div. ITili corps (.McPhcr- 
ton's) in tlicV'icUshurg and Allantiiciim|)aigns; 
com, with lii.^tinction the aimy of Tcim. after 
ilie fall of iMcPhcrson, and until relieved by 
(Jen. llow;ird ; and enyagud in the buttles of 
l{e«aca, Krne^aw, Atlanta, and Bentonville 
(N.C.). He was one of the most successful 
uf the civilian generals of the war, and is a 
vii;oron< and fluent speaker. 

Logan, Olivb, actress and lecturer, dau. 
ol C. A. Lo;,'an, b. N Y. IS41. After prelim- 
inary practice in the West, she made her i/rt«( 
An;;. I'J, 1854, at the Arch-st. Theatre, Phlla. 
Mic withdrew from the stage, and sailed for 
ILivre in \SJ'. Alter graduatingwiih distinc- 
tion at an English female coll., she became a 
contrib. to English and French i)apers, and in 
18C0 pnl). two novels, " Chateau i'risac " and 
"Phoiographs of Paris Life." Aug. -29, 1864, 
she re appeared at Wallaek's Theatre, N.Y., in 
" Eveleen," her own play. She then starred in 
the West and South, and re-appeared in N Y., 
at the Broadway, in Nov. 18155, in the play 
called " Sam," which ran nearly lOU nights. 
Retired from the stage in ISGS, and has since 
lectured sucecsslnlly, principally in behalf of 
the woman's rights movement. Married Ed- 
mund A. Dclille, Apr. 1857; divorced iJce. 
18G5. She is a sprightly, piquant writer, and 
was, while upon the stage, one of its ornaments. 
IJesides the above she has pub. " Women and 
Theatres," 1869. and a |)lay. 

liOgan, Sir William Edmond, Canadian 
geologist, b. Montreal, Apr. 2;J, 1798. U. of 
Edinburgh, 1817. In 1818 he entered the iner- 
cuntile oliice of his uncle in London, and be- 
came a partner. Returning to Canada for a 
brief time, his attention wiis drawn to its geol- 
ogy; but from 1829 to 1S38 he managed a cop- 
pcr-snieliiiig and coal-mining establisliment in 
Swausc.i, South Wales, in which his uncle was 
intere.-lid. lie studied the coalfield of that 
region ; and his maps and sections were adopted 
by the ordnance gcol. survey, and pub. by the 
govt. lie was the first to demonstrate that the 
stratum of under-clay which underlies the coal- 
bcils was the soil in which the coal-vegetation 
grew. In 1841 he visited the coalfields of Pa. 
and Nova Scotia, and communicated several 
valuable memoirs to the Geol. Society of Lon- 
don, lie was at the same time app. to the 
head of the gcol. survey of Canada, where 
he still lontiuues He represented Canada at the 
Great E.xhibition in London in 1851, and was 
made a fellow of the Roy. Society; and was 
also n coniiniss. at the Industrial Exhibition at 
Paris in 1855, where he received Irom the Im- 
perial Coniuii-,sion the grand gold medal of 
'lionor, and was created a Knight of the Legion 
of Honor. In 1856 he was knighted by the 
(jueen, and leceived from the Geol. Society the 
Wollaston P.illadiuin medal, for his prominent 
services in geology. His pub. works will be 
found in his Annual Reports of the Canadian 
Survey, Proceedings of the liritish A>soc. and 
the Geol. Soc, embracing' important papers on 
the geology ol Canada and the coal-districts of 
Pa. null N.' Brunswick, beside his researches in 
Wue^.— .fV.»«. 

liOmax, Joii.N Tavlol, LL.U. (U. U. 



1847), jurist, b. Port Tobago, Va., Jan. 1781. 
Wm. ami M. Coll. 1798. In 1799 he began to 
study law, and in 1802 commenced |jraetice on 
the Rappahannock. He was in Eredericks- 
burg from 18U5 to 1809 ; spent the next 9 years 
at Mcnokin, Richmond Co.; and in 1818 re- 
turned to tlie Fredericksburg bar, where he 
practised successlully. Prof, of the school of 
law in the U. of Va. in 1826-30; assoc. justice 
of the General Court in 1830-57. Author of 
a " Digest of the Law of Real Property," 
18-19, and " Law of Executors and Adminis- 
trators," 1841, 2d. ed., 2 vols. 1856, greatly im- 
proved. 

liOng, Armistead L., brig.-gen. C.S.A. 
of Ga. ; killed at the battle of Peach-treo 
Creek, Ga., Julv20, 1864 ; b. Va. 1826. West 
Point, 1850. 1st. lient. 2d. Art. 1354 ; A.H.C. 
to Gen. Sumner from May 20 to his resigna- 
tion, 10 June, 1861. 

Long, ICli, imij.-gen. U.S.A., b. Woodford 
Co., Ivy., 27 June, 1836. Grad. iMiiit. School, 
Frankfort, Ky., 1855. 2d. licut. 4th U.S. Cav. 
June 27, 1856; served against the Cheyennes 
in the summer of 1857, and against the Kio- 
was and Comanches in 1860; capt. May 24, 
1861 ; engaged at Tuscumbia Creek, Chaplin 
Hills; wounded at Stone River; col. 4th Ohio 
Cav.; com eav. brigade, and engaged at Mur- 
frecsboro, Tullahoma, Elk River, and Chicka- 
mauga: pursuit of the Confed. Gen. Wheeler, 
and wounded at Earinington ; com. in raid on 
Knoxvillc and Chatt. R.Il., and action of 
Knoxville, Tenn ; in the Atlanta campaign ; 
at defeat of Wheeler ami Roddy; wounded in 
rcconnoissanoe oti Dalton ; and in raid on 
Lovyoy's Station ; brig.-gen. U.S. vols. Aug. 
1864; couL 2d. division cavalry corps, and 
wounded at capture of Selina, Ala., for which 
brev. brig, and inaj. gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865. 
Retired 16 Aug. 1867 (maj.-gen. U.^.A.), tor 
disability from wounds. — Henri/. 

Long, Gaurill, maj. Revol. army, b. 
1751; d. Culpcpcr Co., Va., 3 Feb. 1827. 
He fought at Hampton and Norfolk in 1775; 
capt. in Morgan's Rifle Rcgt. in 1776; led the 
advance at Saratoga, and began the battle 
there; was also at Yorktown; and was in 18 
engagements of the war. 

Long, John Collins, commodore U.S.N., 
b. Portsmouth, N.H., 1795; d. N. Conway, 
N.H., Sc])!. 2, 1865. Midshipm. 1812 ; served 
in " The Constitution " in her action with the 
British frigate "Java;" lient. JIar. 5, 1817; 
com. Feb. 25, 1838; post-capt. Mar. 6, 1849; 
commo. retired list, July 16, 1862; circumnavi- 
gated the globe while a commander in the 
navy; cohl the frigate "Saranae" in the 
Mediterranean ; and conveyed Kossuth to 
America. In 1858 sailed in the flag-ship 
'■ Jleri imack " for the Pacific. 

Long, Col. Nicholas, Revol. officer ; d. 
near W.ishington, IJ.C, 22 Aug. 1819, a. 55. 
He was active and merit, officer of dragoons 
in the Va. and N.C. lines of the army, aud 
col. 4;id. U.S. Inf. in the war of 1812-15. 

Long, PiERSK, Revol. off, b. Portsmouth, 
N.H., 17.J9; d. there Apr. 3, 1789. Pierse 
Ilia taihir, a native of Limerick, Ireland, was 
a luerchiMit of I'ort.-mouth (1730-40). His 
sou was a sliipping-iueivhuut, a delegate to 



roN- 



3G0 



LOX 



the prov. CuiiKress in 1775, col. Ist N.H. 
r«;;t. 1776. In (he retreal from TicoiidiTogn, 
hill cum. wiii uvcrtukcn by the 9tli British 
Tvgt., which he ihTcated ; a» n vol. he served at 
the surrender of Burgoync , delegalc lo Con- 
gress 1784-6; Siaie councillor 1786-9; dele- 
gate to the Const. Conv. 1788, and was app. 
Iiv Washington coll. of I'drtsmouth early in 
r7S3. 

Long, UoDEiiT Cart, d. New Voik, 1849. 
Author of ■' Ancient Architecture of Aiiicri- 
cn," 8vo, 1849. He contrib. essavs, entitled 
"Architectonics," to the .V. 1' Lit. ii'orlil, and a 
pu|H-r on Aztec Architecture to the N. Y. Hist. 
boc. Trans. — Allibune. 

LODg, STbi-iiEN Harrim.vn, coI., chief 
of lopog. en;;s. U.S.A., b. ilopkinton, N.Il., 
30 Dec. 1784; d. Alton, 111.. 4 Sept. 1864. 
Dart. Coll. 1809. Entering the eng. corps li 
Dec. 1814, he was assist, pmf. of lualh. at 
West Point, Mor. 1815 to Mar. 1816; had 
charge of explorations between the Mpi. and 
the Kocky iMoniitains 1S18--J3, and of the 
sources ol' iho M|.i. 182.3-4; survey of Bait, 
and Ohio Hailioad 1827-30; iinprovenient 
of Western rivers and Lake harbors at diflercnt 
times ; brev. lieut.-col. top. engs. 29 Apr. 
1826; miij. 7 July, 1833; col. 9 Sept. 1861 ; 
and col. corps of engs. 3 Mar. 1863 ; retired I 
June, 1863. An account of his first cxjicil. to 
the Kocky Mts. (of which one of the highest 
was named lioiu liiin " Long's Peak "), by JCd- 
win Jainc.4, was pub. 1823 ; anil an account of 
his second ex|)eti., by W. H. Keating, in 1824. 
His "Railroad Manual," 1829, was the first 
original treati.sc of the kind pub. in America. 
Menilicrof Aiiicr. Philos. Soc. 

liOngacre, JA.Mts Bauto.v, engraver, b. 
Del. Co., Pa., 11 Aug. 1794 ; d. Pliila. Jan. 1, 
1869. Descended from an early Swedish set- 
tler upon4hc banks of the Delatvare, the fami- 
ly name having been orii;inally I^jngker. Ho 
served his apprenticeship as hist, and port, en- 
graver with Murray of Phila., and from 1319 
to 1831 was employed in illustrating some of 
the liest works then issuing Iroin the Amer. 
press. In conjunction with James Herring of 
N.V., he began the pub. of the "National 
Port. Gallery of Disiing. Americans," 4 vols. 
8vo, 18;i4-9, which he afterward continued 
alone. Many of the portraits in the work are 
from Mr. L's. drawings trum life, and are ad- 
iniralily executed. During the last 25 years 
of his "life (1844-69) he was engraver to the 
U.S. Mint. The new coins struck during that 
period — thodoublueagle, the three-dolhir-pii'CC, 
the gold dollar, &c. — were made by him from 
his own designs. One of the latest uckiiowl- 
cdgnienls of his success in this dcpl. was a 
Cummiss. from the govt, of Chili to superin- 
tend the reiiioilelling of the entire coinage of 
that country, — a work completed a year or 
two Ufore his death. 

liOngfeUoW, Eiisest W., portrait, genre, 
and land^ca|>c paint'T of Boston, s<m of the 
[wel L<>nj;lillovv, b. Cambridge, 23 Xov. 1845. 
Canib. Siiiut. School, 186.'). Studi.d at Palis 
during the uiatcr of 1865-6, visitixl It;.ly, and 
returned home in the fall of 1866. After a 
second absence of 18 months in 1868-9, he n- 
turUi-d ii^;uu fiviil Euixjpo with many skeicbes, 



and si'veral ropier m.ide in the Louvre. Ho if 
an artist of much iiroinisi'. 

LongieUow.HK.NHv WAD8%voBTn,LL.D. 
(II. U. l!<.')9), jioi-t, b. Portland, .Me., Feb. 27, 
1807. Bowd. Coll. 1825. Son of Hon. Suphen. 
At an early age he produced the " Hymn of tho 
Moravian Nuns," " Th'> Spirit of Poetry," 
" Woods in Winter," nnd " Sunrisi.' on the 
Uiils." After .stuilying law in bis father's otRoe, 
he liccainc prof, ot' modem languagi« and lit- 
erat|ire at Bowd. Coll.; s|>i nt 4 years (182C-30I 
in France, Si>ain, Italy, and Uennany ; and 
was in 1835-54 prof, of mod' m languages and 
bi-lles-lettres at ll. U. He made a second Eu- 
ro|K-aD tour in 1835-6. Shortly after connect- 
ing himself with Har>°ard, he took quarters 
in the old Cr.iigie House, the Wa.sliington head- 
quarters, which h" has since purchased. In 
his coiitrihuiiiin.s to the .V. .1. AViku-, in hia 
translation of the "Cu/iiai tie Miuiritjue " (1833). 
and in his "Outre-Mer" (1835), hecndeavjtvd 
to cultivate a ta.ste here lor Luropt-an litera- 
ture. He pub. " Hy))! rion," an exquisite pro*e 
ruinanee, and " Voices of the Night," in 1839; 
"Ballads and other Poiin.>i," 1841; "Poems 
on Slaverv," 1842; "The Spanish Student," 
1843; "I*oci3 and Pociry of Eurupi," 1845; 
"The Belfry of Bniges," 1846; "Evtmgpline," 
1847; "Ka'vanagh, a novel, 1849; "Seaside 
and Fireside," 1850; "TheColdin I>egeud," 
1851 ; "The Song of Hiawatha," his most po|>- 
ular work, 1855; "The Couriship of ililea 
Siandish," 1853; "Tabs of a Wavside Inn," 
186.); "FlowxT dc Luce," 1866; and "New- 
England Tragedies," 1868. Many of his other 
poems are seatu ix'd through numerous ]M;rio<li- 
cals. " As a translator, n^' has sueceeiled ad- 
mirably in prescrv lug the spirit of the originajj, 
and as a poet he apjxiils to the universal alKo 
tions of humaniiy by thoughts and images ile- 
rived from original p< r. eptioiis ol nature and 
life." His works have jia-^ed lhrou,;h many 
editions, lioth in this country and in Eng. He 
has been a frequent conirib. of occiuioiul poe- 
try to the AlhiiJic Month':!. His tr.iiiLlation of 
Dante (3 vols. 1867-70) is remarkable lor fidel- 
ity to the original. No |Kiet of the U.S. is so 
popular and well known in Eng. Mr. 
Longfellow's second wile was burned to death 
in 1861. His son Esxtsr Wai>s\vuktu i^ an 
artist in Boston. 

Longfellow, litv. Samill, poci, bro of 
l\.\\., ll. Portland, June 18, 1819. H.U. 
1839. Old. at Fa. I Uiver. Ms., Feb. 16. 1848, 
alterwnrd settled at Brooklyn. N.Y. Pub., in 
conjunction ui:h Hev. Suiiiuel Johnson, 
" ifyiniis of ibe Spirit," a lieauiiful vol. of sa- 
cred [KK'try, and. witliT W. Iliggiiisoii," Thft- 
Iilta, a Hook lor the Seaside, 1 21110, 1853; 
also niiilior of " A Hook ol Hymns." 

LongfeUow, Stephen,' LL.D. (Bowd. 
Coll. 1828), lawv r and |ioliticiun, b. Gorhain, 
Me., 23 June, 1*775 ; d. Aug. 2, 1849. H. U. 
1798. His an.-estor Win. of Ncwl.ury , b. Hamp- 
shire, Eng., 1651, in. Ann Sewall in 1676, and 
w»is drowned at Anticosii 1690. He m. Zilpah 
Wadfworth a ilesc. of John .\ldrn the Pilgrim. 
Adin. to the lur in 1801 ; practised with suc- 
cess in Portland; delegate to the ilarrford Conv. 
in 1814 ; M.C. 1823-5; pre of the Mc. Hist. 
Soc. ill 1831 ; having; previously been 



LO>J" 



561 



LOO 



its KKordnp: Secretary. Father of H. W. 
the [)Oit, and of llev. Samuel. 

ljOngStreet,AuGL3Ti'3 Baldwin, LL.D. 
(Y.C. 1841 ), eJuvalor anJaulIior, son of Win., 
I). Aut,'usta, Ga., Sept. 2:i, I7yO; d. Oxlbid, 
Mlji., 9 Sept. 1870. Y.C. ISM. He studied 
law at Litehlield, C;. ; was adin. to practise 
1815; rejiresinted Greene Co., Ga., in the legisl. 
in 1821 ; in 1822 was made judge of the Supe- 
rior Court of Ockmulgee eireuil. Declining re- 
election to the bench, he returned to the bar, 
and beeamc especially distin^. in criminal eases. 
An ardent State-riyiits man, his "Boh Short" 
articles exerted great influence in nullification 
times; and he established at that time the Au- 
gusta Si'iitinel. In 1S3S h.' enter, d on the min- 
istry of the M. E. Church, and in 18.39 con- 
tinued his minislrationb in Augusta during a 
terrilile epidemic I'res. of E.iiory Coll. in 1 839- 
43; of Centenary C> 1., La., for a short time; 
of ilpi. U. until lo5G; and suLsequcntly of 
S.C. Coll. A frequent conti ib. to n. wspapers, 
magazines, and revi.vs. Among his best ef- 
forts are his Inaug. at Emory Coll., his Bacca- 
laureate at S.C. Coll. (18.''k*), and a sermon on 
Infidelity. He also p.ib. "Letters to Clergy- 
men of the Northern Meth. Church " on sla- 
very; speech in the convention at Louisnllc, 
Ky., for organising tlie South, ileth. Church; 
" Letters from Ga. to Ms. ; " and an able review 
of the decision of th ■ Supremo Court in the 
case of ilcCiillough i:i. the State of ild. As a 
humorous writer, he is also disting. for his 
" Georgia Scenes," and " JIastcr Wm. Jlitte'U," 
a novel; and has cotiirili. to the MwjiioUa Mag- 
azinr, the Soitthern IJt. M(SS'iifjfrf the Meth, 
Qmrterli), and the KinLt eitth ('eutarij. 

LongstZ'eet, Gen-. J.^mes, b. Ala. 1820. 
West Point, 1842. Entering the 4th Inf., he 
became 1st lieut. 8th Inf. 23 Feb. 1847; was 
adj. in 1847-9; brev. ca))t. for Contreras and 
Chur busco 20 Aug. 1347, and mnjor lor Mo- 
lino del Hey 8 Sept. ; and was dLsting. and se- 
verely wounded at Chapulte; cc ; capt. 7 Dec. 
1G52; paym. (rank of m.-ijor) 19 July, 1858; 
and resigned 1 June, 1861. Made b-.ig.-gcn. 
Confed. army I Oct. 1861, having previously 
com the 4th brigade of Beauregard's 1st corps 
at Bull Run 21 July; made maj.-gen 17 June, 
1802; lieut.-gen. 8 May, 1364; and was dis- 
ting. in a!l of Lee's campaigns. He was in the 
bat.l'.s of the Peninsular campaign and that 
agiiinst Pope ; com. the right wing at Anlie- 
tam, and the left at Frcderi ksliurg, 13 Dec. 
ISC2 ; com. the 1st corps at ChanceJlorsville, at 
Gettysburg, at Chiekamauga, 1 9-20 Sept. 1 863 ; 
in tiie exped. against Knoxville in Nov. 18C3; 
rejoined Lee in Mar. 1864 ; dialing, and dan- 
gerously wounded in the battles of the Wilder- 
ness, 6 May, 1 864 ; went to the aid of Early in 
the Shenandoah Valley ; participated in the 
battles and operations of Lee's army in Va. in 
1864-5; and surrendered with Lee in April, 
1865. He was regarded as Leo's right hand, 
and was called by the soldiers " Uncle Peter." 

Longstreet, Willi.v.m, inventor, b. N. J. 
ab. 1760; d. Ga. 1814. He removed to Ga.; 
and ab. 1790 constructed a small model steam- 
boat which made 5 miles per hour against the 
stream on the Savannah River. He next in- 
vented the "breast roller," moved by horse- 



power, entirely superseding the former method 
of giiming cotton, two of which he set up in 
Augusta, which were propelled by steam, and 
worked admirably. Tliey were, however, soon 
destroyed by lire. He next erected steam-iiiills 
near St. Jlary's, Ga., which were destroyed by 
the British in an invasion in the «ar of 1812. 
These disasters impoverished and disrouraged 
him, but did not di'stroy his belief that steam 
would soon supersede all other motive-powers. 
Longueuil (deh-lon'-gul), P.iuL Joseph 
DE, b. Cau.ida; d. Tours, France, May 12, 
1778. Son of Charles Le Moine, and l>ro. of 
Charles, second baron of Longueuil. Capt. in 
the troops of the marine ; com. of Detroit 
1747; lieiit.-gov. of Three Rivers, and subse- 
quently of Quebec. He m. in Canada after 
1763; and fought against the Americans in 
\"b. — 0'Calh(ihan. 

LongWOrtifl, Nichol.^s, wine manufac- 
turer, I.. Newaik, X. J., Jan. 16, 1782; d. Cin- 
cinnati, Feb. 10, 1803. In his youth he was a 
clerk in the store of an elder bro. in S.C. At 
the age of 21 he migrated to Cincinnati, then 
just settled ; studieil law under Jacob Burnet, 
and, foreseeing the future growth of the place, 
out of his professional earnings punhased con- 
siderable tracts of land, long since covered by 
the lapidly-increasing city. Retiring alter 25 
years' practice from the bar, he devoted him- 
self to the culture of the grape, wiih a view to 
wine manuf., but was unsuccessful until he 
tried the species indigenous to our soil. His 
Catawba and Isabella wines attained a high 
market-value. He had 200 acres of vineyards. 
He was also favorably known as a borticultiiiist 
by his cx[)eriment.-, on the sexual character of 
the strawberry. He was kindly, but eccentric, 
giving much to those whom lie called " The 
Devil's Poor," — the vagabonds and estrays of 
social life. At bis death, his pioperly w.is 
estimated at nearly 15 million dollars, lie pub. 
"Buchanan's Treatise on the Grape, with an 
Appendix on Sirawbcriy-Culture by N. L." 
8vo, 1852, rev. ed. 1856. 

liOoker, Otuxiel, acting gov. of 0. 1814, 
b. on L.I., N.Y., Oct. 4, 1757; d. Pale.-tine, 
I.I., 5 Apr. 1S45. He began life as a weaver's 
apprentice, but by bis own exertions obtained 
a liberal education ; served 5 years in tiie Rcvol. 
army, and in both branches of the legist, of 
N.Y. In 18U4 he removed to Haiuilton Co., 
0., and soon after was elected to the State 
senate, where he continued by rc-eleciion for 
many years. In 1814 he became gov. by virtue 
of his office as speaker of the senate, in place 
of Gov. K. J. Meigs ; seven vears assoe. judue 
C.C.P. 

Loomis, Elias, LL.D. (U. of X.Y. 1854), 
physicist, b. Toiland Co., Ct., An^'. 1811. Y (;. 
1830. Tutor there 1836-9. He was the first 
American who saw Halley's comet at its return 
in Aug. 1835. of which he pub. an account in 
thfi Jour, of Science. After a visit to Europe 
in 1836-7, he became prof of nat. philos. in 
the W. Reserve Coll., 0.; from 1844 to 1859 
held the same chair in the U. of N.Y. ; and 
succeeded Prof. Olmsiead in the same chair at 
Y C. 1800, which he now holds. Between 1^45 
and 1849 he was employed, undert'iedireeiion 
of the supt. of the coast-survey, in determining 



LOO 



562 



the iliflf'crvni'c of longilnilc ln'iwecn NY. ami 
oiIht ( iiiis liv ini'iins of the electric tek'^miih. 
The viliKriiy i)f ilie elc<'iric current was thus 
(ir^t deterniinvil. He hiis pub. Elements of 
Algi'bra, of Ueoniclry and Conic Sections, 
of Annluieiil (Jeoinctrv, and of nifTercnliiii 
»nil Iiiie;;riil C'liltulus, " Trigonoiiietrv nnd 
Tiihles," •' Iniroilncilon to rriiciicnl Astron- 
omy," " Ueeeiit Pros:res9 of Astrunoray," 'a 
treatise on MeteoroloBV, on Arithmetic, and 
" Elements of Natural Philosophy." lie has 
contrib. n lar(;c numlKTof papers on aslronomy, 
magnetism, meteorolo^ry, &c., to the Trans. 
Amer. I'hilos. Soc and to the ./our. o/' Scfiicr ; 
one on storms to the Smillis. i'ontrihs. ; and 
astrun. papers to Gould's Aitron. .foiimal. and to 
thcTrans.of the Amer. Asso. for the Advance- 
mcnt of Science. His son FitASCis English, 
Ph. U. (ISGG). Y.C. 1864, is prof, of physics 
at Cornell II. University. 

IiOOmis, Glst.ivI's, brevet brie; -gen. 
US.A, h. Vt. West I'oinr, 1811. Lieut. of 
art. Mar. 1, 1811 ; capt. 7 Apr. 1819; maj. 2d 
Inf. July 17. 18.-13; lieut.-col.6th Inf. Sept. 22, 
1840; col. 5th Inf. Mar. 9. 1851 ; brev. hri-.- 
tren. Mar. 1.1, 1865; retired June I. 1863. At 
the capture of Ft. (.ieor^.'e. U.C ,27 Miiy, ISl.T; 
was captured at Fort Nia;;ara, 19 Occ. 1813 ; 
ami was at the battle of Okecihobee, Fla., 25 
Dir. 18.17. 0. Stratford, Ci.. 6 Mar. 1872. 

Zx>omis, Ukv..Iustix U., L.L.U., prof of 
chemistry and geology at I..cwisliurg U., I'a. ; 
pros, since 1859; b. benninglon, N.Y., I RIO. 
Author of •'Elements of Geology," 1852; 
"Anatomy and Physiology," 185.3. 

IjOpez, L)oN Francisco Solano, dictator 
of Para;;uav, li. .\suncioii, PKra;;nav, 24 .Inly, 
1831 ; killed in buttle, 1 Mar. 1870. " Educated 
in i;uro|io. .Minisiir to Fram-c l8.">.3-62, n^.;^>- 
tiaiingtrcatiesuiih Eng., France, and Sanlinia. 
Assumed the presidency oa the death of bis 
father Carlos Antonio, 10 Sept. 1862. He 
declared war against Bnuil in Ucc, 1864, and 
com. his army in person with varying success, 
prolon;;ing the comesi until his resources were 
cxhansted, and hisrountry mined. liisdefence 
of iluinaita was desperate and brilliant; and 
heiontesied the ground inch by inch against 
ovcnvhclming niiuilicrs. — See Waolibiirne'ii 
Parxi'iuiiij. 

XjOpeZ, Narciso, Cuban revolutionist, b. 
Venezuela, 1799; L-arrotted at Havana, Sept. 
20, 1851. Ills father conducted a commercial 
house at Caracis, a branch of which, at Va- 
lencia in the interior, wa.s placed under the 
char;,'e of Narciso. when quite young. During 
the trouMcs of 1814, be sided with the popular 
party, hut enlisted in the Spanish army, in 
which he was a col., in 1822. After the Spanish 
CTacunied Venezuela, I>oi<cz went to Cuba, 
where he established himself, soon making him- 
self conspicuous by hisadvocai'^ of liberal prin- 
ciples. I)uring the lirst Carlist troubles, ho 
was in Madrid on private busin>ss, and, joining 
the rovali>i party, was honored by the queen, 
but threw up his offices, including that of 
senator lor Seville, after the refusal of the Cortes 
to admit the repre-entatives of Cuba. On his 
ri'turn, he was employed by Gov -Gen. Valdes 
in various eapacities; also turned his attcn- 
tiuu to the exploration of copper mines. In 



1849 Ixipez came to the U.S., and or,;ani2ed 
the lone whii h made the attempt at an inviuiion 
known as the Uonnd Inland exped. In An:;. 
1851 be again lunde<l in Cuba ut IStthia Honda, 
but after u briel contest was captured aii'l exe- 
cuted. 

Loras, Mathias, 1) D., R.C. bish.p of 
Dubuque, coiisec. .July 28, 1837 ; d. Feb. 19, 
1859. 

IiOrd^ Bex-iamin. D D. (Y.C. 1774), min- 
ister of Nonvich, Ct., from Oct. 1717, to bis d. 
Mar .31,1784, a. 90. YC 1714 Tnior there 
1715-16. He pub. a Half-Century Di.'.courso 
Nov. 29, 1767. ami some kcrmons. — S/ir-h/ur. 

Lord, Daniel, LI, D (V C. I846(, an emi- 
nent lawyer of NY. Citv, h. Stonin;:ion, Cl., 
De\ 1794; d. N.Y. City, Munh 4. 1868. 
Y.C. 1814. He studied law at Litehlield ; was 
admitted to the bar in 1817 ; IwcHme thorough- 
ly versed in cominer' i.il law; and acqairetl a 
very large practice and great wealth. He »as 
employe<l in most of the cases involvin;; large 
moneyed interests for h p'-riod of 50 years. 

Lord, Lleazvr, LL.D. (U. ol N.Y. 1866). 
author and pliil.iiithn>pist. b. Franklin, Cl., 9 
Sept. 1788; d. Pierinont, N.Y.. 3 .lunc. 1871. 
Keci'iyed the hon. degree of A..M from Diiriin. 
in 1821, and from Wins. Cull, in 1827. Uulus, 
Thomas, and David N., w< ll-knowii men bants 
of X.Y., were his bros. He studied at Aado- 
vcr ; removed to N.Y. in I8ii9; pub. a pam- 
phlet which led to the formation ■>f llie Amer. 
and other etlncaiionnl societies ; entered the 
ministry in 1812, and. after 2 years of oi'casioii- 
al preaching, was com|K'lled l>y weakness of 
the eyes to abandon professional study. To- 
wartls tliccmlof 1815. Iieiooktheleal in Ibuiid- 
in:.' the NY. S.S. L'nioii Soc., of nbieli he was 
corresp. sec. in 1 SI 8-26, nnd pn's in 1826-36; 
also assisting in the formation of the Home and 
Foreiu'U Missionary, and other (diilanilinipic 
societies. In 1817-18 he was in Lur<i|K-, where 
he enjoyed the ncqiiaintancv of many <listiM|j, 
men. Alter his retiini, he en):a;.'ed in huiikliig 
in N. Y. City ; advmated the iiroteciioii of 
Amer. maiiiifactnrv-, and imliiceti Henry Clay 
to investigate the siiljei i more fully than ho 
had done, and to avow hinisef in op|iosition 
to free-trade. Founder of the Miiih itiaii Ins. 
Co., and its pris. in 1821-34; he intiiHluceJ 
iin|iortuiit changes in the whole system of in- 
surance. Prominent, also, in c^lablisbin;,' the 
Erie Kailroad, and its jires. fnim its ori;aniza- 
tion uniil 1845, niaiia^-ini: its alTairs wi;li siru- 
pu!ous liilelitv. In bis" Principles of I'urren- 
cy ami Hanking,' 1829, ,3d id. 18.35. he rcc 
o'mmeiuKd the s\ stem ailopted in 1838 in N.Y., 
nnd afterwani in sevcrnl other Stales, known 
as the " Irec-banking system." He also assist- 
ed in founding the ibeol. seminaries at Au- 
burn and at E. Windsor, and in establishing 
the L'. of NY., ol which he wo< for many 
years a trustee. HeiiiovinK to Pierinont in 
1836. he devoted himself to the ci>iii{>osition 
ol theol. works, among which arc. "iMology 
and Scriptural Cosmogony," 1843 ; " 'I'Uo 
Epoch of Creation," 1851 ; "The .\le««iuh in 
Moses and the Prophets," I8.'i3 ; "Siinliolic 
Pio)di«-y," 1854; " Plenary ln<p. of liie Holy 
Scriptures," 1857 ; " The ('lopheiie offii-e of 
Christ," 1858; "Analysis of the Book of 



LOR 



563 



LOS 



Isaiiih," 1861, &c. In 1661 he pub. a 
" Letter oil National Currency," addressed to 
the se,'. of the treas., rccommendini; the estah- 
li-hineiiiof a free-bankiiifi; system; ami in I8G5 
articles on the currency in llic Itilerual Rerenne 
AV(wi/f r. He edited Lempriere's " Biograpli- 
ical Dicti'inary," addiii>i selections f'rum 
Watkins, and some 800 original articles of 
Amer. bio^'., mostly prepared for tlie press by 
liis bro. David N., and pub. 2 vols. 8vo, N.Y., 
1825. He was an accomplished scholar, an 
upri;,'ht and liberal man, and a successful pro- 
jector of comprehensive schemes for the public 
good. 

Ijord, N,\.TH.\N, D.D., LL.D., clergyman, 
b. S. Berwick, Me., Nov. 28, 179.3; d. Hanover, 
N.H., Sept 9, 1870. Bowd. Coll. 1809; And. 
Thiol. Sem. 1815. Two years an assist, at 
Pliillips Exeter Acad.; ord. pastorof the Cong, 
church, Amherst, N.H., May 22, 181 G; and 
from Oct. 29, 1828, to July, l"863, was pres. of 
Dartm. Coll. Dr. Lord had a high reputation 
as a pulpit orator; in theology he was of the 
school of Edwards, Hopkins, and Bellamy, and 
inclined to a literal interpretation of the proph- 
ecies. As a college president he possessed the 
qualifications of superior scholarship, great ex- 
ecutive ability, remarkable Krraness of charac- 
ter and devotion to principle, unwearied appli- 
cation to labor, equanimity of temper, and a 
winning address. During his pres. 1,824 pu- 
pils vpere grad. He has contrib. to theol. re- 
views, and pub. numerous sermons, as well as 
essays on theol. and ethical topics ; among 
them are a " Letter to Rev. Daniel Dana, 
D.D., on Prof. Park's Theology of N. Eng.," 
18.'j2; Inaug. Address at Hanover, 29 Oct. 
1828; an essay on the "Millennium;" and 
two " Letters to Ministers of the Gospel of 
all Denominations on Slavery," 18.54-.'>, in 
which he endeavored to prove from the Bible 
the lawfulness of slavery. His views of slavery 
called forth severe criticism and bitter denun- 
ciation. He also edited (12mo, 1850) a selec- 
tion from the sermons of his son John- Kino, 
minister at Cincinnati, who d. there 13 July, 
1849, a. 30. 

Lord, WiLMAM W., rector of an Episc. 
church, Vieksburg, Mpi., b. Western N.Y. ab. 
1818. Author of poems, N.Y., I2mo, 1845; 
" Christ in Hades," an epic poem, 12mo, 1851 ; 
" Andre," a tragedy, N.Y. 1856. 

Loring, Charles Greelev, LL.D. (H.U. 
1850), lawver, b. Boston, May 2, 1794; d. 
Beverly, Oct. 8, 1867. H.U. 1812. Long a 
recognized leader of the Boston bar; actuary 
Ms. Hosp. Life Ins Co. from 1857 to his d. ; 
member Amer. Acad. Arts and Sciences, and 
of the Ms. Hist. Soc. He delivered the 4th 
of July oration before the town authorities of 
Boston in 1821, and an address, Feb. 26, 1845, 
before the Mercantile Library Association ; 
author of " Memoir of Hon. Wm. Sturgis," 
1864; and "Neutral Relations of Eng. and 
the U.S.," 1863. 

ZiOriag, Ei-i.is Gray, lawyer and philan- 
thropist; <l. Boston, .May 24, 1858, a. 52. He 
eaily cr)nnected himself with the antislavery 
movement, and disting. himself by his legal 
ability in the celebrated case of the slave-girl 
Med. in the Ms. Supreme Court. 



IiOring, Israel, author and clergvman, 
b. Hull, Apr. 6, 1682; d. March 9,'l772. 
H.U. 1701. Ord. pastor of the church in Sud- 
bury, Nov. 20, 1706. Mr. Loring wa.s one of 
the readiest writers of his day, and juib. a 
number of occasional sermons. He was an 
ardent temperance-reformer, and was often 
called out on great occasions. — N. E. H. and 
Gen. Ri-1., vii. 328. 

liOring, James Spear, b. Boston, 6 Aug. 
17911. Ke^i.ies in Brooklyn, N.Y. ; 30 years a 
bookseller in Boston ; and a contrib. of histor- 
ical and biographical articles to the " N. E. li. 
and G. Reg. ; " author of " The Hundred Bos- 
ton Orators," 8vo, Boston, 1852. James his 
father, 55 years a printer and bookseller of 
Boston, b. Hull, Ms., 22 July, 1770, d. 9 
July, 1850. He ed. the Clirisl. WaU-hman. and 
pub. the its. State Register 1800-48. His an- 
cestor Deacon Thomas came from Dover, 
Eng., to Hingham, 22 Dec. 1634. 

IiOring, JoSHCA, capt. Biitish navy, b. 
Ms.; d. Highgate, Eng., 1781. Made capt. 
R.\. Dec. 19, 1757; com. in the naval opera- 
tions on Lakes George and Champlain in 1759, 
and on Lake Ontario in 1760, iu which year he 
accomp. Amherst to Montreal. His son, 
Joshua, jun., npp. high sheritFof Ms. iu 1768, 
was afterward towninaj. ; left Boston with 
ihcBriti^h troopsin March, 1776. The estates, 
at Jamaica Plain, of Joshua Loring, manda- 
mus counsellor, were confiscated by the State 
of Ms. in 1779. Sir John Wentworth Loring, 
his son, was b. 13 Oct, 1775: another son, 
Henry Lloyd, d. archdeacon of Calcutta iu 1832. 
Joseph, son of Capt. Joshua, b. N.Y. 1744, 
commiss. of prisoners British army in Amer. 
1777-83, d. EnglcHeld, Eng., Aug. 1789. 

Loring, William W., gen. C.S.A., b. N.C. 
ab. 1815. App. lieui.com. adetachmentof vols, 
in Florida war (1835-42) ;capt. mounted rifles, 
May 27, 1846; maj. Feb. 16, 1847; com. his 
regt. in the battles in Mexico ; brev. lieut.-col. 
for battles of Coutreras and Churubusco, .\ug. 
20,1 847; brev.col. for battle of Chapultepec, Sept. 
13, 1847; severely wounded at assault on ])e 
Belen Gate, losing an arm; lieut.-col. Mar. 15, 
1848; col. Dec. 30, 1856; com. Gila exped., and 
disting. in conflict with MogoUan Indians, N. 
Mexico, -May 24, 1857; resigned May 13, 1861 ; 
app. a brig.-gen. Confed.army, and subsequently 
maj. -gen. In Sept. 1862 he com. the forces in 
Western Va., but was recalled a month later; 
com. a division of Johnston's army in the opera- 
tions around Yicksburg in 1863; and at the 
battle of Champion Hills com. the right of 
Pemberton's army ; afterward joined Bragg at 
Chattanooga. 

Lorlni, Virginia (Whiting), primadon- 
na, b. Boston ; d. Santiago de Cuba, Feb. 28, 
1865. Her father was a popular comedian, 
formerly of New York. She was m. to Sig. 
Lorini by whom she left several children. 

Losada (lo-^a' da), DiEGO,a Spani>h officer 
who concpiereil the native tribes of Venezuela, 
and touiuleil Santiago de Leon; d. 1569. 

Loskiel, Geokge Hexrt, a Moravian 
bishop, h. CcMirland, Nov. 7, 1740; d. Feb. 23, 
1814. Ord deacon May 22, 1 768; presb. Mar. 
19, 1775; bishop at Hernhutt, March 14, 1802. 
Iu 1802 be was sent to America as the supt. of 



LOS 



5G4 



LOV 



the Jfomrian churelics, «nil pastor of ilio church 
■I Uoihlchem. Aiiihori'l « " ilisioryot'the Mi»- 
eioii uf the Uiiilol lircihrvn iiiiioii^' ilio In<li.in4 
in N A ." Loud. I7U4, 8vo, ami ulso uf a dt'vu- 
tional iiiAiuml entitled " hlifus f'uerz llrrz." 

Lossing, IttN-iox Jou<<, author ami artist, 
b. Uivkiuuii, NY., t\l>. 12, Ifl.J. A.M. of 
Uain. coll. 18j6. Kdticitte<l at a dist. »t'hool, 
aud III ISi>6 n;i> ap|>n'ii[ict'd to a watchmaker 
in Pouchkeep-ie. sulxs«iiientlv hecomin;; a |Mirt- 
Dcr. l{elin(|iiishiiii:thi« business in iheaiiiuinn 
of iMi, he UrauK- Joint owner and editor of 
the Poaijhbyi's.e /Vwru/iA, and also |iuli the 
C'lisilw, <t seioi-niunihlv Journal, in Ii^'lG—tl. 
Ue next iitudie>l dr.iwiu); ; and in I !^')S settled 
in N.Y. City as an enj;iraver on wood, and at 
the same (inie editeil ami illnstniteil the Fumili/ 
Hii(faziif. He pub. *• An Outline Uistory 
of iho Fine Arts*' in 1941; " 1776." illns- 
irated, IS-iii; in 1848 "Lives of the Si;:ners; " 
and in 184S-9 eilited the )oum./ Pn>i>lf's Mir- 
ror. His "Pictorial Kield-Book of the Revo- 
lution" (l8J0-:i). 2 voU. 8vo. is a work of 
great value ; the author having visited and 
sketched ererr iin|iorian( battle-lield of the 
Revolution. Among his other works is an 
ilhmrated "Uistory of the U. S ." lS34-<>; 
"Our Countrymen, or Brief .Memoira of Krai- 
nent Americans," 1855-7; "Primary History 
of the U.S.," 1857 ;" Mount Vernon and its 
Associations," 1869; " Life and Times of Phi- 
lip S<-huyler," 3 v. lS6t>-2; •• Life of Wa-^hing- 
ton," 3 vols. 8vo ; " Lives of the Presidents of 
the U.S.;" "The New World;" "The Ohio 
Book;" "The Cenotaph," 1855; "Pictorial 
Field-Book of the War of 1812," 8vo. 1869; 
an ed. of" The Old Far u and the New Farm," 
bv llopkinson, with introd. notes and illusts. 
1857 ; " Historv of the l{cbi-llion."3 vols. 1866- 
8 ; " Vassar Co, I. ami its Founder," 1967. He 
has been a frtijuent coiiirili. lo the periixiical 
literature of llie dny ; has tunii>heil for IIw/ki's 
M<t jtizittr a series of illustraletl articles on 
American Bio;;niphy ; and a series of articles 
to the Lond. Ai-t .loHnuil, entitled " The Hud- 
son from the Wilderness lo the Sea," illustnit- 
ed with his own drawinj^. Jan. 1, 1872, Thr 
Amn-. llisl. Iteevrd, a monthly hist mafrazinc, 
to be edited by him is announced to appear. 
He rcsitles at I>over Plains, X. Y. 

IjOthrOp, SaMI^EI, KiRKLAND. U.U ( H. 

U. I85ii). I.. L'tica, NY.. Oct. 13, 1804. H.U. 
1925. Ord. Dover. N H., Fet>. 18, 1829; inst. 
pastor Br.uile-strc-i Church, Boston, June 18, 
1834. Author ol Life of Samuel Kirkland. in 
SjKirks's "Amcr. Biou'."2d ser. vol. 15 ; " Hist. 
Brattle-tl. Church." l2mo. Host. 1951 ; " Pro- 
ceeJinir* of an Eixl. Council," in the case of 
Rev. John Pier|>ont. 1841 ; and occos. sermons 
and addresses. 

IiOUdon, Joii>- Campdell. 4th carl, b. 
17t>5; d. 27 Apr. 1792. Succeeded his lather 
Hu^'h in Nov. 1731. In July, 1756. he arrived 
in Va. with the npp. of piv. and also a commiss. 
as com.-in-chicf of the British I'orcxs in Amer. 
Dinwiddle, however, tiwk eharj^ of Va. affairs ; 
and Loudon, who was inetfieicnt. returned to 
Ens. in 1757; was made licut.-gen. in 1758; 
gen. in 1770. 

IiOUtro, Locia JosBra db la, a Fr«nch 
missionary, sent to Caaada in 1737 br tba 



Society of Fori,'n Missions, and headed thi 
Acadiansand .Micinncs in an attack on .\iinap- 
olis in 1744. H'.- rv-idcd near .Messn-oucho, 
now Fort Lawn-nce, N..S. The En){li«!i otfcred 
a reward for hini in 1745. Kevisitiiit; France, 
he was intrusted with a Inri^i sum of roonej 
for the improvement of his mission ; and on hit 
return was app. viear-trni. of Ai adi.i. After 
ruiiiini; the neutral French by his unwi-e coun- 
sels, he ahamloned ihem in the hour of (heir dis- 
tress, fled in dia;;uise before the surremler of Fort 
Beaiisi'Jour, atitl, arriving; nt QucIk-c, was bit- 
terlv reproached by the bishop, and emb»ik<'<l 
forVrance, Aug. 1757. On the iia,via;;e he fell 
into the hands of (he British, ami was muflned 
8 years in the Island of Jersey. — O'l^ilhjKan. 

liOVejOy, K.LtJAK Pakisii, an antislaveiy 
oiitor, b. Albion. .M-., Nov. 9. 19t)2; murdered 
bv a mob at Alton. III., Nov. 7, 19.'>7. Water*, 
doll. 1826. D.iiiiel liis father was a Presb. 
preacher. Elijah, in 1927. establishetl a s<'liool 
in St. lAiuis, and in 1829 liecainu alitor of n 
political Journal, but in 18.12 studied ibi-ol. at 
Princeton. S.J. ; ord. by the Pliila. presb. \a 
1833 ; he be-jan to pub.'die .^. Luais (y.srrj;rr, 
ill which he attiickeil slavery ; and, in eonso- 
qiieiice, his othi-c was moblxHl ill Jtilv, I83G. 
Ke-estahlishing his paper at Alton, bis press 
was aiiain destruye«l in An;;. 18.17 ; he procured 
another, wlii.h was dcstroynl in Sept , aud a 
thiril, which Ixivejoy and his friends armed 
(heinselvcs (o del'oinl. Attacked by a mob on 
(he niyh( of Nov. 7, I>OTeJoy shot one of his 
assailants, and was himself siiot dead A Me- 
moir was pub. in New York in 18'*S by his 
bros., Jo.seph C. ami Owen, with an Introduc- 
tion by Jolin Quincy Adam.4. — .Str 1'u.ts nnd 
Pofliy of the We»l, for s|>eciiiien5 of hi> Verso. 

IiOVeJoy, OwuN, antislavcry oratiir nnd 

Siliiician, b. .Mbioii, .Me,, J in'. 6, 1811 ;d. 
riHiklyn, N.Y'., .March 25, 1864. He worked 
on his lather's farm until 18, and. after lo.iviiig 
BowJ Coll., einii;nite<l to Alton, LI., where bis 
bro. edited an aiilisl.ivery paiwr. He «a» 
present when Elijah was iiiunlered, anil from 
ihiK day devotcil himself to the overthrow of 
slavery. He soon alier enteriHl the ministry, 
and was pastor of a Cong, ehureh in Princeton, 
HI. (18.38-54). In spite of the law furbid.ling 
them, he held anti-hivery meetings at various 
points, aud was of.en arresti-d and fined. He 
was in the le^risl. in 1854, and MC. from 1856 
(ill his dcjuhr 

Lovelace, Col. Fr-vscis, gov. of N.Y. 
1668- Julv 30, 1673, sivond sou of Richard, 
Baron L 'of Hurley, Berks Co.. Eng. Col. L. 
administercil the govt, to the satisfaction of all. 
He was ae(ive in settling Ulster Co., where l.c 
laid out the (own of Hurlev. His gniud-on, 
(he 4(h lord L., d. gov. of N'.Y". May 12, 1709. 
— O'CtvUiihiiH. 

LoTOll-Cu arles S., brer. brig.-gen.U.S. A , 
b. .Ms ; d. Louisville, Kv., Jan. .3, 1971. 
Private 2d U.S. Art. Jan. 1931 ; 2d Tk nt. Cth 
Inf Oci. 13, 1937; cupt. June 18, 1946, and 
engaged at the battles of Chanibusco, Mobno 
del Key, Chapultcpec, and ci(y of .Mexico; 
roaj. loili Iiil'. .May 14. 1961 ; in 'the Peninsular 
campaign Mar. to June, 1862; c<ini. Iirii;.ide 
atliatdesof .Malrem Hill, Gaines's Mill, ss'<-ond 
Boll Run, ADlietmm, and Fredericksburg, earn- 



LOV 



565 



LOW 



inn brofets of liuiit.-col., col., and l>ri(,'.-pcn. 
U.S.A.; lieut.-ool. IStli Iiif. Jan. 21, 1863; 
col. Ucli Inf. Feh. 16, 1865 ; rtiiral Dec. 1870. 

Lovell, Jamks, patriot of iho Rcvol., b. 
Bosi., Oii..-)l, 17.'J7 ; d. Windham, Me., July 14, 
lsl4. H.U. 1756. Son of ".Master Lov'uU." 
U.shcr of the Latin School 1757-75, and was 
also master of the North Grammar, now the 
Eliot School. He delivered April 2, 1771, 
the oration before the town authoritios on the 
Bo-ston Massacre ; was imprisoned by Gage 
immediately after the battle of Hunker's Hill ; 
was conveyed to Halifax with the British army, 
and kept in close contineraent until exchanged 
for Gov. Skene in Nov. 1776. Member Con t. 
Congress Dec. 1776-82; receiver of taxes 1784- 
8; coll. of the port of Boston 1788-9; and 
naval officer 1790-1814. He pub. some tracts. 
His ^on Maj. James, b. July 9, 1758, d. St. 
Mathews, S.C, July 10, 1850 (H.U. 1776), 
was adj. in H. Jackson's Ms. rcgt. 1776-9; 
afterwards adj. of Lee's IjCgion ; and present in 
many battles of the Revol., from Lexington to 
Eutaw. — Loriiiifs Boston Orators. 

Lovell, John, .schoolmaster, b. Boston, 
June 16, 1710; d. Halilax 1778. H.U. 1728. 
He entered the Latin School 1717; became 
usher 1729; and was piincipal from 17.34 until 
Ai)r. 19, 1775, when the school was dispersed 
by the siege of the town. Being a zealous 
loyalist, he embarked with the British troops 
for Halifax, March 14, 1776. lie was an ex- 
cellent classical scholar, and, though a rigid 
disciplinarian, was a humorous and agreeable 
companion. He delivered the first pub. address 
ill Eaneuil Hall, Mar. 14, 174.'3, on the death of 
theilonor, dedicating it "to the interests of truth, 
ol justice, of loyalty, of honor, of liberty." His 
portrait, by Smil)Crt, is in the gallery of paint- 
iugsat H.U. He wrote some political, poetical, 
and theological pieces, and contrib. to the 
Plilanet Gratulutio, 1761. 

Lovell, Joseph, M.D., surgeon-pen. of the 
U.S.A., b. Boston, Dec. 22,1788; d. Washing- 
ton, D.C., Oct. 17, 18.36. H.U. 1807. Son of 
the patriot James Lovell. App. Apr. 1812, 
surgeon of the 9lh Inf., served on the Niagara 
frontier, and was there hospital surgeon. In 
Sept. 1818 he was placed at the head of the 
med. dept. of the service. Sept. 1817, he m. 
K. Manstield. 

Lovell, Mansfield, gen. C.S.A., son of 
the prccciJing, b. D.C. alKJut 1822. West 
Point, 1842. Entering the 4ih Art., he be- 
came 1st lieut. Feb. 16, 1847; served as aide 
to Gen. Quitman in the Mexican war ; was 
brev. capt. for gallantry at Cliapiiltepec, where 
he was wounded ; was wouniled again at the 
Belen Gate, ir.d resigned Dec. 18, 1854, with 
his friend G. W. Smlrb (afterward a Confed. 
gen.), in order to join Gen. i^i-lr^'au's projected 
Cuban exped. Smith and Lovell, who were 
to have held important cominanils in the Cuban 
army, were employed, aft r the lailurc of that 
project, in connection with Messrs. Cooperand 
Hewitt's iron-works, Trenton. N J. In 1858 
Smith wa.s made sti eel-commissioner of New 
York, and Xyovdl l>ccuine his deputy. Uc 
was ni the same lime captain of an art. com- 
pany known as the City Guard. Early in 1861 
be was mode a brig.-gen., then a maj.-jjen.; 



Oct. 9, 1861, was given the com. at New Or- 
leans, where he remained until driven out by 
the Union forces under Admiral Farragut and 
Gen. Butler in the following April ; in May, 
1862, he joineil Beauregard at Corinth; suc- 
ceeded to the com. of I'olk's Corps, 14 June, 
and repulsed Sherman at Kencsaw 27 June, 
1864. 

Lovewell, Capt. John, b. Dunstable, 
N.H. ; d. May 8, 1725. Son of John, an 
ensign in Cromwell's army, who d. in Dun- 
stable, aged 120. John, at the head of a com- 
pany of vols., led several successful expeds. 
against the Indians in 1724-5, but May 8, 
1725, encountered a party of them under the 
celebrated Paugus, and was killed at the first 
fire. A long and mournful ballad commemo- 
rates this event. His bro. Zaccheus, col. of a 
N.H. rcgt. in the French war (1758-6.3), b. 24 
July, 1701, d. 12 Apr. 1772. —.See Ej-jieds. 
of fa ft. L, ril. ly F. Kiildf-r, 1865. 

Low, Isaac, merchant of New York; d. 
Eng. 1791. At first a prominent Whig, but 
afterwards a loyalist refugee ; was a member 
of the first Cont. Congress; an active mem- 
ber of the com. of corrcsp. ; mcmlx-r of the 
N.Y. Prov. Congress of 1775, but was arrested 
in 1776 on suspicion of holding corresp. with 
the enemy. In 1782 he was prcs. of the N.Y. 
Chamberof Commerce. He was attainted, his 
properly was confi.scated, anil he went to Eng. 
llis son Isaac became a commiss. gen. in the 
British army. — Saliinr-. 

Lowe, Col. Joun Williasisox, b. New 
Brun=wicl;, N. J., Nov. 15, 1809; killed at 
Carnifex Ferry, Va., Sept. 10, 1861. During 
the Mexican war he com. the 4th Ohio regt. 
When the civil war began he was practising 
law at Xcnia, O., Imt took coin, of the 12ih 
(). regt , and in Cox's brigade operated on the 
Kanawha River, lighting the battle which 
cleared the Kanawha Valley of Confed. sol- 
diers. 

Low, Sa.mdel, poet, b. Dec. 12, 1765. 
Pub. at Now York, in 1800, 2 vols, of poems, 
containing an ode and other verses on Wash- 
ington, patriotic and social pieces, and a de- 
sciijitive poem of some length on winter. — 

Uuiichinrl: 

Lowell, Mrs. Anna C, b. Boston. Has 
pull. " Theory of Teaching," 1841 ; " Edward's 
First Lessons in Grammar," 184.3; " Gleanings 
from (he Foots," 184.3; " Edward's First Les- 
sons in Geometry," 1844 ; " Olympic Gaines," 
1845; " Outlines' of Astronomy," 1850; "Let- 
ters to Madame Pulksky," 18"52; " Thoughts 
on the Education of Girls," 18.53; "Seed- 
Grain for Thought and Discussion," 2 vols., 
1856. 

Lowell, Charles. D.D. (HU. 1823), 
clergyman, son of Judge John, b. Boston, 
Aug.' 15. 1782; d. Camliridgc, Jan. 20, 1861. 
H.U. ISOO. His ancestor, I'crcivul of Bristol, 
Eng., settled in Newbury, Ms., in 1639, d. 
there 1665. Hit, early education was received 
at Medford and at Andover Acad. He began 
to study law in Boston, but soon turned his 
attention to theology. In 1802 he visited 
Euro|)e ; studied two years at Edinburgh, and 
returned to the U.S. in 1805. Jan. 1, 1806, ha 
was settled as minister of the West (Cong.) 



LOW 



566 



LO"W 



rhunh in Biiston, where he continiird till In's 
death. In IMT-W he trurcllvil I'xii-nsively 
in r.Mr<i|K' and the Kiist. Ilu puh. 2 vols, of 
serniijh> (IVisioii, IS55), h<-.sii|es nmny occa- 
sional ili^coHiNcs. Fttthcr of J. K. and K. T. 

S. I-I.W.'ll. 

XiOWell, Brig. Cks. CnARLEg Klssell, 
h. Uo>inii, Jan. 2. lAi.'i ; il. near Middlitown, 
Vn , Oct. 20, I.'5C4. of wounds in the hatllc of 
Cedar Ock. H.U. I8.'i4. Grandson of Rev. 
Ch^rU'S. Ill' was ernpluved soiiie time in steel 
and iron works, and un the Burliiiiiton and 
Mo. Kiver Railroad, and in the spring of 1861 
wast superiniciidin;^ iron-wmka in the CuinU'r- 
land Val'ev, JI<I. Wluii the Kchellion broke 
out, he wasone of the tirst to offer his services. 
Cnpt. 6th Cav. May 14, 1861 ; served on the 
statr of Gen. McCl'eJIan, until in Nov. 1862, 
he organized the 2d Ms. Cav., and was made 
its col. Apr. 15, 186.3. He saw mneli service 
in Va., much of the lime having n brifrade of 
cav. under him ; and was actively engaged in 
pursuing Mosby's Guerillas. Made brig. gen. 
Oct. 19, 1864, on Gen. Sheridan's nxonimen- 
dation, for services in the Shenandoah Valley. 
He was a man of much culture and soldierly 
capacity. J.4Mes Jacksox, a younger bro., 
d. near Richmond, -Va , Julv 4, 1862, of a 
wound at Glcndalc. H.U. ISJS. 

IiOWell, Fit.vNCis C.VBOT, merchant, son 
of Juil;.'(: John, h. Ncwburyport, Apr. 7, 1775 ; 
d. Boston, Aug. 10, 1817. II. U. 179.3. In- 
fluential in introducing the cotloii maniif. into 
the U.S., by the establishment at Waliham, 
Ms., and by procuring the protective clause in 
the tariff act. The citv of Lowell was named 
forliim. 

Lowell, James Russeli., poet, son of 
Rev. Charl.s, b. Cambridge, Ms., Feb. 22, 
1819. II U. 18,38; Canih. I,aw School, 1840. 
Adm. to the bar in 1S40, and opem d an of- 
fice in Bo>ion, but soon devoted himself en- 
tirely to literature. In 1841 he pub. a vol. of 
poems enlitlfd " A Year's Lite." In 184.3. in 
conjnnclinn with Robert Carter, he nub. 3 nos. 
of riie Pioiiei-r, a literary an<l critical maga- 
zine, lie pub. another vol of " I'ocms " in 
1844 ; in 1845 a vol. of prose entitled " Con- 
versations on some of the Old I*oet> :" a sec- 
ond series of his poems in 1848 obtained great 
popularity among the opponents of slavcrv. 
He also pub. in 1848 "The Vision of S'ir 
Launfal," a poem, and " The Biglow I'a|,crs," 
a witty and btiinorous political satire. In 
1848 also appeared anonymously " A Fable 
for Criiii'S," an ingenious rhymed essay ujion 
the principal living American anibius. Be- 
tween July, 1851, and Dec. 1852, Mr. Low- 
ell was travelling in Kuropc. In the winter of 
181)4-5 he delivered at the Lowell Institute a 
coiir,se of lectures on the' British Poets. After 
a year, chiefly passed in siudy at Divsden. he 
returned home in Aug 1853, and succeeilcd Mr. 
Longfellow as prof, of modern languriges ami 
bfllesletlris at \\X. Mr. Lowell has written 
much for the .V..1. /,'irUir, Piilmvu's Mnnlhly, 
the London llnih) Si us. the Nnlimiat Aiiti- 
llnreri/ Slnmlard, and other periodicals ; and in 
18.>7-^62 edited the Allaiilir Monthly. Several 
editions ol his poems have appe.ind in Kng. 
lie has also pub. "Fireside Travels," 1864; 



a new series of " The Biglow Papers ; " and in 
1863, in connection with Charles E. Norton, 
undertook the editorship of the .V. Ainer. lie- 
view. " The Cathedral. ' a poem, Biiiiearcd in 
the Atlantic in 1869; " Under the Willows and 
Other Poems," 1S69; and in 1870 " Ainonif 
my Books ; " and " My Study Windows." Hi> 
wife, Makia (White), poetess, b. Watertown, 
Ms., July 8, 1821, d. Cambridge, Oct. 27, 
1853. A vol. ol her poems was privateljr 
printed in f Cambridge, 1855. 

Lowell, Joiis, LL 1). (H.U. 1792), jurist 
and statesman, b. Nuwburv, Ms., June 17, 
1743; d. Rtixbury, Ms., May 6, 1802. H.U. 
1760. Son of Rev. John, minister of Xew- 
biiry|H>rt in 1726-67. Adm. to the bar in 
1762, he soon became eminent, and removed to 
Boston in 1777. In 1776 lie wiis a member of 
the legist, and an officer of militia; member 
of the Icgisl. from Boston in 1778; delegiilc 
to the Stiitc Const. Conv. in 1780 ; member of 
the Old Congress 1782-3; a commits, to 
establish the boundary-line between Ms. anil 
X.V. in 1784 ; judge of the Court of Appeals 
in 178.3-9; of the U..'^ Disi. Court, for Ms. in 
1789-1801 ; and in 1801 chief justice of the 
Circuit Court for Me., N.H., Ms., and R I. ; 
mcmlwrof the com. hy which the constitution 
of Ms. was draughted, and inserted in the 
" Bill of Rights " the clause declaring that 
"all men are born free ami equal," for the 
avowed purpose of abolishing slavery in Ms. 
At the bar be was the formidable rival and fre- 
quiul competitor of Tlieophilus Parsons. He 
was nciive in establishing the Aeail. of Arts 
aiul Sciences, liclbre which he <leliveivil an ora- 
tion on the death of I'res. Bowdoin, .Ian. 26, 
1795, prefixed to the 2d vol. of its Memoirs. 
Author of an Engli.sh poem (no. 3) in the I'if- 
tax tt dniltilulio, 1761. Some of his Letters 
are in the //is/. Maq , vol. i. 

Lowell, John,' LL.I). (H.U. 1814), law- 
ver and author, b. Newburvpori, Ms., 6 Oct. 
1769; d. Boston, 12 Mar. 1840. \\.\j. 1 7S6. 
Son of Jud;,'C John. Adm. to the bar in 1789, 
nn<l practised successfully until 1803, when ho 
visited Europe. After his return he wrote, 
uniler a variety of signatures, upim politics, 
agriculture, theology, and other topics for the 
press, and jiub. some 25 pamphlets. He at- 
tacked with great severity the 8up|H>rters of 
the war of 1812, and exerted n great influence 
upon public opinion in Ms , but would never 
lake office; a founder of the Ms. Gen. Hos- 
pital, the Boston Athena:um, the Savings 
Bank, and the Hospital Lifelnsunince Co., 
and many years ores, of the .Ms Agric. Soc. 
He |K)Sscssed, said Mr. Even-It. " colloquial 
powers of the highest order," and wieliled "an 
accurate, elegant, and logical |ii'ii." 

Lowell, John, Jan., founder of the I-ow- 
ell Instil nie at Bosioii, b. there May II. 1799; 
d Bombay, March 4, 18.36. Scm of Francis 
Cab,it. Educiited at the High School ol Kdiu- 
biir^h, and at H.U. until in 1815 hi- poor 
health ronipelleil him to make a tour abroad. 
He spent a few years in commenial pursuits; 
but ill 18.31. haviiii: iuherili'd a lortiiiic, ho 
was able to indulge his strong passion lor trav- 
elling. He was a su|>erior sciiol ir, and [los- 
scssed one of the Ust private libraiies in Aiucr- 



LOAV 



567 



X.TJC 



iea. Tic bequeathed ab. $250,000 to main- 
tiiin forever in his native city aniuiiil courses 
of free Ic ctures on natural an I revealed re- 
!i;:lon, pliysics and chemistry, with their ap- 
plication t) the arts, botany, zuolo(;y, ^'coloiy, 
and mineralosy, philolo}:y, literature, and elo- 
quence. This establishment, "The Lowell 
Institute," went into operation in the winter 
of 1 8311-40. 

Lowell, Robert Traill Spence, D.l). 
(Un Cull. 1864), author, son of Rev. Charles, 
b. Boston, Oct. 9, IS16. II.U. 18.33. His 
carlv education was received at Round llill 
Sdiool, Northampton. In 1*42 he was ord. a 
cler-vman of the CImreh of En-. Iiy the bishop 
of Newfoundland and Derranda, to whom he 
was cha|ilain, first at Bermuda, and tlien at 
Newfoundland, where he was for some years 
rector of Bay Roberts. He was afterward rec- 
tor of Cln-ist Church. Newai k, N.J. ; was suh.se- 
Quemlv settled in Duaneshurir, N.I .. and is 
now 1871) head master of St. Mark's School, 
Southt.orou-h, Ms. In 1858 he puh. at Bos- 
ton a novel I'f Newfoundland life and scenery, 
" I'hc New Priest in Conception Bay," a new 
ed. of which, illustrated by Darley, app. in 
186.3; and in 1860 " i'lesb Hearts _ that tailed 
3,000 Years a^o, and other Poems." 

' Lowndes, Rawlins, lawyer and states- 
man, h. 15riti^h W. Indies, 1722; d. Charles- 
ton, SO., Aug. 24, 1800, He was educated 
in Charlc'ston,''where bis parents settled when 
he was very voun;;. He practised law with 
great success ;' in 1766 was app. by the crown 
as,sociate judsje; in 1775 he was one of the 
com. of Siit'ety ; in 1776 be was one of a com. 
to drausht a constitution fur the province, and 
subsequently a member of the legislative coun- 
cil. Elected pres. of the province in 1778, he 
exerted himself eneri;etically in its defence, but 
was unable to prevent tliecaptureof Charleston, 
anil was himself for some time a prisoner. As 
a member of the S.C. Ic-isl. he strenuously 
opi.oscd the adoption of the Federal Constitu- 
tion, objecting to the restrictions which it im- 
posed upon the slave-trade, to the clause giving 
power to Congress to regulate conimeree, and 
to the centralization of power in the Federal 
Govt. He closed one of his speeches against 
it thus: "I wish no other epitaph than this, 
' Here lies one who opposed the Federal Con- 
stitution, holding it to be fatal to the liberties 
of bis rountrv.' " Thomas his son, M. C. 
1800-5, distin'g. for talent and eloquence in de- 
bate, b. Charleston, 1765, d. there July 8, 

Lowndes, William .Jones, LL.D. (Col. 
Coll 1822), sou of Rawlins, statesman, b. 
Ch.irleston. S.C, Feb. 7, 1782 ; d. at sea, Nov. 
27, 1822. From bis 7tli till his 10th year he 
was educated in Eng., completing his prepara- 
tory studies under Dr. Gallaher; he was grad. 
at Charleston Coll. ; studied law with Chancel- 
lor Ue Saussure, and was adni. to the bar in 
1804, liaving prcvlouslv in. Elizabeth, dau. of 
Gen.' Thomas Pinckney. He was in. the Gen- 
eral AsseinliU' of S.C. from 1806 to 1810, and 
was M.C. in' 1810-22. He co-operated with 
the Republican pariv of bis time; was a sup- 
porter of the war ot 1812; a fr.iiuent speaker 
upon subjects of importance ; and was chair- 



man of the com. of ways and means from 1818 
to 1822. , ^ 

Lowrey, George, Chernkee chief, b. on 
theTenu. River, ah. 1770; d. Oct. 20, 1852. 
He was one of the delegates who visited Wash- 
ington in 1791 and at the treaty of 1819; a 
member of the conv. which framed the consti 
tution of the nation in 1827, and was elected 
assist, principal cliief. He sustained various 
offices, ami was an honest man and a pure pa- 
triot. He wrote a tract on temperance in Cher 
okce.and assisted in translating the Scriptures. 
Lowrie.WALTER, statesman, b.Edinbur;;b, 
10 Dec. 1784 ; d. N.Y.City, 14 Dec. 1868. In 
1791 his parents settled in Armstrong Co., Pa. 
Walter acquired a good education ; for many 
years represented Butler Co. in the State le- 
gisl ■ was U.S. senator 1819-25; sec. U.S. 
senate 1825-36 ; and 32 years sec. Presb. 
Board of Foreign Missions. 

Lowrie, Rev. Walter Macon, b. Butler, 
Pa 18 Feb. 1819; d. Aug. 19, 1847. Jeff. 
Coll. 18.37. Son of Hon. Walter. He studied 
at Prineet. Tlieol. Sem ; was ord. 9 Nov. 1841, 
and sailed to China to join the Presb. Mission 
there Jan. 19, 1842. He labored successfully 
at Macao and at Ningpo. He was thrown into 
the sea bv pirates when ab. 12 miles' sail from 
Chapou, "in 1847. A Memoir by bis father was 
pub. N.Y. 8vo, 1849. He was author of " Let- 
ters to Sahb. School Children ; " " The Land 
of Siniin" PhiUi., 18mo, 1846; "Sermons 
preached in China," 8vo, 1851 ; " Missions in 
Tonjee and Feejee," 12mo, 1852. — Alhliofie. _ 
Loyaute, Anne Philippe Dieudonne 
DE, a French artillery officer, b. Metz, 1750; 
d. ab. 1830. He served under his father in the 
art. in Germany and in Corsica. A capt. in 
1776, he was sent with 50 field-pieces and 10,- 
000 r'nuskeis to the state of Va. ; remained in 
this country, and served throu;;h the war as 
insp. gen. of art. and fortifications in Va. He 
attained the rank of lieut -col., and served as 
en"iiieer under Steulien in the trenches ot 
Yorktown. During the revol. in France, he 
was a royalist, and suffered im])risoiiinent and 
exile, but was sufiered to remain in ob-curity 
after 'the restoration, and d. in a state of cuni- 
nletc destitution. 

Lucas, John B. C, D.C.L. (U. of Caen, 
US')) po.itleian and jurist, b. Normandy, ah. 
176->-'d. St. Louis, Sept. 1842. Son of the 
chief justiciar of N. He practised law two 
years, and in 1784 crossed the Atlantic, and 
located himself on a farm near Pittsburg, Pa. 
In 1792 he entered public life. Served in tlio 
legisl. of Pa. several years, and as jud._'e of 
the C C.P. in the district where he resided. 
M C 180.3-5, and in 1805-20 was judge of the 
U S. Court in Upper La. He was also app. 
commiss. for the adjustment of Land Titles m 
Upper La.; at the same time was app judge, 
and ctnitiniicd a member of the hoard until 
its dissolution in 1812. His son, James H. 
Lucas, was a hanker of St. Louis, and a 
prominent citizen. , ot . t 

Lucas, RouKRT, statesman, b. She))lier(ls- 
town, Va., 1 Apr. 1781 ; d. Iowa City, 7 teb. 
1S53 His father, a capt. in the Revol. army, 
was descended f.om William Penn. He removed 
to Ohio in 1800, where he rose to the rank ot 



Ltrr) 



568 



LUN- 



mnj •(:»'» of militia; »pp.c«pt. 19th C.S. Inf. U 
Mar. 18ia; liciii.-col. 20 Feb. ISIS; rv»i);neU 
SO Juii«, 1913; t>ri);.-|{cii. of Ohio militia in 
deli'nci" of iho frontii-r ISI.1 ; nicinln-r Ohio 
li".H>l. 1814 : pre*, of the IVraoo. nut. convent, 
which in Mar, 1832, rvnoniiniticO Jackson for a 
»cconil pres-'n-mi; pjv. of Ohio lsa2-6; first 
Icrr. cov. of Iowa 1^38—11. tiov. L. was a 
proininvni Ma'<on ; a man of sinin:; impulses, 
and strict intcj;iity. — A. '/'. (Joudutaii t Ms. 
Altmoir. 

liUdewig, Herman Krnst, author of 
" Lilcniiuiv of Ayicrican L»)C:il History. " b. 
Dresden, Suxonv. Oct U. 1803 ; d. Urubklrn, 
N.Y., Dec. 12. is.'ie. lie ri'cciveJ a tini<lio<l 
rducaMon in his native conntrv ; came to N Y. 
City in 1842, and pnicti>ed law. ilis liook, 
piintitl in 1S46, wa.s never pub , but was given 
away to friends and public iustiiuiion!). A 
»up|>leiuent was issnetl in 1848. ivlatin^- entirely 
to the State ot N.Y. A philolo»;ical work 
by him. " Bibliothcca (ilottica," was actually 
in press in liondon, and was Hniiouiiccd to ni>- 
pear Dw. \!>, throe ilays after the authors 
death. In 1854 hecomninniiaicl to the Socifi^ 
dt (J&'iiiiiJiif of I'aris an article rntitle<l 
" Oe L llistoirr Jfs Ahoriiiinirs dn .l/.ri'./iii'," 
printed in the 9ih vol. 4th series of its Bul- 
letins, i. 119. lie rontnli. to Nnuiuann's 
" SrntjtfHm" articles on American Libniries, 
" Aids to American Bililio^niphv," and " The 
Book Trade of the U.S." — ///.iV. .l/<i.g. i. 23. 

IiUdlow, KiTZ licoii, inapiiinc writer, 
son of Kcv Henry G.of l'oui;lik.-<-psie, N.Y., 
b. I8;i: ; .1. Geneva, Switivrl.tnd. 13 Sept. 
1870. He lH';rau his contrilts. to N.Y. jonrnals 
in 1855; altciwarvls wrote lor Harnfr't .l/a;. 
a series of stoiies, collci-lcd under the title of 
"Little B'oiher;" pnli. in 1857 the " Hash- 
ei'sh-Eaier," and afierwarxl " The Heart of the 
<^'ontinent " on a journey he had made across 
the plains, anil '-The'Opinm Habit" His 
health lia'l iKvn de-tr»)ye<l by the use of hasheesh 
and opium. 

Ludlow, Gabkikl G.. loyalist of N.Y. ; 
d. IKt. 4, 18c>8, a. 72. In 1782 Ih) was col.- 
com. ot l)e Lancoy's.'ld bait. ; went to New 
Brunswick at the peace; was mayor of St. 
John in 1785; was in 1792 judic of vicc- 
admiraliy; a member of the council; col. of 
militia; aul in 1803, on the dc}H>$ilion of Gov. 
Carleton, was sworn in as com.-in-chicl. — 

Ludlow, Gkoroe DrsCAN, jurist and 
loyalist of N.Y. . bro. of the preciHiini; ; d. 
Frwlerickton.N.U , Feb. 12,1808 In D«-. 1769 
ho was app one of the judpjs of the Supn-mo 
Coun ; in 1 780 ne was app. master of the rolls, 
and siipt. of [Milice on Long Island. His larp> 
e>uies on I. I. vverv coiili^catiil ; and he n>- 
tire>l to New Brunswick in 178.1. where he was a 
niciMlxTof the first ivuncil. au<l, as senior ciuin- 
se|. ailininistcreil the govt. ; and was the tirst 
cliiif jiisii.e ot the Siiprvine Court. — Sit'inf. 

Ludlow, John, D D.. LL.D., divine, b. 
Aqiiackinonk. N. J., Dec. \^. 1793; d. I'hila. 
Sent. 8. 1S57. Ln. Coll. 1814. His grand- 
fath'T Richard was an officer of the Kevol. 
After -ludying law. he entereil the N. Bruns- 
wick Thwl. School ; was tutor at I'n. Coll. one 
}'t ur ; cuinpleled his studies in 1.81 7, and l<ecain« 



pastor of the R.D. Church. N. Brunswick ; io 
1818 he became prof of biblical literature; and 
from 1823 to 18J4 was panior of the chnnh in 
Alluiny ; provost of the U. of I'a. from 1834 to 
1852, when he took the chair of ercl. history in 
the Theol. Sem. of the K.D. Chun-h, N. Bruns- 
wick, N.J. — Simpson. 

Ludlow, KoGER, dep.-gor. of Ms. (I CM I 
and of Ct. ; was a " pious gentleman of good 
family " in the wi-st of Kng. who came with 
the first selilers of Duivliester in IC30. He 
was an as-ist. 4 years. Failing to l-o chosen 
gov. in 16')4. he went in 1C'.15 with the settlers 
of Windsor, Ct.,* where he was 19 years a 
magistrate or dep.-gov.and one of the coiuniisa. 
of the United Colonii-s In 16.19 he removed 
to Fairtield, the inhabitants of which, in 1653, 
having declared war against the .Manhadocs, 
chose Ludlow com -in chief. Tlie G^'ii. Court 
of New Haven discountenanced the proje*'!, in 
consi-qnence of which Mr Lsidlow embitrked 
for Va. in Apr. 10.'>4, with bis family. The 
time and plai-e of his ileath are unknown His 
dau. Sanih m. rev. Nath'l. Brvwster of Brook- 
hawn. John Endicott w.is his bro-in-law. 
^Vell versed in jurisprudence, he compiletl the 
first Ct. code of laws, prinietl in 1672 

Lumpkin, JosErn IUnry, LL.D. (N.J. 

Coll. 1851), jurist and sehol.ir, b. Oglethorpe 
Co., Ga., IK-c. 23, 1799 ; d. Athens, Ga.. June 
4,1867. N.J Coll. 1819. He studiisl Uw in 
the office of Jud^ Cobb ; was ad in. to the bar 
ill (.K-t. 1820; began pnictiiv at Lexin;;ton, 
Ga.. and took high rank as a lawyer. .Altera 
sui-eessful canvr of 24 years, he rx-tired from 
practice. Fleeted judge of the Supri-me Court 
of Ga. in his absence in 1845; he w.is thri.-e 
rw-eUvted tor the term of 6 years, without op- 
^>o.sition. Fleeted prof, of riKtoricniid oratory 
in the Ga. U. in 1846. he was compelled to 
decline. Ixing a prof, of law in the Lumpkin 
Law School attached to tlie University. In 
1855 he declined a M>ni on the bench of the 
Court of Claims. One of the compilers of the 
Penal Co.le of Ga in 1 S.-»3 

Lumpkin, Wilsox, statesman, 1l I'ittsyl- 
Tania Co., Va., Jan. 14, 17S3. Kemovetl to 
Oglethoiiie Co., Ga., early in 1784, with his 
father. He rvceived a common s h>«d wliico- 
liou ; studied law ; served in the State le.;isl. 
a number of years; was M C. in 1815-17; and 
1827-.11 ; gov of Ga. 18.11-5 ; and U.S. senator 
in 18.'17-41. In 1821 he was app. by IV-S. 
Monruo to mark out the l»nind.ipidine I'ictween 
Q.I. and Fla. ; and by Gen Jackson was app. 
a coinmi.vs. under the Cherokee treaty oi 1835. 
He was also a mein'n'r of tlie bo ml «f ii.ihiie 
works, lie residcrl at Athens, Ga. Diel I071. 

Lundy, Bk^j.^min, al>oliiionlst, h. H.ind- 
wicli, NJ.. J:ui. 4, 1789; d. Lowvll, III., Aug. 
22. 1839. Ilui parents were tjnaketis. Until 
19 he lal><.>r..'d on his iHthi-r's lami, and after- 
wanl n-movi-il to Whio.ini:. Va. Having' si-t- 
tUM in husin.gs in St. Ci'TMM \, I., isiS, 
he foulldt^l an an°i laver\ <i"ean 

appeal on tho su!ij it of ■ con- 

triii. to a joum.d c-.illed i lie 

then went to S'. I^mis, »!i r , lor luur 2 years, 
he was enga^xi'J in ih ■ extosiiion of the slarny 
question. Ketuniini; to Mt. P.ensant, he com- 
mcmx-d in Jan. 1822 the OVhiW ly' L'tiiKnat 



569 



LYE 



EmiitviiHilion, the olTicc of which wius soon re- 
iiiovtd to JonosI)OioU!;h, Tciin., an.l tliuiiic in 
Ha4 to Ualliinori'. Hu visited liavti in 18:24, 
and tlif i:;istirn States in 1825, where he lornied 
th.' iuquaintanee of Wni. Llu.vil (iarii-iun, af- 
teiwarils a^sueiaied with him in ediiin^ his 
journal. In 1828-9 he was assault' d fur an 
a.l'.'ged Iil>el, indirectly censured bv the Court, 
and soon all rward ivnioved to Washington. 
U ■ was the lir,-t to establish anti.~lavery peri- 
odicals, and to deliver antislavery lectures. 
Hi, "Lifo and Travels," by Tho». Earl, was 
jiub. in Phila. 1847. 

Lunt, Oeobgb, lawyer, author, and journal- 
ist, b. Newhuryport, Mi., Dec. 31, 1803. II.U. 
1824. Studied law; was lirincijial of the lii'^h 
!-chooliiiXewlmryi)ort; ami praeii-ed law there. 
He was .several tunes nieinl.er of t!ie Stale le- 
gisl.; be;^an to write and i>iibli-li po' try at an 
carlv a;,'e. A vol. appeared in 1839 ; another in 
1843, eniitled •'The Age of Gold;" in 1851 
" The Dove and the Ka:;le ; " " Lyri ■ Poems," 
1854 ; "Julia," 1853. In 1345 h"delivered be- 
fore the IJjston Mercantile LiUrary Assoc, a 
poem eallvd "Cultur.." lu 1848 be removed 
to Doston; and from 1849 till March, 1853, was 
U.S. dist. atty. for ib. From Mar. 1857 till 
18G2, andatalater p riod, he edited the Boston 
Courier, a conservative journal. His oth.r pub- 
lications are "Eastford, or Household Skcteh- 
cs," 1855; "Three Eras of New England," 
1857; " Uadicalisni in R(li;;ion, Philosophy, 
and Social Life," 1 853; "The Union," a po- 
em, 13G0; and "Origia of the Late War." 

L'lnt, Uev. William Paiisoss. D.D. 
(H.U. 1850), a popular andeloipient Uniiari-.n 
divin ■, b. N wbnrvport, Apr. 21, 1805 ; d. Ak- 
hahin Arabia Petrica, March 20, 1857. H.U. 
1823. Gr.-semof ('apt. Ilen-v. Suidi d law one 
year. Ord. pastor of tli' Second Unit. Church 
in New York 19. Tune, 1828, which he I ft Nov. 
10, 1833, and was pastor of the Unit, church, 
Quiney, Ms., from June 3, 1835, to his d. He 
left home in Dee. 1856 to make the tour of 
Europe. His writings, both in prose and poiv 
try, (lisplay a singularly pure taste a'ld classic 
refinement, and have been much admired. He 
pub. a nnmlKT of oee.a.ional discourses. 

Luque do (da-loo'-ku), HEKK.vNDO,a Span- 
ish bisho]) of Peru ; d. 1532. He was a priest 
of Pan.ima, when in 1525 he associated him- 
self with Pizano and Almagro in an exped. for 
the coiKpust of Peru, fitrnishing the money for 
the enteq)ri3'. — See Ilen-fra; and Presi'M's 
Confjuf'st of' Pt-ru. 

Lusk, Joiix, an aged soldier, h. Staten Is- 
I'lnd, N.V., Nov. 5, 1734; (1. near MeMiunville, 
Tenn., June 8, 1838, a. 104. Of Dut h estrac- 
tnn. 1I(^ was in the military serviei' nearly (JO 
years. He commenced this career when ali. 20, 
at the conipiest of Acadie ; was present at the 
sie;.'e of Quebec ; saw the brave Gen. W<dfe fall 
on the Plains of Abraham ; served in Arnold's 
exp'd to Canada ; was engaged in the erection 
of Fort Edn aid, and was then; wounded ; was 
at the battle of Saratoga, the surrender of 
Burgoyne, ami also of Comwallis ; and subsc- 
qnenily served under WajTie in the campaign 
against the Indians. 

Luzenber??, Charles A., surgeon, h. 
Verona, July 31, 1805; d. Cincinnati, July 15, 



1848. Of Austrian parentage. lie came with 

his family in 1819 to Phila., attending the lec- 
tures of the Jell'. Med. Coll., giving spwlal at- 
tention to surgery. In 1829 he went to N. Or- 
leans; became house surgeon to the Charity 
Hospital, and soon became eel lirat ed in Ins 
])rof.ssion ; established the Medical School, of 
which he was the tirst dean ; founded the Soci- 
ety of Nat. Hist, in 1839, and in 1843 the La. 
Medieo-Chirurgieal Society, of both which ho 
was first i)res. In 1832-4 he visited Europe. lie 
performed succi'ssfully many of the most dilh- 
cult surgical operatioii-, sueli .i ilie extirpation 
of th' parotid glaiid, the e-.ri i,,n of 6 inches 
of the ilium, and tli ■ t\ iiu '<! ilie i-rimitive iliac 
arterv. — (irusa's Mtd. Liiotj. 

Ltizerne, Akne C.i:sat! dr la, LL.D. 
(II.U. 1781), a French diplomatist, b. Paris, 
1741 ; d. Eng. Sept. 14, 1791. _ After having 
served in the Seven- Years' W;ir,in which Ik; rose 
to the rank of eol., he abandoned the military 
career, resumed his studies, and turning lus 
views to diplomacy, in 1776 was sent as cnvoy- 
e.xtr. to Bavaria. In 1778 he was ajip. to suc- 
ceed Gerard as minister to the U.S.; arrived 
in Phila. Sept. 21, 1779, and conducted him- 
self, during 4 years in which he remain.'tl there, 
wiili a prmU'nce, wisdom, and concent for their 
interests, that gained him tlie esteem and atfec- 
tion of the Americans. In 1780, when the 
American army was in the mo;t desiitute con- 
dition, and the government witliout re.iiurees, 
he aided with liis purse in r lii viu ; tlie (iistress. 
In 1783 he ri'turned to Fru'iee, \v.v. in- r ceived 
the must fltilt ri;]^- expressions of esteem from 
CoiiiT'-s; .iiti' in 1 788 was sent ambassador to 
Lou.luii, u!i re hi' remained till his (1. When 
the Feileial tiovt. was organized, tie; sec. of 
state addressed a letter to th' Clieva.i^r d' la 
Luz"nie, by direction of Washington, making 
an express acknowledgment of his services, and 
the sense of them entertained bv the nation. 

Lyell, Sin Charles, D.C.L. (Oxf. 18.55), 
LL.D. m.U. 1.844), a British geologist,b. Kin- 
nordv, Forfarshire, Nov. 14, 1797. Oxf. U. 
IJ.A.'l819; M. A. 1821. Originally a Lawyer. 
Theb'tturesof Prof. Buckland turned his atten- 
tion to geo!ogy. Tlie first vol. of his " Princi- 
phs of < ieologv " appeared in Jan . 1 830, ami was 
received with great favor. This work in 1838 
was divided into two treatises, — the " Elements 
of (ieologv," and the "Principles;" and in 
1851 the "Elements" appeared with the title of 
"Manual of Elementary Geology." In 1841 he 
visited the U.S., delivered a cotirse of lectures 
on geology in Boston, travelled extensively 
through the Northern and Middle States, and 
investigated the geolonieal features of the eonn- 
trv. II« " Travels in N. A. iti the Yeara 1841- 
2*' (2 vols. 8vo, Lond. 1845) contain the gen- 
eral results of this jonm"y. The scientific 
papers connected with it ar' found in the "Pro- 
ceedings" and "Trans." of the G ol. Soe. of 
Lond., the "Reports of the Britidi Associa- 
tion," and the "Am. Journal of Science." In a 
second journey, made in Sept. 1845-.Tan'\ 1846, 
he visited the Southern States, and pa snd up 
the Mpi. He pub. "A Seiond Vi.it to the 
U.S.," 2 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1849. In 1849 he was 
knighted ; was elected pres. of the Cieol. Society 
in 1836 and 1850; created a baronet in 1864. 



LYM 



570 



LYN 



He imli. in ISd " Grulogicol EfiJcocoa of the 
Aii(i<|uitv of Man," &i'. 

Lyman, llt.Mtv, iiii»>ionnr_v,li. Norilmni|i- 
toii, iM-... ISIU; killed bv ilivKiiiuilis at Su- 
iiinini, Willi Mr. Miinsun, June 20, 18'I4. Amti. 
Cull. \»->9. Sun of Tliwxlorf. lie |.iil). 
" Coniliiion of Kiin«lc» in 1'ul'Uii Coiiniric^." 

Lyman, JocKi-u, D.I). (\Viu». Coll. isoi), 

miiM-icr of lliillielil, Cl , from iih. 17<a lo liii 
(1 , Miiixh J7, 1S2S; h. L. Iianon, Ct., I7S0. 
Y.C. 1707; tutor there 1770-1. lie was an 
ori;;inul member of the Amer. Forei;;n Mis- 
siouarv Soeietv. ami from 1823 it« \>rv». He 
pull. 18 oceaniunal iMM-inuns, 1787-1821. — 

Lyman, I'iune**, maj.-iren., b. Durham, 
Ct.. nb. 1716; <l. Wi-st Kurida, 1775. Y.C. 
1738; tnior there I738-11. IIo was bred a 
weaver, but soon raised himself uIhivc this c^m- 
diiion, cni.nir;ed in mereuntile |iursiiils, and 
fin^illy settled ns n lawyer in Suftield. lie 
took o eiinspicuous pan in the dispute lieiween 
Ct. and Ms. relative to the ri(;l>t ofjurisdiciion 
over the town of Suffield ; was for sumo yeiirs 
a mn^istritc, held various puhiic ufBee", ami 
was app. mnj-ijen. and eoin.-in ehief of the Ct. 
fiiree<, nml built Fort Lvman, now culled Fort 
EdwanI, NY. Ho served under Sir William 
Johiisuu at the tiatilc of Lake Ueur^c, and, 
after Johnson was disabled, conducted the en- 
ga;;enieiit to a suecC9>ful issue. He served 
ntidir AlK'rrrcimbic in 1758; was with tMid 
Howe when lie was killed; was nl the capture 
of Crown Toiiit, the surrender of Montreal; 
anil ill 17C2 lid the provincial troops ngaiiist 
Havana. In 1 7G3 he went to ICnp. as the iij^nt 
of his brutlier officers to receive their share of 
priie-mipiiey, also as n^ni of a company called 
the Military Ailventurers, to solicit a ^rant of 
lanil on the' Mpi. Deluded from year to year 
by idle promise*, he sunk to imiiecility, and 
returned in 1774, about which time a tract 
near Xaieluz w;i3 (jranicd to the petitioners. 
He went thither with his eldc-t sou and other 
einiLiranls. and died soon alter rcacliin;; Werst 
Florida The emigrants, after uibkrjiuinf; 
many hnrdships. were oblit'cd, on the eonquot 
of the country by the Spaniards in 1781-2, to 
Uike refii'^'O in Savannah. 

Lyman, Tiieohore, maror of Boston 
18.i2-5, h. therv Feb. 19, 1792; d. Jalv 17, 
1849. H.U. 1810. The son of a ricli and 
liberal merchant of that city, ho inherited a 
ftiriiiiic. lie received his early education at 
Phillips E.xeter Acad. In 1814 ho visited 
Euro|)e ; afterward studied law, and inado a 
si'cond visit to Europe; in 1819 hu Ix-gan to 
take part ill the business of public life; was an 
effiiient inemlH-r of l>oth brunches of tl»legi»l. ; 
delivered the 4ih of July oration in Button in 
1820; and look an interest in the militia, and 
for a time was bri:;-;:en. ; was nn oetive mem- 
ber of the State Hurtic. Swiety, and at his 
diveasc ;:ave to it SIO.OOO; a trustee and 
liU'ral iK-nefactor of the Farm Sehouj. to which 
at his di'i-castf he also lici^ueathed SIU.OOO. He 
founded tho .State Ilefurin Schoid at \Ve~t- 
lioruu;;h, to endow which he first L'ave $22,i'00, 
and at his death bequeathed to it Siil.OOi) more. 
Author of " A Few Weeks at l*nri> ; " " I'uliti- 
cal State of Iwly," 1820; "Account of the 



HartfonI Convention," 1823; " Diplomacy of 
the L'.S ," 2 vols. 1828. 

Lyman, William, b. Northampton, Ms., 
1753. V.C. 1776. M.C. 1793-7; consul to 
London from 1805 to his d., Uct. 1811 ; iiiein- 
ber of ihe Ms. Ic^i^l. 1767; Stalo (cnaiur 
1789; hrii;.t'eti. of militia. 

Lyman, William, D. D. (N.J. Coll. 
1808), minister of Hiuldam, (°t , and China, 
N.Y. ; d. 18;i3. B. ol. 70. Y.C. 1784. Ha 
pub. Election Serm. 1806; on the death of Mrs. 
Grii>wi»ld of Lyme; Dedicaiiuu .Serm. nt Leba- 
non, 1807; Ordination ol J. ILirvrv, 1810. 

liynch. Col. Ciiakli.s, Uevol. officer; d 
soon alter 1783, at Stuuiiloii, Campliell Co., 
Vo. His bro. John was the founder of Lynch- 
bur;;, Va. ; and his son Cuablk«, gov. of Mpi. 
183.-I-7, d. near Nalcliei, Feb. 16, 185.3. At 
Guill'onI a regt. of riflemen under Col. Lynch 
behaved with great gallantry. The term 
" lynch law " was occasioned by his nppro- 
hciiding, and causing to l>e punished without 
any huperflaous legal ceremony, a lawless lund 
of Tories and des|>cradoes that infected that 
newly-seitled country. — lu. J/itl. CoUt. 

Lynch, I9II>oke ue, a French gen. of 
Irish descent, b. Lond. June 7, 1755 ; d. Aug. 
4, 1841. He waseilucatcd at the Coll. of Louis 
le Gnind at I'aris ; entered the army; mndo 
the cainpai:;iis of 1771-2 in India, and subse- 
quently iho^c of the war of the United Slates. 
Uelore njuining the annv of ItiK-hainticau, in 
which he was aide to the ^lall|ui^. de Cliustellux, 
he had taken pait in the e.\|icil. of D'Estuing. 
and at the siege of Savannah exhibited a cuul 
bravery worthy the n-cord of it in llic Memoirs 
of Count Segur. On his reiurn to France ho 
was made siiond col. of the ri'gt. of Wulsb, 
and rcoiveil the cross of St. Louis. He was a 
lieut.-gvn. at the Imttleol Valiiiy. — Diaj. Univ. 

Lynch, Thomas, Jun., sigmrofthe DecL 
of InJi'p., f>. I'riiue Giopgo Parish, S.C, Aug. 
5, 1749; d. at sea in Ihe latter |>art of 1779. 
Of Au>trian descent. Ui.-. father, u man of gnat 
wealth and iu.lui-nce, having cariy espou»>.<l 
the cau.se of the Coiouists woj a uiciiiUt of the 
Cont. Congrcss from 1774 ti:l liis d. in 1776. 
His sou was educated at Eton and Cambridge, 
Eng.; afUnvanl siudiwl law at thi' T. mple, but, 
befiia- completing bis course, returned to Aincr. 
in 1772. lleli□qui^hing the prufta.-ion of ttio 
law, he 8 tiled u|>on a plantation o'l t'.ie North 
Santec Uiver, |in>eutcd to him by his father, 
and in. a Ml<i3 Shuhriv k. In 1 775 he was chosen 
acapt. in Ihe 1st S.C. regt.; but, in consequence 
of the illn>^ss of his fath'T, toward tin- close of 
that vear was clectLil to fil', his scat in Congress. 
The'diK;liiieof his health ol.li-.tl him in th.au- 
tumn of 1776 to n'tir\' from public employment. 
Near the close of 1779 he cmliarke.l lor St. Eu- 
statia, with the intention of viMiinp Europe, 
and, by some unknown aivident, pcrulu'd, with 
all the ship's company, at sea. 

Lynch, William F., naval officer, b. Va. 
1?01 ; d. U.illimore, Oct. 17, 1SG5. Mid.-hipni. 
Jan. 26, 1819; lient. May, 1828; coin. Sept. 
1849 ; capl. Apr. 1856. Iii 1847 he planne<l an 
cxpeii. tocxpUm-thecoiinx'of ilic Kivcr Jordan 
and the sliorcs of the Dead S a ; sailed in Nov. 
for Sinyrua; arrived with Ui» party in the Bay 



571 



of Acre Mar. 31, 1848, and io April wa^ up- 
on tin; L^kt' of Tiberias, and couiiiieiicfd tuj 
naviyaiiou ol' tlio Jordan to tlie Ui-ad StM, which 
they reaciijd Apr. 18. A thorouj^h expioraiion 
was luaJ :; and ihj depression of ilic IJead Sia 
bolow the Mc^Uterrancan was found to lie 1,.3I2 
feet. Lieut. Lynch'a narrative of tliis exped. 
has passed throui^h 7 ediiious. He subsc/iuent- 
ly plan:ied an c.xplora.ion of W.slern Alrica, 
whi h was not e.KecuteJ. H; ii also liie author 
of "Naval Life, or Oooervations Atloat and on 
Shore," 12.nj, 1851. He re^i^'Ued April 21, 
18(il ; .June 10, 13G1, was app. a coniiuodore 
ij the Coiifid. navv' ; led a floiilla in delence of 
lioanoke I,l.ind and the eoaitof N'.C; and was 
d.;feated (Feh. 9, 18C2) Ijy Flag-Oillcer Gol(l»- 
borough. H- wassub.-jijuently i:i com. of the 
defene^sof S.niihvi.lo, near Fort Fisher, N.C. 

Iiynde, Bbxja.iiin, chief justice of Ms., h. 
Salem, Sept. 22, 166G; d. Mar. 23, 1715. H.U. 
16S6. He studie.1 law at the Tenijde, Lond. ; 
wasapp. judge i.i 1712, and eh. justice in 1729. 
Me.'nber of the council from 1723 to 17.'J7. De- 
scended from a Uorseisliire fa:.iilv. His son 
BE-VJ.I.IIS, jurist, b. 0-t. 5, 1700, d. 0>t. 9, 
1731. H.U. 1713. Fro;n 1737 h; was many 
yc irs a memb.r of th-- council, representative, 
naval oHiccr of the port, a judge of the Court 
of Sessions and C. Ti., ;m J, toward the close of 
life, judge of probate. Judge of the Supreme 
Judicial Court fro i 1745. to 1771. At the trial 
of Ca;it. rrCoSoa i i 1770 h: presided in court. 
II; r^.i^Uvd the oSce of chief juslire in 1772. 

LyndDil, Josiab, gov. K.I. 1763, b. New- 
port, Mir. 10, 1721; d. Warrei, Mar. 30, 1778. 

Lyoa, Asa, miuist;r, b. Poinfret, Ct., Dec. 
31, 17G3; d. Sou.h He-.o, Grand Isle Co., Vt., 
Apri; 4, 1811. Dartin. Coll. 1790. Pastor of 
the Coag. ciur h at S.inderl.ind, Ms., from O.t. 
4, 1792, to Sept. 23, 1793; at South Hero, Vt., 
from Dee. 21, 1302, to Mar. 15, 1840; and was 
M.C. from Vt. in 1815-17. App. chief judge 
of Grand Isle Co. iti 1805, '6, '8, and '13; was a 
represcmativeia 1802, '4, '5, 'G,and '8, and from 
1810 lO 1314 ; was a member ot the exec, coun- 
cil i.i 130J. H. was an able preaihcr, and pub. 
sermons and pa:riotie addressis, indicating a 
high order of talent and s diolarship. 

Iiyon, Minv, teacher, b. liuekland, Ms., 
Feb. 23, 1797; d. South llailey, Ms., Mar. 5, 
1849. She commenced teacliing at Shelliume 
Falls in 1814; from the fall of 1321 till the 
Bpring of 1824 she taught in the Sanderson 
Acad., jVshi'iid; from 1824 to 1828 she was 
asso-iated with Mi»s Grant in teaching the Ad- 
ants Female Acad, at Londonderry, N.ll., and 
aftenvard at Ipswich; for 6 years, during 
winters, wh .n the acad. was closed, she taught 
school in Buckland and Asliland ; in the au- 
tumn of 13.34 sh ■ resigned; and Xov. 8, 1837, 
she Oftened the Mt. Holyoke Female Seminary, 
in South Hadley, over which she pri-sidcd 12 
years. A feature of her plan, to which there 
was much opposition, was, that the whole do- 
mestic labor of the institution was to be per- 
form il by the pupils and teachers; and it was 
intended to make the pupils independent of 
servants, to teach se,t-dcnial, to promote their 
health, and to preserve their interest in domes- 
tic duties. She pub. a pamphiet entitled "Ten- 
dencies of the Principles embraced and the Sys- 



tem adopted in the Mt. Holyoke Female Semi- 
nary " (1840), and the "Missionary Od'cring," 
1843. — Si'i- Life and Lahors of Mary Lijou, bu 
Edward lUtrlicoi-k, iJ.lJ., 1851. 

Lyon, Col. Mathew, politician, b. Wick- 
low Co., Ireland, 174G; d. Spadra Bluif, Ark., 
1 Aug. 1822. Kmigrating at the age of 13 to 
N.Y., and unable to pay lor his passage, the 
captain of the sliip, in accordance with the cus- 
tom of the time, assigned him for a sum of 
money to a fanner in Litchfield Co., Ct.,whora 
he served some years. Becoming a citizen of 
Vt., he was in 1775 a lieut. in a company of 
" Green Mountain Boys;" was cashiered for 
deserting lii- post in the latter pan of the year; 
was in 1777 temporary paym. of the NorLhcrn 
army; w.ts suI.s ■(luently serving as commi is.- 
gen. and as col. of miiiiia; and was in 1773 
d "p. sec. to the gov., and clerk of the Court of 
Confiscations. Founding- the town of Fair- 
liavcti in 1 783, he built saw-mills and grist- 
mills, established a forge, manufacture 1 paper 
from basswood, and established the Freeman's 
LUirdri), newspaper. He was 10 years a mem- 
ber of the Icgil.; assist, judge of Ruiland Co. 
Court in 178G; M.C. 1797-1801, and had on 
the floor of Congress a personal diiheulty with 
Roger ( Jriswold, wh;ii an unsuccessful attempt 
was made to e.xpel him; gave the vote that 
made Jctferson pres. ; and being in Oct. 1798 
convicted of a lilicl on Pres. Adams, was con- 
fined 4 months in the Vergcnncs Jail, and fined 
SI, 000, v.hich was paid by his friends. Kemov- 
ing to Ky., he was in its Icgisl. in 1801-3 ; was 
its rep. in Congress in 1803-11; then became 
bankrupt from the speculation of building gun- 
boats lor the war of 1812; and in 1820 was 
made a factor among the Cherokee Indians in 
Axk., and was a]ip. territorial delegate to Con- 
gritss, but did not live to take his scat. His 
son CuiTTENDE.v Lyox, M.C. from Kv. 1827- 
35, d. Caldwell Co., Ky., Nov. 1842. " Col. L. 
was rough and impetuous in manner, but was 
an able debater. — Seis paiitpUet notice of Lyon 
bjliev. I'Uuy II. White, 1858. 

Lyon, Nathaniel, brig, gen vols., b. Ash- 
ford, Wiiidhaiu Co., Ct.,July 14, 1819; killed 
at the battle of Wilson's Creek, Mo., Aug. 10, 
ISGI. West Point, 1841. Grand-nephew of 
Col. Knowlton. Entering the 2d Inf. he dis- 
ting. himself in the Florida war;- took part 
in the capture of Monterey in 1846; became 
1st lieut. Feb. 1847 ; and, joining Gen. Scott, 
was present at Vera Cruz and Cerro Gordo; 
com. his company at Contrcras and Cliuru- 
busco, winning the brevet of capt. ; and was 
wounded in the assault of the Belen Gate, 
Mexico City. Ordered to California; June 11, 
1851, he became capt. ; was on active duty in 
Kansas during the Free State troubles; and, 
when the civil war broke out, was placed in 
com. of the arsenal at St. Louis. This he made 
secure against surprise ; and May 10, with 
the aid ot several thousand " Home Guards," 
under Cols. Blair and Sigel, broke up the ren- 
dezvous of the secessionists at Camp Jackson ; 
brig.-gcn. vols. 17 May, 1861; June 1 the 
com. of the dept. devolved on him. He broke 
up a Confederate force at Potosi, and caused 
several important seizures of war mul&iel des- 
tined lor Caiop Jackson. Gov. Jackson, bar- 



3JVO 



MCA. 



ills callt'il out S0,0UO militia to " repel the in- 
viuioii of ilie Suite," lell for Uooiieville on the 
14lh ; Lien. Lvon foiloweil hiiu, Jcleitlin.: the 
niiliiiii oil the I7lh ; lie then murehed to 
Sprin^'lield. Aii;;. 2, he ileleHieil the t'onfeilc- 
rates under MeCiilloeh iit Uiij; Spring. Me- 
CuUoili hiivin;; heen joined hy Gen. Price, 
thus making; ii force 4 or 5 tiiuca iis lar;;e as 
hij own, lie dcterinineil, rather than abandon 
S. \V. .\lo., to ri^k a haiile. lie accordingly 
inarched on and atiacked the enemy on tho 
1 0th, at Wilson's Creek ; and, after hein); twice 
n'ouniIe(', was leadin;; into action » rc;;t. whose 
col. had heen killed, when he was struck by a 
minie-hall, aird killed. Ureat honors were paid 
to his lueiuory. lie hc(|ueathcd nearly all his 
property, some S.'JO,(IOO, to the k"*'- t" ""^ '" 
the preservaihjn of the Union. In 18G0, while 
stationi'd at Camp liilcy, he jmb. a series of 
letters in lavor of Ahraham Lmcoln's election 
to the presidency, in a local newspaper, eimu 
collccied in a vol., entitled •' Tho Last Politi- 
cal writin;,'s of Gen. Nathaniel Lyon," with a 
mcinoi , 18G2. 

Lyon, UioiuRD, poet and preacher, was 
in 1G44-I private tutor to an Eii;:li9h student 
at Cainhrid).'e. He lived wiih Pres. Dunstcr, 
with whoiu he was app. to revise Idiot's " Bay 
I'suhns." In 17 2i tlie 2Utli edition was puli. ; 
inanv pa>sa^es from the other part.s of ihe 
Bible, ca.led " I'he Spiritual Si.n-s of the Old 
and New Ti stament,' are in-cncd. — A/lm. 

Iiyons, James Gildorne, LL.D. ; d. Jan. 
2, 18G3, at llavorford, near Phila., where he 
had lor many years a select boys' school of a 
hi^'h dmravicr. lie was an accomplished 
scholar, aud pub. " Christian Soiiirs, Transla- 
tions, and other Poems," Phila. 12mo, 1861. 

LyOUS, UlCII.lRD BlCKi:itTON PE.tlELL, 
baron, C.C.IJ., D.C.L., cnvov-c.\tr. to the 
U.S. IXc K':>ji-Fcl.. 1865, h. LyniinKton, 26 
Apr. Idl". Siuceeded to the title of his father 
(Admiral Lvon.<) 23 Nov. 1853. Educated at 
Oxford. Ailache at Athens (1839), Dresden 
(1852), Florence (1853) ; sec. of le^'ation there 
1856; envoy to Tuscany (1858) ; app. ambas- 
sador to Constantinople in Aug. 1865 ; trans- 
ferred to Paris in July, 1867. 

LytlO) William IIainks, soldier and poet, 
b. tiiKinuali, Xov. 2, 1826; killed Sept. 20, 
186.'), at the battle of Chickaman;;a. Ciii. 
Coll. 1843. His j^ivat-granilfather Wra. was 
a capt. in the Pa. line, and eiuig. to Ky. in 
1779. Win. his grandfather, an early pioneer 
of Ohio, was lanious in the border wars of the 
West, and nniler Jackson, his intimate per- 
sonal friend, held the survcyoi-ifeiieralcy of 
public lands. His father liobert T. Lvtic, a 
hemoc. jiolitician, and .M.C. 183.3-5, d. Jf. Or- 
leans, Dec. 21, 1839. Win. 11. studied law; 
served in the .Mexican war as capt. in Irviii;,''s 
re-;!. ; resumed praciicc nt its close ; was a 
member of the (5. leyisl. ; was the unsuccess- 
ful candidate of the Democ. for lieut -jiov. in 
1857 ; anil liceame. soon after. maj.-(;en. first 
division of O militia. At the coininenccincnt 
of the Ueliellion be com. the lOili O. n';;t.; 
served in West Va. ; took part in the ;:allaiit 
attack upon Kich .Mountain, July, 1861; and 
was wounded at the battle of Sunimervillc, 
Sept. 10, 1861. When sulficiently a-covcred, 



be took com. of the Rardstown camp of in 
siruction; and then of the I7ih liri;.'aiie under 
Gen. O. .M. Miiehell, participatiii;; in the 
brilliant o|>craiions alon;; the Memphis and 
Chaitunoo;,'a Kailroad ; at Pcrryvillc he was 
a;;aiii woiimled, and fell into the hands of ibo 
enemy, but was soon eNebaii;:cii ; made bri;;.- 
Cen. tor i;.illaniry Nor. 29, 1862; and subse- 
quently served under Gen. Rosecran^. Some 
of his poetry is I'ollerted in the " Poets and 
Poetry of the We^t," by Co--cshall. 

LyttletOD, William IIlniiv, Baron 
We--.leoie, ^-ov. S. C. 1 7. '■.'i-fin, afterward ;;ov. 
of Jainniea ; d. 14 Sept., 1803. Knvoy ex. and 
min. to Portugal 1766 ; made Baron Westcote 
31 Julv, 1776; made Lord Lyttleton 13 Aug. 
1794. ■ 

Mably (nm-bll), Gauriel Bon'not, nbl>£ 
de, a I'Veiich author, b. Grenoble, 14 Mar. 
1709; d. Paris. 23 Apr. 1785. A mi.-uadcr- 
standing with bis patron and relative. Cardinal 
Teiicin, prevented bis rise in the Church. He 
wrote memorials and reports for Tcncin ; and 
it was from minutes drawn up by him for the 
cardinal that he prepared his " Droit Public." 
Kinploycd in 1743 in secret negotiations with 
the Prussian ambassador at Paris, he con- 
cluded a treaty n^'ainsi Austria ; ami also 
drew the instructions of the Frcmh minister 
at the congress of Breda. Besides several 
political and historical works, bj wrote in 
1784 ** Sttr Us Coiisiitu'iong flen £tatti Uiita tU 
I'Ain^'iifii'," embodying his views on the prep- 
aration of the constitution, upon which he 
was consulted by Congress in 178^J. This 
work contiiiii- many sentiments adverse to 
civil liberty and religioas toleration, which arc 
ineoiisi^teni wiili liis previous opinions. 

McAdam, John Lol'dudx, originator of 
iiiacailaiiiiwd roads, b. Avr, Seoiland, 21 
Sej I. 17.")0; d. Dumfrie-hire, 26 Nov. 1830. 
In 1770 be came to New Vork ; was adopted by 
his uncle a nicrebant there, who nei|uircil a 
fortune as agent for the sale of prizes during 
the lievol. ; at the clo9e of which he ix-tumed 
to his native land, having been coin|K'llcd, as 
a loyalist, to abandon most of his pro|>city. 
He lajgan to experiment upon the siientilic 
construction of roads in 1810; succeeded, in 
spite of great opposiiion from the farmers, 
traders, and common |ieople; and for his ser- 
vices was rewarded by i-ovi. with a gift of 
.£6.000 and the honor of knighthood ; the lat- 
ter he declined in favor of his mm Sir James 
Nicholl .McAdam. In 1827 he was made gen. 
surveyor of the inelro|H>litan roads. His tirs: 
wife was a .Mi>s Niebull of New York ; his scc- 
on<l was a d.iu. of John Peter Dc Lancey. 
Author of " lieniarks on I{oad-^Llkillg," 8th 
ed. I^imlon. 18J4. 

McAfee, Uoukri B., b. Men-erCo., Kv., 
1784. Tlie .McAfees, George. James, onrt 
KoUti (the father of U. B.), all cncr^-etie and 
detcriiiineil men. left Sinking Cn-ek, Boieioiirt 
Co., Va., June I, 1773, and settled in Ky., 
where they were conspicuous in the Indian 
warfare of their times. U. B. was «pp. capt. 
in U. .M. Johnson srvgt. Kv. Vols., umler Gen. 
Harrison in battle of the Fhanies ; liciit.-t;oT. 
of Ky, 1820—4; c/mn/rf' cTii/ZIi/ies to Colombia 
1835-^7. Author of " History ol Late W<| 



MCA. 



573 



IMCC 



in the Wislern Country," 8vo, Lexington, 
1816. 

MeAle8ter, Miles D., brev. brig.-gen. 
U.S.A., 1). N.Y. 1834; d. BumUo, N.Y., Apr. 
•23, 1869. West Point, 1856. Entering tiiti 
engr. corps 2 May, 1861, he was made 1st 
liciit. ; capt. March 3, 1863; and maj. March 
7, 1867 ; chief engr. 3d army corp,s in the 
Army of the Potomac till Oct'. 30, 1862, being 
in all its important battles, and winning two 
brevets; from Oct. 30, 1862, to Apr. 1863, chief 
engr. of the dept. of Ohio; in June and July 
chief engr. at the siege of Viclssburg; assist, 
prof, of engr. at West Point from Sept. 1863, 
to July 1.5, 1864, when app. chief engr. of the 
milit. division of West Mpi. ; engaged in 
the rednetion of Forts Gaines and Morgan, 
Mobile Bay, in July and Aug., 1864, and of 
Spanish Fort and Fort Blakcly, Mobile, in 
Apr. 1865, For these services be was brev. 
col. and brig.-gen. He was then engaged in 
constructing defences at Mobile and N. Or- 
leans, and in the improvement of the Mpi. 
River. Engr. of the 8th Lighthouse dist. May 
22, 1867. 

McAllister, Matthew H-^ll, LL. D. 
(Col, Cull.), jurist, b. Savannah, Ca., 26 Nov. 
1800; d. S.in Francisco, Cal., 19 Dec. 1865. 
Bred to the law, he was in 1827 app. U.S. dist. 
atty. for Ga., a post held by his father during 
Washington's admin. A leading lawyer and 
politician of Savannah ; some years its mayor ; 
an opponent of nullification in 1832; a promi- 
nent and influential member of the legisl. in 
1835; 5 years State senator; and caused the 
establishment of the Court of Errors; emig. 
with his family to Cal. in 1850 ; and from 1855 
to 1862 was U.S. Circuit judge of that Slate. 
Author of a " Eulogy on President Jackson," 
and a vol. of legal opinions, pub. hy his son, 

Macanally, D.wid Kice, Mcihodist di- 
vine, b. Gr.iiigcr Co., Tenn., 17 Feb. 1810. 
Has pub. a Life of Mrs. Ramsay, and other biog- 
raphies ; and since 1851 has edited the C/iris- 
tiiin AdcoriUe, and had charge of the Meth. 
book-concern at St. Louis. Ord. Nov. 1831 ; 
preached in Tenn., N. C, and Va, ; and in 
184.3-51 was pres. of the Female Inst., Knox- 
ville. 

McArthlir, Duncan, soldier, and gov. of 
Ohio 1830-2, b. Dutchess Co., N.Y., June 14, 
1772; d. near Chillicothe, O., 28 Apr. 1839. 
When only 8 years of age, his father removed 
to the frontier of Pa. At the age of 18, he 
voluntci-rcd in defence of the frontier against 
the hostile Indians, and served in Haimar's 
campaign. He also studied surveying, and 
acquired great landed wealth. In 1805 he 
wa.s a memlicr of the Ohio legisl. ; and in 1808 
b?came mijor-gen. of militia; col. Ohio vols. 
May 7, 1812, aiid second in com. at Hull's sur- 
render; brig.-gen. Mar. 12, 1813; and, after 
serving 2 years as second in com., succeeded 
Gen. Harrison in 1814 in com. of the army of 
the West. In the latter part of this year he 
protected and p^irily a'eoMipii,-hed a bold plan 
of Conquering U|i|>cr Canada, which he was 
obliged to relinquish from the failure of the 
forces of Gen. Izard to co-operate with him. He 
had been elected to Congress by the Democ. 
party in 1813, but declined leaving bis com- 



mand. In the fall of 1815 he was again elected 
to the legisl.; in 1816 was app, commiss. to 
negotiate a treaty with the Indians; in 1817 
was again commiss. to conclude treaties with 
other tribes; and again elected a member of 
the legisl., and speaker of the honse; again in 
1819 was returned to the -same body; and M.C. 
in 1823-9. While gov. he met with an acci- 
dent hy which lie was horribly bruised and 
maimed, and from the effects of which he never 
recovered. 

McArthur, John, brev. maj.-gen. U. S. 
Vols., b. parish of Erskine, Renfrewshire, Scot- 
land, Nov. 17, 1826. He worked in his father's 
blacksmith-shop till 23, when he emig., and 
settled in Chicago. Here, after working at 
boiler-making, he opened a boiler-factory of' his 
own. Capt. of a militia company when the 
civil war broke out, he was soon chosen licut.- 
col. and then col. 12th III. Vols. He com. a 
biigade at the battle of Fort Donclson ; and, for 
gallantry on that occasion, was made brig.-gen. 
of vols. Mar. 21, 1862. He was wounded at 
Shiloh ; com. a division of McPherson's corps 
in the operations against Vicksburg ; and in 
A. J. Smith's corps at the battle of Na•^hville, 
for which he was brev. maj.-gen. 

McCall, George Archibald, brig.-gen., 
b. Phila. Mar. 16, 1802 ; d. West Chester, Pa., 
Feb. 25, 1868. West Point, 1822. Aide to Gen. 
Gaines, Apr. 1831 to 1836; capt. Sept. 1836; 
disting. under Col. Worth in Florida war; 
brev. major and lieut.-col. " for gallant and dis- 
ting. services in battles of Palo Alto and R. 
de la Palma," May 9, 1846; assist, adj.-gen. 
(rank of major'), Julv 7, 184(5; major 3d Inf. 
Doc. 26, 1847; inspNgen, June 10, 1850; re- 
signed Apr. 29, 1853, and settled in ChesterCo., 
Pa. On his return from the Mexican war, he 
was presented with a sword by the citizens of 
Phila. When the civil war broke out, Iv organ- 
ized the Pa. Reserve Corps. of 15,000 men, and 
was made brig.-gen. of vols. May 17, 1861. 
This furce was converted into a division of 3 
brigades, which he com. He planned the move- 
ment against Dranesville, Dee. 20, 18GI, which 
resulted in a brilliant victory ; June 18, 1862, 
he joined McClellan before Richmond ; was 
posted at Mecbanicsville ; and June 26 fought 
a severe battle with a greatly superior force, 
whom he repulsed; on the 27th he fell back 
to Gaines's Mill, where he held the left of the 
Union line in the des)«rate battle of that day; 
and on the evening of ihe 30tb, while reconnoi- 
tring, was captured, and, after a rigorous con- 
finement in Richmond, returned to his home in 
Chester Co., with health much impaired, about 
the middle of Aug. Aug. 26 he received a 
Bword from the citiz<'ns of Chester Co. Re- 
signed Mar. 31, 1863. Author of " Letters 
from the Frontiers," &c., Pliila. 12mo, 1868. 

McCall, Edward R., capt. U. S. N., b. 
Charleston, S.C , Aug. 5, 1790; d. Burden- 
town, N.J. , July 31, 18.53. Midshipman Jan. 1, 
1808; lieut. Mar, 11, 1813; and in the autumn 
of that year .served on board the brig " Enier- 
prise," com. by Lieut. Burrows. In the action 
with the British brig " Boxer," Sept. 4, 1813, 
Lieut. Burrows was mortally wounded; and the 
command devolved on Lieut. McCall, who suc- 
ceeded in capturing the enemy's ship. For 



T^ICC 



574 



tliis service he nxvivcd n pjUi nicilnl from Con- 
j;res«. Miulcr coin. Miir. 3, 18i'i; cupt. Mar. 
3, IMS. 

McCall, Hcon. innjor U. S. A., b. S. C. 
ITfiT; .1 iSiiviinmili, Cii . July 9. 1824. Eii- 
^i;;n of inf. Miiv 12, l"y-»; (le|). pajm.-p-n. 
Jnn. 31, ISOO; ei{|)<- Au|{. 1!<IK); iiiilita'rr storv- 
keopcr lit Srtvuniiali, .Mar. 31, 1818, iit (Charles- 
Ion, S.C., -Miiv, 1821. He yah. "A History of 
Gior.-in,"2 voN. 8vo. 1816. 

McCalla, Damll. D.I). (S.C. Coll.), b. 
X.'-liaiiiiiiv. 1*11. 1748; d. \Va|)|>ctaw, S.C, 
Apr. li, 1809. N.J. Coll 1766. Liceiiscil to 
preach 20 July, 1772. He laucht an acad. in 
I'hila. ; was ord. pastor of N. Providence and 
Charlesion, I'a., in 17J4; was chaplain with 
Gen. Thomson, onil captured at Trois Kiviires, 
in 1776. Alter his exchange, at the close of 
the year, he tau;;ht an »ead. in Hanover Co. 
He was 21 years rainisier of the Cone- ehunh 
at Wap(>etaw, S.C, ami was a learned and elo- 
quent, as well as a useful man. His sermons 
and essavs, wiih a Mio bv Hollint'shciid, were 
puh. in 2 v.ds., 1810. 

McCaul, Ukv. J., D.I)., an eminent Ca- 
nmlian scholar, h. Duhlin ab. 1810. At Trin- 
ity Cull, he obtained the hi;^hest honors, and 
was classical tutor and examiner. In Nov. 
1838 he was app. primipal of the Upper Can- 
ada Coll., entering ujon its duties in Jan. 
1809; in 1842 viceprc<. of Kiii^-s Coll., and 
prof, of elassirs, logic, rhetoric, and belles-let- 
tres ; pres. of the U. of Toronto, lornierly 
KiUL'sColl. ; in 1849, and since 1853, pres. of 
University Coll. Toronto, and viceH-haneellor 
of the U. of Toronto Author of l)i>quisitions 
on the Gnik Tragic Metres, the Iloraiian Me- 
tres, Scansion of the Heiuba and Medea of 
I'.uripides, lectures on Homer and Vir:;il, and 
has edited some of tlic classics, also a Canadi- 
an monthly, the Mn/jie-Lni/, and an interesting 
article on Latin inscriptions in the Caniidioii 
Journal, He is also composer of some anthems 
and other pieces of niu>ie. — Moryun. 

McCauley, Charles Stewart, com. 
Us N , b. I'a. 1793; d. Washington, 21 May, 
lSi'.9. Midshipm, 16 Jan. 1809; lieut. 9 l)ii. 
1814; com. 3 .Mar. 1831 ; copt. 9 Uee. 1839. 
Nephew of Adm. Stewart. At the breaking- 
out <>r the KebcUion, he com. the Norfolk Navy 
Yard, and de-tioyed the property there to 
prevent its falling into rebel hands. 

McCaulle, Thomas Harris, D.D. ; d. 
Savannah, Ga., ab. 1800. N.J. Coll. 1774. 
He wa~ in 1776 onl. a Prcsbvt. minister in the 
western counties of N.C, and was several years 
pres. of the ccdi. at Wayneslwrough, S. C 
Kininent for eloi|ucnce and fur classical and 
scientitie ktiMwIedge. 

UcClellan, Georoe, M.D. (U. of Pa. 

1819), phvsician, b. Wotwlstock, Ct., Dec. 23, 
1796; d."Phila. Mav 9, 1847. Y.C 1816. 
In 1825 I>r. McClellan. with a few able coad- 
jutors, founded in Phila. the Jeff. Med. Coll., 
and in 1839 that of Pa. at Gettysburj;. He 
was remarkably successful as a practitioner, 
particularly renowned as a surgeon, and 
iviiitred great boldness and originality in his 
uhmIc of action. He was prof, of surtery in 
j.fT. Coll. in 1826-38, ami at tielty.burg in 
1839-43; was popular as a Icctutvr; (»ulrib. 



largely M the mi-il. journals; and lefk l>chind 
him a work, which was puh. aber his deci'ase, 
on the Principles and Practice of Surgerj-. — 
HrxM'i Mfl. Itiuj. 

McClellau, Gen. Geuroe 'Brinto<«, b. 

Phil.i. Dec. 3, 1826. U. of Pa. 1842. West 
Point, 1846. Son of the preceding. Ordered 
to Mexico, as litut. of sapiars, miners, and 
pontoniers. At the siege of Vera Crui he was 
in Worth's division, ami was coinmeniled in 
the ofiieial reports ; lie was specially mentioned 
for gallantry at Ccrru Gordo and Mexico cilv ; 
at Contreras and Churubiisco he won the 
brev. of 1st lieut., and at Mulino del Key that 
of capt., which he declined, but accepted it for 
meritorious conduct at Chapiiltepcc. In 1847 
he took com. of his company, with which, after 
the war, he was sent to West Point as instruc- 
tor of bayonet-exercise. His " Manual " trans- 
lated from the French, bccanic the text-liook of 
the service. In 1852 he aceomp. Capt. 11. B. 
Marcy (now his falherin-law) on an cx|ied. 
to explore the Red Kiver; and in Sept., with 
Gen. C. F. Smith, as senior engr. surveyed the 
rivers and harbors of Texas. In Apr. 1853 
he was detailed for the examination of the 
western par»of the proiioscd line of a route fur 
a Pacific Railroad. He explored the Yakina 
Pass, and various ](oriions of the Cascade 
range, and the most direit route to Puget's 
Sound ; his i-e|iort forming the 1st vol. of" Pa- 
cilic Railroad Surveys," pub. by govt. His next 
service was a secret mission to San Domingo; 
1st lieut. July, 18.'i3 ; capt. l^t Cavalry, March, 
1854. In the spring of 1855 he was'sent with 
Majors Delatield and Mordecai to Kuropc to 
study the organization of European armies, and 
observe the war in the Crimea, ("apt. MeClcl- 
lan's rejiort on " The Armies of Kuro|ic " was 
rejiiib. in Phila. in 1861. Resigning in Jan. 
1857, he acted 3 years as vice pres. and engr. 
of the 111. Central Railroad ; then became gen. 
supt. of the Ohio and Mpi Railroad, and, two 
months later, pres. of the eastern division of 
the same road. When civil war broke out, he 
was made maj-gen by the gov. of Ohio, and 
took com. of the vols, of Ohio, Ind., and III. 
in the dept. of the Ohio. A brief cam|>aign 
followed, during uhieli, in June and July, the 
whole of N. \V. Va. was cleared of Confcd. 
troops. July 22, he was onlered to lake com. 
of the national troops on the Potomac: was 
made maj.-geu. of the regular anny, dating 
from May 14; and on the retirvincnt of Gen. 
Scott, Nov. I , he Was app. gen.-iiwhief. Mar. 
6, 1862, a general advance was oiderid to Ma- 
nassas Junction. The Confederates having 
evacuated that place, he embarked his main 
body for the peninsula. Yorktown was evacu- 
ated May 4. after a siege of 1 month. Mean- 
while, he was relieved of all hi^ commands ex- 
cept that of the Army of the Potomac. After 
the defeat of the Confederates at Williamsburg 
and Hanover Court House, he took up a posi- 
tion on the Chickahoininy ; finding his line 
loo iniieh extended, he resolved to retreat to 
the James River. The whole of this ditli. ult 
llauk movement/ liegun June 27. was a eunlin" 
uous battle. July 2, they reaiheil a position 
of safety at Harrison's Lamling on the Jatae<, 
where, protected by the guaboat<, they rciuained 



MCC 



575 



MCC 



t>ntil Aug. 24 : the army was then with- 
drawn in safety, Gen. Pope effecting a diversion 
in MeC'lellan's favor by a inovejnent toward 
Kichniond from the north At the close of 
Gen. I'ope's Va. cani]jttij.'n, he resumed his old 
command. When Gen. Lee invaded Md., .Me- 
Clellan attacked and defeated him in the bat- 
tle of Aniic:tam, Sept. 17 ; but, on the following 
day, Lee safely recrossed the Potomac. Fail- 
ing seasonably to resume operations, though 
expressly ordered so to do, he was relieved of 
his com. Kov. 7, and resigned his com. in the 
army 8 Xov. 1864. A commission to investi- 
gate the surrender of Harper's Ferry, Sept. 1.5, 
severely censured Gen. MeClellan for lailing 
to relieve or protect th it place. He was the 
nnsuciessful Dernoc. candidate for the presi- 
dency in 1864. Besides the works above men- 
tioned. Gen. JlcClellan has written " Regula- 
tions and Instru'tions for the Field-Service of 
the U. S. Cavalry in Time of War," "Euro- 
pean Cavalry," and " Report on the Org. and 
Campaigns of the Armv of the Potomar " &c., 
l2mo, N.Y., ISU. — iieeCi/e of McClellaii, bi, 
Geo. S. llUlnrd. 

McClellandjRoBERT, statesman, b. Green 
Cattle, Franklin Co., Pa., 1807. Adm. to the 
bar in 1831 ; practised law at Pittsburg in 
18.33; removed to .\Iiih., and established him- 
self at Monroe. He was an ardent, able, and 
eloquent member of the convention which 
formed the constitution of Mich, in 18.35, pre- 
paratory 10 her admission into the Union ; and 
served several years in the State legisl., being 
speaker of the house in 1843; M.C. 1843-9; 
gov. of Mich, in 1852 and '53 ; and was sec. of 
the interior in 1853-7. Practises law in De- 
troit. 

McClernand, John Alexavder, maj.- 
gen. voU , b. IJr. ckenridge Co., Ky., May 30, 
1812. His father dying in 1816, hi's mother re- 
m'jved to Shawncetown. 111., where he worked 
on a farm. He was adm. to the bar in 1832 ; 
volunteered in the war a:.'ainst the Sacs and 
Foxes, and then engaged in trade. In 1835 
he established the Shawncetown iJ'mocrat; re- 
sumed the practice of law ; w.is a member of 
the legisl. in 1>;36. '40, and '42; and was M.C. 
in 1843-51. In 18G0 he was chosen to Con- 
gress from the Springfield dist., and served 
until the opening of civil war, when be re- 
signed, returned to III., and, with Cols. Logan 
and Fonke, raised the McClernand brigade. 
Made brig -gen. Slay 17, 1861; he aceomp. 
Gen. Grant to Belmont; greatly (listing, him- 
self at Fort Donelson; was made maj.-gen. 
March 21, 1862; com. adivision at the battle 
of Sliiloh 6-7 April ; succeeded Gen. Sherman 
as com. of an army in Mpi. in Jan. 1863; 
and was disting at Ark. Post, Port Gibson, 
Champion Hills, Big Black River, and V^ieks- 
barg Hi: com the 13th army corps at the 
time of bis re-ignation, 30 N.)T. 1864. 

MeClintOCk, Siit Fr.\nci9 LEOPOr.D, 
/irciic explorer, b. Dundalk, 1819. Entering 
the navy ah. 1831, he became a lieut. in 1845; 
aceomp. Ross's exped. in search of Sir John 
Franklin in 1848-9; dieting, himself in subse- 
quentexpeiis. ; and performed remarkable teats 
in sledgc-irivclliiig. Sent by Lndy Franklin 
in 1857 in " fhe Fox," in a final search for tid- 



ings of Sir John ; in May, 1859, he«found at 
Point Victory, on King William's Island, the 
record of Franklin's death, and the remains of 
the last survivors of bis party Reiurning in 
Sept. 1859, he was knighted, and received va- 
rious honors and rewards. Author of a 
" Narrative of the Discovery of the Fate of 
Sir.;ohn Franklin," 1860. 

M ' Clintock, Joh.v, D.D., LL.D., cler- 
gyman, b. Piiila. 1814; d. Madison, N. J., 4 
Mar. 1870. U. of Pa. 18-35. He became a 
member of the N. J. Conf., and, after hiing 
a short time in the Meth. ministry, was in 
1837 elected prof, of mathematics in Dick 
Coll., and was in 1839 transferred to the chair 
of ancient languages. While at Carjisle, he 
translated, with Blumenihal, Neander's " Life 
of Christ," and, with Prof. Crooks, began a 
series of Latin and Greek text-books. He 
edited the ilah. Qnarlerli/ Review in 1848-56, 
wlien he was app. a delegate of his churh to 
the English, Irish, French, and German confer- 
ences. He was also present at the World's 
Convention at Berlin in 1856. On bis return 
he was elected pres. of the Troy U., and was a 
short time pastor of St. Paul's Church, New 
York. In June, I860, he sailed for Paris to 
take charge of the American chapel ihere. 
Pres. of the. Drew Theol. Scm., XLidison, 
N.J., from its organization in 1S67, until his 
death. For several years he was, in connection 
with Dr. Strong, preparing a " Cyclop of Sa- 
cred Literature," 3 vols, of which have been 
pub. He pub. "Analysis of Watson's Theol. 
Institutes,' " Temporal Power of the Pope," 
and " Sketches of Eminent Methodist Minis- 
ters," 8vo, 1854, and edited Bungener's " Hist, 
of the Council of Trent," 1855. 

McClintOCk, S.iiirEL, D.D. (Y.C. 
1791), divine, b. Medford, Ms, M.iv I, 17.32; 
d. (ireenhiTid, N.H., Apr. 27, 1804. N. J. 
Coll. 1751. Ord. at Greenland, Nov. 3, 1756. 
A chaplain in the Old French War, and also 
chaplain of the N.H. troops in 1775 ; and was 
at the bat'le of Bunker's Hill, Trumbull's pic- 
ture of whii h makes him a prominent figure. 
Three of his sons fell in the struggle for liber- 
ty. He pub. occasional sermons, and an ora- 
tion commemorative of Washington, 1800. — 
N.E. H nnd IJm. /?(•'/. i. 249, x. 100. 

McCIoskey, Jo'hk, D.I)., R C. archbp. 
of X.Y. (coiisee. 21 Aug. 1864), b. Brooklyn, 
N.Y. Ord. bishop of Axieren and co-adj ' to 
Bishop Hughes of N.Y. 10 Mar. 1844; trans- 
lated to ihe see of Albany 21 May, 1847, offi- 
ciating at the Cathedral of St. Mary's. He in- 
stituted a female orph. asylum at Troy, and an- 
other, in 1852, in Albany, and in 1855' at Uiica, 
an acad. for boys. He is one of the most pol- 
isher! and eloquent of the R.C clergy in the U.S. 
McCluney, William J , commo. U.S.N., 
h. Pa. 1790; d. Brooklyn, N.Y., Feb. 11, 
1864. Midshipm. Jan. 1, 1812; was in the 
aciion between the "Wasp" and "Frolic," 
Oct. 18, 1812; lieut. Apiil I, 1818; com. 
Dec. 9, 1839 ; capt. Oct. 13, 1831 ; commo. July 
16, 1862, when he was retiivd. In 1853 he 
com. " The Powhatan," in Com. Perry's exped. 
to Japan. In 1856 he was app. supervisor of 
the coii»truction of the " Stevens Battery," at 
New York. 



r.76 



MCC 



McClune, Col. Alkxanuer K., lawviT, 
h. .M.i-oii To , Kv., ftb. 1S12 ; .1. hv lii»own li'iii.l 
«t .I.i.k:...!!, M|>i., 23 Miir. isji. Ni'iilicw of 
Cli. Jii>liei:' .Marslmll ; son of Jiul^'C Win. 
McCluiitf. When a Iml, he enli^icil in the 
niiry ; uflcrtrani .itudicil lnw, ami jiriKli'ol in 
M|ii. ; wiij H lieut.-<'ul. in ih- Jioxieiin wiir, 
nnil >liui:;i'rou»lr wouniliMl at Monterey ; nml in 
1849-51 was cfiary/ iTajTaim to Bolivia. He 
delivencl an able culoKinni on Hcnrv Cluv, 
nt the Slate Cii|iitol in 1853. A bro. John A. 
is ihe nntlinr of " Sketches of Western AJven- 
ture," l2mo. I'hila. 1832. 

McClure, Alexasdkr Wilson, D.D., 
CoiiK. cl.T«.\inan. b. Boston, May 8, 1808; d. 
Canonsbiirtj, I'a., 20 Sejit. 18C.5.' Ainh. Coll. 
1827. Ami Seni. 1830. Onl at Mnlclen 18.32; 
preached there 11 venri ; then in St. Aujfus- 
tinc, Fla. ; rclurneil lo Boston, where he pub. 
anil edited the Christian O/mrriatoiy 3 years ; 
was assi.'it. editor of the PiiriUin ticconli r 3 
years ; ai;ain prvaclicd o few years at Maiden ; 
was 3 years pastor of the Grand-street Church, 
Jersey City ; siicceedeil Dr. B,iirdas sec. of the 
Aiiier. and For. Christian Union ; was some 
time chaplain at Rome; but in Mar. 1859 was 
com|M.'lled b\- the asthma to desist from active 
labor. Aiiilior of " The LifeBoat," " Four 
Lectures on Ultra Universali»m," 2 vols, of 
" Lives of the Chief Fathers of N. E.," 
" Translators Heviewed." and principal eil. of 
the ■• Bl-Ccntcnnial Book of Maiden," ISJO. 

McClure, David. D.n. (I).C. lS03),rain- 
istiT ol N. ilampton, X.ll.. from Nov. 13, 
1776, to Ami:. 30. 1 78.1, ami of K. Windsor, 
Ci., from 1786 to bis death, June 25, 1820; b. 
Brooklicid, Ms., 1749. Y.C. 1769. lie pub. 
with Dr. Parish " Memoirs of K. AVliceloik," 
8vo, 1810; "24 Sermons on the Moral Law," 
8vo, 1818; an account of Windsor in " Hist. 
Colls.," v.; Oration 1 Nfay, 1783, at the o|>en- 
in;; of Phillips Exeter Aciid. ; and occasional 
sermons. 

McCluro, Gi:n. George, b. »iear London- 
derry, Ireland, 1771 ; d. Kl^-in, III., Aug. 16. 
1851. Eiiii;;raiin!; to Baltimore in 1791, he 
settled in Baih, N.Y., in 17U4, and removed to 
III. in 1835, where he took an active ))art in 
the enterprises and public questions of the day ; 
and was member of the icKisl., sheritf, surro- 
gate, ami judije of Steulien Co. In 1813 he 
com. a briuaile on the Budalo frontier, and was 
severely censured for the burning of Newark 
(afterwards Niapara). 

MacClure, Sir Rudgrt Jons Le Me- 
st RiKU. oapi. 1{. N., b. WcxTiird, Ireland, 23 
Jan K>'o7. Was knifhted, and (.-iven .£5,000, 
for his discovery of ihe N W. passage, which 
has been sought for3 centuries. (Sec " Di-i-ov. 
N.W. Passa;:e, bv II. M. S. ' Invotigalor,' 
Capt. R. MacClure,' 1850-4," Uind. 8vo, 1856 ) 
He had m-rved many years in the navy ; was in 
Capt Buck's arctic explorin;;cxp<'d. ; accomp. 
Sir James lioss'sixpcd. in 1848; Itecamc a capt. 
in 1849; anil in 1850-1 eniereil n strait, which 
he nameil the Prince of Wales Strait ; and. after 
his ship was frozen in, reached in sled:;es Mel- 
villesor Bamiws Strait. This is called ihe first 
discovery of the N.W. passage. In the next 
sea.-oin he discovered a sccoml passage OD the 
north side of Baring Island. 



UcClur^, Jamus, .M.D, physi-ian, Ix 
nanipiun. \ a.. 1747; d. Richmond, Julv 9, 
1825. Win. and Marv Cull. 1702. Son of 
Dr. Walter. Took Ibe degn-e of M.D. at 
Kdinburgb, in June, 1770, and eontiiuie«l bis 
studies at Paris and I.oiiilon, where he pub. 
his ■• Essay on Bile," which was so highly 
esteemed a.s to lie translated into all the lan- 
gnagi-s uf Euro|x". Keturning home ab. 1773, 
he established hiin.scll ai Williain.shur^, where 
ho soon rose lo ilic bead of the prof, but re 
moved to Richmonil ab. 1 783. He n as a lonf 
time one of the Council of .Stale in Va., and 
was a member of the conveniion that formed the 
U S. Constitution. He was killed by his horses 
running away. Author of some plea.^ing IVrs 
(/•■ .s'uriVJ^ eiiiitli'd " The Belles of Willianis- 
burg." written in 1777. — Tlinrh-r. 

UcClurg, JosKPii W., solilier and politi- 
cian, b. St. Louis Co., Mo., Feb. 22, 1819. 
Kilucaieil at Oxford Coll., O. ; was a teecher 
in La. and Mpi. in 1835-7; went lo Texas in 
1841, where lie was adm. to the bar, and was 
clerk of the Circuit Court ; and settled as a 
merchant in .Mo., in 1844. In ISCl he suffered 
from rel>el depreilatiuiis upon his pr<i|icrty ; 
l>ccame col. of the Osage regt., and afterward 
of a cav. regt. Mcinl>er of the State conv. of 
1862; M.C 186.3-9; gov. of .Mo. 1869-72. 

MoColl, Evan, a Canadian poet, h Ken- 
more, Scotland, Sept. 21, 1808. In 1837 he 
be^an lo contrili. to the Gutlic Mnnazinr, 
Glasgow. He came to Canada in 1850, and 
holds a |iost at the port of Kin;:sioii. He 
ha.s pub " Poems and Songs in Gaelic," and 
" The Mountain Minstrel." He excels a-s • 
song-writer. Among his best songs are 
" Robin," " Lake of the Thousand I-les," and 
" Bomiei, Kit, and Feather." — .l/un/mi. 

McConaughy, David. D.D. (Jcff. Coll. 
18.).!). LI..D. (Wa-h Coll. 1849), prcs. of 
Washinmon Coll. Pa. (1832- '.S). b. .\li-nallcn, 
York Co., Pa., 29 Sept. 1775; d. there Jan. 
29, 1852. Dick. Coll. 1795. Pastor of Up|ier 
Marsh Creek Chun-li, Pa., 1810-.J2. He Liughl 
a school at Gettysburg in 1807-12. Author 
of " Discourses, Cliiclly Biogru|ihical," 1850, 
and some sermons." — .'s;ir,if;Me 

Uacconnoll, .lonv L., author, b. 111. 
Nov. 11. IS26 He siuilicd law under lii> l.i- 
tlier, Murrav Maccunncll, and grad. at the Law 
School of "f ransy'v. U in Lexington, Ky. Ho 
sen'cd in Hardin's regt. in the Mexican war; 
and after the battle of Bucna Vista, where ho 
was twice wounded, became capt. Re-com- 
mencing the praciice of law at Jackionville, 
he has since re^i■lell there. He is a » riier of 
fiction illustrating Western life and character, 
and has pub. "Talbot and Vi rnon," IS.'iO ; 
" Grahame, or Youth and .Mnnhooil," IS.'iO; 
" The Glcnn.s," 1851 ; and " Western diame- 
ters," illustr. by Darley, 1853. He is engaged 
n|ion a " Hist, of Early Explorations in Amer- 
ica," having especial reference to the lalion) of 
the curly K.C. missionaries. — ihij/cliiick. 

McdoOk, ALb.\ANDER McDilWKLL, hn-T. 

maj -gen. U.!<..\.,b Columbiana Co.,0.. Apr. 
22,1831. West Point. 1852. Entering the .'Id 
Inf, he serve<l with disiinciion against tlic I'ldi- 
ans in New Mexico in 1857 : was a»>ist. in-tr. 
of tactics at West Point 1S5S-('.I : Isi li.ut 



MCC 



577 



Bee. 6 1858; capt. May 14, 1861 ; col. 1st 0. 
ot Bull Run ; bri^'.-gen. vuls. Sept. .3, 1861 ; 

r,fr'""-'ll-"-"^" i' '"■,"'''■ '^'^""S-«Shiluh 
« ' ; u' r' "'"' "' '"'<= *"<=»« «f Corinth. 1,1 
bipt. he took com. cf the 1st corps of the Annv 

O..', s ' I «"; "'L'' *'"""'" ""' '"""'' «'■ I'l^rrvville. 
<-'<!, 8, 1862 ; he com. the right wnur of the ar 
njy which was discornfite,! at Stone Kivcr, Dec. 
fl P in.? • ^ """ -'■"•■rward placed in com. of 
tlie-'Oih army corps, and was in the battle of 
Chi^kamauga 19-20 Sept. 186.3 Brev. col. 
for Shiloh; hr,K..jen. for I'erryville. and maj,- 

fol 10,1, n''s"r%''»"'= "'^ Rebellion; lieut.- 
McCook, r),VN, hri-'-m-n ' vols h Pa- 

rollton, v., -A July,' 1834" 1.- il'ed a -kenelw 

Florence Coll., Ala., 18.57. Col. 52d (>. Vols ■ 

M fior' ?) V ^u'",'" C"™paiKn. The fathe,-, 
w,;V?, 1 "■^^'F',''; ''96, d. 19 July, 186.3, of 
wounds ,vce,v,.d in the f5:;ht with Morc4,,-s 
men, near BuffinKton Island O '^"i^o"" ^ 

T,r,^.Hf^°°?' ^^°'""''' r-^^'"'M, bro. of the 
preceding br,g. -gen. voN., h. Columbiana Co 

A ?Ki^^V"ri""'™ '""■='■' "'■"'■ Sal'-™. Ala., 
an fri;, f„ ,• ^ P''"«is«<' b»v at Columbus 
and Cincinnati ; became col. 9th Ohio Vols • 

u iX Cen r'"" """' "'■""= "" ™™- " ''''S^de 
uiuei (_,en. Rosecian»; and esneci-lli- fiis?;^™ 

himself nt Rich Mount'ain, C^rK^er'^'Lifci 

Mil Spring, Ky, Jan. 19, 1862 ■ was made 

bng.-ge,,. Mar. 21; and com. a'd vliorin 

Thomas's Corp., of Gen. Buell's army. Thi" 

family contributed 16 of its membe/s to the 

h. f>t. Mathew s Par„l,,. S.C, Jan. 1797 • d 
Columb,..,s.C., Ma.vio, ,8,^5. g. 6 Coll 
1816. Adm. to the bar in 1818, he became 
law.partner of Wm. C. Pi-e.^ton in 1822 S 
reporter in 824 he reported the decisions bo,^ 
7 (2 4 ;"o°' tr H^ '""' '''^ J^l-'^' '" '^^25- 

Zf " '^■f83°9 h ''■"" '""' ""= *^' ^'"'^-- 
™,, V? '^'^S he was app. compiler and editor 
o the Statutes at Large of S.C. (10 vols 8 vo) 
Many years a member of the State Ic-isi and 

oi i^angdoii Cheves, became a successful rn, 
<on.p!ai.,er, and a contrib. of ar cles on „o° ' 

y"w nrto')5''/."""7;'^- '" "- *"'^-' 

Jteiieii and to /M bows lieview. He did ini„-h 
to impn.ve ilie Siate judiciary s^tem He 

wiih I i V f .',?• ■* '■"'*• 8vo, 1822-30; 

c;^/^^.^siu?i'^^^,f^-i^consti: 
n»i^.;^b^"^«i;n^:r-^"^?: 

>n 182J; made dist. judge in 1841; subse- 
quen ly ajudge of the Circuit Ct., and' in 857 
of the Supenor Ct. of the Montreal dist. In 
the rebellion of 1837 he com. a brigade of 



MCC 



S" ,• .A °°'^- ' cbance lor of the U of 
Bishops' Coll., Lenno.Kville 
MactSOrd, LoLiSA S., authoress, b. Co- 

CI?' vc!' ^-^^f' ''^; A^' V*'°' """■ ofiangdo"„ 
Uieves; wife of D. J. Maccord. Sli- was 
educated in Pbila. Marrying in 1840 "be 
soon after went with her luTsband to the ? 
plantation at Fort Motte on the Con.'aree a 
site noted in the Revolution. In 1848 she 

,-^ iLi il* *'"1 °'^ "'^ Protective Policy;" 
m 1S51 she produced her tragedy of " Caius 
fj.'^''% "."J ''»« been a contrib. to he 

I:;; :;: t'""";'> ""' '""'"'i ^^'--. -i ti,: 

McCprmiek, Cvehs Hall, inventor of 
the reaping-machine, b. Walnut Grove, Ro ckb 
Co., Va 15 Feb. 1809. His education was 
derived from a common school, and f,o,n his 
fathers farm and workshop, in which at 15 he 
had constructed a aadle used i„ harvcs i,,,, in 
the field. His father in 1816 liad ivcS a 
reai^r; and Cyrus in 18.31 invemcd his ma 
chine, which he first patented in 1834 patem- 
'."o*: J" M " '■nP'">''-->"ents in 1845, '47 a..d 
in 1847 'pi'""™'^ to Cincinnati in 184.5, and 
ot the Anier. Institute was nwardcl to him for 
US invention ; at the World's Fair Exh b i„ 

of the L.xh.b. ; the g.and gold medal of the 
lari.sE.>:po»monofl855; the prize medal of 
the Lond. Intern. Exhib. of 1862; the first 

86.3, hego d medal of that at Hamburg in 
1863 ; (roin the U.S. Nat. Agiic. S.x;. at Svra 
ouse the grand gold medal of honor in 1857 
he gold me,ial of the Pa.is Kxpos. o. 1867,' 
and the order of the Legion' ol Honor fron 
Aapo Icon III. In 1859 he founded and e 
dowed the Theol. Sem. of the North-wa't at 
Chicago and lias since endowed a professor 
ship in Wash. Coll., Va. - 5tec/,.s o/ V« "> 

McCosh, James, D.D., LL D (Hu 

■868).pres. of N.J. Coll. since 1868," b.'l^: 
sl.i,e, Scotland. 181 1. Lducuteil at the Univer- 
sities of Gla.sgow and K,li„b.irgh. He became 
a minister of ti.e Free Church Z( Scotland aid 

theMmd/'&c.l86uI'..l^:;,i,Jr:;il^ 
Mills Philosophy,- 1866; and. wi.l, Dr. Geo 
Uickie. Typical Forms and Special Kuds m 
Crcaiion." 1869 ; -The Supernatural in llelj 
tion to the Natural," 1862; and has contrib. to 
various periodicals. 
MeCoskey, Samuel Alle.v. D D 

nick r'l/'^'i' ''■ rn''t' ^"•' " ^°'- '*'«■ 
IJick Coll Son of Dr. Samuel A. ; grand.sou 

01 Or. Nisbet. 1st pres. Dick. Coll. Alter one 

vear at West Point Aead. and his coll. course 

he read law; was adm. to the bar; was 2 veai.s 

dep ntty.gen. ofCumb. Co.; in 1831 bei;an 

to study diviiiity ; was ord. deacon and prie,t; 

was lector of Christ Ch., Reading p' „i,e 

}ear;_was 2 years rector of Si. Pauls, piiih,.- 

and . July, 1836, was consec. Ist bishop of 



o78 



MAC 



Mirli, ; nnit was nl<o rnllcd to St. Paul'* 
C'linrcli, Di'iruil, of which h« wiis piulor 2* 

Maccrea, Jase, h. Ix-nminKron, N. J., 
I7.'>4 ; kiili'il l>y the Indians nrur Fort ICdward, 
N v.. .Inly 2T, 1777. Siic was the dan. (if ii 
Siotih l'iv>h clergyman settled in N. J., after 
whiisc death she went to live with a bro. on the 
IIiiiNnn lliver. near Kort Kdward. The iriva- 
fion of Buryoyne caused her liro. to |ire|iarc to 
n-ek a plMce of »afeiy ; hut, on tlie nioriiin;; of 
the day of removal, a parly of ho«iilc Indians 
niaiie prisoners of Mrs. McXrel and Mi^s Mac* 
crea, and hurried them off to lJur){oyne'siainp. 
Soon after the safe arrival of Mrs. McNiel, 
another party of Indians came in with some 
Iresli scalps, amon^ thini one which she readily 
knew to he that of Miss Miiccrea. The event 
uuuseil a (.'cneral feeling of horror thniugli the 
country, ami even in Europe; Bnd Burke uscil 
the story with powerful ctfect in the British 
house ol commons. 

McCullocb, Bks., soldier, b. Huiherford 
Cn., I'.-hii , 1.114 ; killed in the l)atile of Pea 
Ki.lue, Mar. 7. 1862. Son of Alexander MeCcd- 
loch, Hide to (jen. Coffee in Creek war, 181.1- 
14. lie attended school in Tenn. until he was 
14, when he lollowed the career of a hunter 
Einignwing to Texas, he fought as a private 
artillerist at San Jncinto, and was n capt. of 
rangers in the Mexican war. lie dieting, him- 
selfat Monterey ; was made f|uar(erin. (rank of 
miij ) Jii'.y 10. '1840; IkI. I the office till Sej.t. 6, 
1S47, I'ouiiuanding meanwhile a spy company 
at the battle of Buena Vista, where he gained 
new l.uinls. He afterward joined (jeii. S -ott's 
army ; and, for gallant con<lu<'t at the taking 
of liic city of Mexico, was made marshal of 
Texas in Apr. 185t; declined the app. id'inaj. 
Isl Cav. Mar. .1, ISo.'i ; anil was app. a eommi-s. 
by Pres. Buchanan to adjust the difficulties 
w'itli the Mormons in Uuih in May, 1857. App. 
brig.-gi'n. of the forces of Ark., he cora. at the 
battle of Wilson's Creek, Mo., Ang. 10, 1861, 
when Gen. Lyon was killed ; and und^ r Gen. 
Van Dorn Icil a corps of Ark., La., and Te.xas 
troops at IVa Kidge, falling in the second day's 
haiile. 

McCullocb, Ilnoii, financier, b. Kcnnc- 
huiik. .Me. Siiidied at Bowd. Coll. in 1824-5, 
but left on account of ill-health ; was adin. to 
the practice of law, and settled at Fort Wayne. 
Ind., in 183') ; was an officer of the State Bank 
of Ind. ill 18.'l.')-.57, and its jircs. in 1857-C3; 
L'.S. compt.'of the currency 186.3-5 ; sec. U.S. 
trens. 18G.'i-9; since one of the banking-linn 
of Jay Cooke and MeCulloch, I>ond. 

McCurdy, Ciiahlks .Iohxsos, LL.I). 
(Y C.),jiirisi, b Lyme. Ct., 7 De.-. I71>7. V.C. 
1817. Ilisciiiig. ancestor was of Scotch extrac- 
tion, and came from the north of Ireland. Mis 
iniiliier was nf the blood of the Griswold and 
Wiilcott f iniilie.s. He studied law with Judge 
Swift ; was prominent in the profession ; was 
a memlier of buth liramhes of the legisl., and 
three yean speaker of the house; lieut.-gov. 
1845-6; US minister to Austria in 1S51-2; 
in 1856 he was npp a judge of the Sii|>erior 
Cimrt ; and was snbsenuenily, niiiil 1867, U[K)n 
the Supreme l>cnch. In Feb. 1861, he was an 
■tiive ineinber of the Peace Congress. 



McDonald, Donald, a loyalist leader in 
X.C. Gov. .\l.n tin, early in the struggle, au- 
fhorizi'd him to rnise and em'iodv a force on 
the side of the crown, of wliii h NfcDunald was 
to Iw cant. -gen. His success was, at first, very 
creat. Feb 26. 1776, he was attacked by tlio 
Whigs under (ien. .Moore at Cross Creek, and 
was dcfcali d, and made prisoner. 

MacDonald, Flora, celebrated forniding 
in the e-ca|«.' of Charles Kdward the Your.g 
Pretender, b. SouthUist, Scotland, 17j() ; d. 
4 .Mar. 1790. I)au. of MacDonald of .Milton. 
Ill 1750Ahc m. Alex. MacDonuld, with whom 
she came to X.C. in 177.1, and sclllcl in Fay- 
ctteville. lie was a captain in the L<iyal lligii- 
landers ; and, alter experiencing ri'vcrses of 
various kinds, they retiiimd lo Skye, l^cotland, 
licfore the end of the Ri'vol. w ir. .She g:ivc n 
proof of her courage during an attack on the 
ship while on the voyage home, taking part 
in the action, in whii h hcrarin wasaccidentallv 
broken. Two of her sons were loyalist olS- 
officers in the It v..) war. Oncof them Jons, 
an accoinpli-hed s*-hohir. lii'iit.-<-iil., and u fel- 
low of the Itovnl SiH-., d. 16 Ang. 18.11, n. 72. 

Macdooald, James, Ml)., phv-iei:in, b. 
While Plain-. N.V., Julv 18. lS()1;'d. Flush- 
ing. L I.. -May 5, 1849.' Coll. of Phys. ami 
Siir;:s., N.V.. 1825. Until IS.Ki be was 'n.-.id'.'nt 

Iihy-iciaiiof the Bloomingdale Lunatic Asylum. 
n'lS-ll the govs, of the N.V. Hospital' M-nt 
him abroad to visit the insane hospitals of ICu- 
rope; and on his n-iurii he bad charge of the 
a.-vlum until 1837. Hewas for4 vcar.s a visit- 
ing phy-i.i;in of the X.Y. Hospital In 1841 
he o|icncd a private insiitiitiun for thi insane, 
first at .Murray Hill, and »ulis<'i|uenilr at Flush- 
ing. In 1842 he la!gaii a coiir-c of ioimes on 
menial diseases at the Coll. ol Phys ami Siir.;.s., 
probably the first ever dcliveivd iiiilieUS. 
He pub. •• A Ueview of Feirvrs ini Insanity ; " 
" Statistic!! of the Blooiniiigd.de Asvlutii," 
1839 ; •' A Uuter to llie Tru-tces -.f the N.Y. 
State Lunatic Asylum, "1842; "A Dis-scrtatioii 
on Puerperal Insanity ; " " Ueports on tlic Con- 
dition ol the Blackwcll's Islanil A.syluni." lie 
was nciiiitrib to the .liii r.Joiii- of Iiivinili/. 

MacDonald, J \V£» M., D.D.. b. Limeri-k, 
Me, 1812. Cii. Coll. 1832. Son of M:ij.-Gcn. 
John.MacDMiiald. Or.l. Cong. min. 18.15. lul 
fir some years pastor of the Urst Presh. 
Church, Priiic ton, X.J. Author of " Credu- 
litv as illiistrntcd bv .Siiccc-ssful Iniiiosiyri's." 
&c., 1843 ; " Kcv to Revelation," 1.846 ; " Hist, 
of the Prc-li. Chun h of Jamaica, L.I.," 1947; 
"My Father's House," 1855; " Kcdesiastcs 
Explained." I8.'.6. lie lias pub. .sermons in 
the .\ul hm ,ln-, and contiib. to the lillj. 
liri^,!,,,!/ and the Pnhrrlo.i I;.ii-f. — Allilviir. 

Macdonald, Stii Jons Allxandeii, 
LL.I). DC.L. (U.\on.). G.<' B., C.iiiadian 
siatcsninn. Ii. SiitlierhiniMiiic, Scutland, 1814. 
Hugh his latlicr si ttlcd in King-ton in 1820. 
Th' son wascalleil tothcbarin 1835 ; became n 
inemla'r of parliament in 1844; ri'cci\i r-gi-n. 
May 21, 1847; soon alterward coniini-s. of 
crownlands; and from 1818 to I854 was a 
conservative lender ol the op|Mi.iiion in the 
Canadian pailiamenl. In 1857 he in-cn me pre- 
mier ; resigned Slay, 1 802 : ntty. -gen. 1854-02, 
and May, 1864-7 ;' minister of miliiia 1865-7. 



m:cx> 



579 



]vicr> 



He was leader of the conservative party of 
U|)pur Camilla ; is an able constitutional law- 
yer, ii clever tactician, and a fluent debater, 
ijliiistcr of justice, and attv.-acn. of the Dom. 
Govt, of Canada since 1367. — Man of the 

McDonogh, John, an eccentric and pH- 
lauthropic merchant, h. Baltimore, 1778; d. 
N. Orleans, Oct. 26, 1850. Riniovcd to N. Or- 
leans in 1800, where, by hard lal)or and the nar- 
rowest economy, he aniosscd immense wealth, 
the bulk of which, by his will, was given in 
equal portions to the cities of N. Orleans and 
Baltimore for the purpose of establishing free 
school-, and an asylum for the poor. A large 
sum was given to the Am. Colonization Socie- 
ty, to which he was a warm fri nd. H'j estab- 
lished a colony in Africa, to which he sent 
many of his negroes, after giving them an edu- 
cation and a trade. 

Maedonough, Thomas, commo. U.S.X., 
b.NiwCasileCo.,Del.,Dcc.23, 1783; d.at.^ea, 
Nov. 16, 1823. His father, Maj. McD. (d. 1796), 
emig. from the north of Ireland at aa early 
age, an.l was an officer of valor and distinction 
in the Del. line of the Revol. army, and after- 
ward a judge. His e'der bro. .James, a mid- 
shipman in the navy, was disting. in the action 
between " The Constellation " and " L'lusur- 
yent," frigate, but, having a foot shot off, was 
obliged to retire fi-ora the navy. Midshipm. Feb. 
5, ISOO; lient. 6 Feb. 1807 ; com. 24 July, 1813; 
and in lS03»vas attached to the frigate "Phila- 
delphia," C.apt. Bainbridge, in the squadron em- 
ployed against Tripoli. Aug. 26, 1803, was cap- 
tured the Moorish frigate "Meshboa;" and 
Madonough escaped the captivity which sub- 
sequently befell the officers and crew of " The 
Phi'.a." by being left at Gibraltar with her prize. 
He aitcnvard served in the schooner "Enter- 
prise," under Decatur, pariicipating in the vari- 
ous att-icks made in 1804 upon the city and bat- 
teries of Tripoli ; and was one of the party which 
recaptured and destroyed " The Philadelphia" 
on the night of Feb.' 16, 1804. In 1814 he 
com. a squadron on Lake Champlain ; and on 
Sept. 1 1 gained a very important victory over 
a Briiish squadron com. by Com. George 
Downie, which outnnmljcrcd his in vessels and 
guns. For this disting. sennce he was pro- 
moted to capt. (Sept. 11), and received a gold 
medal from Congress. Numerous civic honors 
w?re also bestowed on him by diftcrent cities 
and towns; and the legisl. of Vt. presented hira 
with an estate upon Cumberland Head, which 
overlooked the scene of the engagement. 

McDougall, Alexander, maj.-gen. Rev- 
ol. army, b. Scotland, 1731 ; d. N.V. June 8, 
1786. lie came to America with his father, 
who was a farmer, ab. 1755 ; settled near N. Y., 
in fl hich city his youth was passed in various 
active employments. While a printer, the ac- 
tion of the State Assembly in the winter of 
1769, in rejecting the vote by ballot, and favor- 
ably considering thi' bill of supplies for troops 
quartered in the city, to overawe the inhabit- 
ants, caused hira to issue an address, entitled 
"A Son of Liberty to the belrayed Inhabitants 
of the Colony," holding up tfnir conduct to 
just indignation. This was by vo'e of the As- 
bcnibiy declared "an infamous and seditious 



libel ; " and its author was imprisoned. Regain- 
ing Ms liljerty, he entered into corresp. with the 
master-spirits of the country, and July 6, 1774, 
presided over the celebrated meeting prepara- 
tory to the election of delegates to the First 
Congress. App. col. 1st N.Y. regt. ; brig.-gen. 
Aug. 9, 1776 ; and maj.-gen. Oct. '20, 1777. He 
superintended the embarkation of the troops on 
the evening of Aug. 29, 1776, after the defeat 
on Lon^ Island; was actively eng.agcd on Chat- 
terton's Hill, White Plains (Oct. 28), and in 
various places in N. J. ; and in the spring 
of 1777 took com. at Pcekskill, but was cont- 
pelled b}' a superior force to retreat, destroy- 
ing a considerable supply of stores JIar. 23. 
He participated in the liattle of Germantown ; 
took com. of the posts on the Hudson, Mar. 16, 
1778; and, as.-isted by Kosciusko, actively 
push d the construction of the fortifications on 
the Highbn.Is until the close of 1780. He was 
a delegate to Congress from N.Y. in 1781 and 
again in 1784-5. In the beginning of 1781 he 
was app. by Congress minister of marine, but 
did not remain long in Phila. When the army 
went into winter-quarters at Newburg in 1 783, 
he was chojen to head the committee sent to 
Congre-s to represent its grievances. At the 
time of his death he was a member of the N.Y'. 
senate, to which he was fii-st elected in 1783. 

MacDougal, David D., commo. U.S.N., 
b. Ohio, Sept. 27, 1809. Midshipm. April 1, 
1828; lieut. Feh. 25, 1841 ; com. Jan. 24, 1857; 
capt. Mar. 2, 1864; commo. 1869. Attached 
to brig " Consort," coast survey, 1840-3 ; U.S. 
steamer " Mis>;issippi " at capture of Vera 
Cruz ; com. steam-sloop " Wyoming," Asiatic 
squadron, 1861-4; engaged 6 batteries and 3 
vessels of war at Simonsaki, Japan, July 16, 
1863 ; com. navy-yard Mare Inland, Ca!., 1865- 
6; steam-sloop "Powhatan," So. Pacific squad., 
1868-9; com. South squad. Pacific fleet, 1870. 

McDougall, James A., a U.S. senator, b. 
Bethlehem, N\Y'., Nov. 19, 1817; d. Albany, 
N.Y'., Sept. 3, 1867. Educated at the Albaiiy 
grammar school. Studied law, and began 
practice in Pike Co., 111., in 1837; attj-.-gen. 
of that State in 1842 and ag.ain in 1844"; pur- 
sued the occupation of civil engineer; origi- 
nated and accomp. an exploring exped. to thi' 
Bio del Norte, the Gila, and the Colorado in 
1849; and, having settled in San Francisco, 
resumed there the jiractice of law. In 1 850 ho 
was attv.-cen. of Cal. ; for a time was a mem- 
b'T of thelegisl. ; M.C. in 1853-5 ; U.S. sena- 
tor in 1861-7; and chairman of the com. on the 
Pacific Railroad. In the early part of the war, 
he was identified with the war Democrats, and 
wa« a delegate to the Chicago convention whi h 
nominated Gen. McClellan for pres. in 1864. 
He \vas gifted with remarkable natural elo- 
quence. 

McDougall. Hon. William, Canadian 
statesman, b. 'loronto, 25 Jan. 1822. His 
grandfather fought against the Americans in 
the Revo', war. Wm., educated at Toronto 
ami at Victoria Cod., was a member of the bar; 
conducted a monthly agric. journel, of lergo 
circulation, at Toronto, in 1848-58; and m 
1850-7 edited and pub. the Xorth-Amcri'imi, 
wliieh was mcr;!ed in the Toronto C'.ofie. Elect- 



MCD 



580 



MCE 



ed to iiarliamont as a nforriicr in 1853; cam- 
ini-s. orirawn-lunils, :ind racinlxr ixiv. ruiitiril 
May, lS62-Miir. 1S64 ; a[iji. |n)v. sit. in June; 
vros nmtk- uiiuUlcr of niaruu- in 1866 ; minister 
of pub ic works iu the Doiu. Govt, siucv 186". 
Ill' is a practiial nmii, r ady and |H)\viTful in 
d>'b:iti', and wii.s a loader of the mo<lLTatc Lib- 

iTi.u. — .u«i.vv,v r:,n,. 

McDowell, ErniiAiM, M.D., purgion, l>. 
Rockl.rid^ic C'.).. Va., N'ov. 11, 1771 ; d. D.m- 
villc, Ky., Jum- i5, 1830. Son of Jiid'^e Sain- 
nel. ConipKiini; lii- nud. studii'.s ut Edin! ursli, 
hi- sittlfd in prae;iL-e at Danvi l« in 1793, and 
for years was the liadiii^' | rarti:i<>n< r in the 
WiM. In 1 802 he ni Sar.ih, dan. of < iov. Shvl- 
I'V. In 1809 hi' succcssfiiUy |>i'rfonm'd tln' op- 
eration for cxtir|iation of the ovary, the firet 
on record, and ai juired, in eonseipiem e, Euro- 
I>ean cilehrity. lie a'.so ranked high na a lithol- 
omist. — <iruss's Mul, Diaj, 

McDowell, IitviN, biev innj.-gcn USA., 
b. Krankiiiiion, ()., O. t 15, 1818. Nephew 
ofGen. Cas>. Edne:ited at a niilit. school in 
France, and at West I'l-inl (1838), and, entering 
the 1st Art , in 1841 was as.-ist. insir. in tactics 
ut tt'esr I'liint, and was adj. there until 184.) ; 
ni.iilc Ut lieut. in I84l' ; he aceouip (len. Wool 
as aide-de-camp to Mexico in 18-16; and at 
Bucna Vista won the hrev. of capt. 13 May, 
l*4T; liecaiiie as»i-i. adj.frcn. (rank of capt.) ; 
m:<j March 31, 1850; and bii'.'.-gcn. U.S.A. 
May 14, 1861 ; two weeks later he took com- 
mand of the de| t. of N.-E. Va. ; coin, at the 
first battle of Uii. I Uun,Jnly 21 ; and.alterthc 
a|'p. of Gen. JleClellan to com. the Army of 
the Potomac, was place<l in cliar^ of a divis- 
ion under him; 14 Mnreh, 1862, he was as- 
si;.'ned the l.tt corps; app. maj.-<ri'n. of vols.; 
and early in A;iril his corps was iletaehed from 
the Army of the I'otoiiiw, ami liewas plaeed in 
com. of the dept. of the lia|ipalianiioek. lie 
occupied Frvih riekshar;: nniil the retreat of 
Gen. Banks down the Valley of the Slienan- 
doiih, when he wius recalled to take part in the 
vain pursuit of " Stonewall " Jaek-on. June 
::'j, his com. was consolidated with those of 
Fremont and Banks to form the Army of Va., 
under Mnj.-Gen. Poi)C, McDowell command- 
ing the 3d corps. He took a prominent part 
ill the campaiirn lK?twcen the Kappahaiimiek 
and Wa.'-hington, and was highly commended 
in Gen. Pope's ofiicial report, but was relieved 
at his own request, Sept. 5. 1862, and subsc 
qncntiv cum. the ilept of Cal. ; hrev. inaj.- 
p.n. rt Mar. 186"., lor Cednr Mouiilnin, Va. 

McDowell, J.\ME3, LL.D. (X. J. Coll. 
ISlC), statesman of Va., b. Roekliridge Co., 
1796 ; d. near Loxin;,'lon. 24 Aug. 1851. N.J. 
Col'. I8I6. Descend' d from Lnbraim, lon^ 
and lionoraMv kiiuwn in Kockb. Co. Gov. of 
Va. 1843-6;'M.C. 1845-Jl. Wliile gov. he 
favored the propo-iiion for the cnianei|aiioD 
of the slaves. An iloqnent, upright, and patri- 
o;ie man, and a frienil of temiH-rance. 

McDowell, Joiix, 1,1, 1) . provost U of 
Pb ; li. Frank in Co , Va., Ilec. 1820 

McDowell, Joseph, Ii. 1'lc:u<ant Garden, 
Burke Co., Feb 25, 1758 ; d there Aug. 1801. 
Major at the battle of King's Mountain; a 
member of the legivl. in 17SO-95; and M.C. 
1793-5 and 1797-9; ineinl'er of the conven- 



tion to adopt the Federal Constitution in 1788, 
and a stiong op|>oneni of it. His M>n Josi.i>il 
J. was M.C. from Ky. 184^1-7. His bro. Gen. 
ClIARI-La (b. Winebe^ter, Va., 1743, d. Burke 
t'o., N'.C, March 31, 1815) was the com. of . 
(he dist. in ivhieh, diiriiiir 1780-1, ^everal bril- 
liant actions willi the ISrili-b and Tories took 
place, among them that of .Musgrove's Mill and 
King's Mountain. .MenilK-r ol ilie N.C. legisl. 
ill 1778 and 1782-8, and 1809, 1811. 

McDowell, Cot. S.XMUKL. adisting. and 
active Whig of the Kevol. ; d. near Daiirille, 
Ky.. 25 Oct 1817, a. 84. An early pioneer 
of Ky., having settled in DanviKe' in 17S3. 
Manv years member of the Ky. leyi.'.l., and a cir- 
cuit jii'ige, having organized the first court at 
Danville. Father of Dr. Eph., and Judge Jo- 
seph. — UriA^'i .»/.(/. nio-i. 

Macduffie, Gkohoi:, statesman, b. Co- 
lumbia Co., tia., ab. 1788; d. Suinicr di>t., 
S.C, -March II, 1831. S. C. Coll. 181.3. He 
began life as a clerk in Augusta, Ga. ; was 
adm. to the bar in 1814; practised in Edge- 
field, S^C. ; was sent to the S.C. legi-l. in 
1818; anil disiing. himsell as an cloqiicni 
S|K-Hker and an able )>o:iiieal writer. In ■ 
political controversy wiih Col. Win. Cum- 
iiiings of Ga., which led to more than one 
duel, he received a bullet-wound ia the shoul- 
der. In his writings at this lime, riiibrxlied in a 
series of pamphlets entilled "The Crisis," he 
maintained the principle of consolidation 
against that of State-rights; M C.in 18-'l-5 ; 
gov. of S.C. in 18.'14-<i ; and U.S. sen.ilor in 
1842-6. In Dec. 1823 he advocated ilie cx- 
pediemy of c'.ianging the Constitution so as lo 
csublish uniformity in the mode of electing 
the members of the house of representatives, 
and also in the mode of chiKisiiig pres. electors. 
neop|>o.scd internal ini) rovements in the States 
by t ongress, and also op|>osed the Panama 
Congress. As chairman < f the com of ways 
and means, he cndeavorcil to mainl.iin the 
U.S. Bank. Ho was an opponent of the pro- 
tective tiiriff, and was piominent in all im- 
portant dcluiles. In D-c. 1S30 he made « 
forcibli; speech in the iiii|>cachment of Judge 
Peck. In the nul.itieaiion controversy he il- 
lustrated and vehemently defended the views 
and positions of S.C. as ciiuiiciaioi by Cal- 
houn ; and in the S.C eonv. ol 1834 he wrote 
a remarkable address to the people of the U.S. 
In Coii,.re.ss, few men have tre.ited more ably, 
or with such eloquence, so great a variety of 
dinicult subjects. He was a very successful 
planter, and delivend an admirable oration 
oefore the State Agric. Society. At one lime 
he was a major-gen. in the State militia. 
He pub. a Eulogy on R. Y. liavnc, 8vo, 
1840. 

McElligOtt. James N., LL.D.. educator 
and autlmr. b. Uichmond. Va., 3 Oct. 1812; 
d. X.V. Cicy, 22 Oct. 1866. Educate.1 at the 
U. of X.V. He was teacher and vice-princip-il 
there, and afterward condurted MeElligoit's 
Collegiate and Classical School until his 
deaih. .\utlior of the " Aiiier. Debater," 
"Analytical Manual,' " Yonii^- .\nalvicr," 
" Humorous Speaker," and " Hiimonius Read- 
er," also of lectures, addresses, and essays, and 
for a time edited the Teacher' $ Adivcalt. C'o 



MCE 



581 



M_A.C 



Ben prcs. N.Y. Teacher's Assoc, in 1839. He 
had some skill as a poet. 

McEntee, Jeevis, landscape-painter, b. 
Rontluut, X.Y., I82S. He studied under 
Churcli in New York in 1850-1 ; opened a 
studio there in 1858; and in 1861 became 
known by liis " Melancholy Days. " Among 
his best efforts are " Virginia," " Indian Sum- 
mer," " A Late Autumn," " October in the 
Kaatskills," and "Woods of Asshokan." — 
TitfLennan. 

McFarland, Asa, D.D. (Y.C. 1812), 
minister ot Concord, N.H., from Mar. 1798 to 
Juiv, 1824, b. Worcester, 19 Apr. 1769; d. 
Concord, N.H., 18 Feb. 1827. Dartm. Coll. 
1793. Pres. of the State Missionary Soc. 
Pub. " Uijt. View of Heresies," 1806, 12rao, 
Concord, and 18 occas. sermons. 

McGee, Thomas D'Arct, statesman 
and orutor, b. Carlingford, Ireland, Apr. 13, 
1825; assassinated at Ottawa, U.C., Apr. 7, 
1868. Educated at Wexford, where his father 
held a custom-house office; emig. to Amer. in 
1S42, and was employed on the Boston press ; 
but returned to his native country when the 
Young Ireland movement began ; joined the 
Siaff of the Xiifim, newspaper, and sought to 
rouse the Irish pcojile to battle fur their rights. 
On the failure of the movement, McGee evaded 
the British police, and reached America. Es- 
tablished the Amrrican Celt in Boston. Origi- 
nally an ardent Republican, his views, during 
the Know-nothing e.xritement, underwent a 
change ; and, Irom the period of his removal to 
Canada, he avowed himself a royalist, and, by 
letters and addresses, did his utmost to turn 
the lidc of Irish immigration from the U.S. to 
the New Dominion. His ability and eloquence 
caused him to be chosen to represent Montreal 
in 1837. In 1864 he was made pres. of the 
exec, council; in 1867 mini>ter of agric. ; 
and was chief Canadian commiss. at the lirst 
Paris and Dublin exhibitions. He took a 
prominent part as delegate in all the confer- 
ences held to promote the confederation of the 
Brit. N. Amer. Provinces. His bitter hos- 
tility to the Fenian movement probably occa- 
sioned his assassination, for which James Whe- 
lan, an Irish Fenian, was tried and executed. 
Among his pubs are "Lives of Irish Writ- 
ers ; " Hist. Sketches of O'Connell and his 
Friends," 12mo, Bost., 18.i4; "Canadian Bal- 
lads and Occas. Verses," 1858 ; " History of the 
Irish Settlers in N.A.," Boston, 1851 ;'"Prot. 
Reformaiion in Ireland," I2mo, 18.">3 ; " Pop- 
ular History of Ireland," N.Y., 1862, 2 vols. 
8vo ; "Catholic Hist, of N. America," 12mo, 
1854 ; " Speeches and Addresses," I8C5. 

McGill, James, founder of MeGill U. 
Montreal, b. Glasgow, Scotland, Oct. 6, 1744 ; 
d. Montreal, Dec. 19, 1813. He came to Can- 
ada when quite young, .ind. engaging in mer- 
cantile pursuits, amassed a fortune, of which he 
made the noblest uses. He was successively 
a member of parliament, of the legisl., and 
exec, councils, ami rose to the rank of brig.- 
gen. of militia in the war of 1812. — .^fitri/aii 

MacGillivray, Alexander, chief of the 
Creek Indians, b. Coosa River, near Weturap- 
ka, Ga., ab. 1740; d. Pen atola, Feb. 17, 1793. 
Sou of Lachlaa MacGillivray, an Indiaa 



trader, by the half-breed dau. of a Frcnli 
officer. He received a good education in Now 
York and Charleston. His father placed him 
in a counting-house in Savannah; but distaste 
for trade led him to return to his Indian rela- 
tives. He soon took a high position among 
the united tribes of Creeks and Scminoies, and 
was their leader during the Am'^r. Revol., and 
with his father, who was a col. in the British 
serrice, warmly cspous d the royal cause. After 
the war, Alexander, in behalf of the Muscogee 
confederacy, became the ally of Spain, and a 
commissary in its son'i e, with the rank and 
pay of col. He diverted the trade of the Creeks 
to Pi-nsacola, and long opposed the clforts of 
the U.S. Govt, to recover it, and obtain the 
cession of disputed lands on the Oconee. In 
1790 he signed a treaty, coding the territory 
for a pecuniary consideration, and was, by a 
secret article, apj). agent for the U.S., and brig.- 
gen. in the army. This treaty lessened his 
mflu'nce with th': Creeks ; but he sncceeded in 
obtaining an increase of salary .and authority 
from ih- Spanish Govt. His hospitality and 
genero.-ity were almost princely. He was a 
bro.-in-ltw of L'-C1<tc Milibrt, and an uncle of 
Wm. W'catherfurd. 

Macgregor, John, a British statistici.in, 
b. Stomow.ty, Ross Shir?, in 1797 ; d. Boulogne, 
April 23, 1857. Placed wh'.n young in a com- 
mercial house in Canada, he co.lected the 
statistics of the resources of th; country, pub. 
in 1832 in his "British America." Returning 
to Eng., he was in 1840 a sec. to the board of 
trade, and M.P. for Glasgow in 1847. He 
established the Royal Bi-itih Bank ; Imt it 
fai'cd, and he withdrew to Boulogne. H > com- 
piled " The Progress of America from the. 
Discovery by Co'unib'.is to 1846;" "Commercial 
Statistics of Anioii a,"5vo!,=. 1848-50; "Emi- 
gration to Brit. America," 8vo, 1823; and left 
incompkte a "History of th'^ British Empire 
from the Ace 'ssion of James I." 

M-Gregore, r>\vir). minister of London- 
drrv, N.Il., from 1735 to liisd., Mav.30, 1777; 
b. Ireland, 6 Nov. 1710. A.M. of"N..T. Coll. 
1764. Son of James, first minister of L., 
who settled there in 1719, d. 1729. David 
was an able and eloquent preacher, and a 
zea'ous and intrepid asscrter of the liberties of 
his country. He pub. some tracts and ser- 
mons. 

MeHenry, James, statesman, b. Md., 
1753; d. B.altimore, 8 May, 1816. Aide-de- 
camp to Lafayette, with rank of licut.-col., in 
1780; member Old Congress 1 78.3-6 ; one of the 
franicrs of the U.S. Constitution in 1787 ; and 
sec. of war 27 Jan. 1796, to 13 May, 1800. 

Maeilvaine, Charles Peitit, D.D., 
LL.n.(Camli.U..1858),D.C.L. (Oxf U. 1853), 
Prot.-Ep. bishop of Ohio, b. Bnrlington, N. J., 
.Tan. 18, 1798. N. J. Coll. 1816. Sonof.Toseph, 
U.S. senator from N. .1. Ord. a deacon July 
4, 1820, and after officiating in Christ Church, 
Georgetown, Md., was ord. priest in 1822; 
prof, of ethics, and cUiplain at West Point in 
1325-7 ; rector of St. Anne's Church, Brook- 
Ivn, N.Y. ; and was con -re. bishop Oct. 31, 
l'832. Prcs. Kcnyon Coll. 18-32-40; now 
pres. of the iheol. sem. of the diocese of O. 
lie has pub. " Lectures on the Endenccs of 



MCI 



58. 



Christianity," «lcliv(.-i\-d in the U. of N'.Y. in 
18.11 ; " .Instilication by Faith," I61111), 1840; 
'• OxIorJ Uiviiiitv ci>iii[i,ii>-cl wlih that of ihc 
Romi-h and Ang.itan Chiir. h.-," 8vo, 1841 ; 
'• The TniiU and tlic Lif.'," a vol. of stnnons, 
1854; and lias coiupiicd 2 vols, of " J>vl«-t 
Family and I'arih S< rnioui ; " conirili. to 
many r i.'. pirio lie il.-. 

Mjllvaine, )i'si;i-h,1j. Bristol, Pa., 1768; 
d. Uiirliii-ioii, X. .1., Ar.i;. 19, 182G. Adiu. to 
tlu- .V. J. IMF ill 17D1 ; L-ierk of Uui!in;'ton Co. 
1800-24; U.S. dii. atty. foi N. .1. 1801-20; 
11; |). juil^^) of the- Su|Hrior Court in 1818, but 
dulinod ; U.S. sinator 1823-6. 

Molutoih, Duncan, idiilanlhroitist, b. 
Siothmd ; d. Au.\ Caycs, Nov. 1820. An 
AiiKiiiaii citizen rvsi.liiij' at St. Domingo, 
hrt^itl;^ by trade ac<iiiirud (.'real nTulth, he 
suiriliced it fnrly inbclulf of the Fri'nch popu- 
hition, wimin the slavi s, Imi-stin;.' thuir filters, 
soii;;lit to ma&«iicre. Durin_' tli • ei^'lit iiiunlbs 
diir.iiion of this terrib'.e cuuvulsioii, he «ived 
in ve.-seU, which he lni;,'liti d for lliat purpose, 
over lltX) men and 1,500 wointii and > liildnn. 
Death «a^ deerivd to those who should cmiceal 
tli' rreiieh ; and he was more than once the 
iniiiale of a dungeon. 

MijIntOSh,.lAMEs M., c;ii)t. U.S.X., b.Ga.; 
d.Wii.-hin-tuu, U.C, Sepi.l, 1860. Midshij^iin. 
Sept. 1, ISll ; :i.ut. April 1, 1818; com. Feb. 
28, lt«3; cant. S.pt. 5, 1849. 

Mcintosh, .IauivS S., col. U.S.A., I>. Lib- 
erty Co., Ga., June 1 9, 1 787 ; d. eity ot Mexico, 
Sept. 26, 1847. Son of Gen. John.' App. liei.t. 
of rifles Nov. 13, 1812; distiug. under Maj. 
Apiilia;; ai Sandy C'n rk ; severely wounded in 
allair n ar Black Ruek, Aug:. 3, '1814 ; s.ived 
with Gen. Jaek>on tliroii;;hunt the Indian war; 
capt. Mar. 1817 ; mij 7lh Inf. Sept. 21, 1836; 
lieut..eol. 5 :h Inf. July 1, 1839; l.rev. col. for 
gallaiilrv in laities of Palo Alto and R. de la 
Palm. I, ilay 9, 1846, in which he was dangi r- 
ously wo;inded; com. hi.s l.ri>;ade i:i Worth's 
div.,'aiul distins. in biittle of Churubiiseo, al-o 
at Mo'.iiio del Riv, where he was mortally 
wiiund' d. Ilia 80n .Iahes, pn. Confcd. army 
(West Point 1849, cipt. 1st U.S. Cav. 16 Jaii. 
1S57), >vas killed at the battle of Pea Kidj^-e, 
Koy. 7, 1862. 

Mcintosh, Gen. John ; d. at his planta- 
tion, .Melnio>li Co., Gil., Nov. 12. 1826, a. iili. 
70. Bro. of Gen. Laelilan. An uflieer of the 
Ga. line in 1775; he served throu;;li(>ui the 
war ; com. the fort nt Suiibury, wi:h the rank 
of lieut.^ol., when it was bcsieped by Licnl.- 
Col. I'liiser; displayed (.Teat bravery at the 
battle of Biier Creek, .March 3. 1779, and 
was made prisoner; miij..);en. of Ga. mililia 
in U.S. sirvi e at Mobile under Jackson, Nov. 
1814 t.i May, 1815. 

Mcintosh, Jons B., hrcv. ninj.uen. 
U.S A., li. Ha. 2d lieut. 5th U.S. Cav. June 
8. 18))l ; Isi lieut. June 27. 1862; in the 
Peninsular bullies ; al Sontli Mountain and 
Aniietam ; col 3d Pa. Vols. Nov. 1862 ; com. 
brijraile nt liaipnliannnek BriiL-c, Kelly's 
Ford, Sioncinan's Raid 10 Riclimoiid, Clnin- 
ccllor>vi;;e, Getlysbur.', Wam'ntun.anil Rnpi- 
diin Station; ca]i|. 5ih ("av. I)<t. 7, ISiVI; 
com. cav. brigade at Parker's Sliire, Wilder- 
ness, SjHitl.sylvania, Ilaxull's Uiiidin^, Vvliow 



Tuvern. Aslilund. Hawes .«^hop, Beihesda 
Chureh. Suutlis:dc R.R. (com. division), and 
balilo of I'eter.sbur;; ; brig -i;en. vuls. July 21, 
1*<64 ; com. cav. briuude at Wineliestcr, Sum. 
mil Point, and Oinqiian, where he lo«t n lej: ; 
liiev.-inaj. U.S.A. for White uak Swamp; 
lieul.H-ol. lor Gettysburg ; col. for Ashland ; 
biig.-gcn. for Winchester; and mnj.uen. for 
gullunt and merit, services in the field during 
ihe war; licut.-col. 42<l Inf. 23 July, 1866; 
Retired brig.-gcn. 30 Ju'y. 1870. — Ihiiii. 

Mcintosh, GtN. Laciilan, b. near Inver- 
ness, Seotlanil, March 17, 1 72.'); d. S.ivannah, 
Feb. 20, 1806. John .More bis father, the head 
oi llie Itorlam bmnebof llieclan .Melntoah, with 
100 adherents, came 10 Ga. with Ugletboriic in 
1736, ami settled at New Inverness in what in 
now Melniosh Co. He origii.aleil the protest 
made by the colonists 10 the Imard of trustees 
in Kng. against the introdiiciion of African 
slaves into Ga. <'f bis sons and gramlwns, 
seven bore eommis.>i'>ns in the Itevol army. 
Made a prisoner by the SpaniuiiU, and sent to 
St. Augustine, Lacblan was lett to the care of 
bis motlier at the age of 13. Mis op|>ortuni- 
ties ol edi:caiion were few ; but, in the study of 
maiheninties anil surveying, he reetived great 
as>i..|iinee from Ogl'thor)K-. Arrived at matu- 
rity, he «ent to Charleston, became a friend of 
Uenry Laurens, whose counting. room he en- 
tered' as clerk. Returning to bis friemls on 
the Allamaba. be m., and liecame a land-sur- 
veyor. He acquainted himself with military 
taeties, and. when the Revol. War bcgjiii, was 
lirst app. col., anil Sept. 16, 1776, biig.-gen. 
Persecuted iK'vond endnrance by his politieid 
rival, Button Gwinnett, he pninounced him a 
scoundrel, and, in the duel whieli ensued, killed 
him. Ue afterwards com. in Ihe Western 
dept., and I' d an ex|K'd. against the Indians 
in tile spring of 1778, sin'cei'diiig with a 
small force in restoring |ieaec on the frontier ; 
returned toGa. ill 1779; and was at thesiegeand 
fall of Savannah. He was with Lineoln at 
Charleston when ho was made a prisoner. 
Member of Congress in 1784. In 17f5 he was 
one of the commiss to treat with the Souilicrn 

lli,(i,,„S. — Srf .\,il. l'„rt. Ilaltrlfl. 

Mcintosh, .Maria J., HUthorcss, b. Sun- 
bnrv. Ga . I8U.I. Her fuller Mtijur Laehlan 
Melnto-h. son of Col. Win., and grandson of 
John More, was a lawyer and soldier. She 
was educatcil at the Sunbury Acad.; alter 
1835 she resided in New York with a married 
sister, and then with licr bro., Capt. James .M. 
.Mcliiiosb. U.S.X. She lost her proiwrty in the 
crash of 1 8.17, and. resorting to her pi'ii lor sup- 
|iort, tiroilneed in 1841 her lirst tale " Blind 
Alice, under the pseudonvmeot •• Aiini Kitty." 
She has since pub. " Jes.>ie Graham ; " " I'lor- 
eni-e Ariiott ; " " Coii<|ue.«t and Self-Ci>ii- 
qucst," 1844 ; " Praise and Principle ; " " Wo- 
man an Knigma ; " " Two Lives, or to Seem 
and to Be," 1846 (all i-olieeted in a single 
volume in 1847) ; " Charms and Counter- 
Charms," 1848; ••nonaldson Manor." 1S49; 
" Woman in America," 1850 ; " i'lic Ixjfiy 
and the Lowlv," 1853; " Violet, or the Cross 
and ihe Cr«wn," 18:>6; "Mela Gray," 1858; 
"Two Pieiures," 186.1, &•. 

Mcintosh, Gts. William, a Crwk half- 



583 



MAC 



tirccd wiirrior, b. Coweta, G.i. ; killed Mav 1, 
l'-^:.. His f.ither was C;i[)t. Win. M.', a 
Siulchmiui ; iiis moihcr, a native Imlian. The 
sun \\.ii tall, wcll-l'oriiitHl, imulli;.'ciit, and 
lii.ivf. Joinin;; the Aineru'aii tun is in 181:>, 
lie was lii;;hly coinmeiided by Gen. Flovd (or 
liiaverv at the liattle ol' Antossee, in wliieh he 
was a major ; was disiin^'. at tile battle ol the 
Horse Shoe, and also in ilie Florida eampai^in. 
His coiiiieciion wiih the treaty at the Julian 
Springs in 1825 was the eau.-.e of his being 
killed bv the Indians opposed to a cession of 
tluirlamU to the U.S.— Go. OJ/s. 170. 

McKay, Donald, shii>-l>uilder, b. Sliel- 
buriie, -VS., 18Ui»; learned the art in X.Y. 
( iiy ; be;;an business for himself at Xewbiiry- 
purt, Ms., and in IS45 removed to Ka^t Bos- 
ton. He built many fast clipper-ships for the 
Cal. and Australian trade, and 4 (Jet. 185.3, 
launched ' The Great .Uepublic," of 4,500 
Ions. 

McKean, Joseph, D.I). (All. Coll. 1817), 
1A..I>. (N.J. Coll. 1814), scholar, b. I|.>wieh, 
Ms.. Apr lU, I77tt; d. Havana, Mar. 17, 1818. 
II V. 1794. His lather, a native of Gla-^'ow, 
came to Anier. in 17C3; his mother was a 
dan. of Dr. Joseph Maiming of Ipswich. He 
tau;:ht sehoi.l a few years in Ipswich, and the 
acad. in Berwick; and Nov. 1, 17U7-Oct. 3, 
1804, was minister of Milton ; afterward a 
teacher in Boston ; apd Boylsion prof, of ihelo- 
lic and oratory in H. U. from Oct. 31, 1809, 
to his d. Mcmlier of the Ms. Hist. Society, 
al.'-o of that of N.Y., and of the Aiiier. Acad. 
He pub. '■ Sacred Extracts," for the use of 
schools, 18ino. 1814; some sermons, and Me- 
moir ol John Eliot in the Colls, of ihe Ms. Hist. 
Soc. 2il .••er. v. i. 

McKean, Thomas, LL.D., jurist and 
Hcvol. patriot, b. Chester Co., Pa., March 19, 
17.J4 ; d. riiila. June 24, 1817. After an aca- 
demic and professional c(«iii>c of study, he was 
iidiii. an atiy., and soon obtained the app. of 
dep. atty.-L'cn. in the county of Sussex. In 
17:'i7 he was adm. to the bar of Pa., and 
elccled clerk of ihe Assembly ; member of the 
A-seiiibly lor the county of Xew Castle 176i- 
79. In the Gen. Congress at N.V. in 17C5, he, 
with Lynch and Otis, framed the address to 
the Briiish house of commons ; and was app. 
judge of the C. C. P., and of the Orphans' 
Court for Xew Castle. In 1771 he was app. 
coll. of the port of Xew Castle; member of 
the Com. Congress in 1774; and was annually 
ri-elecied until Eeb. 1783, being the only man 
who was without intermi.ssion a member during 
the whole period ol the war. In 1778 he was 
one of the convention which framed the Arti- 
cles of Confederation ; in 1781 he was pres. of 
Congress. In addition to hiS congressional 
duties, in 1777 he officiated as pres. of the 
Suite of Del ; and held from July, 1777, until 
1 799, the office, and executed the duties, of chief 
ju'iiie of Pa. He was particularly active and 
O'. fill in promoting the Decl. of Indip., which 
he signed ; and a few days after that event 
inirched wilh a b ittalion to Perrh Amboy, 
X.J., III support Washington. He retiirm'd 
to Del. topre|)arca constitution for that State, 
which he drew up in the course of a night, and 
uhich was unanimously adopted the next day 



by the Assembly. At that period, as he relates, 
he was " hunted like a fox by the enemy : " ho 
was compelled to remove his family five times in 
a few months ; and at length placed them in a 
little log-house on the banks of the Susque- 
hanna ; but they were soon obliged to leave 
this retreat on account of the Indians. Gov. of 
Pa. from 1799 to 18P8; and in 1790 he was 
a member of the convention whie!i framed the 
constitution of Pa. He was highly esteemed 
for integrity, impartiality, and learning. In 
politics he was one of the leaders of the repub- 
lican party ; as a member of the' convention 
of Pa. , lie urged the adoption of the U.S. 
Con-^titiition. 

McKean, VVilliam W., commo. U. S. N , 
li. Pa. I sol ; d. near Binghamton, X.Y., 22 
Apr. 1865. Son of Judge MeKcan ; nephew of 
Gov. McKean. Midshipman 30 Xov. 1814; 
lieut. 13 Jan. 1825; com. 8 Sept. 1841 ; capt. 
14 Sept. 18.55; commo. 16 Julv, 1862; gov. 
Xaval Asylum 1858-61 ; re ired 'iG July, 1862. 
Com. a sehouiier in Porter's West India sqnad. 
182.3-4 ; and active in suppressing piracy 
there. In 1 860 on special service of conveying 
the Japanese Embassy home; and on his re- 
turn, was fiir a short time in com. of the W. 
Gulf lilockailing squadron. 

McKee, William R., col. U.S. Vols., 
b. Kv. ISUS; killed in batlle of Buena Vista, ■ 
.M.xico, 23 Feb. 1847. West Point, 18^9. 
Lieut, of U.S Art. ; resigned Sept. 1836 ; rail- 
road engr. 1836-46 ; col. 2d Ky. Vols. 9 June, 
1846. — Gardner. 

McSeen, Joseph, D.D. (Danm. Coll. 
1804). educator, b. Londonderrv, X.H , Oct. 
15, 1757; d. Brunswick, Me., July 15, 1807. 
Dartra. Coll. 1774. At college he evinced a 
strong predilection for mathematics. Alter 
teaching for some time, and being an assistant 
in ihe And. Acad., he was old. pastor of the 
church in Beverly, May J I, 1785. From Scjit. 
2, 1802, until his death, he was first pres. of 
Bowd. Coll. He pub. sermons, and some 
paper- in the "Transactions" of the Ainer. 
Academy. 

Mackeever, Isaac, commodore U.S.X., 
b. Pa. Apr. 1793; d. Norfolk. Va., Apr. 1, 
1856. Miilshipman Dec. 1, 1809; lieni. Die. 
9, 1814. and com. a gunboat in the floiilla of 
Lieut. Jonc-, which was captured by the Briiisji 
on Lake Borgne, La., Dec. 1814. In the en- 
gagement, which was very warm, he w.is 
severely wounded. In the galliot " Sea Gull. ' 
in 1825, aided by some boats of the Briii-h 
frigate " Dartmouth," he, after a sharp fiL'ht, 
captured two pirate schooners. May 27, 18.30, 
he was made a com. ; and a capt. in Dec. 1838. 
He com. the squadron on the coast of Brazil 
in 1851— t. His son Chacxcev McKeever 
West Point, 1849, was l.rev. brig.-gen. US A. 
13 Mar. 1865, for merit, services during the Re- 
bellion. A. A. G. rank of inaj. 17 July. 1862. 

Mackellar, Thomas, poet, b. Xew York, 
Aug. 12. 1812. Sou of an olliccr of ihe Brit, 
navy, who emigraicil to X.Y. At. 16 he cntend 
thft priniing-establishment of the Harpers. In 
1833 he removed to Pliila., where be became 
senior p.iriner of the great typefonndiy of 
Lawrence Johnson and Co. He early wrote for 
the Journal of the Sunday-School Union. Ua 



MAC 



584 



pull. " Drop|iii)i.-< from th« Heart," 1S44 ; 
•• Tiinr.i F.Ttiii;;!!!'!! I{iinil>U'»," 184T ; aiul 
•• Liii.'s liir ihi- (ioiitic aixl Iajmw-." 185:1. 

MoKondree, William. I). 1)., lii»hop 
M K. Chuirl.. I) Kill- Williiiin Co , Vn., July 
5, 1T.">T : il. Mar S. IStri. Durint; tlic Ikvul. 
war lie aiiiiiiud iliv ruiikot ailj. In 1787 lie U.- 
raiiie a Mi.'(liu>lisi ; in If 91 lie was iiiaile nil 
I'lilir; ap(). lu Mvcral uffiivs of iiii|>urtniK'C niiil 
trust : was M'lit to tin- tiist jrviicral coiif. ; niul 
nils aftcrwaiii mail.' pri'S. elili-r of n lii'W coiif. 
in the Far \\\-t. Clio-cn bi-liop May la, \»0», 
(luring; that year in- vi^ileil «illi Bishop A-bury 
nearly tlio whole of tlic L'. S. nnil a part of 
Canaila. 

McKenney, Coi„ Thomas L(irr\ini:, 
uuthor. li. llo|Kwell, Md., 21 Mar. 178.%; .1. 
Sew Yolk, 20 Kel>. IS-IS. IMiicateil at Wasli. 
Coll., ClieslertowU, anil lieeanie a nierclMnt in 
Gcorp.towii, DC. App. i:i 1810 supt. of US. 
trade with tlic Imliaii iriU'S, ami in 1824 of 
tlic linrv'an of Iiuliaii airairs in llie war ilept., 
and in 1826 a s(Kii.il coninii>s. wiili Lewis 
I'liss lu ne;:utiatc a tivaty witli ilu- ('lii|>|>eway 
Imliniis al Fund du iMe. .\uilior ol " I'lnr to 
llic Lake.-<, and Trcaiv of Fond du I<iie," 8vo 
1827; " Memoirs tllfi.ial uiid IVrSonal," 8vo, 
1946 ; and, with Jaims Hall. " Hi-torv of In- 
dian TiilHW," &c., 3 voU. lol. 18.J8-44". — AW 

/i.^-.rM//,-;,. 

Maickeuzio, Sik AtkiXANDun, traveller, 
b. lll\erlle^-, 8i-.iilaiid; d. Dalliousie, Mar. 12, 
1820. At one time a Canadian iiKivham en- 
i;i;?.d in the fur-trade. I'rvvions to coin- 
ineneiii;; his journey across the continent, he 
pa>s<il a year in Knj^., acquiring a knowleil^ie 
of astronomy and navi;4ation. He then rc- 
tuiUid to C'hip|iewyan, where he had Ik'cii 
eiationed for 8 years', and June 3, 1789, set out 
on his e.\ped. At the western part of the 
t!re;it Slave Lake he cntert-d a river, to which 
he ^ave his own iiiiiiK', beiii^ then in a track 
wholly new to I'ni-oiK'ans. He followed the 
course of the stream till the 12th of July, when, 
the iiv 0|>]'o>inj; further pas>a;;e, he n>tnrned 
to Fort Chipiicwyan, wheiv lie arrivcil Sept. 
27. 6'J° r N., was the northern boundary of 
his voyaj^!. And in Oct. 1792 he undertook 
a more haiardous cxpol. to the western coast 
of N..\., and .succi-cded in Julv, 1793, in rvaeli- 
iiiy Cape Meniii'S, so nanietl bv Vancouver, 
hit. 52° 21' N.. and Ioiik. liSC' 12' W. .Mac- 
kenzie returnol lo Kni^land in 1801, and in the 
lollowiui; year was kni;:hteil. He pub. wiih 
excel. cut maps " Voyuj:vs from ilnntrial 
thi'oii;;h the Continent of N. .America to the 
Froien and I'aiifie Oi-cans in the Years 1789 
and 17'.l.t." I..)nd. l.«01. 

Mackenzie, Alk.vam>er Slidkll, naval 
officer and aiiihor, b. New York, Apr. 6. 1S03; 
ll Tairyi..\vn. Sept. 13, 1848 Son of John 
S ide I, a nieix-liant of New York, and bi-o of 
Sena or John Slidell, and in 1837 addot, at 
the m]uesi of a maternal umle. his mother's 
family name, Mackenzie, to his own. He en- 
teii'<l the ii.ivy Jan. 1, 1815. as a mid^hipin^n. 
At the a;:e of 19 he took command of a iiicr- 
eh till vessel tu ini)>rove hiiti>clt in se.-imatishiii. 
Lit 111. I'l Jan. 1825; com. Sept. 8, 1841. In 
IS-'o he visitiil Kuni|)C, ami pun. his " Year in 
Sjkiin." Alter his return homii ftvtu a thriT- 



yeani' cruise in the Mediiemiiiean in l^.■^3, he 
pub. a vol. of I'opular lU-aya on .Naval .Sul>- 
jeits. " The Anierie.in in Kii;:laiiil," nml 
'■ Spain Revisitcil." were the fruita of a subse- 
quent tour; and in 18.'ll) he puh. an rnlun^cd 
edition itf the " Year in Spain " His eruiso 
in 1842 in ihe brig " .Smmrs " gave liiin an 
unhappy notoriety. A mutiny among the 
crew, headed by « midsliipninn, having U-rn 
diseoven-d, a i-ouitcilof oltii-eni «nt lielil, whiih 
onlered that the three most guilty should suf- 
fer ileath at the varil-nrm, nhieli stniincc vai 
promptlv carricif into effect. Iniliviiliials vtn 
siired Lieut. Mackenzie for undue lu'vcrity ; but 
ihe tribunals to which he was anieiialtte aequit- 
IihI him of blame. (Sec his Deleiiec U'lore 
the Court .Martial, N. Y., 8vo, 1843) tlnl- 
nanee oUicer under Com. IVrry in " The Mi«- 
sissippi " nt Vera Ciuz ; com. the 2d divi>ioii 
of art. deta lied Iroiii the flit-t in t!je storming 
anil eaptiin' of the cilv ol Tabavo, June 16, 
1S47. He piih. Lives' of Paul Jones, O. H. 
IVrrv. ami Sttpheii Divatar. 

Mackenzie, CiiARii:!> IvKN.vkTit. F.I! S., 

nuihtir, b. SttnLind, 17!>3: d. by the ii.iiHa.;ra- 
titiii of the iiainliow Hotel, New York. July 6, 
18C2. He was a ri|ic scholar, an exi- lleiit lin- 
guist, wiih great and versatile lilenirv nttaiii- 
inents. having liecii a conlrib. lo the /-.iliihihyk 
anti Q'liirirrlii /{rrlrirs.auil "The Kmyclopiriiia 
Uritaiiiiiea.''aiiil alsoleadijigedilorol a London 
daily conservative jouinal. He was a dtictor 
boih of law and ini-diciiic. In his \oiiih he 
was an aldedcK-ninp of the Duke ol Willing- 
ton ; in 1823 he accomp to .Mexico the Uriii-h 
eoiniiiiss. on thtfRteognitionoflierintlci'enileitce, 
and was app. consul for Vent Cruz: in 1825 
he wa> milt eouMilgen. to Hayti ; and in 1810 
was commis'. of arbiii.ition to the mixed com- 
mission at Havana. A di~)tiite niili ihe foreign 
olfiee in Nov. 1834 endisl his i-onnivtion with 
the liriiish (lovt. He liati resided in the V S. 
alHiiii It villi's when he iliisl. 

Mackeneie, li»ui rt shlltox, M D, 

D.l'.L. ((»xf. 18441, LLD. (i;ias-i.iv. 18.'»4), 
journalist, b. Drvw's Conri, Limerick t'o., Ire- 
land. June 32, 1809. Kdiuund at u .<.<h<H>l in 
Fennoy. where his father, originally a Itii.i.-h 
oflitvr. was |<<«simaster ; at llie age of 1:! was 
appriH' iced to an a|t»itliecaiy in Cork ; pa.s.-ed hi* 
miilieal examinaiion; ii|H'Ik-<I a seliitol in Fei^ 
moy ; and in 1829 luiaine eilitorof a journal 
pub. in Stallord-hirv, Kiig. In 18.10-1 he w:n 
empNiyed in literary lalM>rs in Ijonilon Be- 
tween 18:14 and 18.'>l he was the Kiiglish eor- 
ri'-p .. of the N Y. Ereiiinij Star, boide* eonliili. 
frequently to Amer. |ierio4licals. In 1847 lie 
was an active inrUib< r of Lorvl Hrungliain's 
Law Ainendin^ni Society. In the ln:tt r part 
of 18.%2 be cjiine to New York, whi-iv b>r >evt ral 
yeni-s he wrote tor some of the prineiiat jour- 
nals; in 1857 he liecume literary and lorei.tl 
idiliir of the Ptii'a. /'i>.«. Atiiong bis pubs, 
aiv " I j«ys of Palestine,'' 1829; " Titian," an 
an novel, 1843; " I'arinersbipcnCummanilite," 
8vo, 1847; ".Mornings nl ALitlock." IS5c). a 
CO leitiou of liii;iiivc ni:iL-aziiie picos; Sheii's 
" Skelebi-s of the lii-h lUr," 1854. with iiiein- 
oirs and notes; an etliliou of the " Noctes Am- 
brosianc, " with sketches of the coniriitutora, 
and notes, 5 toIs. l854;"Biuor Blarney, " 



]VLA.C 



585 



MCIv 



IS55 ; " Dr. Mnsinns'a Writinn;8 nnd others; " 
"Titssillianaiiil liis Friends," 1859 ; nil t'djiion 
of tlie •■ M.Mii.)iis of Kohert IloiuJiii," 1859; 
" Lilc of Cliarius Dirkens," 1870; "Life of 
Sir Waller SiDit," 1871. — A/i/tlelon. 

Mackenzio, William Lvos, leader of the 
rana.liui i.i^.n ,-, iin in 18.57-8. b. Si.ringfield, 
Korrar>hiiv, S,„tlaiid, Mir. 12, 179.i; d. To- 
romo, All;,'. 2><, 18(11. At 17 lie commenced 
business, iind kept a circulatinglilirary in 
A^leth, near Dundee, nnd afterward went to 
Eiig., where he was a clerk in the emplov of 
Lord Lunsdalc. He came to Canada in 1820; 
was cmjiloyed as supt. over the works of the 
Lucliinc Canal ; and was en^'ajjcd in the book 
and dru^ trade in Toronto, with snccess, until 
182.'}, wiiin he entered upon political life. 
From May 18, 1824, until 18.'i3, he edited the 
Colonial Adrociile at Xiauara, freely criticisin;j 
the acts of the govt., which made every effort 
to fu;iprcss it; and in 1826 a mob destroyed 
the otKco. This riot broiii^ht him more prom- 
inently into notice; and in 1828 he was chosen 
to parliament Iroin York Co. Kor an alleged 
libel upon the Assembly in his newspaper, he 
was five limes expelled, and as often re-elected. 
The Assembly, at last, refused to issue the writ 
for a new election. In May, 1832, he went to 
Eng. with a petition of grievances to the im- 
perial govt. In 1836 he was the first mayor of 
rorunto. The rebellion with which his name 
is so conspicuously connected was quickly 
subdued ; but it awakened the attention of the 
home govt to vuriousabuses.and broughtabont 
beneficial changes. Outlawed by his govt., he 
fled to the U. S., where he was arrested, and 
sentenced to 18 months' imprisonment for a 
breach of the neutrality laws; and was confined 
in Monroe Co. jail, Rochester, N.Y. He after- 
ward pub. MucI.enzic's Gazette, and was long 
connected with the X.Y. Tribune. Having re- 
ceived a pardon, he returned to Canada in 1 850, 
and was again a member of the Assembly until 
1858. It is generally conceded that he acted 
from a iborouglily honest motive; and it is un- 
questionable that he did his share to advance 
the cause of civil liberty in his adopted country. 
While in New York he pub. some political 
pamphlets, one of which (Sketclies of Wm. L. 
llarcy, Jacob Barker, and others, 8vo, 1845), 
compiled from papers found in the custom- 
house, professedly exposed the intrigues of 
several prominent political leaders, and created 
much excitement. Uis admirers raised a sum 
Kuflieicnt to purchase hira a small annuity and 
a residence near Toronto. Author of " Sketches 
of Canada and the U.S.," Lond. 12mo, 1833. — 
Moninti. 

Mackenzie, Kasald S., brev. brig. -gen. 
US.A., b. N.Y. West Point (1st in cla-s), 
1802. Son of Com. A. S. Mackenzie, US.N. 
Entering the entrr. corps, he became Ist lieut. 
3 Mar. 1863: c.ipt. 6 Nov. 1863; col. 2d Ct. 
Heavy Art. 10 Julv, 1864; brig.-gen. vols. 19 
Oct. 1864 ; col. 4tir Cav. 6 Mar. 1867. He was 
in the action at Kelly's Ford, Va., 20 Aug. ; 
brev. 1st lieut. 29 Aug. 1862, for battle of 
Manassas, where he was wounded ; cngr. of 
Sumner's iliv. at Frcderickshnrg; brev. capt. 
3 May, 1863, lor Chancellor-.ville; maj. 4 July, 
186.3,' for Gettysburg; served through the Kicii- 



mond campaign, and brev. lient.col. 18 June, 
1864, for Petersburg, Va. ; com. brigade 6lh 
corps in Shenandoah campaign, and engaged 
at Ojicqnan, P'ishcr's Hill ; and brev. col. 19 
Oct. 1804, for Cedar Creek, where he was 
wounilcd; and com. a cavalry division at the 
battle of Five Forks; brev. m.ij.-gen. vols. 31 
Mar. ; nnd brig.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar., for gal- 
lant and merit, services in the field during the 
Ucbrlliun. — e«///.;«. 

Mackey, Ai.hbrt Gallatin, physician 
nnd auilior, b. Charleston, S.C', 1807.' M.D. 
of S.C. Coll. 1832. He procured by school- 
teaching the means of preparing himself foi 
the medical profession. After practising some 
years, he was in 1838 elected demonstrator of 
anatomy in S.C. Med. Coll. In 1844 he be- 
came connected with the Literary Bulletin, 
SfMtlltrni Patriot, ICveninrj N^'wa, and other 
Charleston periodicals; established a .Masonic 
monthly in 18.50, which he continued 3 years; 
and a quarterly in 1858-60. He has lectured 
upon the middle ages, and has prepared a work 
on the subject of abstruse symbolism. Author 
of "Lexicon of Freemasonry," 1845; "The 
Mystic Tic," 1849; "Principles of Masonic 
Law," 18.56; "Book of the Cha))ter," 1858; 
nnd " Text-Book of Masonic Jurisprudence," 
1859 

Mackie, John Milton, author, b. Ware- 
ham, Ms., 1813. B. U. 1832, where he was 
tutor 1834-8, and subsequently travelled in 
Europe. In 1845 lie pub. "Life of Leibnitz," 
and contrib. to Sparks's " Am. Biog." a " Life 
of Samuel Gorton;" in 1848 " Corns de Es- 
paha;" "Life of Schamvl, the Circassian 
Chief," 18.56; " Life of Tai'-Ping- Wang, Chief 
of the Chinese Insurrection," 1857; ami "From 
Cape Cod to Dixie," a vol. of travels, 1864. 
Contrib. to the .V. A. Review, piiiicipaily of 
articles on German literature and hi-tjrv. 

McKinley, John, jurist, b. Va., May 1, 
1780; d. Louisville, Ky., July 19, 1852. He 
removed to Ky. ; thence to Ala. ; was U.S. 
senator fi-oai Ala. from 1826 to 1837; and in 
that year was app. a justice of the Supreme 
Conrtofthc U.S. 

MsKinly, John, M.D., phvsician and 
statesman, b. Ireland, Feb. 24, 1724; d. Wil- 
mington, Del., Aug. 31, 1796. . He settled in 
Wilmington in early life, and soon became 
eminent in his profession. He filled several 
important public posts, and in 1777 was the 
first pns. of the State of Del. Captured by the 
Briti-h .Sept. 13, 1777. 

M3Kinstr7, James P., commo. U.S.N., 
h. New Y'ork, Fell. 9, 1807. Midshipm. Feb. 
1, 1826; liiut. Feb. 9, 1837; com. Sept. 14, 
1855; ca;>t. July 16, 1862; commo. July 25, 
1866; com. mail-stcamcr "Georgia" 1854-5; 
steamer" Dakofah" 1861 ; steam sloop "Monon- 
gahela," at Port Hudson and Vicksburg, 1863, 
andwound'd. Retired 9 Feb. 1869. — llamers'y. 
McKnight, Ciiaule.s, M.D., physician, 
of In-h d 'scent, b. Cranliem-, N. .J., Oct. 10, 
17.50; d. New York, 1791. 'N. J. Coll. 1771. 
Son of Charles, a Presb. clergyman. He studied 
medicine with Dr. Shippen, and, entering the 
Rcvol. anny, bc< ame sen. surgeon of the middle 
dept. He serth'd in N.Y. after the war ; m, 
thedau. of John Morin Scott; was particularly 



MCL 



686 



MCL 



cmini'nt o.^ a sur^'on, and vian fur sonic timo 
prof, of atmtotiiy iinj »iir;,iry in Cul. Coll. He 
pull, a |ia|x'r iu Moiuuini of Lund. Mvd. Sue., 
vol. iv. 

McLtine, Col. Allev, a liravcnnd cntiT- 
priiii,' K- ■^..l. ollicor, 1.. Au-. 8, 1746 ; d. Wil- 
Iiiin;,'loii, Del., May 22, 182'J. Ho n-iuoved to 
Kiui Co., U.I., ill 1774. At the comiiii'iicc- 
UK'Oi ol' tlie Itevol. he held an estate in I'iiilo. 
worth 515,000, the whole of nhieh he sucrilicod 
iu the service of hii <-ountry. As a vol. he 
witnejiSL^l tlic rcpidse of the Briiiith at Great 
IJrid;^e, Va. In 1775 lie hwaine lieut. in CiB:-i\r 
Kodni-y'.s Del. rc^ct. In 1776 he joined the 
army of \V1t1l1in4iou ; distin;;. hinisvif at the 
b vttle of Lon^ l.iland ; was at White Plains 
and Trentuu ; and, l>y his );ood londuct and 
tj^llantry at I'rinieton, won from Wa-hinfrton 
the commission of cupt. in 1777. He com. 
the ontjwsts of the army arounil Phila., and 
w^is en^a;;ed in the luittle of Monmonth. In 
July, 177'J, he was made maj. of the inf. of 
Loe's lyi'^riou. takinj; jiart in the liril iani atfairj 
of Pauliis Hook and Sionv Poini ; ami was at 
the sie;ie of Vorkiown. In a pcr.-ona; combat 
with thr e British dra^^ons, near Krankford, 
Pa., he killed one, wounded another, and the 
third retired. He was a meml.er and speaker 
of the le^isl.; 6 voars a privveuuneillor; many 
years jml-e C.C".P. ; marshal Del. disl. 1700-8; 
and co.le.tor of the port of WUuiinglon from 
1808 nntii his death. 

McLano, Ocn. .Jeremiah, n Western 
nionoiT and (lolitieian, b. 1767 ; d. Wasliin^iton, 
Mareh 19, I8;)7. lie was a soMierofthe Hcvol. 
Settled at Cliillieothe in 1790; was »ee. of state 
of O. 21 vears; removed to Columbus in 1816; 
and wivs'il.C. in 183.3-7. 

McLaDe, Loris, statesman, b. Smyrna, 
Kent Co., Di'l., Mav 28, 17S6; d. Baltimore, 
Oct. 7, 1857. Newark Coll. 8on of Col. 
Allen. Kntered the navy as midshipra. in 1 798, 
and crnisL'd one y<':ir in " The Philid 'Iphia," 
Com. Hitatur. U.' b jran to .study law in 1804 
with >Iamea A. Bayard; was adni. to the bar 
in 1807 ; M.C. 1817-27 ; on the Mo. qiiestion 
he voted a;,':iinst piTmittin;; slavery m that 
Slate, in oppo.sition to his constituents, but in 
ok-'dience to liis own connctions ; U.S. senator 
1827-9 ; minister to Enj:. May, 1829-31 ; at. 
U.S. ta':vsurv 1831-3 ; sec. of state 1833 ; n'tir d 
fi-om iK)litie:il life in 18.14. Pr. s. of the Bait, 
and O. U.iilroad Co. from 18.17 to 1847. In 
June, 1845, he w,i3 intruslid by Pri^s. Polk 
with the mission to Enj;. durinj; the On-gon 
n 't^otiations. His last public seiTiec was in o 
d.'le;;ate to the reform convention at Annapolis, 
in t!ie winter of 1850-51. 

McLane, Kohebt Millioav, son of 
Louis, li. Del. June 23, 1815. Educated at 
Wash. Coll.. D.C.. St. Mary's Coll., Bait., 
and West Point, 1837. He was in Euro|)0 
with his lath r in 1 829-31 . Sened in Floriila, 
the Clierokc > country, and in the nonh-W'-st, 
and re.ii;ned in 184,3 ; adm. 10 the Bait, bar in 
1843 ; luemlicr Md. h'j;isl. in 1845-7 ; M.C. 
1847-51 ; miui-ler to China 18.53-5; and min- 
ister to Mexico from Mar. 1859 to Nov. I860. 

McLaughlin, Edwari> a., b. X. Stam- 
ford, Ct.. 9 Jon. 1798. Pub. in Cincinnati in 
Oct. 1841, •• The Lovers of the I)e\p," and 



other poems. — See Paett ami Purtri) of tht 
\V,isl. 

MuLavvs, Lafatettk, cfn. C.S.A., h. 
Ga. West Point, 1842. Enlerin:^ the 6th 
Inf., he Ux'ame l.st lieut. Feb. 16, 1847 ; capt. 
Aut;. 24, 1851 ; and iv9>i;,'ni'<l .Mar. 23, 1361. 
En,.-a;^-d during th>' Mex. war at defenie of 
Ft. Brown, battle of Mont.rey, and «ii sjc of 
Vera Crui. He l.eeaine 11 iu.'>j.-;;i.n. in tho 
Conf d. annv ; com. a divi-ion in Lc's army ; 
distin;;. at tiie 2d Fr>diricUsiinr(; l.aiile, Mixy 
3, 1863, in which he for. •! G.n. Si-dKvwick*« 
cor]>s across the Ilappahannoek ; was at Geitys- 
burj;; opposisl Slieniiai>'s advance at Poeota- 
li;^} Brid^-.', X.C, 15 Jan. It65, aud at Avervs- 
bomu^li, 17 Mar. 1865 ; sum'uderi'd with John- 
ston's army, 26 Apr. 1865. 

McLean, Canadian jurist, \>. St. Andrew's, 
U.C, .<\|)r. 1791; d. Oct. 1805. Educated 
at the Comwall |.'ninunar whool, he stncd 
thronjih the war of 1812, and was wounded 
at Qu 'enstown. Called to the bar, he liiTaino 
in 1837 jud.:eof the Court of Kins's Bench, 
and afienvaiils chi-f justice of U.C. Several 
vears a UK-mb r. and twice speaker, of the 
le^'isl. lUJseniMy of U.C, and opposed the union 
of the two provinces. 

Maclean, Col. Allan, a British ofDccr, 
b. Torlish, Sctlaud. ah. 1725; d. 1784. A 
lieut. ill the Scots Bri^'ade in the Dutch ser>iee 



lJer>,t'n (Jn 
in the 62d 



Zoom. Ubuiinin^ in 1757 a comp. m 1 
ri';;t., he left the Dutch 8< rviee ; eanie to 
Ameriea ; was at the takin;^ of Ft. Diiquesne 
in 1738; B<-rved undir Amherst in 1759; and 
raised the 114th lli;:hlanilcrs, of whom lie was 
niaj.comg. Made li ut.-col. 25 M.iv, 1771 ; in 
1775 bo came a;;ain to Aiiuriea; r ix'd acoq« 
known as ihr Hoy. Ili^dilund Eiiii;;nints, and 
threw himself into QueU'C, 12 Nov. 1775, just 
in tinii' to prevent its surrviider to Arnold, and 
to rend r ^'nat service duriiii; its si"^'. He 
com. the fort at Penoliscot, Me., against which 
the unlbriunate cxp.d. of I.nvell ami Sa'ton- 
atall w.ns dirx'ted in .Inly, 1779; and wnsuiude 
a oil. in Jan. 1*80. He was a brave and 
active officer. 

McLean, Daxiel Vekcii, D.D., Pri^b. 
ck'r).'vman and author, b. 1801 ; d. pastor of a 
chutvh nt Re<l Bank, N. J., 23 Nov. 1869. 
Miami U. Several years na-slor of the Old 
Teiin^nt Church, Freehold, S'.J.; pres. of Laf. 
Coll., Easton.Pa., 1854-64. 

Maclean, J-iiiN, M.D. (U.of AUrd. 1797). 
chemist and physician, b. Glasgow, Mar. 1771 ; 
d. Princi'tun, fVli. 1814. Son of an eminent 
Burton. Alter stndving at various cities, he 
commenced ilie practfcc of snrj;i ry at Glasgow 
in 1791. lie came to Araer. in 1795, and was 
anp. pnif. of cliein. and nat. history in the 
Coll. of N. J., and sulisequenlly of nat. philos. 
and mathematics, which h<' r>signe<t in I8I1', 
having Inrn app. prof, of nat. philos. and 
cluni. in Win. and Mary Coll. His prin- 
cipal pub. was " I.i'Ciun'S on Comliiistiun." 
Ill' also wrote other |)ap»rs in the conirovi-rsy 
with Dr. Priestly, pub. in the S.Y Mtil. 

McLean, Jonv, merchant, whose name is 
iicrpituated bv the McLean .Vsvlnin for the 
Insane.at Soiiienille, Ms., b. 1759; d.Oct 1823. 



m:cz. 



587 



MCM 



H;' once failrd for a lar^c sum, and went 
throuf;li liaiikniptcy. Subicquentlj acquiring 
Wfultli, Ik' paiJ his formiTereditore m full, llo 
bequi'athcl $100,000 for the Ms. Gen. Ilosoital, 
and $50,000 more to that and to II.U. 

McLean, •loax, LL.D. (H.L'. 1839). jurist 
and siiiie-man, h. .Monis Co., X. .J., .\lar. 11, 
17^5; d. Cineiiinatl, !>., Apr. 4, 1861. In 
178'J his faihor removed to Va., thence to Kv., 
and in 1799 to Warren Co., O. Here the son 
received a scanty education, lahorins; on the 
farm until IB years of a;;e ; was in 1807 adin. 
■.o the l):ir, and commenced practice at Lebanon, 
(). M.C. in 181.'i-li), supported Mmlison's 
administration, originated the law to indemnify 
indiviiluals for property lost in the public ser- 
vice, and introduced a resolution inqtiirin-^ into 
the expediency of givinj; pensions to the wid- 
ows of -the ofBecrs ami soldiers who had fallen 
in ihcirecMiniry's service. From 1816 to 1822 
he was a jud-e of the Ohio Supreme Court; in 
1822 he was app. commiss. of the pen. land 
Office ; and in July, 1 82.'J, he became postmaster- 
gen. After refusini; the otfer of the war and 
navy depts., he in Jan. IS.'iO entered upon the 
duties of a justice of the U.S. Sup. Conn. 
His char;;es to grand juries while on circuit 
were di>tin;;. for abilitv and clofiuence. One of 
the al.le^t of tliesc- was delivered in Dec. 18.-!8, 
in re;.'arcl to aidinu' or favoring unlawful mili- 
tary ciimliinalions by our ciii7,en.s, against any 
foreign govt, or people with whom we are at 
peace, with special reference to the Canadian 
in.--urrcciion and its Amir, abettors. In the 
Dred Scott case he dissented (rom the decision 
of t!io court as given by Chief Justice Taney, 
and expressed the opinion that slavery has its 
origin merely in power, and is against right, 
and in this country is sustained only by local 
law. Long identified with the party opposed 
to the extension of slavery, his name was be- 
fore the free-soil conveniioii at Buffalo in 1848, 
as a candidate for nomination as pres. He 
pub. " Repoits U.S. Circuit Court, 1829-42," 
2 vols. 8vo ; Kulogy on James Monroe, 18.31 ; 
occnsionul addresses, &c. 

Mac Lellan, Isaac, Jun., b. Portland, 
1810. Bciwd. Coll. 1826. Practised law in 
Boston, but withdrew to Long Island, and en- 
gaged ill agriculture. Author of " The Fall 
of the Indian, with other Poems," 18.'!0; "The 
Year and Other Poems," 1832; " .Miscellane- 
ous Poems," 1844; "Journal of a Residence 
in Scotland," &c., 18.34 ; " Mount Auburn and 
Other Poems," 1 843. —5ee Grimvold's Poets of 
Amer. 

Mclieod, Alexander, D.I). (Mid. Coll. 
1809), I'resb elergvman and author, b. Is- 
land of .VInll, 1774; d. N.Y.Feb. 17,18.33. 
Un. Coll. 1798. Son of Rev. Niel of St. Hil- 
da. Came to the U.S. at the age of 18, studied 
theology, and was settled pastor of the First 
Ref. Church in N.Y. He wa.s a powerful 
preacher, a man of learning and wisdom, and 
a dev6ut Christian. Among his pubs, are " Ne- 
gro Slavery Unjustifiable," 1802; "On the 
Messiah," 1803; "On the Catechism," 1807; 
"On the Ministry," 1808; "Life and Power 
of Godliness," 1816; "Lectures on Revela- 
tions," 1814; and "Sermons on the War," 
1815. He assisted Dr. Mason in editing the 



Christ. Mag. — See Memoir t,i/ Dr. S. D. Wylie, 
1855. 

Macleod, Xavieb Doxald, author, b 
N.Y. Nov. 17, 1821 ; crushed to death by rail- 
ro.i.l accident near Cincinnati, July 20,1865. 
Col. Coll. Son of Alexander. He took orders 
in the Epis, Church in 1845, was settled fiir a 
short time in a rural parish, and travelled 
abroad 1850-2. After his return he devoted 
him.self to literary pursuits, contributing to va- 
rious magazines, and pub " Pynnshurst," N.Y., 
1852; "Life of Sir Walter Scott," "The 
Uloodstone," 1853 ; " Life of Mary Queen of 
Scots," 1857; "The Elder's House; " "Chateau 
Lescure ; " and " A Life of Fernando Wood," 
1856. His fugitive poems, some of which have 
great merit, are his most characteristic pro- 
ductions. In 1857 he became editorial y con- 
nected with tile Lender, newspaper at St. Louis. 
He subsequently became prof of rhetoric and 
belles-lettres at Mount St. Mary's Coll. near 
Cincinnati, and was ord. a priest in the R.C. 
Chiireh. 

Maclure, William, geologist, b. Ayre, 
Seoiland, 1763; d. San Angel, near the city 
of Mexico, 23 Mar. 1840. In bis youth he had 
a strong predilection for the natural sciences. 
At 19 he visited the U.S., but returned to Lon- 
don, where he acquired a fortune by commer- 
cial pursuits. In 1796 he again came to the 
U.S., and formed the plan of making geol. 
surveys of the whole country. In the course 
of his pedestrian journeys, he crossed and re- 
crossed the Alleghany Mountains 50 times. 
Constructed maps showing the results of his 
labors, pub. in the Trans, of the Amer. Pbilos. 
Soc, and pub. his Geol. Memoir in 1817. 
Pies, of the Phila. Acad, of Nat. Hist. 1817- 
40. In the Journal of this acad. he pub. the 
results of 20 visits to the W. I. Islands. In 
1803 he was in Europe as one of the commiss. 
to settle the claims of Amer. citizens against 
France lor spoliations of Amer. commerce. 
In 1819-24 he was in Spain, where he attempt- 
ed toe>talili>b an ai:iic. school. He purchased 
land and eivcied buildings near Alicante; but 
on the overthrow of the govt, his property re- 
verted to the church, from which the land had 
been confiscated. He then made a geol. tour 
through Southern .Spain. He endeavored in 
1825 to establish a similar agric. school near 
New Harmony, Ind., but did not succeed. In 
1827, hoping to restore his health, he took up 
his residence in Mexico, where he wrote his 
"Opinions on Various Subjects," mainly on 
polii. economy, 2 vols. 1837. His "Catalogue 
of .\lin. and Geol. Specimens at N. Harmony " 
was pub. 1840. He gave over 5,000 vols, to 
the library of the Phila. Acad., to which body 
his gilts amounted to $2.5,000. Many of his 
contribs. are in the early vols, of Silliman's 
Jour, ot' Science. — See Notice hij S. G. Morton, 
in Amer. Jour, of Science, xlvii. 1 . 

McMahon, Barnard, founded in 1809 a 
botanic ganlen near Phila. ; d. Sept. 1816. 
He pub. in 1806 " Tlie Amer. Gardener's Cal- 
end;ir." 

McMaster, Erasmus D., D.D., Presb. 
elergvman (s(m of Dr. Gilbert), b. Pa 1806; 
d. Chicago, Dec. 10, 1866. Un. Coll. 1827. 
Licensed to preach ia 1829; ord. 1831, and 



MCM 



588 



MCN- 



pnslor M Rallsion, N.V. ; \trv». of the S. II:in- 
OMT Tull . IiiJ.. 18.-)8-l5, of llu- Miiimi L'. 
184.'i-9; prof, of »y»t. llifol. in elm X. Allimi)- 
Tluol. S,-in. 1849-66; ami was then api>. to 
the sunn- chair l>y thi* (jon. Assciiihly itf thu 
Thwl. Sciii. of the Xorth-WMI. Author of 
■uHiK' rfli;.'iiiiis works, some surmuns, addreiiaes, 

McMoster, Gimiert, D.D. (Un. Coll. 
l8JS).u IV>1) clcrKvniaii, l>. Irvlaiiil, Feb. 13, 
1 778 ; .1. X. Alhanvilml., Mar. 17, I8.'>4. Jiff. 
Coll. 180.1. While yi't a ihilil, his father caiiic 
with liiH familv lo tiiis country, ami wttlccl as 
H fanner in hVaiiklin Co., I'a. Oiil. Au;^. 8, 
I80S, ami was settled as pastor of the coii);. in 
Unane-.linr>,', X.Y., where for 32 years, unil as 
pa't'ir of the ehuR-h in I'riiiceton, Incl., from 
1840 to 1840, lie exireiscil his ministry with 
Creat nceeptancc. Author of " An Kssay in 
l)cfi'ncc of some Fnmlaiuental Doctrines of 
Cliristiiinity ; " " An Analysis of the Shorter 
Ciiteehi-ni," 1815 ; " An' Apolocy for the 
Hook of Psalms ; " " The .Moral Cliiiraetcr of 
Civil Govt, considered," I8.'li; '" Thoughts on 
Union in l!ie Church of (Jod," 1846 ; various 
occasional scrimms. synodical speeches, eccle- 
siastical pip'-rs, anil ;irticles in |*criotlirals 

MacMichael, Mokton, journalist and 
orator, h. Burlin-ton Co., N. J., Oct. 20, 1807. 
Contrili. to PhiLi. |K'riodiials from 1824 to 
1844. Since (hat year, ■ <lilor of the Phila. 
Xortli-Ani'i-irni). A S|ie<iin'n of hiit vcree a 
in th' Phila. Book, 1 8.36. — . I //- 'wir. 

MjMin, .losF.fii, ^.-ov. of T.nn. 1815-21 ; 
d. Ch.rokcc Aircn.v 17 Xov. 1824. 

MoMurtrie, inNnv, M.D., prof, of nnat- 
oinv anil pliilos. in the Phila. hiL;h .school ; 
d. Phila. 26 May, 1805, a. 73. Author of Home 
valualilc text-looks and " Sketches of Louis- 
vill-," 8vo, 1819. 

MacNab, Sir Alan Nai-ier, a Cana- 
dian suitcsraan, b. Nia^'ara, Feb. 19, 1798; d. 
Toiimto, Auf;. 8, 1862. IIU father was a licnt. 
of ilra'.'oons in the Qnein's Kanjrirs, and prin- 
cipal aide-ile-cainp to Gen. Siiui-oe duiinj; the 
Revol. war. At the attack of Toronto bv the 
Americans, Apr. 27, 1813, Alan, then a sclmol- 
boy, cairiid a iunsk<t; soon after entend as 
a I'ni.lshipman on board Sir James Yeu's ship, 
but abtindoned th" navy for the anny ; was 
cnai^-n of the 100th Rej:r. ; was pn'sent at 
the cnptun- of Fort Nia;rara ; ancl com. the 
advanced guard at the battle of Platisbur^. 
AlVr the' war. be 8tndii'<l law, and pra»-n.seil in 
Ilniniton, ncliiis, also, as clerk of the jour- 
nals in th'- As.-<.-mbIy of I'.C. Chos n imm- 
Ikt of the A.sseiuhly in 1829; he was .subst>- 
iiHcntly s]Kak' r of th- lower lionBc. During 
tile insniTciion of 1837-8 he cotn. the mi ilia 
on the Xiagara frontier, with the rank of <ol. 
lie routed the insur^ints near Toronto, Doc. 7, 
1837, ami si-iited and burnt the steamer " Car- 
oline," employed in conveying men an<l supplies 
to thim from the American nide. This act, 
allhougb it exeiti'd much angrvcimiment in the 
U.S., was apprviTcd by the lirit. (tovt. For 
his eminent s<'r>-ices in quelling the insnm c- 
lion, he was kni-ht.-d July 14, 1838. After 
the union of the two provinces of Canada in 
1844, he became speaki-r of the new lcgi>l., and 
wa.> prime-mioistcr from 1854 to 1856; etcatud 



a l<art. in Feb. 1858. In Oct. 1857 he Rtircd 
from public life, but in I8G0 was chosen a 
memb-T of the we»t<ni division of the kgisl. 

council. — MurrjiXll. 

McNair, Gex. Alp..\anoer, gov. Mo. 
182»-l, b. Pa.; d. Mav, 1826. Apii.li.ut. inf. 
Jan. 8, 1799; dish, .fane, 1800. lie w:i8 an 
early emigrant to Mo. Terr.; adj. and in-p. 
gen. 1812; col. Mo. mi!i:ia in U.S. lenicc 
1813; he held also an im|>ortant ollicu in tbo 
Indian dipt. — Cariimr. 

McNeil, (iEx. .Ions, b. IIi!lshorough, 
X. 1 1., 1 784 ;d. Washington, D.C., Feb. 23, 1650. 
App. capl. 11th Inf. Mar. 12, 1812; maj. 
Aug. 15, 1813; brxv. lieut.-col. for Cliip|:ewn, 
July 5. 1814 ; hr v. ctd. for the b.itila of Xi- 
agara, July 25, 1814, in wliicb he was severely 
wounded; licut.-col. 1st Inf. Feb. 24, 1818; 
brev. biig.-gen. July 25, 1824; col. 1st Inf. 
Apr. 28, 1826; re>igncd Apr. 23, 18.30; app. 
surveyor of the [lort of Boston 1 829. — Hiinhn r, 

McNeil, (ii;s. J>hin, b. Biit. Provinces, 
of Ainer. parents, ah. 1820. He leamid the 
hatter's trade in Bostog, which he larried on 
successfully in St. Louis for 20 years. Pla- 
cing himself by the side of (Jen. Lyon, he 
entend the s<'mc<' May 8, 1861 ; routed the 
rxlxl brigadier Harris at Fnl on ; was placid 
by Fremont in com. of Si. Louis; made col. 
19th Mo. Vols. 3 Aug., and early in 1862 took 
com. of a cav. regt., and of the dist. of X.E. 
Mo., which he soon cleared of giieri.l:i8, de- 
feating Porter at Kirkiville, 6 Aug. He was 
made a bri^'.-gen. 29 Xov. 1862, and tlLstiiig. Iiiin- 
eell'in dtl'ence of Cajw Giranleau in tin spring 
of 1863, and during the raid by and pursuit 
of lien. Price in Oct. 1864. 

McNeil, Gtx. William Ginns, engineer 
and soldier, b. X.C, 18t)2; d. Bn.o!,hn. Feb. 
16,1853. West Point, 1817. Entering' the art. 
he rose to the rank of maj. of to|s)g. cngrs., 
and nuigned Xov. 23, 18.37. lie was many 
vears employwl as a railroad cngr., and iii 
building tlir dry docks at Brooklyn. Di;ring 
the Dorr cxeitenient in R.T., he com. th-- S:ate 
troops as in.ij.-gin., acting thruiighouc with 
pniilenec and liniinins. — CnnhiT. 

McNeven, William James, M.D., schfv 
lar and phvsicinn, b. (iaiwav Co., Ireland, 
Mar. 26, 1703; d. X.Y. City.'July 12. 1841 ; 
cdncat d ot the col eges of Prague and Vienna, 
at the latter of which he grad. in 1784. He 
b-raine a m"ml»T of the 80< iety of Unittd 
Irislnnen. anil after an imprLsoiiim nt of A years 
was lib r.it'-d, and ]ia.ssed the sumnuror 18C2 
in tmvilling through Switzi'riand on foot, of 
which joiimev he inih. nn account, entitled 
" A Rainlde in Switierlaiid." H.' was snb*^ 
miently a enpt. in the Irish brigade of the 
Freii.h army, but resigned his comnii.-.-ion, 
and emigrati^l to Amer., arriving at Xi w York 
July 4, 1804. From 1808 to 18.30 he was a 
prof, in the Coll. of Pliys. and Siin-ri., or in a 
med. school conncctwl with KnlgrrsCo!!., X..L 
In 1812 he was app. by Gov. Clinton r-sid.'nt 
physician; in 1840 was a s<>-ond tiim nomi- 
iin;e<l to the snm- ollio- ; and in tb • cholera 
seasiin of 1S32 he was oil" of ihe iie dical coun- 
cil, lie pub. an " Expo-ition of l!e- Atomic 
theory;" "Pii-ces of Insli lliBtorv,"8vo, 1807; 
" Use and Constnivtion of the Mine Anger,*' 



jiLcyr 



580 



aicp 



Lonil. 1788; and an edition of Brando's chemis- 
try, b 'sides occasional addr^ sscs, and he was 
also a cjiitrib. to scientific journals. — Gross's 
Med. /?.»7. 

MeNutt, Alexaxder G., gov. of llpi. 
18.37-41, b. Rockl.rid^e Co., Va., 1801 ; il. 
Dc Soto Co., Mpi., Oct. 22, 1S4S. Wasli. 
Coll. Va. Ill 1824 he removed to Jackson, 
nnd subsequently to Vicksbiirg, Mpi., where 
he pr.ictised law. In 1835 he was elected to 
the State senate from Warren Co. Careless, 
.slovenly, and intemperate in the earlier part 
of his life, his vices were latterly all concrt- 
ed. He was formidable in debate, and upon 
" the stump" had no superior. 

Macomb, Alexander, mnj.gen. U.S.A., 
b. Detroit, 13 Apr. 1782; d. Wasliington, 25 
June, 1841. llis father Alex., member N.Y. 
legisl. at the adoption of the U.S. Const., d. 
Georget., U.C, 19 Jan. 1831, a. 82. He had 6 
sous in the war of 1812-15. Alex, was edu- 
cated in Newark, N.J. ; was app. cornet, of 
cav. 10 Jan. 1799 ; became niaj. corps of eiigs. 
23 Feb. 1808; licut.-yol. 23 July, 1810; col. 
3d Art. 6 July, 1812 ; brig.-gen. 24 Jan. 1814 ; 
maj.-gen. 24 Jlav, 1828; gcn.-in-chicf from 
that date until his d. Engaged in construct, 
and rep. of fortifications, chiefly in the Caroli- 
nas, 180.)-! 2; acting adj.-gen. of the army 28 
Apr. to 6 July; engaged at Sackett's Harbor, 
N.Y. ; bombard, of Ft. Niagara 21 Nov. 1812 ; 
capture of Ft. George, U.C, 27 May, 1813; 
com. the forces which gained the victory of 
Piattsburg, 1 1 Sept. 1814, for which he received 
thanks of Cong., a gold medal, and hrev. of 
maj.-gen. ; com. of engineers, and insp. .Milit. 
Acad. 1821-8; and took the field for. a short 
time in the Flu. war in 1836. Author of tre.i- 
tise " On Martial Law and Courts-Martial," 
1809. — S<e Memoirs bj Geo. H. Richards, N. Y. 
1833. 

Macomb, William H., commo. U.S.N., 
b. Detroit, .Mich., June 16, 1318. Son of the 
preceding. Midship. Apr. 10, 1834 ; lieut. Feb. 
27, 1847 ; com. July 16, 1862 ; capt. July 25, 
1866 ; commo. July, 1870. In sloop " Ports- 
moutli," E. I. squad., 1856-8; engaged and 
captured the barrier forts. Canton, China, Nov 
16-22, 1856; com. " Metacomet," Paragu.iy 
expcd., 1859; steamer "Genesee," 1862-3; 
attempted the passage of contcd. batteries at 
Port Hudson, Mar. 14, 1863; and was in fre- 
quent actions with confed. batteries in April- 
June, 1863; com. "Shamrock," N.A. block, 
squad., 1864-5; com. naval force in capture 
of Piymoutli, N.C., Oct. .30, 1864; and in ac- 
tion with confeds. on the Roanoke River, near 
Poplar Point, N.C., and for his gallantry and 
energy in this service was advanced in grade; 
com. steam-sloop " Plymouth," Kurop. squad., 
1869 ; light-house insp. 1871. — llamersli/. 

Macon, Natuaxikl, statesman, b. VVar- 
ren Co , N.C., 1757 ; d. there June 29, 1837. 
Sent to Princeton to complete his education, 
he returned home when the Rcvol. closed the 
halls of science, and vol. as a private in the 
comp. of his bro. Col. John Macon. He was 
present at the fall of Charleston, the rout of 
Cnmden. and the retreat of Greene across Caro- 
lina. Member of the General Assembly in 
1780-5. About this lime he m. Miss Hannah 



Plummcr. Hcoppo.scd the adoption of the U S. 
Constitution as conferring too much powct 
on the new govt. ; and he twice declined the 
postmasier-gciioralship tendered by Jetfcrson. 
M.C. 1791-1815; U.S. senator 1816-23; 
from 1801 to 1806 hewa> speaker of the house; 
and from 1825 to 1828 he presided jiro tempore 
in the senate; pres. of the Slate Const. Conv. 
of 1835 The State preserved the memory of 
his services by naming a county after him in 
1828. He was the bosom-friend of Jefferson 
and Madison ; and no one was more dcv<ited 
to him than John Randolph, who characterizes 
him in his will as " the best and purest and 
wisest man that I ever knew." A sketch of 
his lile hy E. R. Cotton was pub. at B.alii- 
morc, 1S40. 

McPherson, Edward, LL.D. (Pa. Coll. 
1867), b. Gettysburg, Pa., 31 July, 1S.30. Pa. 
Coll. 1843. He edited a paper at Harrisbiirg 
a few years ; was .M.C. 18.59-63 ; clerk of that 
body 1863-9 ; and sec. " Union National Com- 
mittee" 1860—4. Author of a " Political Histo- 
ry of the U.S. during the Rebellion," and a 
'■ Political Manual," and of two series of Let- 
ters on the Internal Affairs of Pa. He has de- 
livered many addresses on literary and other 
topics. One of the proprietors and editor of 
the Crlliphnrij Sndiiul. 

Macpberson, James, author of the 
" Poems of Os^i,ln," b. Inverness, Scotland, 
1738; d. Feb. 17, 1796. In 1764 he accoinp. 
Gov. Johnston to Fla. as private sec. ; but after 
spending a short time there, and visiting olher 
parts of N.A. , he returned to Lond. in 1766. 
In 1775 he supported the measures of Lord 
North, by his " Rights of Great Britain over 
her Colonics asserted," and was rewarded 
with the lucrative olfice of agent to the nabob 
of Arcot, and a seat in house o( commons. 

McPherson, James Bikdsete. brig.-gen. 
U.S.A., 11. Clyde, Sandusky Co., 0., 14 Nov. 
1828; killed near Atlanta, Ga., 22 July, 18C4. 
West Point, 13.53 (1st in his class). Entering 
the engr. corps, he was assist, instr. at West 
Point in 1853-4 ; was engaged on ;hc defences 
of N.Y. harbor in 1854-7, and in San Fran- 
cisco Bay in 185.9-61 ; 1st lieut, 13 Dec. 1858 ; 
capt. 6 Aug. 1861 ; brig.-gen. vols. 15 May, 
1862; maj.-gen. vols. 8 Oct. 1862; brig.-gen. 
U.S.A. 1 Aug. 1863 for his great services in 
the capture of Vicksburg. Nov. 12, 1861, he 
was aide de camp to Gen. Halleck, and chief 
cngr. of the Army of the Tenn. ; at the capture 
of Forts Henry and Donelson, the battle of 
Shiloh, the operations around Corinth, the 
buttle of luka. and the second battle of Cor- 
inth. In the advance through Central Mpi. 
in Nov. and Dec. 1862, he com. one wing of 
the army (the 17th Corps) with great ability. 
At the battle of Port Gibson, the advance from 
Hankerson's Ferry to Jackson, the 17lh 
Corps fought the bulk of Johnston's army 
alone, and was conspicuous at Champion 
■Hills. He repulsed the« enemy at Canton, 
Mpi.; was second in com. to Gen. Sherman in 
the exped. to .Meridian in Feb, 1864: and in 
the Atlanta Campaign disting. himself at Ke- 
saca, Dallas, Allatoona, Kulp House, and 
Kenesaw ; having been app. 12 Mar. 1864, 
com. of the dept. and Army of the Tenn. In 



MAC 



rm 



MCW 



the hattic Iiefore Atlnntn lip liclj the left of the 
line. While siij)eiiiiien>liii;: nn mlvance of the 
.skirini«h-line he via* ainlm-hnl iiiul shot, lie 
«ii< iiiu' of the bWisi oHiciTs of llie nniiy. 

Macpherson, <iKs. Willi »m, b. I'hiln. 
i:.")i> ; tf. iiiiir ih.r., Nov. ISl.l. Son of Ciipt. 
John, iiii'l .\I;ir-ar.l, si>nr of Or. John Uo>\- 
izvr* of N \'. Hi- iiliiiaeion win eom|ilet('il nt 
I'linoclon. S.J. Ajip. n iMilet in the British 
arinv iit 1.1, he iKviiinc liiut. nnd mlj. of the 
IGih He;;t. lie joined the Aiiier. nrniv on the 
Ilnilson lib. the enil of 1779, nnd wii« ni)p. by 
Washington n brev. major. After servin;; ns 
Hiile-di'-eatnp to Lafayette, he was nfterw.irds 
«pp. by Washington to com. a partisan eorps 
oi eavalry, nrhiih served in Va in 1781. App. 
surveyor of the |>ort of I'hila Sept. 19, 1789; 
insp. of the revenue. Mar. 8, 1792 ; nnd naval 
officer, Nov. '.>8, 1793, which offii-e he held till 
his death. He was made a col , *ul»eqncntly 
brig.-;:en. of militia, and Mar. II, I7'.i9, was 
app. bri;;.-t:en. of the provisional army of the 
L.S. ; b;x). of John, aide to Moutcomery, who 
fell at Q«el>ec. A son, JoSKPii Stoct, eapt. 
U S X., d. 28 Agr. 1S24, a. 3b. — Ha/rri. 

UcRae, John J., hov. Mpi. 18.^4-S ; b. 
Wavne To.. .Mpi. nb. 1810; d. Baliw, British 
Hoildnnts, .May ,30. 1868. U. of Mpi. 18.14. 
Hi' received a ^ood tdueation ; adopted the 
profession of the law ; was fri'qiienlly elected 
lo the State ligisl , oiH' iatin;- during 2sessiiins 
us speaker; wtisalsuelected to the State senate ; 
was in IS.'il for a short time in the U.S. senate ; 
M.C. 1855-61. Joined in the Itebcllion, but 
did not become prominent. 

Mac Rea, Willum.coI. U.S.A. ; d. near 
Pliawucetomi. Ill , Nov. 3, 18.12, a. 65. App. 
from Va. lienl.of leviesof 1791 ; wounded al St. 
Clair's defeat, Nov. 4, 1791 ; eapt. Dec. 1794; 
eapt. art. June, 1798; mnj. July 31, 181)0; 
licut H-ol. .Apr. 1814. disting. in battle of N. 
Orl.ans; brev, col. Apr. 19, 1824.— Ganlnrr. 

McRee, Griffith Joiix. lawver and 
author, b. Wilmin':t..n, N.C., 20 Sept. 1820. 
N.J. Coll. I8.)8, Adm. to the l)ar 1811 ; m. 
Penelo|>c, dau. of Gov. Iredell. Author of 
" I.ifc of James Iredell," 2 vols. 8vo, 1857. 
Grandson of Col G. J. McRee (b. N.C. 17.13, 
d. Wilminsiton, N.C., Oct. 1801 ), nephew of 
William, who came from Down Co., Ireland, 
and in 1737 wasajudi;cat Wilmin;;ton, N.(". ; 
mnj and lieut.-eol in the Uevid army; eapt 
artillerists nnti cnjis. .lune 2, 1794; collector 
of ri'venue dist. of Wilinini;ion, N.C., Apr. 
1798, His father, James F., nn eminent phy- 
sician and naturalist, b. Wilmin;:tQn, 1778. 
d. in the fall of 1869 (Coll. of Phvs. and 
Sur<,fs.. NY). G. J. is a member of tlic N.Y. 
and Wise. Hist Societies, and of the N. E. H. 
and Gf'iieal. Society. 

McHee, WilLi.iji, colonel U.S.A.. son 
of Col. t; .1. McKw, b. Wilmincton, N.C , 
Dec 13. 1787; d. St. Louis, .Mo, 10 Sept. 
1 832. West Point (lieut. of engn ), 1805. 
Capt. 23 Feb. 180»; mnjor, July 31 , 1812; 
rhiefenur. in Gen. Brown's army, 1814 ; brev. 
lii-ut.-col. for Knilnnt conduct in Imttle cf 
Niapira, July 25 ; brev col. for (listing, and 
merit, .service in defence of Fort F.ric, Aug. 15, 
1814; lient.-col. Nov. 12,1818; US -iirvcM.r- 
gen. public lands, III, Mo , and Ark. Terri- 



torico, Jan. 1825 to 18.32. In 1816 he was cent 
with Major Thayer on a miuion to Frnnce to 
cidli-et siientitic and military information for 
the inilitnry ncad. Ifi -ignet'l 1819. He iiO»- 
sessisl a highly cultivated mind and excellent 
judgment. 

McSparran, Jamkh, D.D. (U. of Gla«ir. 

1737). an Kpisc. clergytnan, b. Ireland; d. S. 
Kingston, R.I., Dec 'l, 1757. Ord. deacon, 
Aug. 21, and priest, Sept. 25, 1720, hewaskcnt 
an a missionary to Narragansett, R I., where 
ho splint the rest of his n^ef«l life. Arriving 
Apr. 28, 1721, he imniediatelv commenced his 
lalMirs in the Churfli of St. I'anl's, Kingston. 
Wi kitis U|Mlike has pub. a l.irge octavo vol. 
of interesting noti-»,hiiigr«phical nnd historical, 
relative to this society. May 22, 1722, he was 
m. to Hannah, dau. of William, and sister of 
Dr. Sylvanns Gardiner of Bo>ton. Dr. Mc- 
Sparran pub. a series of letters entitled "Anier- 
ii a Dissi-etcd," an historical tract of merit, 
1752; also sermons and other occasional pn»- 
dueiions eliritnl bv incidenis in hi- inini-trv. 

Mac Vickar, John, D.D. { Col. Coll. 1 825), 
author and •'U'r,:vinnn, h. N.Y. 1787; d. Blooni- 
ingdale, X.Y., tit 29. 1868. Col. Coll. 1804. 
After spi'nding some timent C.imbridge, Enp., 
he wa-s onl. an Episc. clergyman, and in 1811 
was settli-d over a parish !n Hyde Park, N.Y. 
In 1817-57 he was prvif. of moral philo-., rhet- 
oric, and Ullcs-lettn"" in Col. Coll.; prof of 
nat. and rev. relit'ion in 1857-64; and afei'- 
ward emeritus prof and chaplain at Govern- 
or's Island. Author of "A Domestic Narra- 
tive of the Lifiof Saml. Bard," 1822; "Ouflineg 
of Political Economv," 1825; " Earlv Years," 
1834; "The Pn.fcs I'onal Yean" of Uf-liop Ho- 
hart," 18.36; '■Remains of R. v, Edmund D. 
Griffin, with M iiioir," 2 vols. 8vo, 18.31 ; "On 
Abolishing Dam.iges on Protest.-d Bills," 4c., 
8vo, 1829 ; " Hints on Banking," 1S27 ; and of 
numerous e-savs, addn«sr-, &c. — Sre I ije b« 
W. A. .l/.l7.<;.r. New York, 1871. 

Macwhorter, ALEXANorn, D.D. (T.C. 

1776), Pre-sb. divine, b. Newc:vsil Co.. Del., 15 
Julv, 1734; d. N.wark, N.J., 20 Jidv, 1807. 
N.J. Coll. 1757. Settled near Newark m 1759; 
was employed in a mission to N.C. in 1764-6 ; 
and in 1775 was 8«Mtt by Cimgrcss to the wretem 
counties of N.C. to p<rsuade th numerous rov 
ali.sts there to .ndopt the jiairiot cau>e. Cli.ij)- 
lain to Kiion's bri^-ade in 1778; settlc<l in Chai^ 
lotie, N.C, in 1779. but from 1780 to hi- d'-ath 
prea'-hc»l in Ni'wark. In 1788 he was iirDini- 
ncnt in settling the confession of faith,an(l form- 
ing the con-titntioii of the I'rcsh. Chunh. In 
1800 he pub. a century sennon at Newark, nnd 
in 1803 a coil, of s rmonsin 2 vo's. — Siirai/w. 
McWillie, William, politician, b. "near 
Lil>ertv Hill, K.rshaw Dist., S.C, Nov. 17, 
1795;d. Kirk«o.><l, Mpi., Mar. 3, 1869. S.C. 
Coll. 1817. During the warof 1812 with Eng., 
he sened as adj. in the n>giment of his father. 
Col. Adam McW. Ailni. to the har in 1818, 
he lie»'ame a sm-otisful lawver; many yi>an« a 
representative an I senator in the S.C.'icgiil.; 
and in 1845 removed to Mpi , wher- he bad 
established a large planting ini r>-st 10 years 
before. M.C. from Mpi. 1849-51 , nnd gov. in 
1858-60. He was ai-tive and pniminmt in the 
Rebellion. 



lslA.T> 



591 



IMA-F 



Madison, CiEonGE, soldipr and statesman, 
h. Va. lT6.i; (1. Paris, Ky., Oct. 14, 1816. 
Having' at an early period removed to Ky., at 
till' ajre of 17 he served as a soldier on our west- 
ern ifontier, and was en};a;^ed in several liat- 
tles \vi;li the Indians. lie com. a company, 
and was wounded, und'r St. Clair ; Heut. Kv. 
mounted vols, under Miij. Adair ; wounded In 
action with Indians, near Fort St. Clair, Nov. 
6. 1792 ; maj. Ky. vols, in hatilo with British 
and Indian- at Krenelitown, Jan. 18, 181.1 ; and 
under W'ilkin.son in his defeat at Kivcr Raisin, 
where lie was taken prisoner. After beiiii,' 20 
years auditor of the puldic accounts, he was 
chosen gov. of Ky. for 4 years in 181 G, hut d. 
a few weeks after his eU'clion. Bro. of hishop M. 

Madison, James, 4ih pres. of the U.S., h. 
Port Conwav, Kin;,' (! or;.'e Co., Va., 16 Mar. 
1751 ; d. .M.)htp llier.Va., 28 June, 18.56. N. J. 
Coll. 1771. Son of Col. James and Nelly Con- 
way, lie studied law, and liy close application 
injured his health. In 1776 he was elected to 
the Va. Assemhly ; in 1778 to the exec, coun- 
cil, and in 1779 to Con;rrcss. In this'hody he 
stron;;;ly op]>oscd tli ■ issue of paper money hy 
the States; a.s chairman of the com. lo prepare 
instructions to the U.S. fonijin ministers, drw 
up an aide jiajier in supjiort of our tcMTi;orial 
claims and tlie free navi;:ation of the M; i., and 
zealously advocated in 178.3 the establishment 
of a system of -en^ral revenue. Member of 
the convention which in 1787 formed the U.S. 
Constitution, taUin;^ a prominent part in the 
debates, and supportin;^ it in a series of able 
essays in the Lclralist, and also in the Va. 
convention of 1783. M.C. 1789-97, uniting' 
with tha Rci)ul>ii<ans as a moderate opponent 
of the administration of Washington ; and in 
179.3 declined the post of see. of state vacated 
by Jclfrson. He opposed the alien and sedi- 
tion laws of 1798, and was the author of a se- 
ries of resolutions adopted by the legisl. of Va., 
and knoi™ as the "Resolutions of 1798," 
which protested a^rainst all attempts to increase 
the power of the fjovt. by forced eonstnicfions 
of genera! clauses of the Constitution. See. of 
state in 1801-9; elected pres. in 1808; and re- 
elected in 1 81 2. On taking his olliee 4 Mar. 1 809, 
he found the U.S. involved in dis|>nteswith the 
British Govt, upon the impressment of her sea- 
men, the searchmg of her vessels for deserters, 
and ujion comimreial restrictions by orders in 
council. Xon-intenoni-se was dicreed in May, 
1810,andwarwasdeelar.d l."* June, 1812. Can- 
ada was invaded; Wa.-hin;:ton w.t.s captured and 
the Capitol humid in Aug. 1814; and 8 Jan. 
1815, Jackson aeliieveil a splendid victory at 
N. Orleans. A treaty of peace was signed at 
Ghent 24 Dec. 1814;' but the right of search 
was not ridiiKiuished. After his retirement, he 
passed his days on his farm at Montpelliir. 
Dorothy Torld, whom he m. in 1794, and who 
Ion" occujiied a prominent place in society, d. 
12 July, 1849, a. 82. Madison wm theper- 
sonal and political friend of Jeli'^rson, though 
their characters were essentially dilii.rent. His 
" Reports of the De!>ates in til ■ National Con- 
vention of 1787" were pub. .3 vols. 8vo, 1840, 
under the supervi-ion of H. D. Gilpin. Hi; 
was a ineiu'i-rof th'^ Va. convention of 1329 
loainend its eoiis'if.ition. His luiiipic.e works 



have been pub. iu « vols. 8vo. — Sic W. C. 
rHves's IJf anil Tiiwaof Madison, 3 vols. 1859- 
68; J. Q. Aihms's Lifi of Mnilisrm, 1850. 

Madison, JamIiS, IJ.D., Pr.-Epis. bishop 
of Vn., b. near Port Rejiublic, Va., Aug. 27, 
1749; d. Mar. 6, 1812. Wm. and Marv Coll. 
1768. Son of John, who was cousin of the fa- 
ther of President Madison, and lor a long time 
clerk of West Augusta. At an i arly age the 
son wius sent to an aetid. in Md. Atnong other 
honorable testimonials of profici 'my, he re- 
ceived in 1772 the gold medal iissigned by Lord 
Botetourt for the encouragement of clasical 
learning. lie studied law under Mr. Wythe, 
and was adm. to the bar, but devoted hiiiiself 
to the church. In 1773 he was chosen prof, 
of mathematics in Wm. and Mary Coll., of 
which he was pres. from 1777 to his death. 
He visited London, where he continued until 
the latter part of 1778, enjoying the insJruction 
of Cavallo in nat pbilos., and of olh'r disting. 
men in various bitinches of science. In 1734 
he gave up the mathematical dept. of the coll., 
and became prof, of nat. and mor.d philos., and 
continued in this office until his death. In 
1788 Mr. Madison was chosen bishop of the 
Pr.-Ep. Church, and was consec. in Eng. Sept. 
19, 1790. Various universities and literary so- 
cieties subserjueutly conferred their honor- on 
him. Under bis care the coll. of Wtn. and 
Mary advanced steailily in reputation. His only 
publications were several occasional discourses, 
a " Eulogy on Washington," 1 800, a large 
map of Virginia, and papers in Barton's Jour- 
nal, and in "Trans. Amer. Soc." ii., iii., iv. 

MadockawandO, sachem of Penobscot, 
was a poweitui chief in the wai'of 1676. He 
assisted the Frenchman Pontneuf at the cap- 
ture of Casco Fort in May, 1690, and June 10, 
1692, co-operated with the French in the im- 
siiecessful attack on Storcr's garrison in Wells, 
com. by Cijit. Convers. He afterward entered 
into the treaty at Pemaquid ; but Thury the 
missionary jiersiiadcd him again to take up the 
hatchet. In 1694 he accomp. the Sieur de 
Villiers with 25(i Indians in the attack at Oyster 
River, Pisi ataqna, killing and capturing, July 
17, nearly loll persons, and burning 20 houses. 
He fought bravely, carried his scal])S to Canada, 
and was rewarded by Frontenac. 

Madrid de, Jose Ft.RSANDEZ. b. Cartlia- 
geiia, S. America, 1789; d. 1830. Chosen pres. 
ot the ivpiililic of New Granada in 1816, but 
in the same year was made prisoner by the 
Spaniards; escaping after 9 years' imprison- 
ment at Havana, he was employed by Bolivar 
as secret agent at Paris. Author of " Atala," 
a traiicdv. 

Mafdtt, John Neweand, an eloquent 
Meth. preacher, b. Dublin, Ireland, Dec. 28, 
1794; d. .Mobile, Ala., May 28, 18.i0. He be- 
came a preacher in Ireland, and displayed 
remarkable oratorial powers. He came to the 
L'.S iu 1819; was adm. into the X.E. conl. ; 
and for 13 years was app. to some of the most 
nroniliieut churches. Removing to New York, 
tie preached, lectured, and delivered addresses, 
iti various parts of the country. In 1833 he 
was connected with the Wmlfrn Methodist, a 
weeklv journal. His labors as a preacher nl 
the W'eot aud t;ai:;h were attended with great 



MAO 



592 



MAI 



success. Ill' w«» elected lo the cliair of elocu- 
tion Bnd Iwllis-letirc* in Lii (■iran;.'e Coll., Ala., 
in IS37, mid wns cliaulain to C°uii^i\'»s In 1C41. 
In 1847 liu tiHik up liiii residcnec in Arkflnsiis. 
Author of " Poems," l2iiio, I^ni~villc. 18.39; 
" Tears of Contrition " (an aiiioliio^.), l2mo, 
1821.— 5e>- Trial of J. f. liuckimjhnm fw IM 
on, 1822. Ills son', Jons Nkwland, a ca^it. 
in tlicconfed. navy, entered the U.S.N, as mid- 
■hipm. in [^:\2 ; was a com. in 1861, and dur- 
inp the lielivlliun did ^reat daiua;^ to U. S. 
cammerec in " The Florida." 

Magaw, RouEKT, col. 6tli Pa. Regi. in the 
Rcvol. arniv ; d. Carlisle, Pa., Dec. 1789. He 
quitted the Phila. bar to join as major, Tlioni|>- 
son's rilie rejrt. ; lom. at Ft. \Vnshin);ton, and, 
after a liruve difinoe, was conipelled to sur- 
rcniler tlml post 16 Nov. 1776. 

Magellan or Magalhaens, Ferdinan-d 

DE, a famous PortU);ueAC navigator, b. ab. 
1470; d. Apr. 27, 1621. Me berved under 
Albuquerque in the East Inilies, ande-sjieciallv' 
disting. himself Mt the taking of Malacca in 
1511. He afterward entered ihc Spanish ser- 
vice, and was intrusted by Charles V. with 
the com. of a fleet destined to explore a pas- 
sage to the Molucca Islands, by sailing west- 
ward. The voyage was begun Sept. 20, 1519; 
ab. the end of Oct. 1520, he entered the straits 
since called aft. r him; and Nov. 27 discovered 
anil nameil t'lo Pacific Ocean. Continuing his 
course, he arrived at the Lndronc Islands ab. 6 
March, 1521, and subsequently at the Philip- 
pines, on one of which he lost his life in a skir- 
mish with the nalives, or, as some accounts 
state, by the mutiny of his crew. One of his 
ships, with 18 men, escaped, and reached Seville, 
Sept. 8, 152:;, under Sebastian del Cano, who 
first cin-nminirigated the globe. An Italian 
named Pigafetta, who accomp. Magellan, kept 
a journal of this Inst voyage, which was pub. — 
6Vr .lliiii>r'.< roi/lI'/M, V. 1. 

Maginnis, John, journalist, b. Dromore, 
I^laniT, l.xu ; d. N. Orleans, 3 Mar. 1-163. A 
n-sident of X.O. ; many years connected with 
the press ; one of the editors of the Piaiyuiie, 
I84.'l-.") ; 18 Nov. 1849, he commenced lo pub. 
the True /t'lla, whiih he made one of the most 
popular, influential, and profitable papers of 
the day. 

MagOOn, Elisha L., D.D., Baptist clergy- 
man and author, b. Lebanon, K. II., Oct. 20, 
1810. His father was an architect, lie was 
a bricklayer's apprentice between the a.'cs of 
16 and 20. Ord. in 1840, he was 6 years pas- 
tor of the Second Baptist Church at Uichniond, 
Va. ; then made the tourof Europe, and on his 
return iK'canie pastor of a church in Cincinnati. 
In IS49 he removed" to N.Y. Ciiy, and tiecamc 
pasior of the Oliver-street Baptist Church ; in 
1857 he was settled in Albany. He has pub. 
"Orators of the Araer. Kevol.," N.Y. 184S; 
" Living Orators in Anierica," 1849; "Crumbs 
for the People," 1849 ; " Ucpuhliran Christian- 
ity," 1849; "Western Empire." 1856; " Elo- 
quence of the Colonial Times," Ciii. 1847 ; and 
" Eloqu'iiie anil Lil>ertv," an oration at I*x- 
int'toii. Va.. 24 June, 1846. 

Magruder, -Vli^n B., lawyer and U.S. 
senator from Lo. in 1813. b. Kr. ; d. Opclousas, 
I.n., A;ir. 1822. lie pub. " lieSi.ctions on the 



Cession of Xj\.," Svo, Le.xingtnn, 1803; "A 
Character of Mr. .leffV'rson ; " and had coileci> J 
materials for u g' n. Iii'-t of the Indians. 

Magruder, Joiix BANKiiEAD.geu. C.S.A, 

b. Va. ab. 1810; d. Houston, Tix., 19 Feb. 
1871. West Point, is.to Entering 7th Inf., 
he became 1st lieut. March 31, 1836 ; capt. 18 
June, 1846; in 1847 was brev. major fur gal- 
lantry at Cerro Gonio, and lieut.-col. for Cna- 
fpulte|)ec, where he wa- wminded ; and com. the 
iglit buttery with Gen. Pillow's diiision. Ha 
rt'signed Apr. 20, 1861 ; was made a col. in the 
Army of \ a., and com. at Yorktown until ita 
evacuation, May 3, 1862, having received the 
successive grades of brig, and inaj. gen. in the 
Confed. service. He look part in the battles 
of the Chickahominy campaign ; Oct 16, 1862, 
was put in command of the forces in Texas, 
Arizona, and N. Mexico, and cum. the ex|icd. 
which obliged the national forces to evacuate 
Galve-ton. 

Maham, Col. Hezekiah,RcvoI. odiccr, h. 
parish of St. Stephens, S.C, June 26, 1739; d. 
1789. Member of the first Prov. Congrt-ss of 
S.C. ; capt. in Hugcr's regt. in the spring of 
1776; was at the siege of Savannah and the 
battle of Stonu ; was a coin of horse in Mjirion's 
brigade, and lieut.-col. of an inde|>eiiilent cav. 
corps; and bore an cfTieient and conspicuous 
pun in the capture of several Bri:i.'>h jiosls in 
S.C. In the attack on Fort Wat-on, Maham 
suggested the erection of a quadrangular lower 
of siiffieient height to overlook the stockades. 
Upon the top of ibis a parapet was made, 
afiording shelter for marksmen. This rendereil 
the post untenable, and it was obliged to sur- 
render. — /jKsinij. 

Mahan, Dennis H., LL.D., engineer, b. 
N.Y. City, 1802; drowniKl in the Hudson 
River 16 Sept. 1871. West Point, 1824. Assist, 
[irof. matlis. at W. Point, l!>21-5 ; a.s>isi. jirof. 
eng 1 825-6; act. pnf. milii. ami ci>il eng. 
1830; prof of same Mar. 1831 to bis d. Ue 
was under ordtTs in I^nrope in I?27-30 ; at- 
taclied to the military s< liool at Meiz in 1829- 
30 ; under onlers in Europe from .M.'iy to Nov. 
1837. Author of"Elem. Tit-ati.-e on Civil 
Engineering," Svo, 1S.)3; "Field Fortifica- 
tions," Svo, 1836; " Advanced Guar.l Ontpo t 
and Detachment Service," 1847 ; " Permanent 
Fortifications," 1867; " Industrial DrawinL-." 
Svo, 18.'i2; Moselev's " Architecture and En- 
gineering," 1856; " Fortification Dmwing and 
Stcreotomy." 1865. His works are •.ext-liooks 
at West Point and in some of the U.S. Cid- 
leges. MemlKT of many scient. socioiics; 
LL.D. of Win. and Mary, brown, and D.irim. 
Colls. — CuHun. 

Mahan, Milo, D.D., Pr.-Ep clergyman 
and author; d Baltimore 4 Sept. 1870. Sonic 
years prof, in Col. Coll., aflcrwarl rector of St. 
Vaul's Church, Baltimore ; recently electeil 
prof, of sy.'.temalic divinity in the N.Y. Gen. 
Theol. Sem. Author of an able reply to Co- 
lenso's works against the inspimtion of the 
Scriptures, and of a curious work on the signi- 
ficance of the nuinliers in the Scripiures. 

MaiCland, Ji)!!*, lieut.-col., a British o(B- 
ccr; il Savannah, (Ja.. Oct. 25, 1779. He had 
lost a hand in the R. Indies ; was a man of 
fortune, and a uicmW of the British parii* 



MLAJL. 



593 



MLA-L 



tnont; lient.-col. 71st Rest. Oct. 14, 1778, 
and (iisiing. at the siei^e of SavaniiMli; coin, 
liiial expedition, Mav 8, 1778, which de- 
siiiivcd tlie Aiiicr. shijiping in the Delaware 
liiv.'i-, 

Makemie, Francis, an early Presh. min- 
ister of Va., b. Doiic^'al Co., Ireland ; d. Bos- 
ton in the summer of 1708. lie came from 
Scotland ali. 1G82; preached in Va. and the^ 
Carolinas, and was in 1G90 a resident of Ac- 
coinac Co., Va. ; engaged in the \\M. trade. 
He afterward qualified hini,sclf under the Tol- 
eration Act in Barbadoes as a Dissenting min- 
i^ter; and in 1699 pub. in Edinhurgh '' Truths 
in a New Light," &e In Oct. 1699 he was 
licensed to preach in Va. He went to Kng. in 
1704, and pub. in Lontlon " A Plain and Lov- 
ing Persua.^ion to the Inhabitants of Va. and 
Md for promoting Towns and Co-habitation." 
Kcturning in 1705, he was licensed to officiate 
on the eastern shore of Md. For preaching in 
N.y. Jan. 19, 1707, he was arrested by Gov. 
Cornbiiry, and imprisoned two months. He 
soon after went to Boston, where this sermon 
was printed. He also pub. " A Narrative " of 
the affair, which w;is reprinted in I7.")5 by 
Hnuh Gaine in N.Y., and in Force's Tracts, v. 
Cornbury wrote to the lords of trade and the 
pl.inta'ions, that Makemie was "a preacher, 
a doctor of physic, a merchant, an attorney, a 
counsellor at law, and, which is worst of all, a 
di.^turber of governments " In 1692 he pub. 
in Boston " An Answer to George Keith's Li- 
bel on a catechism pub. by F. Makemie ; " im- 
l>rimatur Increase Mather. He po.s3csscd learn- 
ing, energy, talent, and public spirit. — Presb. 
C'/i. in America. 

Makin, Thomas, poet, d. Pa. KS.'i. He 
was an early settler of Pa. ; was in 1689 usher 
to (icorge Keith in the Friend's Grammar 
School, succeeding him as master in 1690. He 
was forsome time clerk of the Prov. Assembly, 
He pnb. two Latin poems in 1728 and 1729, 
inscribed lo James Logan, entitled " Encomium 
I'f nnsi/lfiini(c," and " /n himlis Pemisi/lvwiiiP. 
Piitmii'' extracts from which are in Proud's 
■' History of Pennsylvania." 

MallSone, Edward G., portrait-painter, 
b. ISeW|ort, R.I, Aug. 1777; d. Savannah, 
Ga., May 7, 1807. He early displayed a tal- 
ent for p^unting, and, while a boy, painted an 
entire scene fora theatre. At 17 he cstitli'islied 
him-elf in Providence as a portrait-painter. 
Removing to Boston in 179G. he praeti-ed 
there, and in New York and Pliila., until, in 
I'^OO, he accomp. Allston to Charleston, and 
the next year to Europe. While in London, 
M:dlKinc was urged by West, the pres. of the 
Royal Acad., to remain ; but he returned to 
Charleston in Dee. 1801. He painted mitiia- 
lures in various places with high repute, until 
hi< intense a|:plieation undermineil his health, 
ami, relinquishing his pencil in the summer of 
1806, he soon after made a voyage to the W. 
Indies, from which he derived no benefit. 
Many of his portraits arc owned in Charleston, 
where lie was often employed. His other com- 
positions are marke<l by agreeable style, and 
warmth and delicacy of coloring; ami he oc- 
casionally attempted landscape in oil. One of 
hi.-, iines't works, the Hours, represents three 



beautiful females moving in a circle, — present 
past, and future. 

Malcolm, Rev. Alexander, author of an 
aritbmetie and an algebra of merit, b. Scot- 
land ; d. .Md. July, 1763, at an advanced age. 

Malcolm, James Pelleu, artist and an- 
tiquary, b. Phila. Aug. 1767, who, while 
young, went to London to study painting, and 
d. Apr. 5, 1815, in indigent circumstances. 
His maternal ancestor, James Peller, was an 
emigrant with Pcnn. Failing with the pencil, 
he took the graver, and executed a number of 
topographical jilates, chiefly for the works of 
Gough and Nichols, and the Ceutlmian's 
Mii'jazine ; and became a member of the Society 
of Anti(|uaries. He pub. " Londinum liediripum, 
or an Ancient and Modern Description of Lon- 
don," 4 vols. 4to ; "Letters between the Ilev. 
James Granger and many Eminent Men," 8vo ; 
" First Impressions, or Sketches from Art and 
N.iture," 8vo ; " Anecdotes of the Jlauners and 
Customs of London," 4to; "Miscellaneous 
Anecdotes," Svo ; "An Historical Sketch of 
the An of Caricaturing," 4io. — Geutliman's 
Mat/., May, 1815. 

Malcdm, Howard, D.D. (U. of Vt. 1841 ), 
LL.D. (Lewisb. U., 1859), Baptist clergyman 
and author, b. Phila. Jan. 19, 1799. He en- 
tered Dick. Coll., Pa., in 1813 ; was licensed to 
preach in May, 1818; and, on finishing his 
studies at Princeton Thool. Sem., m. and settled 
over a church in 1 ludson, N.Y. He was after- 
wards settled in Boston (1827^-35) and Phila.; 
was pres. of tliccoll. at Georgetown, Kv., from 
1839 to 1849, and of the U. of Lewisbtirg, Pa., 
from 1851 to 1859, having ralinquish.d preach- 
ing from failure of voice. He filled in both 
institutions the choir of metaphys. and mor.il 
philos. He travelled exten.-iveiy in Europe 
and (as a deputy fri)m the Bapt. Miss. Soc.) 
in Hindostan, Burumh, Siara, China, and 
Africa. He \va.s prominent in estab. the Am. 
S.S. Union and the Am. Tract Society. His 
pnbs. are a." Dictionary of the Biole; '' " The 
Extent of the Aton. ment," 1833 ; " The Chris- 
tian Rule of Marriage;" "Memoir of Mrs. 
Malcom," 1835; "Travels in South-eastern 
Asia," 2d cd. 1839; "MeiuoirofMary Lo-urop," 
1832 ; addresses, and other tr.icts. 

Mallary, Charles Daniel, D.D. (Col. 
Coll. 1850), Baptist cl.rgvman, bnj. of R. C, 
b. Poultnev, Vt., Jan. 1801 ; d. 1864. ALdd. 
Coil. 1821.' He removed to Coluiuijia, S.C, 
in 1822, where he was ord., and proaehrd 6 
years, afterward r: siding in Ga. ; a principal 
founder of Mercer U. In the division of the 
denomination in 1Sj5, on the missionary ques- 
tion, hi^ advocated that system. He |)ub. a 
" Life' of Mercer," and " Soul Prosp"ri;y ." 

Mallar.y, Rollin Carlos, lawyer and 
statesman, b. Cheshire, Ct., May 27, 1784 ; d. 
Baltimore, Md., Apr. 15, 1831. Midd. Coll. 
1805. Moved with his father to Vt. car'.y in 
life; he practised law in Ca.stleton from 1807 
to 1818, and in Poultney from 1818 till his 
death ; was att'v. of Rutland Co., Vt., in 181 1, 
'13, and '16; and M.C. in 1819-31. A zealous 
advocate of protection, he was chairman of the 
com. on manuf. ; reported thetarirt'of 182S, and 
exerted himself greatly to procure its passage. 
Bro. of Charles D. 



594 



ISLAJN' 



Mallcry, Gahbick, LL.D. (Lnf. Coil. 
ISIO), jurist, I). WtMrtli.iirv, Ct., 17 Ajir. 1784 ; 
d. riiila. 6 Jiily, 1866. ' Y.C. 1808. Priii- 
lipal of llie Wilkcsbum.' Acjid. ; Btudiiil at 
llio Litelili. Id Law School ; adiuitti'd V> i.ructi«e 
in Wilki'sb.uTe in 1811; ninnlxr Pa. Ie;;i9l. 
lS28-'iI ; pn-s. jud-e 3d jud. dist. 18.31-6; 
rciiiovi'd to Philn. in Nov. 19.36, and was a 
suc< .•-still practiiionor; several y<are i;in»t«r in 
cli.'i;ii.-,!ry of the Sui). Court, iji- was, whili; in 
the K'trisl., lar^'c'lv mstrunnntal in e-iablishin;^ 
thi'(.'iniral iinproVfUK'Ut aud ijcnitcuiiary ^_vs- 
ti'His of Pa. 

Mallory, Col. : killed wliilo repelling the 
Briu-h invasion of Elixabiiii City Co., Va., 
1780. His fon Chablhs K., la«yir, nifinU'r 
Va. A.ss>Mnbly, exec. coun. 180S; lieut.-yov., 
WHS coll-cior of Norfolk at his d., 15 Apr. 
ISiO, a. 38. 

Mallorv, Stephen R., sec. of the Confcd. 
navy, b. Trinidad, 1810. Son of a sea-c:'.pt. of 
Brid;iCiK)rt, Ct., who d. in 1S21, while at Key 
Wcat with his vessel; and the wife and son, 
remaining, opened a hotel thi're. Kdiicat' d in 
N.Y. and Ct. He retunu'd to Key West ; 
6"U(licd law there ; was adiii. to the bar in 18.33 ; 
was ajip. by Pres. .Jackson insp. of the i ustoins 
at Key West ; became county Jiulfje for MonixM! 
Co., and jndire of probate; in ISl.'i neriv.'d 
from Pre>. Polk the hierative ofliec of cidlector 
of Key Wi-st ; and wa-; U.S. s'-nator from 
1851 until lifter the s.-cessiun of pla., 21 Jan. 
1861. Wliile in the s.'nate, he w.is several 
years chairman of the coin, on naval aifairs, and 
an .idhir, nt of th.' Dcmoc. party ; afier the war 
he w.i- <ome time a pHsoner ii'f siaf. lie ni. 
a ilaii. oi SeTior Moreno of P.iiiaeula, one of 
the w^altliiiSt of the old Spuni h iiih.iljitunls 
of Fla. D.lejrat.j to the N;ishvil]e conv.-ntion 
of 18.'>0; and was at one time a concsp. for 
th.' ,V. >'. //-r«/r/. 

Maltby, Gev. Isaac, military writer, of 
Ilatliehl, ils. ; d. Wat.Tloo, N".V.,"Sept. 1819. 
Y.C. 1786. Many years a memlKT'of the Ms. 
IcgisL.and was a l)ri;.'.-Ren. ol militia in 1814. 
He pub. ''Elements of War," 12mo, 1812; "A 
Treatise on Courts-Martial and Military Law," 
1813. 

Manco Capac I., legislator, and firit 
inri of Peru, was the- 12th iiiascint Irom th.' inea 
wh.jr ipi'.d at the time of the Spanish invasion, 
in 1.532, an interval of ab. 400 year?. Hcis sup- 
posed iohavel)'ensoinc8traii;:ir fromaciviliz.d 
land, who employed the associations of nligion 
to procure an axxndcn-y which enabled him to 
form a re;.'ular govt. He ha<l a long and pros- 
pcMus r. i;;!!, and seems justly to have V'en 
eniitlcd lo rank among the bi'iielacor- of man- 
kind bv the benevolence of his institutions. — 

M'-inao Capac II., inea of P.tii ; killed 
1514. S cond son of llnayna Capac, the con- 
qiuror of Q-.iito, who d. nb. 10 ve.ars after the 
lirst arrival of ihc Sjianianls. jfanco was, after 
the taking of Ciizco, pl.iced on the throne. 
Unwilling to be a pup|K't in the hands of 
Pizarro, after in vain petitioning fur [lower to 
eN.reise the soven'ignty, he fl.'d ; w:is captured 
and imprison- d, but again i-»ea|ied ; rons.Kl the 
wliol? nation to anns; and appeared before 
Ciuco Feb. 1536, with an immense host of In- 



dians. After asii'ge of 5 montlis, in which the 
S]ianijir>ls were niluced to extreiiiilies, he was 
coiiipi'lkd, from fearclty of food, to wiibciniw 
to llio tortrcss of Tamlio, where lie wa.* d' leatid 
bv Alinagro, and deserted by most of his war- 
riors. Taking refug.- in th.' .\nd<.-», he Has liir 
years the terror of the S[iaiiiard>, who in \ain 
end.avor.'d to con.iliite bini. lb' whs killed 
by a jiartv of Spaniards U'longing lo the 
youn'.'tr Almagro's iaetion, who, on ill.' del at 
of their leider, had tak. n refuge in the Peruvian 
eamp, and who were in turn massiicad by the 
Indians. 

MandriJlon, JosErii, n politi al n-ritcr, 
b. Bourg-en-Bnss.', 1742 ; guillotine.1 .Ian. 7, 
1794. llavi:ig . iiibraeed the imrcan.ile pro- 
f.'Ssion, he irav.lled in America and Holland. 
He settl.d in Holland ; but his opiKjsiiiun to ilie 
stadtholder maile him uniopiilar, and he ro- 
tunied to Frame, wh. r llie inde()endenc" of 
his ( haracter rcndtreil him 8iigp<i:ted by Ho', o- 
spierre. He wroi.- " Th.' American .S|ieetator," 
8vo. a work of merit, and " Ite'chenha I'luluso- 
pliii/iiex snr III D&miverU (U I'Amerii^ue," Aoti^teT- 
dam, 8vo, 1784. 

Mangum, Willie Pebsox, US senator, 
h OniiiL-'- Co., X.C, 1792 ; .1. there Sept. 14, 
1861. U. ofN.C. 1815. Hestu.lied l.iw; r..sO 
in the profession; cnl.'red po!ilieal life; and 
waseleile.l lo llie bouse ot comiiioiis in 1818 ; 
ill 1S19 and agiiin in 1826 ho wai eleeli il a 
ju'ge of the Superior Court ; M.C. 182-3-6; 
U.S. seiuilor 1831-7 and 1841-53; in 1837 ho 
receive. I II elit'tonil votes for Pres. of iho 
U.S.; and during iheudminisirati'n of Mr. Ty- 
ler was pies of tile .Seniiic. He was a lea.liiig 
member of the Whig party. Th.' depressinn 
(iceasi..ne.l by the loss ol an oi.ly son, wounded 
at Jlan.issas. nrobably husteiie.l his ilCMth. 

Mailigault (m.m'-c-to ). Uakkikl, pairi- 
Otic mer l.uiit ol S.C , b. 1704 ; d. Cbarli'»t..n, 
S.C. 1781. Of lliigiii not pareniage. He ac- 
quired wealth by eoinmeieial pursuits; inid in 
the beginning of the Uevol. he bmned the Slate 
$2-20 UOO. In May, 1779, at the a'.;e iif 7.5, 
when the British gen. Prevosi appeard before 
Clnirleston, he cipiipp.d himself as a "ol.iier, 
anil, equipping also bis grnmlson of 15, led him 
to ibe lines lo repel an expevled assiiilt. He 
becpicatbed i:5.U00 to a charitable soi ii ly. His 
sun Pkter, also a patriot, wiis sfM'aKer of the 
house from 1766 to his it. in 1773, a. 42. His 
dan. in. I^wia Morris, and lost her life in the 
great liii.iieane on Sullivan's Isbiu.l in 1822. 

Manly, Bash,. D.D., Baptist elergvman, 
b. near I'liishoroiigli. N.C., .Ian. 28. 1798; 
d. Greenville. S.C. U.-c. 21, 186.*. S.C. C.il- 
legc, 1821. He commenced iireaehing in Edge- 
field di-t., S.C. In 1826 he look charge of 
the Hapiist eliur. h in Cliarlesion, S.C; was 
j.ics. of the U. of Ala. in 1837-56; ami look 
eluirgc ol another chiirih in Ch.rleslon, which 
he subs.qiiently ^'nve up to eniragi' in mission- 
iiry travels thronghoul AlaKinia. He was ac- 
tive in organizing the southern Bnpiisi i.mven- 
tiiiii in 1845, and in cstablisbing lb.- ihcol. 
>ein. at Greenville, S.C, in 1858 • A Treatise 
oil Moral Science " from his |H.'n, lor sonic 
years a texi-book in Southern colleges, iiidi- 
cale.l a high order of talent. 

Manly, Capi. Jihin, a naval ofTieer of tht 



Tki^^jsr 



595 



:^LAjsr 



Rovol., h. Torl>ay, Eng., 173.3; d. Boston, 
Fch. 1 2, 1 793. He became a mariner early in 
lite; seitleil in Marhlehead ; and was master 
ol a merchiUitman bcl'ore llie Revol. Com- 
mits, eapt. by Wasliinj.'ton Oct. 24, ITT.'i, he 
siiileil in the schooner " Lee," and soon cap- 
tured in Ruston hail)or3 valuable prizes, laden 
with heavy jruns, mortars, and intrenching 
tools, — a capture of incalculable value to the 
patriot army then hisieging Boston. Chased 
into Gloucester harbor by " The Falcon," he 
ran ashore, beat off the enemy with loss, and 
pot his own vessel off with little dania!;e. Com- 
miss. by Congress capt. in the Cont. navy, 
Aug 22, 1 776, heconi. " The Hancock," frigate, 
32 guns, in which he captured the Bri^i^h man- 
ol'-war " Fox." " The Hancock " was cap- 
tured July 8, 1777, by " The Rainbow " of 40 
guns ; and Manly w.as confined in various places 
until near the close of the war. Soon after the 
capture of " The Fox," while com. the privateer 
" Jason," he was attacked by two British priva- 
teers, one of 18, the other 10 guns : he captured 
both. He com. " The Hague," frigate, in Sept. 
1782; cruised in the W. Indies, but was driven 
by a British 74 on a sand-bank at Guadaloupe, 
and for 3 days sustained the cannonade of 3 
ships, hut finally got off. On returning to 
Boston he was arrested upon a variety of 
charges by one of his officers. The proceed- 
ings of the court were not altogether in appro- 
bation of his conduct. 

Mann, A. Ucdlet, diplomatist, b. Va., 
ISO.^; was app. special picnipo. to negotiate 
commercial treaties with Hanover, Oldenburg, 
and .Mecklenburg, in 1845 ; was accredited to 
all the German States, except Prussia, for the 
same object in 1847 ; was commiss. to Hungary 
in 1849 ; minister to Switzerland in 1850 ; and 
negotiated a reciprocal treaty ; sec. to Pres. 
Pierce in 1853, and resigned the same year. 
Having devoted himself specially to the devel- 
opment of the material interests of the South- 
ern States, he was sent to Europe by the Con- 
fed, govt, upon a special niission, and was 
nllerward joined with Slidell and Mason to 
represent it abroad. 

Mann, Otrds, Cong, clergvman and au- 
thor, h. Orford, N.H., Apr. 3, 1785 ; d. Stough- 
ton, Ms., Feb. 9, 1859. Dartra. Coll. 1806. 
Principnl of Gilmanton Acad. 2 years; teacher 
of the Troy high school one year ; tutor at 
D.C. 1809-14; pastor of the church at West- 
minister, Ms., Feb. 22, 1815, to June 9, 1841 ; 
then of the Hobinson Ch., Plymouth, 3 years ; 
next a teacher at Lowell several years ; finally 
acting pastor of the N. Falmouth church, 
1852-6. He pub. " A Treatise on Trigonome- 
try ; " " An Epitome of the Evidences of Chris- 
tianity ; " " A History of the Temperance 
Reformation ; " " A Memoir of Mrs. Myra \V. 
Allen ; " and some sermons. 

Mann, Horace, LL.D. (H.U. 1849), e*du- 
cntioni>t, h. Franklin, Ms., 4 Mav, 1796; d. 
Yellow Springs, O.. 2 Aug. 1859. ' Brown U. 
1819. He was obliged to procure an educa- 
tion by his own exertions ; studied law at 
Litchfield, and in 1823 wns adm. to the bar. 
He began practice at Dedliam ; was a mem- 
l«r of the Ms. house of reps, in 1828-33, 
and ol the senate in 1833-7, presiding over it 



in 18.36-7, and disting. himself for devotion 'n 
the interests of education and temperance. In 
his law practice he would never espou.se the 
unjust side of any cause, and by his honesty 
exercised extraordinary influence over the 
minds of juries. He moved to Boston in is;33, 
and in 1837-48 was sec. of the Ms. Board 
of Education. The State Lunatic Hospitnl at 
Worcester was founded through his efforts. 
Important changes were made, through his in- 
fluence, in the school-laws and in the educa- 
tional system of the State. In May, 1843, he 
m. as bis second wife, Mary, dau. of Dr. 
Nathaniel Peabody, and visited Europe soon 
after, inspecting the school-systems of Europe, 
and es]iccially of Germany. M.C. and succes- 
sor of John Quincy Adams in 1848-53, he 
spoke and voted in favor of excluding slavery 
from the Territories. Pres. of Antioch Coll. 
Irom Sept. 1852 to his death : under his able 
management it attained a large degree of 
success ; but his labors were too much for his 
health, which gave way soon after his extraor- 
dinary effort at the coll. commencement in 
July, 1859. In 1835 he was a commiss. to 
superintend the pub. of the revised statutes of 
Ms., for which he prepared the marginal notes 
and references. His annual Educational Re- 
ports, 12 in number, rank deservedly high. In 
the 7th of the series he describes his educational 
tour in Europe. In the discussion upon the 
abolition of corporal punishment with the Bos- 
ton schoolmasters, he won a complete triumph ; 
and the praciiee was discontinued. His lOth 
Report was highly extolled by tlie Edinlmri/h 
Review. Mr. ^lann edited the Common School 
Journal, and pub. a vol. of " Lectures on Edu- 
cation," 1848. His " Letters and Speeches on 
Slavery " were pub. 1851; "Lectures on In- 
temperance," 1852. He engaged in a contro- 
versy with Daniel Webster in 18.50, on account 
of his "th-of'-.March speech, and was the unsuc- 
cessful candidate of the Free Soil partv for gov. 
in 1852.— See Life of, hi/ Ai's widow, 8vo, 1865. 
Mrs. Mann has aUo pub. " Christianity in the 
Kitchen,"" The Flower People," and a tran>l. 
of Sarmiento's " Life in the Argent. Rejjublic," 
1868. 

Mann, James, M.D. (B.U.1815), A.A.S., 
surgeon, b. Wrentham, Ms., Julv 22, 1759; 
d. N.Y. Xov. 7, 1832. H.U. 1776. He wns 
3 years a surgeon in the Revol. army. In 1812 
he was a hospital surgeon, U.S.A., and head 
of the medical staff on the northern frontier ; 
post-surgeon, Apr. 1818 ; assist, surgeon. May, 
1821. He pnb. two Monographs which gained 
prizes in 1804, and " Medical Sketches of 
Campaigns of 1812-14," &c., 8vo, 1816. 

Manners, George, British consul in 
Boston, 1819-35. Author of some dramas of 
merit and some poetical works ; d. Coburg, 
Canada West, 18 Feb. 1853, a. 7.5. 

Manning, James, D.D., scholar and 
divine, b. Elizabethtown, N. J., Oct. 22, 1738; 
d. Providence, R.I., July 29, 1791. N. J. Coll. 
1762. He acquired fame as a preacher by his 
abilities and learning, aided by a fine voice and 
delivery. When the Baptists, in 1764, estab- 
lished a coll. in R.I., he was invited to take 
charge of it ; removed to Warren in the'follow- 
iiig year, where the iutlitution was opened ia 



596 



MAR 



S<'pl. ; ami, on its rrmoT«l to Providcnre in 
1770, tHviirae nusior of the Bnpii>t cliiinh 
in ihul town. Thi» poAitiun hv ocviiiiii'd tili \\is 
deaih, exci'pt during an iniiTvnlot'itix niontlin. 
It U>n- the titled the Cull, nf l{. I. till It>il4, 
when it wna niimcd Brown Cniver>il_T in honor 
ot its ino>t inuniTKent piitrun. In 1780 lie 
wos a delej^ate to Contrress, a iio-*! he resijrneil 
on iKX-ount of its imoinpaiibilitr with hi^ other 
duties. When the ('un>iitution was the huhjert 
ot deliatc, he wa> n zealous Feileralinl. In I70 
h< resumed his duties at the culle);e, siis|;end<d 
during the war, and resigned the presidcm'v in 
17!M», and his pastorate in Apr. 1791. — .Sk 
Lif'r, Times, ana Corn-sp. of, by li. A. (iuilil, 
8vo. 1864. 

Manning, Richakd, Jnn., cox-, of sc. 

ISl'4-5, b. .Sumter Di.st , S V., 1 Mav. 178J; 
d I'hila. 1 .Mav, 1^6. Col. Coll.. S C.. 181 1. 
He com. a vol. company in the war of 1812 ; 
»a< l'rei|nontlv a member of the Slate le(;i»l. ; 
and M.f. 18.U-«i. 

Mansfield, Edward Dlering, LL T). 
(Mar. Coll. 1854|,auilior. b. New Haven, 1801. 
West roim, 1819; N.J. Coll. 1822. Son ..f 
Col. Jaml. Counsellor at law in Cl 182.'>, 
in Ohio 1826-36 ; prof, const, law and history 
in Cinein. ColL.O., 1836-7. Author of " I'ol!- 
tieal Grammar." 18.'35; "Legal Rij-hts of 
Women," 1845 ; " Lift: of Gen. Scott," 1S46 ; 
'• Hist, of the Mexican War." 1848 ; " Ameri- 
can Kdueation," 1850; "Treatise on Const. 
Law," 1835; "Memoirs of Daniel Drake," 
1855 ; with B. Drake, " Cincinnati in 1826 ; " 
editor of CiKcinnati Cftronicif nwl Atlaii, 1K36- 
.^2. of the A'oi/iwn/ />'(T(<r(/>inre l'*52. Author 
also of a discourse on the " Utility of Mathema- 
tics," and of several addresses on education Iroin 
18.14 tolS49; now ( 1871 ) resides in Cincinnati. 

Mansfield, i'»i- Jarkd. ll.d. (Y.C. 

1825). Ii. N. Haven, Ct., 1759 ; d. there Feb. .1. 
18.)ii. Y.C. 1777. lie taiipht school in N. 
Haven in 1794; al'ierward had cliar;,-© of a 
Quaker grammar school in I'liila.. where he 
became known a<H niuihematician. App capt. 
engrs. May 3, 1802, and acting prof. nat. and 
e«pcriiiienlal philas. to June. 1805; U.S. snr- 
Teyor-gen. of Ohio and North-west Terr. Nov. 
14.1803-1812; major engrs. June 11,1805; 
lieut.-col. 25 Feb. 1808; prof. nat. and exp. 
philos. Military Acail. Oct. 7, 1812; resigned 
Aug .'ll. 1828." He pub. " Essays, matheinali- 
cal an.! phy-ieal," 1802. 8vo. 

Mansfield, Joseph Kino Fesno, brig.- 
gin. U.S.A., b. N. Uav.n, Ct., Dec. 22, 1801 ; 
a. of wounds received at the bnitie of Antie- 
tam, Sept. 18, 1862. West Point, 1822. While 
an infant, hi.4 fathi r d. at Vera Cniz ; and his 
Bioiher, Mary Fcniio, ntumi<d to Middlelown, 
Ct.. her native plae,-. Entering the engrs.. he 
was eini)loyed in planning and constructing 
fortifications for i-onst anilliarl>or defence. 1st 
lieut. 5 Mar. 18.32; cApt. 7 July, 1838. Dur- 
ing the Mexican war he served nud'T Tavlor 
us chief ciigr.; was brev. major for his coniinct 
in the delence of Fort Brown; lieut.-col. for 
Montcrvy, where he was sevcndy wounded lead- 
ing the column that stonned the city at the 
Tann^ ry ; and col. for Buena Vi^ta. Mav 28, 
1853. he became in»p.-gcn., rank of col. ; May 
C, 1801, trcv. brig.-gcu.;and May 14 brig.-gvn. 



TJ.S.A ; nniil An?. 1861 he com. the dcpt. of 
Wanhington. and lor a .-hort tiiui' that ol Va, 
He foriilird Wa^hin.;ion on every side. crowned 
the heighta ot .Vrlinutun with eurthworkit, and 
took Alexandria; he next sen'ed at Cajic 
Haiteras, and tli.n at Xcw|K>rt Ncw.«. Atier 
the destruction of "Th" Merrimack " and ths 
occu|iati<>n of Norfolk, he was put in com. of 
Surtblk, Va. ( Inler d to join Gen. McClcll.iii, 
he took coiu.of thccorp- ptvviou.-ly under G' it, 
Bankit. At Antietam he was mortally wounded 
eoriv in the day. 

Mante, M.».i. Thomas, assist, engim-cr ot 
the siege of Havana, and mnj. of brigade in the 
cam|iaign of 1764. Auihur of " llisto.'-y of the 
Late War in N. Amer." (n very valuable work), 
4to, 1772; transl. of " Defen-ivc Armn." Lon- 
don, 8vo, 1771, and of " Svstetu of Taciics," 
1781, 1784, 2 vol.-. 8vo. 

Mapes, Jaues J., LL.D., agricn'tural 
chemist, b. New York Citv, Mav 29, 1806; d. 
Newark, X. J., Jan. 10, 1866. Hi- wa- a sugar- 
n'tiner; was app. prof, of ehomi-iry and nnt. 
philos. in the Nat. Acad, of Design, ami in* 
vented many useful processes in sugar making 
and refining, but lat<r in lile a^^piied his talent* 
to the science of ogriculturi' wiili gnat iiuccc<s 
on a farm near Newark. He e<lit<-d the W'url.-- 
inq Farmer, and other agricnltural publicaiio!i8. 
lie niannbictund a ferti iter called " niirug< n- 
iied su|ior)iho-phate," fi^om th<- sale of which ho 
derived some pnjtit. He di livenxl va'nabU lec- 
tures at agric.lidrs, and wr<)tearticl*for«ci u- 
tilic journals, American and English. Author 
of "The Amer. Reiio-iiory of Arts. Scieiic t, 
and .Manufaciur.s, 4 vols. Svo, 1840; "Th« 
Praetic.ll Fanner." 

Marble, Dasforth, Yankee comedian, b. 
E. Windsor. Ct., 1807; d. Louisville, Kv.,>lny 
13, 1849. First app. at the Chatham, :J.Y., in 
1831 ; at the Wanut-st.. Phila., Dec. 20, 1837, 
as Sam Patch; and vi-itol various ciii •s suo 
cessl'ully as a star. Made his En::lish ile^^it at 
the Stiiand, London, Oct. .'10. 1845, as Deulei^ 
ononiy Dutitul. Nov. 13. 1836, he lu. Anna 
Warren, a successful nctnss. 

Marble, Mantos, ulitor .V. Y. World, b. 
Wor^.ster, Jia., 16 Nov. 18.1c. C. of Kocbcs- 
ter, 1855. Wiu.. his eiiiig. anivstor, hiH-anie a 
freeman of Boxion 3 May, 16.54. He was edu- 
catcd at the High Sc'i.wl, Prov., K.I., afU r- 
wanl at the AUkuiv .\c:id. After leaving coll. 
he went on the editorial stall' of the Boston 
.Itmmal ; was aft r«anl the n-sixinsible editor 
of the Trar-lhr :'\n 1858 went to N.Y'., and was 
conni'ctwl with tin- Err. I'cst until the eslali- 
lishmciiiof the U'or/'/ in Jum-, 1860. Apr. 12, 
1862, he puivhaik'<l this sheet, and has since 
cotklnetKl it as the exponent of Deinoc. prin< i- 
ples. In Har/itr'K Mii'i. for I860 U nn account 
of bis " Trip to IJi'd River and B' yond." 

Marbois (iniir'-hwii'j, Fiiani.ois, m.irr|uis 
of HarU- Martioi.<, a Fri'Ueh diplomatist and 
antlior, h. Metz. J.in. 31, 1745; d. Jan. 14, 
1837. His father was dinvtor of the mint at 
Metz. He U-canie tutor to the children of Cas- 
tries, minister of marine, through w hom he ol>- 
taincd in 1779 thepo.stof sec. of b-gation lo the 
U.S. daring our Revol.; and wa-s th- priiieigval 
agent in the mo-t important ojxTations ol the 
embassy. On the return of Ltuerui' tu France. 



IVLA-R 



597 



MLA.R 



Marlxjis continued in thii country as char<i€ 
d'affaires. As consiil-^en. of France, he or- 
ganized all the French consulates in this coun- 
try, in which he resided until 1785. lie w:is 
aftenvards a](|i. intendiint of St. Domini;o; re- 
turned to France i:i 1790, and was immediately 
sent by Louis as ambassador to the German 
diet. In 1795 he was chosen a member of the 
council of eldere, and in the stiu^'-nle tetween 
the directory and the councils, having defended 
the latter, he was, with others, condemned to 
deportation to Cayenne. Returning after an 
exile of two years and a half, he was nominated 
by the first consul counsellor of state, and in 
1801 sec. of the treasury. In 1803 he was app. 
to cede Louisiana to the U.S. for 50,000,000 
francs, but had the skill to obtain 80,000,000, 
a piece of diplomacy for which he was liberally 
rewarded by Xapoleon. In 1 808 he was made 
prcs. of the loiir des comjjtes ; in 1813 he was a 
senator; and in 1814 was among the firet to 
vote for the deposition of Napoleon. Louis 
XVHI. created liim a peer, and confirmed him 
in the presidency of the cour dis comptes. Keep- 
er of the seals iu 1815-16, and was soon after- 
\^ards created marquis. Author of some agri- 
cultural and financial essays; " Comiitot d' Ar- 
nold" ** Uistuirp dr. Ill Loiiisiane it de hi Cession 
de crW Colonie," Paris, 1829, and "Reflections 
on St. Domingo." 

March, ALDEN,M.D.,LL.D.(Wms. Coll.), 
surgeon, b. Sutton, Ms., 1795; d. Albany, June 
17, 1869. B.U. 1820. He attended medical 
lectures in Boston, and subsquently at B.U., 
where he was distinguished lor his skill in anat- 
omy, and in 1820 settled in practice at Albany. 
He was a dexterous and skilful operator, and 
originated many ini[)ortant iniprovements in 
stirgery. lie was the father and one of the 
Ibunders of the Albany Med. Coll., and was 30 
years at its head ; was also a founder of the Al- 
bany City Hospital. Pres. Amcr. Med. Assoc. 
Author of " Improved Forceps for Ilare'ip Op- 
erations," 1855; "Wounds of the Abdomen 
and Larynx," 1854. 

March, Charles W., author, b. Ports- 
mouth, N.H., 15 Dee. 1815; d. Alexandria, 
Egypt, 24 Jan. 1864. H.U. 1837. He studied 
law ; practised in Portsmouth ; was a member 
of the N.H. legisl. ; removed toN. Y. City; and 
wrote for the Tribune, Times, and for the Bos- 
ton Courier, under the signature of " Pequot." 
U.S. vice-consul to Cairo. Author of " Trav- 
els in Madeira and Spain ; " " Daniel Webster 
and his Contemporaries," 4th ed. 12rao, 1852; 
and " Reminiscences of Congress." Contrib. 
of many brilliant essays to magazines and 
journals. 

Marchand, Jons B., commodore U.S.N., 
b. Pa. Aug. 27, 1808. Midshipm. Mav 1, 1828 ; 
lient. Jan. 29, 1840; com. Sept. 14, 1855; 
capt. July 16, 1862; commo. July 25, 1866; 
ret. 27 Aug. 1870. Aug. 1841 to Aug. 1842 
in com. of steamer " Van Burcn," operating in 
the everglades of Florida against the .Seminole 
Indians; participated in the l>ombaidiuent of 
Vera Cruz and the ca|)ture of Tupsan, 1847; 
com. steamer " Memphis," Paraguay cxpe<l., 
1859-60; steamer "Jas. iVdger," S. Atl. block, 
squad., 1862; partieipat«'d in the capture of 
Fcmandina, Fia,, Jlar. 1862; slightly wound- 



ed while reconnoitring in the Stono River, 
Jlar. 16,1862; com. steam-sloop "Laekawana," 
W. Gulf block, squad., 186.3-4, and in battle of 
Mobile Bav ; and assisted to capture the rebel 
raui " Tennessee," Aug. 5, 1864. — //"/Hcra'y. 

Marchaut, Hkxhv, LL.D. (Y.C. 1792), 

juri>t. I>. Miutlia's Vineyard, Ms., Apr. 1741 ; 
d. Xevpoit. K.I., 30 Aug. 1796. Pliihi. Coll. 
1762. Studied law under Judge Tiowliriiige 
of Cambridge, Ms. ; practised in Xewpui t ; 
was atty -gen. of R. I. in 1770-7, and member 
of the Assembly; took a prominent pan in 
the Revol. movements of the time ; was chair- 
man of the com. to prepare instructions to ilie 
delegates in Congress; member of the Old 
Congress 1777-80 and 1783^; and an efiicient 
member of various important cummiitees; 
member of the convention to adopt the U.S. 
Constitution; and, from 1790 to his death, 
judge of the U.S. Dist. Court. — UiHlikt's R.I. 
'Bar. 

Marcy, E. E., M. D., homoeopathist, b. 
Greenwieli. Ms., Dec. 9, 1815. Amb. Coll. 
1837; Jeti". Med. Coll. 1840. Since 1852 he 
has edited the »V. A. Uomoeop. Jour., quarterly. 
He edited Hahnemann's Lesser Writings, 
pub. 1854, by Radde. He has written numer- 
ous essays on medical and chemical subjects, 
and is leeognized as a standard auihority. A 
skiltui practitioner, he has the largest and most 
lucrative piuctice in N.Y.' Author of " Theo- 
ry and Practice of Medicine," 8vo, 1852 ; 
'■ Ilomceopathy vs. Allopathy," 8vo, 1854. — 
All,lm,e. 

Marcy, Randolph B., insp.gen. U.S.A., 
b. JIs. ab. 1811. West Point, 1832. Entering 
the 5th liif. he became Ist lieut. June 22, 1837 ; 
capt. May 18, 1846 ; engaged at Palo Alto and 
Kesaca de la I'alma 8-9 May, 1846; iu ex- 
pUa'ation of Red River Country ; in hostilities 
au'aiust the Semiuoles in 1857; seived in the 
Utah exped. in 1857-8 ; com. a detachment 
siiit to N. Mexico to procure supplies in Nov. 
1857, returning in Mar. 1858, after great suf- 
lering ; became pavni. (rankofinaj ) Au;;. 22, 
1859; insp.-gcn. (iank of col.) Aug. 9, 1861 ; 
was attached as chief of staff to the Army of 
the Potomac under Gen. MeClellan (bis son- 
in-law); and 23 Sept. 1861 becatne brig -gen. 
vols. He was on Gm. MeClellan'sstaft'during 
the campaigns in Western Va., the Penin.^ula, 
and Md. Author of " E.xploration of the Red 
River in 1852," 8vo, 1853; "Prairie Travel- 
ler," 1859 ; " Personal Recollections," 8vo, 
1866. 

Marcy, William Lkakned, statesman, 
b. Sonthlnidge, Ms., D. c. 12, 1786; d. Ball- 
ston Spa, N.Y., July 4, 1857. B.U. 1808. He 
taught school for a while in Newport, R.I., 
stiulied law, and commenced practice in Troy, 
N.Y. At the commencement of the war of 
1812, being an officer of a military company, 
he volunteered bis services, and acted with the 
coTiipanv until the cessation of hostilities. On 
ihe nigli'tof Oct. 22, 1812, he distin;:. himself 
in the capture of a corps of Canadian militia 
|]o.>ited at St. Regis, being the first prisoners 
taken on laud, and their Hag the first e.iptured 
during the war. He was app. recorder of 
Troy in 1816 ; edited the Troi/ iJiidful, a lead- 
ing Democ. organ ; adj. -gen. of the State io 



lk£AJ% 



598 



MjVR 



Jan. 1821 ; stilo ct>int<lrollcr in 1SJ.1; «s»oc. 
justiii; ol ihe NY. Siipnnie I'ouri in IC'S; 
I'.S. 'tMiHiiir in 1S.11-.1; piv. i>l iho Sinte in 
18.'l;l-9; iiikI a <-uiumi^4. i» ilcihlc u|iun ihe 
cluiius of llu' M<-\it.-an Covl. in lS19-4i : «v. 
or war nntltr l>u->. I'l'lk fn>in IS45 Ik 1849. 
hi' iKTliii mtnl the nnluoun iluiiour ihal \ny>\- 
linn uiih >itn<al iilnliiv liunn;; the Mexican 
war. His >ll|>!nniNr,v »iw (li«(>l«vnl in the set- 
tlrmrnt ul ihe <>i\v'n l«nn>li<ry. He vrna an 
■atoiiile of the Ijriflr of l!M6; anil i.|>|»weii 
all interf.rvnoe on the sUn-ry nui^lion. I' S. 
sec. of >t«te IS5S-7. Uenas a hanl-ivorkin;:, 
rarifnl, plain ro"n.of|;tvui inievfii.". 'nJ acooj 
ji-holar. Ili.i state |>H|K'rs on reniral Anier. 
afihirs. on the enli>tnient qneittion, on ilie I fin- 
ish 8oun>l tines, anil on uianv other topic:) of 
nniiomil intin->t, i-Nhihiti-il remarkable abilitr 
as a ivnier. statesman, and iliuloniati>I. 

Marechal, Ambroisk. 1>.I)., tt.C. arch- 
bishop of lt.Hl:iniore, b. Inj:re, near Orleans, 
Frame. 1769: il. Ualiimoiv, Jan. 29. l!*3!>. 
Eilui-aiiil at the scininarv of M. Su'pii-c, h« 
came lo Rultimon- in 1792. Ketnrnin); to 
FraniT. he was from l!>03 to ISll prol'. in the 
>eminarii-s of St. Klonr. Aix. ami Lyons. lie 
ivlu:«l the liishopric of N.Y., whiih was ten- 
dervil him. but a.\i-ntiil the |>ost of eo-ailjntor 
to the an-hl>ishop ol Ualtimorc. whom he suc- 
ceeileil on his ileccasc, Dec. U, IS! 7. lie vis- 
iteil Kome in ISil-S to prv>cure aid for his 
church in Baltimore. 

Harg^, Ji^L-s DB (Father Antonio), an 
earlv Kr.iricisi-an luissionanr lo Texas h. Va- 
leinui, .VuL'. IS. 1657 ; d. Mexico, Anjr. 6. 
1726 Anilior of " Et Ptrffriuo Sr/itrttriOMtl 
Atlimlr," &c., Valencia, 1742. He is styled 
" Xoiario Apustolico." " Commissario del San- 
lo tificio." " Fundador y Kx Guat\lian de tr>-s 
Colij.'ios," and " Prcfecto de las Missionea de 
PiVfotnindt Fuif en todas las Indias l>ccidcn- 
lalis." &o. — ///jr. J/iiy. June, 1S6*. 

MargUerittes, Ji'Lili de. or Miss Rr.A. 
anihi.n-.sanJ criiu-. 1>. Ixind. I!>I4: d. I'hila. 
June 21. 1*66. Slie was dan. of Dr. A. U. 
Granville. F.Ii.S. At an earlv ajrc m. Uarini 
di' .Manineriues, with whom siie travelled all 
over Europe. The revol. of I84S i-om|K-lled 
him lo leave France, and seek an asylum in 
the U.S. She soon bec-.iine a contrib. to ihc 
X.Y. .So'ur.Aiy Courier, writing "The Ins and 
OuLs of Paris," afierwani pub. in Utok-fonn. 
Maniueriites bavin); rvinmed to France, and 
discanleil her, she went ufKni the slajri^, March 
9, I.4J2. at the Broadway, N Y., in the opera 
of " L;» liana Ladra," hnt retired from il soon 
after. After the di-nth of her lnivb.nn.1. in ISS6. 
she ri'iiioved to I'hila., and !- , ''d 

drainaiie critic to the ." 
which iMntainiHl her " Pari^i . :; 1 

Otlur papers. Her scomd uu-iiin ; (..-■■i^.-e 
G. Foster, who d in l^tki, was a well-known 
writer. She afterwani m. Samuel J. Kea of 
the Phila. press She wius a very voluminous 
writer, and by her |<n supported and educated 
her children, ller <lau. NoiiiiiE is dramatic 
critic of the I'hil.i. 7'.n»«C"/i». 

Marion, Francis. bris..(:en . a celcbratol 
partisan officer in the Kivol war, t>. m-arCUMrjre- 
town. S C. 1732; d. Fib »9, 1795. At the aw 
of 16 III enicrcdon board a resscl bound lo tlie 



W. I'ldie-; but she foi.ndered on her pa<«n!;t 
out, and ihe criw look lo the U.at. Di-'tituie 
of water or pmiisions, several di«il of buni^ r 
before they were n-x-ueil. He then enpi^-J 
in nKriciillure until 1759. when lie was a lieui. 
in Itov. I.yltleiun's rxped. a^niinM the I'hero- 
kcvs; andin Apr. I7)'>l was a capl. in thai of 
I'ol. Grant. lie l<d the forlorn hoi^i- in iho 
battle of.Klchoee. ami was one of the few who 
e»ca|ieil. When the Uevol. war l>f.;an, he was 
elected to the I'niv. roii.-rcss ; maile a capl. in 
the first corps rni-i-d in S.C ; sentil as major 
in Ihe delencc of Fort Mmiltric ; was lieul.-col. 
(com. of his rvi:t.) at Savannah and at iho 
sii~;e of Charleston, where, fracturiii); his !e>.; 
by accideni, he e»ca|ieil the captivity lo whii h 
the (jarrison was eveninally limi-il lo submit. 
App. a bri^.-cen. in I7S0. \w commem-cd his 
(lariisan can-cr as soon as Ik- tvcoverol fmni 
the fraitui* of his le;;. with only 16 men Fer- 
tile in strataj^em. he struck. un|HTreiveil, and, 
n-tirinc to those hidilen retreats in the mora>si-s 
of Pill e and Black River, he plai-eil hi» lorps 
out of the reach of his foe. The country frrmi 
Camden to the scai-oa«l, between the Pe<le« 
and Santee. was the tliealrv of his exenions. 
Soon alter ihc ibleal of Gates (.\n|;. 20. 17811^ 
he cajiturvil a British cuanl of 9l>. and rescneil 
IM Continental prisoners. He suqirisiil Miij. 
Gainey. an Eiifjiish pariisiin officer of rvputa- 
lion. and tiKik his whole [mrly. He next 
attacked Capt. Barfield's party of Tories, kill- 
ing or capturini: 3il out of 49. He ruutrd 
with creal loss a lap,:e boiiy of Torii-s al Shep- 
henl's Ferry, another under Col. Tvnes at the 
forks of Blai k River, and succcedol in escap- 
ing frv»u Tarleion after a loni: anil 1k)I pur- 
suit. Wai-oii. Gainey. Tynes. Mclllraitb, 
Tarleion, and Doyle were at dirtii-cnt times 
gent to cnish him. but werx- either fnileil by his 
strateiry, or dispracefully defeated. In 17S1 ha 
wasjoineil by Lee's Li-.;i<m, eaptnrvil a num- 
ber of the enemy's forts, and j>artii i|«ieil in 
the battle of Entaw. .\ller the wir he in. 
Mary Vidi-au. a lady of wealth: resided in his 
native pirish of St. John's, and was rrtumul 
to ihe Slate senate. In 1 790 he was a member 
of the §tate Const. Coiiv. He was small in 
staliirv, thin, neithir plcasin;; in risafre. nor 
capiivaiinK in his manner*, and was rvscrvi-il 
and silent. — .Srr /jits or' Munim luf P. Hony 
a«.y .1/ /.. IT r-s. omi ly »\ C. Simm*. 

llarkoe, Pktcr. i<oet. d. Phila. 1792. 
Pub. " Miss-cllanions Poems," 1787; "The 
Times," a iKjcm. KS-^^ ; " The I>airiot Chief," 
a irairedy ; " Keconciliation," an o|icra ; and 
is ihesupiH>seil author of " The Alp;rine Spy." 

Marquette (mar'-kJi ). JAcgfEs. one of 
ihf lirst I xplorx-rs of the Mpi.. b. Laon. Franci-, 
I6;I7 ; d. May 18. 1675. Becominc a Jesuit at 
the a^e of 17, he sailed lor Canada as a mis- 
sionary in 1666. After jia-<sing ab. 18 inonihs 
at Thrve Ri»-ers. in .\pr. 1668 he f<>niide>l -ai 
Ijike Su[>erior Ihe nii-smn of S.iult Sic. Marie. 
In 1669. after a short stay at La|«inle. he lol- 
lowed iIk> Hurvns to Mackinaw, wtun- in 1671 
he built a eha|>el al the mission of St li:natius, 
or Mil liiliniacin.ae: in May, 167.1. be aceomp. 
Jolliet's ex|>eil. to explore the Mpi . and. alter 
travelling in canoes over S,MO miles, relumed 



>LA.R 



599 



ytAJR 



in Sept. They proceeJcJ to Gre- n Buy, 
tliroii;,'li Fox Kiver, lo tlic \Viji»:oii.-.in, and 
ihcriof hy I'ortagc to the Mjii., which ilicy de- 
•cciidcd tu the Arkan^iu. Returning, 'ih<-y 
a^iindid ihc Illinois, (irwcfdoj thence across 
tu Liiltc Micliigun, to Green Bay, and to the 
inisAi'in, wiiiiuut n^rioui accident. During thin 
c.x|)ed. he prcfjarol a map of ihe route. Huv- 
i»j; prouiJKed the Kasl<a.iKia Indiana fj returu 
and p:cii':h to them, after (i« inj; deiaiufd ayear 
l>y •jekn'-s3, be set oat in Oct. 1074, wish two 
white men and a number of 8ava:;e4, for the 
*iil:i;reof Jia.->ka-kia. Afu-r wintering at tlie 
I'oi la;:e in tlie Chicago, he icached Kajika^kia, 
A {jr. 8, 1(>75, and at once )>cgan a mission by 
creeling an altar, and c<jlehrating the fc-tival 
of ICast.r; but, conscious that hiii end wajt ap- 
proacliing, he noon arU'mpteil to return to 
^lackinaiv, hut died near ilie rnouth ot a river 
on the cajit shore of Lake .Michigan, which 
btill Ixrara b'n name. " lie wajt of a cheerful, 
joyous di>po!'iiion, playful even in his manner, 
and universally ticloved." His narraiive wan 
pub. at Paris in 1631, in Thevenot'a " litcueil 
di: Vo;/<i'/eA." Thi- account, aik well a.s a jour- 
nal of the mi.-sionary s la^t expo]., Ls in Shea's 
"Di-covf-rv and Exploration of the ilpi. Val- 
ley," X.y.'l&5i. 

Marryat, Capt. Fredeisick, R. X., an 

En:;ii-h lJOveli^t, t). London,. July 10, l''J-2; d. 
Aug. 2, 11548. His nioih--r was the dau. of 
Freilerirk (ieyer of Boston. Entering the 
navy at an early age, he disting. himself in 
several engagements, particularly in 1814 by 
cutting out 4 ve^ui',■is in iiukU/n Bay, and in an 
arcion with gunboats on Lake Pontchartrain. 
He also benefited the naval profession by the 
inrention of his well-known code of signals. 
He commenced his literary career in 1829, pro- 
ducing a great nuiuljer of sea-tales, among the 
best of which are " Peter Simple," " Midship- 
man Ea-y," " Percival Keenc," &c. In 18.37 
he vi-iu:d the US, and on his return pub. his 
'• Diary in Ami rica," which reflected some- 
what ►cverely on our national < haracterisiics. 
This was followed by .3 additional vols., and by 
his " Travels of M. Violec," supposed to be 
founded on the adventures of Chateaubriand in 
thi- wo<j.n ot the New World 

Marsh, Charles, LL. D. (DC. 1S28), 
lawyer, I.. Lebanon, Ct , .July 10, 1765; d. 
Wwdstwk. Vt., Jan. 11, 1849. Dartm. Coll. 
1T!?6. His father, Hon. Joseph Marsh, removed 
to Vl before the Kevol., where he Ix-came a 
leading Whig, and wa. several years lieut.-gov. 
ol the State. Charles studio! law, and com- 
mcnce<l practice at Woodsuxk, Vt., in 1788. 
For 50 years he was a sncei.ssfal lawier. Dur- 
ing the presidencrof Wasliington he was dist. 
any. ot Vu The A.B.C.F.M., the Bible, and 
Colonization Societies, long felt his efBciency 
and liljerality as a member; and he took an 
active part in the Dartm. Coll Controversy. 
M.C. I SI 5-1 7, and a founder of the Araericaa 
Colon iza* ion S<jciety. 

Marsh, Dextek. student of the fossils of 
the Ct. Va.lcy, b lWi6; d. Greenfield, Ms., 
Apr. 2. 1853. An uneducateil laborer, his a^ 
Irnti'in was drawn m 18.35 lo the subject of 
fossiig. by oliserving [be footprints in slabs used 
(or flagging-stones. He explored the valley 



from the northern line of M.<. to Wc.-hersfield, 
and also the .States of N.J. and N.ll , anil made 
Very extensive collections, wiiich were soid at 
auction alter his d' ath. 

Marsh, Geokce Pebkiss, LL.D. (U.U. 
lno'jj, philologtst and diplomatist, b. \Voi.;d- 
siock, Vt., Mar. 17, 18f)l. Dartm. Coll. 1820. 
Son of Charles. He seitlol as a lawyer at 
Burlingfjn, Vt., and acjuired an extensive 
practice. Member of the S'ate legisl. and 
executive council in 1835; M.C. in 1842-9; 
resident minister to Turkey in 1849-.'^3; in 
18.52 he wa-> charged with a spc-cial mi-sion to 
Greece; and since I8CI has Ixxn resident min- 
ister to Italy ; in 1857 he was app. by the gov. 
of Vt. to make a rejwrt to the legid. on the 
artificial propagation of fish; Vt. railroad 
comniiss. 1857-9. Author of "The Goths in 
New Eiig.," a grammar of the old Northern or 
Icelandic language ; and of various es.«ays, lite- 
rary and historical, relating to the Goths, and 
their conn<:ction with America; of an interest- 
ing work on the Camel ; and numerous pub. 
addresses and speeches ; " Leciurt s on the 
English Language," N.Y. 1860; " The Origin 
and History of the English Language," 1862; 
"Man and Nature," 1864. He ro. in 18-38 
Caboli.ne CitASE, b. Berkeley, ils., De-c 1, 
1816. She has pub. "The Uai.ig, or the 
Sh>-epfold in the Waters," translated from the 
German ; and " Wolfe of the Knoll aud other 
Poems," N.Y. 1860. 

Marsh, James, a Briiisb gen. ; d. 1804. 
Capi. in the 46th liegt. Feb. 2, 1757; was 
wounded in the atta^ k on Fort Tieonderoga, 
July 8, 1758; lx.-camc major, Julv 2-3, 1772; 
and lieut.-col. (43d) Aug. 28, 1776, Uie day 
after the battle of Long Inland. Alter serving 
through the American war, he was apji. col. 
(77th Foot) Oct. 12, 1787; niaj..gen. Oct. 12, 
1793 ; and lieut.-gen. Jan. I, 1798. 

Marsh, James, D.D. (Amii. Coll. 1833), 
scholar and divine, b. Hartford, Vt., Jiilv 19, 
1794; d. Colchester, Vt., Julv 3, 1842. Durtm. 
Coll. 1817; And. Sem. 1822. His lxjyhuo<l 
was passed on a farm. Tutor at 1). Coll. 
1818-20. Ord. as a Cong, mini-ter 12 Oct. 
1824; was in 1824-6 prof, of language^ in 
Ilamp. Sid. Coll. Va. ; in 1826-33 was pre*, 
of the U. ofVt. ; and was in ls.3'i-42 p.of. 
of moral and iniell. philos. there. In 18:^9 Dr. 
Marsh publishe-il an edition of Colen'dge's 
" Aids to Reflection," with a preliminary essay, 
and copious noies. Besides this. Dr. Man'li 
published some translations from the German, 
among thern Herder's " Spirit of Hebrew 
Poetry," and articles in the lca<ling reviews. 
In 1829 he pub. a series of papers in the Vt 
C/ironirJe, signed " Philopolis," on Popular 
Education ; and in 18-30 " Selections from Old 
English Writers on Practical Theoljigy." Am- 
herst College and Columbia College each con- 
ferred on him the degree of doctor of divinity. 
He was a thorough scholar, a profound thinker, 
and an el(X|uent ajlvfjcatc ot the highest trutlis 
of reiigious philosophy. Prof Torrey, of the 
U. of Vt., ptib. a vol. of his " Kernain.-," with 
a Memoir, B^j-ton, 1^43. 

Marsh, Jobs, D.D. (Jefl; Coll. I!;52), 
Cong, ciergvinan and temperance reformer, 
b. Wethersdeld, Ct., Apr. 2, 1783; d. Crook- 



M-AJl 



GOO 



>LAJ% 



lyn, X.Y., Auj;. 4, 1868. Y.C. 1804. He 
•uidu'd tluvlu;;r with hU rutliir, »bo was 47 
Ti'ars |i.i.-tor ol tho Con;;, chimli of WulhiTS- 
ti< M, iiud il. Sept. 13, 1821 . Bo);iiD to pruach in 
ISO'J; and Iruin IKv. 16, 1818, lu Apr. 1, 1833, 
vti.^ pu.-:or ol' the Kirat I'hniX'li, llaUilam, Ct. 
B^.-coiiiiii;; Jivplv iiiUTvauU in ilu' uinpiT- 
•ncc nionu, lie J liviTi'J Uctun.-*, anil or);an- 
iz<Hl soci^lii-s tliruii^-li llv (ilatv. In 1831 
ho laboivU 3 luonilis in llulliinuiv and Wash- 
ington, lie WHS ojrnt lor ihc Ti m|)orane« 
Cuiuu in IMiila. in 1833-6; and fruiii that lime 
till hU d<aili was 8 c. ul' iho Union in New 
York, and iJiior of i.- joiinial. Kelirint; in 
1S66, ho pub. " T.iup- ranee lU'collectiims." 
U pull, niiiny addn-r^ti un ti'ui|)eranc<', and a 
" Coiuivndiuin of L<\ lesia^tioul lU.<iorv " in 
1S38, rovisiil in 180.">; " llall-C>ntiiry "Trib- 
uii' to tlio Cause of Te;iip.," X.Y., 1840 ; and 
" The Tempera ICO Sp ak.r," l_nio, I860. In 
1846 h.' w.i' dokvati to the World's Temper- 
aucv Couviniion iit Loud. 

M irsh^tll, AliXANDKU IC, pub. Rejiorts 
Com-, of ApjK'als, K_v., 1817-21, 3 vola. 8to, 
1613-26; d. .d;i on Co. 18ij, a. 55. 

MoTShJlU, Ciinii^TOfiiLR, Urvol. patriot 
of Puila. He r.tin.d Irom liusiues.s with a 
comiieieney iK-forv the liovoi., in whi. h, al- 
lliou^^h a Qiiaktr, ho took au aciire port in 
the comniitlots of council and of safetv. His 
Diar.v, 1774-81, calbd "Mar-hiill's Komein- 
braiiior," idi.cd by Wm. Umuie, was pub. in 
1839 and 1849. 

Mursbalt, Edward Ciiai-xcet, lawyer 
of New York. b. Little Fuls, X.Y., 1824. A 
d scenilaui of Capt. Samuel, kilb'd in the 
" Swamp Fi^ht," ton of Thos. the pioneiT 
at lio&tou, from whom Marshall St. is naiui.'il. 
Auilior of "Book of (.Iraiory," 1852; " Firtt 
Boo'iN of Or.ttorv ; " " &'iievese,"a vol. of (Kxnis ; 
" lliiiory U.S.^'aval Aiad.," 1862; "Ancestry 
of (jcii. lirant " 1S69 ; and a ivimiiUlet, " Aii; 
the Wo-i-roiur llniduai.* Loyal ; ' 1862. 

MarsliuU, IUmiiiuky, fotanist and hor- 
ticu.iuri.-t, b. We>t Knulfonl, Pa., 1722; d 
1801. A eou-sin of .)o)>n Uar<rara. lie pub. 
Arhu^ittttH AiHfrtCiiiium, the Aiiirnoan frrove, a 
catalogue of fon'st ireos and shrul>!-,Plu;a.8vo, 
178Jand 1788. AFreneh translation ap|>carcd 
in 17SS. — .S.V MeiuoriiUsvf'.l. liirtiam mij d. 
MtirsfiiiJI, I'll ir. f)nHin-j<OH, Phila. 8vo, 1840. 

Marshull, Himimibev, pioneer to Ky. in 
1780; d. L«>.\inj:ton, Kv., 1 July, 1841, a't the 
residence of his >on, A. k. Marshall. A relatiro 
of Chief Jusiioe >L MemluT of the State con- 
vention in 1787; ser>ed many years in the 
State lefri-l. ; and was U.S. senator in 1795- 
1801. Author of the tirst Hi-tory of Kcn- 
tuckr, ;iub. in 1 vol. 1812, enlarp.<d to 2 vols, 
in 1824. 

Marshall, HruriiKET, politieiaii,h. Frank- 
fort, Ky.,.Ii\n. 13, 1812. Wist Point, 1832; 
re-~L;no.l IS-Ti. ile studiiil law, which he prac- 
ti-e\l in I.oi;i-ville with sueevss; joined Gen. 
Taylor as cul. of cavalry, ti{,-hiin;; at Buina 
Vi>ta, an 1 leotliii; the cliar.:e of the Ky. vois. 
In 1847 h' retired to a larin in li nry Co. ; 
M.C. 1849-J2 anil 1855-9; ami wa.- loniiniss. 
to C.ii'ia, whioh was iniro^-diately raised to a 
t:r -c.iss mission, 1852-3. In 1861 he was a 
g'.n. in the Coaled, army ; cum. iu Ky.; de- 



feated by Gen. Gartleld at Pr«stonbui|; 7 Jan. 
1862; and af1er%vard coin, under Kirby Smith. 

Marshall, John, l.l-l) (N.J.Coi'i i.-i.), 

juris!, 11. Geriiiiiiiiowii, Kiiuiiuier Co., Vu ,Sept. 
24. 1755 ; d. IMiila. July fi. 18.35. Son .,1 (.ol. 
Thomas, 3d \'ii. He;;!., a man uf Mi)ieiiiir lal- 
CIII9, but a plainer ol siuull lurtune, w Uo »i;:iiul- 
ixod hiniso.r during; ibc Uevol., cs|Kviul.y ut 
Unindywine, wheiv his r\-|;t. bon- ilie brum of 
the Uri.isli assault letl by C'ornwidlis in person. 
John, though never tit oullejie, bail some elas- 
sieal instruction ; en^'Uf^vd n ith iinlur ill the 
Uevol. siru;r.:le ; was a li>ui. in 1776; and capt. 
in .May. 1777. He fou-hl H^'aiiist lA>id Uun- 
niurv in the battle of Groit L!ridi.-e, and was 
allerwards in ibe Itattles ut liiumlywine. Ger- 
niunlonn, and .Munnumtli. In 1781 he rc- 
sl;;iiid. and, having been adin. lo the bar, de- 
voted himself lo the practice of the Ian, and 
soon attained eininenee. Meinliei of the con- 
vention assembled in Vu. fur ilio ratiticaiiun 
of the Constitution uf the US , t;rcatly dis- 
till;;. himM'lf by his powerful rco^unin),' uiid 
eloquence, as he also subse<|ucnlly did in the 
legislature of Va. in the dis.usAiun relaiive to 
Jay's treaty, lie whs solicited by Washiii^toa 
to accept llie otfice of atty gen., and a;;ain, on 
the recall of Mr. Monroe from France, tendered 
the iip|i. as his sm-ces-or ; but he declineil both ; 
yet he afierwarxls aivepti-d from I'res. Adams 
ilioaii|j.of envoy to France, with Gov. Piiickney 
and Mr. Gerry. The eiiioys, bowovcr, noi be- 
ing tttx-rcdiied, Marshall returned to the US. 
in ihe summer ol 1798. .M.C. 1799; in 1800 
sec. uf war; soon afleiwanis suecvedc<l Pi. ter- 
ing as sec. of state; iiud, on the re-ignaiiuii of 
Chief Justice Kllsworth, was made, Jan. 31, 
1801, chief justice of the U.S.. whieh ottiee be 
hlled with distill^'. rc|>iitalioii until his Uealli. 
I'ns. ot the Coloniiation Soc ; vic^-pic,-. of 
the Bililc Soc. Author of " The Lile ol \V ash- 
ingli'n." jiub. 5 vols. 1805, si-eoiid etbiion, 
greatly improved, and coniprxssed into two 
vols., 1832; " ilisl. uf the Colonies planted by 
the l'.n;;iish in N. A.," ^vo. Phila. 1824. His 
writin;;s uiKin the Feder.il Constitution wiro 
pub. 8vi>, Boston. 1839. His di-cisions ( Va. 
Olid N.C. cireiiii) weix" pub. bv Brockenbrough, 
2 vo.s. Sv.i. 1837. 

Marshall, John James, jurist, b. Wood- 
foi\l C»., Kv.. Aug. 4. 1785; d. Ixiuisville, 
June, 1846' N. J. t'nil. 1806. He HltaiiKtl 
distinction in the protession of the law ; wus 
also an active )H>iiiiciaii ; in 1814, and many 
years sub.sequenily, was a member ol tlic State 
ie^isl. From 1836 to his death he pn-sldi'd 
over the Circuit Court. His ample esi.iio was, 
duriiii; the liiianeial iTvulsiun in 1837, pincvd at 
the disiiusal of bis frieniU ; and ho died a poor 
in.iii. ile pub. " lie|iurts Kv. Cu ol Appeals, 
18.!l-4. " 7 vols. 8vo. 

Marshcdl, Thomas, col. Kerol. army, b. 
Bosion. 1718; d. Wi-ston, .Ms., 18 Nov. 1800. 
Sun ol Capt. Chii^iopher. (.'apt A. mid Hon. 
Art Co. 176;<aiid '67 ; maj. Boston rvgt 1765; 
li. ut.eoi. 1767-71 ; com. ilie loili .M». Uegl. in 
th.' Iferiil., and wosdisling. al S.miiotra 

Marshall, Tii<>mv!> Alkxandkb, LL.D 
(Y.C. ISbu). I.. \V,.v«iior»l Co., Kv., 15 Jan. 
17'.'4 ; d. lAiuisville 17 Apr. 1871. Y.C. 1815. 
Son ol Scuuiur Uumphrvy by a dau. of CoL 



-MJ^SR 



GOl 



TULAJR 



Tiios. Marslinll. Began to practise law in 
Frankfort in 1817; moved to I'aris, Ky., in 
1819. M.C. 1831-5; jiKl^c of the Court of 
A|i|Ji.'als 18'J5-5G; prof, of law 8cliool of Trans. 
U. 18.iii-»9; rhicfjusiicc Court of App. 18C6. 

Marshall, Tmomas F., politiiiaii, b. Ky. ; 
(1. n^ar V'l'i-.saillcs. Wo'.iford Co., Ky., Stpt. 22, 
l!<64,al). a. (ii. Asonof Cliiof-Jusiice Marshall. 
A lawyer by profes.iion, a man of talent and 
;;enius, he ftaerilieed to iniemjwrance the |>rom- 
isB of a bri;;ht career. He iie^^an pracliee at 
a.i early aj;e; removed to Louisville in 18.31 ; 
became distin;;. as a political speaker ; was 
sent to the le^isl. in 18.'jl ; was a judge of the 
Louisville Circuit Court ; and was M.C. in 
18il—'i, addiii;.' to his high reputation by his 
speeches iu that body. 

Marston, Gilmw, M.C. 18.')9-6.3 and 
18'io-7, b. Orford, N.U. Dartm. Coll. 18.37; 
Dane Law vSchool, 1S40. Began to practise 
law at Exeter, N.H., in 1841 ; member N.H. 
legisl. l84r>-9, and of the Const. Conv. in IS.W ; 
col. 2d N.II Regt. June, 1861, serving in both 
battles M Manassas, through the Peninsular 
C:iMipaign, and iit Frederi' ksburg ; made brig.- 
gcn. 29 Nov. 1862; aliaehed to the Army of the 
James in 1864 ; and engaged at Orury's Bluff, 
Cold IIar!)or, and Petersburg. 

Martin, Ali;xaxdek, LL.I). (\. J. Coll. 
1T9.J), b. N.J. ab. 1740; d. Danburv, N C, 
Nov. 1807. N.J. Coll. 17.-)6. In 1721 his 
father cmig. from Tyrone Co., Ireland, and 
settled in N. J. Alex, settled in Guilford Co., 
N.C., in 1772 ; was a member of the Colonial 
Assembly; col. of a Cont. regt. ; ami in the 
battles of Brandy wine and Germantown ; State 
senator 1779-82, 'BTi, '87, and '88; speaker of 
the senate at the close of the war, and, as such, 
acting gov. in 1781-2; gov. of N.C. 1782-.5 
and 1789-92; member of the convention to 
adopt the Federal Constitution 1788; U.S. 
senator 1793-9. He was vain of his literary 
attainments, and pub. in the N. C. Unhxr.iili/ 
Muij. iioetical tributes to Gen. Francis Nash 
and Gov. Ca.-well. — IV7ire/«-. 

Martin, U.wid, author of "Erin is my 
Home," and oiher popular pieces; d. Baton 
Hxuge, La., 18.')6. 

Martin, Fhanqois Xavieu, LL.D. (II.U. 
1841), jurist, b. Marseilles, France, March 17, 
17f2; d. N. Orleans, Dec. 10, 1846. In 1782 
he came to the U S. ; established himself in 
Newbern, N.C. He at first supported himself 
by teaching French ; learned j)rinting, and 
established a newspaper, the copies of which 
he peddled through the a<ljoining counties; and 
afterwards pub. school-books, almanacs, trans- 
Litions of French works, &c. He then studied 
law, and was ab. 1789 adm. to the bar, and be- 
came disiing. iu the profession. Pursuing at the 
same time his vocation of printer, he pub. 
brief treati>es on thedutiesofsherifTs, of justices 
of the peace, and of executors and ailminis- 
trators. App. during JcflTerson's administration 
jinlge of the Mpi. Terr. ; and Feb. 1813 was 
app atiy.-gen. of the State. Feb. 1, 1815, he 
was elevated by Gov. Clailwrnc to the Supremo 
Bench of La., and was chief justice from Jan. 
5, 18.'i7, to 1845. Judge Martin was a good 
grneral scholar, as well as a sound lawyer. 
His Histories of La. (2 vols.Svo. 1818) and N.C. 



(N.O. 1829, 2 vols. 8vo) are monuments to his 
inilustry, and his talents as an historian. Ho 
pub. " Notes of Decisions in the Superior Cts. 
of NC. 1787-96," 8vo, 1797; "Acts of the 
N.C. Assembly, 1715-1803, "2vols.4to; "Re- 
ports of the Superior Court of Orleans from 
1809 to 1812 ; " and " Reports of the .Supreme 
Court of La. from 1813 to 18.30," besides a 
Digest of the Territorial and State Laws in 
French and English. 

Martin, GiiORGE,chiefjusticeof Michigan, 
b. Middlebury, Vt., 1815; d. Detroit, 15 Dec. 
1867. He sitilcd in Graml Rapids, Mich., 
1836; became a county Judge; in 1851 a judge 
of the Sup. Court, and chief justice from 1857 
to his death. 

Martin, John, gov. of Ga. 1782-3. App. 
iu 1761 naval officer at Sunbury, Ga. ; member 
of the 1st Prov. Congress, July, 1775, and of 
the council of safety ; entered the Ga. Cont. 
line as capt. ; and was in 1781 lieut.-col., and 
member of the le:;isl. from Chatham Co. ; 
State treasurer in 1783; couimiss. to iinike a 
treatv with the Creek Indians in Jan. 1783. 

Mlartin, Joseph P., a Revol. soldier, b. 
Berkshire Co., Ms., 1760; d. Prospect, Me., 
May 2, 1850. Son of a Cong, clergyman. He 
entered the Rool. army in the spring of 1776, 
serving throughout the war, and participating 
in 6e»-cral of its most bloody battles. At its 
close he removed to Prospect, then compara- 
tively a wilderness, where he was town clerk 
for over a quarter of a century. He pub. in 
18.30 a narrative of his adventures. 

Martin, Joshua L, M.C, Ala., 1835-9; 
gov of Al.i. 18J.5-7 ; d. Tusealoo.sa, Nov. 2,18.56. 

Martin, Josiah, gov. of N.C. 1 771-5, b. 
Apr. 23, 1737; d. Lond. July, 1786. His 
father Sanmcl of Va. lost a large estate by 
confiscation. His brother Samuel, M.P. for 
Camelford, fought a duel with John Wilkes. 
Joniuh became ensign 4th Foot, Dec. 1 750, and 
was in 1769 a lieut.-col. He succeeded in 
pacifying the regulators of N.C, and took 
energetic measures to preserve the royal author- 
ity in 1775 ; but Apr. 24 was obliged to fly, and 
took refuge on board " The Cruiser," from 
which ship he issued a proclamation, Aug. 8. 
He was on Ixjard the fleet of Sir P. Parker at 
Charleston in June, 1776 ; was with Cornwal- 
lis at the di'fcat of Gates at Camden in 1780, 
but left N.C on account of ill health in Mar. 
1 781, and withdrew to Long Island, and thence 
to England. 

Martin, Luther, LL.D.. lawver, b. N. 
Brunswick, N.J., 1744 ; d. N.Y.,JulV 10,1826. 
N J. Coll. 1766. He taught school in Queens- 
town. Md. ; studied law; was adm. to the bar 
in 1771 ; commenced practice in Accomac and 
Noriltampton, Va. ; and was adm. an attorney 
in the courts of Somerset and Worcester, soon 
attaining a lucrative practice. In 1774 he 
became a member of the cotn. to oppose the 
claims of Great Britain, and a memlier of the 
Annapolis convention. He pub. an answer to 
the addri'ssof the Bros. Howe ; also an address 
" To the inhabitants of the Peninsula between 
the Del. River and the Chesapeake; " membtir 
of the Old Congress in 1784-5. Feb. 11, 1778, 
he was app. atty.-gen. of Md. A violent poli- 
tician, he wrote many pungent essays against 



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602 



MJVS 



ihc ttii'n Dciiioi:. party ; whs in 1804 one of the 
ilelonilcri* uf JiKliju Chii!><: imiicaclicil in ihc 
h. of ri'prcsi-nutivFii ; anil was tlio piTMinul and 
political fiicnd of Burr, wlio>o ai'ijuittal he wad 
iiiatruiucnial in procuring whi-n tried for 
treason in 1807. App. chief juil;;c of ourr and 
terminer in 1814 lor Baltimore, and a^'ain 
aity.-);en. of the State in 1818. He violently 
op|>osed the iVderal Constitution, thou);h a 
luenilier of the convention which (rained it, 
advoriitint; the equality of the States, and cun- 
tenilin^ that a small State should have as many 
Coni;rev,inen as a lar);c State. Author of a 
" Oeleiiee of dipt. Cresap from the Cliar(;c 
of Murder luuJo in Jclferson's Notes," and 
"Genuine Iiilurniiition, &c., of the Convention 
at I'hila.," &c , 8vo, 1788. — .Sfe Sat. I'ort. 
Call. r;,. 

Martin, Robert M., jurist, b. Worcester 
Co.. Md., 1798; d.SaratO!;:i,X.Y.,.Iulv20, 1870. 
X.J. Cull. M.C. 1825-7; chifjud-e West- 
ern Ciriiiit of Md. 1845-31 ; jiiiL-e Su|>oriur 
Court uf Baltimoro 1856-07; and prof, lu the 
Law School U. 1867-70. 

Martin, Simeon, Uevol. p.ttriot.; d. Sio- 
konk, IM., Sept. 30, 1819, a. 65. In 1775 ho 
joimtt Col. Crane's art. n'pt., and was a capl. 
m the K.I. line at the hattio of Ta'Uton. Dur- 
ing the war he was adj.-;;en., and sul>sei|uently 
m.y.-gvn. of the State militia, lie loiij; repn- 
sonted New|X)rt in the Gen. Assembly, and, un- 
til he divlined in 1816, was repeatedly chosen 
lieut.-^ov. of U.I. 

Martin, Col. William, soldier, b. Va. 26 
Nov. 1705 ; d. Smith Co., Tenn., 4 Nov. 1846. 
Near the close of the Uevol. he took part in a 
eamiKU^'n a;;.iinst the Indians. Atmui 1786 be 
led a cumpuny of pioneor.i to Tenn. ; afterward 
settled in S.C., wurrc he was a niembi'r of the 
Ic^isl. Ho returned to Tenn. in 1798 ; was a 
meinlier of the lc;;isl.; and in 1812-13 com. a 
n'^'t. of vols, under Jackson in the Cr..ek eain- 
p.iiu'u; and was at Tallude;^a and in other cn- 
^afrnniuts. 

Martin, Willmm D., lawver and politi- 
cian, b. Mariintowu, S.C, Oct. 20, 1789; d. 
Charl.ston. Nov. 16, 1833. He studied law at 
Lit -lilield, Cl. ; practis<-dat Edgeworth, Coosaw- 
batchio, and several other courts; and in 1816 
was a iniinbr of the lei^isl. In 1818 he w;is 
maile chairman of the judiei.irv com. and clerk 
of the Sbkte senate ; and wxs M.C. from 1827 to 
1833. One of the ablest jurists and advocates 
of S.C, he became in 18.10 a judf^.' of the Cir- 
cuit Covin. He was of the ultr.i State-rights 
school, and w:is prominent in maintaining the 
priiK'iple of nullilication. 

MJirtiudalc, Joux IIexbt, lawyer and 
s.jldier, b. S.mdv Hill, Washin-ton Co., N.Y., 
Mar. 20, 1813. "Wi'si Point, I8:i5. In 1836 he 
beciiiiif a civil en;,'r.; allerward studii'd law with 
his fath-r; and praciis<d sui-cessively at Bata- 
via and Uoi'liester. Made bri^.-(;en. vols. Aun. 
9, 1861, h« aecomp. Gi>n. McClc.lan to York- 
town ; and w.is in all the hatth-s In'forc Uich- 
mond, in the 5th army eori*, under Gfn F. .1. 
Porter. En;.t<f.nMl in operations south of Uich- 
moiid, in th' Army of tlio James, in May, 1 864 ; 
p.ir.ii'ipatetl with the Army of the Potomac in 
the baitlesof Cold llarbori June 1-3, 1864. and 
licguof Petersburg; and com. ISth army corps 



Julv-Scpt. 1864. Brov. roai.-',.'en. U.S. vols. 
13 ^lar. 1865, for battle of Slalvern UiU ; re- 
signed 13 Sepu 1864; utty.-gen. N.Y. ISCC.— 
Cutlum. 

Martineau, ILirriet, an Engli.-.h autlior- 
cas, b. Norwich, June 12, 1802. She had i«;ab- 
lished a hi^'h reputation as a thinker and a nov- 
elist, when, in Au;:. 1834, she sailed lor Amer- 
ica, and travelled e.\t<.ii»ivcly in the U.S., where 
she rcceivitl much attention, and, on her return 
in the summer of 1836, pub. "Society in Amer- 
ica." She also pub. in 18.'38 her "lUirospoct 
of Western Travel;" "Ili.rory of England 
during the 30-Ycars' Peao," 2 vo:s. Is50; and 
"Biog. Skeiche-s," 1S69. Bi- ides her nniucr- 
oiis publications, she is a I'miui nt couiiib. to 
some of the Iciulin;; ina.'azincs and |Kriodicals. 

Martyr, I'tTF.R, See Anghiera. 
Mascarene, Jeas Pail, acting gov. of 

Nova Scotia ia 1740-9, b. Cxstras, Liinguedoc, 
Framv, ;b84 ; d. Boston, Jan. 22, 1760. Of a 
Huguenot I'.iinily. Paul, at the age of 1 1, ex- 
patriated hiinsi'ii to G.neva, whore he w.is edu- 
cated by Mr. li;i)>in. Mo went to Eng., where 
he was naturali/.cHl in 1706 ; entered the army 
as a lieut. the sain" yeir; came with the Eng- 
lish troops to Ami'rica in 1 7 1 1 , and was em- 
ployed in Nova Scotia, where he was by decrees 
advanced to the rank of col., and was also licut.- 
jrov. and eom.-in<'hief. Made a mnj.-gou. in 
1753. App. a councillor in 1720, and many 
years the senior ou the Iward. Ab. 1720 he 
transmitted to the plantation ulYice a complete 
dcsi-ripiion of the province, with suggcsiions for 
its settlement and d< I'ence. In 1 744 he defendid 
Aima|>olis, ami lioat oil' the French under l)u 
Vivicr. With the govs, of Ms. and N.ll. he 
ni-gotiatid with the Indians the treat v of 1725. 

Mason, Aemiste.vd Tiiomso.v, t'.S. si'na- 
tor 1815-17, b. Loudon Co., Va., 1787; 
killed in a duel with Col. McCartv, Feb. 5, 
181'J. Win. and M. Co.l. Ib07. Son of Sen- 
ator Stevens Thomson Moson. Was ;i farimr 
bv occupation; a col. in the w;ir of 1812, and 
ably deiended Noriolk; and was sul«ei|Ucuily 
a brig.-gen. of Viu iniliiia. His only c'.iild, 
Stevens Thomson, acapt. of the inoimted rifles, 
fell tuoriallv wounded at Cerro Gordo. In con- 
soiiucnce of a ixditical dispute with his n-lative 
John McCarty, they Ibugiit a duel at Bladens- 
burg with muskets. His corrcsp. with his an- 
tagonist, which was pub., manifested the most 
malignant ferocity. 

Mason, Cuasles; d. Phila. 1787. Assist, 
of Dr. Bnvlley at the Koy. Obseriatory, Gr en- 
» ich. He pub. Mayer's " Lunar Tables Im- 
proved," Lond. 4to,' 1789 ; and c-ontrib. astro- 
nomical papers to "Phila.Traus.," 1701, '68, 
'70. Wiib .Icremiah Dixon be ran the bound- 
ary-line U'twe.n Md. and Pa., known as "Mason 
and Dixon's Line," in 1763-8. 

Mason, Charles, lawver, b. N.Y'. al<out 
180.S. West Point (Ist in class), 1829. Enter- 
ing the cngrs., he resigned 3 D>c. 1831, and 
has since iiractised law ot Newlmrg, N. Y. 
(1832-4), N. Y. Citv (1814-6), Burlington, 
Iowa (1847-53. 1858-9), and at Washington, 
D. C. (since 1860). Acting cilitor N. Y. Kt-g. 
l\ai 1835-6; disi.-attv. Di s Moint'S Co., Wis., 
18.17-S; chief justice Su]i. Court of Iowa 1838- 
47; com miss, to draught a code of laws fo( Stat« 



m:a.s 



603 



1MAS 



3f Iowa 1843-51 ; judge of Dcs Moines Co. 
Court 1851-2; U.S. coininissioner of patents 
1353-7. — CMuiii. 

Mason, KiiiiNKZER Porter, astronomer, 
1). Washington, Ct., Dec. 7, 1819; d. near 
l{icliinini(l,'Va., Dec. 24, 1840. YC. 18.3D. 
Tliougli (inly 21 at the time of his death, 
voung Mason had attained distinguished rank 
as a niatliemaiieian and astronuniur. In tlie 
suninicroi 1840 he assisted in exploring and 
fi.\ing the disputed boundary between Me. and 
Canada. In the short interval between his 
graduation and death, he found time, in nar- 
row eircumstances, with rapidly-failing health, 
to pursue and pub. his " Observations on Neb- 
ul;e," a paper whieli gained the admiration of 
Sir .J, llersehel. His Life ami Writings were 
pul). in 1842 liv Prof Olmstead. 

Mason, Erskixe, D D. (Col. Coll. I8.-i7), 
minister of Bleecker-st. Church, New York. 
lS.-)0-51, b N.Y. Citv, 16 Apr. 1805 ; d. M.iy 
14,1851. Dick. Coll' 182-'). Son of Dr. John 
M. .Mason. Ord. Presb. ehureh, 20 Oct. 1826 ; 
installed over the church at Schenccta<ly 3 
M:iy, 1827 ; prof, of Eccles. Hist. Union The- 
ol. ' Sem. 18:56-42. His Memoir, by Hcv. 
Wm. Adams, is prefixed to his sermons on 
practical subjects, entitled " A Pastor's Lega- 
cy," 8vo, 1853. — Hjirwim. 
' Mason, Fraxcis, D.D. (B.U. 1853), cler- 
gyman and mission iry, b. York, Eng., Apr. 2, 
1 799. He was a shoemaker's apprentice ; at 
19 emig. lu Phila. ; settled at Canton, Ms., in 
1825 ; studied at the Theol. Sem., Newton, Ms., 
in 1327; and in May, 18.30, having been ord., 
sailed with his wife for Calcutta as a mission- 
ary of the Baptists to the Karens. Acquiring 
the language, he wrote its first book, " The 
Sayings of the Elders." He prepared I'ali and 
Burmese grammars, and acquired many of 
the Oriental languages. In 1853 he jiub. a 
Karen translation of the Bible. He was also 
medical a'lviser to this tribe, and. having stud- 
ied medicine, pub. a small work on materia 
mcdica and pathology in one of the Karen dia- 
lects. Many years editor of the Mornitv/ ■'>lur, 
a K.ucii monthly, in both the Sgan and Pwo 
dialects. iMember of many literary and scien- 
tific bodies. His English writings are " Re- 
port of the Tavoy Mission Society ; " " Life of 
Kothabvn," the Karen apostle; " Memoir of 
Mrs. Helen M. Mason," 1847; "Memoir 
of "San Quala," 1850; and " Burmah, its 
Peo|de and Natural Productions," 1852, en- 
largcil edition, 1861. — A/iplelon. 

Mason, George, .statesman, b. Doeg's 
Neck, Fairfax Co., Va., 1726; d. Oct. 7, 1792. 
His ancestor Col. George, an M. P. in the 
reign of Charles I., subsequently an officer in 
the army of Charles II., after the dil'eat at 
W(ini>icr in 1651, escaped to America, atid 
lauded at Norfolk, Va. George, after his mar- 
riage with Ann Eillwck, built Gunstou Hall on 
the banks of the Potomac, where he resided till 
his dcatli. In 1769 he drew up the non-im- 
portation resolutions, which were presented by 
Washinirton in the \'a. Assembly, and unani- 
mously adopted. Against the a.sseriion by the 
British parliament of the right of taxation. 
Mason wrote a tract, entitled " E.xtraets from 
<he Va. Charters, with some Remarks upon 



them." At a meeting of the people of Faii^ 
fax, July 18, 1774, Mason presented a series of 
24 resolutions, which reviewed the whole 
ground of controversy, reeoniniended a con- 
gress of the Colonies, and urged the policy of 
non-intercourse with the mother-country. 
They were sanctioned by the Va. eonv. of 
Aug., and substantially adopted by the first 
Gen. Congress on the 20th of Oct. He was a 
member of the com. of safety ; and in May. 
1776, in tlie Va. convention, drafted the deel. 
of rights and the constitution of Va., which 
were adopted by a unanimous vote. His ability 
as a debater, as well as his liberal spirit, was 
eminently displayed in the first legisl. of Va., 
upon his measure for the repeal of all the old 
disabling acts, ami for legalizing all modes of 
worship. In 1777 he was elected to the Cont. 
Congress ; in 1 787 he was a member of the 
convention to frame the U.S. Constitution ;• 
took a leading part in its debates, and favored 
the election of the pres. directly by the people, 
and for a term of 7 years, with ineligibility 
afterward. He spoke with great energy 
against the clause of the Cpnstitution which 
prohibited the abolition of the slave-trade till 
1808, declaring that slavery was a source of 
national weakness and demoralization, and it 
was therefore essential that the Gen. Govt, 
should have power to prevent its increase. 
Some of his propositions were defeated ; and he 
refused his signature to the instrument. In 
the Va. convention, with Henry, he opposed 
its ratification, unless withcertain amendments, 
some of which were afterwards adopted by 
Congressand the State. Elected first U.S. sen- 
ator from Va., he declined, and devoted the 
rest of his life to study, and to hunting and 
fishing, of which he was extremely fond. Jef- 
ferson say.s of him, " He was a man of the first 
order of wisdom, of expansive mind, profound 
judgn)ent, cogent in argument, learned in the 
lore of our former constitution, and earnest 
for the republican change on Democratic prin- 
ciples." 

Mason, George C, editor of the New- 
port Mficuni, b. Newport, R.I., 1820. Author 
of " Newport Illustrated," 1854; "George 
Ready," a story for boys, 1857 ; " The Appli- 
cation of Art to Manufactures," 12mo, 1858. 
— AHifione. 

Mason, J.iMES L.,brev. lieut.-col. U.S.A., 
b. Providence, R.I., 1817; d. San Francisco, 
Cal., Sept. 5, 1853. West Point, 1836. Son 
of Maj. Milo Mason. Lieut, of engr. July, 
1836; capt. 24 Apr. 1847; brev. major for 
gallantry at Contreras and Churubusco ; brev. 
lient.-col. for El Molino del Rcy, Sept. 8, 
1847, where he was severely wounded ; and was 
superintending the construction of fortifica- 
tions at San Francisco at the time of his death. 
He was long in charge of the construction of 
the fortifications of Fort Adams; and was 
a skilful and scientific engineer. Author of 
" Analytical Investigation of the Resistance of 
Piles 10 Superincumbent Pressure," 18.50, and 
of various milit. and scient. reports, 1836-53. 

Mason, J.\.mks Mcrray, senator, b. Ana- 
losta Island, Fairfax Co., Va., 3 Nov. 1798; 
d. near Alexandria, Va., 29 Apr. 1871. U. of 
Pa. 1818. Grandson of George, and sou of 



MJVS 



604 



\LiV3 



Gcii. John, who 0. Ckriiioni 19 M;ir. \>>*0. 
n. 81 lie KiudieJ law ui Win. iui>l Miiry 
Coll. ; U-4;iin firaclicc in 18A1; wat clwiol lo 
the li. ol diK'::ules iu I SiO, anil iwic rvM'lifn-J ; 
M.r. in I8.'i;-lt; nnd L'.S wnatur lioiu \»*', 
until (■\|H<IK'«1 in .)ul>, 1961, for lakinK (uiri in 
ihv Uvht-llion. lit- na* a loading |>ru>larery 
senator, iind was olmirni. ul' iho ••>■». on for- 
riu'n rvliitions. Hv scrvi-d in iho Confvd.con- 
gr»^: was ii|<|>. with John Slidcll n >-oniinis.i. 
lo JCn^.. and nns rapturvtl in tho British nmil- 
purkfl " Trtiii," by t"a|il. ^Vilko^, 8 Nov. 
1861, in the Btihniun Channel, and (xnilinod in 
Kort Warr^'n, Uo^lon hnrlwr, nntil rvh-uM-d on 
dimnnd of the British Uovt. 2 Jan. 186-J. Ko- 
luriiini; to ICn^., the coinini>sioniTs afterward 
rwsidid Miiiu' time in Paris, wluro their rix-ei)- 
lioii wa* wry friendly. Mr Muson was the 
anther of the Kii^iiiv -Slave Uiw i.f ISJO. 

Mason, Jeremixii, I.L.I). (ll.U. 1817), 
lawv.T, h. U'b;\iiou, Ct.. Apr. ST, 1768; d. 
Bo-tou, tKt. 14, 1848. Y.C. 1788. l).-s<.vndeHl 
from Capt. John M.isun of Ci. His maternal 
iincr.-tor was Kev. James I'iteh. llis father. 
Col. Ji reiniah. Ituvol. ort., c^mi. a coinp. of iiiin- 
titi--ini'U at tho si^'cof U»Mon, nnj d. Lo-luuion 
I8I.'1.> The xm stndii'd law ; wius adiu. to the 
Vt. Ixtr ill .lune, 1791 ; and U-'.'nu to practise in 
We-lniorwland, N. II. adjoining; Waljo'e; 
Uil in 171M n.-movi-d to Wal|>ole, and in 1797 
to I'ortsmouUi. In I80j he wasapu. aity,-p-n., 
and .-.iH>ii h vaini' the iU'knowle<l;.i'<l head I'l his 
prufes.'-iim in theState. U.S. senator 1813-17 ; 
iiieinlHT of the X.ll. le^i-il. dnriiij; several *s- 
sioii", in whi.'li lie took a leading; siiar' in there- 
vision of the State code. 1 le di'auu'lit<'<l the r> so- 
lii lions and iviiori ofiho le'^isl.on the Va. resolu- 
tions toiieliiiii the Mo. Coiupromise. la Apr. 
18;) J heremoviHlto Boston, where, until theiiffv' 
of 70, he was exton.-ively rv'toiued in ini|>ortaiit 
cau-i-a. U ■ Wius personally little kuowu out 
of X. XV Kti.'laiid ; but his name and |ir\'»iiice 
were I'amiliiir to every lawyer of his own and 
tho adjoiniu;; States ; and nothiui; eonid e.\- 
coed the r.s|K-et, and almost ti'nvr, that was 
felt at the bar lor the acuteness, rapidity, and 
vii^or of his mind. Mr. Webster .said of him, 
" 1 am liKiiud to say, that of my own profes- 
sional dis<-ipiine and atlainiueulji, whnleTer 
they may be, 1 owe mueh lo llmt clo*' atten- 
tion to the dischar^" of my duties, whieh I 
was coni)K'lled to pay for 9 snccessivo years, 
from day to day, oy Mr. Mason's elforts and 
ar>;nin<'n;s at the same bar. . . . The chai^ 
noteristies of his mind, as 1 think, »'erv> mil 
yr. ifZ/.f.ss, stivmftht tvitl s*ltfiiriti/. lie was ^l\>at 
ihrx>n'.:h stronii sonso ant) sonnd jiidi;inent." 

MiUSOn, Capt. John, founder of X.U., b. 
Kiii^-'s Lynn. Norfolk Co., Knj;. : d. Ix>nd. 
Dvv. lt>li. Buriid in Wostminster Ahliey, 
Lond. In 16IU he ha<l oIuu-kv of a naval 
cxpe-l. Si'Ut by King .lames to snUliie a n>- 
liellion in the" Hebrides ; in 1616 he went to 
Newfoundland as guv., aurveyed the i.sland, anil 
mud ■ an annirate map of it, whieh was pub. 
Lond. 16i'6. He also wrote a d«s>ription of 
Newfoundland, pub. I'.dinb. 1630. In 1617 he 
explorv'd theeoosi of X.K. ; Mar. 9, 162J. he ob- 
tainetl from ihe threat Couneil a tyrant of a trart 
of land on the ik'aooast betwi-en Xaiiiuk'-a;; and 
Merrimack Uivere, railed Mmmmi; Aug. 10, 



1692, jointly with Sir F. G»irK>-«, he pitx-unHl 
a patent for a tnut of land on the sea-uast, 
Intween the Merriiiuu'k and Sagadahoc Kivem, 
called the Truviiiee of Maiitr ; early in 1623 
he si'ni a rolonv to aettle on the w. 'l>anka of 
the PiiH.-ata>|ua ((ivvr. \\v U-^innin;: of the tint 
M'ttlement of that region. Treas. and (layin. 
of the kin^j^'g aniiien duriii); the war with S|>aiD 
in 1624-9. Nov. 7, 16J9, he took tiuni the 
council for N.E. a patent for a tract of land OD 
the wacoosl, lietwi^n the Merriinurk and the 
Piscataipia Kivers, railed .Wir //iiui/«Airr ; 
and Nov. 17, 1639, took with (ior^vv a |>atent 
for a Inu-t euibrariii^ Lake Champlain and 
the roiiuiry lher>al«mls, called htixiuiii ; in 
1630 he «•'■( additional colonists to the I'iscat- 
ai|ua ; and iu the anliimn of I6;il, Ma>on, 
(ior>,vs. and others tonneil a |>artiiership in 
Lond. Ii>r the piir|iost> of traile lUid Mttlement 
there; in 1633 he Inx-aine a inemU'r of the 
Cii«at Council for X.E., and soon alier vire-pnii. ; 
was all. ihis time app. rapt, of the South 8<.-a 
ea.stle, a lorlrv-s-sat thecnirsiire of I'ortsm. har- 
bor, En;;. : was juilp< of the courts in llanip 
6hir>' iu 1635; was a cutuiui»s. to visit annually 
all the forts and ca.siK-s in En^'. ; in Oct. he 
was ap|>. vire-oitm. of X.E., and, while prepar- 
in;; to ruine hither to a.ssuine tlie duties of his 
oliiee, fell sick and d. Mason's heirs soM their 
ri;:ht> 10 the pixivinre of X.ll. to Samuel AI.en 
ill 1691. Col. John Ti ktox SI.»»on, a lineal 
des<.vndant,solda!l his rights (39 .Ian. 1746) I'or 
.£1,500 to 13 p'nileiuen of I'ort^m. known as 
tho .\hi»miti» proftrirtvfs. — (.'. II'. futtr's Lift 
ofCtipt. John ilttson ittw in ftn futrutiuii. 

Milfion, Cai-t. John, s<ddier, l>. Enj;. nb. 
1600; d. Xonvieh, Ct.. 1673. He sorT>d in 
the Xetherlaiids under Fairfax, who ostivincd 
him so highly as to invite him by l.tter to join 
his standard iu the civil war. \la.son was one 
of the lir>t settlers of HurelR-ster in 16.".0, but 
rv'tnovi'd to Windsor al'. 16;!5. In May, 1637, 
he led n tbrce of 90 white's, and scvi ml hun- 
dred Indians, under I'licas and Miantonomoh, 
liijaiust the l'«|Uot fort at Mystic. Attackiu); 
tlK'ni in tho early momin;; of the 36th, they 
were surjiriscil: an entrance was cllected; a 
hanil-lo-hand conflict cnMied ; the torch w>.s ap- 
plie»l ; 600 luiliitiis |K'rislii'd ; and the str n:;th 
of this foriiiiilable lrit>o was broken. Mosou 
was soon after aiip. in;>j.-pn. of the Ct. forces, 
continuing: till Iils d ath; was a nia;.'isirate 
from 1643 till Mav. 1668, and dep. )^\. t'rom 
May, 1660. till May, 1670. After the re.|uot 
war he rcinove»l lo Saybrook, at the rei|U>«t of 
its (u>ttlers, and for the defence of iIh- Colony, 
whence, in 1 659. he removed to Norwich. Mason 
was tall and (lortly, upially lUstin^:. for cour- 
«j^' and vi^.'vir. At the rv<pie.~t of the lien. 
Court, he dn'W up ami publishixl a hi-tory of 
the Petpiot wiir, nprinle.1 iu In- rcii.s»- Mathor's 
Helation of Trouldes by the Indians, 1677; it 
WAS also repiib., with note* by I'riuee, in 1736, 
131UO. — .'vr I^ti: by (in). E.' LUi; la Sf*irkt't 
Amrr. liiaj., new 8<T. iii. 

Mason, JoH.v, UJ). (N.J. Coll. 17861, 
Prv~b. mini-ter, b. Scotland, 1 734 ; d. X.'V . 
A|>r. 19. 1793. At the a^e of 34 he Uu;;ht 
lo^ir and moral philos. in the iheol. sem. of 
the .Vntiliurchrrs al Abemcthy, bv whom h< 
was ordained; and took the {lasionil ehar^ of 



RLA.S 



GO." 



:nla.s 



a cono:. in Cedar St., Now York, on his arrival 
in 17CI. lie was a man of groat learning, and 
accurato and niaturp scholarship. 

Mason, John Mitchell, U.D. (U. of Pa. 
1804), ili.iiie, 1>. N'.Y. Citv, Mar. 19, 1770; d. 
there 1). o. 2G, 1829. Co'l. Coll. 1789. Son 
of the preceding, lie studi d at tlie U. of 
Edinburgh, but was recalled, on his fath -r'g 
death in 1792, to succeed him in tlie ministry. 
B_v" his efforts a theol. sem. was esfalilished in 
N.Y. in 1804, of which ho was app. prof, of 
theol. ; in 1806 he ]>rojectcd the Christian's 
Mii'jminc, m which he carried on a contro- 
very with Bi.shop Hobart. Resigning his pas- 
toral charge in 1810, with the purpose of 
forming a now cong., he preached a while in 
a I'resb. church-edifice, and, having established 
mor ■ intimate relations between the two congs. 
than were blieved by some to be authorized by 
the constitution of the Associate Ref. Church, 
the subject was brought before the synod at 
Phila. m 1811, and occasioned Dr. Mjson's 
" Plea lor .Sacramtntal Commuuion on Catholic 
PrineipKs." Provost of Col. Coll. in 1811-16; 
im))aire,l health caused him to visit Europe, 
where he travelled extensively; returning in 
1817, he was from 1821 to 1824 pros, of Dick. 
Coll.; in 1822 he connected himself with the 
Prc'sb. Church. He was celebrated for his 
eloquence. A collection of his works was 
edited by liis sou. Rev. E. Mason, 4 vols. 8vo, 
N.Y. 1832 and 1849. His oratious of the 
most gcn-ral intere.it were on the d-'ath of 
Washington and ol' Hiimilton. Memoirs, with 
some of his Correspondence, was pub. by his 
son-in-law, J. Van Vechten, D.D., 2 vols. 8vo, 
1856. 

Mason, John Y., LL.D. (U. of N. C), 
statesuiati, b. Greensville, Apr. 18, 1799; d. 
Pari-, Oct. 3, 18.59. U. of N.C. 1816. He 
adopted the i)rofession of law ; and was a dile- 
gate U) th_' General Assembly 10 years; jud,'e 
of the Dist. Court of Va. ; M. C. 1831 to 1837 ; 
in 1837 ho was app. judge of the U.S. Court for 
Va. ; delegate to the Const. Cunvs. of 1828 and 
1849 ; a in inber of Pr.-s. Tyler's cabinet as 
see. of the U.S. navy in 1844; of Pros. Polk's, 
first aa atty.-gon, and, seeondly, as sec. of the 
navy, 1846-9; and was app. by Pres. Pierce, 
Jan. 22, 1854, minister to France, in wliieh 
posi'ion h ■ ri mained nntil his death. 

Mason, .Josathan, lawyer and statesman, 
b. HosKm, Ang. .30, 1752; d. there Nov. 1, 
1831. X.J. Coll. 1774. Son of Dea.. Jonathan 
of the Old South Church. Studied law under 
John Adams, and became an atty. in 1777. He 
wa-^ oiiool'the witnesses of the Boston Massacre, 
and d livervl the oration Mar. 5, 1780. He 
became cmin nt as a counsellor; and member 
of the State legist.; in 1793 was of the gov- 
ernor's council ; was U.S. senator in 1800-3; 
and M.C. in 1817-20 ; in the senate he took a 
proaiinent nart in the discussions, and es- 
pecially in the celebrated debate on the repeal 
of the judiciary act of Fob. 13, 1801 ; he was a 
finn Foderali-t ; was disting. for great energy 
of char.icter, and dignity of manners. 

Mason, Lowell, Mus. Doc. (U. of N.Y. 
1855), nmsieal teacher and composer, b. Med- 
ficld, Ms., Jan. 8, 1792. He comm'nccd teach- 
ing very young ; removed to Savannah, Ga., in 



1812; and in 1821 pub. the "Boston Handel 
and Haydn CoUeotion of Church JIusie ; " ho 
removed to Boston in 1827 ; devoted himself to 
the nmsieal instruction of children, and the 
introduction of vocal music into the public 
schools; associating himself wih J. G. Webb, 
voeal music recvived a new and extraordinary 
impulse in Boston and throughout New Eng- 
land ; the Boston Acailemy of Music was 
established ; and " Teachers' Institutes," for 
the training of teachers and leaders of choirs, 
;vere generally established. His was the firet 
musical degree ever conferred by an Amor. 
coll. He has been a frequent contrib. to the 
Musicul Riview and ' other periodicals ; has 
pub. many juvenile collections of music and 
glee books, and 20 saered and church music 
books, with the assistance of Mr. Webb : these 
works contain some pieces of his own compo- 
sition. His sons, under the style of "JIason 
Brothers," carry on an extensive publishing- 
business ir y.\. City. 

Mason, Richakd B., brig.-gcn. U.S.A., 
b. Va. ; d. Jellorson Barracks, Mo., July 25, 
1850. Grandson of George Mason. Lieut. 
8th Inf. Sept. 2, 1817; capt. July, 1819; in 
Black Hawk's war, major 1st Dragoons Mar. 4, 
1833; lieut.-col. Juljr 4, 1836; col. Jime 30, 
1846; com. the forces in Cal., andfx offirio go\ ., 
1847-8 ; brev. brig.-gen. for meritorious con- 
duct in Mexican war, M.ay 30, 1848. 

Mason, Stevens Thomson, son of Thom- 
son Mason, ixitriot and senator, b. S;a(Tbrd, 
V.a., 1700; d. Phila. May 10, 1803. Wm.aud 
JIary Coll. At the age of 20 he had attained 
the rank of col. in the Revol. army, and served 
with distinction near the close of the war; he 
attained the rank of gen ; was a member of the 
Va. h. of burgesses ; was a conspicuous mem- 
ber of the convention of Va. in 1788; and was 
a U.S. senator from 1794 until his death. He. 
had great powers of oratory, wit, and sarcasm, 
anil was v<Ty popular. 

Mason, Stevens Thompson, a pioneer 
statesman of Mieh., o. Loudon Co., Va., 1311; 
d. N.Y. Jan. 4, 1843. Grandson of S. T.; only 
son of Gen. John T. JIa-on of Ky. Was 
app. when 1 9 years old see. of the newly-or- 
ganized Terr, of Mich., performing also the 
respon-ible duties of gov. m 1834-5, when t!ie 
Terr, became an independent State, and was 
adin. into th' Union. He was gov. in 1836-40. 

Mason, Thomson, jurist, younger bro. of 
George, b. 1730; d. 1785. He studied law iu 
the Temple at London ; settled in Loudon 
Co. ; was frequently a member of the h. of 
burgesses, and became an eminent jurist. In 
1774 he pub. a series of masterly papers, in 
which he maintained the duty of open resist- 
ance to the mother-country : the first of these 
papers was signed "A British Aineriean ; " 
the others appoarid nnder his own name. In 
1778 he w.is a member of the State Supreme 
Court ; and, with liis bro., was nominated by 
the senate to revise the hiws of Va. ; member 
of the legisl. in 1779 and 1783. 

Massasoit, a sachem of the Wampano- 
ag« ; il. iu the latter part of 1661, a. ab. 80. 
His domain extended from Cape Cod to Narra- 
ganset Bay ; but his tribe, supposed to have 
numbered 30,000, had, just before the landing 



MvV3 



606 



of the IMcriin'i. ilwiiullcil, frvmi ili-i-Hw. ii>barrlT 
30t>. Marv-h IG, 16SI. ho npiKtmnl WU>rv the 
inliint st'tiloinont a\ I'lynuuiiii, with 60 of his 
warriors, ariuiil Hi«l piiinti-d. iVir iho |»iriM>sc 
of formii)); a frii'inUy.lcmjiio wiih the whites. 
Got. Oarvvr, in iH'hulf of the I'oloiiv, runilmlttl 
with the In>liaii9> a Ineair of |H-iu-e. kt-pl m- 
creilly for 50 j-f«r». In .Vlitrch. lf>S.1, ho was 
Tisitrtl. while siok. t>y Kilwiml Wiiislow, ainl, 
(;r«li fill for his Attentions, rvrealcti a plot for 
the dostruoiion of the I'lvnioiiih settlers. Ho 
rcsiJiHl within the limits of Wurren. U.I.. near 
a spring whieh still U-tim Wi- n;itne. Ko;;er 
Williams, while on his way to IVoviilenco, was 
for soverrtl wevks his i;iiest at this plaiv. Mas- 
sasoil was jiist, hiiinniio. and hoiie>I. never 
hneakiii^ his wont, anil ixinstaiilly endeavoring 
lo iinl>ne his ptvplo with a low of |H'arc, 
Morton, in his " Memorial, " says he was "» 
jMjrtly man in his host vears, trave of connte- 
lianee. s|«\rvof s)ieoeh ' llissei-ond son Pom- 
eiaeoni. calleil hy the colonists Kini; Philip, 
who iillimaiely iKvame sacliem, in the vain en- 
deavor of puiiin:; a stop to iho enerxwchinenu 
ol the whiles, inau'jnrateil the hloodv eontesi 
known as I'nilip-s War. 

MuSSie, fiKS. NvTilANlEL, b. Goorhlnnd 
Co.. Va., Dvv. a.<, 176,^; d. R.int Trwk Kails, 
O., Nov. \l\. ISK"). Son of .Maj. Nathaniel, a 
farmer, llo eniervtl the Ivevol. army nt the ago 
of 17; alterwarvls stiiilie.l surveyini: ; rmi^'rai- 
oil to the \Vi->t in the fall of"l7S.1, loeating 
himself in Ky., hnt ri-moviM to Manchester, 
Ohio, in 1790, pni-snin^ the oocnpation of « 
snrveyor. In l79t>helaidonl Cliillicothe from 
his own land. He was actively cnp>gv<l in 
•he earlv Indian wars of the North-west; ho- 
came col. ami alierwarvis gvn. of the militia of 
O. ; was a di lejiate' to the convention for fram- 
ing a Siatc (Mnstiiution in l$0;i: then lo the 
senate, of which he was chosen speaker ; and 
was often a member of the loirisl. ; a candiduto 
for gv>v. of the Slate in IS07, ami di-elarvU 
ilnly elivirtl. hnt he immi-<liaiely rvsi^jniil 

SlOSSey, 1\T. Hon. KvRB.'Lord Clarina, 
a Urii. gen., b. Ireland. Mtiy 24, 1719; d. 
May 17, 1804, at B.itli. He onterwl yonng 
into tin; .service, and w;is woundisl at the' battle 
of Cnllixlen in 1745; was al the head of tho 
grvnadiers who slorrae*! and tot>k the Moro 
Onsile, Havana, where he was a^ain wound- 
cil; also at the tixking of Martinique. He 
«a.- one of the last of Wolfe's com|>aiiions at 
QnclKv; eapturod Fort Oswegacliie in -Vug. 
1 700 ; and was n brig.-i:»n. dnriiig the Ucvol. 
war, commanding; at Halifax, N S. ; made an 
Irish |icer l>ec 27, ISOO. 

Masterman, Stillmas. phvsieist, b. 

W.id. -Me, 28 Jan. Iji-tl ; d. lhei\' 19 July, 
l-if't. With hnia s^'anty eiliicaiion he applied 
all his lei»nn' lo iu\]nisiiions in n.iinral si-ienco 
while working on a farm. His " Obsi-rvations 
on Thnndcr ami I.i.-htning," in Smi;hsonian 
He^wrts lor l<.'i.^. give the fi-sults of ,tm obser- 
vations in IMO—l. 'Ho was an accurate and 
faithful olwerver. and ixintrih, nearly 20 (iai>er9 
to the Smith»oni in IJeiorts, the .\mer. Journal 
of Si'i. ner, and the .\sir»iiiiniic:>I Journal. 

Mather, Cotton. 1) 1>. (Glasg. 17101. 
K.IJ.S , the most iioteil of e:ilv N. Kng. 
divines; b. Boston, F..'b. 12, I6G3 ; d. theiv 



Feb. \3. 172S. Son of Incixase M .tlier. and 
gnindMin of John Cotton llo wa'< Iriiiiicil lur 
Harvard hy tho leanutl Kickiel Cluvver, and 
was a precociiMi" «tui.iii ■ i thmiing in 1678 
with e.\traor\liii i Kin|>loye<l 

several vnirs in i niii-iir of the 

North Ohnri'li in 1 .igiic with hit 

father, May 1.1, 1084, He c.uiied the doctrine 
of »p«"ial providence to cxo-m. A linn be- 
liever in witchcnilt, he entereil vigorously 
n|H)n the pcisecntionsof his day in N. Kng., in 
which he was chietly instrumental, honeslTv be- 
lieving he was doing Goil service by nlieb- 
hunting. His" Memorahle l'rovi.|ene»-» r^'lalins 
to Witeheratt "app. in 1689. 20cMvuiious took 
place at Salem in 1092. His " Wonders of 
the Invisible World " (1692) gives an aivunnt 
of the wiiclicrafi trials. Kven after the publi- 
cation of Holnrt Calefs replv. " More Wondcrt 
of the Invi-ihle Wo. Id " (U.nd. 17iH>), .Mather 
made no rvtruetion of his former judgineiils or 
convictions. In other ri-s|>ect», the iiieroor/ 
of Mather deserves to be held in esteem. 
When the new disi-overy of ino ulniion for 
the sinall-|>ox, which he was the lirst to in- 
truiluce, came up, Mather !et himself against 
the [lopular outcry, and on the side of re- 
form. The grvai Fninklin. in his AutobioK- 
raphy, acknowle»lges' his ol>li'.;ations to Dr. 
.Mather's " Essays to Do Good." He was one 
of tho first to employ the press extensively in 
the dissemination of tracts ; he early lifieil his 
voice in favor of temperance ; ho pr\-achol and 
wrote for sailors; he in^triictol m-irroes ; and ho 
was a devoiixl historiographer of his counlry ; 
iK'siiK-s discharging the s;icred duties of his 
prtitession. The catalogue of his printeti 
works, enumeniteil hy his sou Saniiiel at the 
close of his Memoiroi' his father. nuiul>ers 1SS, 
bearing date from 1686 to 1727. His great 
work IS the " .l/.e?»ii'i(i CSrixti Amrr.otin " 
(lA>nd. fol. 1702). The Sd Amer. eil.. with 
intnxl. and notes by Rev. Thos. Kohhins, D.D., 
and translations of the quotations by L. F. 
Hohinson. 2 vols. Svo, 18J.^, contains a .Me- 
moir of Mather bv S. 0. Drake, .\inoiig his 
other works are " Yho Clnistian Philiwopher," 
and " The Ps;ilterium Auicrieannui." 1718, nn 
attempt to i^npf^ve the c^rvless version of tho 
Psalms then currvnt. hy a translation cxaetlr 
coiit'iirmeil to the original, and written in blank 
verse ; " Life of Increase .Mather," 8vo, 1724 ; 
••.l/ir,iW»i /Vi," 1719; " A'ii(/o/'i«-./i/m.r,"and 
" Dinx'tioiis to a Candidate for the -Ministrv," 
I72i5. — />w,.-;ri.{ ; Allilouf. 

Mather, Ivcrkvse. D.D. (H U. 1692), a 
leainol di\iiie and author, b. Dorchester, Ms,, 
June 21. Hi.i9 ; d. Aug. 31, 172.1 H C. 1GJ6 ; 
Dublin U. I6.%8. Son of Kev. Uichar>l. He 
s|>ent some years iu Kng., a part ot the lime 
as a preacher, and. returning lo lioslon ab. 
Sept. 1, 1661, bc]:an lo pri-ach at the North 
Church, though not oiil there until May 27, 
U>l>4. He was pivs. of II L". from June 11, 
168.^, to Sept. 6. 1701. A inemh<.r of the syn- 
ivl of 1C79 and 1680, he divw up the result 
nhich was alople^l He was the first n|>on 
whom was eontertvil in this i-winirv tho di-grce 
of D D. ; Ik- sir\-niiously op|H>st>l tlie surrender 
of the charter of Ms. ; went to Eng. in Apr. 
1688. OS its aj^ut for redress ol grievances; 



MA.T 



GOT 



MAT 



nml returned to Boston, Mny 14, 1(!92, with a 
iiiw cliiincr, wlik'li gnve to Miilher the nomi- 
imtioii of tile Kov., lieiit.-(;ov., nml the conn- 
lil. lie was oiiu of the fi'W who op|)iinerl tlie 
violent nieusures toward those neeuscil of 
witcheraft in 1C)92, and wrote ii ireatiiit on the 
hcilijeet lie whs a man of ^M-eat in<lnstry, 
li'airiin;:. and nsrfulness. Ills wife was Maria, 
clau. of IJev. .John Cotton. Author of " The 
History of the War with the Indians," IG70 ; 
"A Rchiiion of Troulilcs of N.K. from the 
Indians," 1 077 (both repuh. with notes and 
introd. by .S. G. Drake) ; " Coini-Io^'niphia. or 
u Discourse eonecrnin^' Comets," ICS.'i ; " Ifc- 
inarkaiile I'rovldenees," 1084; ". 'Several IV 
pcro relating' lo the .Slate of N.K.," 1G30; 
'^Thc Revolution .Justilied." A list of 92 of his 
]iubs. is in the X. Iv II. and Ke;:. ii. pp. 2'!, 24. 

Mather, Mo»K», I). D. (\..j. Coii. i79i), 

eler,.'Vtrjan, a iliscendunt of Hiehard, b. Lyme, 
Cl., I'Vb. 2.-;, 1719; d. Daricn, C't., Sept. 21, 
1806. Y. C. 17.(9. 14. June, 1744, h(t was in- 
stalled oi'er the Conj;. church at Darien, Ct., 
where he remained till his death. He warmly 
espoused the cause of the Colonies in the 
Itevolutionary war; and was twice taken by 
the British and Tories, carried to New York, 
and eoiiMucd in the I'rovosi Prison. lie pub. 
a Reply to Dr. Bellauiy on the Half-way Cove- 
nant; " Infant Bjpiism Defended," 17.09; and 
was the author of a posihuuions work, " A 
Systematic View of Divinity," 12mo, 181.3. 

Mather, Ricii.\nD, minister of Dorches- 
ter, h. Lowion, Lancasb., Knc., I.'j96; d. Dor- 
chester, Ms., Apr. 22, 1CC9. Son of Thomas. 
Adin. a stu<lent at ().\ford In May, 1818, but 
soon after became the minister of Toxteth, 
until silenced lor non-conformity in I6'14. In 
May, lC:i.'), he left iiiii;. ; arrived at Boston 
Aug. 17 ; and was settled, Aug. 2-3, 16i6, over 
the church in Dorchester, where ho spent the 
remainder of bis life. He was prominent in 
every svnod in X. E. from his arrival until his 
death. ' In IG46 he assisted Eliot and Welde 
in making,' the N. E. version of the Psalms. 
His model of church-diseiplinc presented to 
the synod of 1G4S was ;;cnerally adopted. lie 
pub. in IG:i9 the Discourse about the Church 
Covenant, and ibc Answer to .12 Questions ; a 
treatise of .Justifiention, 16.52 ; and prepared for 
the press an elaborate defence of thechun hes of 
X. E. His son Natilvniel, minister in I/On- 
don, of eminent piety and learnin!;, b. Lan- 
cashire. Kng., 20 Mar. 16.30, d. London, 26 
Jnlv. IG97. H.U. 1647. — .See L!f<-aml iMiitli 
uf 'Ii. M., 1)1/ Inc. Malher, 4to, 1670 ; Jonrmil 
{ I'roiii mill. .I/.V. in ihf.iriirchiiics) in Colh. IJorch. 
A„iin. anil f/ihl. .Sur., No. .3. 

Mather, Samubi., divine, son of Richard, 
b. Lancashire, Eng., .May 13, 1G26 ; d. at Dub- 
lin, Oct, 29, 1G7I. H. U. 1643. He came 
with his father to N. E. ; was a fellow of Ilarv. 
Coll. ; was some time assist, to Rev. Mr. Ro;;- 
crs in Rowley ; and was pa«tor of the Xortli 
Church, Boston. Ifi49. Returning to Eng. in 
\(if)i), lie was app. chaplain of Magdalen Coll., 
Oxford ; pnaelied in Scotland and Irehin.l ; 
went lo Dublin in 10.').'); and was senior fel- 
low uf Tiinlty Coll., Dublin, and minister of 
the Chure.'i of St. Nicholas. Soon after the 
Restoration, he was suspended on a charjje of 



sedition ; ho was then minister at Barton 
Wood until ejected in 1GG2; he afterward 
({Htheied a church at his own hou.se in Dublin, 
and was sncceedeil by his bro. Nathaniel. Ho 
held the first rank as a preacher. He pub. ser- 
mons and tracts ; " Old-Testament Types Ex- 
plained and Improved," 4to, London, 1G7.3; 
" Life of Nathaniel Mather; " with several ser- 
nionn, 1689. 

Mather, Samuki,, D.D. (H.U. 177.3), min- 
istiT in Boston, son of Rev. Cotton, b. (Jet. .30, 
17()G; d. .June 27, 178.5. II. U. 1723. Ord. 
colleague with Mr. Gee, .June 21, 1732 ; dism. 
Oct. 2.3. 1741. A church was built for him in 
Bennet St. by those who withdrew with him 
from the Old North, of which he was pastor 
till his death. He pub. a "Life of Cotton 
Mather," 8vo, 1 729 ; "Essay on Gratitude," 
17.32; "An Apologv for the Liberties of the 
Churches in N. E.,'' 8vo, 17.38; "America 
Known to the Ancients," 1773; "The .Sacied 
.Minister," a poem in blank verse, 1773; and 
occasional sermons. 

Mather, William Williams, LL.D. 
(B.U. 18.-).')), geologist, b. Brooklyn, Ct., May 
24, 1804; d. Columbus, O., P"eb. 27, 18.')9. 
West Point, 1828. Assist, prof, of chemistry 
and mineralogy from 1829 to 183.'); 1st lieut. 
Dec. 1834; and resigned 31 Aug. 1836; prof, 
of chemistry of the La. U. 1836 ; geologist of 
South-«astern N. Y. 1836-1844; State geolo- 
gist of O. 1837-40, and of Ky. 1838-9; prof, 
of natural science of the U. of <J. 1812-5; and in 
1847-50 vice-ijres. and acting prcs. of the same. 
He is said to nave had the largest and best col- 
lection of minerals, and every descri|)tion of 
geological specimens, in the West. Author of 
" Elements of Geology," 18.33 ; with others, 
" Report of the Geol, Surv. of f)hio," 6vo, 
1838; "fjeol. of N.Y." 1843; also of the 
Slates of Ms., Ct., Pa., Ky., Mich., and West- 
ern Territories ; and of numerous scientific 
papers. Eiliior of l('('8<<?rn Af/rioil'un'iit 1 851-2 ; 
member of many seient., hist., and lit. associa- 
tions. 

MatheW, Edward, a British gen., b, 1729; 
d. Dec. 26, lHf)5, at Clanville Lodge, Hams, 
England. Ensign in the Coldstream Guards 
in 1746; capt. and lieut.-col. 1762; col. March 
20, 1775; and March 28 aide-de-camp to the 
king. He came to America in 1776 in com. 
of a brigade of the Guards, with the rank 
of brig. -gen. ; took part in the capture of 
Fort Washington, Nov. 1776; in May, 1779, 
com. the party sent to destroy Gosport, Va. ; 
and after his return aecomp. Clinton up the 
Iluilson when Verpluneks and .Stony Points 
were captured. In Feb. 1779 he was app. 
inaj.-gen. ; became col. of the 62d Regt. the 
same year ; and was stationed at or near N.Y. 
in 1780. in which year he returneil home He 
was apt), com.-in-ehicf of the forces in the W. 
Inrlies in Nov. 1782; in 1783 was gov.-gcn. of 
Granada ami ihe southern Caribbee Islands; 
and in 1797 became a general. 

Mathews, ConsELiL-B, author and joor- 
nalliit. b. Port Chester, N. Y., Oct. 28, 1817. 
U. of N.Y. 1835. Adm. to the bar in 1837. In 
1836 he commenced writing in prose and verse 
for tho Ama: MontlJi/ Miii/., the A^ Y. /tevlno^ 
the Knidccfbocker Mug., and other periodicals. 



MAT 



608 



\LA.T 



H • pub. " Bilumoth " in 1839; "The Politi- 
ci«n*," a comiHly, 1840; " The Careor of I'uU'ct 
Ui>|>kin<," 1841 ; "Pot'ins on Man in t!io Hr- 
piiMi.-," 1843; " Bi;; AUI and Little Munhat- 
tjin," 1845; " Witcluralt," a iraj;i-<iv, 1»46; 
"Jiicoh L/Ulcr," a plar proilui' d in Pliila. 
1848 ; "Monv Pinnv, or the H-art of the 
World," 1850'; "Chaiilicleer, a Thanks;:ivin(; 
Story of the P.aliody Fiunily ; " " Pen-and-ink 
Panorama of N. Y.' City," 'lS53 ; " False Pn- 
tenees," a coinwly , 1 856, &<•. Ue was .-oine time 
ft.-'soeinte etiitor of .1 rrtiinis, a luonihly niaf,'a- 
zine ; lioii sinee cditi-d various journals, nnd 
contrih. lar;;ely to the IJtrrnry U'uHil and oth- 
er periodieaU ; and has Innn an active advo- 
cate of iniematioual eopyriuht. Ilia \vritin;.'S, 
which ar.' characterized by ori|,'inality, were 
pull, in X.V. 8vo, 1843. 

Matthews, r.F.onoE, soldier and .«tate»- 
nian, b. Aug. Co., Va., 1739; d. Augusta, 
Ga., Au;r. 30, 1812. lie led a vol. coiniiany 
ai;ain>t tlu- Indians at the a^e of 22, ana dis- 
tiu),'. liiiuself greatlv at the battle of Point 
Pleasant, Oct. 10, 1774. Col. 9th Va. regt. in 
the Kevol., h.' was engaged at Brandywine and 
at G.Tuiantown, where he was made prisoner, 
though not until he had received 9 bayonet 
wounds. Confined on lionrd a prison-ship iu 
N. Y. harlior, he was not cxchangid until Djc 
5, 1781, when he joined Gix\na's anny as com. 
of the 3d Va. Regt. In 1785 he rvraovcd with 
his family to a tract of land which he had pnr- 
ch-w- d on Bnjad River, Ogletlior|K; Co., Ga. 
or this Stite he w.is gov. in 1780 and 1793-6; 
AI.C. 1789-91 ; afterward brig-gen. Ga. uiili- 
lia, he was authorizeil by the prcs., Jan. 26, 
181 1, to t.ike po-.si»sioii oi' W. Florida, and, in 
certain coiitingeueics, of E. Florida, and ea]>- 
tur il Amelia Island. 

Mathows, George, jurist, b. near Staun- 
ton, Va., !> |)t. 21, 1774; d. near Bayou Sara, 
La., Nov. 14, 1836. Sou of the preceding. 
Studied law at Lil^rty Hall Acad., Va., and 
was in 1799 adui. to the Imrof Ga. App. in 
1 80."i bv JeBerson a judge of the Superior Court 
of M]ii. Terr., and in ISOC of the Superior 
Co rt in the Terr, of Orleans; he was, on the 
organization of the State judiciary of La., app. 

Ens. justice of the Supreme Court, wliich post 
e hi I till his de.ath. 

Matthews, John, gov. of S.C. 1782-3, 
and one of the mo^t active and influential pro- 
not' rs of the Revol. in that Stale ; d. Charles- 
ton, Nov. 1802, a. 58. Hi' was the first speaker 
of the hous.' of reprcsentalivi'S after ihe disso- 
lution of the royal govt, in 1 776, and was app. 
that year an associate justice of the Supreme 
Court. In 1778-82 he was a delegate to Con- 
gress ; nnd was one of the com. to visit the ai^ 
mv ; and also a inemb'r of the com. to confer 
with the P.i. line, which had mutinied. In 
1784, on the establishment of the Court of 
£qui:y, he was app. one of the judge's. 

Mdtlack, Col. Timothy, Uevol. patriot, 
b. Iladdonlicld, X. J.. 17.30: d. near llolmes- 
burg. Pa., Apr. 15, 1829. One of the Society 
of Free Quaketn, or, as thi-y wen' iisiinlly 
called. Fighting Quakers. He wi\s nmon- the 
most active spirits of the time ; was one of the 
gen. com. of safety ; and, ns col. of a P.i. bat- 
t'llion, did good service; member Old Con- 



gress 1780-1. He was many years "innstir of 
the rolls ; " n->ided at Laiica»ter a long time ; 
and WHS aftirwanl |iroihi)iiiiiary of one of the 
Phila. courts. He lived lo be 99, and n.taincd 
his fni'iiliies in a r. murkaMe degr e. — .<im/i»i»i. 

Mattacks, John, gov. of Vt. kiJS-l, U 
Ilartl'ird, ft., 4 Mar. 1777; d. Peacham, Vl., 
14 Aug. 1847. His father, who was state treas. 
of Vt. 1786-1801, settled in Tinmoiilh aliout 
1778. John heg:in to practise law at Uaiivi'ie 
in 1797, but in 1798 n'liioved to Peacham, i...J 
praetisi-d there siiccnwfuily miiiiy ycar^. Sev- 
eral vears in thcl.gisl. ; brig.-gv'n.of niilitiiiio 
the w.ar of 1812-15; M.C. ls21-5and 1841-3; 
judge of the Sup. Court in 1833-4 ; and mem- 
ber Const. Conv. of 1835. 

MatteSOn, Tomi-kiss, artist, b. Peterbor- 
ough, N.V., May 9, 1813. lie learned the rudi- 
lUeiits ot his art Irom an Indian Liiuou^ for liia 
carvings and drawings, .\lter m:.uy iliscour- 
ngenicnus, he in 1839-42 painted |>orlrails Id 
Western NY. wiih success. He aci|iiirid 
celebrity by his " S| irit ot '76." Settled in 
New York in 1842, and in 1850 pnrcliascrl a 
home at Sherburne, X.Y. A iiong hi- pictures 
are " The Burning of Schenccnuly," " First 
Sabluiih of the I'ilgrims," " Signing the Com- 
pact on Board the MajHuwer," " Kiiot 
pri'acbiug to the Indians," " First Prayer in 
Congress," " A Jusiiix-'s Conn," " Kip Van 
Winkle's Return from the Mouutniiis." ic. 
lie became pres. of the Chenango .\gric. Soc. 
in IH.*!.'), and member of the State b-gislnturc. 

-y•,.^, .„,„„. 

Matthias, a rvligious impostor, whose ral 
naiuewius RoBEBT Matthews, b. WasliingioQ 
Co., X.Y'., alout 1790; d. in Arh. lie kept a 
country slori. but faihd in 181C, and wan to 
N Y'. City. In 1827 he nniovid to Alluinv, 
where he liecame much excited by the iiri'acli- 
ing of Messrs. Kirk and Finney. ' Ue bec;.me 
active in the temperance cause; clainii'il to have 
received a n-velation, and l» gun »tp'et-pr\ ach- 
ing. Failing to convert Albany, he pi-o| he»iid 
its destruction, nnd fled .seeretiV to the i ity of 
N.Y., where he was tri.d and acqiiittid on a 
cli 'rgc of poisoning a wealthy disci; Ic, iu whoso 
family he livitl ; and, his inipo iiiuns liaviii;j 
been exposed, he soon dLsaiip.antl from public 
view. — MiiUhias ami h s liHi'utluris, liu 11'. L. 
5Mn^N.Y'. 1835. 

Mattison, H. B., artist and playwright ; d. 
Bergen, X. J., 2S IVL. 1871. 

Mattison, Hiram, D.D., Metli. clergvmf n 
anri author, b. Oswego, X.Y.. 18! 1 ; d. J- rscv 
City, Nov. 24, 1868. Many ye.its a prof, of 
math, nnd ]diysii-8 in the Blixd -river Inst. 
Hi' pnparid an elementary text-book on a-tttm- 
oiiiy, nnd revised Burriti's " Giogr.phy of the 
Heavens." In 1850 he became a iniiiisier in 
N.Y'. City, nnd acontrib. to the Xnliomil Miuj., 
in which he xealously altaeki'd Spiritualism. 
Hia strong antislaverr sentiments led him to 
sejMirnte himself from the church in 1860; and 
he hid a large chnnh holding his o« ii view s 
in Sixth Avenue, caUcd the Triaitv Meih. Ch. 
In 1865-7 hcpn-.adicd in Jersey Ci'ty ; in 1867 
he In-canic si'c. of the Anr r. and Kur i^'U C! rist. 
Union. While holding tliL-i |Hisition, he made 
a most forcible onslaught ut«n Roman Cathol- 
icism, and pub. a small vol. u]ion the case of 



]MLA.X 



609 



M.iriannc Smith, a Methodist, wliose father, a 
liuin.m Catliolif, h.;(l caused her arrest und do- 
t''nlion in a Magdalen asylum in N.Y. A^sso- 
ciare idi.or of the Xort/iern /lukjicmlint. Au- 
burn, X.Y. Author of " Essay on the Trini- 
ty," &c. ; "Modern Nceromancv, or Pretended 
Ijitercourse with the Divd," 12uio, 1855. 

MattOOn, Ebenezur, Uevol. oUicir, b. 
Ainlurst, Ms., Au^'. 19, 17j5 ; d. there Sept. 
11,1843. Dartm. Coil. 1776. The son of a 
farmer, lie joined the army in Canada ; was a 
lieut. in an art. conip. at the battle of Bemis 
Ileishts, Oct. 7, 1777 ; left the service with the 
rank of major. He was a delegate from Am- 
herst to 2 conventions ; was several times a 
member of the le;;i,-l. From 1797 to 1816, 
maj.-gen. 4th diWsion ; adj.-gcn. of the State 
1816; State senator 1795-6 ; 20 vears sherilf 
of Hampshire; M.C. lSOl-3 ; and in 18iO, al- 
though blind, was a member of the State Const. 
Conv. lie commanded the A. and H. Art. 
Company in 1817. Glen. M. was a .scientific 
andjir.ictlcal tarnier. 

Malurin, Edwaud, novelist and poet, .son 
of the ceUlirat.d Iri^h novoiisi and dramatist, 
Chai'les IJobcrt Maturin ; iiaa been some years 
a resident of New York. Ho has ptib. " ilon- 
tezuma, the last of th - A:;tcc3 ; " " Benjamin, 
the Jew of Granada ; " " Eva, or the Isles of 
Life and Death," 1848 ; " Lyrics of Spain and 
Erin," 1850; " Bianca," a passionate story of 
Italian and I-ish incidents, 1853; " Melmoth, 
the Wanderer;" "Sejanus, and other Roman 
Taks." — fJuuclcincL. 

Maude, •loux, of Moor House, Yorkshire. 
Author of " Visit to the Fads of Niagara in 
ISOO, and Tour through Canada," 1826; also 
" Wens'.eydole," a descriptive poemwiih notes. 

Mauduit, IsI!.\el, a politieal writer, b. 
E.\ ter, Eug., 170S; d. June 16, 1787. His 
faihcr, a dissenting minister, educated him for 
the same career ; but lie became a prosperous 
merchant, and partner of Ids bro. Jasper in 
Lond. In 1 760 he pub. a pamphlet, entitled 
" Considerations on the Present German War." 
While his bro. .Jasper was agent for the Prov. 
of ]Ms. Bay (1763-4), he managed the bu.si- 
ncss of the agency. In 1 765 he w as app. to 
the customs at Southampton. He pub. in 
1769 his "Short View of the History of the 
N.E. Colonies," and " Short View of the Hist. 
of Ms. Bay," Svo, 1774 (2d ed.); " The Case 
of the Dissenting Ministers," 1774; and suhsc- 
qncnily wrote several able pamphicts in refer- 
ence to the Am.rican war, in which he treated 
with particular severity Viscount and Sir W. 
Uov.- . 

Maudtlit Duplessis, Thomas Antoixe, 
Chi V. de, a disting. Freneh soldier, b. Hennc- 
bon, Fr.ince, Sept. 12, 175.1; d. St. Domingo, 
ilar. 4, 1791. Descended from a fami.y noble, 
and disiing. in arms. At the age of 12 he ran 
away from college to visit the fields of Mara- 
tJjon, Thennopylx, &c. On returning to his 
parents, he presented, in excuse lor his conduct, 
the plans, drawn by his own hand, of the most 
famous places w hicli he had visited. In 1779 he 
was capt. in the art. regt. of Toul. He scned in 
America, attaining, by his talents and courage, 
marks ot particular con>:ideration. As vol. 
aide to Gen. Knox, and as engineer and oflicer 



of art., he was of great seniee both in cons tnict- 
ing and defending Fort Mercer at Red Bank. 
He disidayed great braverj- at the battks of 
Brandywine and Gcrmantown ; made li-uf.- 
col. Nov. 20, 1777; at Monmouth he sentd 
the ail. of Greene's division with skill and 
success, and was disiing. at Yorktown. Alter 
his return to France, he became, in 1787, col. 
of the regt. of Port-an-Prinee, which was sta- 
tioned at St. Domingo ; where the brave Mau- 
duit, inflexible in his oppoMtion to the rcvol. 
spirit which began to mainfest itself in their 
midst, finally fell a sacrifice to tluir lury. 

Maurepas{m6r'-pa'),jEAsFiiED.PnF,LY- 
PEAi X, Count de, French statesman, b. Ver- 
sailles, 1701 ; d. Nov. 1781. Grandson of the 
Chancellor Pontchartrain. He became minis- 
ter of marine in 1725; app. mini.-ter of state 
in 1738; and removed in 1749 for an epigram 
on Jlme. Pompadour. Recalled in 1774, and 
made pres. of the council, he restored the ex- 
iled ])arlianients ; cidled Turgot and Nccker 
successively into the ministry ; and was instnt- 
menlai in bringing about the treaty of alliance 
with the U.S. in 1778. 

Maury, Ass, dan. of .Tames (U.S. consul 
at Liverpool 1789-1837), b. Liverpool, Eng., 
1803. A descendant of Rev. James Fontaine, 
whose Autobiogra])hy, with an account of his 
descendants, under the title of "Memoirs of a 
Hugmnot Family," she pub. N.Y'. 1854, 12mo. 

Maury, Dabsey H., gen. Confed. s ■ nice, 
b. \'a. ab. 1824. West Point, 1846. Enter- 
ing the Mounted Rifles, he was brev. for Cciro 
Gordo, where he was scvcr;ily wounded 18 Apr. 
1847; assist, prof, geog., hist., and ethics, 
at West Point, 1847-50, and of inf. tactics 
1850-2; asfist. adj.-gcn. (brev. capt.) 17 Apr. 
1860; dism. the army 25 June, 1861. Joining 
the eonieds., he attained the rank of maj.-gen., 
and com. the defences of Mobile, whicli place 
was captm-ed by Gen. Canby 10 Ajr. 1865. 
Author of " Skirmish Drill for Mouuted 
Troops," 1859. 

Maury, Matthew Fostaixe, LL.D., 
naval uttieerand hvdioijrapber, b. Spottsvlvaiiia 
Co., Va.,J»n. 14,1806. While be was young, 
Ids [larcnts removed to Tcnn. Midohiiim. F li. 
1 , 1 825 ; and, w hiie cireumnavigating the globe 
in " 'J"he Vincennes," began his treatise on 
"Navigation." Lieut. June 10. 1836. 1111839 
he met with an accident, w hieli resulted in per- 
manent lameness, and unfitted him lor active 
Si rvicc afloat. While confined from ibis cause, 
he amused iiimself by wiiiing a series of ai- 
tides on various abuses in theimvy, pub. in the 
Hoiilh. Lit. Mrxsenirer, entitled " Si raps bou 
the Lucky Bag, by Harry Blutf." He was then 
placed ill charge of the liydiograpliieal oflic'; 
and, on its union with the naval observatory in 
1844, he became superintendent. He iuves- 
tigftied the jihysical geng. ol the sea, and gath- 
eied many observations of the ocean winds and 
currents iroui the records of naval and merchant 
vessels. In 1844 Lieut. Maury's paper icspiet- 
ing the GuK Stream, ocean-eunents, and :;ie:it 
circle sailing, was read before the Naliomil In- 
stitute, and printed in the South. Lit. Mrssini/er. 
The principal results of bis researches are cm- 
bodied in the wind and current charts and the 
sailing-directions pub. by the observatory for 



MATT 



010 



MAX 



pinor.il (li>lri)>uiion ninuni; innrinprs, ami in 
•• rii>>U-iilGi'o;;m|iliy ollln-S.n " (N Y. I(i:>:i|. 
I:i 1853 lie wii!t iniiilo mininiinilcr, niul in 1861 
lliivw np liisi ii|>|<iiinlint'ni>, iiml juiiiol in the 
IMxIlion. Hos. ihc g ix'.v uf tin- V. vf Alu. in 
1371. Minilior ol llie priiicipnl sciintilie iis- 
e<iviuti<>ii> (if Ann ricii uml Kuropc ; Ironi whom, 
«s wi'li II* t'rum fon'i;;n (•ovts., ho hns rvcciviul 
ilislini; honora. lU' hus, bi-siilc iho nbovo, pnh. 
" Liturs un iho Aniiizun, iiiiil llic Ailnniiv 
S'opi's of S. I'l iniTii-a ; " " Hilulion iM-twccn 
N.ivipniion ami liic Ciix-uliiiion of the Almoa- 
phcri' ; " " Asitxiniiniiciit Oliwrvmions," 18M ; 
iiml nl>o ^evelul uil>lri-^>('!i licforc lil. niiil Mien- 
■ill- l.,.,li.-». 

Maury, Sakaii Mvtton, dan. of JnnKS, 
b. I.lvi r|KX)l ; d. Vi\. 1S48. 8h<' possi-B-d mrc 
!;;!' nts and iTmnrkiiMo lonvoisntioiial |'o\v<ts, 
Aiitluir of " Stiitosnu'n of AnuTica in 1S4G." 
l.oncl. 8vo, 184"; " Projrrfss of the (.'n'holic 
Cliiirc'i i'l Auu'rifa," 1847; "An Knjtlisliwo- 
iiiiin in Amorica," 8vo, 1848. — AllHimir. 

Maverick, Samtkl, an carlv srttlcr of 
Ms., I'. r.iiK. nil. lf>02; d. N. Y.^hIkt II5I17. 
Son ol l!cv. .John of Dorehcsur. lie M-itled 
ii^' cnrlr n.s I6°J9 at Noildlu's Islnml (now Knst 
Bo>toii'). of which he received a ;;ianl from ihc 
Gen. C'omt, Apr. 1, 16.13 He wa-. a r.ealouii 
Kpi^copalian. and. having; Miftired niiieh pei^ 
Bciution on ihia aiioiint. went to l.n^. to eoin- 
iilain to the kin^; and Apr. 2.'1. IfilU.wni' app. 
liv Charles I. one id the lour eonitni<sioner» 
lor the settlimenl ol dilticiiltii.'s with the N.E. 
("oliinie.-, and also to " ri'dnec the Dulih at 
the Manhiido' s." The coniinissioners werv un- 
eiunssliil in Ms : ami Maverick, ah. 1665, took 
Dp his almile in N.Y. — S.miiirr's Jui.^l llostoii 

Moxoy, Jonathan, D. H. (II. U. 18tll), 
nn eloipKiil rlercvman. h. .Vllleboronyh, Ms,, 
Sert 2,1768; d, Colnniliia. S.C, Jitue 4, 1820. 
BU. 1787. Tntor then- 1787-91. Onl. pastor 
of the Kii-st llaptisi Chunh in Providence, 
Sept. 8, 17111 ; and in the same vear he was 
elected prof, of divinity in n.U., and in Sept. 
17V2 he was app. prcs.' I'nderhiin the colleirc 
ai'ipiiivd II hiiih leputHtioii for licllc'-leitres 
uml doiincnee. In 1802 lie aceepled the pn.-- 
ideiicy of Un. Coll, Schencctadv ; in 1804 
he accepted the pn'sideney ol Col. Coll.. S C, 
wherv he continued until hia death. Ho m. a 
dan. of Com. Hopkins of I'rovidence. Ilr. 
Maxcv was well versed in philolo;;v, criticism, 
tnetaphvsies, lo^ie, politics, morals, and philos- 
ophy. Uo puh. 15 .sermons, 5 baccalaun-ato 
addivsses, 3 orations, and nn introductory lec- 
ture to a course on the philos. piineiplc" of 
rhetoric and criticism. fho most eelchraled 
of his pnlis. was his sermons on the K.Nistenre 
of Uod, which passed ihrouj^h many editions. 
His wriliii);s were collected and pnb. «iOi a 
M.moir by Kev. Komeo Elton, P.I).,8vo, 1844, 

Maxcy, VmotL. lawyer and politician, 
hro. of liie preceiliii|;, h, AtllelMiron):li, Ms ; 
ki. ed, Feb. 28. 1814, on Ixmnl the U.S. steamer 
" rriiiivtoM." by the explosion of one of her 
pnns. ' He studied Ian- with l{. (■. Harper of 
Md., and settled in that State, where he si>on 
became eminent in the prole. sion. He diviins. 
1iinis<'ll ill luiih hnnses of the Slate le;;isl,, as 
tolieiii'r of the U. S treasury, and a* rhanif 
4tajjiiin$ to Belgium. Me pub, " Compilation 



of the Lmws of Md. from 169210 1809." 4 vo'i. 
8vii. 1809, "Oration befoie the i'hi Beta 
Kiiiipa S.H-iely." I8.1.1. 

Maximilian, Kkriunand Jo^ei-ii, arch- 
duke ol Au-tria, and em|>i-nir of Mexico, h. 
Schonbrun. duly 6. I^'I2; slinl at Qiiereinro 
19 .Iniie, 1867. He was cdneateil at Vienna: 
s rveil in the Austrian navy; was vieeruv of 
Loniltanly and Venire in 1857-9 ; and in AliK- 
186.1 was otVervd the crown of MiNiro by 
Nii|Kileon III, which ho acopled Apr. 1(1, 
1864, and landed at Vein Cni< 28 May. Alter 
3 years of war, and the withdrawal of ilio 
Frrneli foires, which hid assi>lid to pljiep liini 
in power, he w.is d< lealeil, and eapmred at 
Qnert-inio. May 15, 1867. He hhs ,lioi in re- 
taliation for his order, ileelariii); the republican 
pres. Juan x, and hi* siipporiem, h.indiis and 
outlaws. .Iiilv 27, 1859, he m. Maria Carloiia, 
dun. of I.eMM.'M I., kiti'.; of the llel-ians. 

Maxwell, t'oi. lit i.u, Uevol. ,.fli.-.r, I. 
Ireland, Apr. 27, 17.')'l ; d on the r>.'tarn tovnti 
fnini the W. Indie-. (I. i. 14. 1799. U\- hiilier. 
also named Hu:;li emi-inteil toN. Kn^.in \'m. 
Col. .M. «ervwl 5 Ciinipai:;!!-. in the old Krenrh 
wars ; was tak< n ni l-'ort Kilwanl, and barely 
c.-caiH'd with l.i^ lile. In 1773 he temovid to 
Charlemont. now Hinlh. M<. A bent, at 
Bunker's Hill, and \\..niided linn-; iniij. in 
Bailey's reyl.dnly, '77, and ni the baiileol Sar- 
atopi ; nnd was n li' lu.-eol. ni the close of the 
war. His briiiher. ri|i>Mi»)oN Maxwli.i., b. 
Bcdfnnl. Ms., 1 74 J. d. I8.'l.'>. He was a l(iiii;:er 
in the French war. 17:.8-63; assisted in de- 
■ilruxin;; the lea in llosiun hai'>or in 177:1; 
fou);ht ul Bunker's Hill nnil Tlitx-v b'ivent; 
was a nieniiierol the Sime l'..n»i. ('one ; re- 
moved to Miami Co.. (> , in I80U; seiveil under 
Col. Miller in 1812; was a pii-.nier dnnn;: the 
war of 18IS-I5, and in 1814 ilepniy barinck- 
master. 

Maxwell, Whliam, liii-,;.-i;en. Kevol. 
army, b. N. Jersey ; d. Nov. 12, 1798. App. 
col.i.f the 2d N.'j. halt. Not. 7, 1775, with 
wbii h he served in the di-nstrous campai::n of 
1776 in Ciinada ; and I.e was otic ol the ro- 
monsiranis a::.iinst ilii- lUvision of ilie eoiineil 
of ollieeis, he d .li:l\ 7 in iliat your, to nlu\iidon 
Crown Point It nii ears I v hi- memoiial to 
Coiigri'-s, Au'.'. 28, 1776. be Iii:d U-in in "con- 
sinni service in the army Hllecn \ears, since the 
epriu;; of 1758 ; had served his country to tho 
utmost of his power, and hojtcs niih some 
pood effect, which he can mnke ap|X'.ir if re- 
quisite ; notwitli-tanilinphc liiids bini-t if muih 
nu'pricved by havinp a younger ofiii er, St. 
Clair, promoted over him " Congress a; p. 
him hii;:.-).'t'n. (let. 2.'l, 1776 Ho cnm. ili ■ 
X.J. brigade at Brandywine and (lermaiitowo ; 
h.irassed the enemy on their n-iival ibio'^h 
N.J. alter the evaeuaiinn of Phihi. ; sustained 
an impoitant jinrt in the luttile of Monmouib ; 
nnd in Ani;. 1779 was in .Snliivan's 'eX|H'd. 
ni;Miii-t the Indians Soon alter the n tion at 
Spiin-lield. June 22. 1780, he resi.ued 

Mr.XWell, ^VlL^IAM, Ll..l>.. pres. lUinp. 
Sid Coll, ls;)8-44. b Norfolk. Va., leb. 27, 
1784; d. Kicliuiond. Va., Jan. 9, 18.->7. V.C. 
I8l>2. He studied law; praeli.-ed in Norfolk, Va., 
and nitidued prcni eminence ; nctetl as literary 
editor of ike S. Y. Jounial of C owiueitv in 1 827 . 



1VLA.Y 



Gil 



IHJVY 



resumed practice in 1828; was a member of 
the Va. h. of iJelc^'ates in 1830, and of the 
biatc sctiiite 1831-7 ; sec. of the Hi-t. Society 
ir Va. ; and eililed tlie V«. llialmiral Uirjitter 
in that Sialc ill 1848-5.3, 6 vols, in .1, 12tno. 
Auilior of Mfincir o( I{ev. John H. Kicc, 
U.U.. liino, I'hiln. 18-3.5. 

May, FnEDF.nicK, M.D. (II.U. 1811), 
|,hv>irian, t.. Boston, Mh., Nov. 16, 1773; d. 
\V«-hiM(,'Ioii, Jan. 23, 1847. H.U. 1792. Eld- 
est win of Col. John, a dislin;;. merchant 
of Boston, and one ol the " Indian!* " who 
threw the tea into the harhnr. lie stud- 
ied medicine unfjer Dr. John Warren ; re- 
moved to Washington, I>.C., in 179.T ; and was 
the |)h>!jician and surccon of Washin^'ion, as 
well as of the other distin;;. men of the vicinity. 
I'lof. of obstetric* in Col. Coll. from 1823 lo 
I S39 ; and wa- at the lime of his death pres. of 
the 1> C. .Med. Society, as well a.« of the .Med. A.s- 
soiJHiion of Washin^'ion. Father of IIk-nkt, 
.M.C. of Baliimorc IKS'i-.'), and Col. Ciiahlks 
A., a dining, cavalry-offiicr in the Mexican 
war (h. 1818, d. N.Y. City 24 Dec. 1864). 

May, Riiv. Samuel Joseph, philanthro- 
ni-t. b. Bo>ton, Sept. 15. 1797 ; d. Syracuse, 
N.Y., July 1,1871. II U. 1817. After picachinij 
some years as a Unitarian minister at Brook- 
lyn, ("t., he l>ecame (;cn. agent of the Ms. Anti- 
slavery Society ; *as afterward pastor in So. 
Scituatc, M*. ; was principal of the Lexington 
Normal School in 1842-.5; and settled in the 
Unit, ministry at Syracuse in 1845, remaining 
until 18IJ8. He devoted his energies especially to 
the aniislavery cause for many years ; having 
been one of the first members of the N.E. Soc. 
in 1832, and a member of the Phila. conv. of 
18-33, which formed the Amcr. Antislavery 
Soc. Aii'horof " Recollections of our Anti- 
slavery Conflict," 1869. 

Mayer, Brantz, lawyer and author, b. 
Baliiinore, Sept- 27, 1809." Educated at St. 
Mary's Coll., Baltimore. He visited Java, 
Sumatra, and China, returning in 1828; and 
praitis<.il law from 1832 lo 1841, when he was 
app. sec. of legation U) Mexico, remaining one 
year. He has since edited the Baiti mori: Amer- 
ican ; in 1844 pub. " Mexico as it Was and as 
it Is ; " " Mexico, Aztec, Spanish, and Republi- 
can," 2 vols. 8vo, 1851; "Captain Canot, or 
20 Years of an African Slaver," 1854; "Ob- 
servations on Mexican History and Archieolo- 
py," pub. in the Smithsonian " Contributions 
to Knowledge," 1856; and "Mexican Anti- 
quities," I'liila. 1858. His occasional addresses 
arc numerous ; and he has conirib. to the Md. 
Hist, Society, of which he was corresp. sec. and 
a liberal benefactor, "The Journal of CharWs 
Carroll during his Mission to Canada," and 
" Tah-gah-jutc, or Logan and Captain Michael 
Cresap," 8vo, 1851. I'aym. U.S.A. since 1863. 

Mayhew, Experience, minister of Mar- 
tha's Vineyard, b. Jan. 27, 1673; d. Nov. 29, 
!7.')8. Eliicft son of Rev. John, and grandson 
of Rev. Thomas, he succeeded theni as an In- 
diiin preacher in .March, 1694. Familiar with 
the Ind. language, he was employed by the 
Society for propagating the Gospel in N.E. to 
make a now version of the Psalms, and of 
John, which he did in 1709. He pnb. in 8vo, 
1727, " Indian Converts," being lives of 30 In- 



dian ministers and 80 other piona Indians 
also "Grace Defendeil," 8vo, 1744. His son 
Zaciiariaii was Indian missionary at M.V^. 
from Dc-c. 10, 1767, to his d. March 6, 1806. 
He recivrd literary honors from H.U. I7i:0. 

_ Mayhew, Ira, educator, b. Ellisburg, 
N.Y., 1N14. Prominent in the cause of educa- 
tion in the Wesf, and repeatedly superint. of 
public instruction in Michigan. Author of 
"Treatjsc on Popular Education," N.Y. 1850; 
" Practical Svstem of Book-Keeping," Phila. 
1851. 

Mayhew, .Jonathan, D.D. (Aherd. 1749), 
miiii-!i r o( the West Church, Boston, from 
June 17. 1 747, to his d. July 9, 1766 ; b. .Mar- 
tha's Vineyard, Oct. 8, 1720. H.U. 1744. 
Son of Experience SI. Ho possessed great 
abilities and learning; was a writcrof superior 
power, and corresp. with Lardner, Bcn.-'on, 
Ki.opis, Bhickburne, and Ilollis. In 1763 he 
had a warm controversy with Mr. Aptliorpe, 
the Episcopal missionary in Boston. He was 
a man of independent views, inclined in his 
theological opinions to Unitariani-m ; a sin- 
cere friend of civil and religious lil>erty; the 
associate of < )iis and other patriots of the day ; 
and largely influenced the Revol. tendencies of 
the people He pub. many occasional sermons, 
" Thanksgiving Sermon tor the Repeal of tho 
Stamp Alt," 1 766 ; " Discourses on the Earth- 
quakes " in Nov. 1755, Boston, 8vo, 1760; 
and in 1749, in 8vo, ".Seven Sermons." Hit 
writings, with a Memoir, were pub. by Aldcn 
Bradford. 8vo, Boston, 18-38. 

Mayhew, Thomas, gov. of Martha's 
Vineviiid and the adjacent islands, b. Eng. 
1592'; d. .Mar. 1682, a. 90, wanting 6 days, 
lie had been a mr-rchant in Southampton, 
Eng.; came to N.E. in 1031; resided in Wa- 
tcrtown, Ms., in 1636; obtained of the agent 
of Lord Stirling in Oct. 1641 a grant of lands, 
and in 1647 began a .settlement at Edgartown. 
He aided his son in converting the Indian-. 
Having proved himself their father and friend, 
they were exceedingly att.iched to him. At 
the age of 70, after the death of his son, he 
preached to the natives as well as to the Eng- 
lish. During Philip's war in 1675-6, these 
Indians kept aloof from the conflict, and 
{Quarried their friend. 

Mayhew, Thomas, son of the preceding, 
first minister of Martha's Vineyard ; d. Nov. 
1657, a. 36. In 1642 he accomp. his father to 
that island, and preached to the whites; and in 
1646 began to preach to the Indians, whose 
langnag'j he acquired. So earnest were his la- 
Ixjr", that in 16.50 he h.id 100 converts. He 
sailed for Eng. in Nov. 1657 to obtain aid 
from the Society for propagating the Gospel ; 
but the vessel was lost at sea. He was lilK*r- 
ally edneaied Four of his letters respecting 
the progress of the gospel were pub. in Lon- 
don. Matthew his son snec'eded to the 
govt, of the island in 1681; also preached to 
the Inrlians, and d. 1710. His granil^.n Dr. 
Matthew, n man of wit and of uncommon 
poivcr^ ,,|- mind. i|. In-fore 1815. a. 85. 

Maylern, Jons, poet of Boston, b. 1691 , 
d. Nirw[«n, R.L II. U. 1715. In 1758 was 
pub. two poems, "The Conquest of Lonis- 
uurg," and " Gallic Perfidy." He alfixes Vt 



IV LAY 



6i; 



his nnni!> on the titlipngf* "Philo-Bcllura." 
H was lor a while a r.sidcnt of Ha'il'ax, N.S. ; 
till' date of his d. n-ually piv.n (174l') U too 
onrlv, ns the capture of Louisbur; occurr.'d 
in 1745. 

Mayo, Amobv r)«-icnT, clfr^vman and 
author, b. Warwi k, Mg., Jan.3I, isia. \Vhil« 
yoiin^ he kept in liis father's ston-, teaching 
school in the witiior ; at 20 he entered Amh. 
Coll., and, after Biiiilyitii; theolofry und^r Or. 
Hosea Billoii, Kaa ortl. in July, 1846, and 
s ttlol at Gloiiie>t r, M-., over the ImUpendint 
C'hri.stian C'hurt-h; after a mini-try of 8 year.-, 
h' reniovetl to Cl-'veland, ()., and imaehed ona 
voar to the Con','. SiK'irty ofLil'.ral Cliri-tia;i.s ; 
in 1855 he took charge of the First Con'_'. Unit. 
Socijty of Alliniiy, and is now iinstorin Cinein. 
H- li-.is pnb. "Til' Ba'-.-inc:-,' Boton, 1S47; 
" Gniofs and Powers of the ClirLstian Life," 
U^-2; " Symbols of the Capital," N.Y. 1859 ; 
and a sc!eiiion from the writings of hi^ wife, 
Mr*. S. C. Mayo, with a Memoir, Bo -ton, 1S49. 
Some of his lati v works have ajjpearcil in the 
Albany serial " Tr.ict3 for the Time>." lie has 
eontrib. to tb • Unavrsalist Qimrterli/, and to 
various iiewspap"r-. 

Mayo, Mi:9. Sarah C. F.DiiARTox, b. 
Shirl'V, M^., 1819; d. 1841; m. K.v. A. D. 
M.iyo,'l846. She cdi:ed for 9 years the Hos' 
of' ."S/iaron, an annual ; also edited the /.allies' 
lifjimitorii ; conirib. prose an<l verse to it and 
to the Knicker'>orJctr Mai. .-vnd othi'r |ii riodi 'als. 
Author of " The P.ilfroys," " Ellen Clillbnl, ' 
" ^!eInoir5 and Poem- of Mrs. ,T. 11. Scott," 
" The Poetry of Women," ," Flower Vase," 
" Spring Flower*," " Fables of Fiora," 
"Floral Fortunc-Teller." — See St'n-tions /'mm 
hr Wrilliiqs, ic'lh a Memoir hy her IIiis'kiiiiI, 
\-2mo. 184''J; .1 //'««»•. 

Mayo, William SxARnrcK, M.D., anthor, 
b. < );;d'iisburL', N'.V., Apr. 20, 1812. Ilu ances- 
tor. Uev. ,Ii>iiv, v,M- o! an En;r. f.niily ; came 
to N. E. in 16."!0. and was the first pa>torof 
tlie North Church, Boston ; ord. Nov. 9, IC5J ; 
di*in. Apr. 15, 1GG2. Wm. S. rec-ivifl a ■rood 
ch'.s>ieal education at the acad. of Potsdam, 
anil at 17 began to study nnxlicine at the Cull, 
of Physicians and Sur;:cons, N. Y. City ; ho 
received his diploma in ISSS; practised his 
profession s<'veral years ; and travelbd throu^-h 
the B:irl>ary States and Spain. In 1849 he 
pu1>. " Kaloolih," the most popular of his 
productions, narrating; ima;_:inary adventures 
in Africa ; in 1850 " The B^■rber,'or tlf Mo-.n- 
taineor of the Atlas ; " and "Romance Dust 
from th • Historic Placer." He resides in New 
York. — //irX/.iryt-. 

Mazzei, Philip, author, b.Tuscanv, 1710; 
d. Pi-a, Manb 19, 1810. He studi d'lli.vsie; 
pmcti'd a wbil'' at Smyrna; and from 1755 
I . 1 78.3 w.as in I/ondon, cnji.iscd in eonimenial 
insiness; he eaine to Ameriia in Di^c. 177.'), 
.fith a f 'W of his countrymen, for the purpose 
of introducing into Va. the culture of the 
pni;ie, the olive, a-id oth r fruits of Italy; ho 
toiik an active p:>rr in support of onr independ- 
ence, and was the friend and corresp. of Jcll'iT- 
6on ; in 1783 he returned to Euro|x- on a secret 
mission from the State of Va. ; revi-itcd the 
U.S. in 1785; and in 1788 wrote in Paris his 
" ItiicJkrcfifs U.storlqaa ct Potitiijuft fir le* 



Eliil»-Unis lie I ' A mrri'fiir f^ !>!■ ,ilr!u:iiih ," in 4 
Tola., which has mvi r Yr-'-n translated. H was 
Bulisequently privy coun illor of the Kin^ of 
Poland until 1792 ; and in 1802 received a pen- 
sion from the Kiiiiicror Alexander of liussin ; 
he was a zealous r ■pnMi<an, ami an cne;ny to 
intoliTance in Chureli and State. — Sn .V. morlt 
delld \',lti ill, 2 vo's. 1845. 

Mcacbam, James, der/vman and scholar, 
b. Uutland. Vt., 1810; d. "Middl hurv, Vt., 
An;;. 22, 1856. Midd. Coll. 18.12. U wa- tu- 
tor then;; studied theol. ; was settled iiiinLster 
of New Haven, Vt. : nascall»l to the i)Mf ssor- 
sliii) of elocution and En;:, lit. in Midi!. Coll. ; 
and M.C. 1849-55 ; at llie time of his dintli ho 
was a n-ffi'nt of the Smitlixminn Insiitute. 

Meade, (lEonoE Connox, I.L.I). (H.IT. 
1865). m.-ij.-ucn. U.S.A., b. Cadiz, Spain. I8!6. 
West Point, 1835. Son of U.S. consul lil.hard 
W., and bro. of Com. P.. W. M<ade, U. S. N. 
Entering the 3d Art., hi- sen-i-d ai-ai'i^ t the 
Seminoli-s in Fla., but n-ign'-d 26 Oet. 1836, 
and was employed in the Texas and North^^ast. 
lioundary surveys 183S-12; app. 2d li'-ut. 
topoi;. envrrs. 19"Mav, 1842 ; I-t li nt. 4 An;;. 
1851; capt. 19May,1856; mrj. 18 June, 1 862; 
brig.-gi'n. vols. 31 .\ug. 1861 ; maj.-,.'en. vols. 
29 Nov. 1862 ; brig.-?en. U.S.A. 3 July, 1S63 ; 
maj.-gen. 18 Au;;. 1864. Durin;; the Mexican 
war he was en:.r.'»j;cd at Pal<) -Vlto, Ftisiica d; 
la Palina, and the siegi' oi Vera Cruz, .tnd 
bn-v. 1st lieut. 23 Sept. 1846 for Mont rey ; 
engage<l in geod tie survey of north m lates 
1856-61 ; com. bri;;.'ule at l)ranc-.viile, Va., 
20 I) T. 1861 ; and in Peninsnl.ir canipni rn ; 
and S'Verely wounded :it Gl'ndale 30 luu-, 
1862; in tfic lattle of Manass is 29-30 Aug. 
1862 ; com. div. 1st cor|is at South Mountain 
and Antiotam ; com. 5th corps at Fri'derieks- 
burg and Chancel'or^ville ; con. Arniv of the 
Potomm- 28 June, 1 863, to 1 .July, 1 865 ; and 
en raged at Heitysbiirg, and in a!l th' batiles 
and operations in Va. to the surr nderof I^i e, 
9 Apr. 1865; now cominand.s Dept. of the 
East. 

Meade, Larkis G., sculptor, b. Brattlc- 
boro".gli,Vt. Fnini tbe.Vrmyof the Potomac he 
■sent numerous spirited camp and bntile s. ones 
to a N.Y. ^llu-strat d paper. Mis statue of 
Ethan Allen is in the Su^.te House, MontjK'lier. 
His other works are '• The Return. <1 Soldi'-r," 
"La Contadin 11a, I'he Thought of Free- 
dom," and " Echo." — I'lirhraan. 

Meade, William, M.l)., niin< ralogist of 
distin:;. iiti'rarv ami scientific otlaiumenls; d. 
Newburg, N.Y'., Aug. 29, ia3.3. 

Meade, William, 1).1>.. Prot.-Ep. bishop 
of \'a.. b. Fredi-rick, now Claike Co., Va., Nov. 
II, 1789; d. Riehmoud, Va., Muuh 14. 1862. 
N. J. Coll. 1808. Son of Col. Ri. hard Kidder, 
aide to Wivsliington 12 Mar. 1777-83 (b. 
1750, d. Feb. 1805). Ord. 181 1. The «• .neof 
his labors was the pari-h near his jinirimouijl 
estate ; :\nd for many years his inJepetident 
ptx-nuiary eireumst.ano-8 enabled him 1. 1 olliciatc 
gratuitously. Ho eontrib. materially to the 
establishm'nt of a diocesan tht'ol. sin., and 
other educational and niissionarv soii' tii-s in 
Va. Unanimously cho8<m assist, bi bop in 
1829, and conscc. in Phila. Aug. 19; assum -d 
the cliicf care of the diocese ; and in 1 84 1 took 



3ir:.^ 



613 



SIEE 



the sole charge of it. Bishop M adc wielded a 
remarkaMe influenco in Va., and made fervent 
thinii;h futile eftbits to jirevent the recession of 
Va. and tlio appeal to the sword. lie delivered 
annually a course of lectures at the Epis. Scm., 
and puhlishcd occasional tracts and treatises on 
doctrinal questions, local ehureh-lustory, &c. 
He was the recognized head of the evangelical 
liranch of the Prot.-Epis. Church in the U.S. 
He pub. "family Prayer," 1834; "Lectures 
on the Pastoral "Office ; " " Lectures to Stu- 
dents," N.Y. 1849; and "Old Churches, Min- 
isters, and Families in Va.," 2 vols. Svo, Phila. 
1856. 

Meagher, Gen. Thomas Francis, b. 
Waterloid, Ireland, Aug. 3, 1823; drowned at 
Ft. Benton, Montana. July 1, 1867. He studied 
at the Jesuit Coll. of Clongowes, Co. Kildare, 
and at Stonyhurst Coll., near Preston, Eng. 
Lea-, iiig the "latter in 1843, ho became in 1846 
one of the leaders of the " Young Ireland " 
party, with which lie was a favorite orator; and 
in 1848 was sent a delegate to congratulate the 
French republic. On his return he was ar- 
rested for sedition, and held to bail. Charged 
with treason, a reward of £300 was oft'ered ; 
and, alter many adventures, he was finally cap- 
tured near Rathgannon, in Aug. ; was tried in 
Clonmel in Oct. ; found guilty, and sentenced 
to death ; afterward commuted to banishment 
for life to Van Dieman's Land, from which he 
escaped, and landed in N.Y. in May, 1852. He 
lectured with great success throughout the 
country; and in 1854 visited Cal. On his re- 
turn he studied law, and entered on its practice. 
In 1856 lie edited the Irish News. lie raisetl a 
company in tlie 69th N.Y'. Vols., and served 
with distinction at Bull Run as major; after- 
ward raised an Irish brigade, and was made 
brig.-gcn. of vols. Feb. 3, 1862; attached to 
Sumner's corps during the battles lielore Kieh- 
niond ; at Autietam fought in Richardson's 
division; attached to Couch's corps (2d), and 
wounded at Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, 1862; at 
Cbancillorsville, May 2-4, 1863, he led bis bri- 
gade for the last time; and resigned May 8, 
1863. Early in 1864 he was recommi»sioned 
brig.-gcn. of vols., and assigned to the com. of 
the district of Etowah. App. sec^of Montana 
in 1865; and for some time prCTious to his 
death, which was occasioned by a fall from the 
deck of a steamer, had been acting governor. 
Author of " Speeches on the Legi>lative Indep. 
of Ireland," 12mo, 1852. 

Means, Alexander, M.D., D.D. (1854), 
LL.D. (Em. Coll. 1858), clergyman, b. N.C. 
Feb. 6, 1801. After teaching school in Mocks- 
ville, X.C., he removed to Ga. ; studied medi- 
cine, and in 1840-1 received his degree from 
the Augusta Med. Coll. In 1828 he became a 
minister in the M.E. Church ; in 1834 supt. of 
the Manual Labor School near Covington, Ga. ; 
from 1836 to 1856 occupied the (hair of natu- 
ral .science in Emory Coll., lecturing also on 
chemistry during part of the year at the Augu^ta 
Med. Coll. from 1841 to 1858; pres. of the 
JIasonie Female Coll. in Covington in 18.53; 
«nd in 1 854-5 was pre*, of Emory C<dl. He has 
jinee occupied the chair of chemistry at the 
Atlanta Med. Coll. 

Means, Jou.n II , gov. .8 C. 1850-2 ; col. 



in the Confcd. service ; killed at the battle of 
Manassas, Va., 28 Aug. 1862. 

Mease, James, M.D., an eminent physician 
<if I'liila. Author of " Geolog. Account of the 
U.S.," 1807; "Picture of Phila.," ISU; "On 
Wm. Penn's Treatv with the Lidians," 8vo, 
1836; " Utility of Public Loan Offices," &e., 
8vo, 1836 ; " Description of some of the Medals 
struck in N.A.." 8vo, Phila. 1821 ; " Letter on 
the Rearing of Silk- Worms," Svo, 1828 ; " Oh- 
servations on the Bite of a Mad Dog," &c., 
1792. 

Medary, Samuel, editor and Dcmoc. pol- 
iiician, 1). Montgomery Co., Pa., Feb. 25, 1801 ; 
d. Columbus, Nov. 7, 1864. He had a limited 
education ; became a printer; was an adherent 
of tien. Jackson ;' was many years editor of the 
Ohio Sidtcsiimn ; and established and carried on 
until his death the Columbus Crisis. A leading 
man of his party ; gov. of the Terr, of Minne- 
sota in 1857-8, of Kansas in 1859-60; and was 
during the Rebellion, a " peace Democrat." 
In 1869 his per.sonal and polit. friends erected 
a costlv monument to his memory. 

Medill, William, gov. of O. in 18.")3-6^ b. 
New Castle Co., Del., 1805; d. Lancaster, 0-., 
Sept. 2, 1865. He received an academical edu- 
cation ; studied law; and, having removed to 
Ohio, was adin. to the bar in 1832 ; was soon 
after elected to the State legisl., serving a num- 
ber of years, and was twice elected speaker ; 
was M.C. in 1839-43 ; was first assist, postm- 
gen. in 1845-9, and subsequently held theoHiee 
ofconimiss of Indian afliiirs; member of the 
State Const. Conv. of 1850, and chosen chair- 
man ; in 1851 and '52 was lieut.-gov. of Ohio. ; 
and by Pres Buchanan was app. first compt. 
of the"U.S. treasury. A Dcmoc. in politiis. 

Medley, John, D D., Pr.-Ep. bishop of 
Fred. nekton, N.15., 1). 1804; cdneateil at Wad- 
ham Coll., 0.\f. (B.A. 1826; .M.A. 1830). vSev- 
eral years vicar of St. Thomas's, E.^etcr, :',n(l 
prebend of that cathedral; and was in 1845 
coiLsee. first bishop of F., which includes the 
entire province of New Brunswick. — Men ofllie 
Tin,..' 

MedOWS, SiK William, a British gen , h. 
Dec. 31, 1739 ; d; Bath, 14 Nov. 1813. Enter- 
ing the army in 1756, be served in Gerinanj-; 
came with his regt. (55tb) to Amer. Sept. 1775, 
and com. the 1st brig, of grenadiers; disting. 
himself on many occasions, notably at Bran- 
dywine, where he was wounded ; (listing, and 
wounded at the taking of St. Lucie, and made 
col. 89th Hegt. ; major-gen. and com. of the 
forces at Maiiras in 1791; and led the right 
wing of Cornwallis's army at Seringapatam in 
1792; afterward made full gen.; gov. of the 
Isle of Wight; Kt. of the Bath ; and was com. 
of the forces in Ireland in 1801-3. 

Meek, Alexani>i,b Beaufort, author 
and lawver, b. Columbia, S.C, Jnlv 17, ISU ; 
d Coluinbus, Mpi., Nov. .30, 186"5. U. of 
Ala. His father settled at Tuscaloosa in 1819. 
Adm. to the b;ir in 1835, and edited the Hnj 
of the Union, a Democratic pa|ier. In 1836 he 
served as a lient. of vols, against the Seminoles, 
and was a short time atty.-gen. of the State; 
in 1839 he edited the 'Southron, a literary 
monthly at Tuscaloosa; in 1842-4 he was 
county judge, and pub. a suppt. to the " Digest 



G14 



MKJL. 



Ijf Alalmmn." He was law clerk in tlio nfBcc 
of tile solicitor of the tic«*iirv iit \VH-liiii;:ion 
in 18i5 ; U.S. <li«t. uitv. for tlie souiheni ili-t. 
of Ala 1846-50; ii>«<h:. e<liior of ilic M'J'ilt 
Lkii'lii li.tilsttr 184S-J.1; niemlier of the le-isl, 
ill ISS3; he di>li"'^. hiiii>elf l>_v ori;.'iniitini iiml 
BVCiiiin;: a frue-s html ^y>leIll in Alii. : jiiil::e 
of |irol>nle in Molii e l"<>. in 1P.'>4; speaker of 
the h-isl. in 1859. In 185.-* li? nnl.. " The Hed 
Eii;;le, n I'ooni of the South; ' niiil in 1 857 a 
Yol. of orations, •■.ketches, anil e»>ii_vs, entitled 
" Koni.iiitie I'assnj^es in Sonih-«e»iern His- 
tory, " and " Sonjjs and Poems of the South." 
He nl.-o dclivertd muny orations, es-^uys, and 
criticisms, in prose and verM-, and had written 
n History of Alahama. He e)L«.-lled as a chess- 
plu\ cr. — Aiiplrtun. 

Megapolensis, ■ToiiN. Jun..a Dnti'h min- 
ister, sLitleil at Alluinv in ir>42-9, afterwards in 
Kew y.irk. where he A. ah. 1 669. raine to X. Y. 
ut the a;.'e of .19. His account of the Mohawk 
Indians in 1644 is in Hazard, i. .M7-JG. 

Meigs, Charles Uelbcesa, M.I). (U. 
ofl'a 1814; N.J. (.'oil. 1818), inodi.-al writer, 
b. Ca. 17 Keh. 1792; d. Del. Co., I'a., 25 
June, 1809. Seiiled in Phila. in 1821); had a 
lucrative practice in hlssiHTialty, — ohstetrics, 
aud diseases of women and chiMren, — and was 
a prof in Jeff. Med. Coll. in 1840-62. Author 
of "Midwifery," 1838; "Lectures on the 
Female," 1047; "Remarks on S|)asinoilic 
Cholera," 1848; "Obstetrics," 1849; "Dis- 
eases of Children." 18.iO ; " CliildlK.l Kevers ; " 
" Diseases of the Neck of the L'terus," 1854 ; 
and ' Lives of S. (i. .Morton (18.'>1 ) and Daniel 
Drake, .M.D." Ed. the .V..1. Mtd.auH S;,r,. 
Jour., and trans. "Typhaines Abbey," a 
Kn'ncli novel, 1868. 

Meigs, .MoNTGOMEnT Cl'NSISGIIAU. qin.- 

sren L'.S.V.. 1>. Oa. iili. 1816. We-t Point, 
i8:t6. Knierin;; the 1st .Vrt.. he was iransf. to 
tn.Mti-rs. : U'caine 1st licut. 1 Julv, 1838; capt. 
3 Mar. 1853; col. llih Inf. 14 .May, 1861 ; 
qm.-yeii. (rank of liriK.-;.-en.) 15 May, 1801 ; 
breT. maj.-^'en. U.S..\. h July. 1864'. for dis- 
tiuj;. services duriu}; the RclK'llion. He was 
employed at Fort Delaware 1834-41 ; Fort 
Wayne, Detroit, 1841-9; on the Potomac 
Aqiiediictand U.S.,Capitol Kxtension 1S52-61 ; 
dir^ctin;: the equipping and supplvini; the ar- 
mies in the Held during' the |{el>elli>>n ; particu- 
larly eniployeil in proviilin;; trans[H>rtation and 
supplies for the forces at Chattanoojra ; and cn- 
i;a;;ed in the battle ot 2:>-25 Nov 1863; nlso 
in supplying and relittiu); .Sherman's army at 
S.ivaniiah and Goldsl>oroii^li. X C. 

Meigs, Uetcrx Jonathan, col. IJevol. 
nriiiy, h. .Middlciown. Ct., Dee. 1740; il. lh.n>- 
kiH.' 'As^'iicy, J.m. 28, 1823. Imin.diately alter 
the battle of Li'xin;;ton, he mareheil acmnpany 
of li.;ht inf. to Caml>rid;:e ; with the lank of 
major aecomn. Arnold to Qmbec. anil upon 
its altih'k by .Montgomery, Dee. 31. 1775, wivs 
mad'' a prisoner; exchaii'.;ed in 1776 ; and in 
1777, havinp raided a iv;;t., was pn>niotctl to 
col. ; May 23, 1777. he performed a brilliant 
rXj'loit at San Harbor, for which Cmyress 
(wVii^. 3) voted him thanks and a sword ; he 
com. a ie:;t. at the storuiin.^' of Stony Point, 
July 16, 1779; ami served to the eml of the war. 
In 1788 he was one of the first settlers of M.iri- 



etta, O. He wa> npp. commiss. of clolhiiig 
uiiiler Gen. Wuyiie in 1795 ; and in 1801 wa« 
ap)i by JefTerr-oii ai.'riii lur Indian affairs ; from 
ihe Inilians he n^eived th" sobrirpiet of " Tho 
White Path." His Joiinial of the Kx|i«d to 
QiieU'C (Sipt. 9. 177.V-J.in. 1, 1776) is in the 
Ainer. Remembniiii er for 1776, ami was prim- 
dUwiih an Iniiixl. and Xoies bv C. I. Uush- 
nell. X.Y. I8C4. 

Meigs, RcTL'iiN Jonathan, jurist and 
statesman, son of the pn^xilinj;, b .Middle- 
town, Ct, Nov. 1765; d. .Marietta, U.. Mor. 
29, 1825. Y. C. 1785. He stud its! law ; emi;;. 
to Marietta in 1788 ; was sent on a mission to 
the British coin, at Detrwil by Gov. St. Clair 
in 1790; and was subseipiently often eiicnjied 
in the Indian fiiilits of the day ; chief ju~tiiH; 
of the Ohio Sup. Court fiom l8<i.'l to Oct. 18'I4; 
brcv. col. U.S.A., and com. of the St Charles 
dist.. La., fn)m O. i. I8i>4 to Apr. 21, 1806; 
jud^eof the Sup. Court of that di«t. in 1805-6 ; 
jnd;:e of the U.S. Dist. Conn of .Mi.li. from 
Apr. 2, 1807, to 1808; US senator 1808-10; 
gov. of O. 1810-14; and U. ."s. po«tniiu>ter- 
pen. from 1814 to June, 1823. Dunns; the war 
of 1812, Mei::s did more than any other gov. 
to aid the country diirini; ihni ronfliei by the 
prompt orpaniiation of the militia, by ^nrri- 
sonin;; the forts and stvurinj; safety to the ex- 
|Hiscd setilenK-nts. and the aid he rendcied Har- 
rison's army, lie pub. •' Report.s of Cases in 
the Sni>reme Court ot Tenn," 8vo. 1839. 

MelishjJoiiN, ^w>.,rrapher and |>olil. econo- 
mist, h. Perthshire, Scotland. 1771 ; d. Phila. 
Dec. .30. 1822. He came to the U.S. in IS09. 
Aiithor of " Travels in the U.S and in Great 
Britain and Canada in 1800-11," 2 vols. 8vi>, 
1812; "A De.scripiii.n of the Roiids." &c., 
1814; "Traveller's Diri-ctory," 1815, "DescrijH 
tion of the U.S.," 1816; "Universal School 
GeO',;ra|ihy and Atlas ; " " Xiivssiiy of proiwl- 
ini; .Maiuifaetiires," 1818 ; " Majwof Penn. and 
of the U.S ; " " Information to KmiLTants," 
1819 ; •■ Statistical View of the U S.," 1822. 

Mellen, Grenvii.li.. (kjci. son of Chief 
Justice Pientiss. b. Uiddeford, Mc., June 19, 
1799; d. New York, Sept. 5, 1841. II. U. 
1818. He sludiml law. but after a few years' 
prnctico in_Poiil«nd, Me., devoted him>elf 
wholly lo Ineratim', and wrote for matniiines, 
annuals, and |ieriiMlienls, auiuni; others for the 
U. .S. IM. Cau-iu. He was a resident of JJ. 
Yarmouth. Mc , in 182.3-S: then resided in 
Bosiim ah. 5 years, and removed llienee M 
X.Y., wlicrc, in 18.39, he bcu'an the MoiilU^ 
Miscrlliiiii/, soon iliseontinueil. In 1826 he re- 
cited a p»iem iM^forc the Peace Sorii-lv in Me., 
called "TIk- Rest of Kmi.irt-s ; " and' in 1S28, 
liefore the Athensuin Society of Bowd. Coll , 
he tx'ad an anniv. |>nem on " The Li..;ht of 
Ix'iiers." He also pub. " Our Chr«iiich- of 
Tweniv-six ■' 1827; " (ilad Tales and Sad 
Tales,'"" 18;i9 ; " Tho .M.irtyr's Triumph, Biiriiil 
Vallev. and other Poems."" in 1833. He (Mlit.d 
•• A liin.k of the U.S.."8vo, Hartfonl. 18.37. 

McUen, Henry, fniet, b. Sterling, Ms., 
Oct. 24. 1757 ; d. Dover, X.H , July SI, 1809. 
H.U. 1784. Son of Rev John, minister of S. 
(1744-84) He stndie<l law, nxM settled at 
l)over. A collection of his poems was pub- 
lished. 



MEL 



G13 



Mellen, Phentiss, LL.D. (Dowd. Coll. 
I8is), jurist, li. SdTiiu;.', Ms., Uct. 11, 17G4; 
li. I'oiilanJ, Mc, » c. 31, 1840. ll.U. 1784. 
lii'o. ut' Henry. Ho practise 1 law in various 
Iilaces, aMdlinally reinovcd to Portland in ISUG, 
ri ini,' to the luad of the liar of .Mo. Jliiiiliur 
oltlii- ex,r. coinuil ISOS-Oaud 1817. Ill 1817- 
20 lie was U.S. senator of iMs. ; and Wiia the 
iirst iliivf jusii.e of the Supreme Court of Me. 
ill 18J0— 11. His decisions are found in thclirst 
II \ol-. iif the Me. Reports. 

Melmoth, Mns., a celeb, aetrcss; d. New 
York, Sept. IS23, a. 74. 

Melvitle, Heii.man, author, b. New York, 
An,'. 1, ISl'J. Uiandson of Major Tlios. At 
the a;;e of 18 h.) shipped liefore the nia.-r. In 
1S42 he desprted from a whaiin;i-jbip at Nuka- 
hova, one of the Marijui'.-as Islands, and, wan- 
derin.^r into the Typeo Valley, r;;m.iined four 
months a prisoner in the liands of its warlike 
inii:ihi:ants. Reeovonnj; his liberty, he arrived 
ill lios.o.i in Oct. 1344. "Tyjjee," a narrative 
ofhisadventures, pub. in X.'i.in 1846, met with 
greut success. " Omoo " (X.Y. 1847) relates 
his e.caije from Typec, and subsequent voyage. 
" Mardi, and a Voyaso thither, and " Ued- 
burn," apj),ar.^d in the same year. After a 
residenc" in X.Y., he removed in 1850 to Pitts- 
lield, ils., producing " White J.ieket, or the 
Word in a Man-oi-War," 1850; " Moby Diek, 
or the Wliite Whale," 1851; "Pierre," or the 
A;iibi„'iiities," 1852; "The Piazza Tales," 
185(1 ; and "The Confidence Man," 1857. In 
1847 he m. the dan. of Chief Justiee Shaw. In 
18C0 hi' a;_'ain sailed on a whaliug-voyagc 
ninnd the world. 

Mel'/iUe, Ma.i. Thomas, a patriotic mer- 
chaii: of Boston, b. J.m. 27, 1751 ; d. there 
Sept. 16, 1832. N. J. Coll. 1769. Grandson 
of Thomas, minister of Seoonie Parish, Fife- 
shire ; and son of Allan, a merchant of Boston, 
who eanie to America in 1 748. He became a 
merehaut; and in Dec. 1773 was one of the fa- 
mous Tea Party of Boston. He took an active 
part in th" Kevol. war; and, as maj. in Crafts's 
reyt. of Ms. .art., was in the actions in R.l. in 
177S. Prom 17'<9 to 1829 he was naval ollicer 
and survevor of the ])ort of Boston. Member 
of the State li-isl. in 18.'!2..— /Jm/r/aW/,-. 

Meiiiminger, Cii ikles Gust.wus, law- 
yer and politician, b. Wurtcniberg, Germany, 
Jan. 7, 1803. S.C. Coll. 1820. Brought by 
hi. moher in infancy to Charleston, S.C, he 
soon afterwards became an orphan, but by the 
puronage of (jOv. Bennett w:is lieliied to an 
edii -ation. He began to piaetis • law in Cliarhs- 
ton in 1 S25 ; beeiune a leader of the Union par- 
ty in the niilliiieation contest ; and wrote " The 
Book of XiillifieMiion," 1832-3, siitirizing its 
advov-aiesiii bililieal stylo. For nearly 20 years 
he W.IS at the head of the finance com. in the 
lower house of the legisl., ft-om which he re- 
tired in 1852. Hi! was again in the Icgisl. in 
I.'.')4, and was active in school reforms; in 1859 
he wasapp. acommiss.to Va. ; see. of the treas. 
in the cabinet of Jefterson Uavig, Feb. 1861- 
Junc, 1864. 

Mendoza de ('!£ mcn-do'-tha), Dos Pe- 
Dno, b. Cadiz, Spain, nb. 1487 ; d. at sea on 
bis return to Spain, soon after founding the 
ci:y of Buenos AjTcs, in 1535. He ottered his 



services to Charles V. iu 1 529 to complete, at 
his own expense, the exploration of ihe Uivers 
La Plata and Paraguay ; w.is cnated mi itary 
chief of the countries adjacent to thein; and set 
sail in 15.14. 

Menendez de Aviles, Pedho, a disting. 

Spanish olUc;r of an an iout Astiirian f.imilv, 
b. 1519; d. ab. 15 Sept. 1574. Wild iu liis 
youth, he gained di^iinction in cruises against 
the corsairs and the French; a quiivd wealth 
in the New World ; was eapt.-gen. of the (iect 
sent with troops to Flaudera, contributing, it is 
said, to the victory ol' St. Queniin ; aftenvard 
went to the W. Indies as gen. of the ib.it and 
army; amassed vast riches; and in 1561, on 
his return to Spain, was arrested by the Coun- 
cil of the Indies, imprisoned, and heavi.y lined 
for his coiidui t there. At the head of" an c.x- 
(led. for the conipicst and colonizaiion of Flori- 
da, he saili'd from Cadi/. 29 June, 1565 ; Sept. 
7 lie discovered the bay and river, which ho 
named .St. Augustine, and, landing, took tbrmal 
possession on the 8th, and laid the Ibundation 
of St. Augnsiine, the oldest town iu »lie U.S. 
Sept. 21, at daybreak, he surprised and put lo 
the sword the Fremh Huguenot garrison at 
Fort Caroline, — a piece of cruelty afterwards 
avenged by De Gourgiies upon the Spanish 
garrison there. He returned to Florida two 
years Later; rebuilt San Mateo ; and in 1574, 
after his return to Spain, was given tiie com. 
of the Armad i of 300 sail at Santander, destined 
against England, wh<.n he d. suddenly at the 
age of 55. 

Menken, Adah Isaacs, actress, b. near 
N. Orleans, June 15, 18.)5; d. Paris, Aug. 10, 
1 868. H r maiden name was Dolores Ailios 
Fucrtos. Her fither was a Spanish Jew, and 
her mother a narive of Bordeaux. At the age 
of 7 she lost her father, and went on the stage 
as a danseuse; afterward joined the Moniplai- 
sir troupe, and played in Havana and .\I 'xico, 
becoming a great favorite. She made her (/e- 
liiit in Fazio at the Varieti<s, New Orf ans, in 
185S; and as Mazeppa, at the Opera House, 
San Francisco, Aug. 24, 1863. In l.«56 sli- m. 
John Isaacs Menken. In 1859 shi'. iii. John C. 
Ileenau, ihe]iugilist, from whom shi; was ai'ter- 
ward divorced ; and in Oct. 1861 iii. R. H. New- 
ell (Orpheus C Kerr), which alliance was, liki; 
the others, spei dily followed by a separation. 
In 1860 she performed in New York. In the 
early part of the civil war she played in the 
Southern theatres ; afterward at Astlcy's in 
Loud., and in Paris, to • rowded houses ; tl:e 
part of Mazepiia being the only one in which 
she excelled. In Mnv, 1868, she w.is diranv-s 
of Sadler's Wells flieatre, Lond. She ow^d 
her sucetss to a beautiful l()nn, and played in 
pi.'CCS wliich enabled her to exhibit its attrac- 
tiveness to the greatest advantage. She wrote 
a vol. of poems entitled " Memories," under 
the signature of "Indigiaa; " and in 1867 "In- 
felicia," said to have been edited by the poet 
Swinbnm". 

Mercer, Ciiables Feston, LL.D. (N. .J. 
Coll. 1826), M.C. from Va. 1817-40, b. Fred- 
ericksburg, Va., June 6, 1778; d. Howard, 
near Alexandria, Va., May 4, 1 858. N. J. Co.i. 
1797. A capt. in the annv, ho ri'signed, and, 
after spending a year in fiuropc, returned io 



MBR 



616 



MKR 



I80I, and pnwtiscJ l;iw. From IsiOtolsiT 
be \va« u m -iuInt oftlic Ajm.iuMv ; nits call<'<l 
iu 1811 to luUitarr duly, luid iv>.' to the rank 
of bri^. j.a-n. of militia, roniiiinnding tli.- forvvs 
ut Xori'olk. Ill' WU4 cliiif suiijiortcr of tlie 
Chcsa; lako and Ohio C.mnl si iKinr, and was 
pivs. of iliocompjuiy ; chairman ol' the <«ni. of 
nnaiico iu Cou^n-is, and n |initwtionist. In 
ISM h.' vi»ilitl EuiviK', and used his i'.16rt< for 
t'.K cniiiv al option of t ho African s.nvi'-tnulo. 

Mercer, Ui on, hri^.-s^'n., t>. AUnlwn, 
Sootliuiil, a'. ITil ; d. Piincefon, N. J.,Jan. 
12, 17TT. Kduratod for the in«lical |iroffo>ion 
at the U. of Ahonlcvn. lie «!>~ an assist, siir- 
p>on at tho baitli- of Cul od^u, and, in cons<v 
qu ■ni'o of his jiarii ijpa'ion in the rvl»llii>n, 
eiui;;. to Ainorica early in 1747, ami st-ttUil us 
a phy ieian luar the pn^'nt viilajreof Mer>eri- 
btir/, Franklin Co.. la. In the Fr. and In- 
dian war of 1755-6 lie was a cipt., and the 
roni|>:inion of Washin„'ton ; and, in the exp>d. 
o;' Brwitlook at the l*ttle oi'lho Monun;;ahela, 
«:»s severe. V wounded; Iwi'ame sepjr.iled from 
hi- men. and, afior\v>\ks of w.iiulenn;: and liard- 
sliip, ri'aclu'd Fort Cuinh.'rland. lie reeeiveil 
a lueilal I'roin the coriK>nition of Phiia. for his 
coura.:o and conduct in this cxjhhI. On the 
rc-or^auiziilion of the 1^-ov. forvs in 1758, 
M Ivor, |)ivmoi^'d lo l>e lieut.-col., accoinp. the 
army of Oen. Forlv-s to Fort Uiuiiicsnc, and 
com', that post un;il nlieved, when he tixi-d liis 
r >idenci' ai FixkU lii ksbur^, Vo., and rvsumi-d 
the iiractio-.' of metlicine. On the linakin;;-out 
of the Ucvol. he \v:u-ndy e.-]H>ii»i'd the cauw of 
lilwrty ; left his profi'Ssion ; com. 3 n-gts. of 
mi'.iuiiMnen in 1775; in 1776 drilled and or- 
^aniz d th ■ Va. militia ; was nuule col. 3d Va. 
Re,:!. Feb. 13. 1776; and Jnne 5. 1776, wa- app 
by Con;ircss a liri;^.-gcn. At Tivnton, Mener 
led the eoliinin of attack, and, after its brilli.-int 
rvsult, 8U,'j;e^tiHl at iho eoun.il of war the 
darinj; ni^rlit-mirch on Princeton. In that 
inaix-h he Wiis intmstMl "ith the cvm. of the 
advanci'd party. Fn.onnterinir at dayhn'ak 
of Jon. 3, 1777,alarj;^' liotly of Uriti.sh troops, 
he thr.w his liri,^de bctwix-n them and th' ir 
rcs<.'r>e ut Princeton, ihns fouin;; a jn-nenil 
action. Mercer was <li>mounted, and, endiitv- 
orins; to nily the midtia, was rel'ed by n blow 
from the musket of a British soldiir, i icrcod 
with biiyon>-t-«onnds, and left for deail. Ri"- 
inov. d to a nii^hborin^ farmlion»<-, he lini;crrd 
several days in e-Ntn'me snrtVrin;; till he ex- 
pin-d. A nionuMient h.is be n erect' d to his 
memory at Laurel Hill, near Piiila. Provi-ion 
wasm.ide liy Conj^ri-ssin 1 793 for the education 
ol his vonU'.ri-st son, iliGii, who d. Frcdericks- 
burj:, Va., l>i'C. 2. 1S5.3, a. 77. Another son, 
Co!. Jonv. d. Va. Sent. .W, 1817. His only 
diu.. Ansa CiOBDOn Pattox, d. Krvdcricks- 
biir . Va.. May 1-2. 1S32, a. 58. 

Meroer, ■Iami:s, S'ale-sman, of Hanip»hin\ 
Va. ; d. 17M. .i. al.. 50. Wm. .and M. Coll 
irC7. A metnNr of the Va. h. of linr_'\ss»'s; 
a nicnil'er of all the Va. conventions, an I of 
tUo cv)mmitt' c o; safety ; a member of Con- 
j:n.'»s l77>-¥0 ; and a jnd^- of admiralty, and 
of ih" First Court of Apjvals. — 'r'r/.;,<^y. 

Mercer, Je^se. Baptist cKrjrvman, b. 
Ila.ilax Co., N.C.. D.'C. 16,1769; d. Butts Co., 
Ga., Sept. 6, 1841. OrU. in 1789, he look 



charyi- of a church in Wilki-s Co., Ca. ; wag a 
memlier of the conv. to amend the constituiioD 
of (ia. in 1798. Ho was .an u!o<|U''nt preacher, 
and i-oinpilitl "M'Tcit's Ciusir," a vol. of 
hymns still in nse. M'rc r V. in Peulidd, 
(la., to which he lefr 86*>,000, was nanii-d in 
his honor. — .Sre Mi minr «/" XI, rcrr, /« (,'. I J. 

Mercer, .Tons FR.wctg, a Revol. soKlier, 
pov. of Md. 1801->), li. 1758; d. Phila, 30 Aug. 

1821. Win. and .M. Coll. 1775. DcV^'. frum Va. 
to the Old Congrss in 1782-5; from Md. to 
the conv. which f;anio<l ihc Fi'deral Constitu- 
tion ; M.C. 1 792-« ; sn.l nu-mU'r ol the Stat»> 
I'-risl. His dan. M.vHii.vBET (1791-1846) vol- 
untarily retUu-t'd herself to |ioverty l.y fri'cing 
her slaves, 8up|ion in;; hrrs.lf 25 years !'y leach- 
in;;. She |iri'i>ar>.d lor In r piij.ils " Studies for 
Bible Clas-e,-. and Ethics in L>'it' rs to Youny; 
Ladies." — .Sif .l/ri«i«r, ?.y l>r. Cas/xtr Morris, 
8vo, 1848. 

Mercer, Samiel. commodore U.S.X., k 
Md. 18(10 d. Urxioklyn, X.V., .Mar. 6, 1862 
Midsliipiiinn. Mar. 1815; lient. Jan. 13, 1825; 
com. .Vpl. 8, 1841 ; caiit. Sept. 4, 1855. lie 
was in " The Wabash," lilocadin;; CharU'ston 
harUir, and uftcnvard in the attack ou Uai- 
toms. 

Meredith, Sami-ei, U.S. trcasur r, 1789- 
1801, b. Phila. 1740; d. Belmont, Pa., F'-'i. 
10. 1817. He was for a time in the Colonial 
le-^^isl. of Pa. ; m.aj. 3d Pa. Latt. in 1775; and 
p<'r>onally enpi'jed in the I'jittles of 'Ir nton, 
and with his family wa.s exili-d from Phila. on 
its occ«|)«!ioii liy the liriii-h. Ho, wi.h (ii'or.'e 
Clymcr, hi-^ Kro.-in-law. ya- e i."10,000 in .silver 
to carry on die war. He was n inembtr of the 
State le;:Ls|., and of tlieOld Con-nss in 1 7ij7-S. 

Meredith, William Mobris, of Pa., s.c. 
U.S. irons, from Mar. 7, 1849, to, luly 20, 1850, 
and a Icmlin;; lawyer, h. Phiia. 8 .Inne, 1799. 
U. of Pa. 1812. Ho Ix'pin pr.iciico in Uic. 
1817, and wivs Ion;; one of th'' first lawyers in 
the State; a ri'pri'sontative in the Pa. Iej:isl. in 
lt^24-S; pros, of the Select Council of Phila. 
1834-49; niomlier Siati Const. Conr. U57; 
Btty.-pen. of Pa. 1861-7 ; app. one of the coun- 
sel for the U S. at the (.ioncra conf , but do- 
cline»l. 

Meriam. Ebene^er, statisticLm and me> 
tooroloi;isi, b. Coiic\>nl, Ms., June 20, 1794; 
d. Brooklyn. L. I.. .Mar 19, ■.■'64 Ho was a 
maniif in Ky . a dry-;;oods dealer in /nn"S- 
ville, O. ; in "ls38 w.'nt to X V Ciry, and, in 
the inannf of .soap and candles, ac<)uin-<l a ix>m- 
IK'ieneo Dcvotin;; himself to niet«'oro!o„'v, 
he ori,.'inat<'d the theory of cycles of atuHis- 
phoncal phenomena; K-pan in IS41 the .1/k»- 
riiHil l!n^tir,r, a scieniiiic journal; coiiirib. 
•cientiticartiek'S to thc/i^min'o^ t\<minn-r and 
other pnix'rs ; and for mor* than 30 years kept 
a ns-onl of the weather. 

Meriwether, l)»vn). soMior and stsie*. 
n\ ni, li Vu. 1T.^.'>: d. near .\tliens, Vt\ , Xuv. 

1822. A liout. iu the Kevol. army, lie senreil 
III X. J . and was taken prisoner nt the siepe 
of Savannah. In 178.'i ho seliled in Wilkes 
(\i . (ii., which he several limes n'prost'nteil in 
the State letisl. M C in 1802-7, and a warm 
siip|Mic tor of Jefferson, who in IS04 spp. him a 
comiuiss. to treat with the Crcvk Indians. Hs 



MER 



617 



m;et 



also, with Gen. Jackson and Gov. McMin of 
'I'cnn.. (■Dnclnded a treaty 'with the Chcrokces, 
iiv wliich ft hirf;e territory west of the Appa- 
hieli'i' River was ccdc'i to the U.S. 

Merrick, James Lv.man, b. Monson, Ms., 
11 Ort. ISO.-); (I. Amherst, Ms., 18 Jiine. 1866. 
Amh. Coll. laiO; Columh. Theol. Sein. 183.3. 
IJe-eendcd from Thos., of Spriii'^field, Ms. (nb. 
16(8). Ord mi.ssion:iry to Persiu 18.34 ; sniied 
to Coiistiiniinople in Aug.; and in Au;;. 1835 
went to I'ersiii, where he travelh'd and labored in 
various plaee.* until his return in 1845. After 
Jan. 1849, pitsior of the Coni;. Church, Am- 
herst, Ms. Autlior of " Pilfrim'rt Harp," a 
vol. of poems, 8vo, 1847; "Life and Uelir;ion 
of .Mohammed," 1850; " Keith on Prophecy," 
Iransl. into Persian, 1846; "Treatise on Kn;^- 
li^h Oithniriaphv," &c. ; " Gcncal. of the .Mer- 
rick Famdy." fsGO. He bequeathed all his 
property to the institutions in which he had 
been educated, for the purpo.'te of founding' four 
Per>ian .scholarships. — N. E. //. and G. Regis- 
tir, I 8110. 

Merrick, PLiNV,LL.D.(H.U.1853),judge, 
b. Urooklield, Aug. 2, 1794 ; d. Boston, Feb. 1, 
1SG7 11. U. 1814. SonofPlipy (H U. 1776). 
He studied law with Levi Lincoln ; commenceii 
practice in Worcester in 1817; subsequently 
practised at Swanzey and Taunton ; was npp. 
CO. atty. in 1824 ; in 1832 atty. for the middle 
district; in 1827 representative for Worcester ; 
in 1843 jud'.'c of the C.C.P. ; in 1844 of the 
Municipal Court; State senator in 1850 ; again 
judge of the C.C.P. in 1851, and in 185.3-64 
ol the Ms. Supremo Court; prea. of the Wor- 
ce.-ter and Nashua Ra-lroad Co. In 1849 he 
was .senior counsel in the defence of Prof. Web- 
8t"r, who murdored Ur. Cieorge Parkman. 
Much of his large property was bequeathed to 
the city of Worcester for the establishment of 
schools of a high grade. 

Merrill, David, Fresh, minister at Ur- 
bana, U , 1827-41, and of Peachani, Vt., from 
1841 to his il.. July 21, 1850, a. 52. IJarttn. 
Coll. 1821. He pub. three oceas. sermons, and 
contrib. to several periodicals. After his death, 
a vol. of his sermons, with a Memoir by T. S. 
Pearson, waspuli. 12mo, Windsor, 1855. 

Merrill, Thomas Arbot, I). 1). (Mid. 
Coll. 1837), Cong, clergyman, b. Andover, 
Ms., Jan. 18, 1780; d. Middlebury, Vt., April 
29,1855. Dartin. Coll. I80I. Hewnsatutor 
at Damn, and Midd. Colleges, and was pastor 
of the church at the latter place from Dec. 19, 
1805, nntil his death. Numerous revivals at- 
tested his power as a preacher. He was 49 
years one of the corporation of Midd. Coll. Ho 
pub. some sermons, and a valuable history of 
Mid.ilcbMry in 1840. 

Merritt, Timotiit, clergyman, b. Bark- 
hain-i.ad, Ct., Oct. 1775; d. Lynn, Ms., 1845. 
H ■ luianii', a minister in the M.E. Chnrch in 
17116; edited Zion a HrTatd \n Boston, and the 
('liTisl. Ailvoratf awl Journal atHevf York ; and 
pub. "The Christian's Manual," "Convert's 
Guide and I'rcacher's Assistant," "Universal 
Salvation," and " Memoir of Miss S. H. Bunt- 
ing." 

Merritt, Wusi.Er, hrev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., 
b. N. Y. 1836. West Point, 1860. Entering 
the Dragoons, he became capt. 2d Car. 5 



April, 1862; brig.-gcn. vols. 29 June, 1863; 
maj.-gen. 1 Apr. 1865; lieut.-col. 9th Cav. 28 
July, 1866. He took part in Stoneman's Raid, 
Ajir. 1S63 ; com. reserve cav. brigade at Gettys- 
burg, and brev. major, 1 July, 1863 ; rem. cav. 
division, Nov. 1863 to Apr. 1864, in operations 
in Central V«. ; com. cav. brigade in the Rich- 
mond campaign, being frequently engaged ; and 
brev. lieut.-col. 11 May, 1864, for baiile of 
Y'ellow Tavern, and col. for battle of Hawes 
Shop, 28 May, 1864 ; also on'gaged at Cold 
Harbor and Trevillian's Station ; com. cav. div. 
Shenandoah campaign ; and brev. maj.-gen. 
vols. 19 Oct. 1864 (or Winchester and Fisher's 
Hill ; com. cav. div. in Richmond caiiipaign. 
Mar -Apr. 1865; engaged at Dinwidilie C.H. 
31 Mar., and Five Forks, for which he was 
brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865; and 
brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A. for gallant and merit, 
services ending in Lee's surrender. — Cullum. 

Merry, Roui;nr (Delia Crusca), poet, b. 
Lond. 1756; d. Baltimore, 24 Jan. 1798. U. 
of Cambridge. Ho acquired reputation as a 
poet; m. in 1792 the actress Anne Brunton, 
who in 1796aecoinp. him to America. Author 
of " l^iins of Memory," Boston, 1797. His 
widow m. William Warren the comedian in 
1806. 

Mervine, William, rear-adm. U.S.N., b. 
Pa. IVUO; d. Utica, N. Y., Se;)t. 15, 1868. 
Midshipm. Jan. 16, 1809; lieut. Feb. 4, 1815; 
com. Jan. 12, 1834; capt. Sept. 8, 1841 ; com- 
mo. 16 July, 1862; rcar-adin. 1866. He did 
good service during the lirst year of the civil 
war; but ill health compelled his retirement in 
Nov. 1861. 

Messer, Asa, D.D. (H.U. 1820), LL.D. 
(U. of Vt. 1812), b. Methuen, Ms., 1769; d. 
Providence, R. L, Oct. 11, 1836. Brown U. 
1790. He was tutor in 1791 ; prof, of lan- 
guages in 1796; of mathematics and moral 
philos. in 1799; and was pies, of B.U. from 
1802 to 1826. 'riie citizens of Providence for 
several years elected him to important civil 
offices. Several of his discourses and orations 
have been pub. He was licensed to preach by 
the First Baptist Church, Providence, in 1792, 
and ord. in 1801. 

Messerve, Col. NAxnAsiEL, ship-builder, 
b. Poii>rnoiHh,N.H. ; d. Juno 28, 1758. Lieut.- 
col. of Moore's regt., and rendered essential ser- 
vice, at the siege of Louisburg, 1745 ; com. the 
N.H. regt. raised for the Crown Point exped. 
in 1756, and gallantly defended Fort Kdward. 
In 1758 he embarked to aid in the second siego 
of Lonisburg, and died of small-pox. His son 
George was app. stamp-agent for N. H. ; 
afterward coll. of customs in Boston and Ports- 
mouth ; was a loyalist, and went to England in 
1777. 

Messheimer, Fuederick Val., entomol- 
ogist ; d. ab. IMU. Lutheran minister of Han- 
over, York Co., Pa. He pub, " A Catalogue 
ol Iriseels of Pa.," 1806. 

Metcalfe, Charles Tiieophilus, baron, 
pov.-gen. of Canada 184.3-6, b. Berkshire, 
Eng., Jan. 30, 1785; d. B.tsingstoke, Sept. 5, 
1846. Theophilus his father was a member 
of parliament. He was educated at Eton ; 
went to Inilia in 1800, where he tilled various 
civil and diplomatic posts ; succeeded to tb< 



BrlKT 



G18 



biromtcy on the denth of his lim. in 1832; 
gor.-ccn. of Jamaica 1839— 12 ; cruatoU n barun 
in 1844. 

Metcalf, Ralph, rov. of N.H. 1855-6, b. 
Ch«ili-.i.i»n, N. 11.. Nov. 21, 1798; rt. Claro- 
mom. N.ll., Aiiu'. -26. 1858. ]).C. 182.-). Ho 
followcil fainiiiiguniil chc a'.;<'uf 18 ; iH-pin ihc 
prai'tii'O of liiw at Ni'»|x)ri in l8-'6; »u< ecc. 
of state several years Ironi I8.')ii ; held a clerk- 
ship at \Vasliin;;ton in 18.18— »0 ; WH'-ehairnian 
of '.lie iHini. lor eoinpilinK the law» of the Stale 
in 1S52; member of the hou»: in I832-;1; re- 
(;istcr of probate for Sullivan Co. in 1845. — 
Aliinmi I I.e. 

Metcalfe, SAMLti, L., MO., b. Va. ; d. 
1836. Some time a Rsident of Ky., and prof, 
of ehemisiry in Transvlv. U., Lexinclon. 
Author of '• Narrative of Indian Warfare in 
the West." Ix-x. 8vo, 1821 ; " Now Theory of 
Terrestrial .\laj;nciisni," 8vo, 1833 ; " Calorie," 
&A.:. 2 vols. 8vo. 1843. 

Metcalf, TntRON, LL.D. (B.U. 1844; 
H.U. 1848). jurist, b. Frankiin, Ms., Oct. 16, 
1784. Brown U. 1805. App. re|>orler Ms. 
Supreme Court in 1839. and juilgo from Feb. 
24, 1848. to 1865. Author of " Digest of Cases 
in the Ms. Sup. Court," 1816-23; " Mctcalfs 
Reports, 1840-49," 13 vols. 8v<i, 1840-51 ; 
" Digest of Decis. of Cts. of Common Law and 
Admiralty in the U.S.," vol. i., 1840; with L. S. 
Cushin<;, Suppt. to the Kev. Slatnles of Ms. 
to 1844. He has edited the Ucii. Laws of Ms. 
to 1822 by Commissioners Stearns and Shaw, 
2 vols. 8vo, 1823; Maule and Selwyn's Re- 
ports ; Russell on Crimes ; Starkie on Evi- 
dence; Yelverlon's Reports; &c. Author of 
able ariieles in the -I bit. yuns/ on the Law 
of Contracts (since pub. in an 8vo vol.), &C. ; 
an Draiiiin at Dedham, .July 4, 181(1; and 
" An Aililress to iho P. B. K. Soc. of Brown 
U." is,ii' 

Metcalfe, Ogn. Tiio]i,\s, statesman, b. 
Fauquier Co., Va., Mar. 20,1780; d. Nicholas 
Co., Ky., Auj;. 18, 1855. In his youth his 
parents emigrated to Fayette, Ky., where he re- 
ceived a few months' schooliiij: ; iKvame a 
stone-cutter at the age of 16, and devoted all 
bis leisure to study. In 1809 ihe prospect of 
a war with Kni;. occasioned his first appearance 
as a public s|ieaker; in 1813 he com. a com- 
pany at the battle of Fort Mei<;s. distinRuisli- 
ini^ himself ^'really ; and, while absent on this 
campai>rn, »as clecleil lo the legisl.. receiving 
within 13 of the entire vote of the county; 
after ser\inj; there several years, he was M.C. 
1819-29; pov. 1828-32; State senator 1S34. 
and U.S. senator 1848-9; prv-s. of the Boanl 
of Internal Improvement in 1840. He was 
the friend and follower of Henry Clay, and 
deli>:liied in the ap|H-llation, — bavin); refer- 
ence to his occupation of a stone-mason, — the 
" Old Stone Hammer." In Congress and the 
exei'iitive chuir, Gov. M. greatly disting. him- 
self by bis ability and hrniness. 

MiaDtonomO, Sachem of the Narragan- 
setls; d. Sept. 1643. He was the nephew and 
successor of Cnnonicus, and assumed the govt. 
in 16.'I6 ; making in that year a treaty with the 
Knglish at Boston. He was the friend and 
Ix-nefiieior of the ll.l. settlers, to whnm bo 
^ave their territory, in 1638 bo cutored into 



an agreement with Uncas, Sachem of t)i« 
•Mohegans, not to make war upon one nnoilier 
without Hrst ap^icaling to the Knglish. Cited 
in 1642, upon mere rumorofinlendeil hostilities, 
lo ap|>ear nt Boston before the gov. and council, 
he i>roinptly ap|>cared. di-clareil his innocence, 
and called upon the Knglish to produce bis ac- 
cusers. None apix'iiring. be was di>>miss<d 
with honor. Gov. Winthrop, in his Journal, 
testifies to the n-speet in which the ability of 
this great chief was held. The rivalrv laitwcen 
the Mohegans and Narragaiiseits, winch it was 
tlie policy of the Englisb to foment, produced 
its inevitable result. Driven by the insults and 
injuries ol the nnprineipbd Uncas. he attacked 
him, hut was defeated, and iiuide prisoner, and, 
by the advice and consent of iho Kuglish 
magistrates and ehlcrs, was exc<-uied. Bnivo 
and magnanimous, be was doubtless the most 
able of ibe Imlians of New Kngland. 

MicCOnopy (I'ondKin.). head chief of 
lhe8eniinole~; d. Fort Uibson, Ark.. Jan. 1849, 
a. ab. 63. He com. in |K-r>on at Dade's defeat, 
and with Osceola at the Onitblacoochie in 1836, 
but wii? op|K>sed to the war, and surrendered 
in Dc-c. 18)7. 

Michaux, Anubb, botanist, b. Sartory, 
near Ver.-aides, Mar. 7, 1746; d. Madaga.-^-ar, 
Nov. 1802. He devoted himself to agric pur- 
suits ; but llic early loss of his wife changed 
his career. In 1780 he made a botanical ex- 
cursion to Spain, and in 1782 to IVisia. In 
1785 he was sent to America for the purpose 
of sending out trees and shrubs for tho estab- 
lishment at liambouillet ; made liotunical ex- 
cursions in various |>arts of thcconiinent ; and 
established gardens for arboriculture at N.V. 
and at Charleston, .S.C. In 1796 he returned 
to Europe ; was shiiiwrecked on the coast of 
Holland, but saved iho trreater part if bis 
valuable colleciicm, and, on his arrival at Paris, 
found that few of the 60,000 stocks which be 
had .sent out to liambouillet had esca|>ed the 
nivages of the Revol. In 1800 he was attached 
to the exped. of Baudin to New Holland. 
Author ot •■ llisloirr ilra Cht'it-t del'Am€:iiuf," 
1801 ; and " Flora lioinili Ameiifna," 2 vols. 
8vo. 1803. His sou Francois Andre (b. 
1770, d. Oct. 23, 1855), who accomp his father 
in most of his voyages, in 1802 made, by 
onler of the French govt., a voyage to Aiiier. 
to examine the productions of the States beyond 
the Alleghanics. In 1804 ho pub. " A Jouimy 
to the West of the Alleghany .Mountains ; " to 
wliieh was added " A .Memoir on the Naiural- 
izaiion of the Forest-Trees of N. Amcr.," &c. 
In 1806 he was again sent lo collect such seeds 
as bo thought might be successfully introduced 
into France. Ills " N. Amer. Sv'lva," transU 
by Hillbouse. with notes by J. J. Smith, was 
pub. .1 voU. 8vo. I'hila. 18511. 

Middleton, Arthur, statesman of S.C, 
son of Edward (b. Twiekenliain, Eng.), a 
memlierof the council in 1680, was active in 
public afl'airs as early as 1712. Possessing 
pro|Krty and talents, he exerted all his in- 
tluence on the popular side, and in 1719 heade<l 
the revol. which sul>stituted for the proprietary 
govt, the immediate protection of the crown. 
He presiik-d over the (lopular convention, and 
was spokesiuau in tho proceedings by which 



MTD 



619 



T^^G 



the gov. was formally ileponed by the j)opular 
govt. Gov. ol the Colony from 172.') to 17.il ; 
he was afterwurd^i in the council. Hij ail minis- 
tration was marke<l by war and ni'iiotixtions 
with the Spaniard.* of Florida and the French 
of La. His son Thomas distinj;. him.self in 
1761 in com. of a provinchil rcfjt. against the 
Chcrokees. Another son, Henry, was pres. 
of Con^'res.s 177+-5. 

Middleton, Ap.thur, a simmer of the 
Decl. ui Iii.l('|.., b. at ihc family-seat on A-hley 
Kiver, 174i; d. Jan. 1, 1 788.' Grandson of 
the prccedin;;, and son of Henry. He was 
educated at Harrow and Westminster schools ; 
graduating at Cambridfje U. in 1764. After 
his marriage with the dan. of Walter Izard, he 
revisited Europe, and made a lour of two 
years on the Continent. Retnrniiifr in 1773, 
he became a plaiiter; a prominent Uevol. 
leader ; a mo.*t efficient member of the council 
of safety; and in 1776 one of the committee 
to prepare tlic State constitution ; deleijated to 
Congress in 1776-7; declined the covernorship 
of SO. in 1778; look arms in the defence of 
Charleston in 1779; saw his plantation dev- 
astated by the British ; was made prisoner 
on the fall of Charleston in 1780; his estate 
was sequestered, and he was imprisoned at St. 
Aufrustinp, and thence transferred to the Jersey 
prison-shi)) ; exchanged in July, 1781 ; he was 
again a member of Congress 1781-.3 ; and was 
afterwards in the State senate. Skilled as a 
stenographer, be took down many of the de- 
bates in which he participated. Uniler the 
signature of " Andrew Marvell " he wrote 
some effective political essays. ARTHi;n, his 
grandson (son of Henry, min. to Rus^ia). 8 
years sec. of legation in Spain, b. S.C 28 Oct. 
1795, d. Naples, Italy, June 9, 18.5.3. II. U. 
1814. Married at Rome the Countess Benti- 
voi/lio. 

Middleton, Christopher, an English 
arctic tiuvi-.itor ; d. Jan. 24, 1770. He sailed 
from lOng. in May, 1741; and, after having 
passed the winter at the entrance of Churchill's 
River in Hudson Bay, he proceeded to Wager 
River, and penetrated towards the west as far 
as 88 degrees. He then steered to the north- 
west, anil reached a bay, which he called Re- 
pulse Bay, in consequence of being prevented 
by the land and ice from making farther jjrog- 
ress. On the 9tb of Aug. he sailed back to 
Eng., where a violent controversy took place 
between him and Arthur Doblw, a gentleman 
of fortune, at whose instance Middleton had 
undertaken the exped. Further researches 
vindicated the reputation of Miildleton, who 
was, in conserjuence, j>resented with a medal, 
and elected a member of the Royal Society. 

Middleton, Henrv, statesman, son of 
Arihiir the signer, b. 1771; d. Charleston, 
S.C, 14 June, 1846. Member of the legisl. 
1801-10; gov. 1810-12; M.C. in 1815-19; 
and minister to Russia 1820-.31. A man of 
prcat liberality. His son Henry, b. Paris, 
1797 (West Point, 1815), studicl l.uv, and 
was adm. to the Cliarleston bar in 1822, but 
never practised. He pub. " The (iovcniment 
Biid the Currency," 1850, and many pamphlets 
on politics, polit. economy, &c. 

Middleton, Juun Izabd, second son of 



Arthur the signer, b. on Ashley River, 1785 ; 
d. Paris, Nov. 1849. U. of Cambridge, Eng. 
He resided at Paris during the last 25 years 
of his life, and was an intimate in the circles 
of Mmes. Do Staiil and Re'camier. His work 
on "The Cyclopean Walls" (li.l. Lund. 1812) 
shows great acquirements in claSAical literature 
and I he details of art. 

Middleton, Peter, M.D., pliysician, b. 
Scotland; d. New York, 1781. U. of Edin- 
burgh. He made with Dr. Bard, in 1750, the 
first dissection on record in America, and was 
one of the most disting. medical men in N.Y. 
in tlie middle of the last century. In 1767 he 
aided in establishing a new med. school in 
N. Y., of which he was app. first prof of physi- 
ology and pathology, and was the instructor 
in materia medica 1767-76; gov. of King's 
Coll., N.Y., 1775. In the iU>d. /if/ms., vol. ix., 
is an able letter by him on the Croup. He 
also pub. in 1769 " Historical Inquiries into the 
Ancient and Present Stale of Medecine." — 
Thnrh,;: 

Mifflin, Thomas, major-gen., b. Phila. 
1744; d. Lancaster, Pa., Jan. 21, 1800. Of 
Quaker parentage. Eilucated in Phila. Coll. 
anil in a counting-house. He visited Europe in 
1765, and, soon after his return, entered into 
partnership with an elder bro. ; and such was 
his re|)Utation and influence, that in 1772 he 
was chosen to the legisl. ; was re-elected in ilio 
following year, with Dr. Franklin; and in 1774 
was a delegate to the first Congress. App. a 
major of one of the first regis, rai.sed in Phila., 
he nccomp. Washington to Cambridge as aide- 
de-camp (with the rank of col.) ; in Aug. was 
made qmr-gen.; adj. -gan. shortly afterwards; 
brig-gen. May 16, 1776 ; maj.-g'en. Feb. 19, 
1777. He com. the covering-party during the 
retreat from L.I. ; and was active in arousing 
the militia of his State, which he traversed, 
making patriotic aildresses, and in bringing 
aid to Washington before the battles of Tren- 
ton and Princeton. In the gloomy period 
succeeding the campaign in N. J., Gen. Mif- 
flin did not attemijt to conceal his discontent, 
and, after the battle of Germantown, resigned 
his commission of qmr.-gen. on the ground 
of ill-health, but was at the same time chosen 
a member of the new board of war. He was 
one of the chief conspirators engaged in the 
Conway cabal, and continued to cherish an 
unfriendly disposition towards the com. in 
chief. In Nov. 1782 he was elected a delegate 
to Congress; was chosen pres. in 1783 ; mem- 
ber and speaker of the State legisl. in 1785 ; a 
delegate to the convention to frame the Federal 
Constitution in 1787; pres. of the supreme 
exec. council ol Pa. from Oct. 1788 to Oct. 1790; 
pres. of the convention which formed the State 
constitution 1790; from 1791 to 1800 gov. of 
the State ; and finally died a member of the 
legisl. He as.-isted in quelling the Whiskey 
Insurrection in 1794; making a circuit through 
the lower counties, publicly addressing the 
militia on the crisis of affairs. — Sint/taou. 

Mignot, Louis R., landscaijepainter, b. 
S.C. Left N.Y. City, where be had long been 
prosperously established, at the outbreak of 
the Rebellion ; and has been a successful paint- 
er in Lond. He is a remarkable delineator of 



020 



IXTTT. 



trojiical ittinusplivrv and vegrtntion. Among 
his |iiciiirv,< Hro '• The Sonrw of the Susquo 
hiintia." "Eveiiin;; in iho Ttviiios," " HullHnd 
WinierSct no," and " Southern Harvest." — 
Tu.hn,,,,,,. 

Hilburn, William Hknkt (" ihe hiind 
preacher "). an elo<]nen( clercvnmn. b. I'hila. 
N-pL 46. IS23. Ill 1827 his liither niovwl lo 
Jacksonville, III. Willjnni hud pariiallr lost 
bis sight io childhood, but was an indetatiga- 
ble stuilent, anl studied a while in 111. Coll. ; 
but at the ajre of 20 gave up from illhealtli, 
and engaged as a Meth. itinerant preacher. In 
IS46 he became chaplain to Congrv&s. where 
he was engaged for 10 sessions; in 1S4S he 
was established in Ala , first at MontgonuTV, 
afienvani at Mobile. Ue removed lo N.Y. in 
1854. and bei-ame a (lopular lei'turvr. In 1859 
lie delivered leciurvs in the principal cities of 
Eng. to crowded audiences. He subswpicntlv 
joined the Episo. Cliureh. His "Ten Years 
of IVacher-Life " was pub. 1859; " Pioneers 
and I'eoplo of the Mississippi Vailev," I860; 
• Uifle, A.\e, and SaddlcBags. ' "|8J7." — 

Miles, Dixos S.,col. V S..\., b. Md. 1803 ; 
killed at lliir|ier's Ferrv, Va., Sept. 16, 186i. 
West I'uint, 1824. Adj May, 1830. lo 1836 ; 
capt. 8 June. 1S36 ; a.s»isi. quarterm. 1839-45 ; 
brev. major fordefeneoof l-ort Brown, Mav 9, 
1&46; com. liisregL,and brev. lieut.-vol. for gal- 
lantry, at Monterey, Me.\.; inaj. 5th Inf. Feb. 
16. 1847 : military and civil gov. of .Tala{>n, 
Mex , July, 184S; com. in Gila exj)etl., and 
■listing, iu cimHicts with Indians of N. Mex- 
ico, June 27, 1857; and in several conflicts 
with Xavajocs, N. Mex., Sept. 185S; lient.- 
col. 3d Inf. Apr. 15, 1851 ; col 2d Inf. Jan. 
19, 1859. In the battle of Bull Hun ho coin, 
thj 5th division in reserve. In Sept. 1862 he 
was intrusted with the iinporiani coin, of 
Ilar|x-r's Ferry. One of his subonlinates 
abandoned Maryland Heights ; and, on the a|>- 
proach of the enemy in forve, ho surrendered 
the iwst with nearlv 12.000 men. 

Uiles, Hesrt Adolpiics, D.D. (B.U. 
1850). b. t.ralton. Ms., 30 May, 1809. B.U. 
1829. Many years sec. Anier.' L'nit. Assoc.; 
fiirmerly settled over a Unit. Church at Lowell. 
Has pub •• Lowell as it Was ami Is," 2d ed. 
1847 ; •• Genealogy of the .Miles Family," 1840 ; 
and a discourse before the A. and Hon. Art. 
Co., 5 June. 1843. 

Miles, J.tMLS W.tRLET, scholar, b. Charles- 
ton, S.C.. ah. 1819. S.C. Coll. He took 
holy or>lers, and became a missionary lo the 
East, iu-()uiring the Oriental tongues. On his 
return he became assisL tv-ctor of St. Michael's, 
Charleston, which he gave up for the profess- 
orship of Greek and history in the Charleston 
Coll. Visiting France and Germany for his 
health, he studied philology and iihilos. at 
Berlin, and, iviurning after two years absence, 
became librarian of the Charleston Coll. He 
lias contrib. vigorous articles for the Soulhrm 
liei-ific : and pub. " I'hilitsophic Theology," 
1849, and a nuinlier of addresses. He has 
also n-riiien fugitive poems of merit. — Dufc- 
kinet. 

Miles, Nelsox a., Hrcv. maj.-g«n. U.S.A., 
b. Wachusettville, Ms., 8 Aug. 1839. Ue- 



cclvcd a fair education, and nt 17 entered ■ 
store in Boston. He entitvd the service as 1st 
lieuL 32d Ms. Oct. 1861 ; was disiiiig. and 
wounded at Fair Oaks ; also di-ting. at 
Charles City Cross-Koad and at Malvern; 
acted asailj.-gen 1st brigade, Isidiv. 2d cor|>s, 
from FairOaksto llirrison's Landing; was, 30 
Sept. 1862, niailecol. 61st X.Y., which he led 
at Fredericksburg ; and was carriitl from the 
field of Chancvllorsvillc (as was supiaised) fat.il- 
ly wounde<l ; com. the 1st brig. I st div. 2d corps 
in the Kiclimond campaign of 1 864 ; was 
made brig.-gi-n. 12 May, 1864 ; and btwv. inaj.. 
pen. for gallantry at Keains's Station. Dee. 
1864 ; maj.-gen. 21 t\-t. 1865; col. 40ih inf. 28 
July, 1866; transf. to 5th Inf. 15 .Mar. 1869; 
lirev brig, and maj.-gvn. 2 .Mar. 1807. 

Miles, 1'liny, b. Watertown, X,Y., 1818; 
d. Malta, 6 April. 1865 Well known by bis 
letters from abroad under the signature of 
" Communijiuw." Was the author of " Senti- 
ments ofHowcrs;" "Statistical Kegister," 
8vo, 1848; 'Art of Memory," 8vo, 1848; 
" I{.imbles in Irv'land," 1854 ; " (Vean Stenm- 
Navigiition," 1857; "Postal Reform, iu Ur- 
gent N'ecessitT and Practicability," 1855. To 
this subjtvt >ie devotol his later years. In 
his early years he was a scho«>liuaster. 

Miles', Rii-inKD Pics, 1{. C. bishop of 
Nashville, consec. SepL 16, 1838; d. Feb. I, 
1860. 

Milfort, Le Clkrc, a French adventurer, 
who ill his yoiiih came lo Aincr. ; travclUM 
through the" Colonies, and ab 1776 attached 
himself lo MacGillivniy, the Creek chief, whose 
sister he niarrieil ; was made a war chief by 
the Indians ; and servol aciivcly against the 
patriots of Ga. during the Rcvol. In 1796, 
after having lost hisnife ami liis bi-o.-in-luw 
MaiGillivray, he reiunied to Fiance, and was 
made a gen. of brigade by Bonaparte. In 

1814 he disiing. himself by a gallant defenix- 
of his own house in Uluinis again.st a p;irtv 
of Russians, and died soon alter. He pub. 
in France an interesting memoir of his resi- 
dence among the Cre^'ks. •■ .V/our rfuns la 
Xnlini Cr,ri-."8vo, Paris, 1802. 

Millard, David, clergvman, b. Ballston, 
NY., Nov. 24, 1794. The son of a Roohi- 
lionary soldier. He was brought np on a farm, 
and iH-canie a teacher at the age of 17. In 

1815 he liecame a minister; and was scitletl in 
West Blooinfield, X. Y., IWim 1818 lo 1812; 
in Port-mouth from 1837 to 1840; vi.sited the 
MiHlilerranean and the East in 1841 : and 
was some vears a prof, in the Meudville Theol. 
School, Pa. He pul>. " 
Scr 
Anibii 

and ediied a monthly mag., the 6"«i/x/ £,iimi- 
anrv 

Milledge, Jonx, soldier and statesman,, b. 
Savannah, 1757 ; d. at the Sand Hills, Feb. 9, 
1818. He desccndol fr<>m one of the early 
settlers of the Colony ; was brought up in ih'c 
office of the king's atty. ; at the commciiceinent 
of the Revolution es|iouse<l the cause of the 
Colonies ; and was one of the party which 
made Gov. Wright prisoner, June 17, 1775 
He was at the sieges of Savannah and .Vngusta, 
served frcqucoily in the legisl.; was in 1 780 app. 



»tts suiiie .teais n piTJl. Ill llie .'leillivilte 1 neol. 

>chool. Pa. He piili. •' The Tnie .Mcssiali in 
scripture Light,' 1818; "Travels in Egvpt, 
Vrabia Pctra-a, and the IKdv Land," 18'vt; 



MXL 



621 



MIL 



atty.-?cn of the State; gov. in 1S02-6; M.C. 
1792-1802, cxcfptin;; one term; anl U.S. sena- 
tor 1800-9; pros. pro tern. 1809. In IS02lie,«irh 
.I:imp< Jac'kfon and Abraliam Baldwin, were 
Ctimniiss. for ceding to tlie U.S. certain por- 
tions of the territory of Ga. He was the prin- 
cipal fuiitider of the U. of Ga., and presented 
the land which forms its site. Hij memory 
was honored hv an act of the le^isl., calling the 
capital of the .'^tate Millcd;;eville. 

Milledolcr, Phimp, U.D., clergyman of 
the (j. K. Church, b, Karmington, Ct., Sept. 
22, 177.5; d. Staten I^land, Sept. 22, 18.52. 
Col. CM. 179.3. Of Swiss parentage, he be- 
came ili.siing. as a scholar while at Edinburgh, 
p iriicularly in the application of chemistry to 
th; pursuits of life. The Highland Agric. 
.Society having oBeied a premium of 50 sover- 
eigns for the best analysis of oats, be was the 
successful competitor. In May, 1795, he be- 
came minister of the Hef. Church ill N. Y. ; 
from 1800 to 1805 was pastor of the Third 
Prc.'.b. C'hurch in Phila ; from 1805 to 181-3 he 
officiated In the I'resb. Church Rutgers St., 
N.Y. ; in 1825-41 was pres. of Uulgers Coll., 
N. J., being prof, of moral philos. at the same 
time. He was one of the founders of the Bible 
Socic'ty ; was an industrious scholar ; and pub. 
lectures, aildressc;, essavs, and treatises. 

Miller, Rdward, XI.D. (U. of I'a. 1784), 
phvsician and medical writer, b. Dover, Del., 
9 May, 1760; d. N. Y. City 17 M.ar. 1812. 
Son of Rev. John, 43 years Prcsb. pastor of 
Dover, who il. July, 1791. He received a clas- 
sical education ; studied medicine ; was sur- 
geon's mate in the Revol. army in 1780; and 
surgeon in an armed ship in 1781-2 ; practised 
successfully in Dover, until in 1795 he removed- 
to N.Y. City, where, with Drs. Mitchell and 
Smith, he founded, in Aug. 1797, the Med. Re- 
posilori/, the first work of the kind in America, 
continued till his death. It^ conductors were 
members of a Friendly Club, which also in- 
cluded William Dunlap, Broekden Brown, 
Anthony Bleccker, and .lame-s Kent. Made 
resident physician of N.Y. in 180.3, he pub. a 
treatise ol great merit on the Yellow-Fever; 
npp. prof, of the praeticc of physic in the U. of 
NY. in .Mar. 1807, and in 1809 clinical lecturer 
in the N.Y. Hospital. He received professional 
honors from all quarters; had a large corresp. 
wiih meti of letters in l>oth hemispheres; and 
assisted his bro. Samuel in preparing his " Ret- 
ros|)ect of the 18th Century." He was a con- 
spicuous advocate of temperance, and opposed 
the use of tobacco. His medical writiuL'S, with 
a Memoir, were pub. bv his bro., S. Miller, 8vo, 
1814. 

Miller, Kl-iHtJ Spi;nckr, prof, in the Law 
School o( the U- of Pa., b. Princeton, N. J., 
1817. N J. Coll. 18-36. Son of Rev. Sainuel- 
Auilior of " Law of Partition by Writ in 
Pa.," &c., 8vo, 1847; "Caprices," a coil, of 
poems, 12mo, 1849. Editor of Serjeant on the 
Law of .Mechanics, 8vo, 1856. — .^l//(V«ne. 

Miller, G^s. Henrv, Revol. officer, b. 
near Lancaster, Pa., Feb. 1.3, 1751 , d. Car- 
lisle, Pa., Apr. 5, 1824. He studied law, and 
began practice; but, on the breaking-out of the 
war, marched to Boston as a lient. ; rose to be 
col.; performed important services during the 



campaign in N. J. ; had two horses killed under 
hitif at Monmouth ; was in many battles during 
the war; was qiiarterm.-gen. in the Western 
cx|)cd. ; and com. a brigade of miiitia for the 
defence of B-iltiinorc in the war of 1812- He 
was a merchant of Baltimore; alterwanl pro- 
thonotary of Perry Co.; and supt. of revenue 
for the dist- of Pa. 

Miller, fiF.v. Jame.'S, b. Pet-Tborongh, 
N.H., Apr. 25, 1776; d. Temple, N.II., July 7, 
1851. He was bred to thel;w; hot entered 
the army as ini'.jor 4th Inf. July 8, 180S ; app. 
licut.<ol. 5th Inf. Nov. .30, 1310; brev. eol. for 
disting. service at Brownstown, Aug. 9, 1S12, 
where hii commanded ; disting. in capture of 
Fort George, U.C, May 27, 181.3; col. 2l6t 
Inf. Mar. 9, 1814; brevet brig.-gen. for dis- 
ting. scnice at Niagara Falls, July 25, 1814; 
received aijold medal, "with suitable emblems 
and dcvic<«," presented " in testimony of the 
high sense cntertaijud by Congnss of his gal- 
lantrjrand good conduct in thesever^l conflicts 
of Niagara and Eric," Nov. .3, 1814. (iov. of 
Arkansas from March, If 19, to March, 1825; 
and coll. of the pr^rt of Salem in ls25-49. His 
son J.VME3 F., commodore U.S.N, (b. 1803, d. 
Cliarksto\vn, Ms., 11 July, 180 <), enterid the 
navy in 1 '<26, l.'carae commo. in U<66, and saw 
service in the Mexican war. 

Miller, J-kmks William, poet and miscel- 
laneous writer, d- W. Indies, 1829, a- 27- His 
early life was passed in a variety of occupa- 
tions. After studying law, he engaged in lite- 
rary pursuits in Boston, bnt went to the West 
Indies in 1828, and obtained a grant of land 
from the Spanish govt. He was for a short 
time assoc. with John Neal in the editorship 
of the Yankee, and contrib. in verse to this and 
other periodicals. A vol. of his Poems and 
Sketches was collected and pnb. at Boston, 
12int., 1830; 

Miller (" Joaqcin"), Cisciss.iTcs Hi- 
KEn, poet, has bom successively a C:il. miner, 
pro;<r. of a pony-express over the mountains, 
editor of ii Deiiioc. paper in Eugi-ne Ciu-, Ore- 
eon (his fa.'her's hoin:), atty. at law in Canyon 
City, and connty judge of Grant Co. He ni. 
ab. 1863 a young la(ly named Minnie Myrtle, 
linown as a writer of verses, from v.hom he sep. 
in 1870, and has since resided in London. A 
vol. of bis poems, " Songs of the Sierras," was 
pub. there m l!r7l. 

Miller^ Rev. John, M.A., chaplain to the 
troops in N . Y. 1 692-5. Author of " Dt«criprion 
of the Province and Cityof N.Y.,&c.,in 1695," 

Sub. London, 8vo, 1843, and, with Introd. and 
■ot"S by J. G. Shea, N.Y. 8vo, 1862. 
Miller, John, statesman ; d. near Flori- 
sant. Mo., JIarch 18,1846. Licut.-co'. 17th Inf. 
March 12 ; co!. I9th Inf. July 6, 1812 ; disting. 
in com. of detachment from the army in Fort 
Mcigs, deslroving cncmv's batteries. May 5, 
181.3 ; resigned Feb. ID, 1818. Register of pul>- 
lic land.s in Howard DLst., Mo., some vcars. 
Edited \V' KtiTH //• raf.'l, M Stcub- nvi Ic, 6., un- 
til 1825. Gov. of Mo. 1826-32 ; M.C. 1837-43. 

Miller, Samcel, D.D. (U. of Pa. 1804), 
LL.T). (Wash. Coll., Pa.), scholar and divine, 
b. Dover, Del., Oct. 31, 1769; d. Princeton, 
N. J., Jan. 7, 1850. U. of Pa. 1789. Son of 
Ber. John, a native of Boflton, who early set- 



MIL 



tliMl OS a Ptvsh. clenrvnian in Del. ; and t)ro. 
of Eilniinl Miller, MiD. From 1793 to 1S13 
he was iiiinUtiT of a Pivsb. rlititvh in N. Y. 
City, n^quirin'r mui h n'pntation a.'* a th ■o!o- 
gian anil a polemical wriiir; aiiJ in If 13— 49 
was [irof. of ect'l. hist, and cliiin h srovt. in th- 
Thool. S.-in. at Prinoton, X..I. Author of " A 
Bn\f K'tro^jH'ct of tlio Ei,:litrtnrh Cintury," 
2 vols. Svo, 1>03; "Li.ttors on the Constitu- 
tion anil Order of the Christian Ministrv," 
which ori-inutej a controv -rsv between fiiin 
and Ki'V. John Bowden on the subject. 1507; 
a di-scoursc before the N.Y. Hist. Soc., of which 
he was 9 years corr.^p. soc., on the discov. of 
N.Y. liy"lIud~on, IS09; " Memoirs of Rev. 
John Rodjers." Sro, 1813 ; " Inf.int-Bapii.-in," 
I2:iio, 1<40; " Letters on Unirarianism." Svo, 
1S2I ; "Letters on Clerical Manners and 
Habits," l!'27: " Ptvstirterianism Tnilv Prim- 
itive." &c., 12mo. 1840; "On the V-tomal 
Sonshij) of Christ." IS23; "Memoir of Rev. 
Charli-s Nesbit, D.D.." 1S40; K-.-i K^s nnuicr- 
ous occasional s nuons, and a " Life of Jona- 
than Edwards " in Spjirks's " American Biog- 
raphy." He was an early member of the Amcr. 
Pnilos. Soci tv. and a corrosp. meujber of the 
Ms. Hist. SocLtv. — A* .}ftuioiro/licv. S. MH- 
ter, hii Stmirl ^t !lrr. 1<69; Sprn^iuf. 

Miller, .''vmcel II.. app. judj^^ CS. Snp. 
Court 16 Julv, l-;62. 1>. Ri. hniond, Kv., 5 Apr. 
1S16. r. ot' Transylv. Took the degree of 
M.U., and practised mi-diciuo n f-w vears; then 
adopted the law : Ix-eame an emancipationist in 
IM'*: and in 1830 sctileil iu Iowa, where he 
be\'arae a Uepuli. l.-ider, declining; all offices, 
and atteiulinu' wholly to lii: profession. 

Miller, Stepiiex D., siat sman, b. Wax- 
haw Settlement, S.C, Mav. 1 787 ; d. Ravmond, 
Mpi., March 8, 1>^3<. iJ.C. Coll. 186''. He 
adopted the profession of the law ; was M.C. 
1819-20: nicmtvr f>.C. skMiate 1S22; gov. of 
S.C. in 1 -J>-30; and U.S. senator in 1831-3. 

Miller, Stephen FnASKS, lawyer and au- 
thor, li. N".C. In his youth he removed to Ga.; 
w:is adm. to the b:ir at 21. 8(H>n after which 
the le-^sl. e!e<.te<i him solicitor-g\ n. of the 
South rn Circuit. Engaging artcnvariU in his 
prof, in Ala., a severe iTOuchial ail'ection coni- 
pcllixl him to engage in other avoiations; and 
m 1840-7 heevUtcd the ^fonitor,tl Whig journal, 
at Tuscaloosa. In IS4S and 9 he was associ- 
ated in the editorial management of /*- liou-'s 
Rrrieir and the L)a,li/ Commn^-ial Times in N. 
Or'.cnns. His health failim:. he n-moved to 
Oplethor[H' Co., Ga. Author of " The Bench 
and Bar of Georgia," 2 vols. Svo, Plula. 1"^5S; 
" WylUins Wvlder. or the Successful Man," 
l-<60'; and a "Memoir of Gen. Dand Black- 
shear." 

Miller, Williasi. the prophet of the Mil- 
lerires, h. Piitslield, Ms.. 17S1 ; d. Hampton. 
X.Y.. D^v. 20. 1-49. nuring the last war with 
Eng. he serviil as a eapr. of vo!«. on the Xorth- 
em frontier. He bi-gan to speak in public as- 
»;ml>lies upon the subjivt of the millenniuro in 
1 33 ; a-'d for 10 years lalnm-d assiiluon>ly in 
th' Middle and Xortheni S'aies. H ■ was un- 
1^11^3'^^!; yet he succ-ciid in huildiivj up a 
fe- 1 of .-om ■ thirtr or forty thousand disciples, 
nhirh ilisaj>pearei ru>iilly nfttr the dose of the 
" day of proliation " m 1843. 



Mills, AniunAM, LL.D. (Mad. U.). au- 
thor, b. Duch.^s Co., X.Y., 17%; d. X. York 
City, 8 July, 1867. Edueateil at an ai-.-id. He 
cstablislK-d himself in Xew York, when- he was 
a teacherof and li-cturTon rhe.nrie and belles- 
lettres. Author of "En'.'lish Liuratnr.-," 1831 ; 
" Gn-ek Literature," 18.>3 ; ■' L<-clurM« on Rhet- 
oric and Bel.es-LetTrcs," 1854 ; "Compemlium 
of the History of the Ami-nt Hebrews," 1856. 
He pull, also a lixtun' on " Literature and 
Literary Men of Grxat Britain." 

Mills, Clark, sculi'ior, h. Onondaga Co., 
X.Y., Dw. 1, 1815. While a . hild. he lo»t his 
pan-nts. Ho leamL-d the tr.ide of a plasterer, 
which he followed 9 years iu Charleston, S.C. 
From the age of 22 lie manile^l>-d a taste for 
s.ulpture; and in IMS finish-d a bust of 
Calhoun, wliiih adorns theCity Hall of Charles- 
ton. His equi'Strian statue of Gi'D. J.ickfion, 
ca.st in Oct. 1852, was iimug. .Inn. 8, 18&3,and 
stands in I.afayi tie Square, Washington, near 
the President's house. During the next session, 
S50,000 was appropriated by Congn>s for a 
colossal c<|uestnan statue of Washington, to 
be executed by him : this statne, which is some- 
what largiT than 'hat of ,I;ukson, was inang. 
at WashiniTton Feb. 22, 1 860. Mr. Mills's next 
employment was theeastingof a colossal statne 
of Lil> rty, from a de-ign l>y Crawfonl ; finished 
in 1863 : it now crowns the iloineof the Cajiitol. 

Mills, KoiiEitT, en;;incer and architect of 
S.C, d. Washington, D.C , 3 M.ar 1855 Ar- 
chitect of the U S. P.O., Treiusury, and Patent- 
olhce liuildiiigs. Author of " Amor. Pharos, 
or Lisht-house Guide," 8vo. 1802 ; " Statistics 
ofS.C.,"8vo, 1826; " Atlas of S.C," fol. 1826; 
"Guide tothe Xat. E.xcc. Olhces, Washington," 
1842. 

Mills, SAJifBL John, " The Father of 
FoR'ign Missions in America," b. Torringford, 
Ct.. Apr. 21, 1783; d. at f<-a, June 18, 1818. 
Wms. Coll. 1803. Son of the eccentric c|etgT- 
man of Torringford of the same name (1743- 
1 833 ). At the'And. Theol. Se:n. ho was active 
in disseminating his ]irajc<-t. which fv...iiltcd in 
the app. of a " Board of Commissioners for 
Foreign Missions ; " in the embarkation of 
Rev. Messrs. Hall, Xo;t, .Tud.-on, Rice, and 
Newell, for Calcutta, iu Fc!>. 1812; and the 
establishment of ini-sions in Ceylon, the Sand- 
wich Islands, &c. Ord. June2l, 1815. and made 
two touts through the S<.>nthim and Western 
States with Mej^rs. Schermerhom and Smith, 
of which he pub. an account, Andover. Svo, 
1815. On his rvium he originated the Amer. 
Bible Six-iety, lonnol in X.Y. Mav 8, 1816; 
and was instnimental in the fonnation of the 
Amer. Colo-.iiiation Society, Jan. 1.1817; sjtp. 
its n^'nt to exjiloro the west coast of Africa lor 
a sniinhle .-ite for the colony, he reached its 
coast, March 12, 1818; cxplor&l tt>e coimtry; 
and embarked for the U.S.. ria En'.;lani|, Miiy 
22. but <lie<l on the passniri'- His Memoirs have 
Uxn put', by liar.lin. r Spring, D.D., Svo. 18.0. 

Mllniore, Maptis, si-ulpror, b. Boston, 
1 >*45. Enter-d Ball's sl:-.dio in July, 1 60, and 
has I nxliiceilan alio-rcli. f, "Pro-plior;"a rtat- 
liet te ot " Devotion ; " bust s ot Longlellow, Sunv- 
ner. Gi*. Tieknor, Gen. Thay. r, and an idi«l 
of " Miranda : " statues of C r>t>. Flora, and 
Pomoiu, in Uor::culcurul IL.1J, Bo-tun ; and 



Mir. 



623 



MTN- 



a monument at Furi'st Hiils, commemorating, 
by till! city of Roxbiiry, her sons who fell dur- 
ing' tlie KilK'llion. Now (1871) entra;;ed upon 
a sinii ar work for the city of Boston, to be 
plaoej on Boston Common. — Tiirhrnian. 

Milnor, James, D.D. (U. of Pa.), clergy- 
man, b. Phila. June 20, 1773 ; d. N.Y. Apr. 8, 
IS43. U.ofVa. lie studi. d law ; eomnieuced 
practice in 1794; removed to Phila. in 1797; 
soon attained a prominent position ; and was 
JI.C. in 1811-13. Orel, to the ministry in 1814; 
otiiciatixl in Pa. ah. two years; and was from 
1816 to his death rector of St. G' or-e's Chnrch. 
He wa-s an elilcimt supporter of thi- Institution 
for tha Deaf an<l DumI), and of ih-- Bilile and 
Tract Societies. lie pub. a few addresses and 
occasional sermons. — See " Memoirs of tlie 
Life of .lames Milnor," bii J. S. Stone, D.D., 
N'.Y."1843. 

Mllns, WiLLUM, teacher and dramatist; 
d. Bos;on Mar. ISOl, a. 40. He had been a 
teacher in X.Y. and Boston. Author of some 
plays. — " The Comet," "All iu a Bust'.e," and 
" A Flash in the Pan." 

Milroy, Gen. Robert H., b. Ind. ab. 
1814. Uc studied law; was adm. to the bar; 
served as capt. 1st Ind. Vols, in the Mexican 
war; entered the serrice in 1861 as brig.-gen. 
Ind. Vols. ; SL^-ed in "Western Va. under 
McClclIan and IJosecrans ; com. the forces 
engaged at Cairick's Ford ; and was app. brig.- 
gen. vols. Stpt. 3, 1861 ; he served under Fre- 
mont and Sigel, and in the 2d battle of Ball 
Run; maj.-;,'en. Nov. 29, 1862; he com. ab. 
8,000 m n at Winchester, where ho was at- 
tacked 13 June, 1863, and retreated, losing 
nearly half his foree. 

Milton, Guv. Homer Virgil, Revol. 
ollicer; d. Jeff. Co., i;a., Mav, 1822. Maj. 3d 
U.S. Inf. ilav, lc-03; lieut.-col. 6th Inf. 3 
Sept. 1810; col. 3d Inf. 15 Aug. 1813; re- 
signed 30 Nov. 1S14. 

Mina (mce'-na), X.vvier, a Spanish offi- 
cer, h. Xavane, 1789. Xcpliew of the celebrat- 
ed Sp;inisliguerilla chief; undertook to liberate 
Me.xieo, which he entered in Apr. 1817 with a 
small loree. He gained several victories, but 
was eajiture I and shot at Mexico, 11 N'()v.l817. 

Miner, Aloxzo Ames, D.D. (II.U. 1863), 
Universali-t clergyman, b. Lempster, N.H., 17 
Aug. 1814. Grandson of Charles, a Revol. sol- 
dier, who w^xs 6 h in dese. fio:n Thos. of Boston, 
1630. Brought up on a farm, and received an 
academical education ; principal of the Scient. 
and Milit. Acad. ofUnitv, X.H., 1835-9. Ord. 
June, 1839; settled at Metluien, Ms.; and over 
the 2d Churchof Lowell, July, 1842; also edit- 
ing the S!-ir of B-thliIrm ; chosen coll. of Mr. 
Bal'.ou (2d Chnrch, Boston) 1 May, 1848, 
where he still continues; since 1852,' and till 
r centtv, baa been sole pastor ; pres. of Tufts 
Coll. since July, 1862 ; a leader m antLsIav. ry 
and temperance reform, and disting. as a lec- 
turer on these tojjics. Contrib. to Rose of 
Sharon, and to the Ladies' liepositoru. 

Miner, C'hahi.es. editor and .\I.f". (1825- 
9), b. Norwich.Ct.,Feb.l,I780;d.\Vilkcslrarre, 
°a., Oct. 26, 1805. Emigrating at 19 to the 
Wyoming Vaiky, he became popular as a 
printer, ami editor of the Luzerne Fedi-ralist, 
then of the Gleaner ; was afterward assisL edi- 



tor of the Political and Commercial Register of 
I'hila. ; and subsequently, with his bro., estab- 
lished in West Chester the Vilkt'ie Record, 
where, over the signntiije of " .John Harwood," 
he made the paper very popular. He revived 
the silk-growing interest, nnl wrote the able 
report introduced by Gen. Van Rensselaer as 
chairman of the Congressional com. o:i agri- 
culture. Author of a '' History of Wyoming," 
8vo, 1845 To the Gleaner he eontrili". the cele- 
brated essays entitled " From the I)e»k of Poor 
Roliert the Scribe." 

Miner, Tiio.mas, M.D., b. Middletown, 
Ct., Uet. 13, 1777; d Worcester, Ms., April 
23. 1841. Y.C. 1796. Pres. Ct. Med. Soe. 
1834-7. He practised first at Middletown, 
and was a founder of the Yale Med. Institute, 
and of the Ct. Retreat for the Insane. In 1823, 
in connection with Dr. Wm. Tally, he pub. 
" Essays upon Fevers and other Medical Sub- 
jects ; " in 1825 he jiub. an accnunt of Typhus 
Syncopalis. Dr. Miner contrib. to the period- 
icals of the day biographical sketches of dis- 
lingaishcd physicians of Ct., medical essays, 
and translations from French medical works 
Dr. Williams has puh. his Autobiography. 

Minns, Thomas, pub. of the Mercury, 
and editor of the S.E. Palladium, 1792-1828; 
d. Bostim, 4 Apr. 1836, a. 62. 

Minor, Benjamin Blake, b. Tappahan- 
nock, Va., 1818. Educated at U. of Va., and 
Wm. and Mary Coll. (1S38). Editor of new 
editions of Wythe's " Reports," with a Jlemoir, 
and of ilening and Mumford's "Reports Sup. 
Ct. of Ap])eals." Some years editor and pro- 
prietor Suiiltiern Lit. Messrnt/er. — Allibone. 

Minor, Lucias, b. Louisa Co., Va., 1802. 
Wm and .Mary Coll. 1823. Atty.-gen. of Va. 
for Louisa Co. 1828-52. Has pub. many ad- 
dresses, &c. ; contrib. to the Soiitttcrn Lit. Mes- 
senger, &e. ; author of a large portiim of what 
relates to the civil duties of a J. P. in Davie's 
"Guide to Justici^;" added notes and preface 
to Call's " Va. Reports ; " and h is condensed 
the 4 vols, of Hening and Mumford into one, 
adding subsequent decisions and enactments. 
His best known tract, " Reasons for abolishing 
the Liquor-Traffic," had a sale of 30,000. — 
Allif'one. 

Minor, William Thomas, LL.D. (WcsI. 
U. 185.")), lawver, gov ol Ct. 1855-7 ; b. 
Stanford. Ct. ' 3 Oct. I8I5. Y.C. 1834. 8 
years in the State legisl. Consulgen. to Ha- 
vana 1864-7; judge .Sup. Court of Ct. 

Minot, George, lawyer, b. Haverhill, Ms., 
Jan. 3, 1817 ; d. Reading, Ms., Apr. 16, 1658. 
H.U. 1830. Son of Judge Stephen. After 
completing his legal studies with Rufus Choate, 
he was adm. to the Suffolk bar in Apr. 1839 ; 
opened an office in Boston, and rose rapidly to 
distinction. Editor lor 10 years of the U.S. 
Statutes at Large ; rendered valualde aid to 
Mr. Peters in the preparation of the first 8 
vols, of the statutes pub. in 1848; reported 
the decisions of Judge Woodbury ; and pub. an 
edition of the 9 vols, of Eng. Admiralty Re- 
ports in 1854. In 1844 he edited the valuable 
" Digest of the Decisions of the Sup. Ct. of 
Ms.," to which he added a Su|iplemcnt in 1852. 

— Sirroliiqy of II. U. 

Minot, GtoROE RicuAKDS, judge, and 



Mr>r 



G24 



iHRn of Utters, h. Ruston 28 Dec. 1758 ; d. 
thinr L> Jan. 180J. U.U. 1778. Adm. to the 
bar in 1781 ; pniciiM'.! law successfully in 
Boston ; clerk of the houiH; of reps. 1782-91 ; 
sec. of the lonvcniion which adopted the V. 
S. Constitution; app. jnd^'c of prohatc 1792 
for Suffolk Co. ; chief jnsticv C.C.i'. 1799; and 
judi,^! of tlio .Mnniupal Court of Uoslon, 
K*00-2. A founder of the M^. Mist. Soc., and 
editor of 3 vols, of its Collections. He deliv- 
ered the Oration at Boston 5 Mar. 1782; a Fu- 
ncril Kulo:;yon \Vashin;:ton in 1800; an Ad- 
dr»-ss 10 the Charitable Fire Soc. iu 1795; was 
the author of a " Hist, of the Insurrection in 
Ms." in 1786, and of n continuation of 
Hutchinson's " Uist. of Ms.," 2 vols. 1798- 
1802, liv>ides many fiijj;itive pieces in the mag- 
azines and newspapers. Mis son William 
(II.U. 1802) has long l)cen an eminent lawyer 
of llo>ii>n. — Ste Meiitoirin Mi. Hist. Colls, viii. 
MintO, Walter. LL.I)., maiheinaiician, 
b. Scotland, Sept. 6, 175.3; d. I'rinccton, N.J., 
Oct. 21, 1796. U. of Eilinbur;:h. He iKcanie 
tutor of the two sons of George Johnstone, 
M.P., coininiss. to this country 1778, ami with 
them travelled over Europe. He cjintc to 
Amer. in 1786, and was pnif. of math in the 
Coll. of N.J. from 1787 to 17'J6. He pub. an 
"Inaug. Addivss on the .Matbemuiical Seien- 
(»s," 1 788 ; a work staling the claim of Xapier 
as the discoverer of logarithms ; a demonstra- 
tion of the path of the new pl;iiiet ; and re- 
searches into some parts of the theory of the 
planets. 8vo, 1783. — Piiiicfton Miij. i. 38-47. 
Minturn, UootRt Rowne. luerchant and 
pliiianilir..|,ist, b. X.Y. City, Xov. 16, 1805; 
d. there Jan. 9, 1S66. He received a good etiu- 
cation, but at 14 lost his father, and entered a 
counting-house. In 1825 he was admittetl a 
(•artner in the house of Mr. Charles Green; 
and in 18.30 to the house of Fish and Grinnell, 
.-ince widely known as " Grinn.il, .Minturn. and 
Co."' He was one of the tirsj coniniiss. of enii- 
gnttion ; an originator of the .\s>ociation for 
improving the Condition of the I'oor; and one 
of the founders of St. Luke Hospital. During 
the Kcbellion, the state of his health compelled 
him to go to Europe, where all hi^ encrL-ies 
were exerted in lichalf of his country, fres. 
of the L'riion League Club until his di-ath. 

Minty, Gts. Kohi^rt H. G., b. Mayo, Ire- 
land. 4 Dec. 1831. Served in the Brit, army in 
1849-53; eniig. to the U.S., and scttletl in 
Mich.; app. lieut.-col. 3d Mich. Cav. 18ul ; 
rol. 4th. 21 July, 1862; brig.-gcn. 1804; dis- 
ting. at New .Madrid. Farmington, pursuit of 
Bragg, and in various minor engagements ; 
com. cav. hrigiide in 1863-5 ; disiing. at Stone 
River, Chiekamanga, and the Atlanta cam- 
paign ; was ill Kdpatriek's celeb, raid around 
Atlanta, ami on many other battle-fields. 

Minuit, I'lter, first gov. of New Nether- 
lands, Ui20-32 : came from Wesel, lihenish 
frnssia, ub. 1624. Uc had been deacon in the 
Walloon Churih of Wcsel, and was connecte<l 
with prominent families there. — llist. Mnn. 
Mav. ISi.s, 

Mirabeau, Boniface UtQDETTt. Vieomte 
de, yonn.:er bro. of the celebrated orator, b. 
1 754' ; d. Friburg, Oct. 1 792. Col. of the regt. 
Tourai'ie, serving under Ko' buuilx'uu in .Aluer- 



iea during the Revol. war. He wijs a mm 0/ 
wit and courage, and an opponent ot the French 
revol., but was .o bloated liy drinking as to be 
nicknamed " Barn'l illraU'au." He einignitt.'d 
in 1790, and joined the Hoyalist army on the 
Khine. His celebrated brother was the auilmr 
of •• Considenitioiis on the Order of Ciiiein- 
natus," 171*4. 

Miramon, Miuuel, a Mexican soldier, b. 
Mexico. 1830; executed as a tniitor at Quere- 
laro, Mexico, J imc 19, 1867. Son of Gen. M., 
and was educated at the ChapultC|icc .Military 
Acad. He served under Alvarez ; wa- made 
prisoiierby Comonfori, but suivecded iu making 
his esca|ie. Disiing. for courage, niiher than 
slatesinansbip, he becume the nominal leader 
of the anti lilieral and clerical party ; and at- 
tained the supreme com. of the rvvol. toiecs 
during the civil warof 1858-60. OnZuloaga'g 
retircinetit from Mexico, .Miramon iKvaiiie jux'S. 
While in this po^ition, he foreilily took posses- 
sion of a large sum of money l>elonging to 
British liond holders, and bniu'ghl alKint the 
.MonAliuonte tivaty with Spain; thus giving 
occasion lor the iiiierveution of Kng.. Frame, 
and Spain in Mexico. He was deteateil Aug. 
13, 1860, and withdrew to Spain in 1861. Af- 
ter the acccs>ioii of .Muximiliaii, his iniition to 
return was finally granted ; and, joining the 
emperor, he was placet! iu lii;;h eoniinaud. 

Miranda, F'rancisco, a Sp.mish-.Amcr. 
revoluiloni^i, b. tianieits, of which pro\i..ce 
hi> grandl.itlier w:us gov., al>. 1750; li. Cadiz, 
S|Kiiii. 181 6. At 20 he travelled on fool ilirou;:h 
a great [wrtioil ol AmcricM, and was alterwards 
K col. in the corps destined to act wiili our 
French auxiliaries iu the Kevol. war. Vi-it- 
ing the U.S. in 1783. be afterwards travelled 
on loot through Eng., France, Italy, and Spain. 
After an alxntive attempt to tree the Guati- 
iiialans from the Spanish yoke, be Hed to Eu- 
rope, presented bis re»ol. projects to various 
courts; and in 1789 Catharine of Unssia en- 
deavored to engage him in her service. Con- 
necting himself with the Giroiidi'.ts at Paris in 
1792, he was sent on a ml-.-ion to Eng. ; was a 
gen of division, and setond in com. in the urmy 
of Dumouriez : and acquired higii repute as an 
cngineerand tactician at the siege ol .Maestriclit 
and the battleof Neruimle, but w.is iiiipiisoned 
in conswiuence of his intrigues. Liberated in 
July, 1794. he was aftcrwani onlerid to leave 
France, but. returning, was in 1797. andai:.iin 
in 1804, expelled the country. In 1 806-1 F ho 
was cngagetl in revol. projects in America, and 
iu 1811 endeavored to establish a lon^ular 
govt, at Caracas. Aided by citixens of Enir. 
and the U.S., he was gaining ground, wlicn iiis 
plans were ruined by inte-iine disputes. Es- 
caping to I'arthagcna, he was dcliveivd by Boli- 
var to the Sfuiuianls, and passed the n'm'ainder 
of his days in a dungcun at Cadiz. He |ios- 
scssed great energy and sagueity ; wa.1 bold, 
aciive, intelligent, and full of resources. — Sre 
IJIstnn/ i.fhis Atlfm/it, ((t.. Boston, l2ino. 1803. 
Missi'OOn, John S , coinmo. U. S. N., b. 
S.C. 1810; d. Boston, 23 Oct. I8G5. ,\;id~h. 
27 June. 1824; lieut 31 Dec. 18.33; com. 14 
Sept. IS.'io ; coinnio. 16 July, 1802 ; oF\ln. offi- 
cer at ihe liostuii Xavy-Yard 1862. 
Mitchell, liE.N. U'aviu, Kevol. officer, b. 



625 



ISITT 



1742; <i. Jamaica, Cumh. Co., Pn., 25 May, 
1818. lie WHS 11 soldier in Bouquet's expeJ. 
I7C4; was ihe friend of 1 lie Indian chief Lo;,'nn ; 
was in 27 Imlian encounters ; and was 2.3 times 
a representative in the I'a. legisl. 

Mitchell, Daviu Bhadib, lawyer and 
statesman, b. Scotland, Oct. 22, 1766 ;' d. Mil- 
led-eville, Ga., Apr. 22, 18.37. His uncle I)r. 
David Bradie, made prisoner at Savannah, d. 
from close confinement in a prisonship, leavin;; 
his property to Mitchell, who arrived at Savan- 
nah in 1783 to take possession. lie studied 
law; was in 1795 elected solicitor-geii. of Ga. ; 
was in 1796 a member <jf the legisl. ; in 1804 
ticcame maj.-gen. of militia; and was gov. of 
the State in 1809-1.3 and 1815-17; afterwards 
agent to the Creek Indians, with whom, Jan. 
22, 1818, he eoncludcil a treaty. 

Mitchell, OoNALO GnA.NT, nuthor, b. 
Norwich, Ct., Apr. 1822. Y.C. IS41. His 
father was pastor of the Cong, church at Nor- 
wich, and his grandfather was Stephen Mix 
Mitchell. After jia.-sing 3 years on a farm, he 
travelled extensively in Kurope, returned home, 
and conimenced the study of law in New York 
in 1846; and in 1847 pub., under the pseudo- 
nynie of " Ik Marvel," " Fresh Gleanings," giv- 
ing his reminiscences of European travel. He 
spent several of the eventful months of 1848 in 
Paris and its environs, lecording his experi- 
ences In "The Battle Summer," N.Y. 1849. 
Ilis satirical work, "The Lorgnette," was piib. 
in 2 vols. 1850. In the same year appeared 
his most popular work. " The Reveries of a 
Bachelor;" and in 1851 his "Dream-Life." 
In 185.3-5 he was U S. consul at Venice. On 
his return, in 1855, he settled on his farm near 
New Haven. His other works are, "Fudge 
Doings," a satire on American fa-^hionable life, 
1854 ; " My Farm of Edgewood," 1863 ; " Wet 
Days at Edgcwood." 1854; "Seven Stories," 
1865; "Doctor Johns," 18G7; " Rural Stud- 
ies." He has delivered several agric. ad- 
dresses and lyceum lectures, and is engaged 
in writing the History of the Republic of Ven- 
ice. 

Mitchell, Elisha, D.D. (Ala. U. 18.38), 
chemist, I). Washington, Ct., Aug. 19, 1793; 
lost his life on the Black Mouniain. X C., June 
27, 1357. Y.C. 1813; tutor there in 1816-18. 
In 1817 he was clccied prof, of mathematics in 
the U. of N.C. ; and in 1825 was transferred to 
the chnir of chemi-try. In 1821 be was ord. 
iiy the [iresbytery of Orange, and w:is an able 
preacher and biblical scholar. He was for 
some time State surveyor, and made a geolog. 
and tupog. explor.ition of its tcrriton' ; con- 
tril). to the .loiiniiil o/' Scii-nce. 

Mitchell, Jons. M.I)., F.U.S., botanist, 
b. ICng. ; (I. there Mar. 1768, He came to 
Ainer. nb. 1700; settled at Urbana, Va. ; and 
returned to Eng. ab. 1748. He paiil particular 
attention to hybrid productions, and transmit- 
ted much valuable information concerning 
plants to Linnxus, who perpetuated liis name 
by the " Mitrhilla repens." Besides papers 
in the Philos. Trans., he pub. a work on Bot- 
any, 4to, 1 769 ; and is the suppo-ed author of 
the map of N.A., pub. in 1755, pref. to a pam- 
phlet, " The Contest in America." Some of 
his papers, including one on the Yellow-Fever 
40 



in Va. in 1737-42, are in the Med. and Philos 
I2i;i. vol. iv. — Tlidc/ier. 

Mitchell, John, Cong, clergyman, and 
author, b. Chester, Ct., Dee. 29, 1794; d. 
Stratford, Ct., Apr. 28, 1870., Y.C. 1821. He 
studied 9 months at And. Theol. Scm. ; edited 
the Christian Spertaior in 1824-9; began to 
preach in Newtown, Ct. ; was pastor of the 1st 
Church in Fairhaven, Ct., from Dec. 18.30 to 
Dee. 6, 1836, and from that time till 1842 
of the Edwards Church, Northampton, Ms. 
He pub. " Principles and I'ractice of the 
Cong. Churches of N. Eng.," I6mo, 1838; 
"Notes from Over Sea," 2 vols. 8vo, 1844; 
"Scenes and Characters in College," 12mo, 
1847; "My Mother, or Recollections of Ma- 
ternal Influence;" " Rachel Kell ;" and " Prac- 
tical Church- Jlember," 1835. He also pub. 
occasional sermons and contrib. to periodicals 
and newspapers. 

Mitcbel, John, an Irish adventurer, b. Co. 
Derry, 1815. He was for a time ussoc. editor 
of the Dublin Sution, and then of the United 
Irislimaii, which, however, was soon su;>pressed 
by the Briii.-h govt. ; and Mitehel was b inished 
for 14 years to Australia. He cscapid in 1 854 ; 
came to New York ; afterward edited the South- 
em Citizen in Tenn. ; and, during the Rebel- 
lion of 1861-5, edited the Richmond Exam- 
iner, one of the most virulent and scurrilous of 
the Secession journals. 

Mitchell, John Keabsley, M.D., phy- 
sician, b. Slicpherdstown, Va., May 12, 1796; 
d. Phila. Apr. 4, 1853. U. of P.i."l819. He 
made 3 voyages to China as surgeon, and set- 
tled in Phila. in 1822. In 1824 he lectured on 
the Institutes of Medicine and Physiology in 
the Phila. Institute; in 1826 he acce])ted the 
chair of chemistry there; and in 1833 lectured 
in the Franklin Institute on Chemistry applied 
to the Arts. Iti 1841 he was called to "the chair 
of the theory and practice of medicine in the 
Jeff. Med. Coll. liis .services during seasons 
of pestilence, in the city hospital of Phila., were 
twice rewarded by municipal gifts. Author of 
" Indecision and other Poems," 1839 ; " Popular 
Lectures on SeientiKc Subjects," which were 
translated into several foreign languages; and 
left a work, " On the Cryptogamous Origin of 
Malarious and Epidemical Fevers," and many 
valuable contribs. to the American Journal of 
the Medical and Physical Sciences. A collec- 
tion of his essays, including a valuable paper 
on Animal Magnetism, was pnb. in Phila. 1858. 
— Ajiphlim. 

Mlitchell, Jonathan, minister of Cam- 
bridge, Ms., frotn Aug. 21, 1650, to his d. Jit'y 
9, 166S; b. Halifax, Eng., IG24. H.U. 164,'. 
liis latlier Matthew brought him to N.E. in 
1635. Soon alter his settlement, he had a con- 
troversy with Pres. Dunster upon pedol>aplis;:i, 
which occasioned hia removal from college ; he 
was a member of the synod at Boston in 1 662, 
the result of which was cliiefly written by bim; 
and w.is frequently called to eccl coanciis Ho 
possessed a retentive memory, and was a fer- 
vent and energetic preacher. He pub some 
occasional pieces : a vol. of his sermons was 
pub. Lond. 1677, 8vo. 

Mitchell, Bi.vRiA, astronomer, b. Nan- 
tucket, Aug. 1,1818; a member of the Society 



:\nT 



626 



MIT 



sf Fri' nds. From her fathrr Wm. (who d. 

8 Ajir 1869, n 75) sIk- lUrived a fondni-ss for 
asironomy, and K'cnmc of niaieriiil assistanc 
to liiiii ill tliis |>ar-uit, to which hi' was divut- 
cd; »lic pave much time to ihc examination 
of nelmhc, and ihc wanli fur comets; Oct. I, 
1SJ7, eho discov' nd a telescopic comet, for 
•rlii h she reci-ived a j.'old medal fn>m the Kin;; 
of D' iiiiiark ; she \\a< nfterw.inis employed in 
oli.-enaiious eoiin>rte<l with the coa-t-survey, 
and in thccominlnlion of the nautical almanac 
^ille is a meintv r of the Ameriean Assoc for 
the Advancement of Seii'iic", and at^o of the 
Acad, of Arts and Seienccs, Uinj; the tir-t 
femiile ndiiiittcd to iliat IkmIv; upp. prof, of 
n,-tronoiny at Vassar College soon after its 
op 'nin'.; in 1 865. 

Mitchell, XinrM, jndgc, h. E. Bride<>- 
n-.i-r, yU, Feh. 12, 1769; d. Aug. 1. IS53. 
II.U. 17*9. Ho taught si-hool, studied law, 
W.V5 admitted to the bar in 1792, and settled in 
the prae-ico of the law in his native j)laco. 
From I S 11 to 1 S2 1 he was jud^-c of the circuit 
C C. F , and the two last yeare chief justice ; 
from 179^ to l,-*12reprcsent"ati\'cin the llenenl 
Court; M.C. 1803-5; Siatc senator 1«13-U; 
memlicr of the exec, council in 1814-20; state 
treasunr in 1S22-7; and in 1839-40 State 
re^n-seiit.itivc from Boston, where h" then re- 
sided ; ap;i. one of the eoiiiniiss. for settlin;r 
the lionndary-lines betw^^ n Ms. and U I., and 
arterwanls for fettan;^ th' line lH'iwe.'a Ms. and 
Ci. ; was cliKinnan of ihe commiss. for ex- 
plorin;.; and surwying t!ie i-onnrn,- from Bos- 
ton to .Vlli.my for a riiilroail route, I .s27 ; and 
was libr. riaii and tn-a.-nnr of tlic Ms. Hist. 
Soc; ho was also .'cveral years pre*, of the 
Bible Soci.'ty in Plynioiiih Co. He puh. a 
inscorv of B;idg»w.ifer, Ms., 1840, 8vo; and 
a vol, of sacrd music, entitled " The Bridgo- 
wai r Coli'ciion." 

MltCbel, I't.N". OnMSDT M-VCKxiGHT, 

LL D. (Ham, Coll. I!^5G). astronomer, b. 
Union Co., Kv.. Aug. SS, IStO; d. Beaufort, 
SC. Oct. 30," 1S62. West Point, 1829. He 
received his early education at Ldianon. O. ; 
assist, prof of mathematics at West Point in 
1829-31 ; then studi -il law, and practised at 
Cincinnati nntil 1 834 ; and was prof of mathe- 
maiica, pliilos., and astronomy, in Cincinnati 
Coll., in 1834—44. In 1845 he projKi-ied the es- 
tablishment of an obsi HMtory at Cincinnati, 
of which, when built, he liwnme dirvx'tor. Ho 
vi.sit'd I.ond., Pari-, and Munich, for the re- 
quisite' apparatii-s. Adj -g<"n. of Oliio 1847-8, 
chief ea'jiui'er Ohio ami Mni. Railroad 1848- 

9 and i 852-3. In 1 ••50-6 1 he was dinx'tor of 
the Uudlev Olsenatory at Albany. He was 
very popular na an nstronoiiiieal leeiiin'r, and 
prrf.'Ct d instruments tor rwonling right asct,-n- 
tlons nn 1 declinations hy cU'Ctn>niajnetie aid. 
an 1 lor the . ccunite mi'iiscrvment of large dif- 
ferences of d' clina'ion. Aug 9, 1861, he was 
ni.ide hri'T.-gen of vols., and ordinxi to the 
dvnt, of the Ohio; after the capture of Xash- 
villc, he m ule a t'i>rt"(l march soiithwani, seized 
the railroad l>etwe.n Corinth and Chattanooga, 
captnr.'d Hun's^nlle, and occupied various 
points in Northern Ala., for which he was 
nnde nmi -g"!! Apr 11,1.^62; Sept 17 he was 
ffiade OQin of the dept of the South, and was 



making prv pamtions for a Ti);poroDa campaigc 
when he fell a victim loyellow-fi'Vcr. He pub. 
"Planetary und Sie'lar Worlds;" "Popular 
Astnnomv;" "A Th'SiL-k' on Algebra;" 
"Astnjnoinv of the Bible," 1863; "Ihe Oris 
of Heaven,'* 8vo, 1851. July 1, 1846, he b. - 
gan and continued for two years a periodical 
entitli d the Sidirral Mrstriit)er. 

Mitchell, Gen. Robert B , gov. Xctv 
Mexico since Xov. 1865. I> Richland Co., O., 
1828. Wash. Coll , Pa. Ho studied law, and 
wasadiu. tothe bar. Sen-<'<l as Ut lieiit of Oh'o 
Vols, in the Mexican war ; atlenrard rramiM d 
his profession; removed to Kansas in 1856, an I 
toot an active part with the lhx--«tate men in 
their struggle with the proslaverj- party ; he 
was in th- Terr legi-1 in 1857-8; tr^a-unr 
from 1858 to IS6I ; adj.-g<'n. 1860-1 ; col. i-d 
Kansas Vols., and .si'venly wounded at Wil oil's 
Cn-ck, and soon aft»r raist'd a rcgi of cavalrj- ; 
hrig.-gen. Apr. 8, 1862, and pl.ncid in com. of 
the 13th divisi.m of (iin. Buell's army; and 
fought at Perry ville, 8 Oct. 1862. 

Mitchell, Samiel AcGisTfR, p-ogra- 
pher,b. Ct. 1792; d.Phi:a.Dec.20, ISe''. Some 
vears of teaching led hi;n to prepare l>ettcr text- 
books of gi'ography than those in use; and his 
text-liooks, mai>s, and tn .itiscs becanv- st.imlanl 
aiithori;! s. He nl-o puh " Gen ni! Vi. w of 
th" World." 8vo, 1846; "-Vmerican Traveller;" 
." Univeival Atlas," 1851. His various works, 
24 in nuinlvr, nachetl an annual sale of over 
400,000 copies. 

Mitchell, S. Weir, M D (JelT Med Coll. 
1850), phv,;iei:in, son of Dr. J. K Mi ihe!l, b, 
Phila. ISF.b. 1829. Panicularly kiio vn l.y 
his nscaix;h s n'i^n-cting the venom of serjvnts. 
pull, in the Smiinsonian Cimtrils , an'\ in 'he 
Memoirs of the Pldios S cie'y ; also "Re- 
seanh 's on the Phvsioloi^vof theCeri'liellnm," 
in Aimr. Jmir. .1/ (/. .n'oV.ic., Apr (.""GO He 

J mil., with Drs Keen and Moivhonse, "Ht- 
eets of ( ainshot Wounds." &c , 1864 ; " Anat 
and Physiol of Rispir.ition in the Cii< Ionia." 
in Smithsonian '''ufnA* , vol 13; and "Five 
Es.says on the Crkpto'.;amoiis Origin of Ma- 
larious and Epidemic Fevers," l2mo. 

Mitchell, SThiiiis Mi.\, Ll,.n. (Y.C. 

18ii:).jiirist. h. Wether-fied, Dec. 20.1743; d. 
there Npl.. 30. 18)5. V,C. 1761, Hewasiiitor 
in the coll. 1706-9; roinnieneid the pr.niiix- 
of law in Welherslield in 1772; was app. assoc. 
jud-eof the llartfiird Co. Conn in 1779; in 
1790 W'ls mnile pres. judge of that court ; in 
179.^ judge ol the Sii|iei'ior Court nf Ct. ; eliiif 
justice of tlint court from 1807 liM I8i4; 
delcg. to the I Hit Congress in I7S3, "85 ; 1'.^, 
senator 179-3-5; and c~talili«hcd in ihni Imilv 
the title of Ct. to the " Western Reserve." 
Ohio. 

Mitchill, SASirEL Latham, M.D. (I', of 
Eihnl. I78ti). I.I..D., scientist, b, N. Hemn- 
seal, 1,1, 20 Aug., 1764; d N. Y. City. 7 
Sept. 18!1. He began hi« meilieal .studies wiih 
his mnternnl unc'e Dr. S. Latham, and Dr. 
I!;inl iifXY. After studying law, he w.is in 
1788 a commiss. to treat witli the Iro<)i!ois In- 
dians for the jinrchaso of lands in Western 
NY.; was a meinlicr of the N.Y. legi>l. in 
1790 ; and in 1792 liecanie pmf of chcniisiry, 
nat. hist., and philois., in Col. Coll.; in 1T93-4, 



]vnT 



627 



m:on" 



with R. R. Livingston and Simeon De Witt, 
liL- Ibcmile'l tlie Sue. lor tho I'roinoiion of Ai;ri- 
ciiliiirc, Miiniifactiires, and tlie Useful Arts; 
;i:id in 1 r'Jfi puli. a re|)ort of his tour alon^ the 
banks of the Hii<l-on, establishing his fame 
hure and in Kurope ; in Au;r. 1797, with Drs. 
E. Miller and K. II. Smith, he established the 
qnarierlf .!/«/. i?f/»siV(/r//, which he edited 16 
VLMrs. Again a member of the legisl. ; M.C. 
'1801-4 and 1S10-I3; and U.S. senator 1804- 
; prof, of nat. hist, in Coll. of Physicians and 
Siiriieons 1808-20; of botany and materia 
nK-ilica 1820-6 ; and in 1826-30 was vice-pres. 
o( the Rutgers Jlcd. School; in ISl.'i, he, with 
Drs. Ilosack and Hugh Williamson, founded 
the X.Y. Literary and Philos. Sue. He had 
great learning and a remarkable memory ; en- 
larged the boundaries of natural science ; was 
an earlv friend of Kultun, whom in 1807 he ae- 
comp. in his first steamboat-trip on the Hud- 
son ; was an active member of most of the 
leirned societies of Europe and America, and 
a contrib. to their "Transactions;" and was 
frequently the orator at the anniversaries of 
those of his own city. His eccentricities were 
satirized in the poems of " Croaker and Co." 
by llalleck and Drake. Among his writings 
arc "<)bservations on the Absorbent Tubes of 
Animal Bodies," 1787; " Nomenclature of the 
New Cliemistrv," 1794 ; "Present State of 
Learning in the Coll. of N.V.," 1794; "Life 
of Tammany," 1795; "Synopsis of Chemical 
Nomenclature," 1801; " History of the Botani- 
cal Writers of America," in N.Y. liisl. Colls. ; 
and treatise on the Fishes of N.Y., in the 
Trans, of the N.Y. Lit and Philos. Soc. ; be- 
sides addresses, &c. — Grosses Med. Blog. 

Mitre, B.^rtholomew, president of the 
Aigentine Republic 1862-8, b. 26 June, 1821. 
Spent some years in Peru and Chili as a juur- 
n ilist ; and, returning to Buenos Ayres, held 
oiiiccs under Obligado and Alsina, and disting. 
himself as an orator in the Assembly. He led 
the insurrection against Gen. Rosas in 1851; 
cum. of the forces of Buenos Ayres in 1852; 
liecame minister of war in 1859 ; led the army 
against Urquiza, and lost the battle of Cepeda, 
(jet. 2'3 ; made gov. of Buenos Ayres in May, 
1860; and July 9 brig.-gen. ; Sept. 17 he 
gained the battle of Pavon over Urqniza ; re- 
ceived the adhesion of the province of Cordova, 
and entered Rosario with 12,000 men. Presi- 
dent Derqui, being powerless between the two 
generals, abdicated; a few months later, Mitre 
made a treaty with Urquiza, leaving him the 
govt, of the province of Entrc Rios ; and was 
arp. prov. gov. of the Arg. Repnb. Oct. 1861. 
Pie opened the 9ih provincial legisl. at Buenos 
Ayres 1 .May, 1862; and was unanimously 
cl-uEcn pres. 5 Oct. 1862. 

Molina, Felipe, statesman of Central 
Anuriia, son of Pedro, b. Guatimala, 1812; 
d. Washington, D.C., Feb. 1, 1855. He was 
a member of the liberal party, and had held 
several political offices ; but, fortune having de- 
cided against the party of Federation, Molina 
ami his father took refuge in Costa Rica. In 
1848 he was app. cnvoy-cxtr. to Nicaragua; 
was suliscquenily sent in the same character to 
Kn;r . France, Spain, Rome, and the Hanseatic 
tovns; and, while accredited to the U.S., nego- 



tiated a commercial treaty. He pub. in various 
languages sketches of CostJi Rica, and reports 
respecting the boundary and navigation ques- 
tions between that republic and Nicaragua. 

Molina, Giovanni Ignazio, naturalist, 
b. Chdi, 1740, lived many years at Bologna; 
d. 1829. Author of " Essav on the Natural 
History of Chili," 1782 ; and' a " Civil History 
of Chili," 1787, transl. "by an Amer. gentle- 
man " (Alsop), and pub. at Middlctown, Ct., 
8vo. 1808. 

Molina, Pedro, an able writer and states- 
man, b. Guatimala, 1777; d. ab. 1850. He 
advocated by his writings constitutional prin- 
ciples in Central America before the assertion 
of the independence of his country; was one 
of the leaders of the liberal party, and a strenu- 
ous supporter ot reforms and free institutions 
during a long and active life. He was one of 
the first members of the national executive in 
1823; in 1825 he was ambassador of the U.S. 
of Central America to Colonibi.i, where he 
signed a treaty of alliance between the two 
countries; in 1826 he was the representative 
of Central America in the Congress of Pana- 
ma; in 1829 gov. of Guatimala; in 1832 and 
1833 sec. of foreign affairs; and in 1848 
dept. to the const, assembly. He was disting. 
as a physician, politician, and poet. For many 
years he was pres. of the medical faculty, anil 
chief director of the U. of Guatimala. 

Momberger, William, artist, b. Frank- 
fort-on-the-.Main, 1829. Son of a merchant, 
and was well educated. He took lessons in 
art of Jacob Becker of the DusseUlorf school ; 
and, having taken part in the rev(d. of 1848, 
was obliged to leave Germany ; came to N.Y., 
and became a skilful cliromo-lithograi)her. He 
afterward gave his attention to the illustrating 
of books, and erected a studio at Morrisania. 
Among his paintings is " Sugar-loaf Moun- 
tain." near Winona, Wis. 

Monagas, Jose Tadko, a Venezuelan sol- 
dier, b. alj. 1 786 ; d. Nov. 18, 1868. He fought 
under Bolivar for S. American independence 
with disting. bravery and talent. His services 
having been ignored by Paez. pres. of Vene- 
zuela, he headed an insurrection, which was 
quelled ; a second ambitious attempt against 
Vargas meeting a similar fate. Elected pres. 
in 1846, he overthrew the constitution in 1848; 
drove Paez into exile; and was dictator 11 
years, and until overthrown by a successful 
rcvol. in 1859. He led the insurrectionary force 
which overthrew Pres. Falcon, and assumed 
the office of provis. pres ; but died belbre he 
could lie elected to the supreme office. He 
was remarkable for his soldierly qualities, and 
possessed great wealth. 

Mouck, Charles Stanley, viscount, 
gov. -gen. of British N.A., b. Templcmore. 
Ireland, 10 Oct. 1819. Educated at Trinitv 
Coll., Dublin. Called to the Irish bar in 184l'; 
succeeded his father as 4th viscount in 1849 ; 
entered ]iarliament in 1852; was«a lord of the 
treasury in Palmerston's administration 185.')- 
7; and in Oct. 1861 was made srov.-gen. ; 
re-app. gov. of the " Dominion " of Canada, 
June, 1867 ; resigned Nov. 1868; made a peci 
of the United Kingdom in 1866. 

MODCkton, Gen. Uodest, gov. N. Y' 



MON 



628 



MON 



i:i"i2, b. Eng. ; d. M«y 3, 1782. Son of John, 
fiiM Viacuunt Galway. He begnii hi* milimry 
career in Flamlcn in 1742, and wiu nt Dcitin- 
gin and in oihiT engngenicnls. Lieut. -col. 
47th, Feb. 28, 1750; stationed at Halifax in 
17.'>3, he suppressed the riota among the (icr- 
mans at Lunenburg; was gov. of Annapolis 
Roval in 1754 ; in June, 1753, com. at the re- 
dnctiun of Bi-auscjour and other French posts 
at the Isthmus; lie»t.-;;ov. of Xova Si-oiia 
1756; in 1757 made lii'ut.-col. 60th (Uuv. 
Ainer.), and attached to Louilon'sarmv ; com. 
a bati. at the siege of I<»uisburg niider Am- 
herst in 1758; and in 1759 as brig.-^'en., and 
second ill <om. under Wolfe at the capture of 
(^uehec, was severely wounded, and made col. 
17tli Foot; niaj. yen. 1761 ; lieut.-gen. 1770. 
He com. the cxped. which captured Mariinico 
in Jan. 17ii2; was made gov. of Berwick in 
1766; of Portsmouth in 1778, and represented 
it in iiarliiiinent. Offered a com. in the Amer. 
war, he deelineil to draw his sword against the 
Americans. A bro., Hon. Hesrt, who had 
no such scruples, wa.s a lieut.-col. of grenadiers, 
was shot through the body at Long Island, and 
ki led at the battle of Monmouth, June 28, 
1 7:8. 

Moncrieff, Col. James, killed in a sally 
made by the French from Dunkirk, Sept. 7, 
17'.i3. Eldest son of James, of the county of 
Fife. Educated at the Military Acad, at 
Woolwich ; and was a capt. of engrs. in X.Y. 
in 1776 ; disting. himself at the siege of Savan- 
nah ; and, for his important services on this 
occasion, received a " generous donation from 
his royal master," and the commission uf lieut.- 
col. Sept. 27, 1780. Ho planned the works in the 
siege of Charleston in 1780, and was warmly 
ciimmendcd by Sir H. Clinton for skill anil 
good conduct. 

Monette, Jons Weslet, AI.l)., author 
of :i " llistorv of the Discovery and Settle- 
ment of the Valky^f the Mpi.," 2 vols. 1848 ; 
d. .\Li.lison Parish, Ta., Mar. 1, 1851. 

MoniS, JiDAit, Hebrew insir. at H.U. 
from 1722 to 1761, b. Italy. Feb. 4. 1683 ; d. 
XorthlmroHgh, Sis., Apr. 25, 1764. Embni- 
ciUL' Chrisiianitv, he wa< baptizetl at Cambridge 
in 1722. He pub. "Truth, Whole Truth, 
Xothini; but the Truth," 1722 ; and a Hebrew 
Gnimmar. 4to, 1735. 

Monroe, jAjits, 5th pres. of the U.S., 
b. on the Potomac. Westmoreland Co., Va., 
Apr. 28, 1758; d. N'.Y. City,Jiily4.I8;i. Wm. 
and .Mary Coll. 1776. Son of Spciicc Monroe, 
a jilaiiter. lie was descended from one of the 
Hrs[ patentees of the Province. At 18 he 
joine.1 the patriot army as a cadet in Mercer's 
legt. ; was engaged at the battles of Harlem 
and White Plains ; and nt Trenton received a 
bullet-wound, whirh scarred him for lite. Pro- 
moted to a Ciiptaincv for bravery, he in 1777-8 
acted as aide to Ix)iil Stirlini; ; and was disting. 
nt the battles of Brandywino, (lermantovvn, 
and Monmoiith. In 1 778 he studied law under 
Jert'erson, but performed im|>ortant military 
services when V'a. was invaded. As military 
commissioner for Va., be in 1780 visitcil the 
Sontheni army under Do Kalb. In 1782 he 
\va- a member of the State Assembly ; soon 
Blier was one of the e.xec. council ; and in 1783- 



6 a delegate to Congress ; in 1796 he became 
a member of the legisl. ; and In 1788 a delegate 
to the State Convention to adopt the Constl 
tution, which he op|>osed ; from I7'J0 to 1794 
he was a U.S senator, and an opponent ol 
Wa-shiiigton's adniinistruiion. He was then 
app. minister to France, but was rifallcil in 
1796. Having incurnd the censure of the 
administration for not vindicating at the FrLiieh 
court the British treaty, he pub. (8vo, 1798) 
the whole corresp., with lOO pages of prelimi- 
nary observations. From 1799 to 1802 he was 
gov. of Va ; in 1802 he was app. envoy-exira. 
to France, and was a piir;y to the purchase of 
La.; in 1803 he was app. minister to Kng. ; 
in 1805 he was associated with t'. C. Pimkney 
in a negotiation with Spain ; and in 1807, wiih 
William Pinkney, he negotiated a coininercial 
treaty with Eng., which JeH'er-on ri'jceied be- 
cau.se it did not provide against impie?sment. 
licturning home in 1908, he was again elected 
to the State Assembly in 1810; was gov. in 
1811; was sec. of state from Nov. 25, 1811, 
till his inauguration as pres.. Mar. 4, 1817, 
having also officiated as sec. of war from Sept. 
27, 1814, to Mar. 2, 1815; and was re-elected 
pres. in 1821. In May-Xov. 1817 he made a 
tour of inspection of ourffonticrdefenivsfrom 
Portland to Detroit, the results of which were 
pnli. 8vo, 1818. His administraiion was ener- 
getic, harmonious, and prosperous ; the army 
and navy were strengthened ; surveys and 
plans of fortitications were made ; the cession 
of Florida from Spain was obtained ; the in- 
depemlenl States of S. Aiiier. were recogniiul ; 
and the liold declaration, known as the " .Mon- 
roe Doctrine," was imulc to the world, — that 
European interference in respect to American 
States would not be tolerated. Vigorous ef- 
forts were also made to suppress the slave- 
trade ; pensions for the Kevul. soldiers were 
voted ; and an acknowledgment was made of 
the great services of l.atayette. In 1831 he 
quitted his residence in Loudon Co., Va.. and 
took np his abode with his son-in-law, Samuel 
L. Gouverneur. His wife, the dau. of Law- 
rence Kortwright.d at his residence in Luiidon 
Co., V»., Sept. 23. 18.)0. 

Montagu, George, ailmiral, b. Dec. 12, 
1750; d. Dec. 24, 1829. Edest son of Adm. 
John Educated at the Uoyal Xaval. Acad. 
Having attained the rank of post captain in 
1773, he was employol at the commencement 
of tho American war in blockading the jions 
of Mnrblehead and Salem. He eovereil the 
embarkation of the army nt the evacuation 
of Boston ; assisted in the evasion of Lord 
Dunmore and family, and nt the taking of X.Y., 
where his vessel, "'riie Fowcy," was stationed 
by U)rd Howe as the advaiu%-d ship ; was in 
1794 promoted to a Hag; in 1801 made a full 
admiral. 

Montcalm, Marquis de, Lofis Josepr, 
SAtsT VtRv.v. a celebrated French ^-eu., b. 
near Xismes. 1712; d. Sept. 14. 1759. De- 
scended from a noble family of Kouergue. 
After receiving a careful education, he entere<l 
the military service in his 15th year; disting. 
himself particularly at the botile of Placenza 
in 1746, and that of Exiles in I'icdmoiii, 174", 
in both of which he was wouodcd. In 1756. 



MO>r 



629 



jMO>r 



with the rank of raaj.-gen , he was sent to Can- 
ada as com -in-chief; took Fort Ontario at Os- 
wego, Aug. 14 ; Fort Win. Henry, on Lake 
George, Aug. 9, 1757 ; and received the cross 
of St. Louis, and was made a lieut.-gen. 
Gained a complete victory over Abercrombie 
at Ticonderoga, July 8, 1758 ; repulsed Wolfe 
at Jlontmorenci, July 31, 1759, but finally fell 
gloriously under the walls of Quelwc, which he 
had so well defended in the battle with Wolfe, 
Sept. 13. After receiving one musket-ball 
early in the action, he was mortally wounded 
while attempting to rally a body of fugitive 
Canadians. On being told that hi.* death was 
near, " So much the better, he said ; I shall not 
live to see the surrender of Quebec." He died 
the ne.\t morning; and his death w.is followed 
by the loss of all Canada. A public monu- 
ment to the memory of both Wolfe and Mont- 
calm was erected at Quebec in 1827. 

MOQteflore, Josuda, author, b. London, 
1752; d. St. Alban's, Vt., June 26, 1843. 
Some time an atty. and notary public in Lon- 
don. He pub. a " Commercial Dictionary," 
Lond. 4to, 1803; "Commercial Precedents," 
Phila. 8vo, 1803; a work on the Bankrupt 
Laws ; " Synopsis of Mercantile Laws," 2d 
Amer. ed. by C. C. Biddle, 8vo, 1830. 

Montez, Lola, Maki-\ Dolores, Pokp.is 
Y Mostez, Countess of Landsfeld, b. Lim- 
erick, Ireland, 1824; d. N.y. Jan. 17, 1861. 
At 15 she was m. to Capt. James at Dublin, 
but quitted him on account of his cruelty to 
her; app. us adanseuse at Paris in 1840 ; after- 
wards at Munich, where she fascinated King 
]..ouis, over whom she exerted a powerful in- 
fluence, and who in 1846 made her Countess 
of Landsfeld. She was in 1848 obliged to 
leave the country. Came to the U.S. in the 
same ship with Kossuth. Made her dibut, 
Dec. 29, 1851, at the Broadway, N.Y. . as 
Betty in " The Tyrolean." Afterward lec- 
tured on Spiritualism and other subjects in 
the U.S. and Eng. Author of 3 works of little 
merit. 

Montezuma I., the greatest of the Mex- 
ican monarchs ; d. 1471. He ascended the 
throne ah. 1436 ; was victorious over many 
of the Mexican tribes, and added numerous 
provinces to his empire. 

Montezuma II., the last of the Aztec 
emperors, b. ub. 1480; killed June 30, 1520. 
In 1519, when Cortes arrived on the coast, and 
expressed his intention of visiting the emperor 
in his capital, Montezuma sent him a rich 
present, but forbade his farther advance. His 
despotic govt, had procured him many ene- 
mies, who willingly joined Cortes, and assist- 
ed him in his progress to Mexico ; and he as- 
signed quarters to the Spaniards in the town 
of Cholula, where he plotted their destruction. 
Uis plot being discovered, a massacre of the 
Cholulans followed ; and Cortes, in Nov., en- 
tered the capital without resistance. He next 
seized Montezuma, and kept him as a lio.<tage. 
He was at first treated with respect, which was 
>oon changed to insult ; carried so far, that fet- 
ters were put on his legs When Cones, with 
a great part of his forces, marched out to op- 
pose Narvacz, the Mexicans rose, anil furiously 
attacked the Spaniards who remained. The 



return of Cortes alone saved them from d© 
struction ; and hostilities were still going on, 
when Montezuma was induced to advance to 
the battlements of the Spanish fortress in his 
royal robes, and attempt to pacify his subjects : 
this e.Kcited their indignation against him, and, 
being struck on the temple with a stone, he 
fell to the ground. From motives of jiolicy, 
every attention was paid him by Cortes ; but, 
rejecting all nourishment, he tore off his ban- 
dages, and soon after expired, spurning every 
attempt at conversion. His 2 sons and 3 dans, 
were converted ; and Charles V. gave a grant 
of lands, and the title of Count of Montczutna, 
to one of his sons, who was the founder of a 
noble family in Spain. One of the counts of 
Montezuma was vicerov of Mexico from 1697 
to 1701. 

Montgomerie, Johk, gov, of N.Y. from 

his arrival there, 4 Apr. 1728, to his death. 1 
July, 1731 ; b. Ayrshire, Scotland. Bred a 
soldier, he was at one time an aide to George 
II., and groom of the bed-chamber, and several 
years a meinliT of parliament. 

Montgomery, George W., author, b. 
Valencia, Spain, 1804; d. June 5, 1841, at 
Washington, D.C John his father, a citizen 
of the U S., was many years a merchant at 
Alicant, Spain. He came in early life to this 
country, and was long employed in the dept. 
of state, and had been U.S. consul at Tampico 
and at I'orio Rico. He is best known by bis 
historic.il novel "Bernardo del Carpio." He 
translated Irving's " Conquest of Granada " 
into S|ianish, contrib. to the South. Lit. .Ues.'ifii- 
'/<r and other periodicals, and pub. a narrative 
of a journey to Guatiinala in 1838, 8vo, 18.39. 

Montgomery, Jonx B., rearadm. U.S. 
N., b. N.J. Mid»hipm. June 4, 1812; lieiit. 
Apr. 1, 1818; com. Dec. 9, 1839; capt. Jan. 
6,1853; comnio. July 16, 1862; rcar-adm. 
(retired list) July 25, 1866; served on Lake 
Ontario, in attack on Kingston, U.C, Nov. 10, 
1812; capture of York Apr. 27, and of Fort 
George and New.ark May 27, 1813; in " The 
Niagara," in Perry's victory on Lake Erie, 
Sept. 10, 1813, — receiving a sword and the 
thanks of Congress ; in Decatur's squad, in 
the Medit. in 1815 ; and participated in the cap- 
ture of Algerine frigate and brig, and block, 
of Algiers ; com. sloop " Portsmouth," Pacific 
squad., 1845-8. During the cruise of "The 
Portsmouth " in the Pacific, he took possession 
of California, and blockaded Mazatlan .some 
months. In Oct. 1847, he, with Capt. Lava- 
lette. in "The Congress," captured Giiayamas 
on the Gulf of California; com. Pacific squad. 
1H60-1. — //(iM-rv/,/. 

Montgomery, Gen. Richard, b Convoy 
House, mar Raphoe, Ireland, Dec. 2, 1736; 
>lain in the attack on Quebec, Dec. 31, 1775. 
His father (Thomas) was M. P. for LifTord. 
Educated at Trin. Coll.. Dublin. He entered 
the army at the age of 18 ; and, at the .^icge of 
Louisburg, his courage and capacity won the 
approval of Wolfe. After its fall,' his retrt. 
(17th) formed part of the force sent in 17.59 
with Amherst to reduce the French forts on 
Lake Champlain ; and Montgomery hei-ame 
adj. of his regt. 15 May, 1760, and was in the 
army that marched upon Montreal under Col 



MOX 



6S0 



MOO 



Ilarilniiil , capt. in Mny, 1762. He scn'nl in 
111).- caiiipaigii ii;;nin!>t llic Spnnisli \V. Inilic); 
ri'siili'd lur a time in (his country, Imt revisited 
En);., nlu-re, in 1772, lie soM uiii his euinniis- 
biun. and came lu Aincricu. In 1773 he pur- 
chasted an estate at HhinelHvk un the Uinlxjn, 
anil in. the dau. ul U. I{. I..ivin;:!>Iun. He n-p- 
resenied Dutrliea:. Co. in the Krst I'ruv. eon- 
vention in 1775 ; reerived in June the app. of 
hri;; -gen. fioin Congress; and was second in 
com. under 'Schuyler in the ex|>ed. against 
Canada. The illness of Schuyler threw tlio 
chief coin, upon biin in Uct. ; and notwith- 
staiiiliiig the scanty supplies of munitions of 
war, and tile niuiinous spirit of his troops, he 
captnix'd St. Johns, Chamlily, and Montreal, 
and liiially etfected a junction with Arnold 
belore the walls of Queliec, Dec. 4. lie was 
(Dec. y. 1775) made a inaj -gen. Queliec was 
iinnieiliitlely invested; though the army was in- 
a(lci|natc, and on ihe point of mutiny, their 
gun- liw in number, and insufficient in size, and 
they ili-liearteneil by severe cold and protracted 
niarclies. At n council of officers, it wasdeter- 
mincil to attempt to capture the place by a 
ioii/» (/<• iimi'ii. The a.'-saiilt took jilace eariy in 
the morning of the last day of the year, in the 
raiiUt of a snow-storm, and would probably 
have been successful but for the fall of the (gal- 
lant leader, who, with two of his aiiles, was 
killed by the first and only discharge from a 
battery upon which they were advancing. His 
troops, disheartened by his fall, relreat<d. His 
death was regarded as a great public calainiiy ; 
and public honors were paid him throughout 
the land. He was eulogized in the Briti?h par- 
liuniciit by Chatham, Burke, and Barre, and 
even by I^rd North. Congress voted to erect 
a inoniinicnt to his memory, which was placed 
in limit of St. Paul's Chnrch, N. Y. City. 
Montgomery 'd widow survived him more than 
half a century. His brother Alexander, com- 
monly called "Black Montgomery," was in 
jiarli iniint for Donegal Co. many years. 

Moats, PlKRIlE DU GuAST.'SllitR DE, a 
Ficiuli colonizer ol Acadia. He was gcnile- 
inan-in-oi'diiiary of the king's chamlier, and 
gov. of Pons, and bad Iwen to the St. Law- 
rence with Chan\in, when in 1604 he received 
a grant of Acadic, a region dcfineil as extend- 
ing from I he 40th to the 4Cth ilcg. X lat. : and 
was made lieut.-gen. in Acailie, with vii-e-regal 
powers. Accoinp. by Poutrincuurt and Cham- 
plain, he .set sail 7 Apr. 1 004, disi-ovcnd An- 
na|)oli< Harbor, explored the Bay of Kundy, 
visited and named the Kiver St John, and. 
planting his colony on an islet at the mouth of 
till' liivcr St. Croix, winieiiil there, but in the 
following Aug. removed to Port Koyal, where 
he iKgiiii a settlement. He soon afterwanl i-c- 
turiied to France, leaving the com. to Pont- 
gravc. and despatched another ship with su|>- 
plies lor the Colony in Mar, 1806; but. his 
moniipoly having licen rescinded in 1007, he 
alian'luncd an enterprise from which he had 
remn'd no V-nefit. 

Moody, Jahes, lovaii>t, b. N. J. ; d. Sissi- 
iHiii, .Nova Scotia, Apr' 3. 1 809. a. 65. He was 
a farmer in N'.J. at the outset of the war. and 
has Kit a written acciaint ol his irUbrated par- 
tisan w.irfara in a pamphlet pub. in Lend, in 



1781, entitled " Lient. James Moody's Xarr» 
live of Ids Exertions and Sullerings in the 
Cause of (!ovt. simv the Year 1776." A new 
edition, ed. bv Charli-s I Bushnell. was pub. 
X Y. 1865. (le was taken and iinprisoiK-d at 
West Point, but subsi-qiicntly escaped. Alter 
the war, went to Kng.. and settlwl on his lialf- 
pav in X.S., wherv be was o eol. of miiitia. — 

Moody, Jostii-», minister of Ponsmouth, 
X.ll.. Ij. Kng. 16.t.t: d. Boston. July 4. 1697. 
11 U. 1053. Old. II July, 1671.- Williutii 
bis f.itber settled in Newbury in 16.14. Joshua 
began to preach nb. 1658. His regard for the 
purity and reputation of his cburth having 
iirouglit upon him the enmiry of Gov. Cniii- 
fielil, he was imprisoned, but was shortly re- 
least^l upon condition that he wouhl pivach 
no more in X.H. May 2.'J, 1684, he bivamo 
a.-si-t. minister of the First Church. Ifo-ton, 
and was invited to take charge of H.U , but 
declined. During the wiielieralt troubles in 
1692, he op|iosed the unjust and violent meas- 
ures toward the imagined offeiulers, and aided 
Philip English and ((is wife to esca|K- from 
prison. His leal in this matter occasioned his 
dismission from his church ; and he pa-«cd 
the rest of his life in Portsmouth. Author 
of "Communion with God," 12mo, 1685; 
Eleeiion Sermon, 1692. 

Moody, P.*it., mechanician, h. Bvfield, 
Ms, 2.1 May, 1779; d l.owcll, July 7,I8.)1. 
Di->ccnde<l from \Vm Mooily. Obtaini'd a 
coinmon-scliool education ; workcil a while in 
a woollen-factory in his native town; and. at- 
tracting by his talent the attention ol the cele- 
brated inventor .Jacob Perkins, he inirusied 
him with his machinc-sho|'. .He took charge 
of the cotion-faciory at \Valtliam ab. 1813; 
and when similar establishments wciv com- 
menced at Lowell, ah. 1824, his vaMisble si-r- 
vices werv translericd to tho,-e. He made 
.several important inventions, anion;; them the 
dead spindle and the governor. — i'fe .sMrfcAc* 
o/lhi- Moixli/ Family. 

Moody, S.^uctL, minister of York, Me., 
b. Xewliurv. Ms. Jan. 4. 1676; d Nov. 13, 
1747. H.U 1697. Urd Dec. 29, 1700. He 
was an ciivntric but very uselnl man. Though 
deriving his support Irora voluntary contribu- 
tions, he was very cb.iritable and liencvolent. 
Chaplain to Pcpiiemil's Ca\n; Breton cx|ied. 
174.5. He pub. "The Doldul Stale .it the 
Damned," 1710; " Accouiit of the Lite and 
Death of Joseph Qiiasson. an Indian." ir. 

Moody, S*MiT.L, 30 years an eminent 
teacher at Duminer Acad , b. Apr. 18, 1725; d. 
Exeter. Dec 14, 1795. 11.1". 1746. SonofUev. 
J. of Yoi k, >vhcrv he liegan teacliin°r. .Munv dis- 
tin;:, men wen' his pupils. — .JAxx/y yuniili/. 

Mooers, Gen. Bexj.amin, b. Haverhill, 
Ms., Apr. 1, 1758; d. Platr-burg. X.Y., Feb. 
20. 18.18 Entering an ensign in the lievol. 
army, he was at the surrender of Biirgoyne and 
of Cornwallis, serving in the cajiaeiiy of lieut. 
and adj. in Hazen's regt. to the end of the war. 
In 1783 he settled in tlie vicinity of Platisbnrg. 
then a wilderm-ss; hcM various offii-es ; was 8 
years in the X.Y. legisl. ; was niaj.gi'n. of 
miliiia, and com. as such at the battle of 
Plattshnrg, Sept. II, 1814. 



aioo 



631 



:moo 



Moore, Alfred, jurist, b. Brunswick Co., 
N.C, Ma.v 21, 1755 ; d. Bcltont, N.C., Oct. 15, 
ISIO. Son of Juil;:c Maurice. EJucnted in 
Hosion, where he also acquircii a knowlcd;:e of 
military tactics. In ITT.! he joined the Cont. 
troops of N.C., with the rank of capt. ; and, 
when the British seized Wiiniinjrion, he raised 
a troop of vols., with whom he did good ser- 
vice. The war left him penniless, and with- 
out any means of supporting his family. In 
Kill) tiie Assenilily elected liiui atty.-gcn. of 
the State, although lie was no lawyer, mid h.td 
never in liis life read a l.tw-lxjok. By study, 
as well as by careful observation, lie mastered 
the intricacies of judicial science, and soon be- 
came an ornament of the bar. In 179S he was 
promoted to the bench of the Stsite ; and in 1 799 
-ISOJ was an assoc. justice of the U.S. Supremo 
Court. Alfred his son. b. Brunswick Co., 
N.C., 1783, d. July 23, 18.!7. He possessed 
splendid talents, was learned and eloiiuent, and 
was for many years a member a- well as speak- 
er of the h. of delegates. 

Moore, Ges. Andrew, soldier and states- 
man, b. Va. ; d. Jlav, 1821. He served in the 
battle of Point Piea.-ant, Oct. 10, 1774. M.C. 
1789-97 and 180.3-4 ; U S. senator 1804-9. 

Moore, Besj.imin, n U. (Col. Coll. 17S9), 
I'riil.-lip. bishop of N.V., b. Xewtown, O.I., 
Oct. 16, 1748; d. Greenwich, N.Y., Feb. 27, 
1816. Col. Coll. 1763. InMay, 1774, he went 
to England to obtain orders and in June was 
Old. deacon and priest by the bishop of Lon- 
don ; he was settled assist, minister of Trinity 
Church, N V., on his return ; became rector 
Dec. 22, ISiiO; and consecrated liishop Sept. 
11,1801. In 1784-7 he was prof of logic 
and rhetoric in Col. Coll.; and in 1801-11 
pies, of that institution. He was an accom- 
plished scholar and preacher. A coIle<'lion of 
his sermons was pub. after his death by his son 
C. C. .Moore, 2 vols. 8vo. N.Y. 1824. 

Moore, Charles Wiiitlock, a promi- 
nent Freemason, b. Boston, 29 Mar. 1801. He 
received a good education; entered the Mason- 
ic order in 1822, attaining the hii'liest degrees, 
and was Recording G.S. of the G.L. of Ms. 34 
years. He ably defended the order in the days 
of its persecution (1827-34); pub. the Mtismiic 
Mirror in 1825 ; in 1828 the Amtiraiilh, aftcr- 
war.l merged in the Dimker-hill Aurora : and in 
1841 began, and has since conducted, the Pree- 
m'lsoii'i Muiiilil;/ Ma']. In 1823 lie issued the 
tirsi X.). ol Zion's lierald. He has pub. Law- 
rii-'s •• Hist, of Freemasonry," with notes and 
addition*. ISmo, 1829; and " Masonic Trestle- 
Bo.ird." avo, 1843. 

Moore, Clement CLxniiE, LL.D., 
scholar, b. Xew York, July 15, 1779; d. Xew- 
p.irt, IM., Julv 10, 1863. Son of Bishop 
Slooic. Col. Coll. 1 793. He studied Hebrew ; 
was app. prof, of biblical learning in the I'rot.- 
K;j. Sem. in N.Y. in Dec. 1821 ; app. prof of 
Hebrew and Gi-eek lit., afterwards changed 
to Oriental and Greek lit. To this institution 
he gave the Urge plot of ground on which it 
stands in the city of N.Y. He received the 
title of emeritus prof in 1850. He pub. a col- 
loc;ion of poems, 12mo, N.Y'. 1844; and 
" Geor,:c Castiiot," l2mo, 1850. To Dr. 
Moore belongs the high merit of having been 



the pioneer in this country in the dept. of He- 
brew lexicography ; his Hebrew and Greek 
Lexicon having been pub. in 1809. He also 
pub. a collection of Bisht.p Moore's sermons, 
2 vols. 8vo. He wrote the tatnous ballad, 
commencing " 'Twas the night before Christ- 
tna» : and all through the house," &c. 

Moore, Corneliijs, b. Hunterdon Co., 
N J., 1806. Editor and prop. Masonic Maij. 
sim-e its commencement in 1838; author of 
" History of the Ancient ( barges and Regula- 
tions of Freemasonry ; " " Outlines of the Tem- 
ple." 12mo, 1854;""The Craftsman," 8vo ; 
■• The Templar's Text-Book," 12mo, 18.53.— 
AU:tm.,.. 

Moore, Euw.tiiD M., M.U., surgeon, b. 
Railway, N.J., 15 .uly, 1814. U. of Pa. 1838. 
Ill 1838, in conjunction with Dr. C. L. Pen- 
nock of Phila., he performed a series of origi- 
nal experiments relative to the heart, which ex- 
cited much iiiteniioii. Removing to Rochester, 
X Y., ah. 1840, he a'-qnircd a high reputation 
in his |>rotcssiun ; many years pvof of surgery 
in the liiiffalo .Med. College. — 'J'lioinax. 

Moore, Edwis Ward, coiiiino. in the 
Texan navy, b. Alexandria, Va., 1811 ; d. New 
York, Oct.'S, 1865. Entering the U.S. navy 
in 182.5, he was a 1st lient. in 1836, when se- 
lected by the new Texan govt, to com. its 
navy, yet to be created. Re-igniiig in 1837, 
he, partly from his own ivaoitices, |)uichased 
two sinail ships, and equipped tlicm as ves.sels 
of war. He set sail early in 1838, and, con- 
trary to the orders of Pres. Houston, attacked 
the Mexican Heel of 8 vessels, incliuliiig two 
steamers, in the Bay of Cainpeachy; and in a 
scries of hot engagements finally routed and 
dispersed it with heavy losses in ships and 
men. He received from the Texan Congress 
for this service an extensive grant of land, and 
a larire sum of money. 

Moore, Frank, b. Concord, N.H., 17 Dec. 
1823. Src. of legation at Paris. Son of Ja- 
cob B. He pub. " Songs and Ballads of the 
Amer. Uevol.," 1856 ; " Cvchipaedia of Amor. 
Eloquence," 2 vols. 8vo, 1857; "The Press 
of the Amer. Revol.;" " Diarv of the Amer. 
Uevol.," 2 vols. 8vo, 1860; ''The Rebellion 
Record." 11 vols. 8vo., 1862-8; " Speeches of 
Anil. .Johnson, with a Biog. Iiitrod.," 1865 ; 
" Lyrics of Loyalty," 1864 ; " Rebel Rhymes 
and" Rhapsodies," 1864; " Personal and Polit. 
Ballads," 1864: and " Materials for Uistorv," 
4to, 1861. 

Moore, Gauriel, statesman of Alabama, 
b. Stokes Co., N.C.; d. Caddo, Texas, 1844. 
M C. 1822-9; gov. 1829-31; U. S. senator 
1831-7. 

Moore, George H., LL 1). (X. Y U ), 
nulhur, b. Concord, Nil., Apr. 20, 1823. 
X. Y. U. 1843. Son of Jicoh B. Moore. He 
went to New York in 1839 ; wa< assist, lib. of 
the N.Y. Hist. Soc. in 1841-9 ; librarian since 
1849. He has pub. "Treason of Charles 
Lee," 8vo, 1 860 ; " Employment of Negroes in 
the Revol. Army," 1862; " Hist, of Slavery in 
Ms.," 8vo, 1866, since followed by Additional 
Notes on the same sulijeet. Ho is now (1870) 
cngiiged upon a Hist, of the Jurisprudence of 
N.Y. Contrib. to the ///.<'. .l/'i'/- and to the jour- 
nals of New York. — IJisI- Mar/, vol. vii. 1. 



MOO 



632 



MOO 



Mooro, Sib ITenbt, b. Jamaica, 1713. 
Fur Mipiois^in;; a .-lavc-insurreclion in Jamai- 
ca, of wiiicli lie was gov. (n|H>. 1<J6), he was 
imulc u l>art., nn<l pov. of N.^ . from 29 Jan. 
1764 U> Ills (I. 11 Sept. 1769. He arrivi-a in 
thi- C.ilMiiy ill X..V. I7S:>. 

ICoore, Uenrt Eatos, composer of music, 
l>. Amlov.r, N.ll., July 21, 18a3; d. E. Cam- 
liridjro. It., Oct. 2.1, 1841. llesinxxl hi;«tiiuc 
a< u prini-r wi'li liL> bro. Jacob B. ami Isaac 
Hill, a-.id pub. tlic (Iralhm Jourmil at Plymouth, 
X.II., fi-o.u Jnu. 1, 1825, lo March, 1826; he 
aftcrwani U-camc a tiaclur, and a lhorou;;h 
pro'ioicni in mu>ioal >cii'noo ; wrote ihe " Mu- 
sical Catcchi.-in," "Mcnimack Collection of 
In^tnnncntal Music," "X. II. Coll. of Church 
Music," •• The Choir," " A ColUc-ion of An- 
thems, Ciior.i>c.s, and Set Pi«-s," and the 
" N'ortlioni Harp." Another broiher, John 
Wecks M>ohe. I>. Andovcr, April 11,1807, 
al.so a print r, inliiidth' liil''i:cs-h\tlU l.'o^ltr 
for srv. ral years ; and bos pnb. " A Complete 
Eiicveloii;c<lia of M.i ic," 1854; " Voeal and 
Insi'runv null Solf-Iusiriieior," •' Sacnd Min- 
strel," Mii-ici^'.u's Loxicon," and " Am.r. Co'.I. 
of In-^tnim. M isic," 4io. 1?56. — fhniilinri: 

Koora, IIokatio Newton, noveli>t, h. 
N. J. 1814 ; d. Philn. Aujr. 26, 1859. Author 

vf '• M;u-v Mor.-is, Fiio ».;rooinsm;in," " The 

Marri.i.'v-CrtiliiMto," "The lUari Over- 
tasked," " Two Months Married," " FitzgiTald 
•od Hopkins," "The IJujiti of Terror,^^ and 
" Ki^lit and Wi-onj: ; " also the tnip^Hlies of 
"Orliuido" and " The Re-TiciiKa," and Lives 
of Gen. Marion and Gen. Wayne (1845). He 
contril). memoirs of the faiiioiis ivfufrees, the 
Donnes. lo Ihe lixvloii .\fisfuiii. — .Si hi ■.«>«. 

Moore, Jaooh Bailey, M.I)., su^;^'on and 
son;,'- wilier; d. .Ian. 10, 1813, a. 40. Of a 
S otcli liiiiiily who se:tU-d at Gconretown, Jle. 
His father wlis a surjeon in a naiioiial vi'ssel. 
Tho son pruciised in Andovcr from I "96 to 
Apr. 1812, when ho b 'came a sur,." on U.S.A. 
Some of his musical coinpojitions are in 
Ho' coke's " Ri'posiiory." 

Moore, Jachu Bailey, hist, writer, b. 
Andovcr, X.H., Oct. 31. 1797 ; d.Bc-llows Falls, 
Vt., Sept. 1. IS.V). Son of the pn.'vvdin); ; 
Ie:imeil the trad- of a printer in the office of 
the Piiliiul, at Concord, JC. II., to which he was 
aconrrib; marry iiij^ a sist4r of Isa.ic Hill the 
proprietor, he became a partner in his Im^iiiess, 
out 8nlise<iuentlv esUiMished the .V. //. .S,'.i(c,«- 
iHiin lo supjiort ,t. Q. Ailams for the prvsiilency ; 
memlnT of ilic State lcsi<l. in 1828 ; sheriff of 
JIerrini:ick Co. in 1829-34 ; and from 1826 lo 
1829 i-di- d the .V. ff. Jounuil. Rcmovin!,' to 
N. Y. i'.i 1 8.19, ho i-<lito>l the Ikiilji H'AiV/ Ibra short 
in'riod; was in 1841-5 in the ]>6st-olIiceat Wiu-h- 
m;;ton: librarian of the X.V. Hist. S<h-. 1845-8; 
and ill 1 848 -52 was iH)>imiister at San I-Vaiieisco, 
Cal. Farm r and Moore's " Hist. Colls, of 
N.ll." [1 vols. 1822-24) u-athcrcd up, and ar- 
mnL^.-ilin an endurin:r form, frainnents of >rreat 
value, which mi rht otherwise iiave lieen lost : 
this W.M9 one of the first publications d. voted to 
local history in this country. He al-o pub. 
"Memoii-s of American liovcmors," 1846; 
"iJxt-.t or of N.ll. ;" '• I-aws of Tr.ide in tho 
U.S.," 1840; " Hi-t. of Andovcr " and " Hist, 
of Concord," 1824 ; and eswutially aided Mr. 



John Farmer in his anti<|uarian rreearvhes. 
IILs sons Georgv II. and Krauk are known an 
authors. 

Moore, James, pov. of S.C. in 1700-3 and 
in 1719-21 ; undertook an \insacccsgful ex|H'd. 
a;;aiust the S|>uiiianls at St. Aupuatiuc in 1702, 
entailin,' a heavy burden on the Colony, to nuvt 
which the first !«»]>• r-moiiev wa.s L-sueil in S.C, 
undi r the name of bill- ot'crtlit. In 1703 be 
cbastlsitl the Appolacliian Indi.uis, and iv- 
stroyed their settl. nicnis. ( >' >■ <iee. »/ il,is 'T/irtl. 
Ill Vtiiruli'i /lilt. CiJh. r.; >".(■.) He wax aftir- 
ward in the council; was atty. and rec. pen., 
and jiul^'c of the Admiralty Court ; und in 
1721-5 was s|ieaker of the An-^iiubly. 

Mooro, J AliKS, of N' w 1 laiiover, N.C., bri,:;. 
p n. l{c\ol. amiy ; d. 1776. Capt. of art. iiiidir 
Gov. Tryoii at lb- defeat of the n-pulators. 
May 16, 1771 ; and in Aui:. 1775 reciivcd from 
the Prov. Conf^-sg at llillglioruu'^h the o>m. 
of the lirst ne-^t. nii.se<I for the dofenec of X.C. 
In Fib. 1776, lien. McDonald, with 1,500 iiK'n, 
princii>ally Hiph.and ts, having trected the 
kind's staiidanl at CrosjsCrvx k. Col. Mo<m'. with 
his rpt. anil a detachni< nt of miiitia, Feb. 26, 
with the aid of Cols. Ciiswell and I.illinpton, 
attoekiHl and routed him. The Prov. Council 
of N.C. on tho 4;h of Mar. pass d a vote of 
thanks to Col. Moor- for tins >l^n\ servici-. 
Maile a bri;:.-;,iu 1 >Iarch, 1776; he died of 
fever shortly -ift r, while on his way to join the 
amiv under Wushinyton. 

Moore, Rkv. Martis, 20 years editor of 
the /Jos/Ki Hii-orili; b. St. riinj, Ms., 22 Apr. 
1790; d. Canibriil;,'. , Ms., 12 Mar. 1866. 
B.U. 1 810. DesiTiiditl fivni John of Slid: mrv, 
1642. Nearly 30 years niini-t»T at NaticV. 
Ms., and aftenvanl at Cohasset ; in I86I-6 
vie>.-prv9. of tho N. E. Hit. tieneal. So.icty. 
Antluir of a " Life of .Tobn Eliot," 1842 ; and 
a ■• llUt. of Xaiiek, iU.," 1817. 

Mooro, Mai RK'E, juri-t, h. Bninswick 
Co., N.C. ; d. 1776. His -mndfatlu r Sir Na- 
thaniel, gov. of N.C. in 1705, claimed descent 
fivin the Maix]uis of Dro.-heda, In-land. 
Maurice, Ic^^ther with Martin Howard and 
Richard Ibnibron, c<>n>iitnt"d the judicial 
Ivnch of N.C.whcii tho Rcvol. closed the courts ; 
member of the Prov. Con.;ress in 1775-6; aidixl 
materially in fomiin^- ilie State con-titution ; 
aiid was oneof a cinii. aiiii. to ilr.iw iin on addr. 
to the piople of (;r\at Britain on tlie wron;.-s 
of the N.A. Colonies. It is remarkaMe that 
his distinp. Iro. Col. James Moon-, tlioii on bis 
way to join Gen. V\'tt>liinyton, d. in the same 
hoiis<-, at the same linie. 

Moore, NAxiiANinL F.. LL.D. (C»l. Coll. 
1825), scholar, 1>. Newtowii. L.I., Dec. 25, 
1782. Col. Coll. 1802. Nephew of Bi-hoj> 
Benj. MiHire. Adni. to the bur in 1805; app. 
in 1817 a>liunct prof.; and was Innii 1820 to 
1835 prof, of La:in and GRik in Col. Coll.; 
librarian 18.17-«2; pros. 1842-9. In IS39h(! 
visiti-d E;;ypt und the Holy Land. B-sid» 
romphlcts and i-s-.-ays, he hiv« pub. " Ancient 
Slinera'o;;y," 1834;' " Uemarks on the Pro- 
nunciation of tho Gnvk Ijui.ru.ije;" "Lec- 
turvs on the Grwk I«an;;ua::o and Literature ; " 
and u bi-t. sketch of Col. Coll. 1846. 

Moore, Richarh Chaxmno. D.D. (Col. 
Coil. 1794), Prot.-Ep. biahop of Va., b. New 



MOO 



633 



JVIOR 



York, Auj. 21, 1762; d. Lynchburfr, Va., Nov. 
11, IMl. Hj was fduoated at King's Coll., 
N.V. Followed a^ sea-laring life tor a .-^liort 
tiino, aud became a medical practitioner; but 
took lioly orders iu July, 1787, and after a 
brief service at Hye, Westcliciter Co., he was 
called to St. Andrew's parish, embracing the 
whole of Staten Ulaud, where lie continued 20 
ycai-3. Hector of St. Stephen's Chureli, N.Y. 
City, ISOJ-.May IS, 18U ; then consee. bishop, 
and' ajjp. rociof of the Monumental Church in 
Kichniond, which position he occupied until 

liie close of liis life. See Memoirs of his Life, 

ifilfi <i S, lection from his Sermons, by J. P. A", i/en- 
shiiu; 8vo, 1343. 

Moore, Thomas P., soldier and M.C., b. 
Ky. 1795 ; d. llarrodsl.urg, Ky., July 21, 1853. 
lie was an officer in the war of 1812 ; M.C. in 
1823-y and in 18.33-5; minister to the llenub- 
lie of Colombia in 1829; and maj. 18th U.S. 
Inf. ill the Me.\ican war. Member of the Ky. 
Const. Convention of 1849. 

Moore, Zepuaniaii Swift, D.D. (Wins. 
Coll. 181G), scholar, b. Palmer, Ms., Nov. 20, 
1770; d. Amherst, Ms., June 30, 1823. Dartm. 
Coll. 1793. Wliile a child, his parents removed 
to Vt. Principal of tlie Londonderry Acad, in 
179.3— J; studied divinity in Ct.; was minister 
of Leicester, its., June 10, 1798, to Oct. 28, 
I sll ; prof, of languages in Dartm. Coll. 1811- 
15; chosen pres. of Wms. Coil, in Sept. 1815, 
he became unpopular on account of the at- 
tempted removal of the institution to Hamp- 
shire Co. ; and, on the establishment of Amh. 
Coll. in 1821, was eho»cn its first pres., andas- 
sum.'d its charge in 1822. 

Moran, Benjamix, diplomatist, b. Lane 
Co., Pa., 1820. Ills father was manager of a 
small cottoit-factory at Trenton, N..r. The 
son, at iii^st a printer in Phila., went to Eng. 
ab. 1850; travelled over it on foot in 1851-3; 
and [;ub. a vol., "The Footpath and High- 
way. In 1S54 he prepared the cases for the 
commLss. then sitting in Lond. for the settle- 
ment of claims between the U.S. and Great 
Britain. Mr. Buchanan tbcn made him clerk 
to the mission, afterward his private sec. ; and 
in Nov. 1 855 he was made sec. of legation ; 
vice-consul at Lond. Apr. 185G to 1 Jan. 1857; 
assist, sec. of legation to July, 1864; aud sec. 
since that time, frequently acting as ehunji'OT 
acting minister. A contrib. to English and 
American periodicals. 

Morazan, Gen. Francisco, a Ccntral- 
Amer. statesman, b. Honduras, 1799; shot in 
Co-ta Uiea, Sept. 15, 1842. Of Corsican ex- 
traction. In 1824 he became sec-gen. of Hon- 
duras; and soon after was clecteil gov. of the 
Stite, dialing, himself both as a statesman and 
a< a soMier. IIa\'ing in 1829 driven the r^^ac- 
fionary ]jarty from the city of Guatimala, the 
National Congress decreed him the title of sa- 
viorof the Kepublic; and he soon after aceiptod 
the presidency. Expelled in 1840 by the influ- 
ence of the priests, he took refuge in ('hiii, 
whence, in 1S42, ho went to Costa Hica, where 
he was made PR'S, by acclamation. An insur- 
r.'ction shortly after took place, to which he 
fed a victim. 

Mordecai, Alfred, maj. U.S.A., b. N.C. 
W'lyi Point, 1823. Assist, prof. nat. philos. 



and eng. to July, 1825; capt. of ordnance 30 
May, 1832; brcv. major for meritorious con- 
duct in Mexico, May 30, 184S; major, Dec. 31, 
1*54; resigned 5 May, 1861 ; assist. cngr. Mex- 
ico and Pacific R. K. since 1863. Ordered to 
Europe to observe the Crimean War, April 2, 
1855. Author of Ueport thereon to the Sec. of 
War; " Reports of Experiments on Gunpow- 
der," 1845 and 1849; of "Artillery for U.S. 
Land Service," 1849; of "Ordnance Manual," 
1850; "Digest of Military Laws," 8vo, 1833. 

Morehead, Charles S., lawyer and poli- 
tician, b. Nelson Co., Ky., 1802; d.'ncar Green- 
ville, Mjii., Dee. 23, 1863. ' Educated at Tran- 
sylvania U. He adopted the profession of law ; 
was member of the legisl. 1828-9 ; aity.-gen. iu 
1834-7; was again in the legisl. in 18:18-41, offi- 
ciatingasspeakerin 1840aud'41 ; wasre-i^lectcd 
iu 1842 and 1844, aud tor the third time chosen 
speaker; M.C. 1847-51 ; again in the legisl. in 
1853 ; gov. in 1855-9. Many years one of the 
most devoted friends and supporters of Henry 
Clay. Delegate to tlie Peace Convention of 
Feb. 1861. His endeavors to bring about the 
secession of Ky. occasioned his arrest, Sept. 19, 
1861, and incarceration in Fort Lafayette, 
where he was long kept. With M. Brown, he 
pub. " Digest of the Statute Laws of Ky.," 
itc., Svo, 4 vols. 1834. 

Morehead, James T., lawyer, b. Coving- 
ton, Kv., Mav24, 1797; d. there Dec. 28, 1854. 
U. of 'S.C. 1819. In 1813-14 he studied at 
Transylv. U. and in the law-offlee of J. J. Crit- 
tenden; commenced practice in 1819 at Bowl- 
ing Green; <ioin 1828 to 1831 was a member 
of the Ky. legisl.; in 1832 was lieut.-gov. ; 
gov. iu 1834-6; he then returned to the bar 
at Frankfort ; in 1837 was again elected to the 
State 1 'gisi. ; was pres. of the Board of Inter- 
nal Improvements in 1838^1 ; U.S. senator 
\ 841-7. He subsequently practised law at Cov- 
ington. He pub. " Practice and Proceedings at 
Law in Ky., 8vo, 1846; "Address comincm. 
of the First Sett, of Ky. at Booucsborough," 25 
May, 1840, Frankfort, 8vo. 

Morehead, John M., gov. of N.C. 1841-5, 
b. there ab. 1796; d. Rockbridge, Va., Aug. 
28, ls66. U. of N.C. 1817. He was a ^success- 
ful and able lawyer, and a warm friend of 
Henry Clay. Pres'. of the National Whig Con- 
vention, 1848. 

Morell, George, jurist, b. Lenox, Ms., 22 
Mar. 178G; d. Detroit, Mar. 8, 1845. Wms. 
Coll. 1807. Adin. to the bar in 1811 ; settled 
at Cooperstown, N.Y. ; app. first judge Otsego 
Co. Court 1827; member of the Assembly 
1829; rc-app. judge 18.32; U.S. judge of Mich. 
Terr. 1832-6 ; judge Sup. Ct. of Midi. 1836- 
43 ; chief justice 18 July, 1843, to his death. 

Morelos, Jose Maria, a Mexican revolu- 
tionist, b. N. Mexico, 1780 ; shot near the city 
of Mexico 22 Dec. 1815. He was curate of 
Nucapetaro in Valladolid ; and in Oct. 1810 
joined the insurgent chief Hidalgo, who made 
him capt.-gen. of the provinces on tlie sonth-w, 
coast. He soon made himself remarkable for 
his audacity and activity ; captured many places 
in the southern part of the province ; ami took 
Acapuico, Aug. .30, 1811 In Dec of ihat 
year he marched against Valladolid, but was 
defeated there by Iiurbide with gieut loss, and 



MOR 



6.U 



MOK 



fioro this time siilfureil a itucccssion of defeats; 
wliiJc iiiiireliiii;; to join 'i'uleilo ami IliimUert, 
he was (Nuv. 5, 1815) 8ur|iri>ed and u>keii, and 
Bhut Hs a iruilur. 

Morflt, C'ampuell. chemist, l>. Ilerculane- 
uin. Mu., 1 »M. (.'uluiuliiiin CuW., Wa^hinKton, 
l).C'. Studied eheinisiry in I'hilu. lie bitome 
prupiieturul a niunul ut'cuniniereiul eiieniienls ; 
and in 1848 was co-ciliior of the '" Kncyclo|ia;- 
dia of C;heniistry " with I'rof. liuuili. lie or- 
ganized the eheniical dipt, of the Md. Institute, 
and tilled ihechairof unuh t. and M|iplie<l eliein- 
istry in the U. of Jld. 'in 1854-8. He has 
written a re|)ort upon u'un-nictal to the US. 
onlniinee dept ; in ISjl pub. a report of ihc 
l'ro;;re»s of the Clieinieal Arts for the Smiths. 
Institution; and, with A. Muekle, "Chemical 
and Pharmaeeniic Manipulations," 8vo, 1849. 

Morgan, Aukl, liapt. min. of I'ennepek, 
I'a., b. Wales, 1637 ; d. 16 Uec. 1722. He com- 
piled a folio Concordance to the Welsh Bible, 
printed at Phila. ; and also translated " Century 
Confession " into Welsh, with additions. — 
heimliri, i. .-)8.). 

Morgan, Charles \V., commo. L'.b.N., b. 
Va. I7<IU; d. Washinjrton, I).C., 5 Jan. 1853. 
Nephew of tk'n Uun. Mor;^un. Mid.'-h. I Jan. 
1808; licut. 3 Mar. 1813; com. 15 Ajjr. 1820; 
capt. 21 Feb. 1831; lieut. of "The Constitu- 
tion " in her action with " The Guerricre," 19 
Aug. 1812, and with " Tlie Java," 29 Dec. 1812, 
tor which services ho rcveivcd a sword from 
the Va. le^isl. He com. the Mediterranean 
squnilron in 1841-3. 

Morgan, Uen. Ua.niei., I). Hunterdon Co., 
N.J., 1736; d. Winchester, Va., July 6, 1802. 
He had liitle education ; at ilic ajjc of 17 left 
his father's farm, and wns a wa;;oner in Urad- 
dofk's army in 1755. In the sprin;; of 1758 
he knocked down a British licut. who had in- 
sulted liiin, for which he received 500 lashes. 
The otfi.cr altcrward made him a public apolo- 
gy. In 1757 he served in the militia, and dis- 
till;:, himself in ihe defence of Kdwards Fort. 
In 1758 he wa» made an en>ign, and, while 
carrying ilespatches, was wayiaiil and Mjvercly 
wonndeil by Indians, escaping by presence of 
minil ami the tieeincss of his horse, from whoso 
back he was taken insensible. Alter the peace 
he was much addicted to gambling and dissipa- 
tion, and noted as a pugilist ; but before 1771 
hud reformed ; became a man of substance; and 
in 1774 coin, a company in Ixird Dunmorc's ex- 
ited, nguin-^t ihc Indians. Immediately after 
llic buttle of Lexington, he, in less than a 
week, enrolled 96 men, the nucleus of liis cele- 
brated ritlc corps, and marehed them to Uo.Nton. 
Ho com. 3 companies in the exped. of Arnold 
against Queliei', and behaved with gallantry, 
but was made prisoner. Un his exchange ho 
was app.. Nov. 12, 1776, col. of a rifle corps 
( 1 1 th Va. ). Sent to the assistance of (Jatcs in 
Sept. 1777, he took a most important part in 
the victory at Saratoga. The \'il legisl. votcil 
him a horse, pistols, and sword, for this ser- 
vice. Kcjoining the main army near Phila., he 
hud a severe skirmish near Chestnut Hill with 
n part of Cornwnllis's division. During a |iart 
of 1778 he was in com. of Woodford's brigiule ; 
.March 20, 1 779, he wiLs made col. 7lh Va. Kcgt., 
but resigned in June. After the dcloat at Cam- 



den he joined the remnant of Gates's army at 
Hillsborough, and, Oct. 1, was pini-ed in com. 
of a legionary corps; Oct. 13, 1780, he was 
made a brig -gen. Shortly after Greene as- 
sumed the com. in Dec., .Morgan was detached 
to the country watered by Ihe Uroad and I'a- 
colet ISIvers. I'ursui'd by Col. Tarleton, he 
withdrew to the Cowpeiis, where, Jan. 17, 1781, 
ho gaineil a brillant victory over that renowned 
oflicer, capturing or destroying nearly the wholo 
of his lorcc. A gold nie<lul tcstitieil the appre- 
ciation of Congress of the .-kill and bravery of 
Morgan on this occasion. Uy a rapid retreat 
he evaded the pursuiiofCornwallis, and Joined 
Grcene; but illness, oecasiunol by cx|>osureand 
hardship, com|>elled him to retire from aciivo 
service. In 1794 he coin the armv sent against 
the insurgents in Western I'a., ami was M.C in 
1795-9. In 1800 he removed to Winchester. 
His oldest dan. iii. Gen. l're>liy Neville of Pitts- 
burg. In 1799 he pub. an address to his con- 
stituents, vindicating the administration of Mr. 
Adams. His son Willoloiibv, col. U.S. A., 
d. Fori Ci-awford, Upper Mpi., 4 Apr. 18.'12. — 
Lif- iif Morifitn, bti James tiniltum, 12ino, 1859. 

Morgan, Gen. David IlA.siSTEit, b. 
West Spiiiiglicid, Ms., 1773; d. Covington, 
La., July 15, 1848. lie removed to La. in 
1803 ; was in the Terr, legisl. ; niemljer of the 
Const. Conv. ; representative and senator : and 
surveyor-gen. of the States of La. and Mpi. ; 
bri:,'.-gcn at the battle of New Orleans. 

Morgan, Kdwi.s Denmson (LL D. of 
Win^. Coll. 1867), statesman, b. Washington, 
.Ms., Feb. 8, 181 1. Entering a grocery -store in 
Hartford, Cl., in 1828, he l>ecaiue a partner in 
1831 ; lemovcd to New Vork in 1836, and bo- 
eanie u highly-successful merchant. A Statu 
senator in 1849-53 ; he was made chairman of 
tno Kcpub. Coiiiniitiee ; and was gov. of N.Y. 
in 1859-63. His administration was marked 
by a decrease of the Stale debt, an increase in 
the revenue from the canals, and a frci|uciit 
i;«eof ihe veto power. Such was his zeal and 
etheiency in raising and cijuipping tixwps lor 
the war, that Ihe State sent about 2:.'0.iK)0 men 
to the Held. Maj.-gen. of voU. 20 Sept. 1861 ; 
resigned Jan. 1, 1863. U.S. senator in 1863— 
9. Ortcred the secretaryship of ihe treasury 
by .Mr. Lincidn, hut declined. 

Morgan, CJen. Geuuge W., b. Washing- 
ton Co., I'a.. 20 Sept. 1820. He was a capt. in 
the Texan struggle for independence. Studied 
at West Point in 1841-3. hut reinovcil to Mount 
Vernon. O., where in 1845 he begun to practice 
law. When the Mexican war broke out. Iio 
became col. 2d Ohio Vols. (Jan. 1846), with 
which he repulsed the Mexican cavalry near 
Marin (Feb. 1847) ; was app. col. 15ih U.S. Inf. 
Mar. 1847 ; ami won the brev. of brig. -gen. lor 
gallantry at Contriros and Churubusco, wliero 
he wu» severely wounded. Con-ul at Marseilles 
1856-8; ii'S. ininislcr at Lisl>on in 1858-61; 
hrig.-gcn. vols. Nov. 21^ 1801. Assigne<l toduty 
under Gen. Uuell in Mar. 1862, he look com. 
of the 7th division of the Army of the Ohio, 
with which he occupied Cunilivrlaiid Gap in 
S.K. Ky., driving out the Coiifolcrales, Juno 18, 
but was i-omiielled to rotri'at S<-pi. 17. In Nov. 
he was assigned to a com. under Gen. Uo-e- 
craus in Tenn. He com. u division under 



MOR 



635 



:iMOR 



Shertnnn ngainst Vicksbiirg in 1863, in which 
year he resijrned. Democ. M.C. 186S-72. 

Morgan, Sih Henrt, buccaneer, b. ah. 
1637; il. 1690. Son of a Welsh farmer. 
For many years he maintained his position 
among tlie W. India islands as cliicf of a liost 
of pirates composed of adventurers from all 
the nations of Knrope. From his strongliolds, 
one of which was the Island of St. Catharine's, 
he made many snccesslnl descents upon the 
Spani>h .settlements in his vicinity; and at 
sea Ciii)turecl many lich prizes. In 1666 he 
took I'orto Hello and Panama from the Span- 
iards. Having amassed a large fortune, he 
settled at Jamaica, of which island he was app. 
gov. by Charles II., and knighted. Author of 
•' Voyiige to Panama, IG70," Lond. 8vo, 1683. 
An account of him is in Esquemcling's "Buc- 
caneers uf America," Lond. 4lo, IGS4. 

Morgan, Gen. James D., b. Boston, Ms., 
Nov. I'J, 1810. At the age of 16 he went to 
sea in the ship "Beverley." The crew ntuti- 
nied ; and the ship was soon after burned. 
Morgan, with others of the crew, cscajjed in 
boats ; finally landed in S. America ; and, 
after the greatest hardships, made his way 
back to Boston, after 6 month>' absence. Re- 
moving to Quincy, III., in 18-34, he engaged 
in mercantile pursuits. During the Mexican 
war he was capt. in the Ist III. Vols.; in 1861 
he became lieut.-col. 7ih III. Vols. ; and, for 
merit, services ut New Madrid and Corinth, 
was made brig -gen. 17 July, 186:i ; in Nov. 
1862 be com. a brigade at iNa>hville, Tenn. ; 
and in Sherman's Atlanta and Georgia cam- 
paigns com. a division of the 14th corps. 

Morgan, John, M.D. (Edinb. tJ. 1764), 
F.K.S.. an eminent phvsician, b. Phila. 1735 ; 
d. there Oct. l.'j, 1789. Phila. Coll. 1757. 
He studied medicine under Dr. Kedman ; and, 
as a surgeon and lieut. of Pa. troops, served 
in the war with France nntil 1 "GO, when he 
went to Europe ; attended the lectures and 
dissections of the celebrated Wm. Hunter; 
and, after spending two years in Edinburgh, 
visited I'aris, Holland, and Italy ; and, on his 
return to London, was elected a fellow of the 
Roy. Soc. ; a member of the Coll. of Physi- 
cians in Edinburgh ; and a licentiate of the 
Coll. of Phys. in London ; returning to Phila. 
in 1765, he was elected prof, of the theory 
and practice of med. ; and at once founded a 
mcd school in connection with the college. 
In Oct. 1775 he was app by Congress director- 
gen, and physician in chief to the gen. hospital 
of the army ; removed in 1777 in consequence 
of unjust clamors. A committee of Congress 
aflcrwaril investigated his conduct, and honor- 
ably acquiitcd him of all the charges against 
him. He pub. a " Discourse npon the Insti- 
tution of Medical Schools in America," 1763; 
" A Ueeommendation ol Inoculation according 
to Baron Dinesdale's Method," &c., 1776. He 
received in 1766, from John Sargeant of Lon- 
don, a gold medal for the best essay on the recip- 
rocal .id vantages of a pcrpetnal union bctwem 
Great Britain and her American Colonies. In 
1777 he pub. a vindication of his pulilie charac- 
ter of director-gen. One of the founders of 
the Amcr. Philos. Soc. in 1769, and pub. some 
papers in its Transactions. In 1773 he visited 



Jamaica to procure donations for Philadelphia 
College. 

Morgan, John II., gen. C.S.A.,b. Ilunts- 
ville, Ala., June 1, 1826 ; killed at Greenville, 
Tenn., Sept. 4, 1864. In 1830 he settled near 
Lexington, Ky. He was 1st lieut. in Mar- 
shall's cav. at the battle of Buena Vista; was 
extensively engaged in the nianiif. of bagging 
at Lexington ; when, in Sept. 1861, ho joined 
Buckner at the head of the Lexington Rifles, 
and at Shiloh com. a squadron of cavalry. 
He soon after commenced his series of raids 
into Ky., in which he destroyed many mil- 
lions of dollars' worth of military stores ; cap- 
tured and burned railroad-trains filled with 
supplies, tore up railroad - tracks, burned 
bridges, and destroyed culverts, in the rear of 
the Union armies ; and made it necessary to 
garrison every important town in the State. 
Ho moved with the utmost celerity, ami, by tak- 
ing a telegraph-operator with him, misled his 
foes, and acquainted himself with their move- 
ments to intercept him. In 1863 he undertook 
a bold and extensive raid through Ky., Ind., and 
Ohio; but he with ne.irly his whole com. were 
captured, and Morgan and his officers were 
confined in the Ohio Penitentiary. He after- 
ward escaped : subsequently undertook a raid 
into Tenn. ; but, being betr.ayed while stopping 
at a farm-house, was surrounded in the night by 
fed cavalry, and killed in an attempt to escape. 

Morgan, \V!llia.m, whose singular f.ite 
has given bis name a great notoriety, b. Cul- 
peper Co., Va., ab. 1773; d. Sept."l9, 1826. 
Ho served under Jackson at the battle of New 
Orleans ; moved to York, U.C., in 1821, where 
ho commenced business as a brewer, but sub- 
secjuently removed to Batavia, N. Y. In Aug. 
1 826 it became known that he was preparing 
for the press a work divul;;ing the secrets of 
Freemasonry. Some infatuated membersof the 
fraternity in his neighborhood, having failed 
in the attempt to dissuade him from his pro- 
ject, took him, on the 10th of Sept., under the 
pretence of a charge for larceny, to Canan- 
daigua. This charge having been abandoned, 
and a civil suit instituted, judgment was ob- 
tained for a small amount ; and he was com- 
mitted to the jail of Oiitario Co. Discharged 
on the evening of the 12th, he was seized as 
he passed out of the jail, put into a carriage, 
and taken to Fort Niagara, where he was 
murdered. This outrage excited the most in- 
tense indignation against the order, which was 
siion turned to political purposes. An Anti- 
Ma-onic party was formed, which predominated 
in Western NY., and had many converts else- 
where. Authorof " Illustrations of Masonry," 
the 2d eil. of which (1826) cimtuins an ace. of 
his kiilnap|jing. 

Morillo, Pablo, Count of Carthagena, 
and Marquis de la Fnente, a Spanish gen., b. 
Fuente, 1777; d. Madrid, 1838. He first 
served against Napoleon, rising to the rank of 
general; placed in 1814 at the head of the 
Spanish forces in S. America, he became noted 
for his cruelty to the revolutionists, but was 
finally defeated by Bolivar, and compelled to 
sign the truce of Truxillo, Nov. 25, 1820; after 
which he returned to Spain. Ho there sided 
alternately with both parties, and, on the resto- 



MOR 



686 



»IOR 



mtiun of alisoliito monarchy, was cxpt'llod the 
country, and liis esmtoj conKsi'ated. He wai 
alloivi'tl lo return in 18.32; wan luailn L'Ov. of 
Galieia, and com. the forci-g au'ain-t Don Car- 
los, lie pill). Ilia " ^Idiii'iins " in Paris, 1826. 

Morison, Rkv. John lIiii'KiNs, 1) D (II. 
U 1858), h. Petcrlwrou^'h, X.II., 25 July, I80S. 
II.U. 18.il. Unit. pi.-iiorof Milton, Ms., since 
1 846. Author ot " ManuiJ lor Sunday 
Schools ; " " Contcn. Adilrcss at IVterli. Oct. 
24, 183'J;" ■' Life of Hon. Jcre. Smith, LL.ll.," 
1645; also a number of occasional sermons, 
oddrossra, I've. 

Morphy, Paul Chables, the (frcate.«t of 
modern chess-plavers, b. N. Orleans, June 
22, 1837; son ot' Jud^'C M. of the Supreme 
Court of La., and learned the moves from see- 
in;;; his father play, in the autumn of 1349 
llerr Loewenthal, the celebrateii Ilun^mrian 
player, viMtcd tlie Crescent City; and out of 
3 paiues a^ain^t the youiij; Paul, tlien but 12 
yean old, he lost 2, and drew 1. lie was edu- 
cated ni the S. C. Co lege, and studied law. 
At th- Chess Congress in New York in 1857, 
Morpliy defeat d in a m.njority of pamcs — 
many ting at considerable odds — the tirst 
nlayers of the U.S.; visiting; Europe in 1853, 
110 contended wiih all the preat players of 
Europe — Loewenthal, Hamvitz, Riviire, La- 
roche, Joumoud Dcvinck, and the celi bratcd 
Adolph Auders8en,whoni he vanipiislied — with 
the exception of Mr. Stanton, who prudently 
declined the contest. At the annual meeting 
of the British Chess Association at Ilinninf;- 
ham, he plaved 8 gain< s simultaneously, with- 
out sirin;; the Ijoards, winuinj; 6, losing 1, and 
1 king drawn. He has latterly devoted him- 
scll' aimost exehisively to the ]>racticc of law 
in N\w Ur.eaus and Kichmoiid. 

Morrell, Cai-t. Bi:sjamik, b. Worcester 
Co., Ms., 1795 ; d. 18.39. Author of "Xarra- 
tivo of Four \'oyagcs to the South Sea," &c., 
X.Y. 8vo, IS32. 

Morrell, Rev. William, who nccomp. 
Cajit. Roliert Gorges to America in 1623, and 
redded at Piviiioutb, Ms., ali. a year. On bis 
return to Eng., be i)ul>. in 1625, in Latin hexam- 
eters and English heroics, a poem entitled 
" Sova Am/lid," repr. in " Ms. Uist. Colls.," 
1st series, i. 

Morrill, Axson P., gov. of Me. 1855-7; 
M.C. 1861-3 ; b. Belgrade, Me., June 10, 1803. 
He engagi'd in mercantile and manuf. pursuits, 
and was some years in the Mc. legislniure. 

MorriU, David Lawkesce. .M.D. (D.C.) 
LL.D. (U. of Vt.), b. Epping, X.II., June 10, 
1772; d. Concord, Jan. 28, 1 849. ^Vfier receiv- 
ing a good ocad. and metl. education, he estab- 
lished hiiiis<'lf in practice at Epsom in 1793, 
but in 1800 began to study theology ; pastor 
of the Cong, church in Goll'stown, N.ll., in 
1802-11; practise-d mi-ilicine in 1807-30; was 
a repri'Sentativc to the Cicn. Court in 1808-17 ; 
speaker in 1816; U.S. senator from 1817 to 
1823, when he was elected to the State senate, 
and was chosen pres. of that liody ; pov. in 
1824-7. lie was conmcti'd with many of the 
ch.iritable, medical, and agricultural associa- 
tions of his time. He pub. several sermons, 
orations, and controversial {tainphlets; and 
va», for some years after abandoning public 



ofTico, editor of the X. II. Observer, a relijjionl 
new -paper. 

Morrill, JisTis S., M.C. from Vt. 1855- 
67 ; chosen U.S. senator in 1S67 ; b. Sirallord, 
Vt., Apr. 14, 1810. Eilucutcd at an aj-ademy. 
He was ( ngagwl in mercantile |iursuiis until 
1848, when li- turned his attention to agricul- 
ture. Author of the " Morrill " tarid'oi' Is61. 

Morrill, Lot M., statesman, b. B-lgradc, 
Keniiel.cc Co., Me., 3 Mav, 1813. EnUr.<I 
Waterville Coll. in 1 834 ; nnj in 1839 was adm. 
to the bar; nioinbir of the Me. legist, in 1854; 
of the senate in 1856, and made its pivs. ; gov. 
of Mc in 1858-60; U.S. senator in It-ei, 
1863-9; re-elcct«;d for the term of I87I-7; and 
memlxT of the Peace Congress of l!^61. 

Morris, Ciiahles, Capt. U.S.N., 1>. Wood- 
stock, Ct., July 26, I'M ; d. Washington, Jan. 
27, 1856. lie entered the navy, July I, 1799; 
was engaged with Diratur in d'stroying the fri- 
gate " PbiladelpUia," in the hurl>or of Tripoli, 
on the night of Feb. 15, 1804; also di-ting. him- 
self in the same war by the capture of o French 
privoleer; was made licut. Jan. 28, l.'-07 ; was 
the cxce.otlicer of "The Constitution "in 1S12, 
in hermeiiiorableeseajic.ifterachasedf 60liours 
from a British Mjuadron ; was gnatly di-;ing., 
and wa> shot ibrougli the loity, in the encounter 
of that ship with the Brit, trigatc " Guerrifcrc; " 
capt. 5 Mar. 1813. In Aug. 1814, while in com. 
of " The John Adams, h.iving run up the 
Penobscot Uivcr to Hampden for npairs, a 
strong Brit, force entered the river ; and, to 
esca|>e caplun', the frigate was destroyed, the 
crew making their way lor 200 miles m ross the 
tliinly-inhaliitcd country- to Portland: In 1S16- 
17 he eoiu. the naval forces iuthe Gulf of Mex- 
ico; in 1819-20 a squadron to Buenos Ay res; 
in 1823-7 and 18.32-41 was navy eominiss. ; 
in Sept. -Oct. 1825 com. the frigate " Brandy- 
wine, in which Lafayette retunu'd to France 
after his visit to tbi- <-oiintry ; in 1 825-6 he 
was employed in examining the dockyanis of 
France and Eng.; com. in l!^41— t the squad- 
ron on the coast of Brazil and in the Mcditei^ 
ranean ; in 1 844-7 was chiif uf bun-au of 
construction; was in 1S47-51 insp of onl- 
nance; and from 1851 to the time of his death 
was cliicf of the bureau of ordnance and 
hydrography ; for many years he sup< nised 
tlie Xaval Acad, at Annapolis. It has been 
said of him, that he was, in all the varied quali- 
ties which constitute exeellcncv in his profes- 
sion, the ablest naval eominanjer in the world. 

Morris, Edward Jov, author and M.C, 
b. Phi;a. Julv 16, 1<15. H.U. 18.36. Membr 
of the Pa. I'egisl. in 1S41-3; M.C. 1S43-5; 
chart)!' iTaflhrrs to Naples in 1850—4 ; again a 
member of the State fegisl. in If-SG; meml*r 
of the 35th, 3Gth, and 37th Congresaos; and 
raiuijtcr to Turkcv IS61-70. He has pub. 
" A Tour thtflugh 'furkev, Greece, Egypt, and 
Arabia Petrwa;" "The 'Turkish Empire, So- 
cial and Political ; " " Afraj.i, or Life and Ix)vc 
in Xonvay " (a translation) ; aud also a transl. 
from the German of Grcgoroviua, "Corsica, 
So. i.d and Political." &e. 

Morris, Geobge P., poet and journalist, 
b. Phila. Oct. 10, lfi02 ; d. X. Y. City, July 6, 
1864. Removing in early life to N'ew York, he 
wrote for the A. 1'. Uaiette and the Air — ' — 



»IOR 



637 



MOR 



[ontributing verses in his 15th year. He pub. 
the .V. )'. Jlirror from Aug. ls-23 to Ucc. 31, 
1S42; in 1S43 he associated himself with Mr. 
Willis in the pub. of the 2Vew Minor, of whirh 
3 vols, were issued ; in 1844 he estal'lislied tlie 
Ei\:Miuj Mirror, a daily, assisted by Willis and 
Hiram Fuller ; at the close of 1 S45 be cora- 
menecd a weekly journal, the Xcitioiml Pr<ss, 
chauyed in Nov. 1846 to the Ilomf Journal, 
which he edited with Mr. Willis until a short 
time before his death. As a song-writer he has 
achieved great popularity. Among the best are 
" Woodman, spare that Tree," " Long Time 
Ago," "The Origin of Yankee Doodle," "My 
Mother's Bible," " Whippoorwiil," &e. In 
1853 he pub. " The Deserted Bride, and other 
Poems," 8V0, N. Y. ; ed. a vol. of " Ameriean 
Melodies ; " and, in conjunction with Jlr. Wil- 
lis, "•The Prose and Poetry of Europe and 
Americ.i," 8vo, N.Y; in 1837 he produced the 
successful drama of " Brierclili, and in 1842 
the libretto of "The Maid of Saxony." He 
also pub. a vol. of prose sketches entitled " The 
Little Frenchman and his Water-Lots," 1838. 
The last complete edition of his poems appeared 
in 1860. In 1861 he contrib. an introd. Me- 
moir to the Poetical Works of Samuel Wood- 
worth. He was at one time a brig.-gen in the 
State militia. 

Morris, Gouvebkeur, statesman and ora- 
tor, b. Morrisania, N.Y., 31 Jan. 1752; d. there 
6 Nov. 1816. Kings Coll. 1763. Son of Lewis 
Morris. Studied law with Wm. Smith ; was 
adm. 'to practice in 1771; soon attained great 
reputation ; was a delegate to the Prov. Con- 
gress of JJ.Y. in 1775; one of the com. that 
draughted the State Const, in 1776: member 
of the Cont. Congress 1777-80, serving on sev- 
eral important committees ; pub. in 1779 a suc- 
cessful jjamphlet called " Observations on the 
Anier. Revol. ; " and in 1780 removed to Phila., 
an'd, by being thrown from a carriage, fractured 
his lug so as to render amputation necessary. 
In July, 1781, he was the colleague of Robert 
Morris as assist, supt. of finance, and, after the 
war, embarked with him in mercantile enter- 
' prises; in 1785 he pub. "An Address to the 
Assembly of Pa. on the Abolition of the Bank 
of N.A.," arguing against that project. Pur- 
chasing in Dec. 1786 the estate of Morrisania 
from his bro. Staats Long Morris, he made it 
his future residence. He was one of the com. 
that draughted the Federal Constitution in the 
conv. of 1 787. In 1 788-91 he was in France, oc- 
cupied in selling land ; was a private agent of 
the U.S. in Loud, in 1791; minister to France in 
1792-Oct. 1794 ; afterward travelled in Europe, 
and, while at Virnna, endeavored to efiict the 
liberation of Lafayette from the dungeon of 
Olinutz; returned to the U.S. in the autumn 
of 1793; was U.S. senator in 1800-3, acting 
ivith the Federalists, and actively opposing the 
abolition of the judiciary system m 1802 in 
speeches of great ability ; was prominent in the 
great canal project of N.Y., and chairman of 
the canal commiss. from their first app. in Mar. 
1810 until his death; and passed the latter 
years of his life in munificent hospitality. Au- 
thor of a series of essays on the Cont. Currency 
and Finances, and of eulogies on Washington, 
Hamilton, and George Clinton. — See Life, 



Corresponfhnrc, and Writings, by .Tared Sparks^ 
3 vols. 1832, 8vo. 

Morris, Henry W., commo. U.S.N., b. N 
York, 1806; d. there Aug. 14, 1863. Son of 
Thomas, a lawyer of N.Y., and grandson of the 
preceding. Midshipm. Aug. 21, 1819; iieut. 
May 17, 1828 ; com. Oct. 12, 1849; capt. Dec. 
27, 1856; commo. July 16, 1862. In 1845 he 
com. the storeship " Southampton," of the Af- 
rican squadron ; the sloop-ot-war " German- 
town," of the Brazilian squadron, in 1853; and 
in 1855 was fleet-capt. under Com. Stiiughaiu 
in the Mediterranean; in 1861 he superintended 
the construction of the steam sloojj-of-war 
" Pensacola " at the Washington Navy-yard. 
In her he successfully passed the Conted. bat- 
teiies on the Potomac in Jan. 1862 ; then joined 
the Gulf block, squad., and took pan in the 
capture of New Orleans. 

Morris, John G., D.D., b. York, Pa., 
1803. Dick. Coll. 1823. lie studied theology 
at Princeton, and since 1826 has been pastor 
of the First Lutheran Church, Baltimore. He 
has pub. a number of addresses, theol. treatises, 
and translations from the German ; " Popular 
Expos, of the Gospels," 2 vols. 1840; "Life of 
John Arndt," 1853 ; " The Blind Giri of Wit- 
tenberg," 1856; "Catharine De Bora," 1856; 
" Martin Bchaim, a Discourse before the Md. 
Hist. Soc.," Jan. 25, 1855, 8vo, paper. Edited 
the Lutheran Observer 1831-2, and was co-editor 
of the " Year-Book of the Reformation," 1844. 
He h;is lectured bef. the Siuithsoni;in and other 
scientific bodies on entomology and other sci- 
ences, and has written on the lepidoptera of 
N. A. in the Smithsonian "Misc. Coll^."^ 
Alllbone. 

Morris, Lewis, statesman, b. Morrisania, 
N.Y., 1671 ; d. Kingsbury, N. J., May 21, 1746. 
Son of Kiihard, an officer of Cromwell's army, 
who settled, ah. 1672, on a farm of 3,000 acres, 
near Harlem, N. Y., called Monisania. Adopted 
by his uncle Lewis, he once, through fear ot his 
resentment, fled to Va., and thence to the West 
Indies. Embracing the la'V, ha became a judge 
of the N.J. Superior Court in 1692, and a 
member of the council ; was afterward an ac- 
tive member of the Assembly, and an opponent 
of Gov. CoiTiliury, against whom he drew up 
the complaint of the Assembly, and presented 
it in person to the queen. lie was for several 
years cliief justice of N.Y. and N.J ; was state 
councillor in 1710-38; acting gov. 1731 ; and 
gov. of N. J. 1738-46. Active in bringing 
about the se]iaration of the gorts. of N.Y. and 
N. J. in 1 738. Of bis sons, Lewis was a judge 
of vice-admiralty ; and Robert Hunter v.as 
20 years chief justice of N. J. — Mtm. by liev. /•'. 
Davidson, N. ./. Ulst. Proc. vol. iv. 

Morris, Lewis, signer of the Decl. of In- 
dep., b. Morrisania, N.Y., 1726 ; d. there Jan. 
22, 1798. Y.C. 1746. He was the eldest of 
four liros., — Staats, agen.inthe British army 
andanM.P. ; Richard, judge in theN.Y. Vicc- 
Adm. Court, afterward chief justice, who d. Ajir. 
1810; and GorvERNEtR. Devoting himself 
to agriculture, he ]jossessedat the period of the 
Revol. an ample estate. In the Congress of 
1775 he served on the most important commit- 
tees, and had assigned to him the arduous task 
of detaching the Western Indians from the co- 



MOU 



638 



MOU 



klilioi) n-itb (^n-«l Rriliiin, whiih ho rxi-cutxj 
«ith i>-al Aiiil iitl>ln«>. In iho UvinninK of 
1776 ho r\"!>iu(u"<l hi» >*•»< in Concrx^s, nh«'r«' ho 
was a liil<orioii!> nn>l •onio-aMi' inoniUr; and 
hU Ivamil'ul ami ommimvi- ni.inur m-ar Now 
York was soon artor laiil \ni»io h\ iho Uri(i»h. 
Ilo Kft IVnimtn in 1777, aiij na» attrrv'anU 
in tho Statr iiv<=^-> *i«l ■> niAJ.-p n. of niiliiia. 
Thrwof hi« !wn« mTmhI wiih ili>iiii>'tion in the 
annv, an>l r^^'oiv^-^l iholhanka of Concn-ss, — 
Lewis (N J. Coll. 1774) «a> aitlo to lion. Siil- 
li«-an. ami artorwarvi to lion. ltr»\-no ; 8tvat» 
was aiilo to tK>n. Wayno (his !<>n Lewis X., 
capt. r.S.A., was klllitl at Monton-v. Ij>wi-> 
(»., si)n of the latter, ool. llSih X.Y.' Vols., loll 
at Cold ilarlvr, 3 Juno, 1$64): Jacob, aide 
to In-n. CharKs Iav, artonvani monil>or of tho 
X.Y. AiSH-niMv and fc'Halo, h. SS l>oc. 1755, d. 
10 Juno, IS44'. Ui:< Younv^-st son Kiohakd 
V.kLKNTlXK, cajit. r.S.X. (ap(>. Jnuo, 179S), 
d. Xow York, May 1S15; com. squadron in 
tho \[.-<litomm.an"in lSOa-3. 

Morris, KoutitT. Hnauoior and siaminan, 
1. Li>ii|.H.I, Kn-.,Si> Jan. 17S3; d. I'hila. 7 
Miy, ISO*. At l.s ho o.inio with his fiiihor 10 
I'hila. ; onton>l tho i-ountinp-hoiiso of Charlo* 
Willinsr. and was a [wrtnor in the hu«ino»s in 
1 754-93. I lo was su)K>r\-arjpi in several vovapMi, 
and on one ocousiou was nindo prisonor W the 
Frvnrh. I'rouiinout in op|>»>iiiou to the i^iarop 
Aoi : in siuninj; tho Xi>n-lui)H>rtaiiou Aot of 
1765, tho houw of Willing and Morris made a 
preai saorirtee. UoKxnile to ihe Com. Couj;. in 
1776-*, Mudsignorot tlie IVvl.of Indep. Mem- 
ber of the c\>inmiiti'e of navs and means, his 
perional onMit was exeriovl to the utmost. es(K- 
ciallv at the close of 1776, whon the term of 
servKv of the troops had expirv\l ; |H>rfonuing 
a (imilar servii>9 in aid of lion lirvene's ptvxe- 
cnlion of iho Soullwrn o:»mpaii:n in l7Si', and 
raisins $l,4(Xt,000 to eniibJo Washington to 
proexV'l in the exprtl. whioh resulted in the 
capture of Coniwalli* at Yorklown. In 17S0" 
he eslahlishetl n Ixtnk, to whioh he »ul>!iorib^^l 
XlO.iKKi, mainly to supidy iho army with pnv 
visions ; fi<undo<l the Bank of X. Amenca : 
and Irvim Koh. 17S1 to Nov. 17S4 was snpt. of 
tinanoe, pleilginj; his |>ersonal creilit whone>-er 
his ollioial rtfsourvT"S were iiiadcxiuato. Mem- 
ber of the I'a. lo;;isl. in 17S6, ami of the i>mv. 
whioh framed the Federal Const, in 17S7 ; U.S. 
s»-n«tor 1 7S9-95 ; olferetl the post of see. of 
Ihe irea*., he declineil, and namevl .VIcx. Ham- 
ilton tor that ottioo. He enipyretl with (.louv. 
Morris in the K. I. and Chiu.i mule ; hut in 
his old a;.-* euiliarkevl in vast Uud-s|>eoulalions, 
whioh prove^l niinous to his Kirtuues ; and ho 
j>as»ol ihe laiior vi-ars of his life in pristm for 
debt. .Morris was a rtuent and imprv*>i»i> ora- 
tor, and iM^siss.',! uiuoh (Hiliiioal knowle»lj,-e, 
ami i:r\-ut nopMintin.-e with c>'nor«l alTairs. 

Morris, Koukrt, ohief justioe of X. J. dur- 
in;: ilio Kevol. war, and U.S. judi:« from 17S9 
tu his d. at Xow Brunswick, N.J., May S, 
1SI5. asrilJO. 

Morris, l\oni>RT lltxTKn, chief justii^ 
of N Jor-cy. MUi ol tiov. Lewi« ; d. Kel.. SO, 
I 764. lie w.is S6 coal's one <>f the nuiiicil of 
N.J.: and was liout.-cvv, of Ta. Ihmi Oct. 
1754 to Aug. 17.56. lie rfsicmsl the office of 
chief juslioo in iIk- fall u( 1757. 



Morris, Col. Roasa, b, Knj;. Jan. SS, 
1717; d. Ilun-Sepl. 13, 17»4. Ilo obtained a 
ciipiamov 4!iih KiH.t, Sopl. 13. 1745; aer<>m|>. 
llrmldivV in his ex|>e<l . servin): as his aule-ile- 
cnmp. and was w»un<lr<l at his dofoat ; he 
•s-rviil under Uuidon in 1757; Jan 19. 1759, 
Ih' ro .Mary, dau. of K. I'hillin>e of XVeslohoier 
Co , X.Y. ; pnrrhasrd a innjoriiy in the 35ih ; 
and in ihc « inlet of 175S-9 was stalioni-d at 
Kori Kredoriok ; invasmnBlly cii;.tij:oiI with iho 
Indians, nho harasso<l iho soiilenu'nis in Nova 
Srt>.ia; attaehod to tho. I.,<ini«l>ur(; cronadiiTi 
in Wolfe's expetl. against (jihIkv, bo pnrtioi- 
l>al>sl in the batlle on ihe I'lnins of .M.nilium. 
ami did pix>l servitx" at the Iwilile of Sillcry, 
.\pr. iS. 1760; app. in May. 176i», lieui.-eol. 
47ih; he com. the 3d luiii. in ihe rxped. 
against Montreal under t,on. .^lurTlly ; retirinc 
Iroui tho army in Jum*. 1764. he was clcvalod 
to Ihe exec oouncil of the pivvince, in which 
Iwlv ho took his seat l*ee. 5. Hating adhered 
lo the crown in the Kevol . his name was in- 
cluded in the X.Y. aoi of aiiaiiider of 1779. 
At ihe |>eaee he retired to Kng. His widow 
«univo.l him until July. 1SS5. — t)■^■^lW^;A<Ia. 

Morris, S vli «ii, Quaker prvachor. b I'hila. 
17m: d. iher\> (.tot S4. 1775. Anthony her 
fallior. an eminent prviioher. d. I'hila. .\ug. 
2.1. I7il.«. 67. Sarah lH>s»es^e^l a superior 
underManding. and a s<ioial and agn-oahle dis- 
}H<«iiion, and lnvame an able gos|«l minister. 
She visiuM the Friends in X J.. Md., and Ijnng 
Island: went to R. I. in 1764 : and irarelled 
through Oront Hril >in in 177S-3. — Coil, of' 
Q„„Wr M. ,„.. „,;,. 

Morris, Sr t trs Ia>xo. gen. in the Rritish 
army, b. .Morrisania, X Y., Aug. S7, I72S ; d. 
ISikV Sou of Jutlge Lewis. Capi. S6th Fool, 
May -•'1. 1756: lieui.-cul. S9ih llighlandon ; 
served at the »i»'ge of I'omlichorry in 1761 ; 
brig. -gen. July 7, 1763; niaj.g\n. 1777; gen, 
1796; app. gov. of QueUv 1797. His llr-l 
wife. Iho Duchess of Gorxlon, died 17T0. — 

Morris, Si-saxx.v. Quaker preacher, b. 
16S3; d. Kiohland. Ha. Apr. JS, 1755 Wife 
of .Morris Morris. For moi^ than 4l> years she 
lal>ore<l failhfiilly in the ministry, travelling 
inuoli in .\merica and Kurvi>e ; and made 3 
voyages to Europe, visiting Friends in Eng., 
In'iaud. and Holland — Ca/l. of' QmUrr A/e- 

Morris, Thomas. ,iud!:v and senator, b. 
Va.. Jan. 3. 1776 : d. |)ec. 7. 1 J44, near Beth- 
el. l>. Son of a tSapiist clergvman. At the 
age of 19 he onm;. to the Ohio Valley, and sti- 
llo\l n>-ar the pre>«nt site of Cincinnati, but 
removt>l 10 Clornuini Co in ISiX). lu 1S»)2, 
while engagnl as a day-laborer, and witliout 
an insiruoior, he commeneol the study of law, 
adopted tho profession, and Ivcaino einiiicnt. 
Ehvted in IStie 10 the legi«l., he was a mem- 
ber of the senaie or house lor a iieriixl of 24 
\oars. He was elwtol in lSif9 a juilge of the 
Sup. Ci. of IHiio, and wa« a IVmoe. U..S. sen- 
ator in 1S3.^9; while in Congress be ably do- 
fvMuhsl ib«' frei-dom »f the press, ilw free^lorn of 
s|*«ch, the right of |H-liiion ; ami disiinf;. 
himself as an opjwnoni of s'avery ; in .\ug. 
1?44 ho was the candidate of the Liliertv iwiriT 
for viotf-jiivs. Ills Lite, iijicvxtos, and \Vniia)fl 



MOIt 



639 



MOK 



were pul). liy hin «on, Rev. R, F. Morrin, 12mo, 
C'inriniiali, I H'l.'i. 

Morris, IHomah A., D.I). (McK. Coll., 
III., IHU), l.i-l.op "f tlic M, IC. riiiirdi (c-ho- 
(■eri In IH.'Hi), li. Kiinnwiiii C.i., V'n., Apr. 28, 
1791. lie entcreil llie Ohio Cniif. iii n Iniv- 
fllin;; preacher In 1816 ; »iih orrl. ileiicon, and 
ill 1820 an elder; wan an itinernnt preai-hcr 
ill Ohio, Kvj and Tenn ; anil wan eleeied cill- 
tor oC the Wefltrn Clirinlian Ailniriiln on its e«- 
liililinhiiient in Ciniinnati in 18.3"). Author 
of u vol, of HcrmonH, and » inineelhiny coimiHt- 
in({ of CHSiiyii, bio({. iiketehes, and noten of 
fnivcl. Seli-edueated, and a man of utronf, 
clear wnw, (jrcat niiiiplicily, and a practical 
pnncliiT. 

Morris, William Walton, hrev. mnj.- 
pen. U.S.A., b, HalNton Springs, N.V., 
AiiK. .31, 1W)1; d. Kort .Mellenry, Haltiinore, 
Dec. II, 186.1. WcKt I'oiiit. 1820. DiMin/. 
in en(;aj,'eincnt nniler f'ol. I.,cavi'nwortli iviili 
Ariekarcc Indian', 11 Aw,;. 182'); eiipi. 17 
Dec. 18')6; major of moiinied f'reel: Voh. 
in Fla. .Sent. 1 8.16 to ,Jiine, 18.37; hrev. 
major for (,'allantry in war a;:aiii«t Fla. Indians 
27 Jan. 18.37; itiaj. 4th Art. Nov. 4, 185-3; 
lieiit.-col. May 14. 1861 ; col. 2d Art. Nov. I, 
1801. He was one of the ablest military law- 
yers in the service ; was dlstintr. at I'alo Alto 
and Uesaca ; was military gov. of Tampico, 
and afterward of I'nibla ; on dutv at Fort Me- 
llenry at the outbreak of the llcbellion, and 
promptly tumid his (;iins on -the city of Balti- 
more diiriii),' the riot on the 19ih Apr. 1861. 
Bnv. Iiri(;.-(,'eii. June 19, 1862, for meriforions 
ecrvicr ; and brcv. inaj.-;.'en. 10 Dee. 186."), 

Morrison, Col. Jo<<Eni Waxto:?, b. 
N.Y. Mav 4, 178.3; d. on the passaije from 
Calcutta, 'Feb. LI, 1826 Son of John Morri- 
son, dcp. commiss.-'.'eii. in America. Fniered 
the army as ensit.'n in 1793; and as lieut.-col. 
89ih Ife";.'t. com. the British force at Cbrystler's^ 
Fields, WillininsbiirL', L.C. (jainini; a Victory ' 
over the Aincr. Oens. Wilkinson and Boyil, 
for which he was honored with a medal, bmiI a 
vole of thanks from the li. of assctnblv of L. 
Canada. Severely wounded at Lundy's Lane 
in July, 1814. lie afterwards served in India 
wiili till' local rank of brig.-(.'cn. 

Morrison, William, fur-tr.idcr and cx- 
ploiir, li. .Montreal, C.K., 178.5 ; d, .Morrison's 
I-laiid, Au'„'. 7, 1866. In iao2 he was ap- 
iirciiliccil to the N.Y. Fur Co at Fond Dii 
Lac, and soon liccaine a partner; in 180.3-15 
111' cxplorcil the North-west; and from 1816 to 
1826 had charge of J. J. Asior's business. Mr. 
.Morrison was the first white man who dis- 
covind the sources of the Mpi. River, — an 
honor iisiinlly awarded to Mr. Schoolcraft. 

Morrow, Juikmiaii, statesman, b. Gettvs- 
Imr;,', To., Oct. 6. 1771 ; d. Warren Co., O., 
Mar. 22. 18.')2. Removing in the spring of 
1 795 to the North-west Terr., he was a member 
of the O. Terr, legisl. in 1801 ; in 1802 was a 
d'Icgatc to a convention for forming a State 
const.; was Stale senator in 180.3; was the 
first .M.C. from the State, Bervinc from 1803 to 
181.3 ; was a U.S senator in 181.3-19 ; gov. in 
I822--6; then canal cominiss. ; again State 
fcnntnr in 1827-8; Stale reprc-entalive 183.5- 
7; again M.C. ill 1841—3; and was |ire». of 



the Little Miami Railroad Co. until 1847. In 
1814 he was app. a commits, to tn-at with the 
Indians west of the .Miami. While in Con- 
gress, he was chairman of the eoiii. of public 
lands. — A. T. fivflman. 

Morse, Rkv. Ai>xi;r, genealogist, b. Med- 
wav, M-., Sept. 5, 1 79.3 ; d. Sharon, .Ms., .May 1 6, 
1865. Brown U. 1816; And. Sem. 1819. I)e- 
gcended from Capt. Joseph, who settled ab. 1670 
in Bogifiown (.VIcdway). He was in l«l9-22 
Cong, pastor in Nantucket. Ms. ; siibseijuenlly 
at Boundbrook, N.-T., and in Indiana, where he 
procured a charter for a college, and was some 
time a professor. He delivered courses of lec- 
tures on geology, also devoting himself to 
genealogical pursuits. He pub. " Memorial of 
the Morses," 18.50 ; " Descendant" of Lawrence 
Litchfield," 1 855 ; " Capt. John Oroiii," 1 857 ; 
of " Several Ancient Puritans," 3 vols. 1857- 
60 ; and " Gen. Register of Sherliorn and 
Holliston." — .V. E. 11. wl (Un. n<-<i. xix. .37 1 . 
Morse, Ji;i)ED1aii, D.I>. (U. of Ediiiii. 
1794), cicrgvman and geographer, b. Wood- 
stock, Ct., Aug. 23, 1761 ; d. N. Haven, Juno 
9. 1926. Y.C. 178.3. Licensed to preach in 
1785; tutor in Y.C. in 1786; Apr. .30, 1789, 
installed mini.-.tcr of the First Cong. Chnrch, 
Charlestown, .Ms., which he resigned in 1820. 
Dr. .Morse is the lalberof American geography. 
He prepared in 1784 at New Haven, for the use 
of schools, the (ir^t work of the kind in Amcr. 
This was followed by larger works of geography, 
and gazetteers, from matirials oblaincd by 
travel ling and correspondence, — especially that 
of Jeremy Belknap the historian, Thomas 
Hutehins, gcog.-gen., and Klienezcr Hazard. 
His larger geograiihical works were reprinted 
in Furo|)C. Dr. Mor.se wa» also miicli occupied 
in religious controversy ; in upholding the 
orthodox faith in the N.E. churches against 
the assaults of Unitarianism,— an undertaking 
which seriously affe ted bis health. In 1804 
he was active in enlarging the Ms.Ocn. Assoc, 
of Cong. Ministers; was sole editor of the 
Panoplisl from 1806 to 1811 ; and was promi- 
nent in establishing the Theol. .Sim at An- 
doi'er. Commissioned by the U. .S. Govt, to 
visit the Indian tribes of the N.W., the result 
of his labors was a vol. pub. in 1822, entitled 
" Indian Report," &c. Dr. Morse also pnb. 
"A Compendious Ilistorv of New Knglund," 
Camb. 1804; " Annals of* the Amer. I{evol.," 
Ilarif. 1824; and 25 sermons and aiblresseson 
special occasions. He was an active member 
of the Ms. Hist. Soe., and many other literary 
and scientific bodies. 

Morse, Samuel Finley Brkese, LL.D. 
(Y.r. 1 846). one of l!ie inventors of the elceiric- 
teli-irraph, b. Charlestown, .Ms., 27 Apr. 1791. 
Y.C. 1810. KIdest son of Rev. Jedediah. Ho 
went to Eng. with Washington Allsion, arriv- 
ing in Aug. 1611 ; studied painting under 
Benjamin West; exhibited bis "Dying Iler- 
eiiles " at the Roy. Acad, in 181.3 ; a'ii<l in .May 
of that year received a prize of a gold medal 
from the f»ndon Adclplii for a plaster model 
of the same. Ite returned home in 1915; 
pHinied portraits in N. Hampshire at 815 per 
head ; look up his residence in N.Y. City ab. 
1822, and painted a full lenc'ih of Lafayette, 
lu 1829 he ed. the poems of L. M. Davidson, 



MOR 



G40 



Mort 



with a \»os. sketch. lie was a|;^in in Enc. 
in 1829-32; and, on his return huine, the first 
idea of a permanent reconliii;; tcle^rruph was 
BUBj,'Csio(l to him l>y Dr. Jack-on, liis fellow- 
passenger. In l$'35 he demonsirnied the prac- 
ticability of his invention l>j a model ; filed his 
caveat at the patent-office in 1 8.17 ; |>erfected his 
invention in 1840; and in 1S44 complcied the 
first elcctrie-telc'raph in the U.S., — between 
Baltimore and \Vasain;.'ton. At a coiiveiiiion 
held in 18.51 for the purpose of ndopiing a 
uniform .Mstem of telef;r;iphin^ forall (jermany, 
that of Morse was selected. Prof. Wheatstonc, 
the En(;lish inventor, took out, with W. F. 
Cooke, a joint patent for a niai^nciic tele;;, in 
18.37. The representatives of the principal 
European powers, assembled at Paris ab. 1857, 
presented Mr. Morse with the sum of 400.000 
francs as a recompense for his invention. In 
a letter of .Mr. Morse to the sec. US. treasury, 
dated 10 Aui;. 1843, occurs the first suj.'stestion 
of the projict of the Atlantic tclc;,'raph. Honors 
have been showered upon him by Eur(i])can 
sovereigns, and by scieiitilic and literary so- 
cieties, tic resides on the banks of the Hud- 
son, near Pou;;hkecpsie. Author of " Forci;;n 
Conspiracy against the U.S.," 183.'5 ; and a 
bio«. .-kelih of Lewis Clauszlnij, X.Y., 1836. 
A. lo the real inventor of the electric tele;; , ace 
Dr. U'ynter's " Curiosities of Civilization." 

Morso, Sidni;t Edwards, journalist, 
bro. of S. F. B. Morse, b. Cliarlcstown, Ms., 
Feb. 7, 1794. Y.C. ISU. In 181") he estab- 
lished the Doston Recorder, a weekly reli;;iou3 
newspaper, of which for about one year he was a 
proprietor and eiliior. In 1817 he invented, in 
connection with his brother, and patented, the 
flexible pision-pump. He nflerwurds pub. 
geographical text-books. In May, 18;.'3, with 
his voun;;er bro., R. C. Morse, he e-t«lilishcd the 
iV. y. Olfrri-Fi; the oldest reli-ious newspaper 
in X. Y. Stiiie. In Jnne, 1839. in ronneciion 
wiih Ili-nrv A. Mun«on. he produced by a new 
art, tornicd ceroyrap!iv, mnp-piinis suiK'rior to 
lho<.. I irlirrlo known. Died N.Y.23 Dec. '71. 

Morton, Charles, minister of Charles- 
town Irom Nov. 5, 1636, to his d. Apr. 11, 
1698; b. CornwitU, En-., 1626. Son of Rev. 
Nicholas. Educated at Oxford U., of which 
he was a fellow. At first a royalist, he at 
len;;lh became a Puritun ; was minister at 
Blisl md until ejected in 1662; and, after the 
prent fire in Lond., established an acad. at 
Ncwin^ton Green. De Foe, author of " Robin- 
son Crnsoc," was on; of his pupils. After 20 
years' service there, he was so pestered by pro- 
cesses from the bishops' conn, that he was 
ohliKcd to leave; and came to N.E. in July, 
1686. He was a man of eminent learning. 
Author of a number of treuiiscs, amon;; them 
a " Di-scoiirse on improvin;; the Couniry of 
Cornwall," a part of which is in the " Philos. 
Trans.," Apr. 1675; " Consiileraiions on the 
New Uiver ; " " The Aik, its Loss and Recov- 
ery." Vice pres. of H U., and drew np a sys- 
tem of lo;;ic long in usi- there. 

Morton, James St. Clair, brev. brig.- 
gcn. U.S.A., h. Philn. 1829; d. near Peters- 
burg. Va., June 17, 1864. West Point, 1851. 
Son of Dr. Samuel George. Assist, prof, of 
cng. at West Point iu 1855-7; and in I860, 



by snthorily of Congress, explored the Chiri- 
qni Country, Central Amer.,rorar.iilroail route 
across the Isthmus. (Jn his return be took 
charge of the work on the \Vashini."ion A<|uc- 
duct. In Mar. 1861 he su|>erintendcil ihc tor- 
titying of the Tortugns; eapt. engineers 6 
Aug. 1861 ; app. chief engr. to the Army of 
the <)hio |Gen. Buell) in May, 1862 ; he aided 
in fortifying Na^bville; and whin Rosccrans 
assumed com. of the Army of the Cunibvrlnnd, 
and organized the pioneer brigade, he plae.d 
Gen. Morton in com. ; brig.-gen. Nov. 29, 
1SG2. He rendered efficient service at the bat- 
tle of Sione River, Dec. 31, 1862; was en- 
gaged in the ailvance on Tullnhoina, June- 
July, 1S63; wounded at Chickaiiiauga; and 
brev. col. 20 Sept. 1863; inaj engrs. 3 July, 
1863; superintending engr. of defences of 
Nashville; chief engr. 9th army corjis iu Rich- 
mond campai;;n ; and engaged at the North 
Anna 24 May, Tolapotomy 28-29 May, 
Betbcs<la 30 May, and assault of Pctcrsbup.', 
where he was killed while leadini; the attack ; 
brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 17 June, 1864. Au- 
thor of a " Mcin')ir on Fortification," 1858; 
" Dangers and Defences of N.Y. City," 1859 ; 
and " Life of Maj. ilohn SamU'rs of the En- 
gineers," 1860. — Cullaiii. 

Morton, Jons, a signer of the Deck of 
Iiidep., b. Kidley. Pa., 1724 ; d. Apr. 1777. Of 
Swedish descent. Intelli;;ent and well edu- 
cated ; many years a surveyor, ami a justice of 
the peace ; member of the den. Assembly of 
Pa. in 1756 and for many years subsequently, 
and speaker in 1772-5 ; delcgat ■ in 1 765 lo ihe 
Stump-Act Congress; high sheriff 1766-70; 
subsequently pres. judge of ('.C.P., and a 
judge of the Sup. Court of ihc Province; mem- 
ber Cont. Cong, in 1774-6. Upon the ques- 
tion of adoptin;; the Dec!, of Indcp., tho 
Pa. delegation being divided, .Morion gave the 
casting vote in tlic affirmative. lie as.Msietl in 
organizing the system of confi'deraiion for the 
Colonics, and was chiiirman of the com. of tho 
whole uiion its adoption. 

Morton, Marci.s, LL.I). (II.U. 1840), 

lawyer ami politician, b. Freetown, .Ms., Feb. 
19, 'l 784; d. Taunton, Feb. 6. 1SI)4. Brown 
U. 1804. He studied law; in 1811 w:is cIm>- 
sen clerk of the .Ms. senate ; was M.C. in 1817- 
21; member of the exec, council in 1823; 
licnl.-goT. in 1824; in 1825-.39 a judge of the 
State Supreme Court ; and was in 1840 and 
1843 gov. of the State; collector of the |>ort of 
Boston in 184.5-8, when he resigniKl ; and, 
(luitting the Dcmoe. party, took pan in the 
Fr<e>oil movement. Member of the Const. 
Conv.of HSI. and of the State le^isl. in 1858. 
Morton, Nathaniel, historian, h. in the 
north ot Kn^. 1613; d. Plymouth, Ms., June 
29, 1685. Ho came to America with his fa- 
ther Gi.orL'e (supposed to be G. Monrt of 
" Mourt's Relation ") in July, 162.3. He was 
see. of Plymouth Colony from 7 Dec. 1647 to 
his death. His " New England's Memorial," 
written mainly from the MS. colls, of 
his uncle. Gov. Bradford, was pub. at Cam- 
bridge in 1669; an eilition was primed in 1721, 
and another in 1826. with many valuable notes 
by Hon. John Davis. It relates principally to 
Plymouth Colony, and has been of great scr- 



MOR 



641 



m:or 



vice to later historians. A 6th edition was 
pub. by the Cong. Board 1855. In 1680 lie 
wrote a brief eccles. hisiorv of the Chiirth at 
PIvmoiuh, preserved in Young's " Chronicles of 
tJK- Pil-rims." 

Morton, Oliver P., b Wavne Co., Ind., 
4 Aug. 18i'3. Educated at the Miami U. ; 
adra. to the bar in IS47 ; app judge ,5th Jud. 
Circ. of Ind. in 1852; lieut.-;:ov. 18G0; ;;ov. 
1861-5, rendering great service to llie Gen. 
Govt, during war for the Union; U.S. sena- 
tor for the term of 1867-7.3 ; app. minister to 
Kng. 2.3 Sept. 1870, and declined. 

Morton, S.iml-el Gi;orge, M.D. (U. of 
Pa. 1820; Ivlinh. 1823), a disting. naturalist, 
h. Pliila. Jan. 26. 1799 ; d. there May 15, 1851. 
.In 1826 he established himself as a physician in 
Phila. He was rec. sec of the Acad, of Nat. 
Sciences in 1825, and its prcs. in 1840; was 
prof, of anatomy in the Pa. Med. Coll. from 
Sept. 18, 1839, "to Xov 6, 1843; and was a 
member of many learned societies in various 
parts of the U.S., in Europe, and in the East. 
In 1S34 he made a voyage to the W. Indies, 
where he studied the diversity of races, and 
the relations resulting from their contact. 
He contrib. many papers, on a wide range of 
subjects, to the " Transactions " of the Acad., 
the Mrfl. and Phjsiol. Jouriuil, SiViman's Jour- 
net!, and the " Transactions of thePhilos. Soci- 
ety." Dr. Morton pub. " Illustrations of Pul- 
nion.iry Consumption," Phila. 1834; "An Il- 
lustrated System of Human Anatomy," Phila. 
1839 ; '■ Crania Amnkann," Phila. and Lond. 
1839; and "Crania E'/i/ptiaca," Phila. 1844. 
The former was pronouiu'ed by Prof Silliinan 
"the most important, extensive, and valuable 
contriliulion to the natural history of man 
which has yet appeared on the American con- 
tinent." ills collection of skulls, which em- 
braced, according to the catalogue of 1849, no 
less than 1,512 specimens, of which about 900 
were huimin, is said to bo the tnost extensive 
and valuable in the world. A selection of his 
incilited papers was pub., with additional con- 
tributions from Dr. J. C. Nott and George R. 
Gliddon, under the title of " Types of Mankind, 
or Ethnological Researches, based upon the 
Ancient Monuments, Paintings, Sculptures, 
and Crania of Races," &c. A Memoir has 
bi en pub. by Charles 1). Meii's, M.D., and an- 
other by Geo. B. \Voo<l, M.D An appendix 
to the former contains a full list of Dr. Mor- 
ton's writings. 

Morton, Sarah Wentworth (Apthorp), 
pui tus^, called " the American Sappho," b. 
IJniiinree, .\Is., Aug. 29, 1759; d. Quincv, 
Ms., May 14, 1846. She m. at Qiiincy, Feb. 
24. 1781, Hon. Perez Morton. She obtained 
great celebrity, under the signature of " Phile- 
nia," by her contributions to the Ms. Mag. 
Pub. in I790"Ouabi, or the Virtues of Na- 
ture;" " Heacon Hill," a poem in 5 books, 
Boston, 1797 (sie preface to Paine's "Ruling 
Passion," 1797); and in 1823, in 8vo, "My 
Mind and its Thoughts." Her husband Perez, 
lawyer and Revol patriot, b. Plymouth, MS., 
13 Nov. 1751, d. Dorchester, 14 Oct. 1837. 
H.U. 1771. Speaker of the house in 1806-11 ; 
itty.-gen. of Ms. 1811-32. and a deleg. to the 
State Const. CoQv. in 1820. 
41 



Morton, Thomas, b. Eng. ; d. Aganienti- 
cus, Me., ab. 1646. Author of "The New 
English Canaan," containing an account of the 
natives, a description of the country, and the 
tenets and practice of the Church, 4to, 1632; 
repr. in Force's Tracts, iii. He was a lawyer 
who came over with Weston's Company in 
.June, 1622; and, returning, came ag.dn with 
Capt. Wollaston in 1625, and settled at Mount 
Wollaston, now Braintree. On May Day, 
1626, this place was renamed iVIa-re .Mount, 
and became so obnoxious by the free and licen- 
tious manners and lives of Murton and his 
associates, that he was taken and sent to Eng. 
in June, 1628. In 1629 he returned, but was 
again seized and transported in 16.30, and his 
house demolished, " that it might no longer be 
a roost for such unclean birds." Returning 
again in 1643, after being arrested and im- 
prisoned a year for his " scandalous book," he 
was dismissed with a fine in 1644. 

Morton, WilliasiThojias Green, M.D., 
discoverer of the use of ether as an ainesihetic 
in surgery, b. Charlion, Ms., Aug. 9, 1819; d. 
N.y. City, July 15, 1868. Quitting his father's 
farm at the age of 17, he came to Boston, but, 
not succeeding in business, studied dentistry 
in Baltimore in 1840, and in 1842 settled in 
Boston, where he established a successful 
manuf. of artificial teeth on a large scale. . 
While attending lectures at the med. coil, there, 
the idea was suggested to hiin that sulphuric 
ether might be used to a leviate pain in his 
operations. Satisfied of its safety by experi- 
ment on himself, he administered it success- 
fully Sept. 30, 1846, extracting without pain 
a firtnly-rooted bicuspid tooth. The general 
introduction into surgery of ethereal anaesthesia 
dates from Oct. 16, 1846, when, at the request 
of Dr. J. C. Warren, ether was administered at 
the Ms. Gen. Hospital to a man from whose 
jaw a v.ascular tumor was removed, ihe patient 
remaining unconscious during the Oiieraiion. 
This discovery is, wiriiont doubt, the most im- 
portant benefaction ever maiie by inati to the 
human nice. Various claimants at once ap- 
peared for the honor of originating it, amoug 
them Dr. C. T Jackson. Dr. Morton, in Nov. 
1846, obtained a patent for his discovery, under 
the name of " Lethcon," oflfering, however, IVeo 
rights to all charitable institutions. Govt, ap- 
propriated his discovery to its use without . 
compensation. In 1852 ho received the large 
gold medal, the Monthyon Prize in medicine 
and surgery. He sutfcred persecution almost 
unparalleled in private, and before Congress; 
his business was broken up; and even his house 
was attached by the sheriff for ^lebt. F'om 
1846 to 1854 he struu'glcd incessantly to pro- 
cure from Congress remuneration for his dis- 
covery, but, notwithstanding the favorable re- 
ports of the committee* to whom the subject 
was referred, failed to receive it. The close of 
this strug;;le left him and his family in poverty. 
The principal medical men of Boston, New 
York, and Phila., signed an appeal for a nation- 
al testimonial to Dr. Morton, concurring in as- 
signing to him the merit of the discovery. In 
1858, to save his house from a sheritFs .sale 
for debt, he instituted a suit against a marine- 
hospital surgeon for infringing his patent, 



M03 



64: 



MOX 



which wns dcci.lcd in his f«Tor in the U. S. 
Cimiil Court. (" TrirtN of u Piililio Hi'ncfac- 
tor." hv Dr. X»ih«n V. Kiiv, X.V. 1860.) A 

rmphlit rrsp. hi- riaiiu- wa* piil>. \<y K. 11. 
).iiiii. 1*4;!. Dr. .M. |iiil). n work oil '• The 
I'lhitliti"!) <>f Sul|ihiirii- Kth»r." — S<-o " Hist. 
>lrin"mii>t«."io . l>_vJ. I. Uowiliich sml others, 
1871 ; ninl -e-' nls > i«rt • H"ni«) Wolls." 

Hoseby, Makt Wbdstkb; d.l844, *. S3. 
l»!ii\. cit U"U-rt PIpasants; wifc of John. O. 
Mo*i'l>vii| HIchmiMiil, V«. Contiih. to jioriod- 
mU, «n.i i>iib. in 1S40 " I'oonhontas," tt Ic^nJ, 
with hist, notrs. — AUr'mf. 

Ifosquera (ni'.»-ka'-r»), Port Rrr Gau- 
CIA. a ^|>«^l<h ni<vij;:itor. l>. 1501, !inilt.\l with 
Soli. C«l«>t i» S. Aracric;! in 1526. anil was -nl>- 
Koiin nilv oni> of tho fonnlori of Umno'- A_vre«. 

Moihe Cadillac, Antoink he uv, ioum.i- 

fr ol Urtroit, li. lia-conv, ali. 1660; d. alter 
1*17. Of notile liirih. llo •<nfol in Ai-ndia 
»< n capt. in the Kreni-h artny ; an I in 16><(>was 
orxlerrd to fr.mcc hy Louis XIV. to furnish 
infonniition relative to New Fnuice and the 
Kii^li-h Colonies, and esp»"cially to tlio con- 
Jition of the harbors and dcfcncvs on iho I'-i.ist. 
I'l 1691 he wa> nvide lonl of Boua;;nnt niid 
Mount IK-«on. Xle. In 1694 Fnmtvnae app. 
him com. of Miohiliraacinao. Landin;: at IK-- 
troii, Jnk ■J4, 1701. he laid the foundations of 
the ptvseni city, which he naiue<l Fort I'ontchar- 
Irain. The little settlement hml ainoii;; its 
enemies tlio IriMinois, the Jesnits, the ):\>v.-Kvn. 
and nil the C .n.idiau officials, as Do La Moihe, 
nnlik>- tlicm, rev-eived his commission directly 
tmtn ih ki'i'.; ; and, moreover, this jH>st thnat- 
emd to divert prolii.ihle trade from Montreal 
an 1 Qiiclicc. Arrested at Qncl«cc in 1704 
n -on clmf.;<-s of official misiMnduct, he was, 
alter vexations delays, triunijihantly ac(]>iilie«l. 
He returned to Detniii in tlie fall of 1706. and 
in 1707 inirhcd apiinst the .Mlamis, and re- 
diici'd iheiu to tcnns. Visiting the Lliiiois 
conniry. he n.'(>orte,l the discovery of a silver 
mine, aflerwani calleil the I.t Mothc Mine. 
He next estahlisheil a post anions the Indians 
of .Via. He punishe<l the hostile Naicliei tribe, 
who tnale (wace; and a fort was erv«te>l in 
their country in 1714, namol Fort Ko-alie, in 
honor of Mine, de l\>nichariraiii ; another was 
built at Xat' hito^-hes to prvvcnt the Spaniards 
«t'pr»aehini; the French colonv. .\pp. in 1711 
poT. of La ; in 1717 the Jolin Law Scheme 
was perfecteil. and the p>vt. and trade of La. 
passctl into the hands of the new " Western 
Co.," 'tnd De L> Mothe retununl to Fniiu-e. 
In 1787 the Commonwealth of Ms. coi:firme<l 
to his j^noiddaii^liter Mine. Gn'S\>ire so much 
of Mt I>es<'ri Island •» was not ;ilr>ady (frantiil 

to ..Th'TS. 

Motley, John- I^>throp, LL.n. (11 r. 
186.11 D.C.I.. (l>xf 18601. historian, li. l^r. 
chc-ler, Ms, Apr. IS, 1814 II. U. 1931. He 
S|ii"U a year at ench of the U'liirersitics of 
< ioItiu;.fn and Berlin; nf^erwanls trarelK-d in 
Italy; returned to America; studicil law, and 
was' adin. to the lur in 18.'I6, but did liille in 
the prolcs-ion. In 1 9.'J9 he pnh, a novel, " Mor- 
ton"< Hoik-;" in 1840 was <ec. of le',;ation to 
til.- ctiurt of Unssii. dut xnin retnmol ; and in 
I jlji ;.r kIuccI another historical novel, " Merry 
Mjuni." McaawbUe comrib. articles on l>e 



Tocqncrille's " PcinocracT in America," and 
on (ioelheand his wiitinss, to thc.V. Y. Ilrrinc; 
and on I'elcr tlie lireat to the S.A. Ilmne. 
Bccominj interested in the history of Holland, 
he einUirkeil for Kuroiiv, to pather material, in 
1851, and in 18.S6 pnk in Lmil. 3 vols. 8vo, 
entitlnl " The Kisc of the Dutch I{r|«iMir." 
Thi> work was iranslansl into the Dutch, tier 
man. and French lan;;na;:es, the latter with an 
iniroduiiion by (iuii.it Mr. Motley made a 
short vi-it to the U.S. in 1858. an J in 1861 
pub. ■• The Unitetl Neihcrland"," '1 vols. 8vo, 
i-uinplclinl in 1868 by two ad.litional vols, lie 
has l»va elivteil a lucmlHT of rarion» lcame.1 
societies in Kuro|H- and America, amoni; thciu 
the Iiistiinie of France. He in. a sister of 
Park B»-iijamin. In 1861 he pnb. in the Loii' 
don Timrt an claU'rate es-ay cniith-d " Canses 
of the American Civil War;" and, 16 lK.v. 
1868, del. before the X.Y. liist. Soc. an ad- 
dress entith-d " Historic Protftvss and Amer. 
IX'tnocmcy " Nov. 14. 1866, he was aj.p. niin- 
ister-pleniiio. to Austria; rec.illcil in ISC". 
From April, 1869, to Nov. 1870, he was min- 
ister to Kni;lan.| 

Mott, ( tt>'. Gkksbov, b. Merp»-r Co., N J., 
ISaa \Vas an officer in the .Mex war; licnt.- 
rol. St!i X.J. Ucirt. iul861; co!.6ih X. J. UcRf. 
7 May, 1862: hriii-cen. 7 Sept l*-6i; hr>v. 
maj -pen. lOSepi. 181.4 ; mnj.-jcn. 1 Dec. 1865; 
served in tlK- I'eninsularcain|iaii;n; was wound- 
e»l at the si-coiid laitic of Uiill Run ; com. 
2d X.I. Bri- in Suklos divi-i..ii at Chaifel- 
lorsville, an.l was a:.'aiii woiiiidid; was distin;;. 
at (icttysbur).' ; cum. 2d div. 3d corps in the 
openiiioiis hcl.MV Kielimon.l in ls64-.'i: and 
woii'idc'l 11 f.'iiith time ill the piir-iiii of Ia\'. 

Mott, LicnETi\ (Corriv), preacher of the 
S<Kiety of Friends, !•. Xantaekec, Jan. S. 1793. 
Her p:\rvnts reniov d to Bosion in l!''04, and 
to Phila. in 1809, where, in 1811, -he in, Jnim^s 
Moti, who became a pariner with h.r father; 
in 1817 she took c!iar_-v of a lar^e day-school 
in Pliilo., but bc^an pn-.ichin;: in li r 36ib 
year: she tr*vclied tiirviuuh X.I^., IV, Md., 
and a •iir; ..f V.u. ina> ' in.* ai.iin-t sl.iv. ry, 
and 11 .■ ^ • i- 

ctyo: I ii:. 

and a li 

thcdiM-i.'ii .■! Ii;- >"..':y -.n is... .\ir^. .\I,.it 

adher»\l to the llick-iie p'.rty. Sh.- took an 
jk'tivc |>art in or,;ani.in;,' the AnKri,nn Anii- 
sla\\ry Soii.ty in I'lii:.i. in 183.1. She was a 
d. ic:.-ate to ill. World's AniHav.ry Conven- 
tion in Lond. iu 1 ^40 : but was e.xciiidol frani 
as.-a'.i " ' '.-• ' >..•■..• I. r: i , .., ....... ;i 

to taV- 

take-! 

vonti.'U ... 1 - . ; - - - .t 

\\':i, . ...• , M, l.s6.>. 

Mott. Valkxtise, M.n. (Col. Coll. If06). 
LL.D.. sir.'.on. I: Gku Cove, L. I., Au;:. iO. 
1785; d. X. York, .\pr. 26, 18C5. O.nry his 
father, a distin^. phvsician of X.Y., d. 1840, 
a. 83. Atl»r stndyuiir at Loud, and Tdin- 
bar)fh, he was app'., on his tvtum in 1809, 
to the chsir of snrv?..ry in Col. Co'.l., which 
lost he lill-d »ul»siiiently in the Col!, of 
Phvsicians and Sur.non- until 1S26, and fmm 
1826 till 1830 ill the Kut;.T>rs Misl. Cod. Dr. 
MoU at'tc^^vuTd Icctnivd in the Coll. of Phj*. 



MOT 



043 



MOU 



and Siirjpons, and in tln^ N.Y. University Med. 
C 01 1 . as prot. 01 surgery am I rilative anatomy, ot' 
wiji ,11 latter Imincli of science he is the founder. 
In 1»18 Ur. Mott placed a li^'aturo around tlie 
hr.ie:iio<v|.halic trunk, only tuo ineluw from 
t'lo hMrt, lor aa.-nrisin ol the rislit suhclaviun 
artery ; an o|jer.ilion which the patient .survived 
liG (lays. Ho e.xswied the entire ri,:,'lit clavicle 
for mali-naut cliscJi.se of that bone, applyinj; 
40 li/atures, — the most dan^'crous ami dillicuit 
operation, as h<- liiin-cif asserted, that can he 
perlonned nixin the human hody. Ue was the 
(irst to tic the ijriinitive iliac iirterv lor aneu- 
rism, and was tlie lir.~t who removed the lower 
jaw lo.- necro in. Sir A^tley Coopm- says, " Dr. 
Mott has perlormed more" of the (i;r at opera- 
lions than any man liviri;;, or that ever did 
live." In I S35 he travelled extensively throu-h 
Enj^land, the Contin"nt, and the ivu-.t. lie 
pnb. " Travels in Europe anl the East," 8vo, 
N.V. 1S42; translation of Velpcau's "Opra- 
tive Snr;.'ery,"4 vols. 8vo, N.Y. ; "Anniver- 
sary Discourse " bclore the {.'raduatcs of the 
Ji.Y.U. 180O; " Mott's Cliniqucs," and several 
papers in m -d. piriodicals ; and the " Transac- 
•■""9 of the N.Y. Acad, of Medicine." He 



'ions c. ._ ^ .„^u.>..„c. ,i« re- 
ceived many honors Irora American and Euro- 
pean learned associations. 

Motte, Kebeccv, a heroine of the Revol. ; 
d.m 1815 at her plantation on theSantee, S.C. 
Dan. of an Kiij,'li8li ;,'i'n!lenian named Brewton ; 
m. Jacoh Motte, a planter, in 1758, and was 
the mother of six ( hildren. A widow of fortune 
at the period of the Brit, occupancy of S.C, 
her fini! lar^c mansion was occupied hy a fiar- 
ri-on of 150 men under (;apt. McPIi.tsoii ; 
wjien it_was attacked by Marion and Liu in 
May, 1781, and the expedient was adopted of 
sotiin;? lire to the house by fastcnin;,' lij,'hted 
eomliHsrihlcs upon the roof hy means ot arrows. 
Mrs.Motteherself supplied the means, prcsent- 
iii'.f to J>ee a tine how and a bundle of anows. 
This measure was successful : the garrison capita 
ulated, and the 8amf9 were extiuguislied with 
litth dama!;e. (Jen. Thomas Piiickn ry m. two 
of her dausihters in succession: a third m. Col. 
Wm. Alston of S.C. 

MoiUton, Ellen Louise (Chandler), 
niatrazine-wTiter, h. Pomfret, Ct., 1835; ni. in 
1S55 Mr. William U. Moulton, a Bosi«n edi- 
tor ; contril.. to periodicals from the age of 
15, i-.uder the signature of " Ellen Louise." 
She pub. "This, That, and the Other," a 
collection of stories, 1854 ; ".Juno Clilibrd," a 
novel, 1855; "My Third Book," a collection 
ol talcs, 1859. She has written many articles 
ip prose and verse tor llaqicr's Slag, and 
■ 1 .■(■/.•,')/. — /Jiii/i/.incI:. 

Moulton, Col. Jeremiah, b. York, Me. 
103-<; d. there July 20, 1765. Taken prisoner 
in IG92 by tlie Indians, he was released, with 
other children, in gratitude for the releaw of 
some Indian prisoners by Col. Church. In 
May, 1 724, he com. the company which attacked 
Nonidgewock, destroying the village, and kill- 
ing father Ualle, the' French missionary; he 
cn;n. a rcgt. at the capture of Lonisburg in 
1745; was afterward sherilf of the county, 
coun.iilor, and judge of C. C. P. and of pr'o- 
I'atc. 

Moulton, JosEi-ii White, historian, b. 



Stratford, Ct., June, 1789; resided in N.Y. 
City, where he practised law m.any years He 
pull, a history of early New Voik,""'New York 
70 Years Ago," 1849; " View of the Ciiv of 
Orange (New York) as it was in lC7"t" 
" History of the State of N.Y.," with J V N 
Yates, 2 vols, 8vo, 1824-6; " Clunc.^ry Prac- 
tice of N. Y.," 1829-32, 3 vols. 8vo ; " Mitford's 
Pic.'ulings." 

Moultrie, William, niaj.-gen. Uevol 
army, I,. S.C. 1731 ; d. Charicstun, S.C, Sept 
27, 1805. Son of Dr. .John Moultrie, an emi- 
nent ^physician of Charieston, b. .Scotland, <1. 
all. 1773. His education was respcctalde; an. I 
in 1761 he w.ui a capt. of light int. in the Clur- 
okee c.xped. ; nvinber of the Prov. Congress in 

1775 from St. Helena parish; elected col. 2d 
S.C. Uegt. June 17; and Dec. 19, 1775 l,y 
nlanting a battery in the night at Haddiilrs 
Point, compelled two British vessels lilockadiu" 
Charleston harbor to move farther olf; meiii^ 
her of t!ii^ cinincil of safety; and early in Mar. 

1776 w,,s ordered to Sullivan's Island", where a 
Ibrt made of palmetto-logs was building lor the* 
protection of the harbor. Here, June 28, 
1776, an attack was made by a British fleet 
under Sir Peter Parker, and a large land-force 
under Sir H. Clinton. The gallant and suc- 
cessful detence of Fort Moultrie earned lor its 
commander imperisliablc renown, and saved 
the South fi-om further attack for a long perioil. 
He was made a brig.-gen. Sept. 16, 1776, and 
translcrred to the com. of a body of North- 
Carolinians at Haddrill's Point. In Feb. 1 779 he 
dolcaied a aup< rior British tbrce, under Col. 
tianin T, near Beaufort. In May, with 1,000 
miliria, he oppo.sed the advance of Gen. Prevost 
upoiiCharcstun; retired belbrc him, destroyin" 
bridu'cs, and obstructing his march ; threw tini- 
self into the city, and held it until the approacli 
of Gen. Lincoln. In the sjiring of 1780 hi 
again (listing, him-self at Charleston. On iis 
capitulation he was taken, and remained a 
nnson T until exchanged, Feb. 1782, tor Gen. 
Burgoync; maj.-gen. Oct. 15, 1782; "ov of 
S.C. in 1 785-6 and 1 794-6. While a prisonc r, 
he wrote his " Memoirs," 2 vols. 8vo, 180' 
His bro. ,JonN, M.D. (U. of Edinb.), eminent 
in literature and medicine, was a loyalist, and 
was lieut.-gov. of E. Florida. 

Mount, William Sidnev, artist b Se- 
tnuket, LI , Nov. 26, 1807 ; d. there Nov. 19. 
1868. Bred a farmer's boy, at 17 he was ap. 
preiiticcd to his bro., a sign-painter in NY. 
Placed in 1826 at the school of the Acad, of 
Desi-n, of which he became a member in 
1832 ; he produced in 1828 his first picture. — 
a port, of hinu<df ; in 1829 he established liim«elf 
as a port. -painter in N.Y. A " Kustic Dane," 
in tlie Exiiib. of 1830, attracted much att. n- 
tioii. His pictures of humorous subjects, of 
negro life and physiognomy. Iiave been high- 
ly appreciated. Among his best pieces iirc 
" Husking Corn," " Walkin- the (^rac.k. ' 
" The Sportman's Last Visit," " The Rattle," 
" 1 he Courtship," " Nooning," " Baruainiri- 
for a Horse," "The Power of ilusic," ".Music 
is Contagions," "Just in Time," "Calilornia 
News," " Banjo-Player," &c. Among his 
I'cst portraits are those of ^ishop Ondcrdoiik 
and Gen. Jeremiah Johnson. 



Morr 



(U4 



MO\V 



Mountain,OEOROKJeiio«iiAriiAT.D.n., 

I>( 1. . ^ull ul ilishop Jiicoli, b. Norwich, 
Eiitf., iT JuIt, I78U; d. ncur (jiii'tiw. 6 Jan. 
1S63. Trin.' Coll., V»mb , ISIO. tIrO. dc«- 
con Aug. I8IS, prwsi ISI.1. lit- citmc lo C»n- 
ada uiih hi$ failu-r in 179.1; ufficiatiNl as Ire- 
lurtT in the Qiivtxv I'atlutlrnl in 18U; wa» 
rn-lor of Freiltfiickion. N. U., in ISU-IT. 
when ho lx!canio nviorol' Qmlico ; iin-hdraron 
1S21 ; consc»-. bi^^hup ol Montivrtl 14- Foli. 
l!f^6. iinil in \»M ol (jnclirc While bishop 
ul MiMilrval, he iiilininislorcd ihul enorniou* 
dioci->e (>ince divided inio six), triivellinif 
thi'«u;:h its entire arejt until ISI'J. The wholo 
ol I.. Cnnndfl rviii.iinetl under hi* linptTvi^ion 
until 1850. In 11 visit to the Itnl Hirer in 
1844, he wrote in. my of thixc nilniirv-d |iicc« 
cunlniiK'd in his " Song!! of the Wildeme^," 
Lond. 1846 In IS44 ho foundtsi Ui.«h<i|Ki' 
Coll. IxMinoxville. .\nthor of " Jonrnnl of a 
Xorili-wost Aiiierieiin .Mission," LA>nil. liino, 

18J1. — .1/(VM«. 

Mouutain, .Iacou. 1>.I).. Pr.-Ep. bi.hop 

of yuelKt, I" Thwaiic Hall, Norfolk, 1750; 
d. neiir Quebec. June 16, IS2.^. Kdiicnletl at 
|!io I", of t'amlirid^', and enjovwl in early life 
a |>:irtii'ulnr intiiniicy wiih Mr. I'itt, who in 
1 7a.'i a|>p. him to iho soo of Quebec. He had 
iitvviou>ly hold the livinyi of St. .Vndiew's, 
^orwii'h,' of Bu< kden, and of Ilollioach, a.s 
well as a *tall in Lincoln Catluslnil. Ho was 
the first IVot. prvlato in Iho Canadiw.- He 
promoted the forination of missions and the 
eroetion of chnrchos in all iho nioix> (wpulous 
to»iislii|vs, which ho ivi;ulurly vi-iiod, — oven 
when a;;c and intirniity rtntleivil so vast and 
fati^uin^ a circuit a iiiosi ar<liu>ns and |iaiiifiil 
undertaking. Uoscrvol npun soineiin)H.iriaiit 
oivnsions as u nieinlK-r rx tijficw of U>ili the 
exoe. and Icgisl. councils of the pn.)viiice: sat 
trotpiently in the lornier ca|«ciiy in the Court 
ol Appeals ; au<l was a faithlnl and laloirious 
s«'rvant of the public and ol the crx>wn. — 

Mountford, William, Uniiarian divine, 
b. Worvcster-hirv. Knj:. Kdiicaiol at Manches- 
ter Coll., York. Onl ISaS. In 1850 Uvanic a 
minister at Uloiicvstor. Ms, Author of" Chris- 
tianity the Deliverance of the S»nl." 1846; 
'■ M;irtyria," a let.i'nd, 1846; " Kutlianasv," 
1850; "Beauties of Channinir." with an Ks- 
sav : " Thorjw. aipiiot Kn;;lish Town, and Life 
Tiienin." 1852; and -.Miracles." 12mo. I.<70, 
a tinv Iv book. He h:«s ctinirib. to the I'hn'sl. 
£..1.,.,;.. and the .l/.w(A/» U.l,:kws M.p,.— 
.4 '••-- 

Mountfort, Jons, brev. miyor U.S.A., 
b. U..M...1. 2 Nov. 1789; d. therv 22 iVt. 1851. 
Lient .M .\rt. 24 .Mar. 1S18: brev. capt. for 
Ititile of riaiisbun; II Sept. 1814; brvv. mnj. 
An:: 1829. Disiini; aisu in Seminole war. 

Mourt, G. (s"" 1 I' I>- Youns and 

Dexter I.. Iw C. lub. a Kela- 

tion. or •lournal i I'lantation 

sottlwl at I'lymon- \ _ . l^>nd 1622. 

This was abrid^xtl U\ I'unlias, uhirh abr. was 
repub. in Ms. Hist. Colls. viiL The (wrtj of 
the <>rii:inal relation which are umitieil in the 
Bbri.li:iiient an; in Hist. Colls, ix. 2«i-74 An 
ol i>,ih notes and an inirod by Ker. H M. 
Ue.Mcr wiu pub. 1865, and another, by Ker. 



G<o. B. Checvrr. in 1849, rnliile<l "Journal 
of the I'ilcriins." 

Mouton, ALrHKD, Ren C.S.A. ; killr<l in 
the battle of .Mansfield. Ark.. April 9, 1864. 
Sou of .\lrx., aciinu- !;ov. ul 1*>. 1841-5. and 
U S. senator 1817-42. He was woundeil at 
Shiloh, and, at the lime of his death, com. a 
division in Dick Taylor's army. 

Mowatt (UiTciliK). Anna CoKA. aeiresi 
and niiibur. b. Ikmbanx. Ki.mcc, 1819; d. 
Kni; Jnly 28, 1870 Her lather. S. li. O.-d. n, 
a inen-hani of N.Y., and a leadini; >| irit in 
Miranda's exjioil.. m. a yranil-ilau. of Kiam is 
l.«-wis,si;;nerof the Doil. ol Indep.. and went lo 
Frani"e to rwuiH-ralo his fallen (ortniios. Kail- 
inp in ibis, the taniily ^clunu^l to N.Y.. a.iJ 
suflirod shipwnx-k on the pass.ip.- While at 
scluKit, she attracted the atleniion of Jaini-s 
.Mowati, a lawyer of N.Y.. with wlioin she 
made a runaway match liefore slie was 17. 
•She soon after pub. " iVlayo." an epic in 5 
cantos ; and " The ISeviewers Hivicwed " a 
satire a^iinst tlie critics ol ilic lorm< r iMK-m. 
Her health failiii);, the risitnl Kun>|H-, ami 
wrote "iiuliara, or the Persian Sltt»v." Fi- 
nancial reverses oreriakiii;; her liusliand, Mrs. 
Mowatt. who had appeiitwl in private theatri- 
cals, resolved to five public readiniri. Her 
first was piren at Uodton. iK-l 28. 1841. An 
attractive jH-rson. a »we»'i \oice. and ladylike 
■nanners. acliieviil for her a d»vide>l siic\-o»- ; 
and she continni'J her readin;;s throii;;lioui 
the conntri'. This ocvosioneil a serious illness 
of two years, durini; which time she lai'"., 
under the |isendonyme of " Helen Berkley," 
" Kvelyn." a novel, ami " Fashion," a 5 act 
conie»ly. Under the tuition of W. H Cri>p 
ami Tiios. Barry, sIk- prv)»are.l lierM'lt for the 
sta;^•. and June l.'l. 184.'>. maile her i/<*<if as 
ruuline, in the " Fjidy of Lyons." at the Park 
Theatre. She iH-caine a favorite with the pub- 
lic. an<l becan an en.'a::eiii>Mii at the How inl 
Aihenoium. Boston, Nov. .10. 1S45. In Nov, 
1847, she went lo Kumjio; pliiyol sucw>sfiil 
eii;rajvineiits at Manche-ter, l^mdon. and 
Dublin ; and was at one time Icailin;: lady at 
the Marylebono Tbeatrv. Her husband died 
abroad ; and her stic<vss in Kn:;. w-as at the 
lime larvely due to Mr. 1".. I.. I)an-n|K>rt, with 
whom slic acte»l f'lr many months. After 
her rvtnnt to America In July, 1851. she a|»- 
|K-are>l in all the leading cities, but took learo 
of the staje on U'ln^; marricil, June 7. 1854, 
to W. F. Kitchio, editor of the /I'li-A-o*/ En- 
ijMinr. She afterwarxl live,! in Kng., and 
corpesp. with several Ameri«-nn papers. Her 
other wriiiiii^ arv " Annand." admina. 1847 ; 
"The Fortune-llnnter." 1854; " .\uiobioj:- 
raphv of an Aciress," 1854; " Mimic Life," 
1856'; "Twin l{os»-s," 1857; " F'aiiT Fin- 
Kvrs,'" "The Clersymans Wife and" OiKcr 
Sketrh.-»." 1867; and "The Mute Sin.-^-r" 

Mowatt, Hr.NRT, cant. R.N. ; d. Hami'lon 
K.«d«, Matvh, 1797. Lient. M., wlih Cmv. 
I'ownal, s.livti-il a site for the fort on the IV 
nolMiMl in the spring of 1 759. iK-t. 18, 177.5, 
he SOI on Hrv and di-stroyij a etrat |>ortion of 
Falmouth (now Portland), Me. He ctmiinucd 
on the .\mcr. <x>asl throughout the w or ; lie- 
came a |<ost-<-aptain 26 Oct. 1 782 ; and tras at 
Nova Scotia in !'<>«. 



MO-W 



645 



MUH 



Mower, •T08EPI1 A ,l)r>'V.maj.-f;en. U.S.A., 
I.. \\. all. 18.10; (1. N. Orlians, 6 Jan. 1870. 
He iTioivid a pinin idiicatiuii, uiiil learned the 
trade of a earnentcr Private in nn cn;;r. com- 
pany ill the iltxiian war; a]ip. from Ct. lieut. 
l8t 'Inl'. ISjuiie, IKS.";; eapl. 9 Sept. ISfil ; in 
the opening l)attle.> of tlie war in Kv. and 'P. nn. ; 
prominent in tlie eaplnre of I-iand No. 'IVn ; 
con.spicnun.f at Corinth, severely W(ninili'd, and 
Avas lor a time in the hands i.f lli<' en. my ; dis- 
ting. lor hisfrnlli'i' d' t'eneeof Millilcen's Hend; 
bri;,'.-(;en. of vols. 29 Nov. 18G2; nnijor-fxen. 12 
Anc. 18G4 ; com. a hri^'.ide in the attaik on 
ViAsliurg in May, 18G3, and in the Chatta- 
nooga operations; com. a division nndor Gen. 
Bimks in La. in Apr. 1864, and nnder Sherman 
in the Atlanta campaign and in the Ua. and 
Carolina campaigns, and rose to the eoin. of 
the 201 h corps; brcvs. of eol. for capture of 
Jackson, Mpi., 14 May, 1863; brig.-gen. for 
Fort de Kus.sy, La. ; and maj.-gen. lor passage 
of the Salkeliatchie, Ga., 13 Mar. 1865. Col. 
2r>!h Inf. 28 .JiUy, 1866. 

Mowry, Svr.vKSTiiH, author of " Geogra- 
phy and l{e^ource«i of Arizona and Sonora," 
1865, h. H.l. ab. 18.30. West Point, 1852. 1st 
lieut. .-Id. Art. ; rcsigneil 31 July, 1858. Dele- 
gate to Congress from A rizona in 1 857 and '59 ; 
U.S. eonini. to run honndary-line bet. Cal. and 
tlie U..S. Ter. 1860-1. 1). Lon. 17 Oct. 1871. 

Moylan, Stephen, brev. l)rig.-gen. Revol. 
army, b. Ireland, 17.34; d. Pliila. Apr. 11,1811. 
A bro. of the U. C. bishop of Cork, lie >vas a 
resident of Phila. ; w.ia anion,' tlie first to 
hasten to the camp at Cambrid;.'i: ; and. Ijcing n 
man of education and geiiiie.iianly acMrrss,\ya3 
Belected by Wasliingtoii, March 5, 177G, to bo 
one of his aides-d— cainji ; and June 5 was app. 
comniiss.-gin. Want of exact busincss-halats 
unfitted him lor that duty, and he soon resigned, 
and re-< ntered the line as a vol. Early in 1777 
he com. ilic 4th Light Dragoons ; Oct. 4, 1777, 
was at Girmuntown ; ,July 20, 1780, aceoiup. 
Wayne in the exped. to Bull's Ferry; in 1781, 
with the Pa. troops, aceomp. Gen. Greene to 
the South ; and was made brig.-gen. by brcv. 
Nov. 3, 1783. After the jieace, he resided on 
alarm in (;o.shen; was register and recorder 
of Chester Co., Pa., in 1792 and '93; and until 
his death eoinmiss. of loans for the (list, of Pa. 
Vice-pres. Pa. Soc. Cincinnati, 1800. 

Mozier, Joseph, sculptor, b. IJurlin','ton, 
Vt.,Aug.22, 1812; d. Faid.s, Switzerlan.l, Oct. 
1870. Engaged in mercantih^ pursuits in New 
York from 1831 to 1845; then vi-ited Europe, 
and studied his art at Florence and at Kome, 
where he long resided. His best works are a 
statue of " Pocahontas ; " the " Wept of Wish- 
ton-Wish," in the International Exhibition at 
Ivondon in 1862; statues of "Tnith" and "Si- 
lence," in the jiosscssion of the N.Y. Merc. Lib. 
Assoc.; "Hcbccca at the Well ;" "Esther; " 
a group illustrating "The Prodigal Son; "an 
"Indian Girl at the (irave of her Lover;" 
"Jephthah's Daughter;" the "White Lady 
of Avinel ; " and " Hizpah." — Twhrmnn. 

Mugford, Capt. James, a brave naval 
ollie.rof the Hevol., b. Marblehead.Ms., 1725; 
kill d while r turning trom Boston to Marble- 
licad, in repellinir a l«at-attack on his vessel, 
Jan. 12, 1778. He rendc red most essential ser- 



vice to the cause of liberty by capturing a Brit' 
ish shin. Just arriveil iu tlio vicinity of Boston, 
richly laden with arms, ammunition, and oflior 
warlike stores, intemled for the I{rili>h troops 
ill Boston, and gn^aily n -eded by ilie Aiiieri- 
eans at that early stage of the Kevol. contest. 
Muhlenberg, Khederick AuGi'9Ti,8,b. 
al the 'rij]ipe, .Iiine2, 1750; d. Lancaster, Pa., 
June 4, lt<l(l. Son of Kev. H. nry M. (Jid. 
to tlitt ministry of tin' Lutheran Clir.rcli i.i Ger- 
many ; ofliciaied in Pa. and N. Y. City until 
the British entered; nienilier Old Con nss 
1779-80; member and speaker of the ."stai' 1 - 
gisl. 1781-4; member and pres. of the idihi il 
of censors ; was Ircas. of the State ; pres. of the 
couv. which ratified the U. S. Constitution ; 
M.C. 1789-97 ; and receivcr-gen. of tie htud ol- 
fiee ; and speaker of the 1st and 3d Congies,-es. 
His easting vote cjimed Jay's Treaty into 
elllct. 

Muhlenberg, Gotthilf Henry Eunst, 
D.D., el', rgyuiau and botanist, b. New Provi- 
dence, I'tt., Nov. 17, 1753; d. Lancaster, May 
2.3, 1815. Son of Key. Henry M. Sent ill 
A])r. 17G3 to Ilalle, with his two elder liros., to 
complete his edncation. IIi' left the U. in 1770; 
travelled through a considerable part of Ger- 
many and Eng. ; an<l, returning to Aiii' r., was 
ord., and app. in 1774 third minister and assi-t. 
to his lather in the Phila. eong. Mini ter of 
Lancaster from 1780 to his death. In 1786 he 
was elected a member of the Am. Phil. Soe., 
for whom Iiis herljarium was purchased ; in 
1793 member of the Xiitiirfnrs'iicwlcr FickikI,' 
in Berlin ; of rhc Pliilos. and Phys. Societies 
of Giittingen in 1802; and was also a member 
<tt' various otli'T scientinc associations. II" 
pnb. " t'ahtlo'jus P/diitanim Ainrr. Sfjitfu'..," 
1813; " iJisriintio Vherior Graminium," &c., 
1816; and left in MS. " F/ora L<i>ic(islnViisis." 

Muhlenberg, Iliixnv Augusti-s, cler- 
gyman and statesman, b. Lancaster, Pa., May 
1.3, 1782; d. Rrading, Pa., Aug. II, 1844. Ho 
was educated under the siijiervision of liis la- 
ther, Ri v. Enist. He was pastor of the Lu- 
theran church at Reading, Pa., from 1802 until 
1828, when he resigned in poor health, and re- 
tired to a farm. M.C. in 1829-38, and chair- 
man of several important committees; candi- 
date of the Denioc. party for gov. in 1835, he 
w.is uiisnccessfnl ; and, after declining in 1837 
the sec r tarvship of the navy and the iiii-sion 
to Russia, was minister to Austria in 183lv- 
Dee. 1 840. One of his sons, IIenuv A., M.C. 
1853-4, d. 9 Jan. 1854. He pnb. the Life of his 
unc'c, (ien. Muhlenberg, Phila. 1849. 

Muhlenberg, lli.xnv MtLcinoH. D.I)., 
patri:inli of the Liiilieraii CImucIi in Ameiie.i, 
b. Kimlieek. Hunover, Sept. 6, 1711 ; d Oct. 
7, 1787. He was a jiastor, ami also gave in- 
struction ill Francke's Orphan House at Ilalle. 
In the fall of 1742 he came a missinnaiy to 
Pliila.; but afterward lived at the TiMp|K', 
Montgomery Co. He devoted himself to 
pleaching, searching out and relievin;; the des- 
tiiulc, building up churches, ami visiting dis- 
tant [loints as far even as Ga. In 1 748 he was 
iiistriiinental in organizing the first Luiheian 
synod iu Amer., — thai of Pennsylvania. " The 
Life and Times of Muhlenberg," by M. L. 
Slocvcr, has been pub. by the Lutheran Board 



MTTH 



040 



^rxrN• 



»f Puhliciilion. He was ihe princi|.iil conlrib. 
to tho lhilis,lif yatinrilrm, Hiille. 1:4:-<kJ 

Muhlenberg, J<>ii^ i*i:t»:r Cahiiiel, 

iiiaj mr\. l{i\i>l. nrinv. h. at ilie Tn«p|H'. I'm.. 
(Hi. 1. 1T40; .!. iKMir S.liinlkill. I'li . On. 1. 
ISO". Sonol ilici'ivi-i'din;.-, nml wiih liis hr««., 
wrt< iiliioaiol in ticniiiuiv. While at Ilnllc, 
ho nm away fn>m rolU-jv, and was for n vo»r, 
unil until diM-tivvrvtl l>r n tricnd ul' lii- tiiimly, 
a |iriv.iH' in a ro;;l. of iln«pK>ns His father 
jitxpuu 1 him for the iiiiniMry of the Liiihcnin 
Chiir h. Or>l. in 1772. and oflicialinl as a 
cKT_-_viii«n at \ViMHl>io»-k. Va.. for n K'w yrnrs, 
hnl. Mttrr ihc «>ninn-nifnH"nt of ihc I{'\ol.. re- 
»olvi<l to lay «*idc his ilcrical roUs. mid, enter- 
injr the |iul|iit for the last lime, in the course 
ol his M-niion toM his hearers thai there was 
a time fornll lhiii;rs, — a time to preaeh. ami a 
time to li);hi, — and now was the time to tij;ht. 
Alter the ^cr^■ic^■s, he slrip|M,-il otf his j:onii in 
the piili'it, and, apiH-iirin"; in full unilurin, n-nd 
his evminii.s-ion as eol,, and onleri'U ilw 
dnimmers to l>eat np for recruits. Lttr;;e num- 
bers of his imrishiouiTS joined hi« sinmlan) ; 
and the " German rv';;t." (Sth Va. ) was dis- 
till;;, for its discipline an<l bravery, lie had 
been in 1774 chainnnn of the com. of snfety 
in his county, and also a memlier of the hou«e 
of hur^^^ses. and in 177t> a memlier of the 
State convention. He was iii the bjittle at 
Charleston in 1776; Feb. 21. 1777, was made 
brig.-;:vn.. and onlereJ to take clnu J^.< ol tho 
Va. line ; joininjr tho army at Middlebnxik in 
May followinj;. he was in the liattlcs of Br.in- 
(lywine, Oermantown, and Monuiouth, and 
was nt the eujiture of Stony Point : ho'diug 
the chief com. in Va., in 17S0. until tin- miiAl 
of Steulx-n. he oppo<e<l the invasions of I.^'>lio 
and Arnuhl, and, when Oomwalli» entered Va , 
he WHS next in com. to Lafayette: he cv>ra. 
the tirst bripulc of li^ht inf at Vorktown. and 
at the close of the war was made n ro.tj -ecu. 
Removing: to Pa . hewa- imimsliately ele»-tcil a 
memlier of the council; in KS.i was chosen 
Tiiv-prvs. of Pa.; was M.C. I7!S»-9I. 'g-l-.l. 
and 1799-1^01 ; was I'.S. senator in llMil-2 ; 
and was app. bv Jefferson su|Hrvivor of the 
rerenue lor the llisi of Pa.; in ISftt he was 
made eollecior of the ]>ort of I'hila. — Sn 
!.•/• i7<.V;i. .1/.. ^v // .1. .\MlrHl.rn/. 1S49. 

Muhlenberg, Kev. Willi.vm aco.. 

D.l> ((."ol. ('oil, ISU). was lor inanv rears 
the bead of St. Paul's Coll.. Klushi.ij. L. 1 ; 
now rector of the Kjiis. Chimh of the Holv 
Communion, N.V. iii 1823 he pub. " Chunrli 
Poolrv ; " and has since pnh.. in connection with 
Dr. XVainwiitht. 'Music of the Churih ; " 
" The I'lople's lNaltcr,"new ed I8.">S ; and 
has also pruiluced several liij:hly-<'stceiue<l 
In inns, the licst known of which is," " I would 
not lire ainay." 

Mullaney, •' K. M vmsox, commo. U. 
8 N . I. .\" V. Koi. 26. ISir. Mid^hipin. Jan. 
7. IS 12; lieut. Keb. 29, 1844 ; capt. July 2S. 
l^i'e; ^^)lnmo, IS70 Kn^-ace)! at the capture 
of lahuxii in the .Mexican war; coin, steam- 
rr ■• \Viando\te " at IVnsai-ola, in Apr. and 
May. 1S6I ; and aiditl in protivtiiii; Port I'ick- 
ens Imm reW attack*, and al-o in its re-s'nturvv- 
nient ; com. sieaimr ■" HiciivilK'." Apr. l!'62- 
Aii);. 1864 ; occasionally enga^^ with the 



forts on llie coa.-t ; com. steam-s'oop " Onei- 
da " duriii); attack on Forts Mor^n and 
Gaines, ndiel iron clad " Tennessee." and j.'un- 
Ix'ats, Mobile Bay, Aut: &, 1864; lost left 
arm, and reeciri-d a wouml in the le-/. by a 
i-hell from " The Teniies«ee " in that l.aitle ; 
eofii Mislit. Mfuad. |Si;'.>-71. — H'limnJtf. 

Mulligan, Tot. Jam* » •^ .b. V u-», N V , 
of lri»h patent.s, June 2.\, I8:»0; d. of wnunils 
in Wiuclicster. Va., Ju'y 2«, 1864. His fumilv 
rvmovisl to Chicap> in 1816; niid he, aller|;ra<i- 
uiiiine at the V. of St. Mary of the Ijikc in 
I85<i,lH-pin to study law. In I8&I he aceoiDp. 
J. L. Stephens, the explorer, to the Isthmas 
of Panama. Keturuiii;; to Chiea!;o, he re- 
sumed his simlii-s, and eilinsl a wiikly Catho- 
lic pii|icr. tlie fVrfterii TnUrt. Ailin" to the 
bar in Xnr. 185.%; in the winter of 18.^7 ho 
was a clerk in the dept. of the interior at Wasli- 
in;;ion. Soon after the war bmke out. he be- 
came eol. 2.1 111. Inf; Sept. I. 1861, he left 
JclRTson City for Lexington. .Mo., tiwk the 
i-oin., and dcfemlcd the place heroi»-ally for 9 
days apiinst an attack in ovcrwlielniin;; forvo 
by Gen. Price; he snrrendervsl Sept 2<1. and 
wasexcbanpnl Nov. 2.'> Uctuniinir to I'hica- 
pi. he n.-orjaiiiied his rttt. and, alter a short 
lis-tiirin^-iour in the Ka«tern States, took com. 
of i-amp l)ou<;las. and atterwanl pnrtioipato<l 
in si'renil hani toii^ht liattles in Va. He was 
offeri'd a eoiuinissioii as brij:.-pen., but declined 
it. 

Munford, Wii.i.iJk», lawver and p-iei, l>. 
MirklcnlxT); Co., Va.. Au^-." 15. 1775; d. 
Itichiiioiid. Va . June 21. 1825. Wm. and 
Mary Coll. His father. Col. Koliert MunforJ, 
a Kovol, patriot, w«> the author of two dra- 
matic coin|H»sitions,entiilisl "Tlie Can-lidate," 
and •■ The Patriots." pub. at PctersLurc. Va., 
1798. The son siiidiol law uniler Getirj* 
Wythe; was in 1797-18(11 a memlier of the 
house of dele»»utes ; strvisl lour years as sena- 
tor ; was then a meniUr iif the privy council 
nntil 181 1 ; an I was clerk of the Ikiu!*' of dcl- 
e-,;ate-i from 1811 to his death Ho was al^ 
lor several years tlie n'i<irtir of the derisions 
of the Siiii. Cotirt ol Ain'eals in Va.. of which 
4 vols. (l80tj-9) wcrx? pni-areil in cor junction 
with W,W. Henin:,'; and 6. from 1810 t.. I82<1. 
were fnmi his own pen. In 1819 he a«si.tisl 
in revi-iii"' tho \'a. statute laws. A'so author 
ol an earlr r«l. of Poems. Ac., KichuMiinl. 
1798; ami a translation of the Piinl into 
blank rcrse. 1S46. In 1806 he delivered in 
the ciipiiol nt Richmond a funeral tuln^-iuin 
on his friend Chann llor WytlHV 

MunOB, Jiiiix Baptist. « Spanish histo- 
rian. Ii. Musetio. near Valencia, in 174.S; d. 
Apr. 18«H>. Fducatisl in the C. of Madrid He 
aeipiiivdconsiiK-niMe reputation by his «ritin;s 
on tlu'silo'.iy and philosophy. A;ip <-«>iiio;;ni- 
pher of the Indies by orjer of the kin^. h«- ho- 
lian a history of America, of which he livc^l to 
pub. onlv one vol., umler the title of " Uista- 
ri< ,1 ' .CiMM .U«w/,i." .Mmlrid. f.lio. 1795. 

Munroe, Jhun. Im-v. ml. US. A., h. Seoi- 
h.ii.l ; il. X Bruuswiek, X.J.Apr. »6, 1S61. 
West Point. 1SI4 Kntcring the art., he Iw- 
cniiie cHpi 2 March, 1825 ; brev. maj. for ram- 
|>«i:;ns apiinst the Florida Indians. F< b. 15 
1838 ; major Sd Arc Aug. 18, 1846; chief of 



MXJN 



G47 



art. to Gi'ii. Tiwlor, Jiilv, 1840; lirev. lieut.- 
ii>l. lor M.mURV, Mox'., JIiiv. 1847 ; lirev. 
lol. lor liiitilc ol' 'liuoim Vista, 'Fob. 2.3, 1847 ; 
iiiiliiiirv iiikI civil ^ov. ol N. Mi'xiio, t)(t. 
18ri-l">4.')(i; liciit.-col. 4th Art. Nov. 11. 18.")6. 

Munsell, Joll, printer iiiul eilitor, li. 
Norililiflil, Ms., Apr. 14, 1808. Kstiil.lisliod 
himsL'll ill Albiiiiv, 18:!7; pub. iiiiil edited 
" I'lie New-Vork'StiUe Meeliaiiie," 1841-:i ; 
cnnipiled " AiimhIs o( Albiuiv," 10 vols. 12iiio, 
Alliiiiiv, 18.')U-3 ; " Clironolotfv of Paper and 
I'.iporin.ikiiin." .'idvd., 8vo, 1864 ; " ICvury-day 
li.piik ol History and Cliroiioloi,'y," Svo, 1838; 
•• L'olleotions o'li the Uistorv oY Albaiiv," 3 
vols. 8io, I80.')-T0; "Outline of the Uist. of 
rriiitiui;, and Sketehes of ICarly Printers," 
8UI, is;)'.). He hasal-opub. "Uistoiieal Series," 
111 vols., parily edited unci annotated by hiiiiseil, 
and other hist, works ; and has pub. also the 
Unionist. Allium/ Daili/ Slulif Rrqislir, AUkiih/ 
Moiiiim/ /Csjiress, and ^lalvsninn. His lar^e eoll. 
of works oil printini;; was in part pureh.i^ed by 
the Siaie lor its libr.iry. Mr. iliin~ell has also 
coiurili. papers to" The Trans." of the Albany 
Institute. Pew if any of our hist, societies have 
done so inueh as he in publi.^hiiig Ainer. docu- 
mentary history ; an<l miieh uf it has been done 
wiihonl reinuiieraiion. 

Muusou, vliNi;A8, M.D., physician, b. N. 
ll.ULii,.June :i4, 17^4; d. there dune IG, 1826. 
V. <;. l7.Vi. He studied divinity under Dr. 
.Stiles ; was eliaplain to Lord Liarduer, sta- 
tioned at i,on^' Island in the Prcnch war of 
17r).">; studied medieinc under Dr. John Dar- 
ly ; entered upon |)ructiee at Bedford, N.Y., in 
IT.'jij; and in 1700 removed to New Haven, 
where, lor more than 50 years, he enjoyed u 
hi;;ll reputation. Pies, of the Med. Soe. of 
Ct., and was a prof, in the Med. School of Y. 
C. from itsorf;anizatioii until his death. Dur- 
inj; llio Ucvol. war, he was often in the Ic^isl. 
Uis son ^siiAS (Y. C. 1780), assist. sur;;eon 
Revol. armv 1780-3, afterward a merchant of 
N. H,, d tliere 22 Aug. 1832, a. 89. — TJiackr. 
, Murat, PitiNCK Ohaulks Lodis Nai-o- 
l,iiON' Aciiii.i.E, son of the kini; of Naples, b. 
Paris, .Ian. 21, 1801 ; d. in Jelfeisoii Co., Fla., 
Apr. 15, 1847. After the expuWon of his 
family from Italy, Prince Murat resided in 
Austria until 1821, when he removed to the 
U.S., and settled in Florida. He in. a ^'rand- 
iiicce of Washinjjton, and wrote " A Moral 
and Political View of the U. S," 1832; 
" Annviea and the Americans," 1849. 

Murdoch, Jamks Edward, elocutionist 
and cinediau, b. Phila. 23 Jan. 1811. He 
iii.ide lii> iW"i/ upon the Phila. staj^e in 1829; 
lii>t appeared in the Tremont Theatre. Boston, 
III An:;. 18'!0; and at the Park Theatre, N.Y., 
ill ISIS, as Uenedick, in "Much Ado about 
Noiliiiic ; " and in 1840-1 was niaiia(;er of 
'lie Cb.-stiiut-st. Theatre, Phila. He played 
at the llayiniirket. London, in 1830. In 1838 
be lH)ii;:ht a fiiriii in Lebanon, (). He has 
plaved ill the principal theatres of the U..S., 
ami excels in genteel comedy; be is also dis- 
tin;;. as an elo> utionist ; and, in conjuni'tion 
with Will. Russell, pub. " Orthophony, or Cul- 
ture of the Voice," 12mo, Boston, 1845. Dur- 
ing; the Rebellion, Mr. Murdoek devoted him- 
self to tliu carv of the sick aud wounded sol- 



diers, am) iravo entertainments all over the coun- 
try in aid ol the Sanitary Coinnii^sion. serving 
for a while on the stall' of (n-ii. Uoii^seau. 

Murdoek, Jamks. D I). (H.U. 1819), 
CcHi;;. eler;; viuan and author, b. Westbrook, Ct. 
Feb. IG, 177G; d. Colninbus, .Mpi., An-. 10, 
1850. Y.C. 1797. OrScotili-Iri^hilescent. Mo 
was left an orphan at the a;;e of 14. He stud- 
ied theolo(;y under Tiinothv l>wii:lif; for a 
short time was preceptor oi Hopkins ;,'ram- 
mar-school. New Haven, and iiLso, Ibroiir vi'ar, 
of Dneida Acad. Licensed to preach in J.in. 
1801 ; ord. minister ol Piiueeion, Ms., June 2'i, 
1802; in 1815 be became prof, of am-icnt Ian- 
);ua;;es in the U. of Vt. ; and from ISIJ to 
1 828 was prof, of sacred rhetoric and eceles. 
hist, in the And. Tliiol. Seiii, In 18J9 he 
rcinoved to New Il.iven. While at Andovcr, 
he iiub. two discourses on the Aioneinent. He 
pub. a translation from tlie lierinau of Miieii- 
scbrr's " ICIenu'iiIs of DoituKciic History " in 
18:iO; a translation ol .Moslniin's " Kecles 
Hist.," accoinp. bv notes, 3 vols. 8vo, 1832 
and "Sketehes of Moral Pliilos.," 1842 ; a 
literal tniiislation of the New Test., from iho 
Pusehito Syriae version ; and a tran-lation, 
from the Latin, of Mosheiiii's " Comineutiiiirs 
on the Aftairs of the Christians beliire the 
Time of Constantino the Great," 8vo, N.Y. 
2 vols. 1852. Pres. of the Ct. Acad, of Arts 
and Sciences, vice-pres. ,of the Ct. Philolog. 
Society, and one of the founders of the Anicr. 
Oriental .Society. A iioiice -of him is in 
"Brief Memoirs of the Class of 1797," by 
Tlio< Dav and James Miinloek. 

Murphy, Hunuy Cuudk, politician and 
author, b. Brooklyn, N.Y.,3 July, 1810. Col. ' 
Coll. is;)0. Adiii. to the bar in 18.-i:i ; prac- 
tised in Brooklyn; was city atty. ; mayor in 
1842; M.C. 184.3-9; meiuber of the' State 
Const. Cony, in 1846; minister to Holland in 
1837-Gl; and, since, a member of both branches 
of the State le^isl. In early Hie he was a coii- 
trib. to the Amer. Quuikili/ lltrino and o.ii r 
periodicals. He has written much in illu-ir.i- 
tion of the early Dutch history of N.Y. For 
the N.y. Hist.'Colls. he translated De Vrie's 
" Voya-es from Holland, 1032-44, "and " 15ro:id 
Advice to the United Netberland Provinces;" 
"Antholo-y of New Xctherlaiid. or Transla- 
tions from the Karlv Dutch Poet.- of N.Y., 
with Jleinoirs," 1865. In 1868 he pub. a 
trnnsl. of a Journal of a Voyage to N.Y. in 
1679-80. — .b'ce \ollce in iJcmoc. Htc. xxi. 78 ; 
iJuiiekinrh. 

Murphy, John, cov. of Ala. 1825-9, h. 
S.C. 1780; d Clark Co., Ala., Sept. 21, 1841. 
S.C. Coll. 1808. He was clerk of the senate 
of S.C ; and M.C. from Ala. in 1833-3. 

Murrah, Pkxdi.i;tox,)j;ov. Texas 1803-3; 
b. Ala.; d. .M.mterey, Mcx., 23 Sept. 1863. 
Brown U. 1848. 

Murray, Co.m. Ai.bxander, senior officer 
of the U.S.N., b. Che.stertown, Md., 1733; d. 
at his scat near Pbila. Oct. 6, 1821. His 
(;i:iiidfatlicr, wlio settled in Barbadoes, was an 
adiicrcnt of the Pretender; and his f.itlur was 
a physic ian. He went to .sea early, and com, 
a vessel in the Luropean tiiide at the a;;e of 18. 
App. n lieut. in the Revol. navy at 21 ; and, no 
vsescl being io readiness to receive him, he 



AITJB 



648 



:>njK 



acnrcd in Smiillwood's Md. rcgt. Bt White 
Plains Flatbu»h, and N.Y. ; was made a capt., 
and MTvcd bravely to the close of the ciimpaijjn 
of 17'T. Aboui ihc time of the eviHiiniiou of 
New York, lie was severely injurcil hy the 
bursiing of a piece of ordimncc in a biiilery at 
whieh he was stationeil. He lom. at different 
periiids several liiiers-«f iniin|uc. and in a 
number of well-fon;:hl naval aciiuns exhibitwt 
intn'pidity and >kill. lluving lieen capiured 
by an Kiii^lish fleet, and soon afierwnnis cx- 
rliaiiyed, lie volunteered his services as a lieut. 
on lM>nnl the frigate "Truniliull," whieh, after 
clearing ilic ea|Ks of Delaware, and dm ing a ter- 
rible Sturm at night, was attacked and taken 
by two British vessels of war. In this san- 
guinary engagiinent Murniy bchaied with lil- 
ting. gallan:ry, and was sivea-ly woumled On 
his recovery and cxeluin;;e. he was sclceic<I as ■ 
first li -111. of" The Alliance " frigate, com. Bar- 
rv. He was in 13 liaiilesin the army and navy. 
When our govt, organized a navy, he was com- 
missione<l capt. (Jidy I, 1798) ; the com. of the 
corvene " Jlonie/.nma," 20 guns, was given 
him ; and he subsequently com. the frigates 
"Insurgent" and •'Constellation." Being 
despaiihud with n sipuidrou to the Mediterra- 
nean in 1842, his sliip, while alone, was at- 
tacked by a squadron of Tiipoline gunboats, 
which he drove into their own harbor. 

Murray, Ali;xas»>kr. commo. U.S.N. , b. 
Pa., Jan. 2, ISIS. .\Iidshi|im. Aug. 22, 18.1.5; 
lieut. Aug. 12, 1847; coin. July 16, 1802; 
c«iit. July 25, 1806; commo. 1871. Engagcdat 
Tabasco", Tuspan, and Vera Cruz, ami slightly 
, wounded at Alvnrado, during the Mexican 
war; in eoa-t survey 1840-9 and 1837-9; 
coin, steamer "Louisiana," X.A.B. squad., 
1861-2 ; at re|)nlse of ri'bel steamer " Vork- 
town," off Newport News, Sept. 1861 ; battle 
of Ifoanoko I-land, Feb. 8, 1862; destruction 
of Lynch's fleet, Feb. 10, ami battle of New- 
bcni," Feb. 14, 1S62; engaged with VVisc's di- 
vision, Imttle of Wiuiou, N. C, 1862 ; com. 
naval forces at battle of Kinston, N.C., and at 
repulse of Hill's forces from Newborn, N.C. ; 
com. naval cxpcd. up the York and Pamunkey 
Rivers, destroying 27 vessels, in May, 1862; 
on special duty in the sounds of N.C. 186.3; 
com. sicainer " Augusta," siM.'cial service, 1866- 
7.— //.i;/..«/y. 

Murray, Jami;9, a British gen.; d. Juno, 
1794. He was 5th son of the 4ih Lord Eli- 
bank ; was made lieut -col. 15th Foot, Jan. 5, 
17''1 ; servetl with Wolfe in the cx|>etl. against 
Kochefort ; Jan. 5, 1758, was made col. in 
America in the cxped. against Louisbiirg, 
whore he com. the 2d brigade ; was junior briga- 
dier under Wolfe at Quebec in 1739, com- 
manding the 3d bi ig. on the Plains of Abraham ; 
was app. gov. of CJuelicc, Oct. 23. 1759; was 
coiuiiii>sioncd col. coin. Isi bait. Uoyal Amer- 
ican rcgt. Oct. 24 ; inaj.-gcn. Julv, 1762 ; gov. 
of Quebec, Nov. 21 ; 1763, to 1766; col. 1.1th 
Fool, Dec. 1767; lieut. gen. May 23, 1772; 
lieut. -gov. of Minorca in 1774; gov. 1778; 
cen. 1783; gov. of Hull 1785; and col. 21st 
Kusi'ecrs, June 5, 1789. Though defeated by 
De L<vis in the second battle of Qucl>o<-, yet bv 
his courage and ability he held Quel>ec until 
■id arrived from Eng. ' Gen. Murray was sub- 



sequently disting. for his gnllsnl though un- 
successful defence of Minorca, in 1781, against 
Ue Crillon. 

Murray, James, n partisan officer in the 
service of the E.LCo., b. Exeter, R.L.ab. 1765; 
d. 1806. In conse<|uciice of a quarrel with his 
family, he went to sea in early life, changing 
his name (Lillibrlilge) to that of Murray, lii 
1790 he entered ilie service of Holkar, the fa- 
mous Mahruttu chief, and mkiu iKtaine noted 
for his bravery and military skill. Incurring the 
dispK-asure of Holkar by his humanity lo some 
British ollicers, ufier 15 years' service he alian- 
doned him. and, raising u l.irge force, (H-cupled 
as a soven'ign a large dist. When the war 
broke out Ir'Iwccu the British govt, and Sciu- 
dia, .Murray joined LortI Lake with a body of 
7,000 cavalry, and was employed by him in many 
dangerous and iin|iortant services. At the 
sii-gc of Bliuripore he was in continual action, 
and attaiiiitl the characier of U-iug the lust 
piirti'-an oHicor in the army. At the close of 
the war, having acquired a large fortune, he de- 
termined to return to America. At a splendid 
entertainment given by him a few days lielore 
his intended dcpartura from Culeutia, lie 
inounie<l a favorite Arabian horse to leap over 
the diniii^-iable, — a feat which he had often 
mTloiuml for the entertaiiiinent of his guesi« ; 
but the lior^e, having his feet cniaiigled in the 
carpet, thn'W his rider, wh6 died Intm his inju- 
ries soon alter. He was tlie Ix-st hor>cinaii in 
Inilia, and unrivalled in the use of the broad- 
swonl. 

Murray, Jauks, of NewcasiU'-upon-Tyne, 
a ilis-eiuin^ divine and author; d. Eul'. 17S2. 
Author of " History ol the American War," 4 
vols. 8vo, Ixindon,'july 29. 1778; ".Sermons 
to Asses," 12iiio; and "A History ol the 
ChiMi'lies of England and Scotland,' 3 vols. 

Murray, Jons, the founder of Univer.-alisin 
in Anier., and uu eUM|uciit preacher, b. Alton, 
Hainpsliiiv, Eng., I)i-c. 10. 1741 ; d. Bosion. 
Ms., Sept. 3, 1815. His pious parents, who 
brought him up strictly, rvmoved with him to 
Cork, Ireland, in 1752. He early bv'came a 
ctmvcrt to Mcthmlisin, and an o<'casional 
preacher in Wesley's connection. Ueturiiing 
to Eng. ab. 1760, he adopted L'nivcrsalisni ; 
emig. to the U.S. in 1770 ; and pn-Hchcd in 
N. Y., N. J., and sub.seqnenily in Newport, 
Boston, Portsmouih, N'.ll , and other plac-s in 
New Eng, where his docirincs oiva-ioiially 
subjected him to violence. Ue resiiled in 
liloucesicr, Ms., in 1774, and was onU-red to 
de|i<irt on suspicion of being a Briii^h emissary ; 
but, through the exertions of his friemls. he was 
cnableil to remain and preach. In the spring 
of 1773 he was chaplain of the H I. bri:ra le Ikv 
foix' Boston ; but a severe illness icnninated this 
connection, and he reiunied to Gloucester, 
where he was established over a socii ly of 
Universalists. He took |uirt in the first L'ni 
versalist eonvontitm at Oxforil. ,\|s.. 1783, and 
for a nnmtier of years was a delegate lo the 
gi-n. eom°ention of that liody. In 1788 he 
visited Eng. ; and in 1793 was installol over a 
society in Bosion, whore he passed the re-st of 
his liie. He publishol 3 vols, of Letters, and 
Skotcht^of Sermoas, 18ia-13; and wrote aa 



MXTR 



G49 



Mxrs 



Autohiogrnphy, of which the 8th edition was 
pull, in 1»60, i2ino, Boston. Ilis widow, Jo- 
uiTii Sakoest, si.ster of Winthrop Siirctiit, a 
nulivc ot Cajie Ann, d. Naichc7„ Mpi., June 6, 
18:;0, 11. 69. She wrote " The lUpository and 
Gleiimr," .'J vols. 1798, over ihc iioni ile plume 
" Coiisiantia : " also poetical essays, signed 
" llonoriii Martcsia," in the lioslon Weakly 

Murray, John, Pre»b. minister, b. Antrim, 
IrcLuul. .il May, 1742; d. Newlmryport, Ms., 
l.-i .Mar. ITlr.J. Educated at Ediiiljui(,'h. He 
caine t<i Anier. in 17G3; settled first as a pas- 
tor at I'hila. ; from 1767 to 1779 in Bootlibay, 
Me. ; and from 4 June, 1781, till his d., at Ncw- 
buryport. Such was his eloquence, that a full 
company was raised lor the Uevol. army in 
two hours after liis addre>s for that purpose. 
He acquired (;rcat ascendency over the people 
of his district by his powers as a preaelnr and 
his patriotic activity. In Au^'. 1777 he held a 
eorresp. with Com. Collier about an exchange 
of prisoners. He pub. 3 sermons on Ju>titiea- 
tion, 17.su ; 3 sermons on the Urigiual Sin im- 
puted, 1791. 

Murray, Lindley, grammarian and au- 
thor, li. Sweiara, near Lancaster, Pa.. 174.5 ; d. 
near York, Eng-., Feb. 16, 18il6. His lather, 
who removed to New York in 175.!, was a 
member of the Society of Friends, and a mer- 
cliant. The son, after receiving a good educa- 
tion, studied law ; was adm. to the bar in 1 766, 
and soon after married. His limited praclice 
was temporarily interrupted by a visit to Eng. ; 
but, on his return to New York in 1771, he re- 
newed it with more success. Mr. Murray's 
religious principles preventing him from taking 
part in the Kevol. struggle, ho retired to Islip, 
L.I., and employed his leisure in an abortive 
aiiempt to make salt. The bar, at this period, 
holding out little prospect, he became, like his 
fatlier, a general merchant in N.Y. City, and 
with such suecesii, that he was enabled, near the 
close of the war, to retire Irom business with a 
han<lsome competency. In 1784 he made a 
second voyage to Eng. for his health, and pur- 
clia.sed a small estate at Iloldgatc, about n mile 
from York, upon which he resided till his death. 
I:i 1787 he pub. a tract entitled " The Power of 
lieligion on the Mind," which passed through 
1 7 editions, liis next work, and that by which 
he is princijially known, was his " English 
Grammar," hist pub. in 1795 ; succeeded by his 
"English Exercises " and " Key," an abridg- 
ment of which treatises was, in 1797, pnb. in 
one volume. His other writings are " The 
English Header," witli an introduction anil se- 
quel ; " The Eng. Spelling-Book ; " a new edi- 
tion of his Grammar, E.xcrcises, and Key, in 
'2 8vo vols. ; a seleeiion from Home's " Com- 
mentary on the Psalms ; " and " The Duty and 
Benefit of Heading the Scriptures." He wrote 
a memoir of his own lile, nub. after h\i decease, 
with a continuation by Elizahcth Frank, York, 
1826. His bro. Jons, Jun., philanthropist of 
N.Y., b. 3 Aug. 17.58, d. 4 Aug. 1819. 

Murray, Nicholas, D.U. (Wms. Coll. 
184')), elergvman and author, b. Ballynaslow, 
Ireland, 25 'Dec. 1802; d. Elizabclhtown, N.J., 
4 Feb. 1861. Wms. Coll. 1826. He came to 
the U.S. in 1918, and was apprenticed in the 



printing-house of Harper & Bros. He studied 
theology at Princeton, N. J ; was settled |ia»tur 
of a Presb. church in Wilkesbarre, Pa., in 
1829 ; and from June, 18.']3, t<i his <leath, was 
pastor of the First Church, Elizabeihiown, N J. 
Moderator of the Presb. Gen. A»seinl)ly (O.S.) 
in 1849. In 1853, and again in 18G(i, he visited 
Europe. His " Letters to Archbishop Hughes," 
under the signature of" Kirwan," pull, in 1847, 
controverting with shrewdness and ability some 
of the doctrines and practices of the li.C. 
Church, were extensively rejirinted in other 
lands, and gave him considerable reputation. 
He also pub. " Notes, Historical and Biog., 
concerning Elizabethiown, N. J.," 1 844 ; " Ho- 
manism at Home," 1852; "Men and Things 
as I saw them in Europe in 1853; " "Parish 
and other I'encillings," 1854 ; " Happy Home," 
1859 ; " Preachers and Preaching," 186U ; 
"American Principles, and National Prosperi- 
ty ; " and a series of Letters to the A'. 1'. Observ- 
er during his last visit to Europe. A posthu- 
mous vol. of his sermons, entitled " A Dying 
Legacy," was pub. 1861. An interesting me- 
moir of Murray is in a vol. of Memoirs by 
S. I. Prime. 

Murray, Rev. William Hen. Hakkison, 
Cong. cler;;yiuan, b. Guilford, Ct., 26 Apr. 
1840. Y.C. 1862. Licensed to preach in 1863, 
he officiated several years in Greenwich and 
other places in Ct. Since Nov. 1868 he has 
been nastorofPark-st. Church, Boston. Author 
of" Camp-Life in the Adirondack Mountains," 
18G8 ; " Music-hall Sermons," 1870. Eminent 
as a pulpit-ora'or and a lyceunilecturer. 

Murray, William Va.ns, diplomatist and 
orator, 1). Aid. 17G2; d. Dee. 11, 1803, at his 
scat in Cambridge, Md. Keeeiving a classical 
educniion, he went to Lond. after the peace of 
178'i, and studied law in the Temple. The ob- 
servations of Price, Turgot, and Mably, sug- 
gested his pamphlet on " The Constitutions 
and Laws of the U.S.," which was much com- 
mended. He returned to Md. nb. 1785, and 
engaged in the practice of the law. Member 
of the Md. legisl., and of Congress in 1791-7. 
His name is conspicuous in the legislative an- 
nals of that period, few equalling him in elo- 
quence, or the other qualifications of a member 
of a deliberative assembly. App. by Washing- 
ton miuister-plenipo. to the Batavian repub- 
lic, he restored the harmony which had been 
interrupted by the influence of France, and was 
app. by Pres. Adams sole envoy-extraordinary 
to the French republic. Judge Ellsworth anil 
Gov. Davie were afterwards assoc. with him. 
Mr. Murray assisted in making the convention 
which was "signed at Paris, Sept. 30, 1800, be- 
tween America and France ; then returned to 
his station as minister resident at the Hague, 
and ill Dee. 1801 to his own eonntry. 

Musgrave, Sir Thomas. 5th bart., a 
British gen., b 1738 ; d. Dec. 31, 1812. Capt. 
64th Hegt. 1759; brev. major 1772; li' ut.-col. 
40ih Uegt. Aug. 28, 1776; col. and ai.le-dc-eamp 
to the king 1782; brig.-gen. in Amer. 1782; 
maj.-gen. 1790; geii. 1802. He w.as wounded 
at the battle of Pelham Manor, Oct. 18, 1776. 
At the battle of Germantown, Oct. 4, 1777, ho 
saved the day by throwing himself with 5 com- 
panies into bhew's stone bouse, where he sue- 



MTJ3 



650 



NAG 



cessfully liolJ che Amcr. furcc* ai bny until the 
rcpiil<f<l liriii>li culuiiin:> cutiltl rilly ; anJ the 
Aiiu'ricaiis were cuiniiellitl tu aluiiulon thcliclil 
oil wliit-h iIh'V caiiif 6o near kik-oos. 

Muspratt, Si»an Wtuu, will known to 
the IhL'uirieui world m Mi^s Su^aii Cnsluuan, 

iariieularlv lamed lur her delineation of 
uliet; b.'U..Mon. M.ir. 17, l?;ii; d. Liver- 
pool, Kn^.. May II, l!«J9. Vounjrcr ^i^ter of 
Miss Chariuiie CuAliman: in., 1st, N. .M. Mer- 
hniun of Uosioii. Mar. 14, lt>.'lC; 2d, I'rof. J. 
S. Mn!>|iralt of lliu Liverpool Uoyal Coll. of 
C'lienii^iiv, Mar. -J J, liS4:>. She lirst appeared 
upon the sia;,'e in N.Y. (.'ilt in 1837, and, alter 
a lirillianl eareer of l()year:s' acting in ICuro|H; 
and AHiiriea, iviiied (roin the stu^'c in Liver- 
pixd III 1847. 

Mussey, Uiiliiex Dimonu. >M) ,LL.I). 

iDarun. Coll. If J4), snr^eon, b. IVIIiani, N.II., 
unc :>:), 17!<0; d. Boston, .lune 21, ISIJG. 
Dartni. Coll. I8U3; Phila. .Med. Seliool 1809. 
Uu praeli^ed in tSalein Iron) I8J9 to 1814 ; was 
prut, of phrsle at Uartm. from 1814 to 1819, 
and of anaioiny and snr);ery until in 1838 he 
became prol. of siir;;ery in the Ohio Med. Coll. 
lie re.-i;;iKil in 1852. and until ISOO was prof, 
of suruery in the Mi.tini Jleil. Coll. ; he then 
settled ill Boston, and pub. " Health, its Kriend^ 
and its toes." In IS.jO he proved what Sir 
Astley Coojier had said was iinpos.'-ible, — that 
intra-capsular fiaciui'cs could he re-united. Uu 
was the first to tie both carotid arteries. In 
18<'37 he removed the entire shoulder-blade and 
collar-bone of a patient »nlT°ering from osteo 
suicoiiia, — the lirst operation of the kind on 
record. He was an early laborer in the temper- 
ance cau>e, and applied the same principle to 
ariicio of diet. Pies, of the N.H. Mtd. Soc. 

Muter, Ukorge, chief justice of Ky.; d. 
May y, 1811. App. in 1777 lieut.-e'ol. of 
Mai-shdi's Va. Art. Ke-t., l{cvol. army. 

Mutis, Dos JosK CiiLii8TiNO, S|>anish 
botanist aii<l physician, b. Cadiz 1732; d. 18U8, 
leavinj; unlinished his " Flora of New Grana- 
da," — a most valuiible work. He bi came prof, 
of anatomy at Madrid in 1757; and in 17GU 
accomp. the .Spanish viceroy to S. Amer. as 
his physic ian, and, devoting hiinsJf lo.soieiitilic 
explorations, was the lirst to distin^'uish t.ie 
variou-i species of cinchona, the ditrereiil proi>- 
erties of which he has described in his '■ IJisUiiia 
delus Aibolexlfl Uuimi." App.in 1790director 
of till- Koyal Acad, of Xat. Hist, at Santa Fe. 

Muy, JliAX Baptistis 1-ouis 1'iiilii-i>e 
1>K I'Ki.ix. Coiiitu du.B Freneli geii.jb. Olieie.'«, 
\)w. 2.), 1751 ; d. Paris, in June, 1820. He 
cniered young into the service, and in 1775 
recei.ed from his uncle. Marshal Uu May, sec. 
of war, the coin, of the ri'gt. of Soissonnais. 
Siiccceiliiig to the title ol liis father, Oct. 10, 
1775, he made, at the head of his n.';:iinenl, 
thi-ec campaigns of the Aiiieriean war, 1780-2, 
anddisiing. himself at Yorkioivii. Made mare- 
chal-de-cainp in 178:^; sen-ed in 1792 in the 
Army of the South, being named gen. of divis- 
ion ; in I79.'i was insp.-gen. of art. in the Army 
of the North ; served in Kgrpt; was captured 
by the Knglish (vliile on his return to France ; 
was soon afterwards exchanged ; made the cam- 
pai::n of 180ti aiiainst the Prussians and Uiis- 
siaus ; disliiiij. himself, atjd obtained the govt. 



of Sileaia. In Jan. 1811 he was eliTlcd to tho 
senate ; com. the 2d military division at Mar- 
seilles in 1812-14, and was called to the cham- 
ber of |M'ers ill 1815. 

Myers, Alulut J.,brcv. brig.-gen. U.S..\., 
b .NY. Leiieva Coll. 1847. M.l>. U. of 
Biiftalo, 1851. As-i=t. surgeon U.S.A. Se| u 
1854 ; maj. and chief sigiiul-oflicer U.jc.A. 
July, 1860; aide to Gen. McDowell at Bull 
linn ; com. signal corps. Army of Potomac ; 
col. signal corps. Mar. 18ijl; iiiirod. study 
of luilit. signals at West Point, 18(i3; chief 
sig. oil', div. \V. Mpi. May, 1804; brev. lieut.- 
col. for services at Hanover C. H., Va. ; col. 
for Malv. Hill, and brig.-gen. for disi. services 
in the signal corjis, especially Oct. 5, 1864, in 
saving by timely signals the post and garrison 
of Allaioona. Ga. Author of "Manual of 
Signals for U.S A. and Navy," 18G8.— Iltmi. 

Myers, PkTKR Haujltu.x, novelist, 
ineiii.'cr ol the Brookhn b.ir; b. Herkimer, 
N.Y., Aug. 1812. He has written " The First 
of the KiiiekcrlMckers, a Tale of 1673," 1848 ; 
" The Young Padrone, or Christinas in 1690," 
1849; " The King of the Huroiis," 1850, repuli. 
in Kng. as " Blanche Montaigne ; " ami " The 
Prisoner of the Border, a Tale of 1838," 1857. 
He li.is aiso wriiien 5 iirize lales, for Sot wliich 
("Bell Brandon," " The Miser's Heir," and 
" The Van Veldoiis ") he received priws of 
$200 each. In 1841 he delivered a poem on 
scieni u b..lore the Gnglessian Society ol Hobari 
Free College. 

Nack, James, poet, b. N.Y'. City ab. 1607. 
Deaf and dumb in coiisci|uciicc ol uu accident 
in childhood. Anihur of " The Legend of the 
liock, and other Poems," 1827 ; " Larl Kuiiert, 
and otlu r Poems," wiili a memoir of NacK by 
P. JL W.tiiiore, 12IUO, 1839; " The Iiumorial, 
and other Poems," 1850; "Poeiiig," 1852, wiih 
iuirod. by Geo. P. MoriTs; also tmnslaiions 
irom the Uuteh, (ieniiun. and Fn.nch. His 
"Minstrel-Bo. " isauto .io^raiihical. — AIIHo.i-. 

Nadal, BkieNAEu U., U.i)., I.L.U., Meih. 
clergyman and scholar, l>. Md. 1815; d. Madi- 
son, N.J. .20Juiie, 1870. Liik.Coll. Joining 
the Baltimore conf. in 1835, he i>reai'he<l in 
Md., Va., and Del., al'ttrwards in u ashingion, 
Phila., Brooklyn, and N. Haven ; became a 
prof, in Asbiiry (hid.) U. ab. 1850; was for 
one session chaplain to Congrvss ; and ou tlw 
orgauizaiion of the Dri'W Tlieol. Suu. became 
prof, of church hi-Iory, and, ou the death of 
Dr. McCliiiiock. m ting prcs. While in Iiid. 
he pub. " Eso.ays \\\<m Church Hi.stoiy " in 
the .l/<(/i. Qiuiii. /uiMic, which marked him as 
one of the ablest writers of his Uciiuiiiination. 
He was a forcible writer, and a clii^-f contrib. 
to the Mtthmlist. 

Naglee, Gen. Hknrv Morris, b. Phila. 
Jan. 15, 1815. West Point, 1835. He SiU-vtd 
a few months in the 5ih Inf.; waa a ciiil 
engineer until the Mexican war, in wjiich he 
served as capt. 1st N. Y. VoU. ; afterward en- 
gagv d in commercial pursuits in San Fruuci^wro, 
where he is now (1870) a liankcr; 14 May, 
1861, ho was mode lieut.-col. 16th Inf.; n'sigiied 
Jan. 10, 1862; brig.-gen. vols. Fei>. 4, and 
joined Hooker's div. on the Lowi r Potom.ic; 
on the Peninsula he com. the Isi brigaile, 
Casey's div., at Williamsburg; and Fair Uoks, 



651 



NEA. 



where he was wounded ; in Oet. he was attached 
to Keyes's army corps at Yorktown, Va.. of 
which he was made military f;ov. ; com. div. 
dept. of N.C. and dcpt. of South 1863; com. 
7th armv corps Julv Aug. 1863 ; mustered out 
4 Apr. 1864. 

Naglee, < iEX. James, b. Pa. ; d. Pott^ville, 
Pa., AuT. 22, 1866. Capt. Ut Pa. Vols, 
diirinu tae .M'xiean war; and in Apr. 1861 
becani" col. Gth Pa. (3 months) Vols., servin^f 
at the first battle ol Bull Hun ; a.* col. 48th Pa. 
fouiiht frallanily at South Mountain, where he 
com. a liriiiadc in btur^is's div. of Bnmside'a 
corps; made bricr.-uen. Sept. 10. 1862; maj.- 
gcn. 29 Xov. 1862. ' Res. M.ay 9. 1863. 

Tfarvaez (nar-vS-Cth), P.\MPHiLO DE, a 
Spanish adventurer, b. Vallado'.id, and went 
to Amenca soon after its discovert-. He served 
und'T Esquiba!, srov. of .lamaica, and was in 
1520 com. of the unsuccessful exped. sent 
a^jrainst Cortes by Vilas<|uez, pov. of Cuba; 
he was defeated, and ma<le prisoner by Cortes 
at Zamprala. He sailed in Apr. 1528 with 
400 men, intending to establkh a colony in 
Fla. ; dis overed the Bay of Pensaco'a, and 
hanni,' mtuxhed into the country, where he 
passfil ni'arly 6 months, emliarked with his men 
in l>o;us of thtir own mannfarture, and perished 
in a storm n: ar the momb of the Jlpi. in Sept. 
Foiir survivors of tliis exped. •succeeded, after 
cxtraordinarv hardships, in reaching Mexico 
by land in 15.36. 

Nash, AnxER, sta'csman, b. Prince Edward 
Co., Va. ; d. X.Y. Dec. 2, 1786. At an early 
a..re lie went to Newbern, N.C., where he 
studied and jjractiscd law many years ; mem- 
b-or of the Prov. Coniifesg in Aug. 1774, of the 
council in 1775, and of the Congress and 
com. thattbrmed the State constitution in 1776; 
member of the house of eomnions in 1777-8; 
sjicaki r of the Senate in 1779 ; gov. fi-om 1780 
nniii the spring of 1781, when he resigned; 
again o member of the Assembly in 1782-5, 
he was sent by that body a delesrate to Con- 
gress in 1782-4 and 1785-6. Both his health 
and propeTty were sacrilcKl to his country. 
His firt wile was the widow of Gov. Arthur 
Uoblis. Bro. of (ien. Francis, and father of 
Jnd.;e Frtxlerick Xash. 

Nash, Gen. Francis, bro. of Abner; d. 
Oct.7, 1777. While clerk oftheSuperihr Court 
for Orange Co., N.C., he was a capt. under 
the Crown, and sen-ed under Gov. Tryon 
a.<?ainst the regulatore at the battle at Alla- 
nianci', in 1771 ; number of the Prov. Congr'ss 
at Hillsborough, Aug. 21, 1775 ; and was .ipp. 
by that body a lieut.-col. in the Contimntal 
serriee; in Feb. 1777 he was mad • a brig. -gen. 
by Congress; joined Gen. Washington, and 
com. a brigade at the battles of the lirandy- 
wine, Sept. 11, and Gerinantown Oct. 4 of the 
same year, where he was mortally wounded. 

Nash, Frederick, jurist, h. Ncwbini, 
N.C., Feb. 9. 1781 ; d. Hillsborough, N.C., Dee. 
4, 1858. N. .1. CoU. 1799. Sou of Gov. 
Aimer. Studied law ; represented Newbern in 
the li. of commons in 1804-5 ; removed to Ilills- 
borouL'h in 180S ; represented Orange Co. in the 
legid. in 1814-15, and Hillslioroiigh in 1827-8; 
was a judge of the Superior Court in 1818-26, 
and in 1836-44, when he was transferred to the 



supreme bench, which he occupied till his 
death. 

Nash, Simeox, b. S. Iladley, Ms., 1804. 
Arab. Coll. 1829. Began to pi-actise law at 
Gallipolis, 0., 1833; in Ohio Senate 1839 and 
'41; member const, convent. 1850; elected 
judge 7th dist. 1851. Author of "Digest of 
Ohio Reports," 8vo, 1853; "Pleading and 
Practice under the Civil Code," 8vo, 1856; 
contrib. to Western Liiw Jouriml. 

Nason, Hev. Elias, b. Wrentham, Ms., 
Apr. 21, 1811. Brown U. 1835. His boy- 
hood was jias.sed at Hopkinton, a portion of it 
at the celebrated " Frankland Pliu;e," the his- 
tory of which be has written. He has devoted 
much time to the study of music and the lan- 
guages. In 1836 be lectured on the Southern 
flora, in the South; in 1837 pub. the G'eoiyia 
Cuitrltr in Augusta; then tauglit the acad. at 
Wayncsboiough, Ga. ; in 1 840-9 was a teacher 
in Newburyport ; was licensed to preach in 
1849; and lias been pastor of Cong, churches 
at N:itiek, Medfurd, and Exeter, N.H. He has 
jjub.. l)usi<k'^ siTiTions. and eollec lions of music, 
Lives ut Sii- Charles II. Frankhmd (1868) and 
Susanna Rowson (1870) ; and Eulogies on 
Lincoln, Everett, and Gov. Andrew, delivered 
bef the N. E. Hist, and Geneal. Soc. Boston. 
His Lives of Frankland, Rowson, and of Rev. 
Nathaniel Howe, are good specimens of anti- 
quarian biogia|ihy. He has lieen editorially 
connected with the N.E.H. and O. Iie(f.,ani\ is 
a ))o|uilar lecturer. — Diii/rh'i)rlc. 

Nast, Thomas, artist, b. Landau, Bavaria, 
1840. Son of a musician in the Bav. army, 
who brought him to the U.S. in 1846. The 
only art-insiriiition be received was in draw- 
ing for 6 months with Kaufman. At 15 he be- 
gan drawing for an illust. pajier, and made mon- 
ey enough to enable him to visit Europe in 1 860. 
In 1802 he began his remarkable series of illus- 
tration for Uar)>er's Weekli/y In 1866 he de- 
signed a series of grotesques for the Ixil d'o/iera, 
each of which was a palpable hit. Among his 
best efforts are his " Union Advance arriving 
at a Plantation," " The Chicago Platform," 
" Cominomise with the South," and "Aniphi- 
theatrum Johnsonianuni." His best pictures 
arc of an allegoric-political character, and evince 
both originality and power. 

Nauman, George, lieut.-col. U.S.A., b. 
Lanca-tcr, Pa., 7 Oet. 1802 ; d. Phila. Aug. 11, 
186.3. West Point. 1823. Disting. in battle of 
Wahoo Swamp, Fla ; eajit. 4 Feb. 1837 ; brev. 
maj. lor the battle of Ccrro (iordo. Apr. 1 8, 1847 ; 
brev. lieut.-col. for the battles of Contreras and 
Churubu>co, Aug. 20, 1847; wounded in battle 
of Cbapulteiiec; maj. 3d Art. Dec. 24, 18.53 ; 
lieut.-col. 1st Art. Jiily 23, 1861. 

Neagle, -Iohn, portrait-painter, b. Boston, 
Nov. 4, 1799; d. Phila. 1865. Apprenticed to 
a coach painter in Phila., he began taking like- 
nesses there in 1818. In 1826 his "Patrick 
Lyon, the Blacksmith," gave him reputation. 
He m. a dan. of Sully the painter in 1820. Ho 
was 8 years pics, of the Artists' Fund Soc. of 
Phila. Among bis portraits are Washington 
in Independence Hall, Phila., Gilbert Stuart, 
Mrs. Wood as Amina, Mathcw Carey, Henry 
Clav, Dr. Chapman, and Cora. Barron. 

Neal, Daniel, historian and divine, U 



Lond. Dec. U, 1678; d. Baili, En};., Apr. 4, 
174'!. Kducnifd nt Ifowu's dissenting,' school, 
and nt the U. ol Utrecht; and from 1706 till 
his death was minister of a con^ in I.«ndon. 
Ill 1720 he pul>. a " History o( New Enf;liind," 
2 vols. 8vo. Ilis most considerable work, " The 
Ilisiorv of the Puritans." appeared in 1732-8 
in 4 vols., and is highly creditalilc to his abili- 
ties. It has been re'plieil to by Warburton, 
Maddox, and Grey, whose objections were an- 
swered by Toulmin in a new edition of the 
work in 1797. lie also wrote "A Narrative 
of the Method and Success of inoculatin;; for 
tlic Small-Po.\ in Xew Kn^land," 8vo, 1722, 
which led to an interview with the Prince and 
I'jincessof Wales. An edition of " Tlie Ilisi. 
of tlie Puritans," revised and enhirted, with 
notes bv J. O. Choules, was pub. in two vols. 
8vo, 1844. 

Keal, John, author and poet, b. Portland, 
Me., Auf;. 25, 1793. Brought up in the So- 
ciety of Frienils, at 25 he received his dis- 
missal from that body. At the age of 12 he 
was a sho|>boy in Portland; a few years later, 
he tau;.'ht drawing and jjcnmanship in the prin- 
cipal towns of Maine. In 1814-15 he was a 
dry-goods jobber in Boston and New York; 
then established himself in Baltimore as a 
wholesale dealer in partnership with John Pier- 
pont; tailed in 1816; studied law; Ijut deter- 
mined to support himself by his pen, and wrote 
for the Portico several years ; in 1 8 1 7 he pub. his 
first novel, "Keep Cc'^ol; " in 1818 "The Battle 
of Niagara, Goldau, and other Poems; " in 1819 
" Otho. or the Bastard," a 5-act tragedy; and 
about the same time he assisted in writing " The 
History o( the American Revolution," by Paul 
Allen. Adm. to the Md. bar in 1819; jire- 
pared an index to " Niles's Register " of 50 
vols, in 1823; pub. "Seventy-six." "Logan," 
" Randolph," and "Errata," "written severally, 
according to his own account, in periods of from 
27 to .30 days. He went to Kng. in Jan. 1824 ; 
wrote for BInckwood's Afiii/. and other jjeriodi- 
cals, and resided with Beiiiham during a con- 
siderable portion of his career in Eng. After 
a brief visit to Paris and the Continent in 1827, 
he returned to America. He settled at Port- 
land ; was an active contrib. to various periodi- 
cals and newspapers, a practitioner in the courts 
of law, and a public lecturer; and also estab- 
lished gymnasiums, and gave lessons to large 
classes in sparring and (fencing. He gave up 
his profession in 1850. His chief productions 
are " Brother Jonathan," 3 vols. Lond. 1825; 
"Rachel Dyer," 1828; " Bcntbam's Morals 
and Legislation." 1830; "Authorship, a Talc," 
ia33 ; " The Down-Eastcrs," 2 volum^, 18.33 ; 
"One Word More," 1854; "True Woman- 
hood, a Tale," 1859 ; and " Wandering Rc'collec- 
tionsof a somewhat Busy Life," 1870. 

Neal, Joseph Clay", humorist, b. Green- 
land, N.H., Feb. 3, 1807; d. Phila. July 18, 
1847. James, hLs father, was minister of Circen- 
land. Joseph, after several years' residence in 
Portsmouth, went to Plula.'bef. 1820; liecaine 
editor of the Prmisi/lvniimii ; and, alter a tour 
in Europo and Africa for his health in 1 841-2, 
assimii'd in 1844 the iditorshin of the ."^ntnrdai/ 
GiKillf, which hecontinue<l till his death, fle 
Has remarkable for humor and caustic satire. 



His first humorous compositioiig were "The 
City Worthies," a scries of sketches which ai>- 
I)eared in the Pemisi/ltwiian. In 1837 he pub. 
" Charcoal Sketehes," reprinted in London un- 
der the ausj.icisof Charles Dickens; in 1844 
he pub. " P, Ut Pioddy and other Oddities," 
and subsequently a new series of " Charcoal 
Sketcheji." 

Neale, Leonabd, D.D., R. C. archbishop 
of Baltimore, b. Md. 1746; d. Georgetown, 
D.C., June 18, 1817. Consec. coailjuior to 
Arehb. Carroll, Dec. 7, 1800; succeeded liimas 
arehiiishop in 1815. 

Neale, 1!oi.lin Heber, D.D. (B.U. 1850), 
b. Soutliin^ton, Ct., Feb. 23, 1808. Col. Coll. 
Wash., 1829. Pastor First Baj.t. Ch., Boston 
since 1838. Author of " The Burning Bush," 
oud occasional sermons and discourses. 

Neckere, Leo de, D.D., R. C. bishop of 
New Orl.iins, eonsec. 1829; d. Sept. 4, 1833. 

Needham, Fhancis, Earl of Kilmorcv, 
a British gen., b. Apr. 15, 174S; d. Nov. 2"l, 
18.32. Comet 18th Dragoons 1762 ; cnpt. 17th 
Dragoons, May 1774; 8 -ned through ihcAmer. 
war, and was present at the blockade of Bos- 
ton, the actions in the Jerseys, White Plains, 
Jloninoutb, Gcrnmntown, felizalicthtomi, in 
Va., and finally at Yorkto\yn ou its burr^ndcr. 
App. in 1 793 aide-de-camp to the king, and col. 
in the anny ; in 1 794 adj.-gen. to Lord Moira 
in the exped. to the coast of Fiaiiec; 8.rv(d 
during the Irish rebellion, and was present at 
the k-ittle of Vinegar Hill; niaj.-gen. 1795; 
lieut.-gcn. 1802; gen. 1812; and received the 
patent of hi.s earldom in 1822. 

Neely, Hexrv Adams, D.D.,Pr.-Ep. bish- 
op of .Mc. (consec. 25 Jan. 1867), b. Favette- 
nlic, N.Y., May, 1830. Hob. Coll. 1849; tu- 
tor there 1849-51. Ord. deacon 13 Dec. 1852, 
and assist. n«tor of Calvary Church, Utica; 
ord. priest 18 Jnne, 1854, having in M:.r. 1854 
k-come rector. Rector of Christ Chiuxh, Roch- 
ester, from Oct. 1, 1855, to the autumn of 1862, 
when he became 1st chaplain of Hob. Coll; 
two yiars later, he became assist, niin. of Trin. 
Ch., N. Y. City, with the full pastoral care of 
Trill. Chapt 1. He in. in 1858 Mary, daii. of 
John Delatieldof Genc-va. 

Negley, Gex. James S., b. East Lib< rtv, 
Alleghany Co., Pa., Dec. 26, 1826. Enlisting 
as a private in the 1st Pa. Ri-gt., he took i>art 
in the siege of Pnebla, the battle of CeiTO (rtir- 
do, and other engagements in the Mi'xican war, 
and afterward appliixl himself to agriculture 
and hortieultuR\ He com. a brigade of Slate 
militia when the civil war licgan, and aided in 
organizing and disciplining vo'iintoere. He 
com. a brigade under Patterson on the Upixr 
Potomac; was made brig.-gen. vols. Oct. I, 
1861 ; served under G<'n. 0. M. Milch. U iii 
Northern Ala. ; was afterward com. of the 8ih 
division of Bnell's Army of the Ohio, and sta- 
tioned at Nashvi Ic, Tenn. ; Oct. 7, 1862. he dc 
feated nt Lavergne a Conf.-d. force undir An- 
derson and Forrest ; and took part in the 
hloody linttle of Stone River, rec<ivin.v' for his 
gallantry the grade of mnj.-gcn. Nov. 29, 1862; 
at Cliickamauga he held the position of Owen's 
Ga). Sept. 19-20, 1863. M.C. 1869-71 from 
Pittsburg. 
Keill, Rev. Eowabd Dcffield, sec of 



653 



NEL 



th: Minn. Hist. Soc, h. Phila. ISa.l. TJ. of Pa. 
and Amh. Coll. Son of Henry Ncill, M.D., 
of Pliila. From Apr. 1849 a Prosb. divine at 
St. Paul, Minn. Soc. to Projidont Johnson 
1867-8; now (1871) consul at Dulilin. Author 
of "Annals of the Jlinn. Hist. Soc.,"8vo, 1856; 
" Hist, of Minnesota," 8vo, 18.58 ; " Hist, of 
the Virginia Comp.," 1869; "Fairfax- a of 
England and Amer.," 1868; "Enji. Coloniza^ 
tionof Amcr. durini; the 17th Centnrv," 1871; 
" Terra Marine, or Threads of Md. Colonial 
Hist." Contrih. to Dibliotlnca ■'iacni and Pres- 
hyUridn (^'inrtcrh/ RgvIcw. 

Neill, WiLi,iAM, D.D. (Un. Coll. 1812), h. 
near Pittslmrs, 1779; d. 1860. N.J. Coll. 
180.3; tutor there uniil Oct. 1805. Minister 
at Cooperstown, N. J., Oct. 1805-Sept. 1809; 
at Albanv, Sept. 1809-Sept. 1816; at 6thProsb. 
Phila. sJpt- 1816-24; pres. Dick. Coll. 1824- 
9 ; sec. and gen. agent Presb. Board of Ednc. 
1829-31 ; minister of Gei-mantown; Pa., 18.31- 
42; aftcr-vard a resident of Phila. Autlior of 
"Lews, on Bil)l. Hist.," 1846; " Exposition of 
the Epistle to the Ephesians," 1850; "Divine 
Origin of the Christian Religion," 1854; "Min- 
istry of 50 Years, with Anecdotes and Eemi- 
niscenccs," 8vo, 1857. Dr. N. edited the Presb. 
Maq. for some years, and contrib. to religious 
periodicals. — AUibone. 

Neilson, Col. Jons, Revol. officer, b. noar 
N. Brunswick, N. J., March 11, 1745; d. there 
Mar. 3, 1S33. Educated in Phila. and a mer- 
chant in N. Brunswick in 1769-75. He raised 
a company in 1775; was app. col. Aug. 31 of 
a regt. of minutc-mcn, and was .".ctively en- 
gaged in repelling British inroads until Sept. 
18, 17S0, when he wa-s raa.le d -p. qmr.-gen. lor 
N.J. Early in 1777 he planned and success- 
fully executed the sur; rise of a British po.st at 
Bennett's Island. Memli.r Old Congress 1778- 
9. In the N. J. convention to ratify the Fi^deral • 
Constitution, Col. N. was its zealous and influ- 
enti.il advocate. 

Nelson, Albert Hobart, judge, b. Mil- 
ford, Ms., March 12, 1812; d. McLean Asy- 
lum, Soinorville, Ms., June 27, 1S58. H.U. 
1S32. Sou of Dr John Nelson. Adm. to the 
bar, he practised law in Concord until 1842, 
when he removed to Wobum, and had his office 
in Boston. He was several years dist. atty. for 
Middle-ex and Essex; State senator 184 S-^9; in 
1 1'55 one of the exec, council ; and a few months 
afterward was app. chief justice of the Superior 
Court 

Nelson, David, M.D., clergyman, b. near 
Jonesl)c)i-ouL.'b, Tenn., Sept. 24, 1793; d. Oak- 
bind, III., Oct. 17, 1844. Wash. Coll., Va., 
1810. He studied medicine in Danville, Kv., 
and the I'liila. Med. School. As surgeon of a 
Ky. regt., he went to Canada in the war of 1812. 
On his return he was found nearly dead of fa- 
tigue and hunger by his relative Col. Allen. 
Keturning from infidelity to his first n'ligious 
convictions, be forsook a lucrative prof'es>ional 
career to become a Presb. minister ; an<l was 
licensed to preach Apr. 1825. He preached 3 
years in dittercnt paits o( Tenn., and was en- 
gaged in the publication of the Calcinistic 
lilwj. In 1828 he succeeded his bro. Samuel 
lis pastor of the Presb, church in Danville, 
Ky. ; in 1830 he removed to Mo., and was 



greatly instrumental in cstabii.shing a college 
in Marion Co., of which he became first pre.s. 
In 1836 Dr. Nelson, who was a warm emanci- 
pationist, owing to a disturbance growing out 
of the slavery question, removed lo the neigh- 
borhood of Quincy, 111., and established an in- 
stitute for the education of young men as mis- 
sionaries. This, like the former institution, 
failed, partly from Dr. Nelson's want of busi- 
ness qtialitications. Author of " Cause and 
Cure of Infidelity," which has passed through 
many editions; fiesides many contributions to 
the )]iiblic jonrnals of the day. — Spiaijue. 

Nelson, Hlgii, minister to Sjjain in 1823, 
1). Va. ; d. Albemarle Co. Mar. 18, 1836. 
Wm. and Mary Coll. 1785-90. He had been 
speaker of the house of delegates of Va. ; 
judtre of the Gen. Court; and M.C. 1811-23. 

Nelson, Capt. John, a patriotic citizen of 
IL., who headed the party that took prisoner 
Gov. Andros in 1689. Was a near relative to 
Sir Thos. Temple. Hutchinson tells us that 
he was not allowed any share in the subsequent 
govt., on account of his being an Episcopalian. 
While on a trading- voyage to Nova Scotia, he 
was taken by the French, and imprisoned in 
Qnchec. While there, he wrote a letter, dated 
Aug. 26, 1692, to the court of Ms., wliich gave 
particular information of the designs of the 
French, in consequence of which he was sent 
to France, where he remained in prison two 
years. Having found means to inform Sir 
Purbeek Temjjle of his condition, a <lemarid 
was soon after made for his release or exchange. 
The immediate effect of this was his transfer 
to the Bastille .as a person of consequence ; but 
he was finally discharged, and returned to his 
family after an absence of Id or 1 1 years. Sav- 
age says be d. prob. 4 Dec. 1721. — Eliot. 

Nelson, Jon.v, lawyer, b. Frederick, Md., 
1791; d. 1860. Wm. "and Murv Coll. 1811. 
M.C. 1821-3; chaiy^ d'nffdins to the Two Si- 
cilies 1831-3; U.S'. atty.-gen. Jan. 2, 1844, to 
Mar. 5, 1845 ; A.M. of' K J. CoU. 1825. 

Nelson, Joseph, LL.D. (Rutgers Coll. 
1825), the blind prof of Latin and (jreek in 
Rutgers Coll., N. J.; d. 1830, a. 46. Col. 
Coll. 1804. Such was his power of memory, 
that he was an excellent teacher. 

Nelson, Robert, Revol. patriot, and chan- 
cellor of Va. ; d. Malvern Hills, Va., Aug. 4, 
1818, a. 65. Win. and Mary Coll. 1769. Ho 
was the last of 5 bros. of whom Gov. Thos. 
was the eldest, all of whom dieting, themselves 
by their zeal and their sacrifices for their coun- 
try. Robert anrl Wm. were captured by Tarle- 
ton in June, 1781. Prof, of law in Wm. and 
Marv Coll. 181.3-18. 

N'elson, Gen. Kooek, Revol. soldier, and 
M.C. from Md. 1804-10; d. Fredericktown, 
June 7, 1815. At the battle of Camden he 
received several severe wounds, and was left on 
the field. After the war he studied and prac- 
tised law with success. Many years in the 
Va. legisl., and from 1810 lo i8l"5 was judge 
of the Upper Dist. of Va. 

Nelson, Samuel, LL.D. (Mid. Coll. and 
Gen. Coll.), jurist, b. Hebron, NY., Nov. 10, 
1792. Mid. Coll. 1813. Of Irish descent. 
Adm. to the bar of N.Y. in 1817 ; practised 
successfully in Cortland Co. ; delegate to the 



JS^KL 



654 



M'SIS 



State Const. Conv. of 1821 ; and postmaster of 
Conliinil : juilgcof the Circuit I'ourt 1823-31, 
of till' Slate 8u|)fvinc Court 1831-7; ehief ju«- 
tici- 1817-45 ; «|>|i. juil^c U.S. Supreme Court, 
Fih. 14. 1845. 

Nelson, Thomas, Hevol. tilntesraan ami 
BoUliir, I). York Co., Va., Dec. 26, 17.i8; il. 
there Jan. 4, 1789. His father Win., many 
years pres. of the council (il. Xov. 19, 1772, a. 
fell), .•cent him in his 14th year to Cambriil(.'0, 
Kni;., where lie was eilucateii at Trinity Coll. 
While on his way home, he was elcrteil, though 
fearce 21 , a njemlier of the house of l)up,resses. 
In his 24th year he m., anil settled at Vorkiown, 
wlicrc his family jiossessed valuable estates. 
Member of the tir>t convention at Williams- 
bur;:, in Ang. 1774; in 1775 he was a;niin a 
member of the prov. convention ; and in .luly 
he was app. col. of the 2il Va. KcKt., which he 
ri'si^tncd upon bein;; elected to the Com. Con- 
jrix-ss, A cnnspiinous nienilicr of theeonrcn- 
tiou tvliieh in May, 1776, fiamcd a constitution 
fortlie State; and, July 4, si;;ned the Decl. of 
Indep. He resi;;ned his scat in Con^rcssi in 
May, 1777 ; in Aui;. was app. com. -in-chief 
of the. St4iie forces, and soon after raised a 
troop of eavniry, with which he repaired to 
Phila. liesumiu^r his duties in the legisl., he 
Btron^'y opposed the proposition to sequestrate 
British prupurty, on the ground .hat it would 
be nn uuju>t reiuliation of public wroni^ on 
private individuals. .\;;nin in Congress in 
Feb. 1779. he was again obligwl by indisposi- 
tion to n-ign. In May, howevi r, he was sud- 
denly called upon to organize the militia to re- 
pel a marauding expol. ol the enemy. A loan 
of S2,000,IXX> being c.dled for by V"a. in June, 
1780, Gen. Nelson, on his personal security, 
raised a great |x>rtion of the loan. He also 
advanced mouey to pay 2 Va. n-gts., ordert;d 
South, which had refused to march until their 
arrears w.-re di>eharged. His ample fortune was 
now so seriously impaireil, that be was involved 
in pecuniary emHarra.ssments in the latter part 
of his life. From June itniil Nov. 1781 be 
was gov. of the State, opposing the enemy, 
who were ravaging the State, with all the mi- 
litia he could muster. At the siege of York- 
town, where he com. the Va. iniiitia, he again 
displayed his di-iiitercste<l (Hitriotism by direct- 
ing that his own splemlid mansion, the 8ui>- 
Cased headquarters of Lord I'ornwallis, should 
e bom>>arde<l. His services and those of bis 
troops were highly commemled in Cn'neral Or- 
ders, Det. 20, 1781. With an impaired con- 
stiiiiiion, he passed the rest of his days in retire- 
ment. Hed. so poor, that his remaining pos- 
jc»icin> »^-re sold to nay hi' debts. His statue 
i< one of the 6 placed around the Washinu'ton 
Monumental Richmonil.Va. Twoof his bros. 
were iiflicers of the Uevol. armv, — Maj. John 
anil Wni. (niaj. 7tli Va. Kegt. Feb. 29. 1776). 

Nelson, "j'ncnns H.. diplomati-t. b. Ma- 
son Va.. Ky., ab. 1824. Bro. of tien. Win. 
liemovi'l early in lile to Hockville, and subse- 
qnenlly to Terre Haute, Ind., whore he has 
liecn prominent in law and in polities An 
advocate and delwiter of great addnss and 
power, and inie of the founders, in the West, of 
the Kepub. iiarty. Minister to Chili l^GI-6; 
minister to Mexico »iuci; Mircb, 1869. 



Nelson, Wii.li*ji. chancellor; d. Wil- 
liain-l.ur„', Va., Mar. 8, 1813. a. 53. Wm. 
and .Maiy Coll. 1776-Sl. Prof, of law there 
in 18i)4-l'3. 

Nelson, Gkh. William, b. Mavsvillc, 
Ky., 182."); d. lyouisville, Ky., Sept. 29, 18G2. 
Uro. of Thomas, minister to Chill. Knteriiig 
the navy in 1840, he com a naval battery at 
the siege of Ver.i Crui, and afterward served 
in the .Meilitorranean. I'roinoieil to masier in 
I8.'>4, and lieut. in 1855; in 1858 he was or- 
ilereil to ■• The Niagara " when she carried back 
to Africa the negroes taken fmm the slaver 
" Echo." At the outbreak ol the civil war, ho 
was on ordnance-duty at Wu-hington ; pro- 
nioieil (o lieut. -cum., and detailed to eoininand 
the gunliuatson the Ohio, he \\a* soon dcachid 
from this duty, placed under the anthoriiy of 
the see. of war, and ordered to Ky. Ileorgan- 
nizcd camp " Dick Hobnison," iKtween tjar- 
rardsville and Danville, and another at Wash- 
ington, Mason Co. ; was very succe.s!.ful in 
raising troops; and had several contests with 
the Confederates in Eastern Ky. Made brig.- 
pen. Sept. 16. 1861 ; he com. the 2d division of 
Gen. Buell's army at the b;Utlcof Sliiloh ; was 
wounded at the battle of Kiehmond, Ky. ; and 
took com. at Louisville when it was menaced 
by Gen. Biaug's army; maj.-gen. of vols. July 
\'7, 1862. He was shot by Gen. .leH'crson C. 
Davi? in a pi-rsonal qiiariv!, oceasioniil bv bis 
overliearing dis]H>-ition, and bis harsh and un- 
just treatment ol that officer. 

Nelson, WoLFni;i>. M.n., a Canadian 
phvsician and patriot, b. .Montreal. Julv 10, 
1792 ; il. .June 17, 186.1. The son of an lEng- 
lishcommi-sariai officer. He studied medicine, 
and began practice in 1811 at St. Denis on the 
Riebelien Kiver. During the war of 1''I2 ho 
was surgeon of a luiit. raisc<i in that dist. In 
1827 he repi-cscnted Sorcl in parliament. Be- 
lieving his Canadian countrymen entitled to the 
same rights as their fellow-snl'jects in Great 
Britain, he took up arms in 18.37, the year of 
the ri'l>ellion, and won the victorvof St. Denis; 
but was captured, andeNileil to Bermuda. He 
settled in I'Inttsburg, N.Y.. in 18.')8 ; but. when 
the amnesty was declareil in Aug. 1842. went 
to .Montreal. Elected to parliameni from 
liichelieu in 1844. and again in 1845 ; divlin- 
ing a thini election, he wim in 1851 made insp. 
of prisons, liecoming chairman of the lK>ard in 
1859. He was also ).as. of the Coll. of Phvs. 
and Sup.zi'ons for I.,.n\cr Canada, and twice 
mayor ol .^[onIreal. ItunEitT his bro., also a 
physician, in 1838 liil an inva<ling force into 
Canada, which was s|Kedily ovirihiown. He 
withdrew to Cal., and snb.'tcqiiently pniciised 
in New York. 

Nesmitb, John, manufHcmrer, h. Lon- 
donileirv, N.H.. Ang. 3, 1793; d. Oct. 15, 
1869. lie lK^:nii lite ]H>or ; was an apprentice 
in ncouniry store ; alterward went into business 
for him-elf with his bro. Thomas, and, remov- 
ing lo N.Y., built up a lucrative business. In 
1 831 they remi'Vcd lo Lowell, .Ms., and invested 
largely in real estate and in luaiinlactures. Ho 
was a large owner in the .Merriinaek Woollen 
Mills Co., and made a large sum by securing tho 
supply of water in Winnipi.sc<ig<v and Squam 
Lake* as reservoirs fur the Lowvll mills i:i dry 



NET 



6-55 



seasons. lie secured the site where the city 
of Liiwrcnce now stnnds, and the control of 
tlie water-power there. Anionf,' his inventions 
were ihose of ninchincry for making wire fence 
and shawl-fiinj,'e. He held various offices in 
the citv govt, of Lowell; waslicut.-gov. of Ms. 
in 18G2, and U.S. revenue coll. for the dist. 
He was u firm supporter of the temperance 
cause, and miide liberal donations to charitable 
anil bcni'voleiit objects. 

Nettleton, Asahkl, D.D. (Hamp. Sid. 
IS.'JU), rlci'.'vjnan, I). N. Killingworth, Ct., Apr. 
21, 178.3; d'. May 16, 1844. Y.C. 1809. H.av- 
in^ studied theology, he was licensed to preach 
May, 1811 ; and in 1817 was ord. by the South 
Cunsuciatlon of Litchfield Co. His preaching 
was so effective, that he gave up his intention 
of being a missionary ; and from 1812 to 1822 
brought about revivals in 32 villages of Ct., in 
AVestern Ms., and the adjacent towns in N.Y. 
In 1827 he pub. a vol. of " Village Hymns." 
He went to Va. for his health in 1827; re- 
turned in 1829, and preached in N. Eng. and 
X.Y. until 18.il. In the spring of that year 
he made a voyage to Eng., also visiting Scot- 
land and Ireland. Returning in 1832, he was 
shortly after app. prof of pastoral duty in the 
newly-organized thcol. sem. at E. Windsor; 
and, though he did not accept the office, he 
took up his residence in the place, and lectured 
occasionally to the students. Dr. Xettleton's 
sermons were chiefly extcm])oraneous. In 
later life he opposed the doctrinal views of the 
New-Haven school of theology. — See Memoir 
bij Bennett Tiller, D.D. : Hemdins and Sermons, 
ed. Ill liev. li. Tijl-r, 12mo, Hartford. 

Neuman, Joun Nbpomucexe, d.d., 

R.C. bishop of Phila. ; conscc. Mar. 2S, 1852; 
b. Bohemia, Mar. 28, 1811; d. Jan. 5, 18G0. 
U. of Prague. Ord. priest at N.Y. Jan. 2.5, 
1836; and subsequenilv entered the order of 
the Mo-t Holy Rid.rmor. 

NeuwiedjorWied, Maximilian Alex- 
ANDEii I'liiLipPE, Prince of, a German natu- 
ralist and traveller; b. Sept. 23, 1782. He 
held the rank of maj.-gcn. in the Prussian 
army, and explored Brazil from 1815 to 1817. 
He pub. " lieise nach Drasitien," 2 vols., Frank- 
fort, 1819-20 ; " Abhildimrien :ur Naturgescliidile 
Brasiliens," Weimar, 1823-31 ; and " Bcltrntie 
zur Natiircjenrhichte Brasiliens,' 4 vols., Weimar, 
1824-33. He subsequently travelled in the 
U.S., and wrote " lieise durch Xordnmerihi," 
with 81 plates, 2 vols., Coblentz, 1838-43; 
Lond. 1843. He is the uncle of the present 
Pritice Herman of Wied. 

Neville, Edmcsd, D.D., b. London. Ord. 
Prot.-Kpis. Ch., Phila., 1840. Had charge of 
St. Thomas's Ch., Taunton, Ms., until 1842; 
rector of St. Philip's, Phila., 1842-50; of 
Christ Ch., N. Orleans, 18.50-2 ; of St. Thomas's 
Ch., N.Y., 1852-6; returned in 1856 to Taun- 
ton ; and in 1857 became rector of Trinity Ch., 
Newark, N.J. Author of " Autumnal Leaves," 
1845; "George Selwood," 1848; "Questions 
on the Morn, and Even. Services," 1849; on 
"Nevin's Bd)l. Anliq," 1849; Sermons, and 
contribs. to Nali'iMil I'rearher. — Al'itnme. 

Neville, Gen. Jons, Rcvol. soldier, b. on 
the head-wati'rs of the Occ.a'|uan, Va., 1731 ; 
d. Montours Island, near Pittsburg, 29 July, 



• 1803. He engage'l in Braddock's (xpcd. in 
1755; settled mar Winrhe.<for, v.-hrre he was 
some time sheri;!'; was in 1774 a d' leg. from 
Augusta Co. to th • Prov. Convention ; was 
col. 4th Va. Regt. in the Rcvol. war, and served 
at Ticnton, Princeton, Gernuintown, and Mon- 
mouth ; after the war he was a member of the 
exec, council of P;i., and, being a U. S. insp. 
under the excise law, was engaged in suppress- 
ing the Whiskey Insurrection in 1794. 

Neville, Joseph, Revol. officer, and M C. 
1793-5, b. 1730; d. Hardy Co., Va., 4 M.ar. 
1819. Cnniiniss. to run the boundary-lini> be- 
tween V.i. and Pa. Brig. -gen. .State mi'itia. 

Neville, Morgan, author, b. 1786; d. 
1839. Son of Presley. He was some tunc 
editor of the Pitts'iur'ij Guzaic; rvmoved to 
Cincinnati ah. 1824; became sec. of an ins- 
comp., .and eontri'i. to th; periodicals of that 
city. " Mike Fink, the Last of the Boatmen," 
was pull, in the Wesl'-rn Souvenir (or 1S29. 

Neville, Col. Ppeslet, Revo). oHleer, 
son of Gen. .lolin, b. Pittsburg, 1756 ; d. Fair- 
viow, O., 1 D.c. 1818. U. of Phila. 1775. 
He sen-ed through the Rovol. war, part of llie 
time as ai-lc-de-'-amp to Lafayettv ; wa: made 
prisoner at the capture of Charleston ; afterward 
origadc in.q)., and nieraljor of thj Assembly; a 
merchant of Pitt burg in 1792-1818. lie m. a . 
dau. of Gen. Dani.l Morgan. 

Nevin, Alfri;d, D.D., Pr< sb. divine of 
Pa. Jeff. Coll. 1833. Author of " Spiritual 
Progression;" "Hit. Sketch of the Con3:s. of 
Franklin and CamlierJand Counties, Pa.," 
12mo, 1853; "Guide to the Oracles," 1857. 

Nevin, Joun Williamson, D.D., theo- 
logian, \: Franklin Co., Pa., Feb. 20, 1803. 
Un. Coll. IC-'l. Ho s.adied 3 years in the 
Princeton Theol. Sem. ; was assist, "teacher there 
two years, during whi.h ho wrote "Biblical 
Antiquiiies," 2 vols., 1828 ; and wns licensed to 
preach by t!ie pre:.bytery of C.iriiilo in 1823; 
from 1829 to 1839 he was as.-ist. teacher and 
prof, of H -Ijrew and biblical lit. at the theol. 
sem. in Ailvghany City, and in the meanwhile 
was ord.; in 18.33-4 lie edited the Friend, a 
weekly literary journal ; in 1840 he removed to 
MerC'.T.sburg, Pa. ; took charge of the theol. 
sem. there ; and from March, 1S41, to 1853, w.is 
pres. of Marshal Coll. In 1843 liojmb. "The 
Anxious Bench," and a translation of Dr. 
SehalTs "Piincii)le of Pro estantism," wi;h 
an introduction, and a sermon oi " C.;tho!ic 
Unity;" in 1846 he published " Th; Mystical 
Presence;" in 1347 the " Hi ;toiy andGt^nius 
of the Ileid'-lb rg Catechism ; " in 1843 " Ann- 
Christ, or the Sj.irit of S ct and Schisjn;" 
"Summarv of Bil)!e Antiqnitios," 8vo, Phila. 
1853. From .Ian. 1843 to Jan. 1853 he; edited 
the Merrjrs'inri /' virii; to wliii'h he is still a 
contrib. He resigned bis profes-.or5hip at the 
close of 1851, and now resi li s near Lanwuter. 
Dr. Nevin was the originator ami exponent of 
the "M'rcer^burg System of Theology." 

New, Col. Anthony, Revol. ollieer, b. 
Gloucester Co., V,i., 1747; d. near Elkton, 
Todd Co., Ohio, 2 Mar. 1833. M.C. from Va. 
1793-1805, when he r -moved to Kv. ; and was 
M.C. from ICy. 1811-1.3, 1817-19, and 1821-3. 
Nowoerfy, J.S., M.D. (Cleve. Med. Coll. 
1843), LL.D., geologist, b. Windsor, Ct 



MKVV 



C.J6 



NK-W 



W. Ues. Coll. 1846. Ilia emi^. ancestor wenl» 
in 1635 from Dorclicstir, M-., to W. In 
1849-.'iO III' piiiilicil anil travclli'^l iiliroad ; cstab- 
li.-ilv d liiiiisilt'in iirartkv in Clcvelaml in 1851 ; 
arcornp. n< a»M9t. siir:,'Oon uml ;.'<i)l. a U.S. 
survey of X. Calilbmii anj Ore<:on in 1855; 
and pub. a vol. on the gpolo;;y, liotany, and 
zoiJlo^'V of that ri;.'ion ; CNplor. d with Lieut. 
Ivi'S the Colorado HiviT in 18.">7-8, and a};ain 
wi'h Capi. MiU'onib in 1859. Diirin;? the 
Rc'liellioii lie ]i rlbmied much lal)or in the 
Wi-sterii U.S. Sanitarv Com. Since 1''66 
prof, of ^^-oloL'V Col. Coll., N.Y. ; and since 
li-GO Sirtto ]j:oo o:;i t of (). lie has b«n pros, 
of the Am r. Assoc, for the Adv. of Science ; is 
now (ItiiO) pR'3. of the X.V. Lyceum of 
Natur.il History, and is a member of many 
learned soci.tics. 

Newcastle, Thomas PcLnAii Clintox, 
2d Duke of, 1>.. July 1752; d. May 17, 1795. 
III! cntrnd the army aa t-nsijii 12th' Foot, Mar. 
1769; l>ce;imc capt. 1st Dm;;. Guards, July, 
1770; exchanged into the 1st Foot Guards 
Apr. 1775, and came to America, where ho 
Bon"id as aide-de-camp to his second cousin. 
Sir Henry Clinton, with whose di sp:itelics, an- 
nonncln;: the lull of Chail'aion, S.C, he went 
to Eny:liind in 17'-0 ; he was shortly alUr made 
a col., and aide-de-camp to the kin;; ; luaj.-jrcn 
1787 ; and succeeded to the dukedom in 1794. 

Newcomb, ILabvey, D.D., au'hor, b. 
Thettord, Vt., 1-Oi; d. Bi-ooklvn, N.V., Aug. 
30. ls63. Kemovinu' to Alfred^ N.Y., in 1818, 
he taiijjht school 8 vcars ; edited and pub. the 
ir. s^rn Sliiiiu \Ves"llicld, X.V., 1S2G-S; edited 
the Buffalo Palriol 1828-30, the Pittsburg 
C'lirisUnn llrrald 1830-31 ; and for the next 10 
years wrote Sabbath-school books. Licensed 
to preach in 1 840, ho had charge of the West 
lioxlmry Cong. Church in 1 84 1 , and afterward 
of those of Xeetlham and Grantville; in 1849 
he was assist, editor of the Tnivrli^r, an<l 1850- 
51 of the N.Y. O'jsenir; pR-ached some time 
at the Park-street Mission Church, Brook >-n ; 
and in 1859 took charge of the chun-h in lian- 
cock. Pa. He WTOte 178 vols., mostly lor 
children, among them 1 4 vois. of church his- 
tory; " Voung Ladies' Guide," 1853; "Four 
Pillars, or the Truth of Christianity Demon- 
strated," 12mo, 1842; " Manners and Customs 
of the N.A. Indians," 2 vols. 1 8mo ; and 
" Paaior's Gift." His largest work was " The 
Cyclopaidia of Missions,"^ 8vo, lt>55. He was 
a regular contrib. to the Boston liecordr in 
1837— 42, and to the Youth's Co)iijHinion for a 
much long T period; ho also contrib. to the 
Piirlim H'rorJcr and the XI'. Evangvlist. 

Newell, RoDEItT Henbv (''Orpheus C. 
Kerr "). huMiDiist and piKI, b. N. Y. lily, 13 
1),'C. 1836. ICdiieatcd liberally wiili » view to 
n prolea.«ion. Attcr a brief trial of mercantile 
lile. he became in 1858-9 literary ed. of the 
S. y. Mficiiti;, to which he contrib. tlioso bur- 
le.-c|ne and suiiriinlly fanciful letters on the 
wiir of secession, under the Hi;nnlnrc of Or- 
]ilieus C. Kerr (•■office-seeker"), wliieli have 
since np|>ciired in 4 vols., and which stamped 
him as H genuine humorist. I!creiiiii|uished bis 
editorship in I8G3, nud visited Cul. He has 
also pub. "The Palace Beautiful," a vol. of 
serious and dcacrip.ivc verses ; " Avery Gli- 



bun," &c., a romance in 2 vols. ; " The Cloven 
Foot," nn adaptation of the "Mystery of 
Kdwin Urood," 1870; and " Vcrsai'i.itics," a 
eo!l. of poems, 1871. Now preparing a hu- 
moriMis and eccentric novel to be entitled 
"The Thief of Time," auti contrib. ti the 
.Sunday is-uo of the .V. I'. ll'orW "Social 
Stutlies." 

Newell, Samiel, mL<i«ionar\-, b. Durhr.m, 
Me., .July 25, 17^5; d. I5oml.ay,'May 30, lo21. 
II. U. 1807. lie sinclied theology at Andovcr. 
Otfered Himself as a luissionarv, .lunc 27, IMG; 
was oi-d. at Salem with Juil on, Nott, Rice, 
and Hall, Feb. 5, 1812; in. ILuriel, d..n. of 
Moses Atwood, Feb. 9, 1812, with whom, and 
in company with Judson, he sailed for Caleiittn 
two wivks later. Orderi'd by the Bengal 
govt, to leave on his arrival, he saik'd to the 
Isle of France, thence to Ce\ Ion, and finally, 
in 1817, join-d Mr. Hall at 6ombny. He was 
one of the fir.>t of our foiv igu missionaries, and 
a signer of the paper which b d to the ti>rmation 
of the A.B.C.F.M. Ho wrote, wiih Mr. Hall, 
" Ihc Conversion of the Word, or the Claims 
of Six Hundred Mi! ions," Andovcr, 1818 ; and 
"A Memoir of llan-ict Newul" (b. 10 Oct. 
1793, d. 30 Nov. 1812), a memoir of whom 
wa> alio written by Dr. Woods. 

Newell, William A., st.i*c9man, b. Ohio. 
Rut;rcrs Coll. 1836. Adojded the medical 
profession, and settled in N. J. ; M.C. 1847-51; 
gov. of N. J. 1 857-60 ; deleg. to the Bait, con v. 
18C4. 

Newball, Isaac, writer of a Tolnme 
ascribing the uuihorship of " Junius " to Earl 
Temple, b. Lynn, Ms., 24 Aug. 1782; d. thtro 
July 6, 1858.' A merchant in Salem in UI2- 
15, he afterward lived in M.icon, Ca., but 
finally settled in Lynn. He was v.cll informed 
upon British polities and literature. 

Newman, Fhancis, gov. of New Haven 
from 1 658 uii til his d. 1 8 Nov. 1 600 ; was in 1 653, 
together wiih several others, ajip. an agi^nt to 
wail on Gov. Stuyvesaut at Manliadocs, and 
obtain salistaction for th- injuries whieh the 
Dutch had iiiflicti-d on the Colony. Ke had 
previously licon sec. of the Coiony during iho 
administr.ition of Gov. Eaton ; a- ist. in 1653; 
andiul654and'58v. jsoncofthecoinini.iioners 
oflhe United Co'ouies. Settled at N.H. in 1638. 

Newman, Samuel, first minister ol l>e- 
boljoth, b. Banliury. Eu_'., 1G02; cl. Julv 5, 
1 06). U. of Oxf. 1620. At first a ministe'rof 
the Established Chnreb. He came lo N.E. ab. 
1G36; spent a year and a ha f ut Dorchester, 
ab. 5 years nt Weymouth; and in 1G44 re- 
moved to Relioboth. He e implied a " Con- 
conlance." the 5th cd. of whieh, with consid- 
erable iinproveinents, was pub. Loiid. I>d. 1720. 

Newman, Samcel P., pmi. of rhcioHc 

and urai-.Tv ai U.ivvd. Coll. 1824-39, b. Au- 
diiver, 179G; d. Barre, Ms., while i'l charge 
of tlie State Normal School, Feb. 10, 184^. 
Boud. Cdl. 1816. Son of Mark. Pub. 
" Rhctori ■," and a treatise on " Political Ec<m- 
omv." Souibcrn Eclectic Readers, pts. i., ii., iii. 
Newnan, Col. Dasiel, b. N. C. ; d. 
Walker Co., Ga., 1851. App. lieut. 4th U.S. 
Inf. Man-h, 1799 ; resigned .Ian. I. 18(i2 ; adj. 
and insp.-gen. of Ga. ; col. com. Ga. Vols, in 
two actions with £. Flu. Indians, Sept. and 



IMJ^W 



657 



NIC 



Oct. 1812 ; (listing, in attack on Cicek Imlians 
.in Autossee towns untlcr (Jen. Flovd, Xov. 29, 
isis ; lii-ut.col. com. G;i. Vols.' J)ee. 1813; 
severely uoiinilud in Imtil-; under Gen. Flovd 
with Creeks at Camp Defianee Jan. 27, 1814 ; 
M.C. \S3\-3. — Canine,: 

Newport, Cait. Christopher, an Kng- 
lisli navi-ator, who commanded the first suc- 
eisslul e.\jiid. for the scttienient of Va. He 
had previoii>ly aeqidrid npuiatim in expeds. 
against the Spaniards in the W. Indies. With 
3 vessels he set sail from Blackwall, Dec. 19, 
1606; Apr. 26, 16U7, tliev ^a^v and named 
Cape Henry and Cape Charles in honor of the 
tons of King James ; laniling Apr. 30, they 
named the spot Point Comfort, haviag recent- 
ly experienced a severe storjn. They landed 
at Jamestown, the first permanent settlement 
efleeted by the English in X.A., .May 1.3. 
Newport, in June, returned to Eng. Early the 
next year, he arrived o|>portunely with ad- 
ditional sutlers and supplies. Ho soon after 
visited Powhatan at Werowocoinoco, aceomp. 
hy Capt. Smiih and a party of 30 or 40 men ; 
and next vi^ited()pccancan'ough at Pamunkey. 
He reiurned to Eng. after a delay of 3 and'a 
half months, but visited Va. again'laie in 1608, 
bringing a second si:jiply, in ludii.g presents 
for Powhatan. He suhsequently came back 
to Va. in the fleet convex ing Lord Delaware 
and the new charter to the Colony, but was 
wrecked at Bermudas, where they built a ves- 
sel, with whiih they reached their destination. 
Before reluming lo Eng. for the last time, he 
attempted, with RatelitFe, to depose Smith 
from the presidency, but was defeated in the at- 
tempt, and acknowledged hiinseU in the wrong. 
Newport's " Discoveries in Amer." were first 
pub. in 180O, in " Aixhicolufia Americana," 
vol. iv. p. 25, edited by Rev. E. E. Hale. 

Newton, Gilbert Sidart, artist, b. 
Halifax, N.S , Sept. 2, 1795; d. 5 Aug. 1835. 
Henry his father, a loyalist, lelt Boston in 
1776; became collector of customs in Halifax; 
and d. 1803. The son was then brought to 
Boston ; became the pupil of liis uncle, Gil- 
bert Smart; visited Italy; and in 1817 went 
with Leslie to London. Social intercourse 
and ill-health limited his work, and lor several 
years a mental disorder blighted and isolated 
his life. He was a good colorist ; had humor, 
genius, and pathos. Amimi; his works is the 

" Dull Lecture, fhe Poet reading his 

Verses," portraits of John Adams and Wash- 
in;;ion Irving, and scenes from " Gil Bias" and 
Moliiirc. — r,,.fei7«an. 

Newton, Isaac, naval architect, b. Scho- 
dack, N.Y., Jan. 10, 1794; d. N.Y. Nov. 22, 
IS.')3. Son of a Uevol. s(ddier; pursued the 
occupation of a sliip-hnihier ; and over 90 ves- 
sels have been eonsa'ncted nnder his super- 
vision. The splendid Hudson-river boats, 
" Hendrick Hudson " and the " New World," 
were built bv him ab. 1851. — Ilisl. Mag. iii. 
27. 

Newton, Jons, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. 
Va. ab. IS20. West Point, 1842. Entering 
the engr. corps, he was assist, prof, of eng. at 
West Point 1843-6; 1st lieut. 16 Oct. 1852; 
capt. 1 July, 1856; maj. 6 Aug. 1861 ; brig.- 
geu. vols. 23 Sept. 1861 ; maj.-gen. vols. 30 



Mar. 1863; lieut.-col. engrs. 28 Dec. 1S6S 
He was engaged in various services, including 
the Utah exped. in 1858 ; the con-truciioii of 
Ft. Delaware, and repair of Ft. Mifflin, 1858- 
61 ; com. a brigade in the Peninsular camp ; 
and engaged at Gaines's Mill and Glendale; 
also at South Mountain and Antictani, for 
which brev. lieiit.-col. 17 Sept. 1862; com. a di- 
vision at Fredericksburg and at Gettysburg, for 
which brev. col. 3 Julv, 1863; com. 1st corps 
from 2 July, 1863, to Dec. 1863 ; com. 2d div. 
4th corps in invasion of Ga. May-Se|it. 1864; 
and engaged at Rocky-faced Ridge, Resaca, 
Dallas, Kenesaw, Peach-tree Creek, Jonesbor- 
ough, and siege and capture of Atlanta; com. 
Dist. of Key West and Tortugas, Oct. 1864- 
June, 1865;" brev. brig.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865 for 
Peach-tree Creek and Atlanta, Ga. ; and brev. 
maj.-gen. U.S.A. for gallant and merit, serviics 
during the Rebellion. — Ciillum. 

Newton, Joiix Thomas, capt. U.S.N., b. 
Va.; d. Washington, D.C., July 28, 1857. 
Midshipman, Jan. 16, 1809; lieut. July 24, 
1813; ma>ter, March 3, 1827; capt. Feb. 9, 
1837 ; acting lieut. of " The Hornet " in the ac- 
tion wiih " The Peacock," Feb. 24, 1813 ; and 
Istlienl. in that with " The Penguin," Mar. 23, 
1815. 

Newton, Roger ; d. Milford, Ct., Jan. 15, 

1771, a. 86. Col. and disting. in the expeds. of 
1709-10; many years a member of the coun- 
cil, and 33 years judge of C.C.P. In his epi- 
taph are these lines : — 

" Xewton, as steel, inflexible from right 
In faith, in law. in equity, in light.'' 

Newton, Tho.mas, lawyer, b. Eng. Jan. 
10, 1661 ; d. Portsmuuth, N.H., May 28, 1721. 
He was cd mated in Eng.; was atty.-gen. for 
Ms. Bay 1720-1 ; dep. judge and judge of the 
admiralty; comptroller of the customs; sec. 
of N.H. uniil 1690; and for many years one 
of the chief lawyers of Boston. 

Nicholas, Gen., Revol. officer, b. Ireland, 
1724; d Alexandria, Va., 9 Aug. 1807. He 
was a scholar, and tran-lated from the French 
a work on military tactics. 

Nicholas, George, statesman and jurist, 
eldest son ot Robert Carter N., b. Hanover, 
Va. ; d. Ky. 1799. Wm. and Mary Coll. 

1772. Was disting. during the Revol. in the 
field and in the council ; niaj. 2d Va. Regt. 
1777, and afterward col.; was a leading mem- 
ber of the convention whirh ratified the Federal 
Constitution ; was a member of the house of 
delegates, whose deliberations heahnost entirely 
controlled. Emigrating from Va. in 1790, he 
was chosen a mcm'ier ot ihc conveniion for 
framing a constitution lor Ky., which met 
April 1, 1792, at Danville, and of which instru- 
ment he may be called the author. He w.is 
the first atty.-gen. of the Siate. 

Nicholas, Robert Carter, patriot and 
statesman, b. Va. 1?15 ; d. at his scat in Han- 
over, Va., 1780. Wm. an. I M. Coll. Son of 
Dr. George, who einig. to Va. ab. 1700, and m. 
a widow, Mrs. Burwell, nc: Carter. He was 
named for Robert Carter, pros, of the council 
in 1726, and studied and practised law, in 
which he rose to eminence. While young be 
represented James City in the house of bur- 
gesses, in which he continued ti.l the house of 



4 i lc ji nr » was ot^aiarJ ia I TTT. uh) m in iImi t>«pk: Mu-rrJ nrfit- n N E ; aftervan) rtwiicd 

bo«Jr. till, ia ITTS. »pf. a i ■':?- <^ ''w H»c*( Hi«r »! Bariiiutoe. V; ; and faSttuarn- t tnti- 

l'»art ol OiaafTTT, aad . ■ " > - ..nj-r Oa>;<*_T ia N Y , anJ lor i ymn 

Cvari o» Appceilv Fixv irt»sT;ii:«th> «i:h anJ >p; rvacxio 

ma* a cvaoiirwMM mm ■ jrtw^ of S»-t!v nntDiB:!v littnl ht:a 

whn-' " ' »•• '" ' hi> pacmrot arc k^fii^ 

a? n D. (Bo««m CtoO. 



ho 






Nicholas, Rohect Cx>t«l U.S. mamr 



. I J. Smith. j«nM. «on of 



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An 

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I>l't-i.~. lit (4'.v a Mncr K> lus cow<iis(«t$ aad to otbrr 

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S«^ :;;: :^<« 



N-IC 



6o9 



1«69. WestlVint, IS3:?, Enterini; f lio 2d Art,, 
h - scnxxl with >ti<:inf tion in the Moxii-an \v;\r, 
t^Tst as !u>!o to G.n Quimian, anil thon «s a*, 
sisf- aili,-p.-n w Itv-n. Garlnnd. Oistiii^ at 
Monb-ivy, Chun<!>;i<<\i, and Jlo.ino dol Roy, 
and t>r\'V. or.pt. and ni;»i. ; assist, ailj.-stfn. (Tsnk 
of oa)>t,) July *», Ijsja; liont.-^Ml". Aiiff. S, 
!^1 : col. .Innc I, 1S6-I; l-rov. hri^.-S^^n. Sopt, 
S4, IS(V»; and Urov. tunj.-son. M:m-h IS. IS65. 

Nieholsoa, Alfred Osboisx Pope, law- 
Tvr and |H>Uacian. K Wi;i:\n»sion Co.. Tonn., 
Anir- SI, IJti-!. r. of X.C. I:?i7. SottM in 
Tonn. as a lavryvr in 1$31 ; in 1S32-5 lu- «h1- 
itod the ir strm M rmry, a IXmuoc, IV>)K"r, St 
Columhia, Tt>nn,; frv>n>' VKv. 1S44 to IS46 lio 
olitctl thv? X;»shviUo I "h.vvi .- was a moinK-r of 
the Ic-^isl. in lS;W-9 : U.S. son.\Mr in liMO-i ; 
Stato sona;or in lS4S-~j; chanwllorofihoniid- 
dio division of the Stito in IS4,> and "51 ; prvs, 
of tho Bank of Tonn. in 1J46-T; printorot tho 
houso during tho SSd. and of tli- s nato dnrin;; 
tho S4th. Con;:r.'SS< s ; aiid in lSM-6 cdiwroV 
t^e WashiHiiMu l\i'/ 1'h;^\). Uo was a nienj- . 
b,T of tlK- i-onwntion whi.-h nvt at Xashvillo 
in l^Vi, and do'.ivoiwl thon- an ol.it>oraresjv\\-h 
in fa\-or of tho '" oouturmuiso movoinont," then 
befon> Con!rr.^ss ; iwinh.T of tho Donioo, nat, 
con\fnrion of 1S52: and was oflonxl hv Gon, 
ri,iv< a oal'inM amiointnioat, which ^e do- 
ciincil. ElootiM U.b. sonator in IS59, ho w;»s 
cspollod in July, IS61. 

Nicholson, t^iR Frascis. a colonial jov-. ; 
d. Lond. Miiroh 5, I72S, Ho w:»s bv i\ro(os- 
fioa a soldior, and w;vs liout.-5?>v. of \.Y. un- 
d r Andros, and at tho head of the administra- 
tion in 16l?:-8 : gvn-. of V.I. 161XV2 and 169<»- 
1705; gov. of ^fd. 1694-9. In 1710 ho ir.us 
com. of the tbrcos th.it capmivM I'ort Ro\tU 
CK-t, 2. Ho ivtunirtl !o En;;. lo nr.;<> another 
a;:v"rai<t on Canada, taking with him 5 lavjuois 
chiefs, who wvro prosontcvt to Qneon Anno. Ho 
»Iso cvnn. tho unsiuvossful oxjxhI. of tho next 
yoar. Oct, li. 1712, to Ati^. 1717. ho wsis^ov. 
ol Sova Scotia, Ho was knil^h^^l in 17;0; 
gov. of S.C. 1 7il-,"> ; tpramod to Ens- 'n Juno, 
1 725 ; and made a liout,<?:n. Author of '■ An 
Apo'iOiry or Vindication of F.N., Gov. of S.C.," 
Loud., tolio, 172J: " Jonm.-U of an Exjxxl. lor 
tho K.\hution of Port Royal," LoiVjl.. 4to, 1 7 1 1 . 

Nicholson, James, <.-om. U.S X., K Ch^s- 
tcnoNvn, Ml., 1737 ; d. X. York, Sept 2, IJOt. 
Ho was trainoil to tho soa with his two bros., 
S.»muol and John, arterwarvis caiit-s. in the na- 
\"y; was at tho capture of Ilavon.i in 1762; 
r"-sid«l in Xcw Yort in 1763-71 ; ontoivd the 
Rc\m'. nivy in " Tho Defrnoe," a Md. vessel, 
in 1775. in whivh, in Mar. 1776, ho rccaritured 
Pi'VcTal vi-ssols which had l>o<'n taken by the 
British : w;is apti. to com. '■ Tho Vi:-,;ini:v," of 
oj ■■ ...^ :., T ., K7C: and in J.m. 1777 sne- 
ce II ';ikins as i-oni.-in-chi f of 

th at post until its dissohi- 

tio",. id ' of the Cli sapcak.' pro- 

Tontovl •• Ih. Virginia" (him pcJtins to sea ; 
■nd C.ip*. Xic'.Ri'son and his crow joined the 
cnny, and wore pro.-*nt .it the battle of Trou- 
ttvi. In a >r.b<i>|u.nt att^ipt to pet to sea, 
his sh!:i s;nick tjnm a l>or, snd was captnrod, 
the caprrun .inil mo-t of his crew escapin;;. An 
io^niiy, in>tituted by Conirn-ss, ocqnitnM him 
of allblainc. He ajterwanl com. the fri^t« 



"Trnmbull," of SS inms; and .Tune 2, 175!0, 
had a sevort" action of ."< honrs with " Th.' W\- 
att," losing 30 nuMi befon- tho shijis jwrtwi. ta 
Ati,:;. 17S1 she was capturvnl otf tho Cajx-s of 
no!aw;u\' by "The Ins" and "Gv-n. Monk,"' 
attor a ^!a"nt rvsistaiKV, b in j conipK-toly dis- 
mantK~<t. Otpt, X. »t\or tho war iv^ido>i in 
Xow York, whort- he was in liSOI-4 l".t>. eotn- 
niiss, of loans. His thrtv daujrhtors won.- m. 
to Alliort Gallatin. Wm. Few, and .lohn Mont- 
g<>niorv. .-m M.O.. and mavor of Bnltimotv. 
Nicholson,.!- «"- .\..cjpt l",s N , i.. Ms.. 

Fok 10. Ijiil Midshipm. Feb. 10. 1S5S; 
lient. Apr, 24, 1S52; coin. July 16, I S62: ca>>t. 
July 2.%, 1S66 : ia sloop " V.-indali.i.'MapAU os- 
l>i\l., ISS.VS ; in en'-a^Mneni with Couti-d. bat- 
torios at .Vquia Creek. I'oioniao Kiver, It^ei ; 
cr>m. steamor " Is.aue Smith." S. A. blockade 
si|uad.. 1S61-2; ai-tion with Confoil. tlivti Xov. 
l!:(.l ; battle of Port Royal, Xov. 7, 1S61 ; ac- 
tion with ConftHl. flotilla in tho Savannah River, 
Fob. I,sfi2: en^gvmeut with Conllxl. inlautry 
near Jiicksonville, Fla. ; com. ironclad ■' Maii- 
haitan." \V. Gulf block, sipiad., 1S64; in Kit- 
tle of Mofiilo B.iy. Au^. 5, 1S64 ; bomb:\nl. of 
Fi>rt Moiiran. Auj. IS64 ; wm. steamer " Mo- 
hoU;:o," l*acitic squad., 1S65-6; com. " Wam- 
jvinivii:. ISi>7-^. — //iiHKfs/v. 

Nicholson, Jon\- B.. commo. I" S.X.. h. 
Rieliiii.Mi>!. Va., 17S:!: d. \V.-i>hini;ton, D.C, 
Xov. 9. IS46. Midshipm. Julv 4, l!?lV>; lieut. 
May 20. 1S12; com. Manh" 5. 1SI7; cipt. 
Apr. 24, 1 S2S. At the capture of " The Maoe- 
doMian " tViirare. he serveil as 4th'lieut. of" The 
Uni^■H| States ; " ho w;>s the lirst lieut. of "• The 
l'o:ioov-k." and, al^cr her brilliant tiuht with 
•• Tho E|>ervior," hiought the priie saloly in'o 
jx^rt. 

Nicholson, JosKrn Hoffer. jurist, and 
M.C. 1799-l.HT6.b. Md. 1770; d 4 Mar. 1S17. 
He i\x\ivtxl a g\xxl odncation ; wjis a I.iwycr; 
a|ip. chief jud;^' 6th dist. ; and was also a judj^.^ 
01 the Court of Apix-als. 

Nicholson, Josefii J . capt. I'.S N., b. 
Md. ; d. Riltimore. IVc. 12, IS-SS. Midshipm. 
.-Vpr. 2, IStU; lieut. June 4. IJIO; master. 
Maivh 5. 1?17; capt. March ■•^. 1S27. 

Nicholson, S-vMfKL, senior officer U.S.X.. 
btxi. of Janu's, b. Md. 174S; d. Charlostown. 
Ms.. IK-c. 29. 1*11. He was a lieut. with 
Paul Jones in tho battle U^tween the " Bon 
llomme Kich-ml " and " Sera| is ; " was made 
a capt. Sept. 17, 1779 ; and early in 17S2 cinn. 
the liig-ate " Deane " of S2 iruns, in which he 
cniiseil suci-essfully, takins anions other pritos 
S shxips of war with an a^^irfiiate of 44 gnus. 
Coniniiss. c-apt. on the ix^-oryaniuilion of the 
navy. June 10, 1794; and was the first civn. 
of the tiigato " Constitution." Another lm> , 
John, was iximmiss. lieut. in tho Revol. navy 
Au::. 17. 1776: capt. Sept. 17, 1779. 

Nicholson, Wiu.nv C, commo. U.S.N.. 
b. Md. XIid^hipm!^u Jniie IS. 1812; liout. 
Mar. .t. ISill ; com. Sept. S. 1S41 ; capt. Auu'. 
22, 1S55: commo. (retired lit) July 16. 1S62. 
Com. schooner '• Boxer," Pacific' squadron, 
1S50; ,,l,x>ii "Ptvble." Molit. squad.. lS+3; 
flttt-capt. Pacific s,jiiad. lSo5 : com. sioani-frisr- 
a e" Mis.sissipiii," E.l. squad, 1S5S-60; steam- 
frigixt- ■■ Roanoke." 1S6I. 

Nicklin, Pmup IIolbrook, lxx>ksellei 



NIC 



6G0 



NTN" 



•D'l aiilhor, b riiila. 17S6 ; d. there Man-h S, 
\bii. N.J. Coll. 1804. After 9iii>h ill); Inw 
III- iK'cninc n IxMikwIlvr. flrsl in Ualiiinorc in 
1809, niiil ill I8U iu I'liilu. ; iik-iiiUt of ilio 
PIiiUk). Sucioly, mill, wliilo n iriunt! of tlii' L'. 
uf I'n., viniicil Kdi:, makiii;:, t>ii hit roitirn in 
ls')4,ii rv|)oi't to ilic iHiiiril on iIk' conilitiiin of 
the Uiiivorsi iosi of Canilinili;f ami O.xford. 
IK' coiurili. avtiolcs on ioniliulo;;y to Silliimiii't 
./..•I'lm/ ami to oiIkt (KTiiKlii-als ; piili. Lcttcm 
ni-iri|itivo of Vii. Siiiinip), " U'lnnrks on 
Literary rro|Krty." VHrioiis iia|K'r!i on fn'o 
t'liilo iiiiil the txriir Mstcin in rvluiion to Inioki, 
which wcr« piili. iiimuii; the ilofuincnlv anncxcj 
to tlio ri'iKirt of the I'liila. Krccirmli! Conven- 
tion in IS II, of wliieli he was n member. 

Nicollet, Jk*n Nicol*«, « Krvmh 
a>Iix>nonier hikI (:eolo;:ist, b. Siivov iib. 17^ti; 
il. WasliiiiKlon, D.C. Sept. 11, iS4.1. S. e. 
unil librarian of the (lloervatMr ni I'nris in 
Ksir. lie eaiiic to ilie U.S. Dee.ISSl ; e.\- 
ploivd the Sonihern tSiaies, cspeeially the jrrciU 
l>n>iii rinbmceil by the sonrre» of the HihI, 
Arkansas, aiul Mo. Kivens ; anil in I8.'l6 hml ex- 
leiiile>l his explorations to the sonietN of llio 
M|ii. lie colleeteil many interesting tleiails of 
the hisiijiy and dial<els of the Indians, and of 
the |iroducts and natural history of the eonn- 
try. lie was eii^.i^d by the war depi., and 
insirnciod by Mr. I'oinsett to revisit the Tar 
West, and prepare a yi'iieral report and map 
lor the Kovt. r" re. ..out aeeomp. him as assist 
In 1841 Nicollet pn'scnted to the Assoc, of 
Ainer. Gc<do;:isi8 at I'liila. an interesiiii); coin- 
inunienlion upon the K'o'or.v o( the Upper 
Mpi. rocion, and of theorcuiceonsrurnialionof 
the Upper Missouri. 

NiCOlSOn, S.iMUEL, inventor of the 
" Nicolson pavement;" d. Jan. 6, 1868, n. 

:c 

ITiles, IIkzkkivh, joumnlist, b. Chester 
Co, I'a., Oct. 10, 1777; il. WilminKion, llel., 
Apr. 2, 18.)9. Lcariiinj; the trade ol n printer, 
lie was ah. 18(H) one of the tirm of U>>nsall and 
Niles, printers and pubs., Wilmiii;:loii. Del., 
bill was nnsuceessfnl ; afterward became a iim- 
trib. of amnsinK essjiy*, entiilcd "' CJailldiiv- 
in^;," to a (leriodieal : an<l then for six vears 
cditetl a daily pa|H'r in Ualiimore. ife is 
chiefly known as the founder, in 181 1 , of Xihs's 
AVi/H/rr, a weekly journal pub. at Baltimore, 
ol which ho was the editor till Aiii;. 18.')6. 
The llfiiii'fr was rcpnb by him in 32 voU , ex- 
tending Iniin 1812 to 1827, and was continued 
by lii> son W. (>. Niles. and others, till Juno 
27. 1 849 : making 76 vol>. in all. He aUo com- 
piled a vol., " riimiples and Acts of the Hev- 
ol.," 8vo, 1822. He advocated protection to our 
national industry, ami, with Mathew Carey, was 
one >rf the ablest champions of the " American 
Sysrem. • 

Niles, JuiiN Milton, author and |»diti- 
cian, b. Windsor, Ct., Auj;. 20 1787 ; d. Hart- 
ford, .Mav 31, 1856. He received a comniun- 
K-hool e<lucaiion ; was adm. to the bar, and, 
removin); to llartfonl in 1817, he. in connoMion 
with his piufcksional labor, cstablishetl anil prin- 
cipally edited the Unilfiid Timtf, to whii ii he 
coiiiribuietl for 30 yearv. He was an active 
l>emoc. politician, a supporter of st»tc-ri|:bts 
tluelrincs, anil received Iruiu 1821 for several 



Tcafii the annual app. of jiuIbc of the Hartford 
Co. Court ; wa« a Mate representative in 1826; 
app. iHistmaster ut Hartfiiid in 1829 br Jack- 
son ; Iroin Dec. I83i until 18.-19 and in'l84.l-9 
U.S. senator; jMistma-ier-ijincnil in 1840. 
Wiih Dr. John C. Tease, he .ditid a (uiieitwr 
of Ct and It 1 . pub. in 1819. He pub. "Tlio 
Ciiil Ollicer," a history nf .s. .Vnicrica and 
Mexico, 18.(8; "Life ol Com. I'lrry," 1820; 
and a numl>er of orations, addrext-a, &c., U|Hin 
a creat variety of subjci ts; also an improved 
olition of liobbins's Journal; eilited forrepul>- 
licatioii ill i8l6alart;e Kiii;. work, "The In- 
ilc|H'nileni Whi;;." He pa-scd his later years 
in horticultural pursuits. In his will Si-nator 
Niles beipii-athoi $20,000 to be held iu trust 
for the |HMir in Hartlonl. His library he paro 
to the Ct. Hist. Society. 

Niles, NATiiASAr.L, clerjtymnn, inventor, 
and politician, b. South Kingston, K. 1., Ajir. 
3, 1741 ; d. Oct. 31, 1828, at Wi-st Fairl.i , Vt. 
N.J. Coll. 1766. He sindii-d iiii-diciiie and 
law, tiiujiht awhile in N.Y. Ciiy.siinli' d thiol- 
'0)i\ under Dr. IJellnniy, and preiu lied in si'^ 
cral places in N.E. Bi'coniiii;,' n rvsidint of 
Norwich, Ct., he invcntid a pn>ci't..s of niakin); 
wire Irom bur-iron by wntcr-pow r, and con- 
nected it wiili a woo!-i'ard manufactory. lU-- 
inovinK after th • U vol. to Dranp' Co., Vt., 
he filled scviral public olSce- in tliul S'ate; was 
(ip<'aker of the hoii.sc in 1784; pev.r.-il years 
jud^e of the Supreme Court; M. C. in 1791-5; 
one of the ctn ors for the nvision of tho 
Stale con.stitniion. He pnh. four disronroes 
on "Sis-nt Prayer," 1773; two di<coiirsiii on 
"Confession of Sin and Fi>r.:ivcni»s; " two 
SiTnions on " The Perfection of t,iod, the Foun- 
tain of Good," 1774 ; a s»rmon on " Vnin 
Amusements;" and a "Letter lo a Friend," 
1809; he nl.so wrote "The .Vincrican Hero," a 
Sappliie ode, once very popular in Nur"icU. — 

^'/•nii/iir. 

Nilos, Sami-ei-, minister of Bmintnc, Ms., 
b. Block Lsland, May 1, 1674 ; d. iLiy I, 1762. 
11. U. 1699. He preiicliid in Kin,-ston, U. I., 
1702-10; installed at 2d Chiin-h, Bniintrec, 
May 23,1711. He pub. " -V Brief and Sor- 
rowful Aciount of the Prv\scnt Chnnhes in 
N.E.," 1745; " Vindie.tiion of Divirs Imior- 
tunt Dmtrinee," 8vo, 1752 ; "Scripture iW- 
trine of ()ri;;inal Sin,"' 8vo, 1757; "lioil's 
Wondcr-^vorl.iiii: Provid. nee for N.E. in the 
KeUiiciion of I>ouislnir,'," 1747; and a " His- 
tory of th'.' Fr nch and Indian Wars," iu 
" llist. Colls." 3il ser., vol. vi. — Syni<iu-^. 

Nini<p^et, Sachem of NiANTic,.acluef of 
the Narra«on9 Its at the setilciuent of H. !. by 
the whiles. He was the uncle of MianMiunnoh, 
but did not |>;irtici|>ate in his w.ir wi>h thn 
Peqiiots in 1632. In the Pi'<iiiot "arof 1637 
he allied llio English ; havini; v isiti d the West- 
ern Indians, and tho Dutch gov. SiuyviSjinl, 
he was susiH-cted of nlottini; with tliiMii the 
destniciion of the Entilish : and Sept. 20. 1653, 
the commi&iioners ot the United (.oloni* di.»- 
clarid war with liini. It wa.s not tirosiviiti-d, 
however, owin;; to th • opjo-ition of Nis. Nini- 
cret ineanwhilo wa.-i^ war with the Ixing- 
T.sland Indians ; and, rvfusinc to nji|>i-ar al 
llartfonl, war wils a;:nin declared m Sept. 
1654. Maj. S. Willard U-d the cxpcd., and 



N7>r 



661 



NOA 



morf^.a-e,l (her tomtory to II. Atlicrton an. 
TrrT' 1? f ""■ P?*-»»">n at I'ctte |Mam.,ot in 
1 OGJ. lie kept aloof (roin I'hilip'; ,var 1675- 

oth'T'triVfl'""' ""' '"''' "^^""^ overtook the 
Nino (ucn '-yo), Peoko Aloszo, o Spanish 
nav,;;ator, Burnamed Kl N\.;:ro (th.. Blail<) l" 
An<lalu.sm, 1468; .1 al,. 1505. One of 'tie 
companions of Colaininu, i„ hin third vova'"' • 
afterward com. a car-ivel, and made discovene^ 
oa and near the S. Am' riean eoast 

.„^ 1 °*'.^,"''.'"-^'''"-"- ^^■■'- Coll. 17ft3). 
scholar and divm-, I,. Iladdin-u.n, Scotland 
2IJan. irao; d. Carlisle. Pa.,'jan is" ml' 
Ed.nh. U. ,75, Lie:n*d to 'preach 24 ]C^. 
1760. He wa; Ion- a cler^'yman at Montrose 
bcotlan-.and mflucntial in the Gen. Assemldv 
from hi^ pow.Ts of «-it and ar-ument. H- openly 
favored the cau.,eof the Coloni,.«in their revol 

l^T^u ^^"^" I"""'- "'■ ^''•'^- Coll. on its 
ettablLshraent in 1783, he yield-d to the i.r-en! 

1^.'- ,T ",?'■' ""'^ '■'"^"■■'^ =" Phila. in Jm", 
USo. Unal.l., U> prevail uitli th<- trustee fo^ 
a proper system of education, he reM Tied the 
ne.xt year, d.-i^Tiln;,. to return to Scotland; 
chin;,nn- his mind, h- waa re-ehcted in ilav 
1 786; entered vi^'orou-sly on th.: prosecution if 
his dut.e^, performin-,^ the t-r-^at lalx^r of di 

logic, the philosophy of the mind, hclles-lct- 
f^frt- ^"'J *>■«"-'"'?".« theolo-y, an<l straggled- 
inertcctually to bnn? the education orthc 
times up to his 8tan.iard. lie was a man of 
decided ahil.ty and s<holarship ; possess -,1 great 
humor, and an extraordinary memorv. Ilia 
posthumous works were pub. in 1805; Lis Me- 
moirs, by Dr. Miller, 1 840. - .S>rr«/^.. 
Wisbet, James, editor an<l author, b. Scot- 

ot the " Bro. Jonathan " off Oregon. An un- 
successful fiovclist and journalist in En-, and 
Australia, m 1855 he went Uj Cal., where he 
puo. Annals of San Francisco," and was 
connected with the Chrrmide and the /JMii,, 
01 which, on the assassination of Mr. liin- he 
b-xrame editor. "' 

Nixon, Oes. JoH-f, Revol. officer b. Fra- 
mmgham, Ms., Mar. 4, 1725; i Middlcbury 
Vt., Slar. 24 1 81 5. H, sencd a., a soldi-r a 
the capture of Louisburg in 1745 ; retunied to 
his native place after 7 years' s- rvi.e in the 
army and navy ; again ent.-rcd th- armv as a 
capt. and fought at Ticonderoga when Aber- 
croinbie was defeated, and in tli<: battle of Lake 
G»rge. Afterward, fa! ling into an ambusoa<Je 
he cut lus way through the <nemv, and ,-^ 
cap«l, but with t he k>ss of n.-ariy all' lus partv. 
In the Kevol. he led a cr>mpanv of minutc-mon 
at Lexington ; and at Hunker's Hill, where he 
com. a regt., he receive,! a wound from which 
h" never entirely r«/.v. red. Ma/le a bri- -ccn 
Aug. 9 1776. At the battle of Stiifi^^ter 
where he com. the first brigade, Ms. li„c a 
cannon-ball passed so near hi . he.-vl as to im- 
pair jxmianently the sight of on • eve and the 
h -ann- of one car. In poor he-"lth, he n- 
signed bus commission, Sept. 12, 17S<0- in 1803 
li • r r.-ioved wi.h his cliildr -n to Mid.ll -burv Vt 
Nixon, Col. Jou.f, Kevol. oUicer, b. \Vc8tI 



Chester, Pa.; d. Phila. 1 Jan. 1809. A mcr- 
chant and an ardent patriot of Phila., he com 

Pre^. of th • Bank of \.A. 1782-1809 

Nixon, Cot. Thomas, bro. of Gen. John 
I'. Framin-ham, Ms., Apr. 27, 173C; d on tie 
passage Iro.u Boston to Portland m""- 
Aug. 12, 1800; ensign in the French war in 
) < j6 ; com. a company of minute-men in 1 775 ■ 
wa,alt.rwardcouimissionedcol. 6th Ms R,..,t 
and served through the war with bravery and 
tilKicncy. He removed to Southlorou-h ab 



Noah, M.woB MoRDECAi Maviel, cdi'or 
and (wlitician, b. Phila. July 19, I7S5 • d V w 
^ ork. Mar. 22, 1851. Hi.s parents wer. jiws 
and to that faith he adhVr«l throu-h li^' 
Comnnnc.n.' life as an apprentice, he Zx,n .hi 
votwl hiias.lt to the study of the law ; remov-d 
o Cbarl "ston, and took an a<-tive pan in pub- 
he adairs In 1811 he was appl con~n to 
Riga, and m 1813 to Morocco, w/th a mission 
to Algiers; he returned to the U.S. .-.b. 1816 
and pub the meidr.nts of his foreign travel' 
8vo, -S.\ ., 1819. Editor of the A'„/,W .1,/,^' 
c«fc, aDemoc. journal in X.V., until 1826; he 
was, while thus engaged, elected slieri;r of the 
city and eo.; in 1826 he established the V J" 
/"'/'.-/•er, .subsmiiently merged into the prr-si-nt 
tCr'' ":"' '"V'r'-r; in 1834 he established 
the Lvennir, Slar, but withdrew from the .iaiJv 
press, and established, in con-iec-ion wi;h 
.Messrs. Ueans and Howard, a weeklv naner 

olhce of sheri,r. My. Xoah vas at one ii:„e the 
surveyor of th- rioit and judge of th Court 
of .S .,.-ions. He endeavored to f >nn a settle- 
ment of Jew.s on Grand Wand, in the Xia-ara 
Kiver; but the scheme failed. In 1845 he de- 
livered a dj.scour.se upon the Restoration of the 
■Jews, and pub. a cr.l lection of his newspaper 
essays, eiiti-led" Gleanings from a Gat le red 
I/arvest,'- I2rao, N.Y.; he also pub. a tran h^ 
lion 01 the '■ Book of Jasher," 8vo, 1840 and 
"in, "r. '""'""■'''' ''•^^■'^'•a' successful dramas — 
• 7. ,?i,'"'"''^'* "'' Sorrento," " Paul and Alc.\- 
■S Slie would he a Soldier," "Marion, or 
the Hero of La! e George," " The Grw^^ian 
Captive," and " The Siege of Tripoli." 

NoaiUesde (deb no'.ii'l, LoVis \Urie 
vieom.e, b. 17 Apr. 1756; d. 9 .Jan. IS.h.' 
Second son of the .Marshal De .Mouchv. Adoi,t- 
ing the military career, he l«.-came an' excellent 
tactician and com. the regi. Soissonnnis in the 
army of Uoehambeau, distinguishing himself at 
the capture ot Y'orktown, and being one of the 
commi-sioncrs to arrange the articles of cnnit- 
ul.-ition. He was a bro.-in-law of Lalavctte 
and, imbibing an enthusiasm for liberty' was 
one of the nobles wlio. 13Julv, 1789 resolved 
to divest themselves of their' exclusive privi- 
leges, aii.1 sit with the lien 0nl. He had a 
pniieipal sh.irc in the early part of the French 
revol. struggle; but in Slav, 1792, hopeless of 
t ics.icc'cssof constitntionai libertv. he resi-ncd 
the com. of the advanced ,«,sts'of the t'lnip 
01 Valeiiciennes, and withdrew to the US 
Ke-Cf)i<.ring the French senricc, he went to St. 
IJominL'O in 1803 as gen. of briga.le, but was 
mortall.v wounded in an action with an Kn"h\h 
vessel. His wife was a victim of the guillotine. 



NOB 



CC2 



r^-oR 



Noblo, Louis Lkorand, li. OtM;;o Co., 
N.Y., 1812. Rciiiuval with liU pMrviiis to 
Miclii-uii in 1824. On), in I'roi.-Kji. ill. 1840; 
offii'i;iii.'U in N.C.. nt Cal>kill, X. Y . unil Uvanic 
ill I8J4 rivlor uf n cliun'h at (.'liiiu^'u. Au- 
tliiir uf " N(vniiili-iulii." Hii Iniliun siiirv in .3 
rnnlo*. In GiiJuim's Mii'/.; " Lilt, I'liunH-tiT, 
lui.l (MMiiiisof T!io<. ( olc," IS.W; •The Lady 
Aii;.'<iiin.', !in<l uiluT IV>'iuii," 1857 ; " Alicrlce- 
Ijir." uilli II I'uinier," — Cliurch. 

Noble, No»n, L-nv. IiKliiina IS-'tl-T ; Ij. Va. 
.1.111 l.'i. 1:94; a. IiKli.iiiuiKiiis, Feb. 1844. 

Noblo, Olivi;b, iniiii>icrol'C<>vciiirv, Ct., 
irJ'J-OI ; «r Xcivlinrv, .\h., 1702-83; and of 
X«w.a» h; N.II., from 1784 to hii d 1792, a. 
50; I.. ilKlirun. Cl. Y.C. 1757. lie jjiib a 
dlM'oiir>v uM (^huruh Mu>ic, 1774; on Bo:itou 
Mii"Mrr.-. 177i. 

Noble, I'.vTRiCK, lawrer and [Hilitioian, 
b. Alikville I)i-t., S.C., 1787 ; J. there Apr. 7, 
1840. X.J. i:oll. 1806. Uc k'canie a laivviT, 
a partner of Mr. Calhoun, and in 1S12 a St.itc 
rcpresunlativc; in 1818-24 s|K-aki;rof the lf;;i>l., 
and n;;ain in I8.'!2 and '3G ; nat pres. of tlie 
State senate ; aiid^ov in 18.38-40. In |>olitie9 
he was a state-rights Deinoc., and was popular 
witli ilie masses. 

Noel, Nicolas, M.I)., formerly snrgeon- 
inajiir of ilic Frcneh and American armies; 
menilier of tJie Amer. Philos. Society; |.rof. of 
anatonir and phrsiolo^y at Kheim^- ; b. Uheims, 
May 27, 1746 ; d. there .May 11, 1&12. X.K.I, 
svinpatliizing in the American ^trnji^'le for 
iiiileiKiideniv, left I'aris for the U.S. Dec. 1. 
1776. with Tronson dii Condray, and furnished 
with a brevet of sur;,'eun-iij.ijor of the Colonies, 
given him by Franklin, lie served in that 
capacity until Jan. 1778. when ho was ap|i. to 
the ship of war " Boston " to accompany the 
amlKis»ailor John Adams to France; subse- 
quently cruised in her, until ordea'd to return 
to Aniei'iia, where he rejoined the army. He 
was afterwards chari.'cd with the hospitals of 
the fleet and army of Uix-hamlK-au. Durini; the 
French l{evoluiion he was actively employed in 
the army, lint returned to Khciras in 1794. and 
nasseil the remainder of his days in the lalioi's 
incident to his prolcssioii. — Bivj. Unie. 
.■iuw,l. 

Nordheimer, Isaac, Or. Phil, of the V. 

of .\lunieh. |inil. of Hebrew and teacher of 
(ieruian in Union Tlieol. .Scm. ; d. New York, 
Kov. 1842. Author of Ilelirew (iramniar, 2 
vols. 8v(., X.Y. 18)8: "Chn'stoniathv." 8vo, 
X Y. IS)3; History of Florence; X. and Tur- 
ner's II. I>. and Chnldec Concordance, 1842. 

Nordhoff, Chaiiles, b. Krwitte, Prussia, 
18.'li'. His father was a distini:. ofBcer at 
Waterloo. He came to Amer. in 1*14 ; entered 
the navy in I84.> ; and has been editorially eon- 
nectfil with lIar|K'r's and other pcriiHlieals. 
Author of •• Man ol-Wnr Life." 1853; •• .Mor- 
clianl-Ves,<eI," IS'i.^; " WImlin;,' ami Fi>hin;r," 
le.'ifi: '• Stories of the Island World," 1857; 
••Nine Years a Siiilor," 1857; " Ca|)o Cod, 
and all Alon;; Shore." He e<liK'il Kern's 
" Land-ea|K--Ganlenin;;." 1855. Auiluir of the 
aitiele on An-tie .Adventure in Applelon's 
" .New .\iner. Cyelopredia." 

Norman^ Ukmjamin Moore, anihor, b. 
Uuil^oii, N.^ ., Dec. 22, I8U9 ; d.ncar Summit, 



Mpi., Feb. 1, I8C0. The death ol his f.ithfr, 
a iKHiksclleral Hud>on, called him fruiu a clerk- 
ship in New York to take chan;e of the bu.-i- 
iiess there, lie otabli^lieal a bookstore in N. 
Orleans in 1837, after conduetint; tlic business 
for a time in Phila. The loss of hi< wife by yel- 
low-fover in 184 1 eaUM'd in liini an unusual sym- 
pathy with the snilerers by ibis poiileiiee in 
6ubsit|Uent seasons; and he became one of the 
most sell-saerilicini; and philaiilliro|iie tin n in 
that city. As the re»ult of hi-, travels in Yuen- 
tan, he pub. in 1842 " Itainlile> in Yucatan," 
a work of great value ; aUo " New Orleans and 
its Knvirons," 1845; " Kunibles by Lapd and 
Water." 1845. — /'./^ciiwcit-. 

NorriS, Kt>wARU, minister of Salem, Ms., 
from .Mar. 18. 164U, to his d. Apr. 10, 1659 ; 
b. ICng. ab. 1589. He was a teacher a'>d min- 
ister in (jloueestershirc, and euiiic to N.K. in 
16.'!9. He was tolerant; did not join in jicrsc- 
catin;; Gorton and the Analiaptists ; anil with- 
stood the witchcraft delu^ion of 1651-4; but 
in 16.53 wrote in favor of making war on the 
Dutch. He pub. in Ix>nd., 1636, a treatise on 
A^kinl: forTeni|ioral Ulessini;.*. and" The New 
Go.spel not the True »;os|nl," Jtc, 4io, 1638, 
a replv 10 •lolin Tra>k's " True Go»|h.1 Vindi- 
cated," Loud 1636. — f'./«'« Kcc lli-il. 387. 

NorriS, Isaac, chief justice of Pa. ; a Qua- 
ker; d. Gerinantown, Pa., June 3, 1735. He 
m. a dan. of Gov. Lloyd. 

Norris, Jons, one of the founders of the 
Ami. Tlieol. Scm., to wliiih he gave 810,000 
Mar. 21, 1808; <l. IKv. 22, 1808, a. 57. .Many 
year> a ■nercliant in Salem, and several years 
in the senate of .Ms. .Mary his wiilow lie- 
ipiealheil, in 1 8 1 1 , S'lO.OIX) to the soin., and a 
like ■•iiin 10 foreign missions. 

North, Col. Cali;u ; d. Coventrj-, Pa., Xov. 
7, 1840, a. 88. lie niistil a coin|>any in Ches- 
ter Co., Pa. ; wasucapt.,aiiduftenvanlsnlieat- 
eol., in the Itcvol. army till the cIo.-<' of the war ; 
many vcars a merehaiit in Phila ; at one time 
high slieri.V of the citv and Co. of Phila. ; and 
at the time of hi.* deatli pre^. of the Pa. Society 
of the I'ineinnati. 

North, Frederick, '2d EnrI of Guildford, 
an KiiL'li-li .^tatl■MlUll. b. 13 April. 17.32; d 
Lond. 5 Aug. 1 792. Succee<li"d to tlie earldom 
in J 790. Kdiicatiil at O-vfoid and Li.ii>.sic. 
Entering parliament Inini Bunburv in 1761, he 
represented that place 30 years, (le wn.» nt the 
head ol the treasury in l7ri3-5: cbance'llor of 
the cxclKsiuer 17ii7-70; lir.st loni of the treas- 
ury l77t»-82. During his ndniiiiistration, the 
Aineriean Colonin* thre'W off their allrguiiice to 
the Briti.~h crown, becoming indepcnJeni afti-r 
a struggle of 8 yenrs, — 177.5-83. Ilosup|iuncd 
the Stamp Act and the riglit of taxing the Colo- 
nies, but. during the liLst 3yrtirs of the war, pi-r- 
se'VetXHl in it only ill defereiuv to the wishes of 
the king. He i>o«si*se«l great goiKl-temiHT, wit, 
and iKilitical aliility. Tliongh ticrciiy icssnil'd 
by Cluitham, Burke, and Fox. he maintained hU 
position with eminent tact lunl ability until Mar. 
1782, when he re.-i:,'neil ; the siirre'nderof Com- 
wallis having tenniiiatiNl the war. 

North, SinEov. DD |\Vc$l. U. 1849), 
U, D. (\V. 111-* I'.dl. 1842). b. Berlin, Ct. 
Y.C. 18j5: tutor there l«27-9. Pnil. ol Ian. 
guages in Hum. Coll., N.Y'., 1829-30; pres. o( 



NOR 



663 



NOR 



:hat inst. I8'19-57. Author of a numlier of 
sermons, cli.scuurses, and orations. 

North, Gen. William, b. Fort Frederick, 
IVniU'iuid, Me., 1735; d. ^\■^v York, Jan. .3, 
IS ill. Son of Capt. John of St. George '6 Fort, 
Thoma.ston, Me. Kniorins; the Ucvol. army in 
1 "7r>, he was a eapt. in Jackson's regt. at the 
battle of Monmonlh ; becanit aide to Baron 
Steuben in I77'J, assistinjj him in introducing 
hij sy.item of discipline into tlie army ; accomp. 
him in Va., and at the surrender of CornwalMs, 
and, ^iiining the esteem of the baron, became 
heir to one-ha!f his property. Adj. and insp.- 
gcn. U.S.A. from July 19, l"7DS, to June. 1800 
(rank rt'brii^.-gen.). He wa.s a cons])icuou< Fed- 
eralist; was once siwaker of the N.Y. Assem- 
bly; oueof tile tirst canal commiss. of the State; 
and U.S. «.-natorin 179S. App. adj.-gon. of the 
army i:i 1S12, but declined. He m. Pollv, dan. 
of James Duaue. — J/5. Memoir, hu Slisa II. 
E. S.,.<h. 

North, William, b. Eng., some time a resi- 
dent of N.Vork City; d. there by suicide, 1S.')4. 
Contrib. many pieces in prose and yerse to the 
poriodic.ils. After his death, " The Slaye of 
the r..im|i," a novel by him, was pub. IS.iS. 

Norcnend, CuAULiis, b. >\ttbury, Ms. 
rrincii)al of the Eppes School, Salem ; teacher 
and supt of schools at Danvcrs many years. 
Author of " Teacher and Parent," 12mo, 1853; 
S|icakers and other school text-books. Wil- 
liam U., his bro., is noted as a lawyer and 
politician of .Salem. 

Norton, Axdkews, an eminent Unitarian 
scholar, b. Hingham, Ms., Dec. 31, 1786; d. 
Newport, R. I., Sept. 18, 1853. H. U. 1804. 
Descend. mt of Uev. John of Ipswich. He 
studied diyinity, but neyer had charge of a con- 
gregation. Tutor in Bowd Coll. in 1809; 
and in 1811 at H.U., where he was also libra- 
rian ill ISlS-iil; in 1813 succeeded Chan- 
ning as lecturer on biblical criticism and inter- 
pretation ; and was Dexter prof of sacred lit- 
erature in 1819-30; aftcr\yards residing at 
Cambridge, deyoting himself to intellectual pur- 
suits. In 18.33 he pub. his " Statement of 
U'.'a.sons tor not l)clieving the Doctrine of the 
Trinity ; " in 1837 " Evidences of the Genuine- 
ness of the Gospels," succeeded by three other 
volumes ; a treatise on " The Latest Form of 
Inlidclily" (1839), which was answered by a 
clianipion of Transcendentalism, to whom S'or- 
ton ably replied ; and " Tracts concerning Chris- 
fi.mity," 8vo, 1832. He was also a writer of 
v.T.ic of a deyotional cast, and of great beauty 
and sweetness. He left in manuscript a Transla- 
tion of the (Gospels, pub. after his death ; contrib. 
many yaluable articles to the A'.l. Ririiw and 
the Cliilalian ET,timner; and edited in 1 833-4, in 
connection with Charles Folsom, the Select Jour- 
mil of [■'i,rPM)n Periniliral fjleialuie. In 1814 he 
edited the Miscellamous Writings of his friend 
Charles Eliot, and in 1823 performed a similar 
friendly duty for Levi Frisbee. " In his theologi- 
cal views and writings Mr. Norton unileil op- 
posite .schools of thought, and belonged, by an 
almost equal title, to the extreme right and the 
extreme left as to matters of religious belief 
He was radical as a critic and interpreter, con- 
jcrvative as an cxjwsitor of Christian doctrine. 
Wliilc leading the van in the Unitarian protest 



against Calvinism, he was foremost in ojiposi- 
tion to the naturalistic school, of which Theo- 
dore Parker was the principal reiiresentative. 
As a lecturer on the interpretation of Srri|)turQ 
he has had few eipials, and no si;|ieri()r. in this 
country." In 1812 he edited the I ,i«, ml lliin.i- 
i'o 1/ «:!(} /tirlcif, illustrating and def ndiiv^ with 
ability the views of the liberal scliool of theol- 
ogy. ' His son Charles Eliot (II U. 184G) 
has been editor of the X.A h'rrini; and hai 
pub. " Notes of Travel and Study in Italy," 
and a transl. of Dante's " New Life." 

Norton, Asahui. Strong, D.D. (Un. Coll. 
1815), b. Farmin-ton, Ct., 20 Sept. 1763; d 
Clinton, X.Y., May lu, 1833. Y.CoU. 1790. 
Old. at Clinton 1793. Son of Col. lehaboil, 
and ){nth Strong. For 40 years he exerted an 
important influence in Westeni N.Y.. and was 
Olio of the founders of Ham. Coil, at Clinton. 

Norton, Ciiapple, a British gen., b. 1746; 
d. Mar. 19, 1818. Son of Fletcher Norton, 1st 
Lord Grantlev. App. ca])t. 1 9th Foot, June, 
1763; maj July, 1769; capt. and lieut.-col. 
Coldstream Guards, June, 1 774 ; brcv. col. Nov. 
17, 1780; gen. April, 1802. He came to New 
York in Aug. 1779, and was prominent in all 
the prinei]ial subseipient occurrences of the war, 
receiving i'reiiueut and honorable mention. He 
was long the representative of Guildford in 
parliament; gov. of Charlemont, and col. 56th 
Regt. 

Norton, Johm. elergvuiMn, b. at Bi>hops 
Stonloid, Hertfordshire, 'Eng., May 6. 1606; 
d. Boston, Ms., April 5, 1663. Educated at 
Cambridge U. He was afterward curate of 
Stortlbrd. Becoming a Puritan, he came to 
Plymouth, N.E., in Oct. 1635; preached there 
during the winter; went to Boston in lii.'!6; 
and, before the c'ose of tlieyear, became min- 
ister of the church at I|iswich. He assisted 
in forming the Cambridge platform in 1648; 
returned to Boston in 1652; and in \6'J1 
went with Simon Bradstreet as agent to address 
Charles II. after his restoration. The king 
assured them that he would eoufiiiii the char- 
ter, but required that justice sliotilil he ailmin- 
istered in his name; and that all person^ of 
good moral character should be admitted to 
the Lord's Supper, and their children to bap- 
tism. This was exceedingly otfensive to lU-i 
colonists, who treated the agents on their re- 
turn so coolly, that it is said to have hastcind 
the death of Mr. Norton. He wrote an an- 
swer to a number of questions relating to 
church govt, sent over from Holland by Apoi- 
lonius, — the first Latin prose book written in 
this country; also a treatise against the Qua- 
kers, entitled "The Heart of New Eiigl.ind rent 
by the Blasphemies of the Present Generation," 
encouraging the magistrates in the persecution 
of the Quakers, which .so exa>peraied them, 
that, after his death, they re|)reM-imd to the 
king and )iarli.iineut that "John Nnrton, chief 
priest in Boston, by the imm'rliaie power of 
tue Lor.l was smitten, and died." He also 
wrote the " Life and Death of that Deservedlv 
Famous .Mm of (iod, ,\ir. John Cotton, " Loud'. 
1658 ; " Doctrine of Godliness," 164S; " Suf- 
feriiigs of Christ," 8vo, 1633; "The Orthi> 
dox KvanL'clist," 4to, 1654. 

Norton, Rev. Joh.s, b. Berlin, Ct., 1716; 



NOR 



G(34 



d. East n.irapion, Ct., Manh 24, ITTS. Y.C. 
i;;i;. Onl. at DecrfioM 1741, and sctllnl in 
B TiiariUiown, Ms. lie was clia|iliiin at Kort 
Ma»;Klui>i'iis at till' time of its capture ; was 
lakin lo C'unaila, wUi-ic lie rvnuiincil one year, 
arrivinj; in BoaIuh An;:. 1747. Installed pas- 
tor uf the Con^ eluirvli at Kasi Hanipiun, 
Ct., Xov. .lO, 174S, where he laboml nearly 30 
Years. lie |>uli. a nurraiivc of hi« raptivitv, 
llo>ion. I74S. a new nl. of which, with notes 
hy S. G Drake, a;.p. in 1S70. 
"Norton, .Ions, TRVOMNUOK.iR.tvi;x, an 
Indian cliict ol' the Six Xaiiuns. TranslatLxl the 
ljo.-|iel of John into Mohawk ah. 1!<07. It was 

Sriutctl in London hy the Uihlo Society, and 
isliihuted anion^ the Mohawk* on linind 
River, Canada, lli.-i niotlKT was Scotch. Ho 
wif wl'.ieatoil at an En^li.^h school. 

NortOU, J.'iix X.. I) U (llol.. Coll. 186.3), 
h. N.V. C.cn. Coll. 1S41'; Uenl. Tlieol. Sera. 
1843. Or>l. deacon I'rot.-Kpis. Ch. July 20, 
IS45, and after hiin;; a^~ist. at St. Lukc'.<, 
Kochoster, lor 6 iuo:itlis, Ucaine rvetor of the 
Ch. of the Asecu>ion, Franklort, Ky., Dee. 
1 846. In 1836 he puh. " Life of Bishop 
While,"' since foUoweil by bio;rraphies of many 
distin;;nisbed Chiuvhnicn ; that of Laud a)>- 
pearin:; in 1864. lie has also puli. Lives of 
VVashin^mn and Franklin, lectiir\;s on the 
Life of David, short seriuons, and sever.il re- 
lij;ious IhK.ks. — /'ii-/cii'm-it-. 

ITorton, Jons I'lTitts, first prof, of a^ric. 
cheniistrv at Y.C, b. 1822; d. 5 Sept. 1852. 
Y.C. 1846. Son of Hon. John Treadwell 
of Fariuin','ton, Ct. Author of "Elements of 
Seientif. A;;riculture," l2ino, 1830; "Appen- 
dix to Stephen's Book of the Farm," 2 vols. 
1858. He also pub. a number of essiiys on 
ayric. sulijects. 

Norton, W'illi.w .Vcgvstcs, t aehcr and 
author, l>. E. Bloonitield. X.Y.. 23 Oct. 1810. 
^Vc-t ruini, 1S.31 ; assist, prof. nat. philos. 
there 18-')l-3. I'rof. nat iihilo<. and astnm. 
U.of X.Y. 1833-9, and in Del. Coll., Newark, 
X.J., 183tt-30; pn-s. Del. Co!l. 1830-2; prwf. 
civil enp-. in \.C. since 1832. Author of 
" Eliui. Treaiisi'on Astronomy," 1839; "First 
Book of Xat. I'liilos ," 1857; and of articles 
in Amtr. JimiiimI of Science and other periodi- 
cals. 

Norton, Wilmaji K., marine-painter of 
Boston, b. Boston, 28 June, 1843. Alter leav- 
ing: school, he Nyts clerk lo a Southern p;ickel- 
line ; at I •> was appn-nticeil to a house, sijjn. and 
fre.sc • (rtiinter ; and helped to form the " Life 
St-hool." conip<.>sc<l of the older members of 
the Lowell Institute ; went lo sea at 18, study- 
ing his art at intervals, and at the a;;e of 22 
br^an a successful prof, career, making another 
8Ca-vo\aj^ lor study the followini; summer. 
Amoii;; his works' are "The Fofj-Hom," 
"Th.- Funeral-Fleet ■■ (Geo. Tcalaxly), " The 
Fi»hin;^Fleet," " GooJ-By," and " Kunnin;; 
Free." 

Notm&n, Joiix, architi'ct. b. Edinbunjh, 
Scot. and, 22 Julv, 1810; d. Phila. .H .Mar. 
186^. In 1831 lie s<-tt:ed in I'hila. Ho l.iid 
out iind einliellishcd L;iut\d-hdl Cemetery. 
Amou:: liis chiel works are St. Mark's Church 
in UHMi<t St., the fa adc of the K.C. Caihe- 
dr.il on Lo^un Square, and the Church of the 



Holy Trinity, near Walnnt and I9th Street.", 
Phifa., of wVich the noble doorway is especial- 
ly admiR-d. — TtiOimis. 

Nott, ABRAitAM, jnd;^ and politician, h. 
Savbrook, Ci , 1767; d. I- airfield, S.C, June 
19," 1830. Y.C. 1787. He studied for the 
ministry, but did not take orders. Ak 1 788 he 
taii:,'ht in Ga a year ; siudiitl law in Camden, 
S.C; was adm'. lo the bar in 17'.M ; in. in 
1794, and settled on a plantation on the Paco- 
Ict Kiver, but eontinuiil the practice of his 
profession, llewasa Kenlerali-t M.C. ill 1799- 
1801 ; pnicti.><'d law with eminent suivess in 
Columliin, S.C, from 1804 lo 1810, when he 
wa> elided a judj^e of the Court of Ap]>eals. 

Nott, EDW.HID, ;;ov. of Va. fnim 1703 to 
his d., 23 Aug. 1706. a. 49, iit \Villianisl.ur„'.Va. 

Nott, Elipiivlkt, D.D. (XJ. C<»il. 1805), 
I.L.D. (B.f. l.<28), diiine and eiliieator, b. 
Ashford. Ct, June 25, 1773; d. Sehernvtady, 
X.Y., Jan. 2'J. 1866 B.U. 1795. Uisin'g 
both pari'nts while a boy, he lived with his 
bro., the Kev. Samuel Xoit, at Franklin, Ct., 
where he taui;lit s>Iio<jI in the winter. Li- 
ceiisi-d to pnach in 1795, he laUirol during 
the first year of his ministry at Cherry Valley, 
in the double relation of pastor, and principal 
of the acitd. From 1798 to 1804 lie was pas- 
tor of a Presb. church at AlUiny, and in 1804 
w.as clei'I.d 1>I\'S. of Union Coll.; alter which 
perioil his history was identilicd with ih.-.t of 
the insiituiion. \Vliile at AlUiny, heac(|uireJ 
popularity as a pn'acher ; and amoii;.' his mo-t 
successful pulpit-efforts was a sermon on the 
death of H.iiuilton. In 1854 the semicen- 
tennial anniversary of his pivsideiicy w:is ie!e- 
bniieil, when between 6(K) and '00 of those 
who had grsuluated under him came to^.'ether 
to do him honor. Dr. Xott, by his experi- 
ments in heat, and the improvements he intro- 
duced in stoves, elTccted an cniire chan;^; in 
the mode of warinin,; buildings. His publica- 
tions consist principally of sermons and ad- 
div.-ses. delivered in the middle periinl of life, 
when his reputation as a pulpii-orator was at 
its hei;;ht. He was an earnest ailvocatc of 
the tein|)crance cause, and pub. " Lectures on 
Tein|>erance," 1847. He also pub. " Counsels 
to Yi>un^' Men," mistvllaneous works, 8vo, 
1810. 

Nott, Hevrv Jisifs, scholar and author, 
son of Ji!<lj^' Abraliain, b. on th.' Pacolet River, 
Union Dist., S.C, Xov. 4, 1797 ; drown.J otT 
the coa-t of X.C t>ct. 13, 1837. S.C. Coll. 
1812. On his rituru from a brief rlsi; to Kn- 
r«|ie in 1818, he was a>lm to the bar, luiJ lo- 
came law-partnor with D. .1. Maccord, with 
wliom ho inlited 2 vols, of R ports of Ca-os in 
th- Consiitntional Court in 1818, '19, and '20. 
Sailing ar.un to Eiiropi- in 1821 for his health, 
while alsent was <-Kvt <! to the chair of criti- 
cism, lo-^c, and the plii'.os. of lan„'uag<, in the 
S C Coil I Ion.- he ivinjined 13 year ; at the 
same time King a .oniriK to the S >al<rni Hr- 
r/. u: llo made a eoll.-ciion of his " Xovellottes 
of a Trnvller," 2 vols X Y. 1834, chicflT 
humorous ; and loft n. arly completed, at his 
doath, an historical romanc-e. In 1837 he 
visited Xew York ; took |i,is.»aj;:e thonci- in the 
sioamer " Iloir.e," and, \»nth his wife, perished 
in its wreck. 



JJ-QT 



665 



NOY 



Nott, JosiAn Clark, ethnologist, bro. of 
H. J., h. Columbia, S.C, Mar. 31, 1804. S.C. 
Coll. 1824. lie took tho degree of M D. at 
Phila. in 1 8i7 ; rcmainwl therp, two yars as 
di-moiit'trator of anatomy to Dr. Physick ; Ti> 
turned to Cohiinbia, and comnienccd practice; 
the yeaii lt<3j-t> ho spent in Euroj)e in the 
study of mi<licine and nat. hist., since praetis- 
ing nieJicinc in Moljile, Ala., except during 
the winter of 1857, when prof of anatomy at 
the U of La. Besides many articles in the 
medical jonm.ils, he has produced several eth- 
nological won.s ; among these are two lec- 
tures on "The Connection between the Biblical 
and PJivsical History of Man," 8vo, X Y. 
1849; ""Tlie Physical History of the .Jcwi.sh 
Race," Cliarleston, 1850; "Types of Man- 
kind," 4ro, Phila. 1854; and "Indigenous 
R,iccs of the Karth," Phila. 1857. The last 
two were [ircpared vnth the aid of Mr Goorgo 
R. Gliddon ile established in Jlo'iilc a ni' d. 
coll., whieh the legisl. of Ala. endowed with 
S50,000, and made a branch of the State uni- 
versiiv. Since 1868, has resided in X.Y. City. 

Nott, S.VMI.-EI,, D.D. (Y.C. 1825), clergy- 
man, hro. of Rev. Eiiphalct, b. Sayljrook, Ct., 
Jan. 23, 1754; d. Franklin, Ct., May 26, 1852. 
Y.C. 1780. Mar. 18, 1782, he was chosen pas- 
tor of the church in Franklin, Ct., and sjient 
in that office the remainder of his Ion;:-pro- 
tracted life. He was lon;j reganled as the pa- 
triarch of the clergy of N.E., and was also 
prominent as an instructor. Dr. Nott's publi- 
cations included two sennons, one deliver 'd on 
the 50:h anniversary of his ordination, and the 
other on the 60th. Although thus outliving 
his generation, he was feeijle and sickly when 
young. 

Nott, Samuel, son of the preceding, last 
survivor of the first band of missionaries sent 
out by the American Board to India in 1812, 
b. Franklin, Ct., 1788; d. Hartford, Ct., June 
1, 1869. Un. Coll. 1808; And. Thcol. Sem. 
1810. Ord. Feb. 6, 1812. On his return ho 
was from 1816 to 1H22 a teacher in New Y'ori<; 
preached in ( ialwav, N. Y.,from 1 823 to 1829, and 
in VVareham, Ms.^from ls29 to 1S49; he then 
taught school in Wareham until 1850. Author 
of " Slavery and the Remedy," &c., 8vo, 1856, 
rcWcwcd in the X.Y. Tribune, , Jan. 22, 1856; 
" Sixteen Y'ears' Preacliing and Procedure at 
Wareham, Ms.," 8vo, 1845. 

Nourse, Ja.mes D., journalist and author, 
b. Bard-town, Ky., 1816; d. St. Louis, 1854. 
At diiierent limes ho edited 3 newspafiers at 
Bard^town, and afterwards the Iidil'iijrn'er at 
St. Louis. Author of the " Philosophy of 
History ;"" The Forest Knight," a novel, 
I'hila., ab. 1846; "Leavenworth, a Stijry of 
the Missis-ippi anu the Prairies ; " " The Pa.st, 
and its Legacii-s to Amer. Society," 12mo, 

Nonrse, Joseph, register of the U.S. 
<rea.-!ury from 1789 to ls29, a vico-pres. of the 
Amer. Bible Society, b. Lond. 1754; d. near 
Georgetown, D.C., Sept. 1, 1841. He eniig. 
with hig family to Va. in 1769; entered the 
Revol. army in 1 776 as sec. to Gen. Ch. Lee ; 
waa chrk and auditor of the board of war from 
1777 until app. assist, auditor-gen. Sept. 19, 
1781. 



Nowell, Inxhease, secretary of M.". 1636- 
49 ; d. Nov. 1, 1655. Cho-en an a-.sist. in 1629, 
he came to N.E. with Winthrop in 1630, and 
was ruling cider from Aug. 27, 1 630, to 1 632 ; a 
founder of the church in Charhstown, 16.32; 
and in 1634 conimiss. for military aH'airs. 
Samuel his son (preacher, chaplain at Gen. 
Winslow's Indian battle, Dec. 19, lG74;an 
assist. IG80-6 ; tnas. of H.U.), b. Cliarb'stown, 
Ms., Nov. 12, 1634, d. Lond. Sept. 1688. U. 
U. 1653. He was a supfwrter of the old char- 
ter, and went to Eng. on its behalf in 16'<8. 

Noyes, Eli, D.D. (Ham. Coll. 1851), 
scholar and missionary, b. .Icll'erson, Me., Apr. 
27, 1814; d. Lafayette, Ind., Sept. 10, 1854. 
Self-educat'd. lb: commenced preaching in 
1834 ; and Sent. 22, 1835, accomp. by his wife, 
sailed for Calcutta. At Orissa, where he was 
locateel, he had vv-ry gratifying success both as 
.an cvangeli-t and a school-teacher, a'so becom- 
ing a skilful lin ,-uist, and pulj. a II brew Gram- 
mar and R' ader. He returned home with 
impairtKl health in 1841; was (or lour or five 
years a pastor in Boston ; and edited lor 10 
years the Morninf/ Star, the Freewill Bai)tist 
organ ; ho also deliveri'd and pub. in 1853 
" L"cturcs on tin' Truths of the Bible." 

Noyes, Gicorge Kapall, D.D. (H.U. 
1839), divine, b. Xewburnjort, Ms., Mur. 6, 
1 798 ; d. Cambridge, lLs.,"jiine .3, 1 808. H.U. 
181X. He s:udied at the Divinity Sciiool, Cam- 
bridge; was licensed to preach in 1822; was 
tutor in H.U. in 1825-7; was then ord. pastor 
of a church in Brookfield, Ms. ; and afterwards 
became pastor' of a church at Petersham, Ms. 
Hancock prof, of Hebrew and oth r (Iriental 
languages, and Dexter lecturer on biblical lit- 
erature at [LU. 1840-68. He pub. new trans- 
lations of the Book of Job, 1S27 ; the Psalms; 
the Prophets, 3 vols. 12mo ; and Proverbs, 
Ecelesiastes, and Canticles, 1846; also several 
occasional sermons, and num' rou; articles in 
the Christian Exnaiiner ; edited a series of thcol. 
essays from various authors, and prepared a 
Hebrew Reader. His translation of the N. 
Testament was complete, and passing through 
the press, at the time of his death. 

Noyes, James, minister of Newbury, Ms., 
from 1635 to liis d., Oct. 22, 1656, b. Wiltshire, 
Eng., 1608. Ilcstudied at Oxford U.; preachcda 
while ; came to N.E. in May, 1 634, and [ireached 
a year at Mystic, now M -dtbrd. Author of 
"'rhe Temple Measured," Lond. 4lo, 1647; a 
Catechism, rejirinted in 1797; "Moses and 
Aaron," 1661. 

Noyes, James, first minister of Stoning- 
toii, Ci., from Sept. 10, 1674, to his d. Dec. 30, 
1719, b. New:.ury, Mar. 11, 1640. H.U. 1659. 
Son of Kev. James of Newbury. He bci'an to 
preach at S. in 10G4. He was one of the first 
trustees of Yale Coll. ; was n councillor in civil 
affairs in critical periods, and had a large prac- 
tice ns n physician. 

Noye8,'JAMES 0.,M.D., b. Owa-co. N.Y., 
1829. Formerly surgeon in the Ottoman 
army, since prop, and assoc. editor of the Knick- 
erliorkpr Mag., and conliil). lo others. Auiboi 
of " Roumania," 1857; "The Gypsies, their 
History," &e., MfiB.—AHilmne. 

Noyes, Josiah, M.D. (D.C. I806), phy. 
siciuu aud medical professor, b. N.U.; d. Clin- 



6G6 



OAK 



ton, N.T., Nov. 1, 1853. Doriin. ClI. 1801. 
Two years tutor in D.C, nlttr wliicli he wag 
prof, of cheiiiisiry and pliarinary in FHirtield 
Coll.; and in 1812, on the or^'aniziiiion of 
Ham. Cull , X.y., ho was inviicl lo till its 
chair of cht.nii>try and natural siicncc, whiih 
he icsi^ni'd in 1830. He wn.s the life-lonj; IrienU 
of Mr. Webster; ami. at the request of iho 
literary cxeeutors of that eminent statesman, 
ho wrote reminiscences of his tollejie-lifc. 

Noyes, Nicholas, ministcrof ^ialeln,M8., 
from Nov. U, 1083, to his il. Dec. 13, 1717, l>. 
Newlmry. Dec. 22, 1647. IIU. 1667. Nephew 
of Hev. James of Newhury. He preuelied 13 
years at llail.lam after j;radnatin<{. He was a 
promoter of the witelicruft persecution, after- 
ward puhlicly contessinj; his error. A letter 
of his. with an account of James Noyes, is in 
Mather's " Magnalia." He pub. a poem on 
the death of Joseph Green of Salem 1715. 

Noyes, William Cdrtis, LL.I). (Ham." 
Coll. 18Jti), lawyer, b. Schodack, NY., Au-'. 
19, 1805 ; d. N.Y. City, Uw. 25, 1864. Adm. 
to the bar in 1827, he );ained a hi-h reputation 
in Onciila Co., and, removing to N.Y. City in 
1838, held hijjh rank in his profession. Uele- 
pite to the Peace Convention in Feb. 1861. Ho 
was many years an almoner of the N. Enj;. Sue. 
and was chosen pres. the day before his death. 
He prepared a codification oV the laws of N.Y. 
lor publication. His law-library, valued at 
$60,000, he iKqucatliid to Ham. fcolle;;e. 

Nugent, tSiB GBonui;, an English field- 
marshal, b. June 10, 1757; d. Mar. II, 1849. 
Educated at the Hoy. Acad, at Woolwich. He 
joined the 7th Regt. as licnt. in Sept. 1777, in 
N.Y., and was present at the storming of Forts 
Mont;;oniery and Clinton ; was app. a capt. in 
the 57th in Apr. 1778, and did dntv with it in 
the Jerseys and Ct. until May, 1782, when he 
became major ; he served under the Duke of 
York in Flanders; served as niaj.-gen. in 
Ireland during the rebellion ; was created a 
baronet in IS06; and in 1811 was com. -in-chief 
in India. Hem., Nov. 15, 1797, Maria, dau. of 
Cortland Skinner, atty.-gen., and speaker of 
the N.,1. Assembly, and attained the rank 
of field-mar.'-hal in'l846. His bro., Adm. Sir 
CllARLES Edjioxd (1759-1844), served as a 
lieut. and e.ipt. in the U.N. during the Amer. 
war, at Fort .Moultrie, at N.Y., and R.I. ; lull 
adm. 1 8(18. 

Nuilez, Alvab (Cabkca 1)e VACA),tlie 
earliest and most remarkable explorer of N. A. ; 
d. 1 .564. With Nunez as chief utlicer, Pamphilo 
de Narvaez sailed for Florida from San Lucar 
de Bari-amoda, with 5 ships ami 600 men, July 
17, 1527; landing on its const Apr. 12, 1528. 
Directing the llotilla to follow the coast west- 
ward lo a cenaiu haven, and there await his 
coming, Narvaez, accompanied by Nnuiz, en- 
tered the interior. They lound 'the Indians 
hostile ; a country (Assessing few attractions ; 
saffercd mu, h from sickness ; were disappointed 
in their c;:|iceiaiic>n of liudinggold ; and reached 
the coast, sick and disheartened, only lo find no 
fleet there ; the officer in eliargu of the ships 
having saileil for Havana without making any 
effort to reach the place of rendezvous, leaving 
the gov. and his companions to their fate. 
The party, reduced to 242 men, embarked, 



Sept. 20, in 5 boats of their own construction, 
which were so crowileil, that they were managed 
with the greatest ditliculty. Ahermuch sntl'er- 
ing from hunger and. thirst, from attacks bj 
the Indians, from violent tem|>ests and sevi ro 
cold, they, late in Oct , reached the month of a 
large river (su|.|K)«e.l to be the Mi,i.), and 
landed on an island. Continuing their voy- 
age, a violent storm drove ihoin out to sea, 
wrecking the boat containing Xuflez on a small 
island, from whirh the survivors reached the 
mainland. The re^l of their companions were 
never altorwards heard of. After extraordinary 
hardships, in which they were driven to such 
straits that they lived upon one another, they 
reached a mountainous country believed lo have 
been New Mexico. They met with bulfalo ; 
and, finding an epidemic among the Indians, 
were remarkably successful in curing them, 
gaining thereby a great iiilliienee over iho 
natives, who imagined them to be from ihc sun. 
Taking advantage of this, they endeavored 
to instil into their minds the doctrines of Chris- 
tianity. After 8 months among the Indians 
ol New Mexico, NuBez journeyed westward and 
southward until 1536, when, with 3 survivors, 
he reached the Spanish settlements in Culiucan, 
on the sliores of the Pucilic. An abridgment 
of C.ibeca de Vacu's " N.irrative " may be 
found in Hakluyt's " Voyages," and a French 
vcr-ion in the collection of voyages pub. in 
Paris by Ternaux Compans ; Lut the lulicst 
and best isa trunslaiion by Buckingham Smith, 
sec. of the U.S. legation' in Spain (privately 
printed), folio. Washington, 1851. 

Nuttall, Db. Thomas, naturalist. I>. York- 
shire, Kng., 178C; d. St. Helen's, L:inen-liire, 
Eiig., Sept. 10, I85D. Brought up a print..T. 
He came to the U.S. in early life; devoted his 
leisure to the study of Iwlanv and geology. 
Travelled extensiveiy in nearly all the Sia'tcs 
of the Union ; explored the Ij'reat Lakes and 
up|)er branch's of the Mpi., and in 1810 as- 
cendvil the Mo. as f.ir as the .Muid.in viliagis. 
In 1819 he explored the Ark. River and the 
neighboring regions, and pub. an arcount of 
his travels, enlitleil " A Journal of Travels into 
the Arkansas Territory," Phila. 1821. He pub. 
'■ The Genera of North- American Plants," 1 849 ; 
and the " Birils of the US.," 1834 ; " N. Amer. 
Sylva," 3 vols. 8vo, 1842; and was prof, of 
botany and nat. hisu in H.U. in 1822-34. He 
travelli-d in California, and pub. several papers 
on the shells and jilants of that region. IIo 
returned to Kng. to enjoy an csiatc devised 
to him on condition that ho should reside 
U|»>n It. 

Oakes, James, col. and brev. biig.-gcn. 
U S.A., b. Pa. West Point, 1846. Entering 
the 2d Drags., ho served ihrout:h the Mcx. 
war; was brcv. 1st lieul. 25 .Mar. 1847, for 
Mcdellin. and capt. 8 Sept. lt^47. for Molino 
del Rcy ; scvendy woundol bv Comaneho In- 
dians, 12 Aug. 18.">0; capt. 3 Mar. 1855 ; maj. 
6 Apr. 1861 ; lieut.-col. 4ili cav. 12 Nov. 1801 ; 
rol. 6th, 31 July, 1866. During the Rek-llion 
he was engaged at the battles of ShiUdi and 
Corinth, anil was brev. brig.-gvn. 30 Mar. 
1865. — 0.;/./;«. 

Oakes, Thomas, physician, bro. of Urian, 
b. Cambridgi, Ms., Juno 18, 1644; d. Wull- 



OAK 



667 



oca 



fleet, July 15. 1719. RU. 1662. IIo was emi- 
nent as a physician, and, on tirit visiting; ii pa- 
tient, " piTsuailes him to put his trust in God, 
the fountain of health." An assist, in 1690; 
a reprtsientative in I6S9, and sp«ikir of the 
hou-c; coiincil!or; and, as agent for JIs., went 
to Enij.,and aided in framing the ne.v charter. 

Oakes, Ukiax, pr s. of ifarv. Coll. (7 Apr. 
1075, tj his d.), b. En-. 1631 ; d. Cam!.riJ-o, 
July :;"., 1G:-1. 11.U. 1G49. He came to Amer. 
i.i 1631, and, while very young, pub. at Cam- 
brid:;e a set of astronomical calculations. He 
seiUed in tlu- mini-try at Titclificid, E:i','., but 
was silenc d for noneonlbrniiiy in 16jJ ; and 
afterwards preached to anorh -r eoncreu'ation. 
Hi3 learniu',' and piety ^caused him to lie invited 
to ta!.e cliar;;e of the ehurch at Cambridge, Ms., 
where he eummeiicid his labors Xov. 8, 1671. 
Formal. y in-tailed pros. Eeb. 2, 16S0. 

Oakley, Taoji.vs J.ickson, LL.D. (Un. 
Coll. 1S33), jurist, b. Dutchess Co., X.Y., 17S3; 
d. X.Y. Ci;y, May 12, 1S57. Y.C. 1801. lie 
studied law, and practised at Poughk' epsie, 
N.Y. In ISIO he w.is app. sun-oiiate of Duteh- 
essCo.; M.C. 1313-15 and 1827-9; in 1815 
member of the X.Y..iVsscmbly; in 1819 he suc- 
ceeded Van Bureu as atty.-gen. of the State ; 
ill 1820 he served again in the Assemhly. 
When the Superior Court of X.Y. Ciiy was 
organized in 1S2!*, he wr.s app. an a,-soc. judge, 
and, upon its re-oruanization in 1S46, eliicf 
ju-tiee. 

O'Beirne, TnoM.iS Lewi.s, D.B., cleru:y- 
man, b. Longtbrd Co., Ireland, 1748 ; d. 15 Feb. 
1823. Though cdueateii at St. Onu-r's, he took 
orders i.i the Pr.-Ep. Chnreh, and was chaplain 
of Lord Howe's fleet in the Amer. war. Alter 
the gr.at lire at Xew York in 1776, he preached 
in St. Paul's, the only Episc. chnreh saved from 
tlij flauies. Private" see. of the Diike of Port- 
laud, lord-lieut. of Ireland, 17S2, trom whom 
h/ r oeived in 17.3 two valuable livings in 
NoriUinub.rland and Cumberland ; chaplain to 
Earl Fitzwilliam, and made bishop of 0.ssory; 
he was in 1793 tianslat 'd to the see of Meath. 
Author of a " Vindication" of the conduct of 
his patron<, the bros. Howe, and other political 
tracts, and a poem entitled "The Crucitixiou," 
1776. 

Obookiah, Hexrv, b. Hawaii, 1792; d. 
Cornwall, Ct., Feb. 17, 1818. He was brought 
to N. Haven in 1 809, and educated for the min- 
istry. He had translated Genesi- into his na- 
tive tongue. His Memoirs were ])uli. 1818. 

O'Brien, Fitzjames, a brilliant writer, 
and a jioet of merit, b. Ireland, 1829 ; d. in Va. 
April 6, 1862. He came to this country about 
ISJO. In April, 1861, he entered the N.Y. 7th 
Uegt., and in Jan. 1S62 took an a])]), on the 
start' of Gen. Lander, and, during the shoi-t term 
of Uis service, w:ls disting. for courage and dar- 
ing. Wounded in a skirmish Feb. 16, he died 
from tetanus following a severe surgical opera- 
tion. Contrib. to the Allntitk Moiil/Ji/. 

O'Brien, Capt. Jeremiah, Revol. jmtriot; 
d. Ma<hia-, .Me., Oct. 5, 1818, a. 78. One of 5 
sons of Maurice, a native of Cork. May II, 
1775, on hearing of the battle of Lexington, 
these bros., with a few vols., captnrcd the Brit^ 
ish armed schooner " Margaretta " in Macliiiis 
Bay. Jeremiah was the leader in this brilliant 



exploit, — the Jtrst bloiv stniclv on the water 
atU-r the war began. He soon after eapttircd 
two small Eng. cniisere, and carried their cap- 
tive crews prisoners to the Prov. Congress in 
Watertown, who commissioned him capt. in the 
State navy. He com. "The Liberty" (the 
schooner with which his first capture was made), 
his bro. William seiring as his first lieut. ; and 
ci-uiscd suceesslully two years. He then fitted 
out " The Hannibal," a 20-gun Ictter-of-marque, 
and took several prizes, but was captured ; was 
6 months in " The Jei-sey," prison-ship ; and 
after a year's confinement in Mill Prison, Eng., 
escaped, and retired to Brunswick, Me. He 
was at the time of his death coll. of the customs 
at Macliias. His bro. John was a successful 
com. of privateers in the Revolution. 

O'Brien, John P. J., brev. m.njor U.S.A., 
b. Phila. ab. 1817 ; d. ludiauola, Texas, Mar. 
31,1830. West Point, 1836. He sened with 
honor in the Florida war ; dLsting. himself in 
the command of his battery at the battle of 
Buena Vista, where, by losing his cannon, he 
saved the battle; was brev. maj., and wounded; 
capt. 16 May, 1849. Author of a treatise on 
" Courts-Martial," 1846. 

O'Brien, Richakd, seaman ; d. Washing- 
ton City, Feb 14, 1824, a 72. In youth he fol- 
lowed the sea; and in 1781, when Arnold in- 
vaded Va., he was 1st lieut. of the State brig 
" Jeftcr.son ; " consul-gen. to Algiers (where he 
had previously been held in slavery) 1 797-1802. 
He was 19 years on the Algerine cor.st, and 
afterward a negotiator in Com. Preble's fleet 
in the attacks on Tripoli. He subsequently 
resided at Carlisle, Pa., and was a member of 
the legislature. 

O'CaUaghan, EoMiyD B., M.D., LL.!)., 
author, b. Ireland, was at one time a promi- 
nent nieinber of the Provincial Parliament, and 
editor of the 1 'indirator, the national organ at 
Montreal. He was active in the agitation of 
1837, since when he has been a resident of N.Y.^ 
and has rendered valuable senice in editing 
.the historical documents of the State. He has 
been some years in the office of the sec. of state. 
He has pub. " Historv of New Netherlands," 
1846-8; "Jesuit Relations," 1847; "Docu- 
mentary History of N.Y.," 4 vols. 4to, 1849-51 ; 
"Documents relating to the Colonial History 
of N.Y.," 11 vols. 1855-61; "Remonstrance 
of New Netherland," 1856; " Commissaiy 
Wilson's Orderly-Book," 1857; "Orderly- 
Book of Gen. John Burgojiie," 1860; "Names 
of Pers-jus for whom Mamage-Licenscs were 
issued previous to 1784," 1860; " Joumiils of 
the L egisl. Councils of N. Y.," 2 vols. 8vo ; 
" Origin of the Lcgisl. Assemblies of the State 
of N.Y.," 4to, 1861 ; Woollev's "Two Years' 
Journal in J.'ew York," 4to,'l860; "The Re- 
gister of New Netherland," 1626-74, 8vo, 1865; 
" Calend.ar to the Laud Papers," 8vo, 1864 ; 
"Calendar of Hist. MSS. in the Office of the 
Sec. of State," 4to, 1865; "Voyage of George 
Clarke to America," with Introd. and Notes, 
1867 ; " Voyages of the Slavers St. John and 
Anns," 1867 ; "Journal of the Voyage of the 
Sloop Mary from Quebeck," &c., 1866. — 
Viii/rhinck, 

Occum, Rev. SA'sipsoN.an Indian preach- 
er, b. Mohegan, N. Lond. Co., Ct., ab. 1723; 



668 



OG-D 



d. Xcw Stockliridsre, N.Y.. Julv 14, 1 792. Old. 
29 Aiigr. 1759. He w;i8 tlip lir^t Indian pnpil 
educated by Rov. i[r. Whwlock, in whoso 
fnniilv at Lebanon hv conlinu li 4 vi^ars. In 
1748lio kept a se'iool in N. U>nilon.'unil aftei-- 
wanl officiated aa t.achcrol'ihc Imliun trib-at 
Montaiik, L.I. ; was sulis.'iincntivcniplovwlon 
several n)i:^>ion3 to vnrions tril>es of Indians ; 
and proacliod "to j:ood aceptance in N. York, 
Boston, and other jiopulous places." His in- 
fluence ainons; tlie Indians was ("or a Ion-; linje 
i;i\'aU In 1706 licacconip. Kev. Mr. Wliittaker 
to Enir. lor the purpose ol solieitinu- aid lor Dr. 
Wheeloek's Indian school at L<-banon, wliere 
he was successful in attractin'j larjc audiences 
and obtainin,; donations. The last few vears 
of hi-- life were nasscd with the Indians at'Xcw 
Stocklirid^, He wrote an account of the Mon- 
tauk Indian.s, mib. in tlic " Ms. Hist. Soc. 
Colls. ; " ami mib. a sermon on the execuliou of 
an Indian in S'ew Haven in 1772. — Sjinit/ur. 

Ochterlony, .'^m David, hart., a British 
■.-en.. U. lio>tou. Keh. 12. 175S; d. Mei-rat. In- 
dia, Jnl\- 1 J, lS2o. Eldest son of David, a 
lovalist of Boston ; his ])ntenial tm'at-j;rand- 
fatlier, Alexander, was laii-d of Piiforihv, in 
the Co. of An^'us. Haviu;;; completed his' edu- 
cation, he was at the asrc of 18 sent to India 
as a cadet; became a lieut. in 1778; in 1S03 
he was lieut.-ciil. ; and dep. ndj.-i.'cu. at the 
iircat battle of Delhi, iuimedialclv after which 
he was envoy at the court of Shah Alum ; 
col. Jan. 1. 1812; maj.-j.'cn. .June 4. 1814; and, 
for his skilful conduct in the Xepaulese war, 
was created a knt. com. of the Bath in Apr., 
anil in Nov. 1815 was made a hart. He subset 
queuily distin<:. himself in the great Mahratta 
and I'indarry war of 1817-18, and performed 
various other im|>ortaut services. 

O'Conor, Cii.iRLKS, a (iromincnt N.Y. 
lawyer, h. X.V. City, 181)4. His lather, a man 
of eiliieaiion and of frood familv, came from 
Ireland to N,Y. early in this centnrv. Chas. 
lost his mother in I8'l6; received on'lv a com- 
mon-school edncation ; and in 1824 was adm.« 
to the bar of N.Y., at which he has loii',' licl.l 
the Hrst place. He has never held office, ex- 
cepting that of dist.-atty. for 15 months at ihc 
request of Pi-es. Pierce,' and as a nicmlwr of 
the Const. Conv. of 1864. Besides the famous 
Forrest divorce-case (1851), his greatest cases 
arc the Lispcnard will^ase (I84.i), the John 
• Mason will-case (185.1). the Parish will-case 
(1862), the Lemmon slave case (1856), and 
the case of the slave Jack in 1835. — Stars's 
Xnt. <lmrl. /,', ,/. ir. vol. xi. 

Odenheimer, Wii.liasi Henry, D.D. 
b. Pliila. All- 11.1817. U. of Pa. 1835; 
Gen. Theol. Seui. (I'r.-Ep. Ch.), N.Y., 18.38. 
Ord. deacon 18.18, priest 1841; consec. bish- 
op of N. J. O.t. 13. 1859 ; made rector of St. 
Peter's. Pliila.. 1840. Author of " The Drisin 
of the Prayer-lk>ok." 1841 ; " Devout Church- 
man's Ciimpaiii.Mi." 1841 ; " The True C;iiho- 
lic no Komanist." 1842; "Thoughts on Im- 
mersion." 184.1; "Youiii: Churchman Caie- 
chised." 1844; " Kingelhurgius on Studv. Bp. 
White's Dpinioiis," 1846 ; cssav on " Canon 
Law," 1847; "Clergyman's .\ssis't.," 1847; "The 
Private Prayer-Hoiik," 1851 ; "Jerusalem and 
Vicinity," 1855, the result of a visit in 1853. 



Odin. Jons Mart, D.D., H.C. anhbishop 
of .\. Orleans, b. Ambii;re, Dept. of the Loire, 
Krani-c; d. N. Orleans, 25 May, 1870. Join- 
ing the Lazariscs, he was scut as a missionary 
to .Mo. Consec. bishop of Claudio|iolis, and 
vicar a|x)*t. of Texas, .Mnr. 6, 1842; trans- 
fern-d to Galveston 1847, and to X. Orleans in 
1861. 

Odiorne, Thomas, h. E.xeler. X.H., Apr 
26, 1769; d. Maiden, Ms., .Mav IS 1851 
Dartm. Coll. 1791. Bookseller' in Exeter 
till ISltO; then in the drv-goods trade in Boston, 
removing ab. 1811 to 'Maiden, wherx; ho was 
an iron maiiiff. He pub " The Prognss of 
Kelinemeni," a poem ; " Fame and Miscella- 
nies." I8nu., 1792. — /A C.Ahimni. 

Oexmelin, -Vi.exa.ndeb Oliver, a trav- 
eller, who was probably a Fleming. In Julv, 
1666, he was at Tortola. in Amcr!, in the ser- 
vice of the W.I. Co., where he was sold to a 
lilunler for 30 crowns. Aflcr3 years' serviiudo, 
he joineii some freebooters, and remained wiih 
tliem till 1674, when he embraced an oppor- 
tunity to return to Europe, thanking God, as 
he says, that he had been enabled to ivliiiqiiish 
such a miserable kind of life. He afterwards 
made 3 other voyages to Amer., with the 
Duich and with the Spaniards; and was at 
the taking of Carthagena in 1097. His ac- 
count of his adventures was pub. in French at 
Paris m 1686, 2 vols. 12mo; at Trevoux 1746 
and 1775, 4 vols. 12mo. . From some puss;igcs 
ill his narrative, it seems probable that be exer- 
cised the profe»^ion of a surgeon. — Bioc. 

Univ. 

O'Fallon. Col. John, a prominent citizen 
of St. Louis, b. Louisville, Ky., 23 Nov. 1791. 
Son of Dr jJames (who cmig" to Wilmington, 
X.C., in 1774, and served in the Kevol. army) 
by a sister of Gen. Geo. Roger* Clark. John 
servcil with distinction under Harrison in the 
war of 1812 ; was severely wounded at Tippe- 
canoe; nfterwanls a.quired gix-at wealth as a 
meivhant, and distributed it fiwlv in iH-ncvoleut 
anil^ educational enterprises, ife endowed ilio 
O'Fallon Polvleehnie Inst, with property worth 
SIOO.OOO; gaveliherally to Wash. Cuiv'. ; built 
the Dispensjiry and .Med. Coll. ; and has given 
over a million dollars to advance the cause of 
edueaiion. and to relieve snliering liumanitv. 

Ogden, Aaron, LL.D., soldier and suites- 
man, b. Eliuibethtown, X. J., Dec. 3. 1756 ; d. 
Jersey City, Apr. 19, 1839. X.J. Coll. 1773. 
While a teacher in his native place, in the win- 
ter of 1 77.V-6. he assisted in oapiuring, off 
Sandv lUiok, a vessel laden with munitions for 
the British army at Boston. App. eapt. in 
the first X.J. UcL't. com. by his bro. M.iithias 
early in 1777. he was engagi'd at Bnndvwine; 
was brigade muj. in Lee's corps at Mon'moiiih, 
acting also as assist. aide-<le-cainp to Lord 
Stir ing. While reconnoitring near Bergen 
in the winter of 1778-9. he came unexpcetolly 
upon a \y.n\\ of the enemy, from whom he es- 
caiKsl wiih a severe liayonct-wound. He was 
aide to Gen. Maxwell' in Sullivan's ex|>cd. 
aipiinsi the Indians in 1779, and at the baiilo 
of Spriuiifield in 1780 ; he was with Lafayette 
in the Va. campaign of 1781, and at Yorkiown 
gallantly led his light inf to the storm of a re- 
doubt, receiving the commendation of Wash- 



669 



OG-ti 



iiigtoii. After the ijcace ho practised law ; was 
apj). licut.-iol. lull InC. ami dep. qiiarterm.- 
};oii. Jan. 8, 1799; a coininiss. for seiiMn'.; the 
lionnd.irv iK'twecii N. J. and N.Y. ; U.S. sena- 
tor lS')l-y; and gov. of N.J. 1812-1.3. Dar- 
in;; the war of 1812 lie corn, the militia of 
N. J., and declined a conimis.<ion of niaj.-gen. 
tendereil by the Pres. At the lime of his death 
he wa.s pres. -gen. of the Cincinnati. 

Ogden, n.vviD, judge, b. Newark, N. J., 
1707; d. lineen's Co., LI., 1800. Y.C. 1728. 
He studii.-d law in New York, and practised in 
N. J., soon attaining the head of his profession. 
A;i]). jud^e of the Siiprcnie Court in 1772; 
retired to the city of New York on the break- 
injj-out of the war, wheiv he was a member of 
the board of refugees. He drew up the outlines 
of .1 plan for the govt, of the Colonies in the 
event of their submission to Great Britain. 
He withdrew to I'ing. in 1783, his [)ropert_v in 
N. J. having been contiscated, but returned to 
tlie U.S. ill 1790. lie had the reputation of 
being one of the " giants of the law " in N. J. 
OI'lii< sons, Abr.ih.vm. a disting. lawyer, was 
U.S. di-t.-atty. under Washington ; I.s.vac was 
man\- vcar.< jiul^c of the Court of King's Bench. 

0'gden,"l)AVii> B., LL.D. (Col. Cull. 18.i7), 
an eminent lawver, b. N.J. 17G9; d. N.Y., 
Jaly 1.'), 1849. He came to N.Y. in 1802, and 
practised chieflv in the U.S. Supreme Court. 

Ogden, Henry \V., cant. U.S.N., b. N.J. ; 
d. there Aug. 25, 1860. Midshipin. Sept. 1, 
1811 ; lieut. Mar. 5, 1817 ; com. Jan. 31, 1838; 
capt. Feb. 5, 1848. 

Ogden, J.\r<)n, Dhvsician, b. Newark, 
N.J.. 1721 ; d. Jamaii-a,' L.I., 1779. He w:ui 
of English iiarentago, received a clas.iicvl educa- 
tion at Yale, and, after studying racdiciiic, com- 
menced practice at Jamaica, L. I., where ho 
enjovcd extensive patrouai;e nearly 40 years. 
He "pub. in 1769 and 1774 lettei-s to Hugh 
Gaiue on " The Malignant Sore-throat Dis- 
temper. " Dr. Francis says ho was the first 
who in the U.S. availed himself of the free use 
of meri'iirials iu the treatment of inflammatory 
disea-cs. — TItarhcr. 

Ogden, John Cosins, b. N.J. ; d. Ches- 
tcridwn. Mi\., 1800. N. J. Coll. 1770. He re- 
sided ill \. Haveu in 1770-85 ; m. a dau. of 
Gen. Wooster; and in 1786-93 was rector of 
the l'r.-F,p. church, Portsm., N.ll. ; afterward 
subject to mental derangement. Author of 
" Excursion into Bethlehem and Na/.areih, 
Pa., iu 1799, with ft Hist, of the Moravians," 
Pliila. 1801); letters occasioned by a corresp. 
with Dr. .MacClintock, Masonic address, and 
sermons. 

Ogden, MvTTiii.is, soldier (bro. of Aaron) ; 
d. Klizabethtown, N.J., Mar. 31, 1791, a. 36. 
He joined the army at Cambridge ; took part in 
Amohl's expedition to Quebec, in which he 
was woiiniled ; and afterward commanded the 
1st N.J. Uegiment till the close of the war, 
wlien he was liivveltcd brigadier-general. 

Ogden, UzM.. D. D. (N.J. Coll. 1798), 
rector of Trinitv Church (1788-1805), b. New- 
ark, X.J., ab.'l744; d. there Nov. 4, 1822. 
Ord. Pr.-Ep. priest 21 Sept. 1773. Ho pub. a 
Masonic Sermon, 1784; "The Reward of 
Iniquity;" "Antidote to Deism," 1795. He 
become a Presbyterian in 1 805. — Sprague. 



Oge (o'-zhiV), ViN-cENT, a Creole of St. 
Domingo, b. ab. 17.50; executed 26 Feb. 1791. 
At the commencement of the French revol. he 
was eu!.':im'il in cuminerce at Cape FiMU.ais. 
Mercantile alf.iirs li.ning drawn liira to Paris, 
he was adm. into the Society of Friends of the 
Negroes, and, aided by .some of the most active 
members, warmly solicited the National Assem- 
bly in favor of his brethren. He headed an 
insurrection in Nov. 1790 at Grande Hiviiirc. 
The insurgents demanded freedom and jiolitical 
equality ; but their cause « as ere long disgnvced 
by crimes equally useless and atrocious. These 
however, were not attributable to Oge, but to 
his lieut. Cliavanncs. Obliged to give way to 
superior force, Uge, with a fijw followers, took 
refuge in the •Spanish territory, and, being given 
up to the French, was tried before the Sujierior 
Council at Capo Franeais, and condemned, 
with Chavannes, to \>i broken on the wheel. 

Ogilby, John, master of his Majesty's 
revels iu Ireland, b. Edinburgh, 1600; d. 16i'6. 
Pub. " America, being the most Accurate De- 
scription of the New World," &c., foiio, Lond. 
1671. He lived many years in London; pub. 
translations of Homer, Virgil, &c., with Hol- 
lar's Illustrations, and Atlases, with descriptions 
of dilferent countries. 

Ogilby, John D.; d. Paris, 1851. Col. 
Coll. 1829. Prof. lang. Uutg. Coll. 1832-40; 
rector of Columb. Coll. Grammar School 1829- 
30; aProt.-Ep. clergyman, and prof, of eecl. hist, 
in the Gen. Theol. Sera., N.Y., 1841-51. Author 
of " Argument against the Validity of Lay 
Baptism," 1842; "The Catholic Church iu 
England and America," 1844. 

Ogilvie, Jamks, scholar, b. of a noble 
Scotch family ab. 1760; d. Aberdeen, Sept. IS, 
1820. Emig. to America, he founded a classi- 
cal acad. at Richmond, Va., where he taught 
many pupils afterwards colcliratod, among them 
Gen. Seott and Hon. \V. S. Archer. Ho retired 
some years afterward to the backwoods of Ky., 
where, alone iu a log-ca!iin, he com])Osed a 
series of lectures, which were given with great 
applause in Va. and the Atlantic States. • His 
relative, the Earl of Findlater and Airy, dying 
without children, he roturued to Scotland, and 
claimed the title; but the habitual use of nar- 
cotics had nndormined his intellect, and the 
attempt failed. Soon after reaching Scotland, 
worn out in body and mind, he perished, proba- 
blv by his own hand. Author of " Philosophical 
Essavs," 1816, 8vo, Phila. 

Ogilvie, John, D.D. (Co!. Coll. 1770), 
minister in New York; d. there Nov. 26, 1774, 
a. 51. Y. C. 1749. Ho was some time n niii- 
sionary to the Indians on the Mohawk, but 
iircachcd mostly at Albany; and from 17C5 to 
his death was lussist. minister of Trinity Church, 
New York. Ih' l"ft 300 pounds to a charity- 
school, and other benefactions. 

Ogle, Bjix.i.vMiN, gov. Md. 1798-1801, b. 
Md. 1749; d. Annapolis, July 6, 1809. Be- 
fore the Kevol. he w;is a member of the Md. 
Council. 

Ogle, S.VMUEi.,gov. Md. 1737-t2and 1747; 
d. 1751. He had laevipusly held a command 
on the Irish Establishment. 

Oglesby, 1!ichaud James, gov. of III 
1865-9, b. Oldham Co., Ky., June 24, 1824 



670 



OXJ 



He stiidiiM Inw tC Sprin^licUl. Tl., nnil befpin 
nrjctico ut SiiUivnn, Nlimlton Co. Duriiiit the 
Sle.xk'iin wiir Ik- scrvixl as licut. ■itli III. VoLt. 
In llio spring of IS49 hf joiiuil iin ovorlniul 
c-Min|iiinv on their wi>y to I'jilifoniiii, wliere lie 
renininoti two years, when he retuniiil to i)wa- 
tiir, III., anil resuincti pniclu'e: in l'«00 lie was 
ehosiMi State senator. Maile eol. Stii III. Vols. 
in IStil, he KM a liiHjjaile at the eaptuiv of Kort 
Uonel*)n : ami was made biiir.-gvii. vols. Mar. 
21, IS6i, for his irallantry in that en;;fl^'nient. 
He was in the l>:>ttle of' Sliiloh ; was severely 
wonn<K'<l at the b.ittle of Corinth, Oet. 4, lS6i ; 
maj.-'^n. Nov. an, lS6'i. 

Oglethorpe, J.vmks Edwakd, a British 
ptMi., toimJer o( the Colonv of Gi'oriria. b Loii- 
ilon, 21 Hie. ISKS ; <l. I '.Inly, 1?,<5. Son of 
Sir Tlieoiihilus of Ooiliilmiiiji, Surrey. En- 
tered Oxfonl in 1714 ; obtained a eommiss. in 
the Gannls ; .serve.l itniKr MurllHjrou^h and 
IVInce Engine: and in 1722 look his seat in 
p.irli.iment. Made a tnistoc for the lilK-ration 
of |x)or debtors, he obtained a govt, grant of 
£10.iXX>, and a lllieral sub-^-ripiioii, to fonnd a 
colony of lilicrated insolvents in Ga., whither 
he proceeded in Jan. 173."; in 1734 he re- 
turned to I"ng. with some Indian chiefs, who 
wero presenie-1 to the king; in 1735 he sailed 
BLiiin for Gil. with John and Charles Weslcv ; 
in 1736 he again went thither with a rcgt. for 
its defence, and n«elled a mutiny which nearly 
cost hiiu his life. He suci-essfiilly repelletl the 
attacks of the Spatiiarils, but was unsueeessful 
in an exiK-d. against St. Augustine, of which 
he pub. an acet., London, 8vo, 1742. He met 
with many ditficulties in establishing his govt., 
cx|K-n<llng large snius ti-om his private fortune, 
and rinally left the Colony in 1743. Slade a 
maj.-geii. lu 1745, he was employitl to pursue 
the nbels under the Pn'tender, but, unable to 
overtake them, was tried by i-ourt-martial, and 
naiuitted ; in 1732 ho ri'signcil the charter of 
Ga. to the British govt. ; in 1754 left parlia- 
ment, and retired to his seat in E.ssex ; and 22 
Feb., 1765, was plnceil on half pay as a gen. in 
the Army. When Gen. Gag« R-tiirncd to Eng. 
in 1773. the i-om. in America was offered to 
Oglethorpe, whose moniful conditions did not 
please the British ministry. He was one of 
the first to wait on John Adams nOer his 
arrival as ambassador to Eng., and to e.vprvss 
his ngard for America, and his gratitieation at 
the termination of the war. Oglethor|K>, who 
was a man of great iK-nevolcnce, has Ikvu eulo- 
gized bv Thomson. Pope, and by Dr. Johnson, 
who wi>lie,l to write his life^ — 5<w Liivs of 
Oi'^'h-vftf 1,1/ llarn's and III/ II*ii//A/. 

O'Hara, Ch.vrles, a British gen.; d. gov. 
of tiibraltar, t\b. 21, 1S02. App. lieut. and 
cnpt. Coldstream Guards, Jan. 17.S6 ; lieut.-col. 
Feb. 1762; col. 2d Foot Gnaixis, .\ng. 1777; 
maj.-gcn. t)ei. 19, 1797. He came to N. Amer- 
ica in 17S0 in com. of the Guar.l»; served in 
Va. under Leslie; com. the vanguanl in the 
pursuit of Monpin and Greene in Jan. 1781 ; 
and at Giiilfurd, where he wis severely wound- 
cil, com, the Lit of Cornwallis's army, in the 
snrremler of which he was included. He was 
R^ain severelv woundwl at Toulon in Nov. 
1793. After having l>een gov. of several eo'.v 
Dies, ho was made lieut.-};oT. of Gibraltar in 



1787, and gor. in 1795. Ho was a bnire and 
enterprising soldier, and a sirirt di.'.ciptinurian. 

Ojeda de ('l<> o-hit'-<lii). Ai.<>nzo. a Span- 
ish exi'lonr. and lieut of Columbus, b. Cuen- 
(M all. 1465. tie a< ounp. C<dnnibus in hi* 
second Voyage to Annriea in 1493, and com. 
an ex|>ed. s»'iit to explon' the interior of His- 
naniobi, where he captured the chief Caonalio. 
Having reinrne<l to Spain, he receiviil com. of 
an cxp'orlni; ex|>ed. .sent out in 1499 Ameri- 
go Vespiieci w>is aimmg bis officers or passen- 
gers. He discoverc"! a pan ot the nevT conti- 
nent, which he naiiiol Vene/.iicla. and retnnied 
to Spain in 15(HI; in I5(i9 he attempte<l to 
colonize Now Andalusia, and to conquer iho 
natives, but wa» nut siu-ci-sslul. 

Oloott, Simeon, jurist, b. Cl. 1737; d. 
N. 11. Feb. l!>15. Y.C.1761. Heeomracnced 
pnieticc at Charlestown. Nil. ; became chief 
justit-c of the C.C.I'. !>«•. 25. 1784 ; judge of 
the Superior Court, .Ian. 25, 1790; chief justice 
March 2«, 1 795 ; anil was U S. senator in 
ISOl-J. 

Oldbam, Jonv, munlercd by the Indians, 
who came on board his vessel to trade in 1636. 
This event brought on the Pojiiot war. He 
came to Plymouth in 1623; associated wiih 
Lylonl in 1624, and st't up a separate worship 
on the sab'mth, intending !o alter, jHrhaps to 
assume, the govt. He aflerwani lived at Hull 
and at Cape Ann. and n-pri'sented Wulertown 
in 1634. Ill :6M3, with Samuel Hull and 
others, he travelleil Irom Don liester to a place 
on the Ct. IJiver now called Windsor. This 
exploration leii to its settlement. 

Oldham, Col. Willi \u, b. Berkclev Co., 
Va. ; killed at St. Clair's defeat, Nov. 4,'l791. 
He attaineil the rank of cnpt. in the Uevol. 
armv; resigned in 1779, and settled at the 
Fall's of the t )hio. He was very efliiicnt in the 
Indian warfare of the day, and com. a Ky. 
regt. in St. Clair's army. — <'(JHiis. 

Oldmixon, Johx, d. England, 1742, a. 69. 
A native of Somersetshire; c«>llei-lor of cus- 
toms at IJridgewater. Author of " The Briti-h 
Empire in America," 2d e<l 2 vols. 1741 ; and 
other historical works and [uvms. Pope pillo- 
ries hiiu in " The Dnnciad." Ho is supposed 
to have visited America. 

Oldmixon, .M.vrv (George), a celebrated 
sin'..iT. a i-oiiieiii|Hiniry of Garriek : d. Pliila. 
Feb. 1S35 at nn advahec<l age. Wife of Sir 
Jons OLnMIxos, an English hart., who d. on 
a farm near Pliila. in ISIS. She was many 
years on the Pliila. stage, having mailo hiT 
'Hfhiil at the Chestnut-st. Theatre, May 14, 
1793, as Clorinda, in " Kobiii Hood." She at 
one time kept u seminary for young ladies at 
Philadelphia. 

Old8,GvM\LlELS.,b. Granville. .Ms. ,1777; 
d. Circkville. O.. June 13, 1849. Wms. Coll. 
1801. Tutor thei^ several years; iirof. of 
mnihcnintics there in 1806-8, at the if of Vt. 
1S19-21. at Amh. Coll. 1821-5, afterwanis at 
the U. of Ga Orvl. colleague with Dr. New- 
ton of Gn-enfield 1813-16, and preached in 
Ohio from 1841 till his death. He pub. •• In- 
aug. Oration," 1 806 ; 9 sermons on " Episcopa- 
cy and Presl.yterian Parity," 1815 ; statement 
o'f Fact* as to Profes.<or at Middlebury, 1818. 

Olid de, OuHlSToViL, a Spanish oflScct 



OLI 



671 



OLI 



uikKt Corti's ill the conqiicst of Mexico, 1519- 
21, who alteriviud atlciiipled to iiiako himself 
iiK!e|iiiuleiit, Ij. ah. 1402; tnkuii prisoner by 
the soMieisof Cortes, and executed in Hondu- 
ras in 1 524. 

Olin, Henrt, judjic; d. Sulisbury, Vt., 
1837, a. 70. His Iwyliood was spent in Addi- 
son Co., Vt. ; member of the Vt. Gen. As- 
sembly in 1799-1825, exci'ptin^ 4 years; of the 
Slate Const. Convs. of 1814, '22,'nnd '28 ; as- 
koc. jiiil^c of Addison Co. in 1801-6; chief 
jiidfie in 1807 and in 181(1-24 ; M.C. in 1824- 
5; lioui.-),'ov. 1827-9; councillor 1 8211-2. Fa- 
ther of Kev. Stephen. 

Olin, SrhniEN, D.D. (Wcsl. U. 18-34), 
LL.U. (Y.C. 1845.), a;, eloquent divine, b. 
Leicester, Vt., March 3, 1797 ; d. Mid.lletown, 
Ct., Au^'. 16, 1851. Mid. Coll. 1820. His 
fnilier, ,lud('0 Henry, directed his eilucation. 
Knteriii^ the ministry of the .M. Ep. Church in 
1S24, he S]icnt two years in Charleston; be- 
came prcs. of the Abbeville Sem., S.C. ; re- 
sumed his itinerant labors in 1829 ; was ]irof. 
of Eng. literature in Frankiin ColL.Ga., 1826- 
3.'i ; prcs. of the Randolph and Macon Coll. 
18:i2-7; and from 18-39 to 1841 and from 1842 
till his deaili was prcs. of the Wesl. U. of Mid- 
dlctown. Deleg. to the Gen. Conf. of M.E. 
Church 1844 and 1852; (lele-;. to Evang. Al- 
liance, London, Enj.'., 1846. He visited Eu- 
rope lor his health in 1837, and on his return 
in 1843 pub. " Travels in the East;" ho was 
ul-o author of various sermons, lectures, and 
di.s(0iirses. His works were pnb. in 2 vols. 
12mo, N.Y. 1852; and his "Life and Let- 
ters." 2 vols. 8vo, 18.5.3. 

Olinda, I'liDuo de Aran.;o Lima, Mar- 
quis de, lirazilian statesman, b Pernanibii- 

k CO, 179U; d. Hio Janeiro, 7 June, 1870. Ed- 

I ncaied at Pernambuco, and in law at the U. of 

Coinibra; member of the Constituent Assem- 
bly of Portu^'al in 1821 ; and hoin 1823 to his 
death was a iiicnibcr of that of Brazil ; prcs. 
. of the chamber of deputies in 1825-7, I83I-3, 
and 18.35-7 ; twice regent of the empire dur- 
iiij; the minority of Pedro II. ; minister of state 
ill 1823, '27, '32, '37 ; made Visconnt Olinda in 
1841, and marquis in 18.54; member of the 
council of state from 1842 ; a moderate liber- 
al, and tiderant in politics. 

Oliver, Andrew, colonial statesman, b. 
liu-ton, March 28, 1706; d. there March 3, 
1774. H.U. 1724. Son of Daniel, and a de- 
scciidaiii of Elder Thomas of Boston, who d. in 
1G57. He was a representative of Boston at 
the Gen. Court 1743-6; one of his majesty's 
council 1746-65; sec. of the province in 1756- 

1 7(1; and succeeded Hutchinson as liciit.gov. 

' In 1765 he was npp. distributer of stamps; but 

was compelled by the citizens, who hung him 
in effigy on the " Liberty Tree," to rcsi;.-n. 
His fondness for wealth and (lower induced 
him lo pursue a political course similar to that 
of his bro.-in-law Hutchinson, whose unpopu- 
lari:y ho fully shared; and, his letters which 
Franklin obtained in Eng., and sent over in 
1772. evinced his subserviency to the British 
ministry. lie wrote well upon theological and 
poliiical subjects ; ami some of his jirodiictions 
arc extant. His son I)asii;l (II U. 1762) d. 
Ashslcd, Warwickshire, Eng.,May 6, 1826, u. 



82. Another son, Peter, M.D. (H.U 1769), 
d. Ivond. Apr. 6, 1795, a. 45. 

Oliver, AsDmiw, judge of the C. C. P. for 
Essex Co. Ix'foro the Uevol.. b. Nov. 13, 1 731 ; d. 
Salem, Ms., Dec. 1799. H.U. 1749. Eldest son 
of the preceding. He possessed line talents and 
good scholurship ; he was one of the original 
members of the Amer. Acad, of Arts and Sci- 
ences, to whose " Transactions " he made seve- 
ral valuable contribs. ; was a memlter of the 
Pliilos. Society of Phila. ; and in 1772 pnb. an 
essay " On Comets." He represented Salem 
in the Gen. Court in 1766; but was a Tory at 
the Ucvolution. 

Oliver, Ucn.tamix Lvxde, M.D. (1815), 
178S-1843. H. U. 1808. Nephew of Dr. B. 
L. Oliver, aftd son of Rev. Thos. Fitch Au- 
thor of " Rights of an Amer. Citizen," 8vo, 
1832; "Law Summary," 8vo, 18.33; "Prac- 
tical Conveyancing," 8vo; "Forms of Prac- 
tice," 8vo, 1841; "Forms in Chunccrv, Ad- 
miralty, and Common Law," 1842 ; " Hints on 
the Pursuit of llap[)ine5s," 1818. He was a 
noted chess-player. — AHilmM. 

Oliver, D.vxiei,, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1810), 
LED., b. Marblehcad, Sept. 9, 1787 ; d. Cam- 
bridge, June 1, 1842. H.U. 1806. After 
practising medicine for some years in Salem, he 
was flora 1815 to 1821) lecturer on chemistry, 
and from 1820 to 1837 a prof, in the med. 
school at Hanover; from 1840 until March, 
1842, a prof, in the Med. Coll. at Cincinnati. 
Author of " First Series of Physiology," 1835 ; 
2d edition, improved, in 1840; "Address at 
D. Coll.," 19 May, 1825. 

Oliver, Peter, LL.D. (Oxon. 1776), jurist, 
bro. of Licut.-Gov. Andrew, b. JIarch 26, 1 713 ; 
d. Birmingham, Eng., Oct. 13, 1791. H.U. 
17.30. He resided on a family estate in Middle- 
borough ; and, after holding several offices in 
Plymouth Co., he was, though not educated to 
the law, raised to the Supreme bcmh, Sept. 14, 
1756. He was, in 1771, made cbiif justice ; 
and when called upon in 1 774 to receive the 
grant for his services as usual from the treas- 
ury of the province, and to engage to receive 
no" pay or emolument except from the Assem- 
bly, he perem|itorily refused ; was impeached 
by the house of i-eprcscntatives ; and, when the 
Brhish troops abandoned Boston, he, with other 
loyalists, accomp. them. He went to Eng- 
land, where he lived for some years on a salary, 
or pension, from the crown. He was n talented 
wnter both of prose and poetry, and ijub. 
" Speech on the Death of Isaac Lothrop," 
1 750 ; " Poem on the Death of Sec. Willard," 
&c., 1 757 ; " Scriptural Lexicon," Birming. 
8vo, 1784-5. He was a contrib. (as was his 
brother also) to the Cenaor, a Torv pajjcr. His 
son Pi;ter, n phvsieian of Jliddlebovough, 
Ms. (H.U. 1761), al.so a lovalist, d. Shrews- 
bury, ICng., July 30, 1822, aged 81 

Oliver, Peter (o//«s W.m. Pynciio.n Oli- 
ver), b. Ilnnover, N.H., 1821 ; d. 1855, while 
on a voyage for his health. A descendant of 
Thos., first niling elder of the First Church, 
Boston, 1632; son of Dr. Daniel. Educated 
for the bar. Edited his uncle's ( B. L. Oliver) 
" Practical Convevancer ; " contrib. articles to 
the ,V. 1'. Clmrcf, lifvlfw ; and left in SIS. 
" The Purituu Commonwealth," pub. by his 



on 



672 



Oi-.>r 



bro. F. E. Oliver, 8vo, 1856. This work, wliich 
scveri'ly criticises the Puritans, was reviewed in 
a immiililet of 79 pages by J. W. Tlioniton, 
1857, anil by R«v. Geo. E. Ellis in the A'. A. 
Iteiieii; April, 1857. 

Oliver, Col. Hobebt, Rcvol. officer, b. 
Boston, 1738; d. Marietta, O., May, 1810. 
Uenioved to Uurre while young. A lieut. in 
177j; he marched to Cambridge as capt. in 
the 3d Uegt. ; in 1777 he was major, and 
in 1773 liiiit.<ol.. lOih Ms. Cont. Regt. ; and in 
1782 bivv. col. At Saratoga he was disting. in 
storming the German intrcnehments ; acted as 
adj. -gen. to the N'orlhem army, and excelled as 
a disciplinarian. lie was among the first set- 
tlers of Marietta, 0., in 1788; a n>|>resfnt«tive 
to the Terr, legisl. in 1798; councillor in 
1799 ; prcs. of the council 1800-3 ; and judge 
C. C. 1'. — //iUlrelh. 

Oliver, Thom.vs, last royal lieut.-gov. and 

Sres. of the council of Ms., b. Dorchester, Ms., 
an. 5, 1734; d. Bristol, Eng., Nov. 29, 1815. 
U.U.I 753. Descended from Elder Thomas. 
After the death of Lieut.-Gov. Aiulrew Oliver, 
of the same ancestry, in Mar. 1774, be was 
nominated his successor; Sept. 2- he wjis com- 
pelled bv the people to resign his seat at the 
council board, and took refuge with the troops 
in Boston ; he accomp. them to Halifax in 
1776, and went thence to Eng. He contrib. 
poini 2'J to the " I'ietas et Gratulatio," Boston, 
1761. 

Olmstead, J.vmes Mcnsos. D.D., Prcsb. 
eleiirvinun and author, I). Stillwater, X \'., 
17 Feb. 1794; d. Phila. 16 Oct. 1870. Un.ColI. 
1819; Princet. Tlieol. Sem. 1822. Licensed 
in 1822, and performed missionary-work until 
ordained in June, 1825, over the churches of 
Landi>l>urg and Centre; sub.-.cqucntly pa.stor 
at Middle Tnscarora, Fleinington, N. J., and 
Snow Hill, Md. Besides sermons and cssavs, 
he pub. " Thoughts and Counsels for the fm- 
pcnitcnt," 1846; "Our First Mother," 1852; 
anil " Noah and his Times," 18.')3. 

Olmsted, Dkmsox, LL.D. (U. of N. Y. 
184.')). a^tronomcr, b. E. Hartford, Ct., June 
18, 1791 ; d. New Haven, May 13,1859. V.C. 
1813; tutor there 1815-17. He was carefully 
iustiucled by his mother; became a memlwr 
of Gov. Treadwell's family, and a clerk in the 
store of one of his sons ; and subsequently took 
charge of the union school at New I.«ndon. 
A|>p. in 1817 prof, of chemistry, mineral., and 
geoj., in the TJ. of N.C. Here he proposed and 
cxcrnied the first Stale geolog. survey ever 
nttcnipied in this pountry. The report was 
pull, in 1824-5. In 1825 he was app. prof, of 
mailienintics and nat. pliilos. in YC. ; and in 
1S36 prof of nat. philos. and astronomy. He 
pull, in l^Sl-i a treatise on nat. pliilns., wlilcli 
soon iKcauie a popular coll. text-lxjok ; and, 
soon alter, an aliiidgment of it; in 1839 a 
treatise on astronomy ; in 1840 a " School As- 
tronomy ; " in 1842 " Rudiments of X«t. Phi- 
los. anil Astronomy ; " ' Letters on Astrono- 
my," prepared at the suggestion of the Ms. 
Board i}( Kducaiion ; Memoir of E. P. Mason, 
1842; of J. Trcadwell, 1843 ; " Student's Com- 
monplace Book ; " and many articles in peri- 
odicals. In 1830 be pub. an elaborate theory 
of hail-storms. The eMiaordinary shower of 



shooting-stars which fell In Nov. 18.13 led tc 
his investigations into their history and phe- 
nomena; and he satisfauioiily demonstrated 
their cosmical origin. In 1835 Prols. Olmsted 
and Looinis were the first American observers 
of Ilalley's Comet. The results of a ^eries of 
ob>ervations for several years on the aurora 
borealis he has given in the Sth vol. of the 
"Smithsonian Contrilis." Inventor of the 
Olmsted stove. Fbancis Allyn, M.D. (V.C. 
1844), bis son, b. Chapel Hill, N.C. 1819, d. 
N. ILiven, 1844. Y.C. 1839. After bis rciurn 
from a voyage to the Sandwich Islands for his 
health, 1841, be pub. "Incidentsof a Wliuling- 
Vovagc," 12mo. 

Olmsted, I'redebick Law, author and 
laniUeape-gnrdener, li. Hartford, Ct., Nov. 10, 
1822. He studied engineering and the sciences 
bearing on agriculture at Y.C. in 184.5-6, and 
then worked on a farm in Central N.Y. ; sub- 
sequentlv be carried on a farm ol his own at 
Staten Island, at the same lime writing for 
periodicals on rural subjects. In 1850 he 
made a pedestrian tour in Great Britain and 
on the Continent, the results of which be pub. 
as " Walks and Talks of an American Farmer 
in Eng.," 1852. In 1852-3 ho travelled ex- 
tensively in the Southern and South-eastern 
State', and pub. his observations in " A Journey 
in the Seaboard Slave States, with liemarks 
on their Economy," 1856 ; " A Journey through 
Texas," 1857; and "A Journey in the Back 
Country," 1860; atfyumif ol the entire scries 
was pub. by him in 1861, entitled " The Cot- 
ton Kingdom, a Traveller's O'lseri'ations," &c., 
2 vols. " The Englishman in Kansas," by 
T. II. Gladstone, edited by him, was pub. 1857. 
In 1855 he made another tour through France, 
Italy, and Germany; and in 1856 was app. to 
superintend the construction of the N.^Ciiy 
Central Park. In 1857 the highest prize for 
the best plans for the ground was awardi-d to 
th.it of Messrs Olmsted and C. Vaux, which 
was adopted. He was in 1853 app. architect 
and chief engr. Jlr. Olmsted made another " 
short European journey in 1859, and was long 
engaged on the Central Park, as well as in 
laying out the upper part of N. Y. Island and 
other similar enterprises. A.M. of II. U. I8C4. 

Olney, Col. Jeklmi.vh, RlvoI offi'-er, 
d. Providence, R.I., Nov. 10, 1812. a. 62. At 
the commencement of the war he was made 
lieut. col. in Angell's rcgt., of whiib he was 
afterwards col., Inqnenily being the chief officer 
of the R.I. forces. His heroism was conspicu- 
ous at Red Bank, Spiingfield, Monmouth, and 
Yiirktown. Many years coll. of customs at 
Proviilenee, and pres. of the Cincinnati, of R I. 

Olney, Stephen, Revol. officer, h. North 
Providence, Oi t. 17.55; d. ihcro Nov. 23, 1832. 
A dcicemlant of Rev. Thomas, one of the 
founders of the Baprist Church in America, b. 
Ueriford, Eng., 1631 ; d. Prov. II June, 1722. 
Entered the army in 1775 as lieut. in Capt 
J. Olnev's company ; was at the hnttlcs of 
LongLsland, White Plains, Brandywine, Gcr- 
mantown, and Monmouth, and in the retreat 
through N.J. ; received a ball in the arm at 
the battle of Springfield ; was at the gallant 
defence oi Red Bank, and was promoted to 
capt. Detached to join Lafayette, bo served 



G73 



ORD 



nmlcr that officer at the siege of Yorktown, 
where ho was sincinlly distinj;- in the capture 
of a British redoubt, and received several iiayo- 
net-wounds. He ropreseiiied his native town 
20 years ill the Gen. Assemiily, besides hoUlin<j 
numerous town-offices. — See Lires of Barton 
ami Ohini, 1,11 Cal/i. Williams, Prov. 1839. 

Onderdonk, Benj.vmin Treadwell, 
D.IX, LL.l)., clersyniau, b. N.Y. Citv, 1791 ; 
d. there Apr. 30, I SGI. Col. Coll. 1S09. Ord. 
priest in 1813, and app assist, at Trinity 
Church; became distinij. as n preacher. Pruf. 
in the Gen. Theol. Sein., N.V., 1826-.10; made 
sec. of the Diocesan Convention ; he was, Nov. 
26, 18.*J0, conscc. bisliop as successor of Bishop 
llobart in tbe diocese of New York. lie 
was eminently useful and industrious in this 
exalted position. In 1844, serious charf;e.s, 
which caused great scandal, led to his trial 
by the house of bisliojis ; and tliouj;li the worst 
charges were not proved, \vt the convention 
deemed hiiu {rnilty of such indiscretions, that 
they suspended him f. om his episcopal func- 
tions .Jan. 3, 184."). Strenuous efforts were 
made by his friends to re-instate him, but with- 
out success. 

Onderdonk, Hexhv, Jun., educator and 
author, b. Manhasset, N.Y., 11 June, 1804. 
Col. Coll. 1827. Fifth in descent from Adrian 
Andrewse, who emig. from Holland to Flatbush, 
L.I., bcf. 1672. Henry was broufjht up on his 
fatlicr's farm, and from 1832 to 186.1 was prin- 
cipal of Union-liall Academy, Jamaica, L.I. 
Author of Kevol. Incidents of Queen's Co., 
N.Y., 1846; of Suftblk and Kinsj's Counties, 
1849; "Queen's Co. in Olden Times," 1SG5; 
•• Lons Island in Olden Times," 1870; " Bibli- 
o;;raphvof L.I.," 1866; " Hist, of the Soc. of 
Friends in Queen's Co 1657-1790," &c. Lec- 
turer on temiwrance, local history, &c. H<in. 
member of \arious historical and pencalogical 
societies. 

Onderdonk, Hknky Ustip, M.D. (U. of 

Edinb. 1810), D.D., bishop Prot.-Ep Church, 
b. N.Y. City, 1789; d. Phila. Dcc.6, 1858. Col. 
Coll 1805". He studied medicine at London 
and Edinb. After practisini:;; this i)rofession a 
few years, he stiulicd for the ministry; was 
ord. "deacon in 1815; went as missionary to 
Canandain:ua in J.in. 1816, which, under his 
care, i;'"ew into a flonrishinf; parish, of which 
he became rector in 1818; in 1820 he became 
rector of ijl- Ann's Church, Brooklyn ; and Oct. 
25, 1827, was conscc. assist, bishop of Pa. ; sus- 
pended Oct. 21, 1844; restored Oct. 1856. He 
was a popular preacher and an eminent contro- 
versial writer. He ])ul). two vols, of sermons ; 
an essay on " Ecjreneration," 8vo, 1835; "Ap- 
peal to the Religious Public, &c.. of Canandai- 
gna," 1818; "Episcopacy Examined and He- 
examined," 1835; "Family Devotions," 1835; 
and an important tract, " Episcopacy tested by 
Scripture," 1 830. Thougli he had been restored 
to the ministry, ho did not resume the discharjrc 
of episcopal functions. Assoc, edit., with Dr. V. 
Mott, of the A'. Y. .!/'</. Jomiial in 1 815. Con- 
trib. to many periodicals, and author of some 
choice hymns. 

O'Neall, John Beltos, LL.D., jurist, b. 
Bush River, S.C, Apr. 10, 1793. S.C. Coll. 
1812. He taught in an acad. at Newberry; 
13 



studied law ; and was a short time in active mil 
itary service during the war with Great Britain. 
Adin. to the bar in 1814, he soon had a large 
practice; was a member of the State legisl. in 
1816, '22, '24, and '26; speaker during the last 
two terms; in 1828 an assoc. judge; in 1330 
judge of the Court of Appeals; in 1850 pres. 
of this court and the Court of Errors; and was 
subsequently made chief justice of the State. 
Abandoning in 1832 the use of spirituous li- 
quors and tobacco " in order to save a friend," 
he in 1841 became pres. of the State Temper- 
ance Society, and in 1852 the head of the Sons 
of Tem)wranee of N.A. He furnished reminis- 
cences of the Revol. for the Soulhern Lil'-ran/ 
Mi'sseii'irr; pub. a "Digest of the Negro Law 
of S.C," 184S; "Annaisof Newberry," 1S58; 
" Biographical Sketchesof the Bench and Bar of 
S.C," 2 vols. 1839; and several pub. addresses. 

Ord, Edw-ard Orno Ckes.vp, brev. maj.- 
general U.S.A., b. Alleghany Co., Md., 1818. 
West Point, 1839. James, his father, was an 
officer in the war of 1812. Entering the 3d 
Art., he sen'cd in 1839-42 against the Seminole 
Indians; was employed in coast-survey duty in 
1845-6, when he was ordered to Cal., wlicre he 
contrib. to the preservation of law and order by 
the execution of se\eral noted desjieradoes. 
Cajit. 7 Sept. 1850; in 1855 he retunied to Cal., 
serving there and in the Territories until 1861, 
taking part in several Indian expcds ; brig.- 
gen. vols. Sept. 14, 1861 ; and com. a brigade 
in the Pa. Reserves under Gen. McCall. Dee. 
20 he defeated a Confed. force, under Stuart, 
at Drancsvillc, Va., near the Potomac, for which 
he was made maj.-gcn. May 2, 1802. Ordered 
to the Army of the Mpi., he was placed in com. 
of Coriutli, and subsequently of the 2(1 division 
of the dist. of W. Tciin. He participated in 
the battle of luka 19 Sept. 1862, for which he 
was brev. col. ; com. and was severely wounded 
in the b.ittle of Hatchie 5 Oct. 1!}62; com. 
13th corps at siege and ca])turc of Vicksburg, 
and at capture of Jackson; com. 18th corps, 
July 21 to Sept. 30, 1864, in oiK-'rations before 
Richmond ; and wounded in assault and cap- 
ture of Ft. Hanison, 29 Sept. 1864; com. dept. 
of Va. Jan.-.Iune, 1865 ; and engaged in siege 
of Petersburg, and pursuit and ca])ture of Lee, 
9 April, 1865; brev. brig.-gen. for battle of 
Hatchie, and maj.-gen. for Ft. Harrison; maj. 
4th Art. 21 Nov. 1861 ; lieut.-col. 1st Art. Dec. 
11, 1865; brig.-gen. of regular army, July 26, 
1866. 

Ord, George, naturalist, b. Phila. 1781; 
d. there 24 Jan. 1866. Pres. of the Phila. 
Academy of Nat. Science, 1851-G6. Authorof 
Supplement to Alex. Wilson's Ornithol., uuj 
Memoir of his Life, 1825; Memoir of C. A. 
I>eiuucr, in Am. Jo'iriial of Srinires and Ails, 
ser. ii. v. viii. 23 ; Memoir of Thos Say, read 
before Philos. Soc. Dec. 19, 1834. Contrib. to 
scientiHe journals. Member Amcr. Philos Soc. 
and of the Linn.xan Soe. of Ixindon. 

Ordaz (or-<Iiith'), Don Dh-oo, Spanish ex- 
plorer, served under Cortes in the coiniuest of 
Mexico; d. 1.533. He was the first whire man 
that ascended Popocatapetl. Authorized by 
Charles V. to conquer the country between 
Cape Vela and the Bay of Venezuela, he as- 
cended the Orinoco 160 leagues, ab. 1531. 



OitF 



674 



ORT 



O'Heilly, PrRNARD. P. D.. R.C. t.l<hop 

of Umroi-J. Conscc. 10 Nov. 1S50; «1. nt soa 
J.in IS.-.G. 

Orellona, Frasci<<c<>, » Spnnish othctT, 
w!k> ili-<.x>viTwl the preiit rivor of the Anuuoiis, 
»> Ti-uxi.k.. ab. 1500; d. 1519. He aioom|). 
Puiirro to IVru in IS.'^l. and took j-art in its 
con.iiicst When, in 1540, Ikinialo I'iiarro set 
out to cxploro i!ie n-uion-; eiist of iIk- An.U-s, 
ltn.''.lana w.is hi- swonil in command. AtVr 
!i<Mnil ".- k- |>i<s»'<\ in tho ilesoont of the X.ijio, 
, r alHiientiof tho Am:uon. thiir 

I .ntirvly exh.insto>l : ami rizarro 

,, liana liiul 50 soUliors in a hri^- 

ar.'.i. . ^- v.i onlors to prvcocJ to the contlium-c 
of th- w.itors, procnro a snpplv of i>rovi>i.>ns. 
anii r—'.ini to his relief. In 3 days he re:ulu'd 
• " •. 'ut finding the country a wilder- 

: sciiree able to suK-iii-t hi* own 
I V cvl tho conrse of the river to the 

!- . ,. , ...i^e occupvin;; 7 month* ( amid al- 
most inereiiible hardshii>s. He leachv'd the 
ocean. Auj:. 1641. and, sailinj: to Sjwin. ex- 
cited iTMt wonder by rclatini; that ho had 
jvisso^i throush a countiv inhabited only by 
wi>nK-n who were warrior^ and that he liail rv- 
ci'ivod authentic infonnation of the exi-tonee 
of an El Dorado, where irild was .»o plentil'ul, 
th.it houses were roof.-;! with it. He obtained 
from thi- SiKini-h crown a commission to eon- 
quor and eoloniie tho ivirion ho had discovered, 
and al'torwanls or^iniiod an expcd. for tho 
purpose, bit died on hU voyase. 

Orrns'jy, Stepiies, an early settler of 
Ky ; d Loni-viiio, I J46. Briu-nd'Vm.-vi in liar- 
TOir's ea:u'>ai -n agr.unst the N.W Indians in 
1790; a disanj. lawyer; af^cnvard circuit 
jr.l-.T; M.C. lSll-17.' His so:i Stei-hen was 
col. of the " Louisville Legion " in the M xican 
war. — .1. T. Coi-'m.m. 

Orne, \'.on. Revol. patriot, b. M.'U-lilehoad, 
1732 ; d. Boston, June 7, 1796 He was a sue- 
c>vs;\il m reliant : was a dole-_'ntc to the Essex 
Co. convenLion in Sept. 1774, and to the 
Prov Convrre^s : was lon'^ one of the com. of 
saiV" .• ; and Wiis an active meinb -r of com. on 
mi ii"v a'Hurs, in or_:aniiin-: the forces, and 
coilictinsr arms and amrauniiion. In Jan. 1 776 
the Ptjt. Con;;n-ss app. him one of the three 
maj.-iwns. of mi Jtia ; ho had previous. y been a 
meniN-r of the Gen. Coun : and. after the 
adopiion of the State eonsti.iition in 17S0, was 
manr years in the senate and council He 
was "a lea'ous avlvocato for cdxaiion, his own 
d. iicioncv in that respect causing hira to dec'ine 
hi,;h olliei"S. 

Orno, Joseph, phrsician, b. Salem, July 
6. 1747: d thre Jan." 2«. 17S6. H I". 1765. 
Ho stndi-.! with Dr. Holyoke: piac:Ud iu 
Beverlv in 1770-7: then reinoveil to Salem. 
He wiis a superor po-v, a fol.ow of the 
Aond'iuv of Arts and Seiino.^, and wrote for 
tho Mivli al Society. — /V.ficW. 

Orr, Benj.vmiv. Iaw»-vr. 1> Bedford, X.H., 
Dc 1.1772: d. Bnm>wiefc,Mo.. S»pt.5, IMS. 
Partni Coll I79S. Son of Hon John. In 
hi- vonth he worfcod at a trade, and tau>.;ht 
school; he »tudi d law with Jiidi.-'- W'iMo ; 
lyran practii-e at Topsliam. Mo , in I SOI ; and 
a;': r.v.inl nmovc"! to Bninswick. where he 
wa.t ,.miueni in chancorj- practice; M.C. ISI7- 



19. Aathor of an " Oration on the Death of 
Wa»hini:rton."' K»00.— W'lUis't Ijiucirn of Mt 
Orr.HECToB, M D.phvgician.b. E-Brid;:©. 
watr, Ms. Mar. 24, 17 70: d. theiv Apr 29, 
l?5o. HU. 1792. SonofCol. Rol«-n. Pub. 
a " History- of l"re«-ma*onTT ; " '• A Discourse," 
1797; •• Oration." I^0\. 

Orr, Hfoii, in»-entor, b. Scotland, Jan. 13, 
I7i7 ; d Brid,-ewat. r, M- , Dee 6, 1798. Son 
of KoUTt of L-xrhwinoch, Renfrew,hiru. He 
was a punsmith. wl««, in .Fnno, 1 740. K'ttled at 
Bridal, water, where ho envied a trin Immin r, 
and niauu:"actnre-l scvthis and oth<T too.s ; 
ab 174-? he nude 500 niuslvot- for th- Slate, 
ln-lievcd to have l>een the Ili-si nukle in t'..ii» 
countrv ; and dnrin;; ibi- R vol. ot-t inn and 
bra»s cinnon, and cannon-lwlls ; ho inr nu-d a 
machine fur cb'snini.' Ilax--^d, which ho sonl 
to S»v)tlund ; and coiis-nictiii a iiL-whine lor the 
nianuf of cotum. He was some yoars a Siato 
senator. His son. Col. KoU-rt, was annonr 
at Springfield. 

Orr, L-AkC. *>• Bedford, N.H.. 1793; d. 
Amherst. Ms.. a> Apr U44. Y.C IS18. 
Son of John, a Rcrol olliocr. Some yours a 
teaclier in th • Asvlura for the Dcil and Di.mh. 
Ihirti'oid: lal «r. d a - a ptvaelK r and m! siofu-^v 
in Washington Ciy, and in th ■ -' ^ 

Co.onii Soc. : w:is a protickn; i - 

and nat. phi os., and inviut ; 
stove, Co;iirib. 45 1,'tt rsof •• liu II'.. , i>. 
the CommtrrUU .1,/r rt .«-r, and so lott rs ol 
"Timoieon" to the Bo-ton C'w.T.>r U>.- left 
a MS. ct>mmentary on Daniel and Rcve.alioii. 
Orr, J.v«es L.lwnEXCE. Liwyer and states- 
man, b. Cnivtonvillo, S.C., Miv 12, I'^iS. 
V. of Va. 1 M2. 1 le nx> ived a -^-Ovl c duoati' -n, 
but until his l<th y ar was obii^>\i lo omjilo^ 
a ]>art of hi- ti nc'i'chind the i-ounter ot I, is 
fath. r, av-ounrn- 8hopko.pT. II • su..ii d law ; 
>Yas .id-ii. to the Uir m Miy, 1S41. .tn 1 oiKUi-d 
an or.'.e ■ a: Andorson. S.C. : in 1 s4t ho I'dit- d 

tho Andorson dtrll. : in 1-44 :uid •45h-w.3 

a moniUr of the State K-.-i-l. ; and in l ■ 49-59 

was M C. A nKuilier of the Soathem-Ki-lits 

Convintion hold at Charlo-tun in M-.y t':5l, 

ho opjiosi-d the policy, while in 

riiht of s.cr'ssion on ihe j>ar: 

Stat -s. DuriniT the 32d Con :r 

qiuntlv chairiian of tho co-u oi i:i w ■' on 

the sm'io of tho Union : duriai: the neM IVn- 

pn-ss wiis chairman of the com o-i In.ban 

ail'airs; and was sp<akor of th^ "' ' •■ - < 

Asa ni mUr ot' the S C o 

mot iu 1> V 1 S60. h- rceordo.! ! 

of tho i'niu. diate and separate ^ ■ - 

State : a;id was si;l>-oquontly one ot i .. 

coiu'iiis-. to W-vhinu-tun to ir»-ai »i.h 

the snrrondir <■;' '' s: •.,,•, m ( 

har'ior. and to tr. 

ofthCoiild ."^ ~ 

Orr, J'^if*. K 

D V 2.'?, K<22. a 75. Ai ili. K. 

ton he roi-civeil a Iwll just aliov 

which cripp'etl him for Vtw. 

1; ■ wr-s a bi.ite ri'Dros*!!' 1 

r.'so State councillor ; .i 

thop.'.ie\ Fathrrofl' 

Ortou, -Xi-AKiAH t;., nil. iv -; o .r y- 

maii. b. Tvrin.-ham. Ms, I7S9; d. Lisle, 
Biuome Co," N V., »* Doc. ISM. Wms. CoU. 



ORT 



67o 



ISIS ; Piinm Som. 1820. Ord. 1822 ; pastor 
1 ivsb. church, Somen Falls, N.V., 1822-35 • at 

r^T- -ho'-'J*''''''-^-; »°'' «' Lisle in is'52- 
60. !„ IS.3S he p„h.ar..ply ,o Prof. Stuart 
o'l slavery ami «-rot.. ably ajjainst the al.oli- 
lion <ii capital punishment. 
. Orton, Jason Kockhood, M.D. phvoi- 
ran, poet, and editor, I, Hamilton, M:^liion 
Co >f\ ISOG; d. Brooklvn, L.I., Feb. 13, 
i-^l". lie pra,ti<ed mdicino sncci.s-fullv 



OSK 

tan-ht a i^rivate school in Boston al,out I«r 

•cT- I " '"•™'.""-'' "■>■ "■'^' '" peat on Cap" 
Cod. H,. pub his ca,se and romplmnt, 1743 

Osborn, Selleck, met, b. Tn.nh.ill 
.''.""'J'li^'*,- Ct-. '7?.3 ; diphiia Oct. 1. 1.26: 



-•veral years, l.„t, lindn,;, his phvsieal powera 
.. >;r axecl. remove, in Is.^o to X'-w Vork, and 
'I ^ otecl himsell to literarv pursuits. He wroo 
lor the l/,,.-/™/ IIV,',/, and at one time edit,.! 
t.K. U,eU» R,v,c,o and the Binghamton 
1 o7' .-^'non? '"s pol'lications are " Po a- 
c,I Sketches," &c., 1829; "Arnold and other 
Poems," 1854; "The Camp Fires of the Red 
Mn and •'Conndcnual Experiences of a 
spiritualist," It^SS 

Li„^hhed, Ct., An-. 21, 175S; d. FairHeld, 
>.J., May I, 185-1. D.C. 17S4. At the a"' 
ot seventeen, he volunt-ured as a private In 

h. Kevo!. army ; s,rved in the campaign of 
1 - . 6, and in the retrait thiou-1, N. J. Licensed 
as a n„„,s,i.r at the a-e of 27 ; and from Dec. 

X u'^T.^** ''■='■•' settle4 at the old stone 
church, Fairfield. N. .J. — O. C. .Vwinl 

i-?/'^?'^^',i""^- P°"'' '•• S-indwieli, Ms., 
l;'?i 'J- JiiJilletown, Ct., May 31, 1753. h! 

r.;. llf • r^,"" "l^"''- **'"""^''- ""'"i-^t'^r of 
1-JMhara. lie studied dn-initv, hut snbseqiien'- 
Iv se.tled at Middletown in th"' praetic ■ of ra di- 
eine Amon- his pieces, which evince coiisid- 
e ible t.i.ent, is an epislle written in 1735, and 
ad re.sed to one sister on the death of anoli -r- 
an 1 « wha'ing-sonjr, which was lo:i- in vo .»•' 
Ms son .John-, a physician of Middlet<i,wu''(l,.' 
i ; ]l;"- ''■"' ''• ^^3'"'' '«25), was a ^^.rgeon 
u the army at Ticonderoga in 1758- Wis 
di-'iii-. as .;i chembt, and pub. La Conda- 
mine s treatise on the Small-Pox, wiili an 
Apiiendix. His son John .CnLuciiii,L, M.D., 
t.. Middletown, Ct., Sept. 1766, d. St. Croix 
Mar. 5, 1819. N. J. toll. ISOI. He prael 
tised la Newbura, N.C., in 1787-1807; th-n 
went to New \ork, where he was prof, of tho 
i:i9.mites of medicine in Col. Coll., an.I after- 
wards prof, of obstetrics in the Coll. of Phvs 
and .Surgeons. He was eminent in his profc;- 
fion, and was a connoisseur in poetry, k-lles- 
lettres, and painting:. 

r„H®?i',-°®',T^^'-°'""''' poet- "<■ N.Y. Col. 
coil. 182,. Has pub. anonymously " Si.xtv 

1831 ; ■ The Dream of Alla-ad-Dean ; " " The 
Confessions of a I'oet," Phila. ia-i5; "The 
Vision of Rul«ta, an Epic Storv of the Island 
of Manhauan, with tllustrallons done on 
f>tone, a satire; "Arthur Carrvl, a Novel," 
the anthors best work; a poem'of the "Don 
J nan class; and a tr-atisc on "Oil Paint 
""L I , ""o," ''"^''^l fra-mcnt entitled 
tn?Iand as She Is," he appears to have b en 
a resident there in IS33. Also author of 
1867. -IT;,, ./.-J""'""'^ Tragedies," 12mo, 
M°^,'i?r'l'.^*H'"E.'- ™!ni3tor of Eastham, 
ab'".-8V"^Tv''- ?'^'''"'l "b. 1690; d. Boston' 
lib. 1,85 Dismissed for Arminianism, he 



nil r;\ "" o'-<l"'ary Einrlish education, 
and at 1 2 years was placed in a neW8»ai„T 
p intms-othee at Danbury. At 21 he b,.'came 
editor ot a .Jellcrsonian papir, the /,*■/,/,>/,/ 
II ilwss. Found guilty of a libel, he default, d 
p:iyment ot a heavy fine, and was confiu.d a 
year in Litchfield jail. After his r.hase he 
resume<l us pa|>er, which he editc.l some ye.irs 
Dunng th,. war of 1812-15 heserved as a^cajn! 
11 lie I ..S. army ; was stationed on the Caiia- 
ila tiomi_r; and was li. the battle of P atisbti-.- 
Alter the (x-ate he again cdit,-d a pan -r fii-st at 
B nmngton. Vt., and then th.. .l„„';.'l.';,'Z,: 
at Wilmington, Del. I„ 1825 j,^. ^^jj , 
pap rsupporiing Calhoun for the presidency 
and soon alt, r removed to Phila. His small 

s"'ir!"7! "n°"'"'- "°™'' S'"'i'non,al, ami 
Satirical,; Boston, 1823, contain, selections 
from Ins tu-iive pieces. _ L)ni,-I-I,„k 

Osborne, Tugs. 0., lawyer and .soldier b 
Jcrsi^v, Lujing Co., 0., II Aug. Is32. U of 
U. 18o4. Studied law at Crawtbidsi iUe Iiid • 
W.1S aam. to the bar, and settle^l in Cliiea-'o in' 
853 Co!.39th Ll.ne,gt.Dec. kV^X^-,:^ 
A , Y'^-' "' "'"^ ''=''"'= «•' Winchester 03 
Apr 1 ••62 ; scned in the operaiion ; in Charies- 
ton harbor in 1 863 ; took part in Butler's exned 
up the .Tames River in ifay, 1S64; at Drurv's 
BlH.I was severely wounded, loiiig the use "of 

"*"-,''' r-''-.^"' *,''" '!"-" "'"I'-^t'-rsbnrghe • 
CO... 1st brigade, 1st division, 24th conis; 

kej to tho works-about Petersb. and Richmond, 
by one of the most gailaut and suceessfti 
charges of the war. For this ser^-ice he Cv^s 
made bng.-geu. By his prompt movem nt C 
cut oil the Confed. troops from the Lynclibur . 
road, and coiitnb. to the capture of Lj.'s arm " 
and was brev. maj.-gen. 2 Apr. 1865 Now 
praetises law in Chicago. - Z«a,/,„„ .1/,,, „/• 

Oseola (As-sE-HE-no-i.AR, or Blvch 
Drixk), a celebrated Seminole warrior, b. on 
the Uiattahooehec River, Ga., 1804: d Fort 
Moultrie, S.C., 30 J.-m. 1S3S. Son of Wm. 
^-ojye.l — an Lnglishman. and a trader with t'l ■ 
Indians — by .an Indian woman. In iso-i th • 
inother and her boy settled in Fla. Thou- '\ 
of humble rank, he was the governing spiiic of 
the Sominoles ; was disting. in all .lances and 
games, and was noted for indepen.Ience and 
sell -possession. Oseola vehemeiulv oppos 1 
he reniov,-il of the Indians from Fla; ' and 
having in June, 1835, used insulting langua-.. 
o (leii. Thompson, the U.S. ag.nt .it Fort 
iving he was confin-d in irons nnd.rgnaitl for 
?.v- ''•■'■";, '^'<'- 28 he avenged himself bv 
K.il,ing Ihompson and 4 others outside the 

01 the W ithlacoochie against Gen. Clinch, and 
was wounded in the arm. This ban.l, th-. same 
that had massacred M.ij. Dade',, co'n. 3 dav,^ 
belore, was j^ut to flight. H- had s veral on- 
pagements with the troops under G-n. Gain.-s- 
June 9, 1S.3G, was repuls,,! in a daring and 
skUlul assault on Fort Mieanopv ; made aa 



oso 



676 



OSG- 



nnsncco'Sfiil attack on Fo« Dranc, Aiip. 12; 
Qiiil ronti'ndixl witli skill and i-ncrgy for more 
timii a year airaiiist over%vlK'lmin)i odds ; Imt 
22 Uct. 1837, while holdin;^ a eoiifen-nco, uiiiUr 
a flni; oC tnicc, with (ieii. Jexup, tii-ar S>l. Au- 
(rsi-iiiie, was tr^'acUorously pcizi'd, and conriiied 
nc Fort Moultrij until he died lirokeu-hearieil. 
lie W.1S a l>^■\^•e and frtnerons foe, and ainaya 
pro!ie!id woni. n and ehildrm. 

Osgood, Dvvii.. IJ.I). (Y.C. 1797), Cons, 
eirr-viiian. I.. Andov.r. M-.. Oet. 14, 17-J7 ; d. 
Medlord, IXf. 12. 1.S22. H.U. 1771. Ord. 
Se[>t. 14, 1774. Descended from John, one of 
the fonmlers of Andover. Until he wa< IB, he 
worked on his fath/r's farm ; he then sluili"<l 
iheolo^iy with Rev. Mr. Emerson ol llolli.-. and 
aft- rwanl at CamUrid^e. He snttird as milli- 
ter of .Medlord, where he continued n arly 50 
years, and became a distinguished prejieher. A 
zealous Federalist, one of his si-nuons in 1794, 
u|ion G.net's appeal to the people n^inet the 
irovt., attracted ureat attention, and paswd rap- 
uliy thrt)u^h several e<li;ions. His elcetion ser- 
mon in 1 80'J wivs the most celeliratcd of hi ; di— 
courses, lie was a thorough Ca'viiiist, " a 
truly 'jrood and prreat man, and an eanie-t and 
tearl' 5s pi-eaeher." A vol. of his sermons wjis 
pub. in Boston ill 1824. — Simiifu. 

Osgood, KitAxcES Sargent, ])oetess, b. 
B»-t.)ii, 18 June, 1811 ; d. Hin-ham, M»., May 
12, 1850. Dau. of Josejih I.oik, a mvrliant 
of Boston. Earlv attracting the notice of Mrs. 
L. M. Child, she' eomrib. to her ./hivm,V, .1/,,- 
cril'iiii/ poems uiid' r th'' si;rnature of " Flor- 
cuci.'' In 1805 she ra. Samuel SiiUman Os- 
good, a |)ortr:iit-i):iinter, with whom she soon 
afterwanis visited Loudon, where he pnrsiied 
his art-studie-s. She was not olily a contrili. to 
the ICnjr. [x^riodieals, lint also pub. a small vol. 
called the " Cisket of I>"atc ; " a collection of 
h' r |HHins under the title of " A Wivaih of 
Wild-Flowers frain N. En;.'l:ind," 8vo, 18.39; a 
.3-a' t drama eniitled "Eltrida;" and a play 
written at the request of Sheridan Kimwl s.eii- 
titled " The Htipjiy Release, or the Triumphs 
of Love." They returned to Bo-ton in 1840, 
where she pub. " The Poetry of Flowers and 
the FlowiTs of Poctrv," tojrether with " The 
Floral Oilerin^." It; 1849 the poems of Mrs. 
Osffood were jmb. at Phila. in 8vo, illustratiHl. 
Soon alter her death, a " Memorial " by hiT 
fri ml., wiih a Lii'e bv Ur, (iriswold, was pub. 
(N.Y. 1851). 

Osgood, Helen Louise (Gilsox), phi- 
lanthropist, li. Boston ab. 18.15; d. Xewtou 
Centre, Ms., April 20, 1S6S. After the death 
of ie-r jiarc'Uts. she was the ward of F. B. Fay 
of Clielsa; was well educarol; and was en- 
dowed with preat musical and conversation .1 
t.ilent. When the eivil war eommeuoil. she 
wa> nmonj: the tirst to or,;ani?.e Soldi 'rs' Aid 
Societii«, and ]irovideJ luip'oyment for the 
wives and dau^lit' rs of soldiers who wen- in 
strait ncd circumstances. E rly in 1862 she 
went to the army as a nurse, endcarinir herself 
to the men by her funtlc attentions, her sweet 
voice and her <rreat executive power. Diiriii); 
th'- bloody years of 1864-5 she administ.ri'il 
eomtort and relief to thousands of thi- s.-ver<dy 
woindi'd anil dyiiis. She also onrani/.ed and 
conducted for many mouths a hospital for 



1,000 iHidents of the siek and woundi'd colored 
soldiers of the Aniiy of the Potoniae. In IS66 
she was m. to Mr. O8;;ood, a laliorer in the 
sanitary work in the Army of the Potomac; 
but her overtosknl | owers failed, and she diid 
a iiiartyr to her patriotism and pliilanlhropy. 

Osgood, SA.MfEL, A.A.S., 8iate>man[ b, 
Andover, Ms., Feb. 14, 1748 ; d. X. York, Anj;. 
12,181.3. H.U. 1770. A dcH end:.nt of John 
of Andover. He studied theolo^-, but, losing 
his liialth, became a merchant, lie w;is oftm 
a meiulpcr of the l<-i;isl. ; w:ib a delegate to the 
Es^ex Co. convention in Se|.t. 1774; a mein- 
l)er of the Prov. Conj:n«s, and on many im- 
portant committees. He was a eapt. at Ia-x- 
m;.'ton and Cambridge in A| ril, 1775; .'.idc to 
(iin. \Vanl in 177.5-6; menib r of the I card 
of war; and left theaniiviu 1776 with the rank 
of col. and assist, eoinmissary. Meiiiln r of the 
house (ill n.'O, when he was a senator; dele- 
gate to the Old Congress 1 780-4 ; tirst eom- 
miss. of the U.S. trrus. in 1785-9; and U.S. 
l)ostma*ler-gi>n. 1789-91. Afterwards niembir 
of the N.Y. legisl., and s|M'aker of the hous.- ; 
snpenisor of N.Y. in 1801-3; and from 1803 
till his death n«v.-.l ofllcer of the I'ort of Niw 
York. Hi! pub. several vols, on religious sub- 
jects, and a work on chronology ; was well 
versi-d in science and literature, and distiug. 
for inti-gritv, public spirit, :ind pietv. 

Osgood, SAMiEL.D.n. (N.J. Coll. 1827), 
pa-stor 1st Cong. Clinn-h, Sprin;jliehl, fiom l5 
June, 1809, to hi> d. 8 Dec. 1862; b. Frveburg, 
Me., 3 Feb. 1784. D.C. 1803. Hi- was an able 
preacher, and an .ictive nfoniKr. lie pub. 
some sennons and addre>ses, " Half-Century 
Sennon," 1^59. 

Osgood, Samiel. T>.D. (H.U. 1857),cler- 
gviiian and author, b. Clmrlestown, Ms., Aug. 
30, 1812. II. U. 1832; Cai:ib. Divinity School, 
1835. After travelling and pn-achiiig 2 years, 
he was ord.. May 6, 1838. over the Unitarian 
church in Nashua, N.I I.; DlC. 29, 1841, he was 
called to the ^Vl•^tminst r Chunh, Prov., R. 1.; 
and in 1849 to the Church of the M-,sitih,N.Y., 
wherx' he remaiiU'd until 1869. Onl. deacon in 
the Pr. Ep. Chunh Aug. 5, lf;70. Dr. Osgood 
has pub. translations fronj. O'shausen and Do 
^Vctte; "The History of the Pas-ion," 1839; 
and " Human Lite," 1842. Author of " Stud- 
ii-8 in Christian Biographv," 1851; "The 
Hearthsfone," 1854 ; "God "wiih Men." 1854; 
"Milestones in our Llle>Iouniev," 1855; and 
" Student-Life," 1 S60. He eilitcd the Writ ni 
M'fgmifr, IxuiisviMe, Ky., in 1836-7; and the 
Christiiii lii'/iiinr, N.Y., 1850—1. He has con- 
trib. to the <'lirixliiin EzaminT.^he .V. .-!. /i«- 
ririr, the /l!!Ji'<itlitra Snmi, and the leading 
monthly magazines. His printed sermons, 
•siH'cches, and onitious an' mini rous : among 
iniin is his di-conrsc at Meadville Theological 
SehiKil on "Th ■ Coniim; Chunh and iis Cler- 
gy," 1858; and his omtion bfon- the alumni 
oi' H.U. in 1S60. lie has U-cn active in li.erary 
and educational obj. cts. His theological syni- 
pnthii'S, In-lbn' Kvoiuingan Episcopalisu, were 
with what Avas called the "Broad Cliiirch." 
Maitv vears eorresp. sec. of the N.Y. Historical 
SiH-i."ly. 

Osgood, Thaddefs, philanthropist, b. 
Methuen, Ms., Oct. S4, 1775; d. Ulasgow, 



OSS 



67' 



O'ri 



SL-otland, Jan. 19, 1S52. Dartm. Coll. 1803. 
He studied diviuity with Drs. Lothrop and 
Emmons. Ord. ab' 1806; ivas staled supply 
in Southljurv, Ct. ; and was a missionary in 
N. Y. and Canada. He organized the firot 
church in Butl'alo, X.Y., and niiny others; in 
1812 eolleeted S9,000 in Eng:. for a school in 
Quebec, and gathered there 200 hoys in a sab- 
bath school ; went again to Eng. in 1 825, and 
collected S5,000 tor a society to promote edu- 
cation and industry; in 1837 tbriued another 
society in Canada to supply Bibles for seamen 
and emigrants ; was many years a distributer 
of tracts, and tbunder of sabbath schools ; went 
a third time to Eng. for benevolent objects ; 
and closed his useful life in Scotland. 

Ossoli. — Sre Fuller, S.irah Margaret. 

Ostei'haus, Gls. Peter Joseph, h. Prus- 
si;L Served as an ollicer in the Prussian army; 
afterward settled in St. Louis, Mo. Entered 
the Union service in 1861 as maj. 2d Mo. Vols. ; 
took part iu the battles of Dug Spnng and 
Wilson's Creek; became col. 12th Mo. Vols. ; 
com. a brigade under Gon. Fremont; took part 
in the e.\ped. under Gen. Curiis which resulted 
in the Ijattle of Pea Ridge, where he com. a divis. 
and greatly dieting, himself; was made brig.- 
gen. June 0, 1862; in Dec. com. a divis. in the 
13th corps at Helena, Ark., with which he par- 
ticipated iu the capture of Arkansas Post, 11 
Jan. 1 863, and in the Vicksburg campaign ; coin. 
1st div. 15th corps in the operations at Chatta- 
nooga and battle of Mis-ion. Ridge ; in the At- 
lanta campaign in 1864, and iu that of Ga. and 
S.C. com. the 15th corps; maj. -gen. 23 July, 
1864; chief of staff to Gen. Canby at ICirby 
Suiiih's surrender in May, 1865. 

Oswald, CoL. Eleazee, b. Eng. ab. 1755 ; 
d. New York, Oct. 1 , 1 795, of yellow-fever. He 
was of good family, being related to Richard of 
Auchencruivc. His s_\Tupathies were awakened 
by the action of the Sons of Liberty in America 
as early as 1770, and he soon after came to 
America ; served as a capt. under Arnold, and 
at the capture of Ticonderoga, and became Ar- 
nold's sec. ; he exhibited great bravery at the 
siege of Quebec at the close of 1775, where he 
com. the forlorn hope after Arnold was wound- 
ed ; in 1 777 he was made a lieut.-col. in Lamb's 
regt. of artillery, and soon afterwards disting. 
himself with Arnold at Compo. For liis bra- 
very at the battle of Monmouth he was highly 
commended by Generals Kno.\ and Lee ; soon 
after this engagement lie left the service. He 
engaged in the printing and pub!i>hing busi- 
ness at Pliila., and was app. public printer. 
U])on constitutional questions he was an oppo- 
nent of Hamilton, whom in 1789 he challenged 
to tight a duel ; their friends adjusted the mat- 
ter, and the meeting was prevented. In 1 792, 
being in Eng. on business, he went to the Con- 
tinent, joined the French army, and com. a 
regt. of art. at the battle of Jcmappcs. 

Oswald, Riciiabd of AucheiuTuivc, b. 
1 705 ; d. Nov. 6, 1 784 One of the franiers of 
(he treaty of ]wace which closed the Rcvol. war. 
He was a merchant of Lond., and gave bail 
for Henrj- Lanrens in the sum of £50,000. He 
ni. Mary Ramsay, celebrated by Bums in one 
of his songs. 

Otey, J.VME3 Hervey, D.D. (Col. Coll. 



1833), Pr.-Ep. bishop of Tenn., b. Libertv 
Va., Jan. 27, 1800; d. Memphis, Tenn., Apr. 
23, 1863. U. of N. C. 1820. Ord. 1823, ami 
was the first Prot.-Episc. minister who settled 
in Tenn.; conscc. bishop Jan. 14, 1834; and 
did duty in Mpi., La., and Ma., among the In- 
dians, &c. Throughout the South and South- 
west his title was, " the Good Bishop." 
Though strongly opposed to secession, he was 
persuaded to write Ins famous letter to the sec. 
of state, remonstrating against coercive meas- 
ures on the part of the Federal govt. : the able 
rejily to this letter chang-ed the views of " the 
(ioud Bitlio])," who thenceforth acted with the 
Xortheni diocese. Author of numerous ad- 
dresses, senuons, charges, speeches, &c., and a 
vol. entitled " Unity of the Church," &c., Svo, 
1852. 

Otis, H.iKKisox Gray, statesman and ora- 
tor, b. Boston, Oct. 8, 1765; d. there Oct. 28, 
1848. H.U. 1783. Son of Samuel A., and 
nephew of James Otis. Adm. to the bar 17S6, 
he soon became a successful lawyer, and entered 
upon public life, where his brilliant talents, 
graceful oratory, and extensive acquirciueuts, 
gained him great ^dal. Aide to Gen. Brooks 
in the Shays Insurrection in 1786 ; member of 
the legisl. in 1796; M.C. and a prominent 
leader of the Federal party in 1797-1801 ; U.S. 
dist -atty. 1801 ; member of the legisl. and 
speaker"! 803-5 ; pres. of the State senate 1805- 
11 ; judge of C. C. P. 1814-18 ; U.S. senator 
1817-22 ; mayor of Boston 1829-32. He was 
a prominent member of the Hartford Conven- 
tion in Dec. 1814, the views and proceedings 
of which he afterward i wrote, and pub. a scries 
of letters upon. In the U.S. senate he made 
an elocpient speech in reply to Pinckney on the 
Mo. Question in Jan. 1820. He 'pub. an ora- 
tion, July 4, 1788; letter to W. Heath 1798; 
eulogy on Hamilton 1804 ; speech on the Mo. 
Question 1820 ; on the Sedition Law ; addresses 
in Boston 1824 and 1S30. 

Otis, James, col. and judge, b. Barnstable, 
June 14, 1702; d. Nov. 9, 1778. Son of Judge 
John Otis, and, without the advantages of a 
regular education, rose by the native energy of 
his mind to distinction. A diligent study of 
the |)riTiciples of law, as connected with politi- 
cal instiintions, had prepared him as an oppo- 
nent of the ministerial plans against the Colo- 
nies, and he ar.lently engaged in asserting their 
rights ; a member of the I'rov. legisl. in 1758 ; 
made speaker of the house in 1760; and con- 
tinued in that office two years, when he was 
negatived by Gov. Bernard. On the death of 
Chief Justice Scwall in 17G0, Col. Otis, sec 
onded by his son James, applied to Gov'. Ber- 
nard for tlieapp. of assoc. judge. Mr. Hntcliiu- 
son. who was nominated, attributes to their 
disap)ioiiitment the " Haming patriotism" of 
the father and s(m. In 1 763 he was ajip. judge 
of probate for Barnstable Co. ; chief j us 'ice of 
the C. C. P. Feb 1764 ; the same year he wis 
chosen siK'aker of the house, and also one of his 
Majesty s council, but was negatived by the 
gov., owing to liis op|X)sition to the nii'asures 
of govt. He was elected to the council every 
succeeding year, and was negatived regularly 
until 1770, when Lieut.-Gov. Hutchinson appro- 
bated the choice. During the first years of the 



OTI 



GTS 



OTr3 



war, Mr. Otis sat at the council Iwanl, of wliich 
be wx" pros, and llic olilcst ini'iiilnr. 

Otis, James, orator and Kcvul. jiatriot, li. 
\V. IJunislal.lc, Ms., 5 IVb. ITi.'i : .1. Aiidcmr, 
M-.. L'.l May, 1 ■**.•). II. U. 1"4.) Son of t lie 
|iiXTcdi:i;,;. Ho studied law wiili .J. (iridlcy; 
at 21 b.iian practiio iit I'lyinoiilli ; removnl to 
Boston in 1750, an I acrjiiiird a lii;.'h reputaiion 
nt til- l>:ir ; in t7.'i.'> lie ni. Until I'unninvliani. 
In ITliO he pnl). " liiidinients of Latin Piiiso- 
dy." Oiis's puhlic earwr d.itcs from his l"a- 
nions speech a-niinst the " Writs of As>ist- 
ance " in I7G1 ; chosen to the le^iisl. in May. 
17GI. he txtainc the leailer of tlie ])opiilar par- 
ty ; in 17(J4liepnli a pamphlet, " The Ri'.-hts 
of the Colonies Vindieiitcd," a masterpiece of 
arj;iiinent. Jnnc 6. 170.'i, he moved the <allinf.' 
of a con;.'i-css of delegates t'roin the several t'olo- 
nics, which was ndopiid. and to which he was 
in Oct. a delcjiatc, and one of the com. to i>re- 
parc an addi-ess to the commons of Kn;;. 
Elected s|K'aker of the honsc in" May, 17G7, he 
was ne'_'atived by the yov., and resi^'iied his 
otfiee of jiidgc-advoeate. Upon the riNpiiR- 
ment of Oov. Bcnianl that the Icfiisl. should 
rescind its Circular Letter recpicstinjr the Colo- 
nies to unite on some suitable mode of redress, 
Otis made a S|X^ch, pronounced bv his enemies 
as the " most violent, abusive, ami treasonable 
declaration that jxrhaps was ever uttered." 
The house refused to ix-seind by a vote of "J2 to 
17. In the summer of 1769 he denounced in 
the (iii-flli; in severe terms, the calumnies of 
some of the customs-ofticers ; who attacked him 
Sept. ;•. and inflicted a deep cut on his head, 
to which has been partly attributed the deran;.'e- 
mcnt under .which he aftenvards tailored. He 
obtiiiued a verdict a;_'aiust Koliinson, one of his 
assailants, for .£2.0(K). which he frave up on re- 
ceiviii;; a written a|Kilofr}', and withdrew to the 
country in 1770 on ucc(«int of his health. He 
wasa;.-ain a representative in 1771, but took no 
active part in affairs subsequently, his mind 
bavin;; become seriously impaired During a 
brief liiciil intcrAal he resumed practice in Bos- 
ton, but, 6 weeks after his return to Andover, 
was killed by a stroke of li'.:htninjr. — a fate liir 
wliich he had often expressed a wish. I llis's 
great detect wa.s his irascibility. He was a 
man of powerful genius and anient temp<-r, of 
impetuous and coniinandiiiK clo(|Ucnee. and, as 
a lawyer, stoixl at the head of the profession. 
He pub., U'sides the works named, " Vindica- 
tion of the House of Kepreseiitativcs," 17t>2; 
and " Considcnitions." Jlc, 1705. — Sff Tii- 
(lin's /,./; nt'Olis, Hvo, 1S2.1. 

Otis, Col. .John, iiidge, b. Hin^ham, Ms., 
I6,'>7; d.n.imstal.le, Ms., Sept. 2."?, 1727. .lohn 
his lather was in llin.'hani in 1635; went to 
Scituateab. 1662; andd. I6<4. a.64. Col. Otis 
was 20 yepTS the r pri'Si'n'ative of Barnstable; 
comuiilor 1706-27; many years com. the 
mi ifia of the connlv ; was chief justice of the 
C.C.P., and first jndr- of probate. He had 
Hue talents, and jKissesscd great wit and 
hmni'r. 

Otis, Samfei, Alietse, bro. of ,Iames, 
b. 15 rrstable, Nov. 24, 1740; d. at WashingKui, 
At. 22, IS14. II. U. I7.'i9. He eonnneneed 
tile stiidv of law, but ahandoneil it. and en- 
gaged in mercantile lairsuits in Boston ; repre- 



sentative to the fien. Court in 1776, ond a 
member of the convention which framed th« 
State constituticm ; durin;; the R(Vol he waj 
a mcmlirof the Iwanl of war, and in 1784 
speaker of the house ; in 1 787 he was a|i|). one 
of thcconiiiiiss. to nejxotiat ■ with the insnr-cnte 
in the Shays Rcb-l;iiin; imnilHT of Congress 
in 1781* ; and, afUr the ado[ilion of the Feder.il 
Constituiion, was eho- n sec. of the U.S. 
senate. He va. ElizaU'tli, only dau. of Harrison 
(iray, nceiver-gen. of .Ms. (who d. 1794, a. S4), 
and was the father of II. G. Oiis. 

Otterbein, I'lm.iP William, founder of 
the Church of tin- UnitiKl Brethren, b. l)i;|.n- 
bupg, (ieniiany, .lune 4, I72G; d. Baltimore, 
Md., X«.v. 17", 181.3. Ord. to the ministry 
in tile Keformed Church at Ibrljomin 1749'; 
Sent in 1752 missionary to Americi by t!io 
synod of Holl'.ind, he settled first at Lancaser, 
I'a. ; olliciated at Tul|>eliiK'kea and York, Pa., 
and Frederick, Md., and in 1774 estal.lishcd 
him^elf at Baliimori'; shortly after his selth^ 
nicnt at l.anciister he adopt^-d " new measures," 
such as prayir-mectin-js, cla.ss-nii-etin'.is, anil 
ojicn-air meetings held in groves; he mad? 
many itinerant tours, associating with himstlf 
other preachers of like faith and zeal ; and at 
the ti.ue of his death thire witv united to hU 
ciiureli ah. 100 pii-acher.-. and 20.000 members. 
He was a man of great leainin,', piety, and 
zeal. His char\li is spn ad over large ]ioitions 
of the Xorthem and Southern States, and 
nunibr.- about 90.000 comuiunieants. 

Otto, .loHN C, M.U. (U. of Pa. 1796), 
phvsiciau, b. X. J. 1 775 ; d. Philadelphia, .Intie 
.30,ls45. N J. Col. 1792. His lather, Ur. 
Bodo Otto, was a disiing. physician and Uevol. 
oflieer. .(ohn C. was a successlrl praeiiiioiier 
in I'hila. for nearlv 50 years ; wa> an attending 
physician in the Va. ilospi.al, and lor many 
years clinical lecturer in that institution. He 
pub. mcd. papers in the .V. 1'. Mfd lU/ios., and 
in the .V. ,1. .l/.rf. tiDfl Simi. hmmal 182s_3o. 
— ."»'.< Memoirs hi I. I'nri'sJi, Phila. 1845 

Otto, Loiis William, Coixt deMoslot, 
Fn-ncli diplomatist, b. 1754 in the duchv of 
Balen; d. Paris, Nov 9, 1817. Kducated at 
the U. of Srra.sburg; in 1777 app sec. of lega- 
tion at Bavaria. The nniba.s>ador Luzi-me, 
b. ing app. minister to the U.S. in 1779, took 
with him M. Otto, who rninined as S(C. and 
rhnrrifd'nttiiires till 1792; he was then employed 
by the com. of public safety, but, on the fall' of 
the Girondists, wiis sent to ihe Lnxemboiirg 
Prison, where he remain' d till the 9th tlienni- 
dor; in 1798 he went to Ber in as sec. to the 
amliassadur Sieves; in Is'OO he was sent co 
F.iig. to In at for an exelLinge of prisoners, and 
actiil as miuister-plcnii>o. till the jx-ace of 
Amiens; after ih" campaign of 1809 he v-s 
ambassador to Vienna, wli"re he n:"_'o:iated the 
inarriau'C of Xapoh'on with the archduelicss ; 
he bi came a minister of state on his return to 
Paris in 1813, and during the hundn-il days 
was un<l r-soc. of state for foreign alliiirs. He 
m. a Mi-ss Livingston. 

Ouseley, Sir William Gore, D.C.L. 
(of Uxon.j, . -on of Sir William, b Lond. 1797; 
d. then- 6 Mar. 1866. AWnU at Stockholm 
1S17; at Washingt<m in Xov. 1825; and m. 
there the dau. of C. P. Van Xees. Author of 



OA^^ 



679 



"TJ'-.Tiarks on the Statistics and Polit. Insti- 
tutions of the U S," bTO, 1832 ; " Views of S. 
Am-iica," 1S52, &c. 

Ovando, Nicolas, a Spnnish oflficer, and 
commander of t'.ie ordrr of Al, antira, b ab. 
1460; d 1518. He siiccocdnd Bobadilla as ;;ov. 
of llispauiola in 1501. Tliou;;li just and kind 
to the Spanish colonists, he perpetrated sreat 
cruelti-'S upon the Indians, many of whom 
were massacred at Xaraqua b_v his orilors ; he 
also trc '.ted Columbus with great injustice, 
thwariinu' him upon all O'jcasions. lie was re- 
called in 150*, and succeeded by Diego Colum- 
b-;3, son of th(! groat admiral 

Overman, Fredceick, mining cntir of 
Phila.; d. U52. Author of "Manuf. of Iron," 
1850; of "Steel," 1 '.51 ; "Mouldjrs' and 
Fouadera' Poekct-Guidc," 1851 ; "Priet Min- 
eralogi-, Assaying, and Minintr," !S51 ; 
" Mechanics for the Millwriglit, Maclunist," 
&c, 1852; " Aletallurgy," li'5-2.—AI/i!>onr. 

Oviedo, V Valdbs (o-ve-a'do e val-di5s'), 
Gonzalez IIerna.ndo, a Spanish chronicler, 
b. Madrid, 1478; d ValladoliJ, 1557. Of 
nohle descent. lie spent several years of his 
youth at court, and saw th • final campaigns 
of tlie Mooridiwar. In 1514 he was .sent to 
St. Domiago as sup/rvisor of gold smeltings ; 
became iusp.-gen. of comiuerce, and passed 
mo;t of hii days in America. Author of 
" Cro.iica ik las Imlias," 1535, repub. at Sala^ 
mitnca, with additions, in 1547, — one of the 
scarcest and most valuable records of early 
Spanish-American liistory ; also of a valuable 
work, still in MS., " Quintpiagenus," or 50 
dialogues ; his " History of Nicaragua " was 
pub. by Ternaux Compans, Paris, Svo, 1840. 

Owen, Col. Aui!vnA.M. i> Prince Edward 
Co., Va, 1769; killed at the battle of Tippe- 
canoe. Nov. 7, 1811. lie nu)V> d to Shelby Co., 
Kv., Ill 1785 ; served in the campaigns ui' Wil- 
kinson and St. Clair in 1791, and in Col. Har- 
d n's c.\ped. to White River. Surveyor of 
Shelby V,o. in 1796; afterward a magistrate, 
and col. of militia; member of the Ky. Const. 
Conv. in 1799, and of both branches of the 
Stalclej;isl. ; aide-de-camp to llarri-on at Tip- 
pecanoe. — Coll'iix's Hist. Ki/. 

Owen, D.vviD Dale, geologist, son of 
Robert, b. Lanarkshire, Scotland, June 24, 
1807; d. New Harmony, Ind., Nov. 13, 1860. 
lie was educated with his bro. R. D. Owen at 
Hofwyl, Switzerland, and in 1826 accomp. his 
father to New Harmony. He spent 2 years in 
the study of geology and other branches of 
natural science in Europe, and in 1833 took up 
his permanent residence in ih' U. S. In 1835 
lie recciied the degree of M.D. from the Ohio 
Med. Coll , and 2 years later was cniployeil by 
the legisl. of Ind. in a geological survey of the 
State, the lesulis of which were pub., and re- 
printed in 1859. He next made a minute ex- 
amination of the mineral-lands of Iowa, under 
instructions from the gen. land-office ; and in 
184S he was eiiiployed by govt, to conduct the 
gcol. survey of VVis., Iowa, and Minn., the re- 
sult of which was pub. in 1852. Of a survey 
of Ky., Irom 18.')2 to 1857, 3 vols, have beeii 
pub. In 1857 he was aop. State geolo;;ist of 
Ark., and in 1858 pub. a report ol his survey, 
1 vol. Svo. 



Owen, George W., jioliiieian, b. Bruns- 
wick Co., Va., 1796 ; d. Mobile, Ala., Aug. 18, 
1837. He was speaker ot tlie Ala. hon.^^e of 
representatives; M.C. 182.3-9 ; imiyor of Mo- 
bile, and aliervvards coll. of that port. 

Owen, Griffith, an cnuTient Quaker 
preacher and plivsician to the early settlers of 
Pa.; d. Phila. 1717. He held several clvi' 
stations. 

Owen, Jony, -ov. N.C. 1823-30, b. Bladen 
Co., N.C, An^'. 1787; d. Pittslxn-ough, Oi't. 
1841. Educated at the U. of N.C. D:vo;ed 
himself to agriculture ; member of the li(/Use in 
181 2, ami of the senate in 1827; andjires. of the 
coMv. at Harrisburg which nominated Harrison 
in 1:U0. 

Owen, Jons Jason', D.D., LL.D., scholar 
an.! author, b. Colehrook. Ct., Awi. 13, 1803 ; 
.1. .N.V. Apr. 18, 1869. Mid. Coll.^, Vt., 1829 ; 
And. Seni. 1831. Ord. in 1832, and connected 
witli the Presb. Educ. Soc. On the est.iilisli- 
ment of the Corneiins Inst., he took charge of 
it, withilrawing in Nov. 1848 to become prof, 
of the Latin and Greek language-: and lit. at 
the N.Y. Free Acad. July 7, 1853, he beeamo 
viee-priucipal ; and May 2, 1866, when it be- 
came a coll., he w.is maile vice-pres. 11 j maile 
excellent translations of Homer's " Iliad " and 
" Oilysscy." Thncydidcs, and Xenophou's 
" Analia,-is " and " CyropjEdia ; " and ti an-latcd 
the Acts of the Apostles into Greek. He also 
pub. 3 vols, of CoLnmentaries on the Gos|ie:s. 

Owen, Robert, philanthropist, b. New- 
town, Montgomervshire, Scotland, 14 Maich, 
1771 ; d. there 19 Nov. 1858. He acquired 
wealth by the manuf of cotton, ami, sympa- 
thizing with the working-cl.isse.s, he, wirh his 
fatherin-law and partner, David Dale, intro- 
duced reforms in re^raid to their dweili'igs, 
their hours of labor, and the eduentiou of their 
children. In 1812 lie i)ub. " New View of So- 
ciety," maintaining a theory of modilied com- 
munism. Wishing to test his system on a largo 
scale, he in 1825 purchased N w Harmony, 
Ind., and, with the assistance of his .son Robert 
Dale Owen, tried it there. It Honrished lor a 
time; but as a social experiment it was a fai.nre, 
as was also his effort to establish in London a 
" labor exchange." lu 1828 he went to Mex., 
but could effect nothiii',' there; in 1829 he 
held a public debate at Cincin. with Alexand m- 
Campbell of Bethanv on " The Evidences of 
Christianity," pub. 2"vols. Svo, 1829. He and 
his followers, the " Owenitcs," originated the 
labor-leagues, from which sprung the Chartist 
movement. In his later years he was a Spirit- 
ualist. Among his works are " Essays ou the 
Formation of Human Character," and " The 
Book of the New Moral World," presenting a 
system of religion ami society aecordnig to 
reason. His Autobiography gives much of in- 
terest ill liis c.ircer. — .bV.^ Life of Omen b] F. A. 
Purhnril, Phila. 12mo, 1866. 

Owen, RonERT Dale, author and politi- 
cian, son of Robert, b. Glasgow, 7 Nov. 1801. 
Educated at Hofwyl, Sivitzerland. Accoin- 
paiiyiiiii his father to Anur. in 1825. be edited 
with Madame D'Aruseniont the New-Harmony 
Giiz'lle, afterward called the Fr-e Inrjnlr.r, 
Oct. 182.')-l)ec. 1834. .Member of the Ind. 
legisl. 1835-8; M.C. 1843-7; eliairman of 



OWE 



680 



fab: 



the Ind. Const. Conr. in 1849 ; etiar(i€<raff(iire> 
111 Niiplcs in 1853-8. After 15 years' l«l)or, ho 
profiircil the passage of laws in Ind. scciirin;; lo 
women indi'pendent rights of property, and 
diiriii;^ tlie Kebcllion served on two important 
pivt. (omniis-ions. lie was prominent in the 
orpinizaiion of the Smithsonian Inst., nml one 
of its (irst rc^-rntri. Author of "Popular 
Traets," IS-TO ;" Moral I'hyMolo^'v," 18.31; 
" I'ocahonias," ii drama, 1837; "Hints on 
I'lihlic Architecture," in Smithsonian Contribs., 
4to, 1849; " I'lank-Roads," ISr.G ; "Footfalls 
on llic lloiinlarius of Another World." 18ij0; 
" The Wron- of Slavery, and the Ris,'ht of 
Kinaiuipatiim." 1804; " I'oilcv of Kmancipa- 
tion." isfi.1 ; " Beyond the Breakers," 18G9. 

Owens, JdUN K., coin' dian, h. Liverpool, 
1SJ3; hroiiijht to tlic U.S. in 1826, ami was 
afterwards in business in I'hila. His Ki'^t ap- 
pearance was at the National. I'liila. ; An;;. 20, 
1846, he played at Masonic Iliil, I'hila. .loint 
manairer of'ihe Baltimore Mnsonni in 1849; 
niaile an extensive European tour in 1852; 
nian:i;;er of the Chnrles-st. Theatre, Baltimore, 
1^51, and of the N. Orleans Varieties 1859-Cl ; 
played a brilliant enu'a^uient at Wallack's, 
N.Y. 1864-5 ; openc<l at the London Adelphi, 
July 3, 1865, as Solon Shin;;le, his {.neat 
part ; was at ihcBro idway in Jan.-Apr. 1866 ; 
and in 1869 played Joliii Unit, in "Self," at 
Wallack's, X.Y. — limwus A.mr. S'af,i: 

Owsley, Wii.i.iv.M, nov. Kv. 1844-8, b. 
Vu. IT82; .1. Danville, Ky., Dee. 1862. His 
lather settled in Lincoln Co., Ivy., in 1783. 
He lau;;ht school; studied law with Judjjc 
Boyle ; represented Garrard Co. for several 
years in the lf;;isl. ; jud^'C of the Supreme Ct. 
1812-2S. Re novcd'lo Boyle Co. in l«4!. 

Oxenbridge, .Iohn, mini^ier of Boston, 
b. Daveulry, lOn-., Jan. .-iO, 1609; d. Dec. 28, 
1674. Ivliie.ited at Oxford, and also at Cam- 
bridi;e, where he took his de^'ree in 1631 ; be- 
came a preacher ; made several voyaL'cs to the 
W. Indies ; was onl. pastor of a "hnrcli in Bev- 
erly, Ens;., in 1644, and chosen fellow of Eton 
Coll. ; and afterwards settled at Berwiek-on- 
Tweod, where he w.is silenced in 1662. Ho 
next went to Surinam ; in 1667 was at Barba- 
does; and in 1669 came to Boston, where ho 
was ord. April 10. 1670, over the First Church 
as coU. with Mr. Allen. He was a very pop- 
ular ])reachcr. His publications are "The 
Duty of Watchfulness ; " "Election Sermon," 
1671; "Seasonable Seekinj; of God;" and 
" A rrojKxition for propa;^atiii!f the Gospel by 
Christian Colonics in Guiana." — AViVv. 

Oxendine, .\i.k.\.kndek W., Baptist cler- 
{ivuiaii and Uevol. veteran, b. S.C. Aug. 26, 
I759;«d. Benton's Creek, Phelps Co.. .Mo., 
Sept. 3, 1 869, aged 1 10. He was one of Mari- 
on's men. and was many years a minister. He 
retained his sig ii, hearing, and intellect to his 
l.i>t b.Mir. 

Fabodie, Wilmam Jkwett, poet, b. 

I'rovi.lcn.c, R.I., ab. 1812; d there 1870. 
Has pull. " Calid 're," n legend iry poem, and 
many >iualler ])ieces. 

Paca, William, Revol. state-man. b. Wvo 
H:ill, Harford Co., Md., Oct. 31, 1740; 'd. 
17'.)J. Piiila Coll. 1758. Adin. a siuilent at 
tile Middle Temple, Lond., Jan. 14, 1762; 



f>raeti.scd law at Annapolis; mcmlicr of the 
egisl. from 1771, signalizing himself by his 
opposition to the royal govt. ; member of the 
com. of eorrcsp. in 1774 ; delegate to Congress 
1774-9, anil a signer of the i)ecl. of Iiidep. ; 
State senator 1777-9 ; chief justice 1778-80; 
chief judge of the Conn of Appeals 1780-2 ; 
gov. 1782 and 1786; member of the conven- 
tion which raiiKed the U.S. Ci>n>tiiuiion in 
1788, and U.S. dist. judge from 1789 till his 
death. He conirili. of his private wealth to the 
patriot cause, and served upon many impor- 
tant local CKinmittccs. His first wife was a 
dan. of Samuel Chew. 

Packard, Ukv. Ai.riHii-s Sprixo, I).D. 
(Bow.l. Coll. I860), b. Cbelmslord, .Ms., 1798. 
Bowd. Coll. 1816. Tutor there 1S19-24, and 
prof of Greek and Latin 1824-65; librarian 
1869. Edited, with notes Xenopbon's " Meino- 
rab.," 18;i9; works of Rev. .lessc Applcton, 
with Memoir, 2 vols. Svo, 1837. Contrib. 
Sketches of Appleton, Samuel Eaton, ami Dr. 
Packard, to Sprague's " Annals," and pa|)crs to 
several periodicals. Pub. " Hist. Bunkcr's- 
Hiil-Monument Assoc," 1853. 

Packard, Fbedebick Adolpiius, LL.D. 
(N.I. C.dl. Iis59), b. Marlborou'.'h, Ms., Sept. 
26, 1791; d. Nov. II, 1867. H.U. 1814. Son 
of Rev. Asa. He read law at Northampton, 
Ms. ; )iraciised l.iw at Springlield, Ms , 1817- 
29; member State legisl. 1828-9; edii'-d the 
//r/m/«/e/i Ftd ralisi 10 years; removed in 1829 
to Pliila., anil Inmi 1829 to his d. editcti the 
publications of the Siindaysehool Union, — 
2,000 in number, more than 40 of which he 
wrote or compiled. E'ecied pres. of the fii- 
rard Coll. for orphans. July, 1 849, but deciim d. 
He edited the .S. S. Mivntzine, the *'. .S. Jounial, 
and Yoitlh's Venny (iazftlr ; prepareil the soci- 
ety's annual reports; pub. traets and occasion- 
al pa|H'rs on S. school, educational, an'l other 
sulijects; edited 11 vols, of the Phila. Jour, of 
Prison biscijtliiie, and contrib. to the Princeton 
Ilev., the A. Enijlimder. and other periodicals. 
Anioiig bis pubs, are " Union Bible Diction- 
ary," ia37; "Tho Teacher Taught," 1839; 
" Separation of Convicts," 1849 ; " The Teach- 
er Teaching," 1861; "The Rwk." 1861; 
" Life of Robert Owen," 1866; "Daily Public 
School of the US," 1866; "Visit to Euro- 
pean Hi>s|)itals." 1840. 

Packer, William F., l'ov. Pa. 1858-61, 
b. Ceniie Co., Pa., 1807 ; d. Williani«|)ori, Pa., 
Sept. 27, 1870. He became a printer; studied, 
but never practised law ; pub. tho Li/mminff 
6'"»«c in 1827-36; canal com. 1839-42; Siar'e 
auditor 1842-5; State senator 184.')-4j; then 
pivs. of the Susquehanna R.R. Co. until its 
consolidaiion with tho Northern Centra' R.ll. 
Co . of which he was a diri'ctor imiil 1858. 

Paez (pS-Otir), Jose Astovio. a South- 
Auieriian .soldier, b. San Felipe, Caracas. 
1787. He f'UiL-bt on the royalist side in the 
beginning of the struggle for lilK-rty, but joind 
the patriots in 1810: defeated Katael Lojh-x 'n 
1816, and was made a brig.-gen. ; re'over"d 
the province of Apure ; n>utc<l La Torre at 
La« Mereuritas. 28 Jan. 1817 ; and theiieefoi'th 
acted in concert with Bolivar. For his »cr 
vices at Ortiz he was made iron, of division 
Tho battle of Carabobo in 1821, which setored 



FA.G 



681 



FAI 



the iiulepcnik'nce of Colombia, estnWisheil his 
militiirv reputation ; and Bolivar offereil to 
ni:ikc liim cen. -in-chief. His capture of I'uer- 
ti) Cabillo. in Nov. 182.3, ended Spani.sh author- 
ity in Ci>l"inl>i:i. He was made a senator and 
coinmaudiint of Venezuela ; and when, in Sept. 
1829, it hieame an indep. republic, Paez was 
chosen p:es. In 1S.39 he again became prcs. 
He led the. revolutionists a:,'ainst the usurper 
Mona;,'as in 184'*, but was unsuccessful, and 
was im|)risoncd. but was released, and resided 
in New York. iMav, 1850-I)ec. 1858, when he 
returned to Venezuela. Minister to the U.S. 
in I860, but in 18GI returned to Venezuela. 

Page, Bexjamix, capt. U.S.N., b. En;,'. 
1792; d. New York, April 16, 1858. Mid- 
shipm. Dec. 17, 1810; licut. Apr. 27, 1816; 
master Dec. 22, 1S35; capt. Sept. 8, 18-11. 

Page, Cn.tRLES Graftox. M.D., physi- 
cist, b. Salem, Ms , Jan. 23, 1812; d. Wash- 
ington, D.C., May 5, 18GS. H.U. 1832. He 
constructed an electrical machine wheti only 
ten years of age. In 183S-40 he practised 
medicine in Va. ; was prof, of chemistry in 
Col. Coll., D.C., in 18.39-40, and from 'that 
time till his death was examiner in the U.S. 
patent-office. He was a frequent contrib. to 
Silliman's Journal, and is the author of a con- 
cise and complete treatise upon the subject of 
electrical science and di>coyery. He had been 
for years perfecting machinery for the cfFeetive 
and economical use of electro-magnetism as a 
motive-power, and had so far succeeded as to 
be aide to use it for the propulsion of machine- 
ry, and, to .some extent, as a locomotive force. 
Author of " Psycboinancy, or Spirit-Rappings 
Exposed," 12mo, 18.53. 

Page, David P., b. Epping, N.H., 1SI6; 
d. 1848. Principal of the N.Y. State Xonnal 
School. Author of " Elem. Chart of Vocal 
Sounds," 1847; "Theory and Practice of 
Teaching," 1847. 

Page, Jonx, pov. of Va. 1802-5, b. Rose- 
well, Gloucester Co., Va., April 17, 1743; d. 
Eichmond, Oct. 11. 1808. Wm. and M. Coll. 
1763, which he represented in the house of 
burgesses. He was also a member of the 
Colonial Council. Disting. for talents and 
patriotism, he displayed during the Hevol. an 
ardent attachment to the cause of the Colo- 
nies ; was in 1776 one of the most conspicuous 
members of the convention which formed the 
con,sUiuiion of Va., and was app. one of the 
first councillors ; member of the com. of pub- 
lit- safety, and lient.-gov. of the State; and 
also contrib. freely from his private fortune to 
the ]mblic cause. At one time he com. a mili- 
tia regt. raised to repel a British invasion. 
He was among the first representatives to Con- 
gress from Va. 1789-97 ; and wascommiss. of 
loans for Va. from 1806 till his death. He 
pub. addresses to the people 1 79G-9. His son 
OCTAViis AiGCSTCS. first liciit. of the frig- 
ate " Chesapeake," d. Boston, .Iiine. 1813, a. 28. 
Page. JoHX. gov. of N.ll. 18.39-42, b. 
Haverhill, X.H , May 21, 1787 ; d. there Sept 
8, 1865. He rcicived an academical educa- 
tion ; was a practical farmer, and. during the 
intervals of public duty, resided upon and cul- 
tivated the old home'^tead farm I'f't him by 
his ancestors. Assessor of the diieet tax, 5th 



dist., N.H.,1815; member of the legisl. 1818- 
20 and 1835; register of deeds, Grafton Co., 
1828-34; U.S. senator 1836-7; State coun- 
cillor 1838. He was a leading Mason. 

Page, Thomas Jeffersox. commandel 
U.S.N., b. Va. ah. 1815. Midshipman in 
1827; lieut. in June, 18.33; and com. Sept. 
1855. The early part of his service was in 
the coast-survey. In 1853-May, 1856, hecom. 
an exped. to explore the River La Plata, a luir- 
rative of wliich was pub. N.Y'., 8vo, 1 859 ; and 
in 1857-Dec. 1860, made an exploration of the 
Parana and the tributaries of tbc Paraguay. 

Page, William, painter, b. Albany. Jan'. 23, 
1811. He went with his parents to N.Y. City in 
1819, and at the age of 11 received a premium 
from the Ainer. Institute for a drawing in 
India ink. After passing nearly a year with 
Herring, a portrait-painter, he became a pu- 
pil of S. F. B. Morse; was adm. a student of 
the acad., and received the premium of a large 
silver medal for his drawings from the antique. 
He spent a year in Albany, painting portraits, 
excelling in the brillancy of his color and the 
accuracy of bis drawing. Adm. a member of 
the National Acad., be was app. to paint the 
portraits of Gov. Marcy and John Quincy 
Adams. Besides portraits, he has executed 
several historical compositions, a " Holy Fami- 
ly," now in the Boston Athenrenm ; " The 
Wife's Last Visit to her Condemned Husband," 
and " The Infancy of Henri IV." He resided 
some time in Boston, where he painted a great 
number of portraits; returned to New York, 
where he remained 2 years ; and then went to 
Europe, residing 1 1 yrs. in Florence and Rome. 
He returned in the autumn of 1860 to New 
Y'ork, where be now resides. In Italy he painted 
many portraits, produced his two " Vcnuses." 
his " Moses and Aaron on Monnt Iloieli," the 
"Flight into Egypt," the " Infant Bacchus," 
and other works. His copies of Titian were 
so remarkably like the originals, that one 
of them was stopped by the authorities of 
Florence under the belief that it was the origi- 
nal painting. Since his return to New York, 
he has delivered a course of lectures on art, 
and has pub. a " New Method of Measuring 
the Human Body," based upon the models of 
the antique. 

Paige, Aloxzo Christopher, jurist, b. 
Sca<:hticoke, N.Y., July 31, 1797 ; d. Schenec- 
tady, N.Y., Mar. 31, 1868. Wms. Coll. 1812. 
His father. Rev. Winslow, intended him lor 
the ministry ; but, jircferring the law, he was 
adm. to the bar in 1819; was reporter of the 
Court of Chancery in 1828-46, publisbing in 
the meanwhile 11 vols, of Chancery Reports; 
member of the N.Y. legisl. in 182G-.30 ; senator 
1838-42 ; justice of the Supreme Court 1847- 
51, and 1855-7 ; and a member of the Const. 
Conv. in June, 1867. 

Paige, Elbridge Gerry (" Dow, jun."), 
journalist, author of " Short Patent Sermons" 
by Dow, jun., originally pub. in the .V. I' Sim- 
flai/ Merciinj, of which he was editor imil |)ro- 
prietor ; b. Hiirdwieh, Ms.,ab. 1816; d. San 
Francisco, 4 Dec. 1859. Mceiitig with reverses 
in N.Y., he went ah. 1849 to Cat., where he be- 
came intemperate, and d. in great want. 

Paige, Lucius RoDixsox, D.U. (Tuft» 



P^X 



682 



Coll. 1861), h. IlAnlwick, Ms., Mar. 8, 1808. 
lTni»fr«iili»l pn-aihiT 1815—11 ; mifi; c«»hi« 
C«ml>ri.|.,'r (Ml.) Bjiiik ; and in 1S46-JS city 
clork ol r. II A' |iul>. ■■ Solcctioiis I'mm Emi- 
nem Ciimmeniaiors," IM3; •' Centennial at 
Hanlwick " Nov. IS. 18.«S ; " Comnn-iilarT on 
N. Ti-st.," 6 v..|s. 1844-69 ; p;iiHTS in Uiiiver- 
salist pori.xlical!!. He is prvjmrinij a llistor)- 
of Cnml.ri.l:.'v. \N, 

Paine, (."n a»lk», e"t. of Vi. I841-3, !>. 

Williainsit.wn. Vi.. Apr, li. IT'.O ; <1. Waco. 
Tox««. July «. ISi3. 11. C. ISJtl. Son of 
Elijah. Eiiu'a;^tl in mannfaoiurinR, in nrliich 
he was vcrv siuvi-ssl'ul. He n-nilireil the State 
great sorMce in the construrtion of it'' r«il- 
roaiU lli-i la.-^t milroatl projivt was the ex- 
plureiiou ol a M<«tliorii route for a crval I'acilic 
railroait. tiov. I'aine wa» n lilien.l patron of 
the V of Vi iiikI the Northlii-lil A.mleniv. 

Paine, Ki.tJui.I.L.l) (II C. I8I1'). jurist, 

b. UrookUn. Ct., Jan. Jl. 17:i7 : d. Williaius- 
town, Vt.', Apr. 28, 1842. H.l'. 1781. He 
studied law, aiul iu 1784 seitUil in Vt. Mr. 
Paine w.is a scholar, a well-read law_»Tr, and 
■Im a fanner, a roail-nmker. and a pioneer in 
the inaiHif.ioiure nf American cloths, lor which 
puri»»e he constnicied an csial>li>hment at 
KorthlieKI Memlier and sec. of the conwn- 
tion to revise the Stale eou>iitution in 1786; 
memhcrol the State Ic^-isl. 1787-91 : a judiM 
of the Siiprvnie Court 1791-5; U.S. senator 
1 795-1 801. and U.S.dist. jndp; for Vt. in 18i)l- 
42. In 1789 lie was one of the coniniisii. to 
settle the i-ontroversy K-twivn N.Y. and Vt. ; 
pres. of the Vt. Colonisation Society, to w hich. 
as wvll as to Oartin. Coll. and to the U. of Vt., 
he wiui a lilvral benefactor. Fellow of the 
Anier. and Sorihorn Academies of Art> and 
Sciences. In 1782 he pronounced the first 
oration iK'I'ore the Phi Beta Kappa Soc- of HI'., 
and was elerie.1 its pres in 1789. 

Paine, Vaaj \n. lawver, son of the precetl- 
inir, b. Wiliiamstown, Vt.. Apr. 10. 1796; d. 
N.V. Oct. 6. 18i3. H. C. 1814 ; Liiohf. Law 
School. Ailm. to the bar, ami practisetl in 
N.Y. Citv. AsMjciatol in bu»ines,< wit!) Henry 
Wheaion, 1,1.0., he had mneh to do with the 
ReinTK ol ihe V S. Supr»-me Court which hear 
Mr. \Vheaton'~ name. He was also the auilMir 
of Paine's "U.S. Circuit IJei-orts;" and in 
I8.tO, in connection with John Oner. LL.I>., 
poh. Paine and Duer"s " Pnielice in Civil 
Actions and l'f^)C«^^in(ts in tlie State of N Y.." 
2 vols. Krom 1850 to his death, he was a jiidKC 
of the SajxTior Conrt of NY. His decision 
in the I^'inimm slave case was particularly able. 
Paine, IUuikbt K.. brev. niaj.izen. vols. ; 
»^ M.C. I86,%-71 ; b.Chaniou. O.. 4 Feb. 1826, 
W Res. Coll 1845. Adin. to the bar in 1848 
at Cleveland ; remo»-e.l to Milwaukie in 185T ; 
col. 4th Wis Re-,'t. 1861-3; lirij:.-ircn. 13 .Mar. 
1863 ; took i>art in defence of WashinKton, 
D.C., duriiis Karly's raiil. and lost a leg while 
in com. 3<l dir. I9ih corps in the last assault on 
Port Hudson, June, 186.1. 

Paine, Mahtv^.m n (H u.isiei.LKO., 

phvsirinu, ton of Klijah. b. Willianisiown, Vt.. 
July 8. 1794. H U. 1^13. He studied ineilr- 
cino with Dr. John Wam-n of llost.Mi. and 
practisol in Monirxal. Canada, m l!<16-a2 ; 
iheu niuuvcd to N.Y., ami ac<|uir(Ml a larp: 



practice. In 1832. durin); the prevalence of 
cholera, he wrote a sencs of letters u|ion the 
di>ea.s« to Dr. J. C. Warren. suU>eguentiv pub. 
as ■• The Cholera Asphvxia of N \ ." lie hai 
pub. '• Medical and PhT»iolo(jical C'>inni< n- 
taries." 3 vols. 1840-4 ; "'Materia Metliea and 
Therapcutica," 1842; " Tlie Iniriiutes i.f 
Medicine," 1847 ; " The SimiI and Insiinet di»- 
tin-.-nished from Materialism." 1849. sub,»e- 
qiiently iiieor|>orale<l in the " Institutes of 
Medieiue ; " and in 1852 a Memoir of his son, 
Roliert Troup. In IS.")6 l>r. Paine contrib. an 
elalionite essay on " Tlieureiii*al l_i\H»!t»jjy " to 
the Pml.K^Mt. Qntrlrrlii /iVc.fK-, controvertiiii; 
the p."ologieal intcr)>relations of the Mosaic 
narrntiims of rivation and the flood. In 1841 
Dr. Piiinc and others c>taMislii.-<l the University 
.NKsl! Coll.. in whieh he for many years lielil the 
chair of the insiituii-s of medicine and mateiia 
raedica. and >ub>«iuenry thai of iliern|H'jiics 
and materia inotiea. In 1854 he waspromineiK 
in etlV-ctini; a rv|iealof the law i>r»hibitin^ di«- 
seciioiisof the human Ixxly. ^lclnlK■r of many 
of the princi|>al leariie<l societies in Europe and 
America. 

Paine, Robebt. D.D.. bishop of the M.E. 
Church South, b. N C. 1799. ICmigrati'd to 
Tcnn. in 1813. Siishville U. 1826. He cn- 
tcrvil the Tenn. coiif. in 1819; pres. of L:«- 
prani.'e Coll.. .\la.. 1830-I6. and then chosen 
bishofL Eminent l«th as a pulpit orator, and 
as prx-sidin;; olfii-er in the annual conlen-nce. 
Ri~idc- in .\lpi. Author of a work on lloj)- 
kin-iauisin. and " l.ile and Times of Bishop 
McK -ndrce." 2 voU. 8vo. 

Paine, Robert Treat, LL.D. (H.U. 
1805). .sii:ner of the IXvl.of Iud•(^, b. Boion, 
Mnivh 11. 1731 ; d. thei\> May 11. 1814. H.U. 
1749. His liirher Thomas had been iva.<tor of 
a church in W' yiiioutli. but wos aiiinxard a 
merhant of Bo-!on. Ui> moiher was the dau. 
of Sainiul Treat, anil !;r.in>Ulan. of Saranel 
Willard. AtUr ^.Tjiduatini;, he kept acliool lo 
help sUp|>ort his p.irents, lor whoso m^n >.•- 
Dane- he aUo maiU- a voyap- to Eiiro|ie. He 
then »tndiv^l thivlojiy. aiui in 1755 lui tl ;« 
cha|dain to the Northern proviiK-iol iriK>iS, but 
afterward stndi\'d the law. On his nilmi>sion 
to the l>ar in 1759, he established liiiiis«'lf at 
Taunton. wher»- he n-sided many year*. In 
1770 Ik- e^mducti-d with ;^reat aliliiy and in- 
genuity, in the alisenec of the atty.-pen., the 
pros«vuiion of Cajit. IV-iton and his men lor the 
Bitsion Massaen-. In 1 773 be w.vi a rx-prvM-n-.v 
tive; wasi a delin^te to the Prov. Conl:T^^s in 
1774-5; a meinbir of the Cout. Con;;t\ss in 
1774-*. rvnderinjr im|iortant services uimii ^ari- 
ous i-oinrailt«-». In 1776 he. with 2 others, w.w 
dei>nie<l by Conzrvss to vi-it the arinv of 
Schnyler in the S'orth: speaker of the Nl*. h. 
of r\|>s. in 1777 ; atty.-pn. of Ms. on the or- 
fraiiizution of the State, an-l also a niimlvr of 
the exec, i-ouncil ; in 1779 he was a iii.'inberof 
the St.ite Const, Conv.. and one of the ixini. 
wliich pr'[>ar>M the dntu^-hi of it ; and wa* 
app. judie of the Supn-nK' Court in 1776, bni 
dwiin-il. He R'niove^l to Buston ab. 1780, and 
WB.s jud-,-e of the M», Supreme Court in 1 790- 
1804. Piiine's k-jn»l attaium.-na wer»- pleat : he 
rank^^l lii;.-h »i a lawyer ; wa* an ab'e an<l iin- 
IMrtial judjje ; an cxcuUeDi .scholar ; and woa 



FA.I 



683 



PAI 



notid for the brilliancy of his \rit. A founder 
of the Amtr. Acad, of Ms. in 1780. 

Faine, Kouei-.t Tre.it, i)oet, b. Taunton, 
Ms., Dot;. 9, 1773; d. Boston, Nov. 1.3, 1311. 
H.U. 1792. Son of the preicdintr, and was 
originally naniod Thomas, I lut.di'sirms of pos- 
BCS»iii'4 a "Christian" name, had it ihan^'id bv 
the le;;i-l. in 1801. Aliaiiiluiiiuu' lu rcaatile 
pur.suit:4 after a brief trial, he catablisUed in Oct. 
1794 a I oliiieal and litL'rary paper, the Frdtnil 
On-rri/, in wliieh apjicared "The jacobinlid," 
and also "The Lyars;" their personaliries pro- 
curiu;^ liiiii many enemies, and occasioning as- 
sail. ts on his person. Hi; had written versus for 
the .lAs-. Mil;!., and sulisequently wrote theat- 
rical criticisms. In Feb. 1795 lie m. Miss Ba- 
ker, an actress, faine had a prolille imagina- 
tion, was hold in his views, quick at retort, 
witty, and exceedingly sarca.-tic. His " Inven- 
tion of L'ttcrs," 179,5, was greatly admired; and 
Washington expressed in a letter to him his ap- 
preciation of its merits. He received for this 
poem $1,. 500; and for "The Killing Passion," 
int nded as a gallery of portrait-s, 51.200. In 
1798 I'.iine wrote the celebrated natiima' song, 
"Adams and LiUrty," — a jiairiotir edusion 
whicli brought him more than 1 1 dollars a line. 
In 1799 he dilivev d an or.itian on the fir^t an- 
niversary of ihe dlsoluiion of the alliance v.-ith 
France ; and, turiiin.' Iii - attention to the study 
of law uiid r .fudgr I'aisoiis, was adin. to t!:e 
Snilb k bar in 130J ; retired from the profession 
in imyj ; and soon after became an inmate of 
his father's mansion in Boston, where he wrote 
"Tlie S:eeds of Apollo," his la-st famous effu- 
sion. .Jan. 2, ISOO, hn delivered at Newbury- 
port a er.logy on Washington. His writings, 
with a Biogiai)hy by Charles Premiss, were 
pub. 8vo, 1812. 

Paine, Thomas, political and deistical 
writer, b. Thetlbrd, Norlblk, Eng., 29 Jan. 
1737; d. New Vork, S.June, 1809. Mis father 
was a Quaker, and brought up his son to his 
own trade, that of stay-maker. At tlie gram- 
mar-s -liool of Thetford he obtained some knowl- 
edge of mathematics, lie worked at his trade, 
preached occasionally as a dissenting minister, 
married, and settled in Sandwich in 1759. In 
17G4he became an exciseman; was afterward a 
teacher, thn a tobacconist; failed in business 
in 1774, and went to London. Bv the advice 
of l)>: Franklin he came to America, arriving 
in Phi a. in Dee. 1 774. In 1 775 he edited the Pa. 
Mw/.: Oct. 18 he ])iib. in Bradford's Pa. Jonr- 
nal " Serious Tiioughts upon Slavery," &c., 
expres-in^ the hop" that the legist, would put 
a stop to the importation of negroes, ameliorate 
the condition of the slaves, and ultimately pro- 
vide lor tlieir fri'edom. In his celebrated pam- 
phlet called " Common Sense," which appeared 
in .Jan. 1 776, ho advocated independence, con- 
tributing in an extraordinary degree to the dis- 
semination of ri^publican i<leas. It j)roeured 
him a reward of i:500 from the legisl. of Pa., 
the honorary de'gree of M.A. from its univer- 
8itv, and membership in the Pliilos. Society. 
Joining tlie army in the antumu of 1776, he 
was a short time aide to Gim. Greene. Dec. 19, 
1776, — a inost gloomv period of the war, — 
Paine pub. his first "Cfri^is," opening with the 
gince familiar phrase, " These are the times that 



try mc-n's souls." It revived the droojiing ar- 
dor of the jjcople, was read at the head i/f every 
regt., and iiore fruit in the battles of Trenton 
and Princeton a lew days later. This puldica- 
tion was continued till April, 1783. He was 
sec. to till! com. on foreign atiairs in Congress 
from Apr. 1777 to dan. 1779, losing his place 
for having in the Pliila. Packet denied the va- 
lidity of Silas Deane's claims upon the govt, 
lu .Jan. 17S0, when financial ruin impended, he 
gave $500, the amount of his salary as clerk 
of the Assemblv of Pa., to start a relief-fund. 
In Feb. 1781 iie went with Col. Laurens to 
France to negotiate a loan, and returned Aucr. 
25 with $2,500,000 in silver. In 1782 he puh. 
a " Letter to the Abbe' Raynal," con'ecting the 
mistakes in liis account of the Amer. Uevol., 
and soon afterwards a " Letter to the Earl of 
Shelburue," who Ii.id lipiplie ii d, that, "when 
Britain shall aeknuwl' d- • Ain' r. independence, 
the sun of Bril;^iu^^ ;;l(j. \ is s.t Ibrever." For 
his Revol. services, Con;;ress iu 1785 gave him 
83,000; and the State of N.Y. granted him 500 
acres of land in New Koehelle. In Apr. 1787 
lie went to England, and invented an iron 
bridge, the prototype of so many similar struc- 
tures, one of which was built at Kolherham, 
Yorkshire. Visiting Paris, he pub., under the 
name of Diuhatelet, a tract recomniendiug the 
abolition of royalty. luMar. 1791 he wrote, in 
answer to Burke's " Kelleclions on the French 
Kevol.," his celebrated " Ilights of Man," which 
attained great poimlarity. For tliis work he 
was outlawed in Eng., but in Sept. 1792 was 
elected a member of the French National Con- 
vention. Acting with the Girondist^, and op- 
posing the execution of the king, he incurred 
the hatred of the Jacoliins, and ab. the end of 
1794 was expelled from the Conveniion as a 
foreigner; was cast into prison, and narrowly 
cscap -d death in the IJeign of Tenor. In Nov. 
1794 he was released through the influence of 
Jlr. Monroe, in whose house he resided 18 
months, and resumed his seat in the Conven- 
tion Dec. 8. In 1795 appeared his "Age of 
Reason," which, though denotmced as atheisti- 
cal, expressly inculcates a belief in God. He 
came to the U.S. in Oct. 1802, finally settling 
in New York, and occasionally passing a few 
months on his estate at New Rochelle. At 
Monticello, whither he was invited by .Jefferson, 
he left a favorable iini)ressi(m, and was cordial- 
ly received at Washington. He was intemper- 
ate in the latter part of his life, which was 
passed in coraparativi! obscurity. In 1819 Wni. 
Cobbett took his remains to Eng. A monu- 
ment was erected to his memory in 1839, near 
his original burial-place. The writings of 
Paine have the merit of sincerity and boldness, 
and have Iwen the- object of vituperation rather 
than of controversy. His services to mankind 
as a ])olitical writer, and especially his ])ower- 
ful eX' rtions to ]iromote the indeiiend. nee of 
America, i-onslitiite a high claim upon the grat^ 
itude of his adopted eouniry. Anion.; lii> other 
writings are "Tin' Decline and Fall of the 
English Syst-m of Finance," " l^etter to (jeo. 
Washington " (accusing him of ingratitude in 
not attempting to procure his liberation from 
the Luxembourg Prison), " Agrarian Justice," 
&c. The most complete edition of his trorks 



684 



P^L 



(Boston, 1856) coDUiiiu serpnU pieces not by 
him. — 5<Y /.iivj ly Chtthiim, 180'J; Carlile, 
1814; 6". Vliitlm.rt, 1791; G. Wilr, 1841; ». 
T. Slunrin, 1819; aud ll'm. ColiUn; Atlantic 
MoiitUi/, Julvand Dk. 1859; .Vcir.lw. tWu/>. 

Paine, "f uomas, capl. U.S.X., b. U. 1. ; d. 
W'as|iiii^:roii, U.C, 9 Nov. 1839. S.iling-iiiai- 
t r L'.S.N. 10 Oct. 1812; liout. 1 IKv. 1815; 
coin. .J Mar. 1823 ; capt. 8 Si'iu. 1841. 

Paine, Willmm, M.I). (Mari*lial Coll. 
1775), iilivsiciaii, I). Wurccsiir, >L*., 5 .Juno, 
1750; d. tlniv 19 Anr. 1833. H.U. 1768. Son 
of Hon. Tiiiio. Paine, '.oyulist. Proscribed as 
n loyalist in 1778, he U-vaine surgeon to the 
BriUsli lone* in U. I. and X.Y., and surgeon- 
een. in 1782. After the Kevol. he scttl.d in 
Si. Brunswick ; wa.» n uieinUT and clerk of the 
Assembly for th- Comity of Charlotte, and 
dep. surveyor of the Kindt's Forests in Amcr. 
He removed to S:>lein, >ls., in 1787, and in 

1793 to W'orcstor. 

Painter, (i.VMALiEL. jud^e, b. New Haven, 
Ct., May 22, 1743; d. Middlel.ury, Vi., May 
21, 1819. Uv- R'reived a common-^liool edu- 
cation ; erected the first house in MiddKbury, 
Vt., in 1773 ; s ncd iis a capt. and qmr. in the 
Bevol. army ; delegate to the convention that 
in 1777 doilared the independence of Vt.; was 
a representative, jud^' of the County Court, 
aud couniillor, 1813-14; a meralicr of the first 
Const. Conv. of Vt. in 1793; and was a prin- 
ciijal founder of Middielairy Coll., to which at 
his death he left a liequesi of about SIO.OOO. 

Pakenham (|>uk'-iiaui), Sir ICuwakd 
Ml. iiAKi.. G.C U . a BriiMi (;en., Ii. X. of 
Irel.in.l ; was ki'led at the kiltie of New Or- 
leans, Jan. 8, 1813, a. 3t;. KUlest hro. of Lord 
Longford. App. iiiaj. .33(1 Lt. l)iaj;s. .Sept. 

1794 ; lieut.-c-ol. 64th foot, IKt. 1799 ; col. Oct. 
1809; nuij.-gcn. Jan. 1, 1812; col. 6th W. L 
Begt. May 21. 1813. He served as quarlcrni.- 
gcn. in the campaigns in Spain and Krance to 
the army uuiler Wellington, and was disilng. 
in all the principal engagements of that gn-at 
commander. He was »pecially noted at Sala- 
manca and Badnjos, and had been badly 
wounded at the aitsault of .Moni(5 Kortunec, St. 
Lucie, and at the capture of Martinique. He 
coin, ilieexjicdiiion against N. Orleans in 1814, 
and fell gallantly leading his men to the attack 
of Jack^on's lines. 

Palfray, Warwick, 33 years editor of the 
Kssix Jxf'iister, and State senator of Ms., b. 
Salcin, 1787 ; d. there Aug. 23. 1838. Author 
of " Evangelical Psalmist," 1802. Descended 
from Peter, the first settler at Salcra. Began 
his apprenticeship in the Iteijistrr office in 1801. 
Mcmlicr of the city council of Salem, and of 
the Ms. legi>l. lor several years. His son, 
of the same naiiu'. lias since successfully carrioi 
on the imiwr. 

Paln-ey, Jons Gorham. D. D. (II. U. 
18)4). LI.. I) (And. Sem. 1838), author, b. 
Boston. 2 .May, 1796. H.U. 1815. Grandson 
of Col. Wm., paym.-gcn. Bevol. army, aide to 
Washington. Sliir.-Apr. 1776. b. Boston, 24 
Feb. 1741; lost at sea, Dec. 1780, while on his 
way to France as consul-gen. John was min- 
ister of Bnittle-sircct (Unit.irian) Church 17 
June, 1818-1830; Dexter prof, of sacretl lit. in 
H.U. 1831-9; editor .iV. Amer. litview 1835- 



43 ; member Ms. legist. 1 843-3 ; sec. of ttats 
of Ms. 1844-8; M.C. 1847-9; |>Oslinasicr of 
Boston 1S61-6. He diliven.-<l courses of lec- 
tures lieforc the Lowell Institute in 1839 and 
1842; was an early advocate of aiilislavery, 
having liberated and provided for a number of 
slaves who had been beuueaihed to him bv a 
(h'ccased relative ; contrio. to the liutlim ll'hig 
in 1 846 a scries of articles on " The Progress 
of the Slave-Power," afterwards collected in a 
%-ol. ; was one of the editors of the Cuuimon- 
uridil, newspa|)cr in 1831 ; and bus pub. two 
discourses on "The History of Brattle-street 
Church ; " " Life of Col. \Vm. Palfrey," In 
Sparks's Ainer. Biog. ; "Lectures on the Jewish 
Scriptures and .Vniiquiiies ; " " Lectures on the 
r.viilences of Chrisiianity ; '' Review of Lord 
Malion's " Hist, of England," 1S32; " Kelation 
between Judaism and Chrisiianitv," 1834; 
" Historv of N. England to l688,"3Vols. 1858- 
64 ; " Centennial Discourse at Barnstable," 
1839; besides orations and addresses. Saraii 
H PALKRi;v,hisdau.,pub. in 1835"Pre'miccs," 
a vol of poems; "Agnes Wentuorth," 1869. 

Palmer, Benjamin Moiigan, D D (S.C. 
Coll. 1813), b. Phila. 23 .Sept. I7SI ; d. Charles- 
ton, S.C, 9 Oct. 1847. X.-.I. Coll 1800. 
Grandson of Hev. Samuel of Falmoutli, Ms. 
Pastor of the Presb church, Beaiilorl, S C. ; 
and from 1817 to July, 18-35, of the Circular 
aiKl Arclidale-sireet Cliunh, Charleston, S.C. 
He pub " The Family Companion," &c., 1835, 
and some sermi'US. — Spnviue. 

Palmer, Eluic, deisiic writer, b. Canter- 
bury, Ct.. 1704; d. Pliila. Apr. 7, 1806 Darim. 
Coll. 1787. He studied divinity, but becamo 
a deist in 1791. He resided some time in 
Augiisin, Ga., where he collected materials for 
Dr. .Morse's (.ieo;;iapliy ; afterward lived in 
New York and Phila.. all the while advocating 
his principles publicly. Atincked by yellow- 
fellow in 1793, he Ucame totally blind. He 
was the heail of the Columl>ian llluminaii, cs- 
tabli>he<l in New York in 1801. He puli. a4th- 
of-July Oration, 1797; "Piiiiciples of Nature," 
1802; " l'ros|H?ctor Viewof the Moral World," 
2 vols 8vo, 1804. 

Palmer, Erasti-s Dow, sculptor, b. Poni- 
pcy, Onondaga Co., N.Y., April 2, 1817. He 
was a carpenter in Ulica until 29 years of age, 
when he commenced caineo<utting, and re- 
moved to Albany, where be still resides. Dis- 
satisfied with this pursuit, which injured his 
eyesight, he. at the age of 35, Ixcame a 
sculptor. His first work in marhle was an 
ideal bust of the infint " Cere,-," exhibited at 
the NY. .\cadeiny o( Design : it was followed 
by two Iws-rvliefs. npreseniing the morning 
and evening star; by a statue of life-size, ri'p- 
rescnting an Indian girl holiling a eimifix; 
also statues of " The Slccpin;: Peri." " The 
Little Pea-ant," and " The White Captive," 
a nude figure of a girl liound to a tree. All 
these are original works, and arc disiing. by 
can-ful workmanship. His largest work is a 
design of " The Landing of the Pilgrims." 
enil>odving 15 statues, and intended tor the 
Capitol at Washington. Among his has-rrlicfs 
are " Faith," " Immubdiility," " The Spirit's 
Flight," "Sappho," and " Remorse; " and of 
his ideal busts the principal are " Besignation,' 



FAJi, 



685 



PAI^ 



" Spring," and " The Infant Flora." He 
has also made portrait-busts of Erastus Corn- 
irifr, Com. M. C. Puny, and (Sov. E. D. Mor- 
gan. IIo lias produced upwards of 100 works 
ill marble, and has never studied or practised 
his art abroad. 

Palmer, Ixnis N.,brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A , 
b. New York ab. 1825. West Point, 1846. 
Entering the mounted rifles, he was brcv. 1st 
licut. and capt. for gallantry at Contreras, 
Cliuruliusco, and at Chapultejiec, where he was 
wounded; iiecarae 1st lieut. 1853; capt. (2d 
Cav.) Mar. 3, 1855; major (5th Cav.) 3 Aug. 
I8G1 ; lieut.-col. (2d Cav.) Sept. 23, 18G3; col. 
June 9, 1868; brig.-yen. vols. Sept. 23, 1861; 
engaged at Bull Run; com. brigade in 4th 
corps in Peninsular campaign ; com. a divis. 
4th corps N.C. Jan.-July, 1863; com. dolenees 
of Newliern, Aug. 1863 to Apr. 1864; com. 
dist. of N. C. Apr. 1864 to Mar. 1865, partici- 
pating ill Sherman's movements, and in the 
action of Kinston ; brev. brig.-gcn. 13 Mar. 
1865.— C«//«m. 

Palmer, James S., rear-fldm. U.S.N., b. 
N.J. 1810; d. St. Thomas, W.I., of yellow- 
fever, Dec. 7, 1867. Midshipm. in 1825 ; lieut. 
Dec. 17, 1836 ; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. Julv 
16, 1862; rear-adm. 1866. In 1838 he served 
as lieut. on board "The Columbia" in the 
attack on Quallah Battoo and Mushic, in the 
Island of Sumatra; in the Mexican war he 
coin, the schooner " Flirt," engaged in block- 
ading the Mexican coast. When the civil war 
began, he com. the steamer " Iroquois " of the 
Medif. squad., but was soon after utiaehcd to 
the Atlaniie block, fleet under Adra Dupoul. 
In the summer of 1862 he led the advance in 
the passage of the Vieksburg batteries; was. 
engaged in the fight with the Confed. ram 
" Arkansas; "anil again led the advance in the 
passage of the Vieksburg batteries later in the 
same year. At the battles of New Orleans and 
Mobile he was Adtn. Farragut's flag capt., and 
won from hiiu di-ting. commendation. As- 
signed in Dec. 1865 to the coin, of the North 
Ailiimie squadron. 

Palmer, Gen. John McCaulet, b. Eagle 
Creek, Scott Co., Ky., Sept. 13, 1 81 7. He re- 
moved to III. in 1832; settled in Carlinville in 
1819; was adm. to the bar in 1840; was a 
dele;.'ate to the State Const. Conv. in 1847; 
member of the State senate in 1852-4; dele- 
gate to the Nat. Eepub. Conv. at Phila. 1856; 
delegate to the Peace Convention at Wa'-hing- 
tou, Feb. 4, 1861 ; col. 14th 111. Vols. Apr. 1861; 
aceoMip Gen. Fremont in his cxped. to Spring- 
field, ilo.; and Dec. 13 was made lirig.-gen. of 
vols, lie was with Gen. Pope at the capture 
of New Madrid and Island No. 10, and at the 
battle of Farmington, and com. the l»t brigade, 
1st division, of the Army of the ilpi. In Nov. 
1862 he was with Gen. Grant's army in tcm- 
jiorary com. of a division. He subsequently 
com. a division at the battle of Stone River, 
and was promoted to maj.-gen. for callantry at 
that battle, Nov. 29, 1862. He took part in the 
battieof rhickamauga Sept. 19-20, 1863; and 
com. the 14ih corps under Sherman in the At- 
lanta campaign, Mav-Sept. 1864 ; gov. of 111. 
1869-71. 

Palmer, Joiix Williamson, M. D., b. 



Bait. April 4, 1825. City phy.-ician of San 
Francisco 1849. In 1852-3 served as surgeon 
in an E.I. Co.'s war-steamer through the Bur- 
mese campaigns. Since his return in June, 
1853, he has contrib. to Harper's and Putnam's 
Maps., Allaiilic Moiilh/ij, the Crilcrion, the 
JV. Y. Tribune, the New IVorlJ, and the Nat. 
Intelligencer. He pub. "The Golden Dagon," 
1853; "The Queen's Heart," comedy in 3 
acts, 1858; "The New and the Did," 1859; 
" Folk-Songs," 1860; " The Poetry of Com- 
pliment and Courtship," 1867; translation of 
Michelet's " L' Amour, 1859; and contrib. to 
Appleton's New Cycloptedia a number of Ori- 
ental articles. 

Palmer, Joseph, Revol. patriot, d. Rox- 
biiry, Ms., Dec. 25, 1788, a. 70. Member of 
the Prov. Congress in 1774 and '75 ; one of the 
com. of safety ajip. by that body. As col. of 
militia, he was often in the field in the vicinity 
of Boston for the defence of the coast ; and in 
1777, with the rank of brig -gen., com. the M-^. 
militia in the unsuccessful attempt to defend R.I. 

Palmer, Joseph, M.D. (II. U. 1826), b. 
Ncedham, Ms., 3 Oct. 1796 ; d. Boston, 3 Mar. 
1871. H.U. 1820. Son of Rev Stephen, min. 
of Ncedham from 1792 to his d. In 1821, a. 55. 
For some years Joseph taught at Roxbury, and 
at the Latin School, Boston ; resided in Cuba 
in 1829-30; and was afterward engaged in 
editorial labors in Boston. Historiographer 
oftheN.E. Hist, and Gcneal. Soc. 1856-1861. 
He pub. annually the Necrologv of H.U., which 
was pub. in the Bout. DaiUj Achvr/iser 1851-68, 
and in the Christ. Reg. 1869. In 1864 a vol. of 
these nee. (1851-63) was reprinted at Boston. 

Palmer, Rev. Rat, D. D. (Un. Coll. 
1852), Cong, minister and poet, h. R.I. 1808. 
Y.C. 1830. Settled over the church in Bath, 
Me., in 1835-50; and was pastor of the First 
Church, Albany, from 1850 to 1865, when he 
became sec. of the Congregational Union, New 
York. In 1865 he pub. "Hymns and Sacred 
Pieces;" "Memoirs of Charles Pond," 1829; 
"Hints on the Formation of Reliuious Opin- 
ions," I860; "Memoirs of Mrs. C. L. Wat- 
son," 1839; "Doctrinal Text-Book," 1839; ' 
"Spiritual Improvement," 1839; "Reminis- 
cences for 15 Years," 1865; "The Spirit's 
Life," a poem, 1837. 

Palmer, William Adams, gov. of Vt. 
1831-5; d. Danville, Vt., Dec. 1860. M.A. of 
Vt. U. 1817. Six years member Vt. legisl. ; 
8 years clerk of the courts; 2 years a State 
senator; judge of Probate and of the Co. 
Court; judge of the Supreme Court 181S; 
U.S. scuaior 1818-25; and member of the 
Const. Couvs. of 1828 and 1835. 

Palmer, William Pitt, poet, b. Stock- 
bridge. Ms., 22 Feb. 1805. Long a resident of 
N.Y. City, and successively a medical student, a 
teacher, a writer for public journals, and a clerk 
in a public office. He wrote a hymn or ode 
entitled " Light," and other short poems. 

Fancoast, JoSKPH, M.I)., surgeon, b 
Burlington Co., N. J.. 1805. U. of Pa. 1828. 
He began to teach anatomy and surgery in 
1831 ; elected physician of the Phila. Hospital 
in 1834, and plivsicianin chief to the Children's 
Hospital; visiting surgeon in the hosp. 1838- 
45; app. in 1838 prof, of surgery, and in 1861 



F^VT? 



C86 



TAJl 



)irof. of aiintomy, in Ji-(T. Med. Coll. Author 
of" Trcaiisc on Opvnicivc Siiri;ery," 4t<>, 18J2; 
" Essays and Lcciuros." Eilitor of " Wisuir's 
Anutumr," and other medical works ; and 
coiitrib. to nu'd. Juiiriials. 

Papilieau, Louis Josepu. a Canadian 
polilieal leader, h. Montreal, Oct. 1799; d. 
>loniieello,l'3 Sept. ISTl. Ills fattier, a nutary- 
iinhlie, and a member uf the first le>:isl. Assem- 
bly of I.«wcr Can. after tho establishment of 
the constitution of ITiU, educated him at (he 
Sem. of Quebec. Adm. lo iho bar; entered 
jiarliament in IS09; suececiled his father in 
18U as a ilep. from Montreal; and in 1815 
was s(K'alier of the house. Already a leader 
of the radical partv, Lord Ualhousie, to neu- 
tralize his po|inlaniy, app. him to the exec, 
council ; hut lie never apjicarett at its sitiini;s, 
and continued in opposition. In \S23, when 
the Kii^lish party aimed at the union of the 
two Caiiailas, he was scut on a mis.sion to 
London to rcraonsiratc against that measure. 
Ill I saT lie was re-clecied to the house, and re- 
chosen speaker. liather than sanction this 
choice. Lord Dalhousie ailjourned the parlia- 
ment. A list of the demands and ^jrievanees 
of L. Camilla were introdneetl by him to the 
house in 18.34, and known as the 92 resolutions. 
He 8U|i|iort>'d tlicm ener^-tically, ur^ed a con- 
stitutional resistance to the iin|icrial ;;ovt., 
nnd recomniended cominereial non-intercourse 
with Enj;. The new covernor, Gosfonl, havinjj 
decided in 18.37 upon administering f le prov- 
ince without the a>sistaiice of the colonial 
parliament, its sudden prorogation brought 
on the crisis; and the liberal party took up 
arms. This, however, Papineau did notapprore; 
and in a );reat |)opular meeting, Oct. '23, 1837, 
he insisted that constitutional and peaceful 
resistance would alone lie of avail to Canada. 
Uis advice was not heeded, and, after the events 
of Nov. and Dec. 1837, he took reru::e in the 
U.S., and in IS.39 went to France, cn^agiiij; 
for some years in literary pursuits. After t!ie 
union of tlio Canadas in 1840, a general 
amnesty for political ofii'nccs was granted ; ami 
I'apineau, against wlmin a warrant for high 
treii-son hail liccn issued, returned in 1847 to 
his native country. His popiibiriiy soured 
his return to the Canadi.in parliament ; but he 
had since 18.'>4 taken no prominent part in 
poiiiical alfairs. 

Paredes, M.ihiano, Mexican gen , d. city 
of Mexico. Sept. 11, 1849. He was a partiei- 
jiaiit in all the importan (events in Mexico 
from the days of Iturbidc; and in 1840, when 
tlic overthrow of Bustainente took place, ho 
took |Nirt in the movement. When, upon the 
annexation of Texas to the U.S., I'res. ilerrera 
endeavoivil to liriuir the .Mexicans to Bt-quicsce 
ill this result. Paretics op|ioscd the movement, 
nnd, with 2.^,000 men, dcfented Santa Ana, 
who w.is b.inislu'd. Parcdes, with the aid of 
Arista, deposed Herrera ; and , June 12. 1843, 
was instilled nres. On th^< followins day he 
took com. of the army, lenvini; tlieadmini-tra- 
t.on in the hands of the vice-president. Bravo, 
lie was at the head of alTiirs on the bn-aking- 
out ol the war with the L'.S in Mav, 1 846 : but, 
on the return of Santa .VTia in An,-, 1846. 
Bravu ass lined the title of provis.-prcs. ; and 



Pnrcdcs was seized and confined, but nftcnvanis 
escaped to Havana. lie was in Kuropc for 
some time, seeking to place at the lie.id of the 
Mexicans a Spanish or French prince, but 
8ub-ei|uently retuineil to .Mexico. 

Pareja,'FRANCisi-i>. a Frami<can friar, b. 
Au.'ion, N. Castile; d. .Mexico, .Inly 25, 1028. 
He came wiih others of his order to Havana 
in 15.11, and iu 1594 settled at St. Augu-tine 
for the conversion of t!ie natives of Fla. Dur- 
ing the remainder of his life he was a teacher 
of the Timuipias, in wliosc language he pub. 
in 1612 and in 1027 "Catechisms," and a 
" Confessionario " 1613 He i- said to have 
printed in Mexico in 1013 a gnimniar nnd 
vol alailary. — Ituicklnrk. 

Parent, r.TiEx.sK, b. Beanport, near Que- 
bec. I »iil . Author of " Tfivnil cliez I'lloinine,' 
1847; •• Oa Piitn el Ju SjiiiilU'ili'sme," &L, 
1848; " iJe I' I nteHiijenct toiiA ses Itn/i/iorls avec 
Soriete," 1>>S2. 

Parish, Ei-UAn, D.D. (D C. 1807), clergy- 
man and author, I). Ixdianon. Ct., Xov. 7, 1702; 
d. Bvlield, M>.. Oct. 15, 1825 Uartm. Coll. 
1785. Dec 20, 1787, he s ttled as jKistor of 
the Cong, churvli at llvtielil. Theologically 
ho belonged to the HopI;in>iani. In I«IO he 
preachisl the elittion sermon, iu which he so 
bitterly inveighed against the |>olicy of the g<»t., 
that the legi^l reliis^tl lo a-k it lor pulhica;ion. 
Besides a number of sermons and orations on 
various occ;isions, he pub a " U.izcttcer of the 
Eastern and Western Continents," with Dr. 
Morse, 1802; "A llUtorv of X. England," 
1809; "Svstemof Mo<leriiGts>,-raphv," 1810; 
"Memoir 'of Dr. Eleazer Whwlock'," 1811; 
and " SiUjreJ (ijography, or Li.u-'ttcer of the 
Bible," 1313. A vol of his sermons, with a 
Memoir of his life, app<'arc<l in 1820. 

Parke, BKXJAJttx, jurist, li X.J. 1777; d. 
Salem, Imi , .Inly 12, 1835. A Westoni pioneer, 
he scttlcfl in Ind. ab. 1800; was a deli"gate to 
Congress from that Terr, in 1 805-3 ; was soon 
after app. bv Mr. Jefferson a jmlgc of the Dist. 
Court, nnd ii -Id the ollice until his death. Pre*, 
of the Ind. Hi-t. Society. 

Parke, Bix.iamix, l..!.,.D.,lawvcr, and man 
oflettcr-.b.Xew)H>rt,lM..Oct. 1,1801. Kichanl 
his ancestor settled at Cambridge, Ms., in 1035. 
Geotiry Champiin, his matrnal ancestor, set- 
tled in Xewiwrt in 1038. His early years were 
passed on n farm and in school-teaching. Adm. 
in 1828 to practise l.wv. he settled in Harris- 
burg, Pa., wlierc lie continued to praitise, also 
editing a political journal, and contributing to 
magaiines, journals, and reviews, until 1800, 
when he rctiasl to the iKitemal f.inn of Park- 
vale, Sus<i. Co . Pa. lie h.is luli. a Digt'st. of 
the Statutes of Pa. in 1838. also some 20 pub- 
lic addresses, |>olitical, agricultuml, and ma- 
sonic. 

Park, Edwards Avasa. D.D. (Il.U. 1844), 
b. Pt\>vi.lencc, R.I., Dec. 29, 15031. Son of 
Dr. Calvin (tutor nnd iirof. in B. U. 1804-25 ; 
pa.stor at Sioiighton. .Nis., 1826-40; h. North- 
bridge-, Ms., 11 Sept. 1774; d. Stoughton, 
5 Jan. 1847; B.U. 1797). B.U. 1820; And. 
Th.-ol. Sem. 18.11. Ord. Dec. 21. 18-31, pastor 
of the Cong, chun-h, Braintn'C, Ms. ; prof, of 
moral nnd intell. philos. in .\inh. Coll. May, 
lS35-Sept. 1830 ; BATtlett prut', of saca-l rhet 



FA^n 



687 



P-AJR 



oric in And. Sem. 1836-47; and since 18-17 
AI)bot prof, of Cliristi.an tlieolo;,'y there. He 
has contrib. largely to periodical literature, and 
his been one of the editors of the liil>liotlin-a 
Sicra from the beginning. He translated 
with Prof. 15. B. Edwards a vol. of " German 
Selections,' 1839; edited the "Writings of 
liev. N. B. Homer," 1 842 ; " The Pi-cachcr and 
I'astor,'' 1845; the "Writings of B. B. Ed- 
wards, with a Memoir," 2 vols. 18.')3 ; anil, with 
j)rs. Ph'lps and Lowell Jtason, the ".Sabbath 
Jhmn-liuok." In 1859 he assisted in editing a 
V..1. of discourses and treatises on the Atone- 
ment. In 1861, with Dr. Phelps and Rev. D. 
L. l"nrber, he pub. a volume on hyninology, en- 
titled " Hymns and Choirs." He has also" pub. 
.Memoirs of Dr. Sam. Hopkins, I8J2, and Dr. 
>..tthl. Emmons, 1861, and various discourses. 
He is one of the foremost preachers of X. E. 

Park, Jons, journalist and educator, b. 
AVindliam, K.H., .Jan. 7, 1775 ; d. Worcester, 
JLs., March 2, 1852. Dartm. Coll. 1791. He 
spent some time in teaching ; then studied med- 
icine; was surgeon of tlie U.S. ship "War- 
ren" in 1797-1801, when he relinquished prac- 
tice; and in 180'i established the .Y. A". /.'fi/>- 
eriorij, a semi-w«'k!y journal, supijorting the 
Fe;lera! party, lu 1*11 ho withdrew from jonr- 
nalism, and established in Boston a female 
school of the highest grade, which he conducted 
successfully for 20 years In 1814 he jiuhli.^hed 
" The Boston Spectator." His son, John C. 
Park, is a lawyer of Boston. 

Parke, John, poet, b. Del. ab. 1750; was 
in the Coll. of Pliila. 1768. At the commence- 
ment of the war entered the American anny as 
assist, (p'.arterm.-gcn., and was attached, as is 
Siip!X)sed, to Washington's division ; for some 
of his pieces are dated at camp near Boston, 
and others at Whitemarsh and Valley Eorgc. 
After the peace ho was some time in Phila., and 
is Last heard of in Arundel Co., Va. In 1786 
appeared in Phila. " The Lyric Works of 
Horace, transl.ited into En^'lish Verse, to which 
are ad Id a number of Original Poems by a 
Kative of America." — /Jin/clcincl:. 

Parke, John G., brev. raaj.-gcn. U.S.A., 
b. Pa. 1827. West Point, 1349. Entering the 
topog. cngrs., he became 1st liout. 1 July, 1855; 
astronomer and sun-evor of the N. W. bounda- 
ry commi.ss. Feb. 14, 1857 ; capt. Sept. 9, 1861 ; 
brig.-gcn. vols. Xov. 23, 1861; m.ij.-gen. July 
18,1862; m.TJ. engineer corps 17 June, 1864. 
He com. a brigade in Gen. Bumside's cxped. 
to X.C. ; fought at Roanoke Island, Newborn, 
and at the capture of Fort Macon ; accomp. 
Gen. B'.irniidc when he joined the Armv of the 
Potomac ; served in his corps through the cam- 
pai,'n under Gen. Pope, and that under JIc- 
Clellan in Md. and Va. ; and, when Burnsidc 
assumed chief com., became his chief of staif. 
Engaged at South Mountain, Antietam, and 
Fred"rick*bnrg ; at the siege anil capture of 
Vick-burg ; com. left wing of Sherman's army 
a; Jackson, for which brev. col. 12 Jnly, 1863 ; 
cnga;red in depncc of Knoxville, and in oper.a- 
tions ni'ainst Gen. Longstrect ; in liii'hmond 
campaign com. 8th corp.«, taking part in the 
siege of Petersburg, an<I various actions until 
lyoc's surrender ; brev. lieut.-col. for capture of 
Ft. Macon 2j Apr. 1362; brev. bri^.-gen. 13 



Mar. 1865 for defence of Knoxville ; brev. maj.- 
gen. 13 Mar. 1805 for re]iulse of Ft. Steadraan. 
With A. H. Campbell pub. vol. 7 of Reports 
of Explorations and Surveys for the Paeilic 
R.R. 4to, 1857.— C»//»m. 

Parke, Rev. Joseph, b Xewtoii, Ms , Mar. 
12,1705; d. Westerly, R.I., Mar. 1,1777. H.U. 
1724. Great-grandson of Richard of Camb. 
16.35. Ord. 17.32. Sent in 1733 as a mission- 
ary' to Westerly, R I., where he labored 9 years, 
both among the English and Indians, with 
good success; and in 1752-6 had charge of a 
church at Southold, R.I. Rev Mr. Parke or- 
ganized a Sunday .school in connection "ith his 
church .at Westerly in 1752, — nearly 30 years 
before the experiment of Robert Rnikes in 
Eng. Having cared for a woman sick of snniU- 
pox who had been driven iiway by the town-au- 
thorities, he was fined for contempt ; whereupon 
he ])reiiched a sermon in vindication of his course, 
which, with a naiTativo of the transaction, was 
pub. Hisson Capt. Bcnj. joined the j .itriot army, 
and was never beard of after the battle of Bun- 
ker's im.—MS.o/D^nJ. Purler of I>arl:vule. 

Park, RoswELL, D.D. {Norwich U., Vt., 
1860), teacher and author, b. Lebanon, Ct., 
Oct. 1, 1807 ; d. Chicago, 111., Julv 16, 1869. 
West Point, 1831. Re.-igncd Sept!' .30, 1836. 
Prof. nat. phil. and chemistry in U. of Pa. 
1836^2; ord. Pr. Ep.elcrL'vmah 1843; principal 
of Christ-Chnreh Hall (hig'h school), Ct., 1846- 
52; pres. of Racine Coll., Wis., 1S52-9; chan- 
cellor of the coll. in 1859-63. In 1863 he 
founded at Chie;\go a literary and scientific 
school, " Immanuel Hall," of which he was 
rector and proprietor until his death. Author 
of " Selections of .Juvenile and Misc. Poems," 
Phila. 1836; "Pantology, or Systematic Sur- 
vey of Human Knowledge ; " " .Sketch of the 
Histopi' of West Point." 1840; "Handbook for 
American Travellers in Europe," 1853; ".Tcru- 
salera and other Poems," 1 857 ; and some occa- 
sional addresses, lectures, &e. 

Parker, A.masa J., LL.D. (Gen. Coll. 
1846),juiist,b. Sharon, Ct.. June 2, 1807. Un. 
Coll. 1825. Son of Rev. Daniel, mini'^ter of 
Ellsworth, who in 1816 removed with his fami- 
ly to Greenville, N.Y., to take charge of its acad- 
emy. Ainasa became principal of the Hudson 
Acad, in 1823; was adni. to the bar in 1828, 
and to partnership with his uncle. Col. Amasa, 
at Delhi, N.Y. ; member of the le-isl. in 1833 ; 
elected a re;;cnt of the State U in 1835 ; M.C. 
in 18-37-9 ; app. a circuit judge, and vice-chan- 
cellor of the Court of E(|uiiy, Mar. 6. 1844; 
at the first election under the new Stare Const, 
was chosen a judge of this .Supreme Court ; 
U.S. dist.-auy. for N.Y. 1859. Author of 6 
vols, of " Reports of Criminal Cases." 8vo, 
18.55-69; with Wolford and Wade, " The Re- 
vised Statutes of X.Y.," &e.,3 vols. 8vo, 18.59. 

Parker, Dasiei., hrig.-gen. U.S.A., b. 
Shiriev, .M.s., Jan. 29, 1782; d. Washington, 
D.C.Apr. .5, 1846. Dartm. Coll. 1801. Bro. 
of Leonard M. Jud^'C-advocate 1814 ; be 
read law, and began practice at Charlesiown, 
Ms. ; previous to 1812 was chief clerk in the 
war dept. at Washingtim. Was app. adj. and 
irisp.-gen. Xov. 22, 1814 ; paym.gen. June I, 
1?21 ; ni.Min app. chief clerk war dept. Nov. 
iS4l. He pul). Army Register 1816. 



FAR 



688 



P^R 



Psrker, Edgar, artist, b. Framin(;li:im, 
M»., Juiu- 7, 1S40. Norwich Milit. U. 18.)9. 
M.l). of U.U. 1S63. Family came from Eng. 
in 1640, ami wore among tho orlfinal sciilrrs 
of Snlom. EiitoreJ tlic army a'i lu-sisl. surgeon 
13ih M». Inf. Was taken prisoner twice, and 
scvcivly woiinilc<l iil the battlcof Getiysburg. 
Reliniiiii>licil the practice of metllcine in 1867, 
and aiiopled porirait-iiaiiiting as a profession, 
in which he is successfully engaged in Boston. 
Visited Eurofic in 1868, and also in 1870, for 
puq>oscs of ^ludy. 

Parker, Etm-.tRD Griffin, b. Bosion, 
Nov. Ill, lt;i>5; il. N.Y. City, Mar. 30, 1868. 
Y.C. 184". Lawyer of Boston ; and in Ms. 
senate 1859. Vol", aide on Gen. Bullcr's staff 
in May, 1861 ; and in 1862 assist, adj.-^cn. on 
the staff of Gen. MartiUilale. After the war, 
he hiid charge of the Amer. Literary Bureau 
of Reference. Author of " Golden Age of 
Amer. Oratory," 1857; " Rcniinisi-ences of 
Kufus Cho»le,"8vo, 1860. Connib. to various 
mngs., and in 1857 edited the polit. articles in 
ihe Hoslon Tnivrllfr. 

Parker, Euw.xrd Lctwtciie, h. Litch- 
field, X.ll., Julv 28, 1785; d. Uiidonderry, 
JulvU.lSJO. "Dartm. Coll. 1807. Grandson 
of Rev. Thomas of Dracut. Mini^ter of the 
Cong. Cli., Londonderry, from 8cpt. 12, 1810, 
to his dcalh. Author of " Ordinalion Ser- 
mons." 1824; " .\ Century Sermon," 1819 ; 
"Hist, of I.«nilonilerry," 12mo, 1851. — 
Spntg'ie; f>. C. Aluiiini. 

Parker, Eoxuall A., capt. U.S.N., son 
of Ciipt. F. A. Parker, U.S.X., b. N.Y. Aug. 
5, 1821. Giail. Naval School, 184.3. Licnt. 
Sept. 28, IS.'iO; com. Julv 16, 1862; capt. July 
25, 1866. He served in t'lorida against the In- 
dians ; com. steam-gunhoat " Mahaska," 1 863 ; 
naval hailery on Morris Island durini; Ixmihard. 
of Fort Sumter, Aug. 1863; en:;i>ge<l with Con- 
fed, bai teries on Potomac and Ka]>paliiinnock 
Rivers, and off Wilmington, X.C., and with 
Confcil. troops on shore while com. " The Ma- 
haska " in 1863. and Poiomac flotilla in 1864-5. 
He is the author of " Snuadron Tactics under 
Steam," 1864; "Naval ILiwiticr Ashore and 
Afloat," 186.5-6 ; and has conlrib. to the Knick- 
erlmrkrf Mail. 

Parker j IIexrt Webster, b. Danby , N.Y., 
18J2. Auih. Coll. 1843. Presb. divine, son 
ol Ucv. Samuel of Ithaca. Author of " Poems," 
12mo, 1850 ; " The Slorv of a Soul," a poem, 
1852; " Verse," by II. W. P.. Boston, 12nio, 
1 862. Conlrib. to various periodicals. — Alli- 
h,nr. 

Parker, Sir Hydk, a British adm., b. 
17.19; <l. .M.ir. 16. 1807. He was si-coud son 
of the nufuriiiiiiiie vice-adm. of ilie luime, and 
went to sea, wlicn a mere child, under hi> father. 
In 17r>3 he lieeame a jiost-capt. ; and iii 1776 
sem-d in "The Phccnix " (44), on the Amer. 
station, where lie disiine. him.scif in the attack 
on New Yoik ; and in Ucc. 1778, wiih a small 
squad., conveyeil the force which captured Sa- 
vannah. In 1779 he was kni|;hicd (or these 
services. He was ]iresent in the action off the 
Dogger Bank; in Feb. 1793 was made rear- 
adm. of the White ; was iirvsent at the sur- 
render of Toulon and the remiction ol Corsica ; 
in 1796 he took the com at Jamaica; in 1799 



was made adm. of the Rc<l ; and in 1807 ha 
com. at the nicmonilile attack of Coiicnhagen. 

Parker, Isaac. LL.IX (II.U. 1814), jurist, 
b. Bosiou. June 17. 1768; <l. July 26, 18^^10. 
II.U. 1786. lie »a<, for a time, teacher in (he 
grammar-seliool, but slntlied law ; es(al)li-*hcd 
himself in pniciice at Casiine, Me., and soon 
became popular; M.C. 1797-9; marshal for 
the disl. of .Me. 17'J7-18(il. After pracii«ing 
for a while in Portland, he, in I8116. aoepicJ 
a seal ou the Supreme Itencb ; and in 1814. on 
the decease of Sewall, sni-eceded him as chi>f 
juslii-e. He was pies, of the Con-t. Conr. of 
5ls. of 1620, and, when relieved fiom the duties 
of the chair, took a spiriled part in ihe debates. 
Prof of law in II.U. in 1816-27. Author of 
Oration on Washington. 1800 ; ' Sketch of the 
Character of Judge Parsons," 8vo, 1813. 

Parker, JtVES. legislator, b. Beihlehcin, 
N.J, Mar. 3, 1776; d. Penh AmUiv, N.J., 
Apr. 1, 1868. Col. Coll. 1793. James his 
f.ither, one of the Prov. Council belorc tho 
lievol., and a lending incmlier of the tHiard of 
proprietors of the Colony, removed with his 
laniily to Perth Aniboy in 1783. and d. 1797. 
Tlic son then assumed the care of his lar,;c 
landetl estate; was a memlicr of the ,\. J A — 
senilily in I8116-I4. 1815-19, and 1827-8, and 
active in establishing the fix"c-scho<d system in 
the St.ite, and in alioli'^hing the ex|)ort.iiion of 
slaves thence ; comniis-. to fix the bouuilary- 
line between N J. and NY. in 1827-9 ; col.ejt- 
orol ihc Port of Penh Amboy IS29-32 ; M.C 
1833-7; memlier ol the State Const. Conv. in 
1844; vice prcs of (he X.J. Hi-l. Soc. from its 
formation 10 the death of Jud;;e Hornbiower, 
and prvs. from that time uniil his death. He 
gave to Riitgeis Coll. ihc land al New Brnns- 
wii k on which its buildings arc erected. 

Parker, Joel, LL.l).(nartni. 1837; II.U. 
1848). jurist, b. Jaft'rey. X.II., Jan. 25, 1795. 
Dartm. Coll. 1811. He began 10 pnuii-e law 
at Ki-ene in Sept. 1815; memlier N.II le;:isl. 
in 1824-6 ; app. assoc. justice of the Supreme 
Court of N.H. Jan. 8, 18:J3, and chief jnstice 
June 25. 1838; prof of nied. jurispiudciice 
Dartm. Coll. 1847-57 ; chairman of the com- 
miss. to revise tho N.H. laws in Nov. 1840; 
and since Nov. 6, 1847, has been Itoiall pruf. 
of law at II.U. He has pub., exclusive of law- 
reports ami |>crioilical essays, a Clhirge to a 
Grand Jury, including Mcmoirsof Cli.Juslio) 
Win. M. Richanl-on; an Oration U'lo^e ihe 
Phi Beta Kappa of Nil. in 1856; " The Thnv 
Powers of Govern men I," lectures in 1867-9. 
8vo, piiiier; " Progn'ss," an aililrc«s at Han- 
over, N.H., IS46 ; •• Daniel Webster a- a Jn. 
risl," 1853; "Non-Extension of ."slaverv." 
1856; " IVrsonal-lilierlv Laws and Slaverv in 
the Teirilorio, " 8vo, '1861; "The Ui;;ht' of 
Secession." 1861 ; " Hatieas Corpus nnd Mar- 
tial Vmw." 1861 ; " Constitutional Law," 1862; 
" International Law, Case of tho Trent," 1862 ; 
" War-1'owcrs of Congress and of the Presi- 
dent." 18M; "Revolution and Rcvonsinic 
lion." 1866. " His Conflict of Decisions" is 
now (1871 ) in press. 

Parker, Joel, D.D., b. Bethel, Vt., Aug. 
27, 1799. Ham. Coll. 1824. Ord. Pivsb. 
minister 1826; eeltled at Rochester, N.Y., 
1826-30; Dey-su Church 1830-33; at N. Or- 



PAR 



689 



PAJR 



Icnns 1S33-8; Broivtwnv Tabernacle, N. Y., 
1S3S-10; Clintonst. CM'l., l'liil;i., 1842-52; 
Uleckcrst. Ch.. N.V., 1852-4; Fimriliiivemic 
I'lesb Ch. 1854. I'rcs., iind prof, of sncrcd 
rlictoiic, Un.Thco!. Scm., N.Y., I8J0-2. Au- 
thor of "Lectures on Univcrsili.-^ni," 1829; 
" Morals for a Youns Stuilem," 18.32; "Iiivi- 
tatioiis to Trac lliippincss," 1843 ; " Court;.liip 
anil Marriupc," " Reafoniii^is of a Pastor," &c., 
"Notes on 1! Psalms." 1849; "Sermons," 
1'52; "Pastor's Initiatory Caicehisin," 1855. 
Kiliied sermons of John W. Ailaiiis, D.I)., 
wih Memoir, 1851; Burder's Uclig. Cerem. 
uf all Nations. Assoc, editor of Prrsb. Quar. 
R,.riew. — Ali;bone. 

Parker, Nathan, D.D. (Box^d. Coll. 
1«23). Con^'. minister, 1). Readinj;, Ms., Juno 
5. 1782; d. Portsmouth, Nov. 8, 1833. Il.U. 
181)3. He spent one year in teaching; at U or- 
cester, Ms.; studied tlieologv ; in IS05 was 
app. tutor in Bowd. Coll. ; was settled in 
Portsmouth, .Sept. 14, 1808; and in 1833 Rev. 
Andrew P. Pcahody was ord his colleague; 
when llie division of the Con^j. body in N E. 
into two parties was rero^-nized, be took part 
as a professed Unitarian. Henry Ware, jnn., 
pull, a vol. of his sermons with a .Memoir, 1835. 

Parker, Sib Peter, a British adm., b. 
1716; d. 1811. Son of Adm. Chriitopher 
Parl;er. lie became a post-capt. in 1747; and 
in 1 775, in " The Brisrol," of 50 guns, proceeded 
with a S()uadron under liis com. to co-oixrato 
wi:h G n. Clinton in the att, ck of Charleston, 
S.C. Arriving' at Cape Fear in May, on .June 
28, 1 776, he made an i nsueeessful attack on Fort 
Jlonltrie, rcsuliinj; in f;reat loss and dama'.'e 
to his fleet, and to the abandonment of the 
enterprise. For his bravery in this alliiir he 
r ceiv'.d the honor of kniijhthood. lie aided 
Lord IIowc in the capture of New York, and 
com. the squadron which took possession of 
R. L in the lattir p.art of 1776. He held the 
clii f com. on the .Iain .iea station in 1777-82 ; 
w;is made a bart. 20 Dec. 1782; s.ibser|uently 
became com. in chief at Portsmouth ; M.P. for 
Maldon ; admiral of the Wliif ; and on the 
death of Lord Howe, as the old(^st admiral in 
the navy, he became admiral of th<; II ct. His 
grindion Sib Petbr (b. 1736) distinj;. him- 
scl f a^ capt. of " The Menelaus," friraV' ; and in 
1S14 sailed up the ChvS:ipeakc to destroy an 
Am-r. eamp at Bcllair. lie landed his men, 
and LMllantIv attacked the Am ricans, but was 
killed in the"alTair 30 Aug. 1814. 

Parker, Col. Rich-vud, Revol. officer of 
V\. ; d. at tiie 8ie;^e of Charleston, S.C, 24 
Apr. 1730 ; e.ipt. 2d Va. Regt. 24 Jan. 1775 ; 
alti rwar 1 col. 8ih Va. Regt. 

Parker, Riciiai!D E., jurist, of Va., b. 
1777 ; d. Nov. 1840 ; member of the h. of dele- 
KVti's; many year* a jud'_'e of the Gen. and 
Circuit Conrts of Va., aKo of the Supreme 
Court of Appeals; and ia 1836-7 U.S. senator. 

Parker, RiCHAiiD (JuEEN.b. Boston, 1798. 
Il.U. 1317. Son of Bishop Samuel. After 
teaching in various placi-s, he was master of a 
grammar-school in Boston in 1827-53, and of 
a girl's school in 185.3-8. Among his many 
school text-books are " Aids to Eng. Composi- 
tion," 1846; "Natural Philosophy," 1837; 
and with J. M. Watson, " National Series of 



Ri-aders and Spilbrs ; " also author of Hut 
of the Grammar-Sibool in E. Parish, Rox- 
bury, 18-6 ; " Tribute to the Life and Charac- 
ter of Jonas ChickiTing," 12rao, 1854. 

Parker, Samuel, D.D., Prot.-Epi.scopaI 
bishop of the easfill dioee-se (consee. 14 S^pt. 
1301), b Portsmoiuh, N.H., Aug. 23, 1744 ; d. 
Dec. 6, 1804. H.U. 1764. Son of Wm. (1703- 
81), judge of the Superior Court of N.II. 
1771-6. lie was 9 years a teacher; v.as in 
1773 assist, rector of Trinity Church, Bos- 
t<Jn ; was ord. by the bishop of London in Feb. 
1774; and 2 Nov following he entered upon 
the discharge of his duties. During the R "VOl. 
many of the Epis. clergy withdirw to Nova 
Scotia ; but Mr. Parker retained his jiost. In 
1779 he was elected rector of the parish, an 
office which he held until his death. liis son 
Rev. Benj. Clark Cltleh (Il.U. 1822, b. 
Boston, June 0, 1796, d. N.Y. City, Jan. 28, 
1859; ord. prist, May 17, 1826) preached in 
various places, and finally took charge of ilie 
" Floating Cha))el for Seamen " in New York, 
where he labored 15 years with ability and 
fid<'lity. 

Parker, Rev. Samcel, clergyman and 
author, b. Ashtield, N.IL, Apr. 2."t, 1779; d. 
Ithaca, N.Y., Mar. 24, 1866. Dartm. Coll. 
1806 ; And. Scm. 1810. He was a .missionary 
in Western N.Y. until ord. minist r of Dauby 
in 1812; disin. 1827; settled at Apuiin, N.Yl, 
18.30-2; one year pastor at Midd.eiicld, lis. ; 
and afterward resided at Ithaca. lie pub. 
" E.xploring Tour beyond thi; Ro.ky Moun- 
tains in 1835-7," made under the direction of 
the A.B.C.F.M. He claimed to be t!ie first to 
suggest the ]iossibility of a railroad through the 
Rocky Mountains to the Pacific. — Alumn'- L>. C. 

Parker, Theodore, Unitarian clergyman 
and author, b. LixiuL-ton, Ms., Aug. 2!, 1810; 
d. Florence, Italy, May 10, 1860. M.A. of 
H.U. 1840. His grandfather, Capt. .lohn, com- 
manded the company of minute-meu at L' ;c- 
ington who were fired upon by the Cri^i-h 
troops, Apr. 19, 1775. Theodore inherited fro .1 
his );ar(nt3 an earnest r.nd thoughtful lui^ij. 
At 10 he beg:m to ft-.idy Larin; at 11 Greek; 
and inetaphysies — the pursuit of his life — .it 
12. His memory was so retentive, that he 
could repeat whole volnmes of poetry. B'forc 
tiie age of 10 he knew all the shrubs and ir'-es 
of Ms. He studied at Lexington Acid, in 
1827 ; taught school in the winter of lS_7-3; 
entered Ilarv. Coll. in 1830, b-.-.t did not gr.id- 
nate ; taught school in Boston and Wa'ertowii ; 
in l''34-7 studied divinity at Cambridge; 
was settled over the Unitarian Society ut Writ 
Roxburyin June, 1837. In May, ls41, in hij 
sermon at the ordination of Rev. C. C. Sh.iek- 
forl of South Boston, he first ut". red tho>c 
sentiments which led to the theol. controver- 
sies that marked the active years of bis life, 
promine'nt among which was the assumption 
of the humanity and natural inspiration of 
Christ. In the autumn of 1841 he delivered 
in Boiton 5 lectures, which formed a vol. en- 
titled " A Discouisc of Matters jiertainin'.' to 
Religion," 1842. In Se[it. 1.''43 he vi i:ed 
Europe. Was invit<!d to preach in Bostbn. Fib. 
16, 1845; and Feb. 16, 1S46, became minis'er 
of the 28th Cong. Society in Boston, which, ill 



TAR 



6;iO 



Nov. 1852, oocnpied for the first time the (jreat 
Miii^ic Hall, which w..8 orowilt-d every Sunday. 
Stran'jtrs crim'- from every part of th? conntrj-, 
otlrac'i'd liy his fame. Jan. IS.'iD, an .^ttack of 
Mc (ling nt the Ulnars t. riiiinnied hi.s pulilic 
s.'nices. Ho saiKd for Santa Cm/., Fe!i. 3; 
whcnc, in May, he sent a letter to UU parish, 
entitl il "Thi!o<lorc Parker's Experience as a 
Jlinister." From that i>land he saih-d to 
Eiiro;K>, spent some time in Switz rl.ind, and 
went to Rome, where he pit.escd th ■ winter of 
I-^Sg. S ttinc out thence in April, I860, he 
withditliciiltv re.iched Florence, where he died. 
He viirorousfy oppis d the Mexican war, and 
w.TS one of the earliest ailvoeatcs 01 temperance 
and JintLslavery, writing and 8|«akin:^ miieh, 
for the latter cause especially. After the pas- 
sage of the fujiitive-slave law in 1850, he l>e- 
cinie widely known as its unconiprouiising 
opponent. His sympathy wa^ so marked at the 
niidition of Anthony Bums, in Jan. 1 854, as to 
cause his indictment in the U.S. Court. The 
indictment was quashed ; hut Mr. Parker had 
pr pared an elaborate defence, which was 
printed. He bf'queathed his valuaMe librarv of 
13,000 volumes to the Public Library of Bo.*- 
ton. He pul). in 1852 "Sermons on Thiism, 
Atli' ism, and Popular Theolo;,'y ; " "Mis- 
ccllon.ons Writin-rs," 12uio, 1843; "Occa- 
sional Sermons and Sp<'iihes," 2 vols. 12mo, 
18.52; "Additional Speeches and Addresses," 
2 vols. 12mo, 1855; "Trial of Theodore Par- 
ker forth- Misdemeanor of a Spei'cli inFaneuil 
Hall it^ain;t Ividnappinjr," 1855. In mldition 
to these he wrote for the Dlii/, liuslon Qmirlcrli/ 
Jit^iriVf Cltristian Rr-tjistf^, Cfin'atitin /Crtittiitia' ; 
edited the Ms. Qnarii Hi/ (mm 1847 to 1850, and 
was also actively enfrau'ed as a lecturer. His 
" Life and Correspondence," by John Weiss, 
was pub. X.Y., 2 vols. 8vo, 1864'. A complete 
edition of his works, edited by Frances Power 
Cobiie, was pub. Lond. 12 vols. 18C-3-5. lie 
was plain, outspoken, and uneompromising in 
t!ie utterance of Ids convictions, but in the 
inti rcourse of private life exhibited an almost 
femiiiine gentleness and afieclionaten -ss. He 
\\\ a remarkable for the ex'raordiuary extent 
and precision of his knowb dge. 

Parker, Thomas, first minister of Xcw- 
bnry, .Ms., from 1635 to his d. A]ir. 24, 1677, b. 
June •*, 131)5. lie studied some tiine at Oxford, 
and in Ir. land undir Dr. Usher, receiving his 
degree of M.A. while at Ijcyden in 1617. lie 
tatr.'bt and preached in Xewluiry, Eng. ; cam',' 
to N.E. in May, 1634; wiis co-pastor with Mr. 
Ward of Ipswich about a year; and then liegan 
the settleuunt of Newbury, Ms. A bitter con- 
trov.-rsy on i hurch govt., lastiug for years, un- 
happily I'.ividcd his church. He was eminent 
for learniuL' and |ii'-ty. lie pub. a Ix-tter to a 
member of the Wcstminst.r Assemblv on 
C:inrch Govt., 1644; and "The ProphcvL 9 of 
Daniel Cxiwundcd," 4lo, 1646; " Mcthoilus 
flriiliir /'/cinf," 1657 ; anA"Tliisr> tie Tro- 
durtioni" Pfcrntorit ad MUim," with some works 
of Dr. Ames. 

Parker, Ges. Thomas, b. Frederick Co., 
Vii. ; d. there 24 Jan. 1820. A capt. in Ihc 
Hcviil. nrniv ; app. lieut.-ciil. com. 8ih Int. 8 
J.in. 1700:'cnl. 12lh Iiif 12 .Mar. 1812; brig.- 
^a. U..-5.A. 1S13-I4. 



Parkinson, TiiriiARD, of Doncnstcr, Eng., 
ami !iulis<'qiieiitly o( Onmge Hill, iie.ir Ba!li- 
mure. Sometime in tlic employ of Wasliingioii 
as iigricuiturist at Mount Vcinon. Pub. " The 
Experienced Fanner," 2 vols. Lond. 1798; 
" A Tour in America 1798-1 800," 2 voU. 8vo, 
I8U5; " Management of a Farm in Irulund," 
8vo, 1806 ; " Breeding ami Maunuf meiK of 
Live Siixk," 2 vols. 8vo, 1809; "Sur>cyor 
UutlaniMiire," 18(19; " View of the Agricull. 
of Ilnnlingiloushirc," 1811, 8vo. — AUIIkuu: 

Parkinson, William, Baptist di\inc, b. 
Frederick Co.. Mil.. 1774; d. 1848. Author 
of " Public Ministry of the Word," 1818; 
Sermons on Dcui. .xxxii., 2 vols. 8vo, 1831. — 
Sprnifnt-'fi Atimi/s. 

Parkman, Ebekezer, first ininister of 
We-ii>orou-li, .Ms., from (Jet. 28, 1724, 10 bis 
d. Dee. 9, 1782; b. Boston, Sept. 5, 1703. 
II. U. 1721. A short aoouut of WestlMitjie.:!! 
by him is in " Ms. Hist. Colls." He pub. " Ue- 
formersand Intercessors," 1752; " Conventmn 
Sermon," 17ril. 

Parkman, Francis, D.D. (H.U. 1834). 
n Unitarian iniitister, b. Boston. J.ine 4, 
1788 ; d. there Nov. 12, 1852. H.U. 1807. H.- 
studied tbeobigv uiuler Dr. William E. ("han- 
niiu' and at tlij U.of E.iinburgh. Old. Dec. ^. 
1813; from 1813 to 1849 lie wis p.istor nf 
(he New N.inh Church in llosti,.i. He pub. 
"Tlic Offering of Symp.iihy." 1829, and 
some occasional sermons and aildrcsscs. 'llie 
Parkman professorship of puliiit eloquence a:»l 
piisioral care in the Camb. Tlieol. hchool uas 
founded by his mnnitjceucc; ami he took an 
active pun in nearly all the most iiU|<oiiui.t 
cbaritalile institutions of his native ciiy. 

Parkman, Fr.kxiis, author, b. "llo-tnii, 

Sept. 16, 1823. H.U. 1844. Son ot Itiv. 
Francis. He vi>ited Europe in 1844; niid iD 
1846 made a journey ai ross the prairie-, and 
explored the fiocky .Mouniaiiis. An aceoiiiit 
of this expedition was given in a series of ar- 
ticles in the Knkh rlmLvr Ma;/., ciilltcicd and 
pub. under the title of "The Caliiorniu ami 
Oregon Trail," N.Y. 1849. He has also pub. 
a " History of the C mspiracy of Poniilic," 
Boston, 1831; "Vassal .Morton," u novel; 
" France ami England in X. Amcr.," 2 vid--. 
186.3-7 : " Discovery of tlie Great West," 18u9. 
M. Parkman lalwij under the serious disadvae- 
taue of ail affecliou of the eyes, which oHeu 
render- hini wholly unable to read or wriie. 

ParriS, .Vimos Klitu. gov. of .Me. ill 
1821-6; b. .\uliiirn, .Me., Jan. 19, 178S; d. 
Portland, .Me., Feb. 11, 1837. Damn. C-.ll. 
1801".. Sou of Saiiiucl. a 1{> vol ufliccr; m v- 
eial years judge of the C.C.P., and im mlicr i.l 
thelcgisl.of Me.; d. Washington, D.t ., Sept. 
10, 1847, a. 92. The sou «as cnga;;ed in farm- 
ing until the age ot 14 ; was adm. 10 the bur 
in Scpl 18l'9, and located liimseif at Pari>, 
.Me; ill 1811 he was county atty. ; and )L(.'. 
1 8 1 .3-19. after scrvingone year as ivpreseiiluii 1 c, 
and one as senator in llic Mas.«aeliii.s\'iis lc;:is- 
latiire; in 1818 ap|K)iutnl judge ol the U.S. 
District Court, at which time lie riinoved to 
Portland; in 1819 he was a meuilicr ol the 
Convcliiion, and of the coinmiliee lor formiiiL' 
a State const. ; wa> in 1820 a;. p. jiid.;e of 
probate lor Cumberland Co. ; was U.S. senator 



691 



1S26-8; in 1828-36 a jii<1p:e of the Supreme 
Cuuit 1.1 Mc. ; and in 18:JG-50 was a conip- 
tnil LI- ot the U.S. treasury. He retired to 
ruilliind in 1850, and was mayor of tlie citv 
in \>^b.>. 

Parris, S.vmcel, first minister of Danvers, 
Ms., from Nov. 19, 1689, to June, 1696, h. Lon- 
don, 1653 ; d. ISudjury, Ms.. 27 Feb. 1720. He 
stiiilicd at H.U., but liid not f;rad. At first a 
nicreliant in Boston, afterward a minister. Tlic 
iSalera witchiraft commenced in liis family in 
1692. Hisdau.,and liis niece Alii^ail Williams, 
a;:ed 11, accused Tituba (a Souili-Amer. slave), 
Ii\ inj; as a servant in the family, of bewitching' 
tlieui. Mr. Parris beat her, and compelled her 
to confess herself a witch. John, Tituba's 
husband, for his own safety turned accu.<er of 
others. 19 were huri};, and (Jyles Cory pressed 
to death. The delusion lasted 16 months. As 
Mr. I'arris had been a zealous prosecutor, his 
church in Apr. 1693 brought charges aL'ain-t 
him. He acknowled^red his error, and was 
disnussed. After preachini^ two or three vears 
at Slow, he removed to Concord, and preached 
6 months in Dunstable in 1711. — See Life of 
Panis b>i S. P. Fowler {nad to Essex List'.), 
Svo, 1857. 

Farrish, Edwakd, b. Phila. 1822. Prin- 
cipal of the School of Practical Pharmacy, 
Phila., and rince 1S64 prof, of materia niedica 
there. Son of Joseph, M.D. Has contrib. to 
th' Journal of Phaniiaci/, and pub. " Introd. to 
Practical Pharmacy," 8vo, 1856 ; " The Phan- 
tom Bouquet," 1863; " Essay on Education in 
the Soc, of Friends," 1866. 

Parrish, Joseph, M.D., phvsieian, b. 
Phil.i. Sept. 2, 1779; d. Mar. 18, 1840. M.D. 
U. of Pa. 1 8 1 6. He was brought up a Quaker. 
Studied langua<;es, and afterwaril medicine ; 
was a resident physician in the Phila. Yellow- 
.(ever Hospital ; in 1806-12 was one of the phy- 
sicians of the Phila. Dispensary; in 1806-22 
suri:con to the Phila. Almshouse; in 1816-29 
snr;.'eon to the Pa. Hospital ; and, from 1835 to 
his death, consultin;; physician to the Phila. 
Di-jiensary. He was an active member of va- 
rious pbilanthropic or benevolent institutions ; 
was a contrib. [o the periodical journals of his 
profession, and rcpub. " Lawrence on Hernia," 
with an Appendix. His son Isaac (1811-52), 
:il.-o eminent as a physician, pub. " Memoir of 
J. C. Otto, M.D.," and many papers in medical 
journals. 

Parrott, Ekoch G., commodore U.S.N., 
h.Porismouth,N.H.,Dec. 10, 1814. Midshipm. 
Dec. 10, 1831 ; licut. Sept. 8, 1841 ; com. Apr. 
l^6\; capt. Julv 25, 1866; eomino. 1870. 
Enua;.'ed und(^r Com. PeiTy in the operations 
against B'raly, W. coa.st of Afiiea, Dee. 1843 ; 
in the fii;iate " Congress;" and with Fremont 
at the capture of Guayraas and Mazailan during 
the Mexican war; with tlie exped. whii-h 
destroyed the Norfolk navy-yard, Apr. 1 86 1 ; in 
brig "Perry" at the capture of the privateer 
" Savannah ; " com. steamer " Augusta " in ea]>- 
ture of Port Royal ; engaged the Confed. rams 
on their sortie from Charleston, .Ian. 13, I. "63; 
com. iron-cind " Canoniciis " in engagement 
with llowlett's battery and the iron-clads on 
Jim'9 Kivcr, June 21, 1864, and in sulisemicnt 
cn^a^'uient there ; com. " Monadnock ' in 



attacks on Fort Fisher, Dec. 1864, and Jau 
1865 ; and present at surrender of Charleston. 

Parry, Sik William Edward, arctic 
navigator, b. Bath, Eng., Dec. 10, 1790; d. 
Ems, July 7, 1855. He enttred the British 
navy in 1803 ; from 1813 to 1817 was attached 
to the X.A. station ; witli the boats of the 
"La Ilogue" (74), in the spring of 1814 he 
ascended the Ct. River alxjut 20 miles, and 
destroyed 27 privateers and other vessels ; and 
in 1318 joined Sir John Ross's exped. as a 
lieut. lie commanded in 1S19 a second exped., 
in which he crossed the meridian at 110° W., 
lat. 74° 44' 20", and became entitled to the 
reward of £5,000 oll'ered by parliament for 
reaching thus far west within the arctic circle. 
L^pon liis return in 1820 he was promoted 'o 
coinmauder; and was knighted in 1329. Ho 
made another exped. in 1821-3 ; and in a third, 
in 1326, attained by boats and sledges the lat. 
of 82° 45', — the nvarest point to the north pole 
that had been r .ached. In 1852 he became ivar- 
adm. of the White, and in 1353 lieut.-gov. of 
Greenwich Hosiatal. He pub. narratives of 
his voyages. 

Parsons, .Jon-athax, minister of Newburv- 
port, Ms., from 1746 to his d. Julv 19, 1778 ; b. 
W. Springfield, Ms., Nov. 30, 1705. Y.C. 1729. 
Gramlsou of Benjamin, who settled in Spring- 
field ab. 1635. drd. at Lyme in March, 1731, 
and continued there until 1745. lie posses.^ed 
great oratorical powers, was a powerful rcasoner, 
an eminent scholar, and was skilled in Xiatin, 
Greek, and Hebrew. Besides occasional ser- 
mons, he pub. in 2 vols. Svo, 17fO, "Sixty 
Sermons on Various Subjects;" "Letters in 
the Christian Hist.," 1741; "On Baptism," 
1770; "Lectures on Justification," 1743. — 
Sprague. 

Parsons, Gex. Momroe M., b. Va. ISIO; 
killed near Camargo, Mexico, Aug. 17, IS65, 
in a fight between the liberals and impcrialis'.'. 
Removing early in life to Cole Co.," Mo., he 
practised law; held olfice as a Deni. politician; 
was atty.-gen. of Mo. in 1853-7, and m inli.r 
of the State senate subsequently; in the M. x. 
war he was a capt. in Doniphan's monn ej 
regt., and was disling. in the battle of Sacra- 
mento. Acting in concert with Gov. C. F. J.ick- 
son at the outset of the Rebellion, he was app. 
brig.-gen. C.S.A., and was active in organizing 
the State miitia ; he was present at the skinni.h 
at Booneville; afterward raised a brigade of 
mounted men, with whom he sencd at 
Carthage, Springfield, Pea Ridge, and il<.- 
whcre ; and, being promoted to the coin, of a 
division, seiTcd under Price to the ind of t!i" 
war, excepting in the last invasion of Mo. in 
1864. After the surrender of Kivby Smitli, he 
went with some followers to Mexico, and joined 
the forces of Juarez. 

Parsons, Samuel Holdex, maj.-gen. 
R<-vol. army, h. Lyme, Ct., M.ay 14, 1737; 
drowned in tlie rapids of the Big Beaver Riv. r, 
O., Nov. 17, 1789. H.U. 1756. Son of Rev. 
Jonathan. He studied law at Lyme, in the 
olHie of his uncle. Gov. Matthew Griwo'd; 
was adm. to the bar in 1759 ; settled at Lyme ; 
was el cted representative to the Assembly i:i 
1762, and succes>ively for 13 session;) ; in 1774 
he receiv.d the app. of king's atty., and ro 



602 



T'AR 



niDVid J New London ; he wa« one of the 
com. of corresp. ; in 1775 he wiv« app. col. of 
the 6ih Ct. Kegt. ; was oi the gi>j:.' ol' Boston 
iiU'! tile battle (if Lon^r Island ; made liriv:.->:en. 
In Con;;ress, All}.'. 9, 1776, and maj -gen. Uet. 
i^i, I7S0; in 1779 he succerded lien. I'ntnani 
in the com. of the Ct. line ; and, at the closi' of 
the war, resumed practice in Middletown. In 
I'fb he was app. hy C'linirres n comniiss. to 
ta-3t with the Indians at 5ii;iiiii ; was an active 
i.K inlK-r of the conv. of Ct. in .Jan. 1 7C8 which 
la'.i.ied the U.S. Consiituiion ; was app. I>y 
Washington tirst jnd^' of the X. W. lerr. ; 
a:id was in 1789 ap.i. by Ct. a coinmi-s. to 
treit "ith the Wvandottcs and other Indian 
tribes on Like tri.- for extiniiuishinj; the 
a!>original title to the Ct. We,-iem l{eser\c. 
t;eii. Par ons went eariv in 17^7, with others, 
to the Xonh-west, and setth-U on or near the 
l>hio River. He pub. a iwjKr on the Anti- 
ijiii.les of the We.-teni States in " Trans. Amer. 
Ac id.," vol. 2. 

Parlous, TiiEopniLis, LL.D. (II.U. 
ISOl), an eminent jurist, b. Bvlield, Ms., 24 
I-\K. \:M; d. Boston, 30 Get'. 181.1. II.U. 
1:G9. Son of Rev. .Moses. In 1774 he was 
aj.n. to the Portland bar, and kept the (rram- 
uiar-scbool there. Ujwn the de,-itruc;ion of 
the town in Oct. 1775, he a>tunud to Bj-tield, 
where he enjoyed the intercoiii's<.'of thceinineot 
Jnrist Trowbridge; In 1777 he le^an practice 
ill Xewliiiry|jort ; and was a delegate to the 
State convention at Ipswich to consider the 
sul joct of a St ite consiituiion. His dr.iught, 
sli^jiitly modiricd, and known as the "Essex 
Re-tilt," contains the principles incorporated 
iu the l>est constitutions of govt, in our 
republic. In 1 780 he was one of the franiers of 
the State constitution, and one of the ablest 
iu that body. Removing to Boston in 1800, 
h • was engaged in most cases of magnitude 
until made chief justice of Ms. in 1806; in 
17 8 he was the powerful and zealous advo.ate 
of the U.S. Constitution, to which he proposed 
cen.iin am.'ndmcnts. In U-gal knowl.tlge he 
was among the first of his time ; and theaceura- 
cy of his reasoning, and his |.rofonnd knowledge 
of the law, statutes, and consiitutiotis of the 
country, are shown in the 6 vols, of Rep<^irts 
embracing his deiisions ; he Wiis versed also iu 
e'.H.S'ieal literature and inathi'uiaiieal science; 
posse~-ed a wonderful memory, and was a 
ti.niMe and powerful sjieaker; he was no K'SS 
remarkable for his wit than for his legal attain- 
iiienis. His pub. opinions were so highly 
esie nieil, that a coUeciion of them was pub. 
iu N'.Y. in 1836, entitled " Commentaries on 
AiiKT. Law." — See ,\Iemnir ly hia :>vii, 12nio, 
1S59. 

Parsons, Theopiiilus, LL.D. (M.U. 

18l.'|. son •■( the pncetling, h. Xewbnrv|>ort, 
Ms.. .May 17, 1797. II.U. 1815. He studied 
l.iw Willi Judge Win Prescott, and practised 
in Taunton, nnd alierwarl in Boston. For 
some years he eontrib. to the A'. A. Itevitic; 
wrote occasionally for the Amfricfin AVciVir of 
Phila., and for the Frtt Pms and XE. liai'aTit, 
newspiipcrs ; and founded ami edited the L'.S. 
I.i:iniiy tiazeltf. He bus written two vols, of 
.•s-:ii# nnd other simiKer works in exposition 
ol ilie doctrines of the New Jerusalem Church, 



also rontribuiing to U» iicriodical pnblicaiion^ 
Since 1847 he liiis l>cen Uane prof of law in 
the Law School of II.U. ai Cambridge. He 
has pull. '• Law of Contraeis," 2 vols. 1853, 
5th eil. 3 vols. 1804 ; " Kleiiieiils of Mcrcan. 
tileLiiw," 1856; " Laws of Business for Busi- 
ness .Men," 1857; " .Miiriiimc Law," 2 vols. 
18.i9; " Slenioir of Chief Justice Parsons," 
1859 ; " Notes and Bills of Kxchangc," 2 vnls. 
Svo, 1862; "Law of Pnnnership," ISr.:; 
" l>eus Homo," 1867; "Marine Insnrnnce 
and Gen. Average." 2 vols 8v... 1868; " Shi|>- 
piiiiraiid Admiralty," 2 vols. 8vo. 1869. 

Parsons, Thomas Williaii, M.I>., den- 
tist and poet, b. Boston, Aug. 18, 1819. II.U. 
1853. Son of Dr. T. W. He was educal. d 
at the Boston I..alin School; and in l8.'l6-7 
visiieil Italy, where he studied Italian litern- 
iiiie, and tninslated the fir.-t 10 cantos of 
Dante's " Infrriio," pub. in Boston 1843. In 
1854 a vol. of his ixH'ms appeiired conialnliig 
" Ohrtio lit It'oimi,' and oilier pieturis nf life 
in Italy, togeilur with pieces on Anierienn 
subjects. His tninslation of the " Inferno " was 
pnb. Boston, 1857, 4to. His friends in 1867 
printed privately a vol. of his poems entitled 
"The Magnolia." He has contrib. to the 
CtilaTij, Allnnlic Montlily, &c. 

Parsons, Usheb. Sl.D., iihvsician, b. Al- 
fred, .Me., Aug. 18, 1788; d. Piovidence, R I., 
Dec. 19, 18C8. He sludii-d un<ler Dr. John 
Warren. Entering the navy as surgeon's mate 
in 1812, he was aeiliig surgeon of "The 
Lawrence," Perry's flagship, at the battle of 
Lake Erie, Sept. 10, 1813. He served in 1814 
on the Upper Lakes, and was at ihc aiiack on 
Mackinac, but resigned after 10 years' service 
in the navy, and praciised medicine and snr- 
gerv in Providence, R.I. He received degrees 
from H.U. 1818. Dartiii. 1821, aed from Brown 
in 1825. He was a prof in Brown ami oiler 
colleges ; pres. of the R. I. Med. Soc. ; fir^t 
V. P. of the National .Med. Assoc. Author nf 
srverul medical works, and of a " Lile of Sir 
Win. Pepperiell," 1856. He also pub. a s|R'Cch 
at Putin Bay, Sept. 10, 185S, on the 45th an- 
niv. of the liaiilc of Lake Erie, ami a number 
of biog. sketches and speeches in pamphlet 
lorm. and paiiei's in perioilieals. 

Farton, James, auibor, b. Canterburv, 
Eiig., Fell. 9. 1822. At the aiie of 5 he was 
brought lo New York, and at 19 taii'.dit in an 
aead. at White Plains, where he bad twen edu- 
cated. He afterward taught in Phila. and 
New York ; and was 3 years on the literary 
stalf of the llomr ./oiimij. His " Life of 
Iloiaci- Greeley "ap|>cared in 1855, ol " Aaron 
Burr" in 1857, and of "Andrew Jackson," 
3 vols. Svo, in 18.59-60; all of which met with 
great success. In 1856 he pub. acoibction of 
" Humorous Poetry of l)ie English Liin:.'nagc 
from Chaucer to Saxe." He pub. in 1864 a 
Bio;:rapliv of Franklin. 2 vols. ; " Gen. But- 
ler in New Orleans," 1863 ; " Life of J. J. A«- 
tor," Svo, 1865; "Manual for the Insinietiun 
of Rings, Railroad and Political," 1866; 
"How New York City is Governc<l," 1866; 
" Famous Americans," 1867 ; " People's Book 
of Bio;;raphv," Svo, 1868; "Smoking nnd 
Drinking," 1 868 ; " Topicsof the Time ; " " The 
Danish Islands," 1869. Contrib. loX.A. lie 



P.A-R 



693 



p^x 



view, Atlantic Monllili/, &c. He is a brilliant 
nriier and a successlul k-cturer. Hu m. Sara 
Pavson Willis (" Fanny Fern ") in 1856. 

taxton, Saba Payson ("Fannv Fern "), 
b. Porlland, Me., July 7, 1811. Sisier of N. 
P. Willis. Uer father Nathaniel removed 
with his family to Boston when she was 6 
vears old. She was educated in a school at 
Hartford tauirht by Catharine and Harriet 
Beecher ; and in 1834 m. Charles Eldrid|;c of 
Boston, ufion whose death in 1846 she was 
thrown upon her own resourci;s to provide for 
herself and two children. She was subsequent- 
ly m. to Mr. Farrington, a merchant of Bos- 
ton; but their union was of brief duration. 
Not succeeding in obtaining employmcni in 
teaching or in other vocations, she in 1851 as- 
sumed the pen for a livelihood. Her first 
essay proved successful, and was followed by 
others, which were widely copied, until the 
pseudonyme of " Fanny Fern " was familiar 
in all parts of the U.S. These pieces were 
pub. ill 1853 under the title of "Fern-Leaves," 
of which 70,000 copies were sold ; and were 
followed by her " Little Ferns," 1853; " Fern- 
Leaves," 2d series, 1854; " Rnth Hall," 
" Hose Clark," " Fresh Leaves," 1857 ; " Fol- 
ly as it Flies," 12mo, 1868; and the "Play- 
day Book," — some of which have been re- 
pub, in Eng. and elsewhere. The " Life and 
Beauties of Fanny Fern " was pub. Lond. 
1855. Her chief employment since 1854 has 
been in writing for the N.Y. LeiJi/er. Soon 
after commencing her literary career, she went 
to Xew York ; and was m. to James Parton, 
the author, in Jan. 1856. 

Partridge, Aloes, milit. instructor, b. 
Norwich, Vt., 1785; d. there 16 Jan. 1854. 
West Point, 1806; Dartm. Coll. 1812. As- 
sist, prof, of math. W. P. Nov. 1806 ; prof, 
of math. Apr.-Sept. 1813; of eng. Sept. 
1813; capt. engr. corps 23 Julv, 1810; and 
supt. W. P. Acad. Sept. 1812-Apr. 1S18. 
Principal of exploring survey under the 5th 
article, Treaty of Ghent. Established in 1820, 
in Norwich, Vt., a milit. acad., incorp. in 
1 S34 as the Sorw. U., of which he was pres. ; 
and founded milit. schools in Portsinnuth, 
Va. (1840), Beading, Pa. (1850), and in Peru- 
broke, N.H. He lectured on milit. affairs in 
the large cities ; was a lueinber of the Vt. 
legisl. in 1833, '34, and '39 ; and was surv.-gen. 
of Vt. in 1832. Author of " An E-\iursion," 
1822; Letters on Ekiucation, and on National 
Defence ; Journal of a Tour of Cadets, &c., 
Svo, 1827. 

Partridge, Geobge, Revol. patriot, b. 

Duxbur\-, Sis., Feb. 8, 1740; d. there Julv 7, 
1828. H. U. 1762. He studied divinity,'but 
never preached ; and was some years a teacher 
at Kingston, Sis. He was a delegate to the 
Prov. Congress 1774-5, in which he was very 
active; was a State representative 1775-9; 
a delegate to the Cont. Congress 1779-82 and 
178.3-5; SI.C. 1789-91; and shcriflT of Plym- 
outh Co. 1780 and several years following. 
He iKqueatlu-d a large part of his estate for re- 
ligious and educational uses. 

Partridge, Oliver, member of the first 
ColunLil Conjrress in 1765, b. Hatfield, Ms., 
13 June, 1712 ; d. there July 21, 1792. Y. C 



1730. His ancestor Wm., an early settlci 
on the Ct. River, came from Berwick-on-Twecd, 
and died in Hadlcy. 

Pasealis, Feli.xA. OcviiRE, SLD., phy- 
sician, b. France ab. 1750; d. New York, July 
27, 1833. After completing his medical educa- 
tion, he established him.'*lf in practice in St. 
Domingo. After the insurrection of the blacks 
there, in 1793, he resided in Phila., and subse- 
quently, for near -30 years, in New York. His 
obsenations on the yellow-fever at Cadiz in 
1805 produc-ed in him a conviction that the di»- 
ease was not contagious : this resiJt was maJe 
known to the public in the M'diail Itijuysii'/rj, 
a journal which he eilited jointlv with Drs. 
SlitchcU and Aekerly, and to which he was a 
frequent contrib. lii 1798 he pub. an Account 
of the Contagious and Epidemic Yellow-Fever 
in Phila. in 1797; in 1812 an essay on syplii- 
lidc diseases; and in 1829 "Instructions for 
Silk-worm Nurseries, and Culture of the Sliil- 
berry-Trec." 

Paschall, Nathaniel, editor, b. Knox- 
ville, Teun., April 4, 1S02; d. St. Louis, Dec. 
12. 1S66. He went to St. Louis an orphan in 
1814, and apprenticed himself to Joseph Char- 
less of the Mo. Ga:xitc : in 1 827 he started 
with Edward Charless, the son of his patron, 
the Missouri Hf/iul/liain, of which, with the ex- 
ception of 1843, when clerk of St. Louis Coun- 
ty, he was editor and half-owner till he died. 
He was master of a terse and vigorous style. 
His paper, while conspicuous for its ability, 
advocated slavery, and opposed the Republican 
party. 

Passaconaway (Papi8seconewa),the 

Merrimack sachem, and the great sagamore of 
Pamunkog, or Pennacof>k ; d. 1663-9 at a very 
great age. He held control over the tribes of 
Southern N.H. and a portion of Sis., and was 
at the head of a [jowerfnl confederacy whvn the 
whites first settliil the country. May -17. 1629, 
he conveyed to Jolm Wheelwright and his asso- 
ciates at Squainscut (now Exeter) the tract 
of land extending from the Pi^cataqiia to tl'.e 
SIcrriinack westwanl. and from the line of Ms. 
30 miles north. In 164* he invited the Indi.in 
apostle Eliot to take iij) his atodc near his tril>e, 
so that they might lie taught Christianity, at the 
same time a\ owing his belief in God. He was 
sagacious and cunning, and had a great reputa- 
tion as a pow^vow, or sorcerer. At a great dance 
and feast in 1660 he'm.ade his farewell speech 
to his people, and e.xhorred them to live in peace 
with the English, as he had tried his arts as a 
powwow au^ainst them in vain. — C. E. Pollfr 
in /-'annrr's Monllili/ IV.iiVoi-, Feb. 1852. 

Passmore, Rev. Joseph C, D.D., b. 
Lancaster, Pa., 1818; d. Racine, Wis.. 12 Ang. 
1866. Ord. deacon P. E. Cb. 184?: priest 
1843. In 1844-62 prof, of mental philos. and 
polit. econ. in St. James's Coll., Sid.; after- 
ward at Racine until his death. Author of 
" Footprints, or Fugitive Poems," Phila. 1843. 
Editor of Bp. Butler's " Ethical Discourses," 
Phila. 1855. 

Patrick, Gen-. SIarsena R., b. Jefferson 
Co., N.Y.. Slar. 15, 1811. West Point. 1835. 
Joining the 2d Inf., he became 1st licut. in 
1839 ; capt. 22 Aug. 1847 ; brev. ra.ii. io 
1 849 " for meritorious conduct in Slexico ; ' 



PAT 



004 



TAT 



ivsijniinj; 30 June, 1850, he ivtirvil lo liL« 
t'ann : iintl in I85y-6I «ns pn-s. of llio >>ijito 
Ayric. Coll. Wlion civil wiir l.roko out. In- 
was mudu ins|>.-^in. of llio N. Y. niiliiia ; 
bri^'.-pen. vols Miin-h 17, IS62: in Div. hi- 
com. a liri^mlc in Dowblwliij's Jivi>i<>ii, 1st 
annv corps, vviih vvliicli lie Kxik |>uri in tlic luit- 
tlc of Aniictam ; iii-ov.-niiir.-;.'cii. .Vrmv of the 
Potomac Oct. It»i'i2, to 17 Mar. 18li5: rv- 
si^-iinl lL>.Iiinc, ICii") ; iii>-s. N. Y. Asiric. .Soc. 
simv 14 Tcli. 18C7. Ki'siiUu at Geneva, N.Y'. 

' '■iiilllH. 

Patten, fiEOROK W., lieul.^ol. U.S.A.. b. 
Ne»|ioii. U. I , iJJOJi. Brown U. 182."i. West 
I'oint. 18.W. Son of Dr. Wni. of Newport. 
I.ieiit. 18;iO; cnpl. 18 June, 1S46: bn'v. niiij. 
lor ualianiry nt Cerro IJorilo, where he lost 
\\\y haiiil, Is'Apr. 1847 ; niaj. 9th Int. 3U Apr. 
1861 ; lieiit. col. Sd Inf. 7 Jane, 1802: n-iire.I 
17 Feb. 1864. Author of " Arniv .Manual." 
ISC'l; "Tactics and Drill for InV., Art., and 
Cav.."3vols. 1861-3; "Voii-csof the Border; " 
" Piieins," 1867. He has eonlrib. inanv poetical 
pieces to perio<licals. 

Patten, M.vj. JtuiN. Revol. offii-er, b. Kent 
To,. IK!.; d. Dover. June, 1801. a. .V5. He 
fou;:lit iu nearly every battle from I.. I. to Cam- 
den ; was a nuinU-r of the Old Conjjress in 
178."i-6. and M.C. 1792-,> and 179.i-7. 

Fatten, tt'n.LiAM. D.D. (B. u. 1807), 

minister of Xewpori 17S6-1834; d. Hartlord, 
Ct., .Mar. 9, 18-19, a 76. Dartm. Coll. 1780. 
Son of IJev. \Vm. He was a distin;;. theolo- 
|;ian, and a kind, benevolent man. He pub. 
bcveral sermons, " Christianity the True The- 
olo^'v," atiainsi Paine. l2aio, 1795; " Kenii- 
ni^cences of Rev. S. HopUins," ISmo. I84.'l; 
"Memoir of Mrs. Huth Patten," 12fno. 1834. 
Ue m. Hannah Harlbut of N. London, who in 
181. ■> set up thclirst rai;};ed school in the U.S., 
at Xe«|)oit : she d. Brooklyn. Aug. 30, 1855, 

a. 86 — />. r. ALnnni. 

Patterson, D.vmel T., capt. U.S.X., h. 

N.V. 1S71; d. Wasbin-ton, D.C.. Aug. 25, 
Is.iS. .Mid-binni. Ang. 20, 1800; aiinehed to 
the lVi';aie " Pliiladelpjiia," Capt. Bainbridge. 
when she ran hikju a iirf off Tri|ioli. and w:is 
taken by a flotilla of giuilionts. and remained 
u prisoner in Tn'iioli until 1805. Uient. Jan. 
24. 1807; master com. July 24, 1813; capt. 
Keb. 28, 1815; navy commiss l828-'(2; and 
com a .squad, in the Mod^ternmcan in 1832-5. 
Ill IS 1 4 he com. the U.S. naval forces at New 
Orleans, anil co-operated so ably with Hen. 
Jack'iin ill the defence of that city, that he re- 
ciivid I lie thanks of Congress. 

Patterson, John, hrig.-gen. Revol. army, 

b. New Uriiaiu, Ct.. 1744 ; d. I.islc. Broome 
Co, N.y , Jnly 19, 180S Y.C. 1762 He 
laui'ht st'huol, ami was a practising atiy. and 
justii-e of the pence in New Uiitnin. He 
movni to Lenox. Ms., in 1774. His father. 
Maj. John, d. of yellow-lever nt the taking of 
Havana. Sept. 5, 1702. a. 54. He was a mem- 
ber of the lir>t IVov. Conirre-is of Ms. in 1774, 
and of the second in 177.'>. The news of the 
battle of Lexington reactieil Berk-hire at noon 
the next day, anil, at sunrise the lollowiiii: morn- 
ing'. Patterson's regt. of minute-men was on 
the way to Cambridge, where it was employed 
■u tlic erection of the first rciluubt thrown np 



on the lines nh. Boston ; after the eraruaiion 
of Billion, Col Patterson was ordered to Cana- 
d I, and a (lart of his ix-gt. was engaged in thi! 
di-a>trous battle of the Cedars; alter th'- re 
treat from Canada, the regl. joined Wiuhinj- 
lon just in time to take part iu the Itaitles of 
Tivhton nnd Priiiceto'i ; Keb. 21, 1777. Col. 
Paiierson was app. a brig-gen., and atiached 
to the northern dept. A part of his brigade 
wa» at the battle of Stillwater, in which severe 
e>intliet berenden'd mijiortant 8«-rvice ; pn'seni 
at ibe surrender of Burgoyne and at the battle 
of Monmouth; he reinuined in service iiniil 
the close of ihe war. During Shiiys's Reliellion 
in 1786. Gen. Patterson hiiidid a detai hinent 
of the Berkshire militia or-lere<l out for iis sup- 
pression. After the Uevol. he removed to Lisle, 
where he was chief juntieeol the Co. Court ; 4 
years memlierof the N.Y. legisl. ; tnenilxr of 
"tlie X.Y. Const. Conv. of 1801; and M.C in 
1 80.3-5. 

Patterson, RoBtRT, LL.n., b. in nonh 
of Ireland, May 30. 174.3; d. Phila. July 22, 
1824. He cuine lo Phila. in 1768. B<^-ninu 
principal of the aead. al Wllinini.'ion. Del., in 
1774; was a brigade iniij. in the Reiol. war; 
prof, of inatlieinatics, U. of Pa., in 1779-1814. 
and some time vii-e-provost. In 180.'> Ic w .s 
made dirwtor U.S. mint; from 1819. till bis 
death, he was pres. of the Amer. Pliilos. So^-., 
to whose " Trau.sactions " lie was a fnijuent con- 
trib. He nub. " The Newtonian Svsteni." 8vo, 
1808; "Treatise on Arithmetic,'' 1819 ; nnd 
edited Ferguson's " Mc<-hanies," 2 voN. (ivo, 
1806; bis " Astronomv," 8vo. 1809; John 
\V. lister's •• Nat. Philos.,'" 1808 ; Swing's " Nat. 
Philos., with Biog. Skctcli," 8vo, 180'J. A 
rei-onl of the families of RoIkti Paiterson 
(the elder) was priv. printed, 1847. 

Patterson, Col. Kouekt. b. Pa. 1753 ; 
d. near Dayton. <>.. An:;. 5, 1827. He eniig. 
lo Ky. iu 1775. In 1804 he seltleil near Day- 
ton. t>. Oriirinal proprietor of Ix'xin:rion, 
Ky., and one-third owner of Cincinnati when 
it'waslaiil out. Ue was in Col. Clarke's 111. 
cain|i:iii:ii in 1778; in Bowman's ex[ie<l. again»t 
old Chillicoihc in 1779; capt. in Clarke's cx- 
|x-d. a<;ainst the Sliawnees in Aug. 1780; sec- 
ond in com. to C'ol. Boone (Aug. 19, 1782) nt 
tlie battle of the Lower Blue Licks; •■%>{. in 
Clarke's second expeil. into the Miami country, 
Sept. 1782; nnd eol. in 1786 in Logan s expid. 
agiiiii-t the Sliawnees. 

Patterson, Gkn. Rudert. b. Co. Tjrone, 
Indaiid. Jan. 12. 1792. Ue caine while young 
to the U.S.. and was placed with a merebant 
of Phila. Ue received n collegiate e<lueation, 
and early manifeste<l military predili-etion-. 
Capt. 32d Inf. Apr. 1814. Ki-'turning to com- 
mercial life, be liecame largely engagvtl in 
manuls.. andow ned seveml mills. At the U-^in- 
ning of the Mexican war. in 1S46. be wa- made 
a inaj.-gen. of vols. Ue i-om. his divi-ioii at 
Cerro Gonio ; led the cavalry and mlvancej 
brigades iu the pursuit ; and tlic next morning 
eniereil and ;ook Jali|Ht. receiving the thanks 
of Gen. Scott. He coin, the 3-ino.*. Pa. vols. 
ill 1861 ; was assignol to a niilit. dept colli- 
|K>»wl of the States ol Pa., Del., and Mil., an I 
the Dist. of Col ; and crosseil the Poiomnc, 
June 15, nt \Villianis|>ort. When Gen. Mo- 



P^T 



G95 



FAJJ 



Oowc'.l ;iilvanccil into Vii., Pattei>on wns in- 
stnicieii to leiiiniii at \Vincli(!sii.'r to liolj in 
clicik the Mipcrioi' forces of Gen. J. E. John- 
>to:i. His lailuie toilo tlii^, in coiisecpienee of 
wliii'li.Ioliiision, re-enfbrein;,'IJeaure^«ri|iin the 
ri. 1.1 < f linll Uuii, July 21, (lave the vicioiy to 
the Confederates, cxiioseil liim to severe criti- 
li-m ; anil he was diselmr^od from the service, 
July 27, ISGl. lie pub. in 18G.') '• A Xar- 
iiaiivc of the Canipaiu'ii in the Valley ol the 
Sh namloali in 1861," in vinilieaticm of his 
eoiHliirt. 

Patterson, Robkkt M., M.l)., pres. of 
iIk' A.iiir. I'liiios. Soeietv lS49-.Vi. h. I'hila. ; 
.1. tiiero Sept. .■>, 1854, a."68. U. of I'a. 1804. 
ii.l). 1808. Son of Holiert, director U.S. Mint. 
Kduiated as a chemist under Sir Humphry 
Davy ; returned home in 1812 ; was soon after 
elected ]irof of nat. philos., chemistry, ami math, 
in the U. of Phila. ; prof, in the U. of Va'. in 
1S28-.-).'; ilirector of the U.S. Mint, I'hila., 
1 8.').")-5'i. lie was elected a incmher of the 
I'liilo-. Society iu 1809 ; was a nio>t active par- 
ticipant in its lalHjrs, and contrih. lar^clv to 
i:s •• I'roceedin-s." Hedelivercd, .May 2.1, 184!, 
while its vicc-pres., " A Discourse on the ICarly 
History of the Amer. I'hilos. Society ; " and au 
address lielbre the Franklin institute, 8vo., 
ltii:t. — l),„/,ii„rlc. 

Patterson, Thom.^.s H., capt. U.S.N., b. 

La. May Id, 1819. Midship. Apr. 5,1836; 
lieut. June2, 1849; com. July 16, 1862; capt. 
. Jnly 2.'), 1866. Attached to brig " Oregon," 
survey of Tainpu Bay, 1842-4; coast survey 
1844-8 ; com. steam-gunboat" Chocura." N.A. 
B. sqiuid., 1862 ; in constant co-operation with 
Army of the Potomac; in steamer "James 
Ad.;cr," 1862-5; cut out steamer "Kate" 
froii the hatleries at New Inlet, N.C., July .31, 
IS'l.i; participated in the capture of a Hying 
hatlcrv near Fort Fisher, Aug. 2.'), 186.') ; cap- 
tured ■" The Cornubia " and " The R. K. Lee," 
both filled with arms and stores for the Confed. 
aruiv; com. steam-sloop "Brooklyn," Hagsliip 
Brazil scpiad., 186.5-7. — ILuiursl'ii. 

Patterson, Willum, LL D. (H.U. isor.), 

statcMuai and jurist, b. at sea, of Irish parents, 
in 1745 ; d. Albany, Sept. 9, 1806. X. J. Coll. 
1763. He studied law, and was adni. to the 
liar iu 1769 ; was a member of the first X. J. 
Const. Conv. in 1776; in 1776-86 was atty.- 
^en.of the State; was U.S. senator in 1789- 
yo, having previously been a member of the 
cunveaiion which formed the Federal Constitu- 
tion; gov. ofX. J. iu 1791-4; judgeof the U.S. 
Snineinc Court from 1794 to his death. In 
17'.>8-y he revised, by autliority of the legisl., 
the laws of N.J. 

Patti, AdICI.ISA (AdELE Ju.VN.V M.IRIA), 

vocali-1, b. Madrid, Spain, Apr. 9, 184.3. Her 
fuller Salvator was a tenor of some repute; 
iiud her mother. Mad. Barilli Parti, a prima 
dunna. The family camo to the US. in 1844. 
At the age of 9, Adele made a lour in the 
British Provinces with Sirakosch and Ole 
Bull, singing popular opera music. Mar. 3, 
l'*.")4, she made her d€bul at Jullien's concert, 
N.Y. ; she soon after made a c<mcert-tour to 
the \V. Indies with Gottschalk the pianist. 
Nov. 24, 1859, she app. us Lucia at the N.V. 
'Acad, of Music, an I saved the season and the 



managers from ruin. First a]>p. in the Ital. 
Opera House, London, 14 Mav, 1861. July 
29, 1868, she ni. the Marquis de"Cau.\. 

Patti, Carlotta, sister of Adele, b. Flor- 
ence, 1.S40 ; made her Ji'biil in concert in X. V. 
First app. there in opera at t!ic Acad, in Aug. 
1862. Apr. 16, 1863, she app. at the Iialiin 
Opera House, Loudon. The Queen of Fug. 
sai<l to her, " Never in my lite has any sir.gcr 
6o charmed and pleaseil me." She»ase(iually 
suceo.ssful iu Paris and on the Continent. She 
returned to the U.S. iu Sept. 1869, and ap- 
peared at Steiuvvay Hall in c.mcert. Her e.-;.-- 
cution is wonderful ; and her voice, a beauiilnl 
liigh soprano, has a compass of over two 
ociiives. 

Fattison, Granville Shaupe, M.l)., 
ninitoinist, b. Glasgow, 1791 ; d N.Y. Xov. 12, 
1851. F.ducati'd at Glasgow, he commenced 
hiscarecrasalecturerat lln' Andorsonian Inst. ; 
he then einig. to Amer., and was for somo 
years prof of anatomy in the .Med. Coll. of 
Baltimore. .Subseipiently he returned to Eu- 
rope, and became the fir-t prof, of anatomy in 
the Loud. U. ; but a few years later he agaii 
visited Amer. ; was app. prof of anatomy in 
the Jetr. Med. Coll. of Phila. ; and iu l;-;40", on 
the opening of the U. of N.Y., was ajip. lo a 
similar chair in that institution, where he re- 
mained until his death. He piili. a Iransiaiiou 
of Masse's "Anatomical Atlas;" au edition 
of duvi'lhier's " Anatomy," 8vo ; papers in 
the M'd. ftet'oidrr, and some pamphlets. 

Pattison, Gen. James, a British olfiecr, 
b. 1724 ; d. Loud. Mar. 1, 1S05. Capt. of art. 
Aug. 1, 1747; lieut.-col. 1 761 ; coI.com. of art. 
Apr. 25, 1777; maj.-gcn. Feb. 19, 1779; lieut.- 
gen. Sept. 28, 1787 ; gen. .Ian. 26, 1797 ; a; p. 
adjt.-gen. in America, Jidy II, 177G ; sent homo 
with despatches after the battle of jloiimou h. 
He accomp. the cxped. against Cbarle.ston in 
1780, and com. at New York after iIk- cajiture 
of tliat ci'.y. 

Pattison, Robert Everett, D.D. (B.U. 
1838), clergvman and teacher, b. Benson. Vi., 
Aug. 19, l'"00. Amh. Coll. Is26. Tutor in 
Col. Coll., D.C. ; orJ. as a Baptist niinist r .'.t 
Salem in Sept. 1829; and in Mar. 10.30 sett!. d 
as pastor of the First Baptist Church in Prov- 
idence R.I. ; he was afterward |):of., and in 
1836-40 pres., of Wat.rvi le Coll., Mc. Re- 
suming his pastoral charge at Providence, ho 
was elected .a corrcsp. sec. of th- Board of 
Foreign Mission - in 1 843 ; and in 1 ^146-8 he w. s 

fres. and iirof. of theology of the Baptist Thcol. 
nst. at Covington, Ky. ; he was a prof in the 
Newton Theol. Sem., Ms., in 1^4^-53; w.is 
again for a few year.- pres. of Watcrville Coll. ; 
was subsequently at the head of the Or.ad Fe- 
male Inst, at Worcester, Ms.; now (1^71) prof, 
in the Chicago Coll. Brsides coutrilaitions to 
periodicals, ami adilrcssis, he lia-s pub. a " Com- 
raintarvon th" Efii.stl' to the Ephesians," 1859; 
"Euloiy on Rev. J. Chaplin, D.D ." 1S41. 

Paul, (iAimiEL Ren':, brig.-gcn. L^.S.A., 
b. Mo. West Point, 1834. Entering' the 7ih 
Inf., he became let lieur. Oct. 26, 1836; ca;,t. 
Apr. 19, 1846 ; disting. himself in the Florida 
war in 1 842, and at Cerro Gordo ami Con'reras ; 
w.is brev. maj. for gallantry at Cha|)ultep'C, 
Scot. 13, 1847; became maj" 8th Inf. Apr. iO 



696 



PAY 



IS6I ; lii<Qt.-col. Anr. £5, IMS; col. Uth Inf. 
S^'pt. 13, 1864 ; rvtire.1, with rank of hri'-.-pcn., 
J* .Ink. h-*66. He .■xtiihiieil (;rvat pillaniry 
in cxp^ linn 'he ConI' (iprntc^ U\im Now M^'xit'O 
in 1 6I-i; wan ina<lc lirii; -j^'n. vols. S'pt. 5, 
1862; cni^i^'dat FrvdiTickslmn;, Chancvllors- 
villo, anil a' Gctivshurp, whoro lie was m-wti'Iv 
wound'il, and dopriviil of tlie si^rlit of both 
eyes; It'V. bri;;.-;." n. U.S.A. for In'tty.-burj;. 

' FauldtDg, llic.vu, r-arsidm L'.'s.X., b. 
WijUhc-urCo , N.Y., IXc. 1 1. 1797. Son of 
John, one of the capiurs of Andr.-. Midsliipm. 
S' pt. I, l.''ll, a-.id was in Com. Maolunou^-h's 
victory on Lake Ciiivaplaiu, for wliich 8er\ic<j 
he roci'ivi'd a sworJ troni Conirrvss. Lieut. 
Apr. 27, 1S16; nvu^icr com. Feb 9, l"^37; 
and .a.ronipaui d Porter in his ex|)cJ. against 
the \V. India pirati; in 18j3 ; ait^.ined the rank 
of cant. l\h. 29, 18 W ; and, in com of "The 
Vinci uni s," cniisctl 3 years in the \V. Indies. 
In 1 Sj7, while lommandinn the liomv' squadron, 
h> br.ike up au LXjicd. a;:iiinst Nicaragua, 
headed by lion William Walker, who siir- 
r.-ndcn.\I with hi"! follower-. who wercilisartmxl, 
and S'ut to the U S. In Pec 1 SCO, Xieara^ua 
ptV'Sented him with a sword, and al-o olfepcd a 
tract of land (which latter, howcwr, the U.S. 
scnat- did not allow him to ^vx^ive), for ihc 
ini]iortaiii ^eTiv■e ho had rend n-d the republic. 
H." pub a "Jonnialof a Cruise among the 
L-lands of the Paeilic," X.Y. 1 31. He was 
m.ide a re.ar-adm. on the ix'tircd list 21 Dev. 
I<G1 ; com. N.Y. n-.iTv-yard 1S62-5. and ren- 
d-rcd priat e r\ieo in prepariiif: shijs lor the 
diifen'nt Minadrons, titling andiipiip]iinj: them 
expcdi'iously and cfliei^ntly, and also in the 
protection of puMic proiicrty th.re durin;: the 
d':itt riotsofl863. Gov. Phila. Xaval.iVsvluin 
lSo6. 

Paulding, J.vmes Kirke, author and 
politician, b Untchess Co ,X.V.,22 Ani;. 1779; 

. llyd • Park, X Y , 5 Apr. 1860. His father, 



an active !?■ vol. patriot, a mciiilK-r of the first 
com. of s;ifcty in \Vcs;chcstcrCo.. subsequently 
commiss.-;^u. of X.Y. Cont troops, retired 
from 8er\"icc a rr.ined man. povt. n.fiisinjr to 
red-era his p'-i-di^s, and he was imprisoned. 
Jam' s, n. moving in early lite to X Y. City, 
b-came, by the marri:i!ie of liis sister to Wni. 
Irving, ncquaint><l with Washin::ion Ir>nn:.', 
wi'h whom he ln"_'an in 1807 "Saliiia-jundi," 
which proved hi.;!ily popular Hi^ piunphlet, 
"The US and K.nirlann," introduced him to 
the jiolitical aivn.'\, and to the notice of Pre?. 
Mruiisin. In 1814 he was made sec. of the 
Ixkird of navy coinmiss. : was sulisi'qucntiy for 
12 ye.irs navy ain-nt at X Y ; and was sc-c of 
the" navy in 1819-41 He wa-< an eleptnt and 
fic'.o essayist, and cxivlUd in humorous 
s-itir«' " Anion-; his works arv " The Divcrt- 
ins Hist of .lohn Hull and Bro. Jonathan." 
1912 ; -.lohn Buil in America," IS24 ; " Lc:- 
t n imm the South." 1815: " The BackwHxls- 
m.n." a jioem, I8I8; "Sketch of Old Eng- 
land by a X En? M:in," 12ino, 1822; " Ko- 
ni:r-inark ; " " Thr.-** Wiso Men of (kithani," 
1826; " Dntchman's Firesid-;" "Westward 
Ho : " " Lite of Wa-hinpon," 1 835 ; " Slaverv 
in the U.S.," 1836; "The Old Continental;'' 
"The Painter and his Hau^-hter; " and with 
his son, William I. Paulding, a vol. of Amcr. 



Plays, 1847. He contrib. to the pcriodicab of 
the day. St'Venil of his works have k-cn 
tr.insl.itt.^i, and pub abrwhl. — .S<r Lit. Life of 
hif /. .< .S«i ll'in. / , 12mo, 1867. 

Paulding, J<m\, one of the captors of 
Andre, b. I75.s; d Siaaisliup^, N.Y'-.VeU H, 
1818. Three times a | ri-oner dnrin^ the war; 
he cscajied th-- sccoml lime 4 day - belorv Anilrc 
was taken; the thir<l time he was relcisi-d by 
the p-:ico. Pauldiu^, Van Wart, oad Willlims 
r*ct.ive<l from Con-.;n9s a silver nu-dal, inM.-rihi.-d 
on one side " lidelitv," and on the o:lii r 
" Viitcd Amor Piitrift^' also an annuity of 
S200. Anuirblenionunieui wasin I827er\.ct d 
to his memory in the churchyard mar IVoksLill 
yi!la;.'e by the cor] oration of Xcw York. 

Pauw, CoiiNtLirs i>K. sonieiiiiKS cnlKd 
Nieulao, a IJuich hist, nriier, l>. Atn^.lcrtlani, 
1739; d. X.iiiten, 1799. He w.is edncuiiil nt 
Goliinj^-n ; wa- for a lime c^iuon of Xanten in 
the Uucliy of C'leves, and previously reader to 
Frvderick II. of Prussia. He was' a man of 
gn-ai learniiii:, ami pub. " tifdtnxhrs sur trs 
Aiii^rictiiiit," 8vo, 1770, Berlin, tollowcd by a 
defence of ihc same. 

Paxton, Charles, lovalist; d. Xurfolk 
Co., Kuif., .Mar. 1788, a. 84.' One of ihc mo-j 
active ami eftieient of the a;:cnts of ihe erowii 
in su^;;esiin!; and eairyin^ oui the measures 
which bronchi on the Kevol. In 17C9 he and 
his a>SM'i.ites were ]>o$teil in ihc Ltuaio/, Ua- 
:etle by James Otis. I his cartl cau>cd the as- 
sault by Kobinson, rc.suliin:; in injuiics nhich. 
deprived Otis of reason. Paxton was the head 
of the coinmis>ions of customs at Bo>ton, nml, 
tlion;.'h a man of fiiiisheil |m) itcne-s and eiiur- 
tcous manners, was excceilin:;ly obnoxi.ius. 
He maile Ircqucnt visits i» Enj., ami was in 
the coiilitlence of llie mini-ler I'bnrlcs Towns- 
bend, and was one of the writers of the f;imous 
letters sent home by Franklin in 1773. Ue 
went to Em;, in 1776; was proscrilied, ban- 
ished, iind his cstulc confiw.-aleil. — SnOine. 

Paxton, El!sii\ Fr,vsklis, hri;:.-;:cn. 
C.S.A., b. Kockhridp.' Co.. Va.. Mar. 4, 1828 ; 
killctl at the liatile ol' CImneellorsvile, Va.. 
M..y2. 1863. Y.C. 1847. He was educated 
at the Va. .Milil. Acad, at I^xin:;ton. He was 
prcs. of a blink in Lynchliur;; when the Kelwl- 
lion broke out, and shortly after com. a Va. 
resit. "Stonewall" Jnckson, who was stroni;- 
ly atlachetl to him, made him his adj.-<;cn.,anil, 
when promoieil to com. an army cor|is, ob- 
tiiined for him the ^raile of bri^.-yen. and the 
coin, of llie •• Stonewall Bricttde." He served 
ai Aniieiam, Frvilcrieksbuv^, and Ch^iiici Mors- 
vi:ie, !ind was kilKtl on the Siimc evening nn 
which J;ickson was mortullv wounded. — W. 
AVr. Yal^ <\JI. 

Paxton, JosKfii Ri'PERT, b. 1827. U. of 

P:i Meini<-r of ihe Pa. bar; in U.S. mi. it. 
serviec 186I-.5. Author of "Jewelry and ihc 
Precious Stones," 8vo, 1856 : ir.inpliii'on into 
Fraieli ot " Uevericsof a Bachelor; " dramatic 
ver-ions of I)icken»'« stories for the Pliila. 
llienirvs; tninsliiloi ol French plms; and con- 
irili. lo |>i-rio<lica|s. I'.dili-d the lliairn, 1854- 
5. anil piih. in 1856 Xolt's tran-lniion of the 
I pith.'il.imiiitn of Johiiniies Sccimdus. 

Pajrne, Col. Duval, b. Fairf.ix Co., Va., 
1764; d. Ma.-4>n Co., Ky., 2! June, 1830. A 



697 



PKA. 



soldier of tie Revol., after which ho m. a dan. 
ot M.ij Ilii;;h lireiit of Pr. Win. Co., and in 
17>'J soiilid on a farm near Lexin^'ton, Ky. 
Ho served under Uen. C. Seoit in the Indian 
eain|Kd;.'ii ol 1 79 1, and eoin. a batt. of cav,, and 
WMS disiing. at the battle of the Thames,. 5 Oct. 
IS .3 

Payne, John Howard, actor and drama- 
li-t. Ii. New York, June 9, 1792; d. Tunis, 
Africa, Apr. 10, 18.52. His preeoeity was won- 
derful. At 1.1, while clerk in a eountinfr-huuse, 
he edited a weekly paper, llie Tlnsiiian Mirror; 
in 1807 he pub. 2:> Nos. of n periodical called 
the Pasliiiif: Feb. 26, 1809, he made a hi-hly 
siicecssfiil Mml at the Park Theatre as Young 
Korval ; he next appeared in Boston, and in 
the loilowin;; spring plaved Hamlet and other 
leading parts in New Vork ; in 1812-13 he 
played snecesslully at Drury Lane, also in Ire- 
lanil and in the provincial theatres. While in 
London, he produced a host of dramas, chiefly 
adaptations Iroin the French, in one of which, 
" Clari, or the Maid of Milan," occurs his fa- 
mous soni; of " Home, Sweet Home," which 
made the fortunes of all concerned except the 
author. In 182G-7 he edit, in Lond. a dramatic 
))aper called the O/fruGltiss. He was acorrcsp. 
of Coleridfie and Charles Lamb. His traj,'edy 
of " Brntns " was succcssftdly produced at 
Drury Lane, Dec. 4, 1818. He returned home 
in Au<;. 18.'J2 ; was a contrib. to the Dcmuc. lie- 
rirw ill 1838; was app. consul to Tunis in 
1841 ; wasrecallcil in 1845, and rc-appointcd in 
I.'*51. An interesting Memoir of Payne, by 
his friend T. S. ¥ay, appeared in the iV. J'. Mir- 
ror in 1832. Also author of " Lisping of the 
Muse," juvenile jjoems, 1815; Account of 
East Hampton in Demor. Review; and a series 
of papers on our Neglected Poets ; the plays 
of Virginius, and Charles the Second. The 
U S. govt, has erected a monument over his 
remains in the cemetery of St. George at Tu- 
nis. 

Payne, Matthew Modntjot, col. 
U.S.A., b Goochland Co., Va. A]>p. lieut. 
20th Inf. March, 1812; capt. March, 1814; 
iiKij. 2(1 Art. Dec. 17, 1836 ; lieut.-col. 4th Art. 
June 27, 1843; acting insp.-gcn. to Gen. Tay- 
lor ; bnv. col. for battles of Palo Alto and R. 
dc la Palma, May 9, 1846, in the latter of 
which he was severely wounded ; col. 2d Art. 
Nov. 11. 1836; gov. "Military Asylum, D.C., 
Njv. I8.'i4-March, 1858; resigned July 23, 
ISGI. He resided in Richmond, and, during 
the H'liellion, avowed his lovaltv to the Union. 

Payson, Kkwabd. I)."]). "(Bowd. I821), 

('erL'vman, b. Kindgc, N. II., July 25, 1783 ; d. 
I'ortUnil, Me., Oct. 22, 1827. Il.U. 1803. He 
had charge of an acad. in Portland 3 years ; 
then studied theology under his father, Rev. 
Seih of Hindge. Licensed to |)rcaeh May 20, 
I8117 ; and Dec. 16 was ord. colleague of tile 
Rev. Mr. Kellogg of the Cong. Church in 
Portland, where he remained until his death. 
He was a man of exalted piety ami unquench- 
alile zeal. His Works, with a Memoir by Asa 
I'limminL"^, D.I)., were pub. in 3 vols. 8vo, 1846. 
Payson, Phillips, D D. (II. U. I800), 
nnniMer of Chelsea, Ms., from Oct 26, 1 757. to 
li;< d Jan II. I«til ; b. Walpole, Ms.. Jan. 18. 
17.16. Il.U. 1704. A descendant of Edward 



of Roxhnry, 1649. He was a zealous patriot 
of the Revol.; disting. as a classical scholar, 
an energetic and pathetic preacher. His tracts 
on ustroii. and nat. philos.ure in the "Trans. of 
the Acad, of Arts and Sciences." He pub. .some 
sermons, among ihcni Battle of Lexington, 
1782 ; Death of Washington, 1800. 

Payson, Setii, D.D. (Dartm. 1809), min- 
ister of Rindge, N.H., from Dec. 4, 1782, to 
his d. Feb. 2G, 1820; b. Walpole, Ms., Sept. 
29, 1758. H.U. 1777. Bro. of Rev. Phillips. 
He pub. " Proofs of Illunnnisni," an abstract 
of Robinson an<l Barrucl, 12mo, 1802; and 
some sermons. — Sj'rtr/ue. 

Peabody, ANDitiiwPRK8TON,D.D. (Il.U. 

1852), LL.I). (Roch. 1863), clergvman and 
scholar, b. Beverly, Ms., Mar. 19, 1811. H.U. 
I82G; tutor 1832-3. He spent 3 years in 
teaching, then studied 3 years at the Camb. 
Divinity School. From Oct. 23, 1833, until 
Sept. 1, 1860, he was settled in the South Parish 
Church of Portsmouth, N.II. lie then becumo 
preacher, and Pluniiner prof, of Christian mor- 
als in H.U. He was for several years a leading 
wiiter for the Ameritart Monl/ili/ and iV. A. 
J/(/f/., and long a princi)>al contrib. to the 
Clirixlian Examiner. For nearly a iiuarter 
of a century he was connected with the A'. ^1. 
Review, which he edited in 1852-61. He has 
pub. more than 100 sermons, orations, tracts, 
&c. ; a vol. of "Lectures on Christian Doc- 
trine," 1844 ; " Scrnionsof Con.solation," 1847 ; 
"Conversation, its Faults and Graces," 1856; 
"Christianity the Religion of Nature," 1864; 
"Sermons for Children," 18G6; "Reniinis- 
cences of European Travel," 18G8; also com- 
piler of a Sunday-school Ilymn-Book. He has 
written Memoirs, and edited the wriiings of 
Rev. Jason Whitman; James Kinnard, jun. ; 
J. W. Foster ; Charles A. Cbcever, M. D. ; 
and Gov. Wm. Pluiner. His review articles 
cover most of the social and educational ques- 
tions of the day, with the discussion of many 
miscellaneous topics. 

Peabody, Klizabkth Palmer, b. Bille- 
rica, Ms., 1804, dun. of Dr. N. Peabody, resided 
at Salem ; in 1822, became a teacher, and sub- 
sequently a bookseller in Boston. Auilior of 
"Records of a School ;" " Spiritual Culture ; " 
"The Present;" " Introd. to Grammar;" 
"First Steps to History;" "Keys to Gre- 
cian and Hebrew History ; " Memorial of Dr. 
Wni. Wessclhocft," 1859 ; translations and pa- 
pers in various jieriodieals ; with her sister Mary 
(Mrs. Horace Mnnn), " Mcn-al Culture of In- 
fancy ; " and " Kindergarten Guide." 18G3. 

Peabody, Ephralm. D.D., Unitarian cler- 
gyman and writer, b. Wilton, N.II., .Mar. 22, 
1807; d. Boston, Nov. 28, 1856. Bowd. Coll. 
1827; D.D. 1848. He studied theology at 
Cambridge; began to preach in 1830 at Mead- 
ville. Pa.; ]ax>aclied 4 years in Cincinnati, and 
in the Federal-st. Church during Dr. (janneti's 
absence in Europe in 1837 ; and was settled in 
New Bedford from May, 1838, to Jan. 18, 1846, 
when he became pastor of King's Chapel, Bos- 
ton. He look the deepest concern in devising 
measnresforthe relief of ihe poor. The Boston 
Provident Society owed its original cstabli.sh- 
ineut lo his'suggcstion and hiselforts. During 
the spring and summer of 18.53 ho travelled 



PBLA. 



G98 



over Europe for the benefit of liw hcniili, nnd 
Bponl ilie winter of 1855-6 in St. Au^iitiinc 
with the KHinc ubjeel. As n preacher, he uns 
In the hiL'hest dejrree impressive. Hi< sermon*, 
wiili n .Memoir, were nub. 8\o. I8i7 ; " Chris- 
tiiin Davsnnil Thouylits," 1858. 

Peabody, GEonot, D.C.L. (Oxon. 1807), 
banker nnd phii;i<ilhr(ipist, h. S. I>anvers, Ms., 
18 Fih. 1795; il Ix>n(l. ■» Ni>v. 1869. At the 
«^c of 1 1 he lieeame a clerk in a (;rocerv -store ; 
in 18I2-1'I he was n clerk in his uneie'i* stoits 
in Geor^-etoivn, D.C. ; he Iiocanic n partner 
niili Kiisha U<e£'< in the cIrr-iroiKis trailc in 
New York, afterward in lialtiniore ; and in 
July, 184'i, established himself in lyondon as a 
banker, his houi>e becoming the headquarters 
of his counirjincn in that city. His hcnclac- 
tiiins were nuiiiurous, and were on a princely 
scale. Ill I8.'>2 he pave to hid native town 
820,IX>() towards founding an institute, lywum, 
nnd library, alierward increasinirit toS2ix),000. 
Ilecontrih. $10,1100 to thctirst Grinnell exped. 
to the Arx-tic ( )i-can ; and in 1 857 pive «.'iiH>,0()0 
to found an institute of science, literature, and 
the fine arts, in Baltimore, which he subse- 
quently increased to 81,400.0iK). For the bene- 
tit of the poor of Loudon he gave in 1862 
£500,000 ; in recocnition of which the Queen 
presented Mr. I'eabody with her portrait, the 
city of Loudon gave hitn its freedom in a 
(^)id box, and the citizens erceteil to his mem- 
ory a line statue. In Oct. 1866 he (;ave to 
ll.U. $150,000 to establish a museum and 
professorship of A mer. archieology and ethnol- 
ogy ; to the Southern Ivlucational Fund, 
created in 1866, ho gave $2,000,000; and to 
found a gcol. branch at Yale Coll., 8150,000. 

Peabody, NATnAs-tEL, physician, soldier, 
and slate-man, b. Topstield, Ms., Mar 1, 1741 ; 
d. Kxeier. June 27, 1823. He studied and prac- 
tised Willi his father, a physician, wlio hud 
removed to Leominster in 1745, and who d. 
there in 1758. He settled at Plaistow, N.H., 
ab. 1761 , ami soon ac(|uired extensive practice. 
He was coniniis. a licut.-col. in 1774. nnd was 
the first roan in N.H. to resign the king's com- 
mission on account of political opinions. In 
Dec. 1774 he was one of the captors of Fort 
William and Marj- at Newcastle. He was 
constantly employed in the Icgisl. in coniinitlecs 
nnd in conventions during the early part of 
the war; nnd was some time chnirman of the 
com. of ^afely and other committees, to whom 
were retrred subjects of the greatest impor- 
tance. App.injuly, 1777,adj.-gcn.of the State 
militia, he served in that capacity in 1779, in 
U.I., unilcr Gen. Whipple; delegate to the 
convention at New Haven, 1779, for regulating 
the price of labor, ninnufnetures, produce, &c., 
nnd tor other purjioses ; delegate to Congress 
in 1779-SO; delegate to the convention, and 
chairman of the cora., to form the State con- 
stitut on in 1 782—3 ; was for .several successive 
years in the legisl. ; councillor; senator; brig - 
gen ; ehairninn of various committees, &c. : 
ii|ienker of the house in I79't; andmai.-gen. of 
militia Iroin 179.1 to 1798. One of the founders 
of the N.H. Med. Society in 1790. During 
several of the last years of his life, he was con- 
fined to the limits of the prison at Exeter for 
dubi. — iV. //. /y/st. ColU. 



Peabodv, Oli vxe Williasi Bocbx, twin- 
bro. of W. \i. ( (., jounialist and clergyman, b. 
Kxeter, N.H., Jnlv9, 1799; d. Burling'lon. Vt. 
Julv 5, 1848. \i.\5. l.«16. He practised law 
in txctor 1 1 years, at the snnic time i diling 
the Iturl-imihii'm (iaztttr Olid Kx-trr Stus-l. tl r, 
and sening in the State hglsl.; and ninovid 
to Boston in IS-^O. ns«isting his bro.-in-law, A. 
H. Even-tt, in cdiiiug the S. A. Hivinr. lie 
was for several years assist, cilitor of thv Eon- 
ton /Wi/ .Ulfrtl»r. From 18.36 to 1842 he 
was register of jinihate in Suftblk Co.; in IS42 
he accepted the profissorsbipof Eng. literatnra 
in Jetf. Coll., L^., hoping to n pair hi» aliatti n d 
health by a residence in a niildrclimate. Fail- 
ing in this, he n-tumed to Boston, where in 
1845 he w.ts licensed to pn^ch by the Unitarian 
A-ssoc. He soon after liecaiiie the minister of 
a cong. in Burlington, Vt. Both brothers wi ro 
men of eminent natural endo«inent, of rijio 
scholarship, of gentle and allectionati' t*-mpers. 
He edited Shnks]>ean', 7 vols. 8vo, Bo.ston, 
1844 ; contrib. to Goodrich's " Toki n ; " also 
Lives (if Putnam and Sullivan to Spark-'s 
" American Biography." 

Peabody, William Bochv Oliver, 
D.l). (H.r. 1842), Unitariiin clergvman, b. 
Exeter, N.H., Julv 9, 1 799 ; d. Spring'li.-ld, ALs., 
May 28, 1847. ' H.V. 1816. Son of Judge 
Oliver, nnd, wirh his twiii-bro. O. W. B., v.ris 
cdiieared nt Philli|i9 Acad, and at ll.U. Wm. 
stuili'-d theology at Cambridge; and in 1820 
wxsekttled over the new Unii.soi-icty in Spring- 
field, where ho ministeri'd to the close of his 
life. He was an aeeompli.shed iKUcft-h'ttn^ 
scholar nnd ])oet. Contrib. to the.V. .1. / r- 
viiic, among other artiele.s, the revi< w of An- 
duton's niiigniticent work, l«c-iil.' contrib. to 
the ( 'liristiaii /Crriminer. Ileconirib. to S| aiks's 
Biograi)h. Lives of Alex. Wilson, Cotton 
Math' r, David Brainerd, .lames Ogleihorjc, 
and John Sullivan. In 1837, Gov. Everett se- 
lect e<l Dr. IVaUxly to pre-pare a Report on the 
Birils of ALs. After his death, a vol. of his ?, r- 
moiis was pub., togeth<T with a Memoir of his 
life by his bro. Oliver; nnd in 1850 hi- Litirary 
Remains were edited l)y his son Col. Evliieit 
Peabody (kille<l at the Iwttle of Shiloh, April 
6,1862,a.3l; II.C1849). The laf.er was made 
col. of 13th. afler«-anUi 25th, Mo. Vols, Sept. 1, 
1861. Before the war, h'- was an engineer and 
constmetor of railroads in the West. 

Pealo, Charlks Wilson, ponrait-pnintcr, 
b. of Eug. i>arent» at Chestertown, Aid., April 
16, 1741 ; >1. Phila. Feb. 22, 1827. He wa» ap- 
prenticed to a saildler; curried on successive y 
the inwles of saddler, hamcss-niaker, silv, r- 
smith, watchmaker, and carver; nnd aft' r- 
wixrds, as n revivation from his so<lentar>- prac- 
tice of portrait-painting, iH-cnine a sj ortsnian, 
naturalist, and pn'server of animal- ; made 
liim-<'lf a violin and guitar; invented and exe- 
CHt d a v.iriety of machines ; and w;w the first 
dentist in the country that made sots of enamel 
t<eth. At the ag»' of 26 he obtaini-d instnir- 
tion in painting from Hessoliiis. andnftenvnrds 
frtjni Coplev in Bo-ton. By fri.'ndlv aid ho 
was cnableii in 1770-1 to study in the Royal 
Acad, at Ixmdon und r the dinx-tion of West. 
In 1772 he painnnl thi- fir-t |iiciiir>> of Wash- 



ington us 



> pamti'd till- tir-t |iiciiir>' ot " asn- 
a Va. col ; on his rutum he opened 



PEA 



699 



I»E!C 



a pictTiie-ga'.lery in Phila., and was for ali. 15 
> ears tln' only portrait-painttr in X. A. Diir- 
iiig the war lie was oftun employed in confiden- 
tial seniecs, and at Trenton and Gerniantown 
headed a company which lie had raised. He 
represenred Phila. in the State lesi^l. in 1777. 
He painted the portraits of many disiinj:. Revol. 
olfteer- ; ojiened the fir t ninscuni in the eoun- 
trv, ior which he pruciir 'd almost .".n entire 
skeleton of the inamniotli ; and was the first to 
lecinre on the interesting ami now jiopularsub- 
j ctof nat. hi-lory. Ilewas prominent in the 
early ait.mpts to cstal lish an acad. of the fine 
arts, and, when that of Pa. wa< lonnd' d, he co- 
op'-ratcfl zea'.or.sly, and contrib. to 17 annual 
cxhibi'ion'?. He vmh. an essay on " Bialding 
AVooden Er:d"cs, 8vo, 1797"; "Lectures on 
Nat. His"jrv, 8to, ISOO; "Preservation of 
Health;" '-'Domrstic Happin -ss," 8vo, 181.3; 
"Address to the Corp.of Phila.," 1816; "Econ- 
omy in pncl," in " Trans. Anier. Soc.," v. 320. 
R-VTHAEL, his oldest son, also a painter, d. 
Phila. March, 1825, a. 52. 

Peale, Remisrandt, painter, son of the 
precedins.b. Bucks Co., Pa., Feb. 22, 1778; d. 
Phila. Oct. 3, 1860. llr early eviuc d talent 
as a drau^^htsman, and, having a strong desire 
to paint the portrait of AVashinston, accom- 
p'.ihed his purpose in Sept. 1795. Heestab- 
ji h'd himself as a port.-jjainter in Charleston, 
S.C.iu 1796, and, between 1801 and 1804, stud- 
i il unJer West in London. He next went to 
Palis, where he passed several years, and exe- 
cuted portraits of eminent men for his father's 
mnseniu. Returning to Phila. in 1809, he 
painted many porti-aits, and also two well- 
knov.Ti pictures, the " Roman Daugliter " and 
th " Court of Death." The latter, 24 feet in 
1 ngtli by 13 in breadth, contained 23 figures, 
and, i;y exliihition in tlie chief cities of the U.S., 
brongiit him a large sum of money. During 
t!]C winter of 1859-60 he lectnrrd in the princi- 
pal citii'- on the portraits of Wa^hiniiion. He 
pull. " Ilist. Disqrjs. on the Mammoth," 8vo, 
1803; "Xotcs on Italv," 18J1; "Portfolio of 
an Artist," 1839; "Biog. of C. W. Pcale;" 
'• Rminiscences on Art and Artists ; and a 
small fr.-atise on elementary drawing, entitled 
" Graphics," 1 845. He contrib. to tlic Cincin. 
Lllmi,-i( Gazette in 1824. 

Pearce — See also Peircb and Pierce. 

Pearce, Col. Cromwell, b. Willistomi, 
Pa., Aitg. 13, 1772; d. April 2, 1852. He was 
brought up a farm' r ; was a cajit. of militia in 
1791; 1st licut. 10th Inf. 1799; and col. 16th 
U.S. Inf. in July, 1812. He took a disting. 
part in the capture of York, April 27, 1813; 
and at Chrystler's Field, on the fall of Ms lead- 
er, took the com. In 1816 he became sheritf 
of Chester Co.; and in 1825-39 was associate 
jud ic of the County Court. — Soln C'striiusis. 

Pearce, Ditee .1., lawyer and politician, 
I). Apr. 1789; d. Xewport, H. L, 9 May, 1849. 
Brown U. 1808. A prominent lawyer; served 
in tlie R. I. legisl.; attv.-gen. of K.'I. 1819-25; 
afterward U.S. dist.-attv. ; JLC. 1825-33 and 
1 8;!5-7. 

Pearce, .T.^mes Alfred, LL.D., U.S. sen- 
ator in 184-3-62, h. Alexandria, Va., Dec. 14, 
1805; d. Chcstcrtown, Md., Dec 24, 1862. 
N.J. Coll. 1822. He was bred to the law, but 



was much engaged in agriculture ; was a mem- 
ber of the Md. legisl. in 1831 ; M.C. in 1835-9 
and 1841-3 ; prof of law in Wash. Coll., Clies- 
tvrtown ; and a regent of the Smithsonian Inst. 
In the senate he was an earnest advocate of 
the coast-survey ; and, tliough a inemher of the 
Democratic party, was ardently devoted to the 
pre^er^■ation of the Union. 

Pearson, i:liph.vlet,ll.d. (Y.c. i802), 
b. Niwburv, Ms., JuneU, 1752; d. Greenland, 
X.H., Sept. 12, 1826. H.U. 1773. Prof, of 
Hebrew and Oriental languages at H.U. 1786- 
1806; ord. Sept. 28, 1808; first prof, of sacred 
lit. at And. Theol. Sem. 180S-9. He delivered 
a valuable course of lectims on language at 
Camliridge, where he also lectmvd on gram- 
mar and taught rhetoriL- with great success. 
He pub. some occasional discourses, and a 
Lecture on the death of Pres. Willard, 1804. 

Pearson, George F., rear-ndin. U.SJC., 
b. Exeter, N.II., 1799; d. Portsmouth, N.H., 
June 30, 1867. Midshipm. March 11, 1815; 
lieut. Jan. 13, 1825; com. Sept. 8, 1841 ; capt. 
Sept. 14, 1?55; rear-adm. July 25, 1866; re- 
tiredjuly 16, 1862. In 1837, while at Constan- 
tinople in com. of the U.S. schooner " Shark," 
he was offered by the Sultan the com. of his 
navy, with the rank of adni. and the salary of 
SIO.OOO per annum. Lieut. Pearson promptly 
declined the honor. He disting. himself by 
breaking up the haunts of pirates who infested 
the Gulf of Mexico, seizing and sinking their 
vessels, and clearing our waters effectually of 
those marauders. In 1865-6 he com. the Pa- 
cific squadron. 

Pease, Calvin, D.D. (Mid. Coll. 1855), 
clcr^'vinun, b. Canaan, Ct., Aug. 12, 1813; d. 
Burlington, Vt., Sept. 17, 1863. U. of Vt. 
.1838. He worked on his father's farm in 
Charlotte, Vt., from 1826 to 1832; was princi- 
pal of the Montpelier Acad, in 1838-42 ; prof, 
of Greek and Latin in the Vt. U. 1842-Dec. 
1855, when he became pres. of that institu- 
tion. In Jan 1862 he took charge of the 1st 
Presh. Church. Rochester, N.Y. ; in 1863 he 
became a member of the Amer. Philos. Socie- 
ty. He pub. a " Discourse on the Import and 
Value of the Popular Lecturing of the Day," 
1842; "Classical Studies," in the BiUiothecit 
Sacra, July, 1852 ; " The Distinctive Idea of 
Preaching," 1853; "Characteristics of the 
Eloquence of the Pulpit," 1838 ; "The Idea 
of the N.E. College," 1856 ; and a number of 
occasional sermons 

Pease, Calvin, jurist, b. SuflReld, Ct., 
Sept 9, 1776; d. Warren, O., Sept. 17, I8.'!9. 
He studied law with Gideon Grainger, and, 
after practising in his native State, went to 
Ohio in 1800, He was in' the Ohio legisl.; 
was active in forming the State frovt.; in 1803- 
10 was pies, judge of the C.C.P. ; and in 
1816-30 was judge, and some time chief judiie, 
of the Supreme Court ; State senator in 1812. 

Peaslee, EnMUXDRAXUOLPH, MD. ( Y.C. 
1840), h. Newtown. NH. 1814, D.C, 1836. 
Prof, of anat. and physiol. D.C. 1840-2; of 
anat. and surgery in the Mc. Med. School 
1843-51 ; and of ))hvsiol. and pathologv in 
N.Y. Med. Coll. sinee"l851. Authorof "'Hu- 
man Hi>tology,"&c., 1857. — Allilxme. 

Peck, George, D.D. (Aug. Coll.), clergy- 



PKC 



700 



PED 



man »ml nuilior. b. Au;;. 8, 1797. He cntcre<1 
iLv iniiii>irr ul ihc M.E Chiinli in 1816 ; was 
|)i'inci|ittl of the OniiilnCoiif. Som. in l83i-9 ; 
was in l}>40 npp. iditor of llu- QuiiWei/y lit- 
r/'-(f, iinil III' the books of tbi- Mcih. Book Con- 
rcrn ; iinil i-ilitor ol ihc Clmst. Aili-vcatr and 
Journal in 1848-32. lie bus been a inrmbi-r 
of U snici'ssivucin. i-onfiTiwu-f.*, and repnscnl- 
c«l 4 annual confi'ixnccs. He has pub. " An 
E.\uniiiialion ul l'nivcr-.ali.«ni ; " "The Lives 
of tiie A|)Osilcs and Ivrancilists ;" " Chri>iiun 
Perfiviion ; " " Rule of Taith ; " " Reply to Dr. 
Lectures to Young Men ; " " Karly Meibotlism 
BaM:oni on Slavery ; " " Wyoniinj;, its History 
and Ineidenis," 'l838; "Manly Cbaiuetef, 
in the Genesee Conferenee. from 1*78810 1828," 
1860; "Our Country, its Trials and i'ri- 
umiilis," 12nio, 1865. 

Peck, Gkobge W., editor and author, b. 
Rela.l..,ih, Ms , Dee. 4, 1817 ; d. Boston,. June 
6, l8.-i9. B.C. 1837. His boy hootl was passed 
on his father's farm. Alter t;radnatin^, ho 
was a teaeher at the West ; edited in Cinein- 
naii the Daily Sun, and /Uiiublicaii : next 
studied law in Boston, ami was adin. to the 
bar in 1843. He was tre<|uently a public lec- 
turer; was inu.Mcul and dramatic critic for 
the DvsloH PuU ; in 1845 issued the Boaton 
J/usiVo/ AVfif «• ; was alK'rwai'd connected with 
the N. Y. CouruT and Imfnirer, and Cofton's 
Amtr. litvirir, Literary World. Art Union Bnl- 
Iciin, &c., till Feb. 1853, when he went to 
Auslmlia. He pub. " Mell>ounie and the 
Cbiiieha Islands," N.Y. 1854. At the time of 
his death he was writing an essay on Shak- 
siieare, a part of which was printed in the 
Allaiilir Monthly. — Oiii/ckincl: 

Feck, Oiis. John ^ay. b. Manlius, Onon- 
d:iy;a t"u.. N.V., Jan. 4, 1821. West Point, 
184.'l. Entering the 2d ArL, he served in 
Duncan's battery at Palo Alto, Resaca dc la 
Palnia, and at ilie siege of Montercv ; in 
1847 he joined the army of Scott at V'cra 
Cruz, anil, at the assault of Molino del Rcy, 
larned a captured gun upon the enemy with 
great effect ; for this he was brev. major, hav- 
iiig the previous brev. of capt. for Contrerns 
and Cliurnbusco. Resigning 31 Mar. 1853, 
he settled in Syracuse as a hanker, and was n 
ineiuberof iheDcinoc nat. convs. of 1856 and 
1860. On the brcakingK>ut of the civil war, 
he was made brig.-gen. vols. Aug. 9, 1861, 
and inaj.-gen. July 4,1862; he aei-oinp. his 
bri;;ade lo Yorktuwn vuth the 4th ( Keyes'.-) 
corps ; arririHl w ith rc-enloi-cemenis at tt criti- 
cal period of the battle uf Williamsburg; was 
at the battle of Fair Oaks; and, at the siege of 
Richmond, defended the Chiokahominy k-low 
the niilroad. During the movement from 
Tnrltey Cr»k to Harris«m's Laniling, he com. 
the rear-guard. He was engaged in defence 
of Suffolk, Vh., Apr.-May. 1863; and com. 
and was engaged in iiiniierous skirmishes and 
minor acjious in N.C in 1863-4 ; com on the 
Canada frontier in 1864-5; mustelvd out 24 
Auir. 1865; pre*. N.Y. State Life Ins. Co., 
Svraruse, since 1866. — l.'ullum. 

Peck, John .^Lkf>o^•, D.D. (H.U. 1852), 
Baptist clergnnan and author, b. Litchtielil. 
Ct.. Oct. 31, l"789 ; d. R.xk Spring, III , Marvh 
15, 1858. At the age of 20, though very illite- 



rate, he resolved to devote himself to the minis- 
try. Removing to Greene Co., N.Y. , in 1811, 
he was licensed to preach ; wils onl. at Cats- 
kill in June, 1813; and in 1814 lieeunie jmstor 
of the church in Ainirica, Duchess Co., N.Y. 
He Went to St. Loui- in 1817; wjis for the 
next 9 ver.rs an itinerant in Mo. and III. : or- 
gaiiizA-J the lirst llapl. s<Kicty in St. I^nis in 
1826; and erected the edifice for the Rink 
Spring Si'in., of which lie K-camc principal. In 
Apr. 1 829 he liegan lo pub. the J'ioueir, the first 
Bapt. jiiumal in the \\ est. He Aided in found- 
ing ShurtleffCollegi' in 1835, and subsoiuently 
a thi-ol. sem. in Covington, Ky. He puli. 
" Emigrant's Guide," 1832 ; " Gazi'tti-er of llli- 
noLs." 18.34; "Life of Daniel B«>one," in 
Spai'ks's " Amcr. Biog. ; " and a " ilemoir of 
Father Clark," a Western nri-acher, 1855; ed- 
ited " Annals of the West ; ' and aidt-d in es- 
tablishing hist, societies in the North-western 
Stales and Territories. — Fvtiu Ytari- of Piom:tT 
Lij'r ; Mrnioir of ./. M. f'fci, edited from his 
Journals and Corrtsp. by liiifuM Babcock, Phila. 
12mo, 1864. 

Feck, WiLLiASi Dandridge, prof ofuai. 
hisiorv at H.U. from Mar. 27, 1805, lo his d. 
Oct. 3, 1822 ; b. Boston, May 8. 1763. H U. 
1782. H'! passed some years in a counting- 
houst> in Boston, and then for 20 years devot 
ed himself to the study of natural hi»tory. 
Like his father John Peck, the eminent ship- 
builder of the Revol., he was an ingenious 
mechanic ; made a micr(»cu|ie and the most 
delicate instruments furwhicb he had oicasion. 
He pub. an account of the sea-serjient in )le- 
moirs of the Anier. Acad., iv. ; a calal. of 
Amer. and For. Plants, 1818; and some other 
articles. 

Feck, William G., LL.D., b. Litchlield, 
Ct. Oct 16, 1820. West Point, 1844. Lieut, 
of US. lopog. cngrs., res. 1855; assist, prof, 
of math, at W.P. 1847-55; prof, of phytic i 
and eng. U. of Mich. 185.5-7; prof, of math 
in Columb. Coll. since 1857. Author ol " Ele- 
ments of .Mechanics," 1859; tiault's "Nat. 
Philos.," 1860; with Ch. Davies. " Mathem. 
Diciionarv and Cyclop, of Math. Science," 
8v.>. l!<5:i' 

Pedder, J.vmes, agriculturist, b. Newjion, 
Isle of Wight, Eng., July 29, 1775; d. Rox- 
bury, Aug. 30, 1859. He came to Amcr. nb. 
18.".2 ; was engageU in t\w maniif. of sugar in 
Phila. several years ; and for 7 vears cuiulucted 
the FanHfr\< Cal'inet, an ngric. loumal of great 
merit. From 1844 till his death he wxs ai-tivc- 
Iv engaged in contributing to and i-diting the 
lios/on Viilliitilur. Several editions of his fa- 
mous conversations, entitk'd " Frank." have 
been pub. ; and " The Yellow Shoestrings " 
nin rapidly through 17 editions in Ixuid., and 
two or more in AuK-rica ; also author of " Far- 
mer's Land-.MeiusunT," l8mo, 1854. 

Pedro I., Antonio Jose D'Alcaxtaha, 
em|.en'r of Bnuil, b. Oct. 12, 1798; d. Sept. 
24. 1814. He was taken to Bruxil with the 
rest of the royal family in 1808; m. the nnh- 
dnclu-ss Lc<>)H>liline in 1817; was made n;- 
gi 111 on the deiiarturv of his father. King .lohn, 
for Portugal, in 1821 ; liecame em|H'ror of Bra- 
zil Oct. 12, 1822; and on the death of his fa- 
ther, in 1 826, bocaiuc king of Ponugal, but im 



PEE 



roi 



metliaeely alxlicateJ in favor of his infant 
iani;htcr Donna Maria, on acconnt of the jonl- 
ousie.'i of tlia Brazilians ; and was app. rc^'cnt 
of l'ortn;;nl during her minority. Internal dis- 
sension-^ caused hiin to abdicate in favor of his 
son I'edro II. in 18.31 ; and he lived a while in 
Enj. in retirement. His bro. Don .Mi;4«el hav- 
ing usurped the throne of Portugal, Pedro's 
fleet, under the com. of Admiral Xapici', sig- 
nally defeatcil that of Miguel in July, 1813; and 
Donna Maria was restored to the throne. His 
son Pedro II., the i)rescnt emperor, b. 2 Dec. 
182.5, was cro\nied 18 July, 1841, and Sept. 
4, 184;!, m. the princess Theresa Christina Ma- 
ria, dan. of Francis I., king of the Two Sicilies. 
Under his rale, Brazil has steadily increased in 
l)Ower ; and internal improvements have been 
actively carried on. Don P. possesses consid- 
eralile literary and scientific acquirements, 
ami has the enthusiastic affection of his sub- 
jects. 

Peet, II.VRVEY Prixdlf., LL.D., b. Beth- 
lehem, Ct., 1794. Y. C. 1822. From 1822 to 
IMl assoc. with Gallaiulet as an instructor in 
the Hartford Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb ; 
and sinc2 then principal of the N. Y. Inst, for 
the Deaf and liumb. Author of " Course of 
Instruction for the Deaf and Dumb," 4 parts, 
1 844-6 ; also author of addresses, reports, 
memoirs, &c., and contrib. to the "Annals 
for the l)eaf and Dumb," "Journal of Insan- 
ity," &c. A biog. sketch of Dr. Peet is in 
Bfirnarrfs Journal of Education, 

Peet, Stephen', missionary of Wisconsin, 
b. Sandgate, Vt., 1795; d. Chicago, Mar. 21, 
1 8.J.5. Y. C. 1 82.3. He preached seven years at 
Euclid, near Cleveland, O. ; was afterward a 
chaplain at Buffiilo, editing the Bclhel Marj. 
and Buffalo Spec/a/or; became minister of 
Gr:en Bay, Wis., in 1837 ; assisted in found- 
ing B.loit Coll. and 30 churches; was settled 
as minister of Milwaukie ; afterwards took 
charge of an institute at Batavia, III., and 
was then made agent of an association in 
Mil h. to found a theol. seminary. Author of 
" Hi~t. of the Presb. and Cong. Churches and 
Ministers of Wisconsin," 18mo, 1851. 

Pegram, Gen. Jonx, b. llichmond, Va., 
1832; d. Petersburg, Feb. 6, 1865, of a wound 
received at the battle of Hatcher's Run. West 
Point, 1856. Son of John Pegram, M.C. from 
Va. 1818-19. A lieut. of dragoons before the 
civil war began, he resigned when Va. seceded ; 
rec-ived the com. of a regt., and in 1 862 became 
a brig-gen. ; taken prisoner at Rich Mountain 
by Gen. McClellan. He was in most of the 
severe battles of the Army of Va., and was 
made maj.-gen. in 1804. His division was 
not d in the campaign of 1864-5 for desperate 
ligliting ; and Pegram was regarded as one of 
the ablest division commanders in the Confed. 
army. 

'Pegrnxa, Gex. Wm.i.hm Johvsos, b. 

Petersliarg, Va., 1841 ; killed in the battle of 
Pctcrjburg, April 2, 1 805. Son of Gen. James 
W., nephew of Col. George H. Pejjram, the 
Confed. com. at Rich Mountain. He left the 
study of law at the U. of Va. to fight in 
the Confed. army as a private of art. at the bat- 
tle of Manassas, and won distinction and pro- 
motion in that arm of the service at Cedar Run, 



Chancellorsvillc, and Gettysburg; and attained 
the rank of gen. shortly before his death. 

Peirce. — See Pe.vrce and Piei;ck. 

Peirce, Bknjamin, librarian of H. U. from 
l.<2ii Ki his death, b. Salem, Sept. .30, 1778 ; d. 
Cambridge, Ms., July 20, 1831. H. U. 1801. 
Member of the State senate in 1811 ; and for 
several years a representative of Salem. He 
pub. the valuable Catalogue of the Librarv, in 
4 vols. 8vo ; and wrote a " Hist, of the Vni- 
versitv," pub. in 1833. 

Peirce, Bicn.iamin, LL.D. (U. of N.C. 

1847), mathematician, son of the preceding, b. 
Salem, Ms., Apr. 4, 1809. H U. 1829. Alter 
teaching 2 years at the Rami Hill School, 
Xorthain|iton, he was app. tutor in math, at 
Camb. in 1831 ; prof of math, and nat. ]jhilos. 
in 1833 ; and was Perkins prof of astion. and 
math, in 1842-67, and also considting astron. 
to " The Arner. Ephemeris and Nauticid Al- 
manac " since its establishment in 1 849. Mem- 
ber of the leading scientific societies ; an asso- 
ciate of the Royal Astronomical Society of Lond. 
since 1849; member of the Royal Society of 
Loud, since 1852; pres. of the Anier. Assoc. 
for the Advancement of Science in 1853, and 
one of the scientific council which established 
the Dudley Observatory in 1855 ; supt. of the 
U.S. coast-survey since 27 Sept. 1867. lie 
was a pupil of Dr. Bowditeli, and read the 
proof-sheets of the translation of the Me'tini(iiie 
Cilesle while it was going to press. He was a 
contrib. to Mr. Gill's Jlulhemnlica/ J/isallani/, 
and afterward Pub. 5 numbers of the Cuinh. 
Mine, of Math., Phf/sics, and Astronom;/. lie also 
pub. a series of valuable text-books during the 
years 1836-46; "Treatise on Analytic Me- 
chanics," 4to, 1857; "Associative Algebra," 
1870; theory of the tails of comets in the Ax- 
tron. Journal ; methods of investigating terres- 
trial longitudes, &c., in the Report of tlie 
Supt. of the Coast Survey; and the singular 
and valuable " Criterion for the Rejection of 
Doubtful Observations." His first important 
investigation was his criticism of the compu- 
tations and results of Lcvcrrier upon the irregu- 
larities observed in the motions of the planet 
Uranus. He discovered and announced in 
18.il the fluidity of Saturn's rings; in 1852 
he prepared a vol. of lunar tables for the .V'/«- 
ticiil Ahiianfir, — Applelon. 

Peirce, Bhadkokd Kinney, D.D. (Wesl. 
U. 1808), i)hilanthropist and author, b. Roval- 
ton, Vt., Feb. 3, 1819. Wesl. U. 1841. ' In 
1843 he was a Meth. minister in the NIC. 
Conf , stationed at Waltbam, and subsequently 
at Newbnryport, Charlestown, and Boston. 
His health failing, he spent the next 10 year; at 
Roxburv, where he (irepared a series of Sun- 
day-school Question-Books, a " Bible-Scholar's 
Manual," " A ('lunnientary on Acts." A vol. 
entitled " The Kminent Dead " had a very 
large sale. In 1850 he was app. agent for X. 
E. of the Sunday-schoid Union ; in 185."j-0, 
while State senator from Norfolk Co., lie en- 
tered zealously into a movement for estai>li>li- 
ing a rel'orni school for girls at Lancaster, Ms., 
of which he was app.. Mar. 1856, supt. and 
chaplain. Chaplain of the Honsc of Refuge, 
Randall's Island, N.Y., since 18G3._ AKo au- 
thor of "Trials of an Inventor;" "A Il.df 



PEI 



ro2 



PEM 



C<nturv witli Jiirenilc Delinquents," 1869; 
" StDrics from Life;" " Siiiucl to Stories from 
Lite." ic. 

FeircOi Cvrl-s, teacher, b. Wiilthnm, Ms., 
An;;. 15, 1790; il. We.st Newion, Ma., Apr. 5, 
1«60. II.LM8I0. He tniiclii 11 private scliuul 
in Nnnincket 2 venrs; then stnilieil tluolu^'v 
at Cumhriilgc 3 vears, and re.«iiniecl his school 
at Nuntueket. lie cuinminceil prencliin;; in 
1818; was minister of a Con;;, church lit Norih 
I{ea>linjj;fruin May, 1819, to May, 1827, Imi.pre- 
ferrin;; the vocation of a tcaeher, o|)encd a 
sehooi ut X. Anilover; from lS:iO to 18.36 he 
innna;!;cd a lar;;c hIiooI at Nantucket ; became 
principal of its high sehooi in I8.')7 ; and from 
1S.')9 to 1842 was principal of the Hrst Normal 
School in Amer., at L<xin;;ton, Ms. Alter 2 
years of rest, he took ehar;;c of the Female 
Normal Sehooi nt W. Newion, where he con- 
tinned till his death. He pub. " A Letter on 
Normal Sclmols," addres>cd to lion. Henry 
Barnard, 1851 ; and a prize essay on " Crime, 
its Cause and Cure," 185.'). 

Peirce, Gex. EnENEZES Weaver, b. 
Freetown, Ms., 5 Apr. 1822. Descended from 
Abraham, who was of Plymouth in 1C2.3. Re- 
ceived an academical education, and held vari- 
ous local offices ; was a bri;;.-;;cn. of State 
militia in 1855-61 ; com. three-months troops 
in Va. in May, 1861 ; app. col. 29lh Ms. 
Kept. 13 Dec. 1861 ; lo^t an arm at the battle 
of White-oak Swamp 30 June, 1862 ; was in 
the battle of Manassas 30 Aug. 1862; com. 
2d bri;;. 1st div. 9th army cor\)s, Sept. 186.3- 
NdV. 1864, when he resi;;ned, having .served in 
Ky., Tenn., and Va. App. Aug., 1866, coll. 
int. rev. 1st dist. Ms. Auiliorof a hist, of the 
IVirce Familv, 8vo, 1870. 

Peirce, 'ruoM.vs, poet, and merchant of 
Cincinnati. \>. Chester Co., I'a., Aug. 4, 1786; 
d. Cin. 1850. Ixising his father at an early 
age, he supported himself by various laliors ; 
(auu'htu school in Phila. ; and in 1813 went to 
Cincinnati. In 1821 he contrih. a series of 
ttatirical odes to the Wivtirn Sm/, entitled 
" Horace in Cincinnati," eolleetcd and pub. 

1822. In 1825 a second satirical series appeared 
in the Xalional lii-puUican, entitled " Billy 
Moody." His " Muse of Hcsperia," pub. in 

1823, is bis chief work. He wrote a number 
of prize-noeuK, and contribs. to literary jour- 
nals. — Pofts and Poeirif of the West. 

Peirce, William, an early shipmaster in 
N.K. ; killed nt Pro\ idence, one of the Baha- 
mas, in 1641. He was master of "The Ann" 
in 16:!3, afterward of "The Mavflowcr" ami 
" The Lyon." and was sbipwreelied in Va. in 
16-3.3. In 1638 he carried cajjlive Pcquot Indi- 
ans for sale to the W. Indies, and brought 
back negm slaves fiinn Tortngas, — the first 
slave-traffic in N.E. Author of the first alma- 
nac printed in the Hug Amer. Colonies (Cainb. 

io;i'.i|. 

Peirson, Mrs. Lydia Jane (Whkkler), 
il .Miildletown, Ct. JIany years a resident of 
Tio:;a Co.. Pa.; hascontiib. prose nndjoclry 
to I be SiiHlkern Lit. Misseiii/er, the Stic-YurUrr, 
ami oilier periodicals. Author of " Forest- 
Leaves and other Poi-ms," 1845; and the "For- 
e»l-MiiK-trcl," 1847. — .U'/''«)/K-. 

PeiSSner, Llias, instructor, col. 119th 



N.Y. Vols. ; fell at Chancellor»villn. Vb.. May 
2, 1863; b. Vilseik, Bavaria, 1826. (irad. at 
Munich, where he studied philos. and law, and 
came to Amer. in 1849. Prof, of moilem bin- 
puMges at Un. Coll. Author of a " Cn-rrain 
Urainmar," " (ierinan Literature," " K.-inaic 
Languages," " The Amer. Question," 18fil ; 
" Lectures on Poliiiejil Kcononiy ; " " Klements 
of the Knglish Language ; " iiddrfss al the 
great Turner Fcstiial, Albany, June 28, 18.'iS. 

Pelby, HosALiE (Frkncii), uetre>s, b. Kin- 
derhook, N.V., Mar. 17, 179-3; il. on ihc pas- 
sage from San Frainiseo to N.V. June, 185.'>. 
P'rom her father, the enpt. of a North-Uivcr 
sloop, she inheriteil much jHTsoiial Ijeauiy. 
Her education was limited; but she bad a 
strung mind, and great i>crceptivc faculties. 
She was early m. to an Fnglish agent, a Mr. 
Brown, by whom she had one chilil, — the late 
Mrs. Anderson, an actress of great merit. 
Left a wi<low a few years after, she m. in Bal- 
timore Mr. Wm. Pelby, the well-known tra- 
gedian and manager ; thence she came lo 
Boston, and was wri-cked on her passage in the 
great Sept- gale of 1815. She made her lirst 
appearance at the Federul-st. Theatre. Boston, 
as a chorns-singer, in 1813, but rapidly rose to 
a high position as an actress, and in some char- 
acters had no su|K'rior, ami in oiliers no e<|ual, 
on the Amer. stage. In 1847, with Mr~. An- 
derson, she started for Eng. on n piofe-Moiml 
tour, but was wrecked on the passai;e, and re- 
turned to Boston. Apr. I, 1853, she received 
a farewell benefit at the Naiioiiul Theatre, and 
went to California, where, after acting n while, 
she opened an exhibition of wa.\ statuary, in 
the manuf. of which she had great taste, and 
which she had also exhibited in Boston. She 
was an ornnment to her profession ; and her 
charities were numerous. Her husband (b. 
Boston, Mar. 16, 1793), after being many years 
pr>-piieior and manager of the National Thea- 
tre, Boston, d. May 28, 18.50. Her dau. Julia 
Pilliy, also an actress, m. James Pearson of 
San Francisc^». 

Pelham, IIkbdebt, one of the founders 
of .Ms., and a connection of the family raised 
in 1756 to the dukedom of Newcastle, b. Lincoln 
Co., Eng., 1602 ; d. Suffolk, Eng., June. 1673. 
Mngd. Coll.. Oxf., 1619. He was one of the Ms. 
Company in Eng. in 1629; came to Ms. in IC38, 
and settled in Smlbuiy ; was an assist- in 164.5- 
9 ; and a commiss. of the United Colonii s of 
N.E- in making a treaty with the Xarragansctt 
and Niantic'k Indians' in 1646; in 1649 he 
returned to Eng., ami engaged in the formation 
of a societv for the religious insiniction of the 
Indians. First trcas. H. Coll. 1643. His dan. 
Penclojic m the second Gov. Wiiislow. 

Pell, lionKRT CoxoER, of New York, b. 
1835; d. Iiiieilachen, Switzerland, 1868. Au- 
thor of " The Companion," 1850; " .Milledul- 
eia." 1857 ; and contribs. to periodicals. 

Pemberton, the name of a philanthnipic 
Quaker lainily ol I'hila. Piiinkas, ihe grand- 
lather of IsiiAEL, James, and .loits. came over 
with Pciin, and settled near the Falls of D.l. 
Israel his grandson, a man of elo<|iicncc and 
lilierolitv, devoted the hitter |Mirt of his lite IC 
acts of Iwncvolcncc, cs|)ccially lo the Indians. 
Uc d. Pliila. 1779, a. 63. JoilN, the youn;;csl, 



PEM 



ro3 



PEN- 



"nn eminent example of devotion nnd self- 
ik'uial as a gospel minister," d. I'vrmont, 
Westplialia, tib. 1793, a. 66. James, 'li. 17J4, 
d. 9 I'eb. IS09, was one o!' the last of his sect 
«lio held a seat in the le^isl., and snccecded 
Franklin as pies, of the Sueiciv for the Alioli- 
tion of Slavery, 1790-lSOO. He pub. at Plilla., 
in 1757, "An Apologv for the People called 
Quakers," &<:. — Portjhiio, 1809. 

Pemberton, Eben-ezer, minister " Old 
Souih Ch.," Boston, from Aii^r 2S, 1700, to 
his a. F.h. 1.3, 1717. Bapt. Boston, Feb. 11, 
1672. II. U. 1691. Son of James, one of the 
founders of that chiirih. Tutor and follow of 
11. U. He pub. a number of oecas. sermons, 
tliree prefatory epistles, &c., 1701-1 1 ; pub. col- 
ketivcly in 1727, 8vo. The Election Sermon 
of 1710 was hiu'lilv esteemed. — Spnu/ue. 

Pemberton.'F.BEXEZEit, D.D. (N.J. Coll. 

1770), cler^ivman, I). Boston, 1704; d. there 
Sept. 9, 1779. H.U. 1721. Son of the pre- 
ceding. He was chaplain at Castle William, 
Anj:. 9, 1727; was called by the First Presb. 
Church, Xew York; dismissed in 17.'j.3 ; and 
installed in the new brick church (Old North), 
Boston, JIar. 6, 1754, where he remained until 
it was closed by the Rcvol. in 1775. Thoujjh 
one of the most popular preachers of his time, 
his friendship lor Gov. Hutchinson, one of his 
flock, caused an imputation of loyally, and 
created difficulties in the church. He pub. 
"Sermons on Several Subjects," 8vo, 1738; 
"Practical Discourses," 12mo, 1741 ; "Salva- 
tion by Grace through Faith," 8 sermons, 8vo, 
1774;'and 9 occasional sermons, 17.31-71. 

Pemberton, John C, gen. C.S.A., b. 
I'liila. al). 1818. West Point, 1837. Entering 
the 4th Art., he served in the Florida war; 
became 1st lieut. Mar. 19, 1842; aide-de-camp 
to Gen. Worth during the Mexican war ; brev. 
capt. nnd maj. (for gallantry at Monterey nnd 
at Molinodcl Uey) Sept. 8, 1847; dislin^. also 
at Conircras nnd Churubu>co, and at the cap- 
ture of the city of Mexico, where he was 
wounded; capt. 16 Sept. 1830; and resigned 
Apr. 29, 1861. Hetntcrcd the Confed. service 
as a col. of cavalry and assist, ndj.-gen. to Joe 
Jolmston; bri^.-gcn. 1862; was subsequently 
made a lient.-gen. ; com. the army opposed to 
that of Gen. Grant in N.E. Jlpi. ; and was de- 
feated at Champion Hills 16 May, 1863. In- 
trusted with the com. of Vicksburg, he made a 
calinnt defence, but was compelled tosurrender 
Id Gen. Grant, July 4, 1863. lie resigned his 
Com , and at the close of the war was inspector 
oi ariillcry. commanding at Charleston. 

Pemberton, Thomas, historian, b. Bos- 
ton, 172S; d. there Julys, 1807. A mircbant. 
He contributed largely to the "Colls." of the Ms. 
Hist. Societv, of wl'.ieh he was a member, and at 
his ilcaih lelt to it all his MSS. His " Chronol- 
oiry of Ms," in 5 MS. volumes, was made great 
use of by Dr. Holmes. His journal of the Ke- 
vol war is in " Hist. Colls.," vol. ii. 

Pender, Wili.ia.m D., gen. C.S.A., b. 
N.r. 1813; killed at Gettysburg, July 3, 1863. 
Wot Point. 18.')4. Entering the 4ili Art., he 
w.is tniu«fcrred to the 1st Dra;;oons, 3 March. 
18.').'), and was disiing. in several conflicts with 
Indians in WasbinL-ton Tor. in Sept. !858, 
and iu Oregon in 1860; resi^-ied 21 March, 



1861. Joining the Confeds. early in 1861, he 
rose rapidly from col. to major-gen. (May 20, 
18G3), and"led a division in Gen. Hill's corps 
at the battle of Gettysburg. 

Pendergrast, Garrett J., cnpt. U.S.N., 
b. Kv. Dee. 3, 1802; d. Pliila. Nov. 7, 1862. 
MitLsbipni. Jan. 1, 1812; lieut. Mar. 3, 1821; 
com. I84I ; en])!. May 24, 1855; flaf;-otlicer 
of the home squadron in 1860; and. at the com- 
mencement of the civil war, protectcil the im- 
portant harbor of Hampton Roads. 

Pendleton, Edmund, statesman, b. Caro- 
line Co., Va., Sept. 9, 1721 ; il. Richmond, 
Va., Oct. 23, 1803. His grandfather Philip 
eniig. from Norwich, Eng., ab. 1674. He had 
few educational advantages, but at 21 was 
adm. to practise law. Entering the h of 
bin'ges!-es in 1 732, he became a leading mem- 
ber, and at the period of the Revol. was speaker; 
in 1764 he was one of the com. to niemoii.ilize 
the king ; member of the com. of coiresp. in 
1773; presiding magistrate and county lieut. 
of Caroline Co. in 1774; member of Con;:, in 
1774-3; pics, of the Va. convs. of Dec. 1775, 
and of May, 1776 ; and drew up the resolutions 
instructing the delegates of Va. to propose in 
Cong, a decl. of indep. As the representative 
of the conservatives, he was the opponent of 
I'atrick Henry, the great popular leader. Ho 
was the head of the com. of safety during the 
early part of the war, the body which con trolled 
the military and naval operations as well as 
the foreign corresp. of Va. On the organiza- 
tion of the State, he was chosen speaker of the 
house, and app., with Wythe and Jciferson, to 
revise the col. laws. He was crippled for life 
by a fall from his horse in March. 1777. Was 
again elected speaker and prcs. of the Chancery 
Court; and in 1779 pres. of the Court of Ap- 
peals. In 1788 he presided over the conv. 
which adopted the U. S. Constitution. His 
masterly advocacy of this great national com- 
liaet gained for him this high encomium from 
Jefferson : " Taken all in all, he was the ablest 
man in debate I ever met with." App. judge 
of the U.S. Dist. Court of Va. in 1789, but de- 
clined ; in 1798, when a rupture with France 
was imminent, he pub. a pamph'et protesting 
against a war with a sister republic. 

Pendleton, George H.", lawyer nnd poli- 
tician, b. Cincinnati, July 23, 1825. Son of 
N. G. Pendleton. Member of the Ohio senate 
in 18.54-3; M.C. 1855-61 and 1863-5; Democ. 
nominee for vice-jircs. in 1864, he received 21 
votes out of 233 ; candidate for gov. of Ohio in 
1869, but was defeated. 

Pendleton, Henrt, jurist, b. Va. ab. 1750; 
d. S C. Jan. 1789. Emigrating to S.C., he 
was made a judge in April, 1776. In 1780, 
when the Brili.-li overran the State, he joined 
the patriot forces, and fought at Eutaw. Re- 
suming his sent on the bench in 1782, ho 
originated the County-Court Act of S.C. ; one 
of 3 judges app. to revise the laws of the State 
in 1785, and in 1788 a member of the conv. 
whicli ratltied the U.S. Constitution. 

Pendleton, Major Nathaniel, Revol. 
soblicr;iU(l judge; d. New York, Oct. 20, 1821. 
EutcriUL' the army in 1773. he became aide to 
Gen Greene, andreceived the thanks of Cong, 
tor gallantry at Eutaw Springs. He was nftcr- 



F-F.yr 



ro4 



r>E>T 



wnrrl a prominent lawyer und judge in N'.Y. 
Uis son Nathaniel (.iReeni:, b. Siiranniih, 
Ane. 179.J, il. June 16, IS6I. Col. Coll. 
ISI.'J. Aidi-'docainp to Gen. Gaines in 1813- 
16; memln-r of the Ohio siniiic 1S25-6; M.C. 
lS4<>-2. Father of Gi-orgc 11. 

Pendleton, WiLLtAJi N., bris-pen. 
C.S.A., iiihl I'rot.-Kpis. clerKymnn, b. Va. 
West ruini, IS.iO. A.NSist. prof, of ninth, at 
W.l'. 18.U-2; resi;;ni-(l lieuicnunrv 4th Art. 
31 Oct. Il*.i-t; prof. Bristol Coli., 'I'.i., IS.l.t, 
and in Del. Coll., Newark, Del., 1837-8 ; Prot.- 
Ep. cler^viiiun 1837-61 ; rvctorofKp. Diocesan 
School, Aloxnnilriii, Vn., 1839-44; cnpt. of 
Imllcry in Joe Johnston's armr in July, 1861 ; 
col. of reserve art. at Manassas 186.3; chief 
of art., Army of the Valley, and surrendered 
with Lee, 9 Apr. 1865. Author of" Scienoo a 
Witne>s for llie Bible," I8C0. 

Fenhallow, S vmcel, b. Cornwall, Eng., 
July ;;, IGtiJ; d. Portsmouth, N.H., Dec. 2, 
1726. lie came to this country in I6SG, and 
settled at Portsmouth, N.Il., where he was a 
judge of the Superior Court in 1714, and 
chief justice from 1717 till his death. Several 
vcars treasurer of the ]irovince. Ilis wife was 
Marv, dau. of Pres. Cutt. Author of " Indian 
Wai^ of N. E. iiom 1 703 to 1 72G," printed 
1726. reprinted in ".N.ll. Hist. Colls.'" 

Penington, John, M.D., physician, b. 
176S; d. of yellow-fever 1793. lie" studied in 
Eun>po; l>".;anpractieeat Philn. in 1792. Pub. 
in 1790 " Chemical and Economical Essays," 
8to; and " Inau;.'. Dissert, on Fennentation." 

Penington, J"HS. b. Monmouth Co., N. J., 
179'1 ; <\. Mar. IS, 1867. Descended from Isaac, 
an e:nineiit Quaker \vrit."r and preacher. Has 
pub. "An Exam, of B. Plantagenet's Dcscrip. 
of Now Albion," 8vo, Pliila. 1840; "Scrape, 
Ostco'.Oiric and Anli.Tolo^ical," Svo, 1841. 
Editor of Denton's New York, Phila. Svo, 1845. 

— M'.wr. 

Penn, John, called " the American Pcnn," 
son of Kiehai-d, and grandson of William, and 
gov. of Pa. in 1763-71 and 1773-5, b. Phila.; 
d. Ducks Co., Pa., Feb. 1795. He continued 
in the country alt r his govt, was ended bv the 
Revo'. ; and in 1777, having refused to sign a 
parol ■, \v;a contined bv the Wliigs at Frvnl- 
cricksbui-g, Va. The 1" nn estate is said to 
have be n bv far the largi .<t that was forfeited 
in Amer. I'lio amount claimed of the Briiish 
{,-ovt. by the proprietors was £944,817 sterling, 
a rortion only of which was allowinl. — Siihin-. 

Penn, .Ioiin, a signer of the Decl. of Indcp., 
b. Ciniliie Co., Va., M.iy 17, 1741 ; d. Sept. 
1 783. Hi i eilucation wa^ deliei.nt, hut josses.'^ 
ing genii's and eloquence- of a hi.'h onlcr, and 
having r .id law with Edmund Pendleton, who 
was a rila ivo, he w.is adm. to ih- bar at the 
a':* of 21 , when- his for<.-nsic ell'orts w r- n'lnark- 
aido fur their force and pathos. In 1774 he 
removed to Greenville Co., N.C. ; and w.is a 
m^mlxT Cont. Con'.;Tcss, Sept. 8, 1775-6, and 
177S-SO. When Comwallis invaded N.C, he 
w.is placiMl in chargi' of public atlairs. and 
acquit'ed himself with gr<'aten.dit In 1784 be 
WHS app. r.'cciver of taxes fur the Stnteof N.C. 

Penn, Kichard, lm>. of John, gov. of Pa. 
in 1771-3; d. Eng. Miy 27, ISll, a. 77. 
Unlike his brx)., lie he.d iuterco! re v.ith the 



members of Congtvss ; won general confidcn'.-o 
by his lilieral course; and when, in 1773, he 
embarked for Eiil;., he was intrusted with the 
second |)eti;ion of Congnse to the king; after 
his arrival at lA>nd., he was e\ainino<l in the 
h. of lords as to American nfi'airs. Whih' John 
Penn was gov., Kichard was a memlKT of Lis 
council, and naval ollieer of Pa. ; afterward 
M.P.; anil n'mnrkableforcla-ssicalattuinnicnts 
and power of meinorv. — .S'<i'i/<ir. 

Penn, Tiio>ia«, fist sunivin.'son of Win., 
the fouiiAr of Pa., I>. Mar. 8, 1 702 ; d. Lo:id. 
March 21, 1775. In 1741 he left the ];ro\iiice, 
and went to Eng., and in 1746 suec-.i dc<I, on 
the death of his bro. John, to the proirieiary 
share pr» viouslv owned by him. He had the 
principal direciion of its affaii-s for half a cn- 
turv; was a priiiei|)al foumler of the college at 
Phila.; and the Hosjiital, Lil rary, and other lit- 
crarv, charitabi ', and nligioiis societiis rhand 
his liounty. His wife was a dau. of the Earl 
of Poinftvt. His son Grewille v.rote the 
Lif.' of his gn'at-gr.inilfather, Adiniral Willism 
Penn. Another son, .Ioiin, LL.D., was author 
of critical, iKKiical, and dramatic woilji. 

Penn, Wii,liam, fouu lerof IVmisvlvania, 
b. Ix)nd. 14 Oct. 1644; d. Uiislieo;:rc, .30 July, 
1718. Son of Adm. Penu. Whi e a studi'it 
at O.Kfonl, he liccame deeply i.ipn.'ssctl bv the 
pn'aehing of Thomas Loo the Q.;nki r. for a 
violaiion of the laws of the r.nivir i^y, Penn 
and some of his as.soiiates were cxpi il d. His 
father, a proud and ambitious man, liiiding him 
(inn ill his convictions of duty, K-at him, and 
turned him out of doors : nkn; ing, however, 
he s 'nt his son to Paris ; whence be r. iiimed, 
skilled in the language- and poiite a compli..h- 
ments of the Fnneh. He srudi d law nt Lin- 
coln's Inn, but in 1665 went to livlaiid to 
manage an estate of his father's. He ucquireil 
military renown as a vol. at the sic^e ot Car- 
rickfergus, and caused himself to Iw painuil i.i 
mi'irary costume. Curiously enough, ilii-. is 
the only genuine portrait of the gr^ai ai o^t!c 
of peace. He soon alter joined the Qctkcrs ; 
and, at a m'-eting at Cork in 1767, he was ai^ 
rested and taken to prison, but, on application 
to the E-orl of Orrery, was soon rxl-'i^nl. Ab. 
1668 he licpm to pnach, ami, for writing "The 
Sandy Found.iti;>n Sh.iken," was for munihs 
contined in the Tower, when- he wioiehi>c le- 
br.iti-d work, " No Cross, No Crown," and a 
vindication of himself, eniitld " lunocency 
with her Open Face." Lilicniied by the inlln. 
cnce of his father, to whom he w as ;oon r.ilei^ 
wards reconciled, he was in 1670 nn\sied lor 
s-r<>"t-preaehing, committed to N.wgate, and 
tried at the Old Bailey. He pleailcd his own 
cause, and wa.* acquitted, but was detained in 

firison.and the jurv wercfined. Hi; fathi rogain 
iUr.ited him, anA, dying scon a/t.-rwnrd, IcH 
biai a large fortune, and nn admonition not to 
wrong his conscience. While imprisoned in 
Newgate, he wrote " The Gn-at Case of Liber- 
ty of Conscience." and ^oule other religious 
tracts, lie also wrote "England's Prv»-'it In- 
t^-nst Considcn-d," 1674, — a most able d. unco 
of freedom of conscieni-c and the rights of 
Englishmen. In 1672 ho m. Gulielma Maria 
Springitt, who, after his death, ni. L.;iac P<n- 
in^ton. in 1677, Pcnn, with Barclay and oth- 



PEN 



ro5 



PER 



ers, preached ia Holland and Germany; in 
I07C ho became loncerued in ihe settlement of 
West Jersey, drew up a constitution, and invit- 
ed settlers ; in 1630 he obtained from the king, 
in payment of a claim of hi.-i fa her'^ estate, 
a paient for Pennsyh'auia, for which, aided by 
Algernon Sidney and others, he drew up a 
ni3-;tcrly scheme of govt. He ihen pub. "A 
1), icf Accodnt of the Province of Pa.,' piopos- 
ing the easy purcha.sc oi lands, and good terms 
10 settlers thereon. Having esta'ilished a govt, 
a. lowing perfect liberty of conscience, Penn 
visited hiii province, arriving in D daware Bay 
27 Oct. 168-2. Ab. the end of Nov. was held 
th ■ famous treaty mth the Indians ; and he 
founded Phila., the "city of liro'.herly love." 
Committing the govt, to a | rovis. council, ho 
returned to Eng. in Auir. 1634. Through his 
iiiflucnce with James II., who had been his fa- 
th r's tirm friend, he o!)iained in 1686 the lib- 
eration of over 1,200 imjirisoned Quakers, and 
aided in prociu-ing in 1687 the "Toleration 
Aet." After the acec^'sion of Wi'liam III., in 
1633, Penn, having inciirrid suspicion on ac- 
count of hi? intimacy mth James, was tried for 
trca on, hut was honorably acquitted. He 
made in 1699-1701 a second visit to America, 
lie wa.s eoinmitted to the Fleet Prison for debt 
in 1703, where he remained a long time, but 
was at length released by th'.' intervention of 
fri -iid^. Worn out, at length, with the inces- 
sant labors and cares of a life spent almost 
wholly in the service of others, he died of 
paraly is. The charge of llacaulay, that Penn 
dishonorably implicated himself in his support 
of James II., was rejdied to by Hepworth Dix- 
on in his Biography of Penn in 1851. — See 
L 'vs of Ptnn bii S. Juuney, 1 852 ; Ctarkson, 
181-3; J. MassiUac, 1791; Jacob Post, 1850; 
and \Vi ems, 1829 ; Corresp. betm&n W. Penn 
ami .Idniis Lo-jan, with ISotis ly Mrs. Deborah 
LoTiii, e'l. bij Ariiistronf], 8vo. 

Pennington, William, gov. of N.J. 
1337-43, b. Newark, N.J., 4 May, 1796; d. 
th-.TeFcb. 16, 1862. N.J. CoU. 181.3. Son of 
Wm. S. lie became a prominent lawyer, and 
chancellor of the St.itc; U.S. di.st. clerk 1815- 
26 ; app. gov. of Minnesota by Pres. Taylor, 
but declined that, and also an app. as one of 
the judges to settle clain)3 under ihe Mexican 
treaty; M.C. IS59-61; c'.iosi n speaker of the 
house in Feb. 1860, after a long and severe con- 
test. He was a Wliig, and finally a, R'publi- 
can, in politics. 

Peuaington, William S., gov. of N.J. 
1813-15, b. 1757; d. Newark, N.J., Sept. 17, 
1326. Adni. to the bar 1802; membir of the 
1 gM. ; app. assoe. justice Sup. Court of N. J. 
23 Feb. 1804; judge U.S.UIst. Court 1815-26. 
JIaj. 2d N.J. Art. in Rcvol war. Chancellor 
of N. J. Author of N. I. Sup. Court Reports 
lC'03-16, Svo, 1825. — iV. E. U. and G. lieg. 
1870. 

PennOCk, Alkxander M., commodore 
r.S .\'., b. Va. Nov. 1, 181.3. Jlidsbipm. 
A|ir. 1, 1828; licut. Mar. 25, 18.39 ; com. Dec. 
15, 1855; rapt. Jan. 2, 1863; i ommo. May 6, 
1868. Com. steamer " Southern Star," Brazil 
sqniid. and Paraguay cxpcd., 1859-60; fleet- 
capt. Mpi. squadron 1862-4, gaining a repu- 
tation for executive ability of the highest or- 



der. Com. "Franklin " (fla^-ship). European 
squadron, 18CS-9. — //a;;irr.sZ/. 

PennOCk, Caspar Wistar, M.D., phv- 
sician. b. 1800; d. Howellville, Del. Co., Pa.. 
16 Apr. 1867. Some time physician to the 
Phila. Hospital. Author of a valuable work 
oil diseases of the heart. 

Penny, Virginia, b. Louisville, Ky., 1826. 
Grail. Sieuhenville Female Scm. Author of 
" Tlie Employments of Woman," 12uio, 1862; 
" .11)0 Emi'loyments adapted to Women," 12mo, 
1868; "Think and Act, or Men and Wo- 
men ; " " Work and Wages," l2ino, 1869. — 
Altilione. 

Pennypaeker, Galusha, soldier, b. Pa. 

Private 'Jtii Pa. Vols. Apr. 1861 ; maj. 97ih, 
Oct. 1S61 ; engaged in Florida and Charleston 
harbor; wounded at Drury's Blulf, Va., May, 
1864; col. Aug. 1864; enga^'cd on the James 
Kiver and in front of Petersburg to Sept. 
1804; com. brigade in 10th corps, and wound- 
ed, at Fort Harrison, Va., and in the action of 
Darbytnwn Koad, Va. ; com. 2d brig. 2d divis- 
ion, 24th corps, and severely wounded, at cap- 
ture of Fort Fisher, for which brevetted brig.- 
gen. U.S.A. ; and brev. maj. -gen. for pallaiit 
and merit, .services during the war; col. 34th 
U.S. Inf. July 28, 1866; transf. to I6th Inf. 
15 .Mar. 1869. — Z/fHr//. 

Pepperrell, Sir William, hart., soldier, 
b. Kitieiv Point, Me., June 27, 1696; d. there 
July 6, 1759. Of Welsh origin. Wm. bis fa- 
ther came to N.E. as apprentice to a fisher- 
man. The son, originally a merchant, pos- 
sessed those characteristics of liody and mind 
which fitted him for a military career, in which, 
in a country exposed to Indian hostiliiy, he at- 
tained distinction. Member of the council 
from 1727 till his death, and was app. chief 
justice of Ihe C.C.P. in 1730. He com. the 
exped. which ca|itured Loiiisbni-g, June 16, 
1 745, for which he was in 1746 made a b.aro- 
nct. Visiting Eng. in 1749, he was made a 
col. in the British army; became maj. -gen. in 
175.'), and lieut.-gen. 17.59. He wiis for .30 
years one of the commiss. to treat with the 
Eastern Indians ; and, as pres. of the council, 
was actinggov. of Ms. from the death of Phipps, 
in Mar. 1756, until the arrival of Pownall in 
1758. He pub. "Conference with the Penob- 
scoi Tribe," Boston, Svo, 1753. His grandson 
William P. Sparhawk (II. U. 1766) d. 
Lond. Dee. 17, 1816, a. 70; assumed his name, 
and was created a hart. Oct. 29, 1774. He was 
a loy:ilist, and the vast Pepperrell estates were 
in 1778 confiscated. He was allowed £500 by 
the British govt. One of the touiiders of the 
British and Foreign Bible Society. — See Par- 
soiis's Life of S;r Wm. Pepperrell. 

Perce, J-Lni;RT, 1). New York 1831. .Au- 
thor of ■• Gulliver Joe," 1851-3 ; " Old Karl 
the Cooper," 1854 ; " The Last of his Name ; " 
" The Battle Roll," an cncyclop. of battles and 
sieges, Svo, 1857-8; novels transl. from the 
Swedish of E. F. Carien. 

Percival, James Gates. M.D., poet and 
peolo^dst, b. Berlin, Ct., Sept. 15, 1795; d. Ila- 
7.elj,'rove, Wis, May 2, 1856. V. Coll. 1815, 
where his tragedy of "Zamora" formed a part 
of the eomnieiiccment-exercises. In 1820. hav- 
ing finished his med. studies, he commenced 



TOG 



PSlXi 



procti-f .11 Churli^ton. S.C, irliepp he pub. iho 

h'.-! fil i!.r. >■ ;.Mm^r»,.r^\"Clii>;" ii) 1S21 
- : "nn.! in ISSa 
. line I'lio t'f iho 

I \ -. A->i>l. >ur- 

L 1 I 'i. .I7I11V l-i'4. ail was st!iIK>ncJ «1 
\V>>t IViiit «s Uvuiivroii chfinisirr, bin tts 
M'.-in-.! i:i n low in.inth*. nn.l wix nimlc sur^;«)n 
ill c-oiiii«cii.>:i «iih iho rvmiiiin^-.«onice in 
Ill-ton. Horv lio c\>niril« lr«jncntlv to ilio 
(' >", f.it. Inizrlf. iinil i>litf«l an cdilixn i>f 
Ki'i'x's ■• F.lc;.'*"! Kxtraotv" In 1S:'7 he rv- 
nu^vcl lo X H:m'n. mi'l (miIi. a tli'nl vo!. of 
iHvtrv, anj a tiual vol. in I84-"?. onliiloil "The 
li , .M, ,1 „ n.v ,„ul oihcr riwm.*;" in 1S,14 

;i of Miilti- Brnn's Clwiffrspbv. 
" > ami nilililions; in 183J, in 

i' '.1 Clmrlis I'. Sho|>aril, ho was 

;i|-,-. ..> m.ikc a ^^■olo^. and minoral. survov of 
It.. tA' r\'(K'rt of wliich w.is pub. in riS42. 
l)r. IV'rvivnl »a« |.jirii.il lo philolO):iral stuJ- 
ii'S, anJ hail n criiuMi knowK>l;;o of many of 
tho moilcni huiL'iiai.'VS ol Knr\>|H-. Ilo >|>ont 
t>^.> \ i.r» in :i"i*tiiu Noah WilKhT lo coui- 
i Oiotioiiiirv. In ISJ4 ho \ras 

_isi of Wis. ; im.l nl Iho lime 
> . ibooffioe of StaiPKW'O-i^t in 

lil. li> 1-t 111. Koixirl was pnh. in'iSJ.S. 
He was a man of scholarly lastvs am) eiveniiic 
habits. A eoll. of bis |ioeni> was pub. Bo^ton, 
IS60. 3 vols. 

Porcival, John, capt. U.S.N'., K Barn- 
mabk. M< , Apr. ,•«. 1779; d l>o^cbcs^•r. M-. 
Sept 17. 1S62. Qiiiiiinjcthemereliaiit'srrviev'. 
ho tMHon,il the niixy as sailin$;-mastfr, Maivh 6, 
IS(i'.»: iHv-ame liJui. IVe. 9. 1S14 ; nia.-itor 

\[ ,.. ', ! .,:i ,.., <..,, < 1>!41. Ho >|i<. 

1 > ;ii I'le cainnrv 

tV Niw York. 

- ;lio en;;a;:emeiil 

Ivittwii ■ i iiv lV«i\.».k" mid ■■ F.|i«rTi<r ■■ 
Ai-r. 23, I.<U His laAi cruise was in "The 
Coii>ii:ntKin " in l?4-'»-7. llis prvifc$.-ional 
skil was of the hij^lK'Sl onlor, and lie was a 
stri.i .li>cipliiiarian. " Mad Jack," as the 
>iii!.>rs lalKvl liim. was rough in his manners, 
iiiiil VvTy rtxvniric. 

Percy, E.krl Hrou, duke of Northum- 

liei'aiiil, a British ^-n., b. A«^. 35, 1742; d. 

Jnlv It), I SI 7. Entorini; the army very youiiir. 

Ill- tirst >aw service imiler Prince Ferxlinand in 

li.miany. Tlioii^h he di<l not approve of the 

Aiucr war. lioolR-ix-d his sen'iccs, and eotn. as 

a bniradier in 177j-«. He Ktl the liniely 

revi r'orvvnient. which. Apr. 19, 1775, pre»vnteil 

iho il '^tnictioii of Col. Smith's i-otninan>l, oi 

t'lo vl IV oi the I..xiM:;ioii ImiiIo. Ho was not 

wv-.ttr at tlK- kialcot nui.kci's Hi^l: Imi in 

N ' !""■ vtillu to the rwlnction of Kort 

\ colninn k>l by him bvini: the 

I .ViUviican linos. He su.Vv.vil- 

• if IVrey on the dcith of his 

1T7S; rvtnrnwl to Km;., and 

liikclotn .liinc 6, 1796. 

.lo vgriN. Chili.in statesman. 

h. .■-.lua.i^j .1;; ("hilt IS.>I. Sec. of Ic-aiion 

in Knini-« 1S29-.1I ; rain.-plcni)m. to Biicnos 

Ai:-» IS-IJ. -ir>- vni. iiTx .lop to C.'ni.'re«s, 

■ iinanc>- I1S44), 

- (lS49t ; pre>. 

>■•: juj prcs. of the 



ornate ; rimed pre*, of ihe Repnblie of Chill 
7 Sept 1861 ; renlecevl 24 July, 1S66, for iho 
tcnn endini: 1871. 

Perbam, Sh.nkt, gox. Me IS'O-l ; M.C. 
lStWl-9; b. \Vo«Hlsi>K-k. Me, S7 M:ir. 1819. 
Farmer and leachcr until 1852; nti'inbrrol the 
iHuiid ol ajric 18.^2-4 ; nierolvT an.l s|<-aki r 
of t'lelctfi'l. I85.^; conniv clerk of O.-tlod If-i* 
and 18>'.|. 

Perkins, Elisha, phrsiri.iD, b. Noiwich, 
Jan 16. 1741 ; d New York SepI- 6. I7'.;9 F.d- 
ueaied lor the |«r«ressi.m by ' ■ • •'■ - '^- ' ■ 

wph in I'lainliiM, and | 

cntlo%\ nienis of UhIv and i. 

Mcrilirt-s in CNtaMi-hing .i.... .--.., , , .... 

acnd. at Plaintic'd, itnd o:lH'r u>eiui iniin-Dw- 
nionM there. Ab. 1796 lie in\-eiiied ibe " Xle- 
tallie Tractor^." TlK'se were brass and itxin 
pins, upplicil fir>t to tlw cnn- of pmt. rlicunia- 
tism. and analt>)^>u> di-<mUr«, and ai'raeicj 
jnvat aticniiuii lor a time, but siMin ft il into 
dis«>e, Ix'ilij; ntiackol a5 an imposture by 
men of seii-nce. Ho inrenii-tl an antiacplio 
mi-ilicine. and, to test its efflv-aey af;iin>l yel- 
low-(i-ver. went to New York during ts pre- 
valence in 1799, and h:ll a victim to that dis- 
caw. 

Perkins, OEOROKKoiiERT».LL.n. (Il.im. 

Coll. IS52). mathaiiaiician and a~troiK>m r, 
b. Ot>*v^> Co., N. Y., Mav 3. 1812. rriiK-i|aliy 
(lelf-cilucati d. Ho taiiulii inalhcinali>« al the 
■• Lilierul Institute," Clinton, N.Y., in lS."l-8; 
beeanie piituipal of Ihc I'.iea Acid. ; prtif. ol 
math, iu tli,> Stale Normal S»1k>oI i:i 1844-*, 
and prineiiial in 1848-52. Uc soon ni.ernu- 
perintvudal iIk' cnvlionof llie Dudley O i-erva- 
lory: and in l.<58was app-dep. S5;vtven_-., and 
snnvyor of th- Stice ol N.\. Author of a 
Si'ri>-s of inaiheni.-uicjl tost-book.s, im Itidin,; 
arithiiRlics ; "Tn-aiise oi AI' 'v.." 1S4! ; 
'• Eleau-ots of Al,jvl'ra," 1 -^ i i-' 

Geoiuetrr." 1847; "TrL' ■- -- 

veyin^',"' 1851 ; " Plane : u , - 
1854 ; also a t, xt-lH>ok on .v^tron ■m . ilc kii 
cvmirili. to many s.ieniilic periixli^als, 

Perkins, •' vcon, inventor, b. Xewbury- 
pori, Ms., July 9. 17C6; d. Lon<lon. Ji.iy oO. 
1849. At the' a^ of 15 he catriixl on ihebnsi- 
ncss of a ^Ubniiih in his na.ive town, r.liO 
inventin.? a method ol piSling s!.Ov>-bi.ck; s, 
then univvrsal'T worn; at 21 he iiia.le ilics 
ftir >'ii' nin; : at 2! 'i.- inx-rnt.i! t'.v v\ rliinc 
for.. . ' ' ■11. 

an>l 1 

it " - i. 

Her 



II.... ,. 

in^r.i*iii^> ti\iui onv .-..i-* ., . ; 

iu^^■n^■^^ iIk> sti-jm-i^ttn ; i ... 

eoiupn's>in; water; and th. ■ rl, 

the s;HH^l with which avc-.^; i.iuvii. Many 
of his inwntioi^s \ven> r\-wanl\l by the pod 
and silver tneilals of the So» iety of An.-, l.on- 
don. 

Perkins, .Taicbs H.»^D.i»Tn, antluir, b, 
Boston, July SI, 1$10; d. Ciocinna'J, Dec. 14, 



PER' 



ro7 



PKR 



1 ?40. Son of Samuel O., and ncplii'w of Tlios. 
H. I'lrkinM, in wlio»f coiintin^i-rDOtii lir wan a 
il rk in l>*i'8-30. Afdr a tour U) Kng. and 
tl,<; \V. Indies, lie KCtlli'd in Cincinnati in 18')2, 
where li.' Biudi. d law, wliieli lie »fjon almndoncd 
foniti rature. Heconiri'. toiliu W'stim Mmillili/ 
ilaii., and tdit<<l the AV. nimi Climmilf and Ciii- 
riiiiuili Mirror. Al'n rllie (iiilnr' of hi» |niMii*her, 
hcijceaniein 1830 inini>lirat hirge, — aniiH~ion 
of bencvolenee to which hi' dcvoicil thi' nut of 
llis life. Pastor of I he ('irn iiina:i I'liitarian 
Societv in 1841-7. He al-o identili' (I liiuiseif 
with tlic cans ' of prison discipline and reform, 
and j;ave much atienlion lo ulncaiion. First 
prcK. of the Cin. Ili^t. Soc. in 1844, and was 
af;envard vicc-pres. of that of Ohio. II" pub. 
"Annals of the West," 8vo, 1847; a series of 
hist. sketchos of that re^rfon in the .V. A. /tiview 
from 1839 to 1847, and Digest of the Const. 
Opiiiioiis of Judge Marshall, and contrih. vul- 
u.ib lii^t. papcra on the West U> the X. Y. 
I'iruw. In a fit of depression he drowned 
liiiuRclf in the Ohio. — .S'cc \V. II. Vlianniiu/a 
roll, oi' his WritiiiiiH, 2 vols. 12mo, 1851. 

Perkins, Jonathan Cogsweli., b. Ips- 
wich, Ms., Nov. 21, 1809. Phillips And. Acad. ; 
Aim!i. Coll. 1&32. He studied at the Cainb. 
Law iSchool ; was adm. to the bar in 1835; 
iiractiscd law Buccessfully 13 years, when he 
Ijceainc judge of the C. C. P. of Ms. ; State 
senator 1847. He has edited and annotated 
Picb ring's "Reports," vols. 2-10; Chitty's 
" Crim. Law," 3 vols. 1836 ; Chitty on "Con- 
tracts," 1839; Jannan on "Wills," 1845; 
Aliiioton "Shipping," 1846; Daniell's "Chan- 
cery Practice,'' 3 voln. 1846; Collyer on 
"Partn'Tship," 184S, &c. ; and has in press 
a treatise on " Arbitrations and Awards." Ed. 
with T. Mctcalf and (i. T. Curtis of Digest of 
DfiCLs. of the Courts of Com. Laiv and Admi- 
ralty, vols. 1854-6. Now (1871) practises 
law in Salem. 

Perkins, .Itstin, D.D., missionary to the 
Nesioiims, b. West Springfield, Ms., Slar. 12, 
1 ; 05 ; d. Chieoiiee, Dec. 31,1 869. Amh. Coll. 
1829. He passed his youth on his lather's 
farm ; was a teacher and tutor at Amherst ; 
was o|)p. to the Nistorian mission in Jan. 1833, 
and estalilished himself at Oroomiuh in Nov. 
18.34, where he established schools, anil trans- 
lated portions of the Siriptnrea into the.Syriac 
tongue. In 1841 lievisitiil tliis(ountry,ac<om. 
by M.ir Vohanniin, the Ncstorian bi-hop. In 
Aug. 1869, woni out by bi.s toils, he came home 
to die. Author of " Kight Years in Pi r.~ia," 
fee , 8vo, 1843; "Missionary Life in Persia," 
&c., 1.'61. 

Perkins, Nathan, D.D. (N. J. Coll. 1 801 ), 
minlst-rof W. Hartford from 1772 lo his d. 
Jan. IM, 183'<; b. Lisbon, Ct., May 14, 1749. 
N../. Coil. 1770. lie pui). a vol. of sermons 
1795, Four Litters on the Anabaptists 1793, 
a sennon on his 60th anniv., many pieces in 
the Ct. Eriiiiijil. Miir/., and several occas. ser- 
mons. His son Kathav (Y.C. 1795) was 
minister of the Second Cong. Ch., Amherst, 
from 1810 to his d. Mar. 18-12, a. 65.— 
^jirflf/Uf. 

Perkins, Samtel, lawyer and historiiin, 
b. Lisljon, Ct., 1767; d. Sept. 1850. Y.C. 
1785. Educated for the miuistry, he wa« li- 



einsi'd and preached but aftenvard practised 
law in Windliam. Author of a " History of 
the Late War," Hvo, 1X25; "Hist. Sketches 
of the U.S. 1x15-30," l2mo, 1830; "Gen. 
Jackson in the Semitiole Wlir," 8vo, IH2< ; 
"The World as it Is," 12mo, 5th ed., 1840. 

Perkins, Sami;el E., b. BrattlilKjrough, 
Vt., I H 1 1 . Author of " iJigest of l.)ecis. Snp. 
Ct. of Ind.," Hvo, 1858; " Pleadings and Prac- 
tice uniler the Code of Ind ," 8vo, 18.59. 

Perkins, Coi,. Th<>m,i» IIanuasvd, a 
phihiiiiliropie merchant of Boston, b. liosion, 
Dee 15, 1764; d, there Jiin. 11, 18.04. He 
ci.mmenceil his commercial life in pHrinership 
with his elder bro. James, who wns a resident 
of St. Domingo when the insurrection of the 
blacks oeciirred, and was compclleil to flee lor 
his life. In 17.'<9 he went as su|iercurgo to 
Batavia and Canton, and ohtained a thorou_'li 
acquaititancc with the Oriental tr.ade. 'I'lic 
bros. afterwards embarked in the trade to the 
north-west coast, Canton and Calcutta, in 
which they acquired great wealth. Soon after 
the de:ilh of James, in 1822, Col. Perkins re- 
tired from active business. The Perkins fanii- 
Iv gave over S60,0<io to the Boston Athenanrn.' 
fie took a prominent pnrt in the erection of 
the Bunker-hill Monument, and gave his es- 
tate in Pearl St., valued at S40,()ii0, for the 
use of the Asylum for the Blinil. He was also 
in 1827 the projector of the Qiiimy Railway, 
the fir.-t in the U.S. Subsetiuently he w.is 
much interestcil in urging forward ilie comple- 
tion of the Washington Monument ; and was 
also the largest, contrib. to the Merc. Lib. 
Assoc. For many years he represented Bos- 
ton in both branches of the State legisl.; and, 
during the war of 1812, he was disting. as a 
strenuous opponent of Madison's administra- 
tion. 

Perrein, Jean, naturalist, b. Franc-, 
1749; d. New York, 1805. Member of tin; 
Bordeaux Society of sciences and belleskt- 
tres. He explored Africa and most of the 
W. I. islands, and spent several months in 
New York In Sonnini's edition ofBufTons 
Nat. Hist., credit is given to Perrein for many 
valuable 'ontribs. to that work. 

Perrine, Matthew La Ruk, D.D. 
( MIegh. Coll. 1818), b. Monmouih Co., N. J.. 
4 .Miiv, 1777 ; d. Auburn, NY., Feb. 11, 1836. 
N. ,L' Cull. 1797. Pastor ol the Presb. Cb., 
Bottle HIII,N. ,1., 1802-11 ; of Springst. Ch.. 
New York, 1811-20; prof, of eccl. hist, and 
ch. polliv (and for 2 years of thcol. also) in 
Auburn Yheol Sem. from 1821 to his d. Au- 
thor of " I'liin of Salvation," 1816 ; " Absira-t 
of Biblical Oeog.," 8vo, 1835. — Si'mf/ne. 

Perrotj Nicholas, trader, discoverer of 
the lead mines on the River Des Moines, Iowa. 
Was a man of talent and education. Repair- 
ing at an early period to the Indian country, 
he soon learned the Algonijuin language-. 
On returning to Quebec in 1 66.5 with a party of 
Ot'awns, he ncconip. St. Lussou to the Falls of 
St. Mary as interpreter; in 1684 he was em 
ployed by De La Barre in bringing the West- 
ern tribes to his assistance agiiinsl the Iro- 
quois; and in 1687 did the like service lor 
DenouTille. He was several years Indian 
agent, and in 1697 was on the point of being 



PER 



70S 



TKT 



biirncil bv the Minmia, nott !siiro\l nnlv l\r iho 
Oiit.vBniis, by whom he wiu much Wlovul. 
l''ulir IV Vaudivuil he »«» iiui'rpntvr, ami 
:i'l in»^e»l to hiiu a tiiomoir re«|><.viin;; the 
\\ t>torii <vuntry. lie haJ a lort on I-ike 
IVpin ; hail tnivelIo»l over iiuijt of New 
France; ami left an interr-stin;: iiiiinu«erii't ae- 
eount of the mainicrs ami eu«ti>in'> of tlio In- 
iliiins. from wliioh M. IV I. a r»tl«Tiel>i>ir<iwi\l 
lar^vly for his " lltsioirr <<r I'.imt' 1 1 ." 
Cli.irlvvoix also ackno« leil-^es hi* iM<lel>ie>ine»< 
til hiin. — O'Co'lihi^t. 

PerrVi Avos. teaeher an<I author, b. 
N";\iKk, Ms . 13 Alls. IS12. Il.r. ISt:. S.in 
of I'.ijah anil Mary (Jones) IVrrj. He was 
lir>t pnncinal of the Yonn; Lailies" Hi^h 
!>> hiwl, N. Lonilon. Cl. : ami was many xi-ars. 
an<l until IS59, a teacher in IViviilenee, K 1 . 
Kin;; also a vici>i<res. of the Auier. In>t. of 
In>iruetion ; consul to Tnnis in IS6S-7. and. 
having; ean'fnlly exaniinol the site of Ancient 
Carthace. emlx>ili«l the resnlt of his rv>earvtu» 
in a vol. of 560 (Mjrw', Svo, jmh. in ISfi'J. lie 
has bivn a frequent contiih. ;o the public 
^journaK, and is a member of scx-er»l Iciinietl 
s.vi.'iies. 

Perry, Aktiicr I.«thaii, prof, of hist. 
an>l |>olit. eeononiT t\*ms. Coll , h. Lvme, 
N H . 1830. Wmsl Coll. ISia. AuihoV of 
■■ Klenients of Polit. E<-on.," Svo, IS66. 

Perry, CtiRisToruKR Ratsiosp, «»]>«. 
rSN. b. IM. 1760; il. Xew|)ort, June S. 
ISIS, lie served with distinction in the Ko- 
vol. navv ; was in the harvl fousrht action of 
•• The \Vatt " and ".The Trumbull ; " and 
was for some months eontineil in the Jer>ev 
Prison-ship; jxwt capt. Jan. T. 1T9S. April 
3. ISOI, the tiavy was nearly di'^l'anded ; and 
C«pt. Perry was aptv coll of New port. His 5 
sons (Oliver H.. K.->ymond 11 . Jlathew C., 
James A., and Nathi. H.), ail officers of the 
navy. di$tin^. themselves durini; the «.ir of 
lSli-15. A dau.. Anna Maria, in. Ciut. Geo. 
W.. son of Com. John Roilgvrs, and d. X. 
London, Cu. tVc. 7, 1S5S, a. 60. 

Perry, MitllKW CAmR.»iTH. commo- 
dore I'.S X., b. Xewport, K I.. 1794 ; d. Xcw 
York. Marvh 4, 1S5S. S.>n of Christo|dier 
R., and bro. of O. H. Perry. Midshipm. 
Jan. 16, IS09; lient. Julv 24, ISIS: com. 
March Jl, lSi6: capt. Feb.'9, IS37. In ISIS, 
in ■■ The Cyane," he fixed the Uvaliiy of the 
first settlement of Liberia. In the !i,-h,K>ner 
•• Shark " he cruiseJ in the W Indies in 
1S21— t, and capturxnl several pirates. He 
cnii-rtl in the Meiliterranean in lSlO-3; on 
hi> r\turn home was actively employe.1 in the 
Div^oklyn navy.yar\l as supt. of a school for 
tun practice, and the orptniiation of a steam 
navv ; in IS3S he was sent to visit the d.H.-k- 
yarils and lichthouses of Euro(<e ; in 1S,'!9- 
41 I.. ,.,i.. !h.' |<rvH.<k1yu navy-varxl : then the 
.\ •> ; com. the (.mlf squadron ; 

aol iu the sic^e of Vera Crui 
. _ "I \ van war. He com. I lie Japan 

ex|^>l. HI lSoi-4, and nej^ltiate^l an in>i«ir- 
unt treaty with that i<ower, March 21. IS.%4. 
An aceouDt of the Japan exi>eJ. from IVrrv's 
Notes, vols. i. and ii. edited bv K. L. Hawks, 
LL P , vol. iii. ed. hj George Jones, A.)L. was 
pub. 1M6. 



Perrv, Ouvrh Hazard, coninio. I'.S.X. 
b. S*.. lvinp«ton. U. I., 23 Am;. 17S5 ; d. Port 
Sjvoin, Trinidad. 2.1 Anv'. 1SI9. S^m of Cliri • 
topherR.: cnind-im of Jnd!;\' Frvsmaii IVrrv, 
who d. tV;. ISl.'l, a. S2. Slia.-hii>ra. 7 A) rii, 
1799, and sorvol in ih'' Triiolitan war; I! ut. 
IS Jan. 1S07; m:v-lir-co;ii. 2S Auf:. 1SI2; had 
charp' of « lloMlia of pinl'0.-»f< in X.Y. harl'Or 
iu IS12; w»s in Feb. 1S13 ord n-d to Uike Oil- 
tivrio 10 s»'rve under Chauiici'v, co-o|H"mti:i;; 
pillant'y, at the head of ■ Nxly of seninen, in 
the atta<-k on Fort loxir^; and was *xm rf^cr 
onlcnM to com. the »|uailrvm on Uikc En . 
Having i-<ii;ippf<l a t!oet 01 9 >ma'l v.>»>elx, he 
attackctl the Bri'ish He I on the iminii-ij: of 
Sept. 10, ISl."*, and ;;!Un«I a coin| I I' vi> toi v, 
capturin; the enemy's cntin' Min:-.dron. This 
was th • tii>t naval action in which he luul Uvn 
enpiav\l. For this brilliint sen ice he »** ptw 
moll's to capt. (Sept. 10, 1S1.1), rvxvivid the 
thanks of Con;;n-ss and a nieiUI, and also r— 
C'.'ive«l simi ar honors front the senate of Pa. 
He co-oiH-ni'i-d wi;h G. n. Harri.-^>n in rv-taking 
Pelivit; and at the Kittle of the Thanu's, Oct, 
5. 1S13. He i-ora. "The Java," in Pixratur's 
.<i]ua>lron in the Mciliicrrani'an, in ISIS; and 
in 1S19 sailed in " The John Adams " lor the 
W. Indi^ wherv- he di^-d of vel'.ow -fiver. IS 
Sept. 1S60 a marble statne \v W,il-utt wa» 
ctwted wiih preat ceremony at C'eveland. O., 
near the 8>vne of the battle, to the menwry of 
Com. Perry. — .Sre Lijl o/" Pmy 1'^ A'. S. 

Perry, Wiluam Stetkns. O.D (.\inh. 
Coll ), iSf-Ep. clep,;vnian and author, b. Provi- 
dence, R.I., 1S32. "11. r. 1S54. t>nl. deai^n 
1S57; priest ISSS: settled at Gencv.i, X.Y. 
Author of " Hi<t. Sketch of the Mission. .\»- 
soc. of the Eastern Pioccso of Ms," I.XJS; 
with F. L. Hawks, "Journals of the Gen. 
Conventions of the P. E. Ch.," vol. i 1S6I, to 
Iv compleie-l in about 8 vols. ; " Hi.>hops Sea- 
bury and I'rovosi," 8vo, 1S62; " Conneciion 
of the Ch. of Eng. with Early American Hi- 
eovery and Coloniialion." Svo. IS6.1 ; " Docn- 
meiitarx Annals of the Colonial Chn'ch," 4to, 
vol i. (C'onneclicut) ; •Qnesiionson the Lifeani 
Labor* of the Great A(>o>ile."" IS6S ; " Churrh- 
man's Y'ear-Wook. v<ic., for IS70," 12mo, Hartf. 
Conirib. to the Hi^. Mirj. and other periodi- 
cals, and cJ. of papers rcla'inj; to the Hi^t. 
ol Va. 16.^0-1776. 4t... 1S70. 

Person, Tito>iA9, Revol. patriot of X.C. 
He s'Fvnnonslv opp<w^^l the Stamp Act ; was 
a violent rv-^ula'or; snd. for bi< ?eal tor liN-i^ 
ty, had his est.ite^ - ■ ■ ■ 1 i- i< ■ 

cjraTe to t!ic Prov. .' 
conv.'iition ih.tt fe: 
in 1776; was .-ipp. h .-i ... 
1776 ; and r pnsk-ntiii tin- 
in th • State senate. For 

univ rsify a hall was crc>.;. . ..; >. — 

n'li h h-.trs hfc> name. A i-ouuti of X.C. was 
tunu^l ;or him in 1791. — llVi-nrr, 

Person, WtLHAJi, I7(V.V1S1S (entered of 
H.U. 1S16) attractcxi aitention by hi.i s.h»>lar- 
ship. and the fact of his par nta^- \x'w; a my* 
teiyeven Ui himselt". In 1S20, V). K Child pub. 
hi.s ""IJfe, L<-ttei«, and Poi-t. and Misc. I'itvx-s." 
— M.iUm,. 

Peter, Robkbt, ILD., prof, of cbemistr? 



709 



in Trannylv. TJ. (app. 18.37), h. Lanraat<rr, Corn- 
wall, Kii^'., ISC'). Some ycare cliomiinl as^ist. 
to tlic Kcol. survey of Ky. Author of " History 
of Lexington, Ky., and of Transylviiiiia Uni- 
versity," 8vo, 1855, Introduitory to his course 
of li'i:tur<« in ihf mwiii-al dipt, of th" U. Prof. 
]'. was 2 years editor of the Tmnni/fo. Jour, of 
,1/.'/., &c. ; rontrili. to the Western iMncrX and 
oth'r periodic als. — Allil^mr. 

Peters, Absalom, D.D. (Mid. Coll. 18.S.3), 
Cong, clergyman and author, h. Weiitworth, 
N.H., Sept. 19, 17M; d. New York, Miv 1», 
1S69. Dartm. Coll. 1K16; Prineeton Sem. 
1819. .Son of Gen. Absalom (O.C. 17-0), a 
descendant of Wni. of RoaUm, hro. of the noted 
Hugh I'ettrs. In 1819 he was a missionary in 
Northern N. V. ; pastor of the First Church, 
Bennington, Vt., from .)uly 4, 1K20, to liix. 
14, 1825; ^e<•. of th" Home Mi.ssionary Soc. 
until 18.37, and eijitor of the Ilmnr. .\/iHsloiujri/ 
iin'l PiiHtoi's Jiiurniil ; and in 1 838 iMgan to edit 
the-lwr. liilJiriil KfjuMiUirii. Prof, of pantoral 
theol. and homilitics in the Union Theol. Sem., 
N. Y., 1 842-4 ; pa^tf)r of the First Church, Wil- 
liamsiouTi, .Ms., in 1844-57. Here he originated 
and editeii tin- Amir. ErU-ilk and the /l/n*r. 
Jourwil o/'/Cil'i-iition, aftiTward mergerl in that 
of Ur. Henry IJarnard. When past 70, he pub. 
a vol. of poems. During his long life, he was 
never ill. Author of "A Plea for Voluntary 
Societies;" ".Sprinkling the only Modeof Baj>- 
tism," &e. ; " Sermon against Ilorse-Raeing," 
1822; "i^acred Music," 1823; " Colleges, Re- 
ligious Institutions," 1851. 

Peters, Col. Asdrew, Revol. ofiicer ; d. 
WcstlKjrough, iU., Feb. 1822, a. 80. Maj. 2d 
M:-. Regt. 7 July, 1777; lieut.-col. 15th, 26 
Nov. 1779. 

Peters, or Peter, Huon, clergATnan and 
politician, b. Fovriy, Cornwall, Eng., 1599; 
executed in Lond. Oct. 16, 1660. Trin. Coll., 
Camb., 1 622. Took holy orders, and preached 
successfully for some time at St. Sepulchre's, 
I.oiid., but, lifter iinj)risonment for nonconform- 
ity, r.Miioved to Rotterdam. He pp'.ielied to an 
indep'ndi'Ut cong. thire several years; then 
came to N.K., arriving in (Jet. 1635; became 
pastor, Dee. 21, 1636, of tlieebureh in Salein.as 
successor of Roger WillianiH-, whose doctrines he 
disclaimed, and whose adherents he excommu- 
nicated. He was also active in civil .and mercan- 
tile all'iiirs, suggesting coasting and foreign voy- 
aires and the ijlan of the tisheries. In Mar. 1638 
he was app. by the f len. Court to assi.t in col- 
lecting and revising the colonial laws; Aug. 3, 
1641, he sailed to Eng. to procure an alteration 
in the laws of excise and trade; had s-v ral in- 
terviews with Charles I.; and pro!iably influ- 
enced the passage of an actof p)arlian)ent mod- 
ifying thera in 1643. He became a preacher in 
the parliamentary army, which he accomp. to 
Ireland in 1649, holding, it is said, a colon' I's 
commission. In 1651 he was app. by parlia- 
ment one of the cornmiss. to amend the laws; 
and in 1 654 was made one of the " trycrs " of 
ministers; in 1658 he preached for some time 
to the Eng. garri.s'*!! in Dunkirk. Aft4T the 
re-tonifion, Peters was committed to the Tower, 
and indicted for high treason, as having been 
concerned in the death of the king. During his 
im])ri80nment he wrote several letters of advice 



to his daughter, subsequently (1717) pub. np 
dcr the title of " A Dying Father's Last Legacy 
to on Only Child." His private character has 
b(cn the subject of mucn discussion both in 
Eing. and Amcr. He wafl charged by his en - 
mies with grOfS inimora ity, and the inost l.it- 
t' r epithets wr^re applied to him by Bi. hops 
Burnet, Kenneth, and others ; but of late y.-.n 
he has Ixen esiimated more favorably. Author 
of "Good Work for a Good Magistrate," 1051 
(in which he recommends buniiiig the histori- 
cal records in the Tower) ; and some seruions 
and [lolitical tracts. 

Peters, Huon, jjott, b. Hebron, Ct., Jan. 
30, 1807; d. Cincinnati, 0., June 9, IS.31. 
Y.C. 1826. Son of .Judge John T. Adm. :o 
th ■• bar in 1828, hi^ began practice at C'incin. 
Among his contrilw. lo the ;V. E. WiiUij /■' - 
vkw were a series of Yankee lyrics of much 
merit. — Sue Evnnnt's Potl» of Ct., and C'ugi/ts- 
liall't Porta ond Puriry oftlu: West. 

Peters, .John CiiABLKS, M.D., physician, 
b. New York, July 6, 1819. He com'mcnecd 
thcstudy of homaopathy in 1837, and, visiting 
EuroiM! in 1842, continued it in the schouls of 
lA-ipsic, Berlin, and Vienna. Commencing 

firactice in New York as a honia'Opathist, lie 
las cndiavored to incor[K)rafe into that system 
such impro\ements in m<;dieal j,ra<.'tice as aus- 
enltatioii and percussion, iiiiein^eDpy, the use 
of the ophthafmoscofx:, jiathological anatomy 
and chemistry, &c. Author of " Diseases of 
the Head," 1850; "Diseases of F'cmalcs," 
1854; "Disease^ of the Ilyes," 1855; "Apo- 
plexy," 1853; "Nervous Derangement and 
Mental Disorders," 1854 ; "Asiatic Cholerr.," 
1867. With Dr. Witherspoon, he translated 
RokiUinsky's "Pathological Anatomy," 1849; 
and, with Dr. Snelling and others, pub. a " Ma- 
teria Medica," 1856-60. He has also edited 
the A', A. .lour, of llomrfojialliii. He was one 
of the foun<lers of the N. i . Path. Soc. ; and in 
I8i)9 was elected prcs. of the Coll. of Med. 
Sciences, and prof, of materia medica and 
therapeutics. — A/ijJ'tori. 

Peters, .loiiN 'I'iiompson, jurist, b. Hebron, 
Ct., 11 Oct. 1765 ; d. Hartford, 28 Aug. 1834. 
Y. C. 1789. Established himself in the prac- 
tice of law in Hebron in 1 786 ; app. coll. of rev- 
enue 1st dist. 1813; judge Sup. Court, Jlay, 
1818. 

Peters, RiciiAno, D.D., b. Liverfiool, 
Eng., 1704 ; d. Pliila. July 10, 1776. He came 
to America in 1735; was in 173.5-7 pastor of 
Christ Church, Phila. ; Oct. 26, 1 737, Ix'came 
proprietary .see. ; in Feb. 1 743 provincial see, 
and clerk of the council ; and in May, 1 749, 
memlxT of the Prov. Council ; Jan. 2, 1 7(12, he 
resigned his civil offices, and was rc-ctor of ."st. 
I'eter"s Dec. 1 762-.Sept. 1 775. He pnb. a Scrm. 
on Education, 1751. — Oorr'g Clirml t'liiirci,. 

Peters, RicriARD, jurist and agriculturist, 
nephew Of the prreeding, b. Bloikkv, nt-r 
Phila., Aug. 22, 1744; d. there Aug. 21, i;s28. 
Phila. Coll. He obtained early ami consider- 
able success in the legal profession ; sfjoke Ger- 
man fluently ; and was disting. for wit and 
humor. At the commencement of llie Revol. 
he became tapt. of a company of v(j|s., but wa* 
soon transferred by Congress to the board <<f 
war, of which he was see. June 13, 1770-Dec 



no 



pr.T 



I T = 1 : mi-mU.T 01 J Conpvss 1 T82-3 ; nn J from 
IT;i'.i to his ileath was l.S. ilisl. ju^lJ^■ i>f I'a. 
Fir>t ptvs. ol" the couiiMUiv who built ihv |»'r- 
lu.ini'nt brid;^.' ovit tin- tH-hiivlkill ul I'UiIa ; 
ni!(l to him iIk- i-oimtrv i» al>« imU'bii'U lor iu- 
tro>liiiin^ ihj ii«' of i;y|>?iim into ii^Tic. h-.- 
h.i\in^ in I7D? |iiib. n i\-!ation of lii> fXjiiri- 
UK-nts ni;h it on his ow:i funn. I'n-s. of tiic 
Phila. Agrif. Soc.. and viiriohi'il its m nioirs 
wiih many vain iblo ooiitrilis. Author of " Ad- 
miraltv ikvUions iu tlK- ITS. DUt. Court of 
r«." '(i;<0-IS07). 2 vols. Svo, ISOT. (ilf 
Slr'rh jf l:s Llfi hf :i,tml. lifrH. Ami.) His 
son KicuARD, Jun., succvwlcU Hmry Wheaton 
n< r»'|HirtiT U.S. Sup. Court. Hi' has pub. 
"Roi>orts U.S. Cinuit Ct.. 3.1 Cir., 1803- 
IS." Svo. 1819 ; " Reports U.S. Supn-mi> Ct.." 
182S-43, 17 vols. Svo; " Condtn.~<-d Ui'ix.rts 
of Ca.<os U.S. Sun. Ct. to 1S27." 6 vols. Svo, 
1S3d: "Dii;:cst of Ca-scs U.S. Sup. Circuit, 
and Dist. Cts., to 1S-J7," 2 wis. Svo, 1S4S and 
ISoj; "Case of the Chcrotec Nation a^insl 
the State of Ga.," Svo, 1S31 ; editor of " Chit- 
tv I'u Bills," 1S19: and Wa.sliin:4ton's " Cir- 
luit Ci. Reports, 3d Cin-uit, lS0;J-a7," 4 vols. 
Svo. IS->f.-9 

Peters, S.^mcel Amirew, D.D.. I.L.D., 
clfiuvuian and author. 1>. lUbron. Ct.. Dec. 12, 
lT3j"; d. N.Y. Apr. 19, 1S>6. Y.C. 1757. 
He tr.woHed in Eun.i|x> in I7jS-9. Became a 
Pr-E|iis. cler^vniau. and in 1762 took charge 
of ihe churches of Hebron and Harifor\l. His 
imprudence and lovaltv involved him in con- 
stant trouble; and pro^bly no clergyman of 
his lime was more obno.xions. Beinj; a Tory, 
ho was forvetl in 1774 to flee to Eng., where 
he pub. in 17S1 " A General Hi>iory of Con- 
nifiieiit," which has l)e<'n called the " mcst un- 
scrupulous and malicious ot Kin-; narratives." 
Its narrations are inilcpcndent of time, place, 
anil proliabiliiy. In 1 794 he was chon-n bi>hop 
of \ t., but was never c»)nsec. In 1805 lie re- 
turnitl to Amer., and pub. in X.Y. a " History 
of Rev. Hu;;h l'eiers.'"his gn-al-unclc, in IStlf, 
and aNo a brief hisiory of Hebron. In 1S17 
he made a journey to ihe Falls of St. Anthony, 
cbiiniins a lar>^ iract of land in that rv:.;ion. 
IKaiicrwar»l lived in N.Y. City in joveriy and 
obscurity, ihouj;h he obtained a pen.-ion and a 
irrant for proixrty confiscaietl by the patriots. 
He is the "Parson Peter" of TiumbuU's 
" MFin..-al." 

Petersen, Jons Emc Chkistian. ma- 
line painter, b. Co|'enba::eu. Denmark, 3 April, 
lS->9. Studied law iu ihe U. of Coin-nhaj^-n in 
1S59, anil aflerwanl learned the art of |vaintin;: 
at the Roy. Acad, of Copenha::en. and with 
M.H!b\e and Dahl ; served as an olfi.-er of 
I)ani.''h inf in iIk- war with Prussia and Aus- 
tria in ISW ; arrival in the US 29 July. 1S63, 
and has a sindio iu Boston. Auiok;; bis best 
picture> are "The Start of ihe Oceiin Race of 
ISi^6 Irom Sandv HiKik." "Phantom Ship." 
"Re<em-," " I'iXV Rock," "M.ikinp Sail alier 
the Gale." " Capture of the PiiuIc," and ihe 
racbt " Dreadnaui-bt." Mr. Peier>en vi>itc<l 
the \V. Indies dunnj: the hurricane .<l'a^on of 
lSfi7-S. of which he ma<le roanv ^-raphic 
tkcr.!,,,. 

Peterson, Charles J., of Phila.. co.<di- 
tor with Mrs. Ann S. Stephens of Pffpson'.* 



Morazi'nt. Author of " Militan- ITcrow of th« 
Revol." 8to, 1S47; " Militarv'lleroes of the 
War of 1S12 and the .Me.\ic»"u War," 184S; 
"Naval llen«s ol the US.," 1S50: "Cruis- 
ing in ihe Usi War." 1S49 ; " Graii- Undley ; " 
"Kale Avlesfonl;" "The Valley Farm;" 
" M ibel ; •* " The did Stone Maiision,"^.-. ; 
"Continuation fr»>m 1840 to 1856 of Von 
Roitetk's Hi:-iory of the World." Conirib. to 
iiui::;uim*-» and newspapers. — Ath'Umf. 

Peterson, He>-ry, b. Phila. ISIS; was* 
short lime editor of Neal's lin^llr, anci sinc-c 
1846 editor and co-proptietor of the Pkila i^m. 
Em. Post. Author of " The Twin-Broihtrs," 
1843; P..enis. 12mo. IS64. — J/Z/Vwir. 

Petigru, .lAMts I.oris, LL.l). (H.U. 

1837), Irtwver, b. Abliville Dist . S.C., 1789; 
d. Cbarleston, .Mar. 9. 1863. S.C. Coll. 1809. 
He was of mixed Irish and lluL-uenot descent. 
Adm. to the bar, he attaineil di<tinc. as n coun- 
try lawyer, and suhsemienily at the Charles- 
ton bar'; aity.-gen. of S C. iS22-SO. Duriii^j 
the nullilicaiion troubles of 18.30-2 he vi^or- 
oQsly and etoijuenily iip^Kkse.1 the doctrine of 
the State veto, and ht'iame a leader in the 
Union and State-ri;.'hts juirly, upoh whose 
defi-at, he, from bcini; one of the most popular 
men in the State. Nvaiiie an object of dislike. 
His virtues, and his uni|ue>tioneil talent and 
ability as anadvo<-ate, nevertheless secureil him 
the tx-siK-ct of the community in which he liveil ; 
and he held his prominence at the bar with 
scan-ely a rival. He was sub-sequently for a 
brief peiiod US. dist.-atty., which subjected 
him further to public o>1ium. He also >erTed 
in the State lesisl., and in 1861 was a commiss. 
for codifying the laws and statutes if S.C. He 
0(>|>osed almost singly the »eee»-ion inovemmt 
in S.C. in I960, though too old to take an 
active |>art in political controversies, nmain- 
ing unshaken in his convictions to the hour of 
his death. Pres. S. C. Hist. Soc. Author of 
" Semi Centenn. Oration," S.C. Coll.. 1855; 
" A.ldrvss Iwf. the S. C. Hisu Soc," 1858 — 
Sw CV.;. .-^Ixc* iy ir J. (?niy»«i, 12mo, 1866. 
Petion, As.-SE AtKXASiiER Sabj.s, tir^t 
pn-s of the repnb. ol HaMi, b, Pon an Prini-c, 
Ai.r. 2. 1770; d. 29 Mir.lSlS. Son of a rich 
Cv>lou!>t named Sabo by a free mulatto woman. 
Lilierally eilucati'd at the military school of 
Piiris. ' When the Revol. broke' out ai St. 
Domingo, he was one of the first who look 
arms ; was soon iimde an officer of art. ; aud 
obtained the rank of adj. gin. He joined 
Rigaud, a man of color like himself, in oppo— 
ing the pttijects of Toussitint I.'Ouvenure; 
and. being unsuccessful, emlurked for Frame, 
but relumed with l^cn. I.,ecleri-, under »li<>m 
Petion held a colonel's i-oinini»«ion. The vii>- 
lent measures adopted by Leelerc and his sue- 
ces.sor RochamU'au induced Petion to quit I'e 
French service, and, forming a union with 
Dii-alincs, to declaic war against the Fri'in! , 
whom they at leni:th ex(>elled, A«-istc<l 1 y 
the English, ttn-y suci-eeoled in establishing l!.e 
ii dep. of llayii in 1804. Petion oblaim^l 
the govt, of the western ilist. of which Port nu 
Prince was the capital, De>.«alinc» In-coining 
chietof th»- npublic. Christophc, his surt-v>>or. 
behaving in a tyrannical manner. wa< I'blig d 
to submit to a iiartiiion of his domains. All 



711 



PHE 



ll'.c soiiMicrn nnil western part of the island 
iukii(jwli'il;;i'il the authority of the senate, by 
wliom IVtioii was elected pies. Jan. ^7, 1^07. 
A civil war took place between the rivals ; iiut 
I'l'iioii retained his offi e, in spile of all oppo- 
sition, till liis<leath. lie was a skilful j^eneral, 
u humane and just ruler. 

Pcto, H'H Samuel iMonxoN, an En;;lish 
en;,'iueir anil contractor, 1>. Snrrcv, En::., 1809. 
lie c.ustnictnl the Grand Trunk Haihvay, 
(auMda, wiili (he tulnilar ln'id;:c near Mouirc.d, 
and .-ev.r.d railways in Europe. In l<i.'j9 he 
was rciuriied to parliament from Einsbury. 
Alur vi-itiu- the U.S. in I8G5, he pub. " The 
licsourcc and Prospects of America," ISfiG. 

Pottcnglll, Amos, b. Salem, N.H , Au^:. 9, 
i:m.); d. Salem Brid'^e, ('t., Au^'. 17, 1S;J0. 
II. U. 1805. .Minister in Champlain, N.Y., from 
.Inlv 9, 1807, to 1812; of Lilchficld, Ct., from 
Apr. 14, 1816, to .Jan. 9, 1822; and of Salem 
l.oni J, in. I, 182.", to hi* il. As a teacher, and 
in oilier ways, he ai led the cause of education. 
II" pub. a view of the heavens, for schools, 
1S2<'>; a rolary celestial map; "The Spirit of 
.MiMhodism," 182!) ; and some discourses. A 
.Memoir of bini, bv L. Hart, wa8 pub. by the 
M.i^s. s. S. Society. 

Pettisrew, Cii.vki.es, first I'rot.-Epis. 
bi-hoj) ol N.C ; d. 1807 at Bonarva, on Lake 
Scuppcrnon;;, where be settled in 179+. Ills 
father, originally of a Scottish family, came 
from Co. Tyrone, Ireland, to I'a., and finally 
settled in N.C. Charles Ixjeame a teacher at 
Eiknton in 1773; was ord. in the Prot.-Epis. 
(;iuircli at Loud, in 1775; and m. Mary, dau. 
of Col. John Blount. In May, 1794, at a conv. 
held at I arboiou^'h. he was elected bishop. 
lie took a leading' part in establishing the U. 
of X.C. llis only son Ebcnezer was M.C. 
(n.Mi Kdenton dist. in 1835-7. 

Pettit, Col. Charles, Revol. patriot ; d. 
I'liil.i. Sept. 4, 180G, a. 69. Having practised 
law Hi:h reputation, he became sec. of N. J. 
iiiidcr (iov. Eranklin, and continued in that 
olliee nndcr (Jov. Livingston until called by 
tieu. (ircene to the post of assist, qmr.-gen. 
Couspicnous in this position for industry and 
intelligence, he was tendered, upon the resigna- 
tion of Greene, the succession to the important 
tru^t of quartermaster-gcn. ; but he declined. 
At ibe peace he became a merchant in Phila. 
Wiis the author of the funding system of Pa. 
while a member of its legisl. ; a delegate to 
r.iugrcss from 1785 to 1787; and a powerful 
advocate, at the general conference at Harris- 
liui., for the adoption of the Federal Consti- 
tution. 

Pettit, Thomas McKeas, judge, 1797- 
18.",J. .Member I'a. legisl. 1830; assoc. judge 
dist C[. 1832-5; pres. judge 1833-45. Author 
of Di.-course bef. Hist. Soc. of Pa. 1828; 
l)i.-eourse bcf. the Philomath Soc. of the U. 
of P.. 1836 ; " Memoirs of Koberts Vaux " 

PettUS, .John .J., brig. gen. C.S.A.; killed 
at the battle of Peach-tree (,'reek, Ga., July 
2', ISfit ; t'ov. of Mpi. 18C,0-2. 

Peyton, 'John Lewis, b. Augnsta Co., Va., 
18.'.'); went lo Eiig. in 1801 as an agent of 
N C, and slill (1871) rc^^ides there. Author 
of " Trade of China and the Indian Islands," 
8vo, 1854 ; " Statistical View of Illinois," 8vo, 



1854 ; " The American Crisis," &.(:, 2 vols. 
8v<i, Lond. 1867; "Adventures ol mv tirami- 
father, by Col. J. L. P., late chief of siatf to 
Gen. Douglass B. Lavne of Va.," 8vo, 1S07. — 
Al/iho,,,: 

Pfeifer, Caul, architect b. Brunswick, 
Germany, 1834; came to the U.S. in 1850. and 
pursued his profession in Ohio and in the West, 
and in 1864 etablished himself in N.Y. City, 
where he has aitained lii'_'h r.'putation. Among 
his works are the Chiiivb of the Messiah, the 
Rossevelt llosiiital, and the Barroda mnii; io:i. 
U\< plans for ihe N.Y. Hospital and oilier pnb- 
lic city buildings have recently been accepti^d. — 
'rhomiifi. 

Phelps, Al.mih V IIaut Lincolv, tea'her 
an.l author, b. Berlin, Ct., 1793. Her lather, 
S.'.innel Hart, was descended from Hev. Thomtis 
Hooker. She was cdueaieil chiefly by bn si^- 
ter Emma (Willard); taught scliool in her 
father's house at 19, and soon after took cliarL'o 
of the Sandy-hill (N.Y.) Eemale Acad. In 
1817 she m. Simeon Lincoln, editor of the O. 
J/oTor, whodied in 1823. She soon alter biraine 
associated with her elder sister, Mrs. ICmina 
Willard, in the direction of the female tern, at 
Trov, N.Y.. until in 1831 she m. Hon. John 
Pheipsof Vt. In 1838 she took charge of a 
seni. at West Chester, Pa., and atrerwurds 
taught in llahway, N.J. ; in 1841 Mr. and Mrs. 
Phelps took charge of the Pata])seo Iii-titiiie, 
which after her husband's death, in 1848, she 
conducted alone till 1856. She has since resid- 
ed in Baltimore, and at one time cditi'i| the 
Putupsco Maijddne. She pub. " Familiar 
Lecture on Botany," 1829, revised and enlarued 
1861; "Dictionary of Chcmi-try," 18;J(i; 
" Botany for Beginners," 1831 ; " Geology for 
Beginners," 18.32 ; " Eemale Student, or Eire- 
side Eiiend," 1833; "Caroline Westerly," 
18.33 ; " Lectures to Young Ladi'-s," &c., ls:;3 ; 
" Chemistry for Beginncis," 1834; "Profiles- 
sive Education," translated from the French, 
1834 ; " Lectures on Natural Philosopliy," 1 f35 ; 
"Lectures on Chemistry," 1 837 and 1857; " Nat- 
nral Philosophy for Beginners," 1837 ; '■ Ada 
Norman," 1854; " Hours with my Pupils," 
1859; and "Christian Households," 1860. 

Phelps, Anson Guiii.Ni;, a wealthy and 
pbilatithrupic merchant of New York, b.'Sims- 
bury, Ct., March, 1781 ; d. New York, Nov. 30, 
1853. He learned the trade of a saddler; was 
a merchant in Hartford until 1815, when be 
removed to N.Y'. City, where he jiassed the re- 
mainder of his life, engaged in the business of 
a merchant in tin plate and heavy metals. Por- 
tions of his annual accumulations were sys- 
tematically devoted to the relief of the neeily 
and to various objects of Christian charity. 
His will contained beipiests to different chari- 
table institutions, amounting to .SiVl.Oiio; 
$100,000 each to the Bible Society, the Board 
of Commissionersfor Foreign Missions, niidtli'; 
Home Mis-ioimrv Society. Pres. of the N.Y. 
Blind Asylum, tlie A. B. C. F. iM., anil the NY. 
branch of the Colimization Society. 

Pholps, AirsTiN, D.D., b. We-st BrookficM, 
Ms., .Ian. 7, 1820. U. of Pa. 1837. Ord. pas- 
tor of the Pine-st. Cong. Church, Boston, 1842 ; 
since 1848 Bartlett prof, of sacred rhetoric in 
And. Thcol. Seminary. Author of " The StUJ 



712 



PHI 



IIoui ." I !>J9 ; with Dr. Turk nrnl I-owtpII M»- 
siiii. ■• Tlw SuMmth llvniii lU>ok." " SiiMxiih 
llvinii «iiil Tuno UouU,' " Salil>. Tuno-lUKik." 
" S.iMMib-»clu"il Uvmii nihl Tiino Bivk;" 
" nv:uii> uml Choirs,^' ISOO; "Tlio Now Binli," 

IS'.':. — . I '.,'«■.,•. 

Pholps, r.ni.vuETll (Siiart). writiT, b. 
A:i.lo\.r, M-i., All-. I.i. ISO; il, there Nov. 
30. l;<5a. Dttu. I'l' rrvif. NU«i4's Stiinrt. In 
IS4i s'.ii' was luairl^-tl to Kov. Austin riii'l|>s. 
^^lK• wtvtc "Tlic Simny Siilo;" "Tin- Kitty 
Urvmn " sorii-s, 4 \ols. liM'.'; " l\x'p at Nnm- 
b>r Fivo; ■■ " Tc!!-T«lo ; " " Any«l ov. rthi- Ui-ln 
Shunldcr;" anJ "The ImH F-onf frvmi Sunny- 
Side." Ilor dau. Kliiauktii Sti art, in au- 
thor of " Ell<n"s Idol." IS64; -Vi. Hill." 186S: 
••Tiny," 11*66; " Moivy Cliddon* Work," 
1966 ;" •■ liyi>.-iy Scrivs," "iSOT ; •• Tiny's Sun- 
day Nij;Iit"." *IS67 ; •• I Don't Know How," 
If 6" ; "Giitv* ^Vjar," ISCC. a rviuaikaMy suc- 
ct'Ssful |ixRliiitii>n ; '• lli>l;jv>l In ; " '• Mon, 
AVonun, and llliost.*," 1S69 ; and " The Silent 
Ihtitiier." 1S70. Contrib. to Our Yoimy FiJh, 
ic. — M!,Umr. 

Phelps, liKN.. Ion N WoLooTT, b. Oiiilfvml, 
Vt.. N>i\. 1.1. ISI3. Wi-st Tiiiiit, 1^16. Kntcr- 
ini: the 4th An., he ser\ed in Kin. ; was made 
Ut lieut. July T, 183;!; div'.ine»l the bix'v. of 
capt. lor i:a!laniry at (.'ontrvni.-i anil ('hun\bns- 
co ; eapt. 31 M.'ir. IS."!!!, while inenilxT of a 
bi>ar\l lor |nv|mrin^ a .-.ysteni of lieavv-artillery 
in.stmetion, whiiih was fonnixl at hi> suj:!:\-»- 
tion ; eoin. at Fort Brviwii. Tes«.<. and broke 
np a larj.-e filil)n.«ter e.xiKtl. against Me.\iex) and 
Cuba; and !<tvix1 in tlie l"lah ex|>eil., but re- 
si(;nrtl Nov. 2, 1S59 ; while ivsidin^- at Rntttlo- 
Ivrou;;!!. Vt., he Kvame (2 May. 11*61) col. 
1st Vt. Vols, lie cstublishiil lUid long cotu. 
the inttvnehetl caniji at New|ion News; was 
made a briij.-pvn. May 17, IStil ; w*> attached 
to Cien. Butler's expeil. to N. tlrleans ; landed 
at Ship I>land. M;i., IXv. 4, and issuixl n proc- 
Intualion hi»tile to slavci^-, which was at once 
disavowid by lien. Hntlcr. llin. I'helns cn- 
listixl and •li.-nipliiuxl the first ne;:n> soldiers, 
butwasoi>Ur\d by lien. Br.tler to abandon the 
proi.et, and iinploy iluin in fellin;; ti\t-s and 
Miuilar l.ilMr> : and n>ii;nid .Vui;. SI, 1S6S, 
aiul rv-tunml to Brattlelioronjrh. Vicc-prcs. 
Vt. Hist. SiH-. siuiv It^G;!. 

Phelps. Oi ivKR, a man of cxtraorvlinary 
cnlcrpri.-o, 1>. Windsor, Ct., 1740; d. Canan- 
dai-ua, X.V., Feb. 21. ISOT. He nx-eivnl a 
inciv-antile c\hu-ation at Suffield. Ot. : enpti^xxl in 
business in IJninville. Ms., with prvat sinvi-ss ; 
and durin;.; the Hc\"ol. was in the ei>miniss. 
dept. of Ms. In 17S(<, ho. with Nathl. Corh.iin, 
p<!rrh;i.s»>l of the State of Ms. a tract of 2.2<Xt,- 
OlK) aen'.s »>f land in the t«"ne.si"c ciMintry, 
X.Y., now eonii>ris»-d iu the cxtensi\T counties 
of IMitario and Steidnn. lie oi<cnrtl in Canan- 
dai;?ia the lirvt laml otfii-c in .\iuerica; and his 
nvsteni of survey by townshiiw and nin;:i"s 
nctiinic the nuKlil lor all subsequent surveys. 
In I7'.i.%. lMul|is. with >Vm Hart and their ass,>- 
eiites, l«.i;.ht of this Stale the Intel of l.tn<l in 
tthiii inli>xl the \\\-stem Ui-sor\e, onnprisin^ 
."l,.ti)i>.(>i'i> acres, lie afterwanls removixl to 
CaM.iii.liii^-ua. X.Y. ; n-pre.sonted that dist. in 
t'o:ii:r>s« in 1S03-5; and was a judge of the 
Ciivuit Court. 



Phelps, Sami'I'.l SnKTHAR, jari.sl and 
Mati>inan, t>. l.iiehtield, Cl., Mav 13, 1793; d. 
Miildlcbury, Vt.. Mar. 2^ IMS'. V.C. IKll. 
Son of Capt. John, a Kevol. HiliUer. lie was 
a |>aynia>ter in the amir at riattsbur); late in 
Is-U, aiul after ihe w;ir miKil a- a la»\crin 
Mid.llvburj M.ud»r of the I'ouneil ol' Eli- 
sors in l>'2'. and anilior of the nddnss by that 
NMy ; ineinlH-rof the le^;islali»e council hi' 1 SI I; 
iudji\' of the Sup. I'ourt of \'t. iu ISIU-S ; and 
I'.S. senator ls;Ut-,M and l.-^-Vt— i. Hi, s|>«vlu-!i 
in llic h-natr on the Clayton Cotuprvmiiso Bill, 
and on the Vt. Aniisla«-ry licsolulions, at- 
tr.u-tcd much attentiou. He Imd a hi^h repu- 
tation as a jurist and advocate. A bk^g. noticv 
is ill W'hi-i IliiirH-. xii. 93. 

Phelps, SvLVAM » DBYnEN, D.D. (Madis. 
Coll, ls.%4). b. SulKeld, Ct.. l!*16. Bri.wn I'. 
1S44. I'lL-lor 1st Bapt, Chutvh. New Haven, 
sino" Jan. i\, 1846. Author of " r.lo»nuni-e 
of Naiur>', and other roeins," 1842; ••Snn- 
liuhl and Ileartlijrht, and other I'ocius," 1856; 
"Holy Uiiiil, a Year's Tour." l!!63; " The 
Poet's Soii^^ for the Heart and the Homo," 
1867 ; •• Bible l-mds." v«lc.. 1869. Also poinis 
and sermons in piunphU't fonn ; " IntixHl. to 
Life and Times of Bunyau." 8vo, IS.'iS; and 
articles in |x'ri<Hlicals. — Allifviir. 

Philes, ltKi>Ri:u p.. Iin;;uist. biblio;rra| her, 
and stholar. b. lih.nca. N. Y., 15 Ayr. I8J8. 
Kducatvxl at Ithara Acad. Has ri'sidixi in NY. 
City since 1854, enpij:«I as a biKiksollcr and 
publisher. In 1857 he ni. Kmilena L.. dau. of 
Slanin Sanders of Cortland, N.Y. M.A. of 
Dartin. Coll. 1858. Conirib. to lit. journals 
under iheivscudonvmo of •■/'iin/ns.'si7ra(i<tri(<»; " 
tsliti-d •• The Phiiobiblion.'" 2 vols. 4to, N.Y. 
1862-3 ; as.slsu>d in im-|>arin': the •• Hill. Amrr. 
Wtiift." (tvmp. by Henry Harris,*,.), N.V.. IJco. 
P. Philes, 18ti6, imp. 8v\> and 4to: itliti-d ••The 
Bhairvat-liceta, or Dialogues of Krtvshna and 
Arjinni." &c.. 8vo. 1867, and a n'priul in black- 
letter of the •• IVoveriK-s, or Ada;.ii'S,"ic., I'mm 
Kra.sinns. by KviiUHnK Taiikrneb, L«>ndon, 
15.iO, N.Y, 1867, 8vo. We b,-lieve he is now 
euirat^xl in prejvirin;; a •• Dictionary of Anoiiy- 
inous and Ps»-udoiiynious Y.ng. and Aincr, Au- 
thors, with Hist, and I'ritical Not»-s." 

Philip, King (Meticom), Sachem of IV 
kanoket. Youun^-st son of Mivssasoit, and the 
surt-cssor in 1662 of his bro, Alexander ; killctl 
Auir. 12, 1676. In 1662 he prv>iiii:4xl at Plym- 
outh to continue in frimdshipwith the Knplish, 
and ni>t to disj>i»se of any of his territory with- 
out civin^ notiix-; in 1671. in consixjucnce of 
nimors of a j>lot a^inst the colonists and the 
occumnce of s<'vcml inunler>, a new acrix-- 
nient wxs finally entrnil into, by which Philip 
admiltol the supt-riority of the I'lymouth )^>vt. 
The luvlians wen", however, mjiiirwl to jiivc u)i 
their anus. — a measure whiih soon ptvdnix-d 
unfavor.di'.i' rvsults. In 1675. Sassamon, a rvm- 
viTte<l I'ulian. who hail informetl the Colony 
lh.it hostile pTT|>;tnilion» wi-re puin;; on, was 
killixl. His mnnlercrs werv tried. con\icti-d, 
and exiviiteil : and in rewnci- the Indians mi'.i^ 
dcntl 8 or 9 while men. The war that ensued 
was of a most hani.s«in; rharacti-r; the Indians 
a\oiilini: the whites in the lield. but rapidly 
nassinj; fnim one e\|«>s,M |«'iiit to anoihtr, 
burning villages, cutting otf detached panics by 



FHl 



713 



Fm 



BniljiKrnilc, and (ili<x>lin>; down nil wlio ven- 
tiir.d ontiiilc iif llic iiliucn of (irotfction. I'liilip 
fciniicd un ulli:inci: with tlie nowcrt'iil Narni^'ini- 
tn'tts; liut un i'.\|ic<lition unilir Win-low in l)ir. 
Iti7r) rt-sulu-d in tliu com|ilc-tc i-ulijn^iiiion of 
tli.it iribv;. Tliirt Idow, and tin.' conijilcte i\r- 
Btrnclion of liirt own tribe, »oon li^ft I'liilii) with- 
out rt'ficiiineii. l)(t-ertfd liy nil, he wa.-< minted 
from ii|)Ot to spot ; und at liL'-t, tiikiii',; iTfii;,'e ut 
Mount IIo|k;, wim iIktu attiu'kcd liy u |iai'ty 
iiniler Capt. Church, and wan killed hy un In- 
di.in while uttemptini; to ilee. In this wur 13 
toi' IM were destroyed , inuiiy others sufTererl se- 
verely ; and COO colonists were slain. I'hilip 
wii) hruve, crafty, und jwlitic; had j;reat influ- 
ence over til" |jii;,'lil)iinn(j tribes; and was im- 
placable in bis bativd of the colonists. 

Pbilipps, fiKN. Hicii.Hiu, gov. Xova Sco- 
tia J717-4'J, b. lOGl ; d. 1751. tie joined the 
army of William of (Jranjrc as capt. ; was at 
the battle of the Boyne in 1090; and was mode 
lient.-col. in 1712. lie was in Nova Scotia in 
1720— 'il, und was nn active and intelli;^Mit offi- 
cer, lie was, at his death, col. 38th Ue^t. 

Philleo, C.M.VI.N- \V., novelist, h. Vernon, 
N.Y., June 14, 1822 ; d. Sulfield, Ct., June .30, 
1 H:j8. A lawyer at Suffield from 1 847 to his d. 
Diirinij the lust 5 years of his life he waa a 
contrib. to (inihnmit, Putiiam'a, lltiqter'$, and 
tbi' Athiiiiir iiia^Mzincs. 

Phillips, Adelaide, vocalist, b. Stratford- 
on-Avon, Kiig., ia33. Made her dihia Sejit. 
2.^>, 184.3, at the Boston Mueeum, a» Little 
I'ieklc ; at the W'uliiiit-strcct Theatre, Pliila., 
July 17, 1840, as Kosa in ".John of I'aris;' 



uiv 
iid 



and wivs ion;^ a crcat favorite, and a useful 
inemlx^r of the IJoston Museum Company. 
1'os.sessing a remarkable contralto voice, she 
rcMilved ufKin its cultivation, and w.-is trained 
in Italy in IMj2-4, making; a successful dAnt 
at the Carcano, Milan, Ucc. I", 18.54, in the 
" Barlicr of Seville." In Oct. 185.') she app. in 
concert at the Music Hall, Boston ; first ajip. in 
opera at the N.Y. Academy, Mar. 17, 1850, as 
Azmiiii in " // Trocaiurc' — a part in which 
she is unrivalled, and which she played at the 
Italian 0|>cra House in Paris in fJctober, 18CI. 
She san;r ut the great Peace Jubilee in lioston 
in June. lMfi9. 

Phillips, (JEOROK, first minister of Water- 
town, Ms., from July 30, 1G30, to liisd. July 1, 
I'i44; b. Kainham, Norfolk Co., Eng., 1593. 
U. of Cambridge 1013 and 1017. Settled at 
Boxteil, Ivssex Co., Eng. ; but lieeame a non- 
cnnfomiist, and came to N. E. in June, 10.30. 
11 • was a learned scholar, and an ablcdis|iutant. 
Ilii work on "Infant-Baptism" was pub. 
1015. — M'lilirr's .y/w/ualia. 

Phillips, Henry, Jun., numismatist. 
Ml inlitr of the Pliila. bar. Author of " Ilisto- 
rv of the Paj>er-Mont7 of Pa.," 8vo, 1802; 
'■'N. Jersey Bills of Credit, 172.3-80," 8vo, 
1803; " Paper- Currency of the Colonies," 
1S03-6, 2 vols. 4to ; " Early Currency of Mary- 
land," 1807; " Medicine and Astrofogy," 8vo, 
1.807; "Pleasures of Numismatic Science," 
8vo. 1807. — /!//(■'-'««;. 

Phillips, Cot.. .loiiv ; d. Charlcstown, Ms., 
M ir. 20. 1720, a. 93 yrs. 9 mo. He was judge 
of the Admiralty Court ; trea«. of the province; 
col. of the regt. 1089-1715- a justice of the 



C. C. P.; one of the council 1089-1 710; and 

rcpres. 108.3-0. Samqe. 

Phillips, John, LL.D., merchant and 
pbilaiilbroiiist, b. Aiidover, Ms., Dec. 27, 1719 ; 
d. Kxcter, N.H., Apr. 21, 1795. H. U. 1735. 
Sou of Uev. Samuel of Audovir. He studied 
theology and preached for a time, but sub.sc- 
i|uently liccume a merchant ; and was for some 
years a member of the council of N.H. lie en- 
dowed a profcssornliip in Dartm, Coll. ; contrib. 
liberally also to N.J. Coll. April 21, 1778, he. 
with bisbro. Samuel, founded Phillips Acad, at 
Andover, giving to it S3l,0fX). Uniile a third in- 
terest in his estate; and in 17HI fouiidi-d I'hillij>s 
Acuil., Exeter, to which be gave 5I34.WJ0. 

Phillips, John, first niavor of Boston, 
1822-.3, b. Boston, Nov. 20, 1770; d. there May 
29,1823. II. U. 1788. Cousin of Licut.-Gov. 
William. Studied law, and at an early age 
wa.s app. attv. for Suffolk Co. During the last 
20 years of fiis life he was a member of the 
Stat<; senate, and 181.3-23 its pres. ; in 1809 
he became a judge of C. C. P. ; mcmljcr of the 
State Const. Conv. in 1820. 

Phillips, Piiii.ip, vocalist and musical 
compOBiT, b. Chautauqua Co., N.Y., 13 Au";. 
1834. His youth was Sficnt on a farm ; his 
leisure he devoted to music, completing his 
studies under Lowell Mason. He has since 
given sacred concerts in all parts of the U.S. 
App. in 1800 musical editor of tho Meth. Book 
Concern, N.Y. ; visiting Europe in 1809, ho 
sung in the principal cities there. Among his 
most popular works are " Musical Leaves," 
" Singing Pilgrim," " An Offering of Praise," 
and " New Standard Singer." 

Phillips, Samdel, Jun., LL.D., b. N. An- 
dover, Ms., I-cb. 7, 1752; d. Andover, Feb. 10, 
1^-02. H. U. I77I. Grandson of Kcv. Samuel 
(II. U. 1708), minister of Andover (17 Oct. 
1710 to his d. 5 June, 1771 ; b. Salem, 28 Feb. 
1090). Son of Samuel, a cxiuncillor of state, 
who il. July 21, 1790, a. 76. He was 4 years a 
member of the Ms. Prov. Cong., and one of its 
best s|)eakers ; a member of the Const. Conv. 
of 1779 ; a .Stale senator for 20 years following 
the a<lontion of the constitution, and 15 years 
pres. of that body; a judge of the C. C. P. 
(1781-98); commiss. of the State in Sliays's 
insurrection ; and licnt.-gov. at the time of his 
death. He was also much engaged in agric, 
manuf., and mercantile pursuits. He planned 
and organiisedat Andover the first incorporated 
academy in the State, and one of the first in iho 
country, gave it some lands, and procured 
endowments for it from his falh('r, uncles, 
and cousin, to the amount of 585,000. At his 
death he left to the town of Andover a fund of 
35,000, the income to be applied to the cause 
of education. He was a founder of the Amer. 
Acarl. of Arts and Sciences of Bo^ton. 

Phillips, Stephen Clarendov, philan- 
thropist, b. Salem, Nov. 4, 1801 ; lost by tho 
burning of " The Montreal " on the Kiver St. 
Lawrence, June 20. 1857. II. U. 1819. He Iw- 
gan to study law, but Ix^aine a merchant ; mem- 
ber Icgisl. in 1824-9; senator in 1830; again 
a representative in 1832 and '33; .M.C. 1834- 
8; mayor of Salem Dec. 1 838-March, 1842; 
and upon his voluntary retirement devoted tho 
whole of his salary as mayor to the public 



'U 



PHI 



•rhoois of the citv. In l»4S ami '49 he was 
tb,. Kr„-.„1 ,:.i;,li,l:i!.- i..r .:>.v. 11.- Ji»- 
chr ^ - »ilh 

al.i iinn»- 

n-ar- - r.luva- 

ikm. Aiuliiir ul' ■■ TIk- ^•un^a^■>^.^l^n'. tW-rvuv- 

Phillips, Wkspbll. or«ti>r and n;h>nmT, 
h. Boxii.n, Nov. 39. ISll. H.U. IMl ; C»mh. 
Ijw SiluKil. ISfVS. S«>ii ol John. tir>t ini«\or 
of B..-: ■! .\ !m 10 ihc 8uflolk Iwr in 1SS4. 
Till- tw sluvrrv qiuMion w«» at 

llii- , lit ; anil -Sir. rhilii|>s joined 

(111 1 IS36. r\limiui>liiii); invfi-s- 

sionKi 1 I uti.v Ml ISS9 from unwiljinsnc* to 
act untliT hi« Httorno,v'$ onih to th« Consiilii- 
tion of the l' S. His Hrst nu'nior»l>lo ,»|«Trh 
was n)H>le in Fancail Hall in IVr. IS^IT, ai a 
inociiu}; " to iioiive in a stiitablr luannrr tho 
mnrvUT, in iIh- city of Alton, 111,, of the Rev. 
KliJ.th V. Lovejov, who fdl in ilrfrnc* of th« 
frvwloni of tlw jirv*.<." At a mom<nt when 
lhi> |iur(>o>* of till" nieetinjr seonuM likolv to bo 
dofeaii'J. an>l its resolutions njoetevl.Vv the 
onpo'-ition of Attv.-Gen. Austin. Mr. Hhiilips 
who was anKtns the anJiencv, in an outburst 
of imliiinani eloquence at once nbuked Mr. 
Austin for the sentiments he hail utterwi. and 
Mvurwl the j>assaje of the resolutions. He 
was a |>rvininent advocate of the doctrines of 
the Oarrisoni.in abolitionists, who, believing 
the Oonstiiiition of the U.S. to he an initnonil 
cotn|wcl lK-tw»-en f»ve»lom and slavery. refuse\i 
it sup|>ort. aK-tainovl from voting, and labored 
for the diss»iluiion of the Vni»>n as ttie best 
means of fiwiiic the slaves, Mr. Phillips is 
now id>niitie\) with the prv>gress of the leniper- 
am>.', laUir-relonn, and woman's-righls move- 
nu'nts. He is « l"ro}uent public Uvturcr, and as 
an orator niiiks among the very I'orvniust 
America has prvxlucevl. Pivs. of the Amer. 
.\nti^l«very Siv, from 1565 until itsdis.'^ilution, 
9 April, ISTO: candidate of the LaUirreform 
party for gov, oi M-. in 1J70. His Speeclws, 
Livi'ures. and Ix'tters w«-re pnb, Boston, ISM ; 
" The Constitution a Prxwlaverv Ci-miwcl." 
Svo. l!<»4: "Can Abolitionists Vote or Take 
Offi.-e ! " lS4i : •• Review of Spooner's I' neon- 
siitutiona'ity of SlaTerv,"!»vo, IS47: "Review 
of Webster's Tih-of-Slarch Speech." IS,^0; 
"Review of Kossuth's Course,' ISil ; "IV- 
frn.-e I'l' t?io .\titislaTery Movement." Svo, 
IS.'-'- \ -- - " Svo,' IS59. He has con- 
tri! Uvnihir and to the Attti- 

PhilUps, WituRP, LLD.. A.A.S.. law. 
vvr aiiil .Aut'ior. b. Bridgewater, Ms,. Oee. 19, 
i:S4. HI" 1-10 : rii;,>r •h-re l^■ll^l^. He 
pmcnn*\l i ' n by 

leacliin,'. • law 

in BosKiii, n the 

editi>rshi,-i < , .^ ,'» .» n ..• ". > [ ue was, 

nniil 1 S.t4. a contnb. in I S3i and i6 he was a 
member ol the State legist. He gave up prae- 
ttv'e in 1 S4S ; was jiid:.-e of probate tor Sultolk 
Co. in IS,S9-4T ; and has been ptrs. of the 
N.E. Mutual Life Insurance Co. sinise 1S43 ; in 
IS.1T-4I he was one of the oimmiss, who 
ie«!ucvvl the law of crimes and puiiishments to 
a svstenntii-<-o>le. He pub. in 1512 a |vinu>hlei 
cnuticd "An Appeal to the Pnblic Spini of 



the Federalistit and the Good Sense of tha 
IVitHX-rats ; " " Trewtise on Insurano-," 152.1, 
5th edition, 8 %vl*. Svo, 1S6S; "Treatise on 
Patents," IS37; "Inventor'* Gui«le." IS3?; 
"A Manual of Political Keononiy." IS2S; 
" Prv|a>sition< eoiKvniing Pr«t«tion and 1' v« 
Trade." I55<>. He wrote, among oilier ariHl>-« 
for the " F.llcyclo|>ll.^lia AuKiicana." one on 
" Poltiiial bxononi} ." and in ISSipub. ailit:r>t 
of the first S vols, ol Pit kcriiig's " Ripon»." 
With Edwani Pickering he edited the first 
Ainer. rvliiion of " Coll»-er on IVirtnership." 
In 1512 he was a et>ntrib. to the (i'k />'/«» >a>y 
iiixf /iTrnr. and tor some vears edited and pub. 
the .1»<r„>ia JmmV. 

Phillips, William, a British gv-n. ; d. 
Petersburg. Va., May IS, 1751. App. eapu 
of art. Mai. 1756: brev. lieut.-nil. 1760; eul. 
May 25, 1772; and ni.tj.-gen. in .lune. 1776, in 
Bupgoine's exped. Hesi-rvt'd with civdit in 
Genuany ; was taken prisoner with Btiryoyna 
in «.»ci. 1777; exchanged in Nov. 1779; and 
was actively engagxd at the Sooth until his 
death. In the .spring of 1751 he was sent from 
New York with 2.tHK) men to join Arnold, thin 
•I the Chesapi-ake. After a briif earwr of 
devastation in Va., he was rarried ofl" bv a lever. 
He was haughty and irritable, and \ieid ihe 
Aim rii ans in great conieuipi. 

Phillips, William, lieut.-goT. of M«. 
1512-23, b Bcsnin. Apr 10. 175«l; d. .May 26, 
1S27. Son of Win . a beuefacior of Andovir 
Sent., who d. Jan. 15, 150«, a. 52. He engaged 
in business with his father, and acouirvil a lor. 
tune; w.is an anient |<alnol of the lievol ; was 
several years a r«'pr«-s»-niative alter 15»X>; and 
at his death bequeathed large sums to I1iilli|>s 
Acad.. Andover Tlu-ol. Sein., and oilier insti- 
tutions. His s<.in JoXATiny, also a philan. 
ihrvpic merchant ol Boston, and a member of 
the Ms l.'uisl , b. 2-4 Apr. 1775. d. 29 Julv. 15i.O. 

Phillips, William Wirt, I). iV (Col. 
Coll. 1526). IVesb. elergvman, b. Montji'im-rv 
Co.. N. Y, 23 Sept, 1796; d. N Y. Citv. -.0 
Mar. 1565 l"n. Coll. 1S15; New Brun^wi.k 
Thi-ol. Sem. *>r\l. Apr 1515 over the Pi'url- 
street Church, New York ; iransli'm-d in 1526 
to the Wall-street Church ; ofu-rw.irds removed 
lo Fifth .-Kveniie. where he officiated till his 
death. He held many im^mrtanl trusts in his 
denominativ^n. and was in 1SS5 niudenitor of 
the Gen. .\ssenibly. 

Pbipps, Hen'rt, Earl of Mulgrave. a Biit- 
ish geii, b. 1755; d. Aiiril 7, 1531. Educatol 
at Eton, and intended for the l.<w; he enn-red 
Ihe army in 1775; was aide-le^^amp to Kiiyp- 
hauscn in 1776; served through the AnK'iic.in 
war; was disting. at the siege of Toulon in 
1794; rv'se to ihe rank of gen. in lSt»9; and 
U-i-ainc an ear' in 1512. 

Phips, ."si-i.MER, lient.-i.'ov of Ms b 
Rowlev. Ms.. June 6. 1655: ' \ — ' : '■•- 
Iir 17lVi .>v.n of I>r Oav 
lev ; and on l-cing adopt, d 
\\ m Phi|>.s. t>K>k by statute ;.. ...... 

He was a ixiuncitlor in 1722 ; was !* times re- 
elivtetl ; was lieut.-gov. in 1731—57. and admin- 
islere»l the govt. tr\>m Sept. 1749 to 175t. and 
in 1756-7 His son I»avid (H. C. 1741) d. 
Bath, Eng.. in 1 51 1 . a. 57. .\ proiuineni loyal- 
ist of Boston; weal to Halifax iu 1776, 



715 



Fhips, or PhlppB, Sill William, gov. 
afM*,, l>. WooUvirh, Me., Feb. 2, IB.'il ; rl. 
London, Feb. 18, 1095. lie wns one of 2G 
cbililren ; wiis at flr<t a sbephcnl ; nt tbo iifje 
of 18 bdiitiil bimself to a. «lii|)-<'ar|)cnter, iinil 
leunii'd to rcud and write. In 1684 be went to 
Kn;;. to proenro means to recover tbe tri'innro 
from " Spiinisb vessel wrceked nenr tbe liaba- 
inas. Iliit lirst Hearcb, for wbicli a national 
ve.^ael wns farnLshcd liim, was iinsuecemfiil ; 
in a seeond attempt in 1C87, at tbe cost of the 
Duke of Albemarle, be recovered from tbe 
wreck irensnri' to the amonni of £'I(IO.OOO, of 
wliieli £16,000 was (,'iven bim as bis sb;ire. 
lie was also kni^'hted, and app. hi^'b sheriff of 
Niw lOnf;. In IG90 lie com. the fleet which 
captured Port KojUl, also a much liir(.;er one 
Bent a>,'iiinst Quebec without success. lie 
arrived in Boston in Nov., and was made a 
nmyisiratc of tbe colony, hut soon revi^ited 
Kngbind to induce tbo (jovt. to send another 
cxjiedition to Canada. ThrouKb the inflneiice 
of Increase Mather, the ajjent of Ms. in Kuu'-. 
lie was app. gov. of the province, and urriveil 
in Boston, May 14, lfi02; in Au^'. he sailed 
with ah. 450 men to I'einaquid, where be built 
a tort. Summoned in IGOi to I'n;;. to answer 
complaints which bad been l)rou(;ht a'^ainst 
him, he ilicd there very suddenly. He was 
a lovir of his country, a man of uncommon 
enterprise and industry, and of an excellent 
disposition ; hut tbo violence of bis temper 
weakened his inlluencc. He is much eulo;;ized 
by Cotton Mather, bis pastor, with whom ho 
co-opi'ratcd in tbe witchcraft delusion. — .Sw 
A'/' fu/ I hilly II in SjiiirhH'it Am. IVnij. 

Physic, PniLLip Syno, M.D. CEdiiiburgh, 
1702), an eminent physician and surKCon, b. 
Phila. July 7, 17G8; d. there Dec. 15, 18.37. 
U. of Pa. 'l7S5. His father, an Englishman, 
had charge of the estates of the Penn family. 
Ho r 'ceivcd his early education at the Friends' 
Ac id. ; studied medicine ; went to Europe in 
Nov. 1733; liccame thi^ private pupil of John 
llnntr, and in 1790 wa.s adin. to St. Gcorfje's 
II^)SJ)iIal as houve-surfjeon. On 1 ■aving it, be 
roieived lii.s diploma from the Roy. Coll. of Sur- 
geon.'* in Lond.; was invited by Dr. Hunter 
to assist him in his professional business, and 
romainc'l with liiui a year. After a year's at- 
tendance on the lcctur-8 of the university, and 
vi-iiin,' the Royal Infirmary at Edinb., Dr. 
Physi;' returned to Phila. ; commenced the 
practice of medicine; and in 179.3, on the ap- 
pearance of the epidemic, was app. phvsirian to 
the Yellow-fever Hospital at Bush 'Hill; in 
1794 one of the 8iir;,'ion» of the Pa. Hospital ; 
on the re-ajipearance of the ycllo.v-f ver was 
B'^jain resident physician at the Busb-bi]! Hos- 
pital ; and in l«01-!6 wag sur;.'eon-fxtr. to the 
Phila. Almshouse Inliruiarv; in 1805 he was 
app. prof, of sur^erv in tlietJ. ofPn. ; in 1819- 
31 he filled the chair of anatomy; in 1821 
was app. consuliinK «iirt;eon to the Inst, for 
the Blind; in 1821wa«electidpriB.of the Phila. 
Med. Soc. ; in 1825 Ixcame a inemher of the 
Roy. Acid, of Med. in France; and in 18.36 an 
hoii. f How of the Roy. Med. and Chirurnical 
Soc. of Lond. As ajiractical surgeon, Dr. P. 
had no rival in the; U.S. ; and he was exceed- 
ingly i)0])ular as a lecturer. Author of valuar 



ble communications to the medical journals.— 
Sw. M<-muir till .Inim Drll in (ir'm'H Mnl. Hirx/. 
Fiatt, John James, poet, b. .Milton, Ind., I 
Mar. 1835, Nephew of Donn Pi^itt, writer and 
politiei;i;i, and of Abram Hinders Piatt, poliil 
cal and poetical writer, lie learned the print 
ing-bnsinesi, and attended tbe C'oluiiilius Iligh 
school and Kcnyon Coll. He lutcame known 
by his poetical contribs. to ihe /x/H/*w//e ./o«). 
mil in 1858; bcaiiic a contrib. to the .l</«ni!/c 
Moiil/ili/ in 1859; and in I860, in conjunction 
with W. D. HowelN, pub. a vol. of " Poems 
of Two Friends." — Six Poeta and Poiiri/ of llie 

W'Ul. 

Pichon, Thomas («//a» Thomas Sigkis 
TviiiiELl.), b. France ;d..Ier«ey, 1782. Ho was 
brought up a medical student at Marseilles, and 
was insp. of hospitals in Bohemia in 1743; 
sec. to Count Raymond, the Fren<h gov. of 
Cape Breton, 1751-3; and was afterward coin- 
miss, of stores at Fort Beausejonr until its cap- 
ture in 1755. All the whil(^ lie held these 
Sjsts, lie was furnishing information to the 
ritish officers, from whom he reeeiv(;d inoniry, 
and articles of dress. lie was in Lond. from 
1758 till his death. He pub. anonymously a 
work on Cape Breton and St. .lolin Island, 
containing accurate descriptions of tbe Indians 
and other valuable information, Lond. 1760, 
and Paris 1 761. He claimed the name of 
Tyrrell as that of liis mother's family. 

Pickens, Andrew, brig.-gcn. Uevol. ar- 
my, b. Paxton, Bucks Co., Pa., 13 Sept. 1739; 
d. Pi'ndlcton Dist., S.C, 17 Aug. 1817. His 
parents^ who were of Huguenot decent, re- 
moved in 1 752 to the Waxliaw Settlement, S.C. 
He was a vol. in Col. Grant's cxjicd. against 
the ClierokecH in Apr. 1761, after which he re- 
moved to the Long Cane Settlement. At the 
outset of the Rcvol. he was made a capt. of 
militia, but ro.s<' rajiidl y, throu','b courage, skill, 
and zeal, to the rank of bri;;.-gen. In the 
darkest time, wlun lie- South was overrun by 
the cni'iny, .tnd siillind IVoin the Tories all the 
horror^ <ifiivil war, li", nitli .Marion and iSum- 
ter, krpt aliv tin' sjiirit of n'sisiancc. In Feb. 
1 779, with 400 men, be defeated Col. Boyd mth 
800 Tories at Kettle Creek ; bad his horso 
killed under him while covering the retreat at 
the battle of Stono, 20 June, 1779 ; and in that 
year inflicted a severe deleat on the Cherokees 
at Tomass e; at the battle of the Cowpens, 17 
.Ian. 1781, he com. tbe militia, whom he rallied 
.ind brought a sreond time into .action after they 
li.nd iK'cn broken and compel li'd to retreat, for 
which seniec Con^trcss voted bim a sword ; in 
June he capturrd Augusta, lla. ; and at thehat- 
tb' of Eutiw, whire be com. the Carolina militia, 
was struck by a bullet, which, but for striking 
the buekb' of bis sword-belt, would have in- 
flicted a morrtal wound. By a successful exped. 
against the Cherokees in 1782, he obtained a 
large cession of territory now embraced in the 
State of Ga. Member of the S.C. bgisl. from 
the close of the war to 1794; M.C. 1793-5; 
mcmb'-rof the .State Const. Conv. ; made' inaj.- 
gen. of militia in 1795 ; and again in the legisl. 
until 1801 and in 1812. Comiiiiss. in many 
treaties with the Southern Indi.ins; by that of 
Hopewell he obtained from the Cherokees the 
portion of the State of S.C. now called Pen- 



PIO 



ri6 



£•10 



ditton and Gn-cnrillo. Ho won aftor settled 
at Uop»>wi'll, on Kcowcv Kiver, whin- iho tn-a- 
ty was hfld. lu 1763 lu-msiri-tl Ui'lwcva Cal- 
houn, utint of John C. IK* w:is iMiuirkable 
for siiii|ilk'itv, dc\ Uion, and pruik'iuv, and tor 
th • Strap loui ixTiiinuancc of duty. His son 
Andrkw, gov. of S.C. 1S16-13, an ahlo law- 
yer, d. Pontot.vk. M|.i., 1 July, IS-^s. 

Pickens, Fuancis W., stat^'sman, h. To- 
g-.idoo, 8i. Paufs rarish, 8.C.. Apr. 7. l!*07 ; 
5. i;j.n Hold, S.C , Jan. 2^, 1869. Son of Got. 
Andr^'w. Educat^xl at S.C Coll. Was in 1829 
adtn to th« bar, and K-j-.'.n practioe in Eils>»- 
field l)i t. DuriM;^ the nuUilioation o.vciii lui'Ut 
in lS3i, he distins. himself in tho l>vi>l. as a 
dob-Ttor ; w.us prominent on the ooinniitto^'S on 
the jiidievirv and on foroi^n relation-; : lu.do a 
ropi«rt in 1S33. as chairiu:tn of a siih-coni., to 
ih^vrtlct that Coniin-sa, as the agi-nt and inotv 
ctvaturv of the Stall's sovorally. had no elaim 
toalL' ;iane--",and i-oiild exorci>o no soven'i'.:ntv. 
M.C. lS.15-tJ. lu IS-^e he made an oloborato 
spoi-ch, d.nvin^ thi- ri^ht ol"Conjnv>s to abol- 
ish slavi-ry i;i the Oist. of Col. ; in 1S44 he \v;»s 
eli-cted to the S.C. svnato. lie voti-<l with the 
lu^joritv a^nst the " Blntfton niovem.nt," 
a soeessuiu dinioustration then in projirvss in 
the State, ndvocatovl hy Gov. Hiuuniond and 
oth r prvinunent men ; was a member of the 
XashviUo Southern Conv. in 1850-1 : presided 
over the State conv. ealleil to ekvt deUvates to 
the ;.:\n. Demoe. e<inv. in 1S54 ; was a dole^te 
totliateonv.in ISoCat Cin'innati; was minister 
to Russia in 1857-60; and, when S.C. declared 
i:3 sootw-sion from the Union, was choson its 
cov. He immediately dem;:ndi->l of Maj. An- 
derson the surrender of Fi>rt Suiutcr, and while 
ia oiliit) did all in his ixiw.r in aid of the Re- 
K'Uiou. He w:v< sueci\Mal l>y Uonham in 1862. 
He wrs a planter of •jreat wealth, jrave much 
attention to seientilic a^eulmre, and won 
mneh r.-pute in the Southern Slates as an ora- 
tor In-fore e\>ll>-^^ and linr.iry societies. 

Pickens, Isk.vel, :»v. of .\la. 1821-5, K 
Calwmis Co., X.C. ; d. near Matanr^s. April 
2S, 1827. He semM one year in the X.C. le- 
gisl. : was M.C. m 1811-17 ; was app. register 
of the land-ortieo of Mpi. Terr, in 1817; aft r^ 
\nud reraored to Ala. ; and was U.S. s«nator 
in 1826. 

Pickering, Cn.»RLE9, M.D. (H C. 1826). 

naturalist, grandson of Col. Tiroothv, b. Sus- 
quehanna Co., Pa.. Xov. 10. 1805. After 
praetiT-iiig medicine 11 years in t'hilo., he was 
attached as naturalist to Wilkes's explorini: 
exped. in 1838-42; then went to India and 
Easieni Africa, and pub. the results of hi* re- 
searches into the characteri-tics of their various 
tribes, in his " R.ieos of Man and their Geo- 
pniphical Di-iiribuiion." 4to. 1848; and "Ge- 
ographical Distri'Mition of .\nimals and Man." 
1854. Author, a!s<.>. of a work on the " Geo- 
graphical Ilisirilnition of I'lants," pub. ISGl. 
In 1858 he eommunietited to the Anier. Orien- 
tal S<K-. an c*s;iv on the Invention of the Art 
of Writing ; anJ, lieforv the Boston Xat. Hist. 
S«K-., notes on the Slinging Power of the Phy- 
salia. 

Pickering, Ch vrlf* W.,eommo USX, 
b. X II Midshipm. May 22. 1822 : lient. P.-e. 
e, 18;t8; com. Sept. 14. 1855; capt. July 15, 



186S ; eonimo. (retired list) Feb. 1, 1867 
In 1832—) he made his lirst rrui«c with his un- 
cle, Capt R. T. S()cneer, in "The Cyanc;"' 
exoruilvc officer of this vessel in 1854, eonrey- 
iiig Lieut. Strain and hi* exploring-party to 
Harion, and afterwanl rescuing, and returning 
lliem to X Y. ; com. " The Keari^irgx' " in the 
Minlit. and W. I. islands 1862-.-1; cm. "The 
Hon^atonic." when hlnwu up off Charleston, 
Feb. 17. 1864, by a sul>-m«rine ior)ie<lo ; after- 
wanl i-ora. steamer " Vanderbili " at capture of 
Ft Ki>.lier. — //iiiiKr.i'v. 

Pickering, IIksby, poet, b. Xewbuigh, 

XV . lit t!ie lieadiiimrters of Washington, Oct. 
8. 1781 ; d. X.Y. May 8, 1838. Thir.1 son of 
Col. Timothy. Kngagetl in niervaiitile pur- 
suits in Salem, and aOcrward in X.Y. City. 
An eilition of his poems was pub. in Bo>ton 
in I8.U. — />.i*.-i/.i.-i-. 

Pickering, John. LL.D. (Damn. Coll. 
17it2). lawyer and jurist, b. Xewington, X.H., 
S'lii. 22, 1737; d. Portsmouth, Apr. 11, 1805. 
II. U. 1761. A prominent member of the i-onv. 
which fornuM the conft. of X.H. ; in 1787 he 
was eUvlevI a member of the conv. which 
framed the Const, of the U.S , hut deolineil ; 
he w-as a judge of the Supreme Court of S H. 
in 179<^j, and was at one period chief justice ; 
sulisequently he was jndgc of the Ot-L Court 
of the U.S. for X.H ; but, his reason bewming 
iin)wii\sl. lie was removed from office by im- 
jK'aehinent in 18«14. 

Pickering, Jons. LI. O. (Bowd. 1822; 
H.U. 18)5). pTnlologi«t. and writer on law. b. 
Salem, Ms., Feb. 17, 1777; d. B.»Ion. May 5, 
1846. II. U. 1796. Son of Col. Timothy. 
He stn lied law in Phila. ; was in 1797 ajiii. see. 
of legation to Portugal ; w-as 2 vears in lA)nd. 
as private sec. to Rufus King, L'.S. minister ; 
in 1801 returned to Salem, ^e^ulned hi- legal 
studies, commenced practice, and remained 
there until 1827, when he rvmoved to Bi'-^ion; 
and was city solicitor from 1829 until his 
death. His practice w.is large; but by great 
industry, and economy in the use of time, 
hi> labors in general lit , and philolo^-y in par- 
ticular, made him one of the most prolound 
scholars in the country, and even of the age. 
Ho was 3 times reprv!*niative from Salem, 
twice a senator from Essex, and oni-c frwm Suf- 
folk, and was a member of the Executi\-« 
Council; in 1833 he was a memb<>r of the 
commission for revising and amin!.ing the 
statutes of Ms. The (van entitled " t'l the In- 
ternal Administration of Govt." was exeeu'e\l 
hy him. He contrib. to the Auxr. Jurist ; to 
the Ijiic Itrfvrtrr of 1841 an article of singu- 
lar merit, on Xational Rights and Slate Ri;;his ; 
to the .V. -t. /I'n-iVirfor Ocl 1840 an article 
on Convey«ncini;in .\ncient Kgypi. Author of 
" Remarks on (ireek tlnimmars.' 1825 ; " The 
V>x-.iliulnry of .\mericanisms." 1816; an ess,ty 
on '■ The Uniform Orihi>gr.iphy of the Indian 
Liiiguaje," 1820 ; " Indian Ijingtiages of 
Amer. : " an artic'e on the Chinese language, 
on the CcK-liin-Chinese languagx-; and raanr 
pro<luetions of an analogies character. His 
princi|>al work was a Groek and Eng. Le.xiet^n, 
begun in 1814, but not tini«he<l until 1826. 
He was mor« or less familiar with 22 diflv-rent 
languaj,-es, the Egyptian hieroglyphics, iha 



PIC 



717 



PIK 



Slalay in several diiilects, and particularly the 
Indian laniitiajres of Amur, and of the rolvne- 
sinn I'^laiids. In 1806 he was elciied Ilancoek 
prof, of Hebrew in H.U., and at a later day 
was invited to fill the chair of Greek liteniture. 
Prcs. (i( the Amer. Acad, of Arts and Sciences, 
and <if the Oriental Soc. of Boston, and a mcni- 
h'T of many scientific and literary societies in 
Ijnrope. 

Pickering, Oct-wius, LL.D., lecist and 
natnralist. I). Wvomin;,', I'a., Se|it. 2, 17!)2; d. 
Boston, Oct. 29,' 186S. H.»i 1810. Adm. to 
iho Suflolk bar, March 6, 1816 ; opened an of- 
fice in Boston and assisted in reporting; the 
])roccedin;;8 of the State Const. Conv. in 1.120 ; 
State reporter in 1822-40; and PiekcrinK's 
" Reports," in 24 vols. 8vo, form a necessary 
p.irt of every good law-library. lie resiilcd in 
Knrope in 1S41-8 ; was many years a member 
of the Ainir. Acad, of Arts and Sciences ; and 
in Dec. 1814 was one of the fonnders of the 
organization now known as the Boston Soc. of 
Nat. Hist. He pub. in 1867 the first vol. of 
tlic Lite of Col. Tiino. Pickering, his father ; 
with \V. II. Gardner, " Report of the 'I'rial 
■ of .Indgc .lames Prescott," 8vo, 1821. 

Pickering, Timothy, LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 
17'J-i). .loMicr and statesman, b. Salem, Ms., 
K.JnIy, 174.'); d. there 29 Jan. 1829. II.U. 
170.3. " Adm. to the bar in 1768, ho became the 
champion and leader of the Whigs of ICsse.x 
Co. ; was on the com. of corresp. ; and wrote 
and delivered the address of the people of Sa- 
lem to Gov. Gage, in 1774, on the occasion of 
the Boston Port Bill. He first opposed an 
armed resistance to the British troops, when, 
26 Feb. 1775, he, while a col. of militia, at a 
drawbridge in Salem, prevented their crossing 
to seize tome military stores. He had been 
reg of deeds; and in 1775 was app. a judge of 
C.C.P. for Kssex Co., and sole judge of the 
Maritime Conn for the middle dist. He joined 
Washington in N.J. in the fall of 1776 with 
lii.-> regt. of 700 men ; was made adj. -gen. of 
the army in May, 1777; was present at the 
battles of the Brandywinc and Germantowrt; 
was made by Congress a member of the lioarj 
of war in Nov.; and succeeded Greene as qnar- 
tcrmastcr-gcn. 5 Aug. 1780. After the war he 
resided in I'hila., and in 1786 was sent by the 
govt, to adjust a controversy between various 
claimant.s to the Wyoming settlement. During 
this dispute he was waylaid near Wilkesbarre, 
Pa., bv a band of disguised persons. In June, 
I7S8, 1'mprisoned, ill-treated, and bis life threat- 
eneil ; 20 days afterward he re-nppearcd, but 
was so much changed by his sufferings and 
hardships, that his chililrer. fled nlfrighted from 
his presence. (See account of this in his let- 
ter in Hazard's "Register of Pa.," vul. vii.) 
In 1787 he was the delcg. of Liizi-rne Co. to 
the Pa. conv. for considering the U.S. Const., 
and earnestly favored its adoption ; U.S. post- 
master-gen. 7 Nov. 1791-2 Jan. 1795, and at 
the same lime much employed in negotiations 
'vith the Indians; U. S. sec. of war 2 Jan. 
1794-10 Dec. 1795; and U.S. sec. of state 10 
U.c. 179.5-12 Mav, 1800. He left office p"or, 
and, building a log-hut lor his family, settled 
on some wild lands in Pa. The lilKTnlity of 
friends enabled him to return to Salem at the 



closeoflSOI. Made chief justice of 'he Fssox 
Co. C.C.P. in 1802; U.S. senator in 180.3-1 1 
member of the council in 1811; membir of 
the board of war of Ms. during the war of 
1812-15; and M.C. 181.5-17. He was one of 
the leaders of the Federal party in the U.S. ; 
member of the Pa. Const. Conv. of 1790 ; and 
was active in promoting the cause of education. 
He pub. " Kasy Plan of Discipline for a Mili 
tia," Salem, July, 1775; " I.,ctter to Gov. Sul- 
livan on the Kmbargo;" "Addresses to the 
People," 1808; "Political Essays," &c., ISnio, 
1812; and a severe " Review of the Corresp. 
between John Adams and W. Cunningham." 
1824. He was a talented writer, a brave and 
patriotic soldier, anrl a disinterested, able, anti 
energetic public officer. Plain and unassnm- 
ing in manner, he excelled in conversation. — 
See Life hi/ his Son Oclrwiiis. vol. i. 1867. 

Pickett, Col. ALnEnx James, author of 
a "History of Alabama," 2 vols. Charleston, 
1851 ; b. Anson Co., N.C., Aug. 13, 1810; d. 
Montgomery, Ala., Oct. 28, 1858. He went 
with his father to Ala. in 1818; studied law, 
but never practised ; and, after his maniage in 
1832, di-votid himself to literary pursuits and 
the care of his jilautation. 

Pickett, BvRoN M., a eelf-taught sculptor, 
b. Jordan, Onondaga Co., N.V. Author of 
several beautiful marbh" works, among others 
" CEnone," exhibited at the Nat. Acad, in 1868. 
Has recently produced a fine statue of S. F. B. 
Morse. 

Pickett, George E., pen. C.S.A., b. Rich- 
mond, 25 Jan. 1825. West Point, l.«46. Served 
in the Mexican war, earning the brevets of I st 
licut. and capt.; eapt. 9th Inf. 3 Mar. 1855; 
resigned 25 June, 1861. He joined the Confcd. 
army as col. in Se])t. 1861 ; brig.-gen. 14 Feb. 
1862; maj.-gcn. 10 Oct. 1862; severely wounil- 
cd at Gaines's Mill 27 June, 1862; com. a div. 
at Fredericksburg, at Gettysburg, attack on 
Newbcrn, N.C. ; in Feb. 1864 captured Plym- 
outh, N.C.; sunounded and lost most of'his 
div. at Five Forks ; and surrendered with Lee. 
Pierce. — See also Peauci; and PiiinCE. 
Pierce, Benjamin, gov. of N.ll. in 1827- 
9, b. Chelmsford, M .,Dcc. 25, 1757; d. Hills- 
borough, N.II., Apr. 1, 1839. His early years 
were passed in farm-labors. Hearing of the 
conflict at Lexington, he immediately joined 
the patriot army at Cambridge ; was In the 
battle of Bunker's Hill ; earned his commis- 
sion of ensign at the battle of Bemis Hiights; 
subsequently became a lieut., and served with 
bravery to the close of the war. Afterward a 
brig.-gen. of militia; from 1789 to 1802 a 
member of the Gen. Court; in 1803-9 ami in 
1814-18 councillor; and in 1809-14 and 1818- 
23 high sheriti' of the eountv. Futher of 
Franklin Pierce, 14th pn'S. of the U.S. 

Pierce, Franklin, 14tli prcs. U.S., h. 
Hillsborough, N.H., 23 Nov. 1m04; d. Con- 
cord, N.II., 8 Oct. 1869. Bowd. Coll. 1824. 
Son of Gov. Benj. He stndi'd law under L«vi 
Woodbury; was adm. to the bar in 1827; prac- 
tised first at Ilill.sborou'rh, and ab. 1838 moved 
to Concord. In 1834 he m. Jane .Means, dau. 
of Hev. Dr. Appleton. M.C. in 1833-7 ; U.S. 
senator 1837-42 ; he refused theoHiccsof atty.- 
gen. and sec. of war, tendered by Mr. Polk; 



I>IS3 



lis 



PIE 



ri^rously siipportod the annexation of Texas; 
wiis inmli' col. I61I1 U.S. Inf. after the linaking- 
out of the Mv.xicun wiir ; app. bri;;.-);<n. 3 
Mar. 1847; coin, n large riM?nforceni<nt for 
the anny of Inn. Sco-i, anil was .»evir,-Iy in- 
jnnil by the fall of his liur.-e uion liU I. g 19 
Au^. 1847. He prcsiilod ov. r the N.U. Const. 
Conv. in the wintt-r of IMO-l. At the Na- 
tional Uenioc. eonv., June, 1852, the prominent 
eundiJatca tor the pn-sideucy were Ca*.*, Bu- 
chanan, and Dou;;la.s. Aller 35 liallot.s with- 
out dt-clMve r<'>ult, the name of Gen. I'iercc 
was in\)|)0,-ied ; and he was nominated on the 
49th lullot. lie was elccud for the tenn of 
M.ir. 4, 1S53-7, T<v ivin;: 254 eU'ctoral votes 
to 42 for his Whig eoinnetitor, Gin. Scott. In 
his inau);. hed nouncij tlie n^ntation of slave- 
ry. His ndinini~ti-iuio!i was siirnalized by the 
acquisition fnmi Mexico of Ari;'ona; the or- 
ganization of the Tcrriiorie.* of Kansns and 
Nebraska, by which the Mo. Compromise Act 
was r»-|vale(l, aud slavery jxTmittcd to enter 
tho-e Tcrritoriis, — a measure which aroused the 
inili_-naiion of the fn'e Siaiie, and created 
{jivat excitement ; and by thr troubles u Kan- 
sas, caused by the cilorts to make of it a slave 
State, contrary to the wish-.'s of a larj^; mnjoi^ 
itv of its citizens. In Aup. 1854, Mr. Pierce 
directed the American ambassadors, Buchanan, 
M:ison, and Soule, to confer on the best means 
of acquiriii;; Cuba. They met at Ostend, and 
issued the " Ostmd Manilesto," the purjiort of 
which was. that, if Spiiiii would not sell Cuba, 
the Americans would take it by force. Ho 
used his ollicial intluence to promote the de- 
sij^is of till- proslavi ry |)arty in Kansas. Jan. 
24, 1 856, he sent a messape to Congress, rep- 
resenting the formation of a free-State govt, 
in Knnsius as an act of rel>ellion. During the 
Rebellion, he was strongly in sympathy with 
the secessionists. As a la\VTcr lie acquired an 
cxtcn-ive practice. — 5f« las Life ly Sathamd 
Iltircihorne, 1S52. 

Pierce, George Edmosb, D.D. (Mid. 
Coll. 1-3?), pns. W. Res Coll. 1S34-55, b. 
Sotithburv, Ct., 9 Sept. 1794 ; d. Hudson, O., 
27 Mav,'l87l. Y.C. 1S16; And. Theol. 
Sem. 1821. Princi|>al FuiriMd Acatl. 1816-18; 
ord. pastor Cong, church, Harwinton, 10 Jalv, 
I S22. 

Pierce, Geoboe Foster, D.D., bishop of 
the M. E. Chunh, b. Greene Co., Ga., Feb. 3, 
1811. Ininklin Coll. 1829. lie b.-gan to 
stiiJv law, but was ndm. into the Ga. conf. at 
M<\-bn in 18.30. With the exception of the 
year 1834, during which he was stationeil in 
.Charliston, S.C, he lalxjred in the nrrnilar 
liiinisiry in various parts of Ga. nntil 1838-9, 
when he became lirst plies, of the Ga. female 
(now Wesleyan) college in M.icon. Whi.o 
here, he edited, jointiv with P. Pendleton, the 
S-^-'th-n, Latlii's fi'w('. Pas. of Emory Coll., 
Ga., from 184^ until his election to the epi-ico- 
pacy in 1 854. Author of " lucidcnts of ne-t- 
orn Travel," cd. bv T. O. Summers, D.D., 
IJnio, 1:57. 

Fierce, John, den. pnvmnster-gen. Revol. 
nr.iv; rl. .\.V. Citv, Julv."l788. 

Pierce, Joiix,' D.D". (U.U. I822). Cong, 
iiiini-ter, b. Dorchester, Ms., July 14, 1773 ; 
d. Brootline, Ms., Aug. 24, 1849. 'H.U. 1793. 



Tutor, 1796. The son of n shiwnmk. r Ho 
9|icnt two yuiro in tcnchinL', and llic 1 oiuilicd 
ilicoli'gy ; mill Mar. 15, 1797, was onl. over the 
First Cong. Church, Urookline, Mi<.,ofwliicli lie 
WHS sole ]uistor for half a century. Mcinberof 
the Acad, ol Arts and Sc ienceii. and ol the M-. 
Hist. Soc. For sevenil years he was pre». of 
the Ms. Bible Soc. In all matters apficrtuin- 
ing to family and literary statistics he was a 
pixidigy. He had 18 quarto vols, of 6<HI pages 
each, of his own MS., containing memoirs and 
memorabilia. He nub. " Halt^-cntury Dis- 
course at Brooklinc,' Mar. 1847 ; " SkJleh of 
Brookline," in •' Ms. Hist. Colls.," 2d scr. vol. 
ii. 

Pierce, Willi.^m, statesman, of Ga., aidc- 
de-tamp to Gen. Greene in the Kcvul. war, 
and presenteil with a swonl by Con;;rcss ; dele- 
gate to the OU\ Congress from Ga. 1 7SC-7 ; jmd 
member of the conv. «hieh framed the U.S. 
Constitution. He nub. his imprtssions of 
the members of that Innly in a Savannah pn|ier 
long afterward. 

Pierpont, Jous, clergyman and poet, b. 
Liichtielil, Ct., Apr. 6, I78j'; d. Mc<lfor<l. Aug. 
27,1866. Y.C. 1804. A lineal descendant of 
Rev. James Pierpont, the second minister of 
New Haven (I6>5-I714). and -upjoscd to be 
allied to the noble English family ol ihe name 
which held the earldom of Kiiigsiun. He was 
an assist, in Dr. Buekus's acnd. at Beililein ; 
went to S.C. in the autumn of 1805, and |>ajsed 
nearly 4 years as a private tutor in the family 
of Col. William Alston. After his return in 
1809 he stndidl law at the school in Litchtieid ; 
was adm. to the Ksscx Co. bar in 1812, and 

f)ractiscd for a time in Newburypoit His 
lealth demanding more active employ uient, he 
relinquished his profes^ion, and ciiga;:ed in 
mercuiitile life, first in Boston, and alterwaids 
at Baltimore, but quitted it in i816, and pub. 
his •■ Airs of Palestine," which soon txachcd a 
third edition. Ho next studied ibcolotv, and 
Apr. 14, 1819, was ord. pastor of the Ho'llisst. 
Clinrch, Bostim. In 1835 he visited Europe. 
On his return he resunicil his pastoral charge 
in Boston, where he continued until May 10, 
1845. The freedom wiih which he expri?ssed 
his opinions, especially in repani to the temper- 
ance cause, had given rise to sfune feeling iK-ibre 
his departure lor Euro|)e ; and in 18.'i8 there 
sprung up between himself and a portion of bis 
|>ari^h a controversy which lasted 7 years, when, 
ulUr triumphantly sustaining himself ai:ainst 
the charires of his adyersaries, be re<|ucsti.d a 
dismissal. He then b^vame lor 4 \c«rs pasior 
of a Unitarian Church in Tty\ , N.V. ; Aug. 
1. 1849, was settled over a church in MeilfonI ; 
resigned Apr. 6, 1856. A zea!ons ri'foruur, he 
powerfully advucatetl the temperance andai'li- 
slavery movcinents; was the candidate of the 
Liltcrty party fur gov., and, in ISJH, ol the Free- 
soil party for (^lngre»s. Alter ihc licLeilion 
bn.>kc<Mit, though 76 years of age, he went into 
the ticid as chaplain in a Ms. regt., but was 
soon euiplovcd in the treasury dept. at Wash- 
ington. In adtliiion to his jioelicui works, pnK. 
at Boston. 12mo, 1840, he pub. several |H'pn!«r 
s<-hool- readers, and some 20 occasional sermons 
and disconrscs. 
Pierrepont, Kowards, jurist and lawyer, 



719 



r>ui 



h. Norih Hnvi'ti, Ct., 1817. Y.C. 1837; New- 
H.ivcii I.nw Si'hnol. A ilcscemlanc of James, 
one ul' the Ibiimlers of Yale Coll. In 1840-.5 lie 
ijiaeiised liiw in Columbus, O., siiiec [jvaclisiii^ 
in N.Y. City, wlicrc lie lias for many years 
been eminent at the bar. Juiljje NV^. Sup. 
Court lS.)7-60 ; member Const. Conv. of 18G7 ; 
U.S. any. for the soutli. dist. of N.Y. ISfiO- 
July, 1870. Formerly a Uemoc., in 1861 be 
became n Repub. ; zealously supported the 
ailiiiin. of Mr. Lincoln and his re-eleetion in 
Itf64, anil aided in the election of Pics. Grant. 

Pierson, Abraham, first jiies. of Y.C. 
1701-7, b. Lynn, M>., 1041 ; d. Mar. 5, 1707. 
H.U. 16G8. 'Abraham his father, fir,..t minister 
oi Southampton, L.I (b. Yorkshire, En;;., 1608, 
d. Au;'. 9, 1078), w.is one of the first settlers 
of Newark in 1667, and was the first minis- 
ter of that town. Preached to the Indians of 
Lunj; Island in their own lantrua<^e, andeontrib. 
" Some Helps for the Indians in N. Haven 
Colony to a Further Account of the Prog- 
ress of the Gospel in N.K.," 1659. His son 
Wiis ord. colleague with him at Newark, N. J., 
March 4, 1672, and was niiiii-ter of Killing- 
worih, Ct., from 1694 till his death. — S'/J'W/h(?. 

Pierson, Ha.milton Wilcox, 11. D., b. 
Bergen, .\'.V. Un. Coll.; Union Tlieol. Scm. 
Prcs. of Col, Coll.. Ky., 18.-)8. Author of 
" Jefferson at Monlicello," 8vo, 1862. Edited 
Amu: Missionnn/ Memorial, 8vo, 185.3; and 
eontrili. to periodicals. — Atlibone. . 

Pierson, Isaac, D.D., physician of Orange, 
N. J., 40 years, b. Aug. 15, 1770; d. Sept. 22, 
18.3;i. N'J. Coll. 1789. Fellow of the Coll. of 
Pbysiciansand Surgeons, N.Y. M.C. 1827-31. 

Pigot, SiKRoniiisT, a British gen., b. 1720; 
d. Auu'. I, 1796. .Maj. lOthFoot, May 5, 1758; 
licul.-col. Feb. 1704; col. 38th Foot,Jiuie, 1776; 
maj. -gen. Aug. 1777; lieut.-gcn. Noy. 1782. 
At the battle of Bunker's Hill he com. the left 
wing ; and to his aetiyity, bravery, and firmness 
much of the success of that day was owing. 
So bi^ihly did he disIingui^h himself, that he 
received as a rcNvard for this service the colo- 
nelcy of the 38th Foot. lie had a com. in R.I. 
in A.ig. 1778, and superseded Prescottat New- 
port stion after. 

Pike, Albert, poet, b. Boston, Dec. 29, 
l:'ii9. II. U. 1859. Son of a jonrneyinan 
sliocuiaker. When he was 4 years obi, the 
fainiiy removed to Ncwbuiyport. He entered 
II U. at llie age of 16, but, unable to support 
himself there, taught at Newliuryportand Fair- 
h tye-i ; in the spring of 18'J1 he went to St. 
L.iais, travelling tnuch of the w.iy on foot; 
joiucil an cxpcd. to N. Mexico; and for a year 
v. as either a merchant's clerk or a peddler in 
S.mta Fe; in Sept. 1832 he aecomp. some 
trappers, from whom ha separated with 4 others ; 
Irav^'iled 500 miles on foot, and reached Fort 
Sini;h, Ark., " without a rag of clothing, a 
dollar in money, or knowing a person in the 
territory." lie contrib. poetry to the ArL. 
Aduncate; became a partner in the concern, 
which he bought out in 1834, and continued to 
edit the pa])er until 1836, when he \vas adm. to 
tip' bar, to wliieb ho subsequently devoted 
him^eir. Ih pul). " Prose Sketches and Poems," 
Bd^iou, I2mo, 1?.'34. The '■ Hymns t-> the 
Cods " were composed while he wa^ leaching 



in Fairhaven. Some of Ids fugitive poems 
have appeared in |)ciiodicals ; and in 1854 a 
coll. of liis poems, entitled " Nugte," was printed 
at Pliila.; but never pub. He was prominent 
as a Stale-rights man ; served with distinction 
as a vol. in the Mexican war ; and com. a com- 
pany of Ark. cavalry. ' He organized a body 
of (Ucrokee Indians, whom ho led, in the early 
part of the Rebellion, and took part with them 
in the battle of Pea Uiilge, sharing in the Con 
fed. dcleat. He edited the Memphis Appeal in 
1867-8; "Reports of the Sup. Ct. of Ark.," 
5 vols. 8vo, 1840-5; "The Arkansas. Form- 
Book," 8vo, 1845 ; " Statutes, &e., of the An- 
cient and Accepted Scottish Rite," 1859. 

Pike, Mrs. F'RANCiiS West (Atiierton), 
b. Prospect, Me., 1819; wife of Rev. liichaid 
Pike. Author of "Step by Step," 1857; 
"Here and Hereafter," 1858; "Katharine 
Morris, an Autobiography," 18.")8. Contrib. 
to the Moiilhli/ lielii/imix Mag. 1855, and to the 
Child's True Frigid 18:>8. —Allihone. 

Pike, Mrs. Mary H. (Greene), b. East- 
port, Me., 1827. Author of " Ida May," 1854 ; 
" Caste," 1856 ; " Agnes," 1858; " Bond and 
Free," 1858; " Entanglements," 2 vols. 1863; 
" Cumworth House," 3 vols. 1864; "The 
Cypresses," 1867; " Mv Son's Wife," 1868. 
Contrib. to Graham's, llarjjer's, and Atlantic 
magazines. Wife of F. A. Pike of Calais, 
M.C. 1861-9. 

Pike, Nicholas, author of a popular trea- 
tise on Arithmetic, pub, in Svo, 1788, b. 
Somersworth, N.H., Oct. 6, 1743; d. New 
buryport, Ms., Dec. 9, 1819. H.U. 1766. He 
was the son of Ucv. James, and a descendant 
of John of Newbury, 1635, .nnd was a justice 
of the peace for Essex County. 

Pike, Zebulox Montoomerv, brig.-gen. 
U.S.A., b. Lambcrton, N. J., 5 Jan. 1779; 
killed at York, near Toronto, U.C., 27 Apr. 
1813. Zebulon his father (b. N.J. 1751, d. 
Lawrenceburg, Ind., 27 July. 1834) was a 
capt. Revol. army; also in St. Clair's detcat in 
1791; and was brev. lieut.-eol. U.S.A. 10 July, 
1812. The son was app. a cadet in the rcgi. 
of his father. 3 Mar. 1799 ; 1st lieut. in Nov. ; 
and was made capt. in Aug. 1806. Skilled in 
mathematics and in the languages, he was app., 
after the purchase of La., to conduct an exped. 
to trace the Mpi. to its head ; leaving St. Louis 
9 Aug. 1805, he performed this service satis- 
factorily, returning after 8 months and 20 
days of exploration, nnd exposure to constant 
hardship. In 1806-7 he was engaged in geog. 
explorations of La., during which, being found 
on Spanish territory, he with his party was 
taken to Santa F(S, and after a long examina- 
tion, nnd the seizure of his papers, was escorted 
home, arriving at Natchitoches 1 July, 1807. 
In 1810 he pub. a narrative of his cxpitlitioiis, 
with valuable maps and charts. Keceiving 
the thanks of govt., he was made mnj. 6th Inf. 
3 May, 1808; lieut.-col. 4ih Iiif 31 Dec. 18U9; 
I'ep qiinrterm.-gen. 3 Apr. 1812; col. 15th 
Inf. 3 July, 1812; brig.-gcn. 12 Mar. 1813. 
Early in 1813 he was assigned to the principal 
army as adj. and insp.-gcn.. and was selected 
to com. an exped. against York, the capital of 
Upper Canada. Landing under a heavy fire, 
hechargi'd the enemy in person, and juit them 



PIT. 



720 



PIN 



to flisht, carried one battcrv by a^Mult, «nd 
was iiiovin); lu the itttiick ot tlic main norks, 
when ilio explosion of the British nm^'Hzinc 
niurially wuumleJ him, spcwlily ciiu;ing his 
denih. 

Pillmore, Joseph, D.D., h. Tadniouth, 
Yoikshiro, Eng, iih. 1734; d. I'hila. July 24, 
182.">. Ciimo lo the U.S. a Meth. preacher in 
1769. Ord. Pr.-Ep. Ch. 17SJ; Bs.-ift. rector 
St Paul's 1789-94; of Christ Ch., New York, 
1794-18m ; of St. Paul's, Phila., from 1S04 to 
his d. Author of " Narrative of Laliors in 
South Wales," 1825. His MS., de.scrihing 
his tnivels ami labors in the different colonies, 
is in ihc possessiun of John Campbell of 
Phila. (186S). — aWAow. 

Pillow, Ges. Gideon Johmsox, lawyer 
and politician, b. Willinmson Co., Tcnn., 
Junes 1S06. U. of Nashville. 1827. Second 
son of Gideon, and grandson of John Pillow, 
a soldier of the Rcvol., who in 1783 settled in 
the prvsent city of Nashville. His five sons 
were all disting. for activity and intn-pidity in 
ci.'nflicis with the Indians. He studied law ; 
praeiiswl in Columbia, Tenn., in 18.10; nnd in 
the course of 10 years mnked with the first 
lawyers of his State. He contrib. materially 
in 1844 to the nomination and election of Mr. 
Polk to the presidency, who, July 13. 1846, 
made him a brig. -gen. Pi-oceeding at once to 
Mexico with his brigade of Tenn. vols., after 
a severe illness at Camorco he joineil Scott 
before Vera Cruz ; had a conspicuous .-hare in 
the operations which resulted in the fall of 
that important place; and was one of the 
comnjiss. t*> negotiate terms of capitulation. 
At Cerro Gordo ho led the attack on the ene- 
my's right, and was wounded ; made niaj. -gen. 
Apr. 13, 1847; took part in the subsequent 
0|ierations upon tbo city of Mexico, being 
conspicuous in the battles of Contrcras and 
Cliurubusco; and at the storming of Chapul- 
te|iec was scverclv wounded. He opjioscd 
the convention at 'facubaya, iind incurri'd the 
dis|)leasnre of Gen. Scott, whose pointed and 
ofl'cnsivo remarks constrained the former to 
call a court of inquiry, where every charge 
was met and disproved, and his fame cleared 
of any reproach. Retiring to private life, he 
devotol himself to the management of his lanw 
estate In 1850 hcwasa inemberof the Nash- 
ville Southern Convention, where he delivercil 
a s)>cech against the extreme ground taken by 
ultaiSoiithern men. In April, 1861, heolTered 
to raise a large force in Tenn in aid of the 
secession cause, ami was a niaj.-gen. in the 
Conli'.l. army. He es<a|icd from Fort Donelson 
pri'vidus to its surrender. 

Pinckney, CuARt.Es, LL.I). (NJ. Coll. 

1 787 1, statesman, h. Charleston, S.C.,17JS: d. 
there (let. 29, 1824. Grandson ot Wm , com- 
miss.-gcn. of SO. (170-3-66). He was educated 
for the bar. At the capture of Charleston he w^as 
made ]irisoiicr, and .sent to St. Augustine ; mem- 
lier of the legisl. and of the Old Congress in 
1784-7; member of the conv. which (ormcil the 
U.S. Con.~t. in 1787 ; pres. of the S.C. Const. 
Conr. ori788; gov. of S.C. in 1789-92,1796-8, 
and 1806-8; U.S. senator 1798-1801 ; a fre- 
quent and able speaker on the Republican side 
ill that liody ; an a:.-tive promoter of JefTerson's 



election lo the presidency in ISOO; minister tc 
Spain in 1802-5, and negotiated a release 
from that power of all right and title to the 
terr. punhased by the US. from France; was 
siiboeqiienily, at several times, in the Slate 
legist ; and' was an .M.C. in 1819-21, and an 
opiHinenl of the Mo. Compromise. 

Pinckney, Ch.hcles Coteswobtii, 
LL.I). {UX. 1803), Revol. soldier ami states- 
man, b. Charleston, S.C, 25 Feh. 1746; d. 
there 16 Aug. 1825. Son of Chief Justice 
Charles. Educated at Westminster and Ux- 
fonl, Eng. ; read law at the Temple, Lond. ; 
and passed 9 months in the Koy. Milii. Aiad. 
at Caen, Frauce ; returning in 1769, he e»- 
Uililished himself in the practice of law. Was a 
member of the first Prov Congress of S.C. in 
June, 1773 ; was made a capt., and soon after 
col. 1st S C. regt. ; after the successful de- 
fence of Fort Monltrie. he joined the Northern 
army, and was an aide to Wasfainglon at 
Brandywine and Germantown ; returning 
south in the spring of 1778, he took part in 
the unsuccessful ex|)cd. to Fla. In Jan. 1779 
he presided over the senate of S.C. He dis- 
played gn'at resolution and intrepiility in the 
rapid march whirh saved Charleston from Gen. 
Prevost, and in the subsequent invasion of 
Ga. and the a.ssault on the lines of Savannah. 
In the attack on Charleston, in April. 1780, he 
was in favor of holding out to the i;ist extrvin- 
ity ; and, on its surrender in May, became a 
prisoner, and sutfcnd a rigorous and cruel 
confinement. Exchanged in Feb. 1782 ; roudo 
brig.-gi'n. 3 Nov. 1783. He resumed practice 
after the war. Was a memlx-r of the conv. that 
framed the U.S Const., and declincil succes- 
sively the places of judge of the US Suprviiie 
Court, sec. of war, and sec. of state, ten- 
dered him by Washington ; maj.-pen. of the 
State militia ; app. in July, 1796, min.-plenip. 
to France ; the hostility of the French Direc- 
tory caused the rejection of our conciliatory 
propositions, and the order to I'inikiiey to 
quit the Fiench territory. He withdrew to 
Amsterdam in Feb. 1797. When war liecame 
inevitable, the whole country rcsoumlcd with 
his celebrated sentiment, " Millions for defence, 
but not a cent for tribute." Returning home, 
he was made by Washington a niaj.-gen. 
Many years an active |>olitician, ami was can- 
didate for the vice-presidency in 18('0. A* a 
lawyer he was disiing. for accurate learning 
and strength of reasoning. 

Plnckney, Hesbt Lacrex?. politician, 
.son of Gov. Charles, b. Chariestoii, Sept. 24, 
1794 ; d. there Feb. 3, lSt)3. S.C Coil. 1812. 
He studiol law with his bro.-inlaw Roliert Y. 
Hayne; was adm. to the bur; member of the 
legisl. in 1816-32; mavor of Charleston in 
1832 and 1839-40; M C' in 1833-7 ; and sul>- 
scqnently collector of the j)ort, and a member 
of the legisl. Eilitorof the fhai^eston Mricmg 
in 1819, and a prominent exponeni of the Stnte- 
riglits party. Author of Memoirs of Jonn- 
th:\n M»xcy, Roliert Y. Hayne, and Andrew 
Jackson. 

Pinckney, Ges. Thom.o, a Rcvol. offi- 
cer, and gov. of S.C. 1787-9, b Charleston, 
Oct. 23, 1750; d. there Nov. 2, 1S2S With 
his bro. Charles C, he was educated in Eng. ; 



PIN 



721 



FIS 



stuiiiiil Inw in the Temple ; anii was ndm. to 
the liar in 1770. Joininf; the Oint. nrmy, lie 
nisu to the rnnk of iinijor; scrveil as niile to 
l.iiiciihi; nnd then wirli Count D'Estnin^' at 
the ilisnstrous sicjie of Saviuinah in Oct. 177'J. 
lie ilistini;. himself in the Imttle fit Siono Ker- 
ry, and was aide to (ieii. Gates in the liattle 
near Cumdcn, Au;r- I7S0, where he was des- 
]jerately wounded and made prisoner. Dnrins; 
Washington's administration he was offered 
till' (ilat'e of jud^^e of the U.S. Court, whieh he 
declined ; minister to Great Britain in 179-2-4. 
In Nov. 1794 he was employed on a mission 
to the court of Spain, where he made the 
treaty of St. Ildefimso, sceurinp; to the U.S. 
the free navigation of the Mpi. ; in Dec. 1796 
he returned to Charleston ; and was M.C. in 
1799-1801. Mar. 27, ISl-J, President Madison 
app. him to the command of the 6ih milit. 
dist. His last active ticld-service was at the liat- 
tle of Ilorse-shoe Bend, where the military 
power of the ("recks was finally broken. He 
111. the dan. of Ueheeca Motto. 

Pine, RoBivRT Kdgk, portrait-painter, b. 
Enj:. 1 74a ; d. I'hila. Oct. 1788. Son of John, 
an Eng. designer ami engraver. In 1760 and 
1 762 he drew the prizes from the Society for 
the Knconragemcnt of the Arts for the best 
hist, designs. He painted portraits with some 
repntaiion ; and in 1782 exhibited a scries of 
pictures of scenes from Shakspeare. lie after- 
ward came to America, and exhibited in Phila., 
where he was befriended by the Hopkinson 
family, the earliest cast of the Venus dc Medici 
seen here. His best-known pictures are Wash- 
ington (1785), Gen. Gates, Baron Steuben, 
Charles Carroll, Gov. Colden, and Ur. Ogil- 
vie, and " Canute on the Seashore." 

Pinkney, Kdward Coate, poet, son of 
Win., b. Liiii.l. Oct. 1802; d. Bahimore, .^pr. 
11, lti2S. Educated at St. M.ary's Coll., Bait, 
lie was in the n.aval service in 1816-24; then 
piacliscd law without success ; ne.xt failed in 
an attempt to procure a commission in the na- 
val .service of Mexico; and in 1827 assumed 
for a brief period the control of a polit. journal, 
the Miiri/hiHler. Author of " Hodolph and 
other I'oems," 1825. An edition of his poems 
appeared in 1844 with a brief introd. by N. P. 
Willis, in the series of the Mirror Library, en- 
titled •• The IJococo." A biog. notice by Win. 
l,e-i.'ett is in .V. 1'. .l/,n-or, 1827. 

Pinkney, William, LL.I)., lawyer, ora- 
tiir, and statesman, b. Annapolis, Md., March 
17, 1761; d Feb. 25, 1822. His father, a na- 
tive of the north of Eng., was a loyalist ; while 
his son manifested a decided attachment to the 
cause of his country. He quitted the study of 
medicine for the law, and in 178-3 entered the 
odice of .ludge Chase. Adm. to practice in 
1786, he soon attracted attention by his ora- 
tory ; deleu-ate to the State conv. to ratify the 
Federal Const, in 1788, and also to the Md. h. 
of delegates. He was in. in 1789 to the sister 
of Com. Rodgers; and in 1790 was elected a 
member of Congress ; but his seat was contest- 
ed on the grouml of his not residing in the dis- 
trict for which he was chosen. After making 
a powerful argument, and obtaining a favora- 
ble decision, he declined the honor in conse- 
quence of the state of his private affairs. Mcm- 
46 



ber of the exec, council of Md. 1792-5, nnd 
again in 1795 a delegate to the legisl. from 
Anne Arundel Co. While he had thus at- 
tained a disiing. political rank, he rose to the 
head of the bar. In 1 796-1 804 ho was one of 
the commiss. in Lond. under .Jay's treaty, and 
at the same time recovered for Md. a claim on 
the Bank of Eng. for $8iiO,000. Atty.-gen. of 
Md. 1805. In 1806 he was made minister ex- 
traordinary to treat with the British govt, in 
conjunction with Monroe, and, alter his return, 
was resident min. in 1807-11 ; in Sept. ISll, 
he was chosen to the State senate from Bait. ; 
was U.S. atry.-gen. Dec. 1811-14. lie com. a 
vol. battalion at the battle of Bladenshur,', and 
Wits severely wounded; M.C. in 181.5-16, and 
made an nlile speech on the " treaty-making 
[Jbwcr." He aeecjited in Mar. 1816 an app. 
as special minister to Naples, whence he re- 
paired to the Russian ea]iital as resident minis- 
ter, returning home in 1818 ; U.S. senator from 
1820 to his d. ; and made an elaborato and 
powerful speech against the clause in the bill 
for the adniis.-^ion of Mo. into the Union, which 
prolii'iited the introduction of slaves into tho 
new State. Ilis death was occasioned by over- 
exertion in the Supreme Court in 1822 in a 
cause in which he took great interest, at a time 
when the state of his health nnfittcd him for 
application to study and business. — Sej^ Life 
b'l Uenrij Whmton, N.Y., 1826; and b,/ Ida 
Nephetc,' lln: Wm. Pinbiei/, IJ.IJ., 8vo, 1853. 

Pintard, John-, hX.'.D., b. N.Y. Ci'y, 
1759; d. there Juno 21, 1844. N.J. Coll. 1776. 
He studied but never practisecl law; during 
the Revol. was a soldier, and .'t years clerk to 
his uncle, Lewis Pintaid, commissary for Anier. 
prisoners in New York. Edited ihc N.Y. iMilli/ 
Adverliser a short time, then engaged in com- 
merce; was long ciiy inspector; and many 
years see. of the Old Mutual Ins. Co. Found- 
er of the N.Y. [list. Society ; a zealous pro- 
moter of oiher useful institutions, an intelli- 
gent antiqtiary, and author of a number of 
papers in periodicals ; among them is an ac- 
count of N. Orleans in the Mai. licpositon/. 
Vice pres. Amer. Bible Society. 

Pinzon (pcn-thOn), ViNCKXZto Yasez, 
commanded "The NiiiaV in the voyage of 
Columbus (1492). In 1499 he led an'cxped., 
and explored a part of the coast of Brazil. 
Living in 152.1. His elder bro., Martis 
Alon'zo, who com. "The Pinta" in the first 
voyage of Columbus, d. 149-1. 

iPise, Charles Constaxtise, D.B., TX.C. 
clergyman ami author, b. Annnpoiis, Md., 
1802; d. Brooklyn, May 26, 1SC6. Georget. 
Coll. His father was an Italian, his mother a 
native of Phila. He studied theology at Rome 
2 years; on his rotum t.iught rhetoric and 
fjoetry in the sem. of Mount St. Mary's, Em- 
metts'burg, and was ord. priest in 1825. After 
six months' labor at Fredericktown, Md., he 
was called to Ba'timore, wh-re he wrote bis 
" History of the Church to the R fonnnlion," 
5 vols, i 8-30 ; " Fa'hcr Rowland," a talc in 
answer to " Father Clement;" and the " Picss- 
ures of Roligi'jn, and olher Poems." His 
health failing, ho again vi>ited Rome, whor-; he 
received the degree of D.D., and the honor.iry 
title of Knight of the Roman Empi.v. He 



ivas aftcnvnnl nisociatc pastor of St. Patrick's 
C!ian-li, Wiishin^jton, and, ihroufrli tho inlln- 
eiicj of Ilcnry Clay, xvas app. ch;ir>l:iin o( tho 
U.S. senate. Romovinir to Xcw 'i ork, lie was 
settled over several chuR-tiis siiciessivelv. In 
1940 111! rc.<i^e<l his po-i.ioii at St. Peter's 
Cliiirch, and pualiased thf Eraanatl Churvb, 
Bixioklin. Ho was eminent lioth as a Iccruror 
and prviu-her. In 1 858 ho tl livired a Latin 
ode at E:nin'tt-;lmp^ on the 50 h anniv. of the 
foimdation of Mount St. Mary's College. He 
pnb. a poem on;itlcd " The Acts of the 
ApostleB;" •' Ztnosiiis, or the Pilfrim Con- 
vert;" "Indian Cottaire ; " " Alothoia, or 
Letters on the Truth of the Catholic Doc- 
trines ; " "Letters to Ada;" "Christianity 
and the Chuith ; " " Lives of St. Ignaliiis anU 
his First Companions ; " " Notes on a Protes- 
tant Cjtechisni," &e. ; the " Catholic Brid > ; " 
ajid " Horaa Vasabonda:," sketching Lish 
sconory and manners. 

Pison (pe.;-son), William, a Dutch natu- 
ralist au 1 pliysiiian, aecomp. the Prince of 
Nas-au to Brazil in 1637. The researches of 
Pison, and his companion Marj;};rav, entitled 
" Xatmal Uistorv of Brazil," were pub. in 
164S. 

Pitcairn (pit-kiim), John-, a British offi- 
cer, killi-d at Uuukir's Hill, June 17, 1T75. 
He was of Filbsliire, Scotland. Cajit. of ma- 
rines Jan. 10, 1765 ; m:ijor in April, 1771. He 
kxl the advance in the cxikmI. to I^exington on 
the niomin.: of Apr. 19, 1775, and, suiTound- 
iiig the luiliria company there, ordered it to 
disperse. Theconllict that ensued K^gan the 
ariaed straggle that eiulcU in Am r. indepi-nd- 
enee. Piiciira was chargixi wiih hanng given 
tho order to tire on tho Americans, but insisted 
to his dyin^ day th.it the colonists fired tirst. 
II." behaved \ri;h gi-eat gallantry at Bunker's 
Hill, where he was shot dj.id while entering 
the reiloubt. Ilis eldest son Darid, an emin nt 
phvMcian of Lond., d. in 1^09. In the dis- 

Siiies liotwoen thf soldiers and the people of 
oston, he was the only British oUicer who 
dealt Oiirly with the latter. 

Pitcher, TnoM.vs G., brev. brig.-gcn. 
U.S.A., h. Ind West Point, 1845. Served 
in Stli Inf. through tho Mexican war, and 
brev. 1st liout. 20~Aug. 1S47, for Controras 
and Cliunibusco; adj. 6th Inf. 1849-54; capt. 
19 Oct. 1S5S; brig.-gen. vols. 29 Nov. 1?62; 
niaj. 16th Inf. 19 Sept. 1^63 ; col. 44th Lif. 28 
Jidy, 1^66; 1st Inf. 15 Dee. 1870. He serviKl in 
the Va. cainpaiuTi June-.\iig. 1862, and brev. 
maj. 9 Aug. 1862 for Cedar Mountjiin, where he 
wassevorilv wounded, an.l brov. brig -gen. 13 
Jlar. 1865 for galU.nt and m'^rit. ser\-ic. s dur- 
ing the Relx llioii. Superint. U.S. Milit. Acad, 
since 28 Aug. 1866. — Cidlum. 

Pitkin, "^Timothy, LL.D. (Y.C. 1829), 
auiliiir, b. F.irraih^'ton, Ct., 21 Jan. 1766; d. 
N. Hweu, Ui-c. IS, 1847. Y.C. 1785. Son 
of Timo., raiuiiter of Famiington in 1752-85. 
A la^v-,•er bv proft'Ssion ; member, and 5 times 
spoakor, of the Icgisl.; M.C. 1806-20; and 
again in the State legisl. He was a Fcderali~t, 
nnil was in Congress e<t<vmed good authoritv 
upon tho poliueal history of the countrv. 
Aiuhor of " Statistical View of the Commerce 
of the U.S.," 8vo, 1616, and revised in 1835; 



" Political and Civil IlistoiT of the U.S. " 
1763-97, 2 vols. 8vo, 1828. Tie left a continu- 
ation uf this work to the close of liis own i o 
lirical life, in MS. 

Pitkin, William, gov. of Ct. 1766-9 ; d 
East Ilartl'ord, Uct. 1, 1769. Son of William, 
chief justice of Ct. (app 1713), b. Middl.«ex, 
Eng., 1604; d. llartlbrd, Ct., Apr. 5, 1723. 
Meinbor of the council from 1 734 ; ajip. a judze 
of the Supreme Court in 1741, and licut.-'.'ov. 
and chief justice in 1754-66. In 17.'i4 he was 
one of the delegates to the couv. at Albany, 
and one of the committee app. to prepare the 
plan of union which was adopted on that oc- 
casion. 

Fizarro, Francisco, conqueror of Peni, 
b. Truxillo, Spain, ali. 1471 ; d. Lima, Juno 
26, 1541. Tliough tho illegitimate son of a 
gentleman by a pi-a-sant-girl, and obliged to 
tend hogs for a support, he posses-td an un- 
daunted conra::e, and, wi:h other advi.nttir.r8, 
came toAinerica. In 1510 hewas in the cxjied. 
to Uraba uudr Ojeda ; was with Balboa when 
he di -covered the Pacilic Ocean ; w.is afti.rw:'.rd 
in several expids. under Gov. Pidro Arias ; 
and settled as a t)lanterni>ar Panama, lu 1524 
he join.-d wi'h Almagro and Luyms in a search 
for hitherio-uniii.-iovereil countries ; cxplor d 
a pan of the Pacilic coast, and underwent ex- 
treme hardship. In a secondattemi.t, in 1526, 
ho explored a part of Peru, and entcr.'d the 
wealthy city of Tnmbz. He went to Spain 
in 152-^, and obt.oinO'l from Charles V. author- 
ity to coniper the great Souih-Amer. cmpin-, 
but was himself oliliged to find tho means. 
After incpAliile hnrd-hips, and uuceasing per- 
severance, he in 1531. with 177 men, penoirat- 
ed into Peru, and perfidiously seized the mon- 
arch Atahnalpa, who had conic to the Sp.anish 
camp for a friendly interview, and whom he 
cniclly and inhumanly put to death. With 
this insigiiiricant force', Pizarro, entering Cuz- 
co, the capital, in Nov. 1533, overthrew the 
dominion of the Peruvian iucas, which ex- 
tended over 35 de;j:rccs of btitiide, over many 
millions of a civilized and wealthy population, 
and which was sustained l>v lar^-o anni -s of 
we;l-di.-eipiinul vcter.iu soIdK-rs. In 1538 Pi- 
zarro and A!mai,To qunmlli^l for the supe- 
riority; and the latter w-.is liej'cattd, au<l put to 
death ; hut his son and friends, uuiiin^ gainst 
the vi tor, assa^inau-l liiin in his palace. He 
fonndixl the city of Luiia. His descendants, 
N.iaring the title of Martjitis ofllte Coiitjiusl, are 
still to bo I'ouud at Tnixillo in Spain. Gox- 
ZALO and Herxanho, his bros., assisted him 
in his conquest. The former 'reU-lIed against 
tho sueeos-or of his liro. Francis, .ind w;vs 
executed at Cuzco in 1548. IIcm.iii>lo in 
1540 retunioil to Snain, but through the in- 
fluence of the friends of Alinngm, whom he 
had put to death, was for 20 vcars imprisoni'tl 
in the fortress of Medina dci Campo, and d. 
ab. 1565. Pkduo, a Fvlarivtf. wrote an " Ai-- 
coimt of the Disv-overy and Conquest of Peru," 
pub. ah. 1847. 

Placide, Hexrt, comedian, b. Ch.irlcston, 
S.C, Sept, 8. 1799; d Babylon. L.I., J.in. i3, 
1870. Son of Alexander, a' dancer and |ianto- 
raimist, who d. 1^12. He was for more th.an 
20 years a favorite in Ucw York, where he 



PI^-A. 



723 



PLtr 



was manager of the old Park Tlieatre in its 
pahuy days. His first appearance was at 
Churlesion when he was 9 years old. App. at 
tlic Park Theatre, N.Y., Sept. 2, 1823, as Zekiel 
Homespun ia '' The Hoir-at-Law." In 18-38 
he appeared at the Uaymarket, London, as 
Sir Peter Teazle. He was the ori;;inal Sir 
llarcourt Courtly in this country. He played 
sueeesstul engagements in the principal cities 
of the U.S. and Eng., and was a prime favor- 
ite in and long a resident of New Orleans. He 
took have of the stage at the Winter Harden, 
New York, in 1 SG5, in the part of Corporal 
Cartouche. Thomas Ids bro. is a comic actor 
of merit. 

Plater, George, judge of the Md. Court 
of Appeals; member of the Old Congress 177,-- 
81 ; pres. of the conv. which in 1788 ratified 
tlie U.S. Const., and gov. of Md. in 1792; d. 
Annapolis, Feb. 10, 1792, a. 56. W. and M. 
Co:i. 1733. 

Piatt, JoxAS, LL.D. (X.J. CoU. 1824), 
judge N Y. Sup. Court, and M.C. 1799-1801 ; 
d. Peru, X.Y., 1834. 

Pleasonton, Alfred, brcv. maj.-gen. 
U.S..\., li. Washington, DC, Jan. 1824. West 
Point. 1844. Entering the 1st Dragoons, he 
joine<l the 2d in 1S45; aceomp. the army to 
ihe Kio Grande, and was brev. 1st licut. lor a 
gallant charge on the enemy's batteries at 
Kcsaca de la Piilma. He afterward served in 
Cal., New Mexico, and Texas ; was acting 
assist, adj.-gen. to Gen. Harney during the 
Sioux cxped. ; adj.-gen. in 18.56-60 in his cam- 
paign in Florida, and his operations in Kansas, 
Oregon, and Washington Territories; made 
capt. .March 3, 18.55; acting col. 2d cav. in the 
fall of 1861; raaj. Feb. 15, 1862 ; brig.-gen. vols. 
July 16, 1862; maj.-gen. vols. 22 June, 1863. 
He Served through the peninsular eamjiaign ; 
took com. of Gen. Stonem.in's cavidry brigade; 
and, when Gen, M'Clellan crossed the Potomac 
in tXt., he leil the vanguard. He was in the 
battle of Fredericksburg; and at Chancellors- 
villc he saved the army after the rout of the 
1 1 til corps ; he com. the cavalry at Gettysburg, 
and in Mo. during the Price raid, in which he 
dill efficient service, Hnallv routing Price at the 
Marais des Cygnes. Kcsigned Jan. 1863. Brev. 
lieut -col. U.S.A. for Antietam, col. for Gettys- 
burg, brig.-gen. for campaign against Price in 
Mo., and maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865, for gallant and 
merit, services during the Rebellion. He after- 
ward embarked in manuf. and i. lining enter- 
prises; was made collector of tlie4ih Dist in 
1869; and was U.S. revenue coll. Dec. 1870 
to 8 Aug. 1871. 

Pleasants, James, gov. of Va. 1822-5, b. 
ITO'J; (l.OouchhindCo.Nov. 9, 1836. Delegate 
to the Assembly in 1796 ; clerk 1803-10 ; M.C. 
in 1811-19; U.S. senator in 1819-22; and in 
1829-30 a member of the State Const. Conv. 
Twice app. lo the bench, he declined from a 
distrust of his ([ualifications. His son Joiix 
Hami'DES d. Richmond, Va., Feb. 27, 1S46, 
from wounds in a duel with Thos. Ritchie, jun. 
He was a man of disting. talents, founder of 
the lUchinond Whig, and its chief editor 22 
years. 

Plessis, Joseph Octave, R. C. bishop of 
Quebec, b. Montreal, March 3, 1762; d. Que- 



bec, Dee. 4, 1825. Sou of a blacksmith. Oid 
priest, March fl, 1786; was empUned as prof 
of humanity at the Coll. of St. Ra|)hael, aisc 
as secretary to the bishop of Quebec, and 
curate of the capital; Sept. 6, 1797, he was 
made coadjutor to Bishop Denault ; Apr. 26, 
1800, he was app. bishop of Cauatte, in Pales- 
tine, with the succession to the seat at Quebec, 
ot which he hccamo incumbent, Jan. 17, 1806. 
He founded the coll. at Nicolet, as well as 
primary schools at Quebec. Ho was called 
by the crown to the legisl. council in 1818, 
and proved himself a loyal and patriotic so la- 
tor. In 1799 he pronounced an oration at 
Quebec on the occasion of the naval battle ut 
Aboukir. — .S'ec Ferlaitd's l^iofj.f 2\'otice o/\ Q.ic- 
bce. 8vo, 1864. 

Plumer, William, lawyer and politician 
ofN.H, b. Xewburvport, Ms", June 25, 1759; 
d. Eppiug, N.H., Dee. 22, 1850. A descendant 
of Francis of Boston in 1634, who d. in Neiv- 
bnry. With his father's family he removed to 
Epping in 1768. Possessing a vigorous, in- 
quisitive mind, as well as great industry, he 
became one of the best scholars in the Granite 
St.ite. Adm. to the bar in 1787 ; acquired an 
extensive practice; was a learned and shrewd 
practitioner ; and for many years was solicitor 
for Rockingham Co. During 8 years, two of 
which he was speaker, he was a re]i. to the 
State legisl. ; was subsequently in the State 
senate, of which body he was twice pres. ; in 
1792 he was a delegate to the Slate Const. 
Conv., and was active in embodying in that 
instrument many of the distinctive features 
still pertaining to it; U.S. senator in 1802-7; 
gov. of X.H. 1812-13 and 1816-19. During 
the last 30 years of his life he gave himself up 
to literary pursuits, being a considerable con- 
tributor to the jjeriodical press, under the si;.;- 
nature of " Cineiunatus." Author of "Aji- 
peal to the Old Whigs," 1805; "Address to 
the Clergy," 1814, &c. His Life was written 
by his son, and edited by Rev. A. P. Peabodv, 
D.D., 8vo, 1856. His son William (b. Oet. 
9, 1789, d. Epping, 18 Sept. 1854, H.U. ISOJ) 
was frequently in the house and senate of 
N.H. ; M.C. 1819-25; member of the State 
Const. Conv. of 1 850. Pub. " Youth, or Scenes 
from the Past, and other Poems," 12mo, 1841 ; 
" Manliocid," &e., a series of poems, Boston. 
12nio, 1343. 
. Plumer, William Swax, D.D., LL.D., 
b. Darlington, Pa., 1S02. Wash. Coll., Va., 
1825; Princeton Theol. Sem. Ord. in the 
Presb. church in 1827; preached in various 
places in Va., N.C., Md., and Pa. Prof of 
thcol. in the Allegh. Sem. in 1854-62, au,l ii 
the Thcol. Sem., Columbia, S.C, since 18GJ. 
Author of " Thoughts on Relig. Educatioi%" 
&c., 1836; " Argument against Indiscriiniuate 
Incorp. of Churches," 8vo, 1847 ; " The Bible 
True, and Iniidelity Wicked ; " " P ain 
Thoughts for Children ; " " The Church and 
her Enemies," 1856; "Rome against the 
Bible," &e., 1854; "Vital Godliness," 1865; 
" Jehovah .lirch," 1856; "Studies in the Book 
of Psalms," 8vo, 1866: "Rock of our Salva- 
tion," 1867; "Words of Truth and Love," 
Sx. — Aim^jne. 
Flumley, Benjamin Risu, Newtor, 



PLXJ 



724 



POE 



Pa., 1816. Author of " Rai-hcl Lockwood; " 
'■ Katlialccn McKinley ; " " JLiys of the Enrlv 
QuakiTs," in thu KmckFrlioiktr ; ami of " (.)n- 
I'tilal Ballads, " Alxl Kl Hnssnn," &i-., in the 
A'liiiitii: -l/on/A/y anJ Kniiki rl'O'i.cr ; anil is a 
iijiitril). to iH'riodicals. — Allilioiir. 

Plummer, (jkn. Joski-h li., h. narre, 
Sl> . in ls:iO; il. Corinth, Mpi., Au?. 9. 1802. 
West I'uiiit, 1841. iCnteilnj,' the 1st Inf.. he 
became 1st lieut. March Ij. 1848; ca]>l. Mav 
1, \s:>2 ; and maj. 8th Inf. Apr. 23, 1802. He 
served with disliiicliuii in Florida and Mexico ; 
rendered valuable service to (ieii. Lvon in the 
capture of Camp Jackson, Mo., May 10, 18iil ; 
eoni. a battalion of re;;nlars in the battle of 
Wilson's Creek, Mo., Au^. 10, and was sevcn'ly 
wounded ; became col. 1 lih Mo. Vols. 25 Sept. 
1861 ; com. nt Cape Girardeatii Mo., and de- 
feated Jctf. Thompson at Krederiekiown, Mo., 
Oct. 21, killing I. '58, and cnpturinjr 42 prisonei-s 
and one cannon ; was made hrig.-;;cn. (Jet. '22, 
1861 ; participated in the capture ol New Ma- 
drid anil Island No. 10, and served uniler Gen. 
Pope in the campaign near Corinth, Mpi., until 
Jiilv, 1 862. 

Plympton, Joseph, col. U.S.A., b. Sud- 
burv, Ms, March 24, 1787; d. Staten Island, 
Juno 5, 1860. Ai)p. lieut. 4th Inf Jan. .3, 
1812 ; capt. June, 1821 ; mnj. 2d Inf Sept. 22, 
1840; lieut.-col. 7lh Inf Sept. 9, 1846; col. 
1st Inf June 9, 185.'J. Disling. on the North- 
ern frontier in the wnrof 181i'-15 ; com. in at- 
tack on Seminole Indians, near Dunn's Lake, 
Fla.,Jan. 25, 1842; com. his regt. through the 
campaign of Gen. Scott in Mexico ; and won 
brevets for gallantry at Cerro Gordo aiul Con- 
tnras. 

Pocahontas, the celebrated daughter of 
th. lii.liiiii iliirf I'owhatan, b. ab. \:>'X>; d. 
Cir.ivcMud, Kng., March, 1617. She discov- 
ered the warmest friendship for the colonists 
of \'a., which was remarkably displayed in 
1607, when Capt. John Smith was taken pris- 
oner, and about to be put to death. She intcr- 
poseJ herself between the nplifled wniH-lub and 
the intended victim, and prevailed ujHjn her 
father to spare his life. ( Consiilerablc doubt 
ha^ been thrown upon this ronniniic story by 
Mr Charles Deane ; sec Preface to his cd. of 
Siniiirs "True Relation," and IJev. K. 1). 
Keill's •' Hist, ofthe Vn. Comp. of Lond.") She 
w.i- sub-eipiently a frequent visitor to the set- 
tlements, to which she furnished provisiims in 
tinu's of great need. Informed in 1609 of an 
intended plot to destroy Smith ami his party, 
si'.} ventur^il alone through the foivst at mid- 
ni-.-lit to di.sc-ose it to Smith. Ab. the year 
1612. while on a visit to Japazaws, chief of the 
Potomac, the latter sold her to Capt. Argall 
fw a copiKT kettle; and. while a negotiation 
was (lending with her father for her ransom, 
she Hits ni. at Yorktown, Apr. 161;), to Mr. 
Thomas Kolfe, an Englishman of res|Kvtid)lc 
character, with whom early in 1616 she ein- 
batked for r,ng., where she was baptizcit, ex- 
changing her Indian name for that of UclK-cca. 
In London she received ib visit from her former 
friemi, Capt. Smith, who, for some unknown 
purpose, site hail Ix'cn taught to lKlii\e was 
dead. She was introduced to the nobility and 
gentry by Smith, and was introduced at court by 



Lady De la War. Mr. Ro!fc was app. sec. and 
recordcr-gen. of V'a. After a short residence in 
England, as she was ab. to embark from 
Grave.scnd, in company with her husband, to 
revi.-it lier luitive land, she d. at the age of 22, 
leaving one son, who was educated by his uncle 
in London, and aflerwards lut-ame a wealthy 
and disiing. character in Virginia. 

Poe, Adam, D.I)., a Metli. clergjmon, b. 
Columbiana Co., (J., July 21, 1804; d. June 
26, 1868. His youth was s|ient on his father's 
farm, lie became an ilinerant in 1826; was 
ndm. to the annual conf in 1 827 ; was a circuit 
preacher until 1835 ; pres. elder of the Woostcr 
dist. U!3.')-9 ; was stationed at Mansfield and 
Delaware, and presided over diffeniit districts 
from 1839 tol852; assist, agent of the Westem 
Book Concern 1852-60 ; and Ix-came priucipul 
agent in 1860. Dr. Poe was one of the Ix-st- 
known clergymen of his denomination ; took a 
deep interest in education ; and may almost Ix: 
said to have founded the O. Wesleyan Confer- 
ence. 

Poe, Edgar Allas, poet, b. Baltimore, 
Jan. 1811 ; d. there Oct. 7, 1849. His father, 
who Wiis tlic son of David Poe, a disting. offi- 
cer of the Md. line of the ISevol. army, was a 
lawyer, but, marrjing an actress, went liitH.-'cIf 
upon the stage; ami in a few years both ditd, 
leaving 3 young children eiitircly ilestitute. 
Eilgnr was adopted by a wealthy citizen of 
liichmond, John Allan; was 4 or 5 years at a 
school at Stoke Newington, near London ; and 
was afterwards e.xiielled from the U. of \'n for 
bad conduct. He set out to join the Gi-ecks in 
their struggle for indep. ; and after a year's stav 
in Eurojx) ivturned home, and, by Mr. Allan's 
inflnence, reivived a cadetship at West Point; 
ignominiously expelled ut the end of ten 
months, he was kindly received by Mr. Allan, 
who was, however, cotnpelle<l to t'uni him out 
of doors on account of liis conduct towards his 
wife. In 1829 he pub. '• Al AnraatV Tamerlane, 
and minor Poims." Not succei'ding nt first 
in the pursuit of literatnre as a jirolession. he 
enlisted as a private soldier, but soon deserted. 
He next comiieted successfully for two jirizes 
of SlOOeaeh, oH'creilby an editor in Baltimore. 
J. P. Kennedy the novelist nlicved liis desti- 
tution, and priK'ured him the editorship of the 
Soiillin-n Lil. Mtssiniitr at Kichmond. While 
here ho m. liis cousin Virginia Clemm, with 
whom, after Uing disinis.sed for his excesses by 
the pnblislier of the J/'swnvfi-, lie removed to 
New York in Jan. 1837. Here, in 1838, ho 

Pub. "The Xan-ative of Arthur Goidon 
'vm;" then edited Hnrton's Gnilltimin't 
Ahiij. one year at Phila. ; edited Grahum's 
Mai), for a year; in 1840 pub. "Tales of the 
Gro!e.-^|ue and Arabesque ; " and pub. in X. 
York, in Feb. 1845, the poem of " The Raven," 
which made him famous. He then editetl the 
JUirnii/iriii/ Jourmil, but wa.« so pixir, that l)Ublic 
appeals for peeuiiiary aid were made in liis lie- 
half by the newspapirs. His wife died, and in 
1849 he went to Itichinond, where he fonned 
an engagement with a lady of considerable for- 
tune ; but, Ufore the dayapn. for thiir mar- 
riage, he d. in Baltimore ot dilirhim Irrnimx. 
Among his prose nroduclions are "The Gold 
Bujj," " The Fall of the House of Usher." 



I»OI 



POL 



" The Murders in the Rue Morgue," " The 
Purloined Letter," " The Concholo^ist's First 
Book." His poems are charaeterized bv iu- 
g^nuity, melody, and t^iste, though upon 
gloomv and tantastie topics. His works were 
edited 'by K. W. Griswold, 4 vols. 1850. — .See 
Mrs. II liitinait's "Edgar Poe and his Critics," 
1S60. 

Poindexter, George, lawyer and poli- 
tieian, h. Loudon Co., Va., 17>9; d. Jackson, 
Mpi., Sept. 5, 18.i3. Of Hugncnot ancestry; 
lelt an orphan at an early agi'. He studied law 
at Kichmond. In 1802 lie removed from Mil- 
ton, Va., where he had practised law for a year 
or two with success, to Mpi., and was in 1803 
made attv.-gcn. of the Territory ; was its dele- 
gate to Congress in 1807-13; M.C. 1817-19; 
gov. 1819-21; U.S. senator 1831-5; and af- 
terward a commlss. to investigate the Swart- 
wout defalcation. In one of his many person- 
al and political quarrels, he killed in a duel 
Abijah Hunt, a leadiug merchant in the South- 
west ; he was accused of unfairness in this 
quarrel, out of which grew bitter and pro- 
longed controversies. In 1813-17 he was 
U.S. dist. judge for Mpi. He made the ablest 
speech on the conduct of Gen. Jackson, in the 
Louse in 1819, and to it Jackson in great 
measure owed his triumphant acquittal. He 
deserted his party, however, on the bank ques- 
tion ; and became exceedingly obnoxious to 
Jackson by voting for Clay's resolution cen- 
suring the executive. He practised his profes- 
sion IVom 1821 to 1831, and removed to Louis- 
ville, Ky., in 1835. He pub. "Revised Code 
of the Laws of Mpi.," 8vo, 1824. — See Biog. 
iri.ttch, Washington, 8vo, 1835. 

Poinsett, Joel Roberts, LL.D., states- 
man, b. Charleston, S.C, Mar. 2, 1779; d. 
Statesbnrg, S.C, Dec. 12, 1851. Of Hugue- 
not descent, and the last of his family ; he was 
taken to Eng. by his parents while a child, re- 
turning to Charleston in 1788. Educated at 
Greenlieid, Ct., under Pres. Dwight, in 1793; 
he went abroad for his health in 1796, travelled 
in Europe and Asia, and studied medicine and 
military affairs. Keturning home in 1809, he 
was sent by Pres. Madison to S. America to 
ascertain the condition of the people, nnil their 
prospects of success in the revol. just begun. 
Alter establishing friendly and commercial re- 
lations with Buenos Ayres, he cro.ssed the 
continent to Chili. The Spanish anihorities 
of Peru having seized and condemned sc^eral 
Amer. vessels, invaded Chili, and seized 10 
Amer. whale-ships at Taleahuauo, Mr. Poin- 
sett, with a small force of Chilians, retook Tal- 
eahuauo, and liberated the vessels. Hearing 
of the declaration of war with Eng., he de- 
termined to return home and enter the army ; 
but peace was declared before he arrived. On 
his return to S.C. he was elected to the State 
legisl., and .secured the construction of the im- 
portant road over the Saluda Mountain. M.C. 
1821-5 ; and discharged an important mis- 
sion to Mexico in 1822, during the brief reign 
of Iturbidc ; minister to Mexico in 1825-9, 
and negotiated a treaty of commerce ; while 
there he maintained his personal independence 
with spirit and cour»ge during scenes of pecu- 
liar difficulty in the revol outbreaks of the 



times. He returned home to lead the Union 
party of S.C. in the nullification struggle ; and 
was sec. of war under Van Buren in 1837-41; 
opposed to nullification, secession, ami the 
Mexican war. He delivered a discourse on the 
" Promotion of Science," at the first anni^. of 
the Nat. Institution ; pub. " Notes on Mexico, 
made in 1822," Phila. 1824, and some essays 
and orations oil ioi)ics of manuf. and agric. in- 
dustry. He endowed the Nat. Institution wiih 
a valuable umseum. B'ounderof an Acad, of 
Fine Arts at Charleston. — Xut. Port. Gali 

Polk, James Knox, 11th pres. of the 
U.S., b. Mecklenburg Co., N.C., Nov. 2, KO.) ; 
d. Nashville, Tenn., June 15, 1849. U. of 
N.C. 1818. His family, originally named Pol- 
lock, came from Ireland early in the 18ih cen- 
tury; and his great-uncle Thomas was disting. 
in the Revol. His father Samuel, a farmer, 
and a stanch Jettersonian, removed to Tenn. 
in the f.ill of 18UG. Mr. Polk studied in the 
office of Felix Grundy ; was adm. to the Co- 
lumbia bar in 1820, soon taking a high posi- 
tion ; member of the legisl. in 1823-5 ; M.C. 
1825-39, and speaker 1835-9; gov. of Tenn. 
in 1839—40; nominated to the presidency by 
the IJemoc. conv. at Baltimore, Ma}- 29, 1 844 ; 
and elected by 170 votes to 105 for Henry 
Clay, the prime issue being the annexation of 
Texas. He was the early friend of Jackson, 
and strongly supported his measures while in 
Congress, opjiosing federal appropriations fur 
internal improveirients, a protective taritt', and 
a national bank; and was one of the most 
conspicuous adversaries of the administration 
of John Quiney Adams. In the session of 
1 8.33-4, as chairman of the com. of ways and 
means, he vindicated with much force the con- 
duct of the pres. in ordering the removal of 
the public deposits from the Bank of the U.S. 
His administration was one of the most im- 
portant in our history; it covers the settle- 
ment of the Oregon-boundary question, the cie- 
ation of ihe dept. of the interior, the admission 
of Wisconsin as a State, the annexation of 
Texas and the consequent war with Mexico, 
and acquisition ot New Mexico and Caliloriiia. 
He labored to organize the national treasury 
on the principles of the Constitution, and in- 
troduced- into the govt, many linancial and 
commercial reforms. He was an animated 
speaker, and a ready debater. — Hee his IJj'e bii 
Mm ii. Jenkins, I2ino, 1850 ; Hist, of his A(l- 
niinislinliim, luj L. B. Cha.<e, 8vo, 1850. 

Polk, Lkuxidas, Pr.-Ep. bishop, and gen. 
C.S.A.,:iil cousin of the preceding, b. Ralei^'h, 
N.C, I80G; killed at Pine Mountain, Ga., 
Junel4. 1SG4. West Point, 1827. He served 
a few months as lieut. of art. ; then studied the- 
ology ; was Old." deacon in 1830 ; was a cler- 
gyman from 1831 to 1838, when he became 
miss, bishop of Ark. and the Indian Teir. 
south of 30"= 30' ; and in 1841 became bi>liop of 
La., residing in Latourehe parish, where he had 
extensive plantations. Sympathizing strongly 
with secession, he early urged upon Davis ami 
the Confcd. authorities the imfioi tanceof furiify- 
ingand holding the strategical points of the Jlpi. 
Valley. In July, 1861, he became m.ij.-gen. 
in the Confed. army. His thorough military 
training was evinced by his selection of point; 



I>OL 



20 



PO^f 



of dcfcnrc, such as Forn Htiirv ami Donel- 
eun, Columbus, Kv., Isluiul No. 10, mid Mviu- 
utiU : tliuu^li lie Ui>l nut rank hi^li as a ;:«iiorul. 
Kvticualiii); Culiiiiilius, Maivli I. \liiii, liv 
joiiicJ Bi'«inv::artl s iiiniv al Cuiinili ; look 
|>ari ill lliv ImiiK- uI Mii.uIi, iu ooiu. ut ilio 
' ls( cor|ts ; sorwtl aftcrnriinl uiiiIlt Unii:^ ; Hiid 
i-om llio 2<l iirin_\ corps when Ura;;;: iiivaditl 
Kv. i.i Sept. ISC', lie saw iiiucli li.ird li^hl- 
iuj; in llio IkikIc oI' MurlKvsiioruuuli, and 
shared ill llic viiiory ut l'liickiiiiiuii;.-a ; tor 
dison-difiico of orders in tliis Itaitic, wlicrcby, 
as was a»crti'd in Bni^^'.- official report, the 
li.>lvr.il army was alone saved from anniliila- 
tioii. lie na- relieved from liis com., and placed 
umler avrvst. App. lieut.-'^Mi. cany in IS6;i; 
iu iIk winter and spring; ot 1^04 lie had lem- 
jHiraiy cliarye of the l>ept. of the Mpi. By 
skilful dis)>osiiioiis, lie pavenietl llic junction 
of Ciens. Smith and Sherman iu ^oiilheru 
Mpi , and took com. of a corps in dohnsiun's 
army which opposed the advance of Sherman 
to Ailaiila, participating in the chief en^-a^e- 
meiit..!. He was killed t>y a cannon-shot while 
iveoiinoitring near Marietta, Ga. He had 
never ivsijjned his diocese, and intended after 
the war to re>ume his episco|>al functions. 

Polk, TBiSTiis, politician, b. Sussex Co.. 
Del., .May i!>, 1811. Y.C. IS31. He siiidii-d 
latv al the Vale Law School, and be-:an pr.ic- 
tice ill St. Louis in I $35. MemtKr ot the 
State (.'oust. Con v. IS43 ; gov. of Mo. 1S57 ; 
US senator lSo7-63, expelled for dis;ovalIv 
10 J.iii. 1S62. 

Pollard, Edw.vko a., editor Richmond 
ExuMii.,1 . and Imm 1867 to May, 1869, the 
■S^^i/.'i. /■/! U/»//t/oH, weekly, at i!icliinond. Au- 
thor oi •Bark Diamonds." 18o9; - Soutliern 
lli>i. of the War," 3 vols. 8vo, l86-)-J ; " Eiyht 
Moiiliis in I'rison," ic, 1805; " The Lust 
Cause," Svo, 1866 ; '" Lee and hi> Lieutenants." 
Svo, 1867 ; " The Lost Cause l{l■^»llu^l," 
1868; "Life of Jerterson Uuvi>," 8vo, 186'J; 
•• Va. Tourist." Son of .Maj. Uich.inl. soUliiT 
and diplomatist, d. Washin^-ion, I). C.. Feb. 
1851. .\pp. capt. 20th Inf April 14. 181:2; 
in.ij. -'Ist Inf. Dec 14, 1813; duryf d'uj'atn* 
to I li. i. lJvi5. 

Pollock, James, LL.D. (X. J. Coll. IS5J). 
b. I'a. X.J. Coll. 1831. i'ractisetl law : app. 
jiuUeol C.C.P.; M.C. Irom Pa. 184-3-9; gov. 
lS5."i-8: deleg. to I'eaec Conj;. Mar\h. 1861. 

Pomeroy, Besj.imin, D.U. (D.C. 1774). 

iiiii.i-t^r ol Hebron. Ct.. from Dec. If 35, to Ins 
d.. Dey. 2i. 1784; b. Suttield. 1704. Y.C. 
174). ' Kitwe«\l, his aiux-stor. settkil at Wind- 
sor in I6.'!3. During Whitefield's revival, he 
.preached with ^rval leal and power. He was 
lor 7 _\eans ileprived ol his itiaie^ salary for 
pi>euehiii^ ill disre^anl of the l.iws of Ct. C ha)>- 
luiii in the Kreiieh and licvol wars; an exivl- 
lent ^cllular, a man ol real (jenin?, and one of 
the li-I pivai hers ut hi^ ila^ . — S,>npmr. 

Pomeroy, Joit.\ Xokton, LL.i). (l". of 

Vt. 1861), dean ol the L;«w School, and prof. 
ol (Kilii. scieiK-c, U. of X.Y.. b. Koihe-icr, 
X.^ ., ab. 1826. Author of" Inirud. to .Muni- 
cipal l^w," 8ro, 1864; •' Inirod. to C S. 
(Constitutional Law," Svo, 1S68 ; cuntrib. on 
Criminal Procedure to .Y. A. Jiti'inc, April, 
1861, and Jail. 1862. 



Pomeroy, Gk.>c. Seth ; d. Peek-kill, 
X. v.. Feb 1777. Son of Ebcneier, and 
crandson ol Deacon Medatl Pomeroy, and r*- 
tidcil in Xorthainpton, .Ms. : eii^^in::, nhilo 
.\oun^, in military duties. Capt. in 1744 ; mnj. 
at the capture of Louisbiir,; in 1745; in 175S 
he was lieul.-col. in Williams's n'^i., Irom 
whose death he was chief commander in the 
buttle with Dicskau. His re<;t. was the most 
prominenl, and sutK-red most, in (.iiinin^ the 
victory al I^ke lieorf;e. He was a deh-aate to 
the Prov. Con-;, in 1774-5 ; in f>et. 1774 wai 
chosen with Preble and Ward a |;eiierul utficer, 
and in Feb. 1775 a bri);.-p;n. He fonj;lit as a 
private soldier al Bunker's Ilill, and was in the 
iiotiest of the right. His app. as senior bri;;ii- 
dicr by Coii^n.'ss, a few days after, eausin;; some 
diliiculty in tlie adjiisiinent of questions of 
rank, he decline-d it. and soon after rviiretl to 
his farm. In the following* year, however, 
wlien X J. was overrun by the enemy, he 
heade^l tlic railiiia of his neighborliood, and 
marv'hed to the Hudson itiver. He wa- an 
ingenious and skill'ul luevhanic, and rounnf. of 
nriQS, and was a te-alous and devoted patriot. 
His son Ix-niuel, 40 years in the legisl., d. 
Southampton, Dec. 1819, a 82. 

Ponce de Leon (i^'m'-iiuk di la-on), 

Ji'>.\. the Siianisli di.-.c<jven-r of Florida; d. 
Culia, I5JI. lie diT-iing. himself in the war 
with the Moors of Uranada ; aecomp. Colum- 
bus on his second ex|>etl. in 1498 : and liecaiue 
com. of the eastern provimx ol Ilis|Hinio!«. 
Sent by Ovando in 1509 to conquer the Island 
of Porto Kico, he ama.s.>c<l there great we-alth, 
and hearing of an island situatc<l to the north, 
in which was a miraculous fountain which 
cv>uld restore youth to the ag\-<l, he sailed in 
quest of it to the Bahamas in .Mar 1512. He 
lailed to rind the fountain, but landinl, 8 April, 
1512, some miles north of the site of St. An;;us- 
tine. taking [>o>se»sion in the name of the King 
of Spiin He cruised ihe're some numllis, 
doulil>.d Ca|ie Floiida,s;iiled among the Tortu- 
gas, and ri'tunied to Porto Kieo, leaving one 
of his men to continue the seareh. Keiuriiini; 
to Spain in 1513, he ivceived Irom Fenlinnnd 
jierinission locoloniic the " I-laml of Floiida." 
and tlic app. of gov. ; in 1514 be led an unsuc- 
i-cssful ex|K-d. ag:tiiist iheCanb. Imlians. Pro- 
cce«liiig ill 1521 to t ike possi*s.->ion of his pror- 
ince, he encounterwl the deiemiined hostility 
of the natives, was driven l>ack to his shtps 
mortally wounded, and d. soon after his arrival 
ill Ciitm. 

Pond, Enooh. D.D., author, b. Wrentham, 
Ms, July 29, 1791. B.C. 1813. He stndicl 
tlieology with Dr. Emmons; was liivnse<l to 
preach June, 1814; onl. pastor of the Con^. 
chunh. Auburn, .Ms., Mareh 1. 1815; and dis- 
misseil in IS2S to become the i-omlucior ol the 
.S/xi 1/ orVA< Piiirrims. A monthly pub in Bos- 
ton. He was prof, of Iheologt in the se-in. al 
Bangor from Sept. 18.32 to 1856, when ho 
U-esiiiH- pres. pro! of cecles. history, and livturer 
on |uistoral tiuties. He has pub. >vviews of 
"Judson on Baptism," "' Monthly Concert 
Lecture-," 1824; " MeiDoir of Pr«. Darics." 
1827; of "Susanna Aiuhonv," 1827; of 
" Count Ziniendorf," 1839; of "John Wick- 
Utki," 1841 ; " Morning of the Reformatiou." 



r27 



1842 ; " Xo Fellowship with UomaTMsm," 
184-i; "The Miiiher Kaniily " niul "The 
Vouiij; I'a-tur's Guide," 18.14 ; " Tlje Woild's 
ISiilviiiiDii," 1S45 ; " Pope ami Pa;;an," n " He- 
view of Swedcnl'Oigiaiiism," and " I'hitu," 
184G; " Lilc of Incrcu-c M:iihcr " nud "Sir 
Will. Pliipps," 1847 ; •' Tlie I'hiiirh," 1848 ; a 
rcviivv of UusliiRll's "God in ('lirist," 184'J ; 
" TIk- Aiieifiit Cliurch," 1851 ; " Memoir of 
John Knox," 1856 ; " The Wrcek and Ite.ene," 
ly.iS; " Haiigor Lectures on Pastoral Tlieol.," 
18G0; ■' l.ccinrea on Chrisiinii Theolo;;y," 
8vo, 1868; "Prize Kssuy on Con-jreijaiional- 
i.-iii." Sipi. 1867. 

• Pont Briand, IIenbi Du Bnii;r„ de, 
6tii ami liisi l)i>liopof Canada under the French 
doiniiiioii, b. Valines, France, 1709; d. Mon- 
tiTil, June 8, 1760. Consce. April 9, and ar- 
rived at Qnehec All;.'. 17, 1741. On the 
apiuoach ot the Kn^iish to Queliec, in 1759, he 
is-ucd a Pastoral I^eiter, which is in Smith's 
" History ol Canada." 

Fonte, Lorenzo da, nn Italian poet, h. 
Cencda, Venice, M.ir. 10, 1749; d. New York, 
Aug. 17, 1838. lie was well educated. Was 2 
years prof, of rhetoric in the Sem. of Ponta 
Ciuadiu ; then removed to Venice, and, in con- 
eequcnce of a satirical sonnet n;:ainst Count 
Pi^ani, was exiled, lie went to V'ienna, wlnro 
lie I eiaiiie Latin sec. to Joseph II ; wrote for 
the Italian ihcatrcs of Vienna and Pra;:ne; and 
|Hoduecd the lihrettos of a nninlH-r of opera", 
anion;,'- them " Don Giovanni " and " Nozzi di 
Figaro." He passed several years at London 
as poet and see. of the Italian Opera, under ihe 
niana;;ement of Taylor. In 1803 he came to 
America, teaching liis native language and 
literature in New York ; in his 80th year he 
was app. prof of Italian in Col. College. Be- 
sides dramas, he is the author of Memoirs of 
his own Lilc, 3 vols. N.Y., 1823 ; of a number 
of sonnets, and of translations of Byron's 
" Prophecy of Dante," and of Dodsley's " Even- 
ing ol Human Life." He ])Ossesscd a tall and 
imposing form, and a head of antique beauty, 
wiih a ]>rofusion of flowing hair. His son 
LouEszo L., prof of the Italian lang. and lit. 
in the U. ol N.Y , b. Lond. 1805, d. N.Y. City, 
28 Jan. 1840. Author of " Hisiory of thcFlo'r- 
entine Kepublie," 2 vo'a. 8vo, X.Y. 1833 ; and 
" Almac hide," a tragedy, 1830. 

Foutiac, chief of the Ottawas, b. on the 
Oiiawa Hivcr, 1720 ; d. 17G9. He settled near 
Mirhi.imacinac, and was an ally of the French. 
In 1746, at the head of a body of Indians, mostly 
Oitawas, he successfully defended Detroit, then 
a French possession, against the attacks of 
some hostile northern tribes. He is supposed 
to have led the Ottawas at Braddock's defeat 
ill 1735. Ill 1760, Maj. Rogers, with a detach- 
ment, look possession of the western posts un- 
der the treaiy of Paris. Hating the Fnglish, 
the discontent of the Indians was increased by 
injudicious usage ; and Pontiae, at thecloscof 
1762, sent messengers to the different nations, 
proposing that in May, 1763, they should rise, 
massacre the Knglish garrisons, and destroy the 
froniierseitlemcnts. 9 Ions were aitacked on the 
same day, and their garrisons cither massacred 
or disjierscd. Pontiae himself was to attack 
Detroit ; but, bis intention being discovered, 



he besieged it, and, to obtain food for his war 
riors, issued promissory-notes drawn upon birch- 
bark, and signed with ihe tigure of an otter, 
which were all redeemed. The siege histi'J 
Iroin May 12 to Oct. 12, when it was raised, and 
the Indians sued for peace. Pontiae, unsub- 
dued, endeavored to stir up the Indians on ihe 
^liaiiii anil in other places, and a]ipricd in vain 
for aid Iroin the French com. at New Orleans. 
Uis followers gradually fell olf ; and in 1766 ho 
formally submiited lo the Knglish rule. He 
was killed by an Illinois Indian at Cahokia, 
opposite St. Louis, while drunk. — See /Jis(oiii 
of the Conspiracy of Potitiac by F. ParLman, 
1851. 

Poole, WiLLi.vM Fredkiiick, b. Salem, 
Ms., 1821. Y.C. 1849. Librarian Bost. .Mcr. 
Lib. 1852-6, and of the Bost. Aihcnaiiini 1856- 
69; now of the Ciiicin. Library. Author of 
" Index to Subjects in Ueviewsand Periodicals," 
8vo, 1848; "Index to Periodical Literature," 
8vo, 1833 ; " The Battle of the Di -tionarics," 
8vo, 1856 ; " Wehsterinn Orlhograpliv," 1857 ; 
"The Orthographical Hobgoblin,'" 1859; 
" The Mather Papers," 1868 ; "Cotton Mather 
and Salem Witchcraft," repr. Irom N. A. Review, 
1869. C'ontrib. to N.A. Ileriew, &c. 

Poor, CiiARi.ES 11., rcar-adin. U.S.N., b. 
Cambridge, Ms., June 9, 1808. Midshipm. 
Mar. I, 1823; lieut. Dec.31,1833; com. Sept. 
14, 1855; capt. 1 Jnlv, 1862; comnio. Jan. 2, 
1863; rear-adm. Sept. 20, 1868; retired 9 
June, 1870. He com. exped. of sailors and 
marines to re-enforce Fort Pickens in 1861 ; 
frigate " Uoanwke," N. Atlantic block, squad., 
1861-2 ; com. " The Saraniic," Pacific -quad., 
186.3-5; com.theN. All. squad. Aug 19. 1869. 

Poor, Daniel, D.D., missionary lo India, 
b. Danvers. Ms., June 27, 1789 ; d. of cholera 
at Jaffria, Ceylon, Feb. 3, 1835. D.C. 1811 ; 
And. Sem. 1814. He sailed from Newbnry- 
port wiili olh'T missionaries, Oct. 23, 1815 ; 
arrived at Colombo in Ceylon, Mar. 2."J. 1816 ; 
resided a while at Tillipaliy, afterward at Bar- 
ricotta, where he opened a .scientific sem. ; re- 
moved to Madura in Mar. 1836 ; returned home 
in Sept. 1848; spent about two years in the 
employ of the A.B.C.F.M., visiting various 
parts of ihc country, delivering addresses, and 
otherwise stimulating missionary enterprise, 
returning to Ceylon in 1850. Author of vari- 
ous publications in the Tamil and Knghsli 
lancna-cs. 

Poor, Exocn, brig. -gen. Uevol. army, b. 
Andover, Ms., 1736 ; killed in a duel with a 
French officer, near Uackensack, N. J , Sept. 8, 
1780. Son of Thomas, and grandson of Daniel 
Poor, one of the first setilers of Andover. 
After receiving a eominon-school education at 
that place, he removed to Kxetcr, N.ll., where 
he engaged in commercial pursuits. Imme- 
diately alter the hatilc of Lexington, the Pniv. 
A-sembly ajip. him col. Upon the ev.icuation 
of Boston, his regt. was orilcred to N.Y., and 
thence to join in the invasion of Canada. Ho 
was one of the officers who remonsiiaicd in 
writing aj.'ainst the abandonment ol Crown 
Point. Feb. 21, 1777, he was app. a brig.-Kcii. ; 
served in that capacity in the battles with Bur- 
goyiie, after whose surrender he joined the army 
under Washington in Pa. He was a participator 



JS 



POP 



in ihc iDorrmMiis in ibr vicinitr of the DcJa- 

wnn- ;,. r.ril.i-in ihr siiff T ill,'- '"ui,! .!, Miiiiiion 
*" ^ ■ Utile 



tlir > X 

faiiirv 

p,.n, ' , 
I 

w 



_ 'I m- 
L> «r- 

mt>l. 
C..i»- 

linil every 



elaini to llio csh-. 

Poor, John A . . i«thor of ihe 

railrvu.l sv>tcra ot .Mc, k Aii<k>nT. Mc. 8 
Jan. ISi^: J. IVnlaml. 5 S«pt. ISTl, a. M 

At rtr>i n ;.i» .>r i.i R,n.-..r. iin.l al;>•r».l,^l :„ 

M 

o< ; 

•n-l ^ A l; •■. ^i-l ! ^■>. o: Ihc ,.n..i»^.^4 

IVrtlan.l. K.itlanJ. sn J t^-w^^o UailnMhl. An 
•dire inciiil>er of the Mo. Hi>t. S«>c.. muJer 
wliosc au>|irt-s he i>uK in IStii " A Vin.licii- 
tion of iIk- Claims ot Sir K. Gorvvs," &c. ; 
•n«l ho ilol. the aUJre^s at tlw IVulxun celcU. 
in 1S6S. 

Poore, Rknjamin I'kklct, journalist and 
author. I.. Nowl.iirr. M- Nov. 2, ISiit. Uo 
*"* "' "v; piiK anil 

*>'' - Oia., ISWS- 

** ^^sols. ism; 

'""■• ■ - .-...,. i. ,,v. , <-.t.t-i$. anilooiu- 

pilwl III loMo vols, ot iiu|x>ri:ini dov-iimonis. 
U92-i:#ll; tiir\.i-n corresiv oi lUk-Mn .lf;,i.« 
lS4,t->: o>i;:, r i;,.-t.„. Ji- J: . .... t . '..... 



w 



Aiiric. ^ov•.. aiui ttiiiur o: i;> j..uriinl, >iiux> 

JS54. Amhx>r of ' I.ifo of Gvu. Tavlor," 

184S: ■ K ->..;; ■ K:lllori^ui>l'hilimv."'l!i48; 

"^ ~^ -•leon." ISil ; No\-ellrltc$, 

fji '* /'Kti«.,i/.- "Acrioult. 

»i- . Mi. : ■• •• The CoMspiraiv 

Tr:» , '. '•^'■. ■■ Conirrrssion.-il l>iivetorv,'' 

It*:. — AL;;>Mt 

Pope, ("ii-VKLKS A.. M.D.. survTon. b, 
Uuni>vilie. Ala.. IS Mar. ISIS; J. ^^lri». Mo., 
6Jiil_v, 1S70. Ho grailuatol al the tinirvrsiiioi 
ot Al*. ami of IV. and aiiendod a course of 
lectures ai the Cinoin. Mol. Coll. After S 
veurs of travel aiul >niily ahrv^d. he setiiod in 
Si. Louis in 1S41 ; jmIim^ m larco prariii-e, and 
filled smve».-.ivoU- the chairs ol anaionir and 
sur^-erj in ih»' St Louis I'. Ho ai.U>l in found- 
in- th^- St. I-.uis Mori. Coll.. and devoicrl 
luuoh lime and l,^lx>r lo proiuoie the cau^^ of 
olur.itioii. Vre>. Amor. Mo,i Assoc, in lRi.1. 

Pope, John. |H..itioi<«n. K Pr. \Vi|li«ni Co.. 
\».. aU irro. d. \Vi.:,i: v,.!! t",. Ki .lull- 
IJ. lS4i. L>»>in.-.. 
niinol to siudv I.H\\ 
atterwanl in Lexii _ n 

the Kv. lejii.sl ; I'.S sciia:or ISiT-li , XI.C, 
ISSr-W: tov. Ark. Terr. IS2»-aS; pirs. pro 
h -. U.S. Senate ISM. — (V;,«j-, //,v. A». 

Pope, Joux. rummo. T.S.X., h. Ms. ".Mid- 
»hi|viii. .Mav ;u>. 1SI6; liout. Apr. SS. ISSS; 
com. Fob. 15, 1S«; capu Sept. U. ISii; 



commo. (retiml li»t) July 16. IWS. He com. 
brij: •• IMphin," omsI ' ol AtrM-a. IS*6-:| 
^l.lop •• Van.lali«," K.l. n^uad.. ISi.-»-« ; noani- 
sloop •• Kiohniond, " Inilf H|uad.. IS6I ; priie 
coniioLs.. Uu.iDn. IS64-6; li|:hl-hoase IntiK 
IS(;i".-9. "^ 

Popo, JoH!i.bri<;.^>n. U.S„\., h, Kv. Mar. 
lb. ISi.l. « CM Point. IS4i Ui» faibi-r' Judt-c 
Vuhaiiiol (h. Va. 1785. d. St. U.uU, Mo , aS 
Jan. ISiti). was a lawvor at Vaihlali*. HI.; ■ 
dcKv- to(Vii_-nss fnni 111 T. it in 1M<-1S- 
iv'v.-i.-li 1 ' ■ 

ISIS. ~ ,.',• 

Jolili , ^^^ 

the Miih. .', . . ,' 

for Montor«'\. ■,, 

23. km:, (i .; 



r\«.i. in l,> 
Mountains. 



tor. IVv 13, 

-"■''■ ■ "^" I 



addn^. Ir. ; 
tions." 
icy of ! 

was ^^ 

drop|H>i, I|> . 

Mr. LiiK-v>lnt.\' 

voLs. M.iy IT •- 

whoro '. 

an on. 

ro«it»\i 

onors. in t, 

him with tho 

to <>M>|vrate >v 

'^' - 'iv- on .\>» .\. 

';ar. IS; an, 

\o. 10 (Apr. > 

, ..; M^r ■:< '- 

ol «.is.; IT, A; 
ion of lion. !I 

stud the eiKiu. ..ii.. .U..1, 

was suni»hino>l to \Va.»Jiiugtm, to tako i\>m 
the Anuv of Va. June s:. ISiiJ; mado l.i 
con. r.S A. JiiK U. .\ii- i: 1 ,i T-. . 
l'o|v dn-w l>acl hi.s i\ ' 
tviihtiniKK-k : fivHii thi- 
r."-, r .: ^.l^o^.^ .. , 

1 



ol \ a . and a.<si^-ni>l to that of tlw IViK. of tlic 
Xonh-«v>t. In IVv ho h-^-irtiil nr W.^.'N_>- 
tiw Uforv tho c\>nrT . . - 

Portor, luvnscvl by hi: 
thi- cnoniv at thc's^x-. 

'!-> ■"■■ -•• r.S A ., \. 

No. ItK Anili ,. 

- .1 ni\w to til , 



Popl 



POP 



729 



ff;!i:'.^yj'lr«"'^!p'\"'e other. Au 



POR 



oi Mr »Valtcr nnlei-h, the other An.. I -. ,».„ 




mmMM 

18 he ,v..« active in fonni,,. ,1„, S,,;,' .;;,;" 



strmotis. A^cnt of several benev gocictios 
"c.„lK.r of the A.B.C.F.M., and, thoufwa- 

n, , ®/'. ^■'*'">. commodore U.S.N h 

c..i.i. i)..,j ™,. , B„,„„ „„„,,.,^;'u ™ 




POR 730 TOR 

Rik* a p ri iMwr. In )m^. whil* in com in Aor IRfti^. ))>« (!<<(>« w«« <«*<«) m GnnJ 



Porter, 

! r.. ;>- 



*> tbe " BucfcibiM Wv," «rvf« 
■■■n. iD.C. ISU), 









"^M. b Coniwa'.l, 
r, A!>r «. 1<S» 

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- 




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FlTlJ 




V.^rter, 


Ges 


OHS. B«(<k<^W of Cooi. 
















- of 




:i.i » 








1> - 

\nr\»' >: ■ c •■.. > ■ - 

wiiboa; Juih- iT. I - 

t$<3. lb- . chMf v>f st^ 

•fovUBj: "...I V Apr. to A«^ 



FOR 



731 



the Potomac, he was in Aug. plactil at the 
head of a division; and in Slay, I«62, toolc 
coin, of tlje 5th corps. H(! din-<;ted the Kif;;c- 
work, Ix'forc Yorktown, and was gov. of tliat 
pla<e fur a sliort lime alter its cv.icuatlon ; 
com. tho extreme ri';ht before Richmond, re- 
ceived the fierci'st uftackn of the •ni-mv, and 



was nro.iiofr'd for his services. Teni[)orariiy 
attaehid to (;cn. Pope's com. diirin'.' the l.atlleg 
whi h followed the evacuation of the Pcninsul.i, 
lie avoid' d all pir.iti|>niion in th'iii ; and, for- 
mal char^jes ljcin;j made a^rain^t him, lie w.ia 
deprived of his com., Imt, at the request of Gen. 
M Clellan, wa.s restored to duty, ami look part 
in the Md. campaign; com. the resene in the 
b.itile of Aiilictam. In Nov. he was ordered 
to \Va hin;;ion for trial bv court-martial, and 
wai ea.hl.red 21 .Jan., fNfl.3, for violation 
ol tlu! !)ih and Bid articles of war. The 
grounds Ibr Uin appeal to the Pres. in 1S70 for 
a rev.T-al of this «entincc are stated in Old 
and .\iw for June, 1870. 

Porter, (;i,orgb B., gov. of Mich. Terr. 
1 83 1 -4, son of (;en. Andrew, h. Lancaster 
Pa., 1790; d. Detroit, Mich,, 6 Jiilv, 1834. 
I^iberally cducited, and a lawyer; he'was an 
active and ihoroiish bu>iT|i-8s-man. 

Porter, C'oi,. Giionou \V , author of many 
valuulile i;ivintio:is, espi-ciallv the Poricr rifle; 
d. n jr .Mcniplii.H, Tcnn.,7 Nov. IS.jG, a.ab. 50. 
Li ut. 3><ih U.S. Inf Jlay, I8l4-.June, 1815. 

Porter, .).v.«E3, the "Kentucky giant;" 
d. Louisville, Ky., 23 Apr. I^-SD. He was 7 
leet 9 indies lii.di, and weighed 300 lbs. 

Porter, James Madtscv, lawver, son of 
('•'». Anrlrow, b. Hclma, Pa., .Jan.'C, 1793; d. 
Ea ton, Pa., Xov. II, 186;.'. He w.ts educotcd 
for the bar ; served as a vol. in the war of 1 812 ; 
was a memlwr of the Pa. Const. Conv. in 1838, 
havnig an imptjrtant share in the revision of 
the State Const.; was app. see. of war in Mr. 
Tyler's c.iliimt in 1843, but rejected by the 
senate. He wa.s one of the founders of Laf. 
Col!, at Ea«ton ; 25 years pres. of its board of 
trustees; and was nres. judge I2th judicial 
dist., P.I., and 22d dist. 

Porter, John Addison, chenii.st, b. Cat.s- 
kill, N.Y,, .\I;ir. l."), Is;)2; d. N. IJaven, Ct 
Aug. 2.'i, ISGO. Y.C. 1842. He was tutor, 
and then prof of rhi^toric, in Del. Coll. until 
I**47 ; then studied at the U. of Giessen, G^r- 
inany, gev. ral yeaw, where he had the instruc- 
tion of Li "big in agricultural chemisirv. In 
1850 he became prof of chemistry as a'pplied 
to the arts in Brown IT., and held a similar 
chair at Y.C. in 1852-64. During the seees- 
Bioti war, he wrote and spoke sironglv on the 
Union side, and edited the ComiM-iinii I('r/r 
Jlfcord. He was the aul lior of several t'Xt-books 
of chemistrjr; selections from the "Kalevala," 
the great I'innish epic, 1868; and contnljs. to 
the seieiitilie journals. — Y. V. Oh. Hm„-il. 

Porter, Moses, brig.-gen. U S.A., b. Dan- 
vers, Ms., 1755; d. Cambridge, Ms., Apr. 14, 
1822. Lient. in Trevett's art. May 19, 1775- 
served at Bunker's Hill, and through the Revol.' 
the siiceeidiiig Indian wars, and that of IHI2-^ 
15 with Eng. He was at White Plains ; the 
campaign in the Jerseys, Trenton, Brandv- 
wine, Germantown ; wan an efficient eo-ailiu- 
tor of Col. Smith in the defence of Mud 



Island, in the Delaware ; was one of the few 
old olficers selected for the first pea-e estab- 
lishment; lieut. May I, 1787; capt. Nov. 1791, 
»er\ing under Wayne in 1794; maj. 1st Art. 
May 26, 1800; col. light art. Mar. 12, 1812- 
accomp. Wilkinson's anuy, and com. the art.,' 
and disting. at the ca|)turc of Fort George 
Mav 27, 1813; brev. brig -gen. Sept. 10, 181.3* 
and ordered to the defence of Norlblk, Va. in 
If* 14; col. 1st. Art. Mav, 1821. 

Porter, Xo.ui, Di> (U. of NY. 18.08), 

LL.O , 1). Kiirinington, Ct., 1811 ; author and 
cdtieator. Y.C. 1831. Clark prof of moral 
pliilos. and metaphysics Y.C. 1846-71 ; now 
(1871) prcH. Y.C. .Son of Hev. Noah, niin. 
of Farmliigton 1806-CG. Author of Hist. 
Discourse at Karmington, Nov. 4, 1840; "Edu- 
ciitional .Systems of the Puritans and Jesuits 
Compared," 1851 ; "The Human Intellect," 
1868; "Books and Rending," 1870; and an 
abstract entitled "Elements of Intellectual 
Philos.," 1870. Contributor to religious pc- 
riodiciils. ' 

Porter, Peter Buel, politician and sol- 
dier, b Salisbury, Ct., Aug. 14, 1773 ; d. Ni- 
at'ara Falls, .Mar. 20, 1844. Y.C. 1791. His 
fatherDr. Joshua, a physician in fiilisburv, 
Ct. (Y.C. 1754, d. 1825), was a col. of mililia 
in the battle of Saratoga. The son be-'an to 
practise law at Canandaigua, N.Y., in'°1795- 
soon became popular; and was M.C. in 1809-^ 
I'i and 1815-16. He had settled at Black 
Rock, where he had, with his bros., made large 
purchases of land, when the war of 1812 with 
Kng. broke out. Made nMJ.-gen. of N.Y. and 
Pa. vols, in July, 1813, he defended Black 
Rock (BufTalo) au'ainst the British in that 
n.outh ; and was disting. in the battles of Chit), 
pewa, Niagara Falls, and F'ort Erie, receiving 
the thanks of Congress and a gold medal. 
Both Gens. Brown and Gaines speak of hini 
in their reports as a " brave, skilful, and 
gallant officer." In 1815 Pies. Madison app. 
him com. in chief of the armv, which he de- 
clined ; commiss. under the trc'atv of Ghent in 
1816 ; afterward sec. of state of N.Y. ; sec. of 
war under Pres. Adams in 1828. He m. Letitia 
Grayson, dau.of Attv.-Gen. John Breekenridgo. 
Gen. Porter was identified with the progress 
of Western N.Y., was one of the euriv prryeet- 
ors of the Erie Canal, and one of' the first 
board of commiss. His so n Col. Petfb A to 
was killed a t Cold Hii]3iiiF,^V*^ .June 3, 1 864 
at the IreaTTof his regt. (l:;9th N.Y.) ; b. Black 
Roek, N.Y,, .July 14, 18^7. H.U. 1845. He 
studied at Heidell>erg, Beriin, and Breslau • 
member of the N.Y. Icgisl. 1861 ; commiss. 
col Aii^' 17. 1862. 

Porter, Tiio.MAS,judgc; d, Granville, N,Y. 
Ang. 18.J3, a, 99 yrs. 3 mos. He was in the 
British army at Luke George in 1755, and was 
active during the Revol. He was 10 years 
judge of the Supreme and Countv Courts of 
V t., and was a member of the leg'islaturcs of 
Vi. and Ct. 35 years. Dr. Ebenezer, of An- 
dovcr Sem., was a son. 

Porter, William A., b. Hunterdon Co., 
Pa., 1821. Laf. Coll. 1839. Adm. to Phila. 
bar 1842; sheriff of Phila, 1843; city solici- 
tor 1856 ; app. judge Sup. Ct. 1658. Author 
of "Essay on Law of Sheriffs," 1845; "Lifa 



I>OR 



782 



lOS 



if Ch. Justice John B. Gibson," 8vo, 18S5; 
'• Aildrvsscs." — AUiboue. 

Porter, William David, rommocloro 
r.S N., 1. X. Orleans, 1810; d. X.Y. City, 
Mav 1,1864. Sonof Com. DaviJ. App.tuthe 
navV, Jan. 1, 182.1; licul. Dec. 31, 18ai. IIo 
proj'ccleJ and founded the present li(;ht-hou»e 
syslera ; served llirou^h the Mexican war with 
di»tinction, but was retired in 1855, and re- 
siorv'il in 1859. At the beginning of iheUebel- 
lion Iw was on the I'acitic station, in the sloop 
of wjr " St. Marv's." His loyally Uing su-peet- 
cd, he wrote to tlic govt, a letter in his delVm-e, 
which was pub., and excited much comment. 
He was subsequently ordered to the >lpi. to 
assist in litlin;; out the gunboat flotilla, and 
placed in cora. of " The Essex," which he cause<l 
to be covervd with iron plates, and took part 
in the attacks on Forts Henry and Donel- 
son, being severely scaldoi in the lin-inamod 
action ; and fought his way past all the batte- 
ries from Cairo to X. Orleans. He took jwirt 
in the attack on Vicksburg, and aflcrw.ird 
engaged the iron-clad ConfcJ. gunboat "Arkan- 
sas " near Baton Kouge. " The Arkansas " was 
blown up ; and in Sept. he bombarded Nalchci, 
and attacked the Vicksburg biitterios and Port 
Hudson.* For these discing, seniccs. Com- 
mander Porter was made commoilore July 
16, 1862. Owing to feeble health, he did little 
subsitpent duty. He had two sons in the 
rebel scr» ice. 

Porter, William T., editor, U Vt. 1806; 
d. New York, July 19, 1858. At first a teacher; 
he subsequently became a printer, and, having 
removed to New York ab. 1833, pursued his 
Tocaiion in a book-printing establishment ; 
afterwards established the CunsltJUitioii. a week- 
ly journal, which was merged into the Sfiirit 
of Uie Times, a weekly |>aper devoted to sport- 
ing news and literature. Having sold out 
his interest in it, he began in 1836, in connec- 
tion with Mr. George Wilkes, the publication 
of Porter's Spirit of Ike Times, which he con- 
tinued to c>lu until his death. He was an 
elegant, graceful, and spirited writer, and was 
connected at various times with other journals. 
He edited Col. Hawker's " Instructions to 
Young Sportsmen," T. B. Thorpe's " Arkan- 
sas Stories," and J. AL Field's " Night in a 
Swamp," and other stories. — &« Lijehj/ Fran- 
cis BniJe^, l->ino, 1860. 

PortOTfleld, Col. Charles ; killed at the 
battle i.f Camden, Aug. 16, 1780. Capt. 1 Uh 
Va. Hegt. Feb. 13, IT76; lient.-col. of the 
Slate L'arris<in regt. Al)g. U, 1779. 

Porterfield, Ges. Roukkt, Uevol. officer; 
d. ai Ills roidence iu Augusta Co., Va., Feb. 
13, 184-1, a. 90. lie entered the Bmnancn<ign 
in Morgan's ritlc regt., and (juittcJ it a ca|>- 
tain. In the campaign of 1779, was capt. and 
aide de-camp to G»'n. W. Woodlbrd ; was cap- 
tured at Charleston, &. C, and afterward 
servcii at tlie North under Washington. He 
was a brig-gen. in the war of 1812, and an 
acting county magistrate over 50 years, twice 
holding the office of high sheriff. 

Portier, MicUAtL, D.D., Roman-Cath. 
bishop ol Mobile; cousec. Nov. i, 1826; d. Mav 
14, 1859. 
Posey, Cabxot, brig.-gtn. C. S. A., b. 



Mpi.; d. Charlottesville. Va.. Nor. 13, 1863, 
from a wound rccx-ive<l at Bristol Station, 
Oct, 14. As 1st lieut. in .leff Davis's rx'gl. rillcs 
he was disting., aud'wounde-d at Bucna Vista. 
Posey, Gen. TiioMA.<<. b. on the banks of 
the Potomac. July 9, 1750; d. Shawncviown, 
III., March 19, 1818. He rcccivtd a plain 
Knglish edocaiion. Removed to Western Va. 
at the age of 19, ami was quartermaster to 
Lewis's division of Lord Dunmorv's army ; par- 
ticipated in the blomly battle with the Indians 
at Point Pleasant. Oct. 10, 1774; in 1775 he 
was one of the com. of corresp. ; was app. 
C4ipt., and raised a comimny for the 7th Va. 
Cont. Regt. ; aided in defeating Dunmoro at 
Gwyn's Island ; joined Washington's army 
at &Iiddhd>rook early in 1777 ; was transferred 
to the celebrated rifle rogt. of Col. Morgan ; 
was soon after engaged in a .severe action with 
the British light tnxips at Piscaiaway, N. J. ; 
joined Gen. Gates, and rendered great service 
at the two battles of Bcmis Heights (Sept. 12) 
and Stillwater (Oct. 7) ; succeeded to the com. 
of the regt. in the spring of 1778 ; and led his 
regt. as maj. in Oct. 1778 in an ex|ied. against 
the Indians. In the spring of 1779 he took 
com. of the 11th Va. Regt.; was soon after 
transferred to the com. of a balL of Febiger's 
regt. under Wayne ; and at the brilliant a.ssanlt 
on Stony Point. July 15, 1779, was one of the 
first loeuter the enemy's works. He was present 
at thesurrendcrof Yorktown ; orgaiiiied anew 
regt., of which, with the rank of lieui.-col., he 
took Com. ; and servetl under Wavnc in Ga. 
until the evacuation of Savannah. When 
surprised by the Indians under Gucristersigo on 
the night of June 23, 1782, Posey milled and 
led lii< men to the charge, exhibiting great 
bravery and skill, and defealini; the enemy 
with severe loss. From 1786 to 1793 be was 
county lieut. of Spotlsylvania, Va. ; app. biig.- 
gen. Feb. 14, 1793 ; setllol in Ky. ; was elected 
State s<>nator; was 4 years lieut.-gov. ; inaj.- 
gen. of Ky. levies in 1809 ; U.S. senator from 
La. 1812-13; snccecdi'd Harrison as gov. of 
Ind. Terr. Mare-li 3. 1813 ; and in 1816 liecamc 
agent for Indian affairs, which (lOst he held at 
hisdeath. — .See Life o/" Posfg in Sparlcs's Am<r. 
liioQ. 

Post, MiSTCRS, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1832), 
phvsician and author, b. New York, June 28, 
1808; d. there April 26. 1869. Col. Coll. 
1827. He studied medicine in N. Y. and 
Phila. ; was a pupil of Dr. Mott. and com. 
pleted his studies under Louis. Bronssais. and 
others. He ao]uire<I a lucrutivc practice in 
New York ; and was 26 vears medical exam- 
iner of the N.Y. Mutual Life In.s. Co. Dr. 
Post was thortkughly familiar with diseases of 
the chest, and was largely instrumental in 
promoting the study of physical diagnosis. 
He was the translator of a French treatise on 
Auscultation and Pcri-u.ssion, 8vo, 1839. 

Post, Wright. M D.. an eminent physi- 
cian and surgeon, b. North Hempstead. L.I.. 
Feb. 19. 1766; d. Throgs Neek. X.V.. June 
14. 1828. After siuding 4 years under Dr. 
Richard Bayley of New York, and 2 years 
under Dr. Scldon of I»ndon, he returned in 
1786 to Xew York to commence praclie'c. 
App. in 1792 prof, of surgery in Col. Coll., 



POS 



733 



POT 



he visited tlie great schools of Em-ope, collcct- 
ins a splenciid anatomical caliinct, with 
which ho returned to America in 1793. He 
was for 20 years prof, of hnatomy and |)hysi- 
olojiy in that institution, during which period 
he etfocieil many difficult surgical operations, 
and attained high distinction. In 181.3 he 
was ap)i. :o a similar professorship in the Coll. 
of I'liys. and Surg., of which he was pres. in 
IS21-G. In 1813 he again vifited Europe for 
his lualih. He was for 30 years consulting 
physician of the NY. Hospital, and was a 
mcnilier of the most prominent literary socie- 
ties of the city. 

Postell, CoL. Benjahin, Rcvol. officer of 
St. liartliolomcw's parish; d. Charleston, S'C, 
Jan. ISOl, a. 41. In 1775 he was made a 
lieut. 1st S.C. Regt., and, on the capture of 
Charleston in 1780, was seiit to St. Augustine, 
surt'ering from brutal treatment during his cap- 
tivity of 11 months; afterward a menilierof 
the State legist., and col. of the Colleton Co. 
regt. With his hro., Maj. Jons PosTiiLL, he 
rendered good service in JIarion's brigade. 
Jan. 29, 17S1, the latter capturcil near Monk's 
Corner 40 British regulars. Col. J.\mes I'os- 
TiiLi., also a disting. partisan under Marion, 
d. near Coosawatchie, S.C, 16 Mar. 1824, a. 

Potter, Aloxzo, D.D. (II.U. 1846), 
LL.D. (L'n. Coll. 1846), l'rot.-Ep. bishop of 
Pa.,b. La Grange. Duchess Co.,N.Y., July 10, 
ISOO; d. San Francisco, July 4. 186."). "Un. 
Coll. 1818. His ancestors were among the ear- 
ly settlers of R.I. He became a tutor in Un. 
Coll. in 1819; and was prof, of mathematics 
and nat. philos. in 1821-6. Ord. deacon in 
April, 1821, and priest in Aug. 1824; elected 
pres. of Geneva Coll. in 1825, he declined the 
post ; rector of St. Paul's, Boston, from Aug. 
29, 1826, till Aug. 27, 1831 ; vice-prcs. and 
prof, of moral philos. in Un. Coll. 1831-43; 
conscc. bi.vhop of Pa. Sept. 23, 1843. He m. 
the only dau. of Presiilent Nott. Bishop Pot- 
ter was especially identified with the organi- 
zation of the hospital of the Prot.-F.p. Ch., 
and the establishment of the Divinity School 
of the church in Phila. He pub. " The Prin- 
ciples of Science applied to the Domestic and 
Mechanic Arts," 1841 ; "Political Economy," 
1841 ; "Hand-Book for Readers and Students," 
1847 ; " Discourses, Charges, Adilresses," &c., 
18JS; "Religious Philosophy," 1870; "Plan 
of Temperance Organization for Cities ; " and, 
with Geo. B. Emerson, " The School and 
Schoolmaster," 1844. He edited 6 vols, of 
Harper's " Family Library ; " Wilks's " Chris- 
tian Essays," 1829 ; Maria James's "Poems," 
1839 ; and 15 Lectures on the Evidences of 
Ciiristianity by clergymen of the Prot.-Ep. 
Church, 8vo, 1855. Between 1845 and 1853 
he delivered five courses of l/owell Inst, lec- 
tures on subjects connected with natural the- 
ology. 

Potter, Chandleii Eastman-, author, b. 
Concord, X.ll., Mar. 7, 1807 ; d. Flint, Mich., 
Aug. 4, 1863. Dartm. Coll. 1831. After 
teaching, practising law, and sen'ing one term 
in the State legisl., he in 1844 removed to Man- 
chester, when' he edited and pub. for 4 years 
the Manchester Dcnuxrut. He in 1852-3 edited 



the Farmer's ifonthhj Vhi'tor, and the Granite 
Farmir in 1854-5 ; was the author of a valua- 
ble history of Manrhestcr, and was well versed 
in the history of N.H. From ls48 to 1855 he 
was judgeof the Manchester Police Court. For 
?oine years he com. the famous Anioskeag 
Veterans. Many years an active member ot 
the N.H. Hist. Soc, and its pres. in 1 855-7. 
Author of a valuable military history of N.H. 
in the adj.-gen.'s reports for 1866 "and 1868, 
of two addresses upon the Penobscot Indians, 
and other addresses, and papers in periodi- 
cals. Contributed the arliclc upon the Penob- 
scot and other Eastern Indians to School- 
craft's " IILstory of the Indian-^," and partially 
prepaR>d a new edition of Belknap's N. H., 
with continuation to 1860. Co-editor of the 
H'eeK-li/ Mirror and the AJirror and Fiirmrr in 
1864-5. — 5ee. A'. E. ITist. and Gtneal. Beg., 
xxiii. 61. 

Potter, Elisha Retn-olbs, politician, b. 
S. Kingsto^vn, R.I., Nov. 5, 1 764 ; d. there Sept. 
26, 1835. In early life he was a soldier and a 
blacksmith's apprentice ; acquin^d some knowl- 
edge of law, which he practised with success 
until he was 40, when he entered political life. 
From 1793 until his death, he was a rep. to the 
Assemblv, with tlu' exception of 4 terms in 
Congress in 1796-7 and U 09-1 6, and in 1818, 
when a candidate for tlte olliee of gov. He was 
5 times speaker of the house. Few political 
men in Rhode Island ever acquired or main- 
tained a more commanding influence. He was 
always a forci'jle, and sometimes an eloquent 
speaker. 

Potter, Elisha Reynolds, b. S. Kings- 
town, R.I., 20 June, 1811. H.U. 1830. Com- 
missioner of public schools in R.I. 1849-54; 
some years member of the legisl. ; adj.-gen. 
1835-6; M. C. 1843-5. Author of "Early 
Hi>tory of Narracansett," 8vo, 1835; "Paper- 
Money of the Colony of R.I.,"8vo, 1837; "Ex- 
tension of SuH'rage in R.I.," 8vo, 1842 ; " Ad- 
dress bef. the R.I. Hist. Soc. Feb. 19, 1851 ;" 
"Reports on the R.I. Public Schools;" "The 
Bible and Praver in Public Schools," 8vo, 
1S54, &c. — Ii.r'.EdHratioiial Mw)., 8vo, 1852-4. 

Potter, H-tzAKD Aunold] M.D. (Bowd. 
Coll. 1835), physician and .'^urgeon, b. Potter 
township, Ontario Co., N.Y., Dec. 21,1811; d. 
Geneva, N.Y., 3 Dee. 1869. After practising 
in R.I. a few months, he returned to his na^ 
tive town; in 1S33 he removed to Geneva, 
N.Y., where hi' had a high n'jjiitation as a sur- 
geon and consulting j)liy>iei:ni. He performed 
successfully many cntical surgical operations, 
and was one of the first surgeons wuo called 
attention to the presence of art<'rial blood in 
the veins of the parts paralyzed by depressed 
fracture of the cervical vertebra;, which lie first 
obsened in 1837. In 1854 he successfully jxT- 
formed the operation of trephining the spine. 
He was one of the first to remove ovarian tu- 
mors, and introduced a new mode of ainpnta- 
tion at the hip-joint. During the civil war ha 
was a vol. surgeon. 

Potter, IlouATio, D.D. (Trin. Coll. 1838), 
LL.D. (Geneva, 1856), D.C.L. (Oxf. Ks60), 
Pr.-I'^p. bishop of N.Y., bro. of Alonzo, b. La 
Grange, Duchess Co., N.Y., Feb. 9, 1802. Un. 
Coll.l 826. Ord. deacon July, 1827 ; priest ifl 



r34 



I»0"W 



1828 ; nnd in 1828-33 was prof, of mathcniatr 
ics an>l nat. pliilos. in Wash. Coll., llartfurd. 
Whili; here, he was invited liv liLshop Moore 
to l>e<?onio his assistant in tbi.' Monumental 
Chnnh, Richmond, Va., tiut declined. In 1853 
he bo<ame rector of St. Peter's, Alliany, N.Y.; 
in IS^ST he was chostn nix's, of Trinity Coll., 
Hartford, hut di'clinod. Dr. Potior wa« chosen 
provis. liiibop of N.Y., and con.<a>c. Nov. 22, 
1854. By the death of Bi>hop B. T. Onder- 
donk, April 30, 1861, he became bishop of the 
diocese. 

Potter, Ret. Isaiah, first settled minister 
of Lebanon, N.H., from July 6, 1772, to hij d. 
2 July, 1U17; b. Plymouth, Ct., 1746. Y.C. 
1767. Studied theologj- with Ur. Smalley of 
Birlin, Ct., and was a ftUow.8tudent with Dr. 
Nathaniel Emmons. Ue in. Elizal*th, dau. of 
John Barrett of Xorftifiel J, Ms. lie pub. some 
occa.<ional sermons. 

Potter, Ge.v Robert B., lawyer and sol- 
dier, b. N.y. Son of Bishop P. of Pa., and 
grandsonof Pres. Nott. In 1861 ho was a suc- 
cessful lawyer in New York ; became maj. 51st 
Rcjrt., Shepard Rifles; led the assault at Ro- 
anoke Island ; was wounded at NewlxTn ; com. 
his regt. at Cedar Mountain, Manassas, Chantil- 
ly ; and at Antietam carried the famous "stone 
bridge," and was a?.'.in wounded. He served 
alsom the battle of Fredericksburg; niadebri;;.- 
een. 13 Mar. 1663; com. 2d div. 9th corps at 
Vicksbnrjr, and com. the corps against Long- 
Street in Tenn. and siege of Knoxville; com. 
his div. under Grant, and was conspicuous from 
the Wi'.ilemess to Petersburg ; and brev. maj.- 
gi'n. June, 1864, for gallantry in "several ac- 
tions since crossing the Rapidan." In the final 
as.sault on Petersburg, April 2, 1865, he was 
shot through the Ixjdy, but recoveri'd. 

Potts, Geobge, D.U.,a leading Presb. cler- 
prman and author, pastor of the Universitv- 
place Church, b. Pbila. ISOl ; d. N. Y. Citv, 
Sept. 15, 1864. TT. of Pa. 1819; Princeton 
Theol. Sem. 1822. Pastor of a church in Natch- 
ez., Mpi., 182-3-35; and of the Duane-st. Church, 
N.Y. City, from Mav, 1836, nniil the comple- 
tion of the edifice in University Place. He was 
brought prominently iM-fore the public in 1844 
by a controversy with Dr. Wainwright of the 
Epi-c. Church, pub. as "No Church without 
a Bishop." He also pub. a naniber of ser- 
mons, letters, addresses, &c. 

Potts, Jonathan, M.D. (Phila. Coll. 1771), 
b. Bri«tii|, Pa., 1747 ; d. 1781. He began pnic- 
ticc at Reading; was an active patriot ; was 
app. surgeon for Canada and Lake George, 
June, 1776; and app. direciorof tlicGcn. Hos- 
pital for the Nonberu Depl. Jan. 1777. — N.E. 
Grn. and I/isl. Iti-j. 1864. 

Potts, RicnARD, LL.D. (N.J. CoU. 1805), 
gov. of Md. 1781-1782, and U.S. senator from 
1792 to 1796. Member Old CoDgTcgs 1781-2. 

Potts, Stacy (.iAitiiNtn, b. Harrisibnrg, 
Pa.,Nov.'99;d. Trenton, N. J.. 9 April, 1865. 
Bro. of Win. S. Adin. to the bar in 1827; 
member of the legisl. 1828-9 ; clerk of the 
N.J. Court of Chnncerv 18.T1-J1 ; judge N.J. 
Sup. Ct. 1852-9. Authofof " Village Tales," 
12mo, 1827; "Prceedent.s and Notes of Practice 
in the N.J. Court of Chancer}-," 1841. Eililcd 
the Einiiorium In 1821, and contrib. to the PUiia. 



Monihl,/ ilaq. He left in MS. " The Christ of 
Revelation.'' He was in 1845 one of the com 
mission to revi>e and pub. the laws of N.J 
MA. of N.J. Coll. 1844. 

Potts, William Stephens, D D., minis- 
ter in 8l Louis, b. Norihumh. Co., Pa., 13 
Oft. 1802 ; d. 27 Mar. 1852. Prcs. of .Marion 
Coll. 18i5-9 ; pastor Isl Prcvb. Ch., St. Louis, 
1828-35 and 1839-52. He pub. a numlicr of 
sermons, addresses, &c. — S/irw/ue. 

Pouchot, M., engineer officer under Mont- 
calm in Canada, b. Grenoble, France, 1712; 
killed in Corsica, while rifonnoitring, 8 Mav, 
1769. Entercil the engrs. in 1733; served in 
Corsica, Flanders, and Germany ; defended 
Niagara and Fort Lewis. Author of " Me- 
moirs of the War of 1755-60 in N.A.," pub. in 
3 vols. 1781, translated and edited by F. B. 
Uoui;h, 2 vols. 4to,l866. 

Poulson, Zaciiakiaii, editor and pub- 
lisher, b. Phila. Sept. 5, 1761 ; d. there Julv 
31, 1844. He edited and pub. the Amer. [Mi'y 
AJiertiser, the first daily in the U.S., from Oct. 
1800 to Dec. 28, 1839. ' He had been for many 
years printer to the State senate. Pub. Poiit- 
ton's Town and Country Almanac from 1789 to 
1801 ; Proud's " History of Pa.," 1797-8 : and 
other valuable books. He was connected with 
many literary and l)enevolent so<ieties, and for 
nearly 59 years with the Library Company of 
Phila. — Sinif)son, 

Foussin, William Tell, major U. 8. 
topog. engineers, b. France. Accomp. Gen. 
Bernard to the U.S. after the downfall of Na- 
poleon. App. assistant to|)Og. engr. (rank of 
capl.) March 6, 1817; aidcKle-cnmp lo Gen. 
Bernard, topog. engr. (rank of major), Jan. 15, 
1829; resigned July 31, 18."i2. Author of 
" Travaux d'Ain^iwalions Intiiieurfu, Piojel€i 
ou Ex&ut6s par le (ioiir.-d'm. di$ £tats-lJnit 
d'Am€riquf, 1824 a 1831," 4to, 1834; " C'on- 
side'rattons sur ie Princifte l'€n>onaflque," &c., 
8vo, 1841 ; " i>r la Piiisuince Amiricaine." &c., 
2 vols, 8vo, 1843; also other works, and eon- 
tribs. to periodicals. He took an active part 
in the establishment of the French republic of 
1848. Envoy Kjxtra. and minister-plenipo. from 
France to the U.S. 1849. 

Powell, Charles Stcart, comedian, h. 
Eng. 1749; d. Halitax, N S.. 26 Ai)ril. 1811. 
He played at the Covent Garden, I.«ndon ; bad 
been manager of the Haymarket ; first app. in 
Boston, 13 Aug. 1792; opened the Boston 
Theatre as manager in Feb. 1794-6; and was 
some years manager of the Halifax Theatre. 

Powell, George, historical painter, h. 
N.Y. City, 1823. Among his works is "The 
Di-covery of the Missi«sij pi." 

Powell, Henry Watson, a British gen. ; 
d. Lyme, Kn^-., ,luly 14, 1814. App. a capt. in 
the 64th Foot, Sept. 1756, he served in the W. 
Indies in 1759, and in America in 1768; lieut.- 
col. 53d, Jidy, 1771 ; look part in Burgoyne's 
exped., with the rank of brig.-gen., 1777 ; and 
when the Americans evacuated Ticondcro::a, 
July 6, he whs left in com. of that post. Here 
he was attacked by a body of N. H. and Ct. 
miliiin, .Sept. 18, who were obliged lo retreat. 
He became a gen. in ihe army Jan. 1, 1801.— 
Unrrjrunie's Ord. Uixik. 

Powell, CuL. John Hare, agriculturist, 



PO'W 



735 



PO"W 



b. Phila. April, 1786; d. there June 14, 1856. 
His father Uolxrt Hare cnme from Englaml in 
1773 ; was a nicinbiT of tlie lirst State Const. 
Conv., anil was speaker of the State senate in 
1827. John was educated at I'hiia. Coll.; be- 
came a successful merchant; was sec. of lega- 
tion to \Vm. Pinkney in Lond. ; returned in 
Dec. 1811 ; was bri;;ade-iniijor to Gen. T. 
Cadwalladcr Sept. 1814; insp.-^en. (rank of 
col.) Dec. 1814 to June, ISl.'j. Turning his 
attention to agriculture, he contributed many 
valuable essays to the journals of that science ; 
was a founder of the Pa. Agric. Society, 1823; 
and was insjrunienlal in improving the breed 
of horned cattle and .sheep in the U.S. He was 
a good S])eaker and debater, and a patron of 
the tine arts. Author ot " Memoirs of the Pa. 
Agric. Sue.," and " llint^ for American Farm- 
ers." — Simpson. 

PoweU, l/AZARCS W.. politician, b. Hen- 
der.xjn Co., Kv., Get. 6, 1812; d. Hemlerson, 
Kv., Julv 3, 1867. St. Joseph's Coll., Banls- 
ton, 18.33; Transylv. Law School, 183."). Adm. 
to the bar in 183.3; ho was energetic both as a 
l.iwycr and a tanner. In 1836 be was elected 
to the Icgisl., of which he proved a useful mem- 
ber; was gov. of Ky. in 1851-5; and was U.S. 
senator in 1859-65. He was a clear and forci- 
ble reasoner, and an excellent working ineniher 
of the senate, but was not re-elected oti account 
of bis extreme anti-war views. 

Powell, Levix, lieut.-col. Revol. armv, b. 
Va., 1 738 ; d. Bedford, Pa., Aug. 1810. Mem- 
ber of the Va. conv. which ratified the U.S. 
Const. ; M.C. from Va. 1799-1801 ; served 
through the Revol. war in the Va. line, Cont. 
army. Resided in Loudon Co., Va. 

Powell, Levin- ^L, re:ir-adm. U.S.N., b. 
Va. ah. 1800. iMi.lshipm. Mar. 1,1817; lieut. 
Apr. 28, 1826 ; com. June 24, 1.843 ; capt. Sept. 
14, 1855; eommo. July 16, 1862; rearadm. 
June 8, 1870. Served as midshipman in the 
Mcdit., China Seas, and Gulf of Mexico, and 
W.'Indies, for the suppression of piracy ; com. 
several expeditions against the Seminoles, and 
wounded at the heail waters of the Jupiter 
River in Jan. 1837 ; com. two surveying ex- 
peditions in the Gulf of Mexico 1842-3 ; eora. 
sloopof-war " John Adams," coast of Afrii-a, 
1849-50; home squad. 1856; fiigate " Poto- 
mac," block, squad., 1861; lighthouse insp. 
18C3-6. 

Powell, SxELLiNO, comedian, bro. of 
Charles S., b. Carmathen, Wales, 1758 ; d. 
Boston, 8 Apr. 1821. Feb. 2, 1794, he made 
a sueces>ful dihitt at the Boston Theatre as 
Gustavui Vasa. He was a successful man- 
ager of that theatre. His wife, a popular ao- 
tre-s, a Miss Harrison, d. 26 Uec. 1843. 

Powell, William Di.nsmoor, chief jus- 
tife of Upper Canada, b. Boston, 1756; d. 
Toronto, fi Sept. 18.34. 

Powell, W. Byrd, M.D., physiologist, b. 
Rourbou Co., Kv., Jan. 8, 1799 ; d. Covington, 
Ky., Jlay 13, 1866. Transylv. U. 1820. Med. 
School, 1823. His father was a pioneer in the 
settlement of Ky. He interested himself spe- 
ci.illy in studying the physiology of the brain 
and the tcmperamenis. In 1835 he became 
prof, of chcmi-iry in the Med. Coll. of La. 
lu 1836 he dcmon>irated that the liuinaii tem- 



perament could be read from an examination 
of the cranium akme. He prosecuted this study 
for 3 years among the Trulian trilics, and was 
regarded by many of bi< friends as insane. He 
assisted in organizing the Memphis Institute 
in 1849, and occujiied the chair ol cerebral phy- 
siology and med. geology. In 1851 he removed 
to Covington, Ky. ; in 1S56 be look the chair 
of cereiual phys. in the Eclectic Med. Inst, of 
Cincinnati, and lectured there 2 or 3 years. 
In his " Natur.il Hist, of the Human Temper- 
aments," 1856, he announced his discovery of 
a measurement imlieating infallibly the vital 
force, and also the signs of vital teuaciiy. Ho 
was a frequent contrib. to scientific and" litera- 
ry periodicals; wrote, jointly with Dr. R. S. 
Newton, " The Eclectic Practice of Medicine," 
and an " Eclectic Treatise on Diseases of Chil- 
dren." — AppJeion. 

Power, Tyrone. Irish actorand author, 
b. Co. Waterford, Nov. 2, 1797; d. at sea, 
JIar. 1841. Another account states that he 
was b. in Swansea, Wales, and was a journey- 
man printer, changing his name from Thomas 
Powell after he went on the stage. His wid- 
owed mother having removed to Wales, Tyrone 
made his d^but in the Cardiff Theatre as Ro- 
meo. He played at provincial theatres till 
1818, when he retired; but in 1821 re-appeared 
on the London stage. His first decided success 
there was in 1824, in the part of Paddy 
O'Halloran ; and he thenceforth devoted him- 
self to the ticlineation of Irish characters, in 
which he was unrivalled. In 1833-5 and again 
in 1840-1, ho visited the U.S., where he was 
highly successful. He embarked lor Europe, 
Mar. 11, 1841, in the steamship " President," 
which was never heard of afterward. He pub. 
"Impressions of America," 2 vols. 8vo, 1835; 
"The King's Secret," a novel; "The Lost 
Heir," &c. 

Powers, Grant, n Cong, clergyman, b. 
Hollis, N.H., Mav 31, 1784; d. Goshen, Ct., 
Apr. 10, 1841. Dartm. Coll. 1810, He stud- 
ied theology ; was mini.-ter at Haverhill in 
1815-29, and at Goshen from Aug. 27. 1829, 
to bis death. Author of " Essay upon the In- 
fluence of the Imagination on the Nervous 
System, contributing to False Hopes in Reli- 
gion ;" a "History of the Coos Country," 
12mo, 1841 ; and " Centennial Address at Hol- 
lis," 8vo, 18.30. 

Powers, Hiram, sculptor, b. Woodstock, 
Vt., July 29,1805. He spent his youth on his 
father's farm ; emigrated with his family to O., 
and, on the death of his father, established him- 
self in Cincinnati, being successively employed 
in a reading-room, in a produce-store, and with 
a clockmaker. From a German seidptor be 
learned the art of modelling in planter, and 
for 7 years he directed the wax-work dept. of 
the museum at Cincinnati, but in 1835 went to 
Washington, where he was for some time prof- 
itably employed in modelling busts of disiing. 
men. With the assistance of Mr. N. Long- 
worth of Cincinnati, he was able to establish 
himself in Florence, where he has since resided. 
In 1838 he produced ,in ideal statue of Eve, 
pronounced by Thorwaldsen a work which any 
sculptor might be proud to claim as his master- 
piece; ia 1839 he finished his model of i\i\! 



FO'W 



736 



FRA. 



" Oreek Slave," his most popular work, of 
which he has made several duplicates in mar- 
ble. Anions his other well-known works arc 
the " Fislier-Boy ; " " II Penseroso ; " " I'roser- 
pinc,"a bust; "California;" "America," mod- 
elled for the Crystal Palaec at Sydenham. Kng. ; 
a bronze statue of Webster, now erected in 
the State-house prounds at Boston ; and por- 
tr:iit-slatucs of Washington and of Calhonn. 
The latter, his best work of the kind, alter be- 
ing shipwrecked on Long Island, was safely 
deposited in Charleston. Among his numer- 
ous busts are those of Adams, Jackson, Wel^ 
ster, Calhoun, Slarshall, Everett, and Van 
Burcn. Jlr. Powers is the inventor of a nscful 
process of modelling in plaster, which obviates 
the necessity of taking a clay inodi'l. 

Powhatan, emperor of the Indians in Va. 
when the Kiiglish made their first settlement 
in lf)07 ; d.'Apr. 1618. He was the most pow- 
erful of the Indian kings, swaying the sceptre 
over 30 nations numl)ering 8,000 souls. He 
was remarkable for vigor and energy, skilful in 
intrigiic,courageousin battle, and magnanimous 
in victory. He lived, for a savage, in great dig- 
nity and splendor; was always attended by a 
guard of 40 warriors, and watched by a sentry 
at night. He was hostile to the English, anil 
came near destroying them repeatedly; but, on 
the marriage of' his dau. Pocahontas to Mr. 
Rolfe, he became friendly, and remained at 
peace. His principal residence was Wcrowoeo- 
nioco, on York River, in the present county of 
Glimcestcr. 

Pownall, TnoMAS, LL.D., an English 
statr-man and writer, b. Lincoln, 1 722 ; d. 
Bath, Kng., 2,i Feb. 1805. U. of Caiub. 174.3. 
He Has made sec. to the eoramiss. for trade and 
plaiitaliuns in 174.'), and was in the commissa- 
riat of the army in Germany; in 1753 he came 
to Amer. as sec. to Sir D. Osborne, whom he 
sncceedeil as lieut.-gov. of N. J. in 1 7.")5 ; mem- 
ber of the Congress at Albany in 1754 ; gov. 
of Ms. 1757-00; gov. of S.C. 1760-1 ; and. re- 
turning to Eng., was made director-gcn. of the 
oHiec of control, with rank of col. Entering 
parliament in 1768, lie strenuously opposed the 
meitsurcsof the ministry with respect to Ameri- 
ca ; and his speeches, made iit various impor- 
tant crises, form an instructive comment upon 
the mistaken policy of the times. He retired 
from parliament in 1780. Foreseeing the dan- 
ger to Eng. of a union among the Colonies, 
when the Congress met nt Albany to devise 
the Ix'st means of defence against the French, 
he presented a powerful memorial to Lord 
Halifax upon the subject. As gov. of Ms. he 
did not give his confidence to Hutchinson, Oli- 
ver, and their party, which they resented by 
slandering bim to the i>eople and the clergy. 
He pub. in 1766 "The Administration of the 
Coloniis; "" Topog. Descri])tion of such Parts 
of X. Amcr. as are containe<l in the Annexed 
Map (that of L. Evans, corrected, and contin- 
ued to 1775) of the Middle Brili.sh Colonies," 
&c. ; besides a nuinlwr of works on urcha-olo- 
gy, nntiiiuities, and politics. 

Poydras, Jui.iex, philanthropist, first 
delegate to l'ongre.«s from the Terr, of Or- 
leans 1809-12; d. Point Conp(5e, La., June 25, 
1824. HegavcSlOO.O'Vi fnr the founding of 



the Female Orphan Asylum, and left $20,000 
for a college nt Point Coup(?e. 

Pratt, BcNJ.vMiN, lawyer and jurist, b. Co 
hassct, M^., Mar. 13, 1710; d. Jan. 5, 1763. 
H. U. 1737. Bred to a mechanical employ- 
ment bv his parents, who were |ioor, the loss of 
a limb m early life led bim to study ; and ho 
soon Ix-eame conspicuous among the lawyera 
of the day in learning and cloipienee. He woa 
a represi-ntative of Boston 1 757-9, anil was a 
zealous lover of freedom. The friendship of 
Gov. Pownall procurnl him the app. of chief 
justice of N.Y., which he did not long live to 
enjoy. He was n man of great resi'arch and 
leaniing, wrote some fugitive verses, and 
liad made extensive eolleetions in view of writ- 
ing a history of N. Eng., but died too soon to 
accompli-li it. His wife was the dau. of Judge 
Auchinuty. 

Pratt.' Enoch, pa.stor Cong, chnrrh, W. 
Banistable, Ms., 1807-35, b. Middleborough, 
Ms., 1781 ; d. Brewster, 2 Feb. I860. Brown 
U. 1803. Ord. Barnstable 28 Oct. 1807; re- 
signed 1837. Author of a " History of East- 
ham, Wellfieet, and Orleans, Ms.,"8vo, 1844. 

Pratt, LofiSA Kiitiiv ; d. Cincinnati, 2 
Oct. 1864. Author of a series of es.says in the 
Home Journal over the signature of " Bell 
Smith." Her Letters from Paris were pub. with 
the title " Bell Smith Abroail." 

Pratt, M vTTiii;w, an earlvportrait-jiaintcr 
ofPhila. (1734-1805). He studied 4 years in 
Loud, with West; ri'turncd to Phila. iii 1768; 
assisted Peale, his schoolmate, in establishing 
his museum; and painted many of the eminent 
men of his time, among others the prominent 
members of the convention whieli framed the 
Federal Constitution in 1787. — Twhrmnn. 

Pratt, I'HisEiiAS, an early settler of Wey- 
moulh, Ms., (L Chariestowii, Ms., 19 Apr. 
1680, a. 90. He came to N.E. in June, 1622, 
with Weston's colony, but, on its failure, ileil 
from the place in Feb. 1623, and reaelieil Plym- 
outh, 30 miles distant, pursued by Indians " in 
times of frost and snow, as a deer chased with 
wolves." In 1662 lie addressed a (Htiiion to 
the Gen. Court, aceonip. with a narrative of the 
first planting, which he calleil a " Declaration 
of the Affairs of the English People that first 
inhabited N. England." — .S<r ^^s. llUt, Colls. 
4, iv. 476; DraLf's Ilisloiy nfliostoii. ■ 

Pratt, T110M.VS O., iroi. of Md. 1844-8, 
b. Washington, n.C, 1805; d. Baltimore, Nov. 
9, 18G9. N.J. Coll. He was bad a lawyer; 
freqnentlv ser\-ed in the Md. senate ; was Cs. 
Bcnator fn 1851-7 ; delegate to the Chicago 
Convention 1864, and to the Phila. National 
Convention in 1867. 

Pratt, Zamock, an eminent citizen of N.T., 
b. Siepluntown, Hcnsselaer Co., N.Y., Oct. .30, 
1790; d. Bergen, N. J., 6 Apr. 1871. He betran 
life a poor boy, but by his industry gained n 
large fortune. In 1812 he liegan business as 
a saddler and harnessmakcr. Devoting his 
attention to tanning in 1817, he attained emi- 
nent success ; and his niinio will ever be asso- 
ciated with Pratisville, where he located a tan- 
nery in 1824. Elected to Congress in 1836, 
anil again in 1842, he labored suceessfully fur 
the public good. His career in Congre-s will 
be rememliercd for his etforis in bebalt of the 



FRA. 



737 



PRE 



reduction of postage, his pl;\n<! for the new 
ixist-olfice huilulngs, ami tlie Imreaii of statis- 
tics, wliicli owes its orii:iii to liim. Delesrate to 
llie Baltimore Convention of IS62 ; pros, of 
many societies and institutions, indmiin;; tlie 
Mechanics' Institute, N.Y. ; also col. of a rcgt., 
and member N.Y. legisl. His son. Gen. 
Ghorge, d.of a wound attlic battle of Manas- 
sas, a. .'32. 

Pratz, Le Page dv, French traveller, b. 
Holland^ d.l7r.T. Kntcrin; the French service, 
lie loiight in Germany, and, having obtained 
an interest in the French Western Land Co., 
left La Rochelle in May, 1718. to take posses- 
sion of lands ceded them near New Orleans. 
After some fruitless efforts at colonization, he 
ascended the Mpi. in 1720; settled with the 
Natchez Indians, by whom he was well re- 
ceived, but with whom he had a conflict in Dee. 
1723, and his ]iro]ierty was burned. Peace 
restored, he ex|)loreil the interior of the coun- 
try, visiting the region watered by the Missouri 
and the Arkansas, and, after 8 years of labor, 
returned to N. Orleans, where he was treasurer 
of the company until the ofGce was suppressed, 
when he returned to France ; anil 25 June, 
I7."!l, he landed at La Rochelle. He pub. his 
" History of Louisiana," giving an account of 
his adventures, 3 vols. 12mo, 1758, Paris, — a 
work ot remarkable exactness. — Hoefer, \oiiv. 
Biofj. Univ. 

Pray, Isaac Clark, editor, author, and 
dramatist, b. Boston. 1S13 ; d. N.Y. Nov. 28, 
1809. Amb. Coll, 18.33. Sou of a Boston mer- 
chant of the same name. Some time connected 
with the Journal of Cvmnifrcr, and afterward 
wrote for the Herald; was the author of " Vir- 
ginius," a play tirst brought out at the Acad. 
of Music, and was very successful as a theatrical 
manager. He trained many celebrities for the 
stage, among whom are Charlotte Cu>h man and 
Charles H. Eaton. He was in Eng. in 1846-7, 
and performed successfully at the Queen's 
Theatre, London, the Theatres Royal, Liver- 
pool and Cork, in the highest walks of the 
drama. Author of "Prose and Verse," I2nio, 
1835; "Poems," 1837, 12mo; "Book of the 
Drama," 8vo, 1851 ; "Memoirs of J. G. Ben- 
nett," 1855; and of several burlesques and 
plays. Edited the Shrine, a monthly, pub. at 
Amherst, 1831-3; Boston Pearl , weekly , 1834 ; 
also manv other magazines and reviews, and in 
1850-GO edited the Pliila. J'Snquirer. 

Pray, Job, member of the exec, council of 
Ga., ami a brave naval commander of the 
Ri'vol. ; d. Ga. 29 Apr. 1789, a. .50. Oct. 18, 
177fi. he wjs sent by the council of safety to 
tit. Thomas to procure arms and ammunition. 

Pray, Pubi.ils Rutilics R., lawyer and 
jurist; (I. Pearlington, Mpi., Jan. 11, 1840, a. 
45. At the time of his death he was one of 
the judges of the High Court of Errors and 
Appeals. He pub. " Revised Statutes of Mpi.," 
8vo, IS:!G. 

Preble, Edward, conmio. U.S.N. , son of 
Gen. Jedcdiah, b. Portland, Me., Aug. 15, 1761 ; 
d. there Aug. 25, 18U7. From childhood he 
discovered a iirin, resolute, and persevering 
tcm)>er, and a strong disposition for perils and 
adventures, which led him to make a voyage to 
Europe in a lettcr-of-marque in 1777. la 1779 
17 



he served as midshipman under Capt. John 
Foster Williams in " The Protector," and hav- 
ing been taken in the Peuob>cot expcil., under 
Capt. Saltonstall, was confined in the Jersey 
prison-ship, but obtained his relea-e nt N.Y. 
by the interest of Col. William Tyng. He 
next served as first lieut. of the sloop-uf-war 
" Winthrop," Capt. Little, and boarded an 
English armed brig of superior force, lying in 
Penobscot harbor, under circumstances wiiicl 
gave the action great &lal. He remained in 
this ship until Uec. 1782, and occupied him- 
self as shi|imaster until Feb. 9, 1798, when he 
was named one of the five lieuts. ap]>. by the 
govt., and in the fall and winter of that' year 
made two cruises as com. of the brig " Picker- 
ing." Capt. May 14, 1799, ho made in the 
frigate " Essex, ' of 36 guns, in 1800, a voy- 
age to the E. Indies for the protection of our 
trade. Near the end of the year, he arrived in 
N.Y. in feeble health, and ^o continued until 
May, 18U3, when he took com. of the frigate 
" Constitution ; " and in June took charge of 
the squad, sent against Tripoli. He set sail 
in Aug., and, arriving at his destination in 
Sept., ijrevcnted a war between the em]icror of 
Morocco and the U.S , and brought the bashaw 
of Tripoli to terms by a scries of skilful bom- 
bardments. Having been superseded by Bar- 
ron, Sept. 8, 1804, he obtained leave to return 
home. Congress voted him the thanks of the 
nation and an emblematical medal. — .See 
Prchk FiiiNilij li;i Capt. Geo. H. Preble, 1868. 

Preble, George He.\ry, capt. U.S N., 
b. Portland, Me., Feb. 25, 1816. Son of Capt. 
Enoch, and ne])bew of the preceding. Mid- 
shipm. Oct. 10, 1835; licut. Feb. 15,1848; 
com. July 16, 1862; capt. Jan. 29, 1867 ; served 
in the Seminole war 1841-2. During the Mexi- 
can war he was in the attack on Alvarado, 
Aug. 8 and Oit. 15,1846 ; Taiupieo, Laguna, 
Vera Cruz, Alvarado, Apr. 1847; attaeired to 
coast-survey 1847-51 ; in sloop " -Macedonian " 
in Oct. and Nov. 1854, in engagements with 
Chinese pirates; destroyed 3 piratical junks, 
July 10, 1855, and 2 on Ang. 27, 1855; com. 
steamer " Kaiahdin," W.G. block, squad., at the 
capture of N.Orleans ; and nt Vieksburg, Juno 
29, 1862; com. "Oneida," W.G. block, squad., 
1862 ; sloop " St. Louis," S.A. block, sijuad., 
186.3-5; with imval brigade served on shore 
in battle of Honey Hill, S.C, Nov. .30, 1864, 
and in 3 actions at Deveaux's Neck ( Dec. 6, 
7, and 9, 1864); com. steam*loop " Pcnsaco- 
la," N.P. squad., 1868-9. Author of a " Gene- 
alogy of the Preble Family," 8vo, 1868; " His- 
tory of the Amer. Flag,"'l872. 

Preble, Ges. Jedediah, b. Wells, Me., 
1707; d. Portland, Me., Mar. 11,1784. He 
settled in Portland ab. 1748, and began life as 
a mariner; cai)t. in Waldo's regt. 1746; was 
with Gen. Winslow as a lieul.-col. in Acadia 
in 1755 ; col. 13 Mar. 1758 ; brig.-gen. 12 Mar. 
1759 ; was 12 years a representative ; council- 
lor in 1773; made a brig.gen. by the Prov. 
Congress of M.s. 27 Oct. 1774; and afterward 
a maj.-gen., but declined on account of age. 
Member of the State senate in 1780, and judge 
of the C.C.P. in 1778. 

Preble, Wh.i.iam Pitt, LL.D. (Bo»d. 
Coll. 1829J, jurist, b. York, Me.i Nov. 27, 



PRE 



PRE 



1783; .]. r..n1nn.1, Me., Oct. II, 18.-)7. H.U. 
ISOIJ In 1813 he ivas npp. U.S. (list. -any., 
anil Incline a leader of tlic Oeriioc. piirty ; in 
1818 lie reinuved to Poril:iiiil, wliicli lie rcprc- 
eeiitei! in tlio Mo. Const. Coiiv., of wliicli lio 
«iis one of the most intliientiiil members. On 
llic inau^nnlion of the new Slate govt, in 
18iO he was app. a judge of the Snprcme 
Court ; in 1829 he was app. minister to the 
Netherlands, and aftcrwanl held many public 
stations. First pros, of the Atlantic anil St. 
Lawrence R:iiln)ad Co. in 184". 

Prentice, Gkorce Uesisos, poet and 
journalist, h. Preston, Ct., Dec. 18, 1802; il. 
Louisville, Ky., Jan. 22, ISTO. Brown U. 
1823. Sncli was his early ripcne.ss of intellect, 
lliiit he wiLs principal of a public school lieforc 
hunas 1.5. lie studied law, and was adm. to the 
liiir il 1829, hut did not enj;a;;e in practice; 
and iu 1828 became editor of the .V.i. W'lvUi/ 
Jievieii' nt Uiirtford, — a literary journal which 
he conducted two years. Removing to Louis- 
ville, Ky., he began in Nov. 1830 to edit the 
jMiisi-ilh Juiiniul, in which he won a high and 
wide-spread reputation for political ability and 
for wit and satire. Kor many years a leading 
fldviicate of the policy of tlicWhig ji.irty, it 
miiintjiiiied during the Rebellion, with great 
zeal and ability, the cau«e of the Union against 
the sceessicinists. Specimens of his verse are 
to be found in several eollcciions of American 
poetry; but ihey have never been githered into 
n volume A selection of his newspa|icr para- 
pniphs was pub. under the title of •' Preniicc- 
aiia " in 18G0. In 1831 he wrote n Life of 
Henry Clay. — Pwls unil Pwtniofihe West. 

Prentiss, Gtis. Benj.vmin il.wDERtiY, b. 

Belleville, Wood Co., V'a., Xuv. 23, 1819. In 
183.") he umo\ed to Mo.,"imd in 1841 to Quin- 
ty, III., where lie cnuaijcd in business. He was 
a capt. in the Mexican war. In ISGO he was 
nil unsuccessful Repub. candidate for Congress. 
Col. Tih III. Vols. Apr. 1861, and afterward 
brig.gcn. 3-months' troops, having com. at Cai- 
ro, III., — at that time a position of the utmost 
iin|iortance ; brig.-gcn. U.S. vols. May 17, 
1S61 ; in Aug. 1861 he was detailed to' the 
com. at Irontuii, Mo.; ami Di-c. 28 fought the 
battle of Mount Zion. routing a large iKHly of 
seces-ionists. He .served iu Mo. until April, 
1S62. when he joined Gen. Grant 3 days be- 
fore the battle of Sliiloh, at the licginning of 
which he was taken prisoner with most of his 
com. He was released in Oct., and in Dec. 
w.is a member of the court-mnrlial on Gen F. 
J. Porter. Made inaj.-gen. Nov. 29, 1862 ; ab. 
■luly 3, 1861, he deleated Gens. Holmes and 
Price, who attacked him at Helena, Ark. 

Prentiss, Cinni.i:9. editor and wit, b. 
Reading. .Ms., Oct. 8, 1774 ; d. Briintield, Ms., 
Oct. 20, 1820. HU. I79\ Son of Rev. Ca- 
Idi of Reading. Edite.1 iu 1795 the Itarnl lie- 
/Kj/'ory at lA.-oininster, Ms., and pub. there iu 
i737 "A Collcciion of Fui;iiive Essays in 
Prose nml Verse," and the PoUlical For'is, af- 
terward the IK(i.«//iii7.'i)« /•'.»/ ivi'iV, at Georgc- 
Cowii, the Aiiti-fhmocnit at B.iliiinoiv, anil a 
literary pa|>er, the Child of /'alius. In 1804 
he visited Kngland. In 18)9 he pub. the 
7'/i/V/c, a theatiieal paper of brief dnnition; 
afier 1810 ho reported ihe eon^ie^sioual pro- 



ceedings at Washington, and edited the f.,ile- 
ff mil nt Aiw limn ; in 1813 he pub. at Itruok- 
licld till- "Life of Gen. Eaton," " l.ifc and 
Writings of R. T. Paine," 8vo, 1812; in 1817- 
18 he edited the Viiqiniii Patriot at liichmonil. 
" A scholar, a pood writer, a judicious critic, 
he studied no profession, and relied fur sup- 
port entirely upon his pen." — iJiiyckinck. 

Prentiss, (iKonoE Aldricii, commodore 
U.S.N. , b. Keeiie, .NMI., 1801 ; ,1. „car Charles- 
ton, S.C., 8 Apr. 1868. Son of John Pix-ntiss, 
formerly editor of the N.II. Seniinel. Mid- 
sliipm. 'l Mar. 182.'); lieut. 9 Feb. I8.')7; coin. 
14 .Sept. 1845 ; comino. (retired list) 16 Julv, 
1801). 

Prentiss, Col. John Holmes, n promi- 
nent iJeiiiocraiic editor of X.V., b. 1785; d. 
Coopcistown, N.V.. 26 June. 1861. M C.I8a7- 
4 1 . Son of Dr. Sanincl. — Pr. miss I'limil;/. 

Prentiss, S.imdel, M.U., b. Sioningtun, 
Ct., 1759; d. Xorthlield, Ms., 1818. Son of 
Col. Samuel of the Kcvol. army. Studied 
with Dr. Philip Turner of Norwich; served in 
the ai my as an assist, surgeon , resideil some 
years in Worcester, and lor 20 years was on 
eminent physician and surgeon iu NoriliHeld. 
Ill 1810 he' resided at Bernunlsion. Ol bis 
sons, Samuel was a US seiiator and judge, 
John 11. a prominent olitor and |ioliiician, 
anil Win. of .Mihvaukic has lieen pre-, of the 
legisl. council of Wisconsin. — Williainit's Med. 
bio,. 

Prentiss, S.\mucl, LL.D., senator and ju- 
rist, son ol the preceding, b Stonington, Ct., 
Mar. 31, 1782; d. .Montpelier, Vt., Jan. 15, 
1857. tie studied law, and eomineiieed prac- 
tice in Moiit|K.lier in 1803, soon ae(|iiiring the 
reputiition ol a learnetl, eloi|ncnt. and uiirlghl 
lawyer, and becoming one ol the foreiuo-i men 
of the Vt. bar. In 1824-5 he npresi'iited 
Montpelier in the lcgi^l. ; in 1829 ho was elect- 
ed chief justice of the Supreme Court of Vt.; 
anil was U.S. senator in 1831-42. where he 
did much to effect the passage of a law against 
duelling in the Dist. of Col. ; U.S. di>t. judge 
from 1812 to his death. 

Prentiss, SEiiCE.ixT Smith, lawver and 
orator, b. Portland, Me., Sept. .-(O, l'80S ; d. 
Longwood, near Natchez. Mpi , Jiilv 1, 1830. 
Bowil. Coll. 1826. He went to Mpi' in 1827; 
was tutor a year or two in a private family 
near Natchez ; studied law ; and was adin. to 
the bar in 1829, when his first spoeeb lielor.- a 
jury is said to have lieen marked by that wit 
and eli>i|iiencc which never deserted him. He 
was law-|iartiierof Gen. Felix Huston. In 18-32 
he moved to VIcksburg, l>ecamc at once lead.T 
of the bar in that section of the State, ami, by 
paining a suit involving the most valuable p>>r- 
tion of the eiiy. gained a high rv'puiaiion a> a 
lawyer; while the ground wbiih he ri-ceive I as 
a fee made him one of the wealihiol men in 
the Stale. He w.ns elected to the State legisl. in 
18"<5. His speech in the U.S. house of repre- 
sentalives in 1837, which lasted 3 days, in which 
he claimed the seat held by Col. Claiborne (which 
claim was only rejeetetl by the casting-vote of 
the sjieaker, J. K. Polk), establi-lied hisrepnla- 
tiontisone of the ablest parliamentary debatirs 
in the eonniry. The candidate thus sent b;ick 
to the people canvassed the jState, and was by 



"39 



FUE 



an ovcnvholn.ins vote ren.rncd to tl,c house, 
. "^''J^. >>« d'^tin-. himself by his el<.(|iience 
Ills .h-taste (or political life led him to resume 
. ac ,ee at the close of his term, Emharrassed 
In he hnancial troubles of 18.i7, and dissatisfied 
«Mh the course of Jfpi. in repudiating her 
bonds he rem.-ved to Xew Orleans in 1845 
"here he led the bar until broken down by ill! 
ed.l 'Af V""' '''*"''!^/»''>i^ love and knowl- 
rifl,,,?. '"?'"«""■'=■ ""J ">"k part i„ many 
philaiuhropic movements iti that city — .SVe 

/^'a 2'™is:, fit liot '"'""'"' ^^"'^^ ^•■ 

fi i^'"??*^?^'' 'J'"0''^s, I).n., minister of Mcd- 
field Ms., from 1770 to his d. Feb. 28, I8I4, 
b. Iloliston, Oct. 27, 1747. II.U. 1766 He 
was a leader m temperance relbrm, and,estab- 
lisbed in M. a large public libr.irv. He pub 
a number of sermons. Some tirne a chaplain 
in tlie hcvol. armv. 

, .^l'?SCOtt, Benjamin, minister of Danvers 
1. 1.3-.1S, h Concoril, Ms.. 16 Sept. 1687 • d 
anvers, May 27, 1777. H.U. 1709. Son' of 
I .qt.. Jonathan Author ot " Examination of 
(er)a,n Remarks." 1735; "Letter to Joshua 
Oee. 1,4.3; "Letter to Whitcfield," 1745- 
Cousi.leration of the Unhappy Jlisun.kr- 
srandnig netivcen Parliament and the Colo- 
"'^ '■"<■ — I'rescod Memonul. 

Prescott, Oliver, M.D., physician and a 
Kcud. i,atr,ot, b. Groion, Ms., Apr. 27, 1731 ■ 
d. there Nov. 17, 1804. II.U. 1750. Son of 
Judge Benjamm who was grandson of John 
o( Lincolnshire Eng., who was an early settler 
of Lancaster, Ms. He practised medicine in 
his native town. Before the Uevol. he was 
successively major, lieut.K^ol., and col. in the 
imiitia. and early in 1776 was app. a brig.-gcn 
for the Co. ol Middlesex ; member of the board 
of war; was in 1777 elected a member of the 
supreme exec, council of the State, and served 
3 years; in 1778 he became 3d maj.-^en of 
btate miliiia; and in 17S1 second, but soon 
afler resigned ; judge of probate for Midrllcsex 
to. from 1,73 until his death. He was very 
iiifliicntial in suppressing the Shays Rebel- 
lion. In 1780 he became a fellow of the 
Acad ot Arts and Sciences. He was a trustee 
as well as a patron and benefactor, of Groton 
Acad. His son Oliver, .M.D., b. Groton Ms 
iriT *,'-io®-'„''- ^''^'''I'l'OPort, Sept. 26, 1827.' 
11. U. 1 , 83. He studied phvsic with his father 
and Or. James Lloyd of Boston ; was surgeoti 
ot the forces which suppressed the Shavs Insur- 
rection in 1787; and was often a leprcienrative 
to he Slate legisl. He was a founder, trustee 
and treasurer of the Groton Acad. Quittin'^ 
an extensive practice in Groton, he removed 
to Jscwburyport in 181 1, where he practised 
with success till his death. Ho contrib. some 
valuable articles to the N. E. Jonrmtl of Medi- 
cine u,,d Surgrrji, and pub. a "Dissertation on 
t he .Natural History and Medicinal Effects of 
the Secale Cornuium, or Ergot." — P,esco« 
JJi-mnrial. 

Prescott, Richard, a British lieut.-gen • 
d. Oct. 1788. App. major 33d Fuol, Dec. 20,' 
'••.,' ,*'">■• '"''-• lii^^u'-col. 50ih Foot, with 
which he served in Germany; brev col 7th 
1 oot, June 22, 1772 with wh'ich ho came to 
tunuda ID 1773. On the reduction of Montreal 



M- the Americans in 1775, Col. Prescott who 
liad the local rank of brig.-gen., attcu, e ,^ 
descend to (iuebec with ^1,; Eug '' ™ ': 
and military stores, but was obliged to surrcn! 
uer -Nov. 17. In Sept. following he was cx- 
chaugcd for Gen. Sullivan ; in N,!v. he beca n- 

col. o, his regt.; and in Dec. was third in eoi": 
of the expcd. sent against R.I., where he re 
mamed in com. of the British forces until 
again made prisoner July 10, 1777 bv the i 
venturous daring of Licut-Col. Barton. He was 
finally c.xch.iin-ed for Gen. Lee, and resumed 
his con. at R.I., continuing there till its evacu 
anon, Oct. 25, 1 779. Maj.-gen. Aug. 29, 1 777 ■ 
lieut-gen. Nov. 26, 1782. His treatme.rL of' 
Amer. prisoners was harsh and brutal 

Prescott, RouERT, a British .ren b I m 
cashire Eng. 1725; d. near Battlc'suss'ex, 

fo'.'t '^^' fr!'/'''"™-!.'" the exped. against Hoche- 
foit in I,D, against Louisburg in 1758- 
acted as aide-de-camp to Amherst in ir.w and 
afterwards joined the armv under Wolfe 
iMarch 22, 1,61, he was app. major 95tli Foot' 
which formed pan of the force sent under Monk' 
ton 10 redii-e .Martinico ; lieut.col. 2Sth Re -^ 

B.ook yn and ,n the several engagements in 
Wes Chester Co., and in the storming „f Fort 
W.ashington Ml Xov. ; in 1777 he was attached 
to the exped. against Phila. ; was app. col. by 
brev. Aug. 29, and was in the battle if' Brandf- 
wine; in 1778 he was app. 1st biig..gen in 
the exped. umlerGen. Grant against the French 
^^. Indies; col. Oct. 13, 1780 ; Oct 19 1781 
TKl"?- J''^>' ^' ''»9' he was app. Jol of 
the 28tli Regt., and lieut.-gen. Oct !•/ 179,3 • 
n-as or.lered to Barbadoes, which capi'tulated 
March 22, 1794. and of which, as wjll as of 
Guadaloupe, he was made civil gov. Jnlv !•> 
1.96, hcsiicceeded Lord Dorchester in the^ov? 
t 1 ■J?'',^',;""'^ >^'"^-'i he administered until 
July 31, 1799, when he was recalled in conse- 
quence of a rupture with the exec, council 
Uen. in the armv, Jan. I, 1798. 

Prescott, CoL. WiLi.iAM,'a disfin-. R^- 
vol olhcer, bro. of Oliver, b. Groton, .Ms oq 
Feb 1726; d. Oct. .3, 1795. A provinci'l 
liout. at the capture of Cape Breton in 1754 • 
capt. under Gen. VVin8lo\v in Nova Scoiii,' 
1 - Jb. He was ollered a comniis. in the rciilar 
army, which he declined. Inheriting .-i Tar"-e 
estate at Peppei-cll, he resided there tmtil the 
breaking-out of the war, filling y.irioas innni-' 
cipal ofhces. In 1774 he was app. to com. .i 
regt. of minut.-men, with which he marched 
(19 April, 17/5) to Lexington. The Briti-h 
ha^^ng reti-cated, he proceeded to Cambrid— 
where he enter d the prov. army. June \<i, 
1 ?/ J, he W.1S ordered to Charl /stown with 1 003 
men, and diivct. d to throw iii, works on Dun- 
kersHill. On .arriving at the ground, it v;« 
pcrc.-,v,.,l that the neighboring elevation, call' 1 
Ur.'cd s Hill, was n morj ,suit.ible starion ; ; nd 
on it the; d-lences, consisting of a rjdor.bt and 
1;''f •'«!";"''''•• ""^"^ "'^^"^ '•'•nng fho ni'ht. 
Ihe following day, a largo Briti.';h fore, und T 
Gen. Howe, attack, d, and (altera contest anion- 
the most memorable in American ,inn ils ail 
after sustaining a loss equal to the Ame;i an 
force engaged) succeeded in dislod in ' Li-.n. 



PRE 



r40 



r^w of Pra9cott'« mm had rrrr 5«cb aa actii>n: 
th<-T had bcm iaboria^ all n^t, aad «vf« IcA 
wiiiKWi aappbet of ammaiiiooo or i\:fr(^ 
m^oi, and, that fioigwd and ile~:i;-.',:.'. hji I to 
bear dK miili'ii aasaolts of a - 
a p fK >it«i < vetnaa amr. C>i 
one of tke la^t tt. Imrr ih.. 
wh«i b< found il no.>.>«irT tu 
Eariv in 17T7 hf rff>ii;n«l, «T>>i • 
ho! in th* aammu ot" ih ■ samf ^ 
XortlKm aimr untlor iWn. iia'ts ns a vol- 
un'i.vr. aod was piv»rnc at th« ca{inm? of 
B -_ . Mt' *aW>nn«iti_T aat in ibo M*. 
rJ vear*. 

UJAM. LL.D. (ll.r. IS34). 
<t, »k>n of the pTYwxlins. h- 
Fv- - >i- Aa-. 19. 1763: d. BoifSon. IV-c. 

,*. ivM. H.r. lT>a. He Unjhi *.-hooi first 
ai Brooklyn, Ot„ and tVn «t B-tvHr. >!<., 
whfrc. darin^r tno voars. h* «'*- < ■ ' ■ '- 
Mr. Vint, ibo distins. Un-rxr 
1 7*7-9. he on:ras**i i« JUvVcsslV, 
movin; :o Sil-.-''' ''■' -->•'■•- 
tiTV, «nJ »s sens 
IB 1<0S, tnd «c 
At on iho ben.- ^ 

Ms., which he d^v-iiud. Uv r 
ton in l!W-> : swrvi-d ior sonK- > 
the !:v^Tvmor's c\>ancil ; was \ 
Haniord Conr. in ISU: in l:?l<wii .;.;..-<. -•:' 
the C. C- P. lor Suflolk : and wji* in 1 SiO a 
di'!e;:sit(» to the Sta^- Const. Conr. M<-rahcr 
of the An»er. Acad, of Arts and Scicno.-s. 
Twv> of his sons snrrifisd hi-n, one of whoai 
was William II. Piwvott the historian. The 
othT^^. Ei>wARi> Gokdox (N. Salem. J«n. S. 
ISO*. U.C lSi5». was first a Uwrcr. but in 
l!'S7 settled as aa Ejjis. ckri^rnuin in X. J. ; 
d. ! ; A{>r. I SM. 

Presoott, WiuuAM Hicklj>-«, LX-D. 
(C-,1 C-il !?^V HI' l**.^: <>\<" r. «!vVii. 



with notes aad a t«'' 
worits ««f« tranaia: 
bh, Itatiaa, Genu 

Ui^ uwnrs AS xa h.- 



11 .' r. : !•- imi-d '■odi-, > 
and was in tbr hij;! 
and pcneruas man — ~ 
■or, 1S<4- 

Preston, Isoiac Tiixbls, jnrist. h. 
in 179'^ : iV Tti'r 5. 1*^?. :ti -on«.>-jTi tiv-- 
»«««f. ■ 
near 
law 

of l^ , 
sttk: 



' -lo- 
.^■*. 
;>op- 

and 

>tn»- 
rid. 
. .iv. 

. i: 

Va. 

of a 
r.iin, 

.'.ici 

-•al 

Nl-TT 



l^♦^. \V. :, - lo.. 

WUliam. .\ 19, 

l-;ii' : .-■ . -tie 

ihe 

.nr 

:.icS- 

Preston, Johx S,, Ofator aad po'iticiaii, 

htother of Williim C , h. iK-ar .\' i _-'vn Va^ 

Apr. SO. 1A>?. He was .np. 

Si»l Co'l. and the l" of \ -.rd 

$tnd».-d in the I .^iv < -^> .-' i he 

m. a dan >:"" "'' - ind 

was an act . tor 

manr Ti-ar- , he 

owiv\'. ' '. ■ '■ ia, 

S C . - it 

th» S. - i<\l 

lh« 



rtncd the crowniB^ cfibrt 



Preston, Tti -ma* S.. ■ 
R.C. Chiuvh. an '. chancv 

NY ' :■:.—■-'. t>. 


- \-ncS 
of 




>vc^ 




4; 


" 


I,rw 



au «<iiU>M> of Ko^asuoa • " Cii^:^ tiw 1 iii^" 



~ ..NVnjji«D.D.l> (r.ofGa.lS<»), 
l>r»K rlrrpraun. b. I'xbridar, 

"... .M. 17j5:d. »1. -..•-. V ».-,! 36, 

l>r\n»n U. lA'ib, ^ "csi- 

. h w rrars in Pro' <■»• 

■ the ministrr in I Jll a: ^ -^'t. ; 

l$16-a0 be iad chaf^ «i i^ cimKh in 



PRK 



741 



Richmond St., ProviiKiitv, R.I. ; w:is chosen 
pies, ol the U. of Vl. in 1S25 ; iviiioved to Ha. 
for the lieiii'tit of ii iniUK relimati' in lSL>!t, <itH- 
I'iiitin:,' in I'owelkon, Mnilisoii, iviid Milledj;i-- 
ville ; in 18;) 1 IwiMune piuitor of the I'lvsli. eh. in 
Suvnnnali, luul thiTe ivniaiued nniil his (U'ath. 

Preston, William, ffen. C.S.A., b. near 
Louisville, Ivy., Oet. 16, 18IC; d. 1S62. Canih. 
Law Sehojl,"ls;)ti. lie studied at the .Jesuits' 
Coll. at Bnrdstown, Kv., and at Ni'w Haven. 
Practised law at Louisville until Oet. 1847, 
when he bocauie lieut.-col. 4 th Ivy. Vols., and 
served tlirou;;h the Mexican war. Uesuiiiing 
his profession, he bceaine a ineiulier of the State 
Const. Conv. June II, 18.')0; of the State le- 
gish in 1850 and 1851 ; M.C. 1851-3; after- 
war Is attached himself to the Deinoc. party; 
wa9 a luomher of tlio conv. at Cincinnati in 
1836 which nominated Sir. Buchanan, who, 
Mar. 12, 1859, app. him cnvoy'-extr. to the court 
of Spain. Resijiiiinj; early in 1861, he ivturned 
to Ivy. to induce the State to seeeile; was chosen 
in Nov., hy a convi ntion held at HusM'llvilli', a 
comniiss. to visit Kiehiiuiiul, ami u<'j;oli:ite for 
the admission of Ivy. into the Couled. ; app. a 
bri).'.-;,i'ii. in the Con fed. army ; acted as a vol. 
aidi- on the stall' of his bi-o.-in-law (Jen. A. S. 
Johnston ; was present at Shiloh when Cien. 
Johnston received his death-wound ; and served 
under Bragg during liis invasion of Ivy. in Sept. 
1862. 

Preston, William Ballahd, statesman, 
b. V:i.; d. at his ivsidenee in Montgomery Co., 
Va., Nov. 14, J 862. M.C. in 1847-9 ; see. of 
the navy niuler Pres. Taylor 1849-50; and a 
senator in the Confed. Congress. 

Preston, William Campdkll, LL.D. 
( U.U. 1 -<4G ). stat.Muan, b. Phila. D.<-. 27, 1 794 ; 
d. Cohiml.i.i, S.C, May 22, 1860. U. of S.C. 
1812. His lirandliulKT Col. William com. a mi- 
litia regt., was wounded at Ouilford, and d. soon 
after 1783. Francis his father, M.C. 1793-7, 
d. May 26, 1835, a. 69. He studied law in the 
otlice of Win. Wirt at Richmond, an<l, while 
vi^icing Europe in 1816-19, attended the lec- 
tures of lIoi)e, Playfair, and Brown, at Kdinb. 
Adm. to the bar in 1820, he settled at Colum- 
bia, S.C, in 1822. mid ]inieiiseil sueeissfullv ; 
M.C. in 1824, he dialing. Iiiiu-elf by his .ailvo- 
cacv of free trade and State rights, and was a 
nullilication leader in the State legislatures of 
. 1828 and 1 830-2 ; U.S. senator 1834-42, where 
lie took higli rank us a debater. Pres. of the 
U. of S.C. 1845-51. He soon after established 
the Columbia Lyceum, wliieli he endowed with 
his library of 3,000 vols. His oratory was or- 
nate and fluent, his elocution graceful, and he 
was well versed in the Kugli^h clits>ies. Maj. 
Wm. and James P. Preston were his .sons. Ho 
pub. a Eulogy on Hugh S. Legare, 184.1 ; and 
spei'clies, adilresses, &e. 

PrevOSt, AriiisTiNB, a British mnj.-gen., 
b. Gemva; d. Beructt, Eng.,5 May, 1786. His 
nioiher was the dan. of Chevalier Grand. He 
was lieut.-col. in March, 1761 ; col. Aug. 29, 
1777 ; inaj.-gen. 27 Feb. 1779. As a capt. 60th 
Regt. ( Itoyal Anierican ), he served under Wolfe 
8t Quebec. He was highly disting. in the 
American war by his dilince of Savannah in 
Oct. 1779. He captun-d the fort at Suiibury, 
Go., in Dec. 1778; defeated Ucu. Ashe at Brier 



Cri'ek ill March, 1 779 ; and in May folloving 
attempted, unsuccessfully, to capture Charles- 
ton. 

Prevost, Sin Geohoe, a British lieut.- 
gen., >oii of the pnveding, b. New York, May 
19, 1767; d. Eng., Jan. 5, 1816. He entered 
the army young ; served with distinction at St. 
Vincent's and Doiiiiiiiea, and at St. Lucia; 
was created a bai-onet Nov. 20, 1805; maj.-gen. 
Jan. 1805; lieut.-gen. .lune, 1811 ; lieut.-gov. 
of Nova Scotia in 1 808 ; second in com. at 
the capture of Marliniiiue; and in .lune, 1811, 
suceeeiled Sir,Iaines Craig in thechiel <ivil and 
inilitarv com. of British N. Aiiuriea, which he 
held till his ivlurn to Eng. in 1814. His ser- 
vices in the defence of Canada against the ar- 
mies of tlu> U.S. in 18J2-14 were of great im- 
portanee, although he was defeated by Slacomb 
and Maedonough at Plaltsburg, 11 Sept. 1814. 

Price, Eli K., member of the Phila bar, 
b. Chester Co., Pa., 1 797. Author of " Me- 
moir of Phili[) and Kacliel Price" (his parents), 
1853; "Limiiations of Actions in Pa," Svo, 
1857; "The Farailv as an Element of Govern- 
ment," 1864.— .1/W<™.. 

Price, Riciiaui>, D.l). (Glasg. U. 1769), 
LL.D. (V.C. 1783), minister, and writer ou 
polities anil morals, b. ( llamorganshire, Wales, 
22 Feb. 1723; d. 10 Apr. 1791. Educated at 
Talgarth and at a Prcsb. acad. in Lond. Set- 
tled in 1758 over a ilissenting coug. at New- 
ington Given, of which he was many years 
pastor. He was an intrepid asserter of the 
rights of man; and in 1776 pub. "Observar 
tionson the Nature of Civil Liberty," &e., — the 
best ex[K>>ilion of the injurious policy pursuoil 
towards the Americans. It attained in two 
years a sa'e of 60,000. The common council 
of Lond. gave him the freeilom of the ciiy, and 
the Amcr. Congress afterward invited liim to 
beeoine a citizen of the U.S. In 1784 he pub. 
"ObsiTvationson the Importance of tin' Amer. 
Revol." From 17C't to ITsfi be contrib. many 
papii-s to the "Pliilos. Transaelions." F.K.S. 
1764. Of his many other works, that on the 
National Debt is regarded as one of the best 
upon political arithiiietie. Philanthropy Avas 
the leading characteristic both of his conduct 
and his writings. 

Price, Rodman M., gov. of N.J. 1854-7, 
b. Sussex Co., N. J., Nov. 5, 1816. He studied 
at N.J. Coll.; but illness prevented his gradu- 
ation. He then studied law; wivs app. purser 
in the navy in 1840; is said to have been the 
first ])erson to exercise judicial liiiictions under 
the American Hag on the Piu'itic coast lus al- 
calde; was made navy agent there in 1848; 
was M.C. from N.J. 1851-3; delegate^ to the 
Peace Congress, 1861. He caused the estab- 
lishment ill that State of a normal school, and 
fostered the State militia. — Laitinaii. 

Price, STi;iii.lN<i, maj.-gen. C. S. .\,, h. 
Prince Edward Co., Va., Sept. 1809; d. St. 
Louis. .Mo., 29 Sept. 1867. He settled as a fann- 
er iu Charlton Co., Mo., ill 1830. Gooil natural 
abilities, improved by study, soon made him 
known. He served in the Stale legisl. ; was 
M.C. 1845-7 ; col. of ,Mo. vol. cavalry in Mcx. 
war, 12 .Vug. 1846; brig-gen. 20 July. 1847; 
promoted and made military gov. of Cliibunhua 
for the capture of Taos ; com. and wounded al 



PRI 



r42 



PRl 



rna;iili». Now Mpx , S4 J«n. 1847; am) ix>m. in 
Uitlli- >-f Sania Cnii iK- K>>m!c« 16 Miir. 184S. 
(iuv. of Mil 185.1-7 arul ihinii:; ihi- " ln.rd.-r- 
riiltinn wnr" helwifii the Mis»i>Mri«ii< i>nil iho 
!>4-iilrr< i>f K:in>a!>: *n>l vrns tuitik i-uriiini<«. in 
l*lil, nml n I. :MKTi'f llw st-»v>siiin lurty ul Mo.; 
mailo pn-. of Iho Smir c»>iiv. 2S Kili" 1861. »s 
j;<-n -iii-illirf \\e soiiulit to eaki' .\|o. out of the 
L'nio!!. Ui-iiiii.' \n.-l<'vy Hen. Lvon, I'riov 
iiiitirTt'llcl uiih IUmi .M'-Ciillon^'h. who uiih- 
lirvw hi- liint— ; iiiiil the State «*« savotl to the 
Union. S.pl. SO ho oai>tiirv«l lA-xin;,Muii with 
.1,(>i»i |iriM>iiors. anil was thanko<l l>v ihc Con- 
l«l. (■on:r'»"s» Tr«n<hTr\il to tho »Tviiv of 
llio OihK'iI. SiHtrs in .Mir. 1862. with iho rank 
of in«j.-Ken. ; ho wm ono of iho loailon* in tho 
h.ittlo of Pia Kills*. .Mar. 6-8. 1862. wlioiv ho 
w.ts woumKii ; fou:;ht nt luka 20 Sopt.. ami ai 
roriiith Oct. 3-5; com. the nilvanii? of the 
arniv in Xortheni .Mpi. nmlor Ponilierton in 
|)ei\ ; was sulisequontly in ct>in. of the Oopi. 
of the Ark.; ami in Si-pt. 1864 invaiUM Mo., 
hnt. alter saining; s«>ino tom(ior«rT >m-c»'s,<. was 
ilriren fivin the 8iair, ami pursmnl with i;roui 
loss. .\| tho clt>se of the war ho went to Slox- 
ioo. wliorv he aotoil for a time on the l>ortnl of 
iinnii'.;rtition. I^nt relurnwi to Mo. in 1867. 

PrideaUX, John, l>rii;.-gvn.. h. IVvon- 
shirx', Knulan'l, 1718; a<-i-i>loniailv killoil in ihe 
trvnohes at tho sie-je of Niapira. Julv 19. 1759. 
Son of Sir John I'riiloaux. b;irt. App. capt. 
of tho M Foot Inianls. Fek 24, 1745; oil. 
55th Foot, Oct 28. 1758; and brig.-v'on May 
5, 175'.<; serr.tl aithc Ixittleof Deitinp'n. He 
was ininisiotl bv Wm. I'itl with the duty ol 
rwliioins: Fort Sin^ara. then one of the most 
tiirmi'l ilile in the iMuniry. lie olfeotovl a laml- 
injr. July 7. 1759, an>l al onre o|K>netl lire ujion 
the fori"; on the Uth he tieloatetl a >ortio. ami 
on t'o 19ih was husy in the tri'nches, when ho 
W.1S killisl ' y iho hurMin;; of a rorhoni. 

PridKOn, Willum. of BlaJon Co.. X.C, 
of rvmarkablo lon;.'oviiy ; it. (.K-t, 14. 1845. a. 
12:1. .VIthou::h c.xeiu|>t<il liy ace from military 
duly, he sorvotl a fnll torin in the Cvmt. army, 
and iKvanie cntiiletl to a jiensioii, « hioh he re- 
ceivivl durini; tho latter years of his life. He 
r\-taiiie<l the use of his liinhs and his (aeultii-s to 
the la-t, with the oxoeplion of his siirht. which 
lie lo-l a few years before his decease. 

Priest, Josi.m ; d. ab. 18.50 in Western 
X.Y. l*«b. '■ American Anti<]nities and Ois- 
roverios in the West," 8\-o. Allwny. 1841 ; 
•■ Slavery in the I.i:;hl ol Ilistorv and S-rip- 
luro," Ai-.. 1843; " Stories ol the'Kov>d.."\>ic., 
8>o. 1816 ; •■ View ot the .Millennium," 12mo. 
1828; '• Wonders of Xaluri-," &c., 1826. Ho 
was an uiietlucaled man, by trade a hames*- 
m iki-r 

Priestley, Joseph, I.L T)., philosopher, 
cluiiiist. aiMl thoolo^-ian, b. Fioldliead, York- 
shire. Kn:;land. 13 Mar. 1713; d. Northunil»r- 
lanil. I'a,. 6 Feb. 18<^ lie sindi.tl at a dis- 
wntiu:; acad. : pfvacheil in 175.*— 8 at Xeolham 
M.trkel ; al Xantwich, Clieshirv. in 1758-61, 
when he heniue tutor ol lan:;ua;;o* ana) U-IU-*- 
lottros in the »ei«. at Warrington, wliere be 
p«b. " The Soriptnrv lK»«trine ol l{omi^siv»n." 
in which he n-jtvts tho di>.^nia i>f tho .\t»»ne- 
roont ; and in 1767 a " lli«tory of Kleitricily." 
at the su;s;esUon of Dr. Franklin. This caused 



hi< election into the Rovnl Socictv, ami c«inri| 
him the di~,;rve of LL,.l). from l'^inbur,:h U. 
In 1767 he txH*iiiiio inmister to a lar'^^e con;;, at 
l<ee<ls, and maile imiKirtanl pneumatic di*cor- 
eries ; in 1772 he r»-ceivod the Coplov Medal 
for his " Ol>ser»ations on Dilforvni Kinds of 
Air " He disco»orvd the ctfivt of respiration 
on the blood, and the tendency of rej^'ialion to 
ivslore to vitiated air its vivifyiiix principle, 
lie also di>cuvoml nitrons pas. muriatic ma 
and oxytcn, which ho obuined in 1774 fn.iii 
rol pivcipitate of merx-urv. callin;; it " dephlo- 
^isiii-aie<t air." " As a pliysicisi and clK-mist," 
says Cuvior, •• his talonis wore of tho lirst 
order." His re9(*an-hes and writin;:s have con- 
tribnloil much to the prv»j;rv>s of tho sciences. 
Librarian and literary com)>anion of the Earl 
of Shelburno 1773-80, ho ac«-oiop. him in 1774 
in a tour ihrun^h Flanders. Holland, ainl tier- 
many. While at l.<oeds he pub. some iiietYa in 
favor of ci»il lilwrty. the chief of which was 
'■ .\n Address to Dissenters on the Subject of 
the Dirterences with America." written at the 
roi)uest of Drs. Franklin and Futher;;ill. In 
1780 ho settled at l)irmin;:hiiin as minisier of 
the princi^ml dissentin); cwni; , nitd incurred 
public odium by his lil>erel reli:;ioUs and irpub- 
lican sentiments; in July. 1791, his house wiia 
fired by a mob. who iuHicted ^reat dama^- on 
hia books, ap)uiraius. &c.. lie and his family 
cst-apinj; by Hi:;bt ; in April, 1794, ho sottli-j 
in Xorthnnilierland. IV, but was rxvitrtled 
with hostility by the anti-French fmrty. He 
dolivorv>l two i-ours«s of lectures ai I'liila. in 
1796-7 on "The Kvidoncxs ot Kcvolation," 
pub. in 2 vols., and dilendi-d So»iniani-m with 
ninth warmth in a controversy wiih Dr. l.inn 
of I'hila. Bi'sidcs the above-nameil works, he 
is tbo author of •■ Institutes of Natural and 
Rcvoaloti Keli;;i6n," 1772-4; " Kxi>erimonts 
and (_>liservations on .Vir. ' 5 vols. |774-#0; 
" Dolom-e of Sociuianism ; " " IlistorA- of the 
Corruptions of (."hri-iianity." 1782 ; " ('"amiliar 
Loiters to the Inhabiianis ol Binuini:liam." 
1790; "Reply to Burke's Reflections on tho 
Fn'nch Rovol.," 1791 ; " Disquisitions on Mat- 
ter and Spirit," 4c. Ifis publications excee\l 
70 volumes. — .Jiv C'vii's IJi't of Pnratlry, 
1805 : .t.</»'...;,ii/.Ai> .l/.»~vni. 1806; A'liUmt. 

Prime, Bk>j mix Y.h-xg. .M.D.. b. Huni- 
in.Mou, I..1. 2t> Dtv. 17.13; d 31 Oct. 1791. 
X.J. Coll. 17.M ; tutor tlien- 1756-7. I)e- 
scendeil from James, a first settler of .Milfonl, 
Cl. Son of KI>enoier. minister of II. 1719-79. 
He took his medical lU-^n-e at l^yilen ; soitU-U 
in the practit-e of moilicine in Xew Yiirk in 
1764; subso<]ucntly wrv>lc essa\s in Hel>r>"w, 
(!revk. I^iin, French, and S|unish, and many 
Revol. sonys and ballads, which rinulali'j 
widely durini: the war. Author of "The l"*- 
triot Miisc." poems, 8vo, I.<>nd. 1764 ; " Colun>- 
bia's Glorv." a |K>em on the American Kcvul., 
1791 ; anj " MuM-ifmia CamiSiyomacJiia" \$39. 

Prime, NvTn»siKi Scrt>Pi:R, D.D (X.J. 
Coll, 1848), I'resb. clen;vman, b. Himtin;;ii)n, 
L 1 , Apr.21,1785; d. .Mamaroneik, X Y., .Mar 
27, 18-S6. X J. Coll. 1804. From his irrand- 
faihor. Rev, Kbem-ier. and from his father. Dr, 
Benjamin Youui:, he inherile<i a ta«te for let- 
ters, which be cultivated assiduously, and mxa- 



74S 



TRI 



mitioii to liis cliilJren. Or.I. Oct. 24, 1809,nnJ 
•ilHci.itcd for several years «t Sa^ llarliur, 
l-'re«li)ioml, anil Smiiliiown ; ami July 14, 
I8i;i. liii-anie pastor of llie rliurch in Cam- 
hriilu-e, Wa^hinL'Ion Co., N. Y., where lie re- 
mained until 1830 ; tlie last three M-ars of this 
time he was principal of a literary iii>iilalion. 
In IS.iO he took charge of the Mouiu-l'leasant 
Acad., Sin;r Sinj;; and in IS:!.') I'stahlishe.l a 
female seminary in Ncwhurs;. N. Y., snlisc- 
qu-ntly teacliin;; and preaftiin^ in various 
places, lie was an ahle preache: and u suc- 
ees.slul instructor. lie wrote for ,he press a 
Treaii>o on Baptism ; and " The History of 
Loti^r Miind." liino, \Sin. — Sjinifiiie. 

Prime, 8amukl Ihknxus, D.D. (Ilamp. 
Sidiiiv (.'oil.), clorjrvman, son of Kcv. X. S. 
I'riiuJ, h. Ballston,' N. York, Nov. 4, \H2. 
Wnis. Coll. 1829 After studying at rrince- 
ton TIkoI. Sera., ho entered the Presb. minis- 
try Coni])cllcil liy ill-health in 1840 to relin- 
quish the active duties of his profession, ho be- 
came cilitor of the N. V. O'sn-rfv, news)ia]icr, 
the cliirf or^an of his denomination, and one of 
the leading' ivli^ions periodicals in the country. 
Author of " Travels in Eurojie and the I'ast," 
£ vols. 1S.')5; a work on Switzerland, the re- 
sult of an extensive journey in I85.'i ; " Life in 
New York," 184.5; "Annals of the Kn^lish 
Bible," 8vo, 1S49; and of several reli;,'ious 
works, including " Thoughts on the Death of 
Little Children;" "The Power of Prayer," — 
the latter a sketch of the Fulton-st. ( New York ) 
prayer-meeting, has been repnb. in .several Imi- 
ropcan langnai^cs ; " The Bible in the Levant," 
&e., 1SJ9; "Memoirs of Rev. Nicholas Mur- 
rav," 1862; and "Five Years of Prayer, wiili 
the Answers," ISG4. — See Notice iit'jjarpcr's 
We-l.-hi. Sept. 25, 1858. 

Prime, Willum Cowper, author, bro. 
of S. I., b. Caiubridgc, N.Y., Oct. .'M, 1825. 
N. J. Coll. 184.3. Becoming a member of the 
New- York bar, he has since been also engaged 
in literary pursuits. He has pub ." The Owl- 
Creek Letters," originally contributed to the 
N. Y. Jour, of Commerce: " The Old House 
by the Kivcr," 1853; and " Later Years," 
1854. In 1855-6 he travelled extensively in 
the East and elsewhere, and pub. on his return 
" Boat-Life in Egypt and Nubia," 1857 ; and 
"Tent-Life in the Holy Land," 1857. He has 
since |)aid much attention to numismatics and 
Egyptian antifiuities ; and in 1 860 edited a 
work entitled " Coins, Medals, and Seals," 4to. 
In 18G5 he pub., with notes, the old hymn, 
" O .Mother Dear, Jerusalem ! " " Passio Cliris- 
ti " of Albert Purer, 1868. Contrib. to the New 
Am'-r. Cyclop, aiul to periodicals. 

Prince, Hi;xrv, brev. brig.-gen. U S.A., 
b. Eastjiort, Me., Jan. 19, 1811. West Point, 
1835. Entering the 4th Inf, he hwame 1st 
lieut. 18.38; won two brevets for galhintrv at 
Contreras, Churubusco, and Moliuo del l\ey, 
where he was severely wound<'d ; made capt. 
Sept. 26, 1847; paymaster (rank of major). 
May 23, 1855; and brig.-gen. vols. April 28, 
1862 Assigned to the Army of Va. umltr 
Gen. Po|H', he was taken prisoner at the battle 
of Cedar Mounlnin, Aug. 9, 1862 ; was released 
on parole in Sept. ; served in N. C. Jan.-Junc, 
1863; in the KapiUan campaign, Oct.-Dec 



1 863 ; in Mine-I?nn operations Nov.-Dec. 1 863 ; 
in com. of Dist. Col-.imbus, Kv., Apr.-Ang. 
1864; brev. lieut.-col. 9 Aug. 1862, lor Cedar 
Mountain ; ami bn'g.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1805. 
— Cnlliim. 

Prince, John, LL.D. (B. U. 1795), a 
Cong, clergyiuan, eniiiicnt for liis seientilic ac- 
quirements, b. l'nston,Julv II, 1751; d. Sa- 
lem, June 7, 18.!6. II. C. 1776. Ord. at 
Salem in 1779, and ] astor of the First Church 
there nearly 58 year.s. He es|)eeially dieting, 
himself for his improvements in the air-pump; 
and the one which he made as early as 1784 
gave him a reputation throughout the seien- 
tilic wori<l. He pub. sermons. A Mciucir by 
C. \V. Upham is in " Ms. Hist. Colls.," 3d ser., 
V. 5. . 

Prince, John Ciiarli;s, B.C. bi^hop of 
St. Hyacinth, C. E. Con.see. lji>hop of Mar- 
tyro] olis, and co-adjutor (;f Montreal, Ju'y 25, 
1845 ; transf. to St. H. June 8, 1852; d.JIay 
5, 1860 

Prince, N.vth.vn, scliolar, b. Sandwich, 
Ms., 30 Nov. I6U8; d. mini.^ter of Kimtan, 
B.1V of Honduras, July 25, 1748, a. SO. H.U. 
1 7 fa. Bro. of Kev. Tlionuis. 'J'utor of H. U. 
1723; fellow in 1737, but was removed in 1742. 
He afterwards pub. an account of the consti- 
tution and govt, of Harv. Coll., from its founda- 
tion in 1636 to 1742; and an essay to solve the 
diljculties attending the accounts of the resur- 
rection, 17.34. He became an Ej'iscopalian, 
and ranked among the great scholars of his 
time. — Men. 

Prince, Oi.ivi:n II., U. S. senator from 
Ga. l;'28-9 ; lost Oct. 9, 1837, in the steamboat 
" Home," near Ocraeoekc. lie pub. "Digest 
of the Laws of Ga.," &c., to Dec. 1820, 2d cd. 
8vo, 1837. 

Prince, or Prence, Thom.vs, gov. of 

Plym. Col., b. Eng. ICOl : d. I'lym., M.s., Mar. 
29', 1673. He arrived in I'h inoutli in 1621 ; w'us 
gov. in 1634, 16.38, and fro'in lli.'7 to 1673, and 
was an assi.st. in 16.'!5-7 and in 1639-57. He 
lived at Nauset, or Easthani, of whicli he was 
one of the llrst settlers in 1044, until Rclio.son 
governor; and in 1663 he removed to Piym- 
ontli. He was a man of eminent worth and 
piety, and an impartial nuigistrate. Strict in 
liis religions opinions, he zealously o])posed 
those whom he believed to be heretics, ])ariieu- 
larly the Quakei-s. He was a frieiul of learn- 
ing, and, in o|)])osition to the clamors of the ig- 
norant, jirocmed reveiuies for the support of 
granimar-scliools in the Colony. 

Prince, Thomas, luinister and chronolo- 
pist, h. Sandwich, Ms., Mav 15, 16S7; d. 
Boston, Oct. 22, 1758. II. C.' 1707. S..n of 
Samuel of Sandwich, ami grandson of Elder 
John of Hull, who came 10 N.E. in 1633. Hn 
went to F.ii;;. Apr. 1, 1709, and [.reach, d 
some time at Combe, in Sutliilk ; but, being 
stronglv attaehi'd to bis native land, relurneil 
to Boston, Julv 20, 1717, and was ord. ov. r 
the Old South Church. Oct. 1, 1718, as col- 
league of Dr. Sewall. He was eminent as a 
preacher, linguist, and man of learning. Mr. 
I'rinee began in 1703, and continneil more than 
50 years, a. colleciion of public and private pa- 
pers relatin;; to the civil and religious history 
of N.E. This he pub. in the lorni of annuls. 



PR! 



744 



PRY 



12mo 1 736, ami S numhcrs of iho fc«)ni1 pnrt 
in 1756, but sncm so much time u|>on ilio in- 
lixxliicliirv c|iitonic, lic^innini; «i Ihc rrrnlion, 
thiii hv bmn^lil his hi<lor>' onlv iluwn i» IC:).'). 
Ills cullcciion of XISS. wtis iio|'0«itod in the 
Olil 8oiilh Chunh, and wan panly ilfslrovcd 
liy ihv Bntis'h, who ocrupini thni buililinj; in 
1775-6 ; miinj- iin)H>riuni lucis n-l«iinp lo iho 
hi^lo^_v ol iho ixumry Uin!: thus irrcoovcrn- 
h\\ loM. lliii I'ooks nnil MS8. now form (uirt 
ot tlic I'lib. Libnirv of iho city of Uo>ton. Bo- 
►iilcs n crciit nuinl>or of sermons, he nub. an 
" Iniroihuiion ami Xotos lu Mason's ilialorv 
ot ilif l'«|nol War," 1736; various biu);ni|>bi- 
oil niid oilier p-ipers in ihe CliristioH llit- 
foiy, 1743— (; "An IinprxirrnK'nt on ihc 
Doctrine of K:iriln|ual>o»," &e., I7.">5; "Life 
of Noheiiiiah Wiilior, ap|H-nd«i to his Sor- 
mons," 1755; Notes and Apin-ndix to " Wil- 
liiims's Koilocmod Citpiivo," 1757; "The 
Psalms, &c , with Uisioiioal I'rel'iu-c and 
Xoii'S," ilhS; si-vonil lives in" Ma>liew"s In- 
diiiii Converts," 1727 ; mid an anoniit of the 
first appearance of tlio Aiiront Uorcalis. 

Prince, Thomas, son of the prectxlinir, h. 
Boston, Icb. 'Jl. 17i2; d. (Vt. 1748. H.U. 
1740. lie «lite<l the earliest American peri- 
odicnl, the Christian UnJoiy. containing ac- 
counts ot the n-vival and propa^'atioii of re- 
li^zion in fJrcnt Britain and Aniorioa for 1743, 
2 voN. fvo. put., weekly, 1744-6 

Pring, DvNiKi. comiiio<iore R.X.; d. Port 
IJoyal, Jamaica, Nov. 29, 1S47. He early 
eni'creti the navy ; »a-< a inidsliipm. at the at- 
tack on CopeiTlia;;eii in ISOl ; was made a 
lieut. in 1S07; coin, the schooner " Pni " on 
the Halifax station inlSI2: was tninslerred 
to service on Lake Ontario in ISI.'l, and pro- 
moted to etiminandor; and in K-^M was apji. to 
com. '■ The l.innct." a brij; of 16 puns, in ttic 
squad, of Com. Oownie on I-akc Champlaiii. 
Ill the eelcbiantl en)n«!remenl with the lleet of 
Macdoiiou;:li, he sustained a scverv conflict 
with "The F.ssle" (of 20 puns), but wnsevcnt- 
nally compelled to strike. In tS15 lie was 
proiiiouni to posiH-aptain. ami early in tS46 to 
coniniiKlon-. — MotVa'i's CtUhnitf<i ComidiKus. 

Proctor, Hksrt, a British lient.-pen., 
b. of an ancient family in Wales. 1765; d. Liv- 
erjiool, Knp..l822. Hejnineil thcarmy as lieut. 
4."»il Fool, IVc. 1781 ; bi-cmuc maj. .\l«y, 1795 ; 
lieut.-col 41st, t)ct. 1800; col. .Inly, 1810; 
maj.-pen. Juno, 181.1 ; and, on the hrvakinp-oul 
of the war of 1812. came to Canada in com. 
of the 41st Kept. He was despatched to Am- 
herstbnri; by Gen. Bnxk to prevent the land- 
iiip of Hull! « ho.se forces he repuls«Hi from 
that pbu-e. and defi aii-d at Bn>wn<ion, and 
pained a brilliant victory over Winchester on 
the Kiver ltai>in. for which he wiw promoted 
»o the rank of briii.-iren. In May, 1813, he 
was def atcd at Fori Meips by Gen. Harrison ; 
Aul'. 2, he was sipnally defi-ated by Major 
Cr»>shan ill defence of Fort Stephenson. Ixiwcr 
Sandusky; and (Vl. 5, 1813, was totally ile- 
feated at the liaitle of the Thames by lrt?n. 
Harrison. Ho was altenranl trio«l by evairt- 
martial, and >us|H>nde<l frvim rank and pay for 
6 moiiihs. He com. apain diirinp the war, 
and rose to the rank of licut.-gcn. — Mutyait't 
C'rMmWxi CttMatiioMS. 



Proctor, Gr..H. Thomas. Revol. officer, b. 
Ireland, 1739; d. Pliila. 16 Mar. 1806. Col. 
of Pa. an. thronph ilie Revol.; disiinp. at 
Brandynine, and in 8ulli>an's exiH'd. apainsl 
the Indians. He was a carjicnler by trade. 

Proud, KonEiiT, historian, b. Yorkshire, 
Enp.. May 10. 1728; d. Phila. Julv 7, 1S13. 
Arriviiip in Phila. in Jan. 17.^9, )ie tanphi 
Greek and I.jiiin in a (juaker aiad. unlil the 
lievol. Firm in his atlacbmcni to the crown, 
he believed that the licvul. wouM cause the 
di'clinc of virtue and pro-|K'ritv in America. 
He pull, in 1797-8 a taluable liislory of Pa. 
(1681-1742), bv which be was petuniarilv • 
loser. — 5rt Svtice cf kit Life in Pii. Ilisl. 
S^. Mrmoln, bg C. ir. 'fUompim, vol. i. 8vo, 
1826. 

PrOUdfit, Al.r.XANDER >IoNCIIIEr, O.D. 
(Wills t'.i.l. IS12). Picsb clorpvman, b. 
IV.pioa. Pa . 1T70; d. New Briinswi.k, N. J., 
Apr. 17, 1843. Col. Coll. 1792. He was in 
1794-1835 pastor of the lief. Pirsb. Churrh, 
Salem, N.\.; ami was 9ul>s<'i|mntly the apr'nt 
of the Aiuer. Colonixation Society. He pub. 
" Uuin and Itecoverv of Man," 12nio, 1806; 
"Thcdopical Works," 4 vols. 12mo, 1815; 
a work on the Parables, 12ino, 1820; and ser- 
mons. A Memoir by John Forsyth, I).I>., 
was pub. in 12mo, N.V. 

PrOVOOSt, SAXiti^D.n. (I'.of Pa. 1786). 
ProL-tp. bisiiop of N. v., b. New York, 
Marvh It. 1742; d. there Sept. 6. 1815. Col. 
Coll. 1758. (>f HuLMiinot descent; son of 
John, a merchant of Now York. Kdiieaiid nl 
Cambridpe. I"np., where he praduated. He l>c- 
came an Kpisi-oiwlian ; was adin. to orders in 
1766: niarrieil at Cambridpe; rvturnetl lo 
New York, and Ixcaine an a.v>isl. at Trinity 
I'hnn-h. Dec. 1766. Bcini; n warm advocate 
of the Anur. Uevol , ho resipnwl hi» cliar,;e in 
1770; reiiri-d to a "mall larin in Duchess Co., 
and refused all preferment, alihc.nph prop<isnl 
as a dileuate lo the Prov. Conpress in 1775; 
inv!te<l in 1777 to iKvome chaplain to ihe con- 
vention which formed the tirsi ivnsl. of NY.; 
and olTvnil the same year the rectorship of St. 
Mieliacrs Church at Charleston, and in 178S 
ot Kinir's Chapel. Boston. In I7S3, when 
New York was evacuates) by the British iruops, 
he left his retirement for the rvctonhip of 
Trinity Church ; and at the first pen eonv. of 
the church in 1786 was electi-d l>ish«p ; pn>- 
ceediM to Enp. with Bishop \Vhito of P.i. tor 
cons»-eraiion ; and was adm. 4 Feb., 1787, to 
the holy orvler of bistH>|>s at I.jiml>cih, retum- 
iup to New York, April 8, 1787. He was 
chaplain to the Com. I onpress in 1785, and to 
the r S svnaic in 1789. Itven-oiue by domes- 
tic liervavementsand atUictions, he rrsigniil his 
nvtor^hip of Trinity Church in 1800, and his 
bishopric in Sept. I SOI. 

Pryor, 1!<>oer A., b. Dinw-iddie Co., Va., 
July 'l9, 1.S28. Hainp. Sid. Coll. 1845. His 
father was a prominent clerpyuian. Ue stud- 
io»l law ; and in 1850 ediiixl the Scitt,tiJe 
/Viao-ni/ a; Peiersbnrp. V«. In 1852-3 he was 
on the stall' of the Cniim, newspaper, at Wa»h- 
incton; in ls54 he w.Asconimiss. to Greeer-; in 
18&5 rvvsiinuHt hia mliiorial I'liOi lions at Peicrs- 
burp ; al'ti rward e>liti\l the .S<»iM at Kichmond, 
and the ,S(<i(t>, an adrocatc of extreme South- 



PUO- 



745 



PUR 



era views, at Wn8hm<;ton. Elocti>d to Con- 
gress in 1859, he was noted as ii velienient nilvo- 
catn ot sceessicii, mid lor l\U chulleii^jc of Julin 
F. Potter ol' Wiscoiisiu. On lliu apjiroaeli of 
the eivil war, Jlr. I'ryor vohinteereil as an aide- 
dc-oamp to (ien. Boaiireaard durin;^ tlio reduc- 
tion of Fort Sumter, lie held the rank of 
liri;,'.-^'en., ami led a division in the hattles he- 
fore Hiehmond; n 9if;ned Auf;. 26, 1 8(>.'i. Mem- 
b rof ill • ("onleil. Coii^Tiss. CiHitured in Nov. 
ISCt, and for a short lime imprisoned in Fort 
Lafayiite. Iltus siiiee Ineii an editor in Tenn. 

Pilgb, Ki,i,is, QiiakiT preaeher, li. I)ol;;cl- 
ly, Merioiietli Co., Wales, .June, 1G5G; d. Uet. 
10, 1718. lie liej^an lo jireaih ul). 1680, and 
in I6S7 settled iit (iwyiiedd, I'a. He revisited 
his naiive place in 171)0-8. Author of a trea- 
tise ealled " A Salutation to the Hritains," 
written in Welsh. — Cullcctioii u/' QiiaLcr Memo- 
ritils. 

Pugh, George Ellis, lawyer and senator, 
h. Ciiuinnaii, 0., Nov. ^8, 1822. Miami U. 
1840. In 1847 he \yas capt.iii the 4th Ue;,'t. 0. 
Vols, in the Mexican war; rejiresentative in 
the le-jisl. in 184S and '49; cily solicitor of 
Cineiniiati in 1850; a tty. -sen. of the State in 
1851 ; and was U.S. senator in 1855-61. 

Pulaski, CoLNT C.vsiMiH, a Polish pa- 
triot, and a Kri;;.-sen. in the Uevol. army, b. 
Lithuania, Poland, Manh 4, 1748; d. Oct. 11, 
1 779. Sun of the jiatriotie Count Pulaski, who 
formed 1 he confederation of Bar in 1768. lie 
w;is eilucated for the law, hut had seen some 
military .sen-ice under Duke Charles of Cour- 
land, when, at the a^e of 21, he joined his fa- 
ther in the slrnjr^jlc for lilierty against King 
Stanislaus in 1769. The old count was taken 
prisoner, and perished in aduiigeon. His son, 
elected com.-in-chief in 1770, prolon;,'cd the 
contest, hutwiihinsuttieient forces. In 1771, he, 
with 39 others, entered Warsaw, disguised as 
peasants, for the pur])osa of 8iizin;j; the king, 
riiey boiv him out of the city, hut were com- 
pelled to leave him not far from the walls, and 
escape. His little army was soon allerward 
defeated, himself outlawed, his estates confis- 
cated, and he entered the service of the Turks, 
then at war with Uussia. He alteruards went 
to Paris; had an interview with Franklin, and, 
sympathizing deeply with a people struggling 
for th' ir liberties, came lo America in the sum- 
mer of 1777. Uejuined the army under Wash- 
ington ; fought withdi-tinction at Brandy wiiic; 
and was (Sipt. 13, 1777) app. by Congress to 
com. the cavalry, with the rank of brig.-gen. 
He was in the battle of Gcrmantown; and early 
in the spring of 1 778 was placed in com. of a 
corps of 68 light horse and 200 foot. This was 
called "'Pulaski's I^cgion," and was oHicered 
nio-tly by foreigners. Commanding this hete- 
rogeneous corps, badly equipped and worse 
mounted, this brave Pole encountered ditticnl- 
ties and sought danger. Ordered to Litth' Egg 
UariKjr, he was surprised wliile on the march, 
— a deserter having given information to the 
enemy, — and a large portion of his inf was 
bayonetted. In Feb. 1779 he was ordered to 
the South, and was in active service under Lin- 
loln until the siege of Savannah, in Scpt.-Oct. 
of that year, where he was mortally wounded in 
the assault, Oct. 9. He was taken to the U.S. 



brig " Wasp," where he died. Nov. 29, '79, Con- 
gress voted a monument to his memoiy, which 
was never cncted ; but one was raised by the 
citizens of Savaimah, of which Lafayette, dur- 
ing his lrium])lial ]lrogre^s through the U.S., 
laid the corner-stone. — .Vee SjiarLs's American 
liioc/riijilii/, vol. iv. 2d series. 

Pulto, .losEAii Hipi'OLYT, M.D., b. Mes- 
ehede, Westphalia, Oct. 6, 1811. U. of Mar- 
burg. He came to the U.S. in 1834, and prac- 
tised medicine at AUcnlown, I'a., 6 years. Bo- 
coming a hoiiuconathist, ho aided in establish- 
ing a bdUKcop. cull at Allentowii. A resident 
of Cineiiiiuili since 1 S40. Prof, of clinical iiicd. 
in the Western Iloiua'op. Coll., IMeveland, 
1852; and of ob>letries, 18.5.'!-5. Conirib. to 
various hom(e<j|i. juuinals. lC<lllor of Teste's 
"Diseases of Cliildicu," ls57; and lia.s pub, 
"Organon of the Hist, of the World," 1859; 
"Domestic Physician," 1850; "Reply to Dr. 
Mctcalf," 1851 ; " Science of Medicine," 1852; 
"Woman's Mcilical Guide," 1853; "Civiliza- 
tion and its Heroes, an Oration," 1855, &c. — 
Allibone. 

Fummill, James, poet, b. Cincinnati, 12 
Dee. 1828. Pub. in 1846 a vol. of poems, 
"Fruits of Leisure," and in 1852 "Fugitive 
Poems." He was a conirib. to the Ladies' Re- 
pos. and thc^ Knlrb rhorier Ma;/., and is editor 
and prop, of the Aurora (Ind.) Commercial. — 
See Ports and I'utrii of the West. 

Purcell, John UArxisT, U.I)., U.C. arch- 
bislio]) of Cincinnati ; conscc. Oct. 13, 1833. 
Has cil., with i. memoir, Maclcod's History of 
the Devotion to the Virgin Mary in N. A., 
8vo, 1866 ; " Tlio Komnn Clergy and Free 
Thought, a controversy with Thos. Viekers," 
1868. 

Purchas, Sa.muel, an Eng. divine, b. 
Thaxted, in Essex, in 1577 ; d. London, 1628. 
Educated at St. John's Coll. Cambridge. His 
]irincipal work was entitled " Purchas his Pil- 
grimages, or Relations of the World," which, 
with Hakluyt's Voyages, led the way to other 
collections of the same kind, and has been 
much valued and esteemed. The lirst vol. was 
pub. in 1613 ; but the fourth edition of it, in 
1626, contains numerous important additions. 
The last 4 vols, appeared in 1 625. The 3d and 
4ih vols, of " Purchas his Pilgrimes" relate to 
Amcr., and preserve the original narratives of 
the earliest English navigators and explorers 
of the Western World. He also wrote " Micro- 
cosmos, or the History of Man ; " " The King's 
Tower and Triumphal Arch of London." 
Purchas was rector of St. Martin's in Ludgate, 
and chaplain to Abbot, archbishop of Canter- 
bury. His works are scarce, and command a 
high price. — .Mliliutie. 

Purdon, Jons, adm. to the Phila. bar, 
1806; d. 1835. N.J. Coll. '1802. Pub. 8vo, 
Phila. 1811, an abridgment of the laws of 
Pa. from 1700, &c., 4th ed. 1831; since pub. 
as Brightley's Digest, and continued to tbo 
present time. — Allilione. 

Purple, NoBMAN II., b. Exeter, N.Y., 
1808. Four years judge of the III. Sup. Ct. 
Has pub. Statutes of III. relating lo Real Es- 
tate, 8vo, 1847 ; Statutes of III. in force Jan. 1, 
1856, 2 vols. gvo. — Allibone. 

Purple, Samuel S., M.D., co-editor with 



PCR 



746 



PUT 



S. Smith. M D. of the J<mnta! o/" .Vn/.n**. 
«nd conirih. lo the Stfd. Timtrt. Auihor of 

A/r.i'.M." svo. isiH>. in MS. — j;;,7«,<. 

Pursh, Kredkric. t>otani.<i, K. Tobolsk, 
Sibi-n*, i::*; d. Mi'iitn-*!. Canada. Juno II. 
ISA) Kduraird at Orvsilon. Cam* to Amor, 
in 1 799. and tvniainrO until ISIl. whotj he vis- 
ited Kng ; and in ISU yah ai Lond. t'U'ra 
Amrrua SfftroUioiHii:'. Svo. Roiuniin^* to 
Atiicr.. he d. while collecting maicriaU for a 
flv»l%t ol" l\in:(.}a. 

Purvianoe, HroB Y..cotnmo. U.S.N.,b, 
M.I. Mi>l>liimn. Xor. S. ISIS; lieut Mar. 3. 
1S27 ; cwni. M.ir. 7. 1S49 ; rapt. Jan. 2S. lSi6 ; 
comiuo. (ret. IL<t| July 16, 1S62: com. sUh>p 
"Marion." coast of Africa. ISoS-S; fripits 
■• St. Lawrenco.'' IStil ; sunk Conlx>l. prirateer 
■" IVtrvl " olf Charleston, and }iarticipated in 
the ti>:hi of "• The Memmaoi;." (runhoats, and 
hatteri^-s oirSeweli> Point. Hampton Koad*. 

Putnam, Albiuknck Waiih). ■ lasrver 
of ^■a^hvillo, Tenn.. b. Belpr*. O.. 11 Maix-h, 
1799 L" of O. Grand>on ot Gen. Putnam. 
Auihor of Hist, of Middle Tenn,. Sn\ 1SJ9 ; 
Lih." of Oon. John Sovier. in Wheeler's Hist, 
of X C. ; also a number of papers in periodii-als, 
and contnk lo the Ti-nn. Hist. Soc-, of which 
he is prvsi.lcnt — Aniitntt. 

PutQam, Gkorcl Palmv- •••i.;,'- - > 
Brunsu uk. Me., Kb. il. 1 SU 
John. wIk) came trvim Buck in. 

to S.ilcm. in 1640. Great:.., 

Putnam, and grandson of Gvn. Juxpli I'a.mcr. 
He has long been a U>ok>ciler in X.Y , and 
in IS41-47, while of the firm of Wilcv and 
Putnam, n-sidcil in Lond. Uis own compila- 
tions are, "Chronology," 12mo. 1S33; "The 
Tourist in Eni\>pe." limo. 1S3S; " Americaa 
Book Circular." lS+3; "Amcr. Facts." Sro, 
1S45; " Tho World's Proj;rvss. a Uiciionarr 
of l)ates,"&e ,Svo, IS50 an,! .-o>, r i" , ■ ; V 
sine*. He also pub, / 
ISiS-7 and IS6S-70; ■ 
S4 vols- 12mo; " Honu' . 

5 vols. 13mo. Between l!i4- aia 1 -70 } i- ; - • 
iiion.' than 3iW vols, by Amcr. authors of the 
tirst rank . and his services to American liter- 
ature li.Avc ill various ways been of creat value. 

Putnam, Issjiku maj.-:^.'n. Rovol. armv, 
b. SaVm. .Ms.. 7 Jan. 171S ; d. Brvvklvn, 
Ct , 29 .May. 1790. He rwx-ivcl liitle educa- 
tiv>n. but was cndowevi by nature with a power- 
ful frame, great courage, and an entx-nirising 
spirit. Ho in., and in 17."«9 sett'.^' •■ iv...- • 
I t.. where by industry heacviui^ 
In 17:>5 he raist-d and com. a . 
Krvnch war. Joining the am ^ 
P^inl. hi* bravery, activity, and i.uteriM-i>« 
paintM him, in 1757, the raiik of maj. W hile 
»t.Hiioucvl at Kt. t«lward. he by personal e.ver- 
tions savnl a (wnAior-magaiiite from lire after 
it had bamcd the outer idauLing. In .Vu.;. 
175S. while returning to >ort Kdward from a 
»«Muting exfvd , he Ivll into an ambuicade, was 
taken, and ah. being burned at the stake, when 
.Molang. a French panisan. rescued hira. He 
was t.nkcn to Montreal, where Col. Sohnvlor re- 
licie<l his wants, and prwcun>i his e.\,-hai)ge. 
He n.t> a lieut -col. at the siege of Montreal 
iu 17bO, and at the captare of Havana m 



1763; and in 1764 waj ■ col. in Bradstreet'i 
e.xped. against the Western Indians. He w.i« 
•ftcrwarvi an innkeei<er in Brwkline, Ct.. and 
a member of the legisl In i;7.1, wi:h Gen. 
Lyman, he went to the Mpi to explore a grant 
ol military lands, Imt denved no Ivnclit Irom 
them. IKarini: ot th- battle of Le.tington. he 
left bis plo _ ' ' n.i, usin^' it. iinvokcd 
his team. :i was, sot olT for Boa- 

«<">■ •!.• r a regt .with which 



be luarv-luv 



w,is app. a |>rovia- 



cial maj.-gen.. and also on the continental es- 
Ublishment. 19 June, 177J, At Bunker's Hill 
he was iX>n*T i>Mi.u;* *n'n,r i- .1.. I . "c-.iura- 
pnS'lw'r -ton, 
he was ir:r Ho 

afterward - :,s of 

Phila.. and. a!;ir 1' ronton ai.J I'nuotiun, was 
posted at the hitter place, j«rtormini; great ser- 
vice »iih a sm:ill force. App. in the spring of 
1777 to ci>m. a forre in the Highlan.U ot X.Y., 
he made tho judicious selection of West Puint 
as thoj^ite of a fortress. While }>ostc\l at Read- 
ing. Ct.. in 177S. he was atbtckcd by Gen. Try- 
on, and esca^ied by plunging do<vn a steep 
precipice, where the British dragoons dan^l 
not follow him This mas his last active ser- 
vice. He was a good executive officer, more 
brave ih in pnidvit. frrauently wanting in dig- 
• .iiid liuinane. — ^^ /^ fy 

- V (Lowell), anthotess, 

■■ •' w .,v . ^ .L.,i>. b. Boston. I>ec. S, ISIO. 
t?Qe was m. Apr. 5, 1S32, to Samuel R. I'ut- 
nani, a metvhani of B»i>ton. From her moth- 
er she inherited th- •>....• ■-j-.uiing Lan- 
guages to an cs: ,:x-e. Froin 
1S5I tolS57sher« .niilv.chi. flv 
in Framx- and Gcr r vt.,J. 
ies in languaires, a ■ ,r a 
Historv of Uun;;.! - th« 
Sive^ii^ih "The N. , , er ; 
has pub. anonymou>;v, ■ Kv^o.-vi^ of an lib- 
scuro M»n," 1S6I ; " 'I'lagedy of Errors," and 
" Trage^ly of Success ; " dram.i!;,- ). vms ilius- 
Iratii-c ol sla«vry and th • the 
S«'Uth : and has contrib. r. the 
.V..1. /.Vr.fic and to the (' 

Putnam, Rrrrs. bri:; ^in . !> Sutton 
Ms.. Apr. 9. I7.-»S; d. Marietta, O, Mav 4. 
IS24. lie quitted the bu>ini-ss of a millwriglit 
to sor^■e as a common soldier through thecam- 
Migns of 1757-60. and, on the surr\-nderof 
Monireal, m. .ind sefie^l in New Bnvntree, 



.^nd 



i ho 

saiii^ lo i fx- 

p'ore land> ,,,[. 

ed by (.arh.i-i , ..; ,nd 

soldiers who h^d sened in tiie t'leiich war, 
and was app. by the gov. dep surveyor ol the 
province. Keiuming to Ms. he wai made a 
liout.-oo;. in Oavid Brewer's rcgt. The abil- 
ity displayed by him as an engineer in throw- 
ing up defences in Roxbury secured for him 
the favorable considerntion of Washington, 
who wrote to Congress that the millwright was 
altogether a more com)<etent officer than any 
of ibe FreiK-h genileinen to whom it had girco 



Fvrr 



747 



QXJI 



appointments in that lino. In 1"7(), Putnuin, 
as oliiol on;;r., siiperinicnileil nil the defences of 
N.Y. ; WHS in Aug. npp. eliief en;;r., with the 
Tank of cul., but during the niitunin, from some 
dissfttisfuetion with tiic neiion of Congress in 
rcKiiril to liis corps, left it to take com. of the 
Sth Ms. I\>(;t. ; in the following spring he was 
ottaehecl to the Northern army, and ilisiing. 
himself at the bnitlu of SiilhvatiT ; in 1778, 
wiih his cousin Gen. Israel Putnam, he super- 
intended tlie construction of the fortilieations 
nt We.-t I'oint ; after the surprise of Stony 
Point, he WHS app. to the command of a regt. 
in Wayne's brigade, in which he served to the 
end of the eampnign ; Jan. 7, 1783, he was 
made l>rig.-gen. He was several years a mem- 
l)cr of the le^isl., and acted as aide to (ien. 
Lincoln in quelling Shays's Rebellion in 1 787. 
Apr. 7, 1788, as supt. of the Ohio Co., ho 
founded Marietta, the first permanent settle- 
ment on the eastern part of the North-west Ter- 
ritory ; in 1789 he was app. a judge of the 
Supreme Court of the N.\V. Territory ; May 4, 
1792, he was app. brig.-gen. of Wayne's army 
to act against the Indians, and frotn May, 
1792, to Feb. 1793, was U.S. commiss. to treat 
for peace with tlictn, concluding an important 
treaty with 8 tribes at Vincennes, Sept. 27, 
1792". U.S. surveyor-gen. from Oct. 1793 to 
Sept. 18113. In 1803 he was member of the O. 
Consiituilonal Convention. 

Putnam, Sa.mikl, LL.n., A. A.S., jurist, 
b. U.iiivcr>, .Ms., Apr. 13. 17()8; d. Sonicrvillc, 
M-., July 3, 18.i3. II.U. 1787. He studied 
law, and cominenced practice in Salem in 1790, 
attaining a high position nt the Kssex Co. bar. 
He was senator from Essex in 1808, '09, '13, '14; 
represecitaiive in 1812; and in 1814-42 was a 
jud :e of tin- Ms. Supreme Court. 

Pynchon, Wh.m.vm. leader in the Spring- 
fielil s.tdeiiKUt in 16.36. b. Kssex Co., Eng.,ab. 
1590; d. Wniishury, Buckinghamshire, Eng., 
Oct. 1662. He was an assist, in 1628 and '29; 
came over with Gov. Winthrop in 1630; and 
was treasurer of the Colony, and a magistrate, 
until his removal from Koxbury, of which 
town lie was one of the principal fonndcrs. He 
was chosen magistrate of Springfield in 1638, 
and was an assist, in 1643-.iO. While in Rox- 
bury and Springfield, he was largely concerned 
in tiic beui'cr-trade. In 1650 his " Meritorious 
Price of Christ's Redemption," in opposition 
to the Calvinistic view of the atonement, was 
pub. in Eng., causing his deposition from the 
magistracy. His hook was burned on Boston 
Common by order of the court ; and the author- 
ities of Ms. employed Norton to answer him. 
In consequence of these and other persecutions, 
he returned to Eng. in 1652, an<i in 16.i5 is- 
gued a new edition of his book with additions. 
He also pub. " The Jcwes Synagogue," 4to, 
1652 ; " How the First Sabbath was ordained," 
&c., 1654. His son Col. JoiiK, 50 years a 
magistrate of Springfield, and one of the found- 
ers of Northampton in 1654, d. Jan. 17, 1703, 
a. 76. 

Quackenbos, Gkouoe Patse, LL.D. 

(Wc.l. U. IM^J), educator, b. New York, 1826. 
Cid. Coll. l.'S43. He commenced teaching in 
N.C. In 1847 he opened a private school in 
N.Y. City, and has been eontrib. to or editor 



of various journals. In 1846-8 he conductei 
the IM'Tiirij Amn-iran. He has jiub. many 
popular school-books, among them "Advanced 
Course of Composition and Rhetoric," 1854; 
" Illustrated School History of the U.S.," 1857; 
" A Natural Philosophy for Schools and Aca- 
demies," 1859; "Primary History of the 
U.S.," 1860; "English Gninimai^," 186i, 
anil has prei)areil an Amcrii'aii edition of 
Spiers and Surenne's French and English Dic- 
tionary, 1852, and a series of arithmetics on 
the basis of the works of Geo. R. Perkins. 

Quesnel, Joskimi, a Canadian dramatist 
and cotnpo.ser, b. Fratice, 1750; d. Montreal, 
July 3, 1809. He |)roduced Colas et Coliiielle, 
a 3-act comedy, Quclwc, 1788; f^ncus it Ve- 
cille, a musical operetta ; and Lcs He/iiihlicaiiis 
Fiaiipiis, a comedy. In 1805 he wrote a trea- 
tise on the dramatic art, besides several musi- 
cal coni|)ositions of merit, which were extreme- 
ly popular. His sons Jules and F. A. made 
some figure in the |iolitieal history of the Lower 
Province. — Mdri/an. 

Quinby, Geouge W., b. Westbrook, Me., 
1810. Has pub. fifteen sermons and as many 
prayers; " Lxposition and Defence of Univcr- 
salism ; " " Marriage and the Marriage Rela- 
tion ; " Six Lectures ; " The Gallows, the Pris- 
on, and the Poor-IIouse," 1857, &c. Edited 
the Star in the West, and eontrib. to the 
Ti'itrnjiff, &,c. — Allilxine. 

Quinby, Gkn. Isaac F., b. N.J. ah. 1820. 
West Point, 1843. He entered the art.; was 
assist, prof, of philos. at West Point, Aug. 
1845 to June, 1847; 1st lieut. March 3, 1847; 
served with his rcgt. in Mexico; was adj. and 
quarterm. from Oct. 1848 to Mar. 1852, when 
he resigned, and became prof of math and nat. 
philos. in Rochester U., which [wst he resumed 
in 1864. When the civil war broke out, he left 
his professorship to become col. I3th N.Y. Vols. ; 
fought gallantly at IJull Run, July 21 ; subse- 
quently resigned, and resumed liis professorship 
at Rochi'ster, until maile brig.-gen. Mar. 17, 
1862, and idaccd in com. of the Dist. of the M|)i., 
including the important post of Columbus, Ky. 
He quitted this post Oct. 26 to take com. of the 
3d division of the Army of the Mpi. at Corinth; 
com. the Yazoo Piuss cxpcd. Mar. 1863; en- 
gaged nt Champion Hill 16 Mav, and assaults 
of Vickslnirg 19-22 Mav, 1863; resigned 31 
Dec. 1 863. — Ci///hhi. 

Quincy, Ei>mitni>, jurist, agent for Ms. at 
the court of Great Hritain. b. Braintrec, Ms., 
Oct. 24, IG81 ; d. London, Feb. 23, 1738. H.U. 
1699. In 1718 he was app. a judge of the Su- 
preme Court ; and for a long time held a seat 
in the house of representatives, as also in the 
council; and was col. of a regt. In 1737 he 
was sidectcd as an agent to the British court 
for the |iurpose (if procuring a deeisiim of the 
controversy respecting the boundary-line be- 
tween Ms.' and N.H., hut died while thus cm- 
ploycil. The Gen. Court testified the high rc- 
6|)cet in which they held him bv erecting a mon- 
ument to his memory in liunliill Fiilds. Ed- 
MtND his son (b. 1703, d. July 4, 1788 ; H.U. 
1722; merchant of Boston) pub. a treatise on 
" Hemp Husbandry," 1765. Fathcr-in-lnw of 
John llaneock. 

Quincy, Edmund, polit. and misccU. au 



QTTI 



748 



yLi 



Aor, bw Bottoa, Fch. I. 190$. H.U. ISaT. 
Uas jwhk " WcnsVcy. • Story Tiihout • Mor- 
al," I $M : a Meotuir ot bU l'atb<.r Jv»4jih 
(pres. of II.I'.K Svo, ISiiT; anJ lias Iwn a 
drofiirnt cvHtirib. to UtiTirr pcriodicaU itn<i 
polilk-al novspapers. lie was k<n); a |>rv>mi' 
Mot alKiIiikmb^i : «vc ol' the Amcncau and M^ 
AntisUwT) Sivieliv*. 

Quincy, Coi. John : J. JuIt l.t. 1767. a. 
7$. II. I'. 170$. S<.>n of Uaoiol. and );rai>J- 
euo of Lk-ut.-Coi. Etlinund. Ue was tuaj.. and 
aftrrwanls ool.. of luilitia ; 40 jvars a ivpre- 
$>nitati>v and couik-illor : and k>n^ speaker of 
tlie bouse. WIk-u that pan of Braiuirvv iu 
whk-b ho li\-nl was iQcvrjxmtnl. tbe ii«D. 
Court ptt-v it the naiue oi' Quino'. ilL. |>a- 
Irmal otalo iKcainr the (iroivny of his givat- 
frtnd><>n. Johu Quincr Adams. 

Quincy, Josiah. Jim., a distiD^. patriot, 
K Boston. Fob. S.i. i'*4 d .\t>r 3*. ITT.S 
11. r. 17ti;i. Gra:. - " , '' 

bthrr Jv>.viah. a U- - 
frk-nd <ii" hi- ixu - . 



doainant partr with prrat ri!:or. »p«akiiig 

airain>t •' ■ ., . .■ 1 . ;.. 1 , , 1 .. T ,j^ 

poc4ii_ ;.■- 

l>*to. ^ >s 



uve, 

and >. 
werv 
was ! 
lol^ i: 
first. L 

IK^UII. 

ai>d > 

hiss: 

of tli. 

Hot 



W 

h.i 

do;; ....- ^ 

pk\ Ijv- Uj^ v^ivxi U(.«>U 

Don with John Adams 

Ihe lV.-:.-u M:i--.,vrx. 
pn 



0\ -a. to 

iIk roSos- 

i. of 
- >oar, 
..a ar- 
p>»- 

.iulK^ 
:^ of 
, ,- the 
.a:, uoiwiih- 
. of thoir dc- 
Ki; :i in the |>er- 

(onu 1 . L ■: !:;i^ •.ry,.,; ..i,:v Comp«'llod bv 
iH-hoaUih ix> alvUKion all business, bo eiul>arkod 
Feb. *. 1773, ti>r Charleston. S.C. and iu the 
cnsuiiti: May romniod home by land. .*o much 
henoiiti-d as ii> be able to rvsuitK' bis laU'ts. 
In .M-.v, 17-4. srn-nr.-ii h;s "Ohsonnt-on^ i^n 
Ibv -\ ■ ■■ ' 

R ~ 

tol 



m^. 



oontrary to tiK* <.x*uu?<'i < 

iwirw and worse duri- _ 

brmiKxi his last when i:<. - _ 

earlv a;^^ of 31. AuitK>r u: lk«.^%>r;s ^uu. 

Coiirt .Ms. Bay. 1761-73. eJitwl by S. M. 

QuiaoT. Stu, l>64 Ciw Lin t, ig kis Sm, 

Sno, ISSi. 

Quincy, Josiaa. LL.D„ HaMsnuoi and 
■cbular, «un of the prwcdit^;, b. Boston, 4 Fob. 
i;7i: d. guinor. Ms.. 1 Julr. 1#*4. U.L". 
179a He stwticd law umlor Jodjre Tudor; 
be;:an ptaciivv in Boston in \ '^'< : vrx^ a Suie 
•matur in l!>iU: M C. ^ ua a 

i^iau' KQator in lS15-i<> >t*ie 

Const. CoDT. in ISaO: s; -<• i>f 

M*. l!>*)-l; jodi.-e Ol" li>. IV.-., . n.i .iciiwj 
Coart ISiS: mavor iV" Boston ISSA-^; iii.i 
pro». ot'lI.V. in 1 j**-.\ui;. 1n4.S. As a K.vl.Tal- 
ut, be opposol in Coc^ixss the tDcasorci of the 



iK-ss- y, 

Jun.. >,"' 

2 vv>;>, ..-,. . ,--1.-. - >.:ra- 

tions;' ■ Luooi J. ', -.■>. " lli»- 

tonr of the Boc-ton .\ -'l ; "Ls- 

says .'n i.. .-v,i:-;_ ;>59; " Me- 

luoir 1 s4b ; " Juamals 

and >. - il Shaw." 1S47 ; 

•• Mui. : -:.'n." 1*52; at>d 

CeotcuLij^ AJdaj* ca sljc 200th Annir. of 
Boston. IS;SO. — .Sm Li/i bg kis Son LJmmitJ 
W«.».». I#<i7. 

Quincy.JosiAH. Jun..a!i ;iif 

lV.>jtou. h.Jau. 17, lSt>2. 11 - f 

tbo j>rooc\iini:. HoKv.ii-.> . i ; 

mrtul<or of tbo oiiv s 

lS*»-7 ; pros- o( th. r 

of R^ron 1<4--. I: v. 



ts. Ho was u. 
. m Kailroad tu. 



Quincy, JosiauTh I Lurs.h. Boston. 1#A). 

H. C 1SJ<.>. Si'U o( iIk" piwodiiii;. AnihuT 
■ ■: I » toria." a draiitatic pivm, l!>i6 ; " Char- 
.^ dramatic |».>om, I SJ6. Coniributcii to 
.< and J'tUMtim't M»faa»t» and other 
al.s. 
QuincV, Smi-CL MiLLKB, h. Boston. 
IS^iS, Ul'.l^'i. Brw. of jowoiinj:. Momlicr 
of the Boston bar ; eoexiitor, with John Lowell, 
ol the M -KiXt Lttic Hifairr until Mar, ISOO. 
Capl. 2d Ms. Vol.v Mav 24. I $61 ; niiuor. Sept. 
17, It's;. , ■: N>.v 9'lS>VJ; r,^:.-. ..! .T,.m- 2, 
IS*3. - -: 

col. M 
•Ke,. 

0f>U ll.il. 1"'-1-:.'. !y .K.-.a;i (^': IKV. J,;n.. 
with an Api<oniiix upon " The Writs of As- 
sistance," by Horace tiray inp . *<■■>, ! Sf^V 

Quint, Alomo 1! . " '^ ■' --T. 

mail »nd hist, writer. 

22.1*2*. DC. 1$46. 1 

Mather Churvh, W. 1.. ■.. ..... , ..-. -. . ....ip 



QTJI 



740 



KA-K 



liiin 2il Ms. RcKt. 1861-4; pnstor North Coti);. 
Vh.. N. ».'<iroi-.l, Ms., since July 21, ISIU. He 
liiis pull. " Aiiny Notes, &i\, I'SGl-a," Hostoii, 
l-'niti, IStU; " History of the 2il Ms. lU'Et-," 
ISIJT. A proprietor nml editor of the Conr/. 
Qmiilirlti. anil n coiUrib. to the -V. IC. llial. ai'iil 
dim III. AV.;. ami the Dover Enijiiiiir ; inemhcr 
of iho Ms. Slate Hoard of Ecliicntion, li^.'jj-Bl. 
Quintard, Ch.vrlks Todd, D.I). (Col. 
Coll. IS.M), I,L.l)., fjrad. M.D. (U. of N.Y.) 
li»4r), h. Siniiifoid, Ct.. 22 Dec. 1821. Bceamo 
n physician of the N.Y. Dispensatory, 1847; 
prof, of pliysiol. nml nnnt. Memphis Med. Coll. 
18')1 ; ord. in Pr.-Ep. Ch. 1855; nnd hecamo 
in IS-'iS rector of the Ch. of the Advent, Nash- 
ville; consce. bishop of Tenn. Oct. 11, ISC'). 
Author of" A Plain Tract on Confirmation," 
" A Preparation for Confirmation ; " and in 
early life contrih. largely to mcd. periodicals. 
He was an earnest secessionist, and n vol. 
chaplain in the Confed. army. — llislon/ of 

^Ulln/oy,!. 

Qiliroga (kc-ro'-};ii), Jose, a Spanish 
Jesuit, I). Galicia, 1707; d. 1784. Ah. 1743 
he was sent by the King of Spain to explore 
Patagonia. His Journal of his Voyage was 
inserted by Charlevoix in his " History of 
Paraguay.*^ 

Quitinan, Jons Anthony, LL. D. (La 
Grange Coll |, soldier and politician, b. Rhine- 
beck, N.Y., Sept. 1, 1799; d. Natchez, Mpi., 
July 17, 18.58. Son of Fhedericic lInNnv, 
D.l). (1760-1832), Lutheran pastor of Rhine- 
beck, NY. ; nnthor of " Treatise on Ma^ic," 
1810; "Evangelical Catechism," 1814; " Tlirce 
Sermons on the Reformation," 1817 ; edited 
Hymn-Book of the N.Y. Synod, 1817. The 
son received a good education ; was a prof, of 
law in Mt. Airy Coll., Pa., in 1819; began to 
practise law in 1820 at Chillicothc, 0., but in 
1823 settled in Natchez; became a planter, 
and was disting. at the bar and in the politics 
of the State ; chancellor of the Superior Court 
1828-31 and 1832-4; member of the State 
legist, in 1 828-32, and, as prcs. of the Slate sen- 
ate in 1835, was gov. pro lew. ; member of the 
State Const. Conv. in 1831 ; disting. in the 
Texan struggle in 1836; visited Europe in 
1839, and on his return was app. judge of the 
High Court of Errors and Appeals. App. 
brig.-gen. of vols, by Pres. Polk, July 1, 1846; 
maj.-gcn. Apr. 14, 1847. He received a sword 
from Congress for gallantry at Monterey. Ho 
was subsequently disting. at Chapultcpec and 
the Bclcn Gate/ and was app. by Gen. Scott 
gov. of the city of Mexico. Gov. of Mpi. 1850- 
1 ; M.C 1855-8, and at the head of the mili- 
tary committee. He was a devoted adherent 
of Calhoun and his political doctrines, and a 
leader of the party favorable to the annexation 
of Cuba. He was a man of high character and 
siKitless iutegritv. — i>ee Life and Corresp. hi/ 
J. F. II. daihorne, 2 vols. 1860. 

Raburn, William, gov. of Oa. 1817-19, 
b. Ilalilax Co., N.C., Apr. 8, 1771 ; d. Han- 
cock Co., Ga., Oct. 23, 1819. He removed to 
Ga. at the age of 15, where, with slight educa- 
tional a<lvantages, he rose to the highest honors 
of the State. Judge of the Inferior Court, nnd 
n nvmluT of the Assembly and Senate. 

Radford, William, rcar-adm. U.S.N., b. 



Vn. Midshipm. Mar. 1,1825; licut. Feb. 9, 
1837; com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. July 16. 
1862; eommo. April 24, 186.! ; rcar-adm July 
25, 1866. Com. the party that cut out " Thu 
Malek Adcl," a Mexican ves.-el-of-wnr, at Mazat- 
lan in 1847; com. " TlicCumberland " in 1861, 
nnd was on court-martial duty at Old Point 
when she was sunk by "The Merrinn\ck ; " 
com. " The New Ironsides," and irou-chid divis- 
ion of Porter's squadron at the two attacks on 
Fort Fisher in Dec. 1864 and Jan. 1865. Ho 
com. the European squadron in 1869-70. — 
Ihuneidii. 

Rae, John, M.D., LL.D., arctic explorer, 
b. in tlie ( )rkneys. Took a surgeon's diploma at 
Edinburgh, and entered the service of tlio 
Hudson's Bay Co., as a surgeon, in 1833. Ho 
made many extensive journeys and explora- 
tions; neeomp. Sir J. Richardson, in 1848, in 
a search for Sir John Franklin; and in 1850 
was placed by the II. B. Co. in charge of a 
similar cxped. During an exped. to Repulse 
Bay in 1 8.53-4, he discovered a new river, which 
falls into Chesterfield Inlet ; nnd in the follow- 
ing spring disting. himself as the first discov- 
erer of the fate of Sir John Franklin's party. 
He had travelled 1,100 miles, including a pre- 
liminary journey, when he made this important 
discovery, for which he received the govern- 
ment reward of £10,000 sterling. In 1852 he 
received the founder's gold medal of the Royal 
Geog. Society of London, and is an honorary 
member of various learned and scientific bodies. 
Ho was in 1861 on an expedition to visit Red 
River and the Rocky Mountains. He has pub. 
a work exposing the fallacies of free trade, 
8vo, 1834 ; " Exped. to the Arctic Sea in 1846- 
7," 8vo, London, 1850. — Monjim. 

Raff, George Wertz, late probate judge 
of Stark Co., 0., b. there 1823. Author of 
" Guide to Executors nnil Administrators in 
Ohio," 1859; " Manual of Pensions, Bounties, 
and Pay," 1862; " Law of Roads and High- 
wavs,""l863; "War Claimant's Guide," 8vo, 
1866. 

Raflnesque, Constantine Smaltz, bot- 
anist, b. Galatz, a suburb of Constantinople, 
1784; d. Phihv. Sept. 18, 1842. He lost liis 
father when he was ab. 7 years of ajjc ; and, to- 
gether with a bro., was sent to the U.S. in 1 802. 
He visited Phila., where his taste for natural 
history strongly devcIoi)ed itself; travelled 
through the adjacent country, making numerous 
collections of botanic siiecimcns; and in 1805 
went to Sicily, where he jaib. " The Analysis 
of Nature," "in the French language. After 
losing by shijiwreck all his cficets, including 
his books, manuscripts, and drawings, he in 
1815 arrived in New York; but in 1818 emi- 
grated to the West, and was for a time prof, of 
botany in Transylv. U. at Lexington, Ky. ; 
travelling also, and lecturing elsewhere, until 
he finally settled in Phila. In 1536, after a life 
of great vicissitude, which was marked by but 
ft siiiall amount of enduring acliievcments com- 
pared with his aims and hopes, Ralinesf|uc 
pub. " Life, Travels, and Researches," wlucli 
was mostly ft narrative of liis own journeys nnd 
observations. lie j)ub. 8 numbers of the Allan- 
tic Journal and Friend of Kiion-hdi/e, begun in 
the spring of 1832; "American Florist," 



R-AJ 



750 



1832 ; " The American Xntions," 13mo, 1836; 
" Ancient Hist, of Kv.," ic., 8vo, 1S24 ; " Mwli- 
enj Kloni of iho U.S'," 1828-30, 2 vols. ; '• The 
Wi.riil,"' a pot'in, 8vo, 1836 ; •• Snfe Bankin;;," 
IS.J7; " The American Monununts of N. and 
M. America." 8vo. 183S; ••Genius ami Spirit 
of the Hebrew Bible," 1838: •• I'leasurrs and 
Duties of Wealth." 1840 ; •• The Good Book," 
8vo, 1840. His •• Complete Concholojiv.'' ed- 
ited bv Binnev and Trvon, was pub. "l*hila.. 
8vo, 1864.— .l//,4wir. " 

Bafb, C.\RL CuRiSTi \s, r.D., n Danish 
nnIia-uloi;ist. b. Br.ilie>b<iP^'. Island of Funtn, 
Jan. IG. 1793; d. 20 Oct, 1864. Educated at 
the U. of Cojjenhai.'vn, of which in 1821 he 
was m.ide an assist 'librarian, an<l while thcro 
undertook a general revision of all the Icelandic 
and Xorwctriau MSS. yet unpub belon^jinj; to 
the collection. Through his efforts the So- 
ciety of Northern Antiquities was founded, 
wliich has pub. mort thiui 70 vols, on the hist, 
and antiqmtics of the North. His '■ AMtiguiiaies 
Amenitin.T sen Sciijiloits S-i)lfntrionaUs Rerun) 
Aiil.-Culiimluanorum in Aoien'ca" (Copenha-'en, 
1837) attempts to prove that the Scandinavians 
di.-covcn.\l America in the lOih centurv, and 
subsequently etK-eted settlements in wliat is 
now Ms. and R.I. An im|iortant s«niel to 
this work is •• The HistoriciU Monunieuis of 
Greenland," 3 vols. 1838-45. Of his '•Aniioui. 
lies liuss^s," 2 vols. app. in 1 850-2. As sec. of 
the Society for Northern Antiquities, he pre- 
jiitaHl various ^vorks for the iircss, and also 
tr.iusliitcd and editeil other works. — AmJtIon 

Haguet, CoxDY, LL.D. (St. Marj-'s Col- 
lege. Bait.), merchant and political ci-onoraist 
b. I'hila. Jan. 28, 1784; d. there Marvh 22, 
1842. U. of Phila. He studied law. but, en- 
tering a counting-house, was at the age of 20 
sent to St. Domingo as supercargo of a vessel. 
On his return from a second vovagc thither in 
ISOj, he pub. •• A Short Account of St. Domin- 
go, and a Cin;umst.intial Account of the Mas- 
sacre there." Embarking in 1806 in business 
on his oivn aceount, he was prosperous, U'camc 
one of the founders and managers of the I'hila. 
Saving Fund, pres of the Pa. Life-Annuity 
Co., and also of the Chamber of Commerce. 
He took an active part duriu": the war of 1812 
in coucening measures for the defence of the 
city ; and was in 1815 a member of the Assem- 
bly, and subsequently of the State senate. In 
1822 he was app. consul at Rio Janeiro ; soon 
uftcnvanls was intrusted with the negotiation 
of a commei-cial treaty with Brazil, to which he 
was the first clianif iVaffairrs, ond remained 
there 5 years. After his return to the U.S., he 
became the editor of several journals devoted 
to the advocacy of tlie doctrines of free trade, 
and was a contrib. to the Portfolio; member 
Amcr. Philos. Soc. He pub. ••Principles of 
Five Trade," 8vo. 18.36 ; and ••A Tix^tisc on 
Currency and Banking;." in 1839, rcpub. in 
Lond., also translated into French, and pub. 
iu Paris in 1 840. — /yiuifj MrrrA. Man., vii. 
542. ■" 

Bains, G.kbriel J.imbs. gen. C.S.A., b. 
N.l\ Wi'st Point, 1827. Entering the 7th 
Inf , he became capt. Dec. 25, 1837 ; Lrev. maj. 
for gallantry in action with the Scmino'es nmr 
Fort Iung,Fla., Apiil 28, 1840, where he com. 



and WHS severely wonnded; m.ij. 4ih Inf Mar. 
9, 1851 ; in Nov. 1853 was aiip. bv the afrin- 
gov brig.-gen. Wiu-liington Terr. Vols. ; lientf- 
col. 5ih Inf. 5 June 1860; rvsi:.-niHl July 31 
1 861. At the Iwttle of Wilson's Crvik, Aug.' 
2, he was in i-oin. as brig.-gen. of the advance 
guarxl of the army which fought the battle of 
Aug. 10. in which' Gen. Kains i-om. a division. 
Dieting, at Shiloh and at Perr\-\ ille. 

Hains, J.mi:'* Edwahh. Iing.gen. C.S„\., 
b. N;u-hville. Tenn.. 10 Apr. 1833 ; kilkxl n« 
the battle of Stone River 31 Dec. 18G2. Y.C. 
1854. lie Wius a prominent lawyer and Whig 
{wlitician, and at one time editor of its oroan 
in Tenn., the ihiilfi Rriiub. limm r. Disting? nt 
Shiloh and at PerrjTillc. Though an active 
Unionist before the war, ho then resigned 
the attorney -generalship of his dist., took com. 
of a n'gt., and w.is for a time in com. at Cum- 
berland Gap. 

Rainsborow, Ges. William, a pnrliv 
mentary othcir : killed at Dmicaster. En-'., 
1648. lie ri->idiil in Chariistown, Ms., In 
1639; had an estate at Watertown in 1640; 
w.ts a meml>er of the .V. and H. Art. Co. of Bos- 
ton, and was a relative of the Winthrops. Re- 
turning to Eng. in 1644, he w.'u app. capt. of a 
troop of horse intended for Ireland ; and in 
1646 gov. of Woa-ester. He w;\s highly fa- 
vored by Cromwell ; was col. of a regt. in n'hich 
Israel Stoiighton w.is licut.-col., Nehemiah 
Bourne inajur, and John Levcrett caj>t. He 
was surprL-ixl and slain at his quarters. 

£ale (sometimes erioneou-ly written 
Rale, Kalle, and Rasles). Seiiastiex, a 
French missionary to the Indians, b. Kranehe 
Comtd, 1658; killeil at Norridgewock, Me., 
Aug. 12, 1724. Joining the Jesuits, he for a 
time taught Greek at the Coll. of Nismcs. He 
came to QuuIhx- in Oct. 1689: was first sta- 
tioned at the Abenaki Mis.sion of St. Francis, 
near the falls of the Chaudibre, then in the 
Illinois counrry ; and finally at Norridi.-ewoek, 
on the Kenncbi'c, asearlvas 1693. Ralenci-omp. 
the Indians on all their )inniing and fi>hing ex- 
cursions, and o!>tainc<l great influence over the 
Abenakis. The English accused him of insti- 
gating the formys of the savages upon the stitle- 
nienu along the coast, and seta price upon hij 
head. His churi'h was biime<l in 1705, and a 
sect>ndc.\ped. (in 1 722) pilhiged his cabin and the 
chunh, which h:id l>ecn ribuilt, carrying off, 
aniDHgoilier papers, his Dictionary of the Alwna- 
ki Language, nhicli i^ now pnservcd in the libra- 
ry of Han-. Coll., and bus U-en piintcd in the 
Memoirs of the Acad, of Ans and Sciences, 
with an iniroil. and notes by John Pickering, 
4to, 1833. In 1724 a (>arly from Fort Rich- 
mond surprised Norridgcwoik, ki led a numlKr 
of the Indians, and shot Rale at the foot of the 
mis>ion cross; 7 chiefs who cnleiworetl to pro- 
tect him sharing his fate. His IwJy was afler- 
wanl ilisi;racefully roulilaieil. A monument 
was erected to his'meiiiorv bv Bishop Fcnwick, 
29 Aug. 18)3.— A< Mtmiur iy C. Fnnicix. U.l)., 
in i^fifjrirf's Amer. Si^^j,, 2d series, vol. 7. 

Baleigh, Sm Waltkb, soldier, statesman, 
and writer, li. Budleigh, IKvon, Eng., 1352 ; d. 
18 Oct. 1618. Educate.1 at O.xfonl. In 1569- 
75 he fought for the Hugtiennts in France; and 
in 1376-9, under Sir Johu Norris, in the Low 



HAJU 



r:>i 



Countries. In 1579 he sot out with Sir Hiim- 
iilii'ey Gilbert, his half-bro., on nil cxpcil. to 
Xe»!'ounilliind ; Imt it wiis fni'stratej by a Span- 
ish flv^^ct. lie next serveil in Ireland. From 
anoiher expe'l. to NewfounJland with Gill)crt, 
in I J3.J, he was forecd to reuirn by the lireak- 
iiig-out ol a coniagiiius disease on board his 
ship. Kalei(jhiletermined to plant n cuhjny in 
America, obtained an extensive patent, sent 
(lui two ships under Uarlow that brought baek 
;;iioil ear^'oes, and sent in 1385 a second exped. 
inuler Greenville ; but the eolony was badly 
(ioverned. and returned in 1.586. Tobacco and 
potatoes were introdaeed into Europe by these 
vova^a's. Wi.sely detenniniis to found an a^^ri- 
cuitural colony, in April, 1587. he sent a large 
body of cniiirrants, with their wives and I'amdies, 
to make a sctilenieut in Chesapeake Bay. Grant- 
ini; ihem a charter, and app. a municipal govt, 
for the city of Raleigh, he intrusteil the ad- 
ministration to •John While, with 11 assistants. 
They founded their eity on the site of the old 
settlement at Hoanoke L^land, and sent baek 
lor re-enforcements. They never came ; and 2 
of Ualeifth's ships were taken by the French. 
His means were exhausted, and the colonists 
all perished. Having expended £40.000 in his 
efforts at colonization, llaleighin 15S9 formed 
under his patents a company of " Merchants 
and A<lvcntnrer3 " to continue them. After 
receiving many marks of royal favor, he in 1589 
aecom|). the expelleil king of I'ortuu'al in his 
attempt to re-instate himself, but rendered him- 
self obnoxious by taking bribes for the exertion 
of his influence. In Feb. 1595 he made an 
exped. to Guiana, and reached tlie great River 
Orinoco. In 1596 he had a naval command 
nnder Essex in the attack on Cailiz, but became 
his enemy, and promoted his downfall and exe- 
cution. Ue was dcprivedof his posts by .James I., 
and, upon suspicion of being implicated in a 
conspiracy to place Arabella Stuart upon the 
throne, was declared guilty of high treason, 
and was 12 years confined in the Tower, during 
which period he composed his " History of the 
World." To retrieve his fortunes, he under- 
took a settlement in Guiana, but, having a^ 
taekcd the Spanish settlement of St. Thomas, 
off nded King James, who was then seeking the 
hand of the infanta for his son Charles, and 
who, upon his return, caused his arrest and trial, 
wiiii h resulted in sentence of death, and his 
sp'i'crly c.wention. 

Hall, orRahl, a Hessian col. in the British 
service ; kiilcd at the battle of Trenton, Dee. 26, 
177G. He had seen service in the seven-years' 
war, and with his rcgt. (dc Rati) formeii part 
of the coniin^'Cnt hired of the elector of Hesse 
Ca-scl bv George III., and landed at Staten Is- 
land in .June, 177C. Ho took part in the battle 
of While Plains, in the eajiture of Fort Wash- 
iiiirton, wlmre he was particularly disiing., 
and, after the Americans evacuated N. J., was 
placed in com. of an ailvaneed post at Trenton. 
Here he was surprised and slain on the morn- 
in.' after Christmas. 

Halph, .I.vMES, polit. writer, b. Phila. ; d. 
Chisv.ick, Eng., 24 .Ian. 1702. lie was a 
schoolmaster, and went to Eng. with Franklin 
ii 1724 as a literary adventurer, leaving behind 
biia \u3 wiib and child. In 1728 he pub. a 



poem entitled "Nij;ht," which Pope alludes to 
in ' The Dunciad.' He wrote |)lays and po'iii- 
cal pamphlets, attaching liimscli'to the parly of 
Frederick, Prince of Wales, and reci'ivcd a pen- 
sion from George III. Author of " Use and 
Aliuse of Parliaments," 2 vols. 8vo; ''Hist, of 
Eng. duiing the Rvigns of Charles II., James 
II., William III.," &e., 2 vols, fol., Sx. — Uce 
I'^rank/ii/s Auto''io(/raphf/. 

Ralston, Samuel', D.D. (Wash. Coll. 
1822). b. Donegal Co.. Ireland. 1750; d. Car- 
roll, Pa.. Sept 25, 1851. U. of Glas.gow. Ho 
came to America in 1794, and in 1796 took 
charge of the congregations of Mingo Crc. k 
and Williamsport. continuing there till hi d. 
Author of '■ Baptism, a Review of Campbell 
and Walker's Debate ; " "A Brief Examina- 
tion of the Prophecies of Daniel and John," 
1842; "The Seven Last Plagues," 1842; "De- 
fence of Evangelical Psalmody," 1844. — 
Spraf)!!!". 

Ratnage, Adam, inventor of the Ramage 
priniing-presa, a native of Scotland, who catno 
here about the year 1 :-00 ; d. Phila. July 9, 
1850, a. 80. His improvement, the first that 
was made in the printiug-prc s of a century 
ago, consisted in a modification of the shape 
of the srrew, and to this day is. for some pur- 
poses, the best that has been invented. 

Ramirez, Rt. Rev. Feancisco, D.D., 
bishop of Caradro, and vicar ajio-stolic of Ta- 
maulijias, Mexico, b. Mexico, 1 82.] ; d. Brazos 
Santiagos, Texas, July 18, 1869. Educated a 
priest, he took an active part ag.ainst Juarez, 
and while in Europe was, through th^; influence 
of the archbtjliop of Mordia, made a bishop. 
Attaching hiraseirto the Emperor Maximilian, 
ho was hi.s almoner, and sultseqi.ontly cabinet 
councillor. He wa.s a true friend of t'le Mexi- 
can race. On the dowwnfall of the emperor, he 
escaped to Texas, where he lived iu obscurity 
and want. 

Ramsey, Alexanoeh, M.D., anatomist, 
b. Eng. ab. 1734; d. Parsonsfielil, Me., Nov. 
24, 1824, of the bite of a rattlesnake two years 
before, i He had resided long in the U-S. as a 
lecturer on anatomy and physiology. He pub. 
" Anatomv of the Heart, Cranium, and Urain," 
2.1 ed., Eiiliib., 1813; " Plates on the Brain," 
4to. Lond. 1812. 

Ramsey, Alexander, statesman, b. near 
Harrisburg, Pa., Sept. 8, 1815; clerk in the 
office of the register of Dauphin Co. in 18.38 ; 
clerk of the Pa. h. of representatives in 1841 ; 
M.C. 184-3-7 ; chairman of the State central 
commitlee in 1848 ; gov. of Minn, Terr. 1849- 
53, and negotiated treaties by which the govt 
sei'Ureil large tracts of lands from the Siori.x 
Indians ; made treaties with the Chippewns ;' 
mayor of the eiiy of St. Paul in 1S55 ; gov. of 
Minn. IS60-4; and U.S. senator in 1863-9. 

Ramsay, David, M.D. (Phila. Coil. 1772), 
phvsieiaii and historian, b. Lancaster Co , Pa., 
2 .Apr. 1749 ; d. Charleston, S.C.,8 Mav. 1815. 
N. .J. Coll. 1765. His father was an Irish emi- 
grant and a farmer. He was for two years tutor 
in a wealthy fainilv in Md. Removing to 
Charleston in 1773, ^e soon acquired celebrity 
as a physician ; labored zealously with his pen 
in the cause of bis eountrv ; was a leading 
member of the S.C. legisl. in 1776-83; served 



RAM 



752 



RA2r 



as a onriTcon in the arniv, and was nt the *iei^ 
of Savannah ; was a member of the eouni-il ; 
and on the cjipiure of the city in Mny, 1780, 
was conlincil II months at St. Augustine. lie 
distin;;. Iiimself in the leijisl. hy opposing the 
confi-cation acts; memlier ofthe Old Conjjrcss 
in I7S2-6; 21 vears mcmlwr of the State legist., 
the last 7 of which he was ores, of the senate. 
During the progress of the Rcvol., Dr. Ramiay 
eolU'cted materials for its history ; and his 
great impartiality, his line memory, and his ac- 
quaintance with many of the actors in it, emi- 
nently qiialiticd him fortlie task. Ilisdeath was 
occasioncti by wonnds receive*! two days pre- 
vious from the pistol of a maniac. In Jan. 
17S7 he m. Martha, dau. of Henry Laurens, 
disting. for learning and piety, b. 3 Nov. 1759, 
d. 10 June, 1811. Among his writings is a 
" Ilistory of the Uevol. in S.C ," 2 vols. 1785 ; 
" History of the Amer. Revol.," 2 vols. 1790 ; 
" Life o'l Washington." 1801 ; " Uistorv of 
S.C," 1803; " .Memoirs of Martha L. ftam- 
say," 181 1 ; Medical Rnjister for 1802; " Means 
of preserving Health in Charleston ; " " His- 
tory of the Indep. Church in Charleston, S.C, 
from its (Irigin to 1814; " and a " Uist. of the 
U.S. to 1808," pub. from his MS., with con- 
tinuation by Rev. S. S. Smith, 3 vols. 1816. 
His " Universal Hist. Americanized " was pub. 
in 8 vols. 1819. He also pub. "Oration, 4 
July, 1778;" an " Oration on the Acquisition 
of Louisiana," 1S04; and " Eulogium on Dr. 
Rush." 181.3. 

Ramsay, George D., brevt. maj.-gen. 
U S A . b \ a. West Point, 1820. Kntcring 
the an., he became capt. of ordnance 25 Feb. 
18.)5; miij. 22 Apr. 1861 ; lieut.-col. 3 Aug. 
1861 ; col. 1 June, 1863 ; brig.-gen. and chief 
of ordu. l."i Sept. 1863 ; retired 12 Sept. 1864 ; 
brev. maj. 23 Sept. 1846 for pdlanlry at Mon- 
terey ; brev. maj.-gcn. 13 Mar. 1665 for long 
and faithful services. — Cullum. 

Ramsay, Col. NATnxNMEL. Revol. pa- 
triot of .M.I.. bro. of David the historian ; d. 
25 Oct. 1817. X.J. Coll. 1767. At Mon- 
mouth he with his rcgt. checked the British 
column until Washington could rally his troops, 
and fell pierced with wounds. Made prisoner 
nt Charleston; cxehan;^.il 14Deccmlx;r. 1780. 
Dele.', of .Md to the Old Congivss 178.5-7. 

Ramseur, Stephex D . maj.-gen. C.S.A., 
b. N.C 18.J7. West Point. 1860. Died 21 Oct. 
1864 of a woun<l received at Cedar Creek, Va., 
while <oni. a division under Early. 

Rand, .V»a. Cong, clergvman and editor, 
b. Rinlge, X.H., Aug. 6, 1783 ; d. Ashburn- 
ham, .Ms., 24 Aug. 1871. DC. 1806. Son 
of Col. Daniel, an carlv settler of Rindin;, who 
d. 1811, a. 69. Ord. at Oorham, Me.. Jan. 19, 
1809; editeil the Christian Mirrorni Portland, 
Me., in 1822-5 ; then took charge of the female 
gem. at Brooklicld. In Julv. 1826, he became 
editor of the boston li-eontrr, also editing the 
Yonlli's Companio:i, and the Voliintm; a reli- 
gious monthly. Removing to Lowell in 18.33, 
he was connected with a bookstore and printing- 
office, anil pub. the hxrrll OKterrrr, weeklv. On 
the restoratiiin of his health in 1835, fie re- 
turned to his chosen vocation of preaching ; 
lectured on antislavery in Me. and Ms. ; in 
Sept. 1837-42 he minisicrtvi in Pompey, N.Y. ; 



afterward pastor of the Presb. church in Peter- 
borough, N.Y. While at Gorham, he assisted 
in conducting a nligious quarterlv pub. al 
Portland 1814-18. Mr. Rand's publications 
are, be^ides o<Tas. sermons, a vol. of " Familiar 
Sermons." a " Ueview of Finney's Sermon," 
"New Divinity Tried." a vindication of the 
same, and a letter to Hcv. Dr. Beecher. 

Rand, Benjamin Howard, >[ D., b. 
Phila. 1827. JelT. .Med. Coll. 1848. Son of 
B. H. Rand, writing master in Phila. (1794- 
1862). Pcof of chemistry, Phila. Mi-d. Coll., 
1853, and lecturer on chemistry in the Frank- 
lin Institute ; prof of cheniistrv in Jeff. Med. 
Coll. 1864. Author of " Med. Chem. for Stu- 
dents," 185.>; "Elements of Mitl. Chem.," 
1866. Edited .Metcalfe's "Caloric," 2 vols. 
1859, and contrib. to ined. periodicals. His 
sister Mariox II., a contrib. of poetrv to peri- 
odicals, b. 1824, d. Grahamville, S.C.', 1849. — 
S''f S/Kvimrn of her vrrv in lieaiFs and also in 
A/iii/'a Frmair Ports of' Annr. 

Rand, Edward Spragck, Jun., b. Bos- 
ton, Oct. 20, 18.34. H.U. 1855; Cainb. Law 
School, 18.i7. I^aw-partner of his fiiher, E. S. 
Rand, a disting. lawyer of Boston. Author 
of " Life-Memories and other Poems," 1859; 
"Flowers for the Parlor and Garden," 1863; 
" Garden-Flowers, How to Cultivate Them," 
1866 ; a vol. on " Grvcnhouse Plants," and on 
" Orchids." He assisted in Flint'.s edition of 
Harris's " Insects of Ms., "edited the floral depf. 
of the llomtstead, and is a contrib. to many 
scientific journals. — Allitionr. 

Rand, Isaac, M.D., an eminent phrsician, 
b. Chnrlestown, Ms., Apr. 27, 1743; d. boston, 
Di-c. 11, 1822. H.U. 1761. Hestudiol medi- 
cine with his fath'T Dr. Lsaac of Charlestown 
(1718-90), and settled in Boston in 1764. Dis- 
ting. for his attainments in the exact sciences, 
he, with Samuel Wil.i;nii3, was scK'Ctrd to ac- 
comp. Prvif. Wintlirop to Newfoundland in 
1761 to oliserve tho trinsit of Venus. lie 
rose rapidl) in reputation, and in a fcvr years 
shari'd largilv in the b<\st business of the town. 
Pn-s. of the 'Ms. M.d. Sor., 1798-1804. He 
pub. essays on the Wllow Fcv.t of 1798, and 
on Hydrocephalus Intemus, written in 1785, 
a.« well as a di.sconrso on the U.-e of the Warn 
Bath, and Digitalis in Pnlraonjry Consump- 
tion, delivered in 1804 berore the Med. So- 
cietv. — ThachcT. 

fiandaH, Alktander W., politiiian, b. 
Montg<imcri- Co., N.V., Oct. 1S19. Ri'c.ivoda 
good education ; studied law ; went to Wi.^-on- 
sin in 1840; practised at Waukesha, of which 
place he was jiostmast r; in the logi-l. in lt^54; 
judge of the 2d dist. 1856; gov. of Wis. 1857- 
61; minister to Italy 1561-5; U.S. a-sist. po?t- 
maater-gv-n. 186.'>-6"; postmaster-gen. l'i66-9. 

Randall, .\RcntDALD, hwvcrand jurist; 
d. Phila. Mny 30, 1846, a. 46! Adm. to the 
Ivar in 1818, he practiced with success for more 
th.-m 25 vears. In 1834 he was app. a judge 
of the C.C.P. ; in 1842 ho was niis.>d to the 
bench of the U. S. DLst. Court for tlie Eatem 
Dist. of Pa. ; and in 1844 he preside>l over horh 
the Dust, and Circuit Conns of Eastern Pa. 
His dcci-ions in Ivinkniptcy are in Pa. Law 
Journal. 1542-6. 5 vols. 8vo.' 

Randall, Uenrt Stephens, LL.D., b. 



E^N 



753 



Mndison Co., N. y., ISII. Un. Coll. 1830. 
Adiii. to till' liar, but never practised. Sec. of 
blati' undsupt. of public instraction, N.Y. 1851. 
Author of '■ Sheep Hu.-liandi-v," 8vo, 1849; 
"The Practical Shepherd," 8v6; "Life of ,Je(- 
ferson," 3 vols. 8vo, 1857; "Fine-wool Sheep 
HH.sliandrv," 8vo, 1863; "First Principles of 
Popular Education," &e., f<vo, ISG8. Assoc, 
editor of Moore's Rural Xew-Yoikir, and con- 
tril). to many periodicals. Author of a number 
of educational reports. — Allibone. 

Randall, John Witt, M.D. (1839), b. 
Boston. ll.U. 1834. Mcmberof the scieniific 
corps in Wilkes's exploring exped. Has pub. 
papers on nat, hist, in the "Trans." Acad. Nat. 
Sci. and Boston Nat. Hist. Soc. ; "Consola- 
tions of Solitude," a vol. of poems, 1856. 

Randolph, Beverly, member of Assem- 
blv during' the Revol., and gov. of Va. 1788- 
91"; Wm.'andM. Coll. 1771 ; d. Feb. 1797, a. 43. 

Randolph, Edmund, statesman, b. Va. 
10 An-. 1753; d. Frederick Co., Va., 12 Sept. 
1813. .Son of John, atty.-gcn. of Va., and a 
loyalist (li. I72S, d. Loud. 31 Jan. 1784), con- 
sidered tlie ablest lav.-yer in Va. Bro. of Pey- 
ton. Edmund lieeame eminent as a lawyer; 
was a warm Iri-ud of the Rcvol. ; Aug. 15, 
1775, became aide to Washington ; was tlic del- 
egate of Williamsburg to the conv. of May, 
1776; became atty.-geu. of the State in July; 
delegate to Congress in 1779-82; gov. of Va. 
1786-8; member of the conv. that formed the 
Federal Const., and introduced wliat was called 
tlie " Va. Plan;" Voted against tlie instrument, 
but in the Va. conv. urged its acceptance; U.S. 
atty.-gcn. 1 789-90 ; U.S. sec. of state 1 794-Aug. 
1795, having lost the confidence of the admin- 
Utration in consequence of an intrigue with the 
French minister. He was disinherited by his 
father for refusing to adhere to the royal cause. 
His person, mode of speaking, and the cast of 
his elciuence, arc described by Wirt in his 
" Britisli Spy." He m. the dau. of R. C. Nich- 
ol.as. Author of "A Vindication " of his res- 
ignation, Svo, 1795. 

Randolph, Edw.^ed, an agent sent from 
Great Biitain to ascertain the condition of the 
N. Eng. Colonies, and who gave them great 
trouble by Ids hostility to th' ir interests ; came 
to Boston ill 1G76, anil was the principal means 
of dipriviug Ms. of her charter. He was a 
member of the council during the govt, of An- 
dros, and in 1689 was imprisoned with him as 
a traitor. Subsequently released, he went to 
the \Vc3t Indies, where he died. 

Iiandolph, George Wythe, politician, 
b. Edge Hill, Va., ab. 1802; d. Allieuiarb> Co., 
Va., Apr. 4, 1 867. Son of Gov. Thos. M. He 
was a grandson of Jefferson. Entered the nar 
vy at ihc age of 13; attained a lieutenancy, 
which he resigned; began to practise law at 
Charlottesville in 1845, and at Richmond in 
1850. He was considered a leader in the seces- 
sion war in Va. ; was a major at Bethel, and 
for gallantrv there was made a lirig.-gen.; sec. 
of war for the Confcd. Mar. 17-Xov. 17, 1862. 
Resuming tlie practice of law, he in Dec. 1863 
went to France as agent for the Confcd. treas. 
de]it., and returned home in Sept. 1865 with 
shattered health. His bro., T. J. Rakdolph, 
edited the Jefferson Papers. 



Randolph, Jacob, M.D. (U.of Pa. 1817), 
physician, b. Pliila. Nov. 25, 1796; d. there 
Feb. 29, 1848. His ancestor Edward Fitz Ran- 
dolph emig. to N.E. in 1630, and afterward 
settled in N. J. His father, of the same name, 
was an officer of the 4th Pa. Regt. in tlie Rcvol. 
war. Jacob began practice in Pliila. ; m. the 
eldest dau. of Dr. Physiek ill 1822 ; and soon 
attained eminence as a surgeon. Surgeon to 
the almshouse in 1830; a surgeon of the Pa. 
Hospital from 1835 to bis death; and in 1847, 
after having been some time lecturer upon clin- 
ical surgery in the Pa. U., was made prof, of 
that branch. He pub. a Memoir of Dr. Phys- 
iek in 1S39, and contrib. many valuable papers 
to medical journals. Mcmberof the A moriean 
Philos. Soc. and of the Coll. of Surgeons, and 
a consulting surgeon to the Phila. Dispensary. 
— Gross's Amer. Med. Bio;;. 

Randolph, John, of Roanoke, orator, b. 
Caw.>..ii-,Clie-trrfieldCo., Va.,2 June, 1773; d. 
Phila. 24 May, 1833. Jolin his father was the 
son of Col. Richard of Curies, who m. Jane Boil- 
ing, gr.-granddau. of Pocahontas, and who was 
treas. of the Colony. His father d. in 1775, 
and in the autumn of 1778 his mother m. St. 
George Tucker. In 1 784 he was sent to Ber- 
muda for his health, which was much improved 
there ; and he passed his time in reading the 
best English authors. In 1787 he studied at 
N. J. Coll., and in 1788-90 at Col. Coll., N. Y. 
In 1799 he entered Congress from the Ch.arlotte 
Dist., which he represented till 1829 with the 
exception of 4 years, holding in 1825-7 a seat 
in the U.S. senate. He was a Democ, a par- 
tisan of State rights, and a political fVieiid of 
Jefferson. About the end of lf<04 he was app. 
chief manager of the impeachment trial of 
Judge Cliase ; became estranged from .Jefferson 
about 1806; separated from his political asso- 
ciates ; tried to defeat the election of Madison ; 
opposed the embargo and the war of 1812, and 
was, in consequence, defeated in the election of 
1813. He opposed the recharter of the U.S. 
Bank in 1816, and the Mo. Compromise Bill 
of 1820, because it prohibited the extenion of 
slavery, at the s.anie time stigmatizing the 
Northern men wlio voted for it as "dough- 
faces." One of his mo.t marked ellbrts was 
his speech in 1822 against a resolution of sym- 
pathy for the Greeks, then struggling lor inde- 
pendence. In 1826, after the ajip. by Pres. Ad- 
ams of Mr. Clay as sec. of slate, he insulted 
Clay in a speech, alluding to the all'air as a 
"combination of the Puritan with the Idaek- 
Icg." His apologist Garland admits that "ho 
indulged in language of the grossest jiei'sonal 
insnlt." In the duel that ensued, Randolph's 
pistol went off before the word : Clay fired witli- 
out cfl'cct, and his adversary then "threw away 
his fire. He supported Jackson for the presi- 
dency in 1828. and in 1830-1 was minister to 
Russia, returning home in feeble health. He 
sympathized with the nullifiers of S.C. He 
died as he was about taking passage for Europe. 
By liis wi I he manumitted his 300 slaves, mak- 
ing provision for their suppoi't. He was never 
mariied. He was a man of genius, of ready 
■wii, and a master of sarcasm and invcetiye. 
"He was like an Ishmaelite," says Garland ; 
" his hand against every man, and every man's 



."i4 



ha.p 



hand a.-ain.'t biiii." HUi p<'rsonnl u|>m"ariincc 
Binl voice wiTi> (KTuIiar, aud hi< i>i»\-<.li<> wciv 
iiion- lully auJ conwtly n'ponwl tlirtii ihii><'of 
any otlur iiiem'.«T of Con^n-ss. — S,r Lif, ?»y 
Gar'.UHd, 2 vol*. 1S50; Puiion'i Fiimims Amrr- 
iciiiis, l^67; Lttttrs of Jului A'iuk/iV/iA Io a 
YoMHj f.'thtnr. 1834. 

Randolph, 1'eytox, first nns. o( Con- 
t-R-ss I.. Vk. i:j,J; <I. Pliila. Oct. 22,1775. 
Win. nnil .M. CVll. Ilcwint to Kn^'. ; studied 
law at tlic Temple ; com. (iraciice on liis n-turn ; 
and ill 1 748 was kinji's aiiy.-^-cn. lor the Colony ; 
niemlHT of the hou*.' of bur^-s-es, and was 
placed at the h«id of a com. to rvvije the colo- 
nial laws; in 1764 he divw up an address from 
tiie li. of burgesses to the kin;.' a;:ainsl the jui" 
n>^\- ol the .Stamp Act ; « .la cho8<'n .».p«'aker in 
A;>ril, 17GG, and resi^'ne<l the ollii-c of atty..gi>n. 
H was prominent in all the measures of opjio- 
tiiion to the li;n^:.i^h port. ; and was chairman 
of the com. of convsp. in 1773, which by its 
Kvommendniions brou;;ht alwnt the mivtin;: of 
the lii^t I icn. Cong, at Phila. He was sent a del- 
e-piate to that assembly, and was elected its lirat 
pros. Sept. 5, 1774. Manh 20, 1775, he pn.^ 
sided at a i-onvcniion of dele;^tcs assenib'eu at 
Klchmoud, and was a^ain electeil to Con^jri'Ss. 
lie nsumed his situation as s^K-ak. r of the b. 
of bur^'.sses for a short time m M.iy, and re- 
tumeil to Congress after its adjounmunt ; but 
a stroke of apoplexy soon closed his pairioiic 
c;u\er. Bro. of Joiix, alty.-gen. of \ a., and 
a loyali.-t. who d. I^jndon, .Jan. 1784, a 56. 

Randolph, Col. Thomas Mann, gov. 
V:i. l>l'.i-2i>, li. Ya. ; d. MoniiivUo, June 20, 
1828. His j;iandfatiKr, Col. Wni. of Tucka- 
luie, d. 1745, in which year bis father was born, 
lie ni. a dan. of Pres. .lelierson ; was app. eid. 
20t;> Inf. M;mh 3, 1813; aud was M.C. from 
Va. iu 1803-7, and a mcuilKT of the Va. legi^l. 
Ilia father, T. M. l!audulph w;i» a meniUr of 
the Vn. conv. of 1775 frvim Cioinhland, and a 
meml'cr of the committiv of safoty. 

Ranney, Kins Percival, jurist, b. 
Bl.uidfoid. Ms., 30 Oct. 1813. His early edu- 
cation was limited. He worked on his father's 
farm in IVxhIoiii, Portage Co., O.; attended a 
coll. at llud.-on tor a short time ; studied law ; 
was adniitteil to praciii-e in 1838; Ixvamc a 
paiiner of B. F. Wade in 1839; mciubex of 
the O. Const. Conv. of 1850, and prominent in 
its delates ; judge of the Sup. Ci. of O. 1851-6 
aud lt>62-4; U.S. dist.-atly.of Ohio 1857; re- 
moved to Cleveland in 1857 ; and in 1859 was 
the unsuccessful Denioc. candidate for gov. of 
Ohio. His bro. Joiix L., a disiing. lawvcr of 
Ohio, b. 14 Nov. 1815, d. Kavenua, 22 Feb. 
18GG. — .1. T. (;,,MlM>m. 

Ransom, <iEs .Thomas Edwakd Okeex- 
riKLD, b. Nonvieh, Vi., Nov. 29, 1834; d. 
Komc, (ia., Oct. 29, 1804. At 12 he mtereil 
llie Norwich I"., a milirary coll. in charge of 
hi.-failur. He wn> taught enginoring. Ixllthe 
V. iu 1>5I ; Kiiiovwl to Peru, 111.; was a civil 
cugr. and land-ag' nt uniil the IMxIlion broke 
out, whn he b came major 11th 111. Vols., and 
oi: its r»M)rganii;ition lieut.-col. On the night of 
Aug. 19, in a brilliant ditsh on Charleston, Mo., 
he was scveivly woumled. He Ud lii.» i\'gt. at 
the a tack on Fort Donelson, when- be was 
u^ain severvly wounded ; was promoted to col. ; 



and w B-. wnundi <1 in the head at Shiloh ; in .Tunc, 
I^G2, he bvaine chief of tlcn. McCleniand's 
stall", and in>p.-gen. of the Army of T< nn. ; O.t. 
10 he was nuide brig.-gen. vol*. ; in Nov. he or- 
ganized a suci-e-sful expinl. again>t Col. WwhI- 
nifl's Confitl. forw near Gettysburg ; dialing, 
at Vicksburg ; he led a divi>ion ihiring the Ueu- 
river cain|Hkign, and, when Medemanil was 
ill, com hU corps; at the battle of Sabine 
Cnws Koads, Aiiril 8, 1 S64, he was scverily 
wound tl iu the knee. Suh^-qiicntly as<ign. d 
to com. the 4th div. 16lh corjis, he was ihence 
nrnmoted to com the Kthcoqw. HeniaiMf >t d 
in bis brief but brilliant caiver great mi itary 
capai itv. 

Ransom, Trtm vx B., col. U.S.A., h. Vi. ; 
ki K'^l Sept. 13, 1>47, .at the head of his n-gt. in 
Btonning Cbapulteix-c At one time a niaj.- 
gen. of militia. Pn.s. of Norwich U.Vt. App. 
major 9tb Inf. Feb. 16, 1847 ; i-ol. Mai\h 16, 
lsi7. — (Miri/mr. 

RantOUl, KonERT.Jun., lawvcr ami politi- 
cian. I>. Ue>erlv. .Ms., 13 Aug. 1805; d. \Va,h- 
ii.gtou, D.C. 7 Aug. 1852. ll.U. 182fi. S<in 
of HonERT (l«. Salcin, .Ms., 23 Nov. 1778; il. 
Beverly. 24 Oct. 1858). a mciiil>cr of ihc 
legi^l. 'in 1809-;!3, oxcepiing in 1827; of the 
Const. Coiivs. of 1820 and 1853; nn honot 
jKiliiielun, and a friend of tcm|periince, riluca- 
tioii, and ("cace. The son ht-gan practice at 
So. Ucnding in 1827 ; n-inovcd to (.iloiici-stcr 
in 18.33, and in 1838 to Boston, and had a very 
siicees>ful cnri-er at the twr. MeinluT of the 
lesir'l. fiom Gloucester in 1833-7 ; meuiKr of 
ilie Boanl of Education from 18.17, devoiing 
to ii his most uselul lalors ; col Io lor of the 
jiortol Bo. ton 1843-J; U S. disl.-aiiy. for Ms. 
11)1845; Us. sen. lor a part of the iiiiexp lerin 
of Mr. ^Vell^t.r in 1831 ; and .M C. Iroin 1831 
Io bis deaili. He was an ultra reformer, cnr- 
ruii:; his Deinw. principles even into ilie iiMie 
of jurisprudence; and synipatliitol with the 
mas.cs, with whom lie was exceeilingly |>opu- 
lar. He pub. an address lo the working-men ; 
maile a report and >pevcb in the legi-l. on cap- 
ital punishment; and deliveivd spt-echesnpiinst 
the Kugitivi^>lave Law, and on other exciting 
topii-s. He wrote with great force ami clear- 
ness (or the period, pros. A vol. of his writ- 
ings, with a Memoir, was pub. by Luther Ham- 
ilton, 8vo, 1854. 

Raphall, Rev. Morris Jacob. Ph. Pr., 
piisior ol the Cong. " Bnai Jeshuruii," b. 
Stoikbolin, Sept. 1798; d. New York, June 
23, 1808. Educated at the Jewish Coll. in 
Co|>enh^igen, he went to Eng. in 1812; stnd- 
ictl nt the U. of Gei>sen from 1821 to 1824; 
returned 10 Eng. in 1825; and in 1834 licgan 
the llthitic lltiirir, llie first Jcwi?h periiHlieal 
pub. in Eng. In 1840, during the ii-rscciuion 
ol ihe.lews in Svrin, he was sti:. to the eliief 
r.ddii in Eng. In conjunction with Dr. Sola, 
he tiHiisIated 18 treaties of the " Mishna." In 
1841 he was app. rabbi of the Birmingham 
Synagogue, ami concerned in the hui dmg of 
the Hebrew National Scho<d. He afterward 
pub. a number of treatises in defence of Juda- 
i>ni. In 1847 he wrote an address to the eltx"".- 
ors of l^judon, contributing greatly lo the 
election of Hoth<<-hild to iMrliamcnt; in 1849 
he came to the U.S., and was called to the 



Tt^F 



TIATW 



Grcciic-st. Synagogue, afterwnnl to timt of 
\\\-t .14111 St". He translated " Maiiuoiiides," 
" I lie Book of Principles," some works on 
etiiies, ami piirtions of the Bible; ami pulj. 
"Tlie Festivals of tlic Lor-l,"I»40; " Devo- 
tio'ial Kxercises for the l)an;;liter» of Israel ; " 
" The Paili to Immortality," 1S.59 ; " The Bible 
View of Slavery," 18G1 ; "Judaism Defended," 
8vo, 1849; ""I'ost Biiilical History of the 
Jews," 2 vols. 8vo, 1856. On leavinj; Birming- 
ham in 1849, a purse of 100 soverei|,'ns was 
presented to him by the mayor and jaineipal 
inhabitants, with an address acknowled^'in;^ 
his eminent services in the eaiisc of ciliication 
and to the public institutions of the city. 

Kapp, Georgk, the fiiiinder of the liar- 
iruny Society, Keonotny, I'a., b. Wurtemherg 
in W70; d.'Auj;. 9, 184T. In his youth he 
believed that ho had e.\perienced a divine call, 
anJ that he was charged with the restoration 
<.f the Christian religion to its original purity. 
He dill not long rcmfine I'.iniscif to spiritual 
matters, but formed the plan of a community 
organized on the model of the primitive church, 
with goods in common. Being hindered in 
this project by tlic State, he einig. to Amor, in 
1803 with a band of followers of his own pecu- 
liar religious, social, and political views. They 
first settled in Butler Co. in 1805 ; from there 
they removed in 1815 to the Wabash, and built 
the vilhigc of New Harmony, which was pur- 
chased in 1824 by Robert Owen ; andRajip and 
his followers estalilished themselves at Econo- 
my, I'a. They own 3,500 acres of land, and 
carrv on the m miif. of wool, cotton, silk, and 
Hour 

Rarey, John S., horse-tamer, b. Franklin 
Co., t)., 1S:;8; d. Cleveland, O., Oct. 4, 181)6. 
At an early age he displayed tact in the man- 
ugenient of horses, and by degrees worked out 
hi' own system, gaining prolit and celebrity. 
In 1856 he went to Texas, and on his return 
to O. began to give public exhibitions, which 
he extended to Europe. One of his greatest 
triumphs was in Eng. over the racing colt 
" Cruiser," which was so vicious that he had 
killed one or two grooms, but was completely 
timed and brought to America by Mr. Karey. 
In 1SG3 he was employed by govt, to inspect 
and re|iort on the horsesof the Potomac Army. 
Author of a treatise on Horse-Taming, repub. 
in ICuL'. in 1858. 

Rathbun, Valentine, b. Stonington, 
Ct. , 1 72-'i, was a clothier, and pastor of a Baptist 
church in I'ittsfield, Ms., in 1772-80; then 
joined the Shakers in Ilaneock, but left them 
3 niomlis alter, and pub. against them " Some 
Uriel Hints of a Religious Scheme," &e., Hartf., 
1781, of wnich 5 editions were issued. His 
bni. David remained with them 4 years, and 
ill 1785 pub. a more full account of their delu- 
sion. 

Raucb, Fuederjck Augu-stcs, D.D., b. 
Kiiclibraclit, Hes.se-l)armstadt, 1806; d. Mer- 
eersburg. Pa., Mar. 2, 1841. U. of Marburg, 
1827. Prof cxtraor.U.ofGcissen, 1830. Came 
to America in 1331 ; prof, of German in Laf. 
Coll. ; prineimil of the high school of York, 
and then of >Iercersburg 1 8.'i2-6 ; pre?, of Mar- 
shall Coll. 1836-41. Author of Psvchology, 
1840; "The Inner Life of the Christiao." 



Pub. one or two works in Germany, and lefl 
untinishi'd a work on ethics. — Alliljime. 

Raum, Green B., soldier and politician, 
b. Golcunda, III , Dec. 3, 1829. With a com- 
mon-school education, he studied law, and 
practised 16 years, acquiring a lucrative busi- 
ness. An antislavery Democrat, he made the 
first war speech in Southern Illinois, Apr. 2'i, 
IS61. at Metropolis ; was made maj. 46tli Rcgi. 
in Sept. ; participated in the siege and subse- 
quent battle at Corinth, where he led his regt.; 
was made col. July 31, 1862; brcv. brig.-gcn. 
Aug. 1864; brig.-gen. Dee. 1864; in the cam- 
paign of Central Mpi.; that of Vicksburg, com. 
the 2d brig. 7th div. I7th corps at its ^un■en- 
der; was severely wounded at Mission. Uidge; 
rejoined his command at Huutsville, Ala., Feb. 
15, 1864; held Rcsaca against Hood's army; 
aecoinp. .Sherman in the march t > the sea ; and 
resi-iiL-d .May 6, 1865. M.C. 1867-71. 

Ravenscroft, John Stark, D.D., bi.shop 
of X.C, b. Blandlbrd, Prince George Co., Va., 
1772; d. Raleigh, Mar. 5, 1830. Son of Dr. 
John, wlio removed with his family to Great 
Britain two months after he was born. He re- 
turned to Va. at the age of 16, after receiving a 
good classical education in Scotland, to secure 
the remains of his father's property. Entered 
Wm. and M. Coll. with a view to the study of 
la\y; m. and settled in Lunenburg Co., Va. 
Becoming a member of the Epis. Church in 
1815, he was adm. to holy orders in 1817 ; be- 
came minister of St. James's Church, Mecklen- 
burg Co., where he labored until 1823, when he 
was elected bishop of N. C, and was consce 
May 22. He took charge of the congregation 
at Ralciirb, which in 1828 he gave up for that 
at Williamsburg. Two vols, of his sermons, 
with a .Miinoir, were pub. 8vo, 18.30. 

Rawdon, Francis, Marquis of Hastings, 
a British gen., h. 9 Dec. 1754; d. 28 Nov. 1826. 
Son of Earl Moira. Was grad. at Oxford ; 
entered the army in 1771 ; embarked for 
America as a lieiit. 5th Foot in 1775; and 
at Bunker's Hill received two shots in his cap. 
He became aide to Sir H. Clinton; disting. 
himself at the battles of L.I. and White Plains, 
the attacks on Forts Washington and Clin- 
ton ; was made adj. -gen. in 1778, and raised 
and com. a corps called the Volunteers of Ire- 
land. Disting. himself at Monmouth, he was 
sent with a small army to S. C. ; eft'ecled a 
junction with Jx)rd Cornwallis; and at Cam- 
den, 16 Aug. 1780, led a division. After Corn- 
wallis's departure for Va., Rawdon fortitied 
himself at Camden. At the battle of Hob- 
kirk's Ilill, 25 Apr. 1781, he attacked Greene, 
and coinjpcllcd him to retreat; he then re- 
lieved Ninety-six, and took post at Orange- 
burg. Rawdoii's last net, previous to leaving 
this country, was his ordering the execution of 
Col. Haync, — a cruel and unjustifiable act. for 
which he has been generally condemned. While 
on his return-voyage, he was taken by the 
French, and carried to Brest; March 5, 1783, 
he was made a baron, and aide-de-camp to the 
king; in Oct. 1789 he suceeedcd to the tiile 
of his uncle, the Earl of Huntington; and in 

1793 became Earl Jloira and a maj -gen. ; in 

1794 he served under the Duke of York in iho 
Netherlands. Intrusted in 1812 with the for- 



RA.-W 



7o6 



RAY 



mation of a ministry, he win rewanloJ with 
the onlcr of the Garter, unJ the guv.-gciieruley 
ot Britirih Indiii, which he held 'J years, return- 
ing in ill health in 1$22; in March, IS24, ho 
wii.> muilo gov. anil cum. -in-chief uf Mulia; hut, 
hii health failing, he left his govt., ami died on 
board " Tlio Keveiigc " in llie Bav of Uaia. 

Rawle, Willi A.M,LLU. (N.j. Coll. 1827), 
au einlneut jurist, l>. I'liila. April 28, 17j9; d. 
April 12, 1836. After pursuing his legal stud- 
ies in X.V., Lond., and I'aris, on his return, in 
1783, he established himscit in ^iraeticc in I'hila., 
where he passed his life, disting. for .scientific 
and classical as well as legal atuinincnts. In 
1789 he was elected to the Icgisl., and in 1791 
was app. by Washington disl.-atty. for the 
State, but was decidedly averse to politics, and 
resigned in 1799. lie was an active member 
of many lit. and scientihc associations, and was 
the first pres. of the Pa. Hist. Society, to whose 

iirinicd Colls, he made re|)eated conuibuiions. 
11 1S22 he was chosen chancellor of the I'hila. 
b.ir, belore whom he delivered several discourses, 
which were pub. His other writings comprise 
" A View of the Constitution of the U. S.," 
and n New Civil Code, prepared by a coinmiss. 
appointed to revise, collate, and digest the Pa. 
statutes. A Memoir by T. J. Wharton was 
pub. Phila. 8vo, 1S40. His son Willi .v.M, 
Jun. (1789-lSJS). pub. several vols, of Pa. Uc- 
poris, and an Address before the Phila. Law 
Acad. 1835. Willia.m Henry, son of Wni., 
Jun., b. Phila. 1823. Author of " Law of 
Covenants forTiile," 8vo, 3d el. I860. Editor 
of J. W. Smith's " Law of Contracts," 8vo, 
1853; and of William's "Law of Real Prop- 
crtv," 8vo, 1857; "Equity in Pa.," 8vo, 1868. 
—'Allibone. 

RawlingS, Col. Moses, Kcvol. officer ; d. 
Hampsliire Co., Va.. May. 1809. Ue com. a 
Ml. Idle regt. at Fort \Vashington, and. after 
a lir.ivc rcsistaticc. was captund on the fall of 
that fnrt, 16 Nov. 1776. 

Rawlins, Gen. John A., b. Gnilford. III., 
Feb. 13, 1831 ; d. Washington, Sepl. 6, 1869. 
He was a farmer and cbareoal-bnrii. r until 
IS54. but improved every opportunity for read- 
ing and study. He studied law at Galena ; was 
adni. to the bar in 18.i5, and iiractised success- 
fully until the war Iwgan. Though a decided 
Democrat, and opposed to the war, yet, when 
Sumter fell, he gave his support to the Govt., 
ond Sept. 15 went on the staff of Gen. Grant as 
assistant adj. -gen. (rank of capt.). Biig.-gcn. 
Aug. 11, 1863; brev. maj.-gcn. Feb. 24, 1865; 
chief of staff to the lieut.-gcn. Mareh 5, 1865 
(rank of brig.-gen.); and mnj.-gcn. March 13, 
186.'). He remained upon the staff of his chief 
through oil the trying scenes of the war until 
the victory was won ; and was sec. of war from 
March 11, 18G9. until a few days before his 
death. 

RaWSOD, Edward, Secretarj- of Ms. 1650- 
86. b. Gillinghani, Dorset, Eng., April 16, 
1615; d. Bosion, Aug. 27, 1693. lie was 
connectctl by marriage with the two great 
divines of N.E., Hooker and Wilson, and set- 
tled in Newbury ab. 16;)6. He represented 
that town in the'Gen. Court several years. He 
is believed to have l>oen one of the authors of a 
small book, pub. in 1691, entitled " The Revolu- 



tion in N. England Justified," &c., signed by 
" E.R."and " S.S." Author of "The lienenil 
Laws and Liberties concerning the Inhabitants 
of the Ms.," &c., fol. 1660. A Memoir, wiih 
Genealogical Notices of his Descend.ints, by 
Sullivan S. Rawson, was pub. Svo, 1849. His 
son GniND.vLL, minister of Mendoii (1680- 
1715, H. U. 1678, d. Feb. 6, 1715, a. 56), 
preached to the Indians in their own tongue, 
and was a talented and lienevolent man. He 
pub. Eleciion Sermons, Boston, 16ino, 1709. 

Ray, Is.i.vi', M D., phvsieian, b. Beverlv, 
Ms., Jan. 1807. Bowd. Coll. 1827 (A. M. 
1846). He commenced praciiec in Portland, 
Me., in 1827. 1h 1829 he removed to East- 

fiort, where he studied insanity, and prepared 
lis treatise on "The Medical Jurisprudence of 
Insuniiy," 18.'J8, the 5th edition of which, ranch 
enlarged, is aniiounc>d (1871) as in pre-^s ; in 
1841 he was app. supt. of ilic Statu Insane 
Hospital at Augusta, but in 1845 was mailc 
supt. of the newly -oiabiisheil Butler Ho-pital 
fof the Insane at Providence, R.I. ; now (1871) 
a resident of Phila. Dr. Kay has bei'U a fre- 
quent contrib. to medical and lit. |ierio<lieals. 
Author of " Conversations on Animal Econ- 
omv," 1829; "Education in Relation to the 
Health of the Bruin," 8vo, 1851; "Mental 
Hygiene," 12mo, 1863; " Homicide, Epilepsy," 
8vo (from .Iwicr. Jmir. Insun. Oct. 1867). 

Ray, Joseph, M. D., physician and in- 
structor, b. Va. Nov. 25, 1807 ; d. Cincinnati, 
April 17, 18.'i5. Self-educated, he lieeame at 
the age of 16 a schoolmaster; subsequently 
studied at Wash. Coll., Pa., at Athens Coll , 
O., and at the Ohio Med. College, whence he 
graduated, and bvcaine a surgeon in the Cin- 
cinnati Hospital. In 18.'54 Dr. Kay was npp. 
prof, of mathematics in Woodward Coll. ; and, 
on its reorganization in 1851 as a high school, 
he U'came its iiriiicipal. During the last live 
or si.\ years of iiis life, be was pivs. of the Imaid 
of directors of the House of Kcliigc in the same 
city. Author of several standard text-l>ooks 
of arithmetic and algebra. 

Ray, William, poet, b. Salisbury, Ct., 
Dec. ^ 1771 ; d. Auburn, N.Y.. 1827.' Wiih 
but little education, be tried teaching, and, en- 
gaging in trade, became n bankruiit. He then 
joined the frigate " Philadelphia ' in 1803, and 
was made a prisoner otf th>- harbor of Tri|>oli 
by the Turks when that vessel ran aground, 
del. 31, and detained for more than a year and 
a half During the war of 1812 he was a bri- 
gade major at Plaitsbupg, and tiiiallv settled at 
Onondaga. In 1 80S he publi~hed "Horrors of 
Slavery, or the American Tars in Tri|ioli ; " 
and in 1821 he pub. a vol. of iiocms containing 
also n brief narrative of his sutterings in Tri|ioli. 
— fjrrlirirlil liiaj. 

Raymond, Henry Jarvis. LL.D. (Cn. 
Coll.), journalist and |Kditician, founder of tho 
iV. >". fiin.s,h. Lima, NY., Jan. 24, 1820; d. 
New York, June 18, 1869. U. of Vt. 1840. 
His youth was pas.sedon his father's farm. He 
studied law in N. Y., maintaining himself by 
teaching and by contributions to the S'nc-Yitik- 
ei-, a litcrarj' journal. On the establishment of 
the Tiilunt in Apr. 1841, he became assistant 
olitor, and gained extraordinary distinction ai 
a reporter. Ue made a specialty of lecturer 



R^Y 



757 



X2£IA. 



speeches, and sermons; an J reported Dr. Lard- 
ner's lectures so correctly, that the lecturer 
consented to their publication, with very slight 
alterations, in two octavo vols., with his certi- 
ficate of their accuracy. He was on the statf 
of (he Courier and Enquirer from 1848 to 1851, . 
and in 1847 formed a literary connection with 
the publishers Harper and {Bros., which con- 
tinued 10 years. Durinp; this period he carried 
on with Horace Greeley a controversy upon 
Socialism, afterward pub. in a pamphlet. In 
1 849 he was elected to the State legisl. by the 
Whif;s ; i-c-elccted in 18.50, he was chosen 
speaker, and manifested special interest in the 
school system and the canal policy of the State. 
After the adjournment he sailed for Europe for 
his health, and soon after his return pub. (Sept. 
IS. 1851) the first number of the N.Y. Times. 
At the Whi;; nat. conv. at Baltimore in 1852, 
he made aloii^fspeechin exposition of Northern 
sentiment. In 18.54 he was elected licut.-gov. 
of the State by a large majority. He was 
active in organizing the Republican party, and 
drew up the " Address to the People " promul- 
gated at the nat. conv. at Pittsburg in Feb. 
1856, and spoke frequently in the following 
pres. canvass for Fremont. He also took a 
prominent part in the pres. canvass of 1860 for 
Mr. Lincoln, and warmly supported the war 
against the seceding States. Elected to Con- 
gress in 1864. he sustained the reconstruction 
policy of Mr. Johnson. Author of" A History 
of the Administration of Presiilent Lincoln,*' 
1854; "A Life of Pres. Lincoln," 1865; and 
" Life of Daniel Webster," 2 vols. 12mo, 185.3. 
As a journalist, he had no superior in the 
country. 

Raynal, William Thomas Francis, a 
FrL-nch political «Titer, b. St. Gfniez, 171 1 ; d. 
Passy , Mar. 6, 1 796. lie became at an early age 
aJiBuit, but quitted them in 1748, and went to 
Paris, where he disting. himself as a writer. 
Euili.arking in commercial pursnits, he was led 
to compose Ids " Histoire Phdosophique et Po- 
litique des KtaUissemens et da Commerce des 
Euroji^cns dnns les deux Indes," first pub. in 
1770, of which a greatly improved edition was 
pub. in 10 vols, some years later. Its freedom 
of opinion, and boldness of remark upon au- 
thority of every description, caused the parlia- 
ment of Paris to order it to be burnt, and its 
author to be arrested. In 1781 he pnb. his 
" Tithleau et litfcotutions des Colonies An(/laises 
dan^ I'Amifrique Sept.," 2 vol?. 12nio. Its blun- 
ders were at once pointed out in a pamphlet by 
Thomas Paine. In 1790 the National Assem- 
bly cancelled the decree passed against him, 
anil in 1791 he addressed a letter to the Con- 
stittient Assembly In defence of the rights of 
prop'Tty. He i«caped th(! tyranny of Kolies- 
pierre, but was stripped of his property, and 
died in indigence. 

Bea, Gev. .Johv, Revol. officer ; often a 
member of the State legisl.; M.C. 180.3-11 and 
181.3-15; d. Chambcrsburg, Pa., 6 Feb. 1829, 
a. 74. 

Read, Daniel, mnsical composer, b. Rc- 
hoboth, Ms., 2 Nov. 1757; d. N. Haven, 18.36. 
Pub. "Aracr. Son_'-Book ; " "New Coll. of 
P>alra-Tuni'9," Dedhain, 1805; "Columbian 
Harmonist," 1793; author also of "Green- 



wich," " Windham," and other popular tunes 
Ho was a comb manuf. in New Haven. — lieea 
Family. 

Read, George, signer of the Dec], of In- 
dep., b. Cecil Co., Md.', 18 Sept. 1733; d. New- 
castle, Del., 21 Sept. 1798. His father came 
from Ireland ah. 1726, and settled in Newcas- 
tle Co., Del. George was carefully educated 
at Chester, Pa., and at New London under Dr. 
Allisou ; was adm. to the bar at 19,and in 1 754 
began practice at Newcastle ; atty.-gen. of Kent, 
Sussex, and Delaware Counties 1763-74; nicni- 
ber of the Icgi.sl. of f)el. 1765-76 ; member of 
the Cont. Congress 1774-7, and a member of 
its first naval committee in 1775; vice-prcs. 
of Del. in 1777, and acting pres. after the cajv 
ture of Pres. McKinley; pres. of the convention 
which In 1776 formed the first const, of Del., 
of which Read was the author; and also a 
member of the conv. that framed the U.S. Con- 
stitution ; again member of the Assemb'y in 
1779-80; app. in 1782 judge of the Court of 
Appeals in Admiralty Cases; in 1785 one of 
the justices of a special court in a territorial 
dispute between Ms. and N.Y. ; U.S. senator 
1789-93 ; and from 1793 to his d. chief justice 
of Del. His son George, dist.-atty. for Del. 
17S9-1809, d. Newcastle, 3 Sept. 1836, a 70. 
John-, another son (b. 7 July, 1769, d. 13 July, 
1854, N.J. Coll. 1757), succeeded N. Bidd'le 
in the Pa. senate. Pub. " Arguments on the 
Bri'ish Debts," Phil. 1 798. — See Life luid Cor- 
rcspoiidence bi/ ]Vm. Tlionipsnn Read, 8vo, 1870. 

Read, George Campbell, rear-admiral 
U.S.N., b. Ireland; d. Phila. Aug. 22, 1862. 
Midshipra. Apr. 2, 1804 ; lieut. Apr. 25, 1810; 
com. Apr. 27, 1816; capt. Mar. 3, 1825 ; rcar- 
adm. July 31, 1862. After the action between 
the U.S. frigate " Constitution " and the Brit- 
ish fiigatc "Guen-iore," Aug. 19, 1812, in 
wliich his gallantry was conspicuous, he was 
selected to reci'ive the sword of Capt, Dacres. 
Oct. 25, 1812, ha was present in the action be- 
tween " The United States " and " Macedo- 
nian." At (he time of his death he w.as gov. 
of the Phila. Nav.al Asylum. He was a gal'ant 
and courteous officer, and of a commanding 
personal appearance. "Around the World," 
a narrative of a voyage in the E. I. squadron 
under Read, by an officer of the navv, was 
pub. 2 vols. 8vo, N.Y. 1840. 

Read, Henrietta Fanning, b. Jamaica 
Plains, N.Y. Pub. 8vo. 1848, a vol. of dra- 
matic poems, " Medea Erminia," and " The 
New AVorld; " and in F.h. 1848 made her de- 
but as an actress at the old Boston Theatres — 
Moil's Female Po:ts. 

Read, Gkn. .Iacob, Revol. officer, b. S.C. 
1752; d. theiv 17 July, 1816. Descendant of 
" one who held high office in Ga." He studied 
law in Eng., and practis(>d on his return. Mem- 
ber State legisl. ; of the Old Congress 178.3-6; 
U.S. senaior 1795-1802; pres. pro lent. 1797; 
app. judge of the DIsr. Court of S.C. in 1801. 

Read, -Tohn, a distinir. lawver of Boston ; 
d. Feb. 7,1749, a. ab. 72. ^H.U.1697. H' stud- 
ied divinity, an 1 was for some time a popular 
preacher; but studied law, and becami' an eud- 
nent practitioner. He was the first to reduce 
tlie redundant and obscure phraseology of the 
English deeds of conveyance to the simple 



ItElwiV 



ii>S 



iirx> 



fv<rra rHiiT in use. Ilr «l»n hc\i for soiiw (im« 
a 0\>n*;>iciKni» pUcv" in ih.> h«u>»"»f r |>r »nta- 
ti>.s an.l rouncil tlunng Sliirlry'» iiilniiiiistra- 
ti>n. — Kmi y. 

Koad, J>>iiN MKRri>iT!i. I.un. (B.U. 
l-r.<i), Miu of .lohn. nn.l :;nimL*in of lt>^>p^\ 
^i V. r IVv . of Ini IV. 1.. I'liilt. JuU il. irHT. 
r .,: !•, Kl > r. ■ ,1 :,, •'„ ' 1 i-i ISIS; 

I-. . aity.- 

^ • thi> CI, 

. r , - ,,' Court 

ol' r.i. ."-i.vo ..-livi, \' ivv-i.r. >, I'ii. Uw<i. S*x-.: 
ni.- ::;- r Anicr. riiiUxi, Soo. A>s«x-. i-oun*~l 
«-i h Th.vl. Stovons in ISJl in lUl'.nw of C. 
U:i:i«M_. lorcon-tniciJTO tiv-ast^n. At'. lS,Vlh# 
h '^an to adwK-ah" i1h> nrinoi|>K'> of tho lvp«l>- 
lii-an jvirty. Auihi^r ol it prvai nuinl>cr of puh. 
ailiirv -*.-s, K-^l oi>iuions. sjnivhos. »"ic. : tor • 
lis! oi « ;iii-h, skv Allil^mo's " Uiot. of Aiultors." 
His son John Merkoitii. Jun.. oousul-pn. 
to Riri* >S69. K Phil*. lS.-«:. B.l". ISJS; AI- 
Kiny I^ixv School. IS59. AJm. lo I'hila. l«r 
IS5J. .Ml"! rviiiovol to Albany. A<lj.-^-n. >>( 
X.Y. ilurins tho K^bi-llion ; in<>ir>, «ii<l orin- 
n*l tnisi»v of C»>mo;l l". Author of " Tho 
R<<laiit-<n of thi- Soil to I'Unt* .imi Animal*." 
1S60: ■■ llist, In.juirx- oonivmins; llon<lrii.-k 
HuiImwi," &*•., Svo. I "^66. Ho <» IK>«' fiupUm-d 
on a ih-w Ijtv." of UuijMin, to lx> ill«!"tr»t\>l by 
Bi.>r-t.i.lt. Authvir «l*.i of ivx-a-jonal pi.>oins, 
an.) o hor coatril*. to |iorio>lio;Us, ni\rsi>api-rs 
Jbc.. .m.! UKinhor of many Uiorarr and scioniilK 
hoili «, — .l/-./»iiK. 

Re id, Xath.vs, iurisi an<i inrcntor. h. War- 
rn. M-.. Julv 2. JT.l.t; d. B Iliisi. Mo. J:in. 
SO. ISf.V ll.tMTSl; tutorih r\ irsf-r. Stm 
of M;\j. RouK'n Ro;id of tho Ro\-\>l. army. In 
179.% s^-ttKxl in l);u>vor>, Ms>,. and >n;,n»fP^l in 
tho uianuf. of ;WH-liorsi. obain-caMi-*, &o.. « lu'oco 
in I.s»<7 ho roinori-d t\> IVIfa^t. M.C. lSiiO-S, 
and wss suh~i<«]ucnily for sonjt' viiirs a juilp> 
and olii-f jusiKv of tho C.O.I*. Ho was tho 
lirst i><"i;ivi;ior for a |uuont in>vntiv>n. N'foro tho 
|\»io;\l-l:>«- h:\d boi-n on,iotoil; ono of tho lirst 
who .ippii-d stoara to tho purix»-<os of navi^., 
haviu:: t-Viu:. 17911 oxjx-riin.-ntv-d on W.nham 
Pond with a Uiat prv>pollo»i by stoam wiiii pad- 
d!o<. in-t \id of w^hi-ols. Ho al-w iu>vnuxl a 
niot'i.vl of ixin.tHnn^j tho action of nindiuills; 
a pl.vn v>f usini: tho t<.irvx> of tho tide by uioauis 
of iv^ ninrs ;U(on>:ito:y lilUxl and omiHirxl in 
siioh a w ly a.-! to pnxluoo a »>"»<' ' -'>-ti>i- 
diiKnnt t\>rras of i>un>pinc-»'n_i 
in;^:n:>ohinos ; and a plan for ■.. 
sion .ind cvinirv-tion of n>ot»i- » 

lovors hir winding up oKxks au.i >>;!Kr pui> 
jxis ». It i» al-o claiimxl tvir hiiu that ho in- 
v.nvil iiil'ular (or uiulii-tubular) s^■aln•Jxlilo^9 
.111.1 hi^h-jiT^Kuro onsnnos, having |\atont<xt this 
inv. as oariy as 17-^S-\il. Ho was a!*i thi- in- 
Tx-ntor of ntanv a;:Tio. iinploiu nt*. Momlx r of 

tho .\v-.<d. of An^ aud Scioncv"s .>»o .WtfJ^M 

AV./. i,j ImrriUHM, j<v., hf l\md RnJ kit 
A>.«»»-. IS7a 

Read, rin»MA» Bfcnvv^N. paintrr and 
p.x-t iv Chostrr Co. Ta . M.ir IS. ISJJ. At 
tho rtco of 17 ho wvnt to Cincinnati, and cn- 
toi>vl a «cul(>tor'« stmlio. hut *«xin «l>or "tiulmi 
p:«'n:"i;; In ItMl ho rrnvKXAl W X Y.. and 
.Mv.n i'i>rto n<>sl<m. when- ho vxvui'i>si him- 
Kif cUiollv in |<(«rtrait-|>ainiinj;. lUi.ibii>liin^ 



hini«rlf in Phila. in I S46, he Ti»ito>I rnm|M> in 
• .■vV); roinnHtl to Cinrlnnaii. and in ISVI woni 
to Klorvnpo. .Mtor a kmc ivsidenco thorv, Ira 
r>tunH>l to Cin< iuiiMli in IMS. Ho puli. his 
tirsi \ol. of p<«-ni> ni Bo>ton in IS47 ; " Lava 
and B.ill«K" rhi!a livIS ; an illnsiralnl op- 
tion ol his poonis. IS.V1 ; " Tho Now Pastoral." 
his lirst Ion:; |xxni. IS-M ; " Tho Huum- bv the 
Soa.'lSiS; •IVHii.id Works' S \ols.,Biw- 
toi\. ISSi); "Tho \Va::\>norof iho Allo-^hanios," 
IS6J; •■ Shondan'i Knlo. and oihor Pix-m*," 
Sro. ISM : •• IVwms," now ixj. ."> vol*. ; " OvhxI 
Sainaritaus." a porin, 1S67 ; and in IS4S ixlit- 
inI a coll. of " Sjx-cuiwns of llio Kouiale l\xi» 
of Amor " Amon-^ his l>o>t picturoa aro the 
" lA»st Ploia>l," tlio •• Water-Sprite," and 
" Lontffollow's Cliildron." 

Reagan, John H.. posim.-con. of ilio Cunt 
Stau-s. I-. Ss'xior Co., Tcnn.. l>ot. S. ISIS. Ho 
siudiiM law. and was adtn. to tho bar. Settled 
at Pido^tinc. ToNat ; was apjv dop. sunvvor in 
1S40; in l.<46 prv>l>nlo jud;:o. and col. ol mili- 
ti.i; moiulx-r of tlw kvisl. in IS47; jud;ro of 
tho Disi. Court IS-SJ-7; IX-m»c. .M.l' ISJ7- 
61 ; and frvm M.ir 1, 1S61. to A\v. 1S65. |x>st- 
mastor-jwn. of iho Conftxl. Stat«. Some time 
a prissMior at Kort Warivn. 

Reddoa, I.av r.\ C. ( •• Howanl Cly ndon "). 
h S«>niorsot Co., .\|d. I»st hor hoaringat tlie 
acf of li. and is sil'l dial". Author. f " Nota- 
ble Men of tho .■?7th Con-.," 1S6S : •• Id.\ Is of 
Bsttlo, and PiH-ms of the Uclicllion." N.Y., 
1*64. KditiM in lSb<l a de|uninont of tho &. 
l/mit PiysfylfrriiH. an<l has conlrih to the .Ifiv 
/.V^>i«i<>.i« and //ii.^Ki'j UV.i/» ii«^l Mmtht^. 
Somo of hor (xxMns aix- in " I-oval L>rics," and 
in •• Ballnds of the War." — .i/,7,.^ 

Rodfleld, Iskxo Kletciikk. I. UD.. jurist, 
b. WoilH-iTitiold. Vt , Apr. 10. IS<H. I);\rtin 
Coll. 1&J5. Bo-.-an praoiice at IVrhy, Yt., in 
lSi7. afterward in W indsor, Yt. ; and in 1S61 
rvraove»l to Boston. Ststes atty Rw t^rloani 
Co. 1S;12--J; jn.lsc of tlio Yt. iSup. Jud. Ct. 
lS».V-iS ; chief jn»:ico lS.t:t-«l : prof, of mod. 
jnrisprudeneo at Iljrtm. Coll, IS57-6I ; a com- 
mits, to adjust L' S. claims on Uroat B'itain 
1S67 Author of a treatise on " The Law of 
Railways ; " '• L-^w of Carns-rs," " I^radin;; 
.\mrr. Ca!».-s." ■' I,aw of Wills." 3 vols. Sro. 
Kdilor of ■• Groenloal on EvidoiK-e," 3 vols. 
S»v. IStiS; with W. .V. Uorricfc. " Trva;t*- on 
Civil Cloadini; and Praclico." IS6S. X.E. cd. 

Ot lllO /*. ,',I, IjllH- /.VjLrfrr- 

Rodfleld, VViLLi.tM C. me<-hanic and me- 
teon.|.>-i,t. h. Middletown, Ct . Mar. M. 17S9 ; 
d. X Y. City, Keh, IS, 1S57. lie was in cariy 
lite a mechanio. bnt, cnuapng in sirarobtiti 
navicatitui. remo>e»l in IS'.'i >" N Y C ;v. Ho 
inn'sli::aio»l tlK>r\<u:;hly t!>, • • of 

tho v»nn(x-!ion of sK-am » 1 

in |\amphlei.s, essays, and pii ■ .:w 

cuvsixl iho C:l«s<s of stoamUvti ,\:, .-;.»>, ilw 
moans of safety, tho oocossity of rar\-l'ul and 
frv>)nont inspection, tho im|>n>iTmont of tho law 
relative to sioam-naxi^nttion, its adaptation to 
tho pur)xvscs >'f n.iti.nial defence, and ihi- sim- 
plilioituin and iinur\>«-i-UM'nt of mnnie <'n:r'ne». 
First pres. of the .Vmor. .\ — , sx-- 

moni of S.-ionce in 1 S4S. II •. .« 

a nK-Ie\>r»liv,;ist. and osperi . --:ul 

toojtrchos into tho phenouieu.^ o - ,o.i ::-. >,,.'nui 



RKD 



759 



am! (.'iiIcK, wlikli he iiliow<'il to Im; Inr^'P |iro- 
(,'nxsivi; u'hii'lwinilii. In 18:^8 lie |iiili. ii |min- 
lilili'l iir^^iii^' the iiii|x>riiiiii'e of ii Kvteiii nf 
niilwinn III <'uniic<'t the lliiil-mi ami iln' .M|ii. 
lie |iii)i iliirin;; hiii lile €ri exav^ nf Hl.ieh 411 
(iirbiiii III ineieiiroloi'V ; iiNi) llie einiilar llii- 
ory III Hoiiiii : "Ormulij).'y III the UiiHIiM 
Kainilv ill llie U.S.," 18.19. A liio^'. ►ki-nh In- 
Denisiin Olninieil wnit |miIi. in i»r,7. lU* mmi 
Ji>ii:< II. Ii kiiiiwn liv hl« inve»ll;^atii>iin into 
hum 'Mil.'., the D.thaniaii, &<'. 

Bed Jacket (.S,u;i»vi;H-,\Tin),eliiif of ihc 
SeiH-ra-. ami ii cel'-braleil oraior, li. IT.'il. near 
lliin'.ilo, N.V.; il.lliire.Ian.'JO, 1«;)0. Oiiriii;,' 
the lliviil. the Si nei-ai (onijhi iiniler the Drii. 
Kianilanl ; anil IiIm aelliily anil intelli'.-enee al- 
triK-ieil ihe rioiiee of the oifiier*. At n riiiiiieil 
liehl lit Tort 8lan\vi.\ in IT'.l to ii''i;i>liale a 
treaty IjeHvein llic U.."^. ami -oine of llie Six 
Naiion I lor the <:eit»ion of lanil", he »pokc very 
floi|iienII> n:<ainKt ihe treaty, wliieh waK, ncver- 
Iheles", iiililieil. A few veari later, Ui il Jaekel 
liinl nil iiiierview with ^Vii-hinK<on, who cave 
iiiin a Hilver ineclal, ivhieh he wore ever nlter- 
waiil. In IHli) he j;nve iiiforinalion to tlie In- 
dian »t;iiit (if the ntt'iii|it iniiile liy 'i'eentn^eh 
to draw the Sitiiea« into the Western coinliin i- 
tion. lie |io«»i«M'il tiileiitsof the hi^lieii order, 
and wan a ihoroii'.'h Indian in liin eoHtiinie, as 
well as in his roiiiciii|,t lor ihe dre-s, lan','ii:i'_'e, 
ami every (liin^ ■ Ihe Ij. loic-in;; to the Knzlish. 
He wan xeeoml lo none in the nnthoriiy of his 
tiilie, and inainiained his |>osiiiiin with creui 

di(;nity. Ili^ cxeellcd as nn orator, usin;; I i- 

tHi'l and li;;iirative lan:;uai;e, eonjoineil with 
enhV, ^raeeliil, and iniprek'-ive cestieiilittions. 
In'lhi' war of 1812 he foii(,'lit (or iheA'. S. 
with the iitinost iiitre|>iility ; and the hravery 
fjf Hell -/aeket was panieniarly eonspienous in 
nil aiMion near Lake Gcorye, Aii(.'- I'), 1812. 
In his later vearn he was a eoiifirined drunkard. 
— .<,.. /.i/i-'l,,/ 11'. /,. .iloiu; 8vo, 1841. 

Bcdman, John, M.I)., an eminent plivsi- 
ciaii. t>. l-hila. l-'eh. 27, 1722; d. there Mor. 
19, 1808. lie mudied at llie K v. Mr. Ten- 
nenl'.s ueail., and tinder Dr. John Kearslcy ; 
spent Home vears in Derinuda, ami then went to 
Kiirope. lie remained I year at the imdieal 
seliuol in Kdinliur;;li, attended Ouy's Hospital 
one year, and also attended lectures, dissections, 
and hospitals in I'ariH. lie irrad. at the V. of 
i.eyden, July 15, 1748; "Alwrlion" lieinR the 
snlj'et of his inan;,'ural dissertation Keturn- 
in;; to I'hila , he ruse to eelehrity in his profes- 
Bioii. In I7.VJ he pnh. a defenee of inoeii- 
lation, and advised the use of mercury, lie 
was I'lieied a physician of the I'a. Hospital on 
its cstalilishimiit, ami afterward the (irst prcs. 
of the Coll. of I'hysicians. — TUh'-r. 

BedWOOd, Ahhaiiam, founder of the Ked- 
wood I.ilirary ; d Newport, U. I., Mar. ."), 1788, 
a. 78. He was u Quaker Irom Antifiia, and 
(tavc iCIOO for the Lihrarv. Its Imildiii); wan 
Hnishid in 17.50. 

Beed, Calkii, Swcdenlmrcinn writer, h. 
W. Uridprwatcr, Mil., Apr. 22, 1797; d. Boston, 
Oct. 14, I8.')4. II. U. 1817. He practised law 
at Yarmoiith until 1827. Son of IteT. John 
Keed. He pnh. "The Ocm-ral Principles of 
Kni^lish (irammnr," 1821. Over 20 years edi- 
tor of the iV. JiiMulem Mmj. Menilitr of 



the (Irm of Cvnis Al(;er & Co., Doslon, 1827- 
.14, 

Beed, D.wid, fonmler ftf the CV/ivW/n/i 
lOqinhr (20 Apr. 1821), h. KiMtoii, Ms., Feb. 
17'J0; d, liosion, 7 June, 187ii. H. U. 1810. 
Son of Kev. Win., Con;;, pastor of ICunton troin 
1784 to his d. 10 Nov. 180'J; I.. Ahin;.'ton, 
Ms., 8 June, I7.M. iJavid t<j«k charge of Iho 
l(rii|;fewater Acail. in 1810; v,-m liien.'>ed to 
preiu'h in 1814; ami until 1819 preached in 
various places in N. li. From the cotninence- 
ment of th • Hiiii.iir until I8ljli he had the as- 
sistance, cdiiori.illy and as eonirili.itors, of 
inativ of Ihe ahlc-t nun of the rnil.irhui de- 
nomination; and hi-i journal exercised a pow- 
erful iiidiieiice ii|)on the piililic mind. He was 
one of the fonndiTs of thi^ Amer. Antislavery 
Soc. in I. '12 * ; nnd was one of the enriient incm- 
iM-rsof the N. K. H. Ccmal. Society. 

Bead, IIicmiv, LL.D, author, h I'liilii. 
July II, 1808; d. on his leiiirn fniin ICnroiic 
in the steamer " Arctic," Sept. 27, 18.')4. U. 
of I'a. 182.0. (Jraiidson of Joseph and IC-ther 
Heed. He studied law in the otlicc of John 
Ser)ienni ; was adin. lo the har in 1829; In 
I8.')l wan npp. assist, prof, of Kn;;Ii-li lit. in 
the U. of I'a. ; a short lime sulisci|iienrly as- 
sist, prof of moral pliilos. ; and i i I8'l.'> nrof. 
of riietorie and Kn;;. lit' He siiiHTinlemled the 
pnh. of uii cilition of Wo.ilsworth's I'oenis, 
j'ninishcd the Lileof his t;randfatlicrforSparks'il 
" Amcr. 15ioi.'.,"anil also niiin'roiis essnvsnml 
reviews fur the periodical press. His principal 
work was eniiiled " lyccmres on I'.U'.'lish Lit ," 
18.'j.'j. In I84-'> he |iul> an iniiiioved edition of 
"Alex. Ileid's Die;. o( the I'.na. Lan;:iia"je," 
in 1847 nn edition of "Oraham's En;;li.h Syii- 
onymes," of " Arnold's I>eciiires on Modern 
llisi.," " lyoril Million's History of En;: ," and 
the poetical works ol Gray. Also author of 
" Ix-etures on the ISriiish I'ocis," I8.')7 ; " Lec- 
tures on Kn^lish Hist., Shakspeare," &• , 
1830. I'lof. Ueed m a ;:rand-ilaii. of Ci-hop 
Wm. White. After his death, his l,ro. Win. B. 
puh. u \'ol. of his miseeilancous jirodiioiions, 
to which a Memoir of his lilu was prefixed. 

Beed, IIolms, cler;;vinan and author, h. 
Newfane, Vt., Auk, 20." 1802. Wms. Coll. 
1820. He studiul theology at Princeton. Old. 
at Park St., Boston, Sept.' 24, 1829 ; nnd from 
Dec. l8.'J0to 18.1.') was a tni.s.sionary in India; 
from Nov. IS.'tS to 1845 was settled at Derby, 
Ct. ; and at New Preston from June 1, 1845, 
U) 1851. He has pub. "The Christian Brah- 
min," 2 vols. 12mo; " Ueisl and Uamsav'a 
Journal in India," l2mo, 18.30 ; " Oo<l in lli-.- 
tory," 2 vols. 12mo; "Memoirs and Sermons 
of \\'..]. Armstrong, D.D.." I2mo; "India 
and People, Ancient and Modem," &c., 8vo; 
" Palace of the Great Kint;; " " Commerce an! 
Christianity," I8mo;" "The Coinin;^ Cri*iit 
of the World," 12mo; and "The Ne;^o Vn>\t- 
lem Solvid." l2mo. 

Beed, Cot,. Iha »c, Ucvol. officer, h. Luncn- 
biirc, Va. ; d. Phila. Sept. 1778. Son of Col. 
Clement Keed. Was a resident of Greenfield ; 
was many years a memlx-r of the h. of bur- 
(,'ess<'s; a signer of the non-iin|«)riation nnd 
mercantile assficialions in 1709 and '70; a 
member of the State conventions of 1 774 and of 
-March and June, 1775, by which last Ixidy ho 






rco 



REIE 



wns npp liout.-<?ol. 4th Va. Rogt. Feb. 13, 1T76; 
and w.is pnimi>tc«l to col. Aug. 13, 1776. — 

Reed, .Ivuk«, brig.-p?n. Revol. nrmv, b. 
Wuliiini, Ms., 1724; U. Fitchburj;, Mi.', 13 
Fi'h. 1807. He com. a comjmny iimkr Col. 
Brown in ibe French «ncl Inilinii war in I7.'i5; 
wiis wiih AlHTcroniliio at 'I'icomloropi in 175S, 
and with .\nihor>t in 17."i'.>. In 17fi.5 he H-ttlcd 
in ill- town of Fitzwilliani, N.ll., of which he 
Wii.'* an oriirinal pniprirtor. Made a licnt.-col. 
in 1T70; in May, l.'7.">, ho com. the 2d. X. H. 
Re^t. at Cambrid^rc, with which he did pood 
Bcnicc at BniikcrV Hill, holding the rail-ioncc 
with Stark, ami pivtoctiiig the retreat of the 
main Ixjily from the ntloiibt. Joinin-: the annv 
in Caiiniin inider Sullivan early in I77C, lus 
rvjrt. snrtcr-d severely from small-i>ox, and 
Rec<l hinii<>h" was attacked, and nliimately lost 
his si;jht. Made bvi;:.-p'n. 9 Aug. 1776. he 
qiiittot his sick-licd, inca[«K'itated for fnrlher 
service, and retirwl to hi-i forimr i\-sidcncc. 
Hi.s son Sylv.\xi"s sen-ed thron;.rh the war; 
«-:is ad), ill Sullivan's c;impaign of 1778 ; nftcr- 
ward^col ; d. 1798. 

Reed, Jons. n.D. (U.U. 1803), Unitarian 
clcrgvinan, ami MX'. 1795-1801, b. Framing- 
ham," Ms., Xov. 11, 17.-)l; d. Feb. 17, 18.!1, in 
\Vc>t Pndwwatcr. Y. C. 1772. Son of 
Solomon, mini>ter of Middleborongh. After 
spending one yearascha]ilain in the U.S. naval 
s-.rviiv. he w.i's sottleil at W. B., M^, .Inne 7, 
17D0, preaching tlvre for 51 years. His two 
prvK-f-s.sors, 1). IVrkins and J. Keith, occu- 
pii-d 116 years. Hi-< o]iiiiions on ecclesiastical 
aflhirs were so just and accurate as to have re- 
ceived the approbation of courts and judges, 
A result of an ecclesiastical council dra«Ti np 
by him has Ix'cn in siiKstancc adoptetl as the 
foiuulalion of an important decision of the Su- 
preme Court of Ms. I le pub. h.'side occas. ser- 
mons a tn-ati-* on napti-^m. 12mo. He ex- 
cclletl as a inctaphvsici.in and controversialist. 

Reed, .loiix. Sic. i8i.n-i7 ami 1821-41. 

son of IJev. .Tolui, b. W. Brid>jowater, Sept. 2, 
1781 : d. thrv Xov. 25. 1860. B. U. 1801. 
He was pnrcptor of Bridgcwater Acad, one 
venr; tutor in Brown U. 2 years ; then studied 
law, and si'ttle<I in Yarmouth, Sis., where he 
acipiirvd a luenitive practice; and was from 
1844-51 licut.-gov. of Ms. 

Reed, Joskph, statesman, b. Trenton, 
N.J. .27 Anu'. 1741; d. I'hila. 5 Mar. 1785. 
X.J. C..1I. 1757. He stndii-tl law at the Tem- 
ple. I.oiid. : returned in 1765 ; iK'gjin a siicci-ss- 
fiil pnictiiv at Trvnton ; and in 1767 was app. 
dep. sec. of X. J. Revisiring Kng. in 1770, he 
m. F.-ther. dan. of Dennis l)e Berdt. agt?nt for 
Ms., and on his return settled in Phila. ; took 
an active part in politics, corresponding, 
through his F.nglish connections, with l-ord 
Durtmoiith. colonial sec. Mcmlicr of the com. 
of corresp. in 1774 ; pn-s. of the first Pa. con- 
vention in .Tan. 1775; deleg. to Congress in 
May ; and in July, at the solicitation of Wash- 
ington, n-'i^ied a Incrntivc practice, and nc- 
nimp. him to Camhridjre as his sec. ami aide-de- 
camp. Adj. -gen. dnriiiu' the campaign of 
I77'i, he contributol to the sncccsses of Tn'n- 
ton and I'rino-ton. In 1777 he was app. chief 
justice of I'a., and named by Congress brig.- 



gcn. ; he declinol liotli offices, but was presi^nt 
lUs a vol. at the batiK-s of Bnindywine, White 
Marsh, Gemiantown. and Moiiinoiith. Mein- 
Krof Congri'.ss, and i.i 1778 si;..ied the arti- 
cles of confed. In ivnly to the oHtrs of Gov. 
Johnstone, one of the llriti^h |ieacccuniini>>ion- 
ers, Ri-ctl nnswer»-<l, " I am not north punlias- 
ing ; but, such us 1 am. the I., ig of t .r at Brit- 
ain is not rich enough to do it." Pris. ofPa 
1778-81 ; active in sniipri-s.'ing the nvolt of the 
Pa line of the army in 1781. lie ileticte»l and 
ex]iosed the i liarniter of Arnold, whom ho 
brouL'lit to trial for inal]>nictii-e while in ivni. 
at 1 liila. He resnnietl his profe«.-ion at the 
clo.se of 1781 ; and in 1784 visiiid Kng for 
his health, but without K-neficial nsnlf. Dir- 
ing his administration, he a!de<l in foiiuiling the 
U. of Pa. ; favorvil the gradual aliolition of 
slavcrj-, and the iloing-away with the proprie- 
tary ixiwcrs vesteil in the Pciin family. Bnncrofk 
quotes Count Donoii's re|iort to the Bri.'-h 
tien. Gnint. that Col. Rctnl Rvcivcd a British 

Srotei-tion in 1776. (See al>o Hi t. Mag. for 
an. 1869, and Gen. Cadwalader's "Reply" 
to the pub. " Remarks" of Rixtl, addrvssed to 
the former in 1783, sustaining the alli-gaiion.) 
Reed also pub. "Remarks on Johnstone's 
SiKvch, with Pajiers relative to his Pro|>o-i- 
tions," v*ic., 1779. EsTiitR his wife (I). IJond. 
1 747, d. Phila. 18 Sept. 1780) took an active (Kirt 
in providing for the sick and di*litiite soldiers 
of the annv. Her grandson Wm. B. Rivil pnb. 
her M- nioirs, 8vo, 1853. His young\-st son, 
Gkobc.k W., an otficir in the U.S.N'., d. S|>an- 
ishtown. Jamaica, 4 Jan. 1813, a. 32. N.J. 
Colli, 2d lieut. of " The Xaiitilus " in the attack 
on "rriiioli in Aug. 1804; coopenitiHl wiih 
Gen. Faton on the African coiu-t, and com. 
•' The Vixen " in the war of IS12 — ^'tr t.Jr 
anil Coiitfi). of Hifd bij hlf (/iiiim/.^o/i Mbi. li. 
Rc»l, 2 vols. 1847. 

Reed, Coi.. Philip, senator, d. lluniinir- 
ville, Kent Co., Md.. Xov. 2, 1829. A cant, in 
the Kcvol. anny ; U.S. Rnator 1806-13 ; Jl.C. 
lol7-I9 and 1821-3 ; col.of niiiiiia ; com. in it 
tight with a sti|)erior force of Rrili^h seamen 
under Sir Peter Parker, who were defeated, 
and Sir Peter kilk-il, at Moorticlds, East Shon?, 
Md.. Aug. 30, 1814.— (.'".T/-..r. 

Reed, S.vmi^ox. b. W. Bridg»'water, Ms., 
10 June. 1800. II.U. 1818. Mcixliant of 
Boston. Editor .Ymc-CAihcA .I/i"/., and co- 
CHlitor Xrir-Jmsul, m Mai;. Author of " Ol>- 
senaiions on the Growth of the Mind," 8vo, 
1826. 

Reed, Wii.lum, a philanthropic merchant, 
d. Marbleheail, Ms., Feb. 18, 1837. o. 60. 
M.C. 1811-15; prvs. of the S.S. Union, and 
of the Amer. Tract So»-iety ; vice-pres. of the 
Education Society. Besiiles lilieral In'i^ui-sts to 
heirs and relatives, he left $68,000 to various 
bi'nevolcnt objects. 

Reed, Willum BnABroRD. LL.l)., 
grand>on of Gin. Joseph, b. Phila. 30 June, 
ISOrt. U. of Pa. IS22. Atty -gen. of Pa. 
1838; envoy K>xtT. and minister to China 1857- 
8, and negotiateil the treaty niiitiwl Jan. 26, 
1860. Author of "Life and Correspondence 
of Joseph Ret-d," 2 vols. 8vo, 1847 ; " Lift; of 
E>thcr Ree<l," 8vo, 1853; "Vindication of 
Joseph Reed," in rvjily to Bancroft's History, 



REE 



761 



TSBI 



in stvcral pamphlets. He edited tlie posthu- 
mous works of liis bro. Henry, and lias pub. a 
lar^re number of hist, addresses and [political 
I):iiu]ihlLts. Contrib. to the Ainer. Quui-terli/ 
and \. A H,n,w. 

Reeder, Andrew H., lawyer and poHti- 
rian, I), near Trenton, N.J., ab.'l808; d. Eas- 
ton, Pa., July 5, 1864. He passed most of his 
lifo at Easton, where he practised law, and was 
iiitlnential as a Dcraoc. politician, but would 
neicr accept office until in 1854 app. first 
jiuv. of Kansas. The election frauds there 
nuule him a IJcpublican ; and in July, 1855, he 
was removed from office, but was unanimously 
elected by the peo])le as their delegate to Con- 
pnss, and afterward, under the Topeka Con- 
stitution, first U.S. senator. The constitution 
was not ratified by Compress, and he did uot 
take his scat. One of the first to be app. a 
bri;,'.-i:en. at the outbreak of the war, he de- 
clined the honor. Three of his sons served in the 
army. With Hon. Marcus J. Parrott, he pub. 
" Kansas, a Description of the Country," &c. 

Reese, Oavid Meredith, M.D., LL.D., 
snpcrint. of public schools in New York, b. 
Phila. 1800; d. N.Y. City, 1861. U. of Md. 
1820. He practised many years in N.Y. City, 
and was physician-in-chicf to the Bellevue Hos- 
pital. He pub. " Obs(jrvations on Yellow- 
Fever," 1819; "Strictures on Health," 1828; 
" Epidemic Cholera," 1 8.3.3 ; " Humbugs of 
New York," 1 8.33 ; " Review of the First Rep. 
Antislavery Soe.," 18.34; "Quakerism versus 
Calvinism, a Reply to Dr. Co.x," 1834 ; " Let- 
ters to \Vm. Jay in Rejjly to his Inquiry," 
12mo, 1835; "Phrenolofrv known bv its 
Fruits," 1838; " Medical lexicon," 184!j". He 
cilited Chambers's Educ. Course, 12 vols.; 
Cooper's Surgical Diet. ; Neligau on Medicines; 
and Good's " Book of Nature ; " Amer. Med. 
G'lzftti', 1850; contrib. to periodicals. 

Rees, James, b. Morristov^-n, Pa., 1802. 
He was a contrib. to the Sat. E<:enmq Post in 
1S21, to the Pimipme 1834, to the Home 
M'reL-li/, and other periodicals ; was co-editor 
of the Mcchunirs' Free Press 1831 ; editor of 
the Orii malic Mirror 1842, and of the PhiUin- 
lliropisl 1 854 ; has pub. " The Dramatic Authors 
of America," 1842; " Beauties of Daniel Web- 
ster," 12mo, 18.39; "Mysteries of City Life," 
1849; "The Tinker Spy, a Romance of the 
Revol.." 1855; "Foot-Prints of a Letter-Car- 
rier," 1866.; and a number of plays. He has 
ready for the press a work on the Origin of 
I'hrases, the Etymology of Words, &c. — Alii- 
b*mf. 

Reese, Thomas, D.D., Prcsb. clergyman, 
h. Pa. 1742; d. Charleston, S.C., Aug!" 1796. 
N.J. foil. 1768. Ord. 1773. He became j>a.s- 
tor o' the church of Salem, S.C., and in 1793 
of two churches in Pendleton Dist He was a 
disting. scholar and an able preacher. He pub. 
an " Essav on the Influence of Religion on 
Civil Society," and sermons in the American 
Prf'iirlter. — .Spraffiie. 

Reeve, Isaac V. D., col. U.S.A., b. N.Y. 
West Point, 1835. Entering the 4th Inf., he 
became 1st lieut. 8th Inf. 7 July, 1838; capt. 
18 June, 1847; maj. 1st Inf. 14 May, 1861; 
licnt.-col. 1 6th, 13 Sept. 1862; col. (retired list) 
14 Oct. 1864. He scr>'ed against the Sem- 



iuoles of Fla. in 1836-7 and 1840-2; in tho 
Mexican war 184G-7 ; was at the siege of 
A'^era Cruz, battles of Palo Alto, Uesaca de la 
Palma, Cerro Gordo, Chapultepec, and capture 
of city of Mexico; and was brev. maj. and 
lieut.-eol. for Contreras and Churubusco 20 
Aug., and for Molino del Rey 8 Sept., 1847. 
Made prisoner of war by treacherv of (Jen. 
Twiggs at San Antonio, Tex., 9 jilay, 1861; 
exchanged 20 Aug. 1862. — <:'«//«»;. 

Reeve, Tapimxc, LL.I)., lawver, b. Brook- 
haven, L.I., Oct. 1744 ; d. Litelifi'eld, Ct., Dec. 
1.3, 1823. N.J. Coll. 1763. In 1772 he re- 
moved to Litchfield, where he began to prac- 
tise law. In 1 784 he instituted the Litchfield 
Law School, which soon became celebrated 
throughout the Union, and of which he was 
the .sole instructor until 1798, when he associated 
with himself James (iould. continuing to give 
lectures himself until 1820. In 1798-1814 he 
was a judge of the Superior Court. He was 
the first eminent Anier. lawyer who endeavored 
to effect a change in the laws regarding the 
property of married women, and was a Feder- 
alist in politics. He m. Sarah, sister of Aaron 
Burr. He pub. the Law of Baron and Femme, 
of Parent and Child, of Guarilian and Ward, 
&c., 8vo, 1816; treatise on the Law of Descents, 
8vo, 1825. 

Reid, David Boswell, M.D., F.R.S., 
physicist, b. Edinburgh, 1805; d. Washington, 
D.'C, 5 Apr. 1863. Educated at the U. of 
Edinb. He became eminent as a teacher of 
chemistry, and in the application of proper 
ventilation to pul)lie buildings. In 1856 he 
came to the U.S. ; was some time 'prof, of ap- 
plied chetnistry in the U. of Wis., and after- 
ward resided at St. Paul, Minn. ; one of the 
inspectors of the U.S. sanitary com. Author 
of "Ventilation in American Dwellings," N.Y. 
1863 ; " A Short Plea for the Revision of 
Education in Science." 1861 ; and contrib. 
many papers to scient. journals. 

Reid, David S., gov. of N.C. in 1851-5, 
b. Roekmgham Co., N.C, Apr. 19, 1813. 
Studied law, and was adm. to practice in 1833 ; 
was a member of the State legisl. in 1835-42; 
M.C. in 184.3-7 ; U. S. senator 1856-61 ; dele- 
gate to the Peace Congress, Feb. 1861. — 
Lnrnnaii. 

Reid, Geit. George, Revol. officer, b. 
N.H. 17.33 ; d. Londonderry, N.H., Sept. 1815. 
His early education was scanty. He was a 
capt. in Stark's regt. at Bunker's Hill ; lieut.- 
col. of Patterson's regt. Nov. 4, 1775; col. 
N.H. 2(1 at the battle of Bemis Heights, Oct. 
1777 ; and was present at the surrender of both 
Cornwallis and Burgoyne ; in 1785 he was a 
brig. -gen. of militia; and in 1791 was made 
sheriff of Rockingham County. 

Reid, John, a British gen., b. Scotland, 
Jan. 13, 1722; d. Lond. Feb. 6, 1807. Son 
of Alexander Robertson of Straloch. Educated 
at the U. of Edinburgh, and entered the army 
as a lieut. in Loudon's Highlanders, June 8, 
1745 ; app. Juno 3, 1752, capt. in the 42d ; in 
1758 he became major. He served uuiler Am- 
herst in the French war; was woundeil in the 
cx|>ed. against Mariinico, 1762, and promoted 
to a lieut.-col ; in 1763 he was sent to the 
relief of Fort Pitt, then besieged by the Indians, 



162 



RKN 



who were iltfcntcil in tlic well-fo»Klit batllc of 
Biishv Uiin. In the follunin;; siiirnnicr ihf43d 
Buain fornu'il part of nnoihi-r exiK-<l. undir 
Uoiii)iirt n^ain->i tho .Mu^kiii^iiiii Inilians. In 
1765 l.ifiK.-Col. Koiil com. all hi'^ Mujeatv's 
forv<.'< in tlif ili«l. of Kort I'iii ; ami in 1 766 an 
ofBotT of (lie sanu- name is meutionitl as coni- 
maiiilniit at Kuri Clmnrt's, III. In 1771 Licul.- 
Col. K<iil obiaini.-<l a larue Iran of Innil on 
Oiler Cn-ek in Vt., from which, however, his 
tenants were expelleil in 177S hv the people 
of Ilenninjfion. He iHvaine maj.-^^en. Oct. 
1781; lieut.-Bcn. Oct. 12, 1793; gen. Jan. 1, 
1 79.<<. 

Beid, C.kPT. Matne, novelist and soldier, 
l>. in Ihc north of Ireland, 1818. The son of 
a I'resli. minister, he was intended for the 
church : hut a fondness for adventure led him 
in 18.18 to Anier. Arrivinj: at X. Orleans, he 
cnga;p-d in trailing and hunlin: excursions up 
the Hed and Mo. Hivers, and travelled throu):h 
nearly every 8iate in the L'nion. He after- 
ward settled in I'liiln. ; wrote fur nia^'uzines ; 
served in the Mexican war ; and was wounded 
in the assault u|)on rhapulicpec. where he led 
the forlorn ho|ie. lie afterwanl residetl in 
Loud., and has written a series of very (lopnlar 
iMwks lor Iwvs. Anions the best are " The 
Uirte-KanKcrs," 1849; "The Scal|>-Huntcrs." 
1850; "The Quadruon." 1836; and "Os- 
ceola," 1838. An edition of his works in 15 
vols, was pub. in 1868. He established a 
luunihly inaLtuiue in Jan. 1869. 

Held, KoBKRT Kay.vond. jurist, b. Pr. 
William rari>h, S C.. Sept. 8, 1789; d. near 
Tallalias-e», July I, 1841. In carlv lite he re- 
moved to Ga. : 'w.is M.C. in 1819-23; after- 
wanl mayor of Au'.:usta. lie was alsoajud^^ 
of the Supi-rior Court of Ga. in 1816-19 and 
182.V5. In 18-12 I'lvs. J. Q. Adams app. him 
judj."* of the Superior Tonrt for the eastern 
dist. of Fla. ; and in 18.'t9 Pres. Van Buren 
app. him f^)v. of Fla. While holdiu;; his ju- 
dicial ortici- in that State, he was a nienilier of 
the conv. which formed a State constitution, 
over which iHMly he presidol in a cr<.-»iitable 
manner. — Miller, lifiwh ami Bar of (lU. 

Reid, S.vMiKL Chester, a naval offii-cr, 
h. Norwich, Ct.. Au^. 25. 1783; d. X.Y. Ciiy, 
Jan. 28. 1861. He went to sea at II ; was 
capiurol by a Frvncli privateer, and was 6 
months a prisoner at Basscierrv. He served as 
actinj; midshipman on the U.S. ship " Balti- 
more," in Com. Traxton"s W. I. s<)uad. ; and 
durin;; the war of 1812 com. the privati-er brij; 
" Gen. Arinstrons;," with which he fou::lit one 
of the most n'inarkable naval l>aitleson record, 
at Fayal. Sept. 26 and 27. 1814. Her force 
was 7 cuiis and 90 men. She was attacked bv 
the boats of the " Planta:^.>net " (74). " Kota '' 
(44), and " Carnation " ( 18). Beid succeeded in 
thoruu;:hly di^ablinj and defeating the enemy, 
and .scnltltNl hi-* own vessel to prvvent her 
rapture. The British lost 120 killetl and 130 
woiindeil. The Americans had 2 killed, 7 
wounde<l. The attack iijion " The .Vrmstronj: " 
in a neutral )M>rl led to a protracted diplomatic 
corrcsp. ; but the arbitration of Louis Xapo- 
h-on deciileil the case against the Americans. 
Capi. Keid was app. a sailing-master in the 
navv, and held the office till his death. He 



was also warJen of the port of K.Y., and in 
venti'd and erected the signal-telegniph at ilia 
battery and the Narrows. >iiiiimnnicaiiiig wiih 
Sandy Hook, and regulatitl and niiinl>ereil tho 
pilot-iiouts. He is ftUo distiiig. as thedesii;iier 
of the present I' S. flag. — Aji/Jttim. 

Reid, Whitelaw, b._ Xenia, O., 1837. 
Miami L. 1856. Kdilor .Yriii\i AVir» ; co-oili- 
lor O'nci'mnid' Gii:rilr now (1871) managing 
ed. .Y. 1'. Ti-iliuHt. Author of " .Vfter the War, 
a Southem Tour," 186.'>-6. l2uio; "Ohio iu 
the War." 2 vols. 8vo. 186S. — Mlihoitr. 

Reinagle, Alkwnuer, musical com- 
{K<ser. and iiiannger of I'hila and Bolt, ihealn-s ; 
d. Bait. 21 Sept. 1809. a. 61. 

Beno, Ge.s. Jesse L., b. Va. 1823 ; killi-d 
at the l>altle of South Mountain, Sept. 14, 
1862. West Point, 1846. Kulering the ord- 
nance dipt , he was brev. 1st lieut. lor gallantry 
at Cerro liordo; com. a howiiier liatiery at 
the storiiiing of Cliapulte|KV. where he was 
severely wounded, and brev. capt. He was 
afterward assist, prof, of math, at West Point ; 
sec. of ihe boarvl of artillery ; was i mployi'd in 
the i-oastsurvcy and in the cou'-trnctiou of a 
niilitiiry road from Big Sioux to St. Paul. Ho 
accoinp. Gen. Johnston to Utah as ordnance 
officer; was maile Isi licuL of ordnance. Mar. 
3,1853; capt. July 1, IS60; brig.gen. vols. 
Nov. 12. 1861 ; and inaj.-gen. 18 Ji:ly, 1862. 
He com. the 2d brigade in Burnside's e\|icd. 
to N.C ; was distiiig. at the liuttle of liounoke 
Island lor gallaiiiry in leading the attack on 
Fort Bartow ; partici)iate<l in the captun* of 
Ncwbern and other important military o|Kr.i- 
tions ; was or\len-d to reH-nfoii-e Gen. McClel- 
lan on the peninsula in July. 1862; afterwar^l 
juini'd Gen. Pope's army of Ya.. and to-ik |uirl 
in the actions near Manassas at the ctitse of 
Aug. 1862, and com. the 9th cor^)S. At the 
battle of South Mountain he was in advance, 
and eiigageil tluring the whole day ; was con- 
spicuous for his gallantry and activity ; and 
the success of the day was gri-atly owing to 
his ert'orts. 

Bensbaw, James, c«pt. U S.N., b. Pa., 
1784; d. Washington. DC. Mav 29, 1846. 
Midshipm. July 7, 1800; lieut. Feb. 25, 1807; 
com. Div. 10. 1814 ; capt. .Mar. 3. 1825. 

Henshaw, IiicnARi> T.. capt. U.S.N., b. 
Pa. .March 22. 1821. Midshipm. Feb. 26, 
1838; lieut. 1861 ; com. Sept. 22. 1862; capt. 
1869; com. steamer " I.A>usiana," N. All. 
bliH-k. squad., 1861-4; at capture of lioanoko 
Island, Feb. 8, 1862 ; Washington, N.C, SepU 
6, 1862; defence of Washington. N.C, Apr. 
1863; and several minor actions. Cora, steam- 
er " Ma.<.sasoit," N.A.B. squad.. 1864-5; in 
sevenil engagements on James River; com. 
steamer " Agawam," All. squad., 1865-^3. — 

Renshaw, Williah B.. com. U.S.N., h. 

X.Y ah. 1813; d. Jan. 186.1 Midshipm. 1831 ; 
lieut. 1841 ; com. 1861. He com. the s<)uad. 
bhK^kndiiig Galveston, and blew up his ship, 
which had run aground near that city, rather 
than surrender it, and was killed by the cx- 
plovion. 

Renwick, James. I.I..I).. phvsicist, b. 
New York 1792 ; d. thcr\- Jan. 12. 1863. C.d 
Coll. 1807, and from 1820 to 1853 was prof. 



EEQ 



703 



REY 



of chemistry and physics there. The mother 
of I'ruf. Kenwick was a friend and pet of tlie 
poet Burns, who addressed to her some of his 
sweetest poems. In 18.18 he was app. hy (;ovt. 
one of the commiss. for ihc exploration of the 
N. Kiist lioundary hetwecn the U.S. and Xew 
Biun-wiek. liij was a vahialile lontrib. to ihe 
X. Y. licview and to liie Wing lieniuw ; wrote 
Bio^jraphies of Fulton, liittcnliouse, and Rum- 
ford, l.ir Sparks's'' Amor. Bio(;. ; " a " Memoir 
of De Wilt Clinton," N.Y. 1834; a Treatise 
on the Sieani-Eii;;inc, and one on tlic practi- 
cal applications of the principles of mechanics, 
N.Y. 1840. His -Outlines of Nat. Philos.," 
2 vols. Phila. 18-12, was the earlie..,t extended 
work on that subject in the U.S. ; and his "Out- 
lines of Geology." N.Y. 18.!8. preceded liy 
several years any other le.xt-book on that suIh 
jcct. lie also pub. ic.xt-books on chemistry and 
philosojdiy for the use of schools ; "Lives of 
Jav and ilamilton ; " and " Elements of Me- 
ch'ihics," 8vo, 18.32. 

Requier, Augustcs Jclias, poet* and 
lawici, b. Charleston, S.C., May 27, 182:'). 
His fither was of Marseilles; his mother the 
dau. of a Haytien lady, who fled to the U.S. 
upon the servile outbreak there. In 1844 he 
comnici.ced the practice of law; in Oct. IS.iO 
reiuuvdl to Mobile, Ala. ; was in lS.i3 app. by 
I'ita. I'ierce dist.-atty. for the Southern Dist. 
of Ala.; was rc-app. by Buchanan ; resigned the 
office on the secession of Ala. in Jan. 1861 ; 
and a;|ain n.'Ceived the app. from the j^ovt. of 
ihe Confcd. States a few months later. In 1842 
ho wrote " The Spanish Exile," a 3-act play, 
suceesslully performed in Charleston and other 
places, and .soon after pub. " The Old Sanc- 
tuary," a romance, was pub. Boston, 1840. 
Bctwec'n 1845 and 18iJ0 many of his minor 
jioems apeared in the magazines. A coll. of 
Ills poems was pub. in Phila. in 1860; and 
" Marco Bo/.ziiiis," written in 1846, was suc- 
ecs!.|ully j)roduced at the Mobile Theatre. — 
Ajj/il'-foii. 

Revere, Paiji,. engraver and patriot, b. Bos- 
t<.n, .Ja.i. I, I7:« ; d. there May 10, 1818. Of 
liiigu'iiot descent, and was brought up to his 
father's trade of gohlsmith. In 17.56 he was a 
licut. of art., and was stationed at Fort Edward, 
near Lake George. Onhisreturn, he established 
hiiuacif as a goldsmith, and acquiring, unaided, 
the art of copperplate engraving, was, at the 
revolutionary outbreak, one of the 4 engravers 
then in America. In 1 766 he engraved a print 
emblematic of the repeal of the Stamp Act, 
which was very popular, as was also that called 
" The 17 llescinders ; " in 1770 he pub. a print 
of " The Boston Massacre;" in 1774 another 
representing the landing of the British troops 
in Boston ; and was one of the grand jury which 
refused to act because of the action of parlia- 
ment in making the judge independent of the 
people. In 1775 he engraved the plates, made 
the press, and printed the bills, of the paper- 
money ordered by the Ms. Prov. Congress. 
By that body he was sent to Phila. to visit the 
powder-inill'thcrc. and learn the art of making 
powder, anil on his return set up a mill with 
complete success. He was one of those who 
planned and executed the destruction of the 
tea iu Boston harbor; and on the night of 



April 18, 177.1, Warren despatched him hy way 
of Charlcstown to give notice of the British 
exped. to Concord. " The Midnight Hide of 
Paul Revere " is the title of one of Longfellow's 
poems. He was in the unfortunate Penobscot 
exped. of 1779. He was lieut.-col. of a regt. 
of art. in the State service, and, as grand mas- 
ter of Freemasons, had extensive influence. 
After the war, he was engaged in the casting 
of church-bells and cannon; and in 1795 as- 
sisted at the laying of the corner-stone of the 
Boston Slate House. He erected the extensive 
works at Canton, Ms., for the rolling of copper, 
which business is continued by his successors, 
the " Revere Copper Co." First prcs. of the 
Ms. Charitable Assoc. Paul Joseph his grand- 
sou, b Boston, Sept. 10, 18.32, d. Westmin- 
ster, Md., Julv 4, 1863, of a wound received at 
Gettysburg. 'lI.U. 18.-J2. Maj. 20th ils. Vols. 
July 1, 1861 ; col. Apr. 14, 1863 ; wounded and 
made pri-soner at Ball's Blufl'; exchanged in 
Apr. 1862, and served in the Army ol ibe Po- 
tomac until his death. His bro. E. H. R. Re- 
vere, surgeon of his regt., was killed at Antie- 
tam, Sept. 17, 1862; b. July 23, 1827 ; M.D. 
Harv. .Vied. School, 1849. — i/a-f. Mem. B!og. 

Keynolds, Ignatius Aloysius, D.U., 
R. C. bi-hopol Charleston, S.C, b. near Bards- 
town, Kv., of an old Md. family, Aug. 22, 
1798; d.'Charleston, March 6, 18.55. His par- 
ents were among the early settlers of Ky. 
He completed his education at St. Mary's Coll., 
Bait. ; tilled various eccles. otBces in his native 
State; was lo;ig viear-gen. to Bishop Flaget; 
rector of St. Joseph's Coll., and prcs. of the 
Nazareth Fen)ale Institute of Kv- ; consec. 
bishop of Cliarleston, March 18, 1844. 

Reynolds, John, a British admiral, and 
colonial gov. of Ga. ; d. a rear-adm. of the Blue, 
Jan. 1776. App. gov. of Ga. Aug. 6, 1734, 
he landed at Savannah Oct. 29, and resigned 
{"eb. 1757 on account of disagreement with the 
council. He secured the friendship of the In- 
dians; established courts of judicature there; 
and Jan. 7, 1735, called together the lirst legisl. 
of Georgia. 

Rejmolds, Joh.s, politician, gov. 111. 18.90- 
4, b. Montgomery Co., Pa., Feb. 26, 17.89, 
of Irish parents, who landed at Phila. in 1786; 
d. Belleville, III., May 8, 1865. He belonged 
to a coni|iany of scouts in the campaigns 
of 1812-13 against the Indians; practised 
law in Cahokia; was a justice of the Supi'eme 
Court of III. in 1818; was a member of the 
legisl. in 1826-30, 1846-8, 1832-4; speaker of 
the house 1852-4. Com. III. volunteers in 
May and June, 1832, during the Black Hawk 
war; was M.C. in 1835-7 and 18.39-43. He 
pull. "Pioneer History of Illinois," 1848; 
" Glance at the Crystal Palace, and Sketches 
of Travel." 1854 ; " My Life and Times," 1855; 
and at one time conducted the Belleville Ea'/le, 
a daily paper. He was a Ueraoc. of the con- 
servative 81 hdol. 

Reynolds, Gen. Jons Fcltos, b. Lan- 
caster, Pa., 1820; killed at Gettysburg I July, 
1863. AVest Point, 1841. Entering the 3d 
Art., he l>ecame 1st lieut. 18 June, 1846 ; brev. 
capt. for Monterey 23 Sept. 1846, and major 
for Buena Vista 23 Feb. 1847 ; capt. 13 Mar. 
1835, and disling. in actions with Indians neat 



RKY 



.04 



Rao 



Rogue Rnxr, Oregon, in 1856 ; liciit.-«il. Mih 
Inf. U May, 1861 ; bri';.-i,'(-n. vols. 20 Au<;- 
1861 ; miij.-sen. vols. 29 Nov. 1862; and col. 
Sill U.S. Inf. 1 June. 1863. He com. at Cheat 
Moiiiiiuin, where hte was repulsed, and Oct. 
3 drove buck the Confcda. at Greenbrier. At- 
lai'licd to the Army of the Potomac, he fuiijfht 
at Mei'hanicsville. Uaine^i's Mill, Sava),'e Sta- 
tion, and at Glendale, where ho was capture<l, 
and for these services was brov. col. and brie.- 
(:vn. U.S.A. Released soon after, he com. his 
div. at the battle of Manas.sas, Auj:. 29. .30; 
anil took com. of the Isl anny corps in Dec , 
and led it at FiediTick^bur;;. With the ri;;ht 
win^' of Meade's army, consisting of alwiit 
8.000 men. he le<l the van, and, altackin;; the 
entire (\infcil. army, brou);ht on the dctisivc 
biUilcof Ueiiysburg, but fell in the first day's 
at'iion. 

Keyuolds, John N., author of a " Vovage 
of the U. S. Fiipitc Potomac, 1831-4," JJ.Y. 
1835 ; '• Pacilic and Indian Oceans," &c., 8vo, 
1S41. A prominent advocate of the exploring 
ex(MHi. to the Pacific and South Seas, on whiih 
subject he pub. an address in 1836; and haj 
coutrili. sevenil spirited nautical sketches to 
the Kiiirli:ril<n'l.tr i/if)nzine. 

Reynolds, JosErn. M.D. of UV. 1827, 
b. Wiiniiugion, Ms. Author of " Prize Essay 
on Manures; " " Agricultural Survey of Mid- 
dlesex Co., Ms. ; " ■• Peter Gott. the Ca|>eAnn 
Fisherman." 1856; "Gen. Uist. of tlic Indep. 
Odd Fellows' Soc.." 8vo. 1842. Ho contrib. 
many articles to the Boston Mul. Jour, and 
Jwi . of \iiliwial .lAW Asxx-. — Allil>one. 

Reynolds, JosbPH Junes, lirev. maj.-gen. 
U.S.A.. 1.. Ky. West Point, 1843. Assist, 
prof, ihore 1846-55; 1st lieut. 3d Art. 3 Mar. 
1847 ; re.-igneil 28 Feb. 1857; prof, mechanics 
and engr. Washington U.. St. Lonis. 1856-60; 
col. 10th Ind. Vols. 27 Apr.; brig.-gen. vols. 
17 May. 1861; maj.-gcn. vols. 29 Nov. 1862; 
col. 26"ih Inf. 28 Jnlv, 1866 He was in vari- 
ous actions in West Va. in 1861 ; in campaign 
01 Army of the Cumberland 1862-3 ; engaged 
at Hoover's Gap. Chickamau;;a, as chief of 
staff. Oii.-Dec. 1863 ; com. 19th cor|>s 7 July, 
1864. and organized forecs for capture of Mo- 
bile and Fts. Gaines and Morgan : com. dept. 
of Ark. Xov. 1864 to Apr. 25, 1866; brev. 
brig.-gen. and maj -gen. l.S A., 2 Mar. 1867, 
for Cliickanianga and for Missionary RIdgc; 
tr. to .1.1 Cav. 16 Dec. 1870. — CmZ/i/m. 

Reynolds, Thomas, jurist, and gov of 
Mo. 1840-4. b. Bracken Co., Kv., March 12, 
1796; d JeHcrson City, Feb. 9, 1844. He es- 
tablishttl himself in Illinois when young, and 
was cKviiteJ to tjie bench of the Supremo 
Court alter filling the posts of clerk of the 
house, atiy.-gen.. and speakcrof the house. In 
1828 be removeil to Mo., where he was a mem- 
ber of the State Ic^isl., and pres. judge of a 
court of justice. He snl>se<juently iHName a 
monomiiniac; and. to escape the fancied or 
real op|K>siiion of political rivals, he committed 
suicide. 

Reynolds, William Morton. DD.. h. 
Fayette Co . Pa . 1812. Jeff. Coll 1832, He 
tiKifc onlers in the Lutheran Church. Prof, in 
Pa. Coll. 18.13-50; pres. of Capital U.. Ohio. 
18.'iO-7, aud of III. State U. 1857 ; ord. in 



Prot.-Ep. Church 1864. In 1840 he esiab. 
ande<lited the h'vanp Mun-: editetl the/,<tmir« 
Hecnrd in 1845; and in 1849 established ana 
ediieil, until July, 1862, the Knint/. /.ViVir. 
He has contrib. to other periodicals. Author 
of " Discourses on the Swedish Chunbcs," 
the " Caplivi of Plautns," with introd. and 
notes. 1846; "Thoughts in n-lation to the 
III. Slate University ; " and addresses and dis- 
coiir>cs on several occasions. —.l//i''«o»i>*. 

Rhees, Morgan Joiix, 0.0., b. Glamor- 
ganshire. Wales. 1760; d. Somerset, Pa., 1S04. 
Baptist minister at Peny-Garn. Kmig. to th« 
U.S. in 1794. and settled in Beulah, and after- 
ward in Somerset. Eiiitorof the W'eUiTrras- 
urif. and the author of Welsh Lyrics, pub. ia 
Wales, and of some orations ami disi-ourscs 
pub. in Pa. Ills son Morgan J., D.I)., an 
eminent Baptist minister of Pbila., d. Williams- 
bur,;. N.Y., Jan. 15, 1853. a. 49. — .J/Zi'-oi.^. 

Rbett, Robert Barnwell, lawver and 
M.C., b. Ueanlbrt, S C. Oi-c. 24, 1800. Son 
of Jifines and Mariauna Smith, and adopted 
the name of Rhcit. a colonial ancestor, in 1837. 
Received a liberal education, and adopted the 
law as a pntfess'ion : was elected to the State 
legist, in 1826; inl8.32Btty.-gen.ofS.C.. acting 
with the ultra wing of the Siaic-righis party 
during the nullification movement ; M.C. 1838- 
49; and U.S. senator in 1850 and '51. He is 
said to have been the first tnnn who pro|)Oscd 
and advocatinl on the floor of Congri'ss a dis- 
solution of the Union, lie was a leading mem- 
bvT of the State convention, which. Dec. 20, 
1860. passed an ordinance of sei-ession. He 
w:is a delegate to the convention of seceding 
States at Montgomery, and was chairman of 
the committee by which tho constitution of the 
Confederate States of America was rejiort- 
ed ; aflerwani a member of the Coufed. Con- 
gress. His political views have been given to 
the public in the C/iuWntfon Meirnri/, a news- 
pa|K'r owned by himself, and conducted by bis 
son. I{. B. Rheit. jun. 

Rllind, Alexander Coldev. captain 
U.X.S., b. N.Y. Sept. 3, 1821. Midshlpm. 
Sept. 3. r838; lieut. Feb. 17, 1854 ; com. Jan. 
2, 1863; capt. 1870. Attached to the home 
squadron, and present at Alvarado and Tabas- 
co. Mexican war; coast-survey 1849-50 and 
1851—1; com. gunboat "Crusader," and en- 
cagol in various affairs off S.C. in 1862 ; com. 
iron-elad " Keokuk " in attack on definws of 
Charleston, Apr. 17, 186:1. which received 19 
shots at and near her water-line, and sunk next 
day; com. " Paul Jones," S. A. B. squail, 1863, 
and look jwi t in various attacks on Fort Wag- 
ner and other defences of Charleston; com. 
"Agawam," NAB. squad., 1864-5. and en- 
gaged 3 ConfcU liatterii-s at Deep Bottom. Va., 
Aug. 13. 1864. for which he was ihaiikeil by 
the dept. ; engaged in the |)erilous explosion 
of the jiowder-tioat " Louisiana," near Fort 
Fisher. IX-e. 23. 1864. — //umrrj/y. 

Rhodes, Gen. HonKRT E.. b. Lynchbnnj, 
Va.. 1820 ; kille»l in b:ittlc at Winchester, Va., 
Sept. 19. 1864. Va. MiJit. Inst. 1848; prof, 
in that institution until his removul to Ala. 
Capt. of tho Mobile cadeu in 1861 ; then col. 
5th Ala. Regt. ; promoted to brig.-ifen. soon af 
ter the first battle of Manassas ; wounded al 



RLA. 



rG.5 



xuo 



Seven Pines and Shnrpsburg; fought at Fred- 
eiicksbui;; ami Ciuinccllorsville, wliere he be- 
came inaj. ;;cii. ; served through the Pa. cain- 
paii^n; witii Early in the defence of Lyiich- 
bui'g ; and with the Army of the Valley, com- 
miiulin;; one of its two army corps, until he 
fell. 

Hiall, Sir Phineas, a British gen.; d. 
Pavi.s, Xov. 10, 1851. Ensign 92(1 Foot, Jan. 
1791 ; .Jan. 1, 1800, lieut.-col. by brev. ; com. a 
brigad ■ in the cxjjedition against Martinicinc, 
ag.iinst Saintes i:i 1809, and at the capture of 
(iuadaloupe in Feb. 1810; June 4, 1 81. '3, ho bc- 
c.ime maj.-gen. ; in Sent, he was ordered to 
Canad.i, serving on the Niagara frontier ; com. 
at the lai.ic of Cliippewa, where he was wound- 
ed, and at the severcly-contcsti d battle of Lun- 
dy'3 Line, 24 July, 181 1. In Feb. IsiG h "was 
app. gov. ol Granada, and attained the full rank 
of^on. in 1841. — Monjan. 

Kibault (re-bii), Jean, a French navirrator, 
wlio led the tirst colony to Florida, 1). Dieppe 
ab.lJ20; killed in Fla. 1565. Admiral Coligny, 
having deteriiiined to found a Huguenot colony 
in Amer., litted out two ve= sels for an exped. 
to Fla., giving the com. to Ribault, who sailed 
from Ilavro de Grace, Feb. 18, 1562, and early 
in May anchored in Port-Royal harbor. A 
fort was built south of the present site of Boau- 
forl, and named Caroline, m honor of the king 
of France ; and 26 coloui^ts were left in pos- 
.session, who, when reduced to the point of star- 
vation, set sail in a crazy bark, and were picked 
up bv an Knglish ship. An expc-dition under 
Lauionniere sailed in April, 15G4, and on the 
River May, now called the St. John's, built a 
fort, also called Caroline. After great suller- 
iug, thjy were on the ixjint of returning to 
France, when Ribault, who left Dieppe May 22, 
1565, arrived with a fleet of 7 vessels. Scarce- 
ly had ho anchored, when a Spanish fleet, un- 
der Menendez, appeared, with orders from the 
king to "gibbet and behead all the I'rotcstants 
iu those regions." The French fleet, unpre- 
p ircd for battle, cut its rabies, and escaped, 
riie Spauiards repaired to St. Augustine, where 
KibaUit. against the advice of his oflicers, de- 
termined to attack thom. A terrible storm 
wreck'd his vessels on the coa.st of Fla., near 
Cape Canaveral, ab. 100 miles S. of St. Aujjus- 
tine. In the mean time, Menendez surprised 
the garrison of Fort Caroline, and massacred 
near 200 of both sexes. Ignoran i of their fate, 
Ribault endeavored to reach the fort, but fell 
i!ito the hands of Menendez, and, with ncarlv 
nil bis party, was massacred. A French cxped. 
under Ucninircne. in 1567, in retaliation, seized 
two forts near the Si. John's, and the important 
fait of St. Mateo, and hanged all their prisoners 
on the same tree upon which his countrniien 
h.ad been cx(!euted by Menendez. A voL-of 42 

fpa^es, now extremely rare, being an Eng. trans- 
ation of the report of his firi^t vovage, made 
by Ribault to Coligny, was pub. in London un- 
der the title of " The Whole and True Di-cov- 
eryc of Terra Florida, &c. ; written in French 
by Capt. Uibaulil, the tiret that whollye discov- 
ered the same, and now newlv set forthc in 
Enjlisbe the XXX. of May, 156.1." 

Rise, Ai.K.\AXDER Hamilton, a leading 
merchant of Boston, and M.C. 1859-67, b. New- 



ton L.Falls, JIs., 30 Aug. 1818. Un. Coll. 1844 
Son of Thoinas, a paper-manuf. Three years 
a elerk in the papiT-store of Wilkins & Cfartor 
of Boston, in which firm he became a partner 
after graduating in 1844; the present style of 
the firm bein^ Rice, Kendall, & Co. Member 
com. council in 1856; its pres. in 1857; mayor 
of Boston in 1857-9, unci identified with sev- 
eral important mea-suros for city improvements; 
and chairman of the naval com. of the OGth and 
39th Congresses, — a position of gre.it labor 
and rcspoii-ibility during the Rebellion. Mr. 
Rice is a man of scholarly tastes, and is a 
graceful and fluent speaker. 

Rice, David, b. Hanover Co., Va., 20 Dec. ^ 
1733; d. 18 June, 1816. N.J. Coll. 1701. Ord. 
by the prcsbvtery of Hanover in Nov. 1762, 
and was scttlnl succe,s8ively in Hanover, Va., 
1763-8, and in Ky., where he was the pioneer 
preacher, having cinig. thither in Oct. 1783. 
Active in cstab. Hamp. Sid. Coll. Author of 
"Essay on Baptism, 1789; " Locts. on Di- 
vine Decrees," 1791 ; "Slavery Inconsistent," 
&c., a speech, 1793; "Letters on Christianity," 
Wcekli) Kecorder, 1814; also sermons and epis- 
tles. — Sprarjue. 

Rice, George Edward, wit and poet, h. 
Boston, July 10, 1822 ; d. insane at Roxburv, 
Ms., Aug. 10, 1861. II.U. 1842. He studied 
and practised law. Contrib. to the A^. A. lie- 
view and other leading periodicals ; wrote sev- 
eral humorous plays, which were acted with ap- 
plause; pub. several humorous works, and a 
vol. of serious poems, called " Nugamenta." 
His poem, "The Present Time," was frequent- 
ly d' livered by him in public. 

Rice, Hauvev, poet, b. Conway, Ms., June 
11, 1800. Wms. Coll. 1820. He em'ig. to Cleve- 
land in 1824; opened a classical school; was 
adm. to the bar in 1826 ; became a representa- 
tive in 1830, and agent fur the sale of the W. 
Reserve school-lands ; Democ. candidate for 
Congress in 1834 and 1836; established the 
Cleveland Plain-Dealer in 1829 ; member of tho 
State senate in 1 852-3 ; and author of the com- 
mon^ichool system then enacted. His poems 
were collected in 1859, entitled " Mt. Vernon 
and other Poems." Contrib. to the Western 
Mivj., Nineteenlh Centitri/, Great Rrpuhlic, &c. 
Author of address at the Centennial Celeb, at 
Conw.ay, Ms., 1867. — Poets and PcKtry of the 
Went. 

Rice, GE>f. James Clav, b. Worthington, 
Ms., Dec. 27, 1829 ; d. from wounds at the bat- 
tle near Spottsylvania C. II., May 11, 1864. 
Y.C. 1854. In 1855 he taught in Natchez, 
Mpi. ; w.as editor of a. paper there; and, after 
studying law, was adm to the bar. Retuniing 
North in 1856, he practised in N. Vork. When 
the war broke out, he enlisted as a private, but 
by merit attained the colonelcy of the 44th 
N.Y. (Ellsworth's) Regt. ; was in the battles 
of Yorktown, Hanover C. H., Gaines's Mill, 
Malvern Hill, Manassas, Frederick-^luirg, Chan- 
cellor.-ville, and at Gettysburg, whore he com. 
a brigade, and displayed great .skill and gal- 
lantry ; brig.-gen. Aug. 17, 1863. lie took 
part in the operations o( Mine Run and tho 
terrible battles of the Wilderness.— y.C. Obit. 
Record. 

Eice, John Uolt, D.D. (N.J. 1819), a 



766 



KKJ 



Prv«f>vtfrUn cIon^Tuan, b. Xi-w Ignition, Bod- 
fonl to., V»., N*ov. JS. i::7: d. I'riiKV EJ- 
»-»nl Co., V»., S.pt. S, 1S31. Wash. Coll.. V». 
H.' was in K<)6-9 It iut..r .tt H.iiii;>. Si.l. Coll ; 
w*s ih^' KiunJorof l"n. TIkvI. S. m. in l-^24. m 
thf hfa.1 of w iiicli h- iMi!ai»\l hi< la.-t \A-ai> ; and 
iu ISi: original. xl an>t <»iit.\l ih<>>"ni.aA^',.>i/ 
11*/ /./*. .\l,ti. TIk' pri:ni> of hU life was spent 
as • pcisrar in KichnKinJ. \\« UHixwl much, 
and with suvvv-ss, amonj: the n«vTo sL-vw-s. Emi- 
nent «s a nritor and as a juilwi-orator. H? 
|>ufv. •• MonKiirs of S l>avios ; ■• An lilu-tra- 
tii>nof ih-.- I*n->1». Chutv'i in V.^.." 1S16: " Mc^ 
moir of Rev, J. B Tavlor." ISSO; " Consid- 
cr.xtious on l{oli^ion,"'"lS33. Hb lif.' bv Dr. 
\V.n. Maxwell wa< puK. Phila. 1<3J. — ."-'jwitwc. 
Ric^, Li THER, a Bajxist cl.-ivvnian", h. 
N"onliN>rvuch. Ms-. M.-ir. 25, ITSSVd. Eds«^ 
ti.:d Oi„.. S.C, Oct. 2J. ISS6. Wms. Co!l. 
HIO; And. Tht.v'. Jx-m. Ho was one of thit 
fir>: who dovou\l th.msoln-s to the luissionanr 
si'niiv in Asia. Old. at S^Jciu. Ko'.v. 6. 1512, 
an! saiUsl rr C \ir.-.> a t'n d.u > ^u:or; be- 
came a l>.!- .., Mar. 
lS13to • iu ,he 
cau.s«oi . in that 
can-* s-.-vcr.l \c,iri w i;h suvv-s; :;i ii -etiKd 
in Va. ; wa* insrr.nnental in toimdin-.: Cortun- 
hian Coll., D.C.. and was for 10 or 12~ vears its 
asv'nt and m-.\'ia^T. He wrote maar' appeals 
and advlTttSosos, — A« Memoir U Ciru, /JmtTr. 
vi 321. 

Rice, X. L., I>.D. pastor Central PntsU Ch,, 
Cin.. anvl afk-nvard of the Swud IVsb. Ch., 
St. Louis, and the Kif,h-a>v. Ch . Xe« York. 
Has pub IK-'.otes, — on Baj>tism, with Kev, 
Ale.x CarapSell; on rnixersol Sal\-ation, with 
Rev. E. IVin^Tv^; and on Slavery-, with Rev. 
J. A. Blanch irvl. lv».^: " Rom.Anism the Ene- 
my of Ftw lnstitiuiv->ns." li^Jl : -The Siirns 
of the TiuK^," IS5,%; " Bawism." ISM; "Onr 
Counirv and the Church. I>61 ; "The Pul- 
pit," IS62: ■• Dis«)ut*.-s," 1S62; "GodSoTv- 
n-un, Man Free," isra 

Rice, titN SmitL A., b. X.Y. ; d. Os- 
kakiosa. io , 6 July, 1S64. of woun.is at the 
Kittle of S«lem River, .\rk. Col. S,-U Iowa 
Vols., and conspicuous at the Kittle of Helena, 
wherv he com. a hripide ; bri:;.-<Mn. 4 Aug. 
1S(«; took an lionorsWe part in ei-err I»tt7e 
of the campaigns ot I <63-« in Ark. until fatallr 
woundcl. 

Rice, Tho)i.»9 D. (•' Jim Crow "I. b. S.Y. 
M.iy ?•> l*(^S; ,1 t'-cre Sep:. 19. I #60. A 
'^"■' ' " ' " ' 'icatric-.il oom- 

!'■' "t imiratiou* 

«" !v 1,1 isse 

n^' - • ■ . with 

'•> :o the 

y ^ lilies. 



. .cs«iue 
»« plot 



.tpii.ia on in« pi 
«cre virrr MKvesiial. 



Rich, I'ua^;* 
B..-:..n. .\Iv. irS!: 
He went to Spain 
time Ii led the - 
V»kn;ia. While 
lection i-f rare tr 
Spaiii>h .America. 



lory of S|>anish Literetun- " <" •'-■■- '■ • ..-.i.i, 
nieiiiion of his scrrice-i auil ^ 
" Bili:io:hrca .\merieana,' . 

Richard, III »K III L, a 1 v, 

b. Sainics, tKt. 15. ITW ; d. Ik.rv..!, .N,i.t 13^ 
1S32, of cholcm. Educated at ilic Coil, of 
.\il;n.TS. He became a [iru-t in IT.hi. eauie 
to tlw U.S. in 1792 to tea. 
the Coll. of Baltimore, t>u: 
Carrol as a mis>ioniirv to 1\ 
went to IX'iruil in i:9S. wh,rv !.,■ ,,rti> :.nc.| as 
^raiid vicar of ilie bishop of »>., and under- 
took fora short time tile puMi .vi.<n \u FrxiKh. 
of a iK.-riiHii.-al entitled /'■■ ' ' 

During the war of IS12. Ih 
of tlie English; was sent • ^ 
and was the means of sivii _ 
from the cruelty of ihe I 
<lcli-.niie to Congress in IS:; 
>ala>y to pious purposes. 1 . 
7 ilitfereiii lanpiajo.-s ; was ii 
olence, and was ardently .. 

can instilutiiMis and the ( i , ,- ,, ,.,^.u. 

He pul.. in Fri-nch some Caibu.ic books, aiid 
the I.a«-s ..f the Territorv. 

Richards, J.mEs, 'DP. (Y.C. isis), 
Prvsli. cleoryman, l«. Xcw Canaau. Ct., 29 IVt. 
1T66; d. Auhum, Auc 2. l!'43. Dest-ended 
in the 4th generation from Samnel, a Welsh- 
man, who settled near Stanilorvl, Ct, Edu- 
cated at Yale, from which in 1791 he received 
an liou. degrv-e. In 1794 he hec:ime the pastor 
of the First I'resh. Chun h in Morristown, X. J., 
and in 1S0;> of the chiinh of Newark, N.J.; 
app. prv.f in the Theo!. Scm , Auburn. XT., 
in 1S2.-1. His Uvturvs. with a Memoir bv S. 
H. Gridley, were pah. in X.Y. in 1#46." A 
si-U-ction of a^i sennons. with an es>av ou his 
charicter bv \Villiam B. SpRmue, iV.l) , was 
pnS. IS49. 

Richards, Major Jouk. b Eng. ; d. Bos- 
ton. Apr. 2, 1694. S^m of Tliomas of Doi^ 
Chester in I S30. Was a member of the A. i H. 
.\n. Co., Bviston. 1644. In 1649-5.1 was an 
Indian trM.-, r »i ^r,.,,.,:.. t. ,., . ic — k,. 
but U 
He w .- 
16sst-.' ... ., :. ,._. 

tativc for Xe»t>ury luri-i. lor Uadlcv I6:j. 
Boston 16:9-ifO, aiid speaker; assist. 16S0-6; 
judi,-* of the Su|ie;ior Court 1692 ; and coun- 
cillor from 1692 till his death. He had hc«n 
with Dudley an .^vnt in En;;. He be<]ueatbed 
legacies of iUXl each to H.C, the town of 
Boston, and the Second Church. 

Richards, Jons, D.n. (DC. IS45), a 
proiuiueni Con.-, eler^iuan, b. Famiini:ton, 
Ct.. May 14. 1797; d. Hanover, X.H.. Mar. 
29, lSo9. Y.C. IS2I; AnJover. 1S24. Ord. 
at Win-lsor. Vt . I«57. htri-i_-S -i f - T r- rs 



■■'• ii RicharU.s. 

'icol- field. .M-.. .\ 

■•■■; to 7. 1547. W 

His- IS22. Xov. 19, Ijii, «i vu 



RIC 



ro7 



KIO 



Iliivon in a niiB»ioimrv to tlic Snmlwicli In- 
l.iiiili. In m.'IH 111; lici-i'imo ooiiniillor, nt well 
an irilcriirutir niiil cliii|iluiii to lli<: kin;;, ami, 
iiliiT tin; rccoKiiition of tliu iiiileiionilcnci; of 
ilic lulundi \>y forci;;n powern, w.m nut iin uin- 
tiiiU'iiilor to Kn^. iinil r.thonounn. Iliuiirriini; In 
|K|.'), Ill' WM- itpp. ininixtcr of |<ul>liclii>iini<'tloii. 
Richards, W'm.i.mm C, Unpiint niinlmpr, 
I). U«ihl. IHI7 MttilinonU., N.Y., l«4i). Kinl«. 
to Ainir. ill I8:JI ; liviii 15yi'iir« in fia. uml 
S.C, ami liiiH nincc 18M bci-n .-tatiom;'! in N.V. 
Aiiilior of " A Diiy in lli« Civhtal I'likcf," 

I "j-l ; " Iliirrv'H Vaciition," IS.li ; " Klectioii," 
H.')H; " Memoir of fjeorge N. Ilri;.'g»," 18B6. 
He ciliicil the Orion .!/«/. 3 yeiim ; Georgia. 
Iilii.traleil, 1842; SwKhe.m L!l. (Jaxaie 5 
yuurn ; Sihnijfi'lloii) C yeiirn. Coirrili, to vari- 
ijiii nerioili.nfn. Hi* wife (formerly fonNKLtA 

II ttUMii.t.y. h. lIuilHon, V.Y.,'lHitl, in. In 
mi) Iiii4 coiitrili. to tlie |H!rioilical« eilitej by 
li'T liiiolianil, unil liiix puli. Konic hook'> uiiiler 
the iiom ilr i,l,imr of .Vim. .Manncm. — AllUnni: 

Richardson, Ai.lii;nT Dea.-ck, author uml 
Journalist, h. I- ninklin, Mii., 18'}.*) ; asiiaiixiNatol 

III .New Vork, Uec, 2, 1809. At 1" he went to 
rillsljiir;;, I'u., where he taught, and wrot<: for 
IJK! |)reit»; he afterwarili* wrote for the Cinein. 
jiajiem ; went to KannaH an corresp. of the ISut- 
t'lii Joiinuil, and while there acted an nee. of the 
Terr, legiiil., and adj.-gen. lie wan afterward 
a eorrert|). of the Trilmiu; during the war, and, 
after 20 month)* in C'onfed. prijtonit, ew:a|)ed Dec. 
IH, 1804. Ilii* iu:count of thin iit in hirt " Field, 
lJiiii;;con, and K«ea|K;." He visited California 
ill 181).'), and on his return wrote " Beyond the 
,Mi^niihi|ii)i," whieh had a lar;,'C sale. lie alt-o 
pvil). in 1808 a " Life of Genera! Grant." In 
1«C7 he made the a<'|iiaintanec of Mrn. .\IcFar- 
l.'ind, and l>y his attentions exeited'the jealousy 
of her hiisliand, who attempted to murder him 
in March, 180.^. .Mrs. MeFarland obtained a 
divoiee in the autumn of 1809. Nov. 20 Mc- 
Karland shot Kiehardson in the Tilhnne office, 
and was triL-d for murder, hut acquitted on 
the groumi of insanity. Before Kichardson's 
death, the marriage-ceremony wan performed 
between liiin and Mrs. McFurland. This lady, 
nif' Abbv Sage, pub. in 1871 "Stories from 
Ohl ICng. I'o.try.'' 

Richardson. Ges. Ibrael B., h. Burling- 
ton, Vt., IKI'J; d. Sharpsbnrg, Md., Nov. .1, 
1802. West Point, 1841. He was a descend- 
ant of Gen. I-racI Putnam. Entering the .3d 
Inf., hi; served in the Florida war; Viecamc 1st 
lieut. Sept 21, 1846; brev. capt. and m.ijor for 
gallantry at Contreras, Churubuseo, and Cha- 
piiltepec; caiit. March ii, 18.51 ; resigned Sejit. 
30, 185."i, and settled in Mich. Wiieii the civil 
war broke out, he iKcame col. 2d Mich. Vols.; 
took a iiroininent part at the liattlcs of Black- 
.'iiirn'™ Ford, .Iiilv 18, and Bull Hun, July 21, in 
bo:h of which he com. a brigade; bng.-gcn. 
vol". May 17, IKOI; com. a division in Surn- 
mr's army corps in the Peninsnlar campaign 
wi:h great gallantry ; was made maj.-gen. July 
4, Ifli;2 ; lovcred the retreat of the army after 
III;- mcond lialtlc of Man.issas, Ang. .30 ; fought 
at South .Mounlaiii and Aniictam, in the latter 
of which lie rendered the most important scr- 
\ices, and received a wound in the shoulder, 
lioni the cHect of which he dii^l. 



Richardson, Sin Johm, a British nato 
ralisi, b. Uiimfries, Scotland, 1787; d. 188.'). 
Surgeon in (apt. Franklin's arctic ex|A'ds. of 
18I'J and '2.'). In 1848 he led an exiH;d. in 
scarcli of that navigator, lie pub. " Zoillogy of 
the Northern Parts of Brit. Ain(;rica," 2 parts, 
1829-37; ".lournal of a Boa^ Voyage through 
Hiincrt's Lanii to the Arctic Kea," &c., 1H51; 
ami " .Votes on the Natural Hist, of tlwj Last 
Arctic; Voyages," &e., 18.52-4. 

Richardson, .Ma.j. Joiim, h. Brit. Ameri. 
ca. Was made a prisoner in tlie battle of the 
Thami;B ; subse(|iienlly served in Sjiain, in the 
British Legion ; resided some years in Paris, 
where he wrot/; "lUmrl^;" and removed to 
Canada, and finally to the U.S., where he 
wrote for the pn-ss until his death. Also au- 
thor of " Wiu'ousta, or the Pronheev," 18.33; 
" War of 1812," 8vo, 1842; " Eight' Vcars in 
Caniula," 8vo, 1847 ; " Matilda Montgomeric," 
8vo, 18.51; " Wcstbrook, or the Outlaw;" 
" Waii-man-gci', or the Ma*saere of Chicago," 
18.52; " The Fall of Chicago," 1 850 ; " Cana- 
dian Brothers." lie establislicd a new»|<a[x;r 
in l'[<|«;r Canada. — Allihnf, 

Richardson, Jonx pKTi;n, gov. of S.C. 

1840-2, b. Hickory Hill, Sumter Uist., S.C, 
Apr. 14, 1801. S.C. Coll. 1810. Grandson 
of (icn. Bichard. Meinljer of the State legisl. 
in 1824-.30 ; M.C. in 18.30-40; during the nul- 
lification excitement he wa« one of the leadem 
of the Union party, and, in the convention 
which passed the ordinance of nullification, 
steadily op|K«ed' that measure; in 18.50 he was 
one of I he delegates at large from S.C. to the 
Southern convention ; and in 1851 presided 
over the meeting of the Soiilhern-Kighls Assoc, 
in Charli;ston. He opjioscd the separate secCD- 
sion of the State in the State convention at 
Columbia in 1852. 

Richardson, Natiiaxiei, Smith, T).T>. 
(Rai;. Coll. 1857), Prot.-I-^,. clergyman, b.Mid- 
dlebury, Ct., 1810. Y. C. 18.34. Author of 
"Pastor's Aiip<;al;" " Kcasons whv I am a 
Churchman, 1843; "Hist, of Watcrtown, 
Ct.," 1845; "Churchman's Beasons," &c., 
1845; "Kcasons wliy I am not a I'apist," 
1847; "Evidences of Religion," 1 8.50; " S|X)n- 
Bor's Gift," 18.52. Founder and c-ditor Aiiur. 
C/i. Ihiliw since ]etli.— AllilMnr. 

Richardson, Ge.x. RiruAnu, Revol. pa- 
triot, b. near Jamestown, Va., 1704; d near 
Salisbury, S.C, in Sept. 1781. Ilewasaland- 
sur^■c^■o^ in Va. ; afterwards a farmer in Cra- 
ven Co., S.C ; and, during the Indian border 
wars, com. a regt. MemU-r of the council of 
safety at Charleston In 1775; and, for his ser- 
vices in (piellinga dangerous loyalist revolt in 
the " back country," received tlie thanks of the 
Prov. Congress, and was promoted to brig.-gen. 
.Member of the legisl. council of 1770; and in 
the Prov. Cong, of S.C. assi-ted in forming h<-r 
constitution. r..<jrd Comwallis made fruitless 
efforts to gain him over to the roval cause. 
Made prisoner at the capture of Charleston, 
he returned from the pri-on of St. Augustine 
oiik to die. His son Jajiks B. was gov. of 
S.C. ill 1*02-4. His eldest son com. Marion's 
right wing at I'litaw, and wrn^ wounded. 

Richardson, William A., lawyer and 
politician, b. Fay<;tle Co., Ky. Transyl. U. 



lUC 



rc8 



RED 



Studied law, and came to the lioT at 19 ; St.ite 
attorni-v in 1S35; nifmlx-r State lif;i»I. IS36, 
'3S. anil "44; speaker of the house in 1S44. 
Having: removetl to 111, tie wascapt. in llantin's 
ri'Vt. vols, in Mexican war; distin^. in l>aitle 
of Buena Vista, ami elected maj. in Feli. 1*47. 
M.C. from 111. K<4;-55; gov. of Nelira-tka 
Terr. 1SJS-<J0 ; rv-elected to Con"T<'*s in 1S60, 
and. on iho draih of Stephen A. Douglas, auc- 
ceeilixl him in the U.S. senate. 

Richardson, William Mebchaxt, 
LI..U. (D.C. 1827), juriit, h. Pelhain, N.U., 
Jan. 4,1774; d. Cluster, X.U.. Marvh 2.1, 
1S.^<. UX. 1797. Practised a few years at 
Cirv.>ton, Ms.; wivs M.C. ISl 1-14, and amoved 
to Portsmouth, X.Il. Distin^.at the l>ar, he was 
chief jusiiic of the Supreme Court of X.ll. 
1816-3S; author of the X.H. Justice and the 
Toun-OlliciT. A considcralilc portion of the 
X.II. Ke|«>rt.s, vols. 1 and 2, was drawn up by 
him ; he furiii^hixl nearly all the cases of the 
3d, 4ih, «n<l 5tli. and hV' prenared a la^5^• share 
of the matter for several volumes inorw. — .Sf* 
/.;>: ly: l!>mo, Concor.1, X.ll., IS.19. 

Riche (re'"h:"i'). Je.ix Bai-tistk, rres. of 
Hayti, M ir. 1S46 to his d. Feb. 1S47 ; b. Cape 
llavticn all. 17S0. He s^-n'ed as a general under 
Cliristoi.he. 

Ricllings, C.vROLtNE Mart, vocalist, b. 
Ell'.;. ; came with her parents to the U.S. when 
quite younc:, and was the ailopt<><l dan. of the 
veteran actor. Peter Kicliings. First apjH-ared 
as a pianist, X'ov. 20. 1847, in Phila. ; and in 
the opera of " The Child of the Re^jiraent," at 
the Walnnt.st. Theatre, Feb. 9, 1852. First 
ami. as a coraedienne. Mar. 21, 1853, at the 
Walnut St., as Sicl'.a in the conietlv of " The 
I'rima llonna," for the K'nelit of tcter Rich- 
ii.L-s Fii>t app. in Italian op<T.i at the Pliila. 
Acad. Mar. 7, 1857, as Adalgis;i in '"Xonna." 
Anii'mUrof the Wa!nut-st. euinivauy in 1857- 
9 ; siiKV then a star; and now manap.'nss of 
the Richings Eng. 0|HTa Truuiie. MarriiHl Dec. 
25, 1867, to P. Bernard, at Boston. — Brumi's 
AiH-r Si.i.jr. 

RichiilKS, Peter, acor. b. Kensington, 
Kn.'., 19 .Nlay, 1797; d. Mclia, Pa.. 19 J.an. 
1871. Son of a capt. in the British navy, and 
lilvr.illv I'diicated. Made his Anier. lirli'il at 
the Park Theatre, X.Y., 25 Sept. 1821. as 
Hcnrv Bertram, and manv y>>ars a leading 
favorite there. In 1840heV'camc stage-man- 
ager of the Chestnut-st. Theatre, Phi. a. 

Richtnoud, Ch.vrles Gordon Lennox, 
fourth duke of, b. 1764; gov.-gin. of Canada 
from July 29, 1819, to his d. Aug. 2S, 1S20. 
lie hail |ir»'vioustv (■c.n lord-li.ut. of In-land. 

Richmond,"DE.iN, political maiiaf;vr, b. 
Banianl, Vi., Manh 31, l'^04; d. X.Y. City, 
Aug. 27, 1 8G6. He was named after hi> granil- 
father, I'lkanah Dean of Taunton, Ms. His 
educational advantages were few; but he had 
a rete:itivc in. mory, and waa a great rvaider. 
Early in life, he took an aiiive jiart in politics, 
and iV-r anic a Democ. leader, but, while he aided 
in the b<.*towal of othiv, would never accept 
othcc or public honors of any kind. At the 
Bgx- of 1 5 he began the manuf. of salt at .'s.iliua, 
X.V. : m.ide money, and in 1842 removixl to 
Bullalo, when-, enaging in the prwluce-business, 
he hN:ame quite w..ilthy. He became a dinvt- 



or in the Attica and BulT.'.lo Railroad, and, on 
the consolidation of the X.Y. Central Roads in 
1853, viee-prx-s. of that corponttiun, and in 
1864 pr<«ident. 

Richmond, James Cook, an Epi.s. cUr- 
pynian, b. Pnnidence, R. I., 1808; uumbrcd 
at Poughkeipsie. X.Y., 20 July, 1866. II. U. 
1828. Auilwrof a " VLsit to" lona," 1846; 
"A Mid-umtiier Day Dream;" and "Meta- 
comet," canto I of an epic po<'m. He studied 
at (Vittingen and Halle. OrU. d<-acun at St 
John's Ch., Pro\idence, R. I., 12 Oct. 1832; 
priest 13 Xov. l!'33 ; wa.s a missionary in Sic 
and III. 1834-5; wa.- rxvtor of churches in 
dilVcrent cities, and, while sittKnl at Milwaukie, 
Kvame in 1.-61 chaplain 2d Wis. Vols. He 
had at various tiuus travelled over a gn'at part 
of EurojK^ He )>ub. a ]Him;iliIet at Bo>ton 
under the anagram of " Aduioui.-li Crime." 

RickettS, James Biceh Eitros.bnv. niaj.- 
cen. U.S.A., b. X.Y. City. West Point, 1839. 
Entering the 1st Art., he l>ecaine 1st licnt. 21 
Apr. 1846; 5ervc<l in Mexico, participating in 
the liattles of Monten'V and Buena \ i.^la ; l^e- 
camc ca]>t. 3 Aug. 1852; was cngaL-ed against 
the Mexican b:mdit Coriinas in Xov. l.-SO; 
placed in com. of the first Ivattery of riflid 

funs when the civil war b>'.-an, he disting. 
imself in the fir>t little of Bull Run, whirehc 
was scvenly woundevl, taken pri-son^ r, and 
confim-d 8 months in Richmond. He was 
then exchangi-d ; made brig.-gvii. of vols., dat- 
ing from the battle of Bull Run ; was placed in 
com. 2d div. 3d army coqie in the Army of 
Va. ; wf s wounded in the si\'ond Bull-Run liat- 
tle; and at Antietam led <ien. Hooker's coqis 
after that general was wound.xl. Miij. June I, 
1863. He w.'js engaged in the Richmond caro- 
p-iign, Mar.-.I uly , 1 864, and in ihc Shenandoah 
camjiaign, Julv-Oct. Is64; bnv. Iieut.-c\)l. 21 
July, 1S61, for Bull Run; col. 3 June. 1864, 
for Cold Ilarlor; brig.-gen. tor Cedar Crcvk, 
and niaj.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865 ; retired (as a maj.- 
gen.) 3 Jan. 1867. — CuHnm. 

Ricord, Mrs. Elizabeth, teacher in 
Oencsee, X.Y., 1828-47, and suKsequcntlv in 
X.V. City until her d. 10 Oct. I8C5, a.' 78. 
Author of " Philosophy of the Mind," l2mo, 
and other publications. 

Riddeil, John L., M.D. (Cin. Coll. 1S36), 
b. I^yden, Ms., 1807. App. in 18C0 a Ix-tnp.r, 
and .Mnix' 1836 prof, of encnii?try in the La. 
Mrtl. Coll. Author of " Flora of'the Western 
Stati-s," 8vo, 1836; " Xatun- of Mia^m an I 
Contagion," 8vo, 1836; "Monograiih of the 
Silver Dollar," 8vo, 1845; '• Constitution 
of Matter," 8vo, 1847; " I•:^idenlie of bW," 
and [lapeTS in many scientific journals. In- 
ventor of the binocular microa^'vipc and ma;,'- 
nifying-glass. — S« Gtnttil. o) Ott /{ii d,ll 
Family. 

Riddle, Oeoroe Reade. US. senmor 
1864-7. b. Xewcastle. Del., 1817; d. Wn»h- 
ingtnii. Mar. 30, 1867. Del. Coll. He was 
long cug8;:cd in constructing roads and canals, 
the last ol which was at Hariwr's Kerry ; was 
adm. lo the l>«r in 1848; dep. «liv.-gcn. of 
Newcastle Co. 1848-50; M.C. 1851-5; com- 
niiss. of Del. to rvtrace Mason and Dixon's 
line in 1849; an.l delegate to the Democ. Xak 
Conv. of 1844, 1848, and 1856. 



TUT) 



1G9 



Hider, GEORdE Thomas, Epis. der^ivnian, 
b. CoTintrv. U.I., 1829. Trin. Coll.'iSSO. 
Aiiiliorof "Plain Music for the Com. Pravcr- 
Book,"1854; "Lyra Anplicana," 1864; "Lyra 
Americana," ISO'4. Conirili. to Lit. WJiUl, 
iV. >'. VImrrhman, &C. — Atlil^ne. 

Ridgely, Charles, plivsi ian, b. Dover, 
Dil., .Jan. M, I7.'18; il. tlure Nov. 25, lT8."i. 
Kducatcil ut the Pliila. Ac-ad. Stiiiliej inedi- 
oinc under Dr. Phineas Bond ; commenced 
practice «t Dover in IT.'iS, niid contiiiucJ there 
in sucees.<fiil practice throu;;h liis lifo. From 
I7C5, witli few intervals, till tlie close of his life, 
lie was a member of the lc;;ijl. of Del.; was 
pres. juiljrc in Kent Co. in the C.C.P., and of 
Quarter Sessions before the Reiol. ; was a 
i:, ember of the State Const. Conv. in 1770; 
and was afjain called to the bench, which he • 
occupied as lon^ ns he lived. By his first wife 
he had Nicholas, chancellor of Del.; by bis 
second wife he hud Hi;siiY .Moore, U.S. sena- 
tor l82ii-9, M.C. 1811-1.5, b. 1778, d. 7 Aug. 
1S47. — Tlinvhr. 

Ridgely, Ch.xrles, of Hampton, (rov. 
Md. 181i)-I8; d. July 17, 1829, a. 69. Often 
member of the State le^isl.; a man of large in- 
licrited fortune, lilicrnl and hospitable. By 
his will he inannmittcd his slaves, 300 or 400 
in nunihcr. 

Ridgely, Charles G., commo. U.S.N., 
b. Baltimore, Julv 2, 1784; d. Phila. Feb. 4, 
1848. Midshiptn". Oct. 19, 1799; was with 
Commo. Preble at the battle of Tripoli, and for 
his (;allant condiu-t in that war received a (;old 
med.nl from Congress; lieut. Feb. 2, 1807; 
master coin. July 24, ISl'i; capt.Feb. 28, 1815. 

Ridgely, Daniel B., commo. U.S.X. ; d. 
Phila. -May 5, 1868; b. Ky. F-ntercd the 
navy 1S2S; commo. 1866. 

Riedesel (ree'-deh-zCl), Baron Fried- 
Ricii Adoi.ph, a German gen. in the British 
service, b. Lauterhach, Rhinehessc, June 3, 
W.IS; d. Brunswick, Jan. 6, 1800. Afterstndy- 
iug nt the College of Marburg, he became 
ensign of inf. in the English service; served 
under Prince Ferdinand iii the "-years' war, 
and in 1760 was capt. of the Hessian Hussars; 
made lieut.-col. of the Black Hussars 1762; 
adj. gen. of the Brunswick army in 1767 ; col. 
of carbineers 1772; and early in 1776, as 
niaj.-gen., took com. of the division of 4,000 
Brunswickers hired by Great Britain to aid in 
the reduction of her revolted American Colo- 
nics. He arrived at Quebec, June 1 ; actively 
aided in the taking of Ticonderoga, July 6; 
secured the British victory at Hnbbardton the 
next day by bringing up re-enforcements ; and, 
i.diing part in the snbsetjucnt movements of 
Bnrgoyne, was made prisoner at Saratoga, 
Oct. 17; was exchanged in the autumn of 
1780; and in Aug. 178.3 returned home. 
M.idc lieiit.gen. March, 1787, he com. the 
Brunswick contingent serving in Holland ; 
retired to Lauterbachin 179.1 ; and in 1794 be- 
came com. of Brunswick. His Memoirs, Let- 
ters, and Journals in America, by Max Von 
Kelking, were translated by Win. L. Stone, 
and pub. 2 vols., 1868. His wife Frederica 
Charlotte Louisa, h. Brandenburg, 1746, 
d. Berlin, 29 Mar. 1808. Dan. of the Prus- 
iian minister Massow ; m. at the age of 16, and 



accomp. her husband in his Amer. campaigns 
Her son, the Count de Keuss, pub. " I oyui/*; ilt 
Miaslon en A m^rique, on Letlrts (ic. Mnte. Hiedp- 
sti," Berlin, 1799, an Eng. translation of which 
was pub. in N.Y. 1827, and a complete edition 
transl.^y Win. L. Stone, 8vo, 1867. 

Riley, Gen. Bennet, b. Baltimore, 1786; 
d. liutt'alo, Juno 9, 18.'«2. Entering the army 
at an earlv age, he was app. ensign in the Ki- 
fles Jun 19, 181.3; capt. 5th Inf. Aug. 1818; 
maj. 4th Inf 1837; lieut. c.d. 2d Inf. Dee. 
18.39; col. 1st Inf. Jan. 31, 1850. In Aug. 
1823 he disting. himself in an engagement 
under Col. Leavenworth with the Ariekaree In- 
dians ; in the battle of Chakachatta in Fla., 
June 2, 1840, Col. Riley was panieularly dis- 
ting. He com. the 2d Inf. under Gen. Scott ; 
and in the Valley of Mexico was the com. of 
the 2d hrigaile of Twiggs's division ; was dis- 
ting. at Cerro Gordo, for which he was brev. 
brig.-gcn., and owed his brev. of maj. -gen. to 
his gallantry at Contreras. In 1849 and '50 
he com. the militarv dept. of Upper California. 

Riley, Capt. James, noted for his shi|)- 
wreck and captivity among the wild Arabs on 
the southern coast of Alrica, l>. Middletown, 
Ct., 1775 ; d. at sea. Mar. 15, 1840. After his 
escape from the Arabs, and the kindness shown 
to him by Mr. Wiltshire at Mogadore, Captain 
Riley had. with the exception of a residence 
in Van Wert County (1821-8), Ohio, con- 
stantly traded to that port. Member of the 
Ohio legisl. 1823. He had a strong mind, 
great energy and perseverance, not easily 
daunted by danger, and possessed many excel- 
lent traits of chanicler. Uis narrative was 
drawn up by Anthony Bleeeker, and pub. 1816. 
A sequel, containing Riley's subsequent career, 
was pub. by his son, \V. Wiltshire Riley, 8vo, 
1851. 

Rimmer, William, sculptor, and lecturer 
on art-anatomy, b. Boston, 20 Feii. 1821. Dr. 
R.'s incdieal education, together with his taste 
for art, led him into the career of lectnrer on 
art-anatomy, which he has successfully culti- 
vated in various cities, his present residence 
and studio being in Boston. He delivered the 
first course of lectures on art before the Lowell 
Institute, Boston ; and has lectured in the 
universiiv nt Cambridge, and hclbre the Nat. 
Acad. of'N.Y. (1870). Director of the School 
of Design in N.Y. 1866-70. He has piodu.ed 
statues of "The Falling Gladiator," " Osiris," 
Alex. Hamilton, and a head of" St. Stephen." 
Author of" Elements of Design," 8vo, 1864. 

Rincon, Antoine del, b. Pueblo de los 
Angelos; d. Mexico, 1641. Author of ".4)/< 
de la Ijtfiigiia Mexicana," 12mo, Mexico, 1595. 
He was a Jesuit, who devoted his entire life to 
the conversion of the Mexicans. 

Ringgold, Caijwalader, rearadmirul 
U.S.N. , 1.. Md. 1802; d. N.Y. City, April 29, 
1807. Son of Gen. Samuel. Midshijim. Mar. 
4, 1819; li>ut. May 17, 1828; com. July 16, 
1849; capt. Apr. 2, 1856; commo. July 16, 
1862; rearadm. Mar. 1867. While a coiii, he 
was for a short time in charge of the surveying 
and exploring expedition to the N. Pacific and 
China seas. At the breaking-out of the Rebel- 
lion he was transferred to the frigate " Sabine;" 
was engaged in blockading the Southern ports. 



RFN" 



ro 



anil in I'lc vnrioiis operations of the navy (ijuin^t 
I'oil Kiival iinil other |>ui°-: uii the AiliiMtii.°; 
n-tirvil hec. 1S64. Author of a siiles of 
chiiri>, with sniliiiu'-'lir<i'lii>ns. 4to, 185i. 

Ringgold, GKon.it Hat, lieut.-col. 
Us. A, I. ll.i-er>t.j«n, M.l., 1814 ;m. Srtn 
Kiaiui».o. A|iril 4, 1S64. West Point. 1833. 
Major mill |)iiyniii«ier in the Me.xican war, and 
in 1862 iKXiiine dcp. piiyni.<{^n. (rank of licut.- 
rol.). He »us a sehoiar, an nccomplished 
(lra>ii;hisinan, and amateur painter, and puh. 
in 1S60 a vol. of poetry entitled " Koiintain 
l\oek. Amy Weir, and other Metrical I'as- 
time>." 

Ripley, Eleazer Wueblock, mnj.-gen. 
USA., I.. Hanover, X.H., April 15, 1782; d. 
Wot Kelieiaiia. L i.. Mar. 2, ia39. Dartm. Coll. 
18t)0. Xophew of IV-s. John Whwh^k. Hij 
l.ither Svlvanus, U. D., prof, of divinitv in 
Durtin. Coll. 1782-7. d. Feh. 5, 1787. 'The 
son prrviised law on the KennelK-c ami in I'ort- 
Innd, Me., where he went in 181 1 ; was a ineni- 
lier of the lei:i>l. of Ms. in 1810-11. s|HMker in 
1812; was Stale senator 1812; and was app. 
liuiit.-col. 2Ist Inf.; col. March 12, 1813; and 
was wounded in the attack on York, U. C, 
April 27, 181.'1; was actively en-ji'^'ed on the 
frontier until April 1.'), l$14,'when he t«iis pro- 
moletl to the rank of bri;^.-j^'n. ; was in the 
followini; .Inly app. to com. the seiond brijiadc 
of Gen. IJnuvn's armv. takiii;; part in the Imt- 
ties of Chippewa and Kia;;ara ; was brcv. luaj.- 
pcn. as a reward for his ;,'allant conduct and 
the severv wounds received in the latter of 
those li itilcs. In the detcncc of Fort Eric, 
An;:, l.i, and the sortie of Sept. 17, in which 
lie was shot iliroush '''« neik, he acte<l a con- 
spicuous and ;:allant part, and tor his services 
durini; the eainpai^'n was honored by Conifrvss 
with n (."old medal inscrilicd " XiiiL'ara, Chi|)- 
pcwa, Eric." Gen. Kiplcy rcsij^ni'd Feb. 1, 
1820; pra' liscd law in La.; was a member of 
the State senate ; and M.C. in 1835-9. Me pub. 
an oration, Jiilv 4. 1805. 

Ripley, EzR.», 1)1). (H U. 1816), a Uni- 
tauaii niinistir, b. Woodstock, Ct., Mav 1, 
17:,1 ; d. Comonl, Ms., Sept. 21, 1841. fl.U. 
1776. lie S|K-nt some time in teaching ; oHici- 
Mted n short time as a chaplain in tlic army ; 
and Nov. 11, 1778, was ord. pa-tor of one of 
the larL'Cst con;.'re!;aiions of Ms., located in 
Cimconl, preaching for the last time. May I, 
1841, his nineiielh birtlmlav. He pub. several 
oecas. sermons, and " A History of the Fight 
at (^on.-.inl," 1827. 

Ripley, Geuhoe, critic, and man of let- 
ter-, t). t.r.-enlield. Ms., Oct. 3, 1802. H.U. 
182.1; Camli. Divinity School. 1826. I'astor 
of the 13th Con-. (C'nit.) Chuah. Bo>t6n. 8 
Kov. 1826-28 Mar. 1841. Prominent in the 
socialist cx|H'riment at Brook Farm (Uoxbiiry, 
Ms.) in 1844-6. and in 18l7 remove.) to X.Y. 
Citv. Avsociate editor, with K. W. F.mor-oii 
»nd M.«r;.-.<n't Fuller, of the Olnl, 1840-1 ; 
tr-iitor of the Ilmliiniirr (a Fourierite or.'unj 
1844-8; and since 1849 lit. editor of the .V.l*. 
TriliHiK. A.ssoc. editor with C. A. Dana of 
Applelon's Xew American Cyclopawlia (1857- 
62). Autlior of Discour.-es on the I'hilos. of 
Kilisrion. Svo. 1836; Letters to Andrews Xor- 
ton on •• The Latest Form of Infidcliiy," 1840. 



Edited " .'Specimens of Forcijn Standanl Lite- 
rature." 18)8-42, 14 vols. ; with 11 lyanl 'laylor, 
" IIiind-BiMik of Liteniturc and the Fine Art-s," 
18.")2 anil 1857. 

Ripley, Hkxrt Joxes. n.n. (U. of Ala. 
184», II L. 1845). clert'vman. b. Boston. Ms., 
June 28, 1798. ILU. 1816 ; And. Seni. 1819. 
He was ord. in Boston in 1819 ; riiiI fur 7 \ ears 
(e.\cepiingones|>enl in Easl|>ort) was pasiorof 
the Xortli Newport Baptist Church in Lin. riy 
Co., Ga. In Sept. 1826 he was app. pn.f. of 
bibl. lit. in tlic Newton Theol. Inst., .Ms.; I»- 
cumc, seven years after, prof, of liild. lit. and 
interpretation ; and, later still, prof, of sacred 
rhetoric and pa.-loral duties. He resi;:neil in 
1860, but still n sides at Xewlon Centre. De- 
cides sermons, tr.icts. and numerous ariieh-s in 
tvviews. nia;:azines, &c.. he has pub. " .Meumir 
of Kev. Thomas S. Winn." Bustun, 1824 ; 
"Christian Bapiisni," 18.33; " Notes on tlie 
Four Go-|>els," 2 vols. 18."7-S ; " Notes on the 
Aetsof the Ajosilcs," 1844 ; " Socred Ithetori.-, 
or Coni|Hi-iiion ami Delivery of Seniion-," 
1849; •' Notes on the Epistle to the Kouimus," 
1857; •• Xote.s on Hebrews." 1868; "Church 
I'olitv," l.'i67 ; " E.\elnsireuess of the Bap- 
tiM-." 1857. 

Ripley, J.vmes W.. brev. moj -^-en. r.S..\., 
b. U'i.i,l„am. Ct.. 10 Div. 1794; d. lliirllonl. 
Ct. 16 Mar. 1870. We»t Point. 1814 Eiit. r- 
ing the art., he bei-aine capi. 1 Aug 1825 ; 
capi. of ordnance 30 May. 18.32 : maj. 7 .lulv, 
1838; bivv. lieut.<'ol. fur luerii. cuinluct In :iic 
Mex. war 30 M.iy, 1848; lieu t -col 31 Dee. 
1854 ; hrii:.-gen. ami chief of onlu.im-e il.'pt 3 
Aug. 1861 ; briv. maj -gen. 13 .Mar. 18i;5; re- 
tirol 15 Sept. 1863 He .served uinler Jatk-.m 
in the Seminole war of 1817-18; in I82-1 was 
a eommi>s. for running the boun.lary-line of 
the Fla Indian Ke-ervati.)n ; was tw.> years 
chief of onlnnncc of l)ie Pacific Dept. ; supL 
of the Springlield Ariuur}- in 1841-54; and 
ii>eml>er of the ordnanec buanl from 29 June, 
1847. 

Ripley, Koswell Sabin, brig.-s^'n. 
C.S A., I.. Ohii. all. 1823 ; d. Ciiarleston. S C. 
Aug. 1863. West Point. 184.3. Xephew of 
Gen. J. W. Ripley. Entering the 3d .\rt.. he 
biTame 1st lieut.'Sd Art. Mar. 3. 1847 ; w.is 
ai'le-de-eamp to Gen. Pillow in 1817-8; lirrv. 
capt. for gallantry at Ccrro Gordn. ami major 
for giillantry at Chapullepi-c; resigned .Mar. 2, 
18.'i3, and took up his re.-idenee in Charleston, 
S.C, where he ha.l married. B. lore the c vil 
war. lie had actively engaged in the military 
seivicc of S C. ; took a prominent pait in ilie 
siege of Fort Sumter, liceumc a hrig.-gvii.,aii.l 
was wounded at the battle of Antietniu. Au- 
thor of " Tlie War with Mexico," 2 vols. 
NY. IS49 

Ritchie. Anna Cora. — Sec Mhwatt. 

Ritchie, Koiikrt. i-ommo. US.X . b. I'.i. 
18vO; .1. Pliila. 6 Julv. I87U. Mid-liipinnn I 
Feb. 1814; lieut. 13 ilan. 1825; com. !< Sept. 
1841; capt. 14 Sept. 1S55; commo. (i-etircl 
li.-i) 1867. He ctim. the stcatnsloop " Sura- 
niie." 1861-Mar. 1862. 

Ritchie, Thusia», journalist, h. Tappa- 
hanniH'k. Va., Nov. J, 1778; d liicbinoiid, 
July 12, 1854. His father, a native of S.^t- 
land, and a merchant, died when Thomas was 



RIT 



771 



RTV 



6 yenrs oM. In addition to his academical 
studies, lie devoted some time to iiiediiine ; 
coiiimonecd seliool-keepin;; at the a^e of 21 in 
I'"ivdei-iek>l)iirs; removed to Ilichmonil in 
ISO.'J; and In 1804 lioeame editor of a Demo- 
cmtir" mwspnper, subsequently called the AVcA- 
" iiioiid Eiii/uirei: Of this paper lie was the editor 
and proprietor forty years, exorcising an infln- 
cnee, which, con.-idering its duration, was un- 
cipialled hy th:itof any other pnhlication in the 
Union. In 184') he relinqni-lied the Emjitirer 
to his two sons, havin;^ consented, at the soli- 
citation of I'res. I'olk, to assnnie the editorial 
control of the or^an of his administration, — 
a new paper ealleil the Ihiioii, from which ho 
retired in 1849. TiioM.is, his son, editor of 
the fCu/'i!rer, d. May «!, 1854. 

Ritner, JoskpiJ, f;ov. of Pa. 183.5-9, b. 
I771I; d. Carlisle, Pa., 16 Oct. 1869. lie served 
in the Pa. lo;;isl. in 1S20-" ; was the unsuc- 
cessful caudiilate of the anti-Masons for gov. 
in 1829 ; was an efficient promoter of common 
schiiols, anil a ilistiu;;. opponent of slaverv. 

Bittenhouse, David, LL.I). (U. of'Pa. 
178'2), F.U.S. (179.")), mathematician and as- 
tronomer, l>. near Germantown, Pa., Apr. 8, 
1732; d. Phila. June 26, 1796. His trreat- 
finindfaihcr, a Hollander, established at Ger- 
inantowii ah. 1690 the first paper-mill in Amer. 
While workingon his father's tarm at Norriton, 
he came into pos.scssion of the tools and mathe- 
matical hooks of a deceased uncle, and thor- 
ini;.dily mastered Newton's " Prlnripia." Before 
he was 19, lie discovered the method of fluxions, 
and for some time supposed it was original with 
himself. lie made a clock before ho was 17 
without instruction, and in 1751 applied him- 
self to that art, which he followed for some 
years, attracting public attention by his skill 
and knowledge. At 23 he planned and exe- 
cuted an orrery, which was purchased by 
I'rinceton Coil. A second and larger one was 
niterward constructed by him for the U. of Pa. 
In 1763 he was employed to determine the 
initial and most difficult portion of the bonn- 
dary-line since known as Mason anil Dixon's, 
which he did accurately with instruments of liis 
own construction. He afterward fixed the 
boundaries between N.V., N. J., and Pa., and 
several other States. App. by the Amer. 
Piiilos. Society to observe the transit of Venus, 
June 3, 1769, he was completely successful; 
though, at the moment of apparent contact, his 
emotion was so great,, that he fainted. His 
account was pub. in the "Transactions" of 
the society. In 1770 he removed to Phila., 
where he continued his clock and mathematical- 
instrument making with high reputation. In 
1777-89 he was treasurer of Pa.; succeeded 
Franklin as prcs. of the Philos. Soc. in 1791; 
was director of the U S.mint in 1792-.') ; mem- 
ber of the Acad, of Arts and Sciences at Boston. 
A number of liis pieces are to be found in the 
first four vols, of the "Trans." of the Philos. 
Soc. ; and an " Address " delivered Ix'fore this 
body in 177.'), upon the history of astronomy, 
was pub. by him. A Life of Uittenhousc was 
pnb. in 1813 bv his relative William Barton; 
nod another, liy Prof. James IJenwick, is in 
Sparks'.s " Amer. Biog." 

Ritter, Abraham, of Phila. ; d. 1860, a. 



6S. Author of " Hist, of Moravian Church in 
Phila. 1742-1757," 8vo, 1857; "Philadelphia 
and her Merchants," &c., 8vo, 1860. — AHi- 
hone. 

Rivera (re-viV-ra), Jos6 Frijctdoso, a S. 
Amer. general and a Guaclio, pres. of the !;■- 
nub. of Uruguay 18.30-4; b. ab. 1790; d. 
1854. 

Rivers, William James, educator,, b. 
Charlcstim, S.C., 1822. S.C. Coll. 1S41, of 
which in 18.">l) he was chosen prof, of Greek lit , 
having for a number of years previous con.lnct- 
ctl a large private .school. Author of a " Sketch 
of the History of S.C. to the Close of tli-; 
Proprietary Govt.," 1856; "Catechism of the 
Hist, of S.C," 1850 ; and of a number of co:i- 
tributions to the periodical press of S.C. He 
has much local reputation as a jioet. — A/iju'e- 
toil. 

Rives, JoiiM C, editor Coiyrcssional Globp, 
b. Ky. ab. 1796; d. Georgetown, D.C., April 
10, 1864 Hemoved to Washington in 1824. 
He was a self-made man, and during the early 
part of Jackson's adniiuistration, with Frank 
Blair, sen., Ibnndcd the Gloli". He was never 
a partisan, and was generous in the extreme. 

Rives, William CAniiLL, statesman, b. 
Nelson Co., Va., May 4, 1703; d. near Char- 
lottesville, Va., April" 26, 1868. Grandson uf 
Col. Win. Cabell. Educated at IIani]i. Sid. 
and Wm. and Mary Colls. Studied hiw and 
politics under the direction of Thos. .Jefii'rsoii ; 
was aide-de-camp in 1814-15 with a body uf 
militia called cait for the defence of Va. ; was 
in 1816 a mi'inber of the St.ate Con.st. Conv. ; 
member of the legisl. in 1817-19 and 1822; 
Jl.C. in 1823-9; in 1829-32 minister to 
France; U.S. senator 18.32-45 ; again minister 
to Fiance in 1 849-53 ; member of the peace 
conf. in Feb. 1861. After the secession of Va., 
Mr. Rives became a niemhcr of the Pro\is. 
Confed. Congress at Montgomery. Author of 
" lafe and Times of James Madison," Boston, 
1859-69, 3 vols. 8vo ; on "Agriculture," 1842; 
" Life of John Hampden," 8vo, 1845 ; " Ethic; 
of Christianity," 8vo, 1855; and " Di.scour." 
on the Uses and Importance of llistorv." 
Mrs. Wm. C. Rivics,b. Castle Hill. Albemarle 
Co., Va., 1802, is the author of " The Canary- 
Bird," 1835-6; " Hesidence in Europe," 1842; 
" Epitome of the Bible," 1846-7 ; " Home and 
the World," 1857. 

Rivington, J.vmes, royalist printer an I 
bookseller of New York during the Rcvol., b. 
Lond. ab. 1724; d. N.Y. July, 1802. As a 
bookseller in Lond., he acipiirctl some projierty, 
but lost it at Newmarket. In 1760 lie caiiV.' 
to Amer., opened a shoii in Phila., but in 1 7i;i 
established himself in New York, where, .Aniil 
22, 1773, he began to publish the SuvAod- 
Guzelleer. " His ever open and uniiillnenced 
press" advocated the cause of the F.ngli.j, 
govt, with great zeal, and severely attacked ill' 
patriots. In -May, 1775, he seems to have bem 
placed in continemcnt by order of Congress, 
to which bodv he addressed a remonstrance, in 
which he solemnly declares, " that, however 
wrong and mistaken he may have been in liii 
opinions, he litis always meant honestly and 
openly to do hisduty asaservant of the puliiii.." 
l«ov. 1775, in conscfjueiice of his constant u^ 



no A. 



tacks npon ilic pntrio^*, Cnpi. I>aac Soars, 
witli « tnx)|) of horso, <li-sln>\\'J lii* i>iv>« and 
dtlior npunntliis, ami, carni'n^' ort' tli-.- tyiics, 
CKiiviTliJ thorn into tmlUis. UiviiiL'toii iliou 
Wont to Enj;. ; was a|i|i. kinj;'s printor in N.Y. ; 
tvtunuil with a now pivs.H atV'r tho oitv had 
fallon into tho hamls of iho Uritish : ami, in 
Oct. 1777, rosuMutl the piililication of liis jhi- 
por, tho titlo ol" whi(.n ho soon chan;:oil to 
JiiriifiloH's .V. 1". Luifii ff'iiirrtr, aiul, on IXx-. 
13, to tho /I'liyii/ Giizr'lfr. In 17S1, whon Hriti>h 
suo<x>ss looked vcrj- donlitriil, 1k' tu^K^l >py, 
tunii-^hing W«shin;;ton with im|H>rtant inlor- 
mation ; and, wlion Now York was cvaouatiil, 
Kivinijtoti ivinainotl in the oiiy. Ho ohan^d 
the titlo of his jm|«ir to AVniii^Hi's .Y. 1". f.'.ir./V 
ami I'nirriMil Ailiyrlis^r. His l)U«inoss, hxw- 
e»"or, dix-limxl ; his |M«|>or was stopiii^l in 17S-1; 
and ho passo<l the rv-st of his li;o m ix>ini";ir.i- 
tivo iK>vorty. Ho jiossossoil niuoh taloiit, tine 
mannors. and was woll infonmil. Uis was the 
most intlnontial i\>yalist jonniul of tho tinus. 

Roane, SptsinR, jurist, h. Es-ox. Ya., 
April 4, 1762; d. Soiit. 4, ISii. Ho stndiv^I 
law with Chanocllor Wytho and in I'liila. ; was 
snixvs.-ivoly a monilxT of tho assonihly, of the 
contu'ii, and of tho sonato; was app. a jndjw 
of tho lion. Court in 1789. and in 1794 ajndjK 
of tho Court of Errors. In 1819 ho wa> onoof 
tho coniniiss. for liK-atin^ the I'nivorsity of Ya. 
His wife was a dan. of I'atriok Henry. Ho was 
a Jollorsoniau KopuMioan, and in .svvoral essays 
in tho /•VrAntoin/ /.'n./ nivr, si;;n<-d ".^li^vnion 
Sidney," assortetl the supivnuiov of tho State 
in a ()no:>tion of eontiietiug autiiority liotwwn 
Va. and the U.S. 

Roane, John Sbudes,j!ov, of Ark. 1S4S- 
5-.'. and a bri^.-5^■u. C.S..\. : d. I'ine BlulT, 
Ark.. April 8, 18.'i7. Lieut.-ool. of Yoll's Ark. 
ecivalry in the Moxioan war : di^tin■:. at the 
1> \ttlo of Ituona Yista ; and oom. the rojrt. after 
Yell was killitl: made eol. Fol.. 28. 1847 

Robbins, Ammi Ki-ii am.vii, minister of 
Xoriolfc. Ct.. ft»m 1761 to his d.Oot. 30. 181.1; 
h. Branfonl. Sept. 1740. Y. C. 1763. Son of 
Kov. Philemon. Chaplain in tho anuy in 
Canada in 1776. Ho pub. a half-i-entury ser- 
mon ISll. 

Robbins, Ashi-r. I.L.n. (B.l". 18.-J5), 

huvvor and statesman, h. WotlursfieUI, Ct., 
i:.V7: d. Xow|H.n. U.l.. Kol.. 23. 1845. Y. C. 
1782. Tutor in R. 1. Coll. (now Brown V.) 
1 78.'<-90 ; then stn^lioil law in Now|)ort. where 
hi" estab. himself in pr!Ktie»", and eontiumxl to 
n~i lo. attainini; a hii;h rank in hi> prvifossion. 
I'.S. dist.-atty. in 1812; monituT State lejrisl. 
l''18-25; and" r.S. s<-nator 1825-39. Author 
ot Orition. Julv 4, 182"; addresses and 
s;<-,lu-,. 

Robbins, CiiAsni.Kii,P.D. (H. V. 1855), 

b l.ynu. M,>.. 14 Fob. 1810. H. V. 1829. 
Factor of the Second (I'nit.) Chnrv-h. Boston, 
siniv 4 IXt. 183.1. Author of " IV-dioation 
Sonuon at BosMn." 1845; " Historj- of the 
S^vond Church, and of the New Briek Chnreh," 
8m>. 1 858 : ■' Liturcv for a Chri>tian Church." 
t8.\4: •■ Hvmn-B<x)k." 18.54; Memoir of Ma- 
ria Eliiaboth Chipp, 1858; of William Ap- 
rleton, 1863; also sennons. Co-eilitor with 
nr>. Ijvcruiore of vols. i. and ii. I'rocir*!. Ms. 
Ui>t. Sjc. ; and co-editor Cat. of Lib. of Ms. 



Hist. Soc., 2 vol*. 8\x>. Coutrib. to Ckrisl 
A"-->.«i., A'..i.trr^«ivr, ie. — .1 |7«VW. 

Robbins, K">v.»i.. O.I).. Cong, pastor, 
Kin-iux'ton rari--h. Ik-rlin. Ct , b. AYoihors- 
liold, Ct., Uot. 21, 1788; d. Uor.in. Ct., Marxh 
S6. 1861. Y. C. 1806. (»rd. June 26, 1812; 
di>m. June 26, 1859. .\uthor of "Duiiincsof ' 
History." 8vo. 1839; An Account of Aniorioan 
Literature, in ChamUrs's llist.of Eu^ii^ili Lit- 
erature ; " World l)i>playo<l ; " Memoir of J. 
G. C. Bniinerd, prclixi-<l to an edition of bia 
}«x-ins. and of Jas. l.i. IVrxival iu " SoKviions 
of Amorioan Po<.'tr\-." — t**'. AV. Yulr, ISol. 

Robbins, Thom.vs. D.d. (H. u. 1838), 

clor^:vniau and aniiipiarv, b. Norfolk, Ct., -Vu;;. ■ 

11. 1777; d. Colobrook. Ct.. S.pl. 13, l8o6. I 

Y. C. 1796. He was i«i.-ior of the ehureh in ' 

Ka.st Wiuds«>r, Ct.. in 1809-27 ; at Stamford iu 
1830; and iu 1812-»2 at KotlK-lor. Ms.; he 
at^onvarJs t\->idoil iu Hartfonl. In 1844 he lio- 
eaiuo librarian of the Ct. Hi>t. Soiiety. of 
which he was a founder, to whom he donated 
his valuable librarj-. In 1811 he WRite a s^iies 
of pa[iers for the Ct. Entutirlinil J/117. on ilie 
divmes and statostiK'n of our early history, 
which werv, in 1815, eiill. and pub. as " FirVt 
Planters of Now Eniiland." He also juib. 
Century Sermon. Danlmrv, Jan. 1, ISOl ; 
'• Yiow'of all Koli-ious," 8vo. 1824; Tytlor'i 
Elements of Gen. Historv, rvviMj and cvn In. 
to 1815, 12U10. 1820. .Nfemlur 01' st'vond liUt. 
and antii|nariaii soeiolio. — .Y. /". //. ninl O'. «. 
Jir-i.. xi. 94. 

Roberdeau, Gun. Daxiel, Rcvol. officer, 
b. l?le of Franco, 1727; d. Winchester, Ya., 
Jiui. 5, 1795. Of Hu^'U.not anoe?try. Ho first 
settled in Pa., where ho built a fort at Wyo- 
miu'; at his own exjieu.-e, which w;is dt>tr>iyod 
by tho luilians. He was a hunlKr-more!i.\nt; 
had a froiMl iilucation ; and wius a yroai pub io 
favorite iu I'hila., wliore he long ^e.■•idl^l. An 
active patriot, ho « ;\s ool. of a re;;!., and moiu- 
bor of l"oii'_'rv>s 1 777-9. — /.<v/ii/ /\»(.y u/"AVr. 

Roberdeau, Isv.ic, ciVl. U. S. to|«>g. 

cn!.'>. ; d. Goor^-vlown, D.C., Jan. 15, 1829, 
a. 65. 

Roberts, Axxa S.. b. Phila. 1827 ; d. 
1858. Dau.of Uau'lall H. Rickey ; in 1852 m. 
Solomon W. RoUri«. an omineni civil en';!- 
neer. In 1851 she luih. a vol. uf |>oems. •" For- 
est-Flowers of the West ; " contrih. of pix'try 
to tho ColniiMan and Cmil U'rst 1850-1. — 
^rt" t\'l.<! fiW Porlry vl'l.',- iWfl. 

Roberts, Oex. "Benjamix Stose, b. 
MauchoMer, Yt., 1811. We>t • Point, 1835. 
Enteringthe 1st Dragoons, he U'carac |s| lieut. 
in 1837. bin resiguid 28 Jan. 1839; bccaiui! 
i>rinci|'«l engr. on the Champlnin and Oplens- 
burg Railroad ; and in 1841 a.-^~i>t. gcol.i>;ist of 
tho Slate of N.Y. In 1842 ho visited Russia 
to aisi-it Col. Whistler in the construction of 
railruads there. Reluming to tho CS. lie was 
ailui. 10 the l<ar, and seiile\l in its praetloc in 
Iowa in 184.1-6. Ho re-<-nterpd the imiy 27 
May, 1846, as 1st lieut. mounted rifles; Uo.nne 
capt. 16 Feb 1847 ; hrev. major for gallaniry at 
Chapuliepcc, wher« he com. a s'onnin:;-pnrtv ; 
sorred under Gen. Lane against ihe guerilla.* ; 
and was brer, lieut. <ol. for his conduct at 
Matamoras and the Pass of Gu.'vUjara ; inaj. 
3d Car. May 13, 1861. When the civil nat 



ROB 



r.3 



ROB 



began, he was with liis re^-t. in X. Mexico, and 
was a:isignc(l by Col. Oanby lo com. the souili- 
ern (list. He defended Fort Crai^ against the 
Texan forces nniler Sihiev ; was hrev. eol. 21 
Feb. 18G2for Valveide ; aiul June I, 1862, was 
oidered to Washington wiih ihe tiophies and 
reports of the campaign ; July IG he was 
made brig.-gen., and assigned to Gen. Pope's 
Army of Va. as chief of cavalry; acting insp.- 
gen.,'dept. of the North-west, Sept.-Nov. 1862; 
com. 1st. div. 19th corps in La. June-Julv, 
1SG4; chief of cavalry, dept. ofthe Gulf, Oct. 
ISGi to 24 Jan. 186.'); and com. in West 
Tenn. Fcb.-July, 1865 ; lient.-col. 3d Cav.,and 
retired Jnly 28, 1866; brev. brig.-gen. Mar. 
13, '6.1, for Cedar Monntain, Va. — Ciillmn. 

Roberts, Coi,. GEonoE Washington, b. 
Chester Co., I'a., Oct. 2, I8,i;) ; killed at Stone 
River, Pec. 31, 1862. Y.C. 1857. He prac- 
tised law in his native county and in Chicago 
alter 1 March, 1860. July 22, 1861, he was 
made inaj. 42d III. Vols., licut.-col. in Sept., 
and col. at the death of Col. Webb. He espe- 
cially disting. himself by spiking a number of 
guns at Island No. 10. An upi>cr battery of 
the enemy prevented all boats from passing. 
Selecting a dark and stormy night, he, with 40 
men In small boats, bravely accomplished this 
daring exploit. Also disting. at the battle of 
Farinington, at the siege of Corinth; com. a 
brigade of the Army of the Mpi. in the cam- 
paign of 1862 ; andin the battle of Stone Riv- 
er, with his brigade, kept at bay two divisions 
of thecnemy. While heailing a successful bay- 
onet charge of the 42d, he was killed. — Y.D. 

u!,:i. l:<rord. 

Roberts, Robert Richkokd, D.IV, a 
Melbodisi bishop, b. F>ederiek Co., Md., Aug. 
2. 1 776 ; d. Lawrence Co., Ind., March 26, 1 843. 
With only the rudiments of a common educa- 
tion, he was licensed to preach in 1800, and 
soon manifested extraordinary abilities. In 
18117 he was app. to the Light-'st. Church, Bal- 
timore; was stationed at Georgetown in 1812, 
at I'hila. in 1813 ; was in 1815 pres. elder of 
Schuylkill Uist., which then included I'hila 
and its vicinity ; in 1816 was elected pres. of 
the I'hila. conf. ; and in the following May he 
was elected bishop. His Life, aliounding in in- 
teresting anecdotes, was written by Rev. C. 
Llliot. 

Roberts, William, pub. an Account of 
the Discovery and Natural History of Florida, 
4to. 17t;:i. 

Robertson, Alexander, painter, sec. of 
tbu Ai ad. of Fine Arts ; d. New York, May 27, 
1841, a. G'J. 

Robertson, Axthony L., jurist, b. N.V. 
Ciiy, June, 1803 ; d. Dee. 18, 1868. Col. Coll. 
1825. He |)raetised law; became assist, vice- 
chancellor 5ih dist. in 1846; was afterward 
surrogate of the county of N. Y. ; became judge 
of the Superior Court in 1859, and chief justice 
in 18I'.."). 

Robertson, Geoboe. LL.D., jurist, b. 
Merier Co., Ky., Nov. 18, 1790 ; d. Jan 1871. 
Alexander his father settled near Gordon's 
Station, Ky., in 1779; was sheritF of Mercer 
Co.; d. 1802. George studied at Transylv. 
Coll. and at Finlcy's Classical School, Lan- 
caster; began to practise law in 1809; M.C. 



1817-21 ; member of the State legisl. 1822-7 
speaker 1823 and 182.5-7; sec. of state in 
1828; judge of the Court of Appeals 1828; 
chief justice of Ky. 1829-43; prof, of law in 
Transylv. Coll. 23 years. Ho declined the 
governorship of Ark. and the missions to Co- 
lomiiia and Peru. Many of his speeches, ad- 
dresses, and other writings, have been pub, in 
" The Scr.ip-Book," 8vo, 1856. Ho also ).iib. 
" Biog. Sketch of Hon. John Boyle," 8vo, 
1838. 

Robertson, James, lieut.-gen. Briti-h 
army, b. Fireshirc, Scotland ; d. Kng. 4 Mar. 
1788. App. maj. 1st batt. of the 60ih Hegt. 
Dec. 1755; del). (|uarterm.-gcn. under Gen. 
Abcrcrombie, May, 1758, and present at Luuis- 
burg ; lieut.-eol. 8 July, 1758; uceonip Am- 
herst to Lakes George and Champlain in 1 759 ; 
ajip. to the 55th Regt.; took part in the expcil. 
against Martiniio in 1762; exchanged into 
the IGili Regt. in 176'!, and was staliom-d in 
N.Y. until tiie Revol. broke out; col. in 1772; 
ord. to Boston in July, 1775; ajjp. inaj.-gen. 
in Amer. 1 Jan. 1776; col. comg. 60th Regt. 
II Jan. 1776; maj.-gcn. 29 Aug. 1777 ; col. 
16ih Regt. 14 May, 1778; lietit.-gcn. 2(1 Nov. 
1782. At the evacuation of Boston, he not 
only shared in the plunder of the place, but 
connived at that of others. He com. the 6th 
brigade of Howe's army at the battle of Long 
Island; returned to Kng. in Feb. 1777 ; was 
commissioned gov. of New York 14May, 1779; 
sworn in 23 Mar. 1780; and returned to Kng. 
15 Apr. 1783. While the fate of Aiidr^ was 
pending, he was despatched by Clinton to Gen. 
Greene with the object of procuring his ex- 
ch:inge orreli'nse, but without result. 

Robertson, Gen. James, b. Brunswick 
Co., Va., June 28, 1742; d. Chickasaw Agen- 
cy, Tenn., Sept. I, 1814. He was one of the 
early pioneers to Tenn., having emig. to Wa- 
tauga in 1769; and was the founder of the 
Cumberland settlement*. In 1790 he was api>. 
brig.-iri'n. and com. of the Tenn. militia. Dur- 
ing the latter part of his life, he was U.S. agent 
at the Chickasaw Nation. — .See Hist, of if Id. 
T(-iin., or Life and Times of Gen. Jas. linlierfaon^ 
III/ .1. ]y. fiatnitm, pres. Tenn. Hist. Soc., 8vo, 
1859. 

Robertson, Thomas Bollino, gov. of 
La. in 1820-2, b. Richmond, Va., 1778; d. 
White Sulphur Springs, Va., Oct. 5, 1828. 
Wm. and Mary Coll. 1807. He was U S. dist. 
judge of La., and the first M.C. elected in that 
Stale 1812-18. 

Robertson, William, D.D., historian, 
b. Borthwiek, Scotland, 19 Sept. 1721 ; d. 
Kdinburgh, lljune, 1793. Studied theol. at 
Edinb. ; held various livings; became chaplain 
of Siirling Castle in 1759; priuei|ial ol the 
U of Edinb. in 1762; and roy. hi^toriou'rapher 
of Scotland in 1764. Author of " llislorv of 
Scotland." 1759; "History of Charles V," 
1769; "History of America," 2 vols. 4io, 
1777; "Hist. Disquis. concerning the Knowl- 
edge which the Ancients iiad of India." 1791. 
He is generally accurate and impartial in the 
narration of events, and judicious in bis esti- 
mate of character. 

Roberval, Jean Franiiois de la Roijce, 
Sieur de, a nobleman of Picardy, and the lir?! 



ROB 



774 



KOB 



lo nitompt to coloniic Now France iifiiT Car- 
lirr ; il. 154*. lit) wus a (li>liij^. sulilicr, mxl 
liiiii iilitiiiiii'il tlic kiii;;'^ niiist^'ni to (.'ovvni niiil 
culoiiizv (.'uiiikIii. lie Ml out ill I.'>4J, iiii<l wiii- 
luicd HI SliMlat-uiKi (Qik'Uv). IK- led nii nil- 
6llCl'v^;*^lll ixpitl. iiiiu tliu interiur of tlio loun- 
irv, liuiii;; J4 men .<t QikIkc, iiikI one .iliip, 
wiiieli uiis sniik. liidlcuil ol senilin); Miecor lu 
liMii, ilie \kUi\; orderud Curlier to lirin^ liiin 
liui.ii.-. ii> U.i v.iliialilo svrviees were re<|mre<l ill 
I'leaiilt, wiiere the war llhii rxi»i«l. lU- p.r- 
loriiH'il M'veral gallant exploits but in ICI7 
6.iiU'il a Mvuiiil time lor Canada with n lar^c 
and V iliialde exjud., tint was wrecked ou llio 
|. i--a:;e, ami ail |).rislied. 

Robeson, Gi:oituK Maxwell^ sec. U.S. 
navv; upp. JiJuiie, ItiG'J; l>. N..I. 1824. N.J. 
Coii. 1847. Alty.--eii. N.J. 1SG6-9. 

Robie, TituM.\s, M.I)., b. Boston, 20 Mnr. 
16SJ; d. i8 All)-. 1729. 11.U.170S; tuiortliero 
1714-2 ), and libraiiun. He pnli. " The Knowl- 
edj;e of Chri>t," 1721 ; and in I'liiln. Tr.ins., 
'• Alkaline Salts," and " Venom ot the Sjiider," 
1721.1-4. Conirib. to ina-;s. Sou of 'Win. of 
Bu<ion. At lirst a preacher, nfUTward u pliy- 
»ieian. 

Robin, Cl.\1'dg C. AliBK, a chaplain in 
RkK.'haniiK'au'sarniy in Ainer. during' the licrol. 
war. Author of " New Travels throui;li N. 
Aiuirioa in 1781," &c., 8vo, 1782, Pliila. ; 
■• \'u./ii'itsilani I'liMieur d» la LoiiUiane," Sx., 
Paris, ':i vols. 8vo, 1807. 

Robinson, Col. Bstbri.ey, loyalist, b. Vo. 
172.i; d. riioriibuiy, Eu^., 17'J2. Sou of John, 
pivs. of the council of \'a. in I7a4, and nfier- 
waids speaker of the house of bur;^'sses. Was 
u major under Wolfe at the storming of Que- 
bec III 175'J, and became very weallliv by his 
inarria^-e with ilio dun. of KixMerick rhillip>e, 
the owner of an immense landed estate on the 
UtuUoii. Tiiou^b op|>o>ed lo the measuivs 
which led to the s<'|iar.ition of ilio Colonics 
Iroin (lie mother-conn I ry, he took sidt-s « ith the 
loy.ili...is when inde|>enden -e was declaird. llo 
ivmoved lo N. York, and raised the Ixjyal 
American Ue^t., of which he was col. He was 
lonccriieil in tlio ttvuisou nf Arnold ; and his 
coiiniryiiiansion was the headquarters of the 
l.iticr while arran^im; his nelarious prvgcct. 
At the eoncliision of the war, he went lo Knir- 
niili n poriion of his family. His .son Bevisk- 
LEY (t ol. Coll. 1773, and' a lieut.-ool. Briiish 
army) setiKd near St. John, N.li., was a 
lUc'iibiT of the council, and d. New York in 
1 .- 1 0. This lainily was one of the larip.>st losers 
l.y irsU.ia.ty. 

Robinson, Conway, b. Kichmond, Va., 
1 Sii.'. Auilior of " Forms of rr.ictice in Va.," 
f>vo, 1326 ; •• Law and Kipiiiy IViciicc in Va.," 
3 vols. Svo, 18.12-9 ; " Ue|ioris Ct, of Ap|K'als 
and Gen. Ct.," 1842-4, 2 vols. Svo ; " Account 
ol Di^euvcrics in the West," &c., Svo. 1848; 
•• Views of llic Consiiluiion of Va.," Svo, 1830 ; 
" I'riiciice iu Ku^lish ami U.S. Cts.," 4 vols. 
Svo, 1 StiO. One of ihn revisers of ibo Va. code, 
1S;9. and a conirib. to .Im^r. JmisI, Lntc Muy., 
and ■». Lit. Meisrmjer. — AHilioHe. 

Ro'oinson, i:d\vari>. D.I). (O.C. 18.^I, 

t. ol II i.le 1842), LU.I). (V.C. 1844), bibli- 
cal .-diolnr, b. Soiithin^lon. Ct.. Apr. U), 
1794; d. New York, Jan. 27. ISG3. Ham. Coll. 



1816; tnior ilicre I '17. Married n ifaii. of S 
Kirkland the iiiia.Moiiary, who die. I iu ISIQ 
Cuniinniuj; bis studies nt Clinton till IS2I, h<i 
Went to Andocer to pub. iho lirst 6 l>o<>ksof tin) 
"Iliad," which lie hud edited; studied Hebrew ; 
assisted I'rof. Sluuri in bis literary labors; and 
wasapp.anassist. insirucionhcre. 'From 1826 to 
18.'10he travelled and studied in Kurope, wsero 
liemarriedTlic'n^c.dau.of Pi-of. Jakuliol Uaile. 
Ue was prof exlniorJinarv of s,\crcd liieraiiire, 
and librarian ut Amluver in 18!0-3; and from 
IS.')7 till his deaih was prof, of bibl. lit. in llio 
Un. Thiol. Seui. in N.Y. Ciiy. In IS'JS he 
visitetl I'alesiine, of which he,' with Kcv. K i 
Smith, made u ininuie and careful snrtcy. Ilij 
"Biblical KeseurK'lics in I'alcsiino" were pub. 
in Halle, Lund., aiul Boston, in 1S41. The ro- 
sulis ol a second visit iii 18 J2 were pub. in IS36, 
with II rvvision of his previous rcseiirehi-s. Dur- 
ing; ihe latter part ol his life, he was eii^a^>d 
uiion a physical ami histurical Kco^'r.ipliy of tlio 
lioly Land. He tisitctl (ieriuany in tlie siiin- 
mer of 1862 for sur,:ical tivatiueut of his eyes, 
bciii;; threatened with loss of siyht. He 'wms 
an iiclivc and elBcienl inemlHT of the t;eo- 
graphical, oriental, and eiliiio!o,;ical socic.lcs. 
llis oilier works arc n Iraiislaiion of " Butt- 
man's Greek Gnimmar," 1832 and 1850; a 
" Greek ami Enjilisli Lexicon of the New Tes- 
tament," 18-16 and 1850; '• The Harmony of 
the Four Gosik-Is," in Greek, 1845, and in Eng- 
lish. 1846. Fi-oin 1831 to 18.14 be e<liled tlio 
liilJictil AV/xwi/ury, which, when united with 
the '* liiUiolhei-a ^ia\i," ho cstablislietl and 
olited one year in N. York. He has u!»> edileil 
Calmei's " Biblical Diet., ' and a irunslaTloii of 
Gesenius's "Hebrew l.,exiioii." In 1859 lio 
)>ub. a .Memoir of his father, Uev. Win. Itobiii- 
son, with some aeconni of his ancestors. — 5« 

/.-.< are I;, il. B. i>«///i, DO.. ami n. u. unch- 

M-t. U.O , 12ino. 1863. 

SLobinson, Kzekiel Gilhan, D.O., prof. 
Roeliester Theol. Sem.,b AnloU.ro", M>.. 1815. 
B. U. 1838. E.liior C7iii«/ Hei-leie 1859-64. 
Translniorof Neauiler's " History of the Plant- 
ins; ot the Chureli." Svo, 1865; he pul>. Address 
on the Keluiion of the Church and the Bible, 
1 866. Chosen Pre^ of Rmwn I\ in Feb. I s*". 

Robinson, Fayktte. author, b. Va. ; d. 
New York. Maivh 26, 1859, from |^i>on. Au. 
tlior of " .Me.\ico and her .Military Chieftains," 
Phila. 1847 ; " (.)r{;aiiization of the U.S. Ar- 
niv," a vols. 1848; and "California and its 
Gold Uosions." N.Y. 1849; " Siianisli Gram- 
mar;" " Wiianl of the Wave, ' a Minaneo, 
Svo. 1 8.53. Tninslate<l Bril'al Savarin's" Physi- 
oloiry of Tasle," Svo, l!>54. 

Robinson, Sir Frederick Piiii.Lif<>E, 
gk-n. in the Biiiish arinv, b. in the Hl^hliinds 
of New York, Sept. 176'3 ; d. BriL'liIiin. Jan. 1, 
IS52. Sou of the loyalist Col. Beverly. Ho 
was aiuichcd lo his father's (Loyal American) 
Tv^t., and in Feb. 1777 rei'oivctl a commission 
as ensign, beins; then but 14 years of ii;;c. At 
llie capture of Stony Point, he was wounded 
and taken prisoner ; was siib^ctpicntly cx- 
ehan|:e<l; left the U.S. ; served in the W.l'nilies, 
Spiiii, am! lastly in Canada. pa.s>in); thrvu;:h 
all the cnidaiions of rank. He cjin. a bri;,'ada 
at the kittle of Viiioria ; al the siej:e of St. 
Sebastian, whcrv he was wounded; and at the 



ROB 



775 



ROB 



pnssajjc of the Xivc. At the tcrniiiiiitmii of the 
Pciiiii^iiiar war he went to ('niiuda a-i com. 
ill rhJLl (if the foixvs ; in the war of I8l2-:5 
he liail tliK cum. of two bri|.:ailis inietidol (or 
llieiiiiack of llie worlis at I'latt^lmr:; on Like 
Cham|iliiii,Se|it. I8U; ami Iroiiijiily I. I8I.'>, 
(iiiiil 1816, was iiuv.ol' Upper Caiiaila'; in 1815 
h>' rceeivol llie order of kiii^'lithixul. nml in 
IS38 was iii|vaucc<l to that of ti.e (.'ran:! cross ; 
he aitaineil the full rank of iren. in 1841. 

Sobinson, IIokatio N.. 1,1,. I)., author 
of iiiaili -iiiaticil lexi-liook.s. h. H.n iwick, S.V., 
J 111. I, I811G ; d. Kli)rld;;e, X.Y , J. in. 19, 1867. 
lie hail an onlinarv education, hut ut the a^a 
of 16 made the calculations lor an almanac, 
U'hich attracted the uttcntion of a wealthy 
ceni'ieni.in in the vicinity, who sent him to 
N. J. Coll. App. a prol. of maihem itics in die 
navy at 19, he (illed that post lor |ij years ac- 
c.'ptahly. He look charge of an acad. at < a- 
intiidai;{ua in LS.'Jj, and afterward of one at 
Genesee. Impaired health led him to remove 
in 1844 to Cincinnati, where be ijroduccil his 
" University Al^'hra," — n work of inueli oii- 
pinality, the jjreat success of which cnconraired 
him to prepare several other works, lie re- 
moved to Syracuse, X.Y., in 18IJU, and in 
I8.'i4 to Klliridi^e. Some of the hcst practical 
c.deui of the connliy was employed to assist 
liiin in loinplelin;;; his .series by addiiii; a full 
course of elementary text-books, nnniberini; 22. 
The m' rit of these text-hooks is attested liy 
their very lar^cand increasin;^ circulation, and 
the testimony of the hot cdncators ot the 
country. Ilis latest work, " Uifferential and 
Iiite^-ral f^ilculiis," 1861, was in 1868 edited 
by 1. !••. Qiiinl.y. — ^l////«»c. 

Hs'jinsonl Ges. Ja.mes S., b. ncarlLins- 
fiold, 0., Oct. 14,1823. Enterin- the 4th Ohio, 
ha p;ir..iiipatcd ia the Kich-Mountaiii cam- 
pjjn, June, 1831 ; maj. 82d 0. Oct. 26, 1861 ; 
lieni.-<ol. Apr. 1G62; served in the Shcnan- 
do lit und T Fremont; at the second Bull Run ; 
col. Aui;. 29, 1862; in the Chanccllorsville, 
G-ttysbur^ (whire he was severely wounded), 
Atl;iiit;i, and Gi. cami)ai;^9 ; com. 3J l)ri;;adc, 
1st div. 20th corps. Iroin May 1, 1''64; and 
in tlie b-Ttlis ot Uc.saca, Dallas, Xew-ho(Xi 
Church, Peach-rrce Creek, Averyborough, and 
IJ.iitouvilie; brev. bri-,'.-gcn. Dec. 12, 1864; 
brl_'.-;.'en. .Ian. 12, 1865; brev. maj.-gen. Mar. 
|.), 1 Ho. — /Iciils 01,(0 ill tlic Il'/r. 

Bobinson, Joiix, an En;;li9h di.sscntin^ 
c!er;\man, l>. 1575; d. Leyden, March 1, 1625. 
Kdiicitcd at Camhiid;:e, and for a time hold a 
ben"lice near Yannouth in Norfolk, but be- 
c uie pastor of a dissenting con^'. in the north 
of En;.;land in 1602. "Beset by the a;.'ents of 
ta • prelacy," itsinembcrB(in 1 607) attempted to 
leave for Holland, but were prevcntid, and kept 
tinder arrest for a luimth; in 1608 they re- 
moved to Ain-terdam, and ah. 1609, by advice 
01 Ko inson, they removed to L-ytlen. Here 
t)i y b.cainc by arrivals from Eiiy;. a (.Teat con- 
};ro'.;atioti. Here Kob'nson accepted the chul- 
1 ti;^" of Episcopius, the successor of Arminius, 
andd t'eniler of hi< doctrines. A public disputa- 
tion V.MS h Id in the pR'.sence of a large a.ssira- 
bly ; and ill ■ friends of the former assert that 
" the Truth had a famoiig victory." In 1617 
Bobinsou cbtcicd heartily into the plan of form- 



ing a settlement in Ameri' a. A mi.ioiiiy of 
his congregation, under Brewster, s t out Juljr 
22, 1620; but Robinson, v.hose intention it was 
to follow with the remainder, d. I.elbre ihc con- 
sent of th ■ u^s<jeiatioti of Englih merchants 
who controlled th- in terprise could l.eolitaini'd. 
The rest of his rhurrh eniig. soon afi er his deal h. 
His son Isaac came here as ear.y as 16.')0. A 
complete ed. of his wriiin^.'S was pub. at Boston 
in 1851, in .3 vois., with M' luoir and Annota- 
tions bv Robert A^liton. — .i'.c O'eiKul. Ilcg., 
Ai)iil, 1866. 

So'oinson, Sib .Io-in Bevf.hlev, ban. 
(created l:-54), D.C.y>., b. Berilii. r, L.C,.Iuly 
26, 1791; d. ToroniO, 30 Jan. 1S6.3. Chiiso- 
plur his father, a Bii ish officer wl;o served in 
the Revol. war, afienv.ud resided iti X.B. John 
was adm. to the bar; was clerk of the A^s-mMy 
one vi-ar; atty.-gm. at the age of 21 ; so.i itor- 
gen."l815-ly; again atty.-giin. 1818-23; diief 
jus'ice of Upper Canada liom .July 15, 1.S29, 
to his d. ; 18 yeara a lueinberof the le;,L-!. A 
vol. und r (jin. Brock at ihe capture of De- 
troit. Author of some vahiubl ■ works oa Can- 
ada. Chancellor of Triaiiy College, Toronto. 
— MoiyiDi. 

Robinson, Jons Clevcl-inb, brov. m-j.- 
gcn. U.S. .v.. b. Bingliainton, X.Y., April 10, 
1817. Eatering the Military Acad, in ls35, lit 
left it in 1838 to study lav.-; but in 13.39 wjj 
made lieut. 5th Inf. During the Mixican war 
lie was di ting, at Alontia-ev, and made It li ut. 
June, 1846; capt. Auk. 18j0; maj. 2d Inf. Feb. 
20, 1862; ccd. 4.3d Inf. July 28, 1865. He 
served agiiinst the Indians of Fla. anl Uiah. 
At the l)e;;intiiiig of the civil war he com. at 
Fort Mcllenrv, BaUiiin re; app. col. 1-t Mich. 
Vols., he Ura'mel.rig.-gen. Apr. 28, 1832; took 
com. of the 1st Ini ade of Kearney's divi.rioa 
in the corps of Ileintzelman, .and was disJa;. 
ia the battles liefor- Hichmond, especially those 
on June 30 and July 1, 1862 ; also at the sec- 
ond Bull Run, Chantilly, and Fred' ricks' airg; 
com. div. and cngatrcd at the second Frvd;;r- 
ieksburg, Chancellorsville, Gatysbiir;;, Mine 
Run, Mitchell's Station, baithsofthe Wi.d-.r- 
ness, .S|>oit.<ylvania C. II., and Toild',s Tavcm, 
where he lost a leg; brev. maj.-gen. vols; brev. 
lieut.-col. U.S.A. for (Jettysburg; brev. col. for 
the Wilderness; brev. brig.-gi n l()r Spotsylv. ; 
and brev. maj.-gen. for gallant and iinjrit. ser- 
vices duriTig the war. Retired as a maj.-gen. 
May 6, 1869. 

Robinson, Joiix Sr.vxiFonD, gov. of Vt. 
1853-4, U. Bennington, Vt., Nov. 10, 1804; d. 
Charleston, S.C, Apr. 25, 1S60. Wins. Co'l. 
1824. He settled as a lawyer in his native 
town, and rose to eminence in the profession. 
Was many years in the legisl. of Vt., and w.i8 
a deleg. to the Chark-ston Denioc. Convention. 

Robinson, Jo.natihk, chief justice of Vt. 
1801-7; U.S. senator 1807-15; bro. of Gov. 
Mo.-es ; d. Benniu''ton, Vt., 3 Nov. 1319, a. 64. 

Robinson, AI-^ttiiew, Lord Rokeby, b. 
near Hythe, Kent Co., 1713; d. Xov..30, I'SOO. 
Son of Matthew, and reei ived his i duca.ion at 
Westminster and Cambridge. M.P. for Can- 
terbury in 1747, and again in 1754, conducMng 
himself with singular integrity and i!ii!e;i'nd- 
cnce. During the Amer. war he remou-irated 
B-ith peculiar energy against the measures 



ROD 



776 



ROC 



tAkcn i^^ninst the coloniets. He foreaaw the 
evil const^jui nil's wliich must proccc»l from 
ctK'rcioii, ;iiiil he ivj>n>t>ati'«l laxaiiun without 
rcpivseiuation. B_v thi.' J'rtth of his uncK". the 
Anhlii-hop of Arnt-vh, in Oct. 1794, he lu-- 
qiilivil the tit'.e of LcirJ Kokcliv. Ili^ icccn- 
tricitv was *uch as to oxcite tnuch curiosity. 
lie \voiv his U-anl rvachin^ tii-arly to tho luid- 
of his body : his iiiatiiioiN, and hal'iis of lifi-, 
■npnxtchi.'d to j.riiuitive Riin|ilicit_v. Ho was 
distill^, for liis anlvnt lovo of fnvdom ; was 
inimical to uioasurcs which iii liis oiinion cn- 
crutwhod on tin' li l>cr:ie"s of ituuikind, and ceased 
not to liil up his voio.- a^sunst every spe>ii-« of 
opprv«.-ion. Author of " ConsiJi rations on the 
M'.'asuiV'S « iih resj> ct to the British Colonics," 
1774; "Consider.itions" v^c. 1775; "Funhcr 
Examiii.iii.>i of Amerii-.tn il a-^urvs," 1776; 
" Pcacv the Best Policy ," 1777. 

Kobiuson, .MtRKiTT M.. Uvi*t : d. I.i. i 

June, ISr^ti. Keporier of the ■'Nup eiiic Court 
of La., he prcpiin-vl lor tlio prvss 16 roUiineS 
of IJeports, «<-ei)ni|i;inicd l>y raiir.'iiiul notes ; 
«Imi •• Uij;e>t of Ilic Peual Laws of L«.," 8to, 
1841. 

Robinson, Moses, statesman, b. Ilanl- 
wi.k. M-., Mur. 26. 1741 ; il. Benninu'ion. Vt., 
Miiyae, 181!. A.M.ofY.C. ITs^g. His father 
Ciipt. SiiMil. was one of the first settlers of Vt. 
Bn>. of Judp.' J.Mmihan. Chief ju>tii-e of Vt. 
Oct. 177S: j:ov. 1789-90; US. senator 1791- 
6. He w:is an opponent of J^y's Treaty. 

BobinSOn, Solox, Ij. near Tolland, Ct., 
180:l, II - a>ntrU> larp-'ly to ii;:ric. journals, 
Xki the .V. 1'. Trilniuf, nnd to jierioilicnls. He 
has pub, '■ Hot Corn, Life-S»'cnes in N. Y.," 
1853; "Hoiv to Live," 1860; " Facts for Fann- 
ers," ic, Svrt. 1864 ; " Mc-wo«-i-loc," 1867. 
— Dunifiiis Offliand /"■it/iK/s. 

Bobinson, Stcart, D. D., pastor Sd 
I'lesh. Cli . I^Miisviile. Ky. Has been prof, of 
llieti|o;jv ai Danville Sen) , Kv. Has publishoti 
•• The Oluue'i of Cod,"' &c.. liroo. 1858 ; " Dis- 
couiNcs of Kiilenipiion." &c., 8vo, 1866. 

Robinson, TnURfeSE AIBERTISE I.orisE 
I Vox J.icoti). autlioros, known under the 
name of " Ta;vi " (her initials), b. Halle. C.er- 
in:iny, Jan. 26. 1797; d. Hanibun.'. April I."», 
1869. In 1807 she accomp. her lather to Riis- 
^ia, whore he became pr«f. in the I', of Kliar- 
k.v. Here she studied the Slavic lanpuajre, 
and wrote lier fir>t poems. She afterwanl stuil- 
ic»l at St. Pefcrsbun; ; ivtume^l to Halle in 
1816, and ,<tudieil LJilin. A few of her tales, 
un'ler the title of" P.«yelie," nppcar\il at Hnlle 
in 1825. In 1822 she" translatctl Scott's " Old 
Mortality " and • The Black Dwarf." She 
Iranslatetl. from the Servian, poems under the 
title of ••IWiW.W.rrf^r A-hm.'avols. I825-«: 
in 1829 she m. Pruf Kd. R..binson. and in IS.W 
came with him to America. She translated 
into fSermun Piekeriii'„''s work on "•The Indian 
Tonu'Ues of Jf..\.," Lcil>sic, 18.14 : in I8."t4 she 
wrote for the /i/Wico/ AVyms/tory '* An Historical 
View of the Slavic L;in;;naj:vs," repub. in 1850 
bv it»elf She visited CJcmniny in 1M7-40, 
and pub. there " An Essay on the Hisn>ric«l 
Ch.irjicterisiics of the Popular Soni;» of the 
Cenuanie Nations." &c.. 1840; also a small 
work entitleil " Tlie Poems of Ossi;m not 
Genuine." She aftcrwaiil pub. " A History 



of Captain John Smith " in German ; " Th* 
Coloniintion of New Knir.," 1847; " Heloi»e, 
or the UnrcTcaled Sccrvt." 1850; " I.ile'a Dis- 
cip inc. a Tale of the AnnaU of Hun;o>ry," 
1851 ; and " The Exih-s." 18M, afterward pub. 
as " \Voo<lhi'.l ;" and she nmlnb. to tmhous 
AnH'rican and (lerman in-riixlicals. After ibe 
de.itli of her husband, in 1863, she relumed to 
(.ienufuiy. 

Rocbambeau (ro'.shr>n'-bo), Jeam Bap- 

TISTE HoNATltx N'iMECR. Count de, marslial 
ol Fran.v. b. VendoUK-, 1 July, I7;;5; d. 10 
May, 1807. Entering the army at 16, be 
siTvcil nniirr Br\it;lie; becjime in 1745 aiile to 
Louis Philip, Duke of Orleans ; alterwardeom. 
the r\'):iment 1^ Marehe, and was disiin'.;. ai-d 
Wounded at I.,afeldi. He attainol fre-li laun-ls 
at Crevelt, Minden, Corhaeb. and Closlcn-uuip. 
Maile lieut.-pcn. in 1780. and sent with a euqis 
of 6.000 men to tliea>sislaui-eof the Anieriiiins, 
lie diseinliarkol at K.I. in July, 1780; aetctlin 
ruiicert with VVasliini;lon, tirM apiinsl Clinton 
in N.V., and tiR-n against Cornvvnllis, rentier- 
in^imjiortant scrricesat ihesietp." of Vnrktown, 
and receivin:;tlie surrender of the Uriiish urniy 
19 Oct. 1781. Rocliambi-au was p'e>entid 
with the captured cannon. He ri-ct-ived the 
dixvraiion ol the Saint-Esprit in 1783; »»« 
made a marshal in 1791: and early in 1792 
com. the Army of tiie North, He narrowly 
esn«j>e<l the pui loiineduriu'r the IJeitn of Ter- 
ror. In 1804 Bonajmrte pivc him a pension 
and the cross of prand officer of the Lepion 
of Honor. His " Memoirs " werv pub. 2 vols. 
8vo. 18i>9, and intnslatetl by M. W. E. Wn-hi, 
Paris. 8vo, 1.-.18. His son JosEni Ma hie, 
Vieomte de, aide-dcH.-amp to bis father in the 
AmeriiMU Rcvol., and col. Re-_'t. Auxonne, 
servol in the W. Imlics, Italy. St. Domin'.'o, 
&c. : l«caine a yen. ; nnil w;is"killeil at the bat- 
tle of I^ii-ie 18 Oct ISl.l. a. S-). 

Rochefoucauld Liancourt (n>-h -foo- 

ko'le -iink''or'). Kr.invois.Xlexanpri: Kred., 
Duke de la, b. 14 Jan. 1747 ; d. Pari, 27 .Mar. 
1827. Grand-master of the wanlrobe to I.«uis 
XV. and XVI.; dep. to the Siaies-tien . und 
the advoiiite of just and necessary reforms : 
pres. of the national assembly alter the taking 
of the Bivstille in July, 1789; ineml<er of the 
constituent assembly; military omi at Rouen 
in 1792. Alter tlie lOth of' Aul:usi be left 
France. rvsideJ in Enp.. and travelleil tbmuiih 
the I'.S., but rcturne<l to France after the 18th 
Brumuire. ilevotinp himself to the prosecution 
of the useful arts and to benevolent offici-s. 
He was 2.1 years insp.-sen. of the S<h>Hd of 
Arts and Trades at Chalons. He estahlishetl 
the first saviiips-luink in France, ainl was mHn- 
eniialin intro«lueini: vaccination there. Cienied 
a |>eer after the restoration in 1815. Antlior 
of " ViMffttjt tiaits Us KttUt-Vmts*' (175(5-7), 
8 vols iSmo ; and " Accouni of the Prisons of 
Phila.." 8vo, 1796. His Life by his sou was 
pub in 1827. 

Rockingham, Ch.»rle,« Watsox Wext- 

woKTii. iimniiiis, statesman, h. .May 13. 1730; 
d 1 .lu V. 1782. lie sucevedi-d to the title in 
1750: enieasl the hou-e of peers in 1751: re- 
sii;ne<l his offices in 176.'): was app. first lord 
of the treasury in July, 1765; resipne.! 1 Aup. 
1766. When the Li)rd North ministnr sue- 



ROC 



777 



ROD 



rumticil, he a^ain took the chief direction of 
atl.iirs ill March, 1782, but (Ucii shortly after. 
Diiriii'^' the Stamp-act discussions in 17fi."), lie 
took ilic iiiidille course, of repealinfr llic act, and 
dccliiriiij; tile ri';ht to tax the Colonies. Uur- 
iiiL' North's administration, he was the leader 
111 ilio aristijcratic party of the opposition in the 
House of Lunls. 

Rockwell, -f- Edsox, D.D., h. Salisbury, 
Vt., 181(5. Anih. Coll. 18;!7. lias published 
'■ Sketches of the Presbyterian Church," 1854 ; 
'■ YdiiiiL; Christian Warned," 1857 ; " Scenes 
and Iiiipre.-sious Abroad," 1859; "My Sheet- 
Anchor," 18C-t; also sermons, addresses, and 
rc|.orts; edited S'liiliaflisrliocl \'isilor \8o2-60 ; 
mid contributed to periodicals. — Alllbime. 

Rockwell, James Oti.s, poet and editor, 
b Lcbaiiuii, ft., 1807; d. Providence, K.I., in 
the siimiiier of 1S31. At an early a<;e he was 
ail operative in a cotton-factory at Paterson, 
N J. ; at U he was apprenticed to a printer at 
Uiica ; four years later he came to Boston ; 
became assistant editor of the iShii(Simtn : and 
in 1829 took the editorial charge of the Proci- 
rience Piitn'ot. His pieces are seatlcred through 
his own and other periodicals, having never 
been collccied. — See Ei-eresl's Pocis of Ct. 

Rockwell, Joii.s Arnold, jurist, b. Nor- 
wich, C:t., Aug. 27, 1803; d. Washington, 
D.C, Feb. 10, 1861. Y. C. 1822. He jirae- 
tised law in Norwich ; was a member of the 
State senate in I8.'iS— 9 ; soon after became 
judge of the New-London County Court ; 
M.C. 1847-51, and chairman of the committee 
on claims. The Court of Claims at Wasliing- 
ton owes its establishment chiefly to him, and 
his principal labors were in that court. He 
pub. two volnmes on " The Mexican Law of 
Mines and Ueal Estate," 1851-2, which are 
now >taiidard authorities. 

Rockwell, Jli-ils, senator and jurist, b. 
Colel.rook. Ct., Apr. 26, 1805. Y.C. 1826. 
He studied law at the New-llaven Law School ; 
Was adm. to the Litchfield Co. bar in 1829, 
commencing practice in 18.30 at Pittslield, Ms. 
He was in the legisl. of .Ms. in 1834-8; was 
speaker for 1835 and 1838 ; bank comii.iss. in 
1838-41 ; .\I.C. in 1847-51; and U.S. senator 
for two sessions, to succeed Mr. Everett ; in 
1853 he was a member of the State Const. 
Con\ ; in 1858 was again a State rejiresen- 
tative ; judge of the Superior Court of Ms. 
1859-71. 

Rodgers, C. R. P., commo. U.S.N., b. 
N.Y. Nov. 14, 18l§. Midshipm. Oct. 5, 1833; 
li<ut. Sept. 4, 1844; com. Oct. 18,1861 ; capt. 
July 25, 1866 ; commo. 1870. Present at the 
capture of Vera Cruz and of Tabasco ; at^ 
taclicd ID coast-survey 1850 and 1856-8; com. 
of miiMiipm. Naval Acad 1859-61 ; com. 
(.teain-frigatc " Wabash," flagship. So. Atl. 
squall., 1861-2 ; at battle of Port Koyal, Nov. 
I80l; at Fort Pulaski, in com. of naval bat- 
tery, Jan. 27, 1862 ; com. division of gunboats 
in exped. to St. Augustine and up the St. 
Mary's Kiver in Mar. 1862; fleet-cajit. S.A. 
block, fiiiuad. 1863; com. steamer" Iroquois," 
1864-5; com. frigate " Franklin," European 
srjiiad., 1869; chief of bureau of docks and 
yards, 1 Oct. 1 87 1 . — //amers/y. 

Rodgers, Capt. Geobge W., U.S.N., b. 



Md. 1787; d. Buenos Ayres, May 21, 18.32. 
His father was col. of a Md. regt. 'during the 
Revol. war; and his bro. was Coin. John 
Rodgers. Midshipm. Apr. 1804; lieiit. Apr. 
24, iSlO ; master com. Apr. 27, 1816; and 
post-cant. Mar. I, 1825; first licut. of •' Tho 
Wasp in the action with " The Frolic," Oct. 
18, 1812. For his gallantry in the warof 1812 
he received a sword of honor from his native 
State, and a gold medal (rom Congress, accomp. 
by a vote of thanks. In 1832 he coin, tho 
squadron on the coast of Brazil, having al.so a 
diplomatic mission to that govt. His wife 
Anna Maria, sister to Com. Perry, d. New 
London, Ct., Dec. 7, 1858, a. 60. Three sons 
fought bravely in the Mexican war, — Lieut. A. 
P. RoDGEUS, who fell at Chapiiliepec; dipt. 
Raymond Kodgebs, U.S.N., tlect-capt. during 
Dupont's capture of Port Royal and attack on 
Charleston ; and Capt. Gkohge W., who was 
killed while commanding the monitor " Cats- 
kill " in an attack on Fort Wagner, Morris 
IslanrI, Aug. 20,1863. 

Rodgers, Jorn, D.D. (U. of Edinb. 
1768). Prcsb. divine, b. Boston, Ms., Aug. 5, 
1727; d. N.Y'. City, May 7, 1811. In 1728 
his parents removed to Phila., where he re- 
ceived a classical education. He was impressed 
with religious truth by the preaching of White- 
field ; in Oct. 1747 was licensed to preach, and, 
after having been a missionary in Va. and Md., 
was settled in St. George's, Del., Mar. 19, 1749, 
where be continued his popular and useful 
labors until Jidy, 1765; he then removed to 
N.Y""., and was jiastor of the Wall-st. (Presb.) 
Church until the close of his life. Leaving 
N.Y'. in Feb. 1776, he became chaplain of 
Heath's brigade in April ; then chajilain of tho 
State convention, then of the council of safety, 
and of the fir.st legisl. until Oct. 1777; and till 
the end of the war he jireached at Amcnia, 
N.Y., Danbury, Ct., and Lainingion, N.J. His 
Memoirs were written by Dr. Samuel Miller. 
He jiub. sermons and some fugitive pieces. — 
SitntiiHi'. 

Rodgers, John, commo. U. S. N., b. Har- 
ford Co., Md., 1771 ; d. Phila. Aug. I, 18.38. 
Entering the navy as a lieut. Mar. 9, 1798, he 
was the executive oflicer of the frigate " Con- 
stellation," Com. Trnxton, when she captured 
the French frigate " L'lnsurgente " oft' Nevis, 
Feb. 9, 1799, and took pos.session of the prize. 
Made a capt. .Mar. 5, 1799, he cruised in " The 
Maryland " (20) upon the W.I. station; in 
1802 he com. "The John Adams " (28), with 
which and " The Enterprise " (12) he siiccess- 
fullv attacked, in June, 1803, a Tripolitan 
cruiser of 22 guns, and several gunboats at 
anchor near Tripoli; in 1804 he com. "The 
Congress " (38) in the squadron employed 
against Tripoli under Com. Barron, whom in 
1805 he succeeded in thecoin. Af'tcrtbc peace 
with Tripoli, he proceeded with bis squadron 
to Tunis, where he engaged in nc^'uiiations 
which resulted in the eslablisbincnt ot friendly 
relations. In the spring of 1811, in "The 
President " (44), off Annapolis, he heard that 
a seaman had been impressed off Sandy Hook 
by an English frigate ; sailing for that point 
without delay. May 16 he hailed, about 8^, p.m., 
a vessel of war, but received no answer. Aftei 



ROD 



ROIC 



■ little delay, the atranjrer hailed, which she ful- 
lowed up with a shot, which ciitiTol " The 
Pn-Mdciii's " iiiainiimst. Alter n short eii;r-i!ie- 
meiii. in which hi^ u|i|>oii<'iit wns much crip- 
pled, he iiMseit tiriiij:, and on the lollowiin; 
luornin;: l>oiir led. dJM'ovcrin^ her to Ih- II. It. M. 
ship " l.litie licit " [ii ^-unvLCapt. Uin^hiiin. 
The nivoinits tiven by the two coniinundcrs 
of Ihi^> at)':\ir ditlered widely, piiriieiilarly as to 
the liriii;: of the lir>l pin ; and il widened the 
brvacli which already existed hi'twivn the two 
nations. June 21, l!<l J. reiiivin^nfficial intel- 
lii'enee o( the divlaration of war against (irvaC 
Uritiiin, Coin. RihIj.'ci-s sailcil from X.Y. in 
com. of a squadron ; June JU, while chasing 
the Rrili^h lri;;ato " Belvidere," durin;; a run- 
ning light, a :;un burst, killing and wounding 
16, Coin. lto<lgcrs lieing among the latter : in 
a sulisiHjucni cruise lie took the Uritisli packet 
" Swallow," wiih a lanre amount of s|ircie, 
and the sclio<mer " llighHyer ; " app. June U 
to the new frigate " Gueri i(^re," he rciulenil 
im|iortaiil .service in the defence of Ualiiiuorc ; 
from April, 1SI5, to Dec. 18-.'4, he served 
as prvs. of the hoard of navy eonimissioners ; 
acting MV. navy, Sept. to I)ce. IS23; and in 
1C24-7 in com. of the .Mciliterraneun squadron. 
On his n-iiirn he was again on the hoard of 
navy comiiiissioneni, which he rvlinqnished in 
l$:)i'. K. Adiu. John Uudgers, L'.b.N., is hi« 
son. Anoiher son, Koukkt, was col. 3d Md., 
I'otoinac inf. ; did good service during the civil 
war, and was twice severely woundol. 

Rodgers, John, rvar.-ailm. U.S.X., h. Md. 
An-. .•^. 1^11. Son of Coin. John, U.S.N. 
Midship. Apr. IS, 1S28; lieut. Jan. 22, IS40; 
com. Sept. U. 1S55; capt. Jnly 16, 1862; 
eoinino. June 17, 186.3; rear-adm. Dec. 31, 
186a. Com. steamer "John Hancock," and 
surv. and cxpl. exped. to N. I'aeilic and China 
Seas 18J3-6; in 1862 superintended at the 
West the construction of ironclads ; May 10, 
1862, com. an expett. of gunlionts in the 
James ISivcr; and in "The Cialena " attacked 
Fort Diirling. May 15. JunelT, 1863, in War- 
saw Sound, Capt. Rodgers, in the monitor 
" Weehawkeii," cncouiuerx'd and captured the 
powerful rebel ironclad " Atlanta " in 15 min- 
utes ; in the monitor " MonadniM-," 1866-T, 
made the passage around the Horn to San 
Knincisco; commanded Asiatic Hcet ; and in 
An;.'iisi. 1871, captured the Coreun Ions. — 
//..mrrs:,,. 

Rodman, Gkn. Is.\.\c Pfiaoe, b. South 
Kiiiusiown, K.l., Aug. 28, 1822; d. Sept. 29, 
1862, from wounds at the battle of Antielam. 
Educated to luereaniile pursnii.s, ho engaged in 
manut. ; was some vcars col. of a militia regt., 
and in 1861 a inenilx-r of the State senate. IIo 
n.'si;,'iied his scat to niisc a com|>any of vols., 
and, as capt. 2il K.l. Iteut.. participated in the 
battle of Uull Kun. Bei-oming col. 4th li.I. 
Vols., he was at the taking of lioaiioke Island. 
For gallantry at the battle of Newliern. Mar. 
14. I860, where he tmik the enemy's works at 
the |ioint ot the bayonet, he was inaile hrig.- 
i:en. A|>r. 28, 1862. His regt. also participated 
in the investment and reduction of tort Macon. 
In the battle of Antietnm, while leading his 
bri^iaile to a charge u|>on the enemy's guns, ho 
was mortally wounded by a cannun-ballin the 



terrible conflict by which the stone bridge was 
carriitl and hel.l. 

Rodney, C.i;«vh, signer of the IXvI. of 
Imlei... b. Dover, Del, ab. 17.10; d. early in 
1783. His father William eaine over wiili 
I'enn, and, aller a .short resilience in I'hila , 
settled in Kent Co , Del., leaving to his eldrst 
son a laigv landed ciute. At the age of ::8 
Cicsar was app. high sherilf, and. at the cud 
of his term of serviw, was cre.ited n justitx' of 
the |>caco and a judge of the lower courts. 
As earlv as 1762 he repn-sentcd his couniy in 
the ley'isl , by which, in 1765, he was sent to 
the Siampact Congress at X.Y; in 1769 he 
wiu elected s|H-aker of the house, continuing 
to occupy that chair for sevcRil years ; was app. 
chairman of the com. of corresp. with the other 
Colonics; and in 1774 was a delegate to the 
Uen. Con:;n'ss ; in the lollowing year he was 
ri'-elcctcd. and also made a brig. -gen. When 
the question of indepi'iidence was l>efore Con- 
gress, lioilncy was on a tour thiMU::!! the souili- 
ern part of Del., i|uieting the miinU of ilio 
IKtiple, and preparing them tor a change of 
govt. His «illca;;ues .McKcan and Iti-nd ln'ing 
dividi'il upon the qiieslion, the former, uiio 
knew him to lie favorable to the declaration, 
ui-gi'd him by expivss to hasten his rt'turn. 
He did so. and by great exertion arrived jiist 
in season for the linal discu.-^>ion ; and, by bis 
affirmaiivc vote, he .>ecurvd that union aiming 
the Colonies, so im|iorlant to the cause of in- 
dependence. The opi>osition of the royalists, 
who aboundeil in the lower counties, preventid 
his re-election the succeeding year ; hut. n^ a 
memlier of the councils of sjifety and insp^-c- 
tion. he displayed great activity in eolleciing 
supplies for the troops of the State then witli 
Washington in N.J. Hcrepaire<l in jici'son to 
the camp near I'rinceton in 1777. win re for 
nearly two inontlis he was en::agvtl in laliorions 
servitvs, and, commanding the Del. line, was 
brig.'gen. In the autumn of the same year ho 
was again chosen to Congrt'ss, but, liefore lak- 
inu his scat, was chosen pres. of his Suite, in 
which station he R'inaiiied 4 years (1778-82). 
His nephew Cjis.vK A. (MC. l80.'t-5 and 
1819-21, U.S. atty.gvn. 1807-11, U.S. senator 
1821-3, minister to Uueiios Ayres 1823, 
until his death, June 10, 1824) pub. with J. 
Graham " Ke|>oits on the Tix'sent State of the 
Uniied Provinces of S. America," Lond. 8vo, 
181'.t. 

Rodney, Daniel, M.C. from Del. 1822-3 ; 
US. scnaior 1826-7; gov. of Del. 1814-17; 
d. 2 Sept. 1846, a. 75. 

Roe, AzEi. Stevens, novelist, b. X.Y. City, 
1798. with an academic olucation he bccaino 
a merchant's clerk in X.Y. ; was aftcrwaiil a 
wine-nien-liani, and, on retiring from iMisiiu-ss. 
settled at Windsor, Ct. Having lost most of 
his jirofierty by the failure of (a-rsons tor whom 
he had fnvly indorsol, he applied himself to 
literature with success He has written " James 
Moiiijoy, or I've lievn Thinking," 18.V); "To 
Iaivc, and to lie Loved," 1852; "Time and 
Tiile, or Strive and Win." 1852; "A Long 
I.,ook Ahead," 1855; "The Star and the 
Cloud," 1856; "True to the Last," 1859; 
" How Could lie Help It > " I860 ; " Like and 
Unlike," 1861; "Looking Around," 1866; 



ROK 



779 



ROG- 



■' The C!ou(l on the Heart," 1869 ; " Womnn 
oiir Aii(,'el," 1866. 

Koebling, John A., engineer, h. Prussia, 
1806, and educated as a civil engineer. In 
ISi"-."!! he was an assist, constructor of mili- 
tary roads. Eniig. to the U.S. in 18.31, he was 
cniplovcd on various works in 0. and I'a., and 
in 1842 began the nianuf of wire ropes, tirst 
used on tlic Alleghanv I'ortage Road, ami now 
in general use. In 18.^0 he erected extensive 
works near Trenton, N.J., where 2,1)00 tons 
of wire-ro])e arc annually made; in 1844 he 
built the wire suspcn>ion aqueduct over the 
Alleghany River at l'itt>hurg; in 18.'>2-5 he 
built the Niiigarij Suspension Bridge; and in 
1856-67 the Cincinnati Suspension Bridge 
over the Ohio River, saiil to he the largest in 
the world; in 185S-60 he built the tine wire 
suspension brid^jc over the Alleghany Hiver at 
I'iltshiirg. 

Rogers, Henry Dakwin, LL.D., F.R.S., 
pcologi,..!, Iiro. of .lames B., b. Phila. 1809; d. 
Glasgow, Scotland, May 28, 1866. Became 
prof, of physical sciences in Dick. Coll. in 
1831, ami altenvard jirof. of gCf>logy in the U. 
of Pa., which oftice he long held. In 18'j.'> he 
pub. a rc]iorl and gcolog. ma|) of N. J., and a 
final Report, 8vo, 1840. In 18.36-.')6 he was 
occupied in the survey of Pa. ; pub. several 
annual rc|ort<, the final one in 2 vols. 4to, 
1858. In 1857 he became rcgius prof, of gcol. 
and nat. history in the U. of Glasgow, having 
for some years previously resided in Boston. 
He contrib. many important jjaners on gcol. 
and other scientific subjects to the "Transac- 
tions " of scientific associations, to the Joiiinal 
of Siu'cM-e, and to the Edinburgh Xew Pliilos. 
./uHrmil, of which he is one of the editors. 
Author of a geological map of the U.S., 
and a cliart of the arctic regions in the " Physi- 
cal Atlas ; " and, in conjunction with W. and 
A. K. .Johnston of Edinburgh, pub. a geologi- 
cal atlas of the U.S., 1861. 

Ro.'jei'S, IIiiXRY J., electric telcg. engineer, 
and imentor of the marine signals, b. Balti- 
more, Md.. 1811. Has j.ub. " Tcleg. Diet, and 
Seaman's SignalBook," 8vo, 1845; " .Sema- 
phonc Signal-Book," 1847 ; " Code of ilarine 
Signals," IS.)4. With W. F. Larkins edited 
" Rogers's Commercial Code of Signals for All 
Kations," 8vo. 1859. — .I/W/ohp. 

Rogers, .Jamls Bi.ytiie, M.D. (U. of 

Jill. 1822), chemist ]ind | bvsician, eldest son of 
Dr. P. K. Rogers, b. Phila: Feb. 22, 180.3; d. 
there .June 15, 1852. Prof, of eliemistry in 
Washington Med. Coll., Baltimore ; then in 
that of Cincinnati ; then in the Franklin 
School of Phila. ; and in 1847-52 filled the 
chair of chemistry in the U. of Pliila. For 
several years he n.ssisted in tlic chcniical and 
gcol. surveys of Va. and Pa. He pub. some 
valuable |)apers in the scientific journals, and 
was one ot the editors of the last Amcr. re- 
print i.f Turner's ** Chemistry." 

Rogers, .John, pres. of II. U. April 10, 
16.X2, III bis d. Julv 2, 1684; b. Coggcshall, 
Eng., .Jan. 16.31. H".U. 1649. SonofRev.Xa- 
thanicl of Ipswich, and assisted in his pulpit, 
but afterward studied and practised jdivsic. 

Rogers, John, chancellor, memt)er Old 
Coug. 1775-6; (1. Annapolis, Md., Oct. 1789. 



Rogers, John, sculj.tor, b. Salem, Ms.. 
aOUct. 1829. He left school at 16; was two 
years in a dry-goods jobbing-house in Bos- 
ton, and aftenvard took a trip to Spain. He 
then learned tlie trade of a machinist ; made 
sketches in clay, and, after a brief visit to 
Europe in 1858-9, engaged as a draughtsraau 
in a surveyor's office in Chicago. Here he 
moflclled his " Slave-Auction," which lie took 
to New York in Dec. 1859, where his " Picket- 
Guard," aiul other war-subjeels, sooti briiuglit 
him bulb fame and niiiuey. He basadniiralily 
modelled small groups illustrating familiar sub 
jccts of daily life, and episodes of the camj) and 
battle-field, and lias a studio in New York. 
Among his best ert'orts are " The Returned 
Volunteer," " Sharpshooters," "Town Pump," 
" Union Refugees, " The Country Postmas- 
ter," " The Wounded Scout," and " The 
Home-Guard." 

Rogers, N.vtuaniel, minister of Ipswich 
from Feb. 20, 16.39, to his d. July 3, 1655 ; b. 
HavcHiill, Eng., 1598. Educated at Emanuel 
Coll., Camb. Son of Rev. John. He is 
often erroneously called a grandson of John 
the martyr. He preached at Rocking in Essex, 
and next at Assmgton, Suffolk. Persecution 
drove him to N.E., where he arrived Nov. 16, 
16.36. Mcmberof the synod of 16.37. He pub. 
" Cause ol' ( jod's Wrath against the Nation," 
1644 ; and left in MS. a Latin Vindication of 
Cong. Church Govt. — N. E. Hist, and Gen. 

litVI; V. 122. 

Rogers, Nathaniel Peadody, b. Plvm- 
outh, N.ll., 3 June, 1794; d. Concord, NJI.. 
16 Oct. 1846. D.C. 1816. Ho studied and 
practised law, which he left in 1838 for the edi- 
torship of the antislavery Ilmilil of Fieinlom 
He wrote umlcr the signature of "' Tlie Old 
Man of the Mountain " for the N. Y. Tiihnne. 
A \ol. of his fugitive pieces was pub. Concord, 
1847. 

Rogers, Randolph, sculptor, b. Va. 
Studied and practised a few years at Rome ; 
became known in Xew York by his " Nydia," 
" Boy and Dog," " Angel of the Resurrection," 
and, returning to Rome after his marriage, ex- 
ecuted a marble statue of .John Adams (now 
at Mt. Auburn Ceuntery), siiuie guuil busts, 
and attraclive ideal figures. His bass-reliefs for 
the doors of the iiewCa|iitolexlensinn at Wiish- 
ington re|u-eseiit events in the life of Columbus. 
He has furni-lied doigns for the Washington 
Monument at Ricbinond; and he has lately 
been employed u])on memorial monuments for 
R.I. anil Michigan. Among his smaller works, 
" Ruth " and " Isaac " are favorites. His last 
work, a coloss.d bronze statue of Lincoln, was 
unveiled at Phila. 22 Sept. 1871. 

Rogers, Ma.iou Roni.;itT, a famous par- 
tisan of the French war, b. Duidairton, N.H., 
nb. 1730; d. Eng. ab. 1800. The son of an 
early Irish settler of D. He com. during the 
French war (175.5-63) Rogers's Rangers, — a 
corps renowned for their exploits. March 13, 
1758. with 170 men, he fought 100 French and 
600 Indians: after losing 100, and killing 1.50, 
he retreated. In 1759 he was sent by Amherst 
from Crown Point to destroy the Indian village 
of St. Francis; which service he iK'rfoi-ued : 200 
Indians were killed. In 1760 nc wai ordered 



rso 



ROM 



b_r Amh.Tit to tnV: possession of Dotroit and 
oih. "" - - v-ovUM t>y the Krcnch, which 

hi' llo m-xt vi^iuM Kn;;li«n<l, 

wh, -n ir:\Tii Tm!!! In- l«rTM»\tl 

«hv 111. ^I'.i^ : : il to 

tho kiii^, « ' ; liili- 

tuiioiiido. A r iho 

fiiri. mul j.'i.i u:i . ivu, :., u> ".-.^-.lu 1:1 ir\>ns 
to Xlvmlixul. ami tniM hv a court-iu:>ni.il. In 
176a hcwxnt 10 Kns; wtt.^ |>rv,'«-nti'<l to the kinc 
Iml sinm al>erwanl wiis inniriMmil for ili'l>t. 
Ill- atlonvanl, aoiMntini: to liis nixiMint to I>r. 
WhivUvk at Dartmouth. " fou'jht S Uittlos in 
Al^'iors Hiiilor tho lU'v." Ai I'l, .•miiii • ,.| 
the ISovol . , his coiirst- w;v« >r 
W waii-hixl ; «uil in 1T7S. t 
oner ho thon was, r\'k'a.-*>l ! ^ 

pcvt«l tiv Washington of U::i.; a .-i^, he w.ii 
sccurwl in Jnno, 1 776, hut, on K injt t\•lca^»^l liy 
CoU(;r\'Ss soon alter, o|niily joim-tl tho rvnaJ 
sivlo, anil, notwiihsianvlin;; his |virv>lo of honor, 
acoojiKxl tJK" ornninission of ivlom-I, ami niisoil 
tho "Qiuvn's Kan^'rs," — a corps colohnitixl 
lhiunt:lh>ut the <vnti-st. tVl. SI. 1776, he nar- 
rowly i-A-aiKxllxins taken prisoner at Maniaro- 
neck by a (wrty sent out hv Lonl Siirlinc, and 
s<x>n aher wvnt to Kn;;. fie pnb. a cvinciso ac- 
count of N. A., I^iml. 1765; " Journals of the 
Fivnch War," 176S, repub. at Conconl, 13mo, 
1 831 . mill entitkxi " KeminiAvrnvs of the French 
War," with the Life of Stark ; ami in 1766 tho 
trajrvily of " rvHiti-uch." His Uiar\- of tlw 
8ie;;\> of IX-ttwil, ic, wai puhlishetl by F. B. 
Houi;h, IStW. 

RoKers, Kobkist Emimk, MT). (U. of 
Pa.), clicniist an J physician, bivi. of James B., 
b. lialtimorv 1S14. thi ^rntiluatinj;, his ox- 
porimontal essay on Knilosmos»> was pub. bv 
iv«iuest of tho fih'nlty . In 1 S44-5S ho W!»s prv>h 
of chemisiTc in tlh> l'. of V.-». ; thi-n sueveevleil 
his bro. in t^is chair in tho U. of Pa. He as- 
sis^^l in the p.vl. suneys of Va. and Pa. Bo- 
si<lo o>nirilvs on ehomieal snbjcits tv> sciontiric 
i>Mirnal>. Ik- was as.-*v. with his bro. in tho cilit- 
\ng ol' riirm'r's " Chemistry." and has sinco «l- 
itv»l the reprint of Lehmann's " Physiolopcal 
Chomistrv. ' Sovoral jtmus dean of tho lu<d. 
faculty ol" tho U. of Pa. 

RoKOrs, Oes, Tiio>i.»8 J., author of bio- 
praphieal diclionaries of Kev-ol. worthiv"*. 1st 
i\l. limo. ISI.-i, 4th e.1. 1SS<>: M C. frwra 
Pa. l.<lS-24: b. Waterforxl, Ireland, 17SI; 
came to America in 17S4 ; d. S.Y. City, D«. 
T, 18,ta. Edinil a i>oliiical ]vi]icr. 

SoKerS, William. P.1>., Bap(i.«l ck-rj^- 
man. b Ne«-i»>rt, K. I., SJ Jnlv, 1751 : d. 
Phila M M,ir 1S24. R.I. Coll. 1769. t>rd. 
in Mav. 1771. over the First Chntvh. Phila. ; 
chapkun in tho Pa. lino of tho Kev\<l. armv in 
1776-Sl ; prof, of MUiJrtins in Phila. Coll. in 
17S»-9S, and in tho C. of Pa. in 179S-18IS; 
was ".stated supply " of tho 1st Ba|>t. Church, 
Phila., in ISt^H-A, and memK'r of tho pen. as- 
sembly in IS16-17; an oftiwr and an active 
manaavr of tho Gradnal-aUi'.ition Six-ietios of 
I'a. and Md., of tho l*r>si>n S.v. of Phila., J5e. 
Ho piih. sermons. adJr\-ssos, pra^^■p< on si>ecial 
ocoa.-ion», a ciroular letter on Ju^iificaiion 
',17SM, and one on Chrislian Mis.-ion< 

Ko^ers, William B.iKTOx. physicist and 
gtolo^t, brother of Jame* B. w>d R. E., b. 



Phfla. 1805. A. M. of H. V. 1S66 Ho first 
lecinrod on sciemv in the Md. lust, in IS27; 
and in 1)<S9 sm-c»x'»letl liis father. Or. P. K. 
l{i>;.Tr«, in thoi-(i:iir >•>' n:\< j>h!! nn 1 ehomUtrr 
in Wm. and M ' " •-■•.! he was 

prxif of nat. ]'. n- I', of 

Vn . hilt basM 11.- or- 



T <tf >v'ivuuii\ ■ 

^■lassf-s. In t! 

1 a ivurso of 1> 
l:if:iluic, Boston, on the Aj jluuiifii i! >u,iuv 
to the Arts ; and in Aiml of tliat ve ir was 
cho.^-upros. of the new ln>lituti- .f 1". ,liii..;,^ 
K.V at Bostim, which he wa> 
or.-aniiin^ ; and resi::mxl in 1* 

^gerS, C.IPT WooniS. :i , 

pator and buccaneer. Com an<\i«.l m .nii-t 
the Sp;>niar»ls in the S«iiith Sea ab 1709;app. 
gov. of tho Bahamas in 171S. d. 17:t2. 

Rolle, llfN'MS, b. IV»-onshire. En:: : d. 
1797. lie inuNil his desi-cnt fnun Hollo, tirst 
duke of Nonnandy. In 1766 he punhi-.'.l a 
whole district in Fla.. whiil- - ' ■ ' 

with l.lXW (vrsons 10 (iCMpK 
sions; but, ihrvMiiih tho un! 

climate and the ik'Si-rtion of t!.. -, .. 

diM-a-sc. he SiHin timnd him.*elf wiiIkmu oilo- 
nisis and without money, and was c<im|elli-d 
to work his |<assaav lnuk !.> I'm- in mi .\n>eri- 
can n-s-s.-!. He then s- • nial es- 

tate ; had a s»'at in tl\. iiis. and 

fillol tl«o oflice of shei! ■■ > ; he de- 

voteil much of his time to the imiirovcnkni of 
the ivndiiion of tho loner cla.<:*-s. 

Rolph, ''oiiN -\.. anist" and landscatio-cn- 
craver. b, h:.v>ex, Eni; , 1799; d. Br\<oklyn. 
N.Y.. 30 Mar. 1S6S. lie came to tlie I'.S' in 
1S«3. and rx<sidrtl chieflv in New York, rncio 
of E.l«-anl Miall. M l"*., and fath.r of Mrs 
Clara M, Brinekerhv<ll"the sinp.T. In " Wilkes's 
Explor. Exjuil," some fine siwciiiKHs of his 
talent may Iv fonnd. 

Rolplie, JoH^^. M.D., an rminont Cana- 
dian physician, b. Eng. 17S6; d. Toronto. 19 
tVt. 1S70. Einitf. to Can.ida at an early ap». 
He UHik an actin- i>art in tho insumviion of 
1S37, and. K'inc o!>lii:o«l to tlv. li«-rt in Itnssia 
some vi-ars. and al^i in ihi- C S ]'■ ..:..• t.> 
Canaila atV-rtlK- aniiu-sty.he 1 
ntodiciuo ; was a member of tl ■ 
Nament ; and founder) tho IV; - ~- 
Molioine. now tth' nuM dept. of Vivioiiii CoU. 

Roman, .Xni^re Bikstknt. p>v of Ij«. 

J»3t>-4 and 3.*-4l. b. St. I^«dr\ Parish. Iji , 
179.S: d St Jaim-s I'ari^h. I-a . Jan. S9, 1S66 
His ane\-stv>r! wvro fr\nn IVoviH'C. In ISIS ho 
was chv>s>n to the k-;;i-l . «.i- fn^]^^enIlv re- 
clevti>l ; was 4 v\-ar< - ,>■ ol St. 

Janu-s Parish in IS2i'-- Ur and 

sixaker of tho house I - . - , ■. r of the 

roiivi'ntii>n which )vas-<>t ;'. .r-iiiniv of so- 
ce.oion. which he opi»>-H-,i With John Forsvth 
and Martin J. Craw-<\ir\l. he was app. by th< 
Confi-d. pi\j«TS. govt, to cvinfcrwith the gv>M. of 



IIOM 



rsi 



ROO 



llic T'.S. nt AVa^liiiigton. lie took no further 
pint ill iinUlic aHair:!. 

Koiuans, Bernabd, engineer, b. Holland; 
(1. 111). 1 784. In .^arly life lie remuveil to Kng., 
where he studied eng., nnd was employed liy 
the British govt, in Ameriea some time huforo 
the Kcvol. Subsequently, while iu its employ 
as a botanist in N.Y., and engaged in the 
]>ublicaii<>n of a "Natural History of Florida," 
lie was oll'en'd a position as military eiiKr. liy 
llie X.V. eoni. of safety. In this eajiueity he 
Buliniiited to Congress (Sept. 18, 1775) plans 
for Ibrtiiyiiig the Hi|jlilands opposite West 
Point. Col. Romans remained in serviee (eapt. 
Pa. Art. Fell. 8, 1776) until near the close of 
the war, when he was eaptured at sea by the 
British, en route from New London to Charles- 
ton. He was taken io Eng., and in 17S4 em- 
liarked for Ameriea, but is supposed to have 
b'en murdered on the passage. He pub. in 
2 vols., 1778-82, "Annals of the Troubles in 
tile Netherlands from the Aecession of Charles 
v.," vol. i. dedicated to Gov. Trumbull ; " Map 
of the Seat of Civil War in Ameriea," 1775; 
"Compleat Pilot for the Gulf Passage," &.C., 
8vo, 1779. 

Romayne, Nicholas, M.D., b. Hacken- 
eaek, N.J., Sent. 1756; d. N.Y. City, July 21, 
1817. He studied under Dr. Peter Wilson, and 
eompleti'd his med. education at Ediiilmrgh; 
pull, a dissertation " De (Ji:?ier<it!oni' Purls." He 
spent 2 years in Paris, and also visited Leyden, 
retuniing ab. 1782 to N. York, where he eom- 
men( I d his professional career. Ho gave pri- 
vatr li rtuivs on anatomy, and taught many pro- 
fe^siiiiial 111 anelies with great success, but relin- 
giii^linl ihi, purMiit, and again visited Europe, 
llaviii;; eiiilarked in thi' scheme of Blount's 
consiiiracy, he was for a time incarcerated. He 
was lirstpres. of the N.Y. Medical Society in 
July, ISOC, and in 1807 was made first pres. 
of ihe Coll. of Phys. and Suigs., whicli he had 
been active in founding. He gave instruction 
in that in.-titution in anatomy and the insti- 
tuti'S of niidicine. 

Romeyn, John Brodhead, D.T). (N. J. 
Co;l. IgO'.l), Presb. elergvman, b. Marbletomi, 
N.Y., 8 Nov. 1778; d. P'eb. 22, 1825. Son of 
Rev. Theodoric R. Columb. Coll. 1795. Li- 
censed to pre-ich in 1798; was from 1799 to 
1800 pastor of the D. Ref. church at Rliine- 
beck ; was transferred to the cliuivh in Sche- 
nectady ; was 4 vears jjastor of the Pi\sb. ch. 
in Alliiiny ; and from 1808 until bis death was 
th ■ lir.-t pastor of the church in Cedar St., N.Y. 
He was an eloquent and impressive preacbir. 
A coll. of his sermons was pub. in 2 vols. 8vo, 
i3\6. — .'^imir/up. 

Romeyn, Tiieodobic Dirck,D.D., bro. 
of the prec ding, jirof. of theol. in the Reformed 
])uicli Church, b. Hackensack, N. J., Jan. 23, 
1744; il. Schenectady, Apr. 16, 1804. N.J. 
Coll. 1765. Ord. over Ihe Dutch church in 
V sier Co. May 14, 1766; was aftenvards in- 
stall 'd at Haeliensack until his removal to the 
chiir. h in Sebemctady in Nov. 1784. He was 
twice olilred the presidency of Queen's Coll., 
N. .T., and wa,s for a considi ruble time a prof, 
of th' ol. Il was chiefly by his ciTorts that Un. 
Coll. was f.iiinil. d ut Schenectady. 

Ronckendorff, William, capt. U.S.N., 



b. Pa. Nov. 9, 1812. Midshipm.Fcb. 17, 18.32; 
lieut. June 28, 1S4,1; com. June 29, 1861 ; eapt. 
Sc|)t 27, 1860. Attaelicd to the Pacific aquad. 
during the Mexican war ; com. steamer " M. 
W. Cliapin," I'arajjuay expi-d., 1859; com. 
steamer " Water-Witch," 1861 ; com. steam- 
sloop '■ San Jacinto," N. Atl. block, squad., 
1862; in battle of SewcH's Point, and capture 
of Norfolk, May, 1 862 ; in E. (iulf block, squad. 
1863; com. steam-sloop " Powhatan," W. I. 
squad., 1863-4; com. ironclad "Tonawanda," 
1865. — //(imers/i/. 

Roorbach, Ohville A., many years a 
publi^herin N.Y. and Cliaiieslon ; d. N. York, 
June, 1801. He pub. BiUiuthecu Americana 
from 1820 to 1861. 

Roosevelt, Rouert B., pres. N.Y. Sports- 
men's Club, b. New York, 1829. M.C. 1871- 
3; editor A'. )'. Citl:eii, a Deiiioc. print. Au- 
thor of " Oanie-Fi.-.h of N. A.," 1865; "Su- 
perior Fishing," 1865; "Gaine-Birds of the 
N. States," 1866; "Five Acres Too Much," 
1809. Editor of C. G. Halpinc's writings, with 
a Memoir and Notes, 1869. — hunmun. 

Root, EiiASTus, poliiicinn, b. Hebron, Cl., 
Mar. 16, 1773; d. New York, Dec. 24, 1846. 
Dartm. Coll. 1793. He taught school lor a 
time, but studied law ; and in 1 796 settled at 
Delhi, now the cajiital of Del. Co., N.Y., and 
then in Otsego. In 1798 he was elected to the 
State assembly, and repeatedly re-elected afrer- 
wards. He was elected to Congress in 130.3, 
l.'-09, 1812, 1815, and 1831 ; w'as lient.-gov. 
in 1822; and in 1839 was elected to the sen- 
ate. He was an ardent disciple of Geo. Clin- 
ton in politics. He pub. "Address to the Peo- 
ple," 1824. 

Root, Georoe Frederick, prof, of music, 
b. Shellield, iMs., 30Aug. 1820. In 1^26 his 
father removed to N. Reading. In 1833-13 ho 
was aiiartnerwitli A. N. Johnson as teacher of' 
sin^mig, and organist ; in 1844-55 t.aught mu- 
sic in New York; and since I80O has Iwen a 
inemlKrof the well-known Chicago inusic-lirm 
of Root & Cady. He has composed the can- 
tatas, " Flower-Queen," " Daniel," " Pilgrim- 
Fathers," " Haymakers," and " Belsliazzar's 
Feast;" "Hazel Dell,'' "Rosalie the Priurie- 
Flower," "Battlc-Cry of Freedom" (1862), 
and other iioinilar songs ; has edited " Singer s 
Manual," 1849 ; with J. E. Sweetser, "A Coll. 
of Church Mu.sic," 8vo, 1849; "Academy Vo- 
cali.st," &c., 1852; "Young Ladies' Choir;" 
"Musical Album ;"" Young Men's Siiiging- 
Book," with L. Mason, 1855; "Sabbath Bell," 
1856; "Festival (ilee-Book," 1857; "The 
Shawm;" "The Diapason," 1860; "School 
lor the Mclodcon, Ilarmoninm, and Cabinet 
Organ,"1863; "The Bugle-Call," 1863; "The 
Cornet," 1865; "The Musical Curriculum," 
1865; "Silver Lute;" "The Forest Choir; " 
"The Triumph," 1868. 

Root, .Ikssk, jurist, h. Covenirv, Cl., Jan. 
1737 ; d. there Apr. 5, 1822. N.J.'Ci.ll. l7.-.r,. 
He preached ali. 3 years ; but in 1 703 was iidm. 
10 the bar. Residing at Hmtloid, early in 
1777 he raised a company, with which lie 
joined Washington's armv ut I'eekskill, and 
was made a licut.-col. lie was a delcg. to 
Congress in 1778-83; was app. judge of the 
Sup. Court in 1789 ; chief justice from 1796 to 



KOS 



782 



ROS 



1 907 ; was nftcrwanl a mcmhor of the U';;i«l. ; 
inciiilxT of the Araer. Acail. nnJ of the Ct. 
Aiad. of Arts and ^^icm■cs. lie pub. in 179S 
Kepuris of Cases ailjiultieil in the Court of 
Kriors of Ct. July, ITS9-Junc, 17U3, anil a »ec- 
onil vol. IS02. 

Rosas, Dos Jf.vN Maxuel Ortiz de, 
(licttitur ol the Ai'k. Ko|>ub., b. Buenos Avres 
1793. Son of a wenliliv landowner, he lived 
with the yiiur/ios of the pampas, and imhibed 
the sunfjuiniirv tastes which alierward devel- 
oped inio frightful cruelty. In 1S29 Gov. 
Itom-^o app. Kosas, his intimate friend, to the 
com. of the rur.il districts, but was soon cora- 
jiellvtl to surrender to Uosas, who thenceforth, 
lor 23 years, rulol de^|•otically the Argentine 
Conlcdcntiion. He reducwl the hostile Indian 
trilies ol the interior, and succeeded in uniting 
the whole of the I'Uita-river States into the 
Arp;ntine Confcd. in IS35. He often repeat- 
ed the ill-disgui.-ed furcc of sending his resigna- 
tion to the chamber of representatives, when 
every one knew that whoever advocated its ac- 
ceptance would be assassinated in 24 hours, as 
was Maza, pres. of that IkmIv. He exhibited 
energy and constancy in resisting the conditions 
which Eng. ami France sought to impose upon 
him. Among his arbitrary acts was his at- 
tempt to im|iose upon the indep. repub. of Uru- 
guay » gov. whose tcnn had expired. This act, 
and his iin|>oliiic conduct toward Bnizil, with 
which empire he maintained hostilities for 5 
years, hastcneil his downfall. Feb. 3, I8.'i2, his 
foncs having been destroycil at Monte Cascro, 
6 leagues from Buenos Ayres, liosi\s fled to 
Eng. with his fnuiiv, leaving the country to 
the nurcy of Gen. L njuiia, his conqueror. 

Rose, Aijl'ii-A. )ioet; d. I'hila. Aug. 22, 
)72'i, a. 28. Franklin, in his Autob., states, 
th.ii, on his first ri^it to Keiiner the printer, 
lie found him " comjiosing an r/e«/y ou Aquila 
Ro>e, an ingenious young man, of excellent 
chanicter. si-c. to the As.sembly, and a pretty 
poet." His son JosEril, afterward apprcn- 
lii'e to Franklin, pub. in 1740 " I'ocnis en 
Several t'ccusions by Aquila Uose," a pamphlet 
of .Ttj pages. — [Ittifclr'nch. 

Rosecrans, William Starke, brev. 
maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Kingston, 0.,6 Dec. 1819. 
West Point, 1842. His father, a farmer and 
Diorchunt, served under Harrison in the war of 
1812 OS an adj. of light horse. The son en- 
tered the engr. corps; was a.ssist. prof, of eiigr. 
at West Point 1843-4 and 1845-7 ; assist, prof, 
of nat. pliilos. 1844-5 ; had charge of the re- 
pairs at Ft. Adams, R.I., in 1847-53; and 
resigned from ill health 1 Apr. 1854. Civil 
engr. and an-hitect, Cincinnati, O., 1854-5; 
siipt. of Cnnnel-coal Co. 1855-7; manuf. of 
kcroscne-oil at Cincinnati 1857-61, ami so 
badly burned by an cxplo-ion as to be cunlincd 
to his bed 18 months. Vol. aide to Gen. llc- 
Clellan in Ohio. Apr.-.Iune, 1861; col. and 
chief "engr. of Ohio, 9 June. 1861; col. 23d 
Ohio Vols. 10 June. 1861 ; brig.gen. C S A. 
16 May, 1861 ; com. brigade in West Va. June- 
July, 1861, and engaged at Hich Mountain II 
Julv ; com. dcpt.of Ohio. July-Sept. 1861, and 
of \Vest Va. Sept. 1861 -Apr. 1862, and en- 
gup^i lit Camifex Ferry 10 Sept 1861 ; com. 
a divisioo It sic^e of Corinth, Mpl , 22-30 



Mav, 1862; com. .\nny of the Mpi. Jum--Oct, 
1862, deleating Gen. Pnre at luka 19 S. jt. 
1862, and Van Dorn ami Pricvnt Corinili 3 and 
4 Oct. 1862; com. Army of the CumU'rlaud, 
Oct. '62 to I let. '63 ; Dec. 31 he won the san- 
guinary luiiile of Sionc Kivcr, near .Murfai>- 
boroiigh, Tcnn., over Bragg's army. By great 
]iersoiial exertions he on that day checki'd the 
tide of a terrible disa>ter, re-formed his arinv 
in the liu-c of the attacking euciiii , rolli-d back 
their victorious coliiiiin", and turned defeat 
into victory. The result of thi* bat;lo was the 
rescue of Middle Tcnn. and the secure |k>ssi-»- 
sion of Ky. 24 June, 1863, he advanced on 
Tuilahoma ; txcnpied Bridgeport and Steven- 
son 24 July ; crosse^l the Tcun. Uiver 4 Sept. 

1863 ; 19 and 20 Sept. foiij.ht the niiMiCiCS.-tnl 
battle of Chickainanga ; and wa:- relieveil of 
his com, 30 Oct. I8C3. From 28 Jan. to 9 Dec. 

1864 he com. the dept. of Mo., during which 
time oi-currcd the Price raid. Brov. m:ij.-gen. 
U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865 ; maj.-gen. vols. 21 Mar. 
1862; resigned 29 Mar. 1867. Minister to 
Mexico in July, 1868, but was recalled n few 
months later. — .>>«■ I!'^<rciaiix't Cum/iu/V/n m'th 
Oie Will Armi/ Coqa, 12ino, 1863. 

Rosier, Jiuts, "a gentleman employed 
in the voyage," pub. Lond., 1605, "A 'I'Vue 
lielaiion of the Most Prosperous Voyagi-," ic, 
of Capt. George Wayinonih to Virginia. Ile- 
pub. in Purchas, vol. iv. 

Ross, .\LEXANDEii,a British gen.,b. 1742; 
d. Loud. Nov. 29, 1827. Ensign in the 50th 
Foot in Feb. 1760; he was in all the actions 
with the aliii'd army in Gcrmi.ny alter that 
dale; U-camc capt. in the 45tli in May, 1775, 
and WHS in all the priuci|>al actions' in tbu 
American war, during a great part of n hich he 
served as capt. of grenadiers, and in the latter 
part of it as aidiMle-camp to Lord Coniwallis; 
brev. maj. in 1781 ; a coininis-sioner with Col. 
Dundas, on the |iurt of Coniwallis, to arrange 
the detail^ of the surrx-nder at Vorktown ; after- 
wards sencd as dip. mlj.-gen. in Sciitl.inil ; 
thence went as adj. -gen. to tlie E. Indies while 
the Marqui:<of Cornwalliscom. in thatcounny, 
and was present in every action that took place 
at thai time. He attained the rank of geii. 
Jan. I, 1812. Cornwallis's corrcsp. was juib. 
in 3 vols., I8:>9, bv Charles, son of Alex. Ross. 

Ross, Edwakd C, LL.D. (Ken. Coll. 
1849), prof, of maihematics and nat. philos. 
in the X.Y. Free Acad. 1848-51, b. Pa. ISOl ; 
d. X.Y. Mav 16, 1851. West Point, 1821 ; 
A.M. of Geneva Coll. 1842. He left the army 
iu 1839, after performing aidnous service dur- 
ing the Floriila war ; and for 10 years acted 
as assist, preif of mnih. at Wcsi-Point Acad. 
Prof, of math, in Keiiyon Coll., O., 1841^-8. 
He translated Boiinbin's Algebra (roni the 
French in 1831. 

Ross, Gecikge, judge ami |>utriot, h. Xew- 
ca>ile. Del,, 17.30; d. Laucasicr, Pa., July, 1779. 
Son of the pastor of the Kpis. church in Xew- 
cumIc. Coiuiuene^d the study of the law at 
Phila. at the age of IS. and establMicd him- 
self iu pnicticc at Lancaster in 17.'j1. lie was 
a n-pre>cntative in the Assembly of Pa. in 
176S-70; and in 1774 he was cfccicil to the 
first Gen. Congress ai Phia. ; at the same 
time ho was aj'p. to lejwit to the A^sctnblr 



ROS 



KOS 



instructions for liiniself and his associates. In 
177) he drew ii|> ii reply to Gov. Penn's nies- 
Ki^ro, depreciitiii^ iiny action on the part of tlio 
('(iliiiiy. A report on the measures necessary 
f.ir putting llic Colony and the city of I'lilla. in 
a slate ol delencc was also from his jien. lie 
signed the Ueel. of Indep., hut in Jan., 1777, 
was compelled, by indisposition, to resign his 
(ilaee in Conjjress. The inlnihitants of Lan- 
ea>Ier luivin;; voted him a piece of plate worth 
£150 on this occasion, he declined the prcscni. 
The convention which assembled after the dis- 
solution of the proprietary jjovt. app. Mr. Ross 
to prepare a dcel. of ri;:hts. After aelinj^ as a 
Muces>lul mediator in difficulties with the In- 
dians, he was app. a jtidge of the Court of Ad- 
miralty in April, 1779. 

HOSS, Jami;s. scholar, tau^dit school at 
Chaiubersbur^;, Vtt., 1796-1801, sulisequently 
at Lancaster and Phila. ; and was prof, of lan- 
(lua-rcs in Dick. Coll., Pa. Author of Latin 
and Greek urammars, and other te.\t-books in 
those janfiua^es ; of Lafin poems in the news- 
papers, and an Ode to the inemorv of Dr. C. 
XLsbet. — I/isl. .Vaf/aziiie, 18G2. 

Ross, .Jamks, statesman, b. York Co., Pa., 
July 12, 176:!; d. near Piitsbiirff, Nov. 27, 1847. 
Kdncated at Pequca under Kev. Ur. Robert 
Smith. lie taut;lit at Canon^bur^,' the first 
classical school opened in the West ; afterward 
studied law in Phila. ; was adm. to the bar in 
I7S4; rose to distinction in the profession ; m. 
a lady of fortune, and devoted himself to poli- 
tics. He was prominent in the State Const. 
Conv. of 1 790 ; an able defender of the Federal 
Const. ; was a U.S. senator in 1794-1803, and 
one of the leaders of the Federal party. He 
was one of the commiss. from Con^'ress to the 
Whikev InsurL'ents. He pub. " Speech on the 
l"V<c Xavication ol the Jlpi.," 180.3. 

Boss, Sir Joii.s, arctic explorer, b. Scot- 
latid, 21 June, 1777; d Lond. 30 Au-. I8.i6. 
Knterini; the royal navy in 1786, he attained 
the rank of rcar-adin. in 1851, having' been 13 
limes wouniled. He be^an his arctic voya^ies 
in 1828 with Capt. Parry; was similarly cn- 
pi;:ed in 1829-.33; and ii'i 1850 went in search 
of Sir John Franklin in a small vessel of 90 
Ions, remaining one winter in the ice. Author 
of a " V'oyayc of Discovery," 2 vols. 1819; 
" Narrativeof a Second VoyaKC," 2 vols. IS.'l.')- 
C. Ills nephew Sir Jamks Ci.auk Ross, also 
distill^', for his aiciic explorations, d. 3 April, 
l;-r>2. Author of " Voyajfc of Discovery in 
the .*<Muihcrn Antiirctic ftejjions," 1847. 

Eoss, John (Kooweskoowk), a Cherokee 
chi.l, 1>. i;a. ab. 1790; d. WashiuKlon, D.C, 
An;:. 1, 18116. He was a half-breed, and at an 
inrly a;re had acquired a (food En;,'lisli educa- 
tion, lie became principal chief of the Chero- 
kec> in 1828. The proceedint:sof the Ga. Icjfisl. 
fur llieir removal, in 1829, led to an appeal on 
the part of the Cherokees, Ross acting as their 
H.:ent. to the U.S. Sup. Court, which resulted 
in a decision in iheir favor. Geor;;ia, however, 
reluscd to obey, and aj;j;rc8»ions upon the In- 
dians increased. In 1835 a treaty was con- 
cluded between J. F. Schermcrhorn, an ajrentof 
the U.S., and .Major Kiddie; his son Jidm Ridge, 
and alK)nt 600 other Clierokces, a;rrc.iu'j to 
Eurrendcr their lands, and remove V\ est within 



2 years. Against this treaty, known as that 
of' New F.chota, Ross and o'ver 15,000 of his 
tribe protested. The govt., however, sent a 
force under Gen. Scoit to compel its fulfilment ; 
and the Indians, with Ross at iheir head, re- 
moved to their new home, n moderate allow- 
ance being made them for their losses by the 
govt. In 1861, Ross, after some hesitation, en- 
tered into a treaty with the seceding States. 
At the time of his death, he was urging the 
claims of his tribe for losses during the war. 
lie pub. " Letter to a Gentleman of Phila ," 
1836. 

Boss, Robert, an English mai.-;.'en., b. 
Ross Trevor, Devonshire, Eng.;' killed at 
North Point, 12 Sept. 1814. Trinity Coll., 
Dublin. Disting. as an officer of the 2()th 
Foot in Holland and Egypt ; was a lieut.-col. 
at Maidn ; was in the campaign of Corunna, 
under Sir John Moore; and com. a brigade at 
the battles of Vittoria and the Pyrenees, and 
was wounded atOrtlicz. Selected by Welling- 
ton to com. the cor| s sent against W.isliington, 
h: <lcfcated the U.S. troops at Blailensbnrg; 
entered the city of Washington 24 Aug. 1814, 
anri burned and sacked it; and, while leading 
the advance in the direction of Baltimore, was 
killed by a rifleman. 

Rossiter, Thomas P., painter, b. New 
Haven, Ct., Sept. 29, 1818. He began to study 
with Jorelyn, and in 1838 commenced port.- 
painting. He was in Europe 1840-G, studying 
chiefly in Rome; and in Paris in 185.3-6, where 
he obtained a gold medal in the Exposition of 
1855. Since I860 he has resided at Cold Spring, 
Hudson Highlands. He became an academi- 
cian in 1849. He has painted a number of 
scriptural pieces, among them " Miriam," 
" The Jews in Captivitv," and " Noah ; " also 
"Joan of Arc in Prison,'' " House of W;ishing- 
ton," "Representative Merchants," &c. ; and 
has latterly been engaged upon a series of 
compositions im the Life of Christ. Died 
1871.— Tunlcernian. 

Rost, PiKRRE A., jurist, b. France ab. 
17'J7; d. N. Orleans, Sept. 6, 18f.8 He re- 
ceived an academic and scientilic education at 
•Paris, where be was a pupil of the Polytechnic 
School. Emigrating to the Rcil-ri\er'dist. ab. 
1824, ho began to practise law, soon became 
conspicuous at the bar, and, removing to St. 
Charles parish, became an extensive and pros- 
perous planter. In 1845 he was placed upon 
the bench of the Supreme Court, where he 
ranked among the foremost jurists of the 
Slate. Commis. to Spain under the Confcd. 
gKVernment. 

Rostaing, Just Astoise Henri Marie, 
Manpiis de, a French lieut.gen., b. Vauehctte, 
Nov. 24, 1 740 ; d. 1 825. He was at first « )).ige 
to Ltniis XV. ; made the campaigns of 1760-2 
in Gennany as captain of cavalry, and then of 
America (1780-3) as col. successively of the 
rcgts. of Auxcrois and of Gaiinais. His con- 
duct in this war, and partieuiarly at the siege 
of Yorktown, procured him the cross of St. 
Louis, that of Cincinnati, and the grade of 
marechal-dc-camp in 1783. Dcp. to the states- 
gcn. ; see. of the national assembly, Oct. 13, 
1789; and then a member of the military com. ; 
but detached himself from the party which was 



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C:>1, ; i-xiv. ofHivr of " Tlio C\>an»- " « lion slu> 
lM>iiil>;ii\l>Ht Ouuvma*, IS47; ivin. s'lHipofwur 
"P;i«iuv" ill iicliou Willi liaiiciiis at Aiiiiin 
Oixvk ill Mav, 1S61. aiul in cainiiiv ol lim- 
(eras ; >Min. n.iv.il lloiiUii in aiiiu k on Kivuioko 
I>Uii>l.i«ii<l inc.'<|>tiiivtiiitlito»(nii'ii»n ol (.'oiiritl. 
Ilivi ill AUKMUHrlo Soiiiul, Kol>. 10, ISiia; also 
oa|iluiv<l KliialH-lh Ciiy »nil IMonloii, N. 0. 
Ill- coin, llic n«v«l (oivt"s M ilu- IhII ol' Now- 
Ivin; will. •• Tlio Now Iiwi^idos " oiV l"limU\s- 
Con, Mill ^ViirticiiwtiM in tlio ililK-ivnt ;iiiiuk> on 
Kills Wiiunor, Cirvjrj;, and Monliiio; i-oin. 
Asiatic viiiail, lSfi#-;t. — //nmn.'i.'y. 

Rowland, Kkv. IIkxrv Arursri's, rvli- 
jfioiis auihoi-. Ii. Win.lsor. Ol., IS S..-pt. ISlM; 
il. Ikwion, Scpl, 4, lSi9. Y.C ISS.S. Grauil- 
son ol" Uov. I). S. ; s..n of Ucv. II. A., iniiii.stvr 
of Windsor 1790-1*35. Ho sui.lioit elu>oloK.v ; 
\va.< ono voar atx'iu of iho Am. Hihio Sinioiy ; 
was siMtloil ill ^^■lVl■^lo^illo, X. C, in IS-U), "in 
NY. Ciiy in lisu! in lloiio-s.lalo. Ta., lS4.S-i4, 
anil at ilio time of his dciili mi Nonark, N. J. 
Ho was a lix\iiiont iMiilrili. to rolifjions |HM'iotli- 
oaU, aiiil was iho author of " The Conimoii 
Maxims of Iiitiiloiilv," " Tho I'aili of l.ifo." 
" Way of IVaiv." aiul " Light in a Oaik Al- 
loy," ISiO, — v'y* .Vnmiiiiiy I"/' /loKv'ii'ii/, H-ilJk 
y'uiirnil S-rimwi, Ay A". A'. A'.ii'ryin'i/, IS60. 

RowlaudSOU, M.VKV. wilo of Jivsoph, tirst 
ininisioi ol l.anoastor, Ms., who d, 24 Nov. 
IfiTjs. Was made oaptivo l>v the Indians wlion 
that town w.-is dostiMvi-.!, K-b. 10, liiTfi, and 
jmb. an aivoiinl of lior oa|>iiviiy in U)S2. S>lio 
was rodoomoil liy tho lioiiiuy of sonio ladios of 
Bixton altor a captivity of U weeks and .^ 
d;«y.<, llor narrative (wssovl thixniiih inaiiy 
iMitions, the 6th in 1&2$. She w.hs dan. of 
John Whito, 

Rowson, Sis.vssA, authoress, b. Ports- 
nioiiih. I'.n;;., 1762; d. Uosloii, Maivh 2, 1S24. 
^^llO, with hor lailior Wm. llaswcll, a Uriii^h 
naval olficor. was wrwokcil in 17l)7 on Lovell's 
Island, on tho Xow-Knj;. coast ; «l>or whii h ho 
soti!o<l at Nantaskot, married «);ain, and on 
tho biYakinjr^ut of tho war, lioiiij; a liriiish 
siibjivt, was oompolliHl to depart. Susanna 
followed him to London, where in 17$6 she m. 
Win. Uowson, loader of the band attaeliotl to 
tho Uoyal (.iiianls. They came to Thila, in 
1793 under onita^'raoni to Wijjnell, niaiiaj:vr 
of the I'hila. Theatre. She had previously ap- 
iH-aixsl Mici-e.sslully at the prnvincial thoativs 
in li;;lit comnly and musical pii\-es. While at 
Baltimore, in 179.^, she wrote a poetical addivss 
to the armies of the U.S.. entitled " The Stan- 
dani of I.ilH-riy." lu 1796 she apjieared with 
her linsluind at the Kedcral-street Theatre, 
Boston, w here horcoimMy, " .Xmericans in Kiijr- 
laiid." WIS playiHl lor her l>onetit, and faivwill 
ol the sta;;e. She next taught school snccos- 
sivoly at ModfbnI. Newton, and Boston. She 
pub. in Ixindon "Victoria," a novel. 17S6; 
" Mary, or the Test of Honor; " " A Trip to 
Parnassus;" " t'iilr <ir ClHiml'rr ;" "Tholnquiii- 
itor;" "Menioria; " and " Charlotte Temple," 
a highly popular novel. In America »he pub. 
" 'I>ials of the Heart." a novel ; " Slaves in 
Algiers," an oy>vn\ ; " The Volunteers," « 
farce ; and " The Kcinale Patriot ; " " Keulien 
,<nd Kachel." a novel, Bo!>ton, I79S ; and " Mis- 
cellaneous Poems, ISiVt ; " Sarah, or ibo Exciu- 
M 



plary Wife," 1S02 ; SiK-lling Piclionarv, 1$07 ; 
" IVsent for Young Uidics," ISll. islie also 
cvmiplled s»ime ^lucational works, a Diciioiniry, 
two systems of GiMgrapliy and Historical ICxe'r- 
cise.s ; cimtiib. to the lioshoi ir«iVv .Uiiy. In 
l!*SJ she pub. S vols, of •• Biblical l)iali.'gne.s." 
'■ Charloiio's Daughter," a, si-ipiel to " Chailoito 
Temple," app. in IS2S, — .l/runxcvo/M/is. A'otc- 
JMH hfl A7)cl.< .VilJillH, Svo, 1S70. 

Royall, AxxK, nuthore.ss, b. in V«. duiio 
11, ITii'.i; d, Wasliiiigton, O.C, Oct. 1, IS.^4. 
Kidiiap|i«>tl by the Indians in diildliood, she 
was detained 15 years; alterwarils in. Capi, U., 
a Uevol, otlicer.'and lived in Ala. In Wash- 
ington, she established in lS.i.S the |«ipeis 
/\i«/ Pill and iho //jm;;ir.*.< She pnlilislunl 
" Sketches," 1S26 ; " The Tcnno.vsean," 1S27 ; 
" The Black lUnik," 1S2S, a narrative of 
travels thiMnghoni the L'.S , ami criticisms 
of individual chanictor, siHxmd .siM-ics, ISSl ; 
"IaMIci-s fiMin Alaltama," Svo, IS.fO. Slio 
wiclikil A -sareasiio and ollcn a hitler (K'H. 

Royall, Isaac, loyalist ; d. Kn;;lan.l, (.Vt, 
17S1. Kcpiv.sentative lixnn MedlonI, Ms., to 
the iVmi. I ourl, and for 22 years a iiiomlH-r of 
the council. App. a brig gen. 1761, lie was 
the first who bore that line here. He left the 
country, Apr, 16, 177.N; was privscribi-d in 
177S, and his estate contiscaied. .\ dau. in. the 
sw-ond Sir Wm. Pep|>erell, Ho biiiiioathcil 
iipwai\ls of 2,tHW acres of land in >\ iMvester 
Co. to found the first law pivfcvsoi-sliipof II. I'. ; 
and his lHi|iiesls for other pnrjiosos weiv tin- 
meiMus and lilKral. 

Royce, Svkihkx.LLII. (U. of Vt. 1837), 
Stiv. ol Vt. 1S.%4-1>, h, Tiiiinonih, Vt., 12 Aug. 
17j!7; d. r.. Berkshire, Vt., Nov. 11. ISliS. 
Midd. Coll. IS07. Judge Sup. Court IS26-7 
and lS2!>-.%2; chief justice 1S46-.M ; member 
Kx'isl. fivni Sheldon ISli-I6, from Si, Al- 
Iwns l,<22-4. 

Rucker, Oamki. 11., brev. miij.-gen. U.S. 
A , b. on tiixv-so Isle, Detroit Biver. 2d liiiit. 
1st liragoons, Oct. 1S;)7 ; capl. Feb. 1S47 ; 
brev. maj. for gallantry at Bneiia Vista. Mix.; 
transf. to qnartorin. dept. Nov. .SO. 1S49 ; maj. 
Aug. 3, 1S61 ; col. and aiiK>-<ic-cainp, Sept. 
1S61 ; biig.-gen. U.S. vols. May, ISiVf; ckI. 
and assist, ouariorin.-gen. Jnivi IS66; liivv. 
brig.-g»'n. and brev. maj.-gen. U.S..\. for faith- 
ful and iiiei it. sorviiv during the war. — //cki /'.< 
.l/i.'.V. A'.A..-./. 

Rudd, John Ciu-roihi.l, D D,. Kpis. 
clergyman, h. Norwich, Ci . May 24. 1779 ; d. 
Uliia, Nov. 15, 1S4S. Ho ixAivcd a giHid 
academical education ; wasadni. to holy c.nlers 
inlS05; was r»>ctor of St. John's, I'liuilHtli- 
Mwn, N.J., until IS26; was iv»-tor of M. Pe- 
ter's, Auburn, NY., lS2lW31, having likewise 
the charvc of an acad. lor 3 years; in 1S27 
cstahlislied tho (.'a^iW Messriiifrr oihI CAhii'i 
/leccrif, a weekly religions journal, of which 
he continuoil to tie editor and piMprietor until 
his death. 

Rudolph, Miciiakl. a braw Kevol. officer, 
b. M.I. al.. I7.')4; d. after 1794. Wi;h his 
bro. John he joim-il Maj. Henry I.ee, at ilie 
head of Klk, in 177S, wi:h rank of capl. in his 
Legion ; disting. himself greatly in many of 
the minor luittles and sieges of the war in iha 
souib; and after it:i close id. and seilled iu bust- 



ETJin 



rsG 



mcjM 



ncss ill S.nnnnah. IIo was subseqiicmlv col- 
Kx-ior n[ Siiiilmry, Ga., wlicru lie ciiliivateil a 
binall l.inii. Eiiiuriiif; the army again in 1790 
as capl. 1st Int., lie served under liarmar in 
the Nortli-west; became maj. of eav. ; resijrned 
ill 1794; afterward traded to the W. Indies, 
and was last heard of as havin}; embarked for 
Fruciee to enter its military service. 

Ruffin, KuMUSD, pres. Va. Ajjric. Soc., 
b. I'nnce lidwaid Co., Va., 1794; d. by his 
o«n hand near Danville, Va., June 17, 1805. 
lie pull. " Essay on Calcareous Manures," 
IS'il ; " Report, &c., Agric. Survey of S.C," 
8vo, 1843; "Essays and Notes on Agric.," 
8vo, 1855. Also editor Farim-r's liegisler, 
lS.'i3-42, 10 vols., and other a);ric. periodicals, 
Hiid of the Westovcr Manuscripts, by William 
Byrd, 8vo, 1841. He was n noted secessionist, 
tired the lirst gun at Fort Sumter, and coin- 
niiitcd suicide because he would not live under 
the U.S. government. 

RufTner, Henkv, D.D., LL.D., many 
years pres. of Lexington Coll., Va. ; d. at his 
re^idencc in Kanawha, Va., Dec. 17, 1861, a. 
72. Auihur of an argument against the con- 
tinuance of slavery in Va. ; " The Fathers of 
the Desert," 2 vols. 12ino, 1850; "Judith 
Bensuddi.'a romance; discourse on Fuiiire 
I'lini.-hmcnt, 1823 ; Inaug. Address, Lexing- 
ton, Feb. 22, 1837. 

Ruger, Thomas IL, col. and brev. brlg.- 
geii. L.S.A.. b. NY. ab. 1833. West Point, 
1854. Resigned 2 dlieut. engrs. I Apr. 1855; 
counsellui^at-law, Janesvillc, Wis., 1856-01 ; 
lieut.-col. 3d Wis. Vols. 29 Jnile; col. 20 Aug. 
1S61 ; bri-.-geii. 29 Nov. 1862; col. 33d U.S. 
Jnf. 28 Juiv, 1866. He served in the Shcnaii- 
duali Valley in 1861-2; was at Cedar Moun- 
tain and Antietiiin ; com. brigade of I2th cor]is 
ut ChaiiceilorsvilJe ; com. a division at Getty ^- 
buig ; com. a bii^'ade in 20th corps in Atlanta 
campaign, May-Nov. 1864 ; com. div. 23. 1 
corps in operations against Hood's army, 
and in operations in N. C. until Johnston's 
surrender; brev. hiaj.-gcn. vols. .30 Nov. 1864 
(or battle i)f Frankjin, Tenn., and brev. brig.- 
pen. U.S.A. 2 Mar. 1867 for Gettysburg. 
Trans, to Kith Inf. 15 Mar. 1869. — Ci'tlhim. 

Haggles, Bexjamix, U.S. senator from 
O. 1815-.).;, b. Windham Co., Ct, 1783; d. 
St. Claiisville, O., Sept. 2, 1857. By keeping 
school in winter, he obtained the means lor re- 
ceiving a cl.issical education ; was adm. to tlio 
bar ; remove<l to Marietta, O., but subsequent- 
ly settled at St. Claiisville; and in 1810 was 
t"lceied pies, judge of the C.C.F. for the third 
circuit. — LiiiiiiKtn. 

Ruggles, Daniel, maj.-gen. C.S.A., b. 
■Parre. Ms 31.ran.,1810. W.P.,'33. Entering 
5lh Inf.. he beeiinie 2d lient. Feb. 18, 1836 ; 1st 
lieuL July 7, 1S38; capt. June 18, 1846; sen-cd 
in the Florjila war; was disting. at I'alo Alto 
and La Palnia, and at tlie storming of Mo!lno 
<bl Ujy ; br v. maj. and lieut.col. respectively 
for galluMiry at Oontreras and Chnrulmsco 
Aug. 20, and at Chapiil tepee Sept. 13, 1847 ; 
end resigned Mav 7. 1S6I. Made brig.-gen. 
ill theConfed. army in 1861 ; served in N. Or- 
leans in the winter of 1861-2, and retreated 
llieiice with the forces under Gen. M. Lovell 
belore ilie surrender of the city to Flag-Oflicer 



Famgut; maj. -gen. in 1863 ; surrendered with 
L<c. 

Ruggles, Edward, M.D., physician and 
arti-t, I). l";ill Kiver, Ms., 1817 ; d'. Brooklyn, 
K.Y.. 10 Mar. 1867. While studying medicine 
in Paris, he aNo acquired skill as an artist, and 
after his return bad a large medical practice, 
nnmsing his leisure hours at the easel. About 
1867 some of his pictures were exhibited ; and 
the applansc they received led him to devote 
himself to painting cabinet-pieces, wlmh ho 

iirodiiced with great rapidity, and which were 
lighly |)o|)ular. 

Ruggles, Samijel Bulkley, LL.D., b. 
Ct. 1800. Y.C. 1814. Adm. to the N.Y. bur 
1821; member N.Y. Icgisl. 1838; i anal coin- 
miss. 1839; pres. of the board 1840 and 1658; 
U.S. commiss. to Paris Exposition K<i>6, to 
Internal. Monetary Conference, Paris, 18G7, Iii- 
ternat. Statist. Confer, at the llagnc, 1869; has 
pub. many pamphlets on subjects of Law, Po- 
lit. Economy, ami Education — AHihoiie. 

Ruggles, Timothy, lawyer, polilictan, 
and loyalist, b. Rochester, Ms.', 11 Oct. 1711 ; 
d. Wilniot, N. S., 4 Aug. 1795. II.U. 1732. 
Son of Rev. Timo., niin. of Rochester 1710- 
68. He practised law successfiilly at Sandwich, 
and then ::t llardwick; wa» a mcinljcr of the 
Icgisl. in 17.36; and at the battle of Lake 
George in 1755 was a brig.-gen., and second in 
com. App. judge of C.C.P. in 1756, and was 
chief juslico from 1762 nntil the Revol.; speaker 
of the Assembly in 1762-3 ; many years an in- 
fluential m. nib.r of that l>odv ; delegate to the 
Stam()-act Congress at N.\. in 1765, and its 
pres., but rcfus d to concur in its measures, 
and was nprimanded by the legisl. Adhering 
to the royal cause, lie took refuge in Boston, 
where, in 1775, he cndcavoi"e>I, without siicees, 
to raise a coqis of loyalists, and on the di- 
parture of the BritL'h troops accomp. them to 
Nova Scotia, and became one of tli • proprie- 
tors of the town of Digby. A wit, »<liolar, 
lawyer, he was rude in sp'ceh and manner, but 
was an impressiye-pleadcr and an able diliater. 
In Mrs. Warren s dramatic piec-, " The 
Group," he figures as Brigadier Hateall. — 
Hcf ll'«/(/'s L'/i of Curuvn ; Saline's Loi/nlists. 

Rumford, Sik Benjamin Thompson, 
coiinr, phv>icist and stati-sman, b. Wolir.ni, 
Ms., Maicli 26, 1753 ; d. Auteui , Franc-, Aug. 
21, 1814. His emig. ancestor James came to 
N.E. ah. 1630, and settled in Charicstown, its. 
Keceiying a eomraon-scliool cducaiion, he en- 
tered a eounliiig-honse in Salem at the age of 
13, and while thns engaged, and also in school- 
truehing, einploved much of his leisure in in- 
yestigating medicin and ])hysies, attending the 
lectures of Prof. Wintlirop of II.U. lie was 
a clerk in a store in Boston at the tiim' of the 
massacre in March, 1770. He next taught 
an acad. in Rumford, now Coneonl, N.II., and 
in 1 772 m. Mrs. Rolf.', a \vcalthy widow of that 
place, and was made major of niiiiii.i. This 
npp. gave umbra^-e to older oHicers over whose 
h'-ads he w.is placed, and was the ori;.Hn of the 

gTsecntion wliirh afterward drove him into the 
ritish camp, lie shan.d in th'' f^-elings of his 
countr\iiien, although not one of the intense 
patriots of the day, and tried in vain to obtain 
a conunissiou in the Cont. aniiy. He was 



RTJivi 787 



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charged with (lisaff^ction, drivca from his home 
and aft'-Twards from his step-father's resid.'nce' 
in Wobiirn. He had a pul.lic hearing at \Vo- 
bu-.ni, and, though not condemned, was not 
fiiliy ac^iuitted. Oct. 10, 1775, he left the 
Aiuer. lines, and after the fall of Boston was 
sent to Eng. by Gen. Howe with despatches. 
Employed by Lord Geo. Germaine, see. of state 
for the Colonies, he became in 1780 under-sce. • 
on the retirement of Germaine, be returned to 
Am-rica, raised in X.Y. " Tlio Iving's Ameri- 
can Dragoons," and was comissioncd lieut.-col. ; 
Fel). a, 1782, he succeeded, in the absence of Ma- 
rion, in surprising his biigade, then under Col. 
Horry, dispen-ing it, and'destroving its stores. 
Rotuniing to Eng. at the close'of the war, he 
W.19 kniglited, and in 1784 entered tlie service 
of the Elector of Bavaria as aide-de-camp and 
chamberlain. Here he re-organized the militarv 
s;'n-iee, suppressed b.'ggary, and introduced 
numerous retbnns ; among others was the con- 
TcrJoii of an old hunting-ground near Munich 
into a park, where, after" his departure, the in- 
habitants er cted a monument in his honor. 
For his services he was made a State council- 
lor, lieut.-gen., minister of war, and cotmt, tak- 
ing the title of Euraford, liis old residence. His 
health becoming feeble, he made a tour in Ita- 
ly ; wont to En^r. in Sept. 1795, where he was 
robbed of all his private papers, and original 
uotes and oliseiwations on philosophical sub- 
jects. He pub. the record of his labors in Ba- 
varia in a s. ries of essavs. He discovered the 
leading principles upon which fireplaces and 
grates for coal are eon<tructcd, and many other 
economies in tne production and employment 
of heat, which he demonstrated to he only a 
mode of motion, — one of the great discoveries 
of the age. Returning to Bavaria in 1796, he 
was app. head of the council of regency dnr'inT 
the absence of the elector, and maintained the 
neutrality of Munich during the war between 
France and Austria, and was made supt. of 
the gen. police. At the end of two rears, his 
health failing, he fi.xcd his residence" in En"., 
where ho founded the Roy. Institution ; in 1802 
h ■ lixed his residence in Paris; and in 1804 m" 
the widow of Lavoisier, but they soon sepa- 
rat d. He passed the rest of his life in philo- 
sophical and chemical experiments. He con- 
trib. a large number of papers to scientitic jour- 
nals ; made discoveries in the strength of ma- 
teri.-.ls and the force of gunpowder, in light, 
heat, and illumination; instituted prizes^for 
discoveries in light and heat for the Roy. Soc. 
of Loml. and the Amer. Acad, of Sciences, of 
which he liimself received the first on the for- 
mer snbJLCt lioni th j Rov. Soc; and ho be- 
queathed to H. U. the funds by which was 
founded its professorship of the a"pplicaiion of 
science to the art of living in Uil6. He left 
by his first wife a dau., who bore the title of 
countess, and who resided in Concord, where 
she d. in 1sd2. M;id. Lavoisierd. Paris, Feb. 
10, 1S.36, a. 81. (lisessivs wore pub. 3 vols. 
8vo, 1796; Philosophical' Papers, 8vo, ISO-'. 
His Life by Rev. Geo. E. Ellis, U.D., to accomp. 
a complete edition of his works, to be Issued in 
4 vols. Sto, was pub. 8vo, Boston, 1871. 

Rumsey, .I.imes, inventor, b. Bohemia 
Manor, Cecil Co., Md., 1743; d. London 23 



Dec. 1 , 92. In Sept. 1 784 he exhibited on the 
Potomac a boat which was propelled against 
the stream by machinery. Washino-ton wit 
nessed and certified to the fact. Li Mar. 1786 
he propelled a boat on the Potomac bv a steam- 
engine and machinery of his own making, and 
obtained a patent in Va. in 1787. In 178'-^ the 
Runisey Society, of which Franklin was a 
member, was foi-mcd in Phila. to aid him. Ho 
went to London, where a similar body was 
formed, a loat and machinery built for" him - 
and he obtained patents in Great Britain' 
France, and Holland. A succcssfiil experi- 
ment was made on the Thames in Dec, 1792; 
and he was preparing another when his death 
occun-ed. In 1839 the Ky. legisl. pr.-seuted a 
gold medal to liis son, " commemoraiivc of bis 
father's senices and high agency in giving to 
the worid the benefit of the steamboat." Ho 
pub. a " Short Treatise on the Application of 
Steam," 1788. He made important improve- 
ments in miU-macbinery about 1784. 

Runkle, John D.iniel, Ph.D. (Ham. Col 
1870), LL.D. (Wesl. U. 1871), physicist, b. 
Root, Montg. Co., X.Y., 1 1 Oct. 1S22. "Law. Sci. 
School, Camb., 1851. He worked on his fa- 
ther's farm until 21, then studied and taught 
until he entered the Sci. School in 1848. . App. 
in 1849 assist, in the prep, of the "American 
Ephemeris and Naut. Almanac," with which 
he is still connected. In 1856 he pub. in the 
" Smithsonian Contribs." "Xew Tables for de- 
termining the V alues of the Co-ellicicnts in the 
Perturbative Function of Planetary Motion," 
&c. ; and fbuiided the ilathcm. Monthli/, of 
wliich 3 vols, were issued (1859-61). Ele'cted 
in 1865 prof of mathemtitics and analytic me- 
chanics m the Ms. Institute of Technology, act- 
ing-pres. in 1868, and pres. in 1870. 

Rupp, Is.iAC D-ixiEL, writer on agric, 
history, &c., b. near Harrisburg, Pa., 10 July' 
1 803. Publisher of " The Wandering Soul"" 
transl. from the Dutch, 1 833 ; Pfeiffer's " Voy- 
ages and Captivity in Algiers," 1836 ; " Pra'c- 
tical Farmer," 1837. Author of " History of 
the Religious Denominatipns of the U.S ," 
1844; histories of Lancaster Co., 8yo, 1S44; 
Berks and Lebanon, 8vo, 1844 ; York Co.] 
8vo, 1845; Northampton, Lehigh, Carbon' 
Monroe, and Schuykill, &c, 8vo, 1845; 
Dauphin, Cumberland, Franklin, &c., Svoi 
1845; Northumbcrl.ind, Huntingdon, Mifflin' 
&c., 8vo, 1847; "Early History of Pennsvlv! ' 
and the West," 8yo, 1846. — See for compkle list 
of Ilk p„lj;,„ti,-ms Hist. Mar;., Feb. 1871. 

Ruschenberger, William S. W., M.d., 

(U. of Pa. 1830), naturalist and author, b! 
Cumberiand Co., N. J., Sejit. 4. 1807. He was 
educated in New York and Phila.; studied 
medicine; became a surgeon in the U.S.N., and 
between 1826 and 1834 made two voyages in 
the Pacific; from March, 1835, to Nov. 1837, 
he was fleet-surgeon for the E. India squadron 
which circumnavigated the globe. While in 
char-e of the U.S. naval hospital at Brooklyn, 
N. Y. (1843-7), he oi-ganizcd the naval labora- 
tory for supplying the service with imailiilter- 
ated drugs. After again visiting the E. Indies, 
in 1848, he was in 1849 made a member of thu 
board to draw up plans and regulations for the 
U.S. Naval Acad. In Oct. 1854 he sailed as 



Rxrs 



RTJS 



siirpeon of the Piu-ific squadron ; n iiro<I with 
rank of commiMlon; 4 Si'|>t. l(<Ga. Aiiiini^ im 
works nro, " Thrit' Yi'nrs in thi- Piuilic," lg.14 ; 
" A \'oyagc ronml the World, iiuliidin^ an 
Enihns,-y to Miist-at and tiiain," IS.'lti; "Kle- 
mi-ni.< of Natural History," 1850; "A Ix'xiwn 
of Turins usi'd in Natural History," 1830; 
" Notfs and ComnK'ntarics durin;; a N'ova;^' to 
Bnizil and China in the Year 1848,'' 1854; 
notice of the ori^'in, &c., of the I'liila. Acad, 
of Nnt Sciences, 8vo, 1852; Ix-sidcs nnnicrouii 
anicles, on suhjccts connected with the navy, 
in the Smilh. Lit. Misx'iii/er am\ I'uror. Jii-nVir. 
He has written much on medical and scicntilic 
sulyirts in various ]Krio<licals. — /'ii,/rhiiiil.-. 

Rush. Bexjamis, M.l). (Edinli. 1708), 
LL.U., physician, and si^-ncr of the Dirl. of 
Indep., I).' on Poqiustion Cnrk, near I'liila., 
Dee. i4. 1745 : d. Phila. Apr. I'.l, 1813. N. J. 
Coll. ITCO. He studiiil medicine in Thila., 
Edinh., Lond., and I'urU ; l^'gan practice in 
I'hila. in Aug. 1709, and was made ]irof of 
cherai.«try in the im-d. coll. there; in 178'J he 
succei'dcd to the chair of the theory nnil prac- 
tice of medicine ; in 1 791 was nntde prof of the 
institutes and practice of medicine and clinical 
]iractiee, and in 1796 reciMvcd the additional 
chair of the practice of phvsic ; he was also for 
manv years a physician m the Pa. Hospital. 
In the provincial conference of Pa. lie inovtHl 
the resolution to cxiiress in form its sentiments 
on the suhjcct of a Decl. of Inilej>. ; was chair- 
man of the com. to consider its cx))e<liency, 
and was elected to Con;;ress in sea.*on to vote 
for that measure. In tlie same year he was m. 
to Julia, dan. of Richard Stockton of N. J., 
whod. 7 .July, 1848, a. 89. In Apr. 1777 he 
was made sur'r.-fren. of the midille de]it. ; and 
in July, 1777, phys.-pen. He wrote 4 letters 
to the iK-oplc ot Pa. on their constitution of 
1776, wliicli he considore<l very dilcclive, and 
whicli was soon after supersediMl hy a new loriu 
of govt. In Feb. 1778 lie re.si;:niii his |K)>iiion 
in the armv on account of wrong's done to the 
soldiers in rcfranl to the hospital-stores Re- 
sumiiifr practice in Phila., he planned there, al). 
1785, the first dispensatory in the U.S. In the 
State conv. he was a firm su))|iorter of the Fed- 
eral Constitution ; a meinlK-r of the convention 
of Pa. to form a State constitution, and en- 
deavonxl to proiure the incor|H)r«tioii in it of 
his views upon public schools and a |M.iial code, 
upon which he had previously written .some es- 
says. Durinc the piwalcnce of yellow fever 
in Phila. in 179.3, l!u«h alone treated it smvess- 
fully ; Dr. Ramsay, in his euloi;iuni upon Rush, 
csiiinatin;: that he saved not fewer than 6,(HX) 
of ihi? inliabilants of Phila. fii>m death. In n 
sini'le ilay Dr. Rush visiieil and prescritjcd for 
HI ward of 100 patients. Cohlwtt, in his Prirr 
H'"rii/niir's OVirrf.v, assaullc<l Rush and his 
trvatment of the iliscase, carrying his hostility 
o such an extent, that a suit was hixuiirht 
against Cobtiett, and a verdict of *5,000 rcn- 
derid against him. From the kings of Spain 
and Pnissia, the queen of Etniria, and the cm- 
iieror of Russia, he received marks of esteem for 
his medical character. Treasurer of the U.S. 
mint from 1799 until his death. From a j.art 
of his Journal written in his 17th vear, and 
which he continued through life, we (derive the 



only accfinnt of the yellow-fever of 17r2 in 
Phfla. His writings are numerous. Pclween 
1789 and 1804 he wrote 5 vols, of " Medical 
Intpiiries and Observations," which have \mn 
reprinted. His essays — literary, moral, and 
philos. — appeared in 1798, were ri'vi.sed in 
1806; "Diseases of the Mind," 1812; at an 
early day lie had pub. a vol. of " Meiiical 
Tracts," containing es.says ujon temperaiKc, 
health, exercise, ic. Disiing. for philanthropy 
and piety, and was one of the originators, and 
until his' death vice.-pn-s., of the Phila. Bible 
Society. His latest lalK>rs wen- ntion a work 
to have been called "The Meilicinc of the 
Bil'le," which he did not live to complete. 

Rush, .Ia< (Ml, LL.D., manv years pre*, of 
the C. C. P. for Phila., b. I74t;;'d. there Jan. 
.5,1820. Bro. of Dr. Benj. N. J. Coll. 1705. 
In Dickinson's Controversy with Reed, he wrote 
on the side of the former. He pub. in li03 
" Charges on Moral ami Keligious Subn-cts ; " 
" Character of Christ," 12nio, 1806 ; " " Chris- 
tian Baptism," 8vo, 1819; " Re.solve in Coiii- 
inittec Chamber," Phila. Dec. 6, 1774. Re- 
becca Rl'sii, his dan., pub. " Kelorv," a novel, 
1812. 

Rush, James. M D. (U. of Pa. 1909); jdiy- 
sician,.son of Dr. Benj., b. Phila. Mar. 1, 1786. 
d. there May 26, 1869. N. J. Coll. 1805. He 
achieved a high ix'])Utalion as a physician, bet 
later in life secluded himself among his liooks. 
Author of " Philosophy of the Human Voice ; " 
"Hamlet, a Dramatic I'n-lnde." 18.34; "Analy- 
sis of the Human Intellwt," 2 vols. Svo, 1^65; 
" Rhymes of Contrast on Wisilom and Folly," 
8vo, 1869. He left alMuit a million of dollars 
to the Phila. Librarv- Company for the erection 
of the " Kidgeway Branch of the Phila. Li- 
brary." 

Rush, RiCHARn, statesman and diploma- 
tist, son of Dr. Benj., b. Phila. Aug. 29. 1780; 
d. there July .30, 1859. N. J. Coll. 1797. He 
studied law in Phila. ; was adm. to the bar in 
1800; attained considerable repute by his de- 
fence of Diiane, editor of the Aurora, on a 
charge of HIk'I upon (iov. McKean ; w.is app. 
atty.-gen. of Pa. in Jan. 181 1 ; and in Nov. 
eomptndlcr of the U.S. treasury ; removing to 
Washington, he was from 1814' to 1817 atty.- 
gen. of the U.S. ; was temporary sec. of state 
under Pits. Monroe in 1817; and in 1817-25 
was iniiiister to Eng., negotiating several im- 
jKirlant treaties, es|ie<ially that of 1818 n's])Cct- 
ing our tisheries, north-eastern tionndary, ic. 
In 1825 Pa's. Adams nralle<l him. and made 
him sec. of the trea.«urj' ; in 1828 he was can- 
didate for viec.-pres. on the same ticket wirh 
Pres. Adams; in 1829 he negotiated in Hol- 
land an advantageous loan for the cor|Mira- 
tions of Washington, CJeiirgetown, and Alex- 
andria ; in 1835 he was with Cen. Howard 
app. a comniLss. to adjust the l>onndary dis- 
pute between Ohio and Michigan; in' 1836 
Pres. Jackson app. him commiss. to obtain the 
Smithsonian legacy, then in the English court 
of chancery ; he was successful, and in Aug. 
18.38 retunied with the entire anionnt,$5l5,169. 
Minister to France 1847-51. While a mcmln'r 
of Mr. Madison's cabinet, he wrote frequently 
and vigorously for the ncwspaiwrs in defence 
of the war with England ; and in 1833 wrot« 



RTJS 



789 



RTJS 



many able letters against the U.S. Bank. In 
181. 5' he compiled an cJition of tlic laws of the 
U.S. ; in 183;) he nub. " Memoranda of a Resi- 
dence at the Court of St. James ; " in 1843 a 
second vol., " Comprising Incidents Official and 
Personal from IS19 to 1825;" "Washington 
in Domestic Life," 1857; and in 18G0 a vol. 
of his •• Occasional Productions." 

Rusk, Gex. Thomas J., U. S. senator 
184C-56, 1). S.C. 1802 ; d. Nacogdoches, Texas, 
July 29, 1856. lie practised law with success 
in Ga. P.e\noved to Texas in the early part of 
1835 ; was a member of the conv. that declared 
Texas independent in Mar. 1836 ; was the first 
sec. of war; participated in the battle of 
San Jr.cinto, and took com. of the army after 
Cien. Houston was wounded, and until the or- 
ganization of the const, govt, in Oct. 1836, 
when he was again app. sec. of war. He after- 
wards com. several expeds. against the Indians ; 
served in the legisl. ; and as chief justice of 
the Sup. Court, which office ho resigned early 
in 1842. In 1845 he was pres. of the conven- 
tion that consummated the annexation of Tex- 
as to the U.S. — LanmtiH. 

RUSS, HoKACE p., inventor of the " Russ " 
pavement, b. I.'^l-O; d. Halifax, N.S., 31 Dec. 
1862. lie had b'en for some time engaged in 
gold mining in Nova Scotia. 

Russell, CoL. Bexjamin, a Boston me- 
chanic and jounialist, h. Sept. 13, 1761; d. 
J.iii. 4, U45. He learned the trade of a print- 
er with Isaiah Thomas. Served in the Revol. 
army, and while thus occupied contrib. to the 
columns of the S/y, pub. at Worcester by Mr. 
Thomas. Establishing himself at Boston in 
the printing-business. Mar. 24, 1784, ho com- 
menced the pub. of the Columbian Vcntincl, a 
s nii-weekly journal, which for a long period 
In'l no equal in controlling public .senumcnt. 
Himself a powerfid winter, he was aided by 
contributions from Ames, Pickering, Cabot, 
Lowell, Higginson, and other ^v^ite^•s of eminent 
talent in the State. He withdrew ft-om the 
cditorsliip Nov. 1, 1828. He was 24 years the 
representative of Boston to the General Court ; 
several years in the State senate ; was a mem- 
ber of the exec, council, and of the Const. 
Conv. of 1820; and for some years an alderman 
of Boston. His bro. John, editor of the linston 
Gnzrtti- had a son, John C., afterward named 
Jonx B F. Russell (b. Boston, Aug. 1800; 
d. Chicago, Jan. 7, 1861 ; West Point, 181S), 
attained rank of cajit. Apr. 1830; resigned 
June, 1837; afte^^va^d a land-agent at Chi- 
cago. 

Russell, David Allen, brev. maj.-gen. 
U.S A., b. Salem, N.Y , Dee. 10, 1820; killed 
in iMttlc of Opequan, Va., Sept. 19, 1864. 
West Point, 1845. Son of David, M.C. of 
N.Y. 1835-41, who d. 24 Nov. 18G1, a. 61. 
Brev. for gallantry at National Bridge and 
Ccrro (lordo; capt. 4th Inf 22 .lune, 1854; 
m;'j. 8th Inf. Aug. 9, 1862 ; licut.-col. 7th Ms. 
Vo'.s. Apr. 1861 • col. 31 .Tan 1862; served 
through the important battles of 1862-3 ; brig - 
gen. Nov. 29, 1862; led the advance at the 
battle of Fredericksburg, and subsequently 
eom. Howe's div. 6th corps ; disting. at Get- 
tvsbur;:, and in Gen. Grant's campaign from 
tlic Kapidan to the James ; was wounded in 



the assault on Rappahannock Station, Nov. 
7, 1863; May 6, 1864, the second day's battle 
in the Wilderness, his coolness and bravery 
saved the 6th corps from destruction ; May 
9 he was put in com. of the 1st div. 6th 
coips, and wa.- severely wounded at Cold Har- 
bor; in July, 1864, he was transferred to the 
Army of the Shenandoah ; brev. lieut.-eol. for 
peninsular campaign ; col. 1 July, 1 863, for 
Gettysburg ; brig.-gen. for battle oi' Wilderness 
6 May, 1864; and brev. maj.-gen. 19 Sept., 
1864, tor Opequan. — Culluiu. 

Russell, JoNATH.iN, LL.D., lawyer and 
politician, b. Providence, R.I., 1771 ; d.'Jlilton, 
Ms., Feb. 16, 1832. Brown U. 1791. Bred to 
the law, he embarked in the ptu'suits of com- 
merce; but his taste leaned towards politics. 
He was several years minister-pleni])0. at 
Stockholm from 1814 ; and was one of the fl\e 
co.umissioners who negotiaud tlie treaty of 
Ghent in that year. On his return to this 
country, he settled at Mendon, Ms., and was 
M.C. in 1821-3. He was a vers.itilc, forcible, 
and elegant writer. With the exception of the 
4th-of-.july oration delivered in Providence in 
1800, and also his diplomatic corresp. while in 
Paris, London, and Stockholm, Mr. Russell 
left no pub. evidences of his literary abilities. 

Russell, RiCHVED, came from Hereford- 
shire, Eng., in 1640; d. Charlcstown, May 14, 
1676. a. 64. He was representative ia 1646*; 
speaker of the house 16 18, '49, '54, '56, '58 ; as- 
sist. 1653-76; and treasurer of the Colony 
1644-76. His son Jamus, b. Charlcstown, 
Ms., 1 Oct. 1640, d. 28 Apr. 1709. He was 
a representative in 1679; assist. 1680-6; one 
of Prcs. Dudley's council ; member of the 
council of safety 1639, and a leader in the 
revol. movement of that day; councillor under 
the new charter 1692; also a judge and treas- 
m-crof Ms. 1680-6. 

Russell, Gex. William, Revol. officer, of 
Fine;istle Co., Va. He was a gallant and 
eliici'.nt otiic r at the battle of Point Pleasant ; 
was a member of the Va. Const. Conv. of 
June, 1776 ; com. a Va. regt. during the Revol. 
war; and Nov. 8, 1783, was brev. brig.-gen. 
Revol. army. His son Robert, b. 1763, d. 
Calloway Co., Mo., 16 Jan. 1842, served with 
dist. in the Revol.; afterward served sjveral 
years in the Va. legisl.; ab. 1792 settled near 
Lexington, Ky. ; and in 1835 removed to Mo. 
He filled m.any important offices in Ky. 

Russell, Col. William, b. Va. 1758; d. 
Fayette Co., Ky., .July 3, 1825. At the age of 
1 6 be became a soldier in the Revol . army ; was 
a licut. in Cainphell's regt. at ICing's Mouii- 
tain, and rose to the rank of captain ; ho 
serwd hi St. Clair's c.xped. ; com. the advance 
imder Gen. Scott ; was lieut.-col. com. of a 
regt. of Ky. mounted volunteer.^, July 2, 1793; 
served under Wayne in 1794; col. 7ih Inf. 
May 3, U'08 ; com. cxpcd. against the Indians 
at Pimartiiins-town, Oct. 1812; scniug in all 
about 20 c;:mp: igns. He represented bis 
county in both the Va. and Ky. iegislutures. 

Russell, William, cducati<inisi, I.. (Ila- 
gow. Scoilaiid, Apr. 28, 1798. He studied at 
the U. of Glasgow, and in 1817 came to Savan- 
nah. Ga., where in 1819 he became the head 
of the Chatham Acad. In 1822-5 he taught 



Etrx 



790 



the Sew-Towndjip Aemd. »tk\ ;he Vi'tt Hnrt^ 
Gmnouu' School. He ni \ 
ill (Utcuoon io Andu^t. 

J.. --■'-■ 

f... 

N. M*.. 

« -. Nrinal 

I - ; ifnUiivs on 
I- 'Is, r^pcciallv 

Cuter, Maliix. U-D. , Ifiiis. r. l^*2). 
prv-. of Au.-osta Coll., Kv.. 1S2T-32. b. Charl- 
ton. M<. A(.r. 3. i:S3;"d. To.xa". May 16, 
ISJS. Wall bill a comraon-A-hool rUucatioa. 
be «M:> Ucrnsed to ptvaob m Junr. 15U1. when 
liltle nioiv li.ri 16 yc.ir* of «sx?. by iho Meih. 
conf. : «.i- 'veil as an itinerant 

preichcr. r«r*<l in the ian- 

^asv;;.. h.- , civ At one time he 

bail char.-e 1 1 ; .. .Nov .\larket Woslovan Acad., 
and in IS:iO was app- to the ajxncy of the 
Wrsiem Book £$iaKli>htocnt at Ciocinnali. 
He pre*id«sl over AUe^. Coil, in 1S34-: ; aftvi^ 
waul >u)>i. of the' ik'w lui.^ions in fcxa*. but 
60on sii'tk under the toil and exposure towhieh 
ho ' - - ' ■• f He pub, •■Collection of 
Jl - ■ v-cs;"' "Notes on the Ninth 

C, - ■■ ■■ Sketch of Calvin's Lift 

an-, -. Hisiorv of Martvr*," I3mo, 

ld.J4 ; ■■ Kcci-s. History," 8vo. ic.' 

Rutgers, Coi. Uenbt. patriot and philan- 
thr\.pi-t u! N.Y. City; d. Feb. IT. IS-IO. a. S4. 
Co!. Co 1. 1766. A rapt, in tire Revol. army, 
and liKiiht at Brooklyn. Hi* house wa» occu- 
pie>l by the Uriiish as a hospital and hcirrark. 
In It'or be delireivd an udJre^ on laving the 
conjer-sione of the D. R Cburvh in Orvh.-inl 
Sttvcl. Hewasausetiil ivspcvie«l.;;iid weiltiiy 
citizen, a dwidcd jianisan in j^litics. and was 
very charitaUe both to p<iMi<: and private 
obi-Vts. Sl<inl«r N.T. .\»»eajblv. and a resent 
N ^■.^; Cniver^iiy li>«ii-26. 

Butberford, titx. Griffith, b. in Ire- 
Li- ! : ■! T.-n alter 1794. He nesHeJ west 
:!«.• Locke Sctik'ineni. X.C., 
- nted Row.na Co. in the coo- 
.1. In 1776 he Inl a lanK 
^>n v' r :.» :i!^- v n-rokee coumri-. and assisted 
tho i^^ople of S.C. in destroyins their com- 
fields and srtlloiuents. App. a briirailier by 
tbe Prov. Con::;^ -- ■■ »•' i-".-. .,iin. a 
b-i.-.i'le in the ' .Vui;. 

17S<) : iras taker _ Uvn 

r\,-l,_i], ■ ' ,- .111 _. _ ... . ;I tv.1S 

fi i;.ii.saat iiic^iosi'i.i liie «T«r. 

II ~ ' nator in 17$4. and soon after 
r^'. : pivs. of tlie Tenn. Ie:;isl. 
c ~ "94. .V county in X.C. and 
j-. - name. He was brat* nnd 
p.i: ^u.tivatetl in miml and man- 
ncr- 

Butledge, Fdward, sizner of the Dec). 
of Ir • . t CharlcMon. S.C. Xot. S3, 1749 ; 
d .' - ' Son of l>r. John, who came 

f r. 171J. He was the bro. of 

Jv '- . :&oe he Kudied law ; lo 1-0111- 

D^h' n 'i.itL tn 1769 he scat n £ag., ami «a$ 



e-H r.f the Ti- 



On his return in 1T73 
' t was ol'tainii.g 
-en to ilie Fir»t 
1 in 1794. He 

...... 1777, tiikin;; an 

i;es. Ill June. 1776, he 
• llio first boorU of war. 

-„ •,. ,...• ■ , « -i, I .. .1 
ilow. 
app. : 

.;siny of art., which sm^ 
- I I'*'"'.''" "f regular troops 
!rum ror:-i;o_\ J. I-iaud. In 17^<• ho wasiuaile 
prisoner at Charleston, and suffered a year's 
conlineineni at S: .\ii.;ii-ilne befor* be was 
exehan;n?d. li - ir Thila. ami) tbe 

evacuation f l7Si. wU-n. as a 

member of til . 1 veiled at Jack -on- 

bor«u::h, he asseM-. ; ■..• : ■ a.lo^ition of a bill 
of pains and (lenalties. though lenieuily in* 
eiinvil. He then m-irnr-i h-.me. nn i n-srioH 
the practice 
of the State 
tion of the T - 

OpJlOSeJ 10 l.u- ; 1-...1 : i'.i-.,- . , .v;i...i-i 

slavery in the tkiulb. and an antinn;; advocate 
of the Federal Constitution. He was snbse- 

qoently col. o'' - • j- ■ ' •■ ■ -■■ •'■■ 

place of Gen 
In 1795 he u 
seat on the 1- :., _ .^ ^- . _ ... 

Batledge, Kt-v. Ki>».tito of 6.C.; a. 

Sa>.innah. Ga. 1S.12. Y.C. 1S17 Prof. moral 
phiios. U ot I'a.. and pres.-elect of Tran«ylr. 
v. I'ub. 'Familv Altar," " Historr uf'tlw 
Chi.uh of F.nuljn'i. ■ 12nio. IS25 —AlitoM. 
Batledge, Francis Hn.ti: T' li 1 li. b. 
Coil. 1*44). I'rot.-Epis. bis 
Cb.nrieston, S.C. 1799; d. . 
Nov. Iii66. YC 15-'I. > 
Hu-h. He - 
Thvoi Si'iii. . 

ai> Nov. US'. 

became m-ti.r I'l I: ~ \ i.:r..-.iiie, 

in 1^9. and in l^^ ~ - Chureh, 

Tallah.-«i«sec — 1" ' ' 

Batledge, Hi-. - Edward; 

d Jan. I<ll. lu I' iuil;.-e of 

the S C. Coort 01 .\ 1777 was 

speakerofth- — - '"s-.-i 

of the h. of : 
shared his bn • 

From 1791 u.. ....- .;.-> .._4 „. „. 

tbe State. 

Butledge, Job5, bro. of Edwanl. states- 
man .■(ll'l jurist, b. of lri«!i iji -itae I I ir.s. 
ton, S.C. 1739: d .' . ■ 
law at the Temple. I 
ton in 1761. and a;: 

rank as an advocate, lie «as a Icajiui; ni-m- 
bcr of tbe Siamivact Con;:rcs» at NY. in 1763, 
and of tbe S C .. r.w! •. ■•, i-.i 1"T4. ti "hiih 
be was cbo». 
Pbila. He - 
to limit the !• 
in ConpT«s<> it.e ■ 
pronounced by Pii 
orator ibere. He w.i- 
in 1 775 : and in tbe ^ <- . . 



791 



was clmirmun of ilic com. wliich ]ireiiaiccl the 
coMstiiiiiion <iC that State, and was witlunit 
i>|i|io~iiioii ckrifil pies, of the new (.'civt. 
WliLii l'"ort Moultrie was aitaekod liy ihe Brit- 
ish ill June, Uutledye, nirainst the'a<lvlre of 
Gen Lee, sent to it 500 11)S. ol powder, and di- 
leeled Wonllrie not to evacuate it without an 
order Iroin him ; addin;;', "' I wouUI sooner cut 
oil' my rit'lit hand ihaii write one." lie le- 
si^T.cd in 1 77.'*, hiit, on the approach of ilie Brit- 
ish in I77'.i, was cliosen t'ov., ami clothed with 
dietamrial power. Wlieuin 1780CIiarlestonfell, 
|{n:led;;c retired to N.C., and for nearly two 
years aecoinp. and aided the Southern army. 
lie was elected to Con;^ress in 17S2, haviiif; 
retired Irom tlie governorship ; was cliosen 
cluincellor of the State in March, 1784; and, 
while hiiMin;.' that office, Ijecanie a incmher of 
the eonv. li.r fr.iniin^; the Federal Constitution, 
in which he horc a prominent part, and in the 
State convention sironply supported its ratifi- 
cation, ill Sept. 1789 he was a]ip. an assoc. 
jndyo of llie U.S. Sn])reine Court ; wliieh office 
lie rcsi^'ned in 1791, when he was ciceied chief 
jusliecof S.C. In.Jnly, 1795. \Va-hinj;ton app: 
liini chief jnsiice of tlic U.S., ami he presided 
:u the succeeding term of the Suiirctne Court; 
but tile .senate, on assembling in Dee., for poli- 
tical reasons refused to conHrm the appoint- 
ment. I'revidUsly, however, an attack of sick- 
ness had dcjirived Kntlcdjje of his reason, in 
which condilioii he died. He was distin;.'. for 
eloquence, ilccision of eharneter, and intetrrity. 
His son Gen. John, M.C. 1797-1803, d. I'hila. 
Sept. 1, 1819, a. 53. 

Ruxtcri, Gkokge FiiEDEKicK, an En:r- 
li-h iraveller, b. 18:20; d. St. Louis, Mo., Sept. 
29, 1848. At the age of 17 he Icit the military 
coll.of Saiidliurst to enlist in the Spanish army 
against Uon Carlos, and rendered valuable 
scriices. On his return to Eng. in 1839, he 
received a lieutenant's commission in the 89th, 
with which he went to Canada, but, soon re- 
signing, spent some years among the Indians 
and trappers of the West, gra]ihieally depicted 
in his •■Adventures in the Kocky Mountains 
and Mexico," and " Lile in the Far' West." lie 
af:erward niade journeys to N. and S. Alricaand 
toMe.sieo; and ill 1848 again started from Kng. 
for (he Uoeky Mountains, but died on the way. 

Eyder, Jajiks, D.D., a Catholic divine, 
.■md .scholar, b. Dublin, Oct. 1800; d. Phila. 
Jan. 12, 18G0. He came young lo America; in 
K 13 entered the novitiate of the Society of 
.Ii siis, and for 5 years studied at Georgetown 
Coll.; in 1820 be went to Rome, where he 
studied theology 5 years. After his ordination 
in 18i5, he was a teacher of theology and the 
Scriptures in the Coll. of Spoleto for three 
years; returned to America, and was for several 
years vice-pres. of Georgetown Coll. In 1839 
lie was pastor of the cong. of .St. Joscjib's 
(liiiri h, Phila., and afterward of St. John's 
Church, Frederick, Md. From 1840 to 1845, 
and lioin 1848 to 1851, he was prcs. of George- 
town Coll.; and from 1846 to 1848, prcs. of the 
Coll. of the Holy Cross at Worcester, Ms. He 
was exceedingly popular as a lecturer and 
pulpitoiator. A contrib. to the" Kiicyclojiajdia 
Americana; " and sonic of his discourses have 
been printed. — IJisl. Mwjazine, iv. 94. 



Ryerson, Addm-iius Fokuton-, D T)., 

( Wesl. U. 1842), 1.I..I)., clergvinan and ednea- 
lionist, h. Charlotteville, U.C.,'.Mareh 24, 180.1. 
Ills failur Col. Joseph was a lialf-pay officer 
in the British service in the Amer. Kevol., 
and emigrated to N. Brunswick, and afterwaid 
to C'anada in 1793. The son lieeaini' a teacher; 
in 1825 was ord. deacon in the .M. IC. Cliureh 
of Canada, and for the 4 years fol In wing officiat- 
ed as an itinerant minister ; in 1829, after that 
church became independent, he aided in es- 
tablishing, and for some years edited, the (Siinr- 
clidii, its official organ ; in 1841 If was a]i|). 
principal of the U. of Coburg: app. in 1844 
supt. of public schools for Upper Can.ida; now 
(1871) prcs. Victoria Coll. The year 1845 
liespeni in the U.S., studying the methods of 
public elementary edueatiuii. In 1849 be pub. 
a repijitol his tour, and prepared the bid which 
now forms the basis of the Up|ier-Canada 
coininon-school system. Dr. Hycj'son Ikis |]re- 
pared a history of Canada and of the " Uuiicd- 
Ein|jire Loyalists." * 

Sabin, Joseph, bibliographer, b Brauu- 
stou, ICng., 1821. Some years a bookseller in 
O.xford, and since 1848 in'New York. In 1867 
he began to pub. in parts a dielionary of books 
relating to Amer.; has reprinted a number of 
rare American works, and conirib. to various 
periodicals. The "Amer. Bililiopoiist " was 
begun by Sabin & Sons, 1 Jan. 1869. — Alliboiie. 

Sabine, Lori;nzo, hist, writer (son of 
Elijah U.), b. Lisbon. N. II., Feb. 28, 1803. 
Self-educated. He was bred a merchant; was for 
many years a bank-officer, and sub.scquenily 
sec. of the Boston Board of Trade ; three limes 
a member of the Jle. legisl. from IC.isiport; 
was at one lime dcp. coll. of the port of I'a.ssa- 
maquoddy ; has held in M.s. the positici:i of 
agent of the U.S. treas. dept., and was .\l.(\ in 
1851-3. Anthorof a " Lifeof Commodore Pre- 
ble," 1847, in " Sparks's Amer. Biog. ; " " The 
American Loyalists," enlarged to 2 v(ds. 1864; 
" Keport on tiie Fisheries," 1853; and "Notes 
on Duels and Duelling," 1855; and lias lieen 
a contiib. to the .V. .1. Henitr and to the Chtls. 
Exiiminer. The degree of A..M. was confer, ed 
upon him by Bowd. and Uarv. Colleges. Sept. 
13, 1859, he delivered an address on the lOOth 
anniv. of the death of Gen. Wolfe, before the 
N.E. Hist, and Gencal. Soe., Boston ; pub. .soon 
after with notes. Resides in Boston. 

Sacket, Delos B., brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., 
b. N.Y. West Point, 1845. Eiilering the 2d 
Dragoons, he served in Mexico, and was lircv. 
for Palo Alto and Hesaen de la Palina ; capt. 
1st Cav. 3 Mar, 1855; maj. 31 Jan. 1861; 
lieut.-col. 2d Cav. 3 May, 1861; col. and insp.- 
gen. 1 Oct. 18G1. He served through the Pen- 
insular and Md. campaigns on .MeClellan's 
stafV, and on that of Gen, Biirnsidb at tlic bat- 
tle of Fred' ricksburg; and was brcv. brig, and 
maj.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865. — (■■ilium. 

oadlier, Maky An.ne (Madden), au- 
thoress, b. Cooiehill, Cavan Co.. Ireland, Dec. 
31, 1820. At an early age she began to eon- 
tribnte to /.a Belle Assi miltfe in London. 
After the death of her parents, she with a 
vounger bro. settled in Montrciil, where she 
■jmb "Talcs of the Olden Time." In 1846 
she m. Mr. James Sadlier, Catholic publisher, 



SAP" 



792 



8AI 



and now resides in N.Y. She has written 
Catholic talcs, and contrib. to leading Catholic 
pa|«Ts ill Aiiit'iica. — See li'sl nf her works in 
A'elli/'s Awrr. Cat. of Books, 1866. 

Saffold, Redbeh, jurist, b. Wilkes Co., 
Gu., Sipi. 4, 1788; d. Dallas Co., Ala., Feb. 
15. 1H47. Alter practisin"; liw in Ga., he in 
181.') reiiiovcil to Jiukson, Ala., where, during 
the Indian troubles, he com. n vol. eompany, 
seri'inj' also several times in the Terr. Ie;,'isl. 
of Mpi. ; was in 1819 in the State Const. 
Conv. ; in Dee. 1819 was app. one of the eir- 
Ciiit jnd'.'es, beeoinin;,' also a ineinber of the 
Supreme Court; in 1832 wn< one of ihc 3 
jndp'S app. to tlie Supreme bench, of which, 
in I8't.")-6. lie was cliiel justice. 

SafToi'd, Trcmam Ueshv, mathcinalieian 
and astriin., b. Hoyalton, Vt., Jan. 18.36. H.U. 
1854. His youthful precocity was remarkable. 
In his 9lh year lie could multiply mentally lour 
fiK'ires by lour li^iures as rapidly as it could be 
done with slate and pencil, and could also ex- 
tract the sijuare and <ube ryots of 9 or 10 
places of liL'iire.-!. His first almanac was pre- 
pared in 1843, at the a<;e of nine and a half 
years. At 14 he astonished the learned world 
by the production of the elliptic elements of 
the first comet of 1849. Uy a method of his 
own, yoiin^' Satford abridged the labor of cal- 
cubitin;^ moon risinjis ami settin;;3 by one- 
fourth, and that of calculating eclipses by one- 
third. He required the lon;iest and roost dif- 
ficult question to be read to biin but once, and 
Ills answers were usually piven without cflTort 
or fati^jue. Prof. I'icrcc said of liiin in 1846, 
that his knowledu'e and the capacity to acquire 
it " is accoinpanicd with powers of abstraction 
and conccntralioi) rarely possessed at any ape 
except by minds of the highest order." In 
Mar. 1863 he was made adjunct observer at 
the Cambridf^eOb'^ervatory , acting director in 
Feb. 1865 ; ami 28 Dec. 1865 he became direct- 
or of tlie Cliieaj;o Observatory, which po«t he 
yet holds. In 1863 he determined the ri^ht 
ascension of 1,700 stars, and the declination of 
450. In 1865 he observed over C.OIIO transits, 
an extensive series of wliicli, commenced in 
1862, is completed. After the death of Prof 
G. P. Binid, 17 Feb. 1865, the incomplete re- 
port of his valuable discoveries in the constel- 
lation of Orion was written out in full by Mr. 
Sallord. constituting the 5th vol. of the Annals 
of the Observatory. — .S'ee Ladies' Reims., Cin., 
1849, for aee. of thediff. eraminatioits of uouiiq 
Sofford. and notice o/his life . 

SaObrd, \Vii.i,"iam H., b. Parkersburg, 
Va., 1821 ; III 1848 removed to Chillieotlic, O. ; 
niemiier Ohio senate 1858-60. Author of 
" I.ile i.f MIcunerhasscrt," 12mo, 1850; "The 
Bletinerbas-eit Papers," 8vo, \»M. — Allilione. 

Saha^UIl de (da siia-goon'). Bkkkar- 
DI.no, a I'ramiscaii friar, b. Saliagun, Spain ; a 
missionary lo Mexico in 1529; d 1590. Au- 
thor i<( a valuable history, " llislorin Unitfr- 
sill de Sucia /CsjHina," first pub. in Mexico in 
l--.'9. 

St. Clair, Artiich, maj.-gen. Kcvol. anny, 
b. Tlinrso, Caithness, Scotland, 1 7.34 ; d. Gn'cns- 
burg. Pa., 31 Aug 1818. U. of ICdinb. 
(irandson of the Earl of Ko.slyn. He studied 
Biedieine with the celebrated John Hunter in 



Lond., but, inheriting a hirgc sum of money on 
the death of his mother, purchased an ensigncv 
60tli Foot, 13 May, 1757 ; came in Uoscaivcn's 
fleet to Amcr. in 1758 ; served under Amherst 
at the taking ol Louisburg ; was made a lieui. 
17 Apr 1759 ; and was distlng. under Wolfe at 
Quebec. May 14, 1700, he in. at Boston Plic- 
b.-, dau. of Baliha/.ar Bayard and Mary Bow- 
doin, a half-sister of Gov. James Bowdoin. 
Resigned his com. 16 Apr. 1762, and in 1761 
settled in the Ligonier S'alley, Pa., whciv; he 
erected mills and also a fine residciiee. App. 
in 1770 surveyor of the Dist. of Cuml>crlan(l ; a 
justice of tlie Court of Quarter Sessions and 
of C.C.P.. anil a member of the proprietary 
council ; in 1771 a justice, recorder, clerk of 
the orphans' court, and protbonotiry of Bed- 
ford, and in 1773 of Wesimondaiid Couniv. 
In July, 1775, he became col. of militi^i, and in 
tile fall accomp. as sec, the eommiss-oners, 
James Wilson, Lewis .Morris, ami Dr. Walker, 
to treat with the Western tribes at Fort Pitt; 
col. 2d Pa. Regl. 3 Jan. 1776, ordered to Cana- 
da Feb. 16; joined Sullivnn, and, nf:er the 
disastrous aflfair at Three Uivi'is, aided that 
ofliccr by his counsel in saving his army Irom 
capture; brig.gen. 9 Aug 1776; maj.-gen. 19 
Feb. 1777. In Jan. 1776, St Clair resigned all 
his lucrative civil oHices. Joining WM.>hing- 
ton in Nov. 1776, he was at once app. to or- 
ganize the N. J. militia. He reomnnendid in 
council on the night of 2 Jan. 1777 the fiank- 
moveuient which brought on the battle of 
Princ'.'ion, at which he ivndereil valuable ser- 
vice by protcciing the llirds of Assuinpink. Af- 
ter perlorining for a sliort time 4lie iluiies of 
adj. -gen. of the army, he in March succeeded 
Gates in com. at Pliila , and Apr, I took com. 
of Ticonileroga, which, on the ni'.'bt of 4 July, 
be was obliged to evacuate, bis (oi-co being 
wholly inadequate to its defence. A eouit- 
martiallield in Sept. 1778declared that " M,ij,- 
Gen. St. Clair is aiqnilted with ilic highest 
honor ol the charges against liiin." Though 
unemployed, in delcrence to the nnhlic clamor 
against hiin, he remained one of Wa-bingtnn's 
military fimily. acting as his vol. aide at Bran- 
dywinc (Sept, 1 1, 1777) ; a.ssi^ted Sullivnn in 
preparing bis e.\ped. against the Six Nuiious ; 
was one of the eommiss. to arraicc a cartel 
wiih the British at Aniboy 9 Mar, 1780; Aug. 
1 was ajip. to com. the corps of light inf in 
the absence of Lafayette ; was a inruiber of 
the coiiri-inartial which condemned .\l.ij. An- 
dre; com. at West Point from Oct, 1 ; aided 
in suppressing the mutiny in the Pa. line in 
Jan. 1781 ; was active in raising and forward- 
ing troops to the South; and in Oci. joined 
Washington, and participated in the capiiiri- of 
Cornwallis at Yorktown. In Nov. be was 
phuvd in com. of a body of trtwps to effect a 
junction with Greene, and ri'inained in the 
South until Oct. 1782. Memlier of the Piu 
council of censors 1783; delegate to Con- 
gress 2 Xov. 1785-28 Nov. 1787 ; pres. of that 
Ixxly 2 Feb.-28 Xov. 1787; chosen a niemlier 
Anier. Philos. Soc. 1786; app. gov. X. W. 
Terr. 1 Feb. 178S; made a treaty with Indian 
tribes at Fort Harmar in 1789; Jan. 1790 be 
fixed the seat of justice of the Terr, at Cinein- 
nati, giving it the name in honor of the soc. of 



SAl 



793 



SAL 



wlik'h he was pres. for Pn. in 1 783-9 ; npp. 
fen. -in-chief of the army 4 Mai'. 1791, he 
inovcil a^'ainst the Indians of the Miami and 
the Wabash, suffering so severely from jront 
as ti) have to he carried ahout on a litter. The 
|)roxinuty of the foe was communicated by the 
scouts on 'he night of Nov. 3 to Gen. Butler, 
2d in com., hut not to St. Clair. About sun- 
ri>e on the morning of tlie 4th, an attack was 
made by the Indians; and, in spite of St. Clair's 
exertions, he was defeated, losing 600 men out 
of a force of 1,400. A lom. of investigation, 
app. by Congress, after a thorough examina- 
tion, com|ileiely vindicated him. He resigned 
his generalcy 5 Mar. 1792, and 22 Nov. 1802 
be was removed from his governorship by Jef- 
ferson. Retiring to a small log-house on the 
summit of Chestnut Ridge, he passed the re- 
mainder of his days in poverty, vainly endeav- 
oring to etteet a settlement of his claims 
against the govt. The legist, of Pa. in 1813 
granted him an annuity of $400, and a short 
time before bis death he received a pension from 
the govt, of SCO per month. He pub. a narr. 
of his campaign of 1791, with observations on 
the statements of the sec. of war, 1812. — .4. T. 
( I'l'id/iiitit's Mrifioir, from St. Claires papers. 

St. Leger, Col. B.\KiiY, a British officer; 
d. in 17t-y. He entered the army, Apr. 27, 
1756, as ensign 28th Foot; accomp. his regt. 
to Amcr. in 1757 ; served at the siege of Louis- 
burg in 1758ascai)t. in thc48th, and afterwards 
under Wolfe at Quebec. In July, 1760, he was 
ajip. brigade major ; became major of the 95th, 
Si'pt. 16, 1662; lieut.-col.May,'l772; in May, 
1775, was ajip. to the 34th Foot, and was sent 
soon after to Canada. He com. the un^uccess- 
ful expcd. against Fort Schuyler in Aug. 1777, 
intended to co-operate with Burgoyne, when 
he held the local rank of brigadier, and be- 
came a col. in Nov. 1780. 

Saint Simon (siin se'-m6n'), Claude 
An'xk, Marquis de, a Spanish gen., b. at the 
Castle of Lu Faye, France, 1743; d. 3 Jan. 
1S19. He studied at the school of artillery at 
Strasburg; disting. himself in Flanders; was 
made chief of brigade of the body-guard of 
the king of Poland in 1758; Jan. 2, 1770, 
brigadier; Sept. 12, Chevalier of St. Louis; 
Aug. 4, 1771, col. of the regt. of Poitiers, and 
of tiiat of Touraiiie June 29, 1775. At the 
close of 1779 he sailed with his regt. for Mar- 
tinique, and sustained during the voyage 3 ac- 
tions with Rodney ; Mar. 1, 1780, be entered 
the service of Spain as mare'ehal-de-camp, and 
was sent to America with a corps of 2,000 
men, which he com. during the remainder of 
llie war, receiving several wounds, and eontrib. 
to the successful siege of Yorktown. A dep. 
to the sta.es-gcn. in 1789 ; he returned to 
Spain, and at the affair of Irun received a ball 
through his neck ; soon afterwards made lieut.- 
gen. ; he was again wounded by a ball in the 
breast while defending the position of Argensu ; 
and in 1808, when the French attacked Madrid, 
defended it courageously, hut was made pris- 
oner, and condemned to death, which sentence 
was afterward commuted at the intercession of 
hisdau. After there-establishment of Ferdinand 
VII., in 1814, SaintSimon returned to Spain, 
and was madecapt.-gen. and a grandee of Spain. 



Saint Vallier (san' vS'-Iea'), Jean Bap 
TisTE DE Lacroix, Chevrieke dc. Second 
bishop of Quebec, b. Grenol)le, Nov. 14, 1653; 
d. Quebec. Dec. 26, 1727. He was chaplain to- 
Louis XIV. in 1684, when he was app. vicar- 
gen, by Bishop de Laval. He arrived in Can- 
ada July 30, 1685; returned to Paris in Nov. 
1687; was consec. bishop of Quebec Jan. 25, 
1688; and in Aug. returned to Canada. He 
founded the Gen. Hospital of Quebec; revisit- 
ed France ; and on his return to Canada, in 
July, 1704, was captured by the English, and 
remained prisoner until 1709. He pub. in 
Paris in 1688, " iSlat prgsent de I'EfiUae el de la 
Colonie Fraiiroise dans la Nouvelle Franee" 
also pub. under the title of " lielution des Mis- 
sions dti la Nouvelh France." 

Salaberry, Col. Charles Michel, d'I- 
RAMBERKV, Seigneur de Chambly et de Beau- 
lac, a Canadian soldier, born at the Manor 
House of Beauport, Canada, Nov. 19, 1778; 
d. Chambly, Feb. 26, 1829. Son of a member 
of the legisl. council, and descended from a 
noble family of Navarre. Entering the army 
young, he served 11 years in the W. Indies; 
was at the conquest of Martinique in 1795; 
became aide-de-camp to Gen. de Rottenburg, 
and served in the Walcheren expcd. ;• returning 
to Canada, he organized the Voltigeurs; re- 
pulsed Dearborn'.s forces at Laeolle, at the close 
of 1812; and at Cbateauguay, Oct. 26, 1813, 
gained a decisive victory over Gen. Wade 
Hampton. For these services he received a 
gold medal, the order of the Bath, and the 
thanks of the prov. legisl. He was afterward 
a senator, at the same time entering the legisl. 
council as Monseigneur Plessis. — Morrjan. 

Salomon, Gen. Frederick, b. near Hal- 
berstadt, Prussia, Apr. 7, 1826. He received 
his early education at the gymnasium there; 
became a govt, surveyor; served in the Prussian 
art. ; and in 1848 became a pupil in the Royal 
Berlin Acad, of Architecture. He soon after 
emigrated to the U.S. with his bro. Wm. (gov. 
of Wis. 1862-3) ; settled at Manitowoc, Wis., 
where he was a surveyor ; was 4 years register 
of deeds, and chief engr. on the Manitowoc and 
Mpi. Railroad tmtil 1859 ; in the spring of 
1861 he became capt. in the 5th Mo. Vols., 
and served under Sigel in the battle of Wil- 
son's Creek ; col. 9th Wis. Vols, in Aug. 1861 ; 
brig. -gen. July 16, 1862, and assigned to a 
brigade in Kansas. 

Salomon, Hatne, financier, b. of Hebrew 
parents at Lissa, Poland, ab. 1740; d. Phila., 
1785. Eniig. to Amer. before the Revol., he 
established himself as a merchant and banker 
in Pliila., and accumulated a large fortune, 
which he devoted to the use of the Americans 
during the war. He negotiated the war subsi- 
dies obtained from France and Holland ; acted 
as paym.-gen. of the French forces in Amcr. 
At the time of his death, the govt, was indebted 
to Mr. Salomon 8400,000. His descendants 
have urged.the claim, which has been several 
times favorably rejiorted u])on by committees 
of Congress. 

Salnave, Silvain, pres. of the repub. of 
Hayti, b. city of Cape Haytien, 1832 ; execut- 
ed at Port-au-Prince, Jan. 10, 1870. Entering 
the army as a common soldier, he was a capt. 



SAX. 



r94 



SAJNl 



of i-avalry, wlicn, in Dec. 1858, Gcffraixl over- 
threw the ciii|icrur Suiiluiiquc. Salnuvf, tliout;h 
chteflr instrumciiuil in tliis rcrulution, was rc- 
wunleil unly uiili the rnnk u( iiiuj. A;:iiiii liU 
servK-e» were conspicuous in llie repulse of ilic 
S|Hinish invailin^ army; ami, kvlin;; hini.^elf 
Bj;grievi\l by the course of tielTiunl. he coin- 
Diencol 11 revolutionary iiioveniiiil, whicli drove 
the former fmni llnyti, iiml ruisc<l liim to |iow- 
eriii Miir. 1807. Another revolution, heijun in 
Nov. 1863 liy I>oniin;:ue and Sa^-ct, rcsulictl iu 
his overthrow and death. 

Salter. Uichabk. D.l). (Y.C. 1782). min- 
ister of MansKeld. Ct., frutn June 27, 1744, to 
his death, Apr. 14, 1787; li. Boston, 17J3. 
H.V. 1739. lie hud studied lioih moliciiie 
and theolojjy. lie ;:uve to Yale Coll. a farm 
worth S-MkK) to promote the study of Uebrcw 
and oilier lan;:n«;:es. 

Salter, William D., comtuo. U.S.N., b. 
N.Y. 1794; d. KlizalH-ih. X.J., Jan. S, 1869. 
Mid.-'hipiii. Nov. 15, 1SU9; lieut. Dec. 9, 1814; 
muster, .Mnr. 3. 1831; capt. Mar. 3, 18.19; 
comino. (retired list) Julv 16, 1862. IIescr>'ed 
in "The Constitution^' in her action with 
"The liuerrierc." iVuj;. 19, 181 i. Performed 
othercullani services; com. tlie Brool^lyn navy- 
yard in l85t>-9 ; and in 1863-6 was a commiss. 
to examine vessels for the war department. 

SaltOnstall, Dldlky, eommo. in the Con- 
tinental navy, h. Sept. 8, 1738 ; d. 1796, in the 
W. Indies. Son of Gen. Gurdon S. Capt. 
of" The Alfa-d." in Ilopkins's fleet, Feb. 1776. 

Saltonstall, GunDON,clerg)'inan,and kov. 
of Ci. trum 1707 till his death, Oct. 1, 1724; 
b. Haverhill, Ms., Mar. 27, 1666. U.U. 1684. 
Urd. minister of N. London, Nov. 23, 1691. 
His father Col. Nathan was giand.soti of Sir 
Riehurd. He was ilisiini;. as an orator, divine, 
and stateMiiun, and lieqneathed to II.U. i^l.UUO 
to ediicuie siuilenis for the tniiiistrv. 

Saltonstall, Glri>os, b. Dec. 22, 1708; 
d. Norwich, Ct., Sept. 19. 1783. Y.C. 1725. 
Mude bri^.-trcn. Ct. forces 10 Sept. 1776; 
cashiered 7 Oct. 1779 for misconduct iu tiie 
reiioliscot cxiiedition. 

Saltonstall, Letebett, LL.D. (H. U. 
18;)8). la» ver and scholar, b. HnverhiJ, Ms., 
June 13. 1783 ; d. Salem, May 8, 1845. H.U. 
1802. Son of Dr. Naihatiiel. Kducated at 
I'hillips Acad, and at H U. Commcncdl the 
practice of law at Salem in 1805, and soon 
secured a lanjc and profitable business. State 
senator in 1831 : raavor of Salem 18^16-8; M. 
C. l8.')8-t3. Member of the Ms. Hist. Soc. 
as nvll as of the Acad, of Arts and Sciences. 
In bis will he made provision for increasing 
the libraries of riiillips Acud. and H. U. .\u- 
thorofiin " Hi^t. Sketch of Haverhill," in Ms. 
Hist, r.ilis , iv.. 2d series. 

SaltonstaU, Sir Uichard. one of the 
fathers of .M?. I'olony, and ancestor of those 
bearing that name in N. Kncland, b. Halifax. 
Kng., 1586; d. Eng. nb. 1658. Sun of Sir 
Itichurd, lord-mavor of London in 1597 ; came 
over with Gov. \Vinthrop in 1630; was an as- 
sist, in that year, and uimmenced with Mr. 
I'hillips the settlement of Waieriown, but re- 
turned. <liscoura«vd, to T.ng. the next year. A 
lilnral Puritan, he was thronfih lil'e tl>e friend 
of the Colony, and also a patentee of Cu In 



1651 he wrote a letter to Cotton and Wilson, re- 
proving the tyninn\ and (icrsccutions in N.K., 
"as that they fineil, »hip)>ed. and imprisoned 
luen for their consciences." His son RtriiAUO, 
b. at Woodsotue, Yorkshire, 161U, d. at Hulme, 
Eng., Apr. 29, 1694, a. 84. Selllol at Ipswicli, 
and wus an assist- in 1637. He proioiej 
against the intriHiuction of negro slavery, and 
was the fiiend of GotTe and Whalley. 

Saltonstall, Rtcu.uiu, jurist.' U. Huver- 
hiil, June 14.1703; d. Det. 20,1756. H.U. 
1722. Nephew of the gov. ; was a reprcMtita- 
live fruin Haverhill as curly us 1728; subse- 
quently a member of the council ; and was in 
17.'I6 app. a judge of the Superior Court, which 
bo resigned a few nionihs liefore his deaili, on 
aci'ouni of ill health. Chairinuii of the com. 
for settling the boundary-line lieiween .Ms. and 
N.H. 1737. He was n scieiiiilie and practical 
farmer. Of his sons, Riciiaru (b. 5 Apr. 
1732. d. Kensington, Kna., 1 Oct. 1785, H.U. 
1751) was a col. in the Frviich war ( 1756-60), 
sberilf of E.sscx Co., and as a loyaiisi went to 
Eng.,whereheieceivedaiicnsion. NATIIAMtL, 
a di.-I. plivsieian and patriot of Haverhill, b. 10 
Fell. 1746,d. 15 May. 1815 ; H.U. 1766. l.EV- 
ERKTT (b. 2'> Dec. 1754) became a capu, served 
under Cornwaliis, and d. N.Y. 20 Dec. 1782. 

Salvert, Pkrrikk w, gov. of La. 1726- 
32. In 1730 he led an army a;;aiiist the 
Natchez, aud utterly subju;,'atetl that nation. 
He held a comiiii-.-ion in the marine, and was 
a knight of St. Ixiuis ; on returning to France 
he was rewarded lor his services with the runk 
of lieut. -geu. In 1755 he was sent iu com. 
ol a licet for the protection of St. I>otuin;M, 
and .served at the head of a st|uadi\>n iu the 
war lUelared in 1756. — O'Cullirj/tan. 

Sampson, DkUORAII, who served 3 years 
as a soldier in the Revol. urmv, b. I'lvmpion, 
Ms., 17 IKv. 1760; d. 29 A'pr. 1827. Her 
poverty and her |mtriotism led her to enlist in 
the 4t!i .Ms. Uegt. under the name of Robert 
Sliurtleff. She was woundi-d in a skirmish at 
Tarry town ; was present nt Yorktown ; and 
after the war tn. Benjamin Gannett, a fanner 
of Sharon, and received u pension. She pub. 
" Feniule Review" |12iiio, Dedham, 1797), 
probably written by herself. A new eti., with 
intri<d. and notes by Rev. John A. Vinton, was 
pub. 1866. 

Sampson, Rev. Ezra, clergvman and 
auth.ir. 1.. .Middleborou-.'h. Ms.. 12 Feb. 1749 ; 
d. X. York City. 12 Dec. 1823. Y. C. 1773. 
Settled at IMympton, Ms , 15 Feb. 1775, and of- 
ficiated as chaplain in the army at Cambridirein 
Ihelst Revol. campaign; disinisM.-d 4 Apr. 1796. 
He settled at Hudson 1797, and a.siociated 
him.self iu ISOl—l with Rev. Harry Crojwell in 
the editorship of the liiUanct, one of the first 
literar)' journals of the country. Pub. " Beau- 
ties of' the Bible," 1802; "Historical Dietion- 
orr," " The Sham Patriot Unmasked," 18ii3 ; 
and " The Brief Remarker," a scries of es- 
says colliried from tlie IlirtfurJ CouraiJ, and 
pub. 1820, rcpub. in 1835; also a "Sermon 
to Soldiers," 1775. Besides his clerical of- 
fices, he has sustaincil with ability several judi- 
cial and scientific appoiniiuents : app. judge of 
the Columbia Co. Coun in Apr. 1814. — 6'«a 



SA.M 



795 



SA:>r 



Sampson, Fraxcis S., D.D., b. isu ; d. 
1854. L'. of Va. 1836. Oril. 1841. Prof, 
of tlrii'iit. hinu'iiajcs in the Va. Tlieol. Scm. in 
184S. He was i> scholar of repute, and author 
of a Commentarv on the Hebrew.^, 18.i6. 

Sampson, VVilliam, lawyer ami author, 
h. Lonilondtrry, Ireland, ITM; d. at N.Y. 
Dee. 27, i830. Son of an Kpiscopal clergy- 
man. One of the " United Irishmen," and a 
refn;.'ee from his native land ; he came to N.Y. 
in 1807, and established liimsclfin the practice 
of the law. lie piil). his Mcmoir.'i, 18U7; a 
report on a trial for libel, 1807 ; spcecli on the 
trial of J.imes Choetliam, 1810 : trial of Jour- 
neymen Cordwaincr-s; " Is a Whale a Fish ; " 
b.ing a report, &e., 1819; Discourse before 
N.Y. liist. Socielv, 1824; "Sampson a^'aiust 
the Philistines," "Svo, 180.'); "Catholic Ques- 
tion in America," 1813. A collection of his 
nii-eclianeous writin'.;s appeared in 1803. 

Samson, George Wiiitefield, D.D. 
(Col. Coll., D.C., 1853), Baptist divine; b. 
Harvard, Ms., Sept. 29, 1819. Brown U. 
1839; Newton Tlicol. Inst. 1843. Pastor of 
the 4i St. Baptist Church, Washinston, D.C., 
till Ot't. 1849; pres.ofCol.Coll., IXC, 1839-71. 
In 1843 he pub. a series of letters on E^rypt, 
Pidestine, and Italy, besides several articles on 
Goshen, Mt. hinai, &e., in reviews ; and in 
18.')2 a work entitled " To Daimonion," repub., 
much enlarged, in 1860, under the title of 
"Spiritualism Tested;" " Elements of Art- 
Criticism," 8vo, 18G7 ; "Outlines of the His- 
tory of Ethics," 1860; "Physical Media in 
Spiritual Manifestations," 1869. He lias also 
written several Ijist. pamphlets, and critical 
cssavs on art. 

Sandeman, I{oBERi\f originator of the 
sect e.iilcd Sandeinanians, b. Perth, Scotland, 
1718; d. Danbury, Ct.. Apr. 2, 1771. Ho 
studied at Eilinburgh, and afterwards engaged 
in the linen-trade. On marrying the dau. of 
the Ilc'v. John Glass, he became an elder in 
his congregation ; and soon after pub. a series 
of letters addressed to Mr. Hervey on his 
" Theron and Aspasio." His views excited 
much controversy ; and those who adopted 
them formed themselves into church order, in 
strict fellow.-hip with the Church of Scotland, 
but holding communion with no other. The 
chief opinions and practices in which this sect 
ditfrs Irom others are their weekly adminis- 
tration of the Lord's Supper, washing each ' 
other'.s feet, &c. In 1 762 he established a socie- 
ty in London. In 1764 Sandeman accepted an 
invitation to New England; establishud a 
society at Boston in that year ; and settled in 
Danbury, Ct , in July, 1763. His sect still 
exists in both countries. Author of " Cor- 
respondence with S. Pike," " Thoughts on 
Christianity," " The Sign of the Prophet 
Jonah," " ilarriage opposed to all Impurities," 
"On Solomon's Song,"&c. The Sandemani- 
ans were mostly loyalists, and gave the Whigs 
no liitle trouble. 

Sanders, Daniel Clarke, D.D. (H.U. 
1799), Unitarian clergyman, b. Sturbridgc, 
Ms., May 3, 1768; d Medfield, Ms., Oct. 18, 
1850. II.U. 1788. He was preceptor of Cam- 
bridge grammar-school ; studied theology ; was 
ord. and settled at Vergeoaes, Vt., Juae 12, 



1794 ; was, at his own request, dism. in 1799, 
and removed to Burlington ; pres. of the U. of 
Vt. from Oct. 17, 1801, to March 24, 1814; pas- 
tor of the church at Medtield, Ms., from May 
24, 1815, to May 17, 1829. His last i)ublic 
discourse Wiis delivered April 30, 1 848, at .Shcr- 
bnrne, and was a eulogy on John Quincy 
Adams. More than 30 of his discourses have 
been pub. In 1828 he pub. a " History of the 
Indian Wars," I2mo. Member of the Ms. 
Con^t. Conv. of 1820. 

Sanders, Elizabeth (Elkins). of Salem, 
Ms. (1762-1831), m. Thos. Sanders in 1782. 
She was a corresp. of eminent per.sons, and 
was esteemed for good sense and benevolence. 
She pub. " Conversations on tlie Aborigines," 
1828; "First Settlers of N.E.," 1829 ; " Ke- 
views," 12mo, 1841. — Allihom. 

Sanders, Gen. William P., h. Kv. ; d. 
Knoxville, Tenn., Nov. 19, 1863. West Point, 
1856. Entering the 1st Dragoons, he became 
capt. 6th Cav. May 14, 1861, and took an ac- 
tive part in the Peninsular and Md. campaigns; 
col. 5th Ky. Vols. 4 Mar. 1863; was engaged 
in the pursuit of Morgan's raiders, July-Aug. 
1863, and performed valuable service in the 
West; made brig.-gcn. 18 Oct. 1863, and as- 
signed to the com. of the 1st div. of cav. in E. 
Tenn.; ami engaged at Blue Lick Springs, 
Lenoir, and at Camphell's Station, where he was 
mortally woundeil 16 Nov. 1863. 

Sandex'SOn, John, author, b. Carlisle, 
Pa., 1783 ; d. Phila. 5 Apr. 1844. In 1806 ho 
studied law in Phila., and was a teaclier in 
Clermont Sem. He was a contrib. to tlie Port- 
fi/lin and other periodicals; and after his re- 
turn from a European visit in 1835 was prof, 
of Greek and Latin in the Phila. High School. 
With his bro. J. M. Sanderson, he wrote the 
" Lives of the Signers of the Decl. of Imlep.," 
9 vols. 8vo, 1825 ; also author of " Sketches of 
Paris," 1838; " Defence of Classical Literature 
as a Branch of Study in Girard College." To 
the Kiiickorlior.ker Mug. he contrib. some sketch- 
es of England. 

Sandford, Edward, an eminent lawyer 
of N.Y., b. Ovid, N.Y., 1809; perished in the 
steamship " Arctic," on the American coast, 
Sept. 27, 18.54. Losing his father at the age of 
10, he was much indel)ted to his bro. Lewis H. 
for the formation of his character. After an 
■xeademical training, he went, at the age of 15, to 
Albany; became a teacher and lecturer in the 
Kens. Inst.; studied law; began practice in 
New York in 18.33 ; and at the age of 33 was 
app. judge of the Criminal Court in that city, 
subser|ucntly returning to the bar, at which 
he held high rank; member N.Y. senate 1843. 
Contrib. to the Knickerbocker and other period- 
icals. 

Sandford, Lewis II.. jurist, b. Onondaga 
Co., N.Y., ab. 1806; d. Toledo, 0., 1852, of 
cholera. Bro. of Edward. He acquired his 
profession at Syracuse ; removed to N.Y. City 
in 1833; was made assist, vice-chancellor of 
the first circuit in March, 1843 ; vice-chan- 
cellor, 1846; and was from 1847 till his death 
assoc. justice of the Superior Court. Five 
vols, have been pub. of his " Reports of Cases 
ill the Supreme Court of the City of N.Y. ; " 
4 vols, of N.y. Chancery Reports, 1843-7; 



S.A^4' 



ro6 



SA-X 



■nd «lio • Citialiv^oc of th« Lihranr of the 
NY. Ijw ln«iitii:o. 

Sands, Aicxwpkr HAicitTON, roun«rl- 
lor-«tl4»-, Kk1iiui.'IvI. V:» : !> Williain»hurjr, 
Vb.. lSi8. Wni. .11 ' " ' Author of 

" HUiory of « Sui: -'4 ; " R«."- 

rtxtioinof * Si>u:l 1S60. Il» 

wliiol the Qttrl. L-i ..- > ,v > .muml), con- 
tfib. to |x.-i-ioUiciil>, aiiti pub. some law-trraiiwA. 
— AHiUmr. 

Sands, BCVJIM'V V r, ,r-,.ln, u.s.N'.,b. 
MJ. F.S. 11, ISli • -. 1, ISiS; 

liom. Maivh 16. 1-, - U, ISiS; 

capt. .IhU- 16, 1S6'J . 25, 1S66; 

ivarsUm. 24 Ma_v, l^:l. a;ii,;;.d to voast- 
siirvov lS.16-41 ami ISol-S; at tho capluiv of 
Ta!>aj<x>, Mexico, Jnno 15, 1S47 ; com. <\>«.*t- 
»un-e»- s.i^aiuor " Aoti>-o " IS61-2 ; v-oni. steam- 
sloop •• l>a>x)tah." X. Atl. M(xk. stiuad.. 1S6,T: 
on^^ement with Fort Ca.<well, Fch. 23, 1S63; 
i-oiu. ste.imor "' Fort Ja^-bon," X. Atl. blook. 
a|n«>)., 1S61-5; in Kuh attacks on Ft. Fish<'r; 
oo Mo \n ! ' of Wilrain^ton. nioet of tho tinii- 
*'ni • 'i.-»t di»-i-ion from Xov. is&j 

to K ipt, Xaral Obswnuorr 8 



M 



■ n.ls, 
N v., 

.-.ile 



KU>uj; Island, t>ot. ; 

Jiin,. K<l<. Uear 

pursmts, but, euiKnin ;, . . >,;...i:,i, , .. ... mar- 

rii'U into that sov-t, and i-ouiiuon^N-ii tiis pub k- 

ministrr in 1773 bv vi-itin^ nirio-.is (tarts of 

X.K., N\Y., Phila.,'and C.i- . ' . r, ..,, . - u 

until h- \ras 60 years of a^ 

luis-ion in K.urojv aiuon;: ; 

Iri-h. and also ujwn th.- C . ; 

larlv i-.i (.leruuuir and Fran^v. Au ^vouui ui' 

his life was puK 1#+S. 12iuo, 

Sands, Joshia R., ntir-adniiral U.S.X., b. 
Xew York. S»>n of Jiwbua, M.C. IS03-I and 
1S25-7. XXiXshi;.ra.JunelS. IS12; liout.Apr. 
I, ISl?: em. K I>, 23. 1*40; capt. Feb. 25. 
1S54 -Alli»i),IulTl6,I<62; nar- 

ailni serrvd under Chauncey, 

on I- X the war of 1S12, and ac- 

tivelv e:\_- \, ^; u: the caprurv- of Litilo York 
and Fort In-or^-; com. "The Vixen" during 
the Mexican w:<r. s-nHv; s; Alvarado, Tabas- 
co, Vera On: '" '. Tn<{Min,and sent 
bon)« with 'hies, v"co. ; cvni. 
slv>0|>-i>f-war '[''.. I. »iuad., 1(153; 
sloop " Sas.ivi.,1 :i .. '.i lilt, s«in*d., IS57-S; 
Bnuil sipiad. 1*60; U^ht-hoasv insp, IS62-6. • 

Sands, Kobebt Ch.^rle^, essartst and 
poot, b- F:a;l.u h, L.I., Mav 11, 1799; d. JU>- 
boken, X. J.. tKv. 17, 1S32. Col. Coll. 1J15. 

Son of r :■ r: >.in.is (I.. 26 Feb. 174S d. Ho- 
bokt ■ ^ - I'. « merchant and acti>'« 

Re> r of the X. Y. Con st. ConT. 

of IT" ir< :i 111, .!< r .'f the .<tate 

li^.-l. II ..Ira. 

to pmctic!', ' .\Dt 

as an advo.M - v.ly 

to lilmtturt-. Wh.-i .^,i \ '* \ :<r- .-t .»_•>•, hV 
pnh, thtf ■■ Acad mic Recivations" a wv^rk of 
300 pa^e* ; in ISI7. irith *o-ti» liternrv -nends 
he pr- ■ ■ ' I ;- 

rrrf., ^19, 

flir t Id 

•■The.V ..._-, — ,: ... . ,-,Mi,.ir».ihle 



(iir puri'T of ta.»te : in I sea h.- wa^^ on- of t' f 
editors of the .1 
the .V. Y. AVr 
author«of "T!: 



INHI he pub. tho "Iji. 
Paul Joni"«." From l - . 

BS«ist. i-.iir,.r ..i' i;,,. \ 
ttsrr. A 
tice of 1 1 
into Swr 

tur»>;' ■• l^-iae a r.i.i>v U ili, K.U.»UKr;"a 
notiev of Caio Gnwco of Monri; "The Gar- 
den of Venn* ; " " Yanwyden," a tale of the 
wars of KinLT Philip; a pivin written bv him- 
self and the" Rev. .lames \V. r.a.-t!.uni :"" The 
Sim:.' Storx." "S:i!.iii Wit. !,er.ift ; " and 
u.vk 1*- 
i "The 
1> . r. Af- 

ter :.!- .1 .itli, ;i - vti'.n w.vs MM.;.- Irviui hb 
writiniS" bv Gulian C. Verplanek, nub. in 2 
■ M tTM>;r of hw r.if ■. 



vols-, tivwtber » ith a 
Sanford, Kpwabp 

litieal writ, r, son ol N 
X.Y.llvX.Y.Ci-v.l.-. 



.- lo .N.V., h« 
1 in 1S43 «as 

^^■ lu >v -^ .v. 



hi..i.s-.>v-, hi- ■ I,.,, ,,: .. NY. 

oelohrity, "Pot a hijrhly Mi- 

citous si^vimcii 

Sanrord, K/tKnt. i. i{i>ij:«.ik-id. Ct., 

1796; d. Columbia, 8.C.. 1*23. Y,C. 1S15. 
He pub. " History of the I'.S. N'f^-v >h' Rtv- 
oluuon," Svo, isi9; 22 vols. . 
e»l iriition of the " Briti-h P. ■ 
Prvfac-w ; and lel> in M."*. a 
"The Humors of Eut.- 

Sanford, .lossni -t iv-»b, 

Chutvh. Bnx.klvM, M the 2il 

IV - i„- l'hil.v. :;. ... n.- 

. i"t., i7»;, 

1 S.m. 1S23. i; 

•1, 1S29. — S- 
, 1S36. 
■ vTBA>, lairvCT and smator. b 
U L.I., 5 Nov. 17T9 ; d. ih r 1 " 

O: 1-:- A uti. to the bar in Jan. IT > ' i ^ 
com. of Kinknii»tcv for X Y. ISOa ; l" ^ 
atty. X.Y. l!i>0S-r6: »pi«ker X Y A 
isil; snl»i>pK-ntly State -<■ 
State CoiWit Couv' 1S21 ; ch.. 
1S2S-5; and l' S. s.-nator 1 S 1 .V- . 

Sanger, Ralph. O.O. (H.l i - i-.-.r is- 
terof IViver. Ms.. l>. Ouxbarv, June 22, 17S6; 
d, Canihriil}^, M!»t6, 1S>«0. H.l'. 1-08. Son 
of Zedekiab, niitustiT of Unxbury 1776-86, of 



SAJsr 



.97 



SAJ^ 



nriilsowBtcr, Tiee. 1788-1820 {b. SliL-rlmnie, 
I74S; «1. Nov. 17, 1820; H.U. 1771). It.ilpli 
studied divinity; was tutor ut II.U. in 1811; 
and wiw or<l. at Dover, Sept. 16, 1812, where 
he contiTinrd nearly 50 years. He wa.s a State 
nprewiitaiive frotn Dover in 1837, '4.'), '47, '51, 
and '54. lliri son tiEonuE Partiiidoe, b. Do- 
ver, Ms., Nov. 27, 1819 (H.U. 1840), editor 
ol' the "Anier. Almanac lor many yearn; 
" U.S. St:itnt(a .it Jy.w^e," vols. U-15; and of 
llu- /.'III- /I'l/iurlir, IJostDn. 

Sangdtcr, Ciivkles, Canadian poet, b. 
Kinj,'^ton, U.O., Jiilv 16, 1822. He had a 
scanty education, ami labored hard for a sul)- 
eistenec. In 1849 he edited tlic Amhrrsthunj 
(Jourirr, and lia'i t-incc been connected with the 
press of Kinfjston. He has pub. "The St. 
Lawrence and the Saguenay," and "Hespcms 
and oilier I'oenis." — Mnrmn, 

San Martin, Jo.sfc ue, a disting. South 
Aniei'. leader, b on the Imnks of the I'ariina. 
He left the service of Spain with the rank of 
cnpt. in 1811, and, returninj; to his own conn- 
try, received from the revol. K"*''' "f Buenos 
Ayres the com. of a division, with the rank of 
col. A success over a royalist detachment at 
San Lorenzo in 1813 procured liitn the com. 
of tlic Province of Tucnman, which ill-health 
obli;;ed him to resign in 1814. Obtiiinin;;, on 
resuming' active service, the eom. of the Prov- 
ince of Cnyo, contiguous to Chili, he planned, 
with O'lliggins and other Chilian e.\iles, its 
lilieiation. Feb. 12, 1817, they gained a com- 
pleie victory over the Spanish forces at Chaea- 
buco. A final victory over the viceroy of Peru 
at Majiu, April 5, 1818, achieved the deliver- 
ance of Chili, of which O'Uiggins became 
supreme director. He now conceived the plan 
of liberating Pern itself, the only remaining 
possession of Spain in South America. The 
liberating army sailed from Valparaiso, Aug 
21, 1820, supported by a sijuadron under Lord 
Cochrane, and, being sustained by the Peru- 
vians, gained pos.session of the country ; in- 
stalled a revol. govt, at Lima; and Aug. 3, 

1821, declared San Martin protector. A con- 
gress was convened by him at Lima, Sept. 20, 

1822, into whose hands he immediately resigned 
all his auihoiiiy, accepting, in return, only 
the honorary titles of generalissimo and founder 
of the liberty of Peru, with a pension. He 
withdrew from Peru, first to Chili, and aftcr- 
wanls to Eurojie. 

San Roman, Gen. Mioi-el, pres. of Pe- 
ru from 1862 to his d. Apr. 1863; b. 1802. 

Santa Afta, Antonio I-opez de, prcs. 
of .Me.Niid, b. Jalapa, Feb. 21, 1798. Having 
expelled the royalists from Vera Cruz in 1821, 
he com. there until deposed in Nov. 1822. lie 
immcdiatrly raised the banner of the republic 
in Vera Cruz, and overthrew Iturbidc. Pla- 
cing himself at the head of the federalists, he 
was deleuted, and retired to his estate near 
Jalapa until 1828; ho then sided with Guer- 
ri'io, who in 1829 app. him com. of his army. 
When in 18.'i0 liustamenic attained the prcsi- 
ilcncy, he espoused the cause of Pedrazza, 
against whom he had formerly supported Cner- 
rcro. He defeated the army sent against him, 
and Pedrazza was prcs. until 1833. In March, 
Sunta Ana was chosen prcs., but could not 



gain the confidence of the people. He defeated 
Arista and D'Arran in 1833; in 1.83.") he de- 
feated at Zacnlecas the reform party, and an- 
nounied himself dictator. The disconlcntcd 
flocked to Texas, ami proclaimed a govt. The 
ensuing waremlcd in his cuptnre at .San Jacinto 
in Apr. 1836, and the iudep. of Texas. In 
Dec. 1838, he lost a leg in the defence of Vera 
Cruz against the Frenih. Again jircs. in 1841, 
a new revolution hurled him from power in 
1845. The war against the U.S. again placed 
him in power. Feb. 22, 1846, he fought tlio 
battle of ISucna Vista with 17,000 men: Gen. 
Taylor, his antagonist, having 4,000 or 5,000, 
gained the victory. Santa Aria was then de- 
posed by the .senate. Uecalled in 1847, he lost 
the decisive battle of Cerro Gordo, but was 
again ))roi'laim(Hl pres. The Mexicans were 
unsuccessful; a treaty signed Feb. 22, 1848, 
ceded the Territory of California ; and Santa 
Ana exiled himself to Jamaica. In 18.')) he 
contrived to subvert the power of Pres. Arista, 
and obtained his own recall. As pres. ho gov- 
erned despotically for two years, but in the 
autumn of 1 855, f()reseeing danger, he suddenly 
resigned, and escaped from the country. Upon 
the fall of Maximilian his ambition revived, and 
he landed June 4, 1867, at Vera Cruz, expect- 
ing to inaugurate a revolution, but was seized 
and imprisoned at Sisal, tried by eourt-muriial, 
and sentenced to be shot. 

Santa Cruz, Andres, statesman and sol- 
dier, b. Peru ab. 1800. Served ill the war of 
indcjjcnilcnce in 1823; sneeceded Sucre us 
president of Bolivia in 1829; was defeated at 
Vungai in 1839, and compelled to quit the 
country; and in 1849 became minister from 
Bolivia to London, Paris, Home, and Madrid. 

Santana, Gen. Peduo, ex-pres. of St. 
Domingo; d. there June 14, 1864. In 1844 
he acijnired the title of Lilieiaior by siciiring 
the inili'pendence of the Dominican republic 
of tlie Island of Ilayii ; pres. in 1844-9, he es- 
tablished the new nation on a firm looting. 
On the invasion by Souloiique, the Ilaytien 
emperor, in 1849, he was made dictator, and 
defeated him in a decisive baltle near Savanna 
Muncro, Apr. 22. He was again ]]residcnt in 
1853-7, defeating Soulouque in 1853 and' 1856, 
and in Sept. 1857 expelled his successor Baez, 
and restored liberal rule. In the spring of 
1861 Spain undertook to re-annex the repnblie 
to its dominions, and Santana was brib' d into 
adhesion with a lieut.-gcncralship in the Span- 
ish army, a title of nobility, and various deco- 
rations. He died hated by his cuuiilryinen, 
and neglected by those to whom ho had sold 
them. 

Santander, Gen. Francisco de Paula, 
b. Hosario de Cuciila, Netv Granada, April 2, 
1782; d. Uodota, May 6, 1840. Coll. ofUogo- 
ta, 1809. When the revol. began in S. Amer- 
ica, he immediately embarked in the cause of 
independence. Kising by his talents to the 
grade of colonel, Bolivar, after the victory of 
Bojaca, npp. him vice pres. of Cundinainarca. 
Hecontrib. more than any oilier person tu the 
assembling of the Congress of Cuciitn, which 
elected him vice-president of Colombia. From 
Dec. 1821 until Sept. 1827 ho was the actual 
head of tbo executive, Bolivar being engaged 



BAR 



198 



in prosfontin^ the war in Quito »nd Pern. In 
this portion lie arieU with prudence, aliiliiy, 
ami suiveu, Eniorini; u|ion his Mx-onil trrni 
of office in IS2T. }>anliin(ler was from ihal lime 
oi)|)Ose>l to Uolivitr, and was rcitnli-d as his 
pergonal enemy, but in fact was hostile only to 
the dcsiirn of the liherjtor to sus|>cni| or ^ul^ 
vert the constitution. Bolivar sin-ce«lc<l in 
gainini; al>sulutenuihnrity ; and Saniandcr was 
suliscquently chnr^-i d with a share in an nn- 
«ucces>fnl plot to kill the dictator. lie was 
banishcil from the country, and during his exile 
visited Kng . France, and ticrmany. In 18;>2 
8antander was elected prcs. of the ivpuhlic of 
J>ew Gninada. 

Sargeant, Nathaniel Pbasleb, jurist, 
l>. Methuen, N..V. 2.1731; d. Haverhill. Oct. 
1791. H.U. 1750. Son of Rev. Chiisioplier 
of .Methuen. He en;;agvd in the profession of 
law ; was a dccide<l pani^an of liberty, and a 
dele^te ft«m Haverhill, where he then prac- 
tiscil lav«u to the Prov. Con'.;ress of 1775 ; was 
in 1776 a representative and jud;^ of the Su- 
]Hrior Court; and chief ju>tiee in 17S9. 

Sargent. Epes, author and jonmolist, bro. 
of John O., [i. Gloucester, Ms.. 8opt. 27, 1^12. 
Dosoend.'d from Wil.iim, whocame to Gloiici«- 
tor U-forc 1G78. While a school-boy in Bos- 
ton, his father took hiin on a visit to Eunjpe. 
Retnmin" home, he stiidioil 2 or 3 rears at 
H.U., and as.-^i~te<l S. G. Goodrich in^i* vori- 
ons pnblications. He then Ktaine connectwi 
with the ImsIo.1 Ditii) Advertis r. al'tenvard with 
the Boston Alius, and in 1S39 with the .Y. Y. 
JJirrvr. He altenvard resided at Roxbury, 
olited the Doslon Tnviscrijil for a few yeare, 
and has since prensuvil a series of |>opular 
schoo'-l'Ooks, inchnling Speakers and Read- 
ers. He has written "The Bride of G«'noa," 
a five-act play, 1S36; " Velasco." a trap> 
1y, 1837; "'Chan;;v makes Change," a 
-•omedy ; and "The Priestess," a tiugedv ; 
"Ufo'of Henry Clay," 1840; "Songs of t"hc 
Sea, and otiier Poems," 1S47; "Ajrctic Ad- 
ventures by Soa and Ijind," 1S57; a volume 
of "Orijtinal Dialogues" for schools, 1860; 
" Plaiichctt '." a wors on Spiritualism. 1869; 
and " The Womah who Daritl," a poem. ISG9. 
llo cilitixl the " Modem Standanl Drama ; " 
two stories for the voung. entitled " Wealth 
and Worth," and " VC'hat's to bo Done f " ic. ; 
liM written Lives of several English poets pre- 
fixed to ediiions of their writings; has also 
eontrib. fmiuently to magaiines. and puK. 
sevenil iinaoKnowictl;^ novels. His " Stand- 
nnl Sjioaker." 1S52, nas parsed through manv 
largo oiitions. lie also edited a "Lite oi 
Fr.inklin." and i- known as a lecturer 

Sargent, Coi_ Menbt, painter, b. Gloaces- 
ter, Ms.. 25 Nov 1770; d. Boston, 81 Fch. 
1845. A..M. of H.l". l;-26. Son of Dani.l, 
a nienhant of Boston, and bro. of Lucins M. 
Educ-ited at Dunimer Acad., and, showing in 
early lite a taste for art, was sent ahr\>ad, and 
was" (or many years a pipil of Sir Benj. West 
in I..ondon. Returning home, he devoti'd hitn- 
seif to his profession, and prvxiuci-d " The Din- 
ner-Party, perhaps his Ust work; "Christ's 
Entr.incv' into Jerusa'em ; " and " The L,nnding 
of the Pilgrims," which he gave to the Plym- 
}uth Soc. Adj.-gvn of Ms. in ISU, audsub- 



MqncntiT aide to Govs. B.-ooks and Stron : 
Ci>l. S. invented an ■ levated r.iilwav, r.inl «.ij 
a meinbiT of the .\cad. ol Arts :'.nd' St iencrs. 

Sargent, Jons < >9nt>B\E, joumiJist and 
lawver, bro. of Eix-s. and n kinsman of L. M., 
b. (ilouc^ter, Ms., 1810. II. U. 1830. and cs 
tal.li>li.«.l th rv the r.j:,.,;,i„. lie siudi d law 
in Boston ; ncis uilm. to the l>ar; and in 1834-7 
was i-onnecti'«l witli the /Jns/.. , .lf/,i.«. Ho wag 
a reprta-nutive in thi- Ms. le-ji I. in 1805-6, 
and in 1837 b cniiie an iissoc. iditor of the 
y.Y. Coil i-r awl I'nmiir.r, which he h ft .-.lur 
the election of jm-s. llarrison. He tKn prac- 
tised law in X.\ . till 1 S48. when he took rhar>^' 
of the litttrn. a campaign [op. r at W.i.-hing' 
ton. advocating Gen. la_> lor's •. 1 vtion to -.he 
pnsiileney. He aftenvard found d at Wash- 
ington the AWuiWir, nowspajvr, with A. C. 
Bullitt, in which he support, d the compromise 
measures, lie condnciul this j«i|ier on the 
principle of hostility to both the alolition and 
sec«&.-ion parrii-s, until it was discontinued at 
the close of Fillmore's aduiinL^nition. He ha4 
finci- pnicriscd law in Washington and Xcw 
York, wherv he now r-sidcs. In 1844 he pu1>. 
a pamphlet (n printed in Enjr.. and translated 
into various lan'.'n.-iges) on improvem nrs in 
nav;U warfare, w-iih a bi.«j. sketch of Capt. 
Ericsson, and a notice uf Lis inventions, fie 
was a contrih. to " The Token ; " assLste.1 S. G. 
Goodrich in sevenil of the Peter P.-.rl:;y l«oks ; 
and h.is pub. translations tVom the G-'mian, 
and several legnl and loH'ical pamphi ts. 

Sareent, l.icirs SlASiirs. author. r Bos- 
ton -.^o June. 1 780 ; d. W. IIoxl'i:n-. Ms.. 2 Jim>', 
1867. Grandson of Co!. Ejkv (IG'.tO-l762) ;;iid 
son of Daniel Sar.-vnt. 'ihon.h not gr.vl. in 
course, he n.>cuve<l an hon. cle;.;rve in 1 842 (H.U. I. 
He studietl lawunderS.amucI Dcn;. r. 1'.^ n v r 
practised. A tine classiciU so' 
tile ixliied and tr.insl. some mi 
In 1813 he pull." HuKrtcnd 1 
Poems." His lal>ors as a writ r in ih Ciius.,- 
of temperance extendi-d over 30 ye:irs. Ona 
of his tales passed Ih^oug^^ 130 wlitions, and 
W.1S rvpuli. in many languages. l';K>n tljs 
theme he was al.-o a powertui and elective 
lecturer. He contrih. a series of sn-iricnl and 
antiuuari.ui sketches, en, itl»! " '^ ! !i 

the l)e.ad. bv a Sexton of i!i 
(rvpuL.in avol. I856).tothe / 
to wliich he was long a "" •■•' 
tureof" Sigma." Hi- 
bed by honesty of o; ;• 

vigor of style. Some ... . , . . ^a 

the cooly tmdc wen- written i.y him. aiid were 
aftenvniils rennh., without his" knowledge, l>y 
reformers in England. H,- was pn.rons wiitl- 
ont ostentation, and kind-heart^-d. His " Tem- 
perance Tales " w\Te col!, and puh. in 3 vols. 
Author of" Lift.' of S.vnncI D.xt.r," 1858. By 
his wile Marv.sisterof Hon. Horace Binn-v of 
Phiia.. he had Marv-. Hora.•^ B.. and Maniii.s. 
By his si'iiMid wife, Siirah Cutter Dunn, he h d 
L. M. jun.,an acctimplishi'd snrgiwn ai;de val- 
rv-o!hcer. His son Horace Uixxet Svroem 
(h. 30 Jnn-, 1821; 11 L'. 184-3) studi d 1 w 
com 1st Miss, cavalrv, and w^as brev. brig-p-n. 
21 Mar. 1864. — .•» < )ir mimtetwrt of', rilK yri.r- 
alnr fs 'v ./. //. Slifr/'nrH. 

bargent, Lrciis Manlts, Jun., M.D. 



SAR 



roo 



S-A.TJ 



Ron of L. M., h. Boston, Sept. 15, 1826 ; killed 
II ar Belletielil, Va., Dec. 9, 18G4. H.U. 1848. 
He took his de<:ree at the Harvard Med. School 
i'.i l'-57; and wao some time honsc-eurgeon at 
the JIs Gen. Hos|iiral, an 1 also dispensary 
jilivsiciari. Com. sur^'con. 2d Ms. Vols., May 
28," 1861; capt. 1st Ms. C:iv. Oct. 31, 1861; 
inaj. Jan. 2, 1 ^64 ; licut.-col. Sept. 30, 1864. — 
IJtin\ Memorial BUfjiiiiihles. 

Sargent, Col. Paul Dcdlet, Rcvol. 
oiHciT, lp. (jloucistcr, Ms., 1743; d. Sullivan, 
Me., 15 Sept. 1828. Son of Col. Epes. He 
com. a rcgt. at the siege of Dostoa ; was wound- 
ed nt Bunker's Hill ; com. a l)rii.'ado in iho 
summer of 1776; tbu^ht at Ilarkm, White 
I'lains, Trenton, and Princeton ; and, after the 
wi.r, was for m inv years jud^e of C.C.P. for 
Hancock Co., Maine. 

Sargent, WiNxiinop, soldier and states- 
man, I). Cloucester, Ms., 1 May, 1753; d. on 
a vovage from Natchez to Phila. 3 June, 1820. 
H U". 1771. Grandson of Col. Epcs, ami cou- 
sin of L. M. In 1775 he was capt. of one 
of his father's ships. Ho entered the army 
7 July, 1775. App. navy agent at Gloucester 
1 Jan. 1776; capt.-lieut. of ICnox's rcgt. of 
art. 16 Mar. 177G, sening in that line with 
great reputation through the war, and taking 
part in the siege of Boston, battles of Long 
Island, White Plains, Trenton, Pnnccton, 
Brandywine, Gcrinantown, Monniomli, &c., 
and att;uning the rank of major. Becoming 
connected with the Ohio Co., he was in 1 786 
a|)p. by Congress suiTeyor of the N W. Terr., 
its sec. in 1787, and was its gov. in 1793-1801 ; 
adj -gen. of St. Clair's army in the unfortu- 
nate cxped. against the Lidians in 1791, and 
nonndeu; ndj.-gcn. and iusp. in Wayne's cam- 
paign in 1794-5; membor of the Acad, of Arts 
and S( ienccs and of th ; Philos. Soc. He pub. 
"Boston, a Poem, ' 1803. 

Sargent, WiNTiHiOP, author, grandson of 
the preceding, b. Phila. Sept. 23, 1825; d. 
Paris, IS May, 1870. U. of Pa. 1845 ; Camb. 
Law School 'l?47. He wrote an Introd. Me- 
moir prelixcd to the Journals of Officers en- 
gaged in Braddock's cxjA'd., printed bv the 
Pa. Hist. Soc. in 1855 from the original ilSS. 
in the British Museum ; subsequently pub. as a 
" Hist, of an Kxp.'d. against Fort iJucjucsne," 
&c., 8vo. Also pub. a valuable " Life of 
Andre," Boston! 1861; "Loyalist Poctrj' of 
the Uevol.," 1857 ; a supplcincntary volume in 
1860, " Thcl^yal Verses of JoscpH Stansbury 
and l)octor Jonathan Odcll ; " and a "Jour- 
nal of the General Mi-cting of the Cincinnati 
in 1784," 1 858, in the Memoirs of the Hist. Soc. 
of Pa., vol. vi., and Ix'ttcrs of John Andrews, 
]'s(|., 177-2-6, 8vo, 1806. He resided in New 
York, and pr.actised law. Contrib. to various 
perioiIic.iN, especially the A'. A. lieviiw. 

Sarmiento, Don- Domixgo Faustiso, 
LL.I) . pres. Argentine Confed 1868-72, b. 
San Juan 1811. First disting. in opposition to 
Kosas, and was in consequence exiled to Chili ; 
returning in 1836, ho founded a school for 
young ladies, and edited a journal, La Yondn ; 
and :ig:>in exiled by lJos.as. Entering the 
Chilian scnice, he was sent on a sijccial eiluc.v 
lionnl mission to Enro])C ; returning to Buenos 
Ayres in 1851, he cora. a regt. in the battle of 



Jlonto-Cascros which decided the fate of Rosas, 
and established the Arg. Confed. He assisted 
in framing the const, of 1853 ; and was minis- 
ter of instruction under Urquiza ; minister of 
the interior under IJerqui ; afterward g-ov. of 
San , Juan ; minister to the U.S. 1862-5; and 
aftenvard gov. of Buenos Ayres. Author of 
"Life in the' Arg. Hcpub.," transl. with biog. 
sketch by Mrs. Hor. ilann, 8vo, 1868. 

Sartain, John-, b. Lond. 1808; emig. to 
Phila. in 18.'iO. The first to introduce mezzo- 
tinto engraving in America; formerly a jiaiuter 
in oils, and some time proprietor and editor of 
the Union Mdfiiiziiir. lie )mb. " Poetical and 
Prose Illu>trations of Celebrated American 
Painters," 1852. Among his works is the 
granite monument in Monument Cemetery, 
near Phila. 

SartweU, Hlxry Parkkr, U.n. (St. 

Marv's C(.ll. Bait.), Ph. I). (Ham. Coil. 1804), 
botanist, b. Pittstield, Ms., Apr. 18, 1792; d. 
Penn Yan, X.Y., Xov. 15, 1SC7. He began to 
practise medicine in 181 1 ; sen-ed as surgeon in 
the army in the war of 1812; and in 1821 set- 
tled in Bethel, Ontario Co., X.Y., and began 
the study of botany, removing to Penn Yan in 
1832. Ab. 1846 he gave his whole time to the 
study of the genus earex ; and in 1848 pub. 
in 2 vols. " CttriciS Ainern-anfP Sepfeiifnona/is 
Exskcaltt." " Part Third " of this work, to in- 
clude 50 new s|)ecies, was begnn. and over 40 
species collected for it, when he died. His herba- 
rium, the labor of 40 years, containing about 
8,000 species, is now in Hani. Coll., Clinton, 
N. Y. For 40 years Dr. S. kept records of the 
weather, which were pub. nt home, and sent to 
the Smithsonian Inst. He was a member of 
several sci ntilie bodies. 

Sasnett, William J., D.D., clergvman 
and author, b. Hancock Co., Ga.. Apr. 2971820. 
Oglethorpe U. 1839. He studieil law; and 
afterward joined the Ala. Conf , in which he be 
came an itinerant. Chosen prof, of English 
lit. in Emory Coll., Ga., in 1849 ; pres. of La 
Grange Feniale Coll. in 1858; and in 18.59 of 
the East Ala. Male College, Aubnru. He pub. 
a work on "Progress," 1855; and a vol. of 
" Discus^ions in Literature and Religion," 
1850. — yl/vy/f-toH. 

Saunders, Frederic, b. London, 1807; 
established himself as a publisher in NY. in 
1836; assist, librarian Astor Lib. since 1859. 
He has ))ub. " Memories of the Great Metropo- 
lis," 1852 ; " New York in a Xntsliell," 18.53 ; 
"Salad (or the Solitary," 1854 ; " Salad for the 
Social," 18.56; "Pearls of Thought," 1858; 
"Mosaics," 1859; "Festival of Song," 1865; 
"About Women, Love, and Marriage,'' 1868. 
Contrib. to the Dcmoc. Rfv., N. Y. Qmirlcrli/, 
KniH-rrl,rrl:c,; &c. — AUilmK. 

Saunders, John-, jurist and lovnlist, h. 
Va. 1754 ; d Krederickton, X.B.. 1834. His 
grnndfallier emig. to Va., and aequireil lar^'C 
lauded estates. He was liberally eclueated, and 
studleil huv; but in 1776 raised a troop of 
horse at his own expense, and joined tlic royal 
standard. Afterwards capt. of cavalry in the 
Queen's Rangers, he served duri g the war; 
was often engaged, and was twice wounded. 
At the peace he went to Eng. ; became a mem- 
ber of the Middle Temple, and commenced the 



sa.it 



800 



SA.V 



practice of the law ; in 1T90 he became jujgt! 
of the Slip. Court of N.B. ; was soon nl'tcr- 
wanls np|i. n member of the council ; anil in 
1822 chief ju^lil■c. His only son. Jonx Sim- 
cob, held the offices of adj. -gen. .justice of a 
court of judicature, member of tiro council, 
and sec. of N'.B. — S<iUat. 

Saunders, Phisce. «iiy.-gen. of the re- 
public i.r Uuyii. and the amhorof the criminal 
code of thai country, b. Thctford. Vt..ab. 1775; 
d. Hayti. Feb. 12. "l!>39. He was n black man, 
of excellent olucation, and extraordinary ca- 
pacity. Alwut 1S06 he was cinployevi to teach 
a free colored school at Colelie>ter, Ct., and 
aftcrwartls in Boston. Eniig. to Hayti in ISO*, 
he was nt once employed by Christophc to im- 
prove the state of education there, and. visit- 
ing Enp. with that objet-t, was received into 
the society of the nobility, and w;is the guest 
of Sir Joseph Banks, prcs. of the Roy. Society. 
The result of his mi>iSioii not being satisfactory 
to the king, he left Hayti, and returned to the 
U.S., where he studied divinity, and was settled 
over a religious society in Phila. Keiurning 
to Uavti lifter a few years, he was actively em- 
ployed in the public scrncc until his death. He 
pub. " Hayiicn Papers ; " " Memoir on Slave- 
ry," 8vo ; "Address on Educiition," 1818; 
•■ Documents relative to Hayti." Svo. 1816. 

Saunders, Komilus M., lawver and 
statesman, b. Caswell Co.. X.C, Mar. 1791 ; 
d K;ileigh. 21 Apr. 1867. Ho was educateil 
at an academy, and s|>cnt two years in the U. 
of N.C. .\dm. to practise law in Tenn. in 
1812 ; returmtl to N C. ; was in the house of 
commons in 1815-20. two years as speaker; 
was M.C. in 1821-7 and in i84l-5 ; wasatty.- 
pcn. of the State in 1828; in 18.13 was pres. 
of the board of commiss. to settle the claims 
of American citi/cns under the treaty of July 
4. 1831, with France; in 1835 was elected a 
judge of the Supreme Court ; in 1846-.'i0 was 
minister to Spain ; and on his return was again 
clectwl to the Icgisl.of X.C. 

Savage, C|].(Rles C. b. Middletown, Ct., 
1820. Kiigagol in the stetvolyping business, 
N. Y. Hiis pub. '• Illustrated Biography." Svo, 
1852 ; "The World," Svo, 1853." Coiiirib. to 
-liiifr. A/riculturist, .Y.J'. EiVi>')rlist, &C. — 
Allil'oif. ' 

Savage, Edward. port.-p«inter, b. Prince- 
ton. .Ms.. 1761 ; d. there July. 1817. At first 
a goldsmith. He studietl a while under West 
at London, and then in Iialy. In 1792, IkIoto 
be went abroad, he paintcti the Washington 
family, and. finding no engraver, engraved the 
picture himself. He was a man of talent, but 
too versatile to attain eminence as a jiaintcr. 
He lound<.<l .i museum in N.V.. and brought i( 
to Boston, where it made part of the old Xew- 
Eng. Museum. He «as engageil on jiortniits 
in X.Y. in 17S9. He painted a profile portrait 
of Washington on woo-l wliile in Phila , dur- 
ing the presidencv of the latter. 

Savage, Jamks. I.l..n. (HU. I841). an- 
tiquary anil genealo:;i5l. b. Boston. July 13. 
KS*. " H.l'. 181X3. Pescende*! from Tho'iiias. 
one of the early settlers of N.E. Ho studied 
law ; coinmenceil practii-c in 1807. and was 
subsequently a representative and senator in 
the General Court, a couucillor, and a dele- 



gate to the St.itc Const. Conv. of 1 820. IIo 
has also been in the city govt, as a i-onimon- 
couiieilinan and an alderman, as well ns oiio 
of the school com. Contrib. to the .l/i>ii//i'f 
AmhiJaiif and the .V. .1. linirir; delivcreil the 
4th-ofJulv oration in Bo-ton in 1811 ; c<lited 
Wintlirop's " History of X. Eng.," 2 vols. ; pub. 
in 4 vols. Svo. 186<K2, " A Geneal. Hiet. of the 
First Settlers of X. England." a work of great 
merit and researeh ; and in the S. Ii. Mttifiume 
(1832) a " lli-tory of the Adoption of the 
Federal Constitution." Mr. Savage w.is more 
than 20 years sec. or tre-asurer of the lirst 
savings-bank in Boston; 19 years treasurer 
of the Ms. Hist. Soc ,-of which he has aKo lieen 
pres., and several vols, of whose Colbvtions lie 
has edited ; is a member of the Aiuer. Acad, of 
Arts and Scieni'cs. 

Savage, Jons, LL.D. (Un. Coll. 1829), 
jurist, b. 1779; d. Clica, X.V., 19 Oct. 1863. 
tn. Coll. 1799. Member X.Y. Assiinbly 1814 ; 
M.C. 1815-19; afterwani ili>t.-atty. ; State 
comptroller; 14 years chief ju-iice' Supreme 
Court, and US. treas. for Xew York. 

Savage, Jons, editor and poet, h. Dublin, 
Dec. 13. 1828. He was disting. at the art 
school of the Roy. Dublin Society. Imbui.d 
with the revol. spirit of 1848. lie l>«-aroe active 
in the clubs ; starteil 2 re'vol. journals, and led 
the armed ficasants of I'ortluw, |{aih::ormuk, 
and the CariiK'nigh .Mountains. Wlien tliccausu 
was lost, he csca(K-d to X.Y. ; was iiTool-reader 
for the TiUmnt; pub. in 18.50 "Lays of the 
Fatherland ; " in 185lV-,3 wrote for the Wliiy 
lirxitic and the Lkimr. liririr; was literary 
editor of the Clisen in 1854 ; pub in 1850 •' '93 
and '48. the MotUrn Revol. History and LiL 
of Ireland ; " " Waiting for a Wife," a cunK-dv, 
1859; •• Sybil." a tragedy, 1858. lu 1857-61 
he was coiiiuvtwl with the S'n.ta, Douglas's 
organ at W;ishington, and wr.ne " Under tlio 
Rose," a coiucdv, and " Onr Living Represen- 
tative Men." \Vhen the ReUlliun broke out, 
he wrote the |>opular lyrics. " Ttie Starry Flag ' 
and " The Muster of the Xorth," and was 
active in on^niiing the " Irish Brigade " and 
"Irish Legion." "Faith and Fanc\,"a col- 
lotion of liis poems, appearesl in Deceailicr, 
1S63; ill 1864 he connected himself with the 
•V. Orirans f*ii/y Timn; pul>. a cnro|iaiun 
Life of Andrew Johnson in 1864. extended 
into a "Life and Public Se^^•icv■s " in 1865; 
"Fenian Uerix-s and Martyrs." 1868; i«IU-c- 
tive edition of hi~ poems, 1867. — /hii/rii,Ml: 

Savage, John a.. D.D.. pres. o't Carroll 
Coll., Wis., and over 23 years |>astor of ibu 
Presb. chureh. Ogdensbupg. X.Y. ; d. Wauke- 
sha. Wis.. 1.-! Dec. 1864. a. 64. Un Coll. 1822. 

Savage, John H. lawver. and M.C I84;»- 
53 and l^j•>-■.). b. Warren Co.. Ti-nn. He 
served as a private soldier during a campai:,'n 
in Fla. ; ufterwanis siudicil law, and in 1SJ7 
commenced practice at Smithville, Tenn. ; 
attv.-gen. 4ih dist. in I84I-T; ro.ijor of the 
14t"h U.S. Inf. in Mexican war; w.is present 
at the battles of Conireras, Churulmsco, and 
Molino del Rcy. and was wounded at Chapiil- 
tejKV. Promote^! to l>e lieut.-i-ol.. he com. the 
re'jt. after the death of Col. Graham. 

Savage, Samcel PniLl-tps; d. Weston, 
Ms., IX-c. 1797, a. 79. Merehaal of Boston, 



S^VW 



801 



SA.Y 



nml a selectman ; pros, of the Ms. bonnl of 
W!ir (liiiiii;; tlic Ruvol., niiiJ afterward jinljjc 
C.C.I'., .Miildlescx Co. IIU son .Maj. Jostpii, 
i\ii oflicir of art. in the IJuvol., il. lirunswick, 
JMc, 1.', J:.n. 1814, a 58. 

Sawyer, I'KEDERic Willi A.M,h.Saco,Mc., 
22 Apr. 1810. Kcinuvcd to Boston in 1838, 
where, .since 1840, he lias practiseJ hiw. Ori- 
ginator of the Pawners Hank of Boston. 
Author of " The Merchant's and Shipmaster's 
Guide," 1840 ; " I'lea for Amti.scmcnts," 1847 ; 
" Hits at American Whims," &c., 1861), orijji- 
naliy pub., under the .signatures of "Carl "and 
" Canty Carl," in the I'lunsiri/il, to which since 
1847 he has contributed. 0- ^l//i'tonc. 

Sawyer, lIoRAciiBucKi-iN.capt. U. S. N., 

b. Uurlin-ton, Vt., Feb. 22, 1797; d. Wash- 
ington, Feb. 14, 186(1. Midshipm. June 4, 
1812; lient. Apr. 1, 1818; com. Dec. 9, 18.'39; 
capt. Apr. 12, 1853. lie was in " Tlie Con- 
stitution " when Ehe took the British ships 
" Cyane " and " Levant," Feb. 20, 1815 ; lieut. 
of the liri;; " Spark " in the W. X., destroying 
piracy in tliose waters ; and afterward in " The 
Warren," engaged in the same service, in the 
Mediterranean. Kcceivcd a sword (rorn the 
lej;isl. of Vt. in 1856 for services in the war 
of 1812. — ('/. Q'larl. Gdzcllcer. 

Sawyer, Rkv. Jons-, D.U. (D.C. 1857), 
b. llebinn, Ct., (.)ct. 9, 1755 ; d. Ban^'or, Me., 
Oct. 14, 1858. Uartin. Coll. 1785. lie was a 
soldier at the surrender of Bur;joyne. Ord. 
pastor of the Con;;. Ch. at Orforl, N.U., Oct. 
2, 1787; dism. Uec. 17, 1795; at lioothbay. 
Me., from Oct. 1798 to 18U8; and was after- 
ward more than 40 years a missionary in Me. 
In June, 1S57, he addressed a large audience 
at the G n. Conf. in Bath, Me., ftir nearly an 
hour, bciuL.' in his 102d year. 

Sawyer, I-KiCESTiiR Amurose, b. Tinck- 
ney, X.V. Ham. Coll. 1828. Ord. Presb. 
pastor I8;l. Some time pres. of Central Coll., 
Ohio ; anil became in 1854 pastor of the Cong. 
Cli., Westmoreland, N. J. He has pub. " Klc- 
ments of Biblical Interpretation," 1836 ; 
'• Mental Philos.," 1839 ; " Moral Philos.," 
IS45 ; •' Organic Christianity," 1854. In 1858 
he pub. a new transl. of the New Testament, 
and in 1800 vol. i. of the Old Testament; 
"Biblical Science Improved," 1862. — Allt- 
boiie. 

Sawyer, Tiiom.vs Jeffersos, D.D. 

(ILL'.), cicrgvman, b. Reading, Vt., Jan. 9, 
1804. .Mid. Coll. 1829. Iii_18.30. took charge 
of a Univ. society in New Vork ; in 1845 be- 
came principal of the Clinton Liberal Inst., 
Oneida Co., N.Y., and alao taught classes in 
theology. Ho resumed his former charge in 
N.Y. in 1852, and soon after held a public de- 
bate with Rev, Isaac Wcstcott, a Baptist cler- 
gyman, whiih was pub. with the title, " Dis- 
cussion of the Doctrine of Universal Salva- 
tion," 1854. In 1861 he retired to n farm at 
Clinton; and was instrumental in the e.-tab- 
lishment of Tufts College, in which he has 
since 1309 held the chair of theology, lie also 
aided in founding the tlieol. school at Canton, 
N.Y. His wife Carolixe M. (Fisher), au- 
thoress, h. Newton, Ms., Dec. 8, 1812, now 
edits the Ladies' Ile):oi>itorii, and has pub. trans- 
lations in verse and prose from the German. 



Saxe, JonK GoDFRET, LL.D., wit and 
poet, b. llighgate, Vt., June 2, 1816. Mid. 
Coll. 1 839. He was n praetiiioner of law in his 
native State from 1843 to March, 1850, when 
he removed to Burlington, where for 5 years he 
conducted the .S'tH^'«'-/ newspaper ; in 1851 he 
was Stateatty. He has since devoted himself 
wholly to literature and Iccturin,'. At inie 
time Democratic candidate for governor of 
Vermont. In 1849 lie published a volume of 
poems, including " Progrc'ss, a Satire," origi- 
nally delivered at a college commencement; 
and a number of shorter pieces, many of 
which originally appeared in the Kni'cb'rhr>cl:er 
Mii'l. Tlic enlarged edition of 1852 includes 
"The Times," a poem delivered before the 
Boston Mercantile-Library Assoc. He is fre- 
quently the poet of college and other anniver- 
saries. In the summer of 1855 he pronounced 
a brilliant poem on literature and the times 
at the second anniversary of the N. Y. Free 
Academy. "The Money King and Other 
Poems " appeared in 1859 ; " Clever Stories of 
Many Nations," \%M; "Poetical Works," 
cabinet edition, 1804; "Masquerade," 186G. 

Saxe-Weimar, Kaui. Bi;i!miard, duke 

of, b. Weimar 1 792 ; d. 31 Julv, 1862. Author 
of "Travels through N. A. 1825-6," 2 vols. 8vo, 
1828; and Summary of the Campaign in Java 
in 1811. He served in the principal campaigns 
of 1806-15 against the French, and was made 
lieut. gen. in 1831. 

Saxton, RtJFU3, brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., 
b. DeertieUI, .Ms!, Oct. 19, 1824. West Point, 
1849. He worked on a farm until he was 20; 
entered the 3d Art., and became 1st lieut. in 
1855. In 1853-4 he led a surveying-party 
across the Rocky Mountains; in 1855-9 was 
employed on the coast-survey, and made im- 
provements in instruments for deep-sea sound- 
ings, one of which, a self-registering thermom- 
eter, bears his name; in 1859 he became an 
instructor of West Point. At the breaking- 
out of the civil war, he was at St. Louis under 
Capt. Lyon, acting as quarterm. (rank of capt.) ; 
and was prominent in breaking up "Camp 
Jackson; "joining Gen. McClellan in Western 
Va., he afterward aecomp. Gen. Sherman to 
Port Royal as quarterm. ; and April 15, 1862, 
was made brig.-gen. vols. For a short time 
after the retreat of Gen. Banks from the Sheu- 
andoiih, Gen. Saxtou com. at Harper's Ferr^-. 
Military gov. of the dcpt. of the South in 
1862-5; quarterm. (rank of inaj.) July 29, 
1806; brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. l.«65. 

Say, TnoMAS, naturalist, b. Pnila. July 
27, 1787; d. New Harmony, Ind., Oct. 10, 
1834. Karly abandoning mercantile pursuits, 
in which he had been engaged unsuccessfully, 
he devoted himself to the study of natural 
history; was iii 1812 one of the founders of 
the Acad, of Nat. Sciences of Phila. ; and be- 
came one of the leading contributors to its 
journal. In 1818 Say joined Messrs. Miiclure, 
Old, and Pcale in a scientific exploration of 
the islands and coast of Ga. ; in 1819-20 he was 
chief y.oijiogist in the exjicd. of Major Lonir to 
the Rocky Mountains; and in that of 1S23 to 
the sources of St. Peter's River ; in 1825 he re- 
moved to New Harmony, where he spent the 
rest of his life, llis principal work, " Anieri- 



802 



SCIi 



fnnEril()iiif)lop:r."wiispiil> Pliil«.,.1 vol*., 1824- 
8. IIh '■ Aincriciin Concholo^v," 7 nm. of 
wliiili were |nili. ni Mew ilitriiiunr, wasiiicom- 
pii'iv nl lliu liiiic ol lii^ ilct-cnso. ills ili:<cuvcries 
111 new >|ioies of in»ecl» were, perlinps, creator 
tliaii liiiil ever N.'eii inmic l>_v ii ►iiit'i' imliviil- 
uil. Menilwr of the Liiuiouin ami ZoiiloKical 
Sinielie!! of Loniloii. lie was n fniiiient con- 
tril). lo the " TraiKaetions " of tlio I'liilos. 
S>oi iety, the N. Y. Lviviim, Sillimm's .fouinul, 
aii'l numiruiis otlicr scieniitio puba. His roin- 
pleto writiiifp on the Conehology of the 
U.S., c<litcil bv Win. G. Bimev, were pub. 
6vo, 1 S58 ; " "f he Eiitomolofrv.'' cditcl by J. 
L. LoiH)iite, with a Memoir. 2 "vols. 8vo, 1859. 
— .S. /.v.,/. Sl.lrh in ll",;/./,>'.< Lil>., vol. v. 

Sayrej Stkpih;!*, bunker and patriot, b. 
Lon;; Uiund 1 7.34; il. at the residence of his 
son in Va. Sept. 27, 1818. X.J. Coll. 1757. 
Bred a mervhunt, by his ariiviiy and talents 
he had obtninol iniuh distinelion at the period 
of the IJevol. Was sheriff of London with 
Win. Lee, lirolhcr of Kiclianlllenry, in 1774; 
and was (larticularly in the confiJoncc of the 
Earl of Clinthain at a oritieal period, having; 
beciniic a b.inker. His leal for the iiideiK-nd- 
eiicc of his native eonntry was iinmeasureu, and 
an officer of the Koynl Guards, named Kich- 
ait]>on, also an American, seized U|>on a gay 
and ungnartied expression of Mr. 8ayre to 
briiij; a cliarp? of lii:;l> treason for iina;;inin^ 
the death of the kin;;, and he was coinmiiied 
to the Tower. The eliar;.'e soon endi-d in Mr. 
Rayiv's release; luit it had ainrady prwluced 
his ruin. His baiikiii^'-house failed : he lost 
every thin™, and was olilijp.-d to quit England. 
He was then employed by Dr. (nmkliii n|>on 
fcvenil importint missions, actol lor some 
time as his private see., ami went in the suite 
of Mr. Lee to Berlin at the time of the lirst 
suggestion of the i>n>jcct of armed neniniliiy. 
Alter leaving Berlin, Mr. Sayrc passed to 
Copenhasren, Stockholm, and St. I'etersliurg, 
and in each of those capitals procnretl ample 
8n|>p'ies lor the support of American indep. In 
17;'5 he was an active opponent of Washing- 
ton- aihiiiiiistraiioii. 

Scadding, Hknry, d. D. (1852), b. 

l)iinke>we!l, Eng., 1813. Educated at U.C. 
Coll., Toronto, and St. John's Coll., Camh., 
Eiig. M.A. 1840. Classical prof. U.C. Coll. 
lS.'tS-62; rector Trinity Chuivh, Toronto, 
since 1847. Author of" Memorial of Kev. 
W. H. Uipley," 8vo, 1849; Sliakspcnrc, the 
Seer, ic, an' addro.«s, Apr. 2.3, 1864; " Early 
Notices of Toronto," 1805; "Truth's Resnr- 
rwiion," 18C5. Conirib. of articles on iihi- 
loli'irv anil nnii<niiiies to dil. Anifr. Mnq., 
< -.i,,,"./. I , J„.,r , ie. — .1 '/lUlf 

Scammell, Alex.vnder, col. Rcvol. ar- 
rav, li. M>ndon, Ms.. 24 March, 1747; d. Wil- 
li-im hurg, Va., 6 »Vt. 1781. H.U.1769. Son 
of Dr. Samuel Ix-slie, who came to Boston fri>m 
Poi^inonth, Eng., in 17.18, settled in Mend ni 
(!iow Millord), : ml pnulised until his di-.ith in 
175.1. lie taught s»-ho»d in Kingston and Plvm- 
oiith, M-.; was a surveyor at IVrt.siiKiulfi in 
1772; t.in;Jit sehoid at llerwic"^ ; anil w:iii a 
proprie'or of the town of Shapliigh, Me. ; as- 
sist.il C.ipt. Iloi'and iu surveys for his map of 
HJl.; uid ia 1775 wad u lu\v4tudent with Gen. 



Sullivan, and his brigade major at Camhridgt 
in 1775, and on Long Island in 1776. Mado 
col. .Id N.ll. Rfgt- in No*'. 1T76; took part in 
tl»- battles of Trenton and Princeton ; was 
woimded and esj»s ially disiin:.'. at S,irato;a; 
wa~ adj.^^i-n. of tln' amiv from onrlv in 1778 lo 
1781 ; i-ol. Ut S.H. Ucgt. 1 Jan. 1781. and in 
July look com. of a regt. of light inf. While 
otlic r of the day at the sii-gt- of Yorkiown, 30 
Sept. 1781, he was suniriscil while r^t>mnoi- 
triiig, and, after surrenJering, was inliunviiily 
woundol, and died in a few days. He wan an 
officer of great merit and of aniiahle charact«r. 
He was 6 iWl and 2 inches iu height. — ."vc 
Jliil. .U./.;., Sept. 1810. 

ischaetler, thi- n.imo of wn-cril disfing. 
Lntheran ilivines. 11avii> FRi:DLi:irK, I). It. 
(son of Fre<leric<c llavid, D.l).. suce. ssively 
pa-stor at Carlisle, Gennantown. and Phila., 
1760-18.1G). pastor of the Lutheran chnn-h, 
Frederick, M.I., from Julv, 1808, to his d. Mav, 
1837 ; 1>. Carlisle, Pa., 17^7. lie was 3 yeare 
pn-s. ami sec. of the Mil. syninl ; also of the 
gencnil .svnod. Pub. "Uisi. Addre.-s on the 
IJetonnadon," 1818; and edite<i th- l.athmn 
Int:!luieH<\r 1S2S-31. FsEDEIilCK Criiistiax, 
D.D.,'8on of F. 1)., h. G rmantown. Pa., 1792 ; 
d. New York. iLir. 1S31. X.J. Coll. 1818. 
Lici'nsed to preach 1812; wag |>astor at Har- 
risliarg, and th n in X. Y. Ci:y. He pub. 
"Parahl s and Parabo.ic Sayings," and two 
Ecmioiis. Prof. G> r. lang. at Colutn! ia Coll, 
le.10-1. Cii.vRLEs rBr.DERicK, D.D., son 
of F. D., b. G.rniaiitown, Pa., 1807. U. of 
Pa. 1827. I.iiih ran p;!stor at Carlisle, Easton, 
Ac, and siicci-s-ively prof, of th^ol. in the Ln- 
therau S<. in. at Columi.us, O. ; yrv(. of German 
in Pa. Coll., G.Uysle.irg, and of theol. in the 
Ev. Lutheran Sein., Phila. He ha.* pub. Kurtz'* 
" M.imi.'U of Sacred Hist.," from the German, 
1855; Luther's SuinlKr Catechism, with addi- 
tions, 1856; " Aniritt,4-R<'de," Apr. 16, 1856; 
" Dis^-ourse*," ■"'vo, 1S61 ; Lohler's "Com- 
mentary on Acts," IsCG; "True Chrislianiiy," 
&c., 1869 ; " Excgi'tical Punctuation of the 
N. Test., " 1869. Contrib. to the /iiwi?. /.V 
riVir, 1 849-66, and oilier periodicils. Chahixs 
WiLLUM, D.U., graud:Mn of F. D., b. H.n- 

ferstown, Md. Foniurly Lutheran pastor .-t 
larri burp. Has been for some years iia-torof 
St. Micluui's Ch., Ginnaiitowu. He n.%s pub. 
" Disi'oiirso on the 50th .\nniv. of the Ev. Luth. 
Ch . Ilarri-sb.." 8vo. 1845; "Fjirly Ili-tory of 
the Luthenui Ch. in .Vmerica," 1857; and oc- 
casional di-courscs. Co^-ditor of several Lu- 
theran fKTio.lica'». — S/intifur; Al'iloiir. 

Schaff(9lmf), Puiur,'Ph.I)..U.U. (1854), 
theologi in and author, li. Chnr, canton of 
Gristuis, S» itzerland, J.tn. 1, 1819. I', of Ber- 
lin, 1841. Educated at the universiiii-^ of Tii- 
I ingi'n, llalle, and Berlin. He tnivellwl as a 
private tutor to a IVus-si^in noMenian through 
Franc, SwitJerliunl, and Italy (1841-1'), and, 
reluming to Berlin, li-ettire>l on theology ; prof, 
of thiol, at Mcrcersliurg, Pa.. 1844-452 ; "chargwl 
« iili lieri'.-y on aceount of some of his n riiings, 
he wns honoraldy aopiitted by the svnixl at 
York, Pa., in 1845, Fruin Nov. 1862" lo 1867 
he was lifturxT on I'ccles. hist, at And. Sem.. 
and in 186*-70 was prof, of church history in 
tli^ Hartford Theol. Inst., and was in 1871 



sen 



803 



sen 



prof, in the TTnion Thool. Sem., N.Y. He has 
|)u I. in German a "History of the Apostolic 
Church," 1S5I ; "German Hvmn-Book, with 
a Hist. Introd.," i859; and in Kn^'lish, "St. 
Au.irustino, his Life and Labors,^' 1853; 
" America, its Political, Social, atul Heli'fious 
Character," leotnres d 'livcrcd at Berlin, 1854, 
translated in Is55; "Germany, its Universi- 
ties and Divines," 1857 ; " Hist, of the Chri.s- 
tiau Chiu-ch of the First Three Centuries," 
183'», 2 vols. 8vo; essav on " Slaverv and the 
Bible," 18C1; "The Christ of the Gospels," 
18G4; "The Person of Christ the Miracle of 
History," 1865; "Lectures on the Civil War 
in Anierica," 1865; "Christ in Sonp;," 1869; 
besides many contributions to Ainerican and 
foreign periodicals. Dr. S. also pul). the Kirch- 
enfi-inml, a thcolo;;ical niontlily (or the German 
churches of America, iu 184;--.").i ; and has been 
c()-(;ditc)r of the .l/r/c- rshni-i .'.Vr/rM-sinc 1857. 

Sehanck, .Ji>iiN,aBri:Mi admind, b. Fifc- 
ehire, Scotland, 1740; d. En;;. 6 March, 1823. 
He was a lieut. in the navy in 1776, and super- 
intended the construction of " The Inflexible," 
which, in less than 6 weeks from the eommcnce- 
mcnt of her constniction, was the victor in the 
enga;;ement with Arnold's fleet on Lake Cham- 
plain. Ua was of great senice to Burjroyne in 
nis expedition in the constniciion of floating- 
bridges ; and for liis services he was promoted 
to commander, and in 1783 post-capt. ; admiral 
of the Blue, .July, 1821. 

Sehenok, James F., rear-adm. TJ.S.N., b. 
OIuo, .lime 19, 1807. Bro. of Uobert C. Mid- 
shipm. Mar. 1, 1S25; lieut. Dec. 22, 1835; com. 
Sept. 14, 1855; capt. 1861 ; eommo. July 2, 
1003; rear-adm. (ret. list), July, 1870. "At- 
tached to frigate " Congress " during the Mex. 
war; chief aide to Com. Stockton at capture 
of Sant;i Barbara and Los Angelos, and at 
bombard, and capture of Guaynias and Mazat- 
lan; com. mail-steamer "Ohio," 1S48-52; 
steamer "Saginaw," E. India squad., 1860-1; 
com. frigate "St. LawTcnce," block. squadron, 
1C62; steam-sloop "Powhatan," N.Atl. squad., 
1864-5 ; and com. 3d division I'orter's squad, 
in both attacks on Fort Fisher. — Ihimerslij. 

Schenck, Noah Hunt, D.D., rector of 
Emanuel Cli., Baltimore, and in 1867 of St. 
Ann's, Brooklyn, N.Y. , b. Pennington, N. .J., 
1825. N.J. Coll. 1844 ; Gambler Thcol. Sem. 
l'?53. He has pub. 20 or 30 essays, sermons, 
and treatises ; established and edited, 1858-60, 
the Wiatcrn C'lmnhman (Chicago) ; was co-ed- 
itor of the Protestnnt Churrhman 1 S67 ; and con- 
trib. to the Western Episcopalian, Sx. — Alli- 
hone. 

Schenck, Gex. Kobert Cdmmino, b. 
Franklin, Warren Co., O., Oct. 7, 1809. His 
f.iiher. Gen. William C. Schenck, an officer of 
Harrison's army, d. .Ian. 1821. Bro. of Adra. 
J. F. Schenck. 'lie grad. in 182^ at the Miami 
U., of which he was afterward a prof. ; -was 
atlm. to the bar, and settled in Dayton; soon 
after was chosen to the legisl. from Montgom- 
ery Co., serving three terms ; and was M.C. in 
1843-51. In this body he was noted lor ter^e 
and practical speeches, keen and pungent wit. 
Mini.-ter to Brazil in 1851-3. Commits, brig.- 
gen. of vols. May 17, 1861; June 17, 1861, 
while his com. were being transported to Vien- 



na, Va., over the Loudon and Hampshire R.T? , 
they were fired upon while in the cars, sustain- 
ing a loss of 10 kdled and 2 wounded. He was 
engaged at the battle of Bull Run, July 21, 
1861 ; next served in Western Va. under Rose- 
cranz; was ordered to the Shenandoah Valley 
to assist in opposing Stonewall Jackson; and 
for his ellici^nt services at the battle of Cross 
Keys, June 8, 1862, he was placed by Gen. 
Freiuout in com. of a division. In the second 
b.-ittle of Bull Run, Gen. Schenck com. a divis- 
ion in Sigel's corps, Aug. 29 and 30, and was 
severely wounded by a ball which shattered his 
right arm. Sept. 1 8, 1 862, he was promoted to 
maj.-geu. ; Dee. 16, 1862, he was app. to com. 
at B.-iltimorc. During the march of Lee into 
Pa. in July, 1863, Schenck did good service. 
M.C. 1S63-71 ; app. minister to England, Jan. 
1871. 

Schenck, William Edward, D.D., eor- 
resp. sec. and editor Presb. Board of Educa- 
tion, b. Princeton, N. J., 1819. N..L Coll. 
1 ?38. He has pub. " Historical Account of th" 
First Presb. Church, Princeton," 1850; "Gud 
our Guide," 18G3; "Children in Heaven," 8vo, 
&c. — Al^if'onc. 

Schimmelfennig, Gen-. Alexander, 
b. Germany, 1824; d. Minersville, Pa., .Se])t. 7, 
1865. He w,as an ollicer under Kossutli in the 
Ihmgarian war; at the beginning of lsi;i was 
made col. of a Pa. regt. ; served under Sigcl 
in the \a. campaign of Gen. Poj)e; was made 
brig.-gen. for his, services at Bull Rim, 29 Nov. 
1862; at Chancellorsville he com. the first bri- 
gade of Scliurz's division of the 11th corps, and 
held the same com. at Gettysburg.; in Feb. 
1864 he was sent to St. John's Island. His 
forces were the first to enter Charleston, Feb. 
18, 1865, when flanked by Gen. Sherman. Au- 
thor of " The War between Russia and Tur- 
key," 8vo, Phila. 18.54. 

Schlatter (shlat'-ter), Michael, mission- 
ary of the (ici-mnn Ref. Church, I). St. Gall, 
Switzerland, July 14, 1716; d. near Pliila. 
Oct. 1790. He became a clergyman, and in 
1746-51 labored as pastor of the Ref churches 
of Phila. niul Germantbwn. Reorganized the 
synod of the (i. R. Church in Amer. in Sejii. 
1747; went to Europe Iu 1751, and secured 
the services of 6 other ministers for the Amer. 
churches; in 1755 he became supt. of the 
German eharity-scliools in Pa.; in 1757 he 
aceomp. an exped. to Nova Scotia against the 
French as chaplain to the Roy. Amer. Re^t. 
He was imprisoned by the British in 1777 liir 
his patriotism. 

Schley, William, lawver, gov. of Ga. 
lS;!.i-7. I>. Frederick City, Md., Dee. 14, 1786; 
d. Augusta, Ga., Nov. 20, 1858. He was edii- 
catcil at the academies of Louisville, and Au- 
gusta, Ga. ; was adm. to the bar iu 1812; 
practised law ; was judge of the Sup. Court of 
middle dist. of Ga. in 182.5-8; was elected a 
member of the legisl. in 1830; and was .M.C. 
in 1 8.3.3-5. He pub. a " Digest of the Eiitfli~li 
Statutes," and was pres. of the Med. Coll. of 
Georgia. 

Schmucker, Sa.wi:f,l Mosheim, LL.D , 

hi-iorian, son of Samuel S., h. Newmarket, 
Va., Jan. 12, 1823; d. Phila. May 12, 1803. 
Wash. Coll. 1840. He studied theology in tht 



SCH 



S04 



SCH 



Gettj-shun; Thcol. Som., und in 1S42 was li- 
rciWHl to (irciicb m Bloom6el>l. Ilo afiorwanl 
preaihol in Lcwi>ton, P«., ami in tii-miiin- 
tonn, and w«» ilismis^cd in Occ. IS4S. lie 
then $iii<li<xl litw ; was adm. to the I'liila. bar 
in Jsn. ISJO, and practisol in X.Y. in 15i3-i, 
whon lio resumol praciifc in DiiU.. l«ui ocvu- 
pioil him$fir cliioflv in liieraturv. Ho |>iib. hi- 
O(;ra[.hios of Catiiarine II., ISJ5: Xirlnd.is I., 
l#5fi; Fromont, ISoG; Ilamiliun and JcAVr^on, 
1S5T ; Dr. E. K. Kane and Nii|iuleun III., 
ISS* ; Washington and Clay, lS6t>; Histo- 
ries of tho Mormons, 1S5S ; "Arctic Kx) lo- 
rations;" "All Koli-ions," 1S59; "The Four 
Ot.-or-.'es:" " The Mwlom Jews," IS60; "The 
South. Rchcllion," 1S63; " F.rrore of Modem 
Infidelitv," IS4S: " The Spanish Wife," 1S54; 
"TheVankec Slave-Driver," IS3; ; "Memo- 
rable Scenes in . French Ilistorv," IS3T; 
•Memorials of Daniel Wel.-tef." I?59 ; 
" Bine Laws of Conijcvticut," 1S60; ic, &c. 

Schmucker, sasheu S.. d.d.. b. Ila- 

^r^town. .Md., Feb. 2i», 1799. Ord. ISIS. 
Mx years [lastorof the Lnthcmn ehnn-h, New- 
market, Va. ; from Sept. 1 8;;6 to Aug. 1 S64, 
|.rof. of didactic the<il. in, and prvs. of, the 
thiol, scm. at Getiysliur.;; and, sim-e then, 
emeritus prof. Son of John Gi-or-,;^, D.D., 
Lntheran pastor of York and Williiim?burg, 
Pa., 177I-I80*, who pnb. some works in Ger- 
m.in. Samuel S. has pub. " Christian Tcni- 
j.lc," 1S24; "Popular Theology." Svo, 1S34; 
" Portniituro of Lutheraiiism," Svo, 1S40 ; 
" Psychology," Svo. 1S42 ; "Parwil Hienirchy," 
Sro,'lS45: "Christian Piilpit, IS46; " Spir 
itnal Wia^ship of Go>l," 1 S60 ; and " True Ilist. 
of Christ's Church." 1S70. He compiled the 
Hymn-Book of the General SynotI, 1S2S; ed- 
ited EixiHyflisrfi'S yfit'irnin, \S3i\ ; and has con- 
trib. to the BUJ. /i'/<v«'i,>iy. Dr. Bnckcnridgc's 
Uti-irir, and the Ermhfusl Hrritir. — AI.'il^Mr. 
Scbofleld, Jons M».-.\tl.iSTi:R, maj.-gcn. 
U.S. .v., b. ChMutauqua Co., X.Y., Sept. 29, 
IS31. West Point, 1S53. Entering the 2d 
Art., he was 5 yeans an instr in nai. philos. at 
West Point, and was lillinir, under lea^^■ of ab- 
sence, the chair of nat. pliilos. in Washington 
U , St. Louis, Mo., when the civil war Ix-gan. 
App.capt. May 14, IS61 ; niaj. 1st Mo. Int.; he 
was chief of start" to Gen. Lyon when he tell at 
Wilson's Creek ; Kx-anic brig-gen. vols. Xor. 

21, 1S6I, and was assigned to rom. the Mo. 
luilitia; 15 Apr. IS62, the dist. of Mo. was 
assiu'ned to him ; in Oct. he received the i-om. 
of the army of the frontier, comprising the 
troops of Mo. and Kansas, with which he drove 
all the orTjaniiiil ConlVtl. fon-es back to the 
V-tlley of the Ark., defeating Hiudman, Oct. 

22. at Maysville, near Pea Kidge. Ark., and 
rnrsning him iK-yond the Boston Mountains. 
Jiaj.-gen. vols. Nov. 29, 1S62; brig.-gen. L'.S. 
A. Nov. 30, 1S64 : ninj.-gen. .Mar. 4, 1S69 ; S 
Mav. 1«64. he joinetl ^l^'^uan «rith the Army 
of iW < thio. and mis conspicuous in all the l>at- 
tles and oixm'ions of the Atlanta ramjuign, 
and until the snmnderol Gen. J. E.Johnston, 
corog. the i3'\ corps. He left Sherman in 
Nov. 1S64 to assist Gen. Thomas at Xasliville, 
repulsing the att:ick of Hood; and commanded 
at the I'attle of Franklin, and was couspiiuous 
in the derisire battle of Nashville. 15 a'ld 16 



Dec. Transferrol to N.C., he took possc*«ion 
of Wilmington, Feb. 22, 1S63, advanced into 
the interior of the State, Ix'Bt the em-my in sev- 
eral engagements, and entenwl Goldsloiruugh 
just bclono Sherman. Brev. maj.-gen. U S.A. 
1.1 Mar. IS65 for the battle of Fnnklin. App. 
May 2, IS67, to i1k> com. of the lirst tuilitarr 
district, comprising the Slate ol Va. ; see. 
of war mf iitTiVa on the iv-ignation of (Wa. 
Grant; omlimied May ;ui. 1^68; rcsignal Mar. 
1S69, and assigned to com. the dep. of the 
Mivouri. 

Schoolcraft, Hesrt Rowe, LL.D , au- 
thor, b. Walervliet. NY., Mat\h 2S, 1793; d. 
Washington. DC, Dec. 10, IS64. His lir^t 
American ancestor settled in .\ibany Co. in 
the reign of George H., and taught school ; 
whence his name of Culeraft was jxipularly 
changwl to Sehoolrrafk. He enter\-d I'n. Coll. 
in lS07,and studied chemistry and miiienilo::y. 
Lawn-nce his father being supt. of glas>-works, 
he pub. a work on " Vitreology " in 1817. He 
made a Western journey in 1S17-18; rctnnicJ 
with a very complete minerjiogical ami gvi>- 
logical collection, and pub. " A View of tlic 
Lead Mines of Mo.," 1819, and a narrative, 
since enlarged, cniiiled " Scenes and Adven- 
tures in the Semi-Alpine Region of the Oiark 
Mountains of .Mo. and Ark.," IS53, In 1S20 
he was app. geologist to an e.\plorin;;-ex|>e<l., 
under Gen. C-iss, to the Lake-SujHrior copinr 
region, of which he pub. a n«rniti\e in 1821, 
and also as sec. of a minmiss. to treat witti the 
Indians at Chicapi ; travilliTi thron;;h III., and 
along the Wahash and Miami Rivers, and em- 
bodied the results in " Travels in the Central 
Portions of the Mpi. Valley," lS2o. A|'i>. in 
1S23 Indian agent, he i-siaiilishcd liim-.lf al 
Sault Ste. Marie, and aficrwatxi at Michiiimaci- 
nae, and m. a Miss Johnsion, the ;:rand dan. 
of an Indian chief. In IS28-52 he was a member 
of the Terr, legist, of .Mich. ; in 1828 tbunded 
the Mich. Ui>t. Soc. ; in 1831 the Algic S.xiety 
al Detrwit, two of his lectures before which, on 
the Grammatic.il Construction of the Indian 
Languages, were translated by Duponoean, and 
presented to the French Institute, which 
awarded him a gold nie<lal. He pub. at this 
time " The Rise of the West," a poem ; " Gce- 
h.^le, an Indian Lament ; ' " Indian Melodies ; " 
"The Man of Bronie;" and " loscti, or the 
Vale of Nonna; " besides an .\lgonquin Gram- 
mar. He led a second govt, exjed. in 1S32; 
anil jHih. " A Narnttive of an Ex)«d. to Itasca 
Luke," 1 934. Commi.ss. to treat with the tribes 
on the rpper Lakes in IS.'iB, he procurol from 
them the ccvsion of I6.1XHVO" aires of land to 
the L'. S ; he was then app. acting supt. of 
Indian atfairs, and in IS39 chief dishur>ing 
agent for the Northern dept. In 1842 ho 
visiieil Euru|>e, and on his return luade a tour 
in Western Va., Ohio, and Canada. App. by 
the N.Y. legisl. in 1S45, he made a census, and 
collecieil statistics, of the Six Nations of N.Y. ; 
pub. the results in " Notes on the Injuuoi*," 
1847. Mar. 3, 184", by a resolve of Congress, 
Mr. Schoolcraft engaged in a work enli;leil 
" Hist, and Statistical Infonnation rcspectini; 
the History, Condition, and Prospects of tho 
Indian Tribes of the U.S.," of which 6 vols. 
4 to have appeared. Ue is also the author of 



805 



sen 



" Al<;ic Reseurclies," 2 Vdls. 1839 (revised cd. 
185(;); " Talliidcsa. a Tiile of the Creek War;" 
" Dneotft, or the Red Knee of America," 1844; 
" I'ersonal Memoirs of a Hesidcnee of .'JO Years 
with the Indian Trdjes on the American Fron- 
tiers," 1853 ; and " The Mjih of Hiawatha and 
other Oral Lc^'ends." His two worlds on the 
L'p|)er Mpi. have hcen combined under the 
title of " Narrative of an Exploratory Kxped. to 
the Sources of the M))i. Hiverin 18:i(l, resumed 
and completed by tlic Discovery of its Ori- 
}.'in in Itasca Lake in 1832," "The Indian 
Fail v-Iiook," compiled from his MS., was pub. 
by C'. MatlhL'WS. N.Y., ISG8. — Aii/iUlon. 

Schouler, <JEX. William, adj. -gen. Ms. 
1 SOO-O, b. at Kilbarchan, Siotland, 13 IJee. 1814. 
Came to N.Y. with his lather, a calico-printer, 
in 1815; soon removed to Ms., aiid followed his 
father's trade in Taunton, Lynn, and W. Cam- 
bridge. Became proi)r. and cd. of the Lowell 
Courier 1841-7; one of the proprs. and cds. 
Daili/ Alias, Boston, 1847-53; co.-ed. Ciii. da- 
telle 185.3-6; Ohio Ulale Jour. 1856-8; ed. 
Boston Atlas am! Ilie, 1858. F'our times in Ms. 
legisl.; member Const. Conv. 1853. Author 
of " Mass. in the Civil War," 2 vols. 8vo, 
1868-71; and of a series of "Personal and 
Polit. Recoils." in the lloslon Journal in 1870. 

Schriver, Edmund, insp.-gen., and brev. 
maj.-iren. U.S.A., b. Pa. West Point, 18.33. 
Entering 2d Art., transferred to adj. -gen. dept. 
as eapt. 7 July, 1838; resigned 31 July, 184G; 
pros. Reus, and Saratoga R.R. Co. 1851-61; 
aide-de-camp to (iov. Morgan, Apr. 1861; lieut.- 
col. nth Inf. 14 May, 1861 ; col. and A.U.C. 
18 Mav, 1862; col. and insp.-gen. 13 March, 
1863 ; 'brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. 1 Aug. 1864, 
and maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 1865, for services in the 
Rebellion ; chief of staff (1st corjis) Mar. 1862 
to Jan. 1863; in the Shenandoah campaign 
and the Northern Va. campaign, and present 
at Cedar Mountain, Manassas, and Chantilly ; 
insp.-gen. (Army of the Potoiimc) 186.3-5 ; and 
cngayed at Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and 
in the Richmond campaign from the Rapidan 
to its close in June, 1865. — Culluiu. 

Schroeder, John Fri.;di.;rick, D. D. 
(Trill. Coll. 1836), clergyman and author, b. 
Baltimore, Apr. 8, 181)0; d. Brooklvn, N.Y., 
Feb. 26, 1857. N.J. Coll. 1819. He studied 
at the Epis. Theol. Scm. at New Haven ; was 
adin. to holy orders in 1823, and had charge of 
a parish on the Eastern Shore of Md. for a tew 
months. He was afterward assist, at Trinity 
Cluii'ch, N. Y., 14 years, and was a popular 
lireacher. He delivered a course of lectures on 
Oriental Lit. lieforc the N.Y. Athena;uin ; con- 
tributed a treatise on the Authenticity and 
Canonical Authorityof the Scriptures of the Old 
Testament, and a treatise on the Use of the 
Syriae Language, to a vol. of essays and dis- 
sertations on Biblical Literature edited by him- 
self; pub. a memorial volume on the death of 
Bishop llobart in 1830. In 18.39 he established 
St. Ann's Hall, at Flushing, L. I., for the 
education of young ladies. He was some time 
pastor of the Cliureh of the Crucifixion in 
N.Y., and St. Thomas's Church, Brooklyn, 
L.I. He pnb. in 1855 " Maxims of Wa-hing- 
ton. Political, Social, Moral, and Religious;" 
Memoir of Mrs. Mary Anna Boardmaii, &c., by 



lier son-in-law, 8vo, 1849. At the time of his 
death lie was engaged on " The Liiij and Times 
of Washington," a. serial work, 2 vols. of which 
were pnli. He lived to complete only 4 num- 
bers. — /hll/rf:iiiclc. 

Schureman, James, Revol. patriot ; d 
New Brunswick, N. J., Jan. 2.3, 1824, a. 67. 
Rutg. Coll. 1775. At the head of a vol. com- 
pany, he took part in the battle of Long Island ; 
was taken and imprisoned in the N.Y. Mi;;ar- 
house in the course of the war, and suffircd 
greatly from hunger, but, with a single com- 
panion, managed to escape, and joined the 
Amcr. army at Morristown. Delegate to t!ie 
Cont. Congress 1786-7; M.C. '89-91 and ''J7- 
9 ; in 1799-1801 was a U.S. senator, and suli- 
scqueiitly became mayor of the city of New 
Brunswick. He was again a representative in 
181.3-15. 

Schureman, John, J). D. (N. J. Coll 
1801), iiiiiiister of the Dutch Church, N.Y. 
City; <l. there 1818, a. 39. Rutg. Coll. 1795 
Prof, theol. in N. J. Theol. Seminary. 

Schurz (shoorts), Carl, orator and poli- 
tican, I). Liblar, near Cologne, Germany, Mar. 
2. 1829. He studied at the Gymnasium of 
Cologne and at the U. of Bonn ; engaged in 
the revol. outbreak in 1848; joined Uutifricd 
Kinkel in the pub. of a liberal newspaper; but, 
after an unsuccessful attem|it at insurrection at 
Bonn in the spring of 1849, both were obli:;ed 
to fly. As adjutant he participated in the de- 
fence of Rasiadt, and on its surrender made his 
way to Swiizeilund. He rescued Kinkel from 
the fortre.<s of Spandau on the night of Nov. 6, 
18.50; ero^.sed the frontier into Mecklenburg; 
thence went to Rostock, and took passage in a 
schooner for Leith. Schurz tlien went to 
Paris, where he was corresp. for German jour- 
nals till June, 1851, when he went to London, 
where he was a teacher till July, 1852. He 
then m., came to Phila., where he remained 3 
years, and then settled at Madison, Wis. In 
the presidential campaign of 1856 he became 
known as an orator in the German language; 
in 1858, wlien Mr. Douglas and -Mr. Lincoln 
were contesting the U.S. senalorship, he deliv- 
ered his first English sjieech, which was widely 
cireulated. He next established himself in tho 
praCi ice of law at Milwaukie, and engaged in a 
lecturing-tour in the winter of 1859-60. lu 
the Repnb. Nat. Conv. of 1860 he exercised 
great inlluenec, especially in determining that 
portion of the platform relating to citizens of 
foreign origin. During the canvass which fol- 
lowed, he spoke effectively thiongluuit the 
Noriheru Stales. After Mr. Lincoln's inaugu- 
ration he was app. minister to Spain. He re- 
turned to the U.S. in Dec. 1861 ; resigned his 
oflice as minister; became brig.-gen. of vols. 
April 15, 1862; inaj.-gen. Mar. 14, 1863; June 
17 he took com. of a division in the corps of 
Sicgel, with which he disting. himseli at the 
second baiile of Bull Run, but was routed by 
Jaek^on at the battle of Chancellorsville. He 
was temporarily in com. of the I lib corps at 
the battle of Gettysburg, July 1, 1863, where he 
was conspicuous, as also at Fiederieksburg. 
App. a eommiss. to examine and report on the 
condition of the Southern States, especially 
upon the Frecdmca'ti Bureau, bis report wat 



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807 



SCO 



I'.ii' w:',r. Al Nfoninoiilh, wli(rr<' liu wan tlio limt 
III li'.ii' iIju drill, liiMviiH |iiirti('iiliir!y ilHtiiiK. 
I I 17 .■> he wlilcil in Woodfiiid {'o.^Kv. ; (iH 
liii ,'.-;:(ii. cif Ky. li!vi('H wiin with St. Cdiir ut 
lii< il 'Iriit i:i I7UI ; fiim. in n niKri'KKliil ixjiiil. 
to llie Wiilcinli, iinil iJi ni!tiijnK»ltli ilit' Inilmiiit 
ill .M:iv nii'l Jiini', 1 7111 ; ami In 171)4 ckmi. a 
iKiriiii of Wiivnc'n nniiy ut iIk: li.itllc of J'ulli'n 
riiiilHTii. 'I'lie Kliirclowii III' riiMli;itiin Co. 
\v.\!i niiiicil lor lilin, iiImi ii coiiniy in Kv. 

Soott, <ii:iT Avin IIai.l, coiiiino. t'.H.N'., 
II. Vii. Jiiiir 1.1, IKI2. .\Ilil»lii|,inaii. Aiii;. 1, 
L'.JH; licul. J'VI). liTi, 1«4I; com. Dw. 27, 
llijj; ciipt. Nov. 4, lMO;i; roiniiiodori! IHli:). 
Coin. HU'iiiiKT " Ivfynlonf Stiiti'," hjkcIiiI wr- 
vi 'c, 18(11; dlcnni "i^iinljont " Maratnnzn," 
N..\.1J. (Miiiiid., IHi;2-.'l; HlciiiniT " IJu iSolo," 
1804; miiiin-iili)o|) " C'iiiiiindiii;jiifl," iilock.iilc 
wjii:id., IHC'j; Ht(!.iin-»!oo|i " Surunnc," I'ni'llic 
wjind., 180ft-7 ; ll-lithuii«; innp. 1868. — //am- 
rill!/. 

Soott, IIeniiy Lkk, niithor of "Military 
iJiiMionnry," 8vo, 1861, h. N. f. 1814. W.itt 
I'oint, IH.'i.'l. tSon-in-law and aiilo-ik'-cainii to 
<iin. Kroll ; lirev. lorK'illmiti'y iii 'I"; iMcMian 
w.ir; liunt.-cul. Mar. 7, ISiiS; and in p.-;,'cn. 
U.S.A., niid col. 14 May, 1801; rnind lor 
jiliv.sinil disal>i!itv 30 (X't. 1861; roi^jiic-d 31 
Oi't. 1 802. — ' 'ir/A-w. 

Soott, J'ln, an eminent inini^UT of llie So- 
ciify of I'lirndi!. Anllior of " 'I'liu Dapliim of 
Cliriit a <;o.ip<,-l Orilinanee," 1801 ; " M'ar In- 
l■llll^i't<■nt ivitli tlie Kxainple and i)oetriiie« of 
< ■Jirisl," 8vo, 1 804. — See " Journal of hU lAk, 
'I'mvel.t, iind LalioiH," VVilminj^ton, 1797. — 

Al/if>0in:. 

Scott, .foils, jurist ; d. Kiehmond, Va., 
Jan. 7, IH.')0, a. 68. MemlKT of tlie Va. senate 
im-l.'J; of the Slate Connt. (.'onv. in 182!) ; 
in IH.'JO-l Ik; wan ajip. judge of the 6th eirciiit 
nnd of the General Court. In the new «r),'ani- 
7.:ition of tliin limt eourt and the estahli-hinent 
of the nfieeia! Court of Apixal.H, Man h, 1848, 
h'j wa.H a]ip. one of the 5 in>'iiil><'rii of these two 
M>urls, and k> eontinued iinlil his death. 

Scott, -Joiix Mollis, liri(;.-j:cn. Revol. 
aniiy, I.. N. York 17.!0; d. Sept. 14, 1784. 
Yale, 1746. A descendant of the haronial 
family of Siott of Aneram, he wa.s an early it]f 
poneiit of Jlriiinh oppression. Jle ndo|.ted the 
lirofcssion of the law, and married Helena Hut- 
ger.i. With Win. I.ivin^'ston of N.J. iii.4 voice 
iinJ Mn lM.ildlv advocated extreme raea-tiires, 
and, Ix eauifc of^ his ultra Whig principles, the 
timid on;* defeated his chrciion to Congress in 
1774. lie was one of the ino.st active and influ- 
ential ineinljern of the gen. com. of N.Y. in 
177.5, nnil a member of the I'rov. C'on;.Te«» 
that year; June 'J, 1770, lie was made a hrig.- 
gen., which ollicc lie held till .March, 1777. He 
wan with lii.s liriirnde in the battle of lyong In- 
land ; from .March, 1 777, to 1 789, he was »ec. of 
tint State of .\. Y. ; and wa« a memlKT of Con- 
gress in 1780-'l. 

Scott, Jii.iA II. (KiiCXKY), b. Pa. 1809; 
d. 'I'owanda, I'a., 1842. Marrieil to David L. 
Kcott in 182.'). A coll. of her jiocmd, with a 
Memoir by Sarah C. Edgarton (.Vlrn. Mayo), 
was jjub. 184.3 ; a new e<l. by Mrs. C. M. Saw- 
yer, in 1854. — .See Giituvld'a FfmnlePoiii of 
A mi:r. 



Scott, Mahtin, lieut.-col. U.S.A., b. Ben- 
lilnx'lon, Vt. ; killed Sept. 8, IH47, al llje head 
ol his regt., in Imtlle of Kl Moliiio del Kiv. 
App. lieiit 20th Inf Apr. 1814 ; cimiI. .'iih In'f. 
Aug. 1828; brev. iiiiij. for baffles ol I'alo Alto 
nnd Kesacii de la I'alma, May 9, 1 840 ; niaj. AeIi 
Inf. June 29, 1840; com. li'is regt., and brev. 
lieut.-col. for the si'vrc conflicts at .Monterey, 
Mexico, Sept. 2.1, 1846. He was a famout 
mark Minn, and had seen much h ird M-rviee. 

Scott, IticilAiio, an early wtiler in If. I., 
I.. (;i<m-lord, .Sulloik, i;ng., 1007; d. I'rovl- 
dinee, K I., 1081-2. A lineal deseenrlant of 
John lialiol, founder of llaliol Coll., ().>;fonl. 
Came to llosfon in lO'M; m. Kaiharine .Mar- 
bury (sister of Mrs. Anne Iliilchin .on) ah. 
I0.')7 ; joined linger Wiriains mun after, and 
was a eo-propricior In his purchase of the In- 
dians, and one of the signers and the s:ip[«>s':d 
author of the eel<bral<d .covenant beiween 
themselves to !«; obedi< nt " to all such ord''r» 
and agrcemitnts an, shall \k made for tic public 
good o;//'/ in ciiiil t/.in'in." At first a H.-iptist, 
he in lO.'i? Ijecame a Quaker ; and his wile nnd 
daughters were whipjs'd and imprisoned in 
Hostoii lor Qiiakeri in. lie was a coininiss. to 
settle tlieeontiov( rsy with Ms. in regard to the 
jurisdiction of .Hhawoniei in I64.'i ; and was a 
dep. to the Assembly in 1006. He left numer- 
ous ileseeniliillts. 

Scott, liollKIiT KiNOHTOS.gOV. S.C. I 868- 

71. I.. AriiislioiigCo., I'a., 8 July, 1820. .\I.U. 
of Hiarling Med. Coll., O. Son 'of a soldier of 
the war of 1812, grandson of a s<jldier of the 
Ilevol. Kcliled in niaeficc in Henrv Co., O. 
Lieut.-col. 68tli O. Vo's. Oct, 1861; col, 5 July, 
ISOSi; at capture of I'ort Donelson, bailie lif 
Shiloh, and sicye of C'orinih ; com. br'L'ade at 
Haichie Uiver, I'cnii., under Oen. Hurlliut ; 
com. advance of lytjgau's div. on the march 
into Mpi.; cnga;.'ed at Port (jib.son, liayniond, 
Jackson, nnd (,'liuiiipion Hills ; com. 2d bri- 
gade, ad div. 17tli corps, until July, 186.5; was 
made prisoner near Ailania ; cxehang'd 24 
Sept. 1864; and was in Sherman's operations 
before Allaiila, and in the " marh to the sea ; " 
aiisist. coniinis. Imreau of H.F., .S.C, 1 80.5-8. 

Scott, Tiio.MAS, juil;.'e, b. Md. 1772; d. 
Chi lieotlie,(J., Feb. 1.5, 1856. Meih.-Fpi-. min- 
ister 17>'9-90; ill 1798 sindied law. and settled 
in Chillieotlie ; sec. of the con.v. that framed 
the const, of Ohio in 1802, and of ihe Slate 
senate 180.'J-9; judge Sup. (.'ourt 1809-10; 
and chief justice 1810-15. — A. 'J'. Gnoilmnn 

Scott, 'I'llOJIAH I- IKI.DINO, D.I)., I'rot.- 
Kpi-. missionary, bishop of (Jicgon and Wash- 
ingiori, coiisee. al Savannah, (ia., Jan. 8, 18.54 ; 
b. 1805 ; d. N.Y. f.'ily, July 14, 1867. Many 
years a clergyman in Georgia. 

Scott, William A.sdkiiso!*, D.U., b. Tenn. 
Cumberland U , Kv., 18.').'t. Formerly editor 
of the A'. Orlinnn I'miliiUrlnn, and pastor of 
Calvary Church, Siin I'liincisco ; w;is in 180.3 
installol over the 42d I'resli. Church. Ncvv-Vork 
Cilv. Author of "l)aniel a .Model for Young 
Men," 8vo, 1854; " Aeliiin in Kl Dorado," 
1855 ; " Trade anil I.A'tters," 1856 ; " Tli- Giant 
Jud;;e," 1858; "'Ihe Cliureh in the .\rmv," 
1862 ; "The Christ ol the A|>osile»' Creiil,"&c., 
8vo, 1867 ; also a number of addresses, jiapcn 
in periodicals, &c. — Aiii>tont. 



SCO 



se:.a. 



E2Ctt, WiNFiELD. licut.-gcn. U.S.A., b. 
1*. t- i..biit;t, Va., June 1.1, 1786; d West Point, 
N.Y., May 29, 1S6G. \Vm nml M. Coll. 1804. 
Lett nil urphnti iu his hoyliood, he ^tlKlied law, 
mid n'.i« iidin. lo the liar in 1806. A|>p. capt. 
iif nrr. .Mmv .■}, 1808 ; liiul.-col. 2d An. Julv 6, 
1S12 ; aclj.'.-eii. (ranli nf col.) .Maich 18, IS'l.T; 
c-ol. 2d Art. .Marcli 12. 151.3 ; liii^r-jicii. March 
9, 1814 ; mnj.jicn. and (leii. in chief of the ar- 
my. June 25, 1841; hrcv. licut.-Kcn. Feb. 28, 
18.'jj'. Urilcrcil lo the Canada frontier in July, 
1812, he was made prisoner. Oct. 13, at Queens- 
town IIeii:lits ; cxclian;^d in the early part 
of 1313 ; joined the army of Gen. Dcarliorn in 
March, 1813; com. ilie adianec In the attack 
on Fort (li oi<;c. May 2", and was severely in- 
jured liy the c.\plo-iiin i.f n ma;.'azine at its 
snircnder. Crossin;; the Niaijara Uivcr, July 3, 
1814, on tlie 5ih he defeated (lie British at 
Chippewa ; on llic 25th was fought the battle 
of Lnndy's Lane, near Niagara Falls, in which 
Seolt hail 2 horses killed under him, and re- 
ceived two severe wounds, one of which left his 
arm paiiially di^aliled. These Iwo cnjfn;^ 
nieiits, fou;:lit with the best British troops, 
esiaMishcd llic pre>tige of our arms. For these 
bri!lia:ii services he was awarded by Congress 
a gold medal, Nov. 3, 1814, and was ufl'ercd, 
hnt dtcliiicd, the secretaryship of war. Visiting 
Kuropc ill a military anil diplnniatic c.ipacily, 
lie enjoyed in France the C0llvcr^c and asso- 
li.ition of the leadiiiu' captains of Na|ioleon. 
iJuriiig ihc iiullilicalion troubles in 18.32, ho 
was scni to Charleston on a cunfidential mis- 
flon, which was conijdetely successful. His 
rrudencc and di-ereiion were eminently >hown 
in procuring the removal of the Clierokecs 
from Gj. in 1838, in the Canadian reliellion 
of 1837-9, and in the boundary dispiite lietwccn 
Me. ami N. Brunswick in 18.'i9. The annexa- 
tion of Texas having resulted in war with 
Mexico, March 9, 1847, Scott landed with 12,- 
000 men at Vera Cruz, iuvc-sted the city and 
the castle of Si. Juan d't'llo-t, both which ca- 
piialaled on the 2uili ; taking up the march 
towait] the capiuil, he gained snccessivcly the 
battles of Ccrro Gor.lo (April 18), Contrcras, 
Snn Antonio, and Churubuseo (Aug. 19 anil 
20), Molino del Rev (Sept. 8), Chapiiltcpcc 
(Sept. 13), and captured the city of Mexico 
(Sept. 14). In these engagements, the Mexi- 
cans, though greatly superior in numbers, and 
having every advantage of )io>itioii, were sig- 
nally defeated. In 1 852 he was the unsuccessful 
nominee of the Whig party for the presidency. 
On the breaking-ont of the civil war, he nrgcd 
wise precautious to pR-vent the armed with- 
drawal of the 1 1 seceding States from the Union, 
Bccureil the safe inaug. of Frcs. Lincoln, the 
defence of the national capital, the organization 
of the Union army, and its establishment upon 
the sinitegeiic points of the country. He re- 
tired from active terviee, Nov. 1, 1861, visited 
r.urope ill Nov , and devoted his later days to 
the pre; anilion of his " Aatidiiography," 2 
vols. 8vo. 1864. Also author of "(ieiieralHeg- 
iilaiiiins lor the Armv," 1825; and "Infantry 
Tariie-." 1835. 

ScottOW, Capt. Josiica. merchant and 
autliur. of IJoston, b. Kng. 1615; d. Boston, 
20 Jan. \6'J9. Uc came to Boston in 1634 



with bis mother, a widow, and a bio. Thomas. 
Two of his daughters m. Thomas Savage and 
Samuel Cheokley. His son Thomas grad. 
(H.U.) in 1677. He pnh. in 1691 "Old Men's 
Fears ; " in 1694 " A Narrative of the Plant- 
ing of the Ms. Colony," &c. He was a capt. 
of militia, confidential agent of L.i Tour in 
transacts, wiih the colonial govt. 1054-7. 

Scranton, Gkoiige W., manuficturer, b. 
Madison, Ct.. Mav 23, 1811; d. Scranton, 
Luzerne Co , Pa., Mar. 24, 1861. Removing 
loN. J., and then to Pa., he engaged in his 
business of iron manuf. in the heart of the coal 
and iron region, where a large town has grown 
up which per|x'tuates his name. M.C. from 
18.'S till his death. 

Screven, (Jes. James ; d. of wounds re- 
ceived ill a skirmish at Midway, Ga., N<iv. 24, 
1778. Descended from William, a Baptist 
minister, who d tJeorgetown, S.C., 1713, a. 84. 
He early engaged in the cflusc of lilierty, and 
in 1774 was one of the com. which drew up 
articles of assCK-iaiion for its defence in Ga. 
A brig.-gcn., commandingtbe Ga. militia when 
that Stale was invaded from E Fla., he had 
repeated skinnishes with them lietwccn Sun- 
bury and Savannah, in one of which he fell. 
Congress ordered the erection of a monument 
to bis memory. 

Scudder, Horace Kli^iia, b. Boston, 
1838. Wms. Coll. 1858. Author of " Seven 
Little People and their Friends," 1 862; "Oream- 
Children," 1863 ; " Life and Leliers of I). C. 
Scudder, Missionary," &c., 8vo, 1 864 ; '' Stories 
from my Attic," 1869. Editor of ftitrrside 
J/(i'/., and contrib. to Atlantic Mvntlily, NA. 
liennr. SiC — Allllniie. 

Scudder, Jons, M.n. (Coll. of Phys.and 
S. 1815). inissiouarv, b. N. Brunswick. N. J , 
Sept. 3, 1793; d. Wvnberg, Cape of Good 
IIo|>c, Jan. 13, 1855.' N.J! Coll. 1811. He 
studied inediciiie. and settled in N.Y., where ho 
had previously been house-surgeon of the city 
hospital Giving up an extensive practice, he 
ofieied himscK as a missionary to the Aiucr. 
Board; studied theology ; and in 18l9wasoid. 
as a minister of the IJ. R. Chinch. For 19 
years he lalmnd in Ceylon, where he also eon- 
ducted a large hospital, and attained n high 
reputation as a surgeon and ])hy>ician, also 
superintending a numlicr of s<'h<<oU. He was 
transferred lo the Madras mission in 1839; 
revisited Amer. in 1842-6 ; but, visiting the 
Cape ol Good Hope on account of his healih. 
ill 1854, died there. He pub. " ThcRedttiner's 
Last Command," " The Harvest Perishing," 
" Knocking at the Door," " Letters to Children 
on Mis-ionary Subjects," " I.*itcr< from the 
East." 18.33 : '" Letters to Pious Voung .Men," 
8vo, 1846, &c. His children, 8 sons and 2 
daughters, alldcvoleil ihemselvcs tomissionarv 
h.bors — .See Memoir by Rtv. J. D. fViilerhmy, 
12ni... 

Scudder, Col. Nathaniel, long a mem- 
ber of the N. J. As'cmblv; niemlicrof the Old 
Cnngiess 1 7T7-9 ; killcif in n skirinish with an 
invnding-parlv of ihc enemv at Shre'Ksbury, 
N. J., 0,t. 15, 1781. N.J. Coll. 1751. 

Seabrook, Wiiiti:mai:sii Besjamis, 
pov. of S.C. 1848-50; d. St. Luke's Parish, 
S.C, Apr. 16, 1855, a. ab. 60. N.J. Coll. 



SEA. 



809 



1812. He hml been a member of the State 
gennte, iiiiii pres. of the Stiite Ai;rie. Society. 

Seabury, Sa.muel, d.d. (oxf. u. i::':), 

tirit I'lot.-Epi!^. bishop of the U.S., b. Groton, 
Ct., Nov. .30, 1729; d. Feb. 25, 1796. Y.C. 
1 748. Son of a Cong, minister of Groton. 
In 17.') I he went to Scotland to stndy medicine, 
but turned his attention to tlieoloi^y, and in 
1 7'>!i was ord. in Lond. He returned to Amer. ; 
was settled at N. Bninswick, N. J. ; at Jamaica, 
L.I., 1756-66; and at Westchester until the 
coinmcneemcnt of hostilities, when he went to 
N.Y. ; and atone time waschaplain of the liin^j's 
Amer. rcfjt., al.-o practising medicine. Being 
tlie supposed author of some Tory pamphlets, 
he was in 1775 seized by a party of soldiers, 
carried to N. Haven, and imprisoned. As the 
fact of authorship could not be proved, he was 
suffered to return to Westchester, where he 
continued to e.\ert himself in behalf of the same 
o|>inions. He made a voyage to Eng. in March, 
1784, to obtain consecration as bishop of Ct. 
Mceiing with obstacles to his wishes from the 
Kngli.-^h jjrclates, he was consecrated by three 
bishops of the Scottish Epis. Church, Nov. 14, 
1784, and subsequently fultilled the duties of 
hi< pastoral office at New London till his death. 
He took part in revising the Prayer-Boole, and 
framing the const, of the church, which was 
adopted in 1789. He pub. in 1791 two vols, 
of sermons, to which a su|)pt. was added in 
1798 ; also two religious tracts. 

Seabury, Samukl, D.D., clergyman, 
grandson of the preceding, b. June 9, 1801. 
Urd. deacon, Apr. 12, 1826; priest, July 7, 
1828. Originally a school-teacher. He was 
for a time missionary to Huntington and 
Oyster Bay, L.I. ; removed to Hallctt's Cove 
(now Astoria), where he foumled St. George's 
Church ; became a teacher in the Flushing Inst, 
in 1830; and in 18;i4 removed to N.Y. to take 
charge of the ('hiuchman, newspaper. This 
journal attained great influence in the Epis. 
Church, especially in the discussion respecting 
the Oxibrd tracts and kindred matters. In 
1849 he became rector of the Church of the 
Aimunciation in N.Y. In 1863 he succeeded 
Dr. Turner as prof, of biblical learning in the 
Epis. Theol. Sem., N.Y. He has pub. " The 
Continuitv of the Church of Eng. in the 16th 
Century,"" N.Y. 18.")3, 8vo ; "Amer. Slavery 
Justilied," 1861, and other works, beside a 
nuTnlicr of occas. sermons and addresses. — 
U.nirlh'l-. 

Sealsfield, Charles, novelist, b. 1797; 
d. Solothum, SwitZArland, 26 May, 1864. He 
resided in Amer. until 1844, when he went to 
Switzerland. Most of his works were origi- 
nally written in German. One of the most im- 
portant of them, " Tokeah, or the White Rose," 
aim. first in English at Phila. in 1828. Ilis 
"Trans-Atlantic Travelling Sketches," " Pic- 
ture s of Life in Imih Hemispheres," and "South 
and North," are of striking merit ; while his 
great Mexican novel, "The Viceroy and the 
Arisloiracy," is said to be the most powerful 
and original of his works. About IS'TO he was 
connected with the ])rcss of Lond, and Paris. 

Seaman, Valentine, M.I). (U. of Phila. 
1792), phvsician, b. N. Hempstead, L.I., 2 Apr. 
1 770 ; d. "N.Y. City, July 3, 1817. Descended 



from Capt. John S., who settled at Hempstead 
about 1660. Studied medicine with Dr. N. 
Romayne ; a surgeon of the N.Y. Hospital 
from 1796 to his d. Conspicuous in the introd. 
of vaccination in N.Y. He pub. "Inaug. Dis- 
course on Opium," Phila. 1792 ; " Waters of 
Saratoga," 1793; " Midwife's Monitor," 1800; 
"On Vaccination," 1816; papers in Med. 
Repos., &c., 1800; and a pharmacopceia. — See 
iVillhms's Med. Dio-j. ; Thompsun's L.I., Ap- 
pendix. 

Searle, George W., scholar, legist, and 
member of the Boston bar (adni. 1847), b. Sa- 
lem, Ms., 22 Feb. 1 826. Besides a successful law- 
practice, he has devoted much time to litera- 
ture, and has been for many years law-critic of 
the Boston Post, attaining in this department 
of letters a deservedly high reputation. He has 
prepared treatises "Of the Habeas Corijus; " 
" Extraord. Remedies, — Error, Certiorari, Pro- 
hibition, Mandamus, Quo Warranto," &c.; 
"Legal Principles, their Exceptions and Lim- 
itations ; " on " Patents ; " and " Hints on the 
Art of Advocacy," a subject of which he has 
made especial study. Among his numerous 
contribs. to periodicals are " The Penal System 
of Ms.," " Relations of Insanity to Crime," 
and "Chief Justice Taney" (Dec. 1864) and 
"Edward Everett" (Jan. 1865), Xat. Qmrt. 
Rev., "Bench and Bar of the U.S. Snp. Court 
in 185.3-4" {Phiki. Law Rig.), and on "Rich- 
ard Fletcher at the Bar" [Amer. Late Rnv.). 
Through the medium of the press and the plat- 
form Mr. Searle has sought to elevate labor, 
and to improve the condition of the toiling 
and also of the outcast classes of society. He 
has also lectured upon a variety of other topics, 
and has delivered speeches and addresses upon 
festive and other public occasions, mostly dis- 
cussing social and practical qivstions. 

Searle, James, Revol. patriot and mer- 
chant, b. N.Y. City ab. 1730; d. Phila. Aug. 
7, 1797. A merchant in the house of his bro. 
in Madeira; he settled in Phila. about 1763; 
signed the non-importation agreement of Oct. 
25, 1765 ; was one of the managers of the U.S. 
Lottery from Nov. 20, 1776, to Aug. 19, 1778, 
when he was for a short time a member of the 
navy I poard ; from Nov. 1 778 to July, 1 780, was 
a di'legate to Congress, where he was chairman 
of the commercial committee, and on thi: com- 
mittees of foreign all'airs and of the marine ; in 
Sept. 1780 he was sent to Europe to negotiate 
a State loan to Pa., Iiut ri'turned in June, 1782, 
unsuccesslul. — Simpson. 

Sears, Bahnas, D.d. (H.U. 1841), LL.D. 
(Y.C. 1862), clergyman and scholar, b. Sandis- 
ficld, Ms., Nov. 19, 1802. Brown U. 1825. He 
finished a course of theol. stuily at Newton in 
1829 ; was 2 years pastor of the First Baptist 
Church in Hartford ; and was app. prof, in the 
Hamilton Lit. and Theol. Inst., now Madison 
U., N.Y. He went to Europe in 1«.33, and 
studied for several years at Halle, Leipsic, and 
Berlin. On his return, he was app. a prof, in 
the Newton Theol. Sem., where he remained 
12 years, the latter part of the time a.s prcs. ; 
in 1848 he succeeded Horace M.vnn as si-c. of 
the Ms. Board of Educ.ition; from Aug. 21, 
1855, to Feb. 1867, he was pres. of BrouTi U. ; 
since then gen. agent of the Peabudy Educ. 



SELA. 



810 



SSU3 



FunJ. IVk ruV". srv. a nrw niition o( Xoh- 
ivir»"iir. .1 Laii^-uat^r," 

1»42; "l •* l'kvr«ni«, 

ar the l*n. .iiinLiuia," 

1544; "M. 1.1, 11 >.i rx .. 1. ..I ..nvK" Urao, 
Isir; ■• Ijk- oI Luthor," leOO, siiux- ivpiib- 
lirbitl in Kiv. with (liv till'- " Tbo Mental luid 
S|unlual lli>tor_v of Lullwv," l>50; nnnh.<iua$ 
ivport* on cilucaiion, orjw. adJr\->'^*, anJ ixin- 
tru«. to r^vuwj and u.Ikt ivrio.lioals. and to 
Ap|)K'ion'ii "Am-r i ,,'.,.■ ' lu lv;~ and for 
Sevi-r&l years Ui ri,H\ 

and li.is Uttorlj ^ •■■ni. 

lu l$64 be (Mill. :\ j>!eliou 

of the ti^^t e n.urv o: V.i.^ t-'olUve. 

Sears, Kbv. Kuxind Hamilton, Unita- 
rutu oil r.-v iiiou and |<oet, U SondLstield, Ms., 
ISIO. 111. Coll. 1*34: U. I". Theol. S;hool, 
1837. Pastor of the Kirst Churvh. Wayland. 
Mk, It^<>-40: al LaiK-a?ti<r. M>., livtO-T; and 
sincv l!-6i at Witiion, Ms. Ut> ha9 rtiit«l, with 
Kev. K. lulli--, the MiiilfJy /,'«>.;h»« .»/.►/•. BvW- 
ton; and baa |>ul>.. bosidi-s hxiuus, " Kt'^uera- 
liou." t^vo ; •' Pictuivs of tW Olden Time," 
1S47; '°A;hana.<i.k, or For>-i;li>aius of Iiuiuor- 
tality," IS5S; "Christian Lvries," IS60. 

Se&rs, Cai-t. I».kjkv', a )'.-<triutic nierehant 
of N.Y., I.. .\or«iilk, Ct., 1729; d. Canton, 
China. 2S IVt. 17S6. His aiKV-tor liiehanl, 
o( Colehi-^ter, En^., caine to Plymouth in 
1630. l:x 17iS-61 he com. a prirativr. and 
cmiMtl a,^n$t the Ftviieh, but k»t liis (■eau*'! 
hv sliipttTovk in 1761. Ue then enipi^^vnl in the 
£nru{van and W. India tiade; Imi, aitit the 
pas&a:,v of the Stamp Act, was the l'or\ tuost of 
the Sons of Liberty in X. Y. City, and was 
active during tlK- war. Memlier of the N.Y. 
Piv>v. Coiiirttss, and of the .Vsivmblv in 1783. 

Sears, KouKBT, h. St. John. N feninswiek, 
June 2-i, ISIO. IXiscxuikxi from Kiehitnl of 
Plnnouih. UeiBoved to X.Y. City. Compiler 
of pictorial works, whieh havv haii a lar^- sale, 
— "Illusiraiionsof tlie Bible," s vols. : "Fami- 
ly Bihie." 4to ; " llistorv of China :uid India ; " 
"Wars of the I'. S. ;^' "IX^-ription of the 
U.S.;" " Tr««siiry of Knowlc«ljn? ; ' " llBt. 
of ihi- Bible; " " si.-rtH'S and Skciehes of Con- 
tincutal Kurvipe ; " " IK-si-riptioQ of Gnut Brit- 
ain ana Ireland ; " " lafonnatiou tor tho Pi-o- 
ple ; '■ " FaiuUv Instructor ; " " Hision- of the 
Amer. Revolution ; " " Sunday Book : ' " Bi- 
Me Bio.;ra|'hv ; " " Wonders ot the World ; " 
" Ciuid- to Knowledj:* ; " I)v»i ripiioD of the 
Kus>iaii Kuipire," ic. — A'.iSmr. 

So it'll, \\iiiiui Wi.vsioN, journalist, 
b to, V«., Jan. 11, 1785; d. 

W . June 16, 1866. Of Scotch 

di- ' mother, a Winston, was a 

cviu»u; ^1 i'.i;:.ik Henry. Uc was educatoil at 
U);ilv>e s Arad. in Kichmond. lie eni;ai:ed in 
pohii' > .11 I s \\;i, as>i>l. editor ol a Uichinond 
I>ai- i:lv bad eliarse of the Prltrs- 

ft. 11 soon purvhasrvi the .V.C. 

J<- .i\ ; wheni-e he remove*) to 

Kalei^li. ,i>i.^ !»\T<ine coniircti>l with the Kniii- 
ter, — an iutluential journal e\litt\i by J^»eph 
liales. whose dau. he sii'i.,-vi -itS- married. 
In 181J bo ren>or»-d to V. i .1 be- 

came partner with hi^ bn' i .ales, 

jun.. Ill kjundini; the .N . t. of 

irhich, atier llie dcattli o( ;>ir. iji .> lu JuIt, 



1860. Mr. Seaton wa» aol* editor. Their 
" ReuisU-r ol Debate*." Ir\>m I8S4 to 1837. i» a 
stan.Urvl sourvv ol American history; and the 
li>triii.x>mr, in ability, candor, fairness, and 
courtesy, was cxinspicnoiis anione .\nieriean 
news(>a|.ers. For \1 vear* (IS4ik-5ll. Mr. S. 
was eieetol mayor ol Wusbiii;;ioii Cin il. & 
S pub, ■• Annals of Coiiprev., IKliatrs and l'rv>- 
ceedings in that UihIv from M.Hr '.I. 1T»8. to 
May 27. 1824." 42 xo'ls. 8vo. Ui» Life, prep, 
by his dau., was pub. iu Boston in 1871, I vol. 
12mo. 

Seawell, Wa»hixotox. brer, hrie.-pen. 
r S .\.. b. Va. West IVint, 1825. Entering 
the 7th Inf., he became capt. 31 July, 1836; 
bnpT. major for meritorious services in war 
apainsi the Florida Indians. Juir 18, 1841 ; 
was engaj^.-vl in the defeiKe of Fl llrown, Tex- 
as, Maya-','. 1846; major 2d lul Mar. 3, 1847; 
lieut. -ci.il. 8ih Inf. Febl M, 1832 ; col. 6lh Inf. 
l.>et. 17. I860: retiivil Feb. 20, 1862; bcvv. 
br.; ■c>n. 1-t .Mar. 1865. 

Seocsomb, Jou>', clergyman and poet, b. 
Mcitonl, .Ms.. April 25. KiVJ; d. Cbt-stcr, 
Nova Sv-otia, Jan. 1793 H.l' 1728. Mmi.*- 
terof Harvard. Ms., from l>et. 10, 1733, to Sept 
I7j7. andof Chester from 1763 to bis deiiih. 
lie pub. an onlination-sermon in Nova S<-otia 
1770, and .a discourse on the di-atli of the wile 
of (iov. Belcher 1771. His huiiiorons poem, 
entitled " Father Abhi-y"s Will." was j.ub. 
lx>th in the (i'fx(/rai<i<i'.< and A'uniy»ii>i .l/iiw- 
loKS in May, 1782 ; it was nprinii-d in the Ms. 
J/uy. Nov, "l794 ; and in 1854 bv J. L. Sibley, 
nitii hist, and biop. notes. 

Seddon, Jaiie« a., lawyer and politician 
of Va. Adopte^l the prvifession of law, and 
representeil the Richmond dist. in Congress in 
1S45-7 ami I849-.M ; was a iiKmlvr of the 
Peace Congress, Feb. 4, 1861 ; was ek-cieJ a 
dek-jrate to the Confed. Congress, July 20. 1 861 ; 
and made sec. of war on the resignation of ll. 
W. Randolph. Nov. 18, 1862. He resides in 
GvHv blrind Countv. 

Sedgwick, Catharine Maria, authoi^ 
e». ilan. of Judge Theodore, b. Stockbridte, 
Ms..28l>ec. 1789; d. then- July 31, 1867. Af- 
ter the death of her fatliei'. in 1*13 she supers 
intenilcl the ciliicatioii of ;' ' ' ■ -< of 
sume of her intimate friend> \- 

neil to do lor .W vcars wit -<. 

Her tir>t story. " t"he New-l.ii. ..,,» ,i[>- 

{•eaivd anonymously in 1822. In 1?24 she 
pub. " Rolwmvl. ■ repub. in Eng., and trans- 
late^! into French. Italian, and Swedish; in 
1828 " Hope Ix-slic," one of the Most )>opnUr 
of American novels; in 18,t0 " Clarence, or » 
Tale of our Itwn Times ; " in 1832 " Le lUa- 
«u : " in 1835 " The Linwooils," a romance 
of the Hevol . and also a collection of short 
tales ; and in the hillowing 3 vears ■• The Poor 
KK-h Man and the Rii-h Poor Man," " Live 
and Let Live," " Means and End>." " Home," 
and •■ Love- Token for Children." In 1837 
her Memoir of Lucreti.i I'avidon ap|ieared in 
S|>4«rk>'s " Amer. Biog." In 1841, on rriurning 
Irvm a Euro|<ean visit, ^^p i'"'- •' I.etters from 
.\broad;"in 1845 ^' .and Oth- 

er Tales; " next • M .rs;"and 

in 18,^7 her latest n>.> Single • '* 

in 1 858 she pub. the i,..e e: jo>eph Curtil 



SKD 



811 



SKD 



of New York; "Hist. Kkulchcs of llic OM 
l'uimc-i«," 1841 ; " Letters to My I'upilH," 18(12. 
Shu wrote incnli for the iiiii;;iuiiieH. A selec- 
tion of her works wa» pub. in 3 vols, in 18+9 
and in l><b6, — Memoir bi/ Man/ E. Uewey, 
l^ino, 1H71. 

Sedgwick, IIknky Dhioiit, member of 
the N' w-Vork bur, bon of Theodore, b. Shef- 
Held, .\K., .Sept. 22, 178.') ; d. Stoekbrid{,'e, 
IXc. 21, 1831. Wms. Coll. 1804. He pub. 
Aj)pciil lo tlio City of New York on the I'ro- 
posed Allcriition of it.s Charter; lin^li.^h Prac- 
tice, &c., of the Common Law, 8vo, 1822; 
Kefiilaliiin of the Kensona, &c,, in the Award 
in the Case of the two (;reek l'"ri;,'ate(i, 1826. 
C'ontrii). to .V. A. Itnview, and articles on poli- 
ties and religion in the journals of the day. — 
AlUhniw. 

Sedgwick, Jons, mnj.-gcn. US. Vols., h. 
CorMwall, Ct., Sept. 1.3, 1813! Killed at Spot^ 
Bvlvani:!, M._\ y, 1864. West Point, 1837. Ln- 
tering the 2d Art., he became Ist licnt. in 18.39; 
brev. capt. for gallantry at C'unlreras and 
Ctiurnbnseo, where he com. his company ; waB 
hi(;lily distint;. for his coixlnct in the battles of 
Molino del Key and Chapuliepec, and the at' 
tack on the San Cosme Gate, lor which he was 
brev. major; capt. 26 Jan. 1849; major 1st 
Cav. SMar. 1855; col. Apr. 2."), 1861; briL'.- 
cen. vols. Anjj. 31, 1861 ; and mnj.-(;en. vols. 
Slay 31, 1862; enpi;^cd in the Florida war in 
18.37-8; in tile Cheyenne cxpcd. 1857; in the 
Utah cxped. 1857-8, and in the Kiowa and 
Conninche exj/cd. 1860; assigned the com. on 
the U|>per Potomac ; in P"eb. 1862, and durinjf 
the Cliiek.ihominy eampaij^n, led a division in 
Sumner's army corps; j;reatly disiiny. himself 
at Fair Oaks, and wounded at Glendale. At 
the battle of Aiitietani he was seriously 
wounded, and on bis recovery in Dec. was as- 
signed to com. the 9th (late iiurnside's) army 
corps. Feb. 5, 1863, he took com. of the sixth 
corps; at its licud he carried the heights near 
Fredericksbnr<; in the Chaiieellorsvillc cam- 
paign. May, 1863; com. the left wing during 
the Gettysburg campaign, where he was of 
great service. At the passage of the liapidan, 
Kov. 7, 1863, he captured a whole fouled, divis- 
ion, and was thanked in a General (Jriler. He 
com. his corps in the battles of the Wdderness 
during the hardest of the fighting, and, while 
placing some artillery in position, was struck 
bv a Bharpshooter's bullet, and instantly killed, 
lie was one of the oldest, ablest, and bravcBt of 
the soldiers of the Army of the Potomac. His 
bimplicitv and honest manliness endeared him 
to all. IJrev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. May 31, 1862. 

Sedgwick, Gkn. Koheut, b. Eng. ; d. 
Jamaica, Min 24, 1656. He had l)ccn a mem- 
ber ol the Artillery Co. in London ; was one of 
the first settlers of Charlestown, Ms., in 1635 ; 
and was an enterprising merchant. He was 
many years a di'p. from Charlestown to the Gen. 
Court ; was one of the founders of the A. and 
H. Art. Co. in 1638, its capt. 1640; com. the 
Castle in 1641 , and the Middlesex regt. in 1643 ; 
and was in 1652 promoted to the highest mili- 
tary rank in the Colony. H<! was as.^oeialed 
with John Winthrop, jun., in thcestablishment 
of the first furnace and ironworks in this coun- 
try in 1643-4. Ue went to Kog., aod wan em- 



ployed by Cromwell to cxpei ihe Froneb from 
I'enobseot in 1654; was engUL'eil in the great 
cxped. again>t the Spanish \V. Indies when 
Jamaica was taken, nnd, just before his death, 
was advanced to the rank of maj.-gen. by the 
Protector. 

Sedgwick, Tiikoi>oiik, LL.D. (X.J. Coll 
I7'J9), judge, b. Hartford, Ct., Mav, 1746; d. 
Bostrai, Jan. 24, 1^13. Y. C. 1705. His fa- 
ther llenjumin, merchant, a descendant of Gen. 
Uobert, d. when he was 13 years of age. Hav- 
ing been rusticated for a boyish misdemeanor, 
he left college without finishing his course. 
Abandoning the study of divinity for the law, 
he was in April, 1766, adin. to tlic bar; pruc- 
tised in Great IJarringlon, and afterwards 
in Sheiheld. He enga;:ed with ardwr in the 
I{evol "truggle ; in 1776 served as aide to Gen. 
Thomas in the ex]ied. to Canada; and snbse- 
qiiently exerted liiinself to procure suppUe.* f(jr 
the army. He represcnteil Shellield .several 
times in the Ms. legisl. before and after the 
Kevol. ; was a memlier of the Cont. Congress 
in 1785 and '6, and in 1788-97 of the Fed- 
eral Congress. His exertions in putting down 
Shays's Itebellion were of the greatest im- 
{lortancc. In 1788 he was a representative of 
Stockbridgc in the State conv. that adopted 
the Federal Const., of which lie was a principal 
advocate ; he was speaker of the house in the 
same year ; and a ineiiibcr of the U.S. senate 
from i796 to March, 1799, acting as pres. /)/o 
tmi. in 1797 ; in 1799 lie was again speaker of 
the house; ami I'rom 1802 to his d. was judge 
of the Sujircme Court of >Ls. Ue was one of 
the counsel, who, soon aftcrthe adoption of the 
Const, of Ms., ijroeurcd a decision by which 
such a construction was given to that instrn- 
raent a,s to abolish slavery in the State. He 
wiLS an active member of the old Federal party, 
and an intimate uss<x:iate of Hamilton, Jay, 
Hutledgc, .\ines. King, nnd its other lenders. 
ilenilier Aniir. Acad, of Arts and Sciences. 

Sedgwick, Tiii>odork, lawyer and pub- 
licist, ehlest son of the ]>reccding, b. Shefliekl, 
Ms.. Dec. 31, 1780; d. Pittsfield, Nov. 7, 1839. 
Y. C. 1T98. He studied law with his father; 
wa^ udm. to the bar in 1801 ; nnd practised at 
Albany, but, from declining health, fie retired 
in 1822 to Stoekbriilge, the family residence. 
He was a member of the State legisl. in 1824, 
'25, and '27, and a |)roiniuent niemU'r of the 
Deinoc. party; was a ready and efiietivc s])eak- 
er, and enjoyed a successful practice, as well as 
a high |«)sition at the bar. In 1827 he intro- 
duced into the State legisl. a project of a rail- 
road across the mountains from Boston to 
Albany, which was tlieii derided as visionary, 
hut which he succeeded in finally carrying 
through. He was devoted to the causes of free 
trade, femfierance, anil antislavery. He pub. 
"Hints to my Countrymen," 1820; "Public 
and I'rivate Economy," 1836; and addresses to 
the Berkshire Agric.'Soc., of which he was ores. 
in lS23and'30. Hcin.agr.-ilau.of Gov. Win. 
Livingston, author of some works of fiction, 
whod. 1867. 

Sedgwick, Theodore, son of the pre 
ceding, lawver nnd author, b. Albany, .Jan. 27, 
181 1 ; d. Stockbridge, Ms., Dec, 8, 1859. Col. 
Coll. 1829. Adm. to the bar in May, 1833; 



ssx* 



812 



8£:m: 



be passed the next I J monthsi in Enropo, chief- 
ly in I'nris, whorp ho was altaohiti to the le<:a- 
tion of KdvvarJ Livingston. On his rxtiim, he 
praelistil law in N. York with ^'R-at snccess 
till ill-health comnelled him, ab. IS5U, to sus- 
pend his labors. 1 rvs. Buchanan temlercd him 
the mi.-sion to the Ha;:ue in 1857; and the 
othce of assist, sec of state was twiiv oftired 
him, hut declined. In .Ian. ISSS be receivi>l an 
unsoiioiled app. ns U.S. atty. for the sonibern 
dist. of X. Y., which he held' till his dwith. In 
1833 he jinb. a Life of his uiatemiU ^rcal-jrrand- 
fathcr, \Vm. Livinj^ton ; " What is Monoi>o- 
\y > " 18;55; "Annexation of Texas," 1S44; 
■'The American Ciiiien." a discourse, Un. 
Coll., 184"; edited the rolilical Writings of 
Wm. Ix>tKeit (2 vols. 8vo, N. Y. 1840); pub. 
a " Treatise on the Mea.suro of Uamages," 
N. Y., 1847, 5th ed. 1869. a standard authority 
in America and England; tmd in 1857 a 
"Treatise on Statutory and Con>tilulit>nal 
Law." First pres. of the N. Y. Crystal-I'alaee 
Compjiny. Uc was a leading eontrib. to Hui- 
per's Mtir/aziii' and Weekli/. Uis political es- 
says, many of wliieh were eontrib. to the Ki-ni- 
ing PtiSI lindcr the signature of " Veto." were 
remarkable for their inde|>endent spirit, their 
soundness of judgment, luid their clearness and 
vigor of style. 

Sefton', Jons, comedian, b. Liverpool, 
Eng., Jan. 15, 1805 ; d. X. Y. City, in-pt. 19, 
1868. r.ducatcd for the l>ar. His taste for the 
stage led him at 16 to enter that cantr, in 
which, in certain comic parts, he had no supe- 
rior. He came to the U.S. in 1827 ; plaveil for 
two seasons at the Walnut-st. Theam-, I'hila. ; 
and in New York, in the part of Jemmy 
Twitcher, in " The Golden Fanner," achieved 
prval success and jKipularity. Sefton was 
stage-manager at the Astor-place ttjieni-Housc 
during the i-elebratcd Mncix^ady riot. He was 
aftenvani stage-manager at Kichmond ; at the 
Walnut, Philii. ; at Charleston and Columbia, 
S.C. ; and at N. Orleans under I'lacide. Ilis 
last app. was at the Broadway Theatre, for the 
^•nclit of Barton Hill, in Oct'. 1867. 

Seguin, Mr. and Mrs. AnrnfR Ed- 
WAHi) Smk.ldes. vocalists. He was b. Ixmd., 
Eng., Apr. 7, 1809 ; d. N.Y. City. Dee. 9, 1852. 
Menilier of the Lond. Acad, of Music. First 
appeared at the Quivn's Theatre in 1831 as 
Polyphemus in Handel's "Acs and Galatea." 
First app. at tlie Old National. N.Y., Oct. 15. 
18.18. in the 0|>era of Amelie; and afterward 
performed in the principal cities with considera- 
ble rei>ute as a hi\ss-singvr and comic actor. 
His wife. Ann Child, lirst app. at a concen in 
London ; was long a inemluT of the Italian 
Opera Co.. London ; and first ai)p. at Dnirj- 
Ijine in 1836. in Fidelio. She was a great fa- 
vorite in the U.S., hut retired from the stage, 
and tan.jht music in New York, where she is 
now ( 1S71 ) living. — limim's Amrr. :>liirfr. 

SegUr (.sa'-giir). I^u-ls-PlIILlPPE, CocTtT 
DE, diplomatist and historian, b. Paris, I>ec. 
10. I75.t ; d. there Aug. 27, 1832. Eldest son 
of Marshal St-gnr. Enterv\I the army in 1767, 
and in 1781 retiiMvcjl the hrev. of 2d i-ol. of the 
rvL't- S<iissonnais in America; embarkiM in 
A: ril, in the frijrate " Gloire," with his friends 
L;.inctli, Braglie, and Lauzun, and took part 



in the capture of Yorktown. After his return 
to France, he was successively ambasMidor to 
St. Petersburg and Berlin, lie was ruiut.'d by 
the ivvolution, and during a consiilerahle iieriod 
sup|iort(.'d his father, as well as his family, by 
the prxxluctiiins of his [len. Naiioleon ap]>. him 
a mvmbi-r of the council of slate 18l>;), grand- 
master of the eeninonies, and a sinalor. On 
the nstoration ol the Bourbons, be was cn-ated 
a iieir of Fnince. and sided with the liberals. 
His princiwU works are a " History- of the 
Keign of Frvderiek Wm. IT.;" "Moral and 
Political Gallery ; " " Ancient and Mo<lcm 
Historv ; " also M^ntoirtt, ^Jwiiwnrj, il Ante- 
dolfs, .3 vols. 8vo. 1824. 

Seiss, JosErn AcnusTCS, D.I)., h. near 
Eniinittsbupg, Pa., 1823. Lutheran p.i.stor in 
Baltimore, and in 1869 pastor of St. John's 
Ch.. Phila. Author of "Lectures on Hebrews," 
1846; " Bajitist System Examined." 1854; 
"The Last Times." ic, 1856; " Tlircaiening 
Ruin," 1861; " Dav of the LonI," 1861; 
"Bixjk of Worship," 1865; "The Lutheran 
Church," 1868; "Lectures on the Gospels," 
1868-9; "Plain Words." ic., 1869. He 
edited " Digest of Christian Doctrine," 8vo, 
1857 ; " Evangelical Psalmist," 1860. Also 
pub. sermons and addresses, and is one of the 
editors of llic Lnlherii:! and Hissionari/, and the 
PfoiA.lir Tinus.— Allilone. 

Selfridge, Thomas O., rearadm. U. S.N., 
b. Ms. 10 Oct. 18(M. Son of Thomas 0li\er, 
a pniminent Federalist and lawyer (H U. 179", 
d. 1816), who shot Charles Austin in Boston 
in 1806; was tried iind acquitted. Midship. 
Jan. 1. 1818; lieut. Mar. 3. 1827; com. Apr. 
11, 1844; capt. Sept. 14, 1855; cniiimo. July 
16, 1862; rcar-adm. (n-tired list) .lu'y, 1870. 
Attached to the cxploring-expod. 1829; com. 
sloop "Dale," Pacific sqiunl., 1848; sieamer 
" ^lissis^ippl." 1861 ; com. Mnre-Ulaud N.ivv- 
Y'afJ,Cal., 1862-4; Phila. N«vv.\"ai>l, l867-«; 
pres. examining board 1869 His son Thomas 
O., com. U. S. N. (b. 1836, Naval Acad. 1854), 
was app. lieut. in 1860; was in the frigate 
" Cumlwrland " at the capture of C«|>e Ilat- 
tents and the fight with " The Merrimack " in 
Hampton Roads ; served on the Mpi. and Red 
Rivers ; com. " The Huron " in the attack on 
Fort Fishor, and led a division of sailors to its 
assault ; com. of Darien exploring-cxpcdition, 
1870. — //.iwrJii/y. 

Selkirk, Alexander, a Scottish sailor, 
b. Largo. 1076 ; d. 1723. A lieut. in the navy. 
Having quarnlled with his capt., he was left 
on the uninlmbiteil island of Juan Fernandcx 
in 1704. and was rescued by Capt. Woodei 
Rogers in 1709. who made hiiu his male- 
Selkirk's adventures suggested to De Foe the 
celebrated romance of " Robinson CruM>e." 

Selkirk, Tuosias, eaH of, founder of iho 
Rol-river settlements in Western Canada, b. 
1774 ; d. Pan, south of Fr.ince, Apr. 6, 1820. 
Author of a treatise on Emigration, State- 
ment res|ieeting his Settlement, 8vo, London, 
1817. 

Semmes, Raphael, capt. of the Confed. 
cruiser " Alabama," b. Md. ab. 1810 of Irish 
ami Scotch parentage. Midsh. U. S N. 1 Apr. 
1826; lieut. 9 Feb. 1837; com. co;ist-surviy 
steamer " Poinsett " in I&43 ; the brig " Por 



SEM 



813 



SER 



poise" in 1846; sen-ed ns vol. alilo to Gen. 
Worth in the battles in the Viillov of Mexico; 
com. 1^.55; sec. liglit-house Ijoiinl 18.'i9-61 ; 
resiyrncil, and iipp. com. Confed. navv on tlie 
biciikin_'-<)ntoftlieUelielli<)n; corn, the .-steamer 
" .Snmtei'," and cruised suecesslully against 
Anicr. commerce in the W. Indies; hlockaded 
at Tangier, and, obliged to sell his vessel there, 
went to Kng., where the fast steamer "290" 
WHS built for him, and in Aug. 1863 he put to 
sea, inflicting great injury on our commerce. 
Tliis vessel was sunk off Cherbourg, France, 
by the U.S. steamer " Kearsarge," Capt. Wins- 
low, 19 June, 1864. Claims toft large amount 
against ihe Kritish govt., growing out of its dis- 
regard of international comity in permitting 
the sailing of this vessel, arc now (1872) in 
course of arbitration at Geneva. ISemmes has 
been app. prof, of moral philos. in the State 
seminary of La. at Alexandria. Author of 
" Service Afloat and Ashore during the Mexi- 
can War," 8vo, 18.")1 ; "Campaign of Gen. 
Scott in the Valley of Mexico," 1852 ; " Cruise 
of the Alabama," 1864. 

Semple, Gen. James, senator and jurist, 
b. Ky. 17U9; d. Klsah Landing, 111., Dec. 1866. 
He practised law in Louisville; removed to 
III. ab. 1827, and practised at Edwardsville, 
Madison Co. Elected to the legisl., he became 
speaker for several sessions; in 18-3.3 atty.- 
gen. of the State, and gen. of militia; was 
chmjf (Tnffnires to New Granada in 1837-41 ; 
judge of the Supreme Court of III. in 1842; 
and U.S. senator in 1843-7. 

Semple, Robert, gov. of Earl Selkirk's 
settlcnirnt on Red River, U.C. ; was murdered 
near that jilace in 1816. Author of several 
books of travel. 

Semple, Robert Batlok, D.D. (B.U. 
1816). a Liajitist clergyman, b. Jan. 20, 1769; 
d. Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 25, 1831. lie 
received a. classical education ; became a teacher 
at the age of 16, and studied law, which at the 
age of 20 he relinquished for divinity, becom- 
ing in 1790 pastor of the Bruigton Baptist 
Church. In 1 805 he was offered the presidency 
of Transylv. U., but did Jiot accept. He pub. 
a "Catechism for Children," 1809; "A His- 
tory of the Va. Baptists in 1810;" " Memoir 
of Elder Straughan," " Letters to Alexander 
Campbell," and .some minor works. In 1827 
he became the financial agent of Columbia Coll., 
retaining his pastorate. From 1820 to his d. 
he was prcs. of the triennial convention of the 
Bajitlst denomination in the U.S. 

Senter, Isaac, M.D. (Y.C. 1792), phy- 
sician, b. N'.II. 1755 ; d. Newport, R.I., Dec. 20, 
1799. lie went to Newport early in Hie ; stud- 
ied medicine with Di-. Thomas Mofl'at ; was 
n surgeon in the Revol. army, and accomp. 
Arnohl's cxped. to Quebec, an interesting ac- 
count of which, prepared bv hiin, is pub. in 
" Hist. Soc. of Pa. Bulletin,'' vol. i. He after- 
ward practised in Pawtucket, but removed to 
Newport, and became the most disting. prac- 
tiiioncr both of physic and surgery in the State. 
He coiilrib. to the medical journals of the day, 
and pub., in the " Trans, of the Coll. of Phy- 
sicians of Phila.," " Remarks on Phthisis 
Pulmonalis." An hon. member of the medical 
societies of Lond., Edinb., and Ms., and was for 



manv years prcs. of the Societv of Cincinnati 
of R' I. — Tharlm: 

Sergeant (sar'-junt), EitAsTUs, M.D. 
(M.U. 1811). plivsieian,ol Stoekl.ridge, Ms..b. 
StMckbridge. Aug. 7, 1742; d. there Nov. 14, 
1814. A.M. of Y.C. 1784. Son of Rev. , John. 
Spent two years at N.J. Coll.,audst»died medi- 
cine with his uncle, Dr. Thomas Williams of 
Dcerfield. lie was a skilful surgeon, and became 
the principal operator within a circle of 30 miles. 
Major in the 7ih Regt. of the county, with 
wliich lie dill duty at Lake Champlain from 
Dec. 1776 to Apr. 1777, and until Buigoyne's 
surrender. 

Sergeant, John, missionary to the Indians, 
b. Newark, N. .1., 1710; d. Stockbridge, July 
27, 1749. Y.C. 1729. Tutor there 1731-5. 
Ord. 31 Aug. 1735. He began to pre ich at 
Houssatonnuc, an Indian village in Western 
Ms., in Oct. 1734. With great labor, be trans- 
lated the New Testament, and some portions 
of the Old, into the Indian tongue, and also 
pub. a Letter on the Indians, and a Sermon, 
1743. These Indians emigrated to New Stock- 
bridu'c, N.Y., and were 60 years under the care 
of his scm John, who died there Sept. 8, 1824, 

Sergeant, John, LL.D. (Dick. 1826; 
H.U. 1844), an eminent lawyer and statesman, 
son of Jonathan Dickinson, b. Phila. Dec. 5, 
1779; d. there Nov. 23, 1852. N.J. Coll. 1795. 
Abamloning his intention of becoming a mer- 
chant, he applied himself to the study of law, 
and was adm. to the Phila. bar. in July, 1799. 
For more than half a century he was exten- 
sively known as one of the most honorable and 
profound members of his profession, and ono 
of its acknowledged leaders. He entered public 
life in 1801, when he was iip[i. conimiss. of 
bankruptcy by Jefferson. He was afterwards 
dep. atty.-gen. of Pa. ; member of the le;;isl. ; 
in 1838 ))res. of the Pa. Const. Conv, ; M.C. 
in 1815-23, 1827-9, and 1837-42. In 1820, as 
the leading champion of the Northern States, 
ho displaye<l his great intellectual powers in 
procuring the passage of the .Mo. Compromise. 
Mar. 4, 1826, be was app. one of the two envoys- 
extr. and ministers-plcnipo. to the Panama 
Congress ; in 1832 he was the Whig candidate 
for the vice-presidency, but was defeated ; and 
when, in 1840, Gen. Harrison became pies, of 
the U.S., the mission to Eng. was tendered to 
Mr. Sergeant, but declined. His last office w.is 
that of arbitrator, app. by Sec. Marcy to deter- 
mine a long-pending and vexatious controversy 
between the U.S. and the State of N.J. He 
acted as pies, of the House of Refuge from the 
date of its establishment, and was also prcs. of 
the Apprentices' Library Co. His " Select 
Speeches" were pub. Phila. 8vo, 1832. He 
pub. a euloiry on Ad.-inis ami Jett'erson, and a 
speech on the Mi-s..uri Question, 1821). 

Sergeant, Jonathan Dickinson, lawyer 
and p.itriot, lailr riil the prccnling, b. Newark, 
N.J., 17;G; .!. Phila. Oct. 1793. N.J. Coll. 
1762. He stiulied law, and commenced piacliie 
in his native State. Was a member ol the 
Cont. Cong, in 1776-7 : look his seat a lew 
days ;f: r ihc Dccl. of 'lndc|). ; and in July, 
1777, iKcain ■ atty.--en. of Pa. ; which po-t he 
resigned iu 17J0, uiid devoted himself to his 



BKR 



814 



sic-w 



profcsoiim B forr ihc oV"C of tlii; nnr, he 
ir;iii>l irnl his ri -i'loiicc tii I'liiln. ; soon t)C- 
ciiiiiu c'ons|ticiiuii8 ill its liiir, cotiiiiiinng to re- 
siilc- tlu'ic iiiiiil liu li'll II viciiin, liming the 
iiiivalcTii'f of tile yliow-fiviT, to liid licnevo- 
Ji'iit CM rtioiis us one of tlu' luiiiril of licniih. 

Sergoant, TiiOHAa, juriKl, b. I'hihi. Jan. 
U, i:x2; il. there Mttv 5, I860. N.J. Coll. 
1"1)S. Son of the preeeilinj;. He stuilieil hiw ; 
Win ajip. clei k of thi; innvor's court ; «'ii« ii rep. 
in the Suite let;i-l. in '1812-14 ; in 1814-17 
jiiilge of the Di-t. Court; in 1817-19 cec. of 
I'll.; 1819-20 atty.-(;en. ; postiniister of I'liiln. 
lS24-.'i2 ; nnil ns<oc. jiislire of the Sup. Court 
of I'u. Fel). I8.'34-46. In conneetion with 
Win. Kiiwlc he reporteij the ileclsions of the 
Sui). Court from 1814 to 1828. lie pnh. 
"1 realises on the Lund Liiw of I'n.," 18.'!8; 
on " Constitntiontil Law," 1822; on " Attiich- 
nient," 1811; und " Sketeh of the National 
Judiciary Powers ; " and in early life was a con- 
trib. of prose and poetry to perioilieals. Ho 
was lonj; pros, of the Hist. Soc. of Pa., mem- 
ber of the Philos. Soc., and of the N.K. Hist, 
and Ceneal. Soc. He m. Sarah Baclie,apr.-dau. 
of Franklin. — .V. £'. Hist, and lieneiU. liig., 
xiv. 292. 

Sessions, D.irius, patriot and lieut.-gov. 
oflM.; U. Providence, Mar. 1809,0.92. Y.C. 
17.-i7. 

Seton, Eliza Ank, founder of the Sisters 
of Charily in the U.S., h. N.Y. Aug. 28, 1774; 
(). Knimettyhurp, Md., Jan. 4, 1821. l)au. of 
Dr. liieharil Uayley. and in her 20th year was 
m. to .Mr. \Vm. Seton, upon whose death at 
Leghorn, in 1803, she returned toN.Y. ; was 
received into the H.C. Church, and for support 
opened a school in Baltimore, whither slic 
removed with her children. In 1809 she was 
enabled, by an ample emlowment from a Mr. 
Cooper, to open a -semi-conventual establish- 
ment at Kmnicttshurg. Their first charge out- 
side of their own house was that of an orphan 
a.syliim in Phila., to ivhioh 3 sisters were sent 
in 1814. In 1817 an act of incorporation of 
the sisterhood was pas.scd liy the Icgisl.of Md. 
Her Life, bv Rev. (Miarlcs J. White, was pub. 
in N.Y. \9b3. — Applelon. 

Severance, Lltiii;r, journalist and poli- 
tiiiaii. b. .MoiiiaL'iic, Ms., Oct. 28, 1797; d. 
Auu'usta, Me., Jan. 2.i, 18.i5. In 1825 he 
quitted his apprenticeship to Gales and Scaton 
of Washington, and established the Krnnnbec 
Joiiriinl in Augusta, which he printed and edit- 
ed himself. Five years later he was sent to 
the State Icgisl., and was repeatedly n mem- 
ber of the senate and < f the house. M.C. in 
1843-7; anil was commiss. to the Sandwich 
I-lands in 18.'>0-4. 

Sevier, Ambhose M., Inwver and senator, 
b..\l iildle I'enn. in 18o2 ; d. Little Rock, Ark., 
Dec. 31, 1848. Fathe'less, poor, and scantily 
educated, he emig. in 1820 to the ncwly-orgnii- 
iicil Terr, of Ark., where he managed to Ihj 
adin. to the bar before attaining the age of 21. 
Was also npp. clerk of the Terr. Icgisl. ; was 
elected to the Icgisl. in 1823 and '2.5 ; n-prescnt- 
cd the Terr, of Ark. in Congress in 1827-36, 
anil the State as a US seiintor in 1837-48, 
when he wassclectid by Prcs. Polk to negotiate 
u treaty of |>vacc uith )Ie.\leo. Chairiiiaii of 



the com. on Indian affairs for many rears, and 
afterwards of the com. on (orrign relations. 

Sevier, Ukn. Joh.n-, U. i.f French parent- 
age (Xavier), on the Shenandoah. Va., 1745; 
d. near Fort Dee.itur, Ga., Sept. 24, 1815. 
Went with an exploring-party to th'j llidston 
River. K. Tenn., in 1769 ; built Fort Wainiign, 
and aidcil in its di-fence against the Iiiiiians ; 
served as capt. in DuiinMin''« expi'd., ami was 
in the battle of Point Plea-niit ; tt dvlegate in 
1772 to a conv. at Halifax, N.C. ; member of 
the Assembly in 1777, and pfocnreil the estal)- 
lishment of a district, and the extension of 
State laws, establi-.hmcnt of i-oiirls, &c. After 
much successful Indian fighting, in 1777 miulc 
licut.-col. : in 1779 he fou;;ht with them the 
successlnl battle of Boyd's Creek ; com. a n'gt. ; 
and was one of the leaders at King's Mountain, 
Oct. 7. 1780, and received sword and thanks 
from N.C. Icgisl. Was in the liaiile of Miis- 
grove's Mills, and in 1781 he was attnched to 
Marion's command, ami at tlie close of the war 
was a l>rig.-;;en. In 1784 he was made gov. of 
the State of " Franklin," the name by which 
the Tenn. settlements first liccainc |Kdiiieally 
known. Ill 1786 he again chastised the Cher- 
okees for disrcgari|.iiig treaty oblipitions. 
When Tenn. was organized in 1788, he was 
gov. until 1801, and in 18(i.'l-9; M.C. 1811-15: 
accepted a mission to the Creek Imlians in 
181 1, but il. while eniragcd in its performance. 

Bewail, David, LL.I). (Bowd. Coll 1812), 
jurist, b. York, Me., Oct. 7, 1735; d. there 
Oct. 22. 1825. HU. 1755. Son of .Samuel, 
who d. Apr. 28, 1769, a. 81. Classmate and 
friciid of John Adams. Kstablishcd himself 
at York in 1759; practisc<I law several years; 
was app. justice of the peace 1762, rcf;i;.ter gf 
probate 1766 ; took an active part in the Rev- 
ol. ; was chosen councillor, and was app. in 
1777 a jiisticeof the Superior Court; and Irom 
1789 to 1818 wasjudceof the U.S. Di>t. Court 
of Mo. He represented York in the Ms. legisl. 
in 1776. 

Sewall, JoXATiiAN, LL.D., jurist and loy- 
alist, b. Boston, Aug. 24, 1728; d. St. John, 
N.B., Sept. 26, 1796. Il.U. 1748. His father 
Jonathan was a nephew of Chief Justice 
Stephen. In early life he was the intimate 
friend and associate of John .Vdams. He was 
several years, and until \7nf>, a teacher in 
Salem. Commenced the practice ol law in 
Charlestowu, and in 1767 was app. ntty.-gcn. 
of Ms. In May, 1769, he commenceil a suit in 
behalf of n negro to obtain his Inedoni from 
his master, — James r,«. Richard Lcbincrc of 
Cambridge. The suit terminated the follow- 
ing year in favor of the negro, — two years pre- 
viously to the settlement of the cas'e of the 
negro Somerset, which Blackstone coinmends 
so highly. In 1769 he was app. judge of tho 
Ailmiralty Court for Nova Scotia, but did not 
remove thither. At the commencement of the 
Rovol. he resided at Cambrid;:c in the Viis«al 
House, subsiipicntly Washington's head(|iiar- 
ters. Karly in 1775 he went to Kng., ami was 
among those prosciilx-d, April .30, 1779; in 
1788 he reiiioved to St. John, N B., where ho 
was judge of the Vice-Admiralty Court until hii 
death. Author of a number of political papers. 
To him was ascribed for some iiuie ilij author 



SE"W 



815 



SKIW 



ship of the Letters of " Massachusettensis " (see 
Joliii Adams's reprint of I he Letters of Novan- 
j;lii< ami AL), althouu'h Tniiiiliull, in his bur- 
1l- i|iic of Gu;^c's proclamaiion (the founJation 
ol AIcFiiigal) ill 1775, assigned the authorship 
properly to Daniel Leonanl. 

Sewall, Jonathan Mitchell, lawyer and 
]ioet, h. Salem, Ms., 1745; d. Portsmouth, 
N.ll , March 29, ISOS. He was adopted by his 
uncle, Chief Justice Stephen Sewall. Studied 
law; was disting. at the liar; and in 1774 was 
re;;ister of probate for Grafton Co., N. H., 
afterward removin-;; to Portsmouth, N.H. For 
inaiiy years previous to his death he was in- 
temperate. I lii occasional |>oetic pieces, some 
of which attained jireat popularity, were col- 
lected and pub. in iSOl ; many were of a poli- 
tical ca»t, and were printed in most of the 
Federal ^'azettes from Maine to Georgia. He 
was noted ibr wit, and was eminent in social 
qualities. In his epilogue to the tragedy of 
" Cato," written in 1778, occurs the well- 
known couplet : — 

" No peut-up Utica contracts your powers; 
liat the wiiole buundless cuutiueut is yours." 

His lyrics, especially his " War and Washing- 
ton," warmed the patriotism and cheered the 
hearts of the soldiers of the Revol. In 1798 he 
printed " The Versification of Washington's 
Farewell Address;" and in 1788 delivered 
" The Fourth-of-Iuly Oration " in Portsmouth, 
which was published. 

Sewall, Joseph, D.n. (U. of Glasg. 1731), 
divine, b. Aug. 13, I6S8; d. June 27, 1769. 
H. U. 1707. Son of Chief Justice Samuel. 
Ord. colleague with Pemlierton at the Old 
South Church, Boston, Sei)t. 16, 1713; in 
1724 was offered the prcs. of H.U., which he 
declined. Coriesp. member of the Societv in 
Scotland for promoting Cliri-tian Knowledge; 
and was also a commiss. of the London Corp. 
for the Propagation of the Gospel in N.K. and 
Pans Adjacent. A man of great benevolence, 
a friend of learning, and donated to U, U. a 
fund to be appropriated to iiidigeiit scholars. 
He pub. 23 funeral and other sermoiLS, also 
" Four Sermons," 1741. — Eliot. 

Sewall, IJltus King, b. Edgecomb, Me., 
1814. 15o«a. Coll. 1837. Author of " The 
Chrisiinii's Miniature," 1844; "Sketches of 
St. Augustine," 1848; "Ancient Dominions 
of Maine." 8vo, 1839 ; "Appeal to the Sons of 
Teiiipcrance." \9hO.— Atlilione. 

Scwall, Samuel, jurist, b. Bishop-Stoke, 
F,;ig., March 23, 1652 ; d. Jan. 1, 1730. H.U. 
1671. His grandfather Henry, b. in 1576, 
came to N. E., lived in Newbury or Uowley, 
Ms., and d. ab. 1655. His lather Henry came 
ovt-r in 1634, began the settlement at Xcw- 
biiry, and, retnrning, finally settled there in 
1C59, being followecl hy his wife and children 
in 1651. Samuel, after studying divinity, and 
preicliing for a short time, came into posscs.sion 
of irr.at wealth by his mnniai.'e, Feb. 28, 1676, 
with Hannah, daa. of John Hull, goldsmith of 
Boston. An assist, in I6S4-6, he made a voy- 
A'jc lo England in 1688, and. returning in 1689, 
resumed his seat at the boaid of assistants. 
He was nnnnnlly i hoscu to the fiincil from 
1692 until 1725'; was a jiidije fioin 1C92 to 



1718, when he was made chief justice ; and in 
1728 resigned, in consequence o( age and infirm- 
ity, this, lis well as the ofiice of judge of probate 
for Suffolk. Sharing in the then general belief 
in witchcraft, he concurred in the condemna- 
tions in 1692; but at a public last, Jan. 14, 
1697, a " bill " was read by bis minister, Uev. 
Samuel Willard, before tlic cong.. in which he 
acknowledged his own guilt, asked the pardon 
both of God and man, and deprecated the 
divine judgments lor his sin. He contributed 
liberally to the spread of the gospel among the 
Indians; and in 1699 was chosen one of the 
commiss. of the Society in Eng. for the Propa- 
gation of the Gospel in N.E., and soon alter 
their sec. and treasurer. His sympathy tor 
African slaves prompted liiin in 17(10 to pub. a 
tract entitled " The Selling of Joseph," in 
which he advocated their rights; it being his 
opinion that there would " be no progress in 
gospelling" until slavery was abolished. His 
benevolence and charity were great, and his 
house was a seat of hospitality. He published 
."Answer to Queries respecting America," 
1690; " Accomplishment ol Prophecies," 1713; 
" A Memorial relating to the Kennebec In- 
dians," 1721 ; " A Description of the New 
Heaven," &c., 1727. His Diary and other papers 
are now in jiossession of the Ms. Hist. Society. 

Sewall, Samuel, LL.D., A.A S., jurist, 
b. Boston, 11 Dec. 1757 ; d. AViscasset, Me., 8 
June, 1814. H. U. 1776. Grand-on of Kev. 
Joseph. His mother was a dau. of Edmund 
Quincy. He practised law in Marblehcad ; 
soon hecame eminent; was a member of the 
State legisl.; M.C. 1797-1800; judge of the 
Sup. Court 1800-13; chief justice from Nov. 
1813 to his death. 

Sewall, Samuel, bro. of Stephen, mecha- 
nician, and constructor of bridges ; d. Vork, Me., 
July 28, 1815, a. 91. He possessed a vigorous 
and inventive mind; was well versed in the 
principles of mechanics and nat. pliilos. ; and 
was the author of a number of improvements 
in the arts, among which is the construction 
of bridges on piles, wliich he fir.'it introduced 
at York, Me., m 1761. In 1786 he superin- 
tended the erection of the Charlestown bridge 
on this plan. 

Sewall, Samuel, pastor of a Cong, church 
at Buriington, Ms., Apr. 13, 1814, to his d. IS 
Feb. 1868; b. Marblehcad, Ms., 1 June, 1785. 
HU 1804. Son of Judge Samuel (H.U. 1776). 
Studied theol. at Cainbn'dgc, and was fond of 
antiquarian pursuits. Author of " History of 
Wobum, Ms.," pub. with a Memorial Sketch 
by Rev. C. C. Sewall, 8vo, 1868. 
" Sewall, Stephen, jurist, b. Salem, 18 Dec. 
1704; d. Sept. 10, 1760. H.U. 1721; tutor 
there 1723-39. Son of Maj. Stephen of New- 
bury. He taught school in M.arbichead, and 
preached acceptably ; was judge of the Sujie- 
rior Court 173D-.52; chief justice, and memlicr 
of the council, from 1752 till his diath. 

Sewall, Stei-hen, Hebraist, b. York, Me., 
April 4, 1734; d. July 23, 1.^04. H.U. 1761. 
Son of Nirholas. He earned the means of eu- 
t.'ring college by working as a joiner; taught 
the grammar-school at Cambridge ; became 
Hebrew tutor at the college in 1762; and when 
the Hancock professor liip was founded, June 



8KW 



816 



SKY 



17, 1765, cominuctl raoiv than 20 years in that 
chrtir. IK- took an early |jart in thi- lluvol. ; 
anil \%'aa a n-|ireseutativi' trum Cainlirid);i' in 
1777. He pub. a Ilobnw (n^nimnr, 1763; 
some transKiliouj anil oliiluary diiscuuniort ; 
" Ciirmina Surra," &i'., 17s9; "Scripture His- 
tory of Soilom and iioniorr.ih," 1796; and 
left in M8. a Chaldi-c and Kn;.'lish Dioiionarv. 
Hv contrib. 7 of the Grti'k ami Latin pooina in 
t)\\: " I'ktas tt Grtiliilatio" Axo, 1761, and was 
on accomplished scholar. 

Sewall, William Bartlett, journalist, 
ami in ■iiih.r of the Portland bar, son of Dan- 
iel, b. York, Me., 17^2; d. 186'J. H.U. 1S03. 
Author of thj " Maine Ucgisler; " assisted hia 
father in almanac-inakinj^ ; wiv< a contrib. to 
many papers, and editor of the I'ortland Adixr- 
tiser. — 1 1 illis's iMityfrs of Maine. 

Sewell, Jonathan, LL.D. (H.U. 1832), b. 
Cainlnidj:e, Ms., 1766; d. Quebec, Nov. 12, 
1839. Son of Jon. Sewall (ante). Educated 
at the griinimar-sehool, Bristol, Eng. Went 
to New Brunswick in 1785; to Quebec in 
1789 ; was adni. to the bar, Oct. 30, 1789 ; was 
solieiior-gcn. in 1793; advocate and atty.-<;en. 
and jiiiij^ of vice-admiralty in 1795-1S08; 
member of 3 successive parliaments; chief-jus- 
tice in 1808-38, and prcs. of the c.xcc, council 
1608-29 ; speiiker of the legi>l. council from 
Jan. 9, 1809, to his d. Author of a Memoir of 
Sir Jas. Craig, and an essay on French Cana- 
dian Law. 18.'!4. 

Sewell, William Grant, journalist and 
author, b. Qucliec, 1*29; d. there Aug. 9, 
1S62. Crand-on of Jonathan, chief justice of 
L.C. Educated for the law, he pnferred jour- 
nalism, and in 1852 became connected with the 
Kcw-York daily pres.«, and was for some time 
one of the prineip:il editors of the \.Y. iMili/ 
Times Some years pas.-ed in the West Indies 
in search of health resulted in his pul>Ushing 
" The Ordeal of Free Lal>or in the West In- 
dies," 1861. 

Seward, William Henry, LL.D. (Y.C. 
1851). statciinan, b. Florida, Orange Co., X.Y., 
16 Mav, 1 ?01 . I'll. Coll. 1 '^20. Son of Saml. 
S. Seward, M.U. (who d. l8-t9), and Marj- Jen- 
nings. In 1S19 be taught school 6 months in 
Ga. He studied law under John Dner and 
Ogden Ilolfman; was adm. to the bar in 1832; 
K'gan practice at xVubum in 1823, and acquind 
a high reputation as a eiiminal lawyer. In 
1.-24 he HI Frances Adeline, dau. of Judge 
Elijah Miller. In 182> he was lire.", of a State 
conv. ol young men who favored the re-cb ction 
of J. Q. Adams ; memlnTof the State ^enate in 
1830-1. he made in 1832 an ablespcet-h in favor 
of the U. S. Bank, and became a lender of the 
opposition juitty afterivard known as Whigs. 
In 1833 he made a tour in Euroi>e, and pub. his 
observations in a series of letters. The unsuc- 
cessful candidate for gov. of X.Y. in 1834, but 
dcctcil in 1S38, and again in 1840 ; he favon-d 
internal iiiijirovcraents, reform in the courts of 
law and eh mcery, and the extension of educa- 
tion. In 1S42 heresnimKl his profession, prac- 
tising extensively, chietly in the U.S. courts. 
He supiiortiHl Henry Clav in 1844, and Gen. 
Taylor in 1848; opposed the annexation of 
Texas; and was U.S. senator in 1S43-61, and 
(cc of state under Pr>.tidents Lincoln and John- 



son in 1861-9. He was the friend and advis r 
of I'ri'S. Taylor, and dLsiing. himself iiy hij 
firm resi.'itance to the extension ol slavcrv'. lu 
Slarch, 1850, h- made a sjKCch in favor ol t!.o 
admission of Ca.ifunii.t into the Union, i:i 
which occurs his famous phrase, "the higher 
law." He opiiost-d the comproniUc of 1850, 
and was denounced a.^ a sediiiuus agitator. 
His s|iec<.lns on th. ri|nal of the Mo. Compro- 
mise and the admission of luuis.is were wiiUljr 
circulated. He oppoM-d the Native-American 
party, and was one of th.' chief founders of ilie 
Kc|iiililiean ["arty. In a snetxb at l!whe.-t r 
in ()et. 1858, he decland tbat the antiigonisiu 
Utwecn freedom ami slavery is "an iiTi.pre,-i^i- 
ble conflict " liciwtvn opposing and endurin;' 
foixes. In 1856 he lalwivd cami-stly and cl- 
fectively in snpfiort of F'reiuont for the im'si- 
dency, and was himself a pmniincni candi l.ito 
for that honor in the Hepnblican Convention 
of I860, lie advocated Mr. Lincoln's election 
in 1860, during an extend' d tour, in a siri.s of 
smwhes. As sic. of state, he exhibited much 
ability in relation to foreign policy during the 
civil war. Among the important sul j cts of hia 
diplomacy were the lilK^raiion of Ma.<on and 
Slidell, and the French iiiva.-ion of Mexico in 
1862. In the spring of 1865 he tviis thrown 
from his carriagi', and hi.- arm and jaw wcro 
broken. While lying in this crip; led stati;, 
April 14, 1865, Lewis Payne, ai.as Powell, aa 
accomplice of J. Wilkes Booth, entered his 
house, broke the skull of Fr deriek Sewanl, 
and with a knife inflicted several severe wounds 
on the ncek and lace of the secretary. Sir. 
Seward sustained l'rL*ideiit Johnson's i-econ- 
stniction policy against the nearly unanimous 
sentiment of tlie Kepniilican parte. Author 
of a "Life of John Qi:incy Ada. us,'' 1849. His 
complete works, including selections from his 
corrcsp., ami hio valuable Notts on New York, 
spoi-ches. addressc s, ic, were pub. in 4 vols. 
8vo, N.Y' 1853-62. 

Seybert, Adam, M.D , b. Phila. 1773 ; d. 
Pari.s May 2, 1825. M.C. 1809-15 and 1817- 
19. In 1793 he Went to Eurojn', and stmli d 
at Lond., Edinb., Paris, and Gotingin, gi\in; 
special attention to chemistry and niineralo_-y. 
Author of "Inaug. Dissert, on Pni refaction 
of the Blood." 8vo, 1793; "Siu.istical Annus 
of the U.S.," 1789-1819, 4ro, IslS; "Exp li- 
menis and Obsen'ations on L.ind and S.a Air, 
and on the Atmosphere of Jl.irsbes," in the 
"Transactions" of the Anier. Philos. S{)cii.ty. 

Seymour, Horatio, LL.D. (Y.C. 1847), 
U.S. senator l-21-.)3, b. Litchliehl, Ct., May 
31, 1778; d. Middl.burv, Vt., Nov. 21, iri7. 
Y.C. 1 797. Son of JLijor Moses of Litchfield, 
a Revol. soldier, and manv year.- a rpprcs" iitji- 
tive to the Slate lepisl., wiio d. Sept. 17, 1826, 
a. 84. Horatio studied luw at the Litchfield 
Law School, and settled in Midd'cbiiry, Vi., ia 
1799; nieniKrof the council 1809-17'. He re- 
sumed practice in 1833; w;>s the Whig candi- 
date for gov. of Vt. in 1836 ; and in Oct. 1847 
« as npp. judge of probate. 

Seymour, IIokatio. LL.D. (Ham. Coll. 
H.'iM. gov. N.Y. 1853-5 and 186.'l-5, b. Onnii- 
dii:' Co.. N.Y., 1811. Stuilied law, and prac- 
tised at Utica, but soon gave his whole time 
to the caru of the luigc estates left by bis father 



SKi' 



817 



SUA. 



an 1 fatlier-in-law. Strongly atlacheil to the 
Diinor. party, he was in 1841 chosen to tlic 
State Assembly; inavorof'Utica 1842 ; spe;iker 
of the le^'isl. i'n 1845. In Jan. 1861 he deliv- 
creJ a speech at Albany strongly advocating 
concessive and conciliatory measures toward 
the seceding States, which position he main- 
tained in numerons public addresses. Prcs. of 
the Nat. Democ. Convention at Chicago. Aug. 
18G4; candidate for gov. in Nov. 1864, anil 
defeated ; pics, of the Nat. Dcmoc. Convention 
in X. Y. 4 July, 1858, and nominated to the 
)irc>idency of the U.S , but received only 80 
electoral votes, and was defeated by Gen. Grant. 

Seymour, Tuosus Hart,' soldier and 
pidiiician, b. Hartford, Ci., 1808 ; d. there 3 
Si-pt. 186S. Edue.ited at the Middletown 
Milit. Acad. He practised law; edited the. /c^^ 
J'lisuiiian, a Democ. newspaper, in 18.37; was a 
judge of probate; M.C. 1S4.3-3; served in 
the Mexican war as miij. 9ih Regt. 1847 ; lieut.- 
col. 12th Inf. 12 Aug. 1847; com. the 9t!i Inf. 
on the fall of Col. Ransom ; brcv. col. for 
Chapultepcc 13 Sept. 1847; gov. of Ct. 1830- 
3 ; minister to Kussia 1853-7. His syinpa- 
tbies were stronglv with the South during the 
Keliellion. 

Seymour, Triim-In, brer, maj.-gen. U.S.A., 
b. Burlin-ion, Vt., Sept. 24, 1824. West Point, 
1846. Entering the 1st Art., he was brev. 1st 
lieut. and eapt. for gallantry at Ccrro Gordo, 
Contrcras, and Churubusco ; was in IS.'iO-^S 
assist, prof of drawing at West Point ; served 
in the last Florida war (1 856-8) ; became capt. 
1st Art. 22 Nov. 1860 ; and under Maj. Ander- 
son served at Fort Sumter in April, 1861 ; 
transferred to the 5th Art., be joined the Army 
of the Potomac in March, 1862, and was made 
chief of art. of M'Call's division. Brig.-gen. 
vols. Apr. 28, 1862, he com. the left wing at 
the battle of Mcchanicsville, June 26. In tlic 
battles of Manassas, South Mountain, and An- 
tictam, be led a biigade in Jlcade's division. 
Com. division at the assault of Fort Wagner, 
and severely wounded, 18 July, 1863; com. 
cxpe<l. to Florida, Feb. 1804, and fought the 
battle of Olustee 20 Feb. 1864; com. a bri- 
gade 6ih corps in battle of the Wilderness, 
and captured 6 May, 1864; com. division 6lh 
corps in Shenandoah Valley, Oct.-Dec. 1864, 
and in the Uiehmond campaign, Dec. 1864 to 
16 Apr. 1865. Brev. maj. for Fort Sumter, 
lieut. col. lor South Mountain, col. (orAntie- 
tam, brig.-gen. (13 Mar. 1865) for capture of 
Petersburg, and mnj.-gcn. for services during 
the Ueliellion. Maj. 5ih Art. 13 Aug. 1866. 
A.M. of Wms. Coll. 1865. — Citllum. 

Shaler, GiiN. ALEXAXDEti, major N.Y. 7th 
Regt. before the Rebellion ; lieut.-col. 65th N.Y. 
Regt. 11 June, 1861; col. 17 July, 1862; brig.- 
gen. vols. 2u May, 1863. Served in Peninsular 
camjiaign ; under Pope in Va., and under 
M'Clellan in Md. ; was at Fredericksburg in 
Dec. 1862; com. a brigade, and disting. in 
storm of Maryc's Heights, May, 1863 ; was at 
Gettysburg, Rappahannock Station (Nov. 8, 
1863) ; was taken prisoner at the battle of the 
Wilderness, in May, 1864, and confined at 
Charleston, S.C. ; exchanged in Aug. 1864; 
com. 2d div., 7th corps, and post of Duval's 
Blulf Ark., in Jan. 1865 ; and brev. maj.-gen. 
62 



27 Julv. 1865 ; ajip. maj.-gen. 1st div. national 
guard. S.N'.Y., 23 Jan. 1867. 

Sbaler, Willum, U.S. consul at Hava- 
na ; d. there 29 Mar. 18.33, a. 55. A.M. of N.J. 
Coll. 1828. Formerly consul-gen. at Algiers. 
He displayed .signal abilities in trying circum- 
stances, and was commissioned to negotiate a 
treaty with the latter power in 1815. Ills 
"Sketches of Algiers," pub. 1826, was very 
ser^'iceable to the French in their operations 
against that place. He also pub. in the Pbilos. 
Trans, a paper on the Language of the Ber- 
bers in Africa. 

Shank, David, a British gen., b. Va. ; d. 
Glasgow, Oct. 16, 1831. App. a lieut. of 
loyalists under Lord Dunmore in Va. in 1775 ; 
was at Gwynn's Islanil and other skirmishes; 
was a vol. at the battle of Long Island, Aug. 
27, 1776; was app. a lieut. in the Que.n's 
Rangers. March, 1777; engaged at Brandv- 
wine, Sept. 11, 1777, when 14 out of its 21 
officers were killed and wounded ; disting. Iiim- 
self at Germantown and .Monmouth ; suci-eeded 
to a companv, Oct. 1 778 ; and was ciig.iged at 
the battle of Springfield, N.J. In Aug. 1779 
he com. a troop of dr.igoous; afterward com. 
the cavalry of the Queen's Rangers in Va., 
with whieh be susti.ined a severe action at 
Spencer's Ordinary ; in 1792 ho raised a liglit- 
inf. corps lor Canada, called the Queen's Ran- 
gers ; and com. the troops in Upper Canada in 
1796. He went to Europe in 1799 ; wa< made 
col. in 1808, maj.-gen. 1811, and a lieut. -gen. 
in 1821. — Morffhu. 

Sbanly, Walter, engineer, b. Queen's 
Co., Ireland. Came to Canada in 1836 ; mem- 
ber Canadian parliament; was prominentlv 
engaged in the construction of the Wellanil 
Canal; was engineer of the Grand Trunk Rail- 
wtiy ; and employed with his bio. Francis since 
Mar. 1869, under an appropriation of five mil- 
lions, to complete the tunnel through the IIoo- 
sac .Mountain. 

Shannon, Mary Eulalie Fee, b. Flem- 
ingsburg, Kv., 9 Feb. 1824; d. Auburn, Cal., 
26 Dec. 18.")5 ; m. 31 Jan. 1854 to Juhu Shan- 
non, editor at Auburn, Cal. Desceniled, on 
the mother's side, from .Tohn Carver the Pil- 
grim ; on the father's, from the family to which 
belonged .lohn Philpot Curran. She was a 
contrib. of verses to Arthur's Home Ma'/, and 
to Western papers. A vol. of her poems, cir- 
titled " Buds, Blos.soms, and Leaves," vvjs 
pub. Cin. 1854. — Porfs and Poetri/ of the 
ir.-.s/. 

Shannon, Wilsom, lawvcr and politician, 
h. Belmont Co., O., Feb. 24, 1802. Alliens 
Coll., ()., and Transylv. U., Ky. Adopte.l 
the profession of law, and in 1835 was pros, 
atty. for O. ; gov. of the State in 1838-40, and 
again in 1842-4; was minister to Mcxi o in 
1844; M.C. 185.3-5; Terr. gov. of Kansas 
185.5-July, 1856. He has since practised law 
at Lawrence, Kansas. 

Sharp, Daniel, D.D. (B. U. 1828), Bap- 
tist minister, b. Huddersfield, E»g., Dec. 26, 
1783 ; d. M.I. June 2.3, 1 8.53. In l.'*02 he came 
to America as a commercial agent, and estal)- 
lished himself in N.Y. He had previon'Iy re- 
ceived a good academic education, and, having 
studied theology, took charge of a Baptist 



SH^A. 



818 



eroA. 



con;» in Npff.irk, N. J., in 1809. hut in ISIl 
roni'ivc'1 to Bo-.t >n, anil bi-cnine pastor of tlie 
li'iptist Cliiircli in CImrlcs Street, in which po- 
fition he continiic<l from April 29, 1812, to 
June 23, 1853. An nctiro incmlier of the Ms. 
Mi»>iiiniirr Society, one of the editors of the 
Ainn: liaplist Atafniiii', n founder of the 
Kurthirn Baptist fiducation Society, nnd of 
the Newton Thcol. Sein. His puli. writing's 
ion-i>t entirely of sermons and addresses, of 
wliiih nboiit 20 arc extant. 

Sharpe, William, b. Cecil Co., Md., Dee. 
It, i:4-.>: d. Iredell Co., N.C., July, 1818. At 
21 ho moycd to .Mecklenburj;, X.C. ; was a 
Imyycr, nnd active in the patriot cause. A 
ilclepitc to the I'rov. Congress in 1775-6, and 
of I ho Cont. Congress in 1779-82: aide-de- 
eamp to Gon. riulherfonl in the Indian cam- 
paign of 1776 ; and was one of the commits, 
who made a treaty with them in 1777. 

Sharswood, (Jeoroe, LL.U. (Col. Coll. 

IS5r,), jllri^r, b. Pliil:i. 7 July, 1810. U. of 
r.i. 18JS. Adm. to the I'hila. b;ir 1831 ; app. 
juilge dist. court of I'a. 1845; pres. juilw 
1851-G7; npp. judge Sup. Court of ['a. 1867; 
prof, of the Law School, U.of I'a. Author of 
n work on professional ethics, 8vo, 1854 and 
180)9; " Popular Lectures on Coiid. Law," 
1856; "Lcciures Introd. to the Study of the 
Law," I2nio, 1870; editor of BInckslone's 
Commentaries, Byles on Bills, Starkie on Eyi- 
dence, Kussell on Crimes, Leigh's Nisi I'lius, 
Roscoeon Crim. Evidenco, and Smiih on Con- 
tracts. 

Sharswood, William, Ph. D. (U. of 
Jena 1K5'.)). h. Phila. 18;i>i. U. of Pa. 1856. 
Author of "Si'idin Plii/si>a," 2 parts, 4to ; 
■■ Ek'More," :i drama, 1862, aftcnvard pub. as 
" The IJetmtlied," Svo, 1865 ; " Misc. Writings 
of Wm. Miar>wood," 8vo, yol. i. ; " In Memori- 
BTi." 1862. Contrib. to scientific journals. — 
Atl''>o»e. 

ShattUCk, Aaron T)., landscape-painter, 
b. Prancc^town, N.II., Mar. 9, 18-32. At 19 he 
bcjau to pai'it portraits in Boston; then stud- 
ied at the Acad., Xe\v York ; vi.-ited the White 
Mountains ; then opened a studio in Xew 
York; ^vas favorably noticcil in the exhibition 
in 1856 of the Nat. Acad., and in 1861 Iweame 
an academician. He has painted spirited sea- 
coast scenes, " Sunset on the Lake," " Autum- 
nal View of Audtoseogi,'in Scenery," nnd a 
fine " Glim|>.<c of Lake Champlaiu.'' — Tiicktr- 
tnan. 

Shattuck, (^lEORGE CiiEvsE, M.D. (U. 

oi Pa. 1807), I.I.n. (l).C. 18.53), physician, b 
Tcnipkton. .M-., July 17, 178): d! Boston, 
Mar. 18. l-<54 D.nirn. Coll. 1803. Son of 
Dr. Bcuj (II. U. 1765. b. II Xov. 1742, .1. 14 
Jan. 1791). Mis practice in Boston was exten- 
sive and laciaiive. Pics, of the Ms. Medical 
Soc., member of that of N. II., and of the 
Acad, of Arts nnd Sciences. By his will he 
devised more than S60.(Kio to charitable ol>- 
j.'cts. lie contrib. largely to the library of 
l)artm. Coll., and built, and furnishiil with 
inluahle instruments, its idi«crvatory. Author 
of '•Structure anil Physiol, of the Skin," 18iiS; 
" Causes of Biliary Sccn-tions." 1808; " Yel- 
lo-vK-vr jfGi'.r.iltnr in 1828," 8vo, 1839. 
Shattuck, Llml'el, hi-turical and statis- 



tical writer, b. Ashby, Ms., Oct. 15, 1793; d 
Boston, Jan. 17, 1859. As a ti-ncher he ro 
sided at ynrious times in New Ipswich, TroT, 
Albany, ami Detroit, Mich.; was a merchant 
in Coiicord. Ms., from 1823 to 1833, and after- 
wards n bookseller and publisher in Boston. 
Member of the common council of Boston 
1837-41, and was for some years a representa- 
tive to the Ic^isl. In 1844 he was one of the 
founders, and for five years vicc-pres., of the 
X.E. Historic-Genealogical Society ; and was 
a member of the Amer. Stati'-iicaj .\ssoe , of 
the Amer. Antiquarian and Ms. Ilist. Socie- 
ties. He pub. a " History of Coninnl. Ms.," 
Svo. Boston, 1835; in 1855, "Memorials of 
the Descendants of William Shattuck ; " " The 
Census 1)1 Bosion," 1845 ; " Vital Statistics of 
Boston," 1841 ; and " Keport on the Sani- 
tary Conililion o( iU.," 18,50. 

Shaw, CllARLES, b. Bath, Me., 1782; d. 
juil'.;c of a court at Montgomery, Ala., 1828. 
H.U. 1805. Author of •• Topog. nnd Hist. 
Dcscri|)i. of Bo^ton from its I'iist Settlement." 

1817. He pr.ictiscd law some years in Lincoln 
Co., Me., iK'fore he removed to Ala. He was 
a gooil classical scholar and writer. 

Shaw, Henry W. (•• Jo<h Billings "), 
humorist, b. Laiiesliorough, Berkshire, Ms., 

1818. Grandson of Dr. Samuel (M.C. fi-om 
the Knt!and-Co. dist., Vt., during the war of 
1812), and 8<mof Henry (M.C), whose vote in 
favor of the Mo. Compromise in 1820 terminat- 
ed his political career. His uncle John Savage 
was chief justice ol X.Y. At the nire of 15 he 
Went to the We*t, where he engaged in farming 
anil auctioneering for 25 years ; and ntierwaid 
settled in Poughkeepsie, 5«.Y., in the latter vo- 
cation. He never wrote a line for the public 
until past 45 ye.irs of age ; his lir>t production, 
under the name of "Josh Billings," having 
been written 25 May, 1863. Since then he has 

f)ub. 4 vols, of comic sketcht-s, establishing for 
limsclf a high reputation lor originality, and a 
dei'p in-i'_'ht into hunuin nature. His " Allmi- 
nax " has attained an immense circuldtion ; and 
he is also a successful Ivceum lecturer. 

Shaw, John. capt.'U.S.X.. b. Mt. Mellick, 
Queen's Co.. Ireland, 1773; d. Phila. Sept. 
17.1823. The son of an English officer. With 
only an ordinary edueation, he «ilh nn elder 
bro. emig. to Amer. in Dec. 1790; settled in 
Pliiln. ; adopteil a seafaring life ; ami in 1797 
was master ot a brig sailing to the W. Indies. 
App. lieut. U.S.X. Aug. 3. 1798, on the brcak- 
ing'Oiit of hosiDiiies with France; he he»amc 
niast.r com. May 22. 18CW4; am! capt. Aug. 
27, 1807. He sailed in " 'Ihc Montezuma," 
Capt. Alex. .Murray, in Xov. 1798; and in 
Dec. 1799 took com. of the schooner " Enter- 
prise; " in May, 1800. he took, after a smart 
action, the French privateer " La Seine," nnd 
two weeks later the privateer " }m Citoyenne ; " 
in June he captured " L'Aigle," a privateer of 
nearly wpial foi-ce, after a sh^rt contest ; and 
in July " Lc Flamlieau," a vessel of sii|)erior 
fiii-ce, after one of the warmest ac:ioiiS of the 
war. He ri'achcil home in Jan. 1801. having 
in 6 months captured 8 privateers and Ictters- 
of-nian|ue, and fought 5 spiritcti actions, S 
with yes«cN of superior force. He cruis<d 
ill the Mediterranean iu " The George Wash- 



SUA 



819 



SHE 



in;;ton " in 1801, and in "The John Adams " 
ill ISO.'); in 1814 he com. the sqiiinlion block- 
ndi'd in the Thames between \. London and 
Nornich; in 1816-17 cora. the Mcdiierraneiin 
squadron ; and afterward had charge of the 
iiavv-yaids of Boston and Charleston, S.C. — 
Coopcr^s SdV. Bityj. 

Shaw, John, M.D., poet, b. Annapolis, 
Md., JIa)-4, 1778; d. Jan. 10, 1809,on a vojajje 
from Charleston to the Bahamas. St. John's 
Coll. I79.'>. He studied medicine; was app. 
surgeon in the fleet ordered to Algiers in Dec. 
1798 ; and was sec. to Consul Eaton at Tunis. 
Keturningin 1800, he went in 1801 to pursue his 
Mu<lic8 in Edinb. He sailed with the Earl of 
Selkirk in 1S0.3 to Canada, where that noble- 
man was founding a settlement on St. John's 
I.^land, in Lake St. Clair. In 180.') he returned 
home, and began practice ; ni. in 1807, and re- 
moved to Baltimore. His poems, with a Me- 
moir containing extracts from his foreign cor- 
resp. and journals, were pub. in 1810. He was 
a enntrib. to the Phila. Fort-Foliu. 

Shaw, Lkml-ki., LL.D. (H.U. 1831; B.U. 
1850), an eminent jurist, b. Barnstable, Jan. 
9, 1781 ; d. Boston, March ,10, 1861. H.U. 
1800. Son of Kev. Oakes Shaw. He became 
an usher at the Franklin School, Boston, and 
assist, editor Boston Gazette; studied law; en- 
tered the Sutl'olk bar in Sept. 1804 ; was a 
representative in 1811-16, and again in 1819 ; 
was a valuable member of the State Const. 
Conv. in 18:20; State senator in 1821-2, 1828, 
and 1829 ; and was chief justice of the Ms. Sup. 
Court, Aug. 2.3, 1830-31 Aug. 1860. He 
was undoiibtedlv the profoundest judge since 
Theophilus I'arson^ in N.E. His sagacity and 
penetration were proverbial ; and his influence 
on the bpnch was almost unlimited. A mem- 
ber cf the Acad, of Arts and Sciences, of the 
Ms. Hist., and the N.E. Historic-Genealogi- 
cal Societies. His reported decisions are found 
in the last 16 vols, of Pickering's Reports, and 
in those of Metcalf, Gushing, and Gray, — in all 
ah. 50 vols. Few men have conirib. more to 
the growth of the law as a progressive science. 
In 1822 he prepared the charter for the city of 
Boston. He pub. "Oration, July 4, 1815;" 
" Inaug. Address," 18.30 ; Charge to the 
Grand Jury, Ipswich, 1832; Address at the 
opening of the New Court House, Worcester, 
184.') ; charge to the jury in the trial of I'n.f. 
J. W. Webster. In 1811 he delivered a dis- 
course before the Boston Humane Society. 

Shaw, Oliver, composer and teacher of 
music at Providence, R.I. ; d. there 31 Dec. 
1S48, a. 70. Among the best of his pieces are 
" Mary's Tears," "Nothing True but Heaven," 
" Arrayed in Clouds," and " Home of My 
Soul." — Moon's JCiiri/cl. of Music. 

Shaw, liOuERT GocLD, a philanthropic 
merchant of Boston, b. Gouldsborough, Mc., 
June 4, 1776 ; d. Boston, May 3, 1853. Edu- 
cated in the Boston schools ; subsequently filled 
a situation in the counting-room of his uncle; 
and at the age of 21 engaged in business for 
himself with success, acquiring great wealth, 
which he liberally dispensed. He betjueathed 
SI 10,000 to be set apart at interest by hi.s execu- 
tors until it should amount to $400'000. This 
sum is to be designated the " Shaw Fund," 



and is d' signed to sustain au nistitute or asv 
luin for mariners' children. He alse bequeathed 
SI 0.000 for the purchase of a site for the in->ti 
tution. 

Shaw, Co:.. KoiiERT Gould, grandson of 
the preceding, b. Boston, Oct. 10, 1837 ; killed 
in trie assault on Fort Wagner, July 18, 18C.!. 
H. U. 1860. He was a private in the N.Y. 7;h 
Kegt. in April, 1861; 2d lient. Ms. 2.1, Mav 
28, 1861 ; cai)t. Aug. 10, 1862; and com. the 
first regt. of colored soldiers from a free State 
ever mustered into the U.S. service. Col. .'>4th 
Ms. A]ir. 17, 1863. — lliin: Memorial /Im/s. 

Shaw, Ma.i. SA.MUt:i,, A.A.S., soldier and 
merchant, b. Boston, Oct. 2, 1754 ; d. May :,i), 
1794, on the voyage from Canton to Boston. 
Educated by Master Lovell, and in thccouniing- 
house of his father Francis Shaw. Coninii.-s. 
Jan. 1, 1776, a licut. of art.; he served from 
Dorchester Heiglits to Yorktown ; and at the 
peace was a major of art., and aide-dc camp to 
Gen. Knox, lie went to Canton in Feb. 1784 
as snjjercargo ; on his return in Slay, 1785, 
Gen. Iviiox gave him the post of first sec. of 
t)ie war dept. ; in Feb. 1786 he was app. U.S. 
consul at Canton, and made several voyages 
between Canton and N. York. His Journals, 
with a Memoir by Josiah Quiney, were pub. 
8vo. 1847. 

Shays, D.\xiel, leader of the Shays He- 
hellion in 1 780-7 in Ms., b. Hopkinton,' 1 747 ; 
d. Sparta, N. Y., Sept. 29, 1825. He was an 
ensign in Woodbridgc's regiment at the bat- 
tle of Bunker's IHIl, and attained the rank of 
caj)tain in the lievol. army. Shaj"s, though 
riot prominent in the commcnceinent of the in- 
surrection, was chosen leader of the insurgent;!. 
They complained that the governor's salary was 
too high, the senate aristocratic, the lawyers 
extortionate, and taxes too burdensome to 
bear; and they demanded an issue of [lajier- 
money, and the removal of the Gen. Court to 
Boston. Bodies of armed men interrupted the 
sessions of the courts in a number of counties ; 
and in Dec. 1780, Shays, with a large force, jirc- 
vcntcd the holding of courts at Worcester anrl 
Springfield; in Jan. 1787 he marchcil with ali. 
2,000 men to capture the arsenal at S]iring- 
field; but, being tired upon by the militia unilLr 
Gen. Shepherd, the insurgents fled, the leaders 
making their way to X.H. Shays remained in 
Vt. about a year, and, at his petition, was after- 
ward pardoned, and removed to Sparta, N.Y. 
lie was allowed a pension for services in the 
Revol. war. — Miiiot's Hist, of the Ins. in .!/.<. 

Shea (sha), John Augustus, b. Cork, Ire- 
I.and, 1802; d. New York, Aug. 15, 1845. 
Eniig. to the U.S. in 1827, and was editor and 
contrib. to mags, and newspapers iti N.Y., 
Phila., and Georgetown, D.C. Author of 
" Rudekki," a romance in verse, 1826 ; 
" Adolph, and Other Poems," 1831 ; " Parnas- 
sian Wild-Flowers," 1836; " Clontarf," 1843, 
"Poems," 1846, 12mo, posthumous, pub. by 
his .son George Aug. Slica. — Altilione. 

Shea, John Gilmarv, LL.D., author, b. 
N.Y'. City, July 22, 1824. Educated to the 
law, and adin. to the bar ; be ba<, however, rb- 
voted himself chiefly to historical studies. Ho 
edited 7 vols, of the Hist. Muij. (1859-05) ; ed. 
and pub. Irom early MSS. the Cramoisy s» 



she: 



820 



8HCK 



rie* of " Memoirs nml Rdutions concerning 
the French Colonies in X.A.." 20 vols. 1S5T- 
62 ; iind " The Lilirarv of American Linguist- 
ics," a scries of gmmmura anil iliciionurics of 
American langaii(;cs, of which 13 volt, have 
been pub. Author of " The Discovery and 
ENploniiion of the Missis.^ippi Valley, " 8vo, 
1853 ; " Hist, of the Catholic Missions among 
the Indian Tribes of the U.S.," 1854 ; " I'crils 
of the Ocean and Wilderness," 1857; " Early 
Voyai;es up and down the Mpi.," 1862; " Tlic 
Fallen Brave," biof;rapliics of officers who have 
lalkn in the war liir the Union ; "The Catholic 
Chnn-h in the U.S.," 1856; "The Catholic 
Authors of Amer.," 8vo, I85S; "Life of St. 
An^'chi Mirici of Brescia," ICmo, 1857 ; " Le- 
gendary Hist, of Irelanil," 1857. A series of bi- 
ographies of Catholic missionaries kilh-d on the 
Indian missions in the U.S., which npp. in the 
l.'alholk Miii/., were coll., revise<l, and pub. in 
Oermanv. He has edited Wasliinginn'sl'rivato 
Diaries,' 1861; Miller's N.Y. in 16M; .Viru.ii 
Lli lii'ium, 1 862 ; " Operations of the French Fleet 
under Dc Grnssc in 1781-2," 1864 ; " The Lin- 
coln Jlemorial," 1864, &c. ; the VallioHr Almo- 
tmr; Frank Leslie's periodicals. (.)f his traus- 
hiiion with notes of Charlevoi.x's " Hist, of New 
France" (6 vols.), 5 vols. (1860-71) have app. 

Sbeaffe, Sir Uogeu U.vle, a gen. in ilio 
British armv, b. Boston, 15 Julv, 17u;j; d. 
Edinburgh, l'" July, 1851. Son of Win. (dcp. 
coinpc. of customs at Boston), who d. 1772, and 
Susannah (dau. of Thos. Child), who d. Aujj. 
1810. Earl Percy, whose quarters were at Ins 
mother's house in Boston, procured for him a 
military education, an>l a comniiss. in the 5th 
Foot in May, 1778. lie lieeame a licut.<'ol. 
in 1798; served in Holland in 1799; in the ex- 
pcd. to the lialiic in 1801 ; nnij.-gen. 4 June, 
ISll ; served in Canada in 1812-13 ; com. the 
British forces alter the fall ol tien. Broik at 
CJiieenstown, wlnrc he deleated the American 
troops who had crossed the Niagara, and lor 
this service was made a ban. 16 Jan. I Si:). 
iJefended York (now Toronto) when attacked 
ill Apr. 1S13. Full gen. 28 June, 1838. 

Shedd, William Greenocoii TH.4rER, 
n 1)., clergvman, b. Acton, Ms., June 21, 
18iO. Vt. U. IS!9; And. Tlieol. Sein. 1843. 
He became pa.stor of the Cong, church in Bran- 
don. Vi., in 1844; prof, ol l-.ng. lit. in the U. 
ol Vt. in 1843; of saired rhetoric in Aub. 
Theol. Scm. in 1852; and in 1854 prof of 
e.inreh hisiory nt Andover. In 1862 he was in- 
Rlalled assist, pastor of the I'resb. (" Brick ") 
church in N.Y. ; in 1863 pi-of of biblical litera- 
ture Union Theol. Scm., N.Y. City. He has 
edited and pub. a translation of Theremin's 
" lihetorii-,' N.Y. 1850. 2d edit., with introd. 
essay, 18.59; Coleridge's works, with intro<l. 
ess.iy, 7 vols., N Y. 18.53; " Di.sconrses and Es- 
says," IS56; "Lectures on the I'lidosophy of 
Hist.," 1356; tran-1. of Ciueriekc's "Church 
lli-t.." 2 vols. 1857-63 ; Augustine's " Confes- 
sions," with introd. essay, I860: " History of 
Christian Doctrine," 2 vols. 8vo. 1863 ; " 1 rea- 
lise on Homiletii-s," 8vo, 1867; " Ortho.lox 
Cong, and the C(.rijl. Sects," 1871 ; and con- 
trib. to various theol. reviews. 

Shelby, Is.\ac. soldiir and statesman, b. 
near lla-cisto«ii, .Md., 11 Die. 1750; d. Lin- 



.<dn Co, Ky., 18 Ju'y, 1.020. Of WeUh ex- 
traction. Son of (in. Evan Shelby. He rc- 
ccivcil an onlinary F.ng. education, and Ixrame 
a surveyor in Western Va. In 1774 he was a 
lieut. in his father's company at ilie battle with 
the Indians at Pi. Pleasant, S'a. ; capi.in 1776; 
anp. commissary in 1777; niemlxr uf ihc b- 
gisl. of Va. in 1779, and cmnmiss. a nmj.'r by 
Got. JefTcrson ; col. in 1780; and at t'fdar 
Spring, ill conjunction with Sevier and Clarke, 
inflicted severe loss on Mnj. Ferguson, the dar- 
ing British partisan, whom he del'caii-<l in the 
battle at King's Mountain, 7 Oct. 178ii. 'I'hc 
force he com. here consisted of undi-cip)incd 
riflemen ; and to Shelby belongs the merit of 
originating this im{>"rtanl exjied., which exer- 
cised such a powerful inflniura u|ion the rvsull 
of the war in the South. He was in the action 
of Mn.sgrovc's Mills ; served in ilie eam|>aign of 
17«1 under Marion; was in the skirini>h at 
Monk's Comer, and siibsenuenily joined Greene 
with 500 niiiunted vols. Menilier of ihe legisl. 
of N.C. 1781-2, and received fiom that Ixidy a 
vote of thanks and a s»ord. In 1798 he in. 
and settled at " Travellers' Rest," Lincoln Co , 
Ky. After the separation of Ky. from Vo., 
and the formation of n consiiintion for the fur- 
mer State by a convention of which he was a 
member, he was gov. in 1792-6, and again in 
1812-16. In 1813, at the head of 4.(H):) men, 
he joined Gen. Harrison, whom he aided in tlio 
victory of the Thami-s. For his bravery at 
that battle. Congress honored him with a gold 
medal. App. sec. of war by Monroe in 1817, 
he declined on account of his a^e. In 1818 he 
acted as a cominiss. in conjunction with Gen. 
Jackson in forming a treat . with the Chicka- 
saw Indians, A county in Ky , and a <oll. nt 
Shelbyville, pcr|K'tuate his name. His son 
Gen. Jamls, a in:J. in the cani|iaign of 1813, 
b. 1784. d. .Sept 1848. 

Sheldon, David Ni^wtox, D D. (B.U. 
1847), elergiman, b. Snllield, Cl., June 2fi, 
1807. Wilis Coll. 18.30. Newton Theol. 
Seni. Baptist missionary to France in 1835-9, 
chiefly in Paris and vicinity, lie returned 
home', and was for 2 years pastor of a Bnpti.«t 
church in llalilax. N.S. In the spring of 
1842 he became pastor at Waterville. Me. ; and 
from 1843 to 1853 was pres. of Waterville Coll. 
Pastor of the Elm-st. (Uapiisi) Church, Bath, 
till 1856, when he was excominunieatc<l from 
it on a charge of heresy ; and in Sept 1857 t>e- 
canie pastor ol the Sumnierst. (L'nitariaii) 
Church, Bath; and since 1862 pastor at Wa- 
terville, Me. Many years a contrib. to the 
Chrislldii Hrrinc : has pub. oeiasional sermons, 
and, since his change in theo! views, " Sin and 
Iledeniiiiiiin," a vol. of disconr-es, NY. 1856. 

Shellabarger, Samiel, M.C. 1861-3 and 

186.-.-TI, b. (.lark Co., O., in Dee. 1817. 
Miami U., O., 1S41. Lawyer, nicmlxr Ohio 
legisl. 1852-3, and a proiniin nt Kepublican. 

Shelton, FiiEDERio William, LI. D., 
author, b. Jamaica, L. I., N. Y., 1814. N.J. 
C^oU. 1834. Ord. to the Ejiis. ministry in 
1847, he has l>een successively settled nt Hurl- 
ington, L.I.. at Fishkill on 'the llinlson, and 
ntMontpelier, Vt., whither he went in 1854. 
He has jiub. " The Troll.ipiad, or Travelling 
Gentleman in America," N.Y., 183", u satire: 



SliE 



821 



SHE 



" Salander niid the Drafroii," a romance, 1851 ; 
" Clirv^laliiiie, or tlie Heiress of Fall-down 
Castle," 1S54; " The Ueetor of St Bardolph's, 
or Superannuated," 1833; "Up the River," 
1853, a series of rural sketches, ori;^inally con- 
trib., like many of his writing's, to tlie Kniclcer- 
bocker Mil;/. ; and " Peeps Irom the Belfry, or 
the Parish Siictch-Book," 1855. He has also 
puh. two lectures on " The Goki-Mania," and 
" T!ie Use and Ahuse of Rea>on." 

Shepard, Charles Upha.m, M.D., LL.D., 
plivsieist, I). Little Corapton, U. 1., June 29, 
1SU4. Amh. Coll. 1824. He received at Cam- 
bridge a year's instruction of Thomas Nuttall, 
and, after giving private lessons in botany and 
mineralogy for some months in Boston, was 
for 2 years an assist, in the laboratory of Prof. 
Silliman at Y.C. He then took charge for one 
year of an institution at New Haven for furnish- 
ing the citizens with popular lectures on science. 
In 1832-3, under a commission from the U.S. 
govt., he investigated the culture and manuf. 
of sugar in the Southern States, the results of 
which are embodied in Prof. Silliman's report 
to the sec. of the treasury in 1833. Lecturer 
on nat. history in Y. Coll. in 1830-47 ; prof. 
of chemistry in the Charleston Med. College, 
S.C., in 1854-61; in 1835 he was app. associ- 
ate of Dr. Pcrcival in the State geol. survey of 
Ct. ; prof, of chemistry and natural history in 
Amh. Coll. in 184-5-52. In the investigation 
of minerals and meteorites Prof. S. has ex- 
plored the greater part of N. Auicr., and has 7 
times visited Europe. His collection of min- 
erals and meteorites at Amh. Coll. is the best 
in the U.S., and is only surpassed by those of 
the British Museum and the Imperial Cabinet 
of V'ienna. Besides scientific papers in period- 
icals, addresses, pamphlets, &c., he pub. in 
1832 his " Treatise on Mineralogy," of which 
a 3d ed., greatly enlarged, appealed in 1855 ; 
and in 1837 a Report on the lieology of Ct. — 

Shepard, Samuel, D.D. (Un. Coll. 1819), 
Cong, pastor of Lenox, Ms., from .30 April, 
1793, to his d. 5 Jan. 1846, b. Chatham (now 
Portland), Ct., Nov. 19, 1772. Y.C. 1793. 
He was in 1834—16 vice-pres., and many years 
one of the trustees, of Wms. Coll. His pulpit- 
oratory was of a high order, and he pub. some 
occasional serinons. 

Shepard, Thomas, clergyman and author, 
b. Towcoter, England, Nov. 5, 1605 ; d. Cam- 
bridge, Ms., Aug. 25, 1649. Educited at 
Eman. Coll., Camb. On obtaining his degree 
of A.M. in 1627, he became u preacher at 
Earls Coin, Essex, remaining until silenced 
for nonconformity in 1630. After passing 
some time " with the kind family of the llarla- 
kendcns," he removed to Buttcrcrambe, near 
York, where he resided in the family of Sir 
Richard Darby, whose dau. be m., and preached 
in the vicinity until again silenced. Alter a 
similar result at Hcddon, Northumberland, he 
resolved to emigiate to N. England. He sailed 
from Gravesend with Messrs. Wilson and- 
Jones in " The Defence," which landed them 
safely at Boston, Oct. 3, 1635. Succeeding 
Messrs. Hooker and Stone as niinister.of Cam- 
bridge, Ftb. 1, 10'!6, he remained there till his 
death. He was active in founding Harv. Coll., 



and was one of its most efficient patrons. Its 
location at Cambridge was due to him. He 
imb. "Theses Sabbaticic," "The Matter of 
the Visible Church," " The Cliurch-JIember- 
ship of Little Children," a letter entitled 
" New England's Lamentation for Olil Eng- 
land's Errours," several sermons, " The Sinccje 
Convert," "The Sound Believer," and "The 
Parable of the Ten Virgins Opened," pub. alter 
his death in a folio volume. The two latter, 
with his " Jleditations and Spiritual Experi- 
ence," and a treatise on EvangcHical Coiivir- 
sion, have been lately reprinted in Eng. in a 
]iopular form. Shepard's Aulobiog. was fir-t 
piinted in 1832 for the Sbepiird Cong. Society 
at Cambridge. It also appears in Youn::'s 
" Chronicles." His works were pub. Boston, 
1853, 3 vols. 8vo. A MS. vol. by him is in 
the library of the N. E. Historic-Geneal. Soc, 
Boston. 

Shepard, Oes. William, b.Dcc. 1, 1737; 
d. Wcstfield, Ms., Nov. 11, 1817. He served 
si.K years in the Provincial army (1757-63); 
was a captain under Amherst, and was in the 
battles at Fort Wm. Henry and Crown Point. 
Entering the Rcvol. army as lieut.-col. in Col. 
T. Danielson's regt., he was transferred to Col. 
Learned's regt.; was in 1777 app. col. of the 
4lh Ms. Regt., and continued in the service 
with the reputation of a brave and efficient 
officer till 1783, participating in 22 engage- 
ments. Summoned from his farm by the 
Shays Insurrection in 1786, at which time he 
was a brig. -gen. of militia, ho prevented the in- 
surgents from capturing the arsenal at Spring- 
field. Member of the exec, council in 1788-90, 
and held other public trusts. He was a major- 
gen, of miliiia, and M.C. in 1797-1803. Like 
many of bis brave companions in arms, he 
was in his old age poor and destitute, an obitu- 
ary notice speaking of his equanimity tmder 
'• Belisari:iii " sufferings. 

Shepherd, Nathaniel G., poet and ar- 
tist, b. .Wnv York, 1835; d. there iMay 23, 
1869. He studied in his native city; taught 
wriiiiig and drawing in Ga.several years, and, 
on bis return lo New York, engaged in the ins. 
business, devoting his leisure to study and to 
poetry. As a war corresp. for the Tribune, he 
visited Va. and the vicinitv of Fort Sumter, 
returning in the fall of 1863. " The Dead 
Drummer-Boy," which appeared in Unifier's 
Mwjaziiie, was one of the finest poems of the 
war. He wrote successfully for the periodicals 
ami illii«trateil papers of the day. 

Shepherd, Oliver Lathrop, brev. brig.- 
gen. U^S. A., I). N. Y. West Point. 1840. 
Entering the 3d Inf., he became 1st lient. 3 
Nov. 1843 ; capt. 1 Dec. 1847 ; licut.-eol. (18th 
Inf.) 14 .May, 1861; col. (15th) 21 Jan I8G3. 
He served in the Florida war 1841-2; in the 
Mexican war in the battles of Palo Alto, 
Resaca de la i'alma ; was brev. capl. 20 Aug. 
1847 (for Contreras and Cburubusco); and 
major 13 Sept. 1847 (for Chajiultepee) ; was 
engaged against the Apache Indians in Mar. 
1856; in the Gila expcd. 1837; was engaged 
in the Teun. an<l M pi. campaign, Dec. 1861- 
June, 1862 ; and in the siege of Corinth, rout 
of Confcd. camp, 17 .May; pursuit of Confeds 
to Baldwin, Jlpi., May 30-31 ; in BucH's cam- 



Biim 



822 



skil: 



pni^jn in Ky. July-Scpt. 1862; in fun. Ro>o- 
cruiiz's Ti'iin. cuin|>ui;;n, com. « liri;;«ilt (if 
iv;;nlars in bank- ol Siuno UiviT.tl l)ir. lSfi2, 
forwhicli l.iLV. 1,1 i-.-;;fn. U.S.A. 1.) .\1 ir. 1SG5; 
l.ivv. ci.1. 17 .Mnv, 1802, for sii-gc of Corintli, 
M|.i. ; r llrnlJiiiv 1.5, 1870. — r,i,7,„„. 

Sheploy, Ivrnin, M. 1). (D.C. 1845), 
jiul^'c iiiiU M'niitor, li. (ji-oton, .Ms., Nov. a, 
17S'J. Danni. Coll. 1811. lie ronmu'ncwl the 
]>riicliio of law in Siu-o, Imt snliswini-nilv .-ct- 
licl ill I'orilrtn.l ; was in ihc .M.s If;;!^!. in iSl'J ; 
ii MK-iuU-rnf tlic.M-. Const. Con v. in \f-J(i: was 
in 18il-3.'l U.S. ai'y. for .Me. ; was L' S. sena- 
tor in 18.!:)-6; Svpl" 23, 18.I6, lie was ihosiMi a 
justiiv of llic Sn|>ri'mc Conrt of Mv. ; an.l t let. 
i!0, 1848, iliicf jnsiii-c. wliirli posiiion he held 
iiniil 1833. While on the hcneli. he furnisliid 
material for 26 vols, of Iteporis, and, as s(de 
coniini>.sioner, was a)>p. to revise the statutes 
of Ml'.. puMished 1837. 

Shepley, Gkorge Foster, son of the pre- 
ceding, li. Suio, Me.Jan. 1, 1819. Darini Coll. 
18.'I7. lie MUilied at the Ilarvaril Law School 
and ai I'ortland; bc^an to practise law at Ban- 
p<)r in 1 840 ; niuoved to Portland, and, under 
Pies. Polk, was app. U. S. dist.-atiy., which 
post he held till 1861. When civil war broke 
ont, he became col. 12th Me. Vols., and, lakin); 
part in Gen. Bnller's cxjied., acicd as com. of 
a bri.;ade. On the sun-ender of N. , Orleans, 
he was made commandant of the city, and July 
18, 1862, brifT.-gen., and niilit.iry pov. of ha. 
from .June 2, 1862, to 1864; miiit. -lov.of Rich- 
mond, Va., on its surrender 3 Apr. 1863. Re- 
signed July 1, 1865, and resumed practit-e in 
Portland. 'Now (1871) U.S. cia-. judge 1st 

Sbeppard, Jons II., b. Ciivnccster, Enjr., 
Mar. 17. I7!i"j. II.LM80S. His [mrcnts came 
to AmiMica in 179:1, and sctlleJ at Hallowell, 
Me. Adm. to the Me. bar in 1810; settled in 
Wiscassct ; was re^'ister of probate for Lincoln 
Co. 1S17-.34; removed to Boston 1842; libra- 
rian X. E. II. G. Soc. 1861-9. -Xnthor of a 
" Life of Com. Tucker of the Revol. Navy," 
12mii, 1868; of contribs. to the \.E.l/.<;. AV- 
qiftrr ; of several Masonic addresses ; " Vindi- 
cation of Masonry," 1831 ; an elc^-y on Betij. 
Van;:ban. LL.I).; and of occa>ionai and other 
fu;;ilive poems. 

Sherbrooke, Sir John Coai-e, a British 
ecu.; d. Feb. 14, 1830, at Calvcrton, Notts. 
App. a c:ipt.Hiu in 1783; lieut.-col. 1794; col. 
1798; lieut.cin. 1811; col. of the ,3.3d, 1818 ; 
full lien. May, 1825. He distini;. himself in the 
t.ikinp of Si-rinpapnlam in 1797. In 1809 he 
was app. to the staff of the army-in the Penin- 
sula; and at the battle ot Talnvera was second 
in c«>ininand. For his conduct in that situation 
he was app. soon afterwards lieut.-sov. of 
Nova Scotia ; and from there he was removed, 
in the lie;;iiiiiin;; of 1816, to iheuovt.of Lower 
Canada. He rctume<l to Kn^land in Aug. 
1818. 

Sherburne, Andrew, a pensioner of the 
Riuil. iiavv. ttf:erwar(l< a B.iptisi minister, h. 
Rve. N. II.,' Sept. .30, 1765 ; d Au-usta. Onrida 
Co.. N'.Y., niter March, 1831. Author of an 
Auiobio;:raphy, pub. in 1828; 2d ed. Provi- 
dence, 1831. r2ino. 

Sherburne, Col. Henrt, Revol. ofliaT, 



d. (olleetor of Newpoit, 1824. N. ,1. Coll. 
1759. Mnj. in Vanium's rept , and taken pris- 
oner at the '■ Cedars;" nllerwartls a col. in the 
army ; comniiss. to settle the accounts of R I. 
with the U.S. ; tvpnsctitalive of Newport in 
the R I. .Assembly, and treas.of R.I. 1792-1818. 
Sherburne, t'liL. John Hexry, n-pister 
of the mivv dept. Wa-bmnton, D.C, 1825, b. 
Porismoulli, N.H. Son of Judgr Jidin Sam- 
uel. Author of" I,ife of Paul Jones," 8vo, 1823; 
" Tourist's Guide in Euro|ie,"8vo, 1847; "Sujc 
pressetl History of the .Vdministration of John 
Adams, 1797-i80l." 1846 ; "Osceola." a tra- 
pecly ; " Naval Sketches ; " " Erratic Poems ; " 
" Eiiipictlr." 

Sherburne, John Samuel, judge, b. 
Portsmouth, N.H., 1757; d. 2 Au-. 1830. 
Damn. Coll. 1776. He attended the II. Coll. 
JjAw .School. Sirvol us aide to Gen. Whipple 
in the Itevol. war, ami lost his left le;; by a can- 
non-shot at the battle of Butt's Hill, I'M., 29 
Auc. 1778. Judj?; N II. Sup. Ct. ; M.C. 1793- 
7: U.S. diiii.-attv. 18(.i|-t ; judge U.S. Dist. 
Ct. 1804-30. 

Sheridan, I'll I LIP I lE>'RT,Iieut.-gen. U.S. 

A., b. .Simieiset. Perry Co., O., Mar. 6, 1831. 
West Point, 1833. Entering the 1st Inf., he 
served in Texas until in 1853 he joined the 4th 
Inf., with which he served in Oregon, rvceiiing 
special mention for gallantry in action with the 
Indians at the Casi'nd.s of the Columbia, Apr. 
28, 1836, and for meritorious comliict in the 
settlement of the dilfieulty with the Co«piillo 
Indians on Yakima Bay. C.ipt. 13ih Inf. May 
14, 1861 ; prcs. ol the milit. commiss. to audit 
claims in Mo. during the summer of li"61 ; 
Dec. 24, 1861, made ipinrtrrmiister and chief 
commissary of the .\rmy ol the .Si,uih-we*r ; tak- 
ing the sainediities on the stall of Gen. Hailcck 
at Corinth, May 10. 1SG2. App. i-ol. 2d Mich. 
Cav. May •>, he look part in the siiicesslnl 
exnol. to'dcstrx>y the MoUle and O. Railroad 
at Booneville, Mpi ; dcleatcJ Forrest's cavalry, 
June 6 ; look com. of the 'Jd brig, of ca«ii!ry, 
with which he n'pnlsed and deit'ated a superior 
Coiifed. force under Chalmers at Booneville, 
July I, the date of his commission of brig.-g\-ti. 
In Aui: he dcfeatol Faulkner's C«y. near Uien- 
li, Mpi. ; Sept. 2<> ho tiBik com. of the 3d div. 
of the Army of the Ohio; and Oct. I he was 
tninsfcrred to the 1 1th division, which he led at 
Perryville. In the advance to .Mnrfreesboroii;;h, 
Dec. 26, he led a divi.sion nnder Gen. M'Cook, 
and conlribuied gix-ntly to the suic«s«ful issue 
of the battle of Stone River ; maj.-gen. vols. 
Dec. 31. 1862. He rvniderwl signal .s<-rvice at 
the l>altli's of Mission. Ridge ami Chi<-knniaiiga ; 
was transf. to the Army of the Pottnnac as 
chief of cav. 4 Apr. 1864; routed the Confed. 
cav. in several engagx-ments; .Aug. 1, 1864. was 
dcuiched to the Shmandoah VaMev; defealeil 
Early at Win.hcster Sept. 19. Fisher's Hill | 

Sept' 22. and at Ce<lar Civck Oct. 19, where 1 

he turned disaster into victory ; and Hnally, in 
ci>-o|>cnitioii with Gen. Grant, couii'clletl Lee's 
surrender at Ap|>oinaito\ C H., alter gaining; 
the decisive victory of Five Forks. .\pr. 1. 1865, 
and capturing ab. 6.iN'0 men at Sailor's Creek, 
April 6. After the war he performetl valuable 
scnicc in Texas and La., enforcing the recon- 
struction acts, for which he was removed ht 



saB 



823 



SHE 



l•tL^«. .lolinson in Aiijr. 1867 BriL'-^ien. U.S.A. 
■M Sepi. 1804; in.ij -gt-n. 8 Nov. ISW ; Ikui.- 

Sherman, Charles R.juri.st 1.. Norwa.k, 
Ct 26 S.'pt. 1788; <1. Li^banon, ()., 24 June, 
1 8->9. Son ol Tavlor Shonnan, w.ll kuown in 
ilie iKjlitical and livil annals ot Ct. C-iark'» 
U. sittlcd in Fairhc.a Co., O., m 1810, m the 
practice of the law. He was em.ne.jlly snc- 
cesslul at th. bar. and soon had a wulo-*prcnd 
ivputation and practice. He held the otncc of 
rc?ennc collector lor FairrtWd Co., Imt iK^arac 
poor throu-h the frauds of his depui s. Jiid;;c 
of the Su|K Court of Ohio tro.u 1 2o to hi.- d. 
,Iud.-c Sherman left [hl■-e^ons, — W lu. ieeiim- 
sch,1iow u-en.-in-chief U.S.A. ; John, now L.S. 
senator tro.n O. ; Charles T., now Ij.b. dist. 
iud'^e Northern Dist. ol Ohio. 

Sherman, Joii>r, minister of Watcrtown, 
Ms., fi-on. 1047 to his d. A«!.. 8 168^ 1.. IMl- 
hain, Kn.-., 26 Dec. 1613. A.M. ol Cauib. U., 
En- IGM. Hi, I'nritanisui took him to ^. 
En", in 16:54. He pivaehrd sonjc time m U 
and was chosen a nia-istrate ot that Co.ony J7 
May, 1 64 1 . He war a di -ting, divine, an emi- 
nent mathcm.uieian, and pnh. a nninberot alma- 
nacs enriched with pious r, lleetion.-. He was a 
fellow of H.U., ami delivered lectures th re. 

Sherman, John, grand>on ot Koger, d. 
N Ihfve^Ct. 1772; d. Aug. 2, 1828 at the 
" Rural Uesort," Trenton Falls, N.\., built by 
him in 18'2. Y.O. 1792. Pastor ot the Iirst 
Chu'h Mansfie.d, Ct., Nov '797-Oct. 1805 
and of the Unitarian church, Trentoii i alU, for 
a short time from Mar. 9, 1806. Author ol 
"One God in One Person Omy, &e., 8vo, 
1805 the Iirst formal and elaborate defence 
of Unitarimisra that appeared in >-J:-; ^ 
View of Eccles. Proceedings in W mdha.n 
Co " 1800 ; " Philosoiihy of Language Illus- 
trated," 1826; "Description ol Trenton ialls, 
J>' V "18''7. — Simiiiue. 

Sherman, Johm, statesman, son of Chas. 
R.,and bro. of Gen. Wra. T., b. Lancaster O., 
May 10, 182.). Adm. to the bar in 1844 ; delc- 
. TJ. to <l.e Whig convs. of 1844 and '48 ; MC. 
T855-61 ; U.S. senator since ISOl. A leading 
member of the finance committee tluyugh the 
civil war, and for some time its chairman. 
Sherman and Thad. Stevens were the authors 
of the l>ill enacted in lfOG-7 tor the recon- 
struciion of the .secvded States. 

Sherman, Rogfj., ^^"'^^'- of the Decl ol: 

I.idep., b. Newton, Ms., Apr. 19, 1-21 , d. >lw 
Haven, Ct., July 23, 1793. He was a sho.- 
in.ik' r till alter he was 22 years old and alt.r 
his lather's death in 1741 supported his mother 
and -several vounger children, devoting all his 
l,.i-ure to stiidv, .specially of mathematics. In 
1743 he went to N. Millbrd, Ct., and soon after- 
ward joined an c'.der bro. in keeping a small 
B.ore; in 1745 he was app. county survey-or of 
lands, and for several years Ironi ,48 fur- 
nished the astronomical calculations lor an al- 
manac- mib in N.Y. Having studied law, he 
was adm. to the bar in 1734; was s.nvral limes 
elected to the Assembly; and m 759 was app. 
judge of the C.C.P. He reinov.d to >. lav.-n 
fn 1761 ; Ix'camc judgeof C.C.P. there ml , 05 ; 
an i.s'^ist. in 1766, holding the latter office 19 
years, and the judgeship till 1789, a portion ot 



the time on the bench of the Superior Court ; 
in 1774 he was app. a memb r ul Congr. S3, 
a post in which be comiiiiied till Ins de;uli, at 
which time he held a seat in the L.S. s nate; 
he WHS a so a member of the council ot salecy, 
and, Irom 1734 tUl his death, mayor ol New 
Haven; and he was m;in/ years tr -a . ot i .C. 
In the Congress of 1776 he wasoii of th com. 
app. to draught the Dicl. of Indep. ; and dur- 
i-i" thewu- he served on many important coiu- 
mktces, and was successively a meinSer of tlri 
board of war and ordnance, and ot the board ot 
tr.'a.urv. In 17v-3 he was a-sociaKU wiui an- 
otli r judge in codifying the laws of Ct. He 
had bein one of the com. which framed tiie o d 
Articles of Co-.if.Klvr.ition, and wa3 one ot the 
most ellicient mcnibL-rs of the Const, tonv. ot 
17 7 and was chieliv instrumental in seeming 
the raiilieation of the Constitunon by the State 
Conv. of Ct. His scrvi.es to the country were 
invaluable. He wa- a man of great common 
sense, and, according to Jel.crsou, never saU 
a lboli.-h tiling i;i his lile.'' 
Sherman, Uogeu Minot, LL.D. [\A-. 

1S291, jurist, b. Woburn, Ms.. Mav 22, U.3; 
d. Fairriell, Ct., Dec. 30, 1844. \.C. 1-92; 
tutor there in 1795. A nephew ot the preced- 
iu". Adm. to the bar in 1796, and opened an 
oliico in Faiiiield, wIkiv he jiassed the re.-t of 
his lite soon obtaining an honoralilc and lu- 
crative'pr.u-tice. Member of the Gen Assem- 
bly in 179- ; of the SRite sen.ate in 1814-1> ; a 
do'le-ate in 1814 to the Hartford Convention ; 
jud'"^c of the Superior Court and the Scpreme 
Coiu-t of Errors, May, 1840-2. 

Sherman, Thom.vs \\ .. brev. m.-ijor-gen. 
U^ A b NcwTOii, 1M-, 20 Mar. 1813. West 
Point, 1836. Entering 3d Art., he lij.ame 1st 
Ueut. Mar. 14, 1838; capt M ,y 28, 1846; hrcv. 



fsOS; retired niaj.-gen. 31 l?cc. 8.0, He 
com. a division in the battk ot 1 uU l!"". aoJ 
the land-forces of the Port-Hoyal e.xpc.l. 1861- 
2 landing at Hilton Head Nov.7,1761 ; m Mar. 

1862 he was sui^rsedeil by Gen. Hunter, a.t.r 
which he was ordered to the army '■"Sl''- 1^>"- 
Halkck belbre Corinth. He com. a div. above 
N Orleans Sept. 18G2-May, 186.1; coin.2ddiv. 
19th corps in siege of Port Hudson, andjost a 
leer in the a-saiilt of the works there 2- Slay, 
18'g3; brev. brig.-gen. and inaj.-gen. 13 Mar. 

1863 for capture of Port lludson and lor 
merit, services in the war.— A. h- U. O. Itiy., 

Xxiv. 163. _ T r lA 

Sherman, William Ti;clmskh, LL.D.. 
gefS'b. Mansfield, O. 8 Feb. 1820. 
West Point, 1840. Son ol Jud-e (h.ulc, 
R a .lescen.lant of Samuel, wh.i came li-om 
Es'sex Co.. Kng.. in 16.i4 un.l setile.l m. Cr 
and broth.T <.f Senator J.;lm Sliennan, 11 > 
mother was Mary Hoyt. His la.l.ei; dyii.jr in 
1829 he was adopted by lliomas hwmg, .\l,t ., 
d,ose dan. KUei, he m. in Mav 1830. L.itcr- 
ing the 3d Art., he served in Ha.; became l=t 
li.'l.t. in Nov. 1841 ; was made '•■-"■""^- 'f 
(rank of capt.) 27 Sep.. 1850; j;'^^"-'"':'' ^„=';l'': 
18.33; became a broker m Sun l-iancisco, 
nf.erwnr.l practise.! law in Leavenworth, ivs. , 
ui.d in ISbO became oupt. of a new miolary 



SHE 



?24 



SHI 



aciid founded hy the Stal8 of La., ivsi;;ning 
wlii'it (lie M.-cc.v.ion onliniinccwiis parsed In Jan. 
18G1. A|.|i. lol. I.'lili U.S. Inf. Mav U. he 
coin, a hiipide nt ihe iMittle nf Bull Uiin, Julv 
21 ; K.i* niiide hrij^.-jri'ii. of vol.s. from May 17, 
and sni-ceidetl G.-n. Anderson in eoni. of the 
dopt. of Ky. Oct. 8, 1K61. When «^kcd bv 
ihe »«•. of war how many men he should re- 
quire, he replied, " 6(1,0(10 lo drive ihe cneinv 
from Ky., and 200,O.K) lo Hni>li ihe war in this 
seeiion." Ilisesiimate »ns considered as wildly 
cxirnv«:;iini ; and he wa-i n-ported insine, anil 
relicvrtl from the com. t\b. U, 186J, he look 
cjin. ol the Sih ili\ isi.m ol Gen. Grant's Armv 
of the Teiin. Uis -ervices al Shiloh, Apr. 6-7, 
Were thus aeknowled-ed hy Grant : " On the 
first day he held with raw troops llie kev-|i«int 
01 Ihe landing'. . . . To his individual elforls I 
am indehiid fur the snec■e^s ol that haitlc." 
He was wouiideil in the hand, and had three 
horses shot under him. Made inaj.-uen. I Mav, 
and was prominent in the sie^'cof Corinth, rfe 
com. at M. nipliis from July to Nov. 1><62. In 
the Vieksliur;; eampaiiin, wliieh he^nn in Dee., 
he com. the first division, aud aitenr|ited, nn- 
sueeessluliy (Dec. i7), to capture that place 
Ironi the north side. He rendered im^tonant 
services in sevcnd battles precedin-; the sie"x', 
and cimi. one ol the 3 corps which maile an 
un-uccessful assault on tlic works. Mav 22. 
After the surrender of Viefcsbur};, 4 July,"lS63, 
Sherman nnir, hed aj;ainsi Gen. Johnston, and 
Oicnpied Jackson, from which the cncniv were 
d' iveii July 17. App. com. of the ilept."ot the 
Tenn. in Oct. IS6.J, he j.)ini-d Grant ai Cliat- 
l.nnooya ah. Nov. 15; he occupied .Mission. 
Kidye on Ihe 24ih; ivndeix-d valuable sirvices 
at the Iwttle of ( hattanooya, Nov. 23 ; and ira- 
nicdiately moved to the relief ol Biiriiside, ivho 
was liCsie^Ttl at Knoxville. The cnciiiv raised 
the sie,i::e, ami fled on his approach. Arrivinj; 
at Memphis in Jan. 1864. he marched Irom 
Vicksburj eastwaid, deslroviii}; the ndlroads ; 
ami, ah. Feb. 14, entered M.-ridian, destrovins 
llepot.s arsenals. &e. App. in .Maivli, 1864, to 
com. the military division of the Mpi. ; May 6, 
1S64, he moved from Chatiamnv^ra wi(h the 
armies of the Cumberland, TeinK, and Ohio, 
nnmberin;; 9S,7'J7 men, with 254 cannon, 
'lurninj; Jtdinston's position, the latter fell back 
to Uesaea. whence, afrer a severe battle (.May 
\'>l. he retreated to Alatoona. Sherman H;,'aiii 
turueil his Hank by movinj; to Dallas ; fou;;ht 
him at Dalhis and New-Hope Church about 
Alav 2S, driving hiiu u|H)n the strong: positions 
of Kenesaw, I'ine, and Lost Mountains; June 
27, he at lacked the works at Kenesaw, but was 
repulsed with .severe loss. Another flank move- 
ment c.iiisid Johnston's withdrawal across the 
< haltahoochee, July 3 ; and, Julv 17, he dri)ve 
the enemy lo Atlauta. Gen. llood, having; 
8U|>erse<l«l Johnston, attacked Sherman 22 
July, and was repulsed wiih creat loss. Ah. 
Aii^. 2!* be iniinc<l victories at Joneslioronuh 
and l.ovejiiy's, forcin;; Hood lo cvacnat.^ At- 
lanta Sept! 1. HoikI then invaded Mi.ldle 
'l enii., openin'; the way (or Sherman to march 
lhn>u;:h Ga. to the sea. AlKindoiiin}.' his eom- 
nimiieations with ChattaiioO);a, and Icnvini; 
Atiania in ruins, Sherman lie^nn his famous 
mardi, Nov. 16, »iih 66,(XH) men, moving in 



three columns ; passed between Maii n and 
Au;;usta, destroying' railnmds ami other puMic 
pro|K-rty ; ami aniv.d ai the outworks of S.i- 
vannah. Dee. 10. Hi- loso in iliis marthw.is 
6.1 killed aud 24.'i woundi-d. He iK-.-upii-d Sa- 
vannah Dee. 21 ; maivhed north-wcst Jan 15, 
1865; took Coliimliia, S.C, Feb. 17. coiU|ie|. 
linj; the enemy to evacuate Charlesioii ; and 
moved by way ol Cluraw and Kav. tioville 
towards Goldsborou^li, N.l". He dck-aiefl the 
enemy at Avcrysliorou;;h, Mar. 16, and at 
Benionvillcon tlic ISth; entered GobislMiruu^Ji 
Mar. 23. and formed ajuneiiou wiih (he armv 
of Gen. Sehofield. Apr. 17 he a-avd wii'li 
Gen. Johnston on a meinontnduiu or b.isis of 
peace, which was disiipi.i-oved by the prcs. aud 
cabinet. Apr. 26 Johiis:nn siirrx'udeml at 
Durham Station, N.C.. on the same leriiis a* 
were fi unte<l to I>cc ; and the war ended. Made 
brii;.-j;en. L'.S..V. 4 July, IStil; maj.-;;cn. 12 
Au;;. 18B4; lieut.-;;en. 25 Jidy. 186ij ; L'en.-in- 
chief of the army 4 Mar. 1869. — S.e H/ie/mna 
wiH his Ciim/'tu'iiis, Uwniuni ami /twin 1865- 
AV.'.rs O/ii.j in ll,r War. 186S. 

Sberwin, Thomas, LL D., instructor, b. 
Wesiinorelaud. N.H., .Mar. 26, I79'J; d. Bos- 
ton, July 23, 1869. 11. f. 1825. In his U.v 
hood he worked on a farm in Temple, N 11. 
In 1S25-6 he taught the acad. at Lixin^ion, 
Ms.; was tutor in maiheuiaiics at II. U. in 
1826-7 ; was eUj^Tiged some months in eii(;ineci- 
in;f and siirve\ inj; ; taught a privati- school lor 
boys in Boston one year, when he Ixcame siili- 
nmsicr ol the En-ll»b Hi;;h School, Boston ; 
and fi-oiii 1838 till his dcaili ha<l ehur-c of tlic 
institution, "the mo<lel school of the US." 
Ho was one of the oripiiiHiors of the Amer. 
Inst, of Instruction in I8.'i(i. and its pies, in 
185.'J-*, as well as of the Ms. Suite Teachers" 
Assoc, in 1S45, of which ho wasihethinl pies. 
He was one of the ciliiors of the .!/». Tito It,,-, 
and pub. " Elements of Al-ebra," and " Com- 
nion-seliool Al;ivbra." He was active in cstab- 
lishinsr the -Ms. Inst, of Technolojiv ; inenilcr 
of the .\iner. Acad, of Arts and Sciences, llia 
son TiiosiAS, licut -col. of th.'22d Ms. KivLin 
the late civil war. was alterward Inev. W.i".- 
pen. — i'tc -Y. A". Uisloiic-Gairalajical /:,g. 
x.\iv. 

Shew, JoKi, .M.D.. hydropathist, b. Trovi- 
dence. .Saralo;ra, N.Y.,'Nov. 13, 1816; d. 
flvster Bay, N.Y., Oct. 6, is;>5. Ab. IS4I he 
coinmeni-ed the study of medicine, and. soon 
after obtainin(; his d'c-ree, visited ilic water- 
cure establishment of Pricssniiz in G>rm.iiiv; 
a.lopied bis views, and on his retur.i coin- 
menced the pn\clii-c of hydro|>atliy. Besides 
superintendin;: a larp; csuiblishiueni, visimi;; 
numerous |Kiiiciits. and cuntribui'ij^ to the 
iriifr<'-'.°»>T./i.«rnfi/(wlii'hhecstal>lL-lieil) and 
other hyda>|>aihic periodicals, he pul>. ''llv. 
dropailiy,or WaterCurc," 184S; " \Vaiir-' urc 
Manual." 185-i ; " Mana^.tnient of Chi ilren " 
18.-.2; •• .Mi.lwifm. and Diseases of Woiiiin ' 
18.>2 ; •• lly.lropatiiie Family I'liysician." 18:.4 ; 
" Toliacco. its Hi-tory. N.-iturc! and r.lU-ets," 
&c. ; " Curitxsitiesol Common Water;"" Con- 
sumption, its Prevention and Cure;" " Chol- 
era. &c.. treatiil bv Water." 

Shields, Charles Wimidrcff, D.D.,b.N. 
.iVlUuy, InJ., 1825. N.J. Coll. 1844; riinci.L 



sm 



825 



SHI 



Thcol. Scm. Some vcars pastor 2d Presb. 
Clmrch, Pliila., auJ since Dec. 1 8G5 prof, of 
l!i • rolations of science to religion m N. J. 
Coll. A-itlior of Eulosy on Dr. E. K. Kane, 
1857; Pluiosoplaa Ud'ima, 8vo, 1S61 ; "A 
Manual of Worshii)," 18G2; "Dircctorv for 
Public Worship," ic, 1803; Book of "Com- 
mon Prayer, &c.. a^ amendiHl for the Presb. 
Chnrch, 1864; "The Book of Remembrance," 
1867 ; Memoir of Joel Jones, LL.D., pre- 
fi.\ed to his Notes on Scriptnrv, 1860 ; Rc- 
Tiew of Comte, 1858, &e. — AIVImw. 

Shields, Ge.n. J.vmf.s, politician, b. Dun- 
{.'annnn, T\Tone Co., Ireland, 1810; cmig. to 
America ab. 1S2G. Uo pursued his studies 
till 1832, when he went to 111., and commenced 
the practic-c of law at Kaskaskia. In 1836 he 
was in the Icyisl. ; State auditor in 1839; 
jud^e of the Supreme Court in 1843; and in 
1845 eommiss. of the ircu. lan<l-otfice. He 
had sciTcd as a li'nit in the Florida war ; app. 
by Pres. Polk a brig.-jrcn. U.S.A. 1847; and 
for his diotin;;. sen-ices in the battle of Cerix) 
Ciordo, in which he was dan^. wounded, was 
brcv. maj.-^n; also severely wounded iu battle 
of Chapultcpec. In 1 848 he was app. gov. of 
Drejon Terr., which he rcfiiined ; U.S. sena- 
tor i'rom Illinois in 1849-55 ; subsequently took 
up his re?idence in the Terr, of Minnesota, 
and in 185S-60 was U.S. senator fiom that 
Stat-; at the end of his term be went to Cali- 
fornia. JIade brig.-gen. \oIs. Aug. 19, 1861 ; 
on the death of Gen. Lander, hi^ was assigned 
to his eoiumand. He gained the battle of Win- 
clii^ster Mar. 23, in the movements preparatory 
to which (on the 22d) he was severely wounded. 
At the battle of Port Republic, June 9, 1862, 
he was worsted by Gen. T. .1. .laekson. 

Shillaber, Benjamin- P. ("Mrs. Parting- 
ton "), li. Portsmouth, X.II., 1814. Entered a 
]iri:iting-ortice in 1830; came to Boston in 
1832; became editorially connected Avith the 
Boston Post (1847-50) and Kiriiinij GaxUe, 
and edited the Oirpft-Iiay 1850-2; and in 
1 856 connected himself with the Sutur(lai/-Even- 
iir/ Giizitte. Author of "Rhymes with Rea- 
son and Without," 12mo, 18.J3; "Poems;" 
" Li.e and S lyings of Mrs. Partington," 1854 ; 
"Kuit:in--Wurk," by Ruth Partington, 1839. 

Shindler, Makv Stanley Bunce, poet, 
b. Beaulbrt. S.C, Feb. 15, 1810. Dau. of 
l: v. IJcnj. F. Palmer, D.D., who in 1814 ni- 
niov. rl to Charleston. Educated by the Misses 
Kamsay, daughters of the historian, and at the 
seniinaiiis of SVelbcrsfieM, Ct., ICUzabethtown, 
X. J., and of Rev. E. C. Herri, k, New Haven. 
Shp ra. CImrles E. Dana of New Vork, 19 Dec. 
1835. They removed to the West in 1838, 
where she lost her husband in 18.39. She be- 
gan her literary career by writing for the Rose- 
Tiiil, ed. by Mrs. Caroline (iilnian of Charles- 
ton, S.C. She pub. the " Southern Harp " in 
1S41, and "The Parted Family, and Other 
Poems," 1 842 ; " The Nori hem llnrp; " " Charles 
Morton," 1843; "The Young Sailor," 1845; 
" Forecastle Tom ; " " The Temperance Lyre," 
1 842. Having l)ccome a Unitarian, she pub. in 
1845 " Letters to Relatives and Frii-nds," re- 
jiub. in IvOiid. ; " Southern Sketibcs " appeared 
in 1847. In May, 1848, she m. Rev. Robert 
D. Shindler, who' since 1851 has been a prof. 



in Shelby Coll., ShelbyriHe, Ky. Some of 
her l)Tic poems have much merit. — Hart's 
Prose Writtrs, 

Shippen, Edward, LL.D., jurist, a de- 
scendant of Edward Shippen, the lii-st mayor 
of Phila., b. there Feb. 16, 1729 ; d. April 16, 
1806. Having studied law in Phila., ho fin- 
ished his education at the Temple in London, 
where he was adui. a barrister in 1750. On 
hLs return to Phila. he devoted himself to his 
profession ; at the age of 24 he was ap[i. pit)- 
thouotary of the Supreme Court, and judge 
of the Admiralty Court for the ])rovince ; w aa 
afternards member of the Council until the 
cessation of the oUiee at the Revol. ; and was 
alter that event app. pres. of the Courts of 
Quarter Sessions for the county of Phila. In 
1791 he was app. judge of the Supreme Court, 
and in 1799 chief justice ; wliich olhcc he re- 
signed in Feb. 1806. His dau. Margaret m. 
Gen. Aniold. 

Shippen, WiLtiAJt, phvsician, b. Phila. 
Oct. 1, 1712; d. there Nov. 4, 1801. He was 
a skilful and successful practitioner; one of the 
founders and trustees of the Coll. of N.J. ; a 
vice-pres. of the Philos. Society of Phila. ; the 
first phvsician to the Pa. Hospital ; a delegate 
to the Oont. Congress in 1778-80; and was one 
of the founders of the first Presb. church of 
Phila., of which he was a member 70 years. 

Shippen, William, M.D., son of the 
preceding, b. Phila. 1735; d. Gernianto\vn, 
July 11, 1808. N.J. Coll. 1754. He received 
his early, cdiiention at the gramra.-ir-scliool of 
Dr. Finley at Nottingham ; studied medieine 
under his father, and also at Lond. and I'.dinb., 
where he grad. M.D. Retuniing to Phila. in 
May, 1762, he commenced in the autumn the 
first course of anatomical lectures cvir given 
in this country. In Sept. 1763 he was cliosea 
prof, of anatomy and surgery in the Phila. 
Med. School, of which he was a Ibuncb r. He 
entered the med. dejit. of the army iu 1776; 
and from Apr. 11, 1777, to Jan. 1781, was its 
director-gen. He subsequently practised as 
accoucheur-surgeon and physician until 1798. 

Shirley, William, one of the ablest of 
the colonial governors of Ms. (1741-5G), licut.- 
gen. Briiisli armv, b. Preston, Sussex, Eng., 
1693; d. Koxbury, Ms., Mar. 24, 1771. He 
was bred to the law; came to Boston in 17.34, 
and practised his profession. At the lime of 
his app., he was a commiss. for the settlement 
of the boundary between Ms. and R.I. He 
planned the successful exped. aL'ainst Cape 
Breton in 1745 ; was in Eng. in 1745-.i3; was 
one of the commiss. at Paris for settling the 
limits of Nova Scotia and other coniiovcrted 
rights in America in K.IO; treated with the 
Eastern Indians in 1754; and explored the 
Kennebec, erecting 2 or 3 forts ; was com.-in- 
chief of the British forces in N.A. in 1755; 
planned the exped. against Niagara, and him- 
self proceeded as far as Oswego. In 1759 he 
was made lieut.-gen. He was afterward gov. 
of one of the Bahama Islands, but returned to 
Ms in 1770. He built the spacious mansion 
iu Roxbury, afterward the residence of Gov. 
Eustis. He pub. " Elcctra," a tragedy ; " Birth 
of Hercules, a mask ; a Letter lo the Duko 
of Newcastle, with a Journal of the Siege 



SHO 



826 



SHTJ 



of Loiiishur;:, 174."); ami the Ci>ndcict of 
Gen. Will. Sliirlev liriiflv siniud, Liimlun, 8vo, 
175S. lli« son Wii.i.iAM, nil ollircr in the 
army, was killed wiili Uraddock in IT.'iS. 
Thomas, n miij. ^en. in the arniv, c-rented a 
bait, in 178C, gov. of the I.H,'CWaril I-lands b. 
Boston, d. Mar. 180(1. — .Sir iJmh-'s P.irlic. 
I/isl. nf' l/te Five Yews' Fieiicli ami Iiid. War, 
l744-;t. 

Short, Charles. LL.D., scholar, b. Ila- 
Tcihill, Ms., 1821. H.U. 1846 Assist, iiisir. 
I'hillips Acad. 1847; master of the Ifoxbury 
Classiral Sihool l847-.'j.'l, and of a private 
classical school in Phila. 1853-C:); pies, of 
Kcnvon Coll., O., 1 8C.3-7; prof, of Latin in Co- 
liiinhia Coll., X.Y., since Mar. 2, 18G8. He ed- 
ited, wiih additions. Advanced Latin Exercises 
in Scliiiiiiz iinil Zniii|'i's Classical Series, and 
Mitchili's Ancient I ico^. I8G0; assisted in the 
preparaiion ol' several classical works ; contrib- 
uted many valuable papers to reviews; and has 
translated articles from the Gerinun for Iler- 
zot''s Ucal Kncyclop. — Allllioiir. 

Short, William, diplomatist, b. Spring 
Garden. Va., Sept. 30, I7.'>9; d. I'hila. Dee. 5, 
1849. Win. and Mary Coll. He was at an 
early age a member of iho exec, council of Va., 
' and, on the app. of Jefferson as minister to 
France in 1784, ivas joined with him as sec. 
of kcaiion. In 1789 .Mr. Short was apiiointed 
cliaif/^ (I'liffiiires to the French rc]>iifilic by 
Washington ; and he had the honor of holding 
the tirst exec, commission signed by him, and 
of being the first citizen app. to office under 
the Federal Constitution. During the adiniii- 
iatralion of Gen. Washington he was succces- 
sivcly minister res. at the Hague, and eoiii- 
miss. and subsequently minister to Spain. His 
Slate papers, and esi>ccially those connected 
with tile linpurtaiit negotiations relative to the 
Spanish lionndaries and rights in connection 
with Fla. and the Mpi., wliich resulted in the 
treiity of 1 7M5, are marked by great clearness, 
ability, good temper, and research. 

Shreve, Capt. Hexrt M., a pioneer in the 
steam navigation of the West ; d. St. Louis, 
Mar. G, 1851. He was for nearly 40 years 
constantly connected with commerce in that 
region. U.S. supt. of We.siern river improve- 
ments, and by the use of the sleain snag-boat, 
of wliich he was the inventor, added largely to 
the satiety of Western conimcree. He was also 
employed by Cien. Jackson in several liazanl- 
ous enterprises during the war of 1812. On 
the memorable 8th of Jan. ISl.'i he su|icrin- 
tpndeil one of the lield-picces, which was so de- 
Slriiciive to that column of the British army 
which was led by Gen. Kcan. 

Shreve, Thomas H., editor and |)oet, b. 
Alexaii.lra. D.C, I8i)8; d. Louisville, Ky., 
Dec. 2.1, 18.VJ. At tirst a merchant, he moved 
to Cinciiinaii in 18.10; became asstKiatc editor 
of the Mirror in 18.14 ; removed to Louisville 
in 1838 ; and ah. 1842 became an editor of the 
Ijmitrille Juiiriuil. Besides bis contribs. to |)0- 
riodicals, he wrote " Drnyton, an American 
Talc," pub. in 1851. He wa.s a Quaker in his 
religiiMis liiiih, and a man of high and noble 
cliMnuicr, — I'^ls ami /''irlri/ nf Ihr Writ. 

Sbubrick, the name of several gallant 
eflicers of the U.S. navy, natives of S.C, sons 



of Col. Thomas, aide to Cen«. Greene and 
Lincoln in the Itevol. war, b. 1755, d. Charles- 
ton, S.C, 4 Mar. 1810. John Taylor, b. 12 
.Sept. 1788. d. July, 1815. Midshipm 20Junc, 
180G; lieut. 28 May, 1812. lie was in "The 
Chesapeake" in her affair wiih "The Ix'O- 
pard " in 1807 ; in the action of" The Consii- 
tniion " with " The GuerritMc " in Aug. ; and 
with "The Java," 29 Dec. 1812; of " Tlio 
Hornet " with " The I'eacock," 24 Feb 181.3 
(for which he received medals fi-om Congress); 
of " The Presiilent " when captured by a British 
squad, in .)an. 1815; and on Ibc conclusion of 
jicacc was despatched to the CS. in com. of 
" The Kjiervier " «itli the treaty. This vessel 
was never afterward heard from. William 
BUANFOKD, b. 31 Oct. 1790. Midshipman 20 
June, 1806; lirnl. 6 Jan. 1813; com. 28 Mar. 
1820;capt.2l Feb.iail; reiir-adin. (ret. list) f 6 
July, 1862. Coin, battery of I gun on Craney 
Island in ihe repulse of the British forces 22 
June, 1813; lieut in "The Constitution" in 
ai'tion with " The Cyanc " and " I.,i vant," 20 
Feb. 1815 ; com. squad, in the I'acific in 1847, 
nnd captured Mazatlan and other ports from 
the Mexicans ; com. Brazil stjuud. and Para- 
guay ex|>ed. 1859. Chairman light-house 
board lSGO-70. Kdward UtTLIiDGE d. at 
sen 12 .Mar. 1844, a. ab. .50. Midshipm. 16 
Jan. 1809; lieut. 9 Oct. 1813; com 24 Apr. 
1828; capt. 9 Feb. 1837. Served under Com. 
Koilgers in the war of 1812-15; app. to com. 
the Columbia, Brazilian squad,. May, 1842. 
Irvine, b. 1797, d. Phila. 5 Apr. 1849. Mid- 
shipm. 12 May, 1814; lieut. 13 Jan. 1826; 
com. 8 Sept. 1841. Served under Dwaiur in 
the action of " The Pri'sident " with the Brit- 
ish sipiad. in 1815, also in the war with .\lgiers 
in 1816; as 1st lieut. of "The Potomac" in 
1832, headed the sailors and marines in the de- 
strnciion of Qiiallah Battoo. 

Shulze, John Andrew, gov. of Pa. in 
182.1-9, b. Tul|Kbocken, Berks Co., July 19. 
1775 ; <l. Lancaster, Nov. 18, 1852. Son of a 
Lutheran clergyman. He represcntetl Lebanon 
t'ounty for several years in the State legisl. ; 
chosen gov. by the Denioc. party. 

Shunk, Francis H., gov. of Pa. 1845-8, 
b. Monigoiuery Co., Pa., Aug. 7, 1788; d. 
Hnrrishiirg, July 30, 1848. He l*ecauie a 
teacher at the age of 15; in 1812 was app. a 
clerk in the surveyor-general's dept.,tat the 
same lime studied law; ossistc*! as a soldier in 
the delencc of Baltimore in 1814 ; was soon 
ofterwards assist, and then principal clerk in 
the liou^c of n'prc8ciitativc8 for several years; 
next l)ecamo sec. to the board of canai com- 
mis.; in 18.18 was sec. of state; next established 
hiinscll ill the practice of law at Pittsbuig. 

ShurtlefT, Nathanikl Braiistrket, 

M.l).,aiiiii|Uarv, mayor of Boston 1868-70, b. 
Bost.iii, June 29. 1810. H.U. 18.11. Son of 
Dr. Benjamin. Ha* pub. " Kpitome of Phri-- 
nidogy," 1833; "Perpetual Calendar for Old 
nnd New Style," 1848; "Passengers of the 
May Flower i'n 1620." 1849; " Brief Notice of 
Will. Sliiirtleff of ^iarshtield," I85o; " (Jene- 
alogy ot the Lcvcrett Family," 1850; " Thun- 
der mill Liglitnin!:, and Deaths in .Marshtield 
in 1658 and 1666," 1850; " Records of Ms. 
Bay, 1028-86," 6 vols. 4to ; " Topog. Descrip- 



SHxr 



827 



SIG 



lion of Boston," 8vo, 1871 ; cditfJ, with David 
Fulsifcr, " Kecoi^sof New Plymoulli," 12 vols. 
4to. 

Shute, Da.niel, D.D , minister, of Hin^- 
hain, Ms., tVom Dec. 10, 1746, to ISOO, I). 
Maldun. July 19, 1722; d. Auk. 30, 1S02. 
H.U. 174.3. ' Member of the coiiveniioii to 
ndojii the Constitution of the U.S. He pub. 
occrtsional sermons. 

Shute, Samcel, gov. of Ms. 1716-23, b. 
Loud. 1653; d. Eng. Apr. 15, 1742. Educat- 
ed nt Li yden. He served in the army of Kin;^ 
William ; was a lieut.-col. under Marlliorou^h, 
and was wounded in one of the ^reat battles 
in Elanders. Durin;; his ndininistration he 
had a warm controversy with the Icjtisl., who 
would not fi.\ his salary, denied his ili;ht to 
ncj;ative the speaker, and assumed his powers 
as con., in chief. After his return to Enj;., an 
ex|danatory chartcr«vas procured in 1 724, con- 
firmin;; the gov. iu the rights for which he had 
contended. 

Siamese Twins, Chaxg and Exo, b. 

Bany:e>au, on the nonli-wcst corner of the Gulf 
of Siani, 1810. The father was a Chinaman, 
the mother a Siamo-Chinese woman. They 
were brought to the U.S. at the age of 18 by 
Capt. Abel Coffin, and exhibited throughout 
this country and Europe ; realized a compe- 
tence ; married 2 sisters (mulattocs) in 1842, 
and settled in Surny Co., N.C. Each has 9 
children. They revisited Europe in 1868-9. 

Sibley, Ma J. George Ch AMI-LAIN, b. Great 
Bairin.mon, Ms., 1782; d. Elma, Mo., 31 Jan. 
1863. Son of i)r. .John, a surgeon in the 
Uevol. war. His youth was spent in N.C. 
Pres. Jefferson app. him an Indian agent, and, 
with 100 Osage warriors, he explored the 
Gnmd Saline and Salt Mountain, a report of 
which e.xped. was pub. Afterward a commiss. 
to lay out a road from Mo. to N. Mexico, and 
made several treaties with the Indians. Many 
years proident of the St. Charles Co. Bible 
Societv of Mo. ; trustee and patron of Linden- 
wood College. 

Sibley, Hexry H., gen. C.S.A., b. La. 
ab. 1815. West Point, 1838. Entering 2d 
Dragoons, he served in the Fla. war; became 
capt. Feb. 16, 1847 ; brcv. major for gallantry 
at Mcdellin, Mexico, March 25, 1847 ; Feb. 7, 
1761, became major 1st Dragoons, being then 
in service against the Xavajoes in X. Mex- 
ico ; and resigned May 13, 1861 . He was app. 
brig.-gen. in the Conled. army, and led a force 
from Texas for the conqnest of New Mexico. 
He attacked Fort Craig, Jan. 5, 1662, hut was 
repulsed, and obliged to retreat. In 1870 ho 
entered the service of the khcdive of Egypt as 
gen. of brigade of artillerv. 

Sibley, Gen. Henry ll., b. Detroit, Mich., 
Feb. Itill. Son of Judge Solomon. Many 
years an Indian trader in the employ of the 
Amor. Fur Company at Mackinaw and Fort 
Siielling; dc'egate to Congress from Minne- 
sota Terr, in 1849-53; first gov. of Minn, in 
1858; brig.-gen. of vols. 29 Sept. 1862; com. 
an cxped. against the Minnesota Indians in 
1863; and afterward brev. niaj.-gen. of vols. 
Delegate to the Cleveland Soldiers' Conven- 
tion of 1866. 
Sibley, John Langdon, b. Union, Me., 



Dec. 29, 1804. H.U. 1S25. Assist, lib. there 
1825-6 and 1841-56; librarian since 1856; 
ord. at Stow, Ms., May 4, 1829 ; dism. Mar. 31, 
1833. Author of " flistory of Union, Me.," 
1851; "Notices of the Triennial Catalogues 
of II. U., with a Reprint of the Catalogues of 
1674, 1682, and 1700," 1S65. In 18.i7 he be- 
came the editor ,ind afterward pro)>rietor, of 
the American Ma//, of Usif. itml Eideil. KnowL, 
and since 1841 has oil i ted the Triennial Cata- 
logues of H.U., and since 1850 all its Annual 
Catalogues. Ho is now (1871) about pub. a 
bio'^. record of the early graduates ot II. U. 

Sibley, Solo.mos, judge, b. Sutton, Ms., 
Oct. 7, 1769; d. Detroit, Apr. 4, 1846. He 
studied law. Removed to Ohio in 1795; estab- 
lished himself first nt Marietta, and then at Cin- 
cinnati. He removed to Detroit in 1797 ; was 
in 1799 elected to the first Terr, legisl. of the 
N.W. Terr. ; was a delegate to Congress from 
Mich. Terr, in 1820-3; and judge of the 
Supremo Court in 1824-36. 

Sickles, Gen. Daniel E., b. N. Y. City, 
Oct. 20, 1821. U. ofX.Y. He studied law; 
was adm. to tlie bar iu 1844 ; became a mem- 
ber of the legisl. in 1847, and took a prominent 
position amcaig the leaders of the Democ. jjurty ; 
in 185.'! he became corporation atty. ; and was 
sec. of legation in Eng. to Mr. Buchanan until 
1855; he was then elected State senator, and 
in 1856 a representative in Congress. Feb. 27, 
1659, he killed Philip Barton Key, U.S. dist. 
atty. for D.C., shooting him in the streets of 
Washington, for criminal connection with Mr. 
Sicklcs's wife. He was tried for murder, but 
acquitted. He was re-elected to Congress in 
1860. In 1861 he raised the Excelsior Brigade 
in New York, and was made colonel. His com- 
mission as brig.-gen. was dated Sept. 3, 1861. 
He fought in the battles of the Chickahominy 
cam)>aign, his brigade forming part of Hooker s 
division of Ileiutzclinan's (.3d) army corps. 
He succeeded lo (.iin. Hooker's command when 
that otKeer took the 1st army corps, and led 
that division nt Antietam and Fredericks- 
burg. He com. the 3d army corps in the 
battles near Chancellorsville, Va., Jlay 2, 1863 ; 
and at Gettysburg, Pa., where he lost a Ic^, 
Jnly 2, 1863. Maj.-gcn. Nov. 29, 1862; col. 
42d' Inf. July 28, 1866 ; retired as maj.-gen. 
Apr. 14, 1869; minister to Spain 1869; now 
(187! ) coll. int. rev. 4tli di»t, Pa. In March, • 
1872, Gen. Sickles was instrumental in over- 
throwing the corrupt " Ring " which had long 
controlled the Erie Railroad. 

Sigel, Gen. Fhanz, b. Zinsheim, Baden, 
Nov. 18, 1824. Was grad. at the military 
school of Carlsrnhe; entered the service ot 
Baden ; but in 1848 resigned, and devoted him- 
self to German unitv and republicanism. The 
revol. govt., June. I,'l848, apj>. bim minister of 
war. .\ftcr the ilefcat of Mierosla">ki by the 
Prince of Prussia, Sigel, who had taken part 
in tbe.sc battles, at the head of this iR-atcn and 
dispiritc<l force, by a skilful retreat jilaecd it 
safely within the walls of the fortress of Ras- 
tadt. U|H)n the flight of the i)rovis. govt., 
Sigel (.Inly 1 1 1 withdrew to Switzerland ; cx- 
iwlled by the Swiss govt., he came in 1850 to 
New York, taught mathematics in the acad.of 
Dr. Rudoljih DiUon, and afterward m. his duu. 



SIO- 



828 



SIX. 



He interested himself in the State militia, and 
wiii maj. of the Sth Regt. Removing; in Sept. 
1 858 tu St. Ixjuii, where he was a leuehcr in the 
collefie of that city, he became early in 1801 
col. 3d >Io. Vols. Under Gen. Lyon" he took 
part in the c.ipture of Camp Jackson ; was 
Bent into S. W. Missouri, June 23 ; fon;,'ht the 
battle of Carthage, July !>, when, with ab. 1 ,200 
men, he enga^'d 5,000, u|)on whom, in retreat- 
inn;, '"5 intlicted very severe loss ; took part in 
the battle of Wilson's Creek, and directed the 
retreat from Sprin^lield, arriving at Kolla 
Aug. 19. Made brig.-gen., dating from May 
17, 18UI, he commanded a division in Fremont s 
army, wliiih in (Jet. pursued the Confederates 
under Price ; was again sent to the South-west 
bv Oeii. Ilalleek, Feb. 1862, coninianding a 
division ; and Ijore a prominent part in the bat- 
tle of I'ea Kiilge. His relations with Gen. Ual- 
Icck, commander of the department, biroming 
unsatisfactory, he resigned in May, but was 
made niajor-gcn., dating from March 21, and 
ordered to the com. of Harper's Ferrj-, where he 
arrived June 2. Succeeding to the com. of 
Fremont's army corps June 26, he scr^■ed 
through the campaign of Va. under Gen. I'o])C ; 
took a prominent jiurt in the second buttle of 
Bull Uun, Aug. 29-.30; and Sept. U w<is put 
at the head of the 11th army corps. Early in 
Mar. 1864 he was placed in com. of the dept. 
of West Virginia. He was defeated by Cjcn. 
Breekenridgc at New Market 15 May, and was 
relieved of the com. by Gen. Hunter. He 
evacuated Martinsburg 2 July, and on the 3d 
was driven from Leetown, and took a position 
at Maryland Heights. Elected register of N. Y. 
Citv ami Co. Nov. 1871. 

Signay, Joseph, Catholic archbishop of 
QnelK.-; d. Oct. 3, 18.50, a. 71. Made bishop 
in is;!,!, anlihi-liop in 1844. 

Sigouruejr, I-vuia Howard Hc.sTLiiY, 
authiMvs>, li. Norwich, Ct., Sept. 1, 1791; d. 
Hartford, June 10, 1865. She enjoyed special 
educational advantages. At the age of 18 she 
engagi'd in teaching a young ladies' school at 
Nonvich ; opened a select school at Hartford in 
1814 ; and in 1815 pub. " Moral Pieces in Proso 
and Verse." She earlv manifesteil |>oelic tal- 
ent, and had pub. articles in ^>eriodicals. In 
1819 she m. Charles Sigourney, a merchant of 
Hartford. Her poems, generally lyrical, are 
mostly on religious or serious topics ; and her 
publications number 59 vols. In 1840 she vis- 
ited Kurope; and in 1842 pub. her " Pleasant 
Memories of Pleasant Lands." She has pub. 
"Traits of the Aliorigines," a poem, 1822; 
" Lays fnim the West," pnb. in London; "A 
Sketch of Connecticut Forty Years Since," a 

Srose volume, 1824; " Ix'tters to Young La- 
ics ; " " letters to Mothers ; " " Pixtry for 
Children ; " " Zinzendorf and Other Poems," 
1835; " Pocahontas and Other Poems," 1841 ; 
a choice collection of her miscellaneous p<H'm8, 
illnstnited by Darley, in 1848; "Scenes in mv 
Native Land," 1845; "How to be Happy,'' 
1833 ; " Biography and Writings of Nancv'M. 
Hyde," 1816 ; " Select Poems," 18.34 ; " Poems 
for the Sea," 1845 ; " Voice of F'lowers," 1845 ; 
"Letters to my Pupils," 1851 ; " Memoirs of 
Mrs. Ilarriet S. Cook," 1852; "Pu.st Meri- 
dian" 1853; "The JIan of Uz, and other 



Poems," 1862; "Gleanings," I860; "Sclco 
tions from Various Sources," 1863; and a [los- 
thumous vol., " Letters of Life," 1866. 

Sill, Ge.v. Josiila WoODnow, b. Chilli- 
cothe, O., Dec. 6, 1831 ; killed in battle at 
Murfrcesborough, Dec. 31,1862. We.<t Point, 
1853. Son of Hon. Joseph Sill. Entering the 
ordnance dept., he was instructor at West 
Point 1854-7; re-signing 25 Jan. 1801, he ac- 
cepted the profcssorshiii of mathemaiics and 
civil cng. in the Brooklyn Coll. and Polyt. In- 
stitution. This jHjst he re.-igned when Sumter 
fell ; was made as.~ist. adj. -gen. of O. in May, 
and 27 Aug. col. 33d Ohio Vols. ; and was in 
the combat of liich Mountain 11 July, 1861. 
He com. a brigade in Gen. Mitchell's dii-ision 
in Ky. ; and was made lirig.-gen. 16 July, 
1862, having taken part in the Huntsville ex- 
pcd. and the action at Battle Crexk, Tenn. 
When Gen. McCook toofc com. of an army 
corps. Sill was assigned to the com. of a divis- 
ion, and was in the battle of Perryvillc S Oct., 
the pursuit of Bragg's forces, and the move- 
ment to Nashville. On the re-organization of 
the army under Maj.-Gen. Rosecranz, he was 
placed in com. of a brigade in Sheridan's divis- 
ion. He fell at the head of this brigade, with 
which he bad three times checked the furious 
onset of the foe upon the right wing on the dis- 
astrous Wednesday of the battle of .Stone River. 

Silliman, Benjamin, LL.D. (Mid. Coll. 
1820), jihvsiiist, b. N. Stratford, Cr., Aug. 8, 
1779; d. X. Haven, Nov. 24, 1864. Y.C. 1796; 
tiitor there 1799-1-04. Son of Gold Selbck 
Silliman. He studi d law, and was adm. to the 
bar in 1802; app. in 1802 prof, of chemistrj-in 
Y. C, a science then in its inlancy in tlu' U.S. 
Afier 2 years' study in Phila. with Dr. Wood- 
house, he delivered at X. Haven in 1.-04 a par- 
tial course of lectures on ch.mistry to tlie stu- 
dents of the coll. ; in the winter of 1803 he gave 
his first full course of Icitures, and then visited 
Europe to prosecute his studies ; afkr an ab- 
sence of 14 months lie resumed his profe sor- 
sliip. He pull. "Journal of Travels in Eng- 
land, Holland, and Scotland in 1805-6," pt:b. in 
1810 (2 vols. 8vo) and in 1820 (3 vols. 12mo). 
Soon after his return he made a gi'ologieal sur- 
vey of a part of Ct., which is believeil to hare 
been the first of these explorations mad.- in the 
U.S. He pub. a full account of a ineuorile of 
great size and sp'endor, which in T)iv. \>-07 
thre'W oH" large fragments in the t<iwn of Wes- 
ton, Ct. In 1813 he pub. in the "M'-moir- of 
the Ct. Acad, of Arts and Seii-nces " an account 
of his ex|*'rinK nls with the oxy-hydrogen blow- 
pipe of Dr. Hare, by which he had giva'Iy ex- 
tended the list of iKjdies known to be fuViMe. 
In 1818 Prof. Silliman fouudi'd the .Im i/.dii 
Joiinml n/' S' irmt mill Art, of which for 20 year.* 
he waa sok', and for 8 years more seui ir, editor. 
In 1838 his son Benjamin, jun., l>ecame as.-o- 
ciated with him in editing the work; and in 
1846 it was transfem-d by the senior editor to 
Profs. J. D. Dana and B. Silliman, jun. Prof. 
S. was a friHiucnt lecturer upon elumistry and 
geology in most of the popidous towns and 
cities of the Union. In 18.30 he pub. a text- 
book on Chemistry, 2 vols. ; and in 1829 an 
edition of Bakewell's Geology, with Notes. 
An "Account of a Joumev between H;irtford 



sir, 



829 



SIZNI 



and Quebec " appeared from his pen in 1 820. 
He spent 6 months of 1S51 in Europe, and in 
1853 pub. "A Visit to Europe in lS51,"2rols. 
12mo. In 1353 he resigned his prof, ssorsbip, 
and was made prof, emeritus ; but at the request 
of his colleagues ht- continued to lecture on ge- 
ology till .June, 1855, when he gave his closing 
academic course. lie was a member of numer- 
ous American and European scientiKe societies. 
— See Life of Silliman hi/ Prof. Geo. P. Fislier, 
2 vols. 8vo, 1866. 

Silliman. Benjamin, Jnn., M.D. (U. of 
S.C. 1849), physicist, son of the preceding, b. 
NewHaven, Ct., Dec.4, 1816. Y.C. 18.37. He 
was an instmctor at Yale in chemistry, miner- 
alogy, and geology in 1838-47, and in 1842 
open' d a laboratory for instruction in analyti- 
cal chemistry; in 1846 he was app. prof." of 
chenii.stry a])plied to the arts in the scienti.'ic 
school of the coll., which he was chiefly instru- 
mental in organizing. He became assoc. editor 
of the Joiirmil of Science with his father in 1 S38, 
and in 1846 was assoc. with Prof. Daua as edi- 
tor and proprietor. In 1849-54 he was prof. 
of medical chemistry and toxicology in the U. 
of Louisville, Ky. ; "and in 1S54 succeeded his 
father as prof, of chemistr;,- in Y.C, which po- 
sition he now holds. In 1853 he had charge 
of the depts. of chemistry, mineralogy, and ge- 
olo;,^^ in the Crystal-Palace Exhibition in New 
York, and, in connection with Mr. C; B. Good- 
rich, prepared the " Illustrated Record " and 
the " Progress of Science and Art " then pub. 
In 1851 he visited Europe with his father, and 
prepared from his notes the " Visit to Europe," 
pub. in 1853. He was several years sec. of the 
Amer. Association for the Advancement of 
Science, and had charge of the publication of 
its "Proceedings." He is well known as a lec- 
turer on scientific topics. Besides about 60 
paners in the Journal of Science, he has pub. 
"I^irst Principles of Chemistry," 1846, revised 
in 1856; and "Principles of Physics," 1858. — 
Appkton. 

Silliman, Gold Selleck, b. near Fair- 
field, Ct., ab 1730; d. there July, 1790. Y.C. 
1752. A lawyer on the breaking-out of the 
Ecvol., and a col. of local cavalry, he sened as 
bri<r.-"cn., and during most of the war charged 
with the defence of the south-western frontierof 
Ct. adjoining N.Y. He served in the battle of 
Long Island at the head of his regt., and at 
White Plains; and was very efficient in re- 
pclliug the r,aid on Danbury in 1777. Cap- 
tured l)y a party of Tories, May 1, 1779, and 
held cap;ive one year. Father of Prof. Silli- 
man. 

Silsbeej .Toshca S., comedian, the first to 
.ntroducc Yankee characterizations into Eng., 
b. Litchfield, Ct., Jan. 4, IS15; d. San Fran- 
cisco, Cal., Uce. 22, 1855. Made hU Miut in 
the winter of 1837 in Natchez, Mpi. Sept. 23, 
1851, he opened at the Adelphi, London, as 
Juuathan Pioughlioy. 

Silsbes, XATnANiEL, senator, and mer- 
chaut of Sulem, Ms., b. F.ssex Co., 1773; d. 
Salem, .luly 1, 1850. His father Nathaniel 
was a shipmaster in the employ of E. H. Der- 
by of Salem. The son amassed a fortune by- 
honorable dealing; frequently ser>-ed in each 
branch of the State legisl. ; in 1823-6 was pres. 



of the State senate ; M.C. 1SI6-20; and was a 
U. S. senator in 1826-35. 

Simeock, John, Quaker preacher; d. Ches- 
ter Co., Pa., .Jan. 27, 1703. He wa-s 40 years 
a minister, and was endowed with great wis- 
dom and spiritual discrnmcni. He was a 
great sullerer in Eng. for hi* opinions, both by 
impri.sonment, and loss of goods, lie settled 
early in Chester Co., Pa. ; was active in en- 
deavoring to recover Gorge Keith to the true 
faitli, and afterward in testifying against him 
and his party. — CVI. of Quaker it- morids. 

Simeoe, John Grates, a British licut.- 
gen., b. near Exeter, Eng., 25 Feb. 1752; d. 
Torbay, 26 Oct. 1806. His father, a capt. ia 
the n.ivy, was killed at Quebec during its tiege 
by Wolfe. He eniereil the aruiy an ensign in 
1770, and, on the lireaking-out of the Amer. 
war, purchased a company in the 40th Foot, 
which regt. he com. at the battle of Brandy- 
wine, where he was wounded, as also at Mon- 
mouth. He raisid a battalion called ihe 
Queen's Rangers, drilled and disciplined in a 
superior manner for light and active service, 
and with which he performed imporiaut ser- 
vices to the royal catise in the South. Clinton 
gave him, 23 June, 1779, the local rankof lieut.- 
eol. In Oct. 1779, while on an exped. to de- 
stroy some boats, he was taken prisoner, and 
narrowly escaped death. His corps was con- 
stantly in advance of the army, and performed 
a series of gallant, skilful, and successful en- 
terprises. Sitneoe was included in tlie capitu- 
lation at Yorktown. A "Journal" of his 
campaigns, printed only for his Mends, w.as 
reprinted 8vo, N.Y., 1844. After the war, the 
corps was disbanded, and the officers placed on 
hall-pay. Gov. of Upper Canada in 1791-4, he 
retained his old enmity against the U.S., and, 
if he did not promote, certainly did nothing 
to prevent, Indian hostilities on our borders. 
Col. IS Nov. 1790; maj.-gcn. 3 Oct. 1794; 
lieut.-gen. 3 Oct. 1798; gov. and com.-in-e'hicf 
of St. Domingo, Dec. 1796-.July, 1797, and ex- 
erted himself successfully to oppose the French, 
and to estal .lish the financial and other inter- 
ests of the Colony. 

Simitidre, Pierre EnoitxE du, painter 
and antiquary, b. Geneva; d. Phila. 1788. 
A.M. of N.J. Coll. 1781. From 1760 to his 
death he practised bis profession in Phila. ; 
painted miniatures in watercolors, and was 
also a collector of specimens of natural history. 
He h.ad many of his portraits cngMved in 
Paris, among them Washington, Arnolil, Silas 
Deane, Gates, Laurens, Huntington, Morris, 
Steuben, Charles Thomson, Gerard, and Jos. 
Reeil. He was an ardent patriot and a well- 
informed man, and collected materials lor a 
Hist, of the Amer. Revolution. 

Simmons, Geougk Fkederick, clergy- 
man, b. Boston, Mar. 24, 1814 ; d. Concord, 
Ms, Sept. 5, 1855. H.U. 1832. Sonof Judge 
Wm. of Boston, who d. 1843. He was disting. 
for brilliant scholarship, and was ord. Oct. 9, 
1838. He preached at -Mobile. Ala., in 1838- 
40; at Waltham, Ms., in 1841-5; and at 
Springfield in 1848-51 (each of which places 
his antislavery preaching and opinions caused 
him to leave), and afterward in Albany. lie 
was twice in Europe, — once (on graduation ) as 



8I>£ 



830 



snvx 



a tutor .n n private fnmilr ; nnd npiin in I $43-5, 
wlii'ii Ir'ui'iii tu Goniiany, nnil sludieil iheolo- 
j!j-. A vol. of lilt scriiioiH WB< piih. 1855. 

Simmons, J>>iks F., sonmur, l>. Little 
Coniptoii, It. 1., ^k-pt. 10, 1T95; il. Juhniion, 
I{. I., July 14, 1864. A I'lirnuT nml iiiiiuut'ae- 
luixT. a" ihcuiIkt of the IJeii. Assembly in 
isa8-4l ; U.S. senator in 1S41-T, ami ajjaio 
in ISJT-t"..!. 

Simmons, Joiix, merchant of Boston, b. 
Little Coniptou, H. I., Oct. 1796; d. there 29 
Au;;. I87U. By liis will he provideil for (he 
fonniliui; of the ' Simmons Female Coll.," for 
the cilueuliun of ii»li;;ent yonn(; women. 

Simms, Jeptu.v Koot, li. Canterbury, 
Ct.. ISii7. Author of " Uistorv of Scliohuric 
Co.. N.Y.." 8vo, 1845; "The American Sjiv, 
Xathan Hale." 8vo, 1846; "Trappersof X.'i ."," 
18.VV I'ontrib. to periodicals. —J/Wwiif. 

Simms, \Vm. Uilsiore, LL.D., author, b. 
Cliarlesion, S.C, Apr. 17, 1806; d. there June 
II, 1870. His fuiher was of Irish descent. At 
the age of 7 he lK-;:an to write verses. Owin;; 
tu the limited means of his family and a sickly 
childhtKid, his early e<luctition was slight. Af- 
ter a clerkship of several years in a store in 
Charleston, he at 18 Iwgnn to study law. At 
20 he m. Was adm. to the bar in l'828, which 
he quilled after a year's practice, and became 
editor, and part proprietor, of the Charlestoii 
Cil;i Oiixllr, which, favoriug the Union dur- 
ing the nulliticaiion excitement, became a 
losing; coni-crn, and in 1832 left Mr. Siiums 
nearly |HMiniless. Losin); by death, about this 
time, his gr.indmother, father, and wife, he 
came north, and passed the summer at Ming- 
ham, Ms., where he finished the lungest and 
best of his imaginative |"oems " Atalantis " ( X. 
Y. 18-33). He had previously pub. a " Mono- 
dy on the Death of Charles C Pinckney," 
I8'J."); 2 vols, of Poems, and " Early Lays," 
1827 ; " Vision of Corte.«, Cain, and other To- 
rms," 1829; and in 1830 "The Tricolor, or 
Three Days of Blood in Palis." His other 

J>octical works are " Southern Passages and 
'ictnri's," 1839 ; " Donna Anna." 1843 ; 
" Giou|ied Thoughts and Scattered Fancies," 
1843; "Lays of the Palmetto," 1848; " Po- 
ems," 2 vols, 1854; " Arevtos, or Songs and 
Ballads of the South." 1860; and in 1867 edit- 
Cil " War Poetry of the South." Ue also pro- 
dniH'd two dramas, " Norman Manritv," and 
" .Michael Bonhani, or tlio Fall of tlic Alamo ; " 
anil ailapted Shakspcaix-'s " Timon of Athens " 
for the stage, with numerous additions of his 
own. He is best known by bis romances, 
founded upiin loeid or revol. history. His nov- 
els ai-e " Slarlin Faber ; " a in^amif entitled 
•• The Book of Mv Ladv," 18.33 ; " Carl Wer- 
ner." 18.i8 ; " Confession, or the Blind Heart," 
1842; "Casile Dismal." 1843; "The Wig- 
wam and the Cabin." 1845-6 ; " Marie de Ber- 
niftre," 1853; "The Yemassoc," 18.35; " Pela- 
v.i,"1838,«ndit.ssequel, "Count Julian," 1845; 
"The Damsel of Darien," 1845; "The Lily 
nnd tbe Totem," " The Maroon and Other 
Tales," 185.'>; " Vasconcelos," 1867; "The 
Casslipie of Kiawnb," 1860 ; " The Partisan." 
IS35 ; " MellicbamiH.'," 1836. anil " Katheiine 
Wallou," 1831 ; " The Scout." oiiL-mnlly pub. 
as the ■' Kinsmen," 1841 ; " Woudcrali, ' ori- 



Cinallv entitled "The Sword and the Di^iafT,' 
" The Forayers, a Kaid of the Dopdajs," 18".5, 
and its SeqiicI, " Kuiaw," 185C; " Onv Kivers," 
1834; " Kielmnl Huidi-," 1 8.38 ;'" Bonier 
Beagles," 1840; ■Mteaiieham|K>," 1842 ; "Hel- 
en Halsey," 1845; " The (iulden Christmas," 
1832; aiid " Charleinout, or the Pride of the 
Villain-," 1856. His hi~t. and biog. works arc 
a " Uist. of S.C. ; " ' S.C. in the Kevol.," 
1 854 ; and Lives of Marion. Capt. John Smith. 
Chevalier Bayard, and Gen. Greene ; al>o a 
" Geography of S.C," and a nuintier of arti- 
cles on the " Civil Warfare of tin- South." and 
the " .Vmer. Loyalists of ihc lievo!.," puh. in tlic 
South, /.il. MtsMiiier nnii Qmirinlg Uri-inr. His 
other works are, " Views and Uenews in Aincr. 
Literature;" " Egiria," a eolkeiion of a|dio- 
risms ; " Father Abbot, or the Home Tourist, 
a Medley," " Soutbwanl Ho!" 1854; "The 
Morals of Slavery," &c. He also rdiied, with 
notes, the 7 dramas ascribed to Shaks|icare, 
but not pnb. among his woiks. under the title 
of " A Supplement to Shakspearc's Plays," 
and contrib. much to periodical liteiatun- be- 
sides delivering occasional orations. Many of 
the biographies of South Can>linians in the 
New Amer. Cycl6|). are from hi> |>en. He re- 
sided on his plantation ot noo<llands near 
Midway, S.C. A uniform edition of his uoiks 
was pub. by nedtield, in X.Y., in 19 vols. 

Simonds, Wit.t.iAM. b Charlesiown. M.s., 
Sept. 18i'2; d Winchester, Ms., July 7. 1859. 
F.stabli.-heil the Salfinlif/ HtimlKr in I:i4n, and 
was editorially eonneetcd with the S.E h'aimrr, 
in which the Rumhltr wa-> merged in Dec. 
1850, until his death Li 1S4S-9 he pub, and 
edited the Picl'irinl Xnlioiinl Lilniiy, iiumthly. 
Author of the " Aimwell Stories," 6 vol,-., aiid 
other juvenile books. 

Simonson, Jons S., hrev. brig.-gcn. US. 
A., b. Pa. Served in Dobbins's rcgt. N.Y. 
vols.; in campaign on the Niagara 1814. .\ 
re^ident of Clark Co., Ind., since 1817. 
MemlKT of both hninehcs of ibe legisl ; s|H'ak- 
er of the house in 1845, App capu mounted 
rifles, May 27, 1846 ; brev. niaj for battle of 
Chapuliepec, Scpu 13. 1847, in which he was 
woundeil ; com. bis regt. on the fall of I^jring, 
and disiing. in attack on Dc Belen Gate ; miij. 
mounted rifles 18.33; col. 3d CavaIrA-, .Mav 13, 
1861 ; retired Sept. 28. 1861. Briv. biig.- 
gen. for long ami faithful service in the arniv 
13 Mar. 1865, 

Simpson, Edmund, actor and manager, 
b. 1784; d. New York. July 31. 1848. .Made 
his tk'^'iilin Towcoter. Engliinil, in Mav. 1806 ; 
at the Park. New York. Oct 22. l"809. as 
Harrv Dornion in " Road to Unin." Mamiir r 
of the Park Theatre from 1810 to June 5, 1845. 
While playing Fuustus. in 1828. he bix)ke one 
of bis legs, causing perinKuent I luune^s, Ue- 
tirv.1 from ihe stage in 18.13. and la.~I apjiearv*! 
in 1S41 as Diulc in "London A>snraiHT." 

Simpson, Sir Geoiigk. gov. of tlie Hn I- 
son's Bav Co.. b. Uoss-sbire, S(«tland. ab 
1796; d, 'Montreal. Sept. 7, 1860. Fn.in 1809 
to 1820 he was tngagcd in commercial pur- nits 
in London, when he was empluved by the Karl 
of Selkirk, who was en^ageil in founding in 
Canada the Reil-river Settlement, to lake the 
lead in the operations of the coinpain ; with 



SIM 



831 



SKE 



whntn, in 1S20, he sailed from Eng., and in 
May left Montirnl for the Xorih-west. Set- 
tlin;j: nt Lake Ailialiasoa, lie carried on a great 
roinpelitii>n witli tlie Northwest Co.; but in 
1^21 the two roalescecl, when he wa< n|ip. fjov.- 
in-ehief of Hupert's Land, and gen. supt. of all 
the Hudson's l>ay Co.'s altair.s. He planned 
ill 1836 ihe exjied., nnder his nephew Thomas 
Simp.-on. to connect the discoveries of Captains 
Itoss and Buck, evincing such forethought and 
zeal, that the expedition was perfectly success- 
ful. It lasted 3 years, and traced the arctic 
coast of America from the n)ouih of the Mac- 
kenzie River to Point Barrow, and from the 
mouth of the Coppermine River to the Gn!f of 
Boothia. For these services he was knighted 
liy the quden in 1855. He soon after made nn 
overland journey round the world, of which he 
. pnl>. a v?ry intereslingnarrative, Lond 8vo,l 847. 
Simpson, IIe.sry; d. Phila. 186S, a. 77. 
Member ot the legisl. of I'a., and appraiser of 
the |)ort of Phila. Author of " The Lives 
of Eminent Philadelphians," 8vo, 1859. — 

Simpson, James II., brig.-gcn., and col. 
of engineer corps U.S.A., b. X.J. ab. 1812. 
West Point, 1832. A.M. of N.J. Coll. 1848. 
Entering the 3il Art., he was aide to Gen. 
Eustis in the Florida war 1837-8; 1st lieut. 
topog. cngrs. 7 July, 1838; capt. 3 March, 
18.)3; mnj. engr. corps 3 Mar. 1863; lieut,- 
col. June, 1863; col. 7 March, 1867; col. 4th 
N. J. Vols. 12 Aug. 1861, and in the Peninsu- 
lar campai'.'n ; was engaged at West Point and 
Gaines's Mills, where ho was captured 27 June, 
18G2 ; chief eng. dept. of the Ohio Aug. 1862 
to June, 1865; brev. brig.-gcn. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 
1865. Author of "Journal of a Military Re- 
connoissance from Santa K^ to the Navajo 
Country in 1849," 8vo, 1852; " Shortest Route 
to California," 8vo, 1869 ; " Report on the 
U. P. Railroad and Branches," 8vo, 1865. — 
Cnlhun. 

Simpson, M.vthew, D. D. (Wesl. U. 
1841), bishop M.E. Church, b. Cadiz. 0., 21 
June, 1810. Madison Coll. 1829; M.D. 18.33. 
While an infini he lost his father, and the care 
of his education devolved upon his mother. 
Though he had studied medicine, yet he felt it 
his duty to ]>reaeh ; w:us licensed as a local 
jireacher; ord. deacon in 1835, and eMer in 
1837; was pres.of thelnd. Ash. U. in 1839-11 ; 
vicc-pre«. of Alleghany Coll. 1841-51, and prof, 
of natural science; anp. in 1848 editor of the 
Western C/iristinn Aai:ornte ; elected bishop in 
I8.'>2. The intimate i>ersonal friend of Prcs. 
Lincoln, he contributed greatly by his zeal and 
eloquence to sustain the cause of the Union in 
the urcat civil war. 

Simpson, Gkx. Micii.vel, who served in 
A 11. old > tjnehec cxped. in 1775 ; d. near Har- 
ris!. nr-. Pa.. June 15, 1813, a. 80. 

Simpson, Stkpiiln. editor, b. Phila. July 
21, 1789; d. Aug. 17, 1854. George his 
fithcr was cashier of the Bank of the U. S., 
ni:il afrerwanl of Girard's Bank. Under the 
sijnntureof "Brutus," Stephen wrote against 
the U.S. Bank for ihu Ainorn. He was with 
his 1)10. George engagcil in the battle of New 
'Orleans; was chi"f editor and proprietor of the 
i'ortlco; and In 18'J2, with John Conral, eJi:ed 



the Cohimh'ian Ohxerver, in tlic interest of Gen. 
Jackson. He wrote " A Life of Stcpheti 
Girard," 12nio, 1832, and many other works. 
Contrib. to the Philadelphia Bo!ik. — .bV«i/woH. 

Sims, CuFFOHD Sr.vsi.hY, 1>. Pa. 17 Feb. 
1839. Adm. to Phila bar 1860. Now (1S71) 
U. S. consul at Preston, Ontario (l)om. of 
Can.). Author of " Stemmata Rosellana," 
1859; "Origin and Signilicauee of Scottish 
Surnames," Svo, 1862; "Hist, of the N.J. 
Soe. of the Cincinnati," Svo, 1866. Contrib. 
to " Heroes and Martvrs," and the -V.^. (j'ewal. 
and Hist, lie^., &<.: — AlUhone. 

Sims, Ri:.v. Edward DitojtooOLE, scholar, 
b. Brunswick Co., Va., March 24, 1805; d. 
Tuscaloosa, Ala., April 13, 1845. U. of N.C. 
1824. Tutor there in 182.5-7; sub-cquenily 
principal of an acad. at La Granite, Ala. ; and, 
when the coll. was established there, w.is elected 
prof of mathematics and nat. pliilos. At a 
later peiioil he was prof of languages in Ran- 
dolph Macon Coll. In 1836 lie nnide a Euro- 
pean tour, and spent nearly two vears in the 
U. of Halle; prof, of English lit.' U. of Ala. 
1841-5. 

Sinclair, Artiicr, capt. U.S N., !>. Va. 
ah. 1780; d. Norfolk, Va., 7 Feb. 1831. Mid- 
shipin. under Com. Truxton nt the capture of 
the Frencli frigate " L'Insargentc," 1 Feb. 
1799; lieut. lOJnn. 1807; com. 2 July, 1812; 
capt. 24 July, 1813. 

Sinnickson, Thomas, Revol. soldier and 
judge, h. Salem Co., N. J., 1745; d. there May 
15, 1817. Received a classical education, anil 
w.as bred a merchant. Member of the first 
Piov. Congress in 1775. lie served in the 
Revol. war, at the battles of Trenton and 
Princeton as cajit. ; was for many years a 
member of the council and assembly of N. J., 
and pres. judge of the C.C.P. ; member of the 
first Congress' 1789-91, and again in 1797-9. 

Sitgreaves, Ji>iin, Revol. patriot ; d. 
Halifax, N.C, March 4, 1802. He resided at 
Newliern ; was a lieut. in 1776; was aide to 
Caswell at the battle of Camden, Aug. 1780; 
member Old Cont;iess 1784-5; member legisl. 
1786-9; and U.S. dist. judge 1789-1802. 

Skene, Col. Philip; d. Oct. 9, 1810, 
near Stoke Goldington, Bucks, Eng. Grand- 
son of John Skene of llalyards in Fill shii", 
Scotland. He entered the arniv in 1739, and 
served in the cxped. against iVrtobillo ; in 
1741 was at the taking of Carthagena ; and 
was also at the battles of Fontenoy, Cullotlen, 
and Loffeldt. He came to Amer. in 1756; Feb. 
2, 1757, became capt. 27th Regt. ; was wounded 
in the attack on Ticonderogu, July, 1758; was 
app. maj. of brigade 31 July, 1 759 ; and in Oct. 
following was left in charge of Crown Point, 
and projcK'ted a si ttb'ment at Wood Cr 'ek and 
Sontli Bay, at the head of Lake Cliamj lain ; 
in 1762 he accomp. the expcd. against Marli- 
nico an I Havana, and was one of ih' tir-t to 
enter the breach at the stoniiing of the Moro 
Castle. On hLs retnni to N.Y. in 1763 he re- 
newed his eflforts to com])lct • his settlcnunt nt 
Wood Creek, for which a ]iatcnt was granted 
March, 1765, and it was formed into a town- 
ship tinder the name of Skene- borough ; and in 
1770 he I'stablished his residence there. In 
June, 1775, he waa arretted at Phila. as a loy- 



SKI 



832 



8L,A. 



albt; was exchanged in Oct. 1776; nccomp. 
Biirgi>yiii''s expej. ; was with Bauiii in hi- ix- 
|)cd. and dclVnt at Bi'nnin;,'tun ; and li" was 
taken (iriaoner at Sarato.ipi. In 1779 he was 
attainted, uml W\i \<To\KTty contiscated by the 
Icyi>hi;nfv ul' New York. 

Skinner, Ciiarlk< W., commo. U.S.N., 
b. Me. ; d. Riehmond, Vn., Nov. 15, 1860. 
Alid.'ihipm. i^O; lieut. Jnlv 24, 1813; com. 
Mar. 3, 1827 ; capt. Feb. 9, 1837 ; retirod 1855. 

Skinner, Cobtlandt, a loralist brig.-gcn. 
of the Kevol.; d. Bristol, En^'., 1739, a. 71. 
His mother was a dan. of Stephen Van Cort- 
landt, and he was therefore cou.-in to Gen. De 
Lancev, Was atty.-'.in. of X.J. in 1775, and 
in the perfomianee of his otiieiul duties evinced 
l)Oth aliility and intey;rity. He orj;aiiized 3 
battalions, called the N. J. Volunteers. At 
thj jiea e he went to Eni^., where he received 
compensation for losses as a loyalist. One of 
his il.iu^'hiers ni. Sir Wni. KoMnson, coinniiss.- 
een. in the British nmiy. Another ni. Field- 
Marshal Sir Litorge Xu|ient. His son Philip 
Keabnev, lieut.-gcn. British army, b. Amliov, 
N. J., d. Lond. Apr. 9, 1826. He entered the 
service as ensign 1st X.J. Vols, (loyalist); was 
made prisoner in the cxjkhI. to Ostend; served 
in Inland, E. aud W. Indies, and Spain ; and 
attained rank of lieut.-^en. in 1825. — Siilfine. 

Skinner, Jons, an English licut.-gen., b. 
N. J. ; d. En^'. Oct. 10, 1827. Entered the ser- 
vice as ensiiin 16rh Regt. Sept. 4, 1772; capt. 
70th, June lb, 1778. In thecanipaiffnsof 1779- 
81 h« Wiis at the actions of Beaufort and Stono 
Ferry, the di'fence of Savannah njiainst Lin- 
coln and D'Estaing, the successful siege of 
Charleston ; and com. a troop in Col. Tarle- 
ton's Legion in the battles of Blacksto»-ks, Cow- 
pens, and Guilford. In 1795, reducing the rc- 
volti'd Maroons to submission, he saved .la- 
niaiea from the fate of !>t. Domingo ; in 1 804 
he com. the 16th Ke;.'t. in tlie expcd. against 
Surinam ; and aftenvards, while major-pen., 
acted as gov. in sueei-ssion of St. Martin's, 
Santa Cruz, and Guadaloupc in the W. Indies, 
at the capture of which latter island, in 1810, 
he com. a brigade, and for that senice received 
a gold medal. 

Skinner, Jons Stcart, writer on api- 
cultun^ b Md. F.b. 12,1783; d. Baltimore, 
Mar 21, 1851. Adm. to the l>ar in 1809. He 
was agt. of the govt, to conduct some negotia- 
tions with the British forces in Chesaiwako 
Bay in 1812, and, i\-nioving to B.iltimore in 
the fall of 1813, held the oUicc of postmaster of 
that citv 1822-37. He began in 1819 the pub. 
of the Old Ain.r. Fanifr, — the first |K'rio<lical 
in th ' U.S. devoted solily to agricultur.' ; and 
was the lir^t to nroiMse and organize the agric. 
shows in the Miildlc and Southern Stat-.is. 
Third ns-ist. [lostmaslcr-gen. 1841-5. He snlv 
Be<iucntly i^lited the Amrr. Turf Ixroistir, the 
Fiiriiin's I.iljntri/ and A'/rir. Joiinitil, and from 
1848 a monthly journal cilKil Thf Ploimh, tht 
Loom, and the Anvil. Memlnr of many foreign 
agrie. soiietic-s. He nceived a vote of thanks 
from the Chilian Congn « lor s< nices n ndered 
them in their stru:rgle for indep. Author of 
"A Christmas Gift to Young Attrieulturists," 
8vo, 1841; "The Dog and the Sj»orisra::n," 
1845; "Letter on Nautical Edueauon," 1 84 1 . 



— .<?«• yfenmlr of, ly D. P. Puon-, in 0, P., J.., 
and A., July, 1854. 

Skinner, Otis Aissworth, D.D., UniT. 
clerpvman aiul author, b. Rovalton, Vt., July 
3, 1807 ; d. Xapi nille, 111., Sept. 18, 1861. At 
19 he Iwgnn leacliin;: i-cliool and preaching; 
settled in Baltimore in 1831 ; in Haverhill in 
18.36; over the 5th Society in Bf>su>n, Jan. 26, 
1837 ; over the Orthan!-s't. Society, X.Y. City, 
in 1846; over his olil society in lio^ion froin 
Jan. 1, 1849, to April. 1857, when he wttlnl in 
Elgin, III. ; Aug. 1857 l)ecatne prcs. of I^ni- 
liard U., Gnleslmrg, III. ; and in Oct. 185S \f- 
cime pastor of the toiiety at Joliet, III. In 
Baltimore he edit -il a religions paper, the Soiilli- 
rni Pinnetr ; in llaverldll, the (iotjirl Sun; in 
Boston, the i'nii-<r»ii>;.-.t .1/i.«'<//«M/,*a monibiy 
mag. He pul>. " I'niversalisni lltustr..ted anil 
Defended, " Doctrinal S niHms," " IatIi rs 
on the Knapp Excitement," "Letters to Par- 
ents," and "Family \Vor,-hip." He was an 
ellleient worker in the cause ol temperance, of 
education, au<l other relbrms. — Sre I. ff Ij T. 
B. TVioyr, 8vo, 1861. 

Skinner, Kichard, LL.D. (Midd. Coll. 
1817), statesman and jurist, li. Litchlieid, Ct., 
Mav30, 1778; d. Manehestcr, Vt., Mav 23, 
18.33. Son of Gen. Timo'hv. IMucaicd at 
the Litchf. Law School. AJm. to the liar of 
Litchfield Co. in 1800, and passed the remain- 
der of his life in Manchwtcr, Vt. He soon te- 
came the ablest lawyer in the State ; was. app. 
in 1801 State-ativ. for Bennington Co. ; was m 
1 806-1 2 jud.'C oi' probate ; w.-vs M.C. 1 81.1-1 5 ; 
app. assoc. judge of the Sup. Court in 1815; 
cniofjustieom 1816; in 181 8 was elected a mem- 
ber, and sul>.«e<iuently speaker, of the h. of r|>- 
ri'Sintativrs ; gov. in 1820-3; and ag in chief 
justice in 1824-9. He was ano.'Heerof v;.rioi.s 
focal Nnevolent associations, and pn-s. of the 
X. E. branch of the Amer. Eiluen-ion Society. 

Skinner, Tiiom.vs Hmivey, 1). I). (Wm's. 

Coll. I82t;), l.L. D. (18.55), cler-vmau, b. Har- 
vey's X.vk. X.C, Mar. 7, 1791.' N.J. Cdl. 
1809. He Ingnn the siudy of law, hut v»- li- 
censed to preach in Dec. 1812. and nrd. June 
1813 as co-pasliir of the 2d I'resb. Clnirch in 
I'hila. In 1816 he was settled over the 5th 
(New-School) Prcsb. Cbuich, I'liila.; in 18.12 
lie liccainc prof, of sacred rhetoric in .\ndov>r 
Theol. Sem. ; in 1835 |Histor ol the Mercer-st. 
Presb. Church, NY.; and wjis in 1848-71 
prof of SHcred rhetoric ami |>;istoml thi'oloj:* 
in the Vnioii Tliet.l. Sem. ihere. In 18.36 lie 
pub. " The Ueli-i.,n of the Bible." " Prc.M li- 
ing and llcarin::,"' and " Ilinis to Chri-tinn-." 
anil in 18."i4 tninslaiions of Viiiei's " Honii- 
leties"anil " l'n<ionil Theolo^'y." lie has nl-o 
piih oeeiisional di-cour>cs, Helinicius T.ilc of 
V. Miirkw. " Thou;;hi3 on Evanpliiin'.' iho 
World," ami " Discussions in Theologv," 8vo, 
ISG-*. Died Feb. 1, 1871. 

Slack, Kli J A II, MD, I.LD. (N.J. Coll. 
1803), Presb. clergvuinn. b. Bucks Co., Pa., 
1784; d. Ciiicin.,0'.29MBv, 18G6. NJ.Coll. 
1808 Principal of Tniilon Acad. 1808-12; 
viecprcs. and prof, of math, and philos. N. J. 
Coll. 1812-17; removed to Ciiicin. ; was at 
one lime prof, of chemistry in Ohio Med. Coll. ; 
in tlic fall of 1837 removed to Brownsville, 
Tcnn., where be established a high school of 



SIxA. 



833 



SLO 



grcnt excellence, and returncil to Cincin. in 
1844 ; pres. ot'tlic Coll. of Cincinnati. 

Slade, William, guv. of Vt. 1S44-G, b. 
Coniwall, Vt., Mav 9, 1786; d. Midillebury, 
Vt.,Jan. 18, l8.->9. "Mid. Coll. 1807. lie com- 
menced the practice of law at Middlebiiry, Vi., 
in 1810; and in lSU-15 pul>. and cditld tlic 
Ciihtmblan Pnhiut, in connection nitli booksell- 
ing and job-printing, but was unsuccoslnl. 
In ISLVa.} he was see. of state; in 1816-22 
judge of Addison Co. court; in 182.3-9 was 
a clerk in the state dept at Washington ; re- 
sumed the practice of law in .Middlebnry in 
1829; was state's attv. in 1830-1 for Addi- 
son Co.; ^£.C. in 1831-43; in 1844 was re- 
porter of the Supreme Court of Vt.; in 1846- 
53 he was sec. of the National Board of popu- 
lar education. In 1823 he pi:b. the " Vermont 
Stale Papers," a valualjje compilation. In 
1S2.5 he compiled the statutes of Vt. ; and in 
1844 the Vermont Uepurls, vol. xv. He also 
wrote many pamphlets. — Hist. Mag., iii. 9.5. 

Slater, S.ijilel, the father of cotton 
manul. iji the U.S., b. Bclpre, Eng., June 9, 
1768; d. Webster, Ms., Apr. 20,1833. The 
son of a fanner. He received a good education, 
and served his apprenticeship with Jedediah 
Strutt, the partner of Arkwriglit. Having 
cotn|jletcd his term of ser^•iee, he sailed for New 
York, Nov. 13, 178'J. In the ensuing Jan. he 
proceeded to I'awtucket, K.I., where he started 
in Dec. 1790 the first successful cotton-mill in 
the U.S. The restrictions of his govt, prevent- 
ed his taking with him any patterns or draw- 
ings ; and he was compelled to rely entirely 
upon his memory for carrying his plans into 
effect in all their complicated variety. Not 
only was he compelled to prepare all the plans 
in the several departments of the process of 
manufacturing, but also to construct with his 
own hands the different kinds of machinery, 
whether of wood, iron, brass, tin, or leather; 
or else teach others how to do it. Later in life, 
Jlr. Slater also became interested in the wool- 
len and iron manufactures, and acquired great 
wealth. A Memoir, by Geo. S. White, was 
pub. Phila. 8vo, 1830. 

Slaughter, Gabriel, gov. of Kv. 1816- 
20, b. Va. ab. 1767 ; d. Mercer Co., Ivy., Sept. 
19, 1830. An early emig to Ky. ; was a skil- 
ful and successful farmer, and was frequently 
chosen to the State legisl. At the battle of New 
Orleans he was col. of a Ky. regt., and received 
the thanks of the legisl. He was chosen lieut.- 
gov. ; but, on the death of Gov. Madison, the 
rhi< f magistracy devolved on him. 

Sleeper, John Sherburnk, b. Tyngs- 
borougli, Ms., 21 Sept. 1794. For 22 years a 
sailor and shipmaster in the merchant-service 
from Boston ; connected with the X.Ii. AWs- 
JLelier, Kxetcr, 1831-2 ; the Louvll Dailii Jour- 
nal 1833; and editor of the Doslon Journal 
1834-54; mayor of Uoxbury, Ms., 1856-8. 
Author of "Tales of the Ocean," 1842; "Salt- 
water Bubbles," 1854; "Jack in the Fore- 
castle," I860; "Mark Rowland," 1867; also 
addresses. &c. — AHihone. 

Slemmer, Gen. Adam J., b. Montgom- 
ery Co., Pa., ab. 1828; d. Fort Laramie, Ks., 
Oct. 7, 1868. West Point, 18.50. Entering 
tfao Ist Art, he was promoted for gallantry in 



the Seminole war, and was assist, prof, of 
ethics and mathematics at West Point in 18.">5- 
9. , When the Rebellion broke out, he com. a 
small garrison at Fort McRea ; Jan. 10, 1861, 
he threw himself into Fort Pickens, which he 
successfully held until relieved by Col. Brown, 
thus preserving the key to the Gulf of Me.\ico ; 
maj. 16th Inf May 14, 1861 ; brig.-gen. of 
vols. Nov. 29, 1862; engaged at the siege 
of Corinth ; severely wounded in the battle of 
Stone River, Dec. 31, 1862, and disabled from 
further active service ; brev. lieut.-eol. for gal- 
lant and merit, service in that buttle; lieut.- 
eol. 4th Inf. Feb. 8, 1864; 13 Mar. 1865, brev. 
col. and lirig.-gcn. 

Slidell, John, lawver and senator, b. N.Y. 
Citv ah. 1793; d. Lon'd. Julv 29, 1871. Col. 
Cofl. ISIO. He established himself as a 
lawyer in N. Orleans, and practised with suc- 
cess. U.S. dist.-atty.in 1829-33; was frequents 
ly elected to the State legisl., and was M.C. in 
1843-5; in 1845 he was app. by Mr. Polk min- 
ister to Mexico; in 1853 was elected to the 
U.S. senate, and was re-elected in 1.''59. He 
spoke rarely, but sen'cd on important com- 
mittees, and exerted great influence. lie was a 
strenuous supporter of the doctrines of the 
Southern-rights party, and after La. had passed 
the ordinance of secession, in Jan. 1 86 1 , be with- 
drew (Feb. 4) from the senate. In the fall of 
1861 he was sent as a commiss. to France, to- 
gether with Mr. Mason of Va. Embarking from 
Havana in the English mail-steamer " Trent," 
they were both arrested (Nov. 8) by Capt. 
Wilkes of the U.S. frigate " San Jacinto," 
and confined in Fort Warren, Boston harljor. 
Released on the reclamation of the British 
govt., he sailed for Eng. Jan. 1, 1862, where 
he resided until his death. 

Sloan (slnn), Samcel, architect, b. Chester 
Co., Pa., 7 Mar. 1815. Establishing himself 
in Phila., he designed many important ( diliecs, 
among thcui the Blockley Hosijital for the In- 
sane, Phila., and the State Insane Hospit.al, 
Montgomery, Ala. He pub. "Model Ar.hitecr,". 
1850-1; " City and Suburb-in Arehiticture," 
1859; "Homestead Architecture," 1860; and 
"Constructive Architecture," 4to. In l!-6S 
he began the Arcliilr^-turid Rcviw. — Thomas. 

Sloat, .John Draice, rear-admiral U.S.N., 
b. New York 1780; d. New Brighton, Staten 
Island, Nov. 28, 1867. He entered the n.ivy as 
sailing-master, Feb. 12, 1800; was honorably 
discharged in U'Ol ; re-app. .Ian. 10, 1812; 
made Ifeut. .luly 24, 1813 ; master com. Mar. 
21, 1826; capt." Feb. 9, 1837; commo. (retired 
list) July 16, 1^62 ; and rear-.adm. July, 1866. 
He was in the action of " The United States" 
and " Macedoni.in," Oct. 25, 1812; com. "The 
Grampus" in 1824-5, and engaged in exter- 
minating the W. India pirates ; and peiformr'd 
his last active service as com. of the Pacific 
squadron in 1846-52. He was then placed in 
charge of the Norfolk navy-yard, ami subse- 
quently superintended the construction of the 
Stevens Battery at Iloboken, and the U.S. 
mail-steamships sailing from New York. 

Sloeum, Gen. Henrv Wadsworth, b. 
Syracuse, N.Y., Sept. 24, 1827. West Point, 
1852. Entering the Ist Art., he was made 1st 
lieut. March 3, 1855; resigned Oct. 31, 1856, 



SLO 



834 



SMA 



and sottlfd as a Inwvor in Syrncnsi-, liaving 
liri'viou'ilv pi\'(>arv<l liiini'lt fortlu' prul'o,<>ion ; 
lol. JTtli'X.Y. Vol-. Muy 21, 1861 ; In- joiiK-.l 
ftKDuwell's otiiir when it wiu al>uul lu nd- 
vttucc ; v\ MS ivssi^n.'cl to Col. Anilrvw Port<r's 
bri^-alt', Hunter » division, ami at the hattlo of 
Bull Kun was shot thi\)ut:h tlu> thi^li ; lirii,'.- 
e\.n. vo'.a. An;;. 9, lS61,and a.'vsigned a liri^ide 
III Franklin's div. ; he wa.4 at tlio kittle of 
Wc-t Foint, Va. ; took com. of the dixTsion 
U|ion Cien. Franklin's U>ini; ai«igni'd to the 
com. of an army corps, Mav 15, l«'-62 ; served 
ai th' liattle of Oaincs's Mills, June 27, Ixung 
onlervxl to n'-<'nforce Cien. Fitzjohn Porior, then 
scviTvly piv^sod bv the enemy ; and lnUl the 
ri^ht of ttie nriin line at the liattle of tilendalc, 
June 30, a^Hin>t supeiior numbers, lie was 
made luaj.-geii. .lulv 4 ; took iiart in the liattles 
01 Manassas, Souili Mountain, and Anti'Uim; 
ami in Oct. w;i;3 lusi^ned to command the IJlh 
cor|)9, previously under G\n. Banks. This 
corps liv' led at Freilericksbur^, Chancellors- 
ville, and t!. tiysbur^, July 1— J, where h'' com. 
the ri^hi winj: ; was iKX-upii'd in ^H.inling the 
Nashvi.le and Chattanooga Kailroad. Sei>t. 
1;?63-Apr. IS64; com. 20th corps in the At- 
lanta campaign ; com. the nnny of Ga., one 
of the grand diTisious of Sh^nuan's amir in 
the L'riat march thion'.;h t.;eori;ia and the 
C.iroTiiULS, Nov. 11, 1S64, to June 9, 1S65. 
takiii)^ |Kirt in the uniiieruus skirmishes and 
battles of the c;iinpai^n; rosi'.:ned 2S Sept. 
180.5. M.C. from BrookU-n, N.T., 1869-71. 
— Cw'/'im. 

SlOUgb, Jons P., politician, b. Cincinnati, 
O., 182'J; kiiletl at Santa Fe, N.M., Dec. 16, 
IsC7. lie pracised law in Cincinnati. In 1850 
he was elevtod to ihe Ohio Uxisl., from which, 
as he would not ajOlOjirizi', ne was exp>,IU-d 
for striking on; of th- ineml)erii. In 1852 he 
became svC. of the Central Democ. Conv. of 
Ohio. Soon alter this he went to Kansas, and 
in 1860 to l>L-nver. On the Im'aking-out of 
the Rebellion, 1k' raised a comiMiny of vols., 
and assumed com. of Fort (.iarland. Becom- 
ing col. 1st Colorado Regt., he was sent into 
New Mexii-o, and took coin, of Kort Union ; 
hcrv he fought hi? tirst battle at Pigeon's 
Rauehe, cau--ing the ntri'at of the 'Texan 
troope under Oca. SibUy. The biittlc was 
fought in direct opposition to the onlcrs of 
Uen. Canby, but tenninated sno-essfully, and 
gave him gr>.at popularity. Repairing to 
Wa.-hingion. he was made a brig.-gen. of vols., 
and was niUit. gov. of A!exan<lria till the cloao 
of the war. Ap^i. chief justice of the Terr, of 
New Mexico, Ins imperious temiH-r rendered 
him very unt<opular; and a s<'ries of resolutions 
were pas.e.! in the legisl., advocating his re- 
moval, wliieh 1 tl to a personal encounter with 
the senator who intrwluccU them, rvsuliing in 
the deatli of Mr. S oii-h. 

Scnttll, Jolts, a British eon.,b. Strathardle, 
Alliiile, ts-otland, I72G; d. IJuenisey, Mari'h 
17. 1796. Alter serving in the Scotch liri;.'ado 
in the Dutch 8er>ice, he wa.s i-ommissioned as 
ensign in th>' 42d llighlamlers, Aug. 29, 1747, 
and was eniploycil hunting' the nbiU through 
the Highlands; in 1756 he was app. lieut. in 
his old n-gt. on the eve of its departure for 
Aim riea to join the force under Loudon ; in 



175? he ocn-ed under Abercrombic in theattai'k 
on Tieond<-n>'_'a, an^l atcomp. Amherst the fol- 
lowing year in his ex|>e<l. ; in 1760 he went to 
Monrnul; seni-din the W. Imliesin 1762; and 
Au/. 6 of that year was mailc eapt. .June 14, 
1775, he reiiivwl a eoniniU-i<m as inaj. to niisc 
a corjis of Highlaiulers in Nova Scotia in aid 
of the crown. Maj. Small was in the batile 
of Bunker's Hill, and is a prominent tignrv in 
Tninibull's pictuiv. App. ninj. com. the 2d 
biitt. of the 84lh Roynl Emigrants, with a por- 
tion of which he joined the aniiy under Sir 
H. Clinton at New. York in 1779, and in 1780 
was app. lieut.-col. of his rvgt. He iKxaiue 
col. Nov. 18, 1790, and in 1793 was app. lieul- 
gov. of tiiiemscv ; maj -gen. Oct. S, 1794. 

Smallcy, Jbiis, D.D. (N.J Coll. 1800), 
Conu'. iiiiiiisier of Berlin, Ct., b. Lebanon, Cl., 
June 4, 1734; d. June I, 1820. Y.C. 1756. 
He studiiil tlK'ology with Dr. Brilamy, and 
was ord minister of Berlin, Apr. 19, 1758. 
He WiU one of the most eminent of the gnai 
divims of New England, and iliouglit and 
wrote with a logical aivuracv and rvrpieuity 
that arc s.'ldom ,sllrpass^^l. ftis eeli-lir.it, <1 ser- 
mons on "Natural and Moral Inability," jmb. 
in 1760, wen- rvpnli. in Eng., and also, it is 
believed, in a Gennan translation lleiHib. a 
s<rmon on "Eternal Salvation." "None but 
Believers Savixl," &*•., "Perfection of Divine 
Law," and " Evils of a Weak liovemiiu nt ; " 
also 2 large vols, of sermons, and contrik to 
magazines. 

Stnallwood, William, maj.-p>n., b. Md. ; 
d. there Feb. 14, 1792. He was niiide a col. in 
1776; Aug. 8 arrivnl at New York at the 
head of a battalion, coaiposed of nvn Ulong- 
ing to the best families of Md., which suliered 
most scven-lv in the defeat at Long Island, at 
whiih Smallwood was not present; was in iho 
action at White Pl.-uns ; made brig.-gen. Oct. 
23, 1776; and in the summer of 1777 an-omn. 
(ien. Sullivan on his exi>e<l. to Staicn Lsland. 
When the British arriveti in the Cht-saivake, 
he was despaichi>l to assemble the militia of 
the Western Slion- of Md., with alout 1,000 i-f 
whom he JMiuv d the main army. Se;'t. 28. He 
led the Nld. militia at the battle of German- 
town ; was made maj -gin. S pt. 15. 1 7,-0, « lii!e 
w ith Gates at the Sonili, and. alter the defeat 
at Camden, returned to the North, refusing to 
8.'r%'e under Banm SteiiU'ii, who was his s* cior 
officer, and di-elaring his intention to 1 ave the 
si mee unli'ss Con-res> should cause his i-oin- 
mission to be dateii 2 years Ik fore his app., — a 
claim justly ngardcd as aKsurd. Memk'rof 
Congress in 1785, and in 1785-8 gov. of Man- 
land. 

SraariUS, Rev. S J., R C. mi.isionnry ne I 
nuihor. Ii. TeJIiarg. Holland, 3 Mar. I8;:'3; d. 
Detroit, S .Mar. 1870. Atier compleiiiig I. is 
stmlics at the I', of North Bnil«ni. he eaine 
to the US. and joined the S.ieieiv of Jesus m 
F:ori»,sant. Mo, 13 Nov. 1841. \Vhi'c a pn'f. 
of poetry and rheloric at Cincinnati (184.1-,'<), 
he pub. anonymously many poems of much 
Kauiy. Onl.' iiriesi" in 1849 Aj'p. in 1853 
pastor of the t hunh of St. Francis Xavier, 
St. Lonis, he bivaine celcbratitl for his elo- 
qiiemn' and for controversial «l>i!itv. In 1861 
he was detailed for nii«sionarv lal<or, with a 



SIVIE 



SMI 



l!>r<re fifld of operntions ; and in 1865 visited 
F.iinipc for his licalth. Ilia book, " The 
roims of Controvcrsv," displays learning and 
al.ility. 

Smet, Father Peteh de, since 1823 a 
R.C missionary ainon;; the I{ock_v-Mt. Indians. 
Author of " Letters and .Sketches, and Resi- 
dence in the Rocky Mountains," 1843; "Ore- 
gon Missions and Travels, &c., in 1845-6," 
1S47; "Western Missions and Missionaries," 
186.3 ; " Reisen :u den FelsenyebiiyeH,".&c., 186D. 
— Aflihone. 

Smibert, or Smybert, .lonji, a Scottish 

painter, b. Kdinliuri^h a!i. 1084; d. Boston, 
1751-2. He hail studied in Italy. Early in 
life he went to Lond., where he had attained a 
respecialilc pd^itinn as a portrait-painter, when 
he was induced in 1728 to accompany Dean 
Berkeley to America; and, upon the failure of 
the henevolent scheme of the latter, ho settled 
in Boston, where in 1730 he ra. Mary Wil- 
liams. He painted most of the contemporary 
worthies of N. England and N.Y., and, accord- 
ing to Dunlap, exercised a considerable influ- 
ence upon Copley, Allslon, and Trumbull. The 
only portrait of Jonathan Edwards is his pro- 
duction. His most celebrated painting is a 
Iiirge piece representing Berkeley and several 
niemhers of his family, together with the artist 
himself, on their tirst landing here. It is now 
in the possession of Yale Coll. His son Xa- 
TiiASii;!., al-o a painter, d. aged 21. 

Smiedel (smee'-del), or Schmeidel, 

L'liich, a (Jerman traveller, h. Strauliingen. 
Mas one of the founders of Buenos Ayios ab. 
l.')34. In 15.")4 he pub. an account of his trav- 
els in I'eru and on the Paraguay River. 

Smilie, Jons, M.C. 1793-5 and 1799- 
1813, b. Ireland, 1741 ; d. Washington, D.C., 
Dec. .30, ISI2. Came to Pa. in 1760; settled 
in Lancaster Co. ; served during the Rcvol. in 
both civil and military capacities, and after- 
ward in the Pa. legislature ; chairman of the 
com. on foreign relations in Congress. 

Smillie, George D., landscape-painter, b. 
N.Y. City, 29 Dec. 1840. Son of James, the 
well-known landscape-engraver. He entered 
the studio of James M. Hart in 1861, and in 
the autumn of 1862 took a studio and began 
his artist career. In 1864 his " Snnny-Brook 
Farm " procured him a momhersliip in the 
Nat. Acad. Ills chief pictures are, "The 
Mountain Side," "A Mountain Ravine," 
'■ Meadows at Conway," and the "Bouquet Riv- 
er and Hills from the White .Mts. and Adiron- 
dacks." James I)., landscape-painter, bro. of 
the preceding, b. N.Y. City 18.3.3. Learned the 
art of engraving of his father, and was in 
the employ of the Amer. Bank-Note Co. until 
1 862, when he visited Europe, and determined 
to become a painter. Uc took a studio with 
his bro. George in 1864 ; became a member of 
the Nat. Acad, in 1865; and is treas. of the 
Soc. for the Development of Water-<'olor 
Painting. Among his pictures is " Ausablc 
Lake," in the Adirondacks. He has Ijccn some 
time engaged npon a scries of 22 plates illus- 
trating Bryant's poem "Among the Trees." 

Smith, Andhew Jackso.v, brev. mnj gen. 
VS. A., b. Bucks Co., Pa., ab. 1814. West 
Poirit, 1838. Entering the 1st Dragoons, he 



became 1st lieut. 4 Mar. 1845; capt. 16 Feb. 
1847; muj. 13 May, 1861; 1st Cav. 3 Aug. 
1861; lieut.-col. 5th Cav. 9 May, 1S64; col. 
7th Cav. 23 July, 1866; brig.-gen. vols. 17 
Mar. 1862; raaj.-gen. vols. 12 May, 18G4. He 
served in the Mexican war 1847-8, in the 
Oregon hostilities 1835 and 1860; chief of 
cavalrv (dept. of the Mo.) Feb.-Mar. 1862, and 
(of th'e .Mpi.)Mar.-July, 18G2, and engaged at 
siege of Corinth; com. division in assault of 
Chickasaw BlufTs 27-29 Dec. 1^62; ami at 
Arkansas Post 11 Jan. 1863; com. div. l.ith 
corps in Vicksburg Campaign, Jan.-Julv, 
I8B3; com. Cth div. I6th corps, Aug. 1863 lo 
Jan. 18G4, 3d div. (same corps) ,Jan.-Mar. 18G4. 
In Rcd-rivcr campaign, Mar.-May, 1864, he 
com. detachments of 16th and i7tli corps, 
and engaged at Fort De Russy, Pleasant Hill, 
and Cane River; com. right wing 16th corps 
in M|ii. and Tcnn. June-Sept. 1864 ; in opera- 
tions in Mo. during Price's raid, Sept. -Nov. 
1864 ; coin, detachment of Thomas's army 
against Hood, Dec. 1864 to Jan. 1S65 ; com. 
I6th corps, Feb.-Jnly, 1865, in Moliile cam- 
paign ; and engaged in siege of Spani.-h Fori, 
ami occupation of Montgomery ; brev. col. 10 
Apr. 1864 for Pleasant Hill, La.; brev. brig.- 
gen. 13 \Iar. 1865 for battle of Tupelo, Mis. ; 
and maj. -gen. for battle of Nashville; resigned 
Mav 6, 1869. — C"//«m. 

Smith, Asa Dodge, D.D. (Wms. Coll. 
1849), LL.D. (U. of N.Y. 1864), pres. of 
Daitui. Coll. sHice Oct. 18, 1863, b. Amherst, 
N.II., Sept. 21, 1804. Dartm. Coll. 1830; 
And. Sem. 1834. Pastor of the 14th-st. 
Piesb. Ch., N.Y. City, Nov. 2, 1834-Oct. 15, 
1863; lectured as prof, of pastoral tlieol. at 
the Uii. Theol. Sem. 1843-4. He has pul). 
"Letters to a Young Student," 1838; " Dis- 
course on the Life of Rev. Charles Hall, O.D.," 
1854; " Memoir of Mrs. Louisa A. Leaviit," 
1843 ; and many sermons and discourses. 

Smith, AconsTus William, LL.D. (Ham. 
Coll. 1850), clergyman and teacher, h. New- 
port, Herkimer Co., N.Y., Mav 12, 1802; d. 
Annapolis, Md., March 26, 1866. Ham. Coll. 
1825. His earlier years were passed on a 
farm. He became a teacher in the Oneida 
Conf. Sem. atCazenovia; was prof, of niailie- 
malics and astronomy in Wesl. U. 1831-57; 
and pres. in 1852-9 ;"fiom 1859 until bis <1. 
he was prof, of natural philos. in the U S. 
Naval Acad, at Annapolis. He was an excel- 
lent mathematician, and author of some val- 
uable text-books. In 1860 he was one of the 
corps of astronomers sent hv govt, to Labra- 
dor to observe the .nnnular eclipse of the sun. 

Smith, Rev. Azariah, M.D., missionary, 
b. Manlius, N.Y., Feb. 16, 1817; d. Ainia'i, 
June 3, 1851. Y.C. 1837. To improve his 
usefulness as a missionary, he studied medicine 
as well as theoloiry. In 1842 he embarked for 
Western Asia; early in Jan. 1843 arrived at 
Smyrna, and, during two months of that year, 
resided at Briisa. He made numerous jour- 
neys into the interior ; was the travelling com- 
panion of Layard ; and subsequently, when ihe 
Asiati'- cholera raged there, he successfully ad- 
ministered to those afflicted with it. In 1843 
he settled at Aintab, about 70 miles north nf 
Aleppo. Author of papers on Meteorology 



SMI 



836 



«nJ Strian Antiquities, pnb. in the .I'M-nV-d.-i 
JoHrtial of SrlfHCt. 

Smitil, Benjamin Bosworth, D.D., 
bishop of the Pr.-K[ii<. di(X-c«c of Kv . I). Bris- 
tol. R I. .June 13. 179^. Bn>wn l'. ISIS. OrU. 
deacon ISIT; priost 1SI8; con«.xv l>i>hop 0>t. 
31. IMS. m X Y. K.liieU the £/».«•. lifj.of 
I'l. \$-2-. und E/'iff- itrmrdrr, Phila. 1829. 

Smith, BccKlxr.HAJl. hi<t. writer, h. Cum- 
berland Island, Ca, -U t)ct. 1810 ; d. N.Y. Citv, 
J.<n. 5, 1S71. CimS. Uw School, 1 SJ6. Jlo 
practiseil law in Mc. where he wii« a member 
of the Assembly ; US. chuy/ cTnff lii-n to 
Mexico I?.^0; sec. of legation at Mn-lrid 
lSin-9; judge of « ivun, and State senator 
of Fla. Ho pub. " NnrraiiTO of rii'ioca dc 
Vaca." 1S31 ; " Letter from De Soto in Flu. 
of July 9. 1539, with Maps and Notes." 1S54 ; 
" Granimurs of the Hevc and Sonont L:in- 
gnages." 1S61-2; "Inquiry into the Authcn- 
licity of Vcrnxzani's Claims of Discovery in 
the U.S.," 1S64; " N'arr.itives of the C.ireer 
of De Soto in Fla.," pnh. bv the Bradford 
Club ; " Conquest of Florida.'' translated from 
the Spanish,' 1$66; and in S]>anish. docu- 
ments relatins to the history of Fla.. and a 
geog. descrip. of Sonora, &o. ; also ci>ntrili. to 
2/isf. May. and to Ouyckinck's " Cyclopasdia 
of American Literature." 

Smith, Caleb, minister of Oranp?. N. J., 
from N'ov. 30, 1T4S, to his d. Oct. 20. 1762 ; h. 
Biwkharen. L.L, Dee. 29. 1723. Y.C. 1743. 
Author of a sermon on the death of Kev. 
Aaron Burr 1737. An "Account of his Life, 
from his Diary," &o., was puh. 1763. He 
m. Martha, dau. of Jonathan Dickinson. — 
Sl'niijiif. 

Smith, Caleb Blood, statesman, b. Bos- 
ton. Ms., .-Vpr. 16, I SOS; d. Indiana^Mlis. Jan. 
T. 1S64. His parents emi". to Ohio in 1S14. 
He was educated at the ( incinnati and the 
Miami Collcsres. Studied law at Cincinnati 
and Connersvillc, Ind. ; adm. to the b;)r in 
182S; beyan practice at Connersville ; estab- 
lished and edited the Smlimt in 1S32; was a 
member of the Ind. h. of representatives in 
IS33-6 and in 1S40 ; speaker of the house in 
1S3.V-6 ; and was several years one of the fund 
commiss. of Ind.: M.C. 1S43-9; and one of 
the cvimmiss. to adjust claims with Mexico, and 
then resumed practice at Cincinnati. In 185S 
he removeil to Indianapolis, and practised law, 
until, in Mar. IS6I. app by Pres. Lincoln see. 
of the interior. Dee. 22. 1S62, the senate con- 
finned his nomination as U.S. circuit judge for 
Ind. ; member of the Peace Congress at \Vash- 
inpon. Feb. 1S61. 

Smith, Chabi.es, Kxiksetlerof N.Y. City ; 
d. IS'18. a. 40. Translatetl for the stage pl.tys 
of Kotxcbuc and Schiller, and pub. and eilited 
the .l/m.'/i/y .Wi /.M y Kei-osiluty. X.Y., 2 vols. 
Svo, 1 79*^7 ; " Gentleman's Polit. Pocket 
Almanac." 1797. 

Smith, Charle*. LL.D.. jurist, b. Phila. 
1 770 ; d. there .Mar. 1 S. 1 ^36. S.in of \Villiam, 
prof, of the U. of Pa. He arrange<| and pub. 
the Laws of Pa . 5 vols. Svo. lSlO-12. 

Smith, Gex. Charles Fkrcison, b. Pa. 
ah. ISOS ; d. Savannah. Tenn.. Apr. 25, 1S62. 
Son of Dr. Samuel B. West Point. 1S25. 
As.-ist. instr. int". tactics, June, lS29-^pt. IMl ; 



iili. West Point, Sept. lS31-Apr. 1S3S ; in»tr. 
inf. t.ictics, and commandant of cadets, Apr. 
18n9-Sept. IS42: capt. 7 Julv. 1838; brvv. 
major " for gallant iMuduct iu luittles of P»lo 
Alto and IU-sa>a de la Palina." 9 May. 1846; 
bivv. lieuL-col. forgallantry at .Monterey. Mes., 
23 Scpu 1846; brvv. col. "for gall.intry In 
liattlcsof Contrera< and Churubu-co," 2ti Aug. 
1847 ; major 1st .\rt. Nov. 25 1854 ; lieut -o I. 
10th Inf. Mar. 3. 1855; aciing insp.-gen. iu 
.Mexico. June. 1848 ; cid.3d Int'. Sept. 9. 1861 ; 
brig.-gen. vols. Aug. 31. 1S61 ; m^ij -gen. Mar. 
21. 1)^62. He com. the Union forcis for sniiiij 
lime ill Ky. ; led a divi-ion under Gen. Grant 
at the capture of Fort I>onels<m. in wliicli he 
greatly dieting, himself, leading a charge that 
was decisive of the biitlle. ami was afterward 
onlercil to Savannah. Tenn., where he died of 
dysenierv soon alter his arrival. 

Smith, CiiARLE!) U.. brev. roaj.-iren. 
U.S..\.. b. Fjist()ort. .Me. Capt. Isl Me. lav. 
Sept. 1861; lieut--«-ol. Mar. I.<63; col June, 
1863; engaged at Cedar .Mount..;!. K.i; i i .;m- 
nock Station, Sei-ond Bull K - 
Raid. Aldic. Middleburg, G> 
Station, and Mine Run ; in ^ 
campaign, May-June. 1864 ; ai r..i,l - I'^iv, r-i. 
South Anna. Hanc's Shop. Trevillian^ Station, 
and wounded ; and bivv. brig.-gen. for disting. 
conduct at St. M.try's Church ; cum. cav. 
brigade at Reams's Station ; com 3d brig. 
Gregg's ilir. Oct. 1864. at Rowant* Creek, 
Gravelly Run. Boydton Plank Ro id. Dinwiddle 
C.H.. Juttersville Station, and the operations 
ending in the surrender of Iak ; brvv. brig.- 
gen. U.S..\. for Sailor's Creek, and brcv. maj.- 
gen. U.S.A. for gallant and mcrlL scrviees 
during the war; col. 19th U.S. Inf. 15 Mar. 
1869.— //«iry. 

Smith, Cotton ALither. mini-ter of 
Sharon, Ct„ fr«n) .\ug. 28, 1755, to hi- d. Nov. 
27, 18t>6: b. Suffi.M, Ct., 1731. Y.C. 1751. 
Grandson of Rev. Henry of WethersfieJd ( 1 539- 
1648). A zealous patriot, and a rhapl on In 
the Kevol. army in 1775. He pub. 3 single 
sermons. 1770. '71. "93. 

Smith, Gen. Daniel, RctoI. patriot, and 
an early settler of Cumlierland. Tenn., b. 
Fauquier Co.. Va. ; d. Sumner Co., Tenn., 16 
June. 1818. He fi le>l many puldic offices ; was 
a conspicuous member of the conv. that formed 
the Tenn. const.: and was U S. senator 1798- 
9 and 1805-9. He pub the tirst map of Tenn., 
and a i:rt>.;rapliT of the countn". printed bv 
Can-y at Phila. ab. 1799. 

Smith, Daniel, missionary at Natches 
1816-20, b. Bennington, Vl., 1789; d. I oui«- 
villc, Ky . 1822. Mid Coll. 1810 : And. Thtol 
Sem With S. J. Mills he pub. report of 
their lour west of the Alleghany Mountains, 
8vo, 1 81 3. — Spm-im. 

Smith, KoMfsu KiRBT. gen. C.S.A., b. 
St. .\ngn>tine. Fla.. ah. 1825. West Point, 
1843. Son of Jos«"ph L. Smith, tirst prv siding 
judge of the Supreme Court for the e^istem 
(listrict of Fla., foniierlv a lawyer of Liichlield, 
Ct. His mother was V'ranc»'>. dau. of Judge 
Kphraiiu Kirby. App. brev. 2d lieut. 5th Int. ; 
di>ting. at Palo Alto and Resaca ile la Palma, 
May 9. 1846; 2d lieut. 7ih Inf. Aug 9; won 
the'brvvs. of Isl lieut. and capt. for );altantrr 



837 



SMI 



at Ccrro Gordo (Apr. IS) und Contrcras and 
Chiiriibusco (Aii;;. 20, 1847); assist, prof, 
mathematics West Point, Oct. 23, 1849-52; 
1st lieut. 9 March, 1851 ; capt. 2cl Cav. .3 Mar. 
1855; major 31 Jan. 1861; resi;;iied Apiil 6, 
1801. lie served under Van Dorn in Western 
Texas ; and was disting. and severely wounded 
in action with tlie Comanelies, May 13, 1859. 
App. a brig -gen. Confed. army, he served under 
Gen. J. E. Johnston in tlic Army of the Shen- 
andoali, and brought up the fresh brigade 
whose arrival decided the battle of Hull Run in 
favor of the Confederates, on wliic-li occasion 
he was severely wounded. Sept. 24, 1801, ho 
was m. at Lynchburg, Va., to Miss Cassie Scl- 
dcn, after wfiich he com. the 4th division of 
the Army of the I'olomac. Promoted to maj.- 
gcn., ho was ordcTcd immediately after the 
cai)ture of Fort Donelson, April 8, 18G2, to 
com. the dept. of I'.ast Tenn. He led the ad- 
vance of (Jen. liragg into Ky. Aug. 1862 ; was 
made lieut. -gen. in Oct. ; was in the battle of 
Murfrecs!)orough ; and early in 1863 took com. 
of t!ie Trans->l])i. Army, which he surrendered 
to Gen. Canby 26 May, 1865, at Baton Kouge. 
He com. the troops in the Red-river campaign 
of Gen. Banks, and was much occupied in co^ 
ton s]Hcnlations in 1 864-5. 

Smith, ICowARD U.vnRELL, M.U. (Phila. 
Coll. ISO')), prof of chemistry and mineralogy 
S.C. Coll. ; d. near St. Louis, Mo., Aug. 17, 
I8I9. N.J. Coll. 1795. Translator of Dc- 
sault's " Surgery," 2 vols. 8vo, 1814. He pub. 
Inang. Diss<Ttation on the Circulation, 1800. 

Smith, Edwabd Delafield, lawyer, b. 
K.K-hest.-r, N.V., 8 May, 1826. U. of N.Y. 
I -46. Son of Dr. Archclaus G., whose grand- 
f.ilier emig. from Eng. to Ct. Adm. to the 
bar in 1848, and began practice in N.Y. City, 
attaining a liigh rep. as a mercantile laA\Ter. 
U.S. dist.-atty. for N.Y. 1861-5. Author of 
"Avida;,"a poem, 1843; "Destiny," a poem, 
1 '<46 ; Reports N.Y. Court of Common Pleas, 
1 <.-,0-8, 4 vols. 8vo, 1855-9. Contrib. to Knkk- 
(rlui'-kfr i\[ivinzlne, &c. 

Smith, Kev. Eli, D.D., b. Northford, Ct., 
Sc])!. 13, 1801; d. Beirflt, Syiia, Jan. II, 
1S57. Y. C. 1821 ; And. Sem. In May, 1826, 
embarked as a missionary, and to<jk charge of 
the printing-establishment at Malta. He was 
afterwards transferred to the mission in Syria. 
An account of an exploration of Armenia 
made by him in 1830-1 was nub. 18.33 in 2 
vols. I'lo afterwards pub. a coll. of missionary 
sermons and addres.scs. In 1838, and again in 
1852, he was the companion and coadjutor of 
Prof Edward Robinson in bis extensive and 
thoroii^li exploration of Palestine. His great 
kncjwicilgc of Arabic enabled him to render im- 
txirtiiut service in the j<roduction of a new and 
nnprovcil form and font of Arabic type. Ab. 
I^<46 he commenced the great undertaking of 
preparing a new translation of the Bible into 
Araljic, on which he labored to the close of his 
life. 

Smith, Ei.iAS, preacher and author, found- 
er of the first religious newspaper in the world, 
b. Lyme, Ct., June 17, 1769; d. Lynn, Ms., 
Jine 29, 1846. In early life he taught school, 
though his own education wa,s scanty ; and in 
17D0 commenced preaching; ord. at'Lcc, Ms., 



Aug. 1792; at Woburn, Nov. 14, 1798, where 
he remained till Sept. 1801. lie alfirward 
pre;K'lied in various jjlaces. Kev. Matthew 
Hale Smith (" Burleigh ") is his son. In 1803 
he pub. " The Clergyman's Looking-Cilass," 
and " The Hi.-;tory of Anti-Christ;" in 1805 he 
began the ClniHlian's Mail-, [lub. quarterly for 
two years. lie pub. 22 sermons on the Prophe- 
cies, Exeter, 1808. ScT>t. 1, 1808, he k'gan 
the llrriild of Gosf>el LUierl;/. This was llie 
Jir.1t rdiijiniwi newsimjirr ever pMiAed, having 
been starn<l 5 years before the Heti'jioiis Itiwrm- 
brimrer of Phila., and 8 years before the /jV/oh 
Heconler {Prince's Christian JJislori/, 1743-4, 
was not properly a newspajicr) : it was discon- 
tinued in Sipt. 1817. Also author of "New- 
Testament Dictionary," Phila. I8I2; essav on 
"The Kail of Angels and Men," &c , 1812; 
" Life, Conversion, Preaching, Travels, and Suf- 
ferings of Elias Smith," Portsm. I2mo, 1816; 
" The Herald of Life and Immortality," 8 Nos. 
from Jan. 1819 to Oct. 1820, 12mo; Boston; 
"TheAmeriean Phy.sician and Family Assist.," 
12mo, 18.32; "The People's Book,'' Boston, 
1836; "The Age of Enquiry;" "Christian's 
Pocket Companion," Exeter, 1825, &c. 

Smith, Eliiiu HunBAKD, M.D., physi- 
cian, b. Litchfield, Ct., 4 Sept. 1771 ; d. N'.Y. 
City 19 Sept. 1798. Y.C. 1786. He settled 
in practice in New York in 1793 ; soon became 
discing., obtaine da lucrative business, and in 
1796 was app. a physiiian in the N.Y. Hos- 
pital. He was unremitting in his attention to 
the sufferers by the yellow-fever in 1798, to 
which he himself fell a victim. He possessed 
practical talent of a high order, as is evinced by 
his epistle prefixed to the Amer. edilion of 
Darwin. He pub. " Edwin and Angelina," an 
opera in 3 acts, 1797; "Discourse before the 
Manumission Society," 1798; Letters to Wm. 
Buel on the Fever which prevailed in New York 
in 1795; and in 1793 pub. the first collection 
ever made of American poetry. He contrib. 
to the ,V. Y. Med. Ilepositori/ papers on Pesti- 
lential Fever in Granada in 1793, Natru-al His- 
tory of the Elk, and on Pestilential Disetises. 
Supposed author of " Andrt;," a .5-act tragedy, 
1798. 

Smith, ELiZAnETH OAitES (I*rince), au- 
thoress, b. Portland, Me. She m. Seba Smith 
at the age of 16, and about the same time be- 
came an anonymous contrib. of jioems to the 
periodical press. Her husband's peeuninry mis- 
fortunes aficrward induced her to make litera- 
ture a profession. Her children, it is said, bear 
the Ui.me of Onksmith. In 1843 appeared the 
first considerable coll. of her [loetical pieces, 
entitled "The Sinless Child and Oihcr Po- 
ems," and her contributions of verse to tho 
magazines have since been numcrou.s. She is 
the writer of " The Roman Tribute " and " Ja- 
cob Leisler," Irngcdies ; " The Western Cajv 
tivc" ami "Bertha and Lily," novels; "The 
Lost An;;el." 1848, a novel ;' " Riches withiint 
Wings;" "Hints on Dress and Beauty;" 
" Shadow Land ; " " The Salamander, a legend 
for Christmas ; " and many children's books and 
miscclhincous works. In 1851 she pub. " Wo- 
man and her Needs," a work devoted to the 
rights of woman, which .Mrs. Smith has ofteD 
advocated by pen and public addresses. 



SMI 



SMI 



Smith, Klizcr Goodrich b. Durliani, 
Cl. Y.C. 1823. Cons- minister of <li;>lciis- 
bunr. N.Y., 1829—31 ; eiiico in the cuvt. !*nicc 
(t \Vasliin;j;ton fur luanv _vear«. Has pub. " Me- 
moir of C A. I'orier,'' I84'J ; "' Keonoiiiy of 
Farniini;," frv>m the Cicrniun of Uur^vr. 1842 ; 
'• Je.in .\Iarie," IS 30 ; " tt'iiilir in S|iiixlH;r- 
gen." frwin the Geniian of UiliKbruiiilt. 1852 ; 
■■ Three Dnvs in Memphis," fr«ni i':e (.lernian 
Dl U:ileinan. ISJS; ami " Oonla on Rust anil 
Blight in Ciniin," IM7. lie preiKtreJ the 
U.S. Agrie. Re|>ort.s of 1841-8, nn.l has cOit- 
v<l ami conirib. to a number of perioUieals. — 
M'Ho'ie- 

Smith, Mrs. Emklise SiiEiiMtN. wife of 
Janus .M. Smith of the N.Y. biir, l>. Xcw Bal- 
timore, N.V., 182.!. Author of ''The Fairy 'j 
Sear, h ami Hther Poems," 1847 : and " Poems 
anil Balhids," 8ro, 1859. Mrs. Smith has ron- 
trib. to the Home Jon rmil, Stic - Yorktr, Liulits' 
CoiiifHt'iton, &e. — Alitboiie. 

Smith, Ktii.vs, minister and theol. writer, 
b. Uvieliertown. Dec. 19, 1762; d. Au;;. 29, 
1849. Durtm. Coll. 1790. He wa,s a soldier 
«t West Point at the time of Arnold's trv;.i>on4 
was minister at Uaverhill 1 792-1 SiKI, and at 
IIo|>kinton, X.U.,from M.ir. 12, ISiK), to 1818 ; 
pastiirof thcchun'h at Hebron. X.Y.. in 1818; 
at Poultnev, Vt.. from No»-. 21. 1821. lo Dee. 
1826: at Hanover, Ms., from May 16, 1827. to 
Jan. 12, 1832; and afierwaixl eity roissionary 
at Bosion. Besides sermons, he pub. " Disser- 
tation on the Propheeies," " Lectures on Bap- 
tism," " Memoirs of Mrs. Bailey " (181 a)," Key 
to Kevclaiion." and " View of the Hebrews, or 
the Trihes of Israel in Amer.," 12ino, 1S2J. 

Smith, Fraxcis, a British lieut.-pen. ; d. 
17 Nov, 1791, Capt. lOih Foot 23 June, 1747; 
maj. 25 Sept. I73S; lient.-col. Jan, 1762; col. 
and aide^e-eamp to the king 8 Sept, 1775; 
mnj.-J^■n, 27 Feb. 1779; lieut.-RCn. 25 Sept. 
1787. He com. the troo|ie sent 19 April, 1775, 
to destroy the Amer. sions at Coni-onl. and 
was « imndeil in the light at L<>xini;ton ; was 
made a bris-gen. in America in 1776; and 
com. a bri;;,'.de in the battles on Lonj: Island 
in All;;. 1776, and at Quaker Uiil, R.I., in Aug. 
1778. 

Smith, Francis H , maihematician. b. 
Xoifii k. \ a.. 1812. West Point, ISaj. Pri,f. 
matliem. Ham|>. Sid. Coll. 1837-9; and of 
Va. Milit. Institute, Lex, Va., 1839-61, and 
snpt. He has piib. wiili U. T. \V. Duke a 
treatise on Statisiic;il Arithmetie. ami is the 
author of text-h-ioks on Alj^chra, tiiomotry, 
■nd Tri'.;onoiueiry.a tvport on Scientific Educa- 
tion in Kuropo, and of essays on d'lie;.'* Re- 
form and Com. -school Educaiinn ; A.M of 
Himp Sid. Coll. 18.38. Joined in the Rebil- 
lion Hua-ii^t the I' S. — .i'llwif. 

Smith, GuoRGE Willi.vm., gov. of Va. 
1811 : l'>st his lil'.' at the bunting of the Rich- 
mond Theatre, Di.v. 26. 1811. 

Smith, C.EOROE W., I.. Phila. ISOO. X.J. 
Coll. 1S18. Author of " Facts and .\ivumint8 
iti Favor of Railroails," 8vo, 1824 ; "Defcm-e 
of the System of Solitary Confinement," 8vi-i, 
18:29 ; and of some pamphlets on similar sub- 
jeits. — AUihoitr. 

Smi'h, Gbbkit, philanthropist, h. Utic.t, 
X.V., Mar. 6, 1797. ll.im. Coll., X.V., 1818. 



His father Pi'ter lefk liim one of the I.irjrr-t 
land d I'Statc'^ in the U.S., the inanag mmt of 
which has U.\n hi.- principal o>cupa. ion. In 
1853 he was adm. to pr.u tice, and suUe<|uentlT 
took part in several iin|>onant trial.s. IK- early 
joini\l in the UncvoUiit rnterpri.s<s of hi.-> day, 
and in 1S23 omn(^ ted himself with the Am r. 
Colonization Soii.ty, to wliii h lu* ptvr lop,:\lr 
for th.' occomplishuhnt of i's objivts ; but in 
18.35 withdnw lit)m it, and joiiuil the .\nK rican 
Aniiiavcry Soiicty. H • has practicallv illus- 
tr.iti'd his op|H>sicion to land-i;;ono|ioly W dis- 
tribuiing 200,000 acres, fiartlv ani.iiig insti- 
tutions of learning, but mostly among ]Oor 
white and black men, in parcelsof ab. 50 ncn«. 
His largest gilts of money have been in aid of 
emancipation, and to buy homes for the poor. 
In 1852 he was a luemb r of Congro>s. He 
was long a prominent ailviKatc, with both 
tongue and ]x-n, of a larger librty of opinion, 
and Ircedom Irom what he Klieved the liond- 
oge of sect. In IS61 he made some e|x»'<he« 
in beliiUf of a vigorous and uncompromLsing 
pro-ccution of the exisiing war, and al-o wrote 
many uriiclcs to this end for the press. Ho 
has pub. many spcvches and addrvss-.-s. A vol. 
of Ins speeihes in Con^rress w.is puK in 1856, 
and in 1861 another, entitled " f-ermons and 
Specchi'S by (ierrit Smith:" a!-o "Theolo- 
gies," 8vo, 1866 : " Xature the Base of a Fiw 
Theology," 1867 ; " IMigion of Reason," 18M. 

Smith, Gou)wiN. I.L.D., b. Reading, Eng., 
1823. Son of a physician. Ediicat' d .-^t Ox- 
ford, where he >vai a tutor, and in 1858-66 prof, 
of inoiUni history. He was c;ilietl to the bar 
in 1847, but, di.incliiud to the prt)fession. he 
liecame sec. of the Oxl'onl crimiui.ssion, and in 
1859 a memlier of the education commU.sion ; 
in 1868 he U'came prof, of history at Come'l 
U., X. Y., delivering his hrs' lei mre therv Xov. 
17. He has pub. some historical works, in- 
cluding " L««'tiiivs on Moilem History "and 
"Three English Stati-sman," and during the 
Rcb>llion aided the Union cau<< by his forviblc 
tract on Slavery and his letter on Southern 
Inilepcndi-ni-o. .\l-iO author of " S|)tt>chei 
and Letters on the Rebellion," 1863-5, 2 vols. 
8vo ; " The Civil War in America," an ad- 
dress. 1866. 

Smith, liEX. Giles .\.. h. X.Y. Col. 8th 
Mo. Int'. 1862: com. brig. 2d div. 13th corjw, 
D.v. 1>62: in eaplurv of .\rk. Post 11 J.m. 
18ti.3; Yiuoo-Pa.ss ex-.xtl. 19-26 Mar\h, 1 803; 
in thi- a.s,«aults on Vicksbun,- 19 an<l 22 May; 
disting. and uoundi'd at Lookout Mountain ; 
brig.-gt-n. 4 .Vng. 1863; com div. in 17thcorj>s 
in sul>s«i)uent operations of Sherman, inclv.d- 
ing the campaign of Atlanta, march to ih: s. a, 
and camp, of the Carolinas. Brev. m^j.-g^ n. 
1865. 

Smith, Gen. Greks Cuit, b. Richmond. 
Ky., July 2, 1 8.30. Transylv. U. 1 849. S»in of 
John Sp.'cd Smith. .\t 15 he voluntoentl a- a 
private in the Slexican w.ir, and l>wamc lieut. 
1st Ky. Cav., sening One year. He studi(\i 
law ; pnictLsod in Ms<li,«on Co. until 1859. wh>n 
he nioveil to Covingti>n : school-commissioner 
1853-7 ; a menib>r of the Ky. legisl. 1861, he 
was a most decideil adh rent of the govt.; app. 
col. 4th Ky. Cav. Feb. 1 862 ; served under Gen 



SMI 



839 



Dumont; was wouiulul at Lclmmm, Tcnn. ; 
nuKle bii^'.-sen. vols. June 11, 1862; r.^iuiKil 
Dec. 1, 18G3, haviiij; Ijocn in suniv .")0 imis;i,^o- 
ment.~. M.C. IS63-6; deleg;. to tin- Bultimoru 
Convon:ion 18G4 ; ttpp. iiov. Montana IStifi. 

Smith, (5es. Ulstavus Woodson, h. 
Scott Co., Kv., al.. 1820. West Point, 18-i:>. 
A-sist. piol'. cn-r. West Point, Aujt. 31, 1844, 
to Sept. 24, 1846, and Nov. 1, 1849-34; 2d Ucut. 
en'^rs. Jan. 1, 1845; brov. 1st lient. lor gal- 
hintrv .-It Cerro Gordo Apr. 18, and c.ipt. tor 
'•allaiiivy at Conlri-ras and Chnruliusco Aug. 
So 1847; com. ol' sappers, miners, and pon- 
loniers from Mar. 10, 1847, to May 22, 1848; 
1st lieut. Mar. 3, 1853; and resi-ned IXv. 18, 
I <54, in order to join a projected exped. agamst 
Cuba under G.n. Quitman. Smith is said to 
hav'- received trom the (;ul>an tuiid 510,000 m 
eonsiderniion of resiiining his commiss. to take 
part in tliis enterpri.se. After its fadure, he was 
for a time employed in the iron-works of Cooper 
& Hewitt, at Trenton, N. J., but ill lS53_was 
app. stroot-vommissioner of N.Y. City. This 
h. resigned in Au;:. 1861, havini; previously 
joined the Confed. army by way of Ivy., wuh 
his friend and otHeial dej). JIansfield Love,) ; 
w;is at once made a niaj.-;.'cn., and served in 
Va. ; at the b.ittle of Fair <:)aks he succeeded 
to the command after Gen. J. E. Johnston was 
wound d ; in Dee. 1862 he com. at Peterslimir; 
in 1 Sti4 at Au-nsta, Ga. ; auil was made pris- 
oner at Maeon, 21 Apr. I S65, by Gen. Wilson. 
Smith, llKNHT BOVNTON,D.D. (U. ot \t. 

1 -JSO) LL. 1). (X. J- Coll. 1 869), clergyman and 
author, b Portland, Me., I^ov. 21, 1815. Bowd. 
Coil. 1834 ; tutor there in 1836-7 and 1840-1. 
He studied theologv at Andover and Bangor, 
and afierward at Uiille and Berlin ; wa.s pastor 
of the W. Arae.-burv, Ms., Cong. ch. in 1842- 
7 ■ was prof, of mental and moral philos. in 
Anih Coll. in 1847-50; of chnreh history in 
the Uiiion Theol. Sem., X.Y., in 1850-5; and, 
since then, of svsteinatic theol. there. He re- 
vised and I'dited Giescler's " Church History 
(1849-57) in 1859; pub. "Tlie History of the 
Chi-reh of Christ, in Chronologieal Tables, m 
I860- a " Memorial of Anson G. Phelps ; in 
leeo--' a revi-ed edition of Hagenl>ach s "His- 
torv of Christian Doctrines," with valuable 
additions; " Iteport on Religion in the U.S., 
made to the Evang. Alliance, Oct. 1867; and 
" The Be-union of the Presbyterian Churches, 
8vo 1 67 Many years a contiib. t« religious 
peri'odieals, and ' since 1859 has edited the 
1 ,«. r. Till ol. Hi view. II as pub. many addresses 
and sermons, and contiib. to the " New Amer. 
Cvclopa-dia " articles on Calvin, Hegel, Kant, 
the Beformcd Church, and SehcUing. 

Smith, llExuv H., M.n. (U. of Phila. 
1837) urof. of surgery U. of Pa. 1855,8urgl■on- 
<.. n. of the State 1861, b. Phila. 1818. Alter 
spcndin" 4 years in the hosiiitals of Pans and 
Phila. lie setthd in practice in Phila. Author 
of " Minor Surgerv," 1843; " Anatomical At- 
las," 8vo, 1844; "Operative Surgery, 8vo, 
1''54 • " Treatment of Fractures," 1855 ; "Pro- 
fessional Vi.it to Lond. and Paris," 8vo, 1 855 ; 
•'Lectures on Surgery," 1855; "Practice of 
Surnrv" 8vo, 1856; "Principles and Prac- 
tice V Surgorv," 8vo. 2 vols 186.3; '; Influ- 
ence ol the Alumni ot the U. of Pa., 8\o, 



translator of Civiale on " Stone and Orav -1," 
8vo, 1841 ; editor of Horner's " U.S. Dissect- 
or," Thonipsioirs "Dictionary of Surgery and 
Doni. Med.," and contrib. to medical journals. 
— MlilKmi. 

Smith, Horace Wemyss, son of Richard 
Penu, b. Phihi 1825. Has pub. "Nuts for 
Kiiiure Historians to Cr.iek," 8vo, 18S6 ; 
" Works of Richard Penu Smith," 1856 ; 
" Yorktown Oideih-Book," 1865; poems in 
Cwliii's and G'-d/.-im's- .1/<iv«.-<h.s ; and is pre- 
paring" Patriotic Songs ol America," and "Lifa 
of Wni. Smith, D.l).," 4 vols. 8eo. — .1 lihone. 

Smith, Is.\AO, lievol patriot; d. Tieiiiou, 
N. J., Aug. 29, 1807, a. 71. N.J. Coll. 17.}3, 
and a tutor there. Commeneed the pnieiico 
of plivsic, and trom tlielK-ginningot the Kevol. 
was liisiing. for his patri.itic services. In 1776 
he com. a regt., and, somi after the teriuinaiiou 
of the struggle, reeeived the npp. of judge of 
the Supreme Court of N. J., wliieh po^t l.e 
held IS vears. M.C. in 17'.)5-7, and was app. 
bv Pres." Washington in the latter year a com- 
lni^s. to treat with the Seneca Indians. Pres. 
of the Bank of Trenton at the lime of his 
death.— /'.-;//;<//.., i. 135. _ 

Smith, isRAK.i., Gov. of ^ t. i8o,-8, b. 

Sulheld Ct., Aj.r. 4, 1759; d. Kutland, Vt., 
Dec 2, 1810. Y.C. 1781. He practised law 
at Rupert, Vt. ; was soon alter clei'ted to the 
Assemhly ; in 1 789 he was one of tlie eomniiss. 
app. to ■determine the boundary controversy 
with N.Y., and was active in procuiing the 
a<lniission of Vt. into the Union. M.C. in 
1791-7 and 1801-3. Removed to Rutland; 
was again a rei.resentative : was chiet justice 
of the Supreme Court in 1797 ; and was L.S. 
seruitor in 180.3-7. Member of the convention 
that ad(>|)ted the Kedend Constitution in 1791. 
Smith, Col. Ja.mlS, a si'.'ner of ihe Deel. 
of lu.lep., b. Ireland ab. 1720; d. Julv 11, 
1806, York, Pa. His father, whom he had ae- 
couip. to America in 1729, was a farmer on 
the Susquehanna. James, the stcoiul son, was 
educated at the Colb of Phila.. studied law, 
was adm. to the bar, and 6etile<l near Shippens- 
burg as a lawver and surveyor, InH alterwarils 
removed to York, where he coniiuueil the prac- 
tice of his profession during the remainder ol 
his life. In 1774 he raised the liistvol.com- 
pany in the State for the purpose of resisting 
Great Britain ; and was a member of the con- 
vention to consider the expediency of abstain- 
ing fiom importing any goods from Log., and 
al.so of assembling a General CouL'ress. At this 
meeting be was one of the coin, to inepnie 
instructions for the representatives; and these 
"instructions," together with Smith's "Essay on 
the Constitutional Power of Gietit Britain over 
the Colonics in America," gave the lirst strong 
iuiiiiilse to the cause of the Revolution in that 
region. Member of the Pa. conv. of Jan. 
17"75; was also a member of the Prov. Conf. 
which asscmlded on the 18tli of June ensuing 
to lorin a new govt, lor Pa., and seconded the 
resolution moved hy Dr. Rush in favor ol a 
deel. of indep. It was unaiiimonsly adopted, 
si-ned bv the members, and presented to Con- 
gress a lew davs only before the Deel. ol Indep. 
July 15, a convention, of which Col. Smith was 
a member, was assembled in Philu. lor the pur- 



8MZ 



840 



SMI 



foae o( fonnins > new constiiution fi>r the 
State ; uii llie SOili of the ^amc iiioiilh ho wai 
ehvti-il « iiiimhIht of Coni;ivs», aiul rviiiaiiuxl 
ill that IhkIv uiilil Nviv. ITTji ; in KSO ho was 
uioiiiIkt uf ilio Itvii. Asscmhly of P«. Uo was 
a mail of crx-iit wit, anil |io.^!>v.wtl uf nn i<ri;:iiial 
^|'^Tios of <lr\'llor_v, which w»s hoi^ihtiMuil hy 
ail iim'uulhnos> o( j.t-siiiiv. a cvrlaiii lu>liorous 
c.iM i>l i.\>uii>cuaiicv', iinil a dniwliu); iiiutio of 
uilininw. 

Smith, Col. Jami:*. I'ionofr, b. Franklin 
Co, I'a.. ir.lT; .1. \Vii>biii-ton Co., Ky., ISli. 
At iii' he WAS takoii ht tbo liulians uiul ailojitorl 
by ihoiii, but e>ca|Hil in ITS'), ilis !Hil»»|Uoni 
ailviii un.i as a IoiuUt of tlw lllaokl<ur> in 
1761 ami '65. his mTvicv a^ a lioul. in Bouquet's 
c.\|M>l. ill 1764, hi» cxi'loriiii; o\cur>ion into 
Southorn Ky. in 1766. iiml hi-* scriiees in. the 
Ri vol. wiir. in wiiioh ho hoU\ ihc rank of col., 
are Jotiiili'd in lii> '" KoniarkuMe t (i-currvnces 
ill till- Life anti Trin> Is of Col. Jiiiiirs Snii:h," 
L.-xin_uii«i, Ky., 1799. Uo scitloU in Cane 
Kiilyv, iit-ar I'aris, Ky , in I7SS, was a meinltor 
of ilio »Mnv. at D.innllo ; ami afkorward repre- 
sonird Uuurl>on Co. in the Ltvn. A>.-.ciulily of 
the Sirtie. lie is the author of " Shakoristu 
IX-voIoiuM '■ ami ■• Shukerisin Detected," and 
in 1812 of" A Treaiisv on the .M.MloHud Man- 
nerol Indian War,"' I'ari- Ky. His X-Hrraiive, 
ediii-<l liy Win. .M. Darlintrton, was rejiub. at 
Cinvinn.iii in l!*7ii. 

Smith, Jamis Y.. p>v. of R.I IS63-5, h. 
Grutou. Ct.. 15 S<>pt. 1(^09. At 17 he rv.inov.'J 
to Prvividonci', .ind onRs«,e»l in tho luinlxT bnsi- 
o^'ss; and in IS.')$ onilurktxl in thocutton niao- 
ufaott'.r\<al Wi.liniantii, Ct., andat Woonso^k- 
it, U.I., and aiHiniivxl woalili. Miiulvrof the 
RJ. lo-^sl.in ISW, and sevonU timt« rv.M;lecte<l ; 
uukyur of IVovidoaiv in 1S55-7; and as ^v. 
of the State w;u< un olliciont sii|>pi>rt«r of the 
Union calls', «nd a lar;;e con;nh. tixnn his own 
lucaiLs in aid of tho s-'ldiors and thoir faiuilios. 

Smith, .ItKiiMiAii, LLO. (11. 1'. 1S07), 
Ecliolar and j rist, li. IVii-rlwrou^h, X.U., 29 
Nov. 17.'>9; d. Dover, Sopt. 21, 1*42. Rutg. 
Coll. 17S0. lie oarly atiainv-d ills inotion at 
tho bar, aiutas n p'nv nil scliolar had fow enuals. 
M.C. in 1791-7; wns app. in ISOl, l^y Adams, 
jud^- of the r.8. Circuit Court, but did not 
t,l\ tho olhcv ; was in lb"09-10 gov. of X.U.; 
and ilo.riii^ s«'voraI years w;is chi<f justice of 
the S;aio Sup^-tior ('"ourt. His aoi)naintaoce 
with U>oks was oxtonsiw, and his literary taste 
rviuarkahlv cwmvt and pure. He was a pcitron 
and f;i lul of Daniel Wohstor. Ho published 
•• Skoioh of .Tml^- C;Ueb Kllis," llaverhill, 
Mav 21, 1S16. — ,Nr .U<MO<> fy J. n. ilcrrissm. 

Smith, dhKOME Van CKOWMNSIIIkU), 

M.D (Wins. Coll. 1822). phrsieiunand nutlMir, 
b. Conway, V 11., July 2<), "l8tK). B I'. 1818. 
Xli! W.IS the sv>n of a physician. He was prof 
o." nnatoiny and pliysiolo-y. and snhsequentir 

iiruf. of anaioiny, in X.Y. ISthst. Med. Coll. 
1r Smith estab the li-tstw Mni. iHlrlli'imtrr, 
Coiidiictin;; it thrmtph inore th.-tn 4l> vols. ; 
etliicil tho /M'C'tM II .rZVy X,Ks-ljttlT.3 vol*. 
8vo, 1825-6; pub annnynK>n>ly a History of 
tlie Aniorioiin Imlians.nnd a praciioni treatise on 
l!ic UoneylUv ; eilito»l 6 vols, stioniitio tracts, 
Mem.'irs ot Ja. kson. Aimrican Mistical IVx'k- 
et-U(i'k , ouiitiibutiM uiatcnallv to liowon's 



Picture of Boston, and the Bo<tnn Almanar. 
t>ne of his bc«l works is on the " Natural 
Hisiory of the Kisbos of Ms." Isvi. Ho l.u 
also pub. a ol«s»-book "I anaiomy ; " Pil.;rimap? 
to r.j:vpi," 1852 ; '■ Turkoy and the Turks," 
1852:'" .Mechanism ol the' K>e ; " " Pil-iim- 
age to Palestine," I8.M ; eviilor .l/rWuW IToi.'rf, 
18,">7. 2 vvjs. 8vo. Ho was )>ori-i'liysician of 
Boston in 1826-49 meniln-r of tlie' levisl. in 
I8.'I7 ami '48. and mayor ot llrteion 1854. 

Smith, ("aI'T. Joiis. Kiiiiidcr of Virvinia. 
b. Wiilon(;liliv. Lincvdnsliiie. V.ng. ; hapiiied 6 
Jan., 1579-80; d. Lond.21 June, ItUtl. Sou of 
t.ie«.>r^<."whod. ab. 1593. Hi< parents senl bim 
to llio fre^- S' hools of Alforvl and l»uih. For 
a short liiira he was in a eoiintin;:-honK- at 
l.vnn ; but with li> shillings, funii^iml by his 
fnonds, as he says, " to eel rid of him," 
he went wiih a .son of i.*>rd Willouuhl.y to 
Fnmv-e ; scnretl in tho I..0W. Country wars 4 
years, and then tviumeil home. His lore of 
advoniurv took him a second iim>- 10 the Ia>w 
Countries, where he dotonnineil to join the 
anuios ti^hiiuj; the Turks. In I6*il bo joined 
tlio army ol Itaron Kissell. which was cn«loav- 
onn^ to relieve tho uarrisoii of a Tnin^_\ Ivunian 
town llesic)^•^l by 20.1HK> Turks. Sniitli evni- 
triretl to open cointunnication with the lie- 
sie^nl. A combiuevi assault was suci-es-ful : 
and he wa-* n'wanUil with the ronimand of 250 
horse under I'ount Mcldntcli. In a siilisetpieiil 
cvMulut he was st^ervly woumkd ; and in an- 
ollK-r sio^T lie suoTSsivoly slew 3 lurks in 
siii;;lo cumlkii. For his exploit^ he was made 
a lu.'ijor, and receivi'J from the Prince of Tran- 
silvaiii* a patent of nubility and a fien-ion of 
aixi ducats. loiter in the war, ho was wouiidoil, 
capture«l, and soul a slave to Constaiitimtple. 
Haviiij; killo>l his master, who had grossly in- 
sulted hini, he 6v\i, aitire»l in his inasior's 
oliiihes, all I, after many adventures, reachcti 
Kn^'. all. 1("<(>4. Smiih next omUirkeil in Now- 
IHirt'soxiKtl to Va., which sailed l>ee. 19. 1606. 
liicnrriiij: the enmity of some of his avso< i»ti-«. 
he was oliarjied with coii«|>ir.icy, and kept pris. 
oiior du' in^ the reniaindor of the voya;.T. .Mier 
landini;. altliou;;h Smith was nanxxl one of the 
council, ho was exclude»l on the cliar_-e of 
M'jliiion. Nolwith^taiidiii); nil this, liedetoii.'d 
hiiusi'lf to the interests of tlie Colony. Aloii); 
wiih Newport, he heaile>l a |>any sent to dis- 
oivor the source of the Jaine». Strving in the 
all'i-otions of the colonists, and in his innocence, 
he domanded a trial, which resulti>l in his 
triumphant ni^^nitial, and his takini: hU )'\i>v 
ill the i-ouncil. R.Ati litT sne» ■ 
Win::t>eld as pres. ; but Sini: 
head of I lie Colony, and to h- 
clRirts tho salvation of ihe int. mi -.it.iun: 
was owint;. He sol about the buiMiii;; of 
Jamesiown. ami made f\>iiieBteX' nrvvv.» into 
th*eo»intry lor corn. He prv> 
of Win);tiold, Kendall, audo: 
to Kni:. by a resort to arin», 1 
one of hi* oxpetls he was taltcii .%> , m i' .. m*. 
and that bis lile was !«vod thmUL'li the intorler- 
ence i>t Pocaboulas. Tlii* slorv 1* m»w ^Mioral* 
U di>b,-lior«l. (Se»- Clwrlos'lV-ano s Inirxvl. 
Ill Smith's '■ True Uriaiion.") In Juiu— »Iuly, 
1608. Smith made a survevol Chesainnko Bay 
as fitr as the mouth of the Paiap».>>. Ue itgtdn 



stnci 



841 



SMI 



oxploroi) llie Imy, rofurninp; Sept. 7 ; having 
snilfil ,'),n(i(» iiiiluM, ami from liia survevs con- 
Ptnuii.'il unacfunite inup, still extant, ficpt. 10 
hi: was iiiauf;. pres. of the Colony. The men 
were re^rnlarly drilled in military exercises; 
and l)nil(lin!.'9"werc rcpaircd'or erected. Kvery 
nnin war* obli'.'cd to lalior 6 hours a day. In 
order to prevent an apprehended deticicncy of 
corn, he made an inellectual attempt to seize 
the ]ierson of Powhatan. In this enterprise 
he eneonntercd (jreat peril, and was nearly 
poisoned. Havin}; Iwen severely burned hy the 
explosion of n bag of gunpowder, and feeling 
the need of surgical skill, and tired of strug- 
gling with mullcioMS enemies, he returm d to 
Kng. in the autumn of l(JU9. In Mar. 1014 
he sailed from Lond. with 2 ships for trade 
and discovery in N. Kngland. lie returned in 
August, and gave to I'rince Charles a map of 
the country between the Penobscot anil (/"ape 
Cod. In March, 1615, he sailed again, intend- 
ing a permanent settlement, but was taken by 
a l-'rench man-of-war, and carried to Kochelle, 
but escat>ed from the ship, and returned to 
lOns. While on board this ship, which was 
really a pirate, lie wrote an account of his voy- 
a:,'cs to N. Kng., which was pub. in 1616; and 
he distributed the work in the west of Kng. 
himself. The Plymouth Company created him 
admiral of New Kng. lie passe I the rest of 
his lite in Kng. Smith spared neither time nor 
labor to advance the colonization of America. 
His was an enthusiastic, determined, and un- 
compromising spirit ; and this made: him many 
enemies. Author of " A Tfue Helation of 
Va.," 1608, repub. with introd. and notes by 
Charles Deane, Boston, 1866 ; " Map of Va.,"' 
&c., 1612; "N. Kngland's Trials," &c., 1020; 
" Pathway to Kxperienco," 1020 ; a " Sea 
Giammar," 1627 ; " The Generall Ilistoric of 
Vir<.'inia, New Kngland, and the Summer 
Isles," 1 624 ; " The True Travels, Adventures, 
and Observations of Capt. John Smith in 
Kurope, Asia, Africa, ami America, from I59.'i 
to 1029," 16.'iO (both reprinted at Richmond in 
ITJ) ; "Advertisements for the Unexperienced 
Planters of New Kngland," ir)."!!. — See Smith's 
Lift'- in Sintrhs's A mei: fJicxf. 

Smith, Joii.v, D.U. (B.U. 180.1), prof, of 
languages at Dartm. Coll. from 1778 to his 
death, Apr..30, 1809, b. Rowley, Ms., Dec. 21, 
1752. Dartra. Coll. 177.3. Tutor 1774-8. He 
was a preacher as well as a linguist; pub. ser- 
mons, also Hebrew, Greek, and Latin gram- 
mars. Associate pastor of the Presb. Ch. at 
Dartm. Coll. from Nov. 1772 to Sept. 5, 
1787, and sole pastor from that time till his d. 
Susan, bis widow, author of a Memoir of her 
hn-band in 184.t, d. 1845, n. 82. 

Smith, John, caiit. U.S.N. ; d. Phila. G 
Aug. 1.S15 ; lieut 8 Alar. 1798 ; com. 2.5 May, 
1804; capt. 24 Dec. 1811; com. the brig. 
'■ Vixen," in the squadron of Com. Preble in 
the aiiai'ks on Tripoli in 1804. 

Smith, J<>HX AuGi;8TiNB, M.D., lecturer 
on anatomv in the Coll. id' Phys. and Sur- 
geons, N.V., and pros, of Wm. and Mary 
Coll. 1814-26 (grad. there 1800). Author of 
" Introd. Discourse, New Med. Coll.. Crosby 
St.. NY.," 18.37 ; " Functions of the Nervous 
System," 1840; " Jlutalions of the Earth," 



1846; " Monograph n|ion the Moral Sense," 
1847; " Moral and I'lu-sical Science," ISiiS. 
Dr. S. edited the .V. V. Mai. and J'liijs. Jour. 
18O0. —- A/lihoue. 

- Smith, Joiiv Bi.Ain, DD. (N.J. Coll. 
179.')), an clo(pient preacher, b. I'e(|uca, Pa., 
June 12, 1756 ; d. Phila. Aug. 22, 1799. N.J. 
Coll. 1773. Son of Rolajrt, D.D., ami studied 
theology with a bro., Samuel Slmihope, then 
prcs. id' Ilampdcn-Siil. Coll.; and in 1779 suc- 
ceeded him in that position. He became cele- 
brated as a preacher in the Valley of Va. Dr. 
Alexander thus pictures him in the midst of 
the revival-scenes of his time : " In person he 
was about the middle size ; his hair was un- 
commonly black, and was divided on the top, 
and fell down on each side of the face ; a large 
blue eye, of o|ien expression, was so piercing, 
that it was common to say Dr. Smith looked 
you throu'.'h." In Dec. 1791 he was called to 
the Third I'resb. Church, Phila., and thence to 
the presidency of Un. Coll. upon its found. ition 
in 1795; but in May, 1799, returned to his 
former charge in Phila., where he soon after 
died of t!io epidemic then raging. — Sfiruijnc. 

Smith, J">iiN Cotton, LL.D., scholar and 
statesman, b. Sharon, Ct., Feb. 12. 1765; d. 
there Dec. 7, 1845. Y.C. 1783. Son of Rev. 
Cotton Mather Smith, a descendant of Rev. 
John Cotton and Rev. Richard Mather. 
Ailm. to practice at the Liichlield Co. bar in 
1786; was in 179.1 and in 1796-1800 a mem- 
ber of the lower house, of which he was clerk 
in 1799, and speaker in 1800; M.C. in 1800-6; 
he devoted himself to agricultural and literary 
pursuits, at the same time represcntini; his na- 
tive town in the State legisl. till 1809, when 
he was chosen a member of the council ; was 
nominated to the bench of the Supreme Court 
in Oct. 1809; was made lieut.-gov. belorc the 
second term of the court ; and was gov. in 
1813-18. Member of the Society of Northern 
Antiquarians in Copenhagen, as also of the 
Ct. and Ms. Hist. Societies ; prcs. Ct. State 
Bible Society, American Board for Foreign 
Mi.-sions, and, lastly, of the American Bible 
Society. In the celebrated discussion on the 
Judiciary in 1801, he presided over the com. 
of the whole. Gov. Smith was for several 
years an occasional contrib. to various scien- 
tific and literary periodicals. — Sre Eitlogii by 
liev. IF. \V. An/lrem before the Vt. Hist. Soc, 
12mo, N.Y. 1847. 

Smith, JoiiM K., brev. maj.gen. U.S.A., 
b. Pa. Aidedecamp to Gov. Yules of III. 
Apr. 1801; col. 4.5th III. Vols. July, 1861. 
Engaged at capture of Forts Henry and Don- 
elson, battle of Shiloh, siege of Corinth ; brig- 
gen. U.S. Vols. Nov. 29, 1862; com. 8lh iliv. 
1 6th army corps, Dec. 1862; engaged at Ya- 
zoo Pass, Fort Gibson, Ravmond, Jackson, 
Champion Hill, and Big Black River ; com. 
1st div. I7th corps, June, 1863 ; transfirrcd to 
1 5th corps, Sept. 1863 ; engaged at Vicksburg, 
Mission. Ridge, Atlanta campaign. May to 
Sept. 1864; Sherman's Georgia and Carolina 
campaign, Nov. 1864 to Ajir. 1865; and bat- 
tle of IJentonvillc, N.C. ; col. 28 July, 1866; 
transf. to 14th Inf. 20 Dec. 1870; brev. brig, for 
siege of Vicksburg, and maj.-gen. U.S.A. for 
capture of Savannah. — Ilenri/. 



SMI 



84: 



SMl 



Smith, JouM Greoobt, gov. Vt. 1S63-5, 
b. i>i. Allwns. 22 July, 1SI8. I", of Vi l!>38. 
N. llnven Law Scliouf. Son of John, » lawyer 
anil M.t'., with whom he bf;.'«n iiraciice in 
1841, anil M'houi, on liis <l. in ISJS. tie su<.H'tfe<l- 
eJ a* cimncvllur. Active in railr«nil inivrests 
of Vt., and inaile pix-«. N. Pacilic Ituilruail in 
1S66 ; meuiU'r Vt. »i-nate ISiS, '59 ; i^-p. 1S61»- 
2, ami >(>ciikcr in 1 862. An acii>-v 8u|i|K>ricr 
of the Inion cause during the civil war. 

Smilh, JoH.s Jay, >:reai');ranilson of Jamn 
Lo';iin, li. Uurliuitton Co., N.J. , Juno 16. 1798. 
In 182'>-ol librarian of the I'hila. and Lo^ani- 
an Libraries. Author of " A Summer's Jaunt," 
2 vols. 18-16; •'Ainer. Hist, and Lit. Curiosities," 
1861 ; •■ Notes for a Uisl. of the I'hila. Librarv 
Co.," 1831 ; •• Uuide to Laurvl-hill Cemetery,'' 
1844 ; Lives of Franklin, Itiltenhouse, Keatun, 
MontJ^llm■ry, and A. Washington, in National 
I'ort. Ciallerv. Kditorof a number of works, — 
odheSilHnliy Bull-tin, 1830-2 ; /W/y Erprtss, 
18;12; l\'aldlfsSrUct Libnini,\S33^9: W'al- 
die's Portfixiu, S vols. 4to; Smilk's HViVy Vul.. 
184.'>-G, 3 vols. ; iVulsh's Xatioiuil (Jaatte; and 
DoK-iuH'/s //ixticW/un's/, 1855-60, ic, — Alli- 
boKt. 

Smith, JouN Spked, b. Jessamine Co., 
Ky., .liily 31, 1792; d. Madison Co., Ky., 
June 6, 1854. He served under Harrison at 
the buttle of Tip|Kvanoe, and was his aide at 
the battle of the Thames, 5 Oct. 1813. lu 
1819, 1827, and several subsetiucnt vears, he 
was a member of the State legisl., and speaker 
in 1827 ; M,C. 1821-3 ; U.S. atty. for the dist. 
of Ky. under I'rvsideni Jaek'^on ; at one time 
a comraiss. to the legisl. of Ohio; and for sev- 
eral years supt. of public works in Kentucky. 

SlDith, JoNATU-is BvYARD, member Old 
Congress 1777-8, b. Phila. 1741; d. there 
June 16. 1812. N. J. Coll. 1760. His father 
was of Boston. He became a successful mer- 
chant of I'hila. ; coin, a company of militia at 
IVinccton ; many years judge of C.CI'. ; and 
a tni*iiv »f N.J. and Pa. Colleges. 

Smith, Josii I'll, founder of Monuonism. b. 
Sharon, \"t., 1805; murderv\l at Carthaj^-, III., 
June 27, 1844. In his youth his jwrvnts re- 
moved to Palmyra, N.Y. * Uert> he pub. in 1830 
■• The Book of Mormon, an Ai-eount written 
by the Hand of Mormon upon Plates taken 
frv>iu the Plates of Nephi." Smith jirofes.seJ 
to have translated this English version ftwm 
the original plates (discovered to him by an- 
gvls). lUiver C owdery acting as his scribe. This 
"ilivine revelation" is a corrupt version of a 
religious romance (" The ManuM-ript Found ") 
by Solomon Spauldiug, written in 1809. and left 
in MS. by him. The " Late Kevelations " arc 
in a vol. entitled " Doctrines and Covenants 
of the L;ilter-<lay Saints." Having made 
some iMuverts. he removed with them to Kirt- 
laiid. •>.. in 1831. and afterwarj to IndejH'tid- 
euei'. Mo., whence thev were exjiclleil in 1838. 
They then tuumli'd in Illinois the town of Naii- 
voi\ wherv they Uvan to build a great temple 
in 1841. Smith amassed a largv fortune, took 
the title of licut.-gen. and pre>. of the chun-h. 
and exercis*^! absolute authority over the 
"saints." Popular indignation having been 
aroused by his acts, lie was arrested, and con- 
lini-J in jiiil at Canhoj^'. The jail was bruken 



into by a mob. and Smith was killed. — Sf« 
.•I u/oA.'o/ •/"*■/'* •Sw'M; J. B. Tuntrr'i Lift of 
JotrfJt iimili. 

Smith, JosKf if, D.D., Pres. clcrjyinan and 
eiiucator, b. Westmorvhind Co., Pa., July 13, 
1796; d. lirvvnsburg. Pa., IXv. 4, 1868. 'jcff. 
Coll., Pa., 1815 ; Princet. TIkvI. Sim. 1819. 
Licensed to preach in 1819. he laboi\-«l in Va., 
and was princi|uU of an acud. at Staunton ; iu 
18;12 he took charge of the chunh and a larg« 
acad. at Fn-derick City. Md. ; was afterward 
prvs. of Frunklin Coll., New Athens, O. ; rv- 
sigiied on aiwunt of his consenative view of 
slavery ; resuiiu'd his pastoral charge at Fred- 
crick City, and was pres. of the coll. newly or 
ganitcd tlierv. In 1847 he U-canie pvn. agent 
for the .synods embr.icing \V. Pa.. N. W. Va., 
and E. Ohio. Sul>.>ei|uently he held pastoral 
charges in lioundhill. Pa., and Grvvnobur^. 
Author of ■• Old Kedstone, Uing Historical 
Sketches of Western Pre>bvierianisra," ic, 
8vo, 1853; "Histot^- of Je^t«on Coll.," ic, 
1857. 

Smith, JosKPU, rear-adra. T.S.N., b. Han- 
over. Ms.. Mar. 30. 1790. Midshipm. Jan. 16, 
1809 ; licut. July 24. 1813 ; com. Mar. 3. 1827; 
capt. Feb. 9, 1837; rear-adm. (retired li^ti 
July 16, 1862. Lieut. Smith w:is disling. and 
wouiuK'd in MacDonough's victory on Lake 
Chaniphiin. S<.'pt. 1 1. 1814 ; and wa« at the cap- 
ture' of Algerine ve*.s»'ls. 1815. He com. ship- 
of-thi-liue " Ohio." Mcviit. s<)uad.. 1840 ; Medil. 
$<|uad. 1843-5; chief of bureau of yards and 
docks 1847-69. One of his sons was killed 
in the frigate " Congress " when destroyed by 
tlw ■■ Merrimack." near Fortrx-ss Mourvx-, Mar 
1S62; another, Capt. Albkrt N., U.S.N., 
chief of bureau of e\{uipinent, d. Sept. 8, 1866, 
aged 43. 

Smith, Josi:»ii M.vTitER, MD. (Coll. Ph. 
and Surg. 1815). iihvsician and m«t. writer, b. 
New K.Khclle. N.Y.'Maivh 14. 1789 ; d. N.V. 
Citv. Apr. 22. 1866. His father Dr. Matson 
Simih was an eminent physician of Westches- 
ter Co.. and his mother a descendant of the fa- 
mous Mathers of .Ms. He studieil me>licine ; 
was licensed to practise iu May. 1811; and set- 
tUxl in New Yort. He aided in tbunding the 
.V/«//cit>-/'Aysu«i»;ini/ Svitiii, and c«ntrib. to the 
first vol. of its Transactions, in 1M7. a jiaper 
on the " Etficacy of Emetic? in Sposnunlic Dis- 
eases." From' June, 1820, to April, 1824, be 
was visiting-phvsician to the N.Y State Prison. 
In 1824 he iai\). " Elements of the Etiology 
and Philo>0))liy of Epidemics." App. in 1826 
to the chair of tlnvry and practice of physic in 
the Coll. of Physicians anu Surgeons, which he 
filled near 30 years ; in 1 855 he was transferred 
to the chair oi" materia niedica ; in 1829 he was 
app. visiting-physician of the N.Y. Hos<pital. 
He was a freipient contrib. to the tnej. jH-riiidi- 
cals. and in 1828 became an etlitor of the .V. V. 
.»/',/. aHiiPkfS.J(Mrmil; in 1831 he delivered an 
address on the " Epidemic Cholera of Asia and 
Eurvi|X'." afterwanl pub.; in 1854 he waa 
eKvtiil prt-s. of the N.Y. Acad, of Med. ; in 
1860 he read U-forc the Amer. Med. Assoc, an 
atliuirable report on the Meiiical TopograjihT 
and Epidemics of the Stati- of N.Y. Among 
his es,s;\ys aiv " The Public Diitk-s of Mcdii-al 
Men," 1846 ; " The Influence of Diseeicson the 



843 



latcllcctiml and Moral Powers," 1848 ; " Re- 
iiort on Practical Medicine ; " " Hejiort on 
Pulilic Ily^'iene," 1800; " Illustrations of Men- 
tal Phenomena in Military Life," 1800 ; '' Puer- 
jK-ral Pever," 1857; " Tnerapeuties of Albu- 
minaria," 18C2. 

Smith, JosKrii U., brev. bri;;.-Keu. U.S.A., 
b. Sanely Hill, Wash. Co., X.V., 1802; d. 
Monroe, Mieh., Sept. 3, 1868. West Point, 
182.3. Adj. Sept. 1835 to 1838 ; eapt. 26 Apr. 
1838 ; brev. maj. and lieut.-eol. for gallantry in 
battles of Cerro Gordo, Contreras, and Churu- 
buseo, An^. 20, 1847, — twice wounded in the 
latter; maj. 7th Inf. June 11, 1851 ; retired 20 
Sept. 1861. Brcv. bri;,'.-gen. 9 Apr. 1865. — 
Cu/lnm. 

Smith, Joshua IIett, notorious for liis 
coniplieiiy in Arnold's treason, and at whose 
house, near .Stony Point, Arnold and Andre' 
held their interviews; d. N.Y. 1818. He was 
tried by a military court for liis connection 
with this affair, and acquitted; bnt, bein^ sub- 
sequently imprisoned by the civil authorities, 
csca])ed to ^ew York, disguised in a woman's 
dress. Bro. of Chief Justice William Smith, 
and ft man of considerable influence ; counsel- 
lor-at-law ; and a member of the convention of 
the State of X.Y. 1775. At the close of the 
war he went to ICnj^. In 1808 he ]nib. in Lon- 
don " An Authentic Narrative of the Causes 
which led to the Death of Major Andre," — a 
book held in slight estimation. 

Smith, JosiAii, clergyman, b. Charleston, 
S C, 1704; d. Phila. Oct. 1781 while a pris- 
oner of war, taken at Charleston. JI.U. 1725. 
Gran<lson of Gov. Thomas ; ord. minister for 
Bermuda, July 11,1 726 ; afterward of Cainhoy 
and of the Presb. church at Charleston. He 
maintained in 1730 a learned dis])Utation with 
Hugh Fisher on the right of private judgment. 
He pub. a vol. of sermons, 8vo, 1752, and a 
numlur of occasional discourses. 

Smith, Junius, LL. D. (Y. Coll. 1840), 
pioneer of ocean steam-navigation, b. Plym- 
outh, Ct., Oct. 2, 1780; d. Astoria, N.Y., Jan. 
2.!, 18.53. Y. C. 1802. Son of Gen. David. 
He studied at the Litchfield Law School ; in 
1803 delivered the annual oration before the 
Cincinnati of Ct. ; practised at the New-Haven 
b(ir until 1 805, when he was employed to prose- 
cute a claim against the British govt, for a 
large amount in the Admiralty Court of Lond., 
upon the successful termination of which he 
embarked in commercial jmrsuits with Amer- 
ica, and conducted a prosperous business for 
many years. In 1832 he engaged in the pro- 
ject of endeavoring to secure the navigation of 
the Atlantic Ocean with steamshijis ; pub. a 
prospectus pressing the enterprise ujion llie 
public mind ; established in 1836 the British 
and Amer. Steam-Navigation Company ; and 
in the S|>nng of 1838 the feasibility of the pro- 
ject was proved by the crossing of the small 
Bteamer " Sirius." Foiled, from various causes, 
in his anticipations of advantage from this pro- 
ject, after years of eflijrt, he endeavored to 
introduce the lea-plant, purchased an extensive 
plantation in Greenville, S.C., and was engaged 
in this enterprise when he was assaulted, and 
received a fracture of the skull from which he 
never recovered. 



Smith, Lyndon Aiinold, M.D., physician, 
b. Haverhill, N.ll., Nov. 11, 1795; d. Newark, 
N.J., Dec. 15, 1865. Danm. Coll. 1817. Ha 
grad. M.D. at Dartni. and Wms. Med. Colleges 
in 1823 ; began practice at Williamsiown, Ms., 
in Mar. 1823; and in July, 1827, settled per- 
manently at Newark. He was made a fellow 
of the N.Y. College of Phys. and Surgeons in 
1843, member of the Amer. Seientilie Assoc. 
in 1855, vice-pres. of the Am. Med. Assoc, in 
1859, and pres. of the N.J. Med. Society. Ho 
pub. many articles in medical journals and 
other periodicals, and a treatise on " The 
Kpidemics of New Jersey." He was prime 
mover in establishing the lunatic asylum o( 
New .Jersey. 

Smith, Marcus, comedian, b. N. Orleans, 
Jan. 7, 1829. Sou of Sol. Smith. Made his 
(l^bul Nov. 11, 1849, at the St. Charles, N. Or- 
leans, as Diggory in ** Family Jars ; " at Phila., 
at the National, Aug. 31, 1807, as Bramble in 
" The Poor Gentleman." Has since played in 
the leading theatres, been a successful star, and 
was lonjj a favorite at Wallack's. Lessee of 
the X. \. Theatre in 1866. Now (1871) at the 
St. James Theatre, London. Is a careful and 
reliable aetor. — Brown's Ameriran 6lai/i'. 

Smith, Makoaret, b. Phila. 1778 ; d. 
Washington, D.C., 1844. Dau. of Col. John 
Bayard. She m. Samuel Harrison Smith 1800. 
Auihorof " A Winter in Washington," 2 vols. 
1827 ; " What is Gentility?" 18.30; and tales 
in " The Lady's Book " and South. Lit. Messen- 
ger. — ,1/)S. little'.'' W'omun's Record. 

Smith, Gen. Martin Lutiikr, b. New 
York 1819 ; d. Uomc, Ga., July 29, 1866. 
West Point, 1842. Entering the topog. engi- 
neers, he became 2d lieut. Nov. 1, 1843 ; brev. 
1st lieut. lor meritorious conduct during the 
Mexican war; Ut lieut. Mar. 1853; capt. July 
1, 1856 ; and resigned Apr. 1, 1861. Brig. -gen. 
Confed. army from Florida; com. a brigade in 
defence of New Orleans, and was at the head 
of the eng. corps of the army, and planned and 
constructed the defences of Vicksuurg ; after- 
ward made major-gen., and taken prisoner at 
Vii-ksburg. At the time of his death he was 
chief engr. of the system of lailioads which was 
to connect Selma, Ala., and Dalton, Ga. 

Smith, Kkv. Matthkw Hai-e ("Bur- 
leigh"), son of Rev. Elias. Successively a . 
Universalist, Presbyterian, Episcopalian, and , ' ' / 
a Baptist. Author of " Text-Book of Univer- ' ' 

salism," 1845; " Universalism Exposed," 8vo, 
1842; "Universalism not of God," 1847; 
" The Bible, the Rod, and Religion, in Common 
Schools," a sermon, 1847 ; " Reply to Horaci 
Mann," 1847; "Sabbath Evenings," 1859; 
"Mount Calvary," 1866; "Sunshine and Shad- 
ow in New York." Long a corresp. of the 
liostun Journal under the pseudonyme " Bur- 
leigh." 

Smith, Melancthon, rear-adm. U.S.N., 
b. New York, May 24, 1809. Midshipm. Mar. 
1, 1826 ; lieut. Jlilrdi 8, 1837 ; com. Sept. 14, 
1855; capt. July 16, 1862; commo. July 25, 
1866; light-hoiise insp. 1866-60; rearadm. 
July, 1870 (retired list). Served in the Semi- 
nole war 1 8.)9-40 ; com. frigate " Constliuiion," 
Medit. squad., 1848-01 ; com. steamer " Massa- 
chusetts, 1861 ; engaged with Confed. steamer 



BMI 



844 



SMI 



" Florida" Mpi. Sound, Oct. 26, 1861 ; com. 
Etenni-sloop " Mississippi" at the ca))ture of N. 
Orleans, in which fifjht he ran ihc rara " Ma- 
nas.ias " ashoru and dcstroj'ed her. lie took 
part in all the cnijagcincnts of the squadron 
uriiil iMar. 14, 186.3, when, in passing the Port- 
liiidson l«itteric<, " The Missis^ippi " (;rounded, 
and was set on fire by Ca|>tain Smith. While 
com. " The Monon^ahcla," he participated in 
Ihc attacks on Port Hudson in June and July, 
1863; com. sieam-sloop "Onondaga," N. A. 
block, squad., 1864 ; engaf^cd with Confed. ram 
" Albemarle" in Albem. Sound, May 5, 1864 ; 
com. fri;.'ate "Wabash" in both attacks on 
Furt Kislicr ; app. chief of bureau of equipment 
and recruiting 1866. — Ilamr-rsli/. 

Smith, Merriwetiier, of Essex, Va. ; d. 
at an advanced age. He was long a member 
of the h. of burgesses, of all the Va. conven- 
tions in 1775-6, and in that of May, 1776; 
member of the Federal convention of Va. ; 
also a member of the Cont. Congress 1778-82. 

Smith, Nathan-, M.D. (H.U. 1790), sur- 
pouii, b. Kchoboth, Ms., Sept. 30, 1762; d. N. 
Ilaven, Jan. 26, 1829. While young, his fa- 
ther removed to Vt., where the son's education 
was limited. During the closing years of the 
Eevol. war he served in the Vt. militia. Un- 
til the age of 24 he labored on a farm, then de- 
voted himself to the study of medicine, prac- 
tised a few years in Cornish, N.II., and then 
attended the med. lectures at II. U. When in 
1798 the med. inst. connected with Dartm. 
Coll. was established, Dr. Smith was app. its 
prof. There were neither appliances nor funds : 
so that Dr. Smith had to create every thing 
needed in the institution, as well as to perform 
his own appropriate duties. Dr. Smith then 
went to Europe, where he spent a year attend- 
ing the best medical schools of ICng. and Scot- 
land. In 1813 he was invited to the chair of 
the infant n)ed. school of Y.C., but also con- 
tinued to lecture at Dartm. Coll., besides deliv- 
ering lectures at the U. of Vt. and at Bowd. 
Coll. Author of " Essay on Typhus-Fever," 
1824 ; " Medical and Surgical Memoirs, with 
Addenda bv N. R. Smith," 18.31. His son, 
Xathan Rvso, M.D. (U. of Vt. 1820). Y.C. 
1817. Med. prof, in the U. of Md. Author 
of" Physiological Essays on Digestion," 1825 ; 
" Diseases of the Ear," from the l'"rench of 
Dc Saissv, 1829; "Surgical Anatomy of the 
Arteries,'' 1832; "Treatment of Fractures," 
1867 ; papers in Amer. AJetl. .Jour., Sx. 

Smith, Nathan, lawyer and senator, b. 
Ro.vbnry, Ci., 1770; d. Washington, D.C., 6 
Dee. 1)<35. Son of Richard, and bro. of Hon. 
Nathaniel Smith. Educated at the Litchfield 
Law School. He was many years couniy-atty. 
for New Haven, and U.S. atiy. for Ct. ; mem- 
ber of the conv. that framed the State const., 
and often in the legisl. of the Slate ; practised 
law in New Haven until his d. ; delegate to the 
Hartford conv. in 1814; U.S. senator 1832-5; 
M.A. of V.C. 1808. 

Smith, Nathaniel, jurist, b. Woodburv, 
Ct., Jan. 6, 1762 ; d. there Mar. 9, 1822. His 
education was limited. Studying law under 
Judge Reeve, he began practice in his native 
town in 1789, and soon became eminent. He 
was repeatedly a member of the State legisl. ; 



was M.C. in 1795-9; State senator in 1799- 
1804 ; judge Sup. Court, Oct. 1806-May, 1819. 

Smith, Oliver, a wealthy and benevolent 
farmer, b.'llattield, Ms., Jan. 1766; d. lliero 
Dec. 22, 1845. He acquired great wealth by 
stock-raising. Was for 40 years a magistrate, 
twice a representative to the State legisl., and 
in 1820 was a member of the Const. Conv. 
During his lifetime, besides other charitable 
acts, he gave marriage-portions to several fe- 
males, and built schoolhouses. At his death 
he beijueatheil his large estate to charitable and 
educational objects. 

Smith, Oliver Hampto.n, b. Trenton, 
N. J., Oct. 23, 1794; d. Indianapolis, Mar. 19, 
1859. Emig. to Ind. 1817; practised law; in 
1824 he was pros. atty. for the .3d Disi. of Ind. ; 
member of State legisl. 1822; M.C. in 1827- 
9; and U.S. senator in 1837-13. Author of 
" Recollections of Congressional Life; " " Early 
Indiana Trials, Sketches, and Reminiscences, 
Phila. 8vo, 1858. — Geheal. Itaj., xiii. 282. 

Smith, Persifor Frazer, brev. maj.-geo. 
U.S.A., b. Phila. Nov. 1798; d. Fort Leaven- 
worth, Ks., May 17, 1858. N.J. Coll. 1815. 
His maternal grandfather, Persifor Frazer, a 
licut.-col. in the Rcvol. army, d. Phila. May, 
1792. He studied law, and practised at New 
Orleans. He was adj. -gen. of the State ; a vol. 
under Gen. Gaines during two campaigns in 
the Fla. war (as col. of La. Vols.) in 18.36 and 
'.38 ; and received the com. of the brigade of La. 
Vols, under Taylor on the Rio Granile, May, 
1846 ; col. mounted rifles. May 27, 1846' ; 
com. a brijjade of inf. from Sept. 1846 ; brev. 
brig.-gcn. lor his services at Monterey ; brev. 
mnj.-gcn. for gallantry at Contreias ami Cburu- 
busco, Aug. 20, 1847. The official report of 
Ihc battle of Cimireras states that he " closely 
directed the whole attack in front with his ha- 
bitual coolness and ability ; " and he was again 
disting. at the Helen (iate. He was cominiss. 
of armistice with Mexico, Aug. 22, 1847; mili- 
tary and civil gov. of Mexico, Oct. 1847, and 
com. 2d division U.S.A. ; milit. ami civil gov. 
of Vera Cruz, May, 1848; subsequently com. 
the dcpts. of Cal. and Texas ; made brig.-gen. 
Dec. 30, 1856; and just before his death was 
app. to com. ihe Utah expedition. 

Smith, Persifor Frazer, b. Phila. 
1808. U. of Pa. 1825. Adm. to the bar 1829. 
Author of " Reports Sup. Ct. of Pa.," 186.'>- 

6 ; " Forms of Procedure," 8vo, 1862. — AtU- 
bone. 

Smith, Prestos, brig.-gcn. C.S.A., killed 
at Chickamanga, Sept. 19,1863. He entered 
the service as an officer in a Tenn. regt., and 
rose to the rank of brig.-gen. He, ami n' arly 
all his staff, were killed, while making a rccon- 
noissance, by a volley from a Union rcu'imcnt. 

Smith, RiiiiAnD Pens, lawyer and drama- 
tist, li. I'liila. March, 1799; d. lit his re-lilenco 
on the Schuylkill, Aug. 12, 1854. Son of 
Win. .Moore Smith. Adm. to the bar in 1821. 
His first production was a scries of essays, en- 
titled " The Plagiary," in the Utiton. In'l822- 

7 he edited the Aurora as the successor of 
Duanc. He then resnmej his practice of law. 
Ho pub. "The Forsaken," a novel, 1831 ; " The 
Actress of Padua, and t)thcr Tales ; " " Caius 
Marius," a tragedy written for Forrest - and 



sjva 



845 



SM3 



many other successful ])li\ys, among them 
"Quito Correct," "The Eighth of January," 
" The Sentinels," " Wm. Penn," "The Water- 
Witch," "Is she a Brigand?" &c/ He fre- 
quently contril). poetical pieces for the news- 
papers. Also author of " Life of DaviJ 
Crockett," 1836. His miscellaneous works, 
coll. by his son Horace W. Smith, with a Me- 
moir liv Morton McMichael, were pub. 18.56. — 
Dmickinelc. 

^Ulith, Richard Scmers, b. Phila. 1813. 
West PuHit, 1834. Railroad engr. 1836-40; 
prof, of drawing, West-Point Acad., 1840-56 ; 
resigned from the army in 1SJ6; prof math., 
eng., and drawing, Brooklyn Inst., 1S.J5-9; 
director Cooper Inst., N.V. City, 18.59-61 ; 
maj. 12lh U.S. Inf. M May, '61, to 30 May, 
1863, serving in the Rappahannock campaign, 
and com. a brig, at Chancellorsville in Mav, 
1863. Pres. of Girard Coll. 1863 to Sept. 1867. 
Author of " Manual of Topog. Drawing," 
I 1854 ; " Linear Perspective," 1857. — Cullum. 

J y Smith, RoBEUT, D.J). (N.J. Coll. 1760), 
J/ clergvmaa and scholar, h. Londonderrv, Ire- 
land," 1723 ; d. Koikvillc, Pa., Apr. 15," 1793. 
When a child, his parents settled on the head- 
waters of the Brandywine, in Chester Co., Pa. 
He was edueiited at the Fogg's Manor School 
of Rev. Samuel Blair, whose sister Elizabeth 
hem. in 1750. Licensed Doc. 27, 1749. Mar. 
26, 1751, he was settled pastor of Pequea 
Preib. Church, Lancaster Co. Here he estab. 
a classical and theol. sera, of high chara -ter, 
where was laid the foundation of the eminence 
of his two sons, Samuel Stanhope and John 
Blair Smith. Author of some sermons. — 
Sprnque. 

Sihitb, Robert, D.D., first Prot.-Epis. 
bishop of S.C, b. Norfolk Co., Eng., 1732 ; d. 
Charleston, Oct. 28, 1801. U. of Camb ,Eng., 
1753, of wliich he was elected a fellow. Adm. 
to d.acon's orders March 7, and to priest's 
Dec. 21, 1756. In 1759 he became rector of 
St. Phi'.ip's, Charleston, S.C. ; visited Eng. in 
1768-70, and, though loyal at the commence- 
ment of the R'-Vol., Ijecarae an ardent patriot, 
and went to the lines armed as a common sol- 
dier. Banished in conseciuence by the British, 
in 1780 he took temporary charge of St. Paul's 
parish. Queen Anne Co., Md. ; returned to liis 
former charge in May, 178-3, and, on account 
of till ir depressed condition, took charge of an 
acad. incorporated in 178G as Charli'ston Coll., 
jnd in which he held the office of principal 
until 1798. Elected bishop of S.C. in 1795, 
he was consoi-. at Phila. Sept. 13. 

Smith, Robert, statesman, bro. of Gen. 
Samuel, li. Nov. 1757; d. Baltimore, 26 Nov. 
1842. N.J. Coll. 1781. He was present at the 
battle of Brandywine as a vol. ; studied law, 
and rose to distinction at the bar ; was some 
years a member of the Md. legisl.; sec. U.S. 
navy 26Jau. 1S02-18Q5; U.S. atty.-gen. Mar.- 
Dcc. Io05; sec. of state 6 Mar. 1809-25 Nov. 
1811 ; was some years pres. of the Bible Soci- 
ety and of the Md. Agnc. Soc; and succeeded 
AJrchiiishop Carroi as provost of the U. of Md. 
Author of an " Address to the People of the 
U.S.," 1811. 

Smith, KoswELL C, b. Franklin, Ct., 
1797. Author of school textbooks on geog- 



raphy, grammar, and arithmetic, extensively 
used ; and a " Reply to the Charges of Daniel 
Adams," 1831. 

Sm.ith, Samuel, liistorian, b. Burlington, 
N.J., 1720; d. there 1776. Member of the 
assemlily, treas. of West Jersey, &e. He pub. 
" History of New Jersey from its Settlement 
to 1721," 8vo, 1755. Some of his valuable 
MSS. were used by Proud in his Hist, of 
Pennsylvania. 

Smith, Gex. Samuel, Revol. officer, b. 
Carlisle, Pa., Julv 27, 1752 ; d. April 22, 1839. 
His lather John Smith, who removed to Balti- 
more in 1760, was several years a member of 
the legisl. ; member of the Md. Const. Conv. 
of 1776 ; and diu'ing nearly the whole war was 
chairman of the com. of ways and means in 
the house of delegates. Samuel received tlie 
rudiments of his education at Carlisle; then 
attended school in Baltimore, and afterwards 
in Elkton. Until 1771 he was in his father's 
counting-room, when he visited Europe in one 
of liis father's vessels. Early in the struggle 
for liberty he joined a vol. company, and iu 
Jan. 1 776 was app. a capt. iu Smaliwood's regt., 
which, at the battle on Long Island, did emi- 
nent sen'ice, and lost ono-third of its men. 
Disting. at Harlem and White Plains, \vh ra 
he was slightly wounded; and, in the harassing 
retreat through N, J., he was, Dec. 10, 1776, 
given a major's commission in Gi-t's batt. ; 
made lieut.-col. of the 4ih (Md.) Regt. in 1777, 
and was at the t^ttaek on Staten Island and at 
Brandywine. Immediately afterwards he was 
detached by Washington to the defence of Fort 
Mifflin. In this naJked and exposed work he 
maintained himself, under a continual cannon- 
ade, from Sept. 26 to Nov. 1 1 , when he was so 
severely wounded as to make it nectssary to 
remove him to the Jersey shore. For this 
gallant defence, Congress voted him thanks a>id 
an elegant sword. Not entirely recovered from 
the eli'ects of his wound, he yet took part in 
the hardships of Valley Forge. lie look an 
active part in the battle of Jlonmouth. Re- 
duced, after a service of three years and a half, 
from alliuence to poverty, he was compelled to 
resign his commission, hut coutiuneJ to do 
duty as a col. of militia until the end of the 
war. Several years a member of the legisl. ; 
he was a member of Congress either in the 
house or situate, where his seniccs were of the. 
utmost importance, from 1793 to 1833. Under 
ilr. Jefterson he served a short time as sec. of 
the navy, though declining the app. Ho was a 
brig.-gen. of militia, and served as m.nj.-gen of 
the State troops in the defence of Baltimore in 
the war of 1812, the success of which was emi- 
nently due to his talents and knowledge. In the 
sumiuer of 1835, when in his 83d year, a com. 
of his fellow-citizens h;iving called on lii.ii to 
put down a fearful molj w:;ieli had jwssession 
of the city, he at once c(5nsent 'd to make the 
attempt, w.as successful, and was elected ma/or 
of the city. 

Smith, Samuel Emersom, jurist, b. Hol- 
lis, N.ll., March 12, 1788; d. \Vise;isset, Me., 
March 3, 1860. H.U. 1S03. Hi.; father Ma- 
nasseh (H.U. 1773), a chaplain in the Revol. 
army, al'terward a lawyer at Wiscassct, d. 
there 1823. He studied law; was adm. to tUe 



SMI 



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San 



Boston l)ar, and actiled in WIscasset in 1812 ; 
represotitaiivc in 1819-20. HewascliiL-f justic^B' 
C. C. P , Me., 1S21 ; a justice of the State 
C. C. P. in 1 S22-30; (jov. 18.31-4 ; again judjrc 
of C. C P. in 18.35-7, and in 183" a coiuiuiss. 
to revis' tlio public statutes of iLiinc. 

Smith, Samiel Frascis, D.U. (Colliy 
U. 1853), cl-ri.'vni.'in, h. Boston, Oct. 21, 180d. 
H.U. 1829. aVc.t siudyinj; tlioolo;.'y at An- 
dovcr, he edited for 18 nionllis tli'; Bujitist Mis- 
swiiiiri/ Miiijri:ine in BoBton. He wa.s at this 
rime a large contributor to the /Cnri/rhixedia 
Americann. From Feb. 12, 1834, to 1842. he 
was pastor of the Fir-t Baptist Cliurch, Watcr- 
viile, M '., and prof, of modern languagi-s in 
Waterville Coll ; from .Ian. 1, 1842, to' July, 
1 854, he was pastor of t he First Baptist Church, 
Newton, Ms. ; edited the Christian Review in 
1 842-9 ; and t-ince 1 854 has been en^'aged in 
literary pur-uits, and editing the publications 
of the Baptist Mis>. Union. He has from 
early youth been a contrib. to perio'tical litera- 
ture"; and th.- well-known hymns, ' ' My Country, 
'tis of Thee," and " The' Morning I-ight is 
Breaking," arc among his early productions. 
In 1843, in connection with Rev. Baron Stow, 
he compiled " The Psalmist," a collection of 
paalms and hymns. His other publications 
are "Lyric Gcins," 1844; and " Life of Rev. 
Joseph Grafton," 1845. He also contrib. a 
large portion of the songs in the " Juvenile 
Lyre, edited by Lowell Mason. 

Smith, Samuei, Hakrisov, editor; d. 
W.i>liiu;.-ton, Nov. 1, 1845, a. 73. U. of Pa. 
17>7. t^OM of .Jonathan Bayard, a Rcvol. pa- 
triot, lie editi-d the .Y<ki World &t Phila. in 
1796 ; and, when the seat of govt, was located at 
Washington, he established there, Oct. 31,1 ^00, 
the Xatioiiul [nlplU'jnicrr, which lie relinquished 
in 1810. Commi-s. of the revenue from 1813 
until the alx>liiion of the office. Author of 
"Remarks on Education," &c., 8vo, 1798. 

S:nith, Sami^-ei, .J., port, b. Burlington, N. 
J., 1771; d. :835. (;r:iiid>on of Sumuel, the his- 
torian of X. .1. With large inherited wealth he 
lived on his estate, dividin'.' his time between lit- 
erature, his farm, and jjubiic benefactions. A 
vol. of his po"try was ^nib. 8vo, 1 S36. Two of 
his beautiful lync* arc in Li/ra Sncrn Amrricana. 

Smith, Sarah L.vnmas, missionary, b. 
Norwich, Ct., 1802; d. Bouj.ah, nc;ir Smvma, 
Sept. 30, 1836. Dau. of Jahez Huntington. 
In 18.30-1, 8he, «-ith Sarah Breed, established 
and conducted a sabbath school among the Mo- 
hegan Indians; in 1S33 she m. Rev. Eli Smith; 
embarked for Smyrna, lalioring chiefly at Bei- 
rut; in 1836, in iil-health, she was wre<'kcd on 
a voyage to Smyrna, but escaped in a boat, dy- 
ing soon after. H T Memoirs were pub. by Dr. 
H W. Hooker in 1«39. 

Smith, SiRAii Lot-ISA p. (Hickman), b. 
Detroit, Mieh . .30 Jun.-, 1811 ; d N. Y. Citv, 
1 2 Feb. 1 832. Gr.ind-<l:iu. of C.eu. Wm. Hull. 
Her family re.sidvd at Newton, Ms., where she 
w:i3 lib rally educated. In l'<28 she ra. Sanil. 
J nks .Smith, an editor in Providence, R.I., 
wi:!i whom slie removed to Cincinnati in 1829. 
lie was aftcnvard conni'ctcd with the N. Y. 
press, and d. while on n voy.ige to Europe in 
1S42. Her pdeins were pub. 12mo, 1828. — .Soc 
Pacta and Poctri of I'le West. 



/ Smith, Sami EL Stanhope, D.D (Y.C. 
17^3), L!..D. (II U. 1810), scho.ar and clergy, 
man, b. I'-quea, Pa, Mar. 16, 1750; d. Prince- 
ton, Aug. 21, 1819. N J. Coll. 1769. Son of 
Roljcrt Smith, D.D., in whose aead. he was 
educated. He ln'came an assist, in liis father's 
M'hool, and was in 1770-3 tutor at Princton, 
pur.-uing at the same time the study of theolo 
gy. Ord. in 1774. Ho coinraenced the lalwrs 
of a missionary in the western counties of Va., 
and was soliciied to preside over lliimp Sid. 
Coll. ; in 1779 he became prof of moral philos. 
at Princeton, where the ravages of the war hod 
been most severely felt, di.-pci-.-.ing the students, 
reducing the building to a state of dilapidation, 
and gR-atly embarrassing the institution linan- 
ciallv. He made great cx' rlions and pi^cuiiiary 
sacnliees to restore it to prosperity ; aecepteil in 
17S3 the additional office of pro), of tlieol., and 
in 1786 that of viee-pres. of the eollegc. Mem- 
ber of a com. to draw up a syst^'iu of govt, for 
the Presb. Church in 1780, and in 1795 suc- 
ceeded Dr. Witherspoon, his father-in-law, as 
pres. of the college, resigning in 1812. Dr. S. 
wrote with elegance and iierspicuity, was an 
eloquent and popular preacher, and was elegant 
in pei-son and manners. Author of " An Es- 
say on the Variety of Complexion in the Hu- 
man Speciis," 1788, maintaining the idea of 
the unity of the race; "Lectures on the Evi- 
dences of the Christian Religion and on Moral 
Philosophy," 1 809 ; and a " System of Natural 
and Revealed Religion," 1810. Also sermons, 
2 vols. 8vo, 1821, with a memoir. — SprmjM. 

Smith, StBA, author, b. Biieklie:il, Me., 
Sept. 14, 1792; d. Piitchoguc, L.I.. July 29, 
1868. Bowd. Coll. 1818. lie settled in I'ort- 
hiud as a writer lor the periodical )iress, where 
he wrote the series of humorous po.iiicnl letu'rs 
under the pseudoiiyme of" Major Jack Down- 
ing," first pub. collectively in 18.33. In 1842 
he removed to New York. His other publica- 
tions arc, " Dew-Drops of the 19ih Century," 
1846; " My 30 Years out of the Semite,"' by 
Maj. Jack Downing, 1859; "Powhatan," a 
metrical romnnec, 1841; "New Elements of 
Geometry," 1850; and " Wav Down East, or 
Portraitures of Yankee Life,'' 1855. Ho also 
wrote many minor occasional poems. Editor 
of and contrib. to manv ncwspajicrs and pcri- 
odi alls. His widow (KliMlK;tli Oakcs) resides 
in X w York. 

Smith, Solomon Franklin, actor and 
manager, b. Norwich, Chenango Co., N.Y.; 
Apr. 20, 1801 ; d. St. Loi-.is, Mo., Feb. 14, 1869. 
He learned the printer's trade, and, while verj- 
voung, joiu' d a company of strolling players at 
Louisville, Ky. He soon becam ■ a hading ac- 
tor and great favorit"' in the West and South, 
then a star, and finally a manager in many 
Western thcitres. July 4, 1S22, he issntd iit 
Ciniinnaii a paper called the Indi/icndiiit Pnsf, 
coniiuu'd one year; in' l>'53 he quitted the 
stage, pr.i( tised'law in St. Louis, and in 1861 
was a meinbiT of the State convention as 
an unconditional Union man. His /ortf as an 
actor was low comedv, in which he was un- 
equalled. His "Autobiography" and "Remi- 
niscences of the Stage " were pub. in N.Y. in 
l.«68; "Theatrical Apprenticeship," in 1845; 
and " Theatrical Jouruej-Work," &c., in 1854. 



I 



s:mi 



847 



sivn 



Smith, Thomas, first minister of Portland, 
from Mar. S, 17i7, to 1784, h. Boston, Mar. 10, 
1702; d. Portland, May 23, 1795. II. U. 1720. 
Ill 1725 he went to Falmonth, now Portland, 
as chaplain to the troops th^re, and preached 
to ih-j inhaliitants ; in 1767 he received a col- 
league, Samuel Deane. He pub. some sermons. 
E.Ntr.icrs from his Journals, 1720-88, with Ap- 
pendix, were pub. by S. Freeman, 1821 ; " Joni-- 
nals of Thos. Sniirh and Saral. Deane," with 
Not's, &c., by William Willis, were pub. 8vo, 
1849. 

Smith, Thomas, jurist, b. Scotland; d. 
Bedibrd, Pa., June, 1809. An emigrant to 
America at an early age, and a lawyer by pro- 
f:s~ipn. Feb. 9, 1769, he was app. dep. sur- 
V-'ydr, and istablished himself in Bedford, Pa. 
lie became prothonotary, clerk of the sessions, 
and recorder of Bedford Co. ; col. of militia in 
tlie Revol.; member of the State Const. Conv. 
i;i 1776; member State legisl. ; member of the 
Old Congri'ss 1780-2; pres. of the judicial 
dist. of Cumberland, ilifflin, Huntingdon, Bed- 
ford, and Franklin Counties, 1791-4 ; judge of 
the Sup. Court of Pa. 1794-1809. — Por{/o(Vo, 
1809. 

Smith, Thomas jErrERSos, judge, an 
accomjiliihed scholar and vigorous writer; d. 
Baltimore, July 13, 1857. He was at one 
time jiulge of a Marine Court in N.Y., and 
had occupied a judicial position in California. 

Smith, Thomas L., b. Phila. 1805. Judge 
Sup. Court of Ind. 1S47-53. Author of "Re- 
ports Sup. Ct. of Ind. 1848-9 ; " " Elements of 
tlie Laws," &e., 2d cd., 1859, Svo. — AHHmic. 

Smith, Thomas M,ither, D.D. (Bowd. 
Coll. 1S50), b. Stamford, Ct., 1797; d. Port- 
land, Me., 6 Sept. 1864. Y.C. 1816; Andover 
Seni. 1820. Ord. 1822. Son of Rev. Daniel 
of Stamford, Ct. Cong, pastor successively of 
Portland, Fall River, Catskill, N.V., and New 
Bedi'ord. Ord. priest in the Pr.-Episc. Church, 
h" was prof of syst. divinity at Kcnyon Coll., 
O., in 1845-61, and 4 years president. 

Smith, Trcmax, U.S. senator, 1849-54, b. 
Eoxbury, Ct., Nov. 27, 1791. Y.C. 1815. Ad- 
mitted to th- bar in 1818; was a member of the 
Stare legis!. in 1S31-2 and '34; M.C.in I.S39- 
43 and in 1845-9. He has since practised law 
in N.Y. City. Judge of the Conrt of Arbitni- 
tion in N. York under the treaty of 1 802 with 
Great Britain ; a judge of the Court of Claims 
aririnu: I'rom the Relx>llion. Ho pub. "An Ex- 
amina:ion of the Question of Anaesthesia," 
Pro, 1859; again, Svo, 1867. He assigns the 
dis.'overy to Dr. Horace Wells. 

Smith, William, chief justice of N. Y., 
b. New York, 25 June, 1728; d. there 3 Dec. 
1793. Y.C. 174.5. Soi; of an eminent lawyer 
of the same name, who was mayor of the city, 
judge Sup. Court, and influential in puldic af- 
fairs, and who d. 1:2 Nov. 1769, a. 73. The son 
bcciiinconeof the foremost lawyers of his time 
in America. App a judge of the Supreme 
Court in 1763 ; member of the council as early 
«s 1769: adhered to the royal govt, in the 
Revol.; went to Eng. at the peace in 1783; 
and in Nov. 1788 was app. chief justice of 
Ciinadii. It is believed that he at first op- 
posed the meiHures of Entr., and jninc I the 
royal side wiili many otiiers i^i 1778. He 



wrote an excellent history of New York from 
its settlement to 1732, pub. Lond. 1757, re- 
pub, with ailditions in 1814, and continued to 
1762 by William, son of the chief justice, 
also author of the first " English History of 
Canada," b. June, 1770. 

Smith, William, D.D. (Oxf 1759), Pr.- 
Ep. clergyman and author, b. Aberdeen, Scot- 
land, 1726; d. Phila. May 14, 180.3. H. of Aber- 
deen, 1747. Heemig. to Amer. in 1750 ; was a 
private tutor in the family of Gov. Martin on 
Long Islanil ; and, being invited to take charge 
of the coll. in Phila., revisited Eiig. to be ord. 
in the Epis. Church; returned io Amer. in 
Dec. 1753 ; and in May, 1754, was jilaced at the 
head'of the coll. This institution, of which he 
was founder and first provost, atiained a high 
character in his bands, and was subsequently 
erected into the present U. of Pa. During hfs 
long life he was disting. for his oratorical pow- 
ers, for his sermons and political writings dur- 
ing the Revol., and more particularly tor his 
devotion to the cause of education and litera- 
ture. His orations on the deaths of Gen. 
Montgomery and Dr. Franklin, pronounced 
by request of Congress and other public bodies, 
were considered masterpieces of composition. 
Besides these, he pub. discourses on several 
public occasions during the war, 1759, 2d cd., 
with sermons added, 1763; "Concerning the 
Conversion of the Heathen in America," 1760 ; 
" An Account of the Charitable Corporation 
for the Widows of Clergymen," 1769 ;' an Ora- 
tion before the Amer. Pliilos. Society, 1773 ; on 
" The Present Crisis of American AfTiiirs," 
June 2.3, 1775; on "Temporal and Spiritual 
Salvation," 1790; an essay entitled "A Gen- 
eral Idea of the College of Mirania," 1753. 
One of the earliest of his writings was " A 
Philosophical Meditation and Religious Ad- 
dress to the Supreme Being," Lond. 1754. 
From Oct. 1757 to Oct. 1758 he pub. a series 
of eight essiiys in the Amer. Ma;f. at Phila., 
entitled "The Hermit; "and was the author 
of " Bouquet's Expcd. against the Western 
Indians." A selection of his works was pub. 
2 vols. 8vo, 1803. 

Smith, William, statesman ; d. Balti- 
more. 27 Mar. 1814, a. 85. A delegate to the 
Old Congress 1777-8 ; M.C. 1789-91 ; and af- 
terwards auditor of the treasury. 

Smith, William, D.D., "Pr.-Ep. clergy- 
man, b. Scotland, 1753; d. New York, Apr. 6, 
1821. Heemig. to Americaasan ord. minister 
in 1785; nfiieiatcd in Md., Narragansctt and 
Newjwrt, R.I., Norwalk, Ct., and New York; 
his unhai)pytem|)erament preventing his longso- 
journ in any parish, though highly respected for 
scholarly attainments, lie taught a grammar- 
school in New York in 1800; and in 1802-6 was 
principal of the Epis. Academy, Cheshire, Ct. ; 
he subs<'quenlly resided in New York, writing 
for the jux'ss. Among bis ]inblicatiipns were a 
series of essays on tlie Chi-i-tian .Ministry, a 
Book of Charts, and a large work on Christian 
Psalmody, 1814. The OlHee of Institution of 
Ministers into Parishes or Churches, as set 
forth in the Book of Ccnnmon Prayer, was his 
jjroduetion. His collotpiial ])ov/ers were ex- 
traordinary. — IJIahr. 

Smith,' William, LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 1796), 



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Bcnator, b. N.C. ITC2; d. Iluntsvillc, Ala., 20 
June, 1S40. Kducuted at Muuut-Zion Coll. 
AdinittoJ to llic bar in 1792; M. C. from 
Clmrlolon dist. 1797-9; U.S. stnnior 1817-23 
and I82G-3I ; mcmbur State le^i.-l., and jud)^ 
of the Sup. Court. A distin^. supimrter of the 
doctrine of Slate riirht^. IJeclined a scot on 
the bond) of the U.S. Sup. Court; candidate 
of S.C. for \-ice-prcs. in 1837; twice prcs. /iro 
tern. U.S. si'nate. 

8mith> William, politician, nicknamed 
" Extra Billy," b. King (icorp; Co., Va., 6 
Sept. 1797. Kducntcdat Plainlicld Acad., Ct., 
and in private schools in Vo. ; and b<.j;an to 
practise law in 1818. By cstnbli^llinf; a line 
of coaches through Va., the Cuix>liiiasa and 
Ga., he made a fortune. Was a member of the 
legisl. in 18.36 and 1840; M.C. 1842-3; gov. 
of Va. 1846-D; and again il.C. in I85.3-61 ; 
made a brig.-gcn. in the Coiifwl. army, ond 
wounded at Antietam. 

Smith, Wn.Li.vM, commo. U.S.N., b. Ky. 
9 Jan. 1803. Midshipm. Mar. 4, 1823; lieut. 
Mar. 3, 1831; com. Sept. 12, 1854; commo. 
July 16, 1802 ; retired 9 Jan. 1863. Attached 
to "The Sea-Gull" in 1823, and 6cr\-cd in 
Porter's S4|uad. against W. I. pirates ; in " The 
Vandalia" 1S35-7, co-operating with the anny 
in several e.xpeds. amunst llic Semiuole In- 
dians, l"la. ; during the Mexican war assisted 
at the capture of Tuspan ond Tabosco ; com. 
" The Levant " in the E. I. squad. 1854-8 ; ond 
participated in the capture of the barrier forts, 
Canton, China, in 1856; was in the frir;atc 
" Congress " when sunk by " The Merrimack ; " 
com. " The Wachusett " and gunboats co-op- 
crating with McClellan's army in 1862; and 
com. Fensacola naval statiun in 1802-5. — 
Uiunersh/. 

Smith, Gks. Willia-M F.vrear, b. St. 
Alban's, Vt., Feb. 17, 1824. West Point, 1845. 
Entering the tojiog. engrs., he became 2d lieut. 
1849; 1st lieut. 1S.")3; capt. 1839; major Mar. 
3, 1863; as.sist. prof, of mathem.itics at West 
Point 184G-9 and 1855-6 ; and al.'^) cmplo^id 
on the surveys of the Lake-Superior region, 
of the Uio Grande, Texas, the military road 
to California, and on the Mexican-boundary 
commis.>ion. When civil war began, he was 
see. of the lighthouse txjard at Wiushington ; 
obtaining leave of absence, he took com. of 
the 3d Vt. Vols. 16 Julv, and U'camo brig.-gcn. 
Aug. 13, 1861; maj.-gen. July 4, 1862. He 
was in the Bull -rutv' battle 21 July. 1861. 
During the Chickohominy camj)aign he was 
highly di>iing. ; com. o division in the corps of 
Gen. Franklin ; partiei|>ated in the Ixittles of 
South Mountain and Antietam : com. the 6th 
corps ill the battle of Frcilcriik>l)urg Dec. 13 ; 
chief engr., dept.of thf CuiulKrland, Oot.-Xov. 
1863; of the milit. divi>ion of the Mpi. Nov. 
186.3-Mar. 1804; in o|icrati.>n:i al)Out Chatta- 
nooga, and battle of Mismoii. liidgi-; com. 18th 
corps, Army of Potomac, M»v-.Julv, 1864 ; and 
enpigvdat Cold Harbor and sicgeof' Petersburg; 
resigned 7 .Mar. 1867 ; pros. Intcmat. Telcg. 
Co. since 1864; brcv. lieut.-col. for White-oak 
Swamp 28 June, 1S62; cul. for Antietam 17 
Sept. 1862; brig.-gen. and maj.gin. 13 Mar. 
1 865 for Chattimooga, and forgallant and merit, 
acniccs during the liebcliiou. — t'ullum. 



Smith, William Lougiiton, LL D., 
stHle^mall of S.C; d. 1812. M.C. from S.C. 
1789-97 ; an able Kup|K>rtcr of the adniiuislru- 
tions of Wasliiiigtoii and Adams ; minister tc 
Portugal in 1797-1800, nnd lu Spain 1800-01. 
He pub. an oraiion. July 4, I79G; a coni- 
poraiive view ot the Con«iitutions of the States 
and the U.S., 1797; a pamphlet again>t the 
pretensions of Jefferson to the pr^^^ridency ; 
essays signe^l " Pli04-ioii ; " nddrtsrt to his con- 
stituints, 1794. His »|iecches and letter lo his 
con>lituents were r»pul>. in London in 1795. 

Smith, William Mooiik, lantrrandpnct, 
b. PhilH. June 1,1759; d. ther<-lS21. Son 
of William Smith, provost of Phila. Coll., and 
|>ul>. a vol. of puenis, 1785, »liich in 1787 was 
repub. in Eng. He was, under Joy's treaty, 
general agent for claimants, and vi^iled Eng. 
in 1803 to close his coiunii>>iun, ai'i-omp. by 
his son William Ruilolph Smith as iirivatesec 
Kiehard IViin Smith wa< his son. 

Smith, William lit DOLrii, hist, writer, 
son of Win. Moore Siniili. b. at the Tr.ippe, 
Pa., 31 Aug. 1787; d. Qniitcy, 111., 29 Aug. 
1868. Author of " Observations on Wis. Tir- 
ritory," 1818; "Hist, of Wi.<con>in," 4 vols. 
8vo; " Discoui-sc licforc ihe Wi.-. Hist. Soc.," 
1850. In early life he edited the Huntingdon 
(Pa.) Musfiiiii, and contrih. the Memoirs of 
Wyihc to " Sanderson's Lives." Many years 
pres. of the Slate Hist. Soc. He went t^TWis. 
in 1837, and in 1853 became any .gen. of ilio 
Slate. 

Smith, William R. oI Tuscaloosa, Ala., 
formerly a ju.lge; M.C. 1851-5. Author of 
" The Alabama Justi'c," Svo, 1841 ; " Uses of 
Soliiude," a poem. I860 ; " As It Is," u novel ; 
Condensed .Ma. Reports, 1962. 

Smith. Col William Stephens, RpvoI. 
officer, 1>. N'.Y. 1753 ; d. Ixbanon, N.Y., Jiino 
10. 1816. N.J. Coll. 1774. Son of Capt. 
John. lie was oiile to Gen. Sullivan, Aug. 
15, 1776; lieut.-col. 13th Ms. Ki-gt. Irom Nov. 
1778 to Mar. 1779; was several times wouiidcil ; 
was then for a short lime aitai Ixd to the stntf 
of Steul)on, but Icit in Jnly, 1781, Vi iMiome 
aide-de-camp to Washington. He m. the only 
dan. of Juhn Adams, whose sec. of legation ho 
was in Eng. in 1785; was survcjorof NY. ; 
3 vcars a member of the Assemblv'; prcs. of the 
N^Y. Cincinnati in 1804, and .M.'C. 1813-16. 

Smith, WoRTiiiNOTON, D.D., prc!". of the 
U. of Vu 1849-56, b. Hadlcv, >Ls., 1795; d. 
St. Alban's. Vt., Feb. 30, 18.'i"6 Wnis. Coll. 
1816. .Minister at St. Alban's, Vi., 1823-49. 
His sermons, and Memoir by Kev. J. 'I'orrey, 
DD, were pub. 1861, 8vo. 

Smithson, James Lewis Macie, F.R.S., 
an Engli?h cliemi-t, and founder of the .^tniih- 
sonian Iiisiilailnn at Wasliin:;ton ; H Geno.i, 
June 27, 1829. M.A. of Pembroke Coll.. 
Oxford. May 26, 1786. The birth of this gentle- 
man is thus described by bim>elf at the coin- 
mcnccment of bis will: •' I, James Sinilhson, 
son of Hugh, first duke of Northumberland, 
and Elizabeth, heiress of the Ilungerfonls of 
Stnilley, and niece lo Charles, the proud dnko 
of Somerset." His brother was Earl IVrry of 
Lexington fame. He was elected fellow ol iho 
Royal Society in 1787, and appears under the 
name of Macie ia the l'hilu>oph. Traasaclioni 



SMY 



849 



SNE 



tor 1791 ; but, between that date niul 1803, he 
chose to change his name to Smilhsoii (the 
liunily name of his father). He was at one 
time a vice-pres. of the Hoy. Soc., to whose 
Transactions he adJeii eight comniuiiications, 
anil was also deeply interested in geological 
investigations. ^lr. Smithson's will, dated 
Oct. 2.3, 182G, devised the whole of his prop- 
erty (il20,00U) to his nephew Lient -Col. 
Dickenson for his life, and, after his decease, to 
his surviving children ; but in the event of his 
dying without a child or children, then the 
wholcofthe property " to the United States, for 
the purpose of fonniiing an institution at Wash- 
ington, to be called the Smithsonian Institution, 
for the increase and diffusion of knowledge 
among men." By the death of his nephew 
ill 183.") without heirs, the property devolved 
upon the U.S. Hon. Richard Rush, as agent 
ol the U.S., received the bequest, and, Sept. 1, 
1838, paid into the U.S. treasury $515,169. In 
Aug. 1856 Congress passed an act to establish 
the institution; and, up to 1871, 17 vols, of 
" Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge " 
have been pub. In 1862 a niece of Smithson 
bequeathed to the institution £25,000. 

Smybert. — Sec Smibert. 

SmyLh, Gek. ALiiX.^SDiiR, b. Island of 
Raihllii, Ireland, 1765 ; d. Washington, D.C., 
26 Apr. 1830. Member Va. legisl. ; app. col. 
of rifles 8 July, 1808 ; acting insp.-gen. 30 Mar. 
1812; insp.-gen. (rank of brig.-gcn.) 6 July, 
1812; undertook the invasion of Canada in 
Nov. 131 2, but proved incompetent, and was soon 
removed from the army; M.C. 1817-25 and 
1827-30. He pub. "Regulations forU.S.Infant- 
rv," 1S12, and a pamphlet on the Apocalvpse. 
' Smjrth, Clement, D.D., R.C. bishop of 
Dubuque, Iowa; consec. 3 May, 1857; d. 22 
Sept. 1865. 

Sznytb, John F. D., a loyalist, who was 
imprisoned at Phila. for attempting to raise a 
force in Va. ; escaped, and was retaken at 
Pittsburg. He pub. in Lond. 2 vols. 1784, 
" A Tour in the U.S.," which, though replete 
with falsehood and calumny, contains truthful 
pictures of society and manners in Va. at that 
date. — Alliboiie. 

Smyth, Thomas, D.D. (N.J. CoU. 1843), 
clergyman, b. Belfast, Ireland, 14 July, 1803. 
Kdncated at Belfast and London ; came to the 
U.S. in 1830; soon after entered the Princeton 
Theol. Som. ; visited Charleston, S.C, in Nov. 
1831; and in 18.32 became pastor of the 2d 
Prcsb. Church there, where he continued till 
1862. Heliaswiitten "Ecclesiastical Repub- 
licanism," " On the Prelatic Docirine of Apos- 
tolic Succession," " The Life and Character 
oil Calvin Defended," 1844; "The History, 
Character, and Results of the Westminster 
Assembjy of Divines," 1847; "Bereaved la- 
milies Con.solcd," 1845; "The Unity of the 
Human Races proved to be the Doctrine of 
Scripture, Reason, and Science," 1850 ; " Na- 
ture and Claims of Voung Men's Christian 
Associations," 1857; " Why do I Live ?" 1857 ; 
" The Well in ihe Valley," 1857 ; " Obedience 
the Life of Missions,"" 1860; "The True 
Origin and Source of the Mecklenburg Dccl. 
of Indcp. ; " " Uow is the World to he Con- 
verted ? " &c. 



Smyth, Gen. Tuomas A., b. Ireland ; d 
Peter.^hiirg, Va., Apr. 9, 1865, being mortallj 
wounded near Farmville, Va., while com. the 
2d div. 2d army corps, Apr. 6, 1865. While 
a boy, he came to the U.S., and settled at 
Wilmington, Del., and engaged in coach-mak- 
ing. At the opening of the war he raised a 
company in Wilmington, and joined in Phila. 
a 3-months' regt., serving in the Shenandoah 
Valley. Returning home, be was made nmjor 
of a Del. regt., and rose to the com. of a brigade. 
Made brig.-gen. 3 June, 1864, for gallantry at 
Cold Hiirbor. 

Smyth, William, D.D., b. Pittston, Me., 
1797 ; d. Brunswick, Me., Apr. 3, 1868. Bowd. 
Coll. 1822. 40 years a jirof. of mathematics 
in that institution, and author of valuable 
school text-books on algebra, geometry, trigo- 
nometrv, &c. 

Snell, Thomas, D.D. (Amh. Coll. 182S), 
clergyman, b. Cumniington, Ms., Nov. 21, 
1774; d. N. Brookficld, May 4, 1S62. Dartm. 
Coll. 1795. Ho taught an'acad. at Haverhill 
one year; was liecn.sed to preach by the Tol- 
land Association, Oct. 3, 1797 ; and ord. pastor 
2d Church, North Brookficld, June 27, 1798. 
Among his 24 pubs. — chicOy sermons — are 
an oration at Brookficld, ^nly 5, 1813; sermon 
on the Completion of the 40th Year of his Min- 
istry, with a brief History of the Town, 1838; 
sermon on the 50th Anniv. of his Ordination, 
1843 ; discourse containing an Historical 
Sketch of N. Brookficld, 1850 ; and Historical 
Sketch of the lit Cong. Church, N. Brookficld, 
to M;iy, 1852. 

Snelling, Cor.. Josiah, b. Boston, 1782; 
d. Wa^liinglon Citv, Aug. 20, 1828. App. 
licut. 4ih Inf. May 3, 1808 ; capt. June, 18U9 ; 
disting. in the battle of Tippecanoe, Oct. 1811 ; 
bicv. major for disting. service in the battle of 
Brownstown, Aug. 9, 1812; assist, insp.-gen. 
Apr. 25, 1813; licut.-col. 4th Rifles, Feb."2I, 
1814; insp.-gen. (rank of col.) Apr. 12, 1814; 
disting. in affair at Lyon's Creek ; col. 5th Inf. 
June 1, 1819. Author of Remarks on "Gen. 
Hull's Memoirs," 8vo, 1825. Col. S. was a 
principal witness against Hull at bis trial. 

Snelling, William Joseph, poet and 
journalist, b. Boston, 26 Dee. 1804; d. Chel- 
sea, Ms., 24 Dec. 1848. Son of the preceding. 
Educated at West Point. Afterward a fur- 
trappcr in Mo., and subsequently engaged at 
the Galena lead-mines. He began writing in 
1828; was many years connected with the 
newspapers, and at his death was editor of the 
Boston llernhl. He was the victim of intern- 
(lerance. His conti'ibs. to the (idlaxi/.ihcX.JC. 
Mar/., and "TheBoston Book " (1837), cvinci'd 
his ability as a writer of the first rank. His 
principal poetical work, " Truth," is a spirited 
but severe satire on some of our best poet~. 
His " Tales of the Korth-west" contain capital 
descriptions of Indian life. He also published 
" Polar Regions of the Western Continent Ex- 
plored," 8vo, 1831 ; "The Rat-Trap," ic. 

Snethen, Nicholas, clergyman, b. Glen 
Cove, L.I., Nov. 15, 1769; d. Princeton, Ind., 
May 30, 1845. He labored on his father's farm ; 
entered the itinerant ministry of the M. E. 
Church in 1794 ; travelled and prcacheil 4 years 
in N. Eng. ; lubored at Charleston, S.C, for a 



ayro 



8o0 



SOT 



vcflr ; thence was onloreil to Bnltimore ; aftcr- 
WiirJ travelkJ a assi,iant tu \i\h'j\> A>l>iiry, 
iiiiiii:; as his private sot-. In 1804-6 he was 
ki.itiuiicd in New York ; whi.nce he ri-movcJ to 
hi- larra on Lar^norc, Fredcrii.' Co., MJ. Ue- 
iMimin;; liv nurriajie an owner of slaves, ho 
tiiianii|,aiea them in 1829. In 1809 he a;,'.rm 
iK-canic an itinerant, nnil while stationed at 
(_ii.orj,'etown was elected ehaplnin to Congress. 
He returned to farminK in I8U, and in 1829 
removed to Indiana. In 1821 he advocau-d the 
iniriHluclion of lav representation into the 
Churvli, and in 1823 Iwre a prominent part in 
the formation of the Mcth.-l'rou Chureh, in 
toiineetion with which he travelle*! and preached 
■ ill a short time l>efore his death, residing prin- 
ripallvin Cincinnati, lie published a vol. of 
e-s)iys on Lav Representation ; Lectures on 
Bibl'ieal Subjects, 1836; and was co-editor of 
Uie Mtth. PioltsUml in 1834. A volume of 22 
of his sermons was pub. soon after his death, 
and suh>equenllv his wriiinjr!, with a biojjra- 
pliv bv his son, \V. E. S. of Ualiiniore. 

^ub'^V, CvLEB Hopkins, physiiian and 
aiitliur. b. Boston, 1 April, 1796 ; d. there .July 
6, 1835. Brown U. 1813. Son of I'rince 
Snow, some vcars deputy-shcriflf of Suffolk. 
Published in 1825 '*IIistorv of Boston," 8vo; 
" Oeosniidiv of Boston," &c., 1830. 

Snowden, James Ross, numismatist, b. 
Cbi^ier, Del. Co., I'a., 1810. Speaker of the 
liouse of ix'p.. I'a., 1842-4; State trejis. 1845- 
7; treas. U.S. mint 1847-50, and diR'Ctor of 
the same 1833-61. He has pub. " Description 
of Coins in the U.S. Mint.'* 8vo, 1800 ; " De- 
scription of Medals in tlio U. S. Mint," 4lo, 
1861; "The Mint at Phila.," 8vo, 1861; 
" Coins of iho Bible," &c., 1864 ; " The Corn- 
planter Memorial," &c., 1867. Author of the 
article on the Coins of the United States 
in the National Almanac of 1863, and of 
many pamphlets on similar subjects. — Alii- 

Snyder, Joits Li-dwio, a Revol. soldier 
of treat liin"x-viiv, h. Miehaelstadt. Germany, 
An-. 5, 1746; d.' I'a. March 23, 1860, a. 113, 
7inos. 18d. HecametoAmer. inl758; entered 
the arniv in 1775, and fouyht throudh the 
whole war, twins; present at Trenton, Brandy- 
wine, I'aoli. tierniantown. Valley Fori,f, Mon- 
mouth, Stony Point, and under Ijifayette at 
Vorktown. He was a jrunsmilh by trade, and 
made a perfect pun when a^ed 107. He 
retained bis sight and vigor to the last year of 
his life. — Hi.<l. Ma>r.. iv. 157. 

Snyder, Simox, gov. of Pa. isos-i", b. 

LaneuMer Co.. Nov. 5, 1759 ; d. Selim's Grove, 
in Norihumb. Co., Nov. 9. 1819. He rose 
Ironi the bumble situation of an apprentii-c to 
the enjoyment of the higbtst honors of the 
State. Memlicrof the convention which formed 
the eonstimtion of Pa ; several years 9i>eakcr 
of the house of representatives; and in 1818 
was a member of the Slate senate. 

Solger, Ueimioli). Ph. I)., b. Prussia; 
(.ome vc.iis a n>~ident of Kng. ; came to the 
U.S. witli Kossuth, and Ivcame assist, regi-ter 
U.S. treasury; d. 13 .Ian. 1866. Author of 
ilie "Stales System of Kuri«|)e," 1854; "Scblcs- 
wig-lluls!ein 'Question." 8vo, 1802 ; " Hi-tory 
ot the ..cbe:liou in the U.S.," in German, 



1 «02 ; and of the priie-poem for the Schiller 
Cennnnial, Nov. 10, 1859. 

Solis, AxTosio DE, a Spanish poet and 
historian, b. Alcala de llenares, 18 July, 1610; 
d. Madrid 19 Apr. 1686. He studied law ut 
Salamanca, but, devoting himself to literature, 
protluced a comedy at 17, and ai-quired sonie 
repute as a poet. App. in 1632 to a lucrative 
olBcc uniler the sec. of suite, ho became, after 
the death of Philip IV., historiogniplier of the 
Indies, but look orders in the Chun h in 1067, 
and d. iKX)r. His"' Uisturia Jr In CuiKjiiitla lU 
Mfiico^' (fol. Madrid, 1684)concludwl with the 
subjugation of the Mexicans, that he migbt 
not have to rei-ord the subsequent cruelties of 
his couuirymen An Kng. tmnsbiiion was 
pub. in 1724 ; and another, by Townsliend, 3 
vols. 8»ii, Lond., 180'J. His plays were collect- 
ed and pub. at Mailri.l in 17.t2. 

SomerS, Riciurd, a brave naval officer, 
b. Egg Hurbor, N. J.. 1778 ; d. Sept. 4, 1804. 
Son of Col. Kichanl of the Revol. army, who 
d. 1794. Eiiiieated at a school in Phi^a. and 
at the Burlington Aead. He went to sea in 
1794 ; bee-amo a midshipin. in the navy in 1798 ; 
lieui. in 18ol ; and was at his death a master- 
coin. In I8lrt becom. the schooner "Nauii.us," 
in Com. Preble's s<iuailron, in tho Mulit., and 
bonj a dialing, part in the several attacks on 
the Tripolitan gunboats ; himself leading one 
of the attacking divisions, and Decaiiir the 
other. He vol. to take the • Ketch luirepid," 
fitted up as a fireship, into tlie liarlxirol Tri)K)Ii, 
and Willi his brave comrades lost his life by its 
preniainre explosion. 

Sommers, Ch.vkles G., D.D., b. London, 
17'.!1 ; cl. N.Y. City, Dec. 19, 1868. Ho came 
in 1802 to the U.S.'; was in 181 1 in tho employ 
of Jolin Jiu-ob Asior, but soon turnol his at- 
tention to the tuinistry, in which lie labored 
over 50 years. He was active in mission and 
reform work under the aiispicc-sof the Tract 
Society and the Bible Societies ; foumli'd the 
American Baptist Home-Mi-sion Society, and, 
in couni-ction with Kev. Mr. Griffiths, es- 
tabli>lied the tii-st Sunday school in America, 
upon the plan of Kolicrt Raikes, in Division 
St. He pub. some controversial pajicrs in tie- 
feneo of liis seel, edited a vol. of psalms and 
hvmns, and 3 vols, of the Bautist Library, 
aiid a Memoir of John Stanford, D.D., with 
selections Iroin his Corroi>ondence, 1835. 

Sonntag, Georue, adtniml in the Russian 
navi, b. Phila. 1786; d. Odessa, Russia, 23 
Mar. 1841. Son of Win. I.A'wis Sonntag, a 
Fr\-nih offii-cr, who came to the U.S. during tho 
Revol. war, and subsequently established a 
mercantile house in Pbila. George went to 
Russia in 1815; was in the allied array attho 
entry into Paris, and attained the grade of ad- 
minil, and of a gen. in the Russian army, by 
his talent, energy, anil intrepidity. 

Sothern, EHwakd Askew (•' Donclis 
Slewart '), b. Liverpool, Eng., Apr. 1. 18;tO. 
Made his lirst api«e.iranec in Jersey, Eng. ; be- 
came stage-manager for Charles Poole. Made 
his il^itd in Bo>ion at the National, as Dr. 
P.mgloss, Sept. 18.12 ; at Laura Kccne's Thea- 
in-, N.Y., May 12. 1858, and there made his 
great hit as bundrcarv, in " l)ur American 
Cousin," — a play rvniodc led by him. 



SOTT 



851 



SOXJ 



lie performcJ tliis character at the Ilnymaikct, 
Luiulon, (Voiii Nov. 11, 1861, tor 496 times; but 
was not successlul in it at Paris, where ho 
opened July 8, 1867. 

Soublette, C.vklos, Venezuelan states- 
man ; il. Caraeciis, 12 Feb. 1870, a. ab. 70. He 
distin^'. himself in the war for So. American 
independence ; hail been sec. of war, of state, 
of foreign affairs, and of finance. I'res. of 
Venezuela in 1842-6, and had been also am- 
bassador to Kiif.'., France, and Spain. 

Soule, C.\iu>LiNE A., b. Albany, N.Y., 
18^4. Author of " Memoir of Uev. H. B. Sonle, 
1S.">2 ; " Home-Life," 18.')4 ; " Tlie Pet of the 
Settlement," I860; " Wine or Water," 1862; 
edited the Hose-Bud 1854-5; co-editor of /,«• 
dies' Depositor!/ 1856-62; and contrib. to mags. 
and papers. 

Soule, Joshua, D.D., bi.shop of the M.E. 
Church south, b. Bristol, Me., Aug. 1, 1781; 
d. Nashville, Tenn., Mar. 6, 1867. Licensed 
to preach in 1798; ord. elder in 1802; upp. in 
1804 presiding elder of the Me. dist. ; and at 
the ;;en. conf at Baltimore, 1808, drew np the 
constitution of the plan then adopted for a del- 
egated gen. conf. In 1810 he was chosen book- 
agent, and editor of the Mflli May.; in 1820 
was elected to, but declined, the epi.<copatc; 
had charge of the N.Y. City station in 1821, 
and that of Baltimore in 1822-3; in 1824 he 
was re-elected and ord. bishop ; he was dele- 
gate to the British Wesl. Meth. Conf. in 1842, 
and afterward travelled extensively in the 
British islands and in France. On the division 
of the church, Bishop .Soule adhered to the 
southern portion, and changed his place of res- 
idence from Lebanon, O., to Nashville, Tenn. 
In 1853—4, he made an episcopal tour in Cal. 
Until forced by age and infirmity to retire from 
active business, he was " abundant in labors," 
scorning ease and self-indulgence. 

Soule (soo'-lil'), PiKRUK, lawyer and sena- 
tor, b. Castillon, in the Pyrenees, 1801; d. 
N. Orleans, 16 Mar. 1870. Son of a lieut.-gcn. 
in the Republican armies, who afterward filled 
the office of jud;;c, previously hereditary in the 
family. Destined lor the Church, he was sent 
in 1816 to the Jesuits' Coll. at Toulou.se, and 
completed his studies at Bordeaux. At the 
age of 15 he took part in a conspiracy against 
the Bourbons, and, the plot having hern dis- 
covered, he was obliged to conceal liimself, and 
for more than a year followed the occupation 
of a shepherd. Permitted to return, he went 
to Paris, and, in conjunction with Barihclemy 
and Mcry, established a paper advocating re- 

Iiublicanseniiments. Placed on trial for a 
)itter attack upon the ministry, his advocate 
Bjipealcd to the clemency of the court in be- 
half of the prisoner on the score of his youth. 
This line of defence did not suit Soule, who 
rose from his seat, and addressed the court, de- 
nying the criminality of his opinions and con- 
duct. His eloquence did not save him from 
St. Pelagic, whence he escaped to Eng. He af- 
terward came to Baltimore, and in the fall of 
1825 removed to N. Orleans. Having deter- 
mined to make the law his profession, he ap- 
plied himself assiduously to the study cf Eng., 
passed his examination lor the bar in that l.m- 
guagc, was adm., and soon rose to great emi- 



nence in the profession. In 1847 he was elect- 
ed a U.S. senator to fill a vacancy, and was re- 
elected in 1849 for years. He look cxueme 
Southern ground, and was a frequent partici- 
pant in the debates upon the coinproiriistf 
measures of 1850. In 1853 he was app. 
by I'res. Pierce minister to Spain He was 
sOon involved in a quarrel with M. Turgot, 
the French ambassador, whom he severely 
wounded in a duel. He lent his influence to 
the ruvol. outbreak of Aug. 1854 in Madrid, 
and was led, by his |)eculiar views on the sub- 
ject of the acquisition of Cuba by ilic U.S., 
to exceed instruciions, and to withhold a treaiy 
for reciprocity of trade between the U.S. and 
Cuba which had been concluded by our sec. 
of legation at Madrid during the temporary 
absence of the minister. He joined in the (>s- 
tend Conference in 1854, retunied to the U.S. 
in 1855, and is understood to have opposed the 
secession of La. In 1862 he was arrested in 
N. Orleans for disloyally to the govt., and con- 
fined SOUK." months in Fort Lalayctti, but was 
released otj condition th.it he would leave the 
country. He returned to N. Orleans a few 
moiiilis before bis death. 

Soulouque (soo-look'), Faustin, a Hay- 
tien general, and emperor under the title of 
Faustin I., b. in the southern part of St. Do- 
mingo in 1789; d. Jamaica, W.I., Aug. 6, lf*67. 
A slave by birth, he was freed by the decree 
of 1790; took part in the negro insiirrecti. u 
against the French in 1803; served as capt. 
under Boycr in 1820, as col. under Hcrard in 
1844, as brig.-tjeu. under Guerrier in 1845; 
and com. a division at the time of the death of 
Kiche' in 1846. While the generals Soullrau 
and Paul were disputing and plotting for the 
succession, the senate uncxpect dly elect"d 
Soulouque to the presidency, March 1, l.'i47. 
He belonged to the mulatto party ; but, jealous 
of their i)ower, he began to attach the blacks 
to his interest, and to pursue a system of ter- 
ror toward the citizen.^, who were decimated 
in 1848 by confiscations, proscriptions, and ex- 
ecution. He attempted, unsuccessfully, tn 
subjugate the republic of St. Domingo, l-i 
1849 he caused the restoration of the empiri , 
ostensibly by the will of the people; wascljo.; :i 
emperor "( Aug. 26) ; surrounded hiniaelf with a 
numerous court; and issued a constitution, re- 
serving to himself, however, the right at any 
juncture to rule as he j)leased. He w.is 
crowned with great pomp, Apr. 18, 1852, imi- 
tating on the occasion the ceremonial at the 
coronation of Napoleon I. In 1855, while re- 
peating his attempt to conquer St. Doiniii'.'o 
with 10,000 men, he was completely deteai. I 
by Santana. He was also defeated in the n xt 
campaign. A commercial crisis in 18.58 in- 
creased the general discontent , and tien. (Jel- 
frard, an enterprising mulatto, led a rebellion, 
and was recognized as pres. of the republic of 
Hayti by the clerk and officials. Soulouque 
took refuge, Jan. 15, 1859, on board a Briiisli 
frigate, and afterward resided in Jamaica. 

Southard, Sviiiei, fyEwis, LL.D. (U. of 
Pa. 1832), an eniiu'iit lawver and statesman, 
b. BiLsking Ridge, X. J., Juiu' 9, 1787; d. Fr d- 
ericksburg, Va., June 26, 1842. N.J. Coll. 
1804. Sou of Henry, Ucvol. soldier and M.C. 



SOIT 



852 



SPA. 



(ISOl 11 ami J8I5-2I),b. L.L(Xt. 174:, d.22 
Slav, 1842. Samiii'l taught itchool 18 luuntlu 
in his nativf State ; was tutor in tlic family of 
Hon. John Taliaferro of Va. until 1810; mh<1- 
iLil law, and was uilm. to pnictic • in that 
Stall- ; in 1811 h- lo-aicd hiiiis<'lf at Hpming- 
ton, .v.. I.; in 1814 was aJin. as counsi'llor-at- 
la« , and app. law-n jKirtiT l>y tlir li-isl. ; fn 
181. ^ W.1.S app. assoi'. justice of the Suii. Cuurt 
ofN.J.; U.S. senator, Jan. 22, lS21-Manh 4, 
1827 ; was app. see. U.S.X. in 1823 ; was also 
nctinz sec. ol tlu' treasury ilurini; 5 or 6 months 
of 1825 ; for a short p'rio;l ai-tttl as sw. of w.ir; 
in 1829 was app. atty.-^'cn. of X. J.; in 1>-'I2 
was (.-ov. of the State'; and a'jain U.S. senator 
ftx>Mi 18.X3 to his death, bit-oniin^ in 1841 pres. 
of that boily. In 18;}1 he wa.s elected a niein- 
l>erof the I'bilos. So<i 'ty. He is n-in'inl'erid 
in X.J. a.s the "favorite son" of that State. 
He pull. "Re|)orts Sup. Ct. of X. J.," 1816- 
20, 2 vols. 8vo, addresses, discourses, sinvches, 
&c. Samiel Lewis, his son, b. Irenton, 
1819, d. 1859. N.J. Coll. 18.36. P:-ot.-Kpis. 
dirine. Author of "The Mystery of Godli- 
ness," 8vo, 1848 ; " Pastoral I'^'tter to Calvarv 
rhurili, X.Y.," 1849; "Sennon on the Ueath 
of Il.nrv Clay," 1852. 

Soutbgate, Houatio, D.D., b. Portland, 
Me., 1812. Howd. Coll. 18.)2; And. Th.-ol. Seni. 
18.)5. Ord. Prot.-Kpis. Ch. 18.16; l.i>hoji of 
Constantinople 1844-50; ele«-te<l hishopol Cal. 
in 1850, Imt deelineil; reetor of St. Mark's, 
Portland, 1851-2; of the Ch. of th • Advent, 
Boston, 1852-8. Horatio his father, a lawyer 
of Portland (b. Scar^oroiifih, Me., 1781 ; n'yi.s- 
ter of pro'oatc for CuniU. Co. 1815-36), pub. in 
1 8.30 " The Probate .Manu:U." The son is the 
author of "Tour in Armenia, Kurdi-tan," 
&c., 1841, 2 vols. 8vo; "I'racti.al Uireetions 
for Lent," IS.IO; "Visit to the Church of 
Mesopotamia," &e., 12ino, 1844; 'The War 
in the East," 1855; "Paroehial Sermons," 
1859 ; also of some |)ainphlet8, and eontrilts. to 
|)eriodieaIs. 

SouthWick, SoLOMOS, editor and politi- 
cian, l>. K.I. al). 1774 ; d. AILany. X.Y.. Xov. 
IS. is;)9. He was lironsht up to' the trade of 
a baker; hut, after havin;i Ux'n a jounieynian- 
prinier in AHmny, al>out the tieginnin;: of the 
century he b-camc sole editor of the .l''«my 
/(Vr/Zii^ r, which under hi-t mana^em nt Ixvamc 
the le.adiiii; Kepub. or Demoi-. ]>a|>i-r in the 
State ; but Mr. Sonthwiek quarrelled with his 
parry, and alienated his frimds, ami the /.'••;''.<- 
r.rilied in 1S17. He aftenvards entered into 
numerous wild spi'^ulations, ami tinally Ixvam > 
Kitil.rupt. Thon;:h a fatalist in relipon, he 
ne^ riheless estalili-hed a n'li,L:ious tiapv r called 
t'le ' lirislinn Visitaiil, whieh, in addition to his 
poiirieal paper, he edit d with talent ; al'ai. lor 
a time, carryinj; on an a.Tieultnral pai«'reall d 
the I'Inufil/'nii, whii-h diiil Iroin want ol supjxirt. 
He nftenvard prejiarod an able course ol lei'- 
lun's in Ixdiolf of the temperunCi< cause, an- 
other upon bililical literature, and another 
u|«in sellk'ilucation, whieh he tlelivered exten- 
sive'v thron:;hout the State. 

Southwortb, Emm.v V. E. (Xevitte), 

noveii-t, h. Wa-shington, D.C., Y)<-v. 26, 181*. 
She was married in 1841, and in 1843 was 
obliged to resort to her pen for support, and 



made herrfe^urf as a writer in th- y<rt!un(tt Em, 
a ncwspajier of \Va<hin;.'ton, to whieh she be- 
came a n-'jular contrib. of t lies and sketehe* 
Her first luivrl. " lli'trilaiiion," written while 
engaged in school-t .achin;; in Washin;;lon, ap- 
wan-<l in 1849. She has since produced " The 
b'serted Wif-," Shannomlale," "ThcCnrsc 
of Clilton," " The I>»t II. in>>s," " The l)is- 
eanliil Daughter," and many others, whieh 
have attained i-onsiileral.le popularity. Her 
novels di>]ilBy strong dramatic jjower, and con- 
tain many excellent d-sriptive nassa.'i-s of 
the Southern life and «'en<Ty to which they arv 
chiefly devoted. In 1853 >he rniovid'to a 
channin;; villa on the Potoinae Heights, near 
(ieorgetown ; and h.as since liecn en^.'ujrid as a 
rejrii'.ar contributor to the .V. 1'. ht'ter. 

Southwortb, X.4Tii.\mel, miniatnn'- 
paint.r, b. Seituate, Ms., K«06; d. Dorelii«ter, 
Apr. 25, 185S. lie I'arly nnnifested talent in 
dr.iwin'.^, and, establishin:; hims-lf in Bo-ton, 
ranked as one of the bi>t in his depi. of the art. 
His likeni'sses werc diaraet riAe<l by a' curacy 
in drawin'' and gnat delicacy in exi'cuiiiei. 
After visi.in;; EiiroiH' in 1848, he practwd his 
profession in Xew \oik and Phi.adelphia. 

Sower, CliHisToriiER. printer and yn\>- 
lisher of Phi. a., b. fiennany ; d. Sept. 175<. 
He pub. in 1735 a tjuarteriy journal in tier- 
man, — the first of it« kind' in a fonij:n lan- 
jniage issued in Pa. ; establish' d the first iiTx-- 
fonndrj" and printers '-ink m inuf. in the coun- 
try ; and in 1743 printv-il a Oerman qnarto P.i- 
ble. He pos,se-scd ^.'reat influence anion;: his 
counlrj-nu'n, fri^iuently netin;,' a.s iheir npre- 
sentativc in their intercours- wih the p>vt. 
Alout 1744 he resisned hi- business to his >on 
CllRlSTopnER,b. Hessi'-Dnrmstadt, Germane, 
Sept. 26, 1721, d. An;;. 17.'»4. He emi'.'mt'd 
with his father to Pa in 1726, and conduetij 
by far the mast extensive l><>ok-manuf. then, 
and for many vears 8ul«e(iuently, established 
in America, rto is supposed to lie the invent- 
or of cast-iron stoves, and it is certain that 
he introiluced the use of them. He was not d 
for philanthropy, an.1 during the Rovol. dis- 
tributed flour and pota:oi« by the wafron-load 
among the destitute families of the militia in 
s rviee. He was sutiserpienilv k'lown as " f'as 
Bml-Vat.r,"— the 1 r ad-father. The Revol. 
broke up his establi-hnn nt ; and, taking' part 
with the lovali>'8, hLs e-tate was eontiseated. 

Spaigh't, I!icii*i!D P., piv. of X.C. t792- 
5 ; killeiTin a duel with John St.inley, Sep:. 5, 
1802. He eomineneed his Dcailemie srudies in 
Ireland, an<l eomplet d them at the I', of ( las- 
pow. He joinevl the Ara-r. nnny in 1778 as 
aide to Gen. Caswell, and was at the liattle of 
Camden in 1780. In 1781 h.- entered the house 
of commons of N.C. ; in 1 782-4 w.» a mem- 
h'r of the Cont. Con^n^**, also in 17 5-6; 
w as one of the delegates to Irnnie the U.S. Con- 
.stitution ; in 1792 he wa? nfrain elected to the 
liKal le-isl.; M.C. 1798-1701, after whieh he 
was elected to the State senate. 

Spaigbt, llictiMSD IloDDs, l.".w\-er and 
statesman, son of the precedin;:, b. Newlv m, 
X.C, 1796; d. there Xov 1850. U. of X.C. 
1S15. Memlierof the house in 1819; of the 
State senate in 1820-2 ; M.C. 1823-4 ; again 
a State senator in 1824-34 ; and in 1835-7 wan 



SPA 



853 



SFA. 



gov. of the State. Member of the State Coast. 
Convention in 1835. 

Spalding, Benedict Joseph, D.D., ad- 
miiH^IratorultlieK.C. diocese of Louisville, Ivy., 
1). MuiioTi Co., Ky., 1810; d. Louisville, Ky., 
Aug. 4, IStiS. Ilo studied at St. Mary's Cull, 
and at Bartlstown ; grad. at the Coll. of the 
Propajj'anda, Kome, in 1837; was made priest, 
and, returning home, taught for several months 
at the St. Tiiora;is Sem. ; and was afterward 
anient and Aonoim in St. Joscpli's Coll. In 
1840-2 he carried on, with Kev. John Hutch- 
ins, a seminary for boys in Breckinridge Co. 
Vice-pres. of "St. Joseph's Coll. in 1842-4; 
pastor of St. Joseph's, Bardstown, from Julv, 
1844, till 1849; and from 1849 till his death 
pastor of the Cathedral Church, Louisville, and 
vicar-gen. of the diocese. His property, which 
was considerable, was left for benevolent ob- 
jects. He was greatly beloved both by Catlio- 
fies and Protestants for liis blameless life, his 
generous liberality, and his self-sacriticing dis- 
po.-iiiim. 

Spalding, Lyman, M.D. (Dartm. 1798), 
physician and med. writer, b. Cornish, N.H., 
5 June, 1775 ; d. I'ortsra., N.H., 31 Oct. 1821. 
H. U. 1797. He studied under Dr. Nathan 
Smith, whom he aided in establishing the med. 
school at Dartm. Coll. ; delivered there the 
first course of chemical lectures; and began 
practice at l^rtsm. in 1799. He was a skilful 
anatomist ; became pres. of the Coll. of Phys. 
and Surgeons in Western N.Y. in 1812; and 
removed to N.Y. City in 1813. He planned 
the U.S. Pharmacopeia, and was one of the 
committee for its pub. in 1820 ; and was a mem- 
ber of many learned societies in America and 
Europe. He pub. " A New Nomenclature of 
Chemistry," 1799; " Inaug. Address," 1813; 
" History of Scutellaria ; " Reflections on 
Yellow-Fcver," 1819; and was a contrib. to 
many med. and pbilos. journals. 

Spalding, Marti.v John, D.D., R.C. 
archbishop of Baltimore, b. Marion Co., Ivy., 
ilay 23, 1810. Consec. bishop of Leugonc, 
Sept. 10, 1848 ; succeeded to the see of Louis- 
ville, Feb. 1 1, 1850; transl. to Baltimore, May 6, 
18G4. Educated at St. Mary's (near Lebanon, 
Ky.), at St. Joseph's (Bardstown, Ky.), and 
grad. at Rome, July, 1834. Author of " Mis- 
cellanies," Svo, 1855; "Early Catholic Mis- 
sions of Kv.," Svo, 1844; "Lectures on the 
Evidences of Catholicity," 1847 ; " Life of Ut. 
Rev. B. J. Flagct," 1852; "History of the 
Prot. Reformation," 2 vols. 1860. He e<lited 
the Abbe' Darras's " History of the Catholic 
Church," 4 vols. 8vo, 1865-6. D. Feb. 7, 1872. 

Spalding, RuFua Paine, lawyer, and 
M.C. 18ii3-9, b. West Tisbury, Ms., May 3, 
1798. Y. C. 1817. Ue removed with his par- 
cuts to Ct. when very young ; m. a dan. of 
Judge Zcph. Swift ; settled as a lawyer in 
Trumbull Co., 0., in 1821 ; was elected 'to the 
legisl. in 1839 ; re-elected in 1841, and chosen 
speaker; judge of the Ohio Sup Ct. from Feb. 
1 849 to Feb. 1 852 ; and afterwards practised 
law in Cleveland. 

Spalding, Solomon, author of the " Book 
of Afi.rmon,' b. Ashford, Ct., 1761 ; d. Amitv, 
Washington County, Pa., 1816. Dartm. Coll. 
17S5. He bad been a soldier iu the Rcvol. 



army ; became a licentiate of the Windham 
(Ct.) Cong. Assoc. Oct. 9, 1787 ; preached S oi 
10 years, when he was ord. an evangelist, but 
did'not settle, owing to ill-health. While raid- 
ing in Salem, Ohio, about 1812, he wrote a 
work of tietion suggested by the opening of a 
mound in which were di-eovered human bones, 
and some relics indicalive ol' a liiruuT eivilized 
race : he entitled it " Tlie .Manuscript Found." 
About 1814 he went to Pittsburg, Pa., wliere 
he was tbilowed by Sidney Rigdon, then a 
printer, and afterward a noted Mormon. He 
told his employer of Spalding's novel, who 
borrowed tlie manuscript, and oti'ered to print 
it. His widow returned to New York with it; 
but it was afterwards stolen from her. The 
uniform teslimony of those who read the work 
i.-, that the bisis, and in great part the form 
thereof, now constitute the Mormon Bible. — 
IJi.-^t. M.iii.. Aug. ISG'J ; AUimid U.C. 

Spangenberg, Auglstus Gottlieb, 
Ph. I). (Jena, 1726), a Moravian bisliop, b. 
Klettenberg, Germany, 15 July, 1704; d. near 
Hernhutt, 18 Sept. 1792. Tlie son of a cler- 
gyman. He aided in establishing near Jena 
free schools for poor children ; became in 1731 
a jirof. ill the U. of Halle, and assist, supt. of 
Francke's Ori)han House ; and, joining the ilo- 
ravians in I73'i, was a missionary to the W. 
Indies and North America in 1735-9. He es- 
tablished a colony in Ga., and received a grant of 
land, a part of which is within the present limits 
of Savannah. He ])reaelied to the Germans of 
Pa. ; and his report on the state of religion 
there induced his church to found the town of 
Bethlehem; made a bi-hop iu 1745. He was 
again in America in 1744-9, and a third time 
in 1751 -June, 1762. He made frequent journeys 
to the Indian country ; was adopted by the 
Oneidas, and was highly i-espccted by the In- 
dians. A large tract of land in Western N.C. 
was bought in 1752, and a pioneer church 
planted theie. During the French and Indian 
warof 1755-62, Bethlehem became the frontier 
])ost, and was stockaded and guarded by the 
Christian Indians, thus aftbrding protection to 
the country south of it. On the death of Zin- 
zenclorlf in 1760, he was called to the supreme 
council of the sect, and in 1764 app. supreme 
inspector in Upper Alsatia. Made in 1789 
])res. of the gen. directory. Author of " Biog- 
raphy of Zinzendorff," 1772-5, 8 vols. Svo, and 
" /(/'« i'lilii Friitriim," Svo, 1779. 

Sparks, Jahi;i>, LL.D. (H. U. 1843), his- 
torian, I). Williiigton, Ct., May 10, 1789; d. 
Cambridge, Ms., March 14, 1866. IIU. 1815. 
Tutor 1817-19 His youth was passed in agric 
and mechanical occupations. During his col- 
lege course he taught for a time a small private 
school at Havre de Grace, Md., and while there 
served in the militia called out to repel an an- 
ticipated attack by the British. He studied 
theology at Canib. ; and also became one of the 
conductors of the -V. ,1. /I'lr/cic, of which he 
was sole proprietor and editor in l82'i-.30. 
From May 5, 1819, until 1823, when his health 
became impaircil, he was a Unitarian minister 
in Baltimore. In 1821 he was elected chaplain 
to the house of representatives ; McLean prof, 
of history at II. U. in 1839-49; and pres. in 
1849-52; in 1857 he made a European tout 



8PK 



8.:4 



SPE 



with his family. anJ iiftorwarj n^idcil i:i Pani- 
l)iiil^'. lie pub. ill IS20 " Letters OH the Min- 
istry, Kitiml. niiU Doctrine of the I'rot.-Kji 
t'hi'irch ; " " t'liitariun Miseeihiiiy and Chris- 
tian .Monitor," 1821^']; •' Coin|iaraiive .Moral 
Tendi-ney of Trinitarian ami Liiitarian Doc- 
trines," is2'J; " Essays nnd Tracts on Tlieolo- 
(;y," 6 vols. 182ij; •'Life of John Ixilyaril," 
182S ; "The W'litings of George Washington, 
«i:h a Life," 12 vols. 8vo. 1834-7; "The 
Dijilonialie L'orresp of the Araer. Hevol.," 12 
vo.s. 8vo, ld2J-30; "The Life of Uoiiverneur 
Morris," 3 vols. 8vo. 1832; "The American 
Aiiu.iiiuc," 1830; " Library of Amer. liio^.," 
23 vols. 18ini(, 1834-8 and 1844-8; "The 
Works of llenjamin Fnmklin, with a Life," 10 
vol-. 8vo. 1840. His long ami important laliors 
ill illiHir.ition of American history were clositl 
in I8J4 by his " Corrcsji. of the Amer. Ucvol.," 
4 vols. 8vo, 1854. Uis historical writings 
evince thorough research, candid judgment, 
dispassionate criticism, and nccuracy'aiul sim- 
plicity of style. In 1852 he printed two pam- 
phlets in difenco of his mode of editing the 
Wrirings of Washington, in ri'ply to the stric- 
tures of Lord Mahon and others ; and a similar 
pamphlet in 1853, occasioned by a n'print of 
theciriginal letters from Washington to Joseph 
Rcvd. His " Washington " cost him 9 years 
of labor, including researches in 1828 in the ar- 
chives of IvOndon and Paris, then Oficncd for 
the lirst time for historiciU pur|)Oscs, and the 
personal examination of the Ucvol. papers in 
the public oHiccs of the original 13 States and 
the dcpt. at Washington, lie also si-cured the 
iiossession of all the Washington pa|i<is at Mt. 
Vernon. To his series of liiii;:rapliy he con- 
trib. Lives of Ethan Allen. Maniiuitc. Arnold, 
Dc La Salic, I'ulaski, Kibault, (.'harUs L»-e, 
and I.AHlvard. A Memoir of Sparks, bv G. E. 
Ellis. D.'D.. w;is pub I8G9. 

Spear, rn.vRi.ES. L'niversalist minister, b. 
Bosi..ii; d. Washington. D.C, 186.3. His la- 
bors ill behulf of prisoners were coii-^tant, visit- 
ing them, and, after their release, aiding them 
to obtain employment. Author of " Names 
and Titles of Christ," 16lh ed.. 1844; " Ess.iys 
on the I'niiishment of Death," 1844; "Plea 
for Discharged Convicts," 1844; " V'oiws 
from Prison," a selection of Poems. Edited 
the P,:s,mf,'s Friend 1849-54. 6 vols. Svo. 

Speeee, Conrad. D.D. (X.J. Coll. 1820), 
b. N. l..iiidon. Va., Not. 7, 1776; d. Staunton, 
V,i.. 1 lb. 15, lS.i6. Employed in farinlabor 
niiid Hi. Educated at Lilierty Hall, since known 
as Wash. Cidl. ; studied divinity, and was a 
Baptist preacher, ami a tutor in HainjxIenSid. 
Coll. Licensed bv the presbyterv of Hanover 
1801. He pul.lislied in llie /ff/)«?i/i>/iii Finmrr, 
wc«-kly. " llie Mountaineer," 181.3-16, a de- 
script, of men and things in Va., after the 
manner of the ■S/wc/n/or; a number of single 
sermons, 1810-32 ; and some |ioems. Pastor 
of the Augusta Church, Va., 1813-36. — 

Speed, Jamks. lawver, b. Jeff. Co.. Kv.. 
Marili II, 1812. St. Joseph Coll. Siudi'i-.! 
law at Transylv. U. ; iidm. to the b.ir. and 
practised at [..•■uisville from 183.1 ; menilHT of 
the huisl. in 1847; Srite senator 1861; CS. 
Bttv.-gen. Nov. 1864-July, 1866; resumed his 



profession ; delegate, and pa-s. of the Phila 
L.ivalisis' C<.nveniioii of 1866. 

Spelman, Hknkt, third son of Sir Henry 
the amiipiary. (.'nine to Va. in 1609. Author 
ut " Ueiiiiioii of Virginia." pub. l.,ond. 1861. 

Spence, Ki'Ui.kt Tkail, capi. I'.S.X., b. 
Piirisinouth, N. II.; d. near lialiiiiiorc. i6 
Sept. 1826. Midshipm. 15 Mav, ISOu; licui. 
17 Feb. 1807 ; com. 24 July, 1813 ; captain 23 
Feb. 1815. He served under Preble in the at- 
tack on Trii>oli, Julv-Sept. 1804. 

Spencer, AHniiosi:, LL.D. (ILU. 1821). 
poliiii Ian and jurist, l>. Salisburv, Cl., Dee. 
13, 1765; d. Lyons, N.Y., Mari-h 13, 1848. 
H.U. 1783. The son of a farmer and mechan- 
ic. Educated, together with his bro. rhilip, at 
Yale anil at Harvard. He studied law with 
John Canheld of Sharon, Ct., whose dau. he 
m. before he was 19, and settletl in Hudson, 
N.Y. Ill 1786 he was app. eleik of that city ; 
in 1793 he was elected a member of the As- 
semiily; in 1795 he was elected to the .senate 
for 3 years, and in 1798 was re-elected tor 4 
years. He was the author of a bill, wbii-h lie- 
came u law, meliorating the criminal lode, and 
nuihorixing the erection of a State prison near 
New York. It alioltshed the punishment of 
deaih in all cases but treason and murder, and 
substituted imprisonment and hard labor. In 
1796 be was app. assist, ally. -gen. ; atty.-gcn. 
in 1802-4; and in 1804 he receivod ilie app. 
ofa justice of the Supreme Court, of which ho 
was chief justice in 1819-23. Though a la- 
borious and eminent lawyer, Judge S|icncer 
never failed to take the most lively inierest in 
politics. He was the warm friend ol De Win 
Clinton, hut separated from him on the ques- 
tion of the war of 1812. In 1812 he was ac- 
tive in the struggle to prevent the chnrter of 
the si.x-niillion bank. Memlier of the State 
Const. Conv. in 1821 ; resumed for a while the 
practice of his profession at Albany ; and was 
subseqiienily employed in various pulilic du- 
ties, pariieularlv that of mavor of Albany; 
M.C. 1829-31.' In 1839 he 'renioTe<l to ilio 
village of Lyons. In 1844 he presideii at the 
Whig Nat. Convention, held at Baltimore. 
While in Congress, the difficulty wiih ilie 
Cherokee Indians enlisted in their behalf his 
wannest syinp<ithics. and he united with 
Wirt and other philanthropists in the vain 
eiidcrtviir to arrest the monstrous injustice of 
our governinenl. 

Spencer, Mrs. Bella Z., anthores.'i. b. 
London, Eiig., ab. 1840; d. Tuscaloosa. .Ma., 
I Aug. 1867. She came to the U.S. in hifan- 
cy ; m. Gen. Geo. E. Spt'iiecr in 1862. and 
was the author of "Tried and True," 1866; 
"Surface and Depth," 1867 ; " (.(m, the Lost 
Wife." 1864 ; and other works. 

Spencer, Eluhj. d.d. (U. of Pa. 1782), 

Prcshvt. pastor, b. E. H.iddaiu, Ct.. Feb. 12. 
1721 :'d. Trenton. Dec. 27. 1784. Y.C. 1746. 
Onl. Sept. 14. 1748. De-cended from Jarvd 
of Cninbridge. 16.14. who settled in Haihlam 
in 1660. Missionary to the Oncidas in 1748- 
9; pastor at Elizabetbtown. N. J.. Feb. 7. 
17.50-6; afterwards at St. (ieorge's. Del. ; and 
from Oct. 1769 at Trenton, N.J. Gen. Jo- 
seph was bis bro. A dau. m. Jonathan Dick- 
inson Sergeant. — ^prayue. 



855 



SPI 



Spencer, IciiABOD Smith, n.n. (Ilim. 
Toll. 1^41). I'lTsb. mini>ter, b. RuinTl, Vt., 
Ki-h. 2:!, ITBS; d. Biouklyn, N.Y., Nov. 2% 
1SJ4. Union Coll. 1S22. DesciMuUd from 
'I'lios., a Hrst senior of llartfonl, who d. 1GS7. 
Ilu studioil at Sideni Acad.. N.Y., nnd taii^'lit 
►cliool ai SiluMR'ctadv ami CananduiL'ua. Set- 
tled at Nunliiimptoii, Sept. II, 1828, as c-ol- 
leaj;ue witli Mr. Williams; disni. March 12, 
IS-'!-', and was pastor of the Second Church, 
Hrouklvn, nniil his death. Besides occas. .ser- 
mins, he piib.islied two vols, of "Pastoral 
Sketches." His sermons, with Memoir, were 
I.nb. bv J. M. Sherwood, 2 vols. 18.-..5; his 
Siicranicntal Di»cuur>cs by (Jardiner Sjirin^, 
lyfii ; " Kvidcnces of Divine Revelation," 18G5. 

— .iprnij'if. 

Spencer, Jesse Ames, D.D. (Col. Coll. 
I8.">2), cler-vnian and author, b. Hvde Park, 
X.V., .Iune"'l7, 1816. Col. Coll. 18.37. He- 
inovinf; to N.V. City in 1825, he was several 
years assist, to his father as city surveyor. lie 
studied theology in the Gen. Seni. of the Kpis. 
Chorch; was ord. deacon In July, 1840, and 
jiriest in 1841. After 2 years' tnini.-teri.d la- 
l)orat twishen, X A'., he \vas comiielled by ill- 
health to make a trip to Europe, and on his 
return cnsajrcd in cdnciitioual and literary oc- 
cupations. In 1 848-9 he travelled in Euro))C, 
Ef;ypt, and the Holy Land; and in 18.50 was 
npp. prof, of Latin and Oriental langnajres in 
Burlniylon Coll., N.J. He became editor and 
sec. of the Epis. Snnday-sehool Union and 
Church Book Society in" Nov. 18.')1, but re- 
signed in 1857; in 1858 was elected viee-pres. 
ot the Trov U., but declined; prof of Greek 
in the Coll.'of N.Y. Citv since Oct. 1869. He 
has pub. a vol. of " Discourses," 184.3 ; " His- 
tory of the En;;li5h Reformation," 1846 ; " The 
New Testament in Greek, with Notes," 1847; 
" Cse^ar's Commentaries," 1848; " E;.'ypt and 
the Holy Land " 1849; and a " History of the 
U.S.," 4 vols. 8vo, 1858. He has also edited 
a valuable series of classical books by T. K. 
Arnold. 

Spencer, Jons Canfield, LL.D., hiwver 
and politician, b. Hudson, N.Y., Jan. 8, 1788; 
d. Albany, N. Y., May 18, 1855. Un. Coll. 
1806. Son of Chief Justice Ambro.se. In 
1809 he m., and opened a aw-ofiice in Canan- 
daigua, whence in 1845 he removed to Albany. 
Bccomin-j at the age of 19 private sec. to Gov. 
Tompkins, from that time until his last illness 
he was prondncnt in public affairs. In 1811 
be was made master in chancery ; in 1813 
brifiadc jiulge-advocate in active service on 
the frontier; in I8I4 postmaster of Canan- 
daigua; in 1815 assistant atty.-;.'en. for the 
western )iart of the Stale ; and was ILC. from 
1817 to 1819. While there, as one of the coin, 
to examine into the afliiirs of the U.S. Bank, 
he diew up its report. When, 15 years after- 
wards, the final strugc'e came, and Gen. Jack- 
son was usinff the means furnished to his hand 
by this report, Mr. Spencer was found nmon^ 
the friends of the bank. In 1819-20 he was a 
mendKr of the As>end>ly, and was sjicakcr in 
1820; Stale senator in 1824-8; in 1827 he was 
app. by Gov. Clinton oneofthe board 10 revise 
the statutes of New York, and took an imnor- 
tuntpart in the performance of that laborious 



and responsible task. Joinini,'tlieanti-Ma-onic 
party, he was app. special atry.-^ren. under the 
law passed for that purpose, to prosecute those 
connected with the alle;,'ed rliduetion of Mor- 
gan, but resi;,'ned in M.iy, 18-30, havinu', mean- 
while, involved himself in a coniroversy with 
Gov. Throop. In 18.32 he was a;jain elected to 
the As.sembly ; in 1839-41 he was .sec. of state, 
and supt. of common schools ; in Oct. 1841 he 
was made sec. of war by Prcs. Tyler; and in 
March, 1843, was transferred 10 the treasury 
dept., but resigned in 1844 from his opposition 
to the annexation of Te.xa-^, and aflerwanl de- 
voted himself t-, the piaciice of his profession. 
The orj^anizaiion of the Slate asyhini foridiots, 
and the improvement of the coinnion->cliool 
system of the State, were, to a very c^lIl^illeral.le 
extent, due to him. He edited the first Amer- 
ican eilition of Dc Torqueville's " Democracy 
in America," with an original preface and 
notes. 

Spencer, Gen. Joseph, h. East Haddam, 
Ct., 1714; d. there Jan. 13, 1789. Jud^'C of 
]iri)batc in 1753; joined the Ncu'ihern army in 
1758 as major under Col. Whiiiii;;, and as 
lieut.-col. in the two followinj,' campaiLrns, when 
he acquired the re]intaiion of a brave and 
good oliicer. Elected a member of the council 
in 1760, and was app. bri;^.-(,'en. in the Cont. 
army, June 22, 1775; m;y.-t;cn. Aug. 9, 1776. 
Ue was with the army in the cxpcd. a;iainst 
R.I. in 1778, and assisted in Sullivan's retreat; 
and resigned 14 June, 1778, in consequence of 
an order by Congress to inq;iire into the 
reasons of the failure on his part to carry out 
the [dan of an cxpcd. against the British in 
U.I. the ))reccding year. In 1779 he was <-lcct- 
cd to Congress, and in 1780 was again eleited 
into the council, and was annually reelected 
uniil his death. He was highly esteemed by 
Wnsliington. 

Spencer, Platt R., teacher atid author 
of the " S|)enceriau " system of penmanship, b. 
Greene Co., N. Y., 1801; d. Geneva, ()., 16 
May. 1864. 

Spencer, Thomas, M. I)., founder and 
prof, of the .Medical CoW. at Cienev.i. N.Y., li. 
Great Barrington, Ms., 1793; d. Phila. May 
30, 1857. He was a surgeon in the army dur- 
ing the Mexican war, and was afterward pioC. 
in a ined. coll. in Chicago and in Phila. lie 
had been pres. of the N.Y. Medical Assoc., and 
was the author of " Chemistry of Animal 
Life," 1845 ; "Epidemic Diarihu;a,"8vo, 1832; 
"Iniroductorv Lecture at Geneva College," 
1842. — &e 'Memoir by S. O. Willard, M.l>., 
8vo. 1 858. 

Spencer, William A., caj>t. LT.S.N., h. 
N.\ 179.1 ; d. N. Y. Citv, 3 Mar. 1851. S,.ii 
ofJudgeAmbro.se. Mid'shipm. 15 Nov. ISO'); 
lieut. 9 Dec. 1814 ; com. 3 Mar. 1831 ; cai.t 22 
Jan. 1841 ; resigned 9 Dec. 1843. Acting lieiii. 
in .Maedonough's victorv on Lake Champlain 
11 Sept. 1812. 

Spinner, Francis E., U. S. treas. since 
1861, b. German Klats, Herk. Co., N.Y.,2I Jan. 
1802. Educated by his father, a German cler- 
gyman. 20 years the exec, officer of the Mc. 
hawk-valley fjank ; major-gen. of militia ; co. 
shcrifT; auditor in the naval ofliee. New York, 
1845-9; 'M.C. 1855-61. 



8.36 



Spofibrd, Harriet Elizabeth (Prks- 
cott), imilior. b. Calui*. Mc, 3 A|>iil, IC35. 
Dnii. of J>iM-|>li \V. I'rescott ; married in 1865 to 
R. S. Sjioflopl, juii., of Nc>vburvi)ort, Ms. Slio 
has pril). "Sir liohiin'!* Ghost, 12rao, 1859; 
"The Ainbtr Go.ls, nnd Other Storiis." 1853; 
" Azuriiin." an cpisoilc, 18G4. Contributed lo 
Ailiuitic ilmllilij, N. A liei-iew, Our Youiiy 
f'Ms, ffdr/irr's and KnicherliocJier Magozinet, 
the tiiiltiTi/, &c. 

Spooner, Alden Jekkmiah, editor Brook- 
li/ii ik'd;-, aril! 20 years contrib. to the Knirker- 
Uii'Lfr and ViJmiiii'f .Uonllilii Mwjs., b. Sa;^ Har- 
bor, I..I.. 2 Krb. ISIO. ICditor. with notes and 
mi'tnu.r, (I. Fnrman's " llistorv of Brooklyn," 
mid also Wood's " Hist, of Loiig Island," with 
Mt'Hioir of Wood, nnd adilitions. 

Spooner, Lvsaxder, b. I'eterslmm, Ms., 
1808. Auihor of "The Deist's Ke|ily," &c., 
8vo, 18.'ltt ; " Creilit, t^irrcniy, and Baiikii!'.;," 
1843 ; " UnconsiitntioiiHiity of pruhiiiitin'.; Pri- 
viitc Mails;" "Uin'ODstittiiioiiality of SUive- 
rv," 1845 ; " Poveriv, Causes and Cure," 
1846 ; " A Oefence for Fn^-iiivc Slaves," 1856; 
"Trial liv Jury." 1852; "New System of 
Paper Currcnev," 1861 ; "Considerations on 
U.S. Bonds,"" 1866; "No '^rea^on," 1867. 
He is a vi;;orous and perspieuous writer. — 
Ail'JxHte. 

Spooner, Siikar.tashub, M.D. (Co!1. of 
Pli. and Si;r;r. 1835), b. Brandon, Vt., 1803; 
il. Piaintield, X.J , March, 1859. Midd. Coll. 
1830. He praeiised dentistry with success in 
New York until 1858, when he removed to 
Plaintielil, N.J. Author of " Guide lo Sound 
Teeth," 1836 ; " Artof Manuf Mineral Teeth," 
1837; "Treatise ou Dentistry," 8vo, 1838; 
" Anecdotes of Painters," &e., 3 vols. 1853 ; 
" Dieiionarvof Painters, Sculptors, Engravers," 
&r., 2 voN.'Sv.). 1865. — ^l////.ow. 

SpotSWOOd, CoL. Alexander, (;ov. of 
Va. 1710-23, b. Tan;:ier, Africa, 1676; d. An- 
napolis, M.I., 7 June. 1740. Ba>d lo the army, 
lie scrveil under M irllmrough ; was ilan^cr- 
ously wounded at Bkiiheim. and Iwcame dep. 
quarterm -;.'en. ; he wjis app. postmaster in 
1730, and in 17.39 com. of ihe forces intcml- 
ed to operate a.!;ain>t Kla. He was the author 
of an act iiniirovini; the staple of tobacco, 
and making ndiaoro-notcs the medium of 
ordinary eiivulalion ; was the father of the 
iron manuf. in Va. ; was the first to explore 
the Appaliuliian Mountains ; exerted himself 
to befriend Wm. and Mary Coll. ; and was 
zealous in elTorts to Christianize the Indians. 
His son HouERT was killed by Indians in 1757. 
A );rauiIson, Col. Alex., a distin^. Revol. 
officer, app. mnj. 2d Va. Kci:t. 13 Feb. 1776, 
m. Eliza, niece of Gen. Washington, d. Xot- 
liu'.'liani, Va., 20 Dec. 1818. Joiis, bro. of 
the last, ul.so a Kevol. officer, was severely 
W(Mind('il at the buttle of Germnntown. 

Spoils, J\ME8 H.. oapt. U.S.N., b. N.C. 
Manh II, 1821. Midshipm. An^'. 2, 1837; 
li'.iit. Nov. 21, 1851 ; com. July 16, 1?62; enpt. 
July 25, 1866. Com. steamer " Ma;:nolia," 
E. tjulf blivk. squad., 1862; f rcnmer " .Souih 
Carolina," S..\. biiafc. squad , 186.')-4 ; slcanur 
"Powhatan," N.A. block. s<juad.. 1 864-.^ ; in 
boili en;.'ai;craents with Fort Fi«lier. Nov. 
1864 and J.in. 1865; in the engagement with 



Fort Anderson and in the Cnpe-Fear River 
Feb. 1865; al-o at the ImmbarU. of batli'ries 
above Dutch Gap Junes liiver, Apr. 1865; 
com. "(Juerrifcre." I '<70. — //.;«irr»/y. 

Sprague, Charles, i«ct, b. Boston, Oct. 
26, 1791. Son of Sainu ■], oni' of the- fiinous 
tea-pany. At the a^^-c of t.n he unfortun.-Ucly 
lo.^t the visio!! of his left eye. He in;;a,'ed in 
mercantile business until 1820, wlrn he l)0- 
canic a toller in the State B.ink, and on the 
establishment of the (Jlobc Bank (in 1-25) was 
chosen cashier, a station he oc-upied until I ''05. 
He has si.\ times received the prizi> for the Ust 
poems for the Anieriean sta;?', Kioiiiin'.: known 
as a poet by liein^' in 1^21 the successful com- 
petitor for the prize olV.red for the bst prol- 
ogue at the opiiiug of the Park Tlnatre, 
N\Y. In 1823 he wrote the prize o<le for the 
pageant in honor of Shak~p<'are at the Boston 
Theatre; in 1:^30 he primouncvd an oJe at 
the centennial celebration of the scttltuient of 
Boston ; in 18J7 he delivered an addn-ss on 
intemiH'rance ; and at the commenectuent at 
Harvard, 1 !*29, d<livere<l b-l'orc the Phi B^ta 
ICiipjia Society thr* in^'enioiis |x>ein " Curio.s- 
ity.' Hj w.is of the city (ouncil in 182*, '24, 
and '27, and deliverid the city ora'.ion July 4, 
1825. Anion;,' his lust pi cos are tU,' "Ode on 
Sh.ikspeaiv," and the " Win'.'ed Wor-hipjK rs." 
An edition of his po'iiis and prose v.ri iujr* 
appeand in 1855, 8vo. A son, Charles 
James, has al^j written verses in a delicate 
vein of semim -nt. 

Sprague, John T., col. U.S.A., b. New- 
buryiKirt, Ms., 1812. App. lieut. U.S. marines 
17 Oct. 1834; scn-ed against the Cr ck and 
Seminole Indians; adj. Nov. l;*43-6; brv. 
capt. 15 JLir. 1842 for -rood conduct in Fla. 
w.ir; cant. Sept. 1846; maj. 1st Inf. 14 SLiv, 
1861 ; chief of staff to Gen. Pope; adj.-.' n. of 
N.Y. 1S6I-5; licut.-col. llth Inf. Mir. 1^63; 
col. 7th Inf. 12 June, 1865; and retir d 15 July, 
1870. Author of a "llistorv of the Florida 
War," 8vo, 1 "48. 

Sprague, Peleo, LT,.D. (H.U. 1S47), 
jurist, li. Diixbury, Ms., Apr. 2", 1793. II. U. 
l.'*12. Litchf. L.Vw Sehool. William hLs an- 
cestor is supposed to have come over with l{ev. 
Mr. Iligr.'inson to Salem in 1629, and si'tiKd 
at llin.diam. Adm. to the Plyiiouth-Co. bar 
in Au^r. 1815; pr.ictisod 2 ycirs in Au;rusta, 
M'., and then scttle<i in Ilallowell, wh'Tc he 
speodilv aeq.iiri'd distinction. Menibi'r of the 
Me. Icgisl. 1S20-1; M.C. ls25-9; U.S. .senator 
1S29-35; U.S. iUl. ju.lge of Ms. 1S41-65. 
Jud)^ Spra;rue niiiove.1 to Boston i;i 1S35. 
Author of •' S|>etvlies and Ad Insses," Svo, 
l^SS; " Di-dsion.s," 1841-01, inlited bv F. E. 
Parker, 8vo, 1861 ; vol. ii. 1854-64, »\'o, 186S. 
— ir/V//s'« fAiin/frsof.Me. 

Sprague, William, gor. of R.I. IM'^9, 
b. Cranston, IM., ISOO; d. Providence, Oct. 
19, |s51. When quite youn;r, he w.xs e'ectcd 
to the ftneral Assembly, and in 1-32 was 
chosen >[)oaker of the house ; M.C. in 1 ' SO-" ; 
U.S. senator 1842-5; and aftenv.irLs i-irmbcr 
of the A.sseinbly of his Stat'. He wa-s cn^.'.ii.'ed 
larirely in the iiia'iuf. of cotton, nnd w;ia iires. 
of the H.'irtford, Providence, and FishHII Rnil- 
nwul, of the Globe Bonk, and of the People's 
Savings Bank 



SPR 



SPR 



ypra'jue, William, gov. of R.I. in 1860- 
3, b. Craiii'nn, R.I., S'-pt. 12, 1830. Nephew 
ol'tlio prrc'ilin;^. Aniii-a, his father, was mur- 
d.Ti'il al C'ruifton, R.I., al). Jan. 1844. lie 
h.is lieeii rii^a;;od from Iioyhood in the calico 
])' iul-woi-ks Ibuuded hy his grandfather Wil- 
liam, alter wliosc de.ath they were carried on by 
his lather and unele, and in which he became 
partner. In Feb. 1-61 he oll'ered to the Prcs. 
1,000 men and a battery of artillery, and, as 
soon as the call for troops was made, hastened 
with them to the Held. Tlie coninn"»s. of brig.- 
gen. of vols, was olVered him ; but he refused 
It. He fought with the R.I. troops at Bull 
Run, where his horse was shot under him, and 
in several en;;agements of the Chickahominy 
campaign, thosen U.S. senator for 6 years 
from Mar. 4, 1863, and re-elected for the fol- 
lowing term. 

Sprague, William Buell, D.D. (Col. 
Coll. 182'), clergyman and author, b. An- 
dover, Ct, Oct. 16, 1795. Y.C. 1815. Priiicet. 
Theo!. Sem. 1819. Private tutor in the family 
of Maj. Lawrence Lewis of Va. one year ; was 
colleague pastor, \vii;h Rev. Joseph Lalhrop, of 
the First Cong. Church, West Sjiringfield, Ms., 
1819-i9; and has, since Aug. 26, 1829, been 

?astor of the Second Presb. Church at Albanv. 
le visited Europe in_1828 and 1836. His writ- 
ings are, '■ Several Discourses on Special Occa- 
sions," 1821 ; " Letters to a Daughter," 1822; 
" Letters from Europe," 1 S2S ; " Life of E. D. 
Griffia," 183S; "Life of Timothy Dwight," 
in Sparks's "Amer. Biog.," 1845; "Lec- 
tun 3 ou Rcnvals of Religion," 1 832 ; "Hints 
on Christian Intercourse," 1 834 ; " Contrast be- 
tween True and False Religion," 1837; "Aids 
to Early Religion," 1 847 ; " Words to a Young 
Man's Conscience," 1 S4S ; " Visits to Euro- 
pean Celebrities," 1855 ; "Annals of the Amer. 
Pulpit," 9 vols. 8vo, 1857-66; "Lectures to 
Young People," 1825; " Letters to Young 
M-n," 1854; "Women of the Bible," 8vo, 
1830; "Memoirs of Rev. John and W. A. 
McDowell, D.D.," 1864; and was a contrib. 
to Ajijjl Inn's Xew Aiiifr. Cyclop. He has also 
wiltti'n namiTous introductions to biog. and 
other worlis, and is the author of more than 
100 pamphlets. Among these are "Funeral 
Sermon on Dr. Joseph Lathrop," 1821 ; " Hist. 
Discourse at West Springfield," 1824 "Fourth- 
of-July Discourse at Northampton," 1827; 
"A Sermon at Albany in behalf of the Polish 
Exiles," 1834; "Oration Commemorative of 
Lafayette, at Albany," 1834; "Phi BeU 
Kappa Address" at Yale, 1843; "Address 
Before the Philomathesian Society of Middle- 
bury Coll.," 1844; "Hist. Discourse on the 
Secouil Presb. Church of Albany," 1846; "Dis- 
courses on Dr. Chalmers and Silas Wright," 
1847; "Ambrose Spencer," 1848; and on 
" S.tmnel .MillcT of Princeton," 1850. He has 
one of the largi'st collections of autographs in 
Ann rica. — I ii{,/rl,iiirl.-. 

Spring, Gaui)1xi;r, D.D. (Hum. 1819), 
LL.U. ( Lai. Coll. 1853), author and clergyman, 
b. Newburyport, Ms., Feb. 24, 1785. Y.C. 
1805. Son of Rev. Samuel. He studied law 
witii Judge Daggett nt New Haven ; taught 
seliDOl 15 months in Bermuda; was adm. to 
the bar in December, 1808, and commenced 



practice ; but was induced soon after to study 
theology. After stuilying nt Andover, he was 
licensed toward the end of 181)9. and Aug. 10, 
1810, was called to the Brick Church in "n.Y. 
City, where he has since remaincil, unmoved 
by invitations to preside at Hamilton and Dart- 
mouth Colleges, maintaining for over half a 
century a position as one of the most popular 
preachers and esteemed divines of the city. 
His works include " The Attraction of the 
Cross," 1845; "The Mercv - Seat," 1849; 
" First Things," 1851 ; " The"Glorv ol Christ," 
1852; "The Power of the Pulpit," 1848; 
" Short Sermons for the People ; " " The 
Obligations of the World to the Bible," 1844; 
" Miscellanies," including" Es.says on the Dis- 
tinguishing Traits of Christian Character," 
1813; "The Church in the Wil.lcrness ; " 
" Memoirs of the Late Hannah L. Murrav," 
1849 ; " Memoirs of Rev. S. J. Mills," 1820 ; 
" Fragments from the Study of a Pastor," 
1838 ; " The Bible not of Man," 1847 ; " Dis- 
courses to Seamen," 1847 ; " Contrast between 
Good and Bad Men," 2 vols. 1853; "Brick- 
Church Memorial," 1861; "Pulpit Ministra- 
tions," 2 vols. 8vo, 1864; and " Per.<onal 
Retain iseence.s," 2 vols. 8vo, 1866. His works 
are pub. 10 vols. 8vo, 1955. — Duci/kiiiclc. 

Spring, Marshall. M.D., phvsician, b. 
Wateriown, .Ms., Feb. 19, 1742 ; d. "there Jan. 
11,1818. H.U. 1762. He studied under his 
maternal uncle. Dr. Josiah Converse, and, after 
a short residence at St. Eustatia, settled in 
Watertown, where he soon accjuired a large 
practice. Though differing in poliiical sen- 
timent from his neighbors, he was early on the 
ground at Lexington, skilfully attending the 
wounded. In 1789 he was a member of 
the State conv. which adopted the U.S. Con- 
stitution, which he oppo.sed, never having be- 
lieved in the capacity of the peojjle for self- 
govt. ; several years a Democ. member of the 
exec, council. He was remarkable for wit and 
repartee. — T/mcher. 

Spring, Samuel, D.D. (Wins. Coll. 1806), 
eler^vman, b. Northbridge, Ms., Feb. 27, 1746; 
d. Newburyport, Mar. 4, 1819. N.J. Coll. 
1771. Having been licensed to preach, he in 
1775 became a chaplain in the army, and ac- 
eomp. Arnold's exped. to Canada. At the 
close of 1776 he left the army, and (Aug. 6, 
1777) was ord. pastor of a church in Newbury- 
port, where he continued till his death. He 
was a man of great influence, and weight of 
character ; was active as a leader of the Hop- 
kinsian partv, and also in the organization of 
the A. B. C! F. M. ; he also aided in founding 
the Ms. Missionary Society in 1799, of which 
he was pres. Besides some controversial works, 
he pub. some 25 miscellaneous discmir-es. By 
his wife, dau. of Dr. Hopkins of llailley, he 
had two sons, ministers in N.Y. and llartlbid. 

Sproat, Col. EuE.VEzuit, Rcvol. (. dicer, b. 
Middleborouu'h,Ms.,1752; d. Marietta. O., Feb. 
1803. Entcringtbc army acapt. early in 1775, 
he was successively major atitl licut.-col., and 
finally licut.-col. comg. 2d .Ms. Ilegt. He was 
in Glover's brigade at Trenton, Princeton, and 
Monmouth, and app. insp. of brigade by 
Steuben. After the war, he was a surveyor in 
Providence, R.I., where ho m. a dau. of Com 



sptr 



858 



8XA. 



Whipplo. lie hf;nin a survcv of Oliio lanji 
ia ITSti : lol the puny of emurraiiis who set- 
tleil Miinolla in I'SiS ; and was 1 1 yoan ^he^ltf, 
ai»l rol. ol inililia. He was tall aii>l coiiiiuaiiit- 
int; in (MTson. and vras hv the Indians railed 
••the Bi- llnckiyc." — //.V,/n<A. 

Spunheim', Joux Uaspard, Ml)., 

phrvni>li>;;isl, b. Lonjiwich, l*ni4sia. 31 Dec. 
1776: d. Doston, 10 Nov. I»3i. K.UK-alo<l a( 
the U. of Trivvs. In 1799 he studied ninlieine 
at Vienna ; as.siste<l Gall, the originator of the 
science of phrenology, in investi^^ulinj; the 
anatomy of the brain, and aocoinp. him to 
Paris, lei-inrin^ and teaching; until 1913. 
Spunheim then visited lireat Britain, where 
for luiinr years ho taught and explainol his 
theories in various cities. Arrivinj; in N.V. in 
Aug- IS-'Ji. he ppoci-eiled to Bivston, where he 
was enthusiastically received, and drew to his 
lectures larjc and intelligent andieni-cs, but 
soon sunk under his labors, and was bn^il^I at 
Mount Auburn. He assisted Gall in prepar- 
in); his (treat work on the " Anatomy and 
Phvsiolo',:y of the Xer»-ous System in General, 
am) of the Brain in Particular; " and was the 
author of " Physioj^omy in Connection with 
Phrvnoloi;v." l"S33; " Oliservations on In- 
sanity."" I'hrenoloiiy ot Divtrineof the Mind," 
" Ski'tch of the Natural Laws of Man," atid 
" Anatomy of the Brain." lS3H-a ; " View of 
the Klem. Principles of Kducaiioo," limo, 
1S32. 

Squier, EfitRAiM Gborok. archa;«>Ioinst, 
b. IkihUhem. N.Y., June 17, 1821. A..M. of 
N. ,1, l\.ll. 1S4S. Son of a Melh. minister of 
N.V., and ;:nuulsim of a Uevol. soldk-r, who d. 
1842. a. 97. In his youth he workixl on a 
farm in summer, and taught school iu winter, 
lie next pub. a villap- ucwspjiper : studied 
civil en^inecrins; and in 1841-3 contributed 
to, and virtually editwl, the A'. 1'. SiiUr .l/r- 
rA<iNi> at Alkuiv; pub. also a ^"01. on tlie 
Chinese in 1843; m 1843-5 ho edited the 
lliii-iponi llkulif Jo'u-nal, and was efficient in 
or^niiin^ the Whis: party of Ct. : in 1845-8 
he e^litl^^ the .:>cA><o (iazfiie at Chillicwthe : and 
was clerk of the ks.:isl. in 1847-8. In conjunc- 
tion with Dr. l>;ivis of l>hio, he commenced a 
systematic investi^'ation of the aboriginal 
inonumcnts of the Mpi. Valley, the tv>ults of 
which he emlKidied m a Memoir in the lir^t 
toI. of Smitli-onian " Contribs. to KiiowKM^-." 
At the rwiucst of Allx-rt Gallatin, lie prepared 
• " Meuti'ir on the Ancient Monuments of tho 
West," pub. in the Tnuis. of the Kthnolo-,Hcal 
Sc'iety. I'nder the auspii-es of the N.V. 
Hi.st. "S<x-iety. he pub. in 1849 •' AN>ri::in!U 
Monuments of the State of N.Y. from Ori|;inal 
Sunvys and Explorations." Ap|>. in 1848 
tjktnj^ (f.irfliiirs to the republics i>f rentral 
Aiueric*. he ne-.;v>tiuted treaties with Xicani;.n>a, 
Honduras, and San Salvador. In 185t he 
apkin visiteil Central America M investijrale 
the line of an inler-oc»-aiiic railway, the resnit 
of which is pub. iu his Kc|iort of the Honduras 
Intert Kvanic Uailway Co.. of which he was sec. 
In a secoiul visit to Eurxipe he s«vur^^l the co- 
operation of Fr»nch and V'nirlish capitalists. 
and s(>ivial iruaranties for the r\)a>l frxuu those 
covts. His exiilonuions and obser>-ations are 
wund iu his " Aicanipia, in PMple, Scenery-, 



and Monuments." 3 ^'oIs. 1952; "Notes on 
Central Aiuericii," ic, 1854; " Waikua, or 
.\dviuture» on the Mostpiito Shorv," 1855; 
••(Jirs(,oi A'lgjAmfiii-iuitr." ic., Paris, 1856; 
" The Stales of Central America. ' 1857 ; 
" Mimo^ntph of Authors who have written ou 
the Abori;,'inal Luii;;uai;cs of Central .Viucr.," 
IStil ; and " Trupical ^"ibrv^s, aiid their Kco- 
nomic E.xtruction " He h;i» rvwivcd the iiu'd- 
al of the licio^. Society of Fr.mcv, and is • 
member of various scieiititic aud liicnuy socie- 
ties. He has also pub. " The Serpent Svid- 
bol." 1851 : a |>a|>i-r in the Kthnjlo/K-:U 
Society's Collections im the remains at Stone- 
hcii::c, examiui-d darin,' a vi-it to Europe in 
1852; •■ Il.>n ttir.is .\:\>i Sn Silvailor, t!ev>- 
prapli: . I '2 vols. ; 

and ' i 1 ventures. 

oK-eii . _ .1 Vi'.ir of 

active e\i', 'r.iu.iii- in iii ■ m.kc* .m .Nioara'^iia, 
Hondiints, and San Salvador, with uumt-ruus 
illiistratiuns. He has also l>een an industrious 
contrib. to the |>eriwlii'al. ue4rs|>a|KT. and 
scieiititic literaiurx- of tin- day, ou t.Vntral- 
Amcris~a [lolilics and antii|uiiies. aud etiinolo-jy 
of the abori:;iues. {alitor of Frank L(Cs!i,.''s pub- 
lications. L'.S.eoiumiss. to Peru ISfrl— ». Urst 
pres. .\nthr«(>oloj;ic.il Institute of NY. 1871. 

Stahel, Gev. .U'Liis, b. Hun;:ary 1825. 
Entering the tuilitary s^•r^■icv> of Au.slria. he 
i\>se fn>m tlw ranks to Ix' 1st lieut ; but es- 
ponseJ the Ilun^ariati cause, and scrvol throu::h 
the war ou the staffs of (nw^-v and Guvon. 
When Austria triuini>hi.xl. heemi.;ratcd to (.Jcr* 
ninny, thence to En^., and tinallv to N. Y. 
City, where he becauH' a jonrB:ilLst. and in 
1859 established tlK- N. Y. Itiiita-.d Srnt, 
which he condiictol a year. Iu May, 18("il, 
he iKvame lieui.i-ol. 8th N. Y". Vols. (Col. 
BIcnker). and iMiu. the nyt. in tlie iKiltle of 
Bull Klin. He was so<.m aAer in-ule its rol. ; 
had char>n' of a bri;:atle in HIenker's division ; 
and iH-caiuc bri^.-^-x-n. vols, Nov. 12.1861. hi 
Dec. 1802 he com. a div. in Siizx'l's Uth army 
convs; mai.-•^•n. March 14. 18(>.t. 

St&igKi Ittcii.^Kt) M., miniature and :n.-nre 
|Kiinler ot Boston, b. Eu^. ah. 1820. Came to 
the I'.S. in early childhood, and while eiipi:>.sl 
in mechanical occu)iatious at Newport. U.I.. 
ix-ceived instructions in |>aintiu); from Jano 
Stuan and Allston, and stum attaiui'il hi;;h 
r-ink as a j>ainter of miniature (wrtraits. Tho^d 
of Allston. Webster, and Everett, are iik'mo- 
rable. His cabinet cv>astv<-eues anil pennj 
pieci-s »tv hiijhlv valutxl ; amon^ them are 
" Cat's -Cradle.' "The Crossing- Swci'[»;r." 
" Neirs from the War," " KniltiuK," '" Tho 
Lovi--lx'iicr," and "The S;ulor's Gra»v." — 

r»a>, .*i.,. 

Stanard, Korkrt, jurist ; d. Kichmond, 
Va.. .May It. lS4t;. a. 66. He was a disiin;:. 
meiuhiT'of the State Const. Conv. of 182'>-30; 
tvprvs^-ntiAl Kichmond fi>r several sessions in 
the house of deUxaH's ; and stooil at the head 
of the liar of that city when he was elevati.^ 
to the K-nch of the Court ol" Appeals. 

Stanberry, HKXRT.Iaw»-er, b. New York, 
Feb. 2i>. I8.H. Wash. Coll.'. Pa . 1819. He 
went to l>hio in 1814: adm. to theOhi.- bar 
in 1824: atty.-gvn. of »)hio 1846; U.S. atty.- 
gvn. July, 1866, Iu March, IS68. Dcfendni 



SXA 



859 



SXA 



Pivsiilcnt Jolinson iliiriiig the impcachmoiit 
trial. 

Standish, Miles, an early New-Eii;;. sol- 
dier, I). Lancashire, Eiig., ab. 1584; d. Diix- 
biirv, Ms., Oct. 3, 1 6515. He had served in the 
Nutlierlaiid.'i. Came to Plymouth with the tirst 
coiH|iaiiy ii: 1G20 ; and was chosen capt. by the 
l'il;.'rinis, thoa^'h not of their chnreh. He was 
small in stature, but of a very hot and an^ry 
temper; possessed great courage, ener;;y, and 
deierniination ; and rendered imjiortaut services 
to the larly settlers. Sent in 1G23 to Wey- 
mouth to protect the inhabitants from a con- 
spiracy of the Indians, he seized their chief, 
Peeksnot, snatched his knife from his neck, and 
killed him with it. Tliis and similar exploits 
tilled the savages with a wholesome terror of 
him, and gave security to the colonists. In 
Itjij he went to Eng. as agent for the Colony, 
and returned with supplies in 1626. He then 
settled in Duxbury, where he was a magistrate 
for the re.^t of his'life. — See his U'lV/ in Gun- 
eat. A'. 7., V. ■^•^:i. 

Stanford, Jonx, D.D., Baptist clergyman 
and philantbroi)ist, b. Wandsworth, Eng , Oct. 
20, 1751; d. New York, Jan. U, 18.34. He 
studied medicine; then en^'aged in teaching at 
Hammersmith, near London ; and, after join- 
ing the IJaptist Church, came in 17S6 to tlie 
U.S. ; spent some months at Xorfolk, Va., 
and then ojicned an acad. at New York ; pas- 
tor of the Baptist church in Providence, II. I., in 
1787-9; again a teaclier in New York in Nov. ' 
1789-1813; and ia 1791 commenced a course 
of Sunday -evening lectures. A Baptist church 
having been formed, through bis exertions, in 
1794, he otficiated as its pastor until ab. 1800; 
in 1811 he became chaplain of tli ■ al;iihn;i-.' : 
and ultimately the prisons, h' i 1 mI 

charitable asvluras of the city b . ,;;ii ni- n, M 
of labor, ife also taught classes ot theol. stu- 
dents. Besides a " History of the First Bap- 
tist Church of Providence,'' he wrote a number 
of tracts, addresses, and discourses ; a coll. of 
essays entitled " The A^ed CInistian's Com- 
panion," 1829; "Domestic Chaplain," 1806; 
" Ue-cription of New- York City, 1814. — See 
Mi'iiiitir I, If C. G. Somnters. 

Stanford, Lkl.\sd, a prominent citizen 
of C.il., b. near Albany, N.Y., 9 Mar. 1824. 
His ancestors settled as farmers in the Mohawk 
Valley ab. 1720. He had a com. school educa- 
tion. Was adm. to the bar in 1 849 ; practised in 
Port Washington, Mich., in 1849-.i2 ; became a 
merchant in Sacramento ; was a delcg. to the 
Chicag) conv. in 1860; gov. of Cal. 1862-4: 
and, as prcs. of the Central Pacific Railroad Co., 
was foremost in pushing forward that great 
national enterprise. He is largely interested 
in railroad and mannf. enterprises in California. 

Staniford, Thomas, col. U. S. A., b. Vt. 
1789 ; (1. Carni.ridi,'e, Md., Feb. 3, 1855. App. 
ensign 1 lib Inf. Uet. 12, 1812; adj. 1819; capt. 
ALireh, 18*0; maj. 4th Inf. Dee. 1,1839; brev. 
lieut.-col. for gallant conduct in battles of Palo 
Alto and U. do la Palma, May 9, 1846 ; lieut.- 
col. 8th Inf. June 29, 1846; brev. rol. for gal- 
lant anil meritorioas conduct in battles of 
Monterev, Mexico. Sent. 23, 1846; col. 3d Inf. 
Fell. 21. 1852. — Gardiner. 

Stanley, Anthony Dcmond, mathema- 



tician, b. East Hartford, Ct., April 2. 1810 ; d. 
there March 16, 1853. Y.C. 1830. He was 
tutor there in 1832-6, and prof in 1836-53. 
Author of a" Treatise on Spherical Trigonome- 
try," •' Tables of Logariihms," and a revLsed 
eitition of Day's "Algebra." 

Stanley, David S., brev. maj. -gen. U.S.A., 
b. Cedar Valley, Wayne Co., O., 1 June, 1828. 
West Point, 1852. Entcriu;; the 2d Dragoons, 
he became (27 Mar. 1855) 1st lieut. 1st Cav. ; 
dislin;;uislied at defeat of Comauehe Indians in 
the Wichita Mountains, 25 Feb. 1859; capt. 
4tli Cav. 16 Mar. 1861 ; brig.-gen. vols. 28 
Sept. 1861; inaj.-gen. 29 Nov. 1862; maj. 
5th Cav. 1 Dec. 1863; col. 22d Inf. 28 July, 
1866. When the Rebellion broke out, he suc- 
cessfully brought off all the govt, property from 
Forts Smith, Washita, Arbuckle, and 'Cobb; 
did good service iii jlo., especially at Dug 
Springs and Wilson's Creek ; and was after- 
ward some time disabled by a fall from his 
horse. Joining Gen. Pope at New Madrid, he 
com. the 2d div. Army of theMpi. at the battle 
of Farmingion ; .May 28, 1862, he repulsed an 
attack by Cleburne on the left wing ; was in 
the pursuit of the Confcds. to Booneville in 
the battles of luka and Corinth ;^cbief of cav., 
Army of the Cumberland, Nov. 1862 ; dis|)layed 
great ability and skill at the battle of Stono 
River; was engaged in the advance on Tulla- 
homa ; the cxped. to Huntsville, Ala. ; the pas- 
sage of the Tenn. River in Sept. 1863; com. 
1st div. 4th corps in Nov. 1863 ; in the Atlanta 
campaign under Sbernian ; com. the 4th corps 
from July, 1864, to the close of the war. His 
timely arrival on the battle-field of Franklin 
averted disaster ; but he was wounded and dis- 
abled. He was brev. lieut.-col. 31 Dec. 1862 
for Stone River; col. 15 May, 1864, for Re- 
snca, Ga. ; biig.-gen. and maj.-gen. 13 Mar. 
1865 for Rutrs Station, Ga., and Franklin, 
Tenne-see. 

Stanley, Edward, lawver and statesman, 
b. Newbern, X.C. Eldest son of Hon. John, 
lawver and M.C. (1801-3 and 1809-11), d. 3 
Aug. 1833. Edward wasa Whig .M.C. in 1836- 
42 and 1 849-53 ; represented Beaufort in the 
legisl. of N.C. in 1844, '46, and '48; speaker in 
1848, and atty.-gen. of the State in 1847. He 
was one of tlie ablest of the Whig members 
of Congress; voted for the compromise meas- 
ures ot 1850, but was not thought in the 
South to be sufficiently devoted to the defence 
and preservation of slavery. In 1853 he went 
to San Francisco, where he practised law ; in 
1857 he was the Repuh. candidate for gov., re- 
ceiving 21 ,040 votes to 53,1 22 for Weller, Dem- 
ocrat. After the capture of Newbern (March 
14, 1862) and the occupation of other points in 
N.C, he was app. military gov. of the State, 
which place he filled some months, then re- 
signed, and returned to California. 

Stanley, FAnius, <ommo. U.S.N., son of 
John, lawver and .M.C, b. Newbern, N.C, 
Dec. 15, 1815. Midshipm. Dec. 20, 1831 ; lieut. 
Sept. 8, 1841 ; com. May 19, 1861; capt. July 
25, 1866; comino. June, 1870. Attached to 
sloop " Dale," Pacific squad., during Mexican 
war, and ])resent at the capture of Guayainas, 
nnrl many engagements on the Pacific const ; 
com. the " Wyandotte " in 1860, and prevented 



ST A. 



860 



BTA. 



the attnc'k of Fort Taylor, Key West, by the 
Coiifcds. ; coin, steamer ' Narraj^aii-ci." I'aeilic 
■Hjuad., 1862-3; steamer "State of Georgia," 
S. All. squad., 1864-3. In 1865 ordered to 
com. Fort Johnson, also an cxped. up the 
Sanieo, and that of Bull's Baya;:ainst Charles- 
ton ; com. " Tuscarora," S. Pacific squad., 
1 866-7. — Iliimirsly. 

Staaley. J ^••. portrait-painter, b. Canan- 
dai^iia, N.l ., 1814; removed to .Miehi;,'an in 
1814. Be(;ttn his profession in Detroit in 18.'3i, 
and has practised it in various places, travel- 
ling extensively amon;; the Imlians, tiikin;; the 
likenesses of the principal chiefs. In IS.'il-G.'i 
he resided in Wushinjiton, U.C. IIise.\ien»ive 
collection of Indian portraits and niiscellaneous 
pictures were for many years a chief attraction 
of the Smithsonian Insi., where they were in 
Jan. 1865 unfortunately destroyed by tire. 
Now (1S71) resides in Detroit. 

Stansbury, -Maj. lIotVAKo, b. N.Y. Ciiy, 
Feb. 8. 1806 ; d. .Madison, Wis., April 17, 1863. 
App. Ut licut. topo;;. en;,'rs. July 7, 1838 ; capt. 
July. 1840 ; inaj. Sept. 28, 1861. Prior to his 
entry into the cnj;. corps, he was en(;i\ged ia 
various surveys of Western rivers, and in 1835 
had char;;c of a number of public works in In- 
diana. In 1841 he was en^a;^'d on a survey 
of the lakes; in 1842-3 he was in charj^e of the 
survey of the harbor of Portsmouth, X.ll., — 
a work which, for minute accuracy of detail, is 
unsurpassed in this country; in 1847 he was 
ciiar^ed with the construction of an iron light- 
house on Carysfort Reef, Florida, the lar^-cst ' 
li^'hthoiise on our coast; in 1849-51 he was 
cn;^a;;ed in the Great Salt-Lake exped., his 
report of which gave hira a wide reputation ; 
in 1832-3 he was enf:a;,'ed upon the lake har- 
bors ; in 1856 he was assi^'ned to the eharfje 
of the military roads in Minnesota ; at the time 
of his death, he was mustering and disbursing 
ofiBier at .Madison. 

Stansbury, Ges. Tobias E., b. 1756; d. 
Baltimiire Co., .Md.. Oct. 25, 1849. From the 
opening events of the Kevol. war, down to wiih- 
in a few years of his death, he participated 
actively in national and state affairs; was re- 
peatedly a member of the legisl., and presided 
us speaker of the house of delegates ; brig.- 
gon. ofMd. militia 18l.'}-14 ; com. a bri;;ade in 
battle of Bladensburg and in defence of Balti- 
more 

Stanton, DaniiiL, Quaker preacher, h. 
Phila. 1708; d. there June 28, 1770. He be- 
gan to preach in 1728 ; travelled in N.E. and the 
W. Inilies ; went to Knropc in 1748; and vi.«it- 
ei the Southern Colonies in 1760. lie bore 
testimony against slavery, and against the 
vices of the city, especially horse-nicing, drunk- 
enness, and slairc-plays ; ami was a very zealous, 
faithful preacher. — Sre Jmirnul of his Life, 
Tnwrh. ami fi'.w;ir/ f.nlnrs. Phila. 8vo, 1772. 

Stanton, Edwin McMasteks, LE. I). 
(Y.C. 1867), lawvcr and siaiesmnn, b. Steu- 
benville, O., Dec. 19. 1814; .1. Washington, 
D.C., Dec. 24, 1869. K.nyon Coll. 18:W. His 
parents were of Quaker origin, and came fnnn 
Culpei>cr Co., Va. lie became a bookseller's 
clerk at Columbus, O. ; stuilicd law; and in 
1836 was adm. to ihe Columbus bar. He l)c- 
gan practice at Cadiz, O. ; became prosec. atty. 



of the Co. in 1837; but soon removed to Steu 
benville, where he had extensive practice. In 
18.19-42 he was reiniricr of the ilciisions of the 
Supreme Court. In 1848 he removed to Pitts- 
burg, became the leailer of the bar, and was 
often employed in the Supreme Court at Wash- 
ington. His argument in the ca-sc of the 
Wheeling Su8|iension Bridge is among the most 
noted of hisetforts iluring this |>criod In 1857 
he removed to Washington; and in 1858 was 
employed by Atty. -Gen. Black to go to Cali- 
fornia to plead the cause of the U S. in some 
very im|)ortant eases. Dec. 14, 1860, he sue- 
cei'de<l Mr. Black as atty. -gen., and did his 
country great service by resisting, as f.ir as pos- 
sible, the eflToris of the secession leader^, tbeii 
actively engaged in preparing the civil war 
that soon after broke out. He went out of 
otlicc with Mr. ISucbainin's administration, 
March 4, 1861 ; succeeded Gen. Cameron as 
see. of war, Jan. 13, 1862; sus|icnded Aug. 12, 
1867, by Pre^. Johnson ; rc-inoiatcd by the sen- 
ate, Jan. 14, 1868; resigned May, ltJ68; npp. 
judge U.S. Supreme Court. Dec. 20. 1869. 
His labors as war secretary during the Great 
Kebellion were overwhelming: he slept for 
months at the office, working till two or three 
o'clock in the morning, and rising before tlic 
sun. His assistant .secretaries, men of energy 
and ability, broke down one alter anoher; but 
be bore the brunt of the burden with inflexible 
courage and perseverance, and unequalled 
ability. His opposition to the policv of the 
pres. nnidc him obnoxious to Mr. .lohnson, 
who sought to dc|<rive him of bis otfire; but it 
was retained by Mr. StiUiion until ihe failuro 
of the impeachment trial, u|>on which be re- 
signed. His health had been shattered by his 
arduous labors; and he died before his commis- 
sion to the Supreme-Court bench had licen 
made out. He pub. Iteports, Sup. Ct. of 
Ohio, 1841-4. 3 vols. 8vo ; also Ucporis as 
Secreiaiy of War, 1862-8. 

Stanton, Elizabeth Cadt, rcfonner, b. 
Johnstown, N.Y., Nov. 12, 1816. Dan. of Judge 
Daniel Cady. She was educated at the Johns- 
town Acad., and Mrs. Willard's Seminary at 
Troy. In 1840 she m. Henry B. Stanton, an 
antislavery orator, and aceomp. him to l..on- 
don, wlier« he was a delegate to the World's 
Anti.-lavery Convention. Her« she made the 
acquaintance of Lncretin Mott, with wlmin. 
u|)on the question of woman's rights, she found 
herself in sympathy. On their n-ium, Mr. 
Stanton practised law in Boston until 1845, 
when they removeil to Semra Fads, N.Y. 
The first woman's - rights convention wai 
called by her at S.neca Fal.s, July 19-20, 
1848; and it made the first public d< nmnd for 
woman's sull'rage. Since that i^'rioil she has 
laliori'il incessantly with p<'n and voic ■, travel- 
ling over the counlry, endeavoring to ell'ect this 
great object. In 1868, she, with Parker Pil's- 
bury and Susan B. Anthony, began to pub. 
the lifviiliitinn in advocacy of the new ideas. 
(Si'C Eminent Women of the Agi'.) Her hns- 
b.tnd, Henbv Brlwsteu, b. Griswold, Cl., 
1810, studiwi at Lane Sein., O. Author of 
"Rel'ormsand H<'formers,"lS49; addres.sos, &c. 
Stanton, Henry, bn-v. brig.-gm. U.S.A., 
b. Vt. ab. 1796; d. Fort Hamiitou, N.Y., Aug 



STA 



861 



STA. 



I, 1856. App. lieut. of light art. .June 29, 
1S13; assist, dep. qmr.-gen. July, 1813; mili- 
tary sec. to Gen. Izard 1814 ; dip. qiiir. (rank 
of major) May 13, 1820; actin;:; adj.-gcn. of 
the army under Gen. Jesup in Florida 183G- 
3" ; assist, qmr.-gcn. (rank of col.) .Tuly 7, 
ISo "■ ; lirev. brig.-jicn. "for meritorious conduct 
in til- Mexican war," Jan. 1, 1847. — Gunlner. 

Stanton, RicHAur) IT., M. C. from Ky. 
lS49-.')5, b. Alexandria, Va., 1812. Author 
of " Code of Ky.," 8vo, 1859 ; " Rev. Statutes 
of Ky.," 2 Tols. 8vo, 1S60; "Treatise for 
Justices," 1861; "Manual for Executors," 
1862. Edited the Muysville Monitor and 
iJfi(/svi!le JCxpress. — A/llhone. 

Stanwix, John, lieut.-gcn., lost at sea in 
Dec. 1 7G5 while cros-ing from DuMin to Holy- 
head in " The Eagle" packet. Ntphew and 
heir to Brig.-Gen. Stanwix, who s rvcd wiih 
reputation m the wars of Queen Anne. En- 
tered the army in 1706 ; was an old eaptiiin of 
grenadiers in 1739 ; made maj. of marines in 
1741; lieut.-col. in 1745;. app. cquen-y to 
Frederick, rrince of Wales, in 1749; in 1750 
W.1S advanced to t!ia govt, of Carlisle, which 
city he then represented in parliament ; and in 
1754 I leeame dep. qm r.-gen. of the forced. Jan. 
1, 1756, he became col. eom.of the lirst batt. of 
the 60ih, or Roy. Americans ; was put in com. 
of the Sontlurn dist. on his arrival in Amer., 
and had bis headquarters at Carhsle, Pa., dur- 
ing 1757, and was app. bri^.-gen. Dee. 27. On 
being relieved by Forbes m 1758, Brig. Stan- 
wix proceeded to Albany, whence he was 
ordered to the Oneida carrying-place to secure 
that important position by the erection of a 
work, which, in his honor, was called " Fort 
Stanwix." lie returned to Pa. in 1759; be- 
came )iiaj.-gen. June 19; repaired the old fort 
at Pittsburg, and surmounted the works with 
cannon ; and by Ids prudent conduct secured 
the good wi 1 of the Indians. Me resigned his 
com. to Monekton, Jlay 4, 1760 ; became lieut.- 
gen. Jan. 19, 1761 ; and on his return to Eng. 
was app. licut.-gov. of the Isle of Wight ; be- 
came col. of the 8th Foot, and M.P. for Ap- 
pleby. 

Staples, William Read, IX.D. (B.U. 
1S62), jurist and historian, b. Providence, R.I., 
Oct. 10, 179 j; d. there Oct. 19, 1S68. Brown 
U. 1817. Adm.to lhebarinl819; assoc. judge 
Sup. Court, R.L, 1835-54; chief justice of that 
court 1854-6; sec. and trcas. R.I. Soc. for 
the Encouragement of Domestic Industry 
from 1856 until his death, and a contrib. of 
Biographies to its Transactions. One of the 
founders of the R.I. Hist. Society, many years 
its libraiian and sec., and a vice-pres. at liis 
death. He edited the 2d vol. Colls. R.I. Hist. 
Soi iety, and in the 5th vol. pub. " Annals of 
Providence." He also pub. " Documentary 
Hist, of the Destruction of the Gaspe," 1845; 
•' Proceedings of the First General Asscmlily 
for the Incorp. of Providence Plantations, &e., 
ill 1647," 8vo, 1847; and "R. I. Book of 
Forms," 12mo, 1'59. He left unfinished a 
" Ili,>tory of the State Convention of 1790," 
since pib. ; " History of the Criminal Law of 
K.I ;*' "R.I. in the Cont. Congrc-s 1765- 
90," pub. 8vo, 1 870 ; edited with notes Gorton's 
"Simplieitie's Defence," 1835. 



Stark, Caleb, d. Dunbarton, N.TI , Feb. 
1, 1>;64, a. 59. H.U. 182;!. Son of Caleb, 
mnj. Revol. army, who served from Biuikcr's 
Hill to Yorktown, and who in 1828 r moved 
to O. (b. 3 Dec. 1759; d. 26 Aug. 1838.) He 
practised law in Cincinnati, C, and Concord, 
N.H. Author of " Reminiscences of the 
French War," &c., 8vo, 1(^31 ; "A History of 
Dmibarton, N.H.," 1860; and a Lite of his 
Grandlather, Gen. John Stark, 8vo, 1860. 

Stark, John, maj.-gen., b. Londonderry, 
N.a., Aug. 28, 1728; d. Mauchctter. N.H., 
Jlay 8, 1822. Removing with his father to 
Derrytield, now Manchester, about 1736, lie 
was cmjiloyeil in hunting and husbandry until 
April 28, 1752, when, being on a bunting ex- 
])ed., he was taken prisoner by the St. Francis 
Indians. After six weeks' captivity, he was 
ransomed for 103 dollars. He became very- 
popular with the Indians by bis frequent exhi- 
bitions of courage and independence, and was 
adopted into the tribe. App. in 1755 a lieut. 
in Rogers's company of Rangers, he served in 
that and the following campaign, and in Jan. 
1757, while returning from an c.xped., the corps 
was attacked by the French and Indians near 
Tieonderoga. A sanguinary battle ensued, in 
which his superior offi(-ei-s were killed or 
wounded ; and upon liim devolved the conduct 
of the retreat, which he effected with great skill 
and prudence. He was soon afterwards app. 
ncapt. of rangers, and in 1758 participated in 
the attack on Tieonderoga under Gen. Aber- 
crombie. In the following spring he joined 
the army of Amherst, and was present at the 
reduction of Tieonderoga and Crown Point. 
A member of the com. of safety at the com- 
meneement of the Revol, on the news of Lex- 
ington battle he repaired at once to Cam- 
bridge, and was immediately chosen col. of the 
N.H. troops. At Bunker's Hill his men were 
stationed at the left of tlie line, behind a rail 
fence, and repeatedly repulsed the enemy with 
great, loss, but, when the redoubt was carried, 
were compelled to retire. At the close of the 
northern campaign, in Dec. 1776, he joined 
Gen. Washington at Newton, com. the van- 
guard at Trenton, and was very active at the 
battle of Princeton ; having been overlooked 
in the jiromotions, he resigned his commission 
in Ajjr. 1777, and returned to his farm. On 
the advance of Burgoync, the council of N.H. 
commissioned Stark to raise a force, and guard 
the frontier. Aug. 16, 1777, he attacked Col. 
Baum in his intrenehment on tlie Wallooms- 
eliaick, near Benninjjton, and defeated him. 
Scarcely was this action over, when a detach- 
ment nndcrCol.Breyinan,sent to succor Baum, 
arrived, which he also defeated with great loss. 
Congress passed a vote of thanks to him for 
this brilliant service, and made biin a bri^'.-gen. 
Oct. 4, 1777, notwithstanding it bad jnst before 
passed a vote of censure lor his disobedience 
of the order of (icn. Lincoln to march to the 
west of the Hudson, — which step, if taken, 
would have left Bur:.'oyne's rear unmolested. 
In Sept. he joined Ga'tes, and contributed to 
the euceessful issue of the cam|)aign ; early in 
1778 he com. the northern dent, at Albany ; in 
Oct. joined Gen. Gates in R.I. ; in May, 1780, 
he joined the army in Morristown, and was 



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IS^Mt. lV<-> it Col. Coll.. O.C. ISSi-:. Jv 
Covrntrv. Kn.^. Jsn. 4. ITTO; J. \V»^hinI^ 
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Wat ilirfoaniirrof lb* CMiaMmnwU and /i-.<ti 
ir.ir. n<<vs|>apm fur ih* liiisraiiaaiKin of hi* 
Mi-a* 
Stoams, Jous. M.D (i<i?v s ^v;'».^^ 

ham, .\U. i::v); d X.Y. Cit. - 

Y.C. i:s9. Kirst p«r«, X.Y 
finr, l.-M*. and on,, of ih. 



Ch, 
In- 
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f>u;v .1 or t- V :■., 
luoirm hy LynJ. « 

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t«\»f. w law in U I 
Ms., Jun« IT, 1 774: >i 
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l^MiunsUT. XU.. 17.\3; .i. Uno'ln. Mi.. Jnlr 
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~^ 11 I . ISiS, S4>n of Kev, 

'r\l. A rol of hi» ili>c\>ur>«, 

. > his hrvv \V. A. SicAras *a» 

Stearns, Wiuhkm Arorsxrs, D.I), 

(U C ISi:<l, U.D (S.J Coll. IS&II. aiwiif 
Rev. S.tm«ol, 1> IWt,— ' ^' '- \< - w.»\ 

HI". isa7. iv-to 

hrijlipcivn. Mi. IV. . T, 

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I'fl Franco in 1787; wmt n priticipul iicKir in 
til' \v:ir wliich tor n short |H'riiiil iiiib*i<t('<l lio- 
t vrin SsvciliMi unci Utissla; nml wiw rcwiinl'd 
tor \m srrvii'vs witli l1ii< oniUntt-y to St. I'rt< nt- 
liiir;.' Ill 17'.)(), whiili ho Ion',' rctiiinrd. In Isl I 
hi' rpriircd to Pnri-< in com. of ilr' Swoilish 
nnny, iiml unihii-sador of thi' Swedish kin;; to 
n!;;ii'ihc- tr Illy of peace. 

Stodman, Charlkk, nutliorof "TIk- Ilis- 
t-irv of ih'' A'lU'rican W.ir," i' voIh. .Ho, Loiil, 
17',il; il. London, 26 .Inn.-, isii'. He Kirvcd 
IK n coiiini-Miiry under Howe, Clinton, nnd 
Cornw. Ill* in the Anier. Itevid. war, nml at tlio 
liiif of IiIh de.ith wa.s dep. coiii|it. of tlie HMinp- 
o'lk'c. Lownd » Hnys Siednian'H " History " 
WIS writteii liy Win. 'rhoinmni, LL.l). 

Stodm'in, Kdmund Clahf.nce, poi't, h. 
Ilaruor.l, Ct., I Oct. 18:13. Son of Ediniind 
B.. II merchant of II., hy piinnlicth C. Dod-e, 
now Mrs. Kinnev, pocf, nnd wife of Win. H., 
editor .Y, ,<•.(,/.• (X..I.) .Vlmihrr. On- of his 
ancestors on lin nioiliT'H sid'i was Rev. Aa- 
ron Cleveland; I'l^lio]) A. C. Coxc Ijcinjj her 
< iiusin. His fatli-r dioil when he was 2 years 
ohl, and h; w,i.s educated nndcr the care of a 
relaiivc, entering; Y.C. in 1819. He did not 
(jradnarp, but in 1870 reeciv.-d the lion. dcTcii 
of A.M. He l)"jaii joiimalisni in hii) liOili 
yar; ed. the Il7,wr-/ /Am/,/, Liichlie'd Co., 
( 'i. ; removed to N. Y. City (where- he is now a 
111 iiili'M' of the stoik cxehanj;e) ; liceamc con- 
neetod with the I'rilmiir, becoming; ;;(nerally 
known bv liis satirical |>oein contrili. to that 
jonnml, '" The lliamoml Wedilin;;" (1859) ; 
iiiid ill 18G1-.3 was war-corre.sp. in Va. for the 
N.Y. UV/7. Di'.siilis contrilis. to ihaAllnnilr, 
ticrilinrr's, the diiluxii, &<;., Ik! has pub. " Po- 
ems," 1x60; "Battle of Ball linn." 1861; 
" Alice of Moninonth, an Idvl of the Great 
War, with Other I'ocins," 18G4; "The Blame- 
less Prince," &c., ISG9. Now (1871) cn.u'n^'cd 
npon a, tran.slalion of the (Jrcck Sicilian poets. 

Sterlinan, <1kv. Grifpiv a., b. Hartford, 
Ci. ; ki II d near Pcter^mrt', Va., An^r. 6, 1^64. 
'I'rin. Coll. Mnj. lllh Ct. ; licnt.-col. at An- 
li 'tain, and wonndod ; com. the rest, at Frcd- 
eiieksbiir;^, Chance llor.^ville, nnd Gettysbiirs, 
and coiM. a bri;rnde in the campaign of 1864. 
H was fitallv wounded in one of the skirmishes 
lii'l'ire I'eterbnr;;. 

Stedtn.in, JmiN GAnniEt,, b. Scotland, 
1741); buried at St. Mary's Church, B ckley, 
Devuiishire, 1797. Anthorof "Xarraiivo of 
I'.rped. a','ain<t the U 'voltcd Nc;.'roes of Suri- 
11,111. 177l'-7," London, 2 vols. 4to, 1796. 

Steedman, CiiAni.r.s, rcar-adm. U.S.N., 
li. Cliarleston, S.C. Sept. 24, 181 1. Midshipm. 
Aj.r. I. 1828; lieut. Feb. 25, 1H41 ; com. Sept. 
14, 1855; capt. Sept. 1.1, 1862; coniino. Jnly 
25, 1806; rear-adin. 18 June, 1871. He com. 
a gun in naval batterv at bombard, of Vera 
Cniz; com. bri;,' "Dolpliin," Para;;uav cxped., 
I 59-00; com. "The Bienvill." at dattle of 
r,.rt Boyal. S.C, Nov. 7, I^Ol ; with " The 
Panl Joiies," and other cunlionts under \\\t 
com., in;;a:;cd l-'ort McAllister in Aup;. 1862; 
Sept. 17, 1862, 8<ene,.d th; batteries of St. 
.Iihn's P-luli; St. John's Uivcr, Fla. ; Sept. 30 
co-iiperated wiih Gen. Braniion in captnp' of 
fain ■ bittiri's; con). .s'of);)-of-v.;ir "Tlcond"ro- 
tja" il bjili attacks on Fort. Fisher, and in 



Eiirop"nn squad. 1866-7; commanding navy- 
yard, ll.iston. IS7I)-I. — //,/m.7-.s/y. 

Stoodmin, < Inv. .(amks Bahubtt, b. Nor- 
thiimliTland Co., I'.i., July ;)(), 1818. In 
18.'17 he went to Ohio ivs a coniiaetor in tliii 
consirnction of the WalKC-h ami Kii • Canal ; 
in 1843 he was sent bv the Deinocrais to the 
')liio le;;isl. ; in 1849 lie orf;ani/.ed a company 
to cross the plains to California, (.'old-hnntin;;; 
retnmin^ in 18.50, In' beanie in 1851 a mem- 
ber of th.' board of laililic works of ( )liio. Dar- 
in;; Mr. Bnehanaii's admiiiistralioii, he was 
printiT to Coii;;ref». In 18CI he was col. 4th 
Ohio Vols. ; wiLSordernl to Western Va.; took 
jiart in the battle nt Phllijipi, and subseqiient- 
ly joined (ieii. Buell in Kv. ; app. liri„'.-L;cn. 
of vols. .Inly 17, 1862 ; disiiii;;. at Perryvi lo; 
in July, 1''63, com. th" Ut iliv. reserve corps, 
Army of the Cumberland ; nnd, for dislinp^, BtT- 
vices nt Cliiekamnu;;a, wa.s made miij.-pn. 24 
Apr. 1864. Ill) took nn active part in Sh -r- 
man's Atlanta cani]iaii;n ; relieved the little 
garrison at Ualton, nnd defeated Wheclcr'8 
cavalry in .June, ls64; joined Gen. Thomas 
when Sherman ni irehed to the sen; and was 
di^tin;;. in the battle of Nashville. Ucsigned 
Jnly 19,1866. Intcrn.il rev. collector at New 
Orleans nndor Prcs. Johnson. — licid'a Ohio in 
tlir Wnr. 

Steele, Kev. Asudki,, b. Waterlmry, Ct., 
.11 Jan. 1796. J'lesb. paslor ill Wiisliiii;;ton, 
DC. Author of " Chief of the I'ilKrliiis, or 
Life of Brewster," 8vo, 1857; " (Jeiicnl. of I'ho 
Brewster Family." Contrili. to S/iiril of A/is- 
ainns, I'hilii. Ili'coriler, and Nut. liilelliijnir.pr. — 
.SVcr/e Fam. Oriieal. 

Steele, Gks. FnEDKRic, h. Delhi, N.Y., 
1821 ; d. San Mntco, Columbia Terr., Jan. 12, 
1868. West Point, 1843. Enterin;; the 2d 
Inf., ho served diirin;; the .Mexican war. For 
pillaiiiry at Contreiasand Cha|)nlleiiec he was 
bicv. 1st llent. ami capt. ; cnpt. 2d Inf. 5 Feb. 
1855. Ho served in Mo. at the be;;innin}' of 
the civil war; was made major lUh Iiif May 
14, 1861; and for his conduct nt the battle of 
Wilson's deck (Auk. 10, 1861 ) was made brijf.- 
(:en. of vols. Jan. 29, 1862; in Dee. 1862 he 
com. at Helena, Ark., captiirin;; Little liock 
Sept. 10, 1863; maj.-gen. Nov. 29, 1862. He 
com. a division in the 15ih army corps under 
Slicrinnn, and took iiartin the iiattlcs of Chick- 
asaw Bayou, capture of Fort lliiidinan, and 
sie;;c of Viekslmr;;, where bo com. the 5tll 
division of Grant's army ; and com. the dcpi. 
of Ark. until the end of the war. He coin, n 
column nt the capture of Mobile 12 Apr. 1865. 
In 1865 he was transferred to Texas, nnd placed 
in com. on the Uio Grande. Lieut. -col. 3d 
Inf. 26 Aug. 1863; col. 20th inf. July 28. 
1866; brcv.<:ol. (or Vicksbiirg; l)rig.-;;cn. 13 
Mar 1865 for Little Itock, and maj.-gen. for 
services in the Uehcllion. 

Steele, John, Ucvol. oflicer, b. Aiignsta 
Co., Va., all. 1755; d. ab. 1805. He was an 
ofli er at the battle of Point Pleasant, Va., 10 
Oct. 1774. nnd at the battle of (iermanlown 
was shot through the bodv. Many years ono 
of the Vn. exei'iitive council ; coiiiiniss. to trcnt 
with the Cherokees under John Adams's nd- 
niiiiisiraiion ; and sec. ol Mpi. Terr, 1798-1801. 

Steele, Gln Jonv, lievol, ollieir, b, Lnn 



8TK 



804 



STK 



caster, P:>., 175S; d. 27 Feb. 1827. Capt. 
thruii;;h ihc war; wounded at Brandywine, 
and present at Yorktown ; aflerwant State 
senator ; a eommi$$ioner to settle the Wvuminz 
tn>ul>le« ; and Ion;; cullector of the port of 
Phila. ; com. Washington's Life Guani in 
I7Si>; pen. of Pa. miliiia. 

Steele, Ijes- Jous, h. Salisburv, N.C., 
Nov. 1, 1764; d. there Aug. 14, I!«i5. His 
mother Elinlieth was di^tin;;. among the 
patriotic " women of the Rcvol." John was a 
succe:>sful pliinter; from 17S7 was frequently 
a mcMiher of the h. of commons ; menil>er of 
the convention to adopt the Feilcral Constitu- 
tion in I7SS ; M.C. 1790-3 ; was often siieakcr 
of the h. of commons ; was in 1 8U6 a commiss. 
to adjust the boundaries between N. and S. 
Caroiin.i; was a pen. of militia, and first compt. 
of the treasnrr until 1S02. 

Steele, J'oax n., gov. n.h. is44-6; b. 

N.C. 17'.>2; d. Ptterhorough.N.H., Julys, 1865. 

Steen, Alex.isdeb E., brip.-pen. C.S.A., 
of St. Louis, .\Io. ; killed at Prairie Grove, 
Ark., 7 Doc. 1862. Lieut. I2ih U.S. luf 6 
Mar. 1847; brcv. for Contrcras and Chnru- 
busco ; disiinp. and wounded in tlio conflict 
with the ,\piuhes 27 June, 1857. 

Steers, George, naval constructor, b. 
Wn«lnn-ton, D.C. 1821 ; d. Brooklyn, N Y., 
25 Sept. 1 856. Among many of his beautilully- 
modelled vcssols, the most celebrated were 
tbe yacht " America," and the steamships 
" Adriatic " and " Niagara." 

Steinwehr, Ges. ■ Adolph Wilhelm 

Fbiedricii, baron von, b. Blankenlierg. duchy 
of Bninswiek, Sept. 2.t, 1822. His father was 
a major, his grandfather a lieut -gen., in the 
Prussian service. He was educated at the 
Military Acad, of Brunswiik; became a lieut. 
in 1841 ; resigned in 1847, and came to the 
U.S. to otlcr his .services to the govt, in the 
Mexican war; but, failing to obtain a commiss. 
in the rvgnlar army, relurned to Germany after 
marrying in Mobile. In 1854 he came again 
to the U.S., and Iwught a farm near Walling- 
foi-d, Ct. Ho raised the 29lh X.Y. Uegt., which 
he com. in the first battle of Bull liun. Made 
briii.-gcn. vols. Oct. 12, 1861, and ai)p. to the 
2d brigade of Blenker's division. When Sitfel 
assumed com. of the corps nficr the organii;i- 
tiou of the Array of V«., Steinwehr was pro- 
muted to coin, the 2d division, I Ith corjts, and 
participaleil in the campaign on the Haiiidan 
and liappahannock in August and in Dec. ; 
in the battle of rhancellorsville. May 2, 186,1, 
and the battle of Geiiysbung, Pa..July 1, 1863. 

Stellwtigen, Hexkt S., capt. 'U. S. N., 
b. Pa.; d. Cni>e Island, N.J., Jnlv 16, 1866. 
Midshipm. Apr. 1,1823; lieut. July 2, 1840; 
com. Sept. 14. 1855; capt, Aug. 29, 1862; 
com. steamer " Connecticut," 1862; " Merci- 
dita." 1 863. 

Stembel, Roger K., commo. U. S. N., b. 
Middliiown, Ml., Dec. 27. ISIO. Midshijun. 
Mar. 27, 1832 ; lieut. Oct. 26, 1843 ; com. July 
I, 1861; capt. July 25, 1866; commo. 1870; 
com. N. Pacific siqu.id. 1871 ; attached to coast- 
survey 1844-7 ; to il]». flotilla; and inaction 
at Lucas's Bend, Sept. 9, 1861 ; Belmont. Nov. 
7, 1861 ; Foi t Henrv, Feb, 6. 1 862; Island Xo. 
10, Mur, 16 to Apr.'7, 1862 ; near Fo t Pillow 



with Confcd. rams. Mar 10, 1 832 ; besides some 
minor affiiirs from Aug. 1861 to May, 1862, 
and wounded May 10 ; com. steam-sloop " Ca- 
nandaigua," European squad., 1865-7. — llam- 
mJi/. 

Stephen, Gen, Au.^si; d, Va, N..v. 1791. 
He had bi'en a nieriturious Va. offitxT in iho 
colonial wars; was a capt. in the Ohio cx|icd. 
of 1754 ; servt'd with distinrtion under Brad- 
dock ; nflLrwnnls com. Fort Cumlirrland with 
the rank of lieut. -col. ; and, on his reiuin fnjin 
an ex|>eJ. to S.C. against the Cn-ek Indians, 
he Wius placed at the head of the troops for t)iO 
defence of the Va. frontier, and was made a 
brig.-gcn. When the Kevol. commenced, CoU 
Stephen was upp. to one of the Va. regt.~. ; 
was made a brig.-gcn. in the Cont. service, Sept. 
4, 1776, and a m.ij.gcn. Feb. 19. 1777; and 
behaved well at the Brandywine. Yielding 
to a luui habit, he fell into disgrai-c at Gcrmai>- 
town ; wa> found guilty of being into.\icatcd, 
and was disinissevl from the army 1778. 

Stephens, Alexander llAMiLTOf, 
statesman, b. Taliaferro Co., Ga., Feb. II, 
1812. Franklin Coll. 1832. I..eft an orphan, 
he was indebted to his friends for the means of 
education. Adm. to pRiciise law in 1834, and 
soon acquireil extensive practice at Cranfords- 
ville. After repaying his Iriemls, his first earn- 
ings were devoted to redeeming fnini the hands 
of strangers the home of his i hildliooil, u|>on 
which he still resides. In 1836-41 he was a 
metnlwr of the Slate legisl. ; in 1839 he was a 
delegate to the Chailesion commercial conven- 
tion ; in 1842 he was elected to the State 
senate; and was M.C. in 1843-.59, serving 
on many committees, and delivtiing many 
speeches; chairman of the com. on Territories. 
He favored the annexation of Texas ; was a sn|>- 
porier of Mr. Clay for the prvsiditicy in 1844 ; 
opposed the Clayton Compro:nise in 1843; 
took a leading )>art in eflVvting the eompromi cs 
of 1850; and was an active supporter of the 
Kansas and Nebraska Act of 1854. After the 
breaking-up of the Whig party, he joined 
the Democrats, and was a prominent sup|<ort«'r 
of Buchanan's administration. He adtocaicJ 
the election of Douglas to the presidency iu 
1860, and in nuimrous pnMie addnsst'S de- 
nounced those who advocated a dissolution of 
the Union, and in the State convention vigor- 
ously opposed the secession ol Geop,:ia. Ho 
was elk<te<i provisional vice-prcs. of the Co:i- 
fedemte States 9 Feb. 1861, and |H?miaiicnt 
vii-e-prcs. in Xov. In a speech at Itiehmond, 
Va-, Apr. 22, 1861, he justified the .secession 
movement, aud pronounced slavery the corner- 
stone of the new govt. He was for some time 
a prisoner of stiitc iti Fort Warren, but was 
released II Oct. 1863. He has pul>. " Hisioiy 
of the War iKtwcen the Sutes." 2 vols. 8vo, 
1868 ; '■ Constitutii.nal View of the l-ate War," 
2 vols. 8vo; Letters and Spceebcs, 8to, 1867, 
ed, by Hinry Clereland. 

Stephens, Mrs. An^ Sophia (Winter- 
botbauU. .iuthore«s, b. Derby, Ct.. 1813. She 
m, in I8,i2. and removed to Portland, Me., 
where in 1835 she commenced and continued 
for some time the PortUtnii .l/.iijiiriV. In 1836 
she edited " The Portland Sketch-Book." She 
in 1337 removed to X.Y. City, where she has 



sxia 



805 



STK 



since resided, and actively contrilmted to the 
magazines. " Mary Deiwent," a talc, won her 
a prize of S400, and jjave her popularity as a 
ina^'azine-wriier. ller most elalmraie work is 
tile novel of " Fashioii and Famine " (18.'>4), 
a story of the contrasts ol city life. It is of 
the intense ochuol, but contains excellent de- 
scriptions and delineations of character. She 
has also puli. " Tlie Heiress of Greenhiirst," 
" Tho Did ilotncstead," and two hooks on 
nccilli'work, and has also writicn much in verse. 
81ie edi[cd the LtuUi'S* Coni/ntnion 4 vears, and 
in 1842 was co-editor of dnihaiii's ^[ll(|ll:iln•, to 
which slie was long a contrihntor ; aiso editor 
of the /.'lilies' itoilil; in Ifiofl she started 
the lllustratnl i\',w Monlh/,/. An edition of her 
works in 14 vols, was pcih. I8G'J-70. 

Stephens, Mns. IlARRitiT M.vnioN', 
anthoress, d. East IJampileii, Me., IS.'iS, a. y.'). 
tSlie appeared upon the stage under the name 
of Miss Kosalic Somcrs until 1851, and was 
afterward well known liy the contributions of 
her pen under the signatures of " Marion 
Ward " and " II. M. S." She wrote " Uagar 
tile .Martyr," and a variety of tales, sketches, 
and poems, collected and pnh. with tho title 
of ■' llonie-Sceiics and Home-Sounds." 

Stephens, John Lloyd, an eminent trav- 
eller, h. S|jrew,sljury, N. J., Nov. 28, 180.5; d. 
N.V. (At. 12, 1SJ2. Col. Coll. 1822. Ue 
stuilicd at the Litchlicld Law School, and prac- 
tised in N.Y. City for about 8 years. Taking 
an active interest in julitics, he joined the 
Ueinoc. party, and became a favorite .speaker 
at Tammany Hall. In 1834-6 he visited Eu- 
rojK; and Egypt ; and in ls;!7 pnh. " Incidents 
of Travel in Egypt, Arabia I'etraja, and the 
Holy Land ;" winch was followed in 1838 by 
" Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Rus- 
sia, and Poland." Mr. Stephens was in I8.')9 
ajjp. special ambassador to Central America ; 
on his return in 1841 he pub. " Incidents of 
Travel in Central America, Chiapas, and Yu- 
catan." In 1842 he again visited Yucatan, 
and pub. in 1843 another work, entitled "Inci- 
dents of Travel in Yucatan." All his books 
were exceedingly popular ; and his travels in 
Central America and Yucatan have been pro- 
nounced to be the richest contribniion ever 
made by any one man on the subject of Amer! 
can aniiipiities. He was a director of the 
" Ocean Steam Navigation Co.," which estab- 
lished the lirst American line of trans-Atlan- 
tic stcam.shi[)s, and went to Europe as the repre- 
sentative of the company on the trial-tri]) of its 
first ves.sel, " The Washington." The latter 
part of his life was devoted to the construction 
of the Panama Hailroad, of which he was pres- 
ident. Delegate to the State Const. Conv. of 
N.Y. in 1S4G. 

Stephens, Wii,i,iam, gov. of Ga., son. of 
Sir Win. S., lient.-gov. of the Isle of Wight, b. 
there Jan. 2S, lli'l ; d. Ga. Aug. 17.i3. King's 
Coll , Camb. Studied law at the Middle Tem- 
ple, and in IG'Jti was M.I', for New|iort. In 
1712 he was a commissioner of the victualling ; 
he afterward came to Charleston, S.C. ; lieeame 
acquaintc<l with ()glethor|)c, at who.se recom- 
mendation he was, in Aug. 1737, ajip. sec. of 
the trustees in (ia., and in Nov. arrived in Sa- 
vannah. In 1741 he was made prcs. of the 



county of Savannah; and was in 174.1-50 
pres. of the Colony. His journal I7.!7-41 was 
printed in 3 vols. Svo. " The Castle-Iinilders, 
or the History of William Stephens," a very 
rare work, was written bv his son. 

Steptoe, Ei>w.vuD JuNNKii, lieut.-col., b. 
Va. ISIIi; d.nearl-vnehburg, Va., I Apr.l8G"). 
West I'nint (lieut. .id Art.), July, 1837. l)is- 
ting. nniKr Col. Worth in Florida war 1838- 
42 ; assist, instructor of inf. tactics. Military 
Acad., 1842-3; capt. 3 March, 1847; com. 
light hatteiy in Quitman's division in the val- 
ley of Mexico ; brev. major " for gallantry in 
battle of Cerro Gordo," April 18, 1847 ; brev. 
lieut.-col. " for gallantry in battle of Chapul- 
tepec," Sept. 13, Il?47 ; inaj. 9tli Inf. March .3, 
IS.'iS; com. and disting. in conHicts with In- 
dians at the Cascades, Washington Terr., A])r. 
27 and 28, IS.IB ; lieut.-col. 10th Inf. ; resigned 
Nov. I, 18GI. App. gov. of Utah Terr. 18.H, 
but declined. — Ca/lum. 

Sterrett, Andrkw, capt U.S.N. ; d. 
Lima, '.) Jan. 1807. App. lieut. U.S.N. 2.') Mar. 
171)8 ; dist. in action between " The Constella- 
tion " and " L'Insurgente," 9 Feb. 1799 ; and 
1st lieut. in the action with "La Vengeance," 
another French frigate. While in com. of 
" The Enterprise," he caiitnnd " L'Ami de la 
Patrie." Resigned 29 June, 1805. 

Steuben, FuEoiinicK William Augl-s- 
Tus, baron, inaj.-gon. Uevol. army. b. Magdc- 
hnrg, Prussia, i5 Nov. 17.30; d. Stenlienville, 
N.Y., 28 Nov. 1784. Educated at Neisse and 
iJrcslan. At 14 he was a volunteer under his 
father, an otScer of Frederick the Great, at the 
siege of Prague ; disting. at Prague and Ross- 
b.ac!i in 1757; made ailj.-gen. in 1758, and 
wounded at Kunnersdorf; made prisoner in 
17GI, and sent to St. Petersburg, but was soon 
released; in 17G2 app. adj.-gen. on the king's 
start'; was one of the young otlicers under the 
special instruction of Frederick, and after the 
siege of Scliueidnitz, in wliicli he took part, re- 
ceived friiMi ilif king a valuable lay benefice. 
After the >> \. n uilin' w.ar, he retired from tho 
army, ami irn\' llnl with the prince of Hohen- 
zollern Ihikiiigen. wlio in 17G4 app. him grand 
niarshal and gen. of his guard, and made liim 
a knight ot the order of "Fidelity." Leaving 
these olliees, and an income of S3,000 a year, 
at the Miggi'siinii ufCoiuit St. Germain he of- 
fered his .-.rr\ i,-es to the .Vincrlcans, and arrived 
at I'ortsnionlli, N.ll.. in Nov. 1777. Joining 
the army at Valley Forge, he was app. insp,- 
gen. (rank of maj.-gen.) 29 Mar. 1778; was a 
vol. in the battle of Monmouth in June ; per- 
formed important services ; prepared a manual 
of instniclion for the army, which wa'j ap- 
jiroved by Congress in 1779; and introJuccd 
the most thorough disci|ilinc, a change of 
which the nriny stood greatly in ncd, and 
which contribnti'd largely to its nitimite suc- 
cess. In 1780 he com. in Va., and linally in 
the trenches at Yorktown. He fre(|nently 
shared his last dollar with the sufiering sol- 
diers, as he often did his clothing and eani;)- 
ciiuipments a'so. At the close of the war, 
the State of N. J. gave him a .«niall farm ; the 
legisl. of N.Y. gave him 16,000 acres of wild 
land in Oneida Co. ; and the govt, granted him 
an annuity of $2,500. He erected a log- 



STK 



866 



SXE3 



I.ousc ut Stcubenvillc ; (rave a tenth part of his 
land t J hisiiiiles — North, I'opham. luul Walk- 
er — ami hU scn'nnts, and parcelled out the 
nst to 20 ur 30 tenants. A man of ;,'rcttt kind- 
lass and |L:enerosit^', always eliecrful, of ready 
« it, and liij.'lily-]>olislied manners. IJis Life liv 
I". Kapp was puli. X.Y., 18G0: and by !•'. 
liowiMi, Sparks's " Anicr. Biography." 

Steuben, B.vhon Vos, I>. Prussia; killed 
at S|)Oti.sylvania, May 12, 18C4. lie was a 
Prussian oUiier ; came to the U.S., and joined 
the 52 N.Y. Vols.; and was a brave and elli- 
cieiit otiiccr. 

Stevens, Aaron F., M.C. 1867-9, h. Der- 
r_v, N.ll., u Auj;. 1819. Educated at Pinker- 
Ion Ae.id. Cainc to the bar in 1845, and sct- 
lled in Nashua; nienilier State Ic^isl. 1849 <t 
so/.; State solicitor 5 yp-ars. Major 1st N.H. 
Vols. I'^Bl; col. 1862; soiTed through the war ; 
woundcil at Fort llarriaon, Va., in 1864; and 
brev. bri .'adier-freneral. 

Stevens, Abcl, LL.D., Meth. clei^vman, 
b. Phila. Jan. 19, 1815. He studied at the 
Wesl. U., Middleiown, Ct. Settled ii8 pastor 
in Boston in 1834; in 18.37 travelled in Eu- 
rope; until 1840 was stationed in Providence ; 
ivinovcd to Boston in 1840, editin;;/^/o.'i'.< llrr- 
alJ; Went to New York in I !-52, and t dited the 
Xutivniit J/d'/. ; and ill 1;'56 edite<l the Ci'iris- 
thin Adrnrjite and .loiirwil. Dr. S. has pub. 
"Memorials of the Intrudiietion of Methodism 
into the U. S. ; " " Pro;;rcss of Methodism in 
the Eastern States;" "Church Polity; " "The 
IVjaehin;; requin d by the Times ; " " Sketches 
and Inoi jonts, a Budget from the Saddle-Bags 
of an liimrant;" "The Givat lleform ; " 
" IIis;ory of tlie Religious ilovcment of the 
Eighteenth Century. called Methodism ; " " I lis- 
toiy of the M-thodia Church in America," 4 
vols. 1864-7 ; "Centenary of Ainer. Melhod- 
isiii," &e., 1866; "Women of Methodism," 
&e.. 1866. 

Stevens, Alexaxdeb IIodgdo-, M.D. 
(U. of Pa. 1811). LL.D. (N.Y. State U.),prof. 
of surgery, son of Uen. Ebenezer of the Revol. 
anny, b."N.Y. 1789; d. N.Y. City, March 30, 
1869. Y.C. 1807. His mother, a sister of Col. 
Lcdyard, was aunt to the famous traveller, 
Johii. lie studi.-d in Ijond. and Paris in 1812, 
and th<n began |)r.u-tiec in N.Y. City. Fellow 
of the Coll. of Phys. and Surgeons 1813 ; prof, 
of surgery in Quein's (now Rutgers) Coll. 
1314-16 ;'app. visiting surgeon N.Y. Hospital 
in 1817; prof, of surgery Coll. of Phys. and 
Surf;s. I -126-37, of clinical surgery 1838-9; 
again prof, of surgery 1840-4; prcs.of thecoll. 
r843-."i.">; ami einerilus prof, of clinical siirgiry 
from ls44. Pivs. of the State Med. Soc., and 
in 1848 of the Ain-r. Med. Assoc. He puli. 
" Inflammatiou," l.-ll ; "Fungus of the Eye," 
1318; "Clinical Leciiirc' on Injuries," 1^37; 
on "Liihotoiny," 183S; "Medical Education," 
1S43. E lited Coop 'r's " Fir t Lines of Sur- 
gery," 1822, £ vol*. 8vo. — Oliil. lifrord Y.C. 

Stevens, Cen. EBEsr.zr.n, Revol. oflieer, 
h. Boston, 1752; d. 2 Sept. 1823. He was one 
of the famous "Te.i Party" of Boston in Dec. 
1773; .-(ion aftenvard r moved tiR.I. ; com- 
in; fioned a lieut. 8 May, 177.'i; rai.^d two 
co:;i;iaiiie:: of art. and one of nrtilicers for the 
c:. j;e'd. ag-.unat Qiujbci; ; cj)ji. maj. 9 Nov. 1770; 



com. the art. at Ticonderogn and at the battle 
of Stillwater; app. 11 -ut.-col. .30 April, 1778, 
and soon after assigned to Col. Lam!>'s rgt. ; 
was wi.li Lalayette in Va., uiiil at Yorlitown 
was in alt-mate com. of th" art. with I..amb 
and Carriugton. After the w.-.r, he was m.m^ 
years a leading mcrcliant in New York. Be- 
came a maj.-gcn. of milliia, and during the 
war of 1812 sen-cd in defence of N. Y. Ciiy. 
S.vMUEi, his son, a disting. memberof iheN.Y. 
bar, d. N.Y. 24 Nov. 1844, a 00. 

Stevens, Edward, brig.-gen. Revol. ar- 
my, b. Cul|)ipcr Co., Va., 1745 ; d. at his seat 
then- Aug. 17, 1820. At the eommeneem- nt 
of till' war, he com. with distinction a iKUia.ion 
of riliemen at the battle of Great Briil;;.', n^ ar 
Norfolk, Va. ; be was soon after nia<Ie col. of 
the 10th Va. Regt., with wliitli lie joined Wa.-h- 
ington ; and at the battle of nnindywine (Sept. 
1 1, 1777), liy his gallant excrtions'saved a part 
of the anny fniin captiin', elu'cki'd the eu -my, 
andseennd the ntreat; he also disting. hiuLse'lf 
at Cierinantown, and, l*ing ni.:<le a Irrig.-gcn. 
of Va. militia, lough' at Camden, .ilso at Guil- 
foril Court House, where his skilful di.'|)Osi- 
tious Were extremely sen'iceable to the army, 
and where, though se\en'ly wonndid in tlio 
thigh, he brought olT his troops in good order, 
tien. Gn-ene hstowed on him inarki'il com- 
mendation. At Yurktov.n he iK-rfonned i.n- 
portant duties ; and all through the war pos- 
sessed a large sltire of the respect and conli- 
denee of Washington. Member of the State 
senate from tl^- foundation of the State const, 
until 1790. — AV/fTs. 

Stevens, Geouce JI., brig.-gen. C.S.A., 
b. Mel.; killed near Atlanta, Ga., 20 July, 1864. 

Stevens, IIexhv, bibliographer, son of 
Henrv (1791-1867, first prs. of the Vt. Hist. 
Soe.)' b. Stevensvill.', Vt., Aug. 24, 1819. Y.C. 
1843. Since 1845 he has rcsid. d in London, 
cn.'aged in eolleetin,'' rare and vuliiab e liouks, 
adding to the collection of Amir, books in the 
British Museum, and enriching Ainer. lilirarics. 
He has pub. "Historical Nuggets; "" Rare 
Books ivlating to America," 2 vols. 1862; 
" Catalogue of Amer. Books in the Biit. Mu- 
seum," 8vo, 1859; "Hist, and Gi ograpbieal 
Notes on the Earliest Diseovi ries in Aniei iea," 
1869; and many catalogues of i rivate lil.niries. 
He has also mad ■ indexes of historical paixra 
for several of the .States, compiled from the 
rceonls in the English Stato-papcr olHec. — 
AllHtonr. 

Stevens, Ge\. Isaac Inqall«, b. Ando- 
Ter, Ms., 25 Mar. 1818; killed in battle of Chaii- 
tilly, Va., 6 Sept. 1862. West Point, 1RJ9 (first 
in hi- class). "Entering the cngrs., he was made 
Ist lieut. 1840; ailj. in 1847-8; att;u-lied lo 
Scott's stall' in Mexico, and brev. eapt. and 
m.\i. for Contieras, Cbiiruluisco, anil Cliapul- 
tepec ; and was scveri'ly woundid in the attack 
of the San Cosmc Gate of the eapi.al, and pro- 
nounc' d by his general the most pix)iiii-iiig oUl- 
eerof his age. Attached to the coast-survey at 
W.ishingion. On the accession of Pii ae, his 
pers-.inal friend, to the pnaid ncy, he resigned, 
and wa.s mnd" gov. of Washington Terr., and 
placed in cbargi' of the sun-ey of the route for 
the North Piicific R.R., a narrative of which he 
pub. 1 le determined the fcasilility of the route 



867 



STK 



for a railroad, established the practicabiUtv of 
navi ating the Upper Mo. and Columbia iRiv- 
tr.i by steam, and negotiated several treaties 
with the Indians. Ho also suppressed an In- 
dian war, and resigned in Aug. 1857. He was 
v.oiindjJ in a reneonntorwifh Chief Justice Lan- 
d r. and hi~ action was disapproved bv the govt. 
jr.C. for Wash. Terr. 18.57-61 ; member Nat. 
Democ. conventions at Charleston and Balti- 
more; support"d the nomination of Breekcn- 
ridgo for t'.ie presidency ; and was chairman of 
the 13 reek. exec, committee, but, when secession 
bi-canie imminent, strongly advised the pres. 
to dismiss secretaries Floyd and Thompson. 
Hade col. 79th N.Y. Ilighl.anderg, 30 Julv, 
1861 ; brig-gen. vols. 23 Sept. 1S61 ; mej.-gen. 
4 July, 1 862. He com. nnder Sherman in the 
Port-Royal cxped. ; attacked, and with the aid 
of guiilwats carried, the Confed. batteries on 
the Coosaw in Jan. 1862; com. the principal 
column in the nnsuccessl'ul attack on Seces- 
fionville, S.C., 16 June, 1862; was subsequently 
attached to Gen. Pope's command ; had charge 
of a division in the series of battles fonght by 
that gcncr.il in V'a. ; fought gallantly at the 
second Bull-run battle ; and fell while bearing 
aloft the colors of one of his regts., cheering it 
on. lie pub. in 1851 " Campaigns of the Kio 
Grande and Mexico, with Remarks on the 
Iv cent Work of Major Ripley." 

Stevens, Jons, inventor, b. Xew York, 
1740; d. Hoboken, N.J., 1838. In 1787 he 
1 ecaui ' interested in steamboats from seeing 
thi'.t of John Fitch, and experimented for near 
SO years. In 1789 he petiiioned the N.Y. 
Icgis!. for a grant of the exclusive navigation 
of the wati'rs of that State, without success. 
I 1 1804 he built a propeller, a small open boat 
worked by steam, with such success, that he 
built t!ie steamboat " Phoenix," completed soon 
after " The Clermont " was finished by Ful- 
ton. Th^ latter having the exclusive right for 
Hudson River, Mr. S. placed his Ijoats on the 
Delaware and Connecticut.' In 1812 he pub. 
a remarkable pamphlet, urging the govt, to 
make experiments in railways traversed liy 
steam-carriages ; and if feasible, proposed the 
construction of such a railway from Albany 
to Lake Erie. 

Stevens, Capt. PnixE-iS, b. Sudbury, 
Ms.; d. Charlestown, N.H., 1756. His fath' r 
r.ioved to Rutland, N.H., whence, at the age of 
16, he was carried prisoner to Canada. In 
1746 he vohmteered in an cxped. against Can- 
ada ; was afterwards ordered to th<' frontif i-s ; 
and at"Numljer 4 "made a gallant del' nee 
against the French and Indians in March, 1747. 
For his br.ivery on this occasion he was pre- 
sented with a valnable sword by Commodore 
Knowles, and continued in com. of the ibrt 
nnlil 1750. Sent to Canada by Gov. Shirley 
in 1749, he left a journal of his vi it printed in 
N.II, Hist. Colls., v. \90. — O'C(illf!:ih'in. 

Stevens, Rohert Livingston, inventor, 
b. Hoboken, N..L, 1788; d. there 20 Apr. 
18.56. Son of John the inventor. The son 
p.t ihc age of 20 built a steamboat with con- 
cave water-lines, the llrst application of the 
wave-lino to ship-building ; adopted a new 
mthodof bracing and liast'.ning steamboats; 
ia 1318 discovered ihe utility of employing 



steam expansively, and using anthracite coal 
for fuel in steamers; in 1822 substituted the 
skeleton wrought-iron for the heavy cast-iron 
walking-beam; in 1824 applied artificial blast 
to the boiler-furnace, and in 1 827 the hog-fi-amo 
to boats to prevent th'.in from l)onding at the 
centre. He also invented the T-rail. About 
1816 he commenced steam femage between 
N.Y. City and the Jersey shore. A projector 
of the Ca\nden and Amboy Rr.ilroad, ami 
many years pros, of the company. About 1 8 1 .5 
invented an improved bomb for the naval ser- 
vice ; commissioned by govt, in 1C42 to bull 1 
an immense steam-battc rj' for the defence of 
N.Y. harbor, left unfinished at the lime of his 
death. 

Stevens, Tuaddeus, political leader, b. 
Peaeham, Vt., Apr. 4, 1793 ; d. Washington, 
D.C., Aug. 11,1868. Dartm. Coll. 1814. His 

Earents were poor. He was sickly and lam.' ; 
ut his mother toiled v.i.h all her' strength to 
secure for bim an education. lie wr.s ambi- 
tious, and tiinied his scanty opportunities to 
such good account, that he succeeded in quali- 
fying himself for college. Inmediatcly al'icr 
leaving Dartmouth, he moved to York, Pa., 
where he taught school. Studi- d Ir.w ; was 
adm. to the bar in 1816; and was for many 
years an eminent practitioner in Gettysburg. 
In 1828 he entered the political arena, taking 
sides with the Adams party, and becoming an 
active Whig. He was several years in the 
legisL between 1&33 and '41 ; in U-37 he v.as 
a member of the State Const. Conv., taking 
an active part in all important debates, but, 
being hostile to slavery, refused to sign the 
constitution because it restricted sull'rage on 
account of color. After the adoption of the 
constitution, he was a leading spirit in one of 
the two legislatures in session at the same liinc ; 
but thi\v finally coalesced v.ithoiit violence. 
Canal commiss. in 1838. In 1842 he remove;! 
to Lancaster, took a front rank at the bar, ai:d 
was devoted to his profcsion until 1848, when 
he was elected to Congress, and ardently op- 
posed the repenl of th? Mo. Compromise, the 
fugitive-slave law, and the Kansas-Nebraska 
bill. He was again in Congress from 1853 to 
his death, and was a reeOL'nized leader. Dur- 
ing 3 sessions he was chaiiman of the impor- 
tant com. of ways and means, and was cliaii- 
raan of the com. on reconstruction of the 39t!i 
and 40th Congresses. He was also chairman 
of the board of managers in the impeachm' nt 
of President .Tohnson ; member of the Bal'.i- 
morc convention in 1864. Thoroughly radical 
in his views, hating slaveiy with all the intensi- 
ty of his nature, believing it just, right, and e-:- 
pedient not only to eman<ipate, but to arm, the 
negro, and moke him a soldier, and, niter the 
war, to make him a citizen and give hi:n 
the ballot, he led oif in all measures lor ell'ec"- 
ing th'se ends. The Emancipation Proclama- 
tion was urged upon the Pres. by him on a 1 
grounds of riglit, ji}Stice, rnd expediency; the 
14th Amendment to the Constitution was ini- 
tiated av.d pressed by him. He advocaled and 
c;iiTied, ditri'Jgthe war, acts ofeonliM'ation, and 
proposi'd the most rigid and stem measuris 
against the instigators and i)romotcrs of thu 
Kcbeilion to the last d;y of his life. 



8TE 



868 



8TK 



Stevens, Capt. Tdomas IToldip, U S.X., 

b Cli;irl ■ston, S.C., 179.1; d. Wa>l>in^'ton, 
D.C'.. Jan. 2i, 1S41. WUiU- an innmlo and 
papil of tlio or|>lian a^vliiin in CharL-^ton, 
(nil. Stovons of that city Kvamc iniirvst. d in 
him, prwuR-d him i\ niiilsliiirtnan's warr.ini in 
IS0>, and in 1515 h.- ad.Kii by U-^u^l. onannK'Ut 
thi- name of SteTcns to that of I loldup. Lioui. 
July 24, 1813; mast, r com. M.ir. 3, 1C25; 
capt. Jan. 27, 1S36. In 1812 ho voluntct-nd 
for lake scnico. In Dec. he acconip. a jwity 
who stonnwl a battery at Black Uock in ihc 
ni^'ht, in whiih he nxtivcd a cani#icr.#hot 
throo;;h the right hand, impairing its use for 
lile. In Apr. 1S13 h- took charge of fitting 
and rL-^ng the squadrvm at die. In the ac- 
tion of Sept. 10 he com. the sloop '• Trippi'," 
fon^ht bravely against the rear of th- cneniv's 
line, and, in the pursuit which foUowi'd, aiJed 
in con<nierin2t and bringing hiick tv.o of the 
enemy's vessels. In the sumnier of 1S14 he 
was ist licut. of " The Xiagar.i." ami subse- 
quently ix>m. dill'en-ni vessels, lie was chiv- 
alrou<, g.'nerous, and heroic, and possessed 
considiT.ible lit rary talent. 

Stevens, Tuom.ks U., capt. U.S.X., b. 
Ct.. Mav 27, 1S19. Son of the pnvcding. 
Miilsbipin. Dec. 14, 1836; licut. May 10. 184U; 
com. July IC, 1862 ; capt. July 25, 1^66. Com. 
steamer "Ottawa" at battle of Tort Royal, 
Nov. 1861 : in various engagements in Kloriila 
in Mar and Apr. 18l"i2: imui. steamer " Mar.i- 
tanzi>" in battle of West I'oint. May t. 1862 ; 
capture of Confcd. gunl>oat " Teasir ; " com. 
steamer '• Sonoma," \V. I. squad., 1862; com. 
irvmclad " Palapsco " in cngauvuunt with Fort 
Wagner (Aug. 22, 1863). with Fort Moultrie 
and batteries (Aug. 31 and S<-pt. 7 and 8|; 
com. lioat-assault on Fort Sumter, ni;^ht of 
Sept. 8. 1863; com. "Oneida" in oiierations 
before Mobile; aiul in battleof Mobile Hay, niul 
capture of Confiil. fUvt (.\ug. 5. 18641 and 
capture of Fort Morgan, ct>m. monitor " Win- 
nebai:o." The gjdlautry, coolnes*. and coniluet 
of this otficcr have won" for him the lughe.-t en- 
comiums. — W<l»«r,.7y. 

Stevens, Gen. W.h.ti;r H.. b. New York 
ab. 1827 : d. IlK-rville, La., Dec. 1867. West 
Point, I84S. Entering the engineers, he lie- 
came 1st licut. July, 1835, and was disni. 2 
M.ay, 1861 ; on the staff of lien. Bragg as 
eng. oflieer, had the niuk of brig.-geii. ; and *ur- 
rcnderwl at Appomattox C. II. Apr. 9. 1865. 
Chief en;;r. of the raiinwul (mm Vei-a Cruz to 
Ml \ieo li r some time Kforv his death. 

Stevens, Wilium b.^con. d.d., M.D. 

(Damn. Coll. 18'18). I.I..D., i-onsec. bishop of 
I'a, Jan. 2, 1862. b, Bath, Me., 1813. Ord 
deacon and prii-st Prot.-F.p. Church 1844 ; and 
prof, bclles-lettn-s and nion)l philos. U. of Ga. ; 
rector of St. Andrew's. Phila., 1848-62; prof, 
of liturgies in Euis. Divinity School, Fhila., 
1862. He has pub. " Discourse Ix-fore the Ga. 
Hijt. SiH-ietv," Feb. 12, 1841; "History of 
Georgia to 1 797," 2 vols. 8vo. 1 847-59 ; " I'ara- 
blcs of the N. Test.." 185#; "Consolation;" 
" Home Serviix- ; " " The Ixinl's Dav : " The 
Ta-t and IV-scnt of St. Andr»-w\«," 1838; 
auil sennons. He nlited the " Ga. Hi...t. ColU." 
vols. i. and ii., and pub. many tracts and jwpcrs 
in ]>eriodieals. — AiiOoiit. 



Stevenson, .\ndkkw, statesman, b. Cut 
[Kinr Co., \a., 1784 ; il. Blenheim. AlUiuarlc 
Co., Va , June 23, 1837. I'lvuniuent at the 
l«ir. In 1804 he lnvaUH- a UM-mluT of the Va. 
K'gisl., and al>erwar\l> -in-uLer ; .M.C.in 1821- 
31, and in 1827-.'l4 wa> >|>i-aker; miuisior to 
Eng. in 18.36-41 ; he de\otiil hiuiM'If. on his re- 
turn, elmtly to agricultural pursuits and to the 
inten-sts of the Va. I'nivirsiiy, of which insiitu- 
tion he was a nvtor at the time of his diath. 

Stevenson, John W., statesman, son of 
.Vudnw. b. Hiehmond. Va., ab. I(il9. l'. of 
Va. lie settliM at l'o>ington. Ky.. in 1841 ; 
practistil law with success ; in the Ky. li-gi--I. 
in 1845-7 ; a leader in the State Cout. Conv. 
iu 1 849 ; nicmU'r of the Dciihh-. Xat. Conv. of 
1848, '52, aiul "50; M.l'. 1837-61; acting gxjv. 
of Ky. 1867-8 ; g\>v. 1868-72 ; oiu- of tliceoin- 
mis.-ioners to ri'viso the cvkIc of Kentucky. 

Stevenson, gen. Thom.vs g., b. liosion, 

I83G ; killi'J lu-ar Si«>ttsylvania, Va.. Mav 10, 
18i>4. Sou of lion. J. Thomas. Early c^ uiccd 
a tiuste for military life, and was major 4th 
batt. Ms. Inf. when' the Rebellion begad. He 
had a high reputation as a drill-master, and 
trained a large numlxT of young men since 
honorably disting. in tlie tiei'd. He raised tho 
24lh liogt.. [lariicipating as its col. in tho 
ca])ture of Roanoke Island and Xewl<cm ; suc- 
cessfully defendrtl Washington, X.C. ag;)inst 
superior forces of the enemy ; K-d a brig-adc in 
the movements on Kinston ; brig.-gvn. IK'C. 
27. 1862; and in the following summer aided 
in the rwluction of Morris Island and iu th» 
assault on Fort Wagner, He was in coin, of 
the 1st div. 9th corps when he fell. 

Stewart, ALL.\.\XDiiB. a Briii.sh gen. ; d. 
Die. 1794. App. ca|)t. 37th Foot 29 June, 
1761 ; maj. Aug. 1771 ; lii-ut.-col. 3d (llulfs) 
7 July, 1775; col. 16 May, 1780; inaj.-gen. 23 
Apr. 1790. In May, 1781, he suecectlol to tlie 
ciun. of the British' lorces iu .'S.C., and Sept. 8, 
1781, fought at Eutaw, aguinst Grvrne, the last 
kittle of the .\mer. Revol., which ivsnltcd in 
his rv'treat to Ch.irh'slou. 

Stewart, ■\i tx.tNi>ER T.. a leading mer- 
chant ol New V>>rk. of Scvileh-lrish paivntage, 
b. near Belfast, Irx land, ab. 1 f 0;t. Ijlucati<l at 
Trin. Coll.. Dublin. Came to N.V. City in 
1 823 ; taught school for a brief period ; then 
established a retail drv-goods store on Broad- 
way ; in 1 848 lie erecti-d his large marlJe struc- 
ture (on ChamUTs St.and Uivadwayl.andha! 
acquireil great wealth by imlnstry. enterprise, 
aiiu sagacity NominatiHl sec. of the I'.S. 
treasury by' I'rcs. Crant in Mar. 1869, bul 
found ineligible by the I'.S. sinate. In 1847, 
during the Iri-h faniine. Mr. Stewart chartered 
a ship, which be fillol with provi-iuus. and sent 
as a gil't to laland. A stnnuous u]>holdcr 
of the I'nion during the Rebellion, ami strong- 
ly idcntiliiM with the Uepub. party, lit was 
one of the Amcr. repivscntativi-s at tlie Paris 
ExiKisilion of 1867. 

Stewart, Cihrlks. rear-admiral V.S.N., 
b. of Irish ]«mnts. Pliila., July IS. 1778; d. 
Bonlentown, N. J., Nov. 7. 1869. At the ngc 
of 13 he cntcriM the mcnhant-s^Tvii-e, in whiib 
he rose from the situation of cabin-boy to the 
cimi. of an Indiaman. Marvh 9, 1798. ho 
was commissioned a licut. in the navy ; in 



869 



STI 



Julv, 1801, was app. to the coin, of the schoon- 
er " ICx|M;nment,' and cruised in the West 
Indies, where lie rendered etlieient service; 
Sept. 1 he captured the French schooner " Uciix 
Amis" (of 8 guns), and soon alter " The Ui- 
aiKi " (of 14 ^'uns), besides recapturinj,' a num- 
li'-r of Aimriean vessels which had lurii taken 
liy French |irivateei-s. In 180J. :l< lir^t oliicer, 
lie joined the frigate " Constellation," which 
had liecn ordered to the Mediterranean to block- 
ade Tripoli ; and on his return, after one year's 
cruise, was placed in com. of the brig " Siren ; " 
in this vessel he was engaged in the exped. 
sent to destroy the frigate "Philadelphia" 
(Feb 16, 1804), and subsequently in the block- 
ade and siege of Tri])oli. For liis services in the 
boinbardmeut of Aug. 3, 1804, he received the 
thanks of Com. Preble in General Orders. 
I'lomoted to be master com. May 19, 1804, he 
was placed in com. of the frigate " Kssc.x," 
which joimd the squadron in Tunis Bay, and 
snb^cquently took com. of the frigate" Constella- 
tion ; Apr. 22, ISOG, he was made capt., and 
was employed in superintending the construc- 
tion of gunboats at New York; in Dec. 1812 
Capt. Stewart was again app. to " The Con- 
stellation," and proceeded to Hampton Roads, 
where he assisted in defending Norfolk and 
Craney Island from the attacks of the enemy ; 
in Dec. 181.3 he sailed in com. of frigate 
"Constitution," in which, in Feb. 1815, he 
foil in with the British ships of war, " The 
Cyano " of 34, and " The Levant" of 21 guns, 
and captured them after a sharp conflict of 40 
minutes. "The Levant" was subsequently 
retaken by a British squadron ; but " The 
Constitution " cscape<I with her other prize to 
St. Jago. On his return to America he was 
received with the highest honors. The legisl. 
of Pa. presented hira with a gold-hilted sword ; 
and a gold medal was ordered to be struck by 
Congress. He com. the Medit. squadron from 
1317 to 1820, when he took com. of thePacilic 
fleet. On his return home, he was tried by a 
court-martial, but was honorably acvpiitted. 
Member of the board of navy commiss. 1830- 
3, and in 1837 succeeded Barron in com. of 
the navy-yard at Phila. In 1857 he was placed 
on the reserved list on account of his advanced 
a^c; but in March, 1859, he was replaced on 
the active list by special legislation ; July 16, 
1862, he was made a rear-adm. on the retired 
list. He rendered important service in the 
organization of the navy, and submitted to the 
d<pt. many valuable papers on the subject. A 
Memoir of Stewart was pub. Phila., 8vo, 1836. 

Stewart, Cor,. Chakles, Uevol. officer; d. 
N..J. 24 July, 1800. He was an active and 
influential soldier and patriot. Member of the 
first N.J. coiiv. that issued a decl. of rights 
against the aggressions of the crown ; member 
of its first Prov. Congress ; col. of its first regt. 
of minute-men ; col. of its 2d regt. of the line ; 
anil from 1776 to the close of the war was 
commis.-gcn. of issues. 

Stewart, Ciiaiii.es James, D. D. (Oxf. 
ISI 7), Prot.-Ep. bishop of Quebec from Jan. 1, 
1826, to his d. Lond., Julv 13, 1837, b. A|>ril 
13,1775. Sonof the Earlof Galloway. M.A. 
of Oxford U. 1799. Rector o( Orion, near 
Peterborough, 8 years ; app. to the mission of 



St. Armand, in the Eastern Townships, C.E. ; 
in 1819 app. visiting missionary to the diocese 
of QiicIkc. Author of " Short View of Eastern 
Tovvii~lii|>s ill L.C.." 8vo, 1817. — Sf.e Life lij 
/;,r. ./. X. Xw Ion, lSb9. 

Stewart, Ciiabli;s Samuel, D.D. (U. of 
N.y. 1863), cleigyman, b. Flemington, N. J., 
i795; d. Coupers'town, N.Y., 14 Dec. 1870. 
N.J. Coll. 1815. Grandson of Col. Charles, 
and son of Samuel Itobert, counselloi-at-la«-. 
He studied law at Litchfield ; then studied at 
Princeton Theol. Sem. ; and was onl. an evan- 
gelist and missionary to the Sandwich Islands 
in 1822. An account of his residence in the 
Sandwich Islands in 182.3-5 was pub. by h;iii 
in 1828. Returning home in 1826, he travelled 
and preached extensively in the Northern 
Stales, advocating the cause of missions. App 
a chaplain U.S.X. in Nov. 1828, the result of 
his first cruise was his " Visit to the South 
Seas in 1829-30," 2v ols. 1831. He also pnb. 
" Brazil and La Plata," 8vo, 1856; and 2 vols, 
of " A Tour through England, Scotland, and 
Ireland, in 1832." He held the chaplaincy of 
the naval station at New York, where he edited 
the X(wnl MatiaziiK, in 1836-7. His wife, 
Harriet Br.idfofd (Tifl^iny) (b. Stamford, Ct., 
June 24, 1798; m. June 3, 1822), embarked 
for the Sandwich Islands with her husbamr and 
other missionaries, Nov. 19, 1822, d. Sept. 
1830. His son CuAiiLES S. graduated at 
West Point (first in class) 1846, and is now a 
lieiit.-col. in the corps of cngrs. ' 

Stewart, }!lA.roB Jons, Revol. officer, b. 
Ireland ; killed by a fall from his horse near 
Charleston, S.C. Bro.-in-law of Gen. Wayne, 
and for his gallantry in the storming of Stony 
Point was awarded n gold medal by Congress. 
He com. a corps of light inf., and 31 Aug., 
1778, had a severe engagement at Indian Field 
with Col. Emmcrick's command of Tories and 
Indians. A John iStewarf was com. lieut.<'Ol. 
1st .Md Regt. 10 Feb. 1781. 

Stewart, or Stuart, Gen. Philii-. Revol. 
officer, b. Va. 1760; d. Washington, D.C., U 
Aug. 18.30. He was an officer of Baylor's 
Diagoous. and was disting. in Col. Washing- 
ton's cavalry at Eutaw, where he led the for- 
lorn hope, and fell covered with wounds. M.C. 
from Md. 1811-19. 

Stewart, RonEUT M., gov. Mo. 1857-61, 
b. Tnixtoir, Cortland Co., N. Y., 12 March, 
1815; d. St. Joseph, Mo., 21 Sept. 1871. 
When a boy, he emig. to Ky., and in 1838 to 
Mo., settling in Buchanan Co. He was 10 
years a member of the State senate, and a iiiein- 
ber of the State Const. Conv. of 1845. F.iiier- 
ing the Union army in 1861, ill-health pre- 
vented him from remaining in the service. An 
efficient promoter of railroads. 

Stewart, Gen. Waltkk. Revol. officer, b. 
Ireland. Aide-de-camp to Gen. Gates, and 
col. 13tli Regt. (Pa.) in 1777, and honorably 
disting. himself ill the service. He was one of 
the handsomest men of his day, and in., 11 
Aiiril, 1781, Deborah, dau. of Blair McClen- 
Hclian. He enjoyed the esteem and fiieiidship 
of Washington, and, after the war, resided in 
Philadelphia. 

Stiles, Ezra, D.D. (Edinb. 1765), LL.D 
(N.J. Coll. 1784), clergyman and scholar, b 



SXI 



STO 



STI 



N'orili Hiivcn, Cl., Oc-c. 15, 1:27; .1. Nl>v 
U.viii May 12, 1795. YC. 1746; tiit.>rl749- 
Sj. His ):riiiiiirutlier was lir<iii;:lit nii inl'aiii lu 
X E. in li>.14. His fiiihcr Isaac «a- iniiiii'ter 
01 Nirih H ivtii. K<r.i was liccnsnl. and 
11 eailiLvl hi'i rirst itiTinon in June. 1749. Ur. 
t rank. ill li iviii;; svnc an elocirical iip|mi'aius lo 
Yali', Mr. Stilus, witU one of his fillow-tiitors, 
enii'iL''lzi-alun>ly n|nin tliis new ficlUol siienre, 
i.\id |iorf-irnie<l the lii>; elci-tiical cxpcrimenw 
cviT made in New ICn:;laml. In Apr. 1750 he 
iiri'ai'iied 10 the Stotkhiid^ Indians. II!- 
Iii'iilili ami rv'!i};i>>nsdi>nbu caused liim to bc^in 
ikc siady of law in 1752. Mr was adm. lo llic 
bar ill 175), and practised at N. Haven 2 years. 
In I'Vb. 1755 he iirononnced a Latin oration 
ill honor id Dr. Franklin on occaMon of his 
visitin:,' New Haven, and was on intiiiiale 
terms with him till his death; in April, 1755, 
he was invited to prcacli at Newport, and soon 
alter lieeaine settled there permanently, having 
conquered his thcoloj;ie.i! doubts; in 1777, 
while a resident of Portsmouth, whither he re- 
moved on the British occupation of Newjiort, 
be was a second time invited to the pres. of 
Yale Coll., which he accepted, and entered 
apon June 2.3, 1778, lillin;; this post till his 
death. Alter the death of Prof. Daj-p-'tt in 
178t), he discharjj^'d the duties of prof, of divin- 
ity, besides giving each week one or two disser- 
Uilions on philos. or iisironomieal subjects. Dr. 
Stiles 'was an inddatigable student, acquti-i'd 
many Orient.M lan<;ua^cs, corresp. with the 
Jc-uits on the );eo^raphy of California, with 
Gn'ck bishops on the physical formation o( Pal- 
estine and the adjacent countries, and uddn'ssed 
scicniilie and pbilulogical queries to travellers 
from remote iv;;ions. Dr. Stiles was, un- 
doubtedly, one of the iiurescand licst-gil'ied men 
of his a;:e. Une ot his daughters m. Kev. 
Abicl Holmes, bv whom his Life was written 
and pub. in 179S. His Lifo by Prof. Kin;:>ley 
is in the second scries of Sparks's Collection. 
Uis chief literarv proiliiclions are his " Historv 
of Three of the Ju<La3 ot Kin? Charles I..'' 
1794 ; " Account of the Settlement ot Urisio," 
1785; a liiiicral oration on iiov. Law, 1751; 
and on his re-elect iou lo his office of president, 
1778, ill Latin. Ucwroto many addrx-s^cs «nd 
sermons. One of the latter is an able plea lor 
the union of various N. England denomina- 
tions. Siiles's Diary and bound roaniiseripis, 
prescrviHl at Yale, iill 45 vols., and include 
numerous iin|K>rtant details of the Revol., of 
which he was an early and consluni |>romoler. 
" A Kainily Tablet," Boston, 12ino, 1796, con- 
tains po"ms by the Stiles family. 13 are by 
Mi-s iviitli Stiles ("Louisa"), who m. Ucv. 
Caleb IJatincti ; 3. .-i^;iied " Euitenio," are bv 
Dr. Ezra Stiles, jun.. who d N.C Auj;. 22. 
17?4; 8arebv Mar) (• .Mvra ") ; and 16arebv 
her hnsluind.'Uev. Ai.icl llolmcs (" Mvron")! 
Stiles, HhSRY Klki.. M.D. (U. of NY. 
1855), lii.M. writer, b. X Y. City 10 Mar. 18.-)2. 
PracIi^ed ined. in (iaiena. III.; now (1871) in 
Brooklyn, NY. Ha« pub " llistoryof Ancient 
Wiiid.-or, Ct.." 8v.i. 1859; also a 'Mipplement 
to the same, 8vo, 18lVI ; •• Stiles'sGencab-jjv," 
I8G3; "Historv ol Bnniklyii, N.Y.," 3 vols. 
8vo. 186'>-70,' "Bundliiic' its I (rifin." ie., 
liiuj, 1SG9, "Autobiog of Thos. Dou-lu-," 



l2mo, 1856 lie his iiliti-d '• The WnllalKMi 
I*ris<iii-Shi,i," " Uevol AdventuR-sof Eb. Ko.\," 
" .Vndri'w Sherburne's Memoirs," and '• Prison- 
ship Narrative," and ha> edite<l as well as con- 
trili. to the .V. J". //.«(. Maijaziiif. 

Stiles, \ViLi.iAM H., (lolitician and nnthnr, 
b. Savannah. (Ja. ; d. there Dw. 20, 1865. He 
became a lawyer in Savannah in 18^)1 ; was 
soliciior-^'cn. of ihe eastern dist. of Ga. in 
18.Jt-6 ; M. C. 184-3-5 ; and was eh'injf 
dujitirrs to Austria 1845-9. Scrvol as a 
col. in the Conled. army. Author of " A His- 
torv of Austria in 1848-9." 

Still^, Alkred. .M D. |U of Pa. 18.36), h. 
Phil.i. 1813. U. of Pa. 18.32. Studied also in 
Europe. Res. |ihysician Pbila. Hospital 18.36, 
Pa. Hospital 18-39-41 ; lecturer on patholo;.-v 
and prac. of nie<l. lo Pliilu. .V.«soc. lor MeJ. 
Instruction 1844-50; physician to St. Jo-epb's 
Hosp. 1849; prof, ol tiie<irv and prnc. of mcd. 
ill Pa. Med. Coll. 1854-9,' and in U. of Pa. 
since June 20, 1864. He has pub. " Medical 
Instruction in the U.S.," 8vo. 1845; "Ele- 
ments of Patholo;;y," 1849 ; " Keport on .Med. 
Literature," 195;); "Unity of Medicine," 
1856; "Humboldt's Life and Char.." IS59; 
" Therapeuti.s," 2 vols. 8vo, .3d ed., 1868; 
" War OS an Element of Civilization," 1862; 
" Epidemic Meningitis," 1867. Contrib. to 
mcd. and sun;, journals. — AllHioat. 

Stilld, Cu.VRl£S J.VNEWAT, LL.D., b. 
Phila. 1819. Y.C. 1839. Prof, of En-, lit., 
U. of Pa., May 1, 1966, and pivvost of tlie 
same, Sept. 1868. Author ol "Mow n Fn-a 
People conduct a I.oni: War,"lS62; " Nonh- 
em Intcr.-st and Southern Iiulc[iondence," 
1963; "Hist. Development of Aiu:r. Civiliza- 
tion," an addniss at Y.C, July 29, ie63j "Hist. 
U.S. Sanif.irv Com.," 8vo, 1S6G; "Memoir of 
Ucv. Wiu. Sinith, D.D.," 1869. — JWo-x. 

Still^, MouETiiN, M.D.. physici;>D aod 
author, b. Phila. Oct. 27, 1822 ; 'd. Sa-.-atogn, 
N.Y., Au-. 20, 1 55. U. of Pa. 1844. Uis 
ancestor Olof Pcrxin S.tUe came with the 
first Swedish colony to the hanks ol th ■ Del. 
in 16.)9. lie U'jBin his medical studi <i wi h 
his bro. Alfred, and, afUr s|Hiiilin<; 3 vcars in 
Euixipe, settled in practice in Phila. m 1847. 
Ri^ident pliys. Pa. Uosjiital 1S4S-9; ivvi.-itcd 
Euro;M' in '.850-2; and in M.ir. 1955 wis npp. 
Icctunriii the Pbila. A-s*k-. lor M d. In-tnie- 
tion. Besides many contributions to iiivd. 
joumjUs, he was joint author with Mr. Whar- 
ton of a valuabl ■ tn'iiiisc on mod. jurispra- 
dciue. — 0'r(»s,«'s .!/< li U'Oij. 

Staiman, S.vmiui, D.D. (B.U. 1788), 
Baptist elcn,:vman, b. Phila. Feb. 27, 1737; 
d. Boston, March 12, 1807. In 1749 hi- p.ir- 
ents removeil to CharK'Ston, <S.C. ; and he re- 
ceived his cdiieation at an acad. in that ci"v. 
He prinjcluni bis first ,*,'nnon, Feb. 17, 17.58; 
was orj. Ch.irleston, Feb. 26, 1759 ; scitUd ut 
James Island, but soon iv'tumed to Pliiia., 
wh' ro he in. Hannah, dau> of Evan Mor^mn. 
Ill-health ocea-ioiKil hi; rciiH>Mil to Borden- 
town, N..I., in 1760, whenci-, 2 years afrcrwanls, 
be came to Boston. After Udng one year an 
assist, at ih ■ SiTond Baptist Church, lie was 
installed minister of the First, Jan. 9, 1765, 
where he contiiuu-d till his death I'rom a [isira- 
lytic shock. Mr. Stillman soon became onu 



STI 



871 



sxo 



of the mo't popular pulpit-oraior; of hi- ilay, 
and coniiil'iiR'il powcrtully lo the oausu of 
]ibt_'rty Ity liis pairiulic tliscoursf:?. lie was a 
(lil.-ato'tii the U.S. Const. Conv. in 1" ^8, and 
« a^ a il cided Whij^, and a Federalist of tlio 
■VV.i.shinjjton school. He was a,-tivo in the 
iniire.-.ts of Brown U., and his nam" npp?ars 
in th-actof incorporation 176J. AMenioirhy 
his son-in-law Thomas Gray, D.D., is ))re(ix<'.d 
to a vol. of occasional sorr.ioni pu!>. in 1803. 
Amoni; his puh. discourses are, " On the Re- 
peal of the Stamp Act," 17C6; " Fonr Dis- 
course.;," 1763; "Ancient and Hon. Art. S r- 
inon," June 4, 1770 ; " Election S -nnon," May 
■26, 1779; "Masonic Dis. at Charles own," 
Jnne 24, 1785 ; " Oration," July 4, I7S9, Bos- 
ton; "On the Death of Mary'Stillnian," his 
mo;lier. 176<; "Hon. Samuel Ward," lief. Con- 
^Tss, Mar. 26, 1776; "Nicholas Brown of 
Trov.," Mav 31, 1791 ; " Washington," 1800; 
" Uev. II. Smich," Haverhill, Jan. 31, 1805.— 

a,w<ii. i;,>i.,ix. 78. 

Stirling, Lord. — See Alexaxder, Wm. 

Stirling, Si it Thomas, of -Vrdoeh, a Brit- 
ish !;en. : d. 9 May, 1-08. He obtained liis 
capraiuey in July, 1757, in the 42d, or Royal 
Hii;lilaiid Rejrt., which acconiri. AUcreromhie 
in 1 75-, and Amherst in 1759, in thir respec- 
tive ex|)cds. on Lakes George and Ch:implain; 
was afterwards detailed to .assist at the si'ire of 
JCiaijara, and acconip. Aniherat from Oswego 
to Montreal in 17G0; in 1765 Capt. Stirling 
iv.as stationed at Fort Chartres in 111., and 
returned to Phila. in June, 1766, after a march 
of moie than 3,000 miles, with his entire de- 
tachment of 100 men in perfect health, and 
without accident ; app. a major in 1 770, and 
li'Ut.-col. 42d inSept. 1771. lie com. this rcgt. 
throughout the Amer. RcTol. ; was in the 
cngag-.Mnent on Siaten Island, and in the battle 
of Brooklyn Ih ights in 1776; at the storming 
of Fort Washington, the capture of Rid 
Bank, and in the battle of Brandywine ; 
wounded at the battle of Springtiekl, .June 7, 
17 0. He became a col. in the army in 1779, 
and was brigadier under Clinton in the exped. 
against Charleston, S.C, in 1780. He suc- 
ceeded Lieut.-Gen. Frazer as col. of the 7l3t 
Highlanders in Feii. 1782; and in Nov. follow- 
ing became maj.-gcn. ; in 1796 he was app. 
lieut.-gen., and created a baronet; and became 
a u'ln. Jan. 1, 1801. He was an ollicer of su- 
perior merit. 

Stith, Rev. William, pres. of Wm. and 
Marv Coll. 1752-5, b. Va. 16S9 ; d. Williatns- 
burg, Va., 27 Sept. 1755. Son of Capt. John 
and Miiry Randolph, and was a bro.-in-law of 
Peyton Randolph. Studied theol., and ord. in 
Kn_'. in 1731 ; master of the grammar-school 
of Win. and M. Coll. 1731, chaplain h. of 
burgesses 1738, Bud rector of Henrico parish 
1 7.")2-5. Author of " History of Va. from the 
First Settlement to the Ilissol. of the Lond. 
Co.," written in 1745, pub. Williamsburg' 1747. 

Stobo, SIaj. Rubekt, b. (ilasgow 1727; 
<1 ab. 1770. The .son of a merchant. Came to 
Va. ab. 1742; was app. a capt. in 1754; w.vs 
wi h Washini.'ton at Fort Necessity when it 
sinrrend ercil in July of that year, and was a 
hnstaL'e for the fnltilm ent of the articles of ca- 
pitulation. Wliile at Fort Du Quesne, he drew 



np a plan of the works;, and sent it to the con* 
mandin^r officer at Wills's Creek. His cor- 
respondence fell into the hands of the French 
on the defeat of Gen. Braddock, and he was 
imprisoned at Quebec, wli -nee, on a rhird at- 
tempt (in 175S), he succeeded in escaping, and 
joined the British army at Louisburg. He 
aecomp. it to Queliec, and was usiful by his 
knowledge of localities. He returned to'Va., 
whence in 1760 he sail-d for Eng. ; was made 
capt. 15th Foot, June 5, 176 1 ; served in the 
W. Indies in 1762 ; returned to Eng. in 1767 ; 
and left the armv in 1770. — Si:e Memoir bij .\. 
D. C, Pittsburg", 1854, 18mo. 

Stockton, liiciiAKD, signer of the De<l. 
of In.leii., b. Priueetou, N. J., Oct. 1, 17.30: '!. 
near there Feb. 2s. 17S1. N.J. Coll. 174S. 
He studied law with David Ogden of Newark ; 
was adm. to the bar in 1754, and soon became 
disting. Visiting Eng. in 1766, he remlered 
valuiibic services to N.J. Coll. ; and on his re- 
turn, in 1767, was escorted to his residence by 
the people, by whom he was much beloved. 
In 1768 he was made a member of the exec, 
council of N..I. ; in 1774 he was app. a judge 
of the Sup. Court of N. J. ; and was chosen a 
deleg. to Congress in 1776, in time to partici- 
pate in the debate on tlie in-ojiosition for inde- 
pendence : though at first doubtful of its poli- 
cy, he cordially sup|)orted it. He was re-elected 
to Congress, where he was an active and intiu- 
cntial memljer. Soon after his return from a 
mission to the northern army under Schuyler, 
he was captured by a party of royalists, Nov. 
30, 1776, who threw him into prison at New 
York, and treated him with great severity. 
Congix'ss interposing, he was exchanged ; but 
he fell a sacriiice to the ill-usage he had re- 
ceived. The enemy destroyed his library, and 
devastated his lands. He was nnrivalled at 
the bar, and refused to engage in any canse 
wliieh he knew to be unjust, and stood forth in 
defence of the helpless and injured. 

Stockton, RiciiAisn, LL.l)., lawyer and 
statesuum, son of the preceding, b. Princeton, 
N.J., April 17, 1764; d. March 7, 1328. N.J. 
Coll. 1779. In 1796 he was chosen to the U.S. 
Senate, and in 1813 to the house of repR-sen- 
tatives ; in 1825 be was a connnissioner from 
N.J. to negotiate the settlement of an impor- 
tant territorial controversy with N. Y., and 
penned the proposed agreement apiwnded to 
this report, lie was a profound lawyer, and an 
uncommonly elonuent advocate, and, during 
more than a quarter of a century, was at the 
head of the bar of New Jersey. 

Stockton, RonKRT FiKi.n, commodore 
U.S.N., b. I'rincetim. N. J., 1796; d there 
Oct. 7, 1866. A..M. of N.J. Coll. 1820. Sou 
of the preceding. He left N. J. Coll. in his 
1 5th year ; cntcix-d the navy as midshipm. Se))t. 
1, 1811 ; received honorable notice for callant- 
rv in several battles; was made lieut. Dec. 9, 
1814 : com. Mav 27, 1830; capt. Dee. 8, 1838 ; 
resigned May 28. 1850. In 1S15. while 1st 
lieut. of "Tlie Siiittire," he disting. himself by 
boarding with a boat's crew an Algcrine war- 
vessel. Ordered in 1821 to the coast of .\fnc;v, 
he obtained by treaty from the native chiefs the 
tract constitutini: the present republic of Li- 
beria. He also captured many slavers, and a 



8TO 



872 



8TO 



IVritisiiese privateer, " The Muriiiiiim Floni " 
jf an yiiiK- On his mimi. In- wu- MKw>»ful 
in Im-iikin;^ n|> iIk- iii>>ts uf niitny \V. India |ii- 
nuc~. In ISjtl-oS 111' ttxik an aciivo part in 
|K>;iiioi in favor of liin. Javksun, anil alM> in 
niiliii;: intinial ini|<rv>vi'nH'ni.-> initio Stale. In 
IstS lio wa> lla>^H«tlkvr of " Tlie iMiio" in the 
MiiliciTnniran. Ho vv!i» ono of tho lirst to ail- 
ToiMte a ^ti'aiu navy ; .inj " Tho rrimxton," 
b'.iill antinlin;; to hU plans in IS^-I, ^u^ni.''hl^l 
Ihc mhmU'I for iiuniiTvais other ve*!*-l». My the 
i.\I)Io.-i<in of one of lior hirp.- (nm*. Keh- 2S, 
IS44, I'oni. SKH'klon was wriously injun'il. 
Sent to till' I'aeilie in (let. I94.'>. he with 1..'>U0 
men, inehulin;; OlK) sailors, in alKHit 6 UHintlis 
onuiiervxl the whole of Calilornia, and estab- 
li>heil the amhority of the I'.S. tliere. Forni- 
inyr a pa«\ i<. p>vt., he rvinniisl to the east in 
June. IS47. 'The dillienliy Utwi-en him and 
Gen. Keanii-y in niation to the supreme eoni. 
there w;ls .'•ul>si'<|neniiy made tlie stihjivt of a 
courtnurtial. I .S. s<iiatorin IS.51-3. he sin-n- 
uously op|Hi.se4l intervention in favor of llnn- 
pary.aMii proi-nnil the p:is,s:i!^' of n law for the 
alii>lilio:i of tlo-^^iii:.' in the navy. Ilis life and 
S|»xx1ks »<iv pnl>. Svo. New York. 

Stockton, TllOMv-i, p)V. of Del. 1S44-G; 
d. Neweasile. IVI., .Marvh ->, 1^4«. Capt. 3d 
Art. St']>t. 10, ISI2 ; in.ijor 42d Inf. Apr. 15, 
ISU; re-ivnied July 6, ISi.i. 

Stockton, 'I'lioMv* IIkwlisgs, D.l")., 
Meth. elep,-vnian. I.. Mt. Ilollv, X. J., June 4, 
ISO;!; d. I'hila. ( K-t. •.», ISiiS. lie wrv.te for 
the pn-ss at Iti, and stndii-d niedii'ine in I'hila.; 
but in May,li'29. liei:5Ui prvaehin;:; in IC'IOwas 
8tati<int\l at IViltimorv ; and was chaplain to 
Conv'ivss in 1S.1.1, '.'IS, and '.'(7. At Baltinioru 
he eonipileil the liymn-lHKik of the Meth.-Prot. 
rhureh, ami edifeil the Mrilv>-!ist-PitJ,.iinnl ; 
but, unwilling;: to submit to rrstnetions in its 
diseussioiis of slavery by the Ilidtimore Conf., 
h'." resiuiHil, and w-.iit to I'liila., when' he was 
pastor and a puMie livturer until IS47 : ho 
iIk'H ri'uiov.d to I 'iiu'innaii ; lU'elin.'d tlk- prx'si- 
deiiey vf Ml.inii I'. ; in l.<j<>-f> was asMH'. |ias- 
lorof St John's Churrli. Ualtimorv ; and for 
.I.J yi'ars w.is ieni|H>r.iry (utstor of an a.v«oc. Kef. 
I'n-«l>. rhuivh. In I S-Vi-dS hi- wa.s piLstor of 
the riuireh i>f the New Testament, and per- 
foruHtl also nuuh literary lal»>r. He had a hii;h 
n-'putntion for eliniuenee. and «liti>l with abili- 
ty the riiusii.m iro./,/ and IliU, Tim..-. He 
w;ui in iIk" van in all fonns of social pixvress, 
and a piom-er in the antislavery jwrty. He op- 

Iioseil scetnriniiism, and by voice and pen 
iel|nil to jiromo:e Christian brotherlKKxl and 
r.nion. ^Ienloirs of Stockton luive bwn pub. 
bv Uev. Alex. Clark an.l bv Hev. John G. 
VVilson. He was apiin chaplain to the I'.S. 
liou<e of represi-niatives in 1C59-61, and in 
1S62 of the r.S. senate. Dr. Stivkton pnh. 
nn olilion of the New Testament in iH>m;rraph 
forni ; manv pamphlets, s<nnon<. and addtx-sji- 
c ; " KliKitinj: Flowers fnun a Midden Brv«>k," 
1^44; ••The llible Alliinee," IS.'iO: " S-r- 
nions for the I'cople," ls:>4: "The Blcssin;r." 
1S57 : " Stand up for Ji'«us." 1S5S; " I'ln'ms. 
with .\n*obio^'mphii' and Other Notes." 1^62 ; 
•The l'.vrli-!.s .\|ai.Tiilici-n.v of the WonI of 
Go.!." isi;j: and "TheMe<litalivmof ChriM." 
Stoddard, Ajios, soldier and author, b. 



Woodbiirv, Ct., Oct. !6, 1762; d. Mav II, 
1813. Gnindson of l{ev. AnilH>ny. He wa.. 
a Mddier from 1779 to the rlo>e uf'ihe war id 
indep. ; then clerk of the Supnme Coun in 
Boston ; was a lawyer in Halliiwel', .Me., in 
l79i'-8; W.I9 app c.ipi. of art. Jinie 1. 179!*; 
por. of Mo. Terr. ICiH-o; major June 30, 
Il»07; dep, quartcnu. July IC, I^12; di-iin;;. 
oud dtinp'rou^ly wonndeu by a shell in the 
sie!.-e of Korl Mei;;s, and dieil of tclnniis. 
Author of " Sketches ot L«ui!-iana," l2iuo, 
ISIU; and the" I'olilical Crisis," Umil. His 

tiaperj are in the at<-hire» of the Western 
Jixrve Hist. Sik-., Cleveland, Ohio. 

Stoddard, A\tii<>n\. b. Norihampion. 
Au^. y. liiT,-*. miiii>ier of Wooilburv. Ci.,fn.in 
May 27. 1702, to his d. Sept. 6. K0«. II L". 
1697. He was clerk of probate 40 years. 
was the lawyer and physician ol his (Mople, 
and one of liie lar^i-sl larmers in the town. A 
p*nealo',:v of the d'-M-etid;ini^ of Aniltfiuv of 
Boston, f>v Charles and Klijah W. Stoildard, 
was |.ub. >.".V., Svo, ISfi.'S. 

Stoddard, UinuRD Hkkrt, poi't, b. 

Ilin-haiii, .\U., July, IS2J. H>< lallu r, a sea- 
capt.iiii. was li>»i on a voyage to Sweilen in the 
earlv youth of the son. who. for scleral year-. 
wori\i\l in an iron foundry in New York, in w hi h 
city he has tvsidi'd sinix' IS.*t5, holdiii;; lor *ome 
years a ]iost in the custoni'hou>e. Ilis liealtli 
lailin<;. he lnvaiuc in 1S49 a ronirili, tn the 
niu;:a2i ues and neivs)>apers. In IS32 he tn. 
Kliialieih Drew (Barsnnv), a piK-tess, b. .Mat- 
la|ioiseIi, Ms.. 1 82.'!. author of 3 novels. — 
" Moive-ons." 1S62: "Two Men." 1S6.-. ; 
"Temple House," 1867. He puh. in 1849 a 
cidlection of jMn'ms eniiiled " Kooiphnts." A 
co'lection of his maliiivr |>uenis was pub. in 
Boston iu 1852. He has wrillen " Adveiiturvs 
in Kairy-I.<ind." I ^.'i3, a .-cries <if prose lale- ; 
" Son;:s of Sumiuer." and " Town and Coun- 
try," a lKM>k for children, 1857; " I»vcs and 
Heniincs of the I'oi-ls," 1800; "The Kini;» 
Bell," ISfrl; " Tumam the Bnive," 1869; 
" I.ilc, Travels, and Books of Alexander von 
Ilumlmldl." 1859; "Abraham Lincoln," an 
lloniiianode, 1865; " Madri-als." mostly Irvirn 
the olil h'n',;. |«k-is, 1865 ; " Book of tlie Vast," 
1871 : eilited the " I>ato Eng. Tools," Dec. 
186.V 

Stoddard, Sot.ovioN. clcr,-ynian, h Bos- 
ton, Oct. 4, 164.5; d. Northampton. Ms., Feb. 
11,1729. H U. 1602. He was a feUow, and 
ill 1667-72 first librarian, of II I'. Durii^' 
this lime, his health lieinc poor, he went to 
Barlmdoes as cliaplnin to l!ov. SitIc, and for 
near 2 years pri-a'hcil to disvnters. Called 
in 1609 to the cliun h at Northampton, he was 
onl. thCR- S»-pt. 11, 1672, and muainiil there 
(illhisdeaili. In Feb. 1727, Jonathan Kdward-, 
his grandson, was cli'CIe«l as his rolloa-ue ; in 
17011 he pub. "The Doctrine of Insilinted 
Chunbes,'' in answer to 1. Slatlicr's " Onlcr 
of iIk' Go*pel ** which fCC:t*iomsl an cxciiini; 
controversy, which was rciicwisl in 170e4-9. He 
pub. some niisccllaneou- sermons, " A Gnidc ^^ 
("hri«i," 1714, and " The Safely of appi-jirin:; 
in the Dav of Jndi;nicni in the Ri-.-hleousncss 
of (^hrisi.'" repiiiiii-.l at Kdinh. in 1792; " The 
Trial id Assurance," 1696. He wai a man 
of leamiiii;, and a n-ry successful preacher. 



STO 



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lit! son Col. John d. Boston, June 19,1748, 
11.67. II. U. 1701. lie was niiinv years luem- 
lier of the coiiueil of ils., chief ju>lice of 
CC.l*., and col. of militiii. — ^ee HUJour. of 
Eximd. 10 t'liiKxla, 1713-14, in Ueneal. lity., 
Jan. 18.^1. 

Stoddert, Ben-jamin, sec. U. S. N. 21 
.Mav, 17>J.^-^i;.ran. 1802; I). Md. 17:)1 ; d. Bla- 
dcii^liur-, .Md., 17 Dec. 181,'). A capt. at the 
liattle of Bmiidywine ; alterwnrd a niaj. in the 
Utvol. arniv. jiany ycar< exiensivcly engaged 
in ineivantllo pursuits in (.iecirj;ei(i\vn, IJ.C. 

Stoever, Mautin Lutiikk, IMi.D. (Ham. 
186G), LL.IJ., b. Germantovvn, Pa., 17 Feb. 
1820; d. Getlysbnrf:, Pa., 22 Julv, 1870. U. 
of I'a. 1838. App. in 1839 tutor of Pa. Coll., 
lie was connected with it as tutor, principal of 
]ire]>. dept., or prof, of Latin, until his death. 
Author of " Self-Cniture," an address, Sept. 
14, 1841, Gettvshury;; "Life ot II. M. Muli- 
Icnbcrg, D.!).?' 18.->G ; " Memorial of P. F. 
Mayer, J).l).," 1859; " Brief .Sketch of the 
Lutheran Church in the U.S.," 1800. Kditor 
Litntirij llicotd 1 847-8; and co-editor, and 
from 18G2-70 solo editor, of the Kvaitynlical lie- 
view; contrib. to periodicals. 

Stokes, Antiiosy ; d. Loud. 27 Mar. 1799, 

a. 63. Barrister at law of the Inner Temple, 
Lond. ; from 17C8 chief justice, and from 
1772 councillor, of Ga., and until its evacuation 
by the British forces in 1782. Pub. Lond., 
1783, " View of the Constitution of the British 
Colonies in N.A.," &c. A loyalist at the 
opening of the Uevol., he was made a prisoner, 
hut was soon afterward exchanged, and returned 
to I".n_'. — AVo/). ^faf|., Aug. 1783. 

Stokes, MoxTKOitD, gov. of N.C. 1830-2, 

b. N.C. 1760; d. Ark. 1842. Served in the 
Rcvol. army ; several years clerk of the Superior 
Court, and afterwards of the Senate ; U.S. 
senator 1816-23; State senator 1826; mem- 
ber of the House 1829-30; Indian agent in 
Ark. from 1831 until his death. His bro. Col. 
JOHS, a Kcvol. officer, afterward U.S. dist. 
jnd-e of N.C, d. Fayettevillc, N.C, Oct. 1790. 

Stone, Andhkw Leete, I).1). (Amli. 
Coll. ISIil), b. Oxford, Ct., Nov. 2.5, 1815. 
Y.C 1837. Son of Dr. Noah Stone, a phy- 
sician. Three years a prof, in the N.Y. Insti- 
tution for the' Instruction of the Deaf and 
Dumb ; at the same lime ])ursuing the study 
of theologv. He then connected himself « itii 
the Amer.'S.S. Union at Phila. ; in Sept. 1844 
was ord. pastor of the South Church, Middle- 
town, Ct. ; in Jan. 1849 wa.s called to the 
pastorate of the Park-street Church, Boston ; 
and in 1865 was settled in San Francisco, Cal. 
He is a very popular preacher, and is deeply 
interested in the great reforms of the day. 
Auil-.or o( " Service the Knd of Living," 1858 ; 
" Ashton's Mothers," 1859 ; " Discourse on the 
Death of Abraham Lincoln," 1865; addresses, 
sermons, &c. 

Stone, Ges. CnARi-ES P., b. Greenfield, 
Ms., 1S2G. West Point, 1845. Assist, prof, 
of ethics. West Point, Aug. 1845-Jan. 1 846 ; 
brcv. 1st lieut. for gallantry at Molino del Rey 
Sept. 8, and capt. for Chnpnilcpec Sept. 13, 
1847; l)ocame 1st licut. 26 Feb. 18.53; and 
rc-igned Nov. 17, 1856. Banker in San Fran- 
cisco 1 856-7 ; chief, comr. under the Mex. govt. 



for survey and cxplor. of public lands in Sonora 
andL.Cal. 1857-60. Jan. 2, 18G1, he wasapp. 
bv Gen. Scott to organize and com. the militia 
of the Dist. of Col. ; May 14, 1861, he was 
made col. 14th Inf. ; May 28 he was attached 
to the staff of Gen. McDowell ; was soon after 
assigned to com. a brigade under (jen. Patter- 
son ; and was made brig. -gen. vols. May 17, 
18fil. The troops engaged in the hatilc of 
Ball's Bluff, Oct. 21, belonged to his division, 
and acted under his orders ; and, reports un- 
favorable to his loyalty having been circulated, 
he was arrested Feb. 9, 18G2. and confined in 
Fort Lafayette. In Aug. 1862 he was released, 
and ordered to Wasliinglon. May 9, 1863, he 
was ordered to re|)ort for duty to Gen. Banks 
in La. ; was engaged in the siege and capture 
of Port Hudson ; was chief of staff to Gen. 
Banks, July, 1863-April, I8G4; engaged at 
Bayou Tiehe, Sabine Cross-Koads, and Pleas- 
ant Hill; and com. a brigade in 5lh corps, 
Army of Potomac, before Petersburg, Aug. 21, 
to his resignation 13 Sept. 18G4; in 1870 he 
entered the service of the khedive of Kgypt as 
brig. -gen. and chief of staff. 

Stone, David, judge and senator,!). Bertie 
Co., N.C, Feb. 17.1770; d. Halei-b, Oct. 7, 
1818. N.J. Coll. 1788. He studied law; rose 
to a high position at the bar; was 4 years in 
the State legisl. ; judge of the Supremo Court 
in 17U5-8; M.C 1799-1801; U.S. senator 
1801-7; gov. of N.C. in 1808-10; and again 
U.S. senator in 1813-14. 

Stone, Da'-id Mavine, editor, ami one of 
the |)roi)rietors, of the N.Y. Jour, of Commerce 
since 1849, b. Oxford, Ct., 23 Dee.'l8I7. Son 
of Dr. Noah Stone. At first engaged in 
mechanical pursuits, he afterwards employed 
himself in mcrcanlile affairs, and was long a 
contrib. to various periodicals. 

Stone, Edwin Martin, 13 years Cong, 
pastor at Beverly, Ms., and since 1847 in the 
ministry at large, Providence, R.I. ; b. Fra- 
mingham, Ms., 29 Apr. 1805. He |iul.. " Biog. 
of Elhanan Winchester," 183G; "Hymns for 
Sab. Schools," 1837; "History of "Beverly, 
Ms.," 1843; "Life of John Howland," 1857; 
" History of the Providence Association," 
1860; ""The Areliitectanrl .Monetarian," 1869 ; 
" Hist. Sketches of the Servieesof U.I. Uegts.," 
&c. (1861-5). pub. in the "Register of R.I. 
Vols.," 1866 ; "Hvmns and Tunes for Vestry 
and Conf. Meetings'," 6th ed. 1844 ; " Invasion 
of Canada in 1775, including the Journal of 
Capt. S. Thayer, with Notes and Apjiendix," 
1867. Contrib. of hist., educ, tbcol.,an(l other 
articles to periodicals, ami successively editor 
of the lioston Times (1827), litdep. Mi'ssnyrr 
(1832-3), and S(dcm Observer. His son Edwin- 
WiNCiiESxr.n, b. Beverly, Ms., 30 Sept. 1835, 
served in the 1st R.I. Art. in the Itebillion; 
was a war corresp. of the Prov. Jonriinl, and 
pub. "Rhode Island in the Rebellion," 1864, 
2d od. 12mo, 1865. 

Stone, John AcGUSTns, actor and 
dramatist, b. Concord, Ms., 1801 ; d. Phila. 
June 1, 18.14, having drowned himself in 
the Schuylkill in a fit of deran-.'cment. Ho 
made his "(W.ii/ in Boston as Old Norval in 
the plav of " Douglas ; " acted in N.Y. City in 
1826, aiid in Phila. at intervals alterwards. Ho 



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urortiicetl " Mi-tamora," for wliicli Mr. Forrest 
paid him SJIH), aii(i " The Ancient Union," 
for which he nccived from the same s-oiiree 
SI.OOO, the " Uankcr of Uouen," ■' La U..i|ue 
the Ucui iile," the " Dcnioniiic," " Tancrcd," 
ami othi'r pieces. — Diii/riuncl:. 

Stone, Jons IIaskins. cov. of Mil. 1794- 
7; <1. Aiuiiipolis, Oct. 5, l!*04. While young, 
and at an early |>criod of the Uevol. war, he 
»'a!> the lirst ca|ii. in Saialhvood's rc^i. ; wua 
made col. in Dee. 1776; and re>i;;nc>l Aug. I, 
1779. lie disiin:;. him.self at the battles of 
Lon;; Island, White Plains, Princeton, and 
Germaniown, in the last of which he received 
a wound whii'h disabled him (rum further ser- 
vice. Ill I7!<l he liecame a clerk in the office 
of U. It. Livingston, sec. of loivign afl'airs ; 
was saliscqiiently a member of the exec, coun- 
cil of Maryland. 

Stone, Jons Seelt, D.l).. Epis. divine, 
b. W. S.tockbridj.'C, Ms., 1795. Un. Coll. 182.1. 
Rector of Christ Cli., Urooklyn, and of 8t. 
Paul's Ch.,IJoston, 1832-H ; some vears lec- 
turer in the Phila. Div. School, and since Julv, 
1807, dean of the Theol. Sem., Cambrid:,^', 
Ms. Author of " The Mysteries OiKjned," 
1844 ; lectures on the Christian Sabbath, 1867; 
"The Church Universal," 1846, enlarj^'J to 
"The I.ivin;; Temple," 1866; '-The Con- 
trast," &c., 1833 ; " Life of James Milnor, 
D.l).." Svo, 1848; " Life of Bishop Criswold," 
8vo. 1844. 

Stone, Lucr, reformer, b. West Brook- 
field, .Ms., 1818. She pra'l. at Oberlin Coll., 
where her oratorical talent decideil her voca- 
tion. On her return to X. Kng., she became 
an agent of the Am. Antislavery Society, Ice- 
tnring uliernatcly for the slave and woman. In 
1835 she was married to Henry B. Blackwcll, 
retaining her own name. " She was the tirst 
speaker who really stirred the nation's heart on 
the subject of woman's wrongs." She was 
prominent in all the early nat. conventions, as 
she was sec. of the woman's-rights organiza- 
tion for many years. She left her retirement 
in the spring of 1867, and travelled through 
Kansas, speaking to large audiences, and in the 
following wiiiier lectured on suffrage for wo- 
man in Ct., Ms., N.J., and X.Y. She has an 
intellectual face, and a soft, clear, ami musical 
voice. 

Stone, Samuel, minister, b. Hertford, 
Eng. ; d. llartlord, Ct, Julv 20, 166.1. Kmun- 
ucl Coll., Cambridge, 1621-7. lie came 
to America to escape persecution, with Mr. 
Cotton and Mr. Hi>oker, in 1 613 ; was an as- 
sist, to the latter, Oct. 11, l(>.13-47 ; reinove<l 
with bini to Hartford in 1616 ; and was his sue- 
cessor in the ministry for 16 years. Eminent 
OS a eoniioversialist, and eelcbratetl for wit and 
good humor. The latter (utrt of his life vraa 
imbiitered by theol. disputes, which led to a 
diviiird church. lie lel't in MS. a iHxIy of 
divinity much esteemed by theol. students, 
and a conl'uialion of the Antinomians. 

Stone, TiioM.ts, a signer of the Dccl. of 
Indcp., b. I'oinioii Manor, Charle* Co., .Md., 
1741; d. Port TMbaceo, .Mil., Oct. 5, 17S7. 
Descended from William Siotie. gov. of the 
state during Cromwell's proiixioraie. He re- 
ceived bis academic education under the care 



of n Scotch tutor; afterwards studied law in 
Annapolis under Tlios. Johnson, and engiigi'J 
in practice at Krederickton, .Md., at the age ot 
21; and in 1771 removed to Charles Co. Mem- 
ber of Congress 1773-9 ( foremost among the 
champions of his country's rights and honor 
at that trying |H-rio<l|, and again in 1783-4, 
and prcs. pro lem. He strongly favored the 
estabiishmeot of independence; 8<-rved on scv- 
enil eonimittei's, including ihr.t charged to pre- 
pare a plan of confederation ; and was app. a 
ilcleg. Irom ih\. to the coiiv. of 1787 which 
formed llie Const, of the U.S. ; but domestic 
einumstunces coin|ielled him to decline. Re- 
peatedly a inember of the .Md. senate during 
the intervals of his congressional service. 

Stone, William Leete, author and edi- 
tor, b. New Palti, .\.Y.,Apr. 2il, 1792; d. Sara- 
toga Springs, Aug. 15, 1844. .Son of Rev 
Win. Stone. Removed to Ci>o]K-rstoKn 18o9 
where he assisted his lather in the care of a 
farm, but at the age of 17 lieiamo n printer it 
a newspa|K-r-offii'C. In 1813 he l>eiMine e<litoi 
of the Herkimer Aiiifricaii, and siibs<.'i|ueiiily 
edited a |>olit. neuspaper at Hudson, then at 
Albany, afierwiirds at Hartford, and from 1821 
until his death was one of the proprs. and edi- 
tor of the .V. 1'. Ci'iHiaen-ial Adi-rrtU'i'. Col. 
Stone also edited while at Hudson the Loun- 
ger, a lit. periodical disting. for its pleasantry 
and wit; in 18-14 he pub. two vols, of " Tal. ^ 
and Sketches; " in 1832 " lA.'ticis on Masoi- 
ry and Anti-Masonry;" " .Maihias and l.i. 
Imposiiin'S," I8;)3; in 1836 " Ups and Down- 
in the Life of a Gentleman," a .satire on tli ' 
follies of the dav; Memoirs of Brandt, 18.1s, 
and of Rol Jacket, 1841; "Life of Uiicas ; ' 
"History of Wyoming," 1840; " Bor.l r 
Wars of the Anu-r. Revol.," 2 vols. 18-14 ; 
" Maria Monk," Su:.. 18.16 ; Letters on .\niinal 
Mairnciism, 1837. He had completed the col- 
lection and arrangement of the materials for 
an cxtcnili'd memoir of Sir Wm. Johnson at 
the time of bis death, since completed and pnh. 
by bis son. For some vcars he had lN*en supt. of 
coininuii si'bools in >t.V. City, and did iniirh 
for the cause of education. His son William 
Leete, Jan. (b. X Y. City. 18.13; Brown U. 
1837), Ins published "tiuiile to Saratoga 
Springs," 1860 ; •• Historv of N'.Y. Citv," 8vo, 
1868; "Life of Sir Win. Johnson," '2 vols. 
8vo. 1865. Isengagcilon a" Histor}° of the Six 
Nations," and has contrib. to the magazines. 
Ed. of Gen. Reidsel's Memoirs, from tiic Ger- 
man of Von Eelking, 2 vols. 8vo. 1 868. 

Stone, William Mubrav, D.I). (U. of 
Pa. 1831), Pr.-Ep. bishop of .Md. (eonsee. 21 
Oct. 18^1(1), b. Somerset Co., .Md., 1779; d. 
near Salisbury, Md., Feb. 26, 1M8. He was 
Cilucated at Washington Acad., on the Eastern 
Shore; ord. deacon 1802, and ministered for 
many years in his naii\'c parish with lideliiy 
and success. Bishop Stone was rcmiirkaMo 
lor the .meekness, humility, and simplicity 
of bis i-baractcr. He iiuh. a clmrgi-. 1831 ; pas- 
toral letter. 18-15 ; and a sermon, 1835. 

Ston^man, Gf.oroe, Im'V. inaior-g>n. 
U.S..\Iji. Busti, ChanUiuqua Co.,N.\ ., -Vug. 
8, l'*22. West Point, 1846. Entering the 1st 
Dragoons, he acte<l as quartcnnast^T to tli« 
Moruioo battalion at Saiiia Fe, and sent with 



sxo 



875 



STO 



it to Cal. in 1847 ; capt. 3 M.ir. 1855 ; in 1861, 
b.iug in com. of Fort Brown, Texas, he rc- 
fiisp.d to obey the ord t of his superior. Gen. 
Twiggs, for the surrender of ihc govt, projierty 
to tlie .■it'ee.s>ioni.srs, cliartered a steamer, evaeti- 
ated tlie fort, and arrived at X.Y. March 15; 
May 9 lie was made niaj. 4tli Cav., anil served 
in Western Va. as insp.-gen. uniil Aug. 13, 
wlien lie heeaiiic brig.-gcn. vols., chief of cav., 
and higlily elllcient in organizing that arm of 
the servic.-. After the evacuation of Yorktown 
by the Confeds., his com. of cav. and (lying art. 
pursued and overtook thein, and thus lu'ought 
on the battle of Willianisliurg, Jlay 5, 1862. 
After the second batile of liuli Run, he took 
com. of the division of Ivearny ; succeeded 
H iutzchnan an com. of the 3d army corps, 
which he led at Fivderieksbnrg 13 Dec. 1862; 
m;ii.-gen. Nov. 29, 1862; com. cav. corps in 
raid towards Riehmond, Apr. 13-May 2, 1863; 
and com. 2.'Jdcoriis, .Jan.- Apr. 1864. On the 
rc-organization of the armies opi'rating against 
Riehmond by Gen. Grant, Gen. Stoneman was 
app. to com the cavalry corps in the dept. of 
the Ohio ; was engaged in the operations of 
the Atlanta campaign to July 31, 1K64, when 
he was captured at Clinton, Ga., while on a 
raid to And r^onville ; com. raid to South- 
west Va. in Dee. 1S64 ; com. dist. of E. Tcnn. 
Fcb.-Mar. U'^65; com. cxped. to Asli'ville, 
K.C., Mar.-Apr. 1865, and engaged at Wyihe- 
vilk', capture of Salisbury, K.C., and Ashc- 
ville Brev. brig.-g<.n. and m.ij.-gcn. U.S.A. 
13 Mar. 1S65 for capture of Charlotte, N.C., 
and servie.-s during the Rebellion ; lieut.-col. 
3d Cav. Mar. 30, 1864 ; cok 21st Inf. July 28, 
1866 ; retired 1871. — Citllum. 

Storer, David IIlmphreys, M.D. (II. U. 
1825),nat:iralist,li.Portland,Me., 1804. Bowd. 
Coll. 1822. Author of "Genera, Species, &c., 
of Recent Shells," 1837; "Ichthvology, &c.,of 
Ms.,"ls",9; " Fishes of X. A.," 1846; "Fi-hes 
of Ms.," 1S53. Contrili. to scient. journals. 

Storer, Fraxcis Hu-mpiirets, prof, of 
chemistry in Jls. Institute of Technology, b. 
Boston 1832 H.U. Scient. School, 1^55. 'Au- 
thor of "AIlovs of Copper and Zinc," 1859; 
"Manuf. of raralliue Oils," 1860; "Solubili- 
ties of Chemical Substance," 1864; with C. 
W. Kliot, " Manual of Inorganic Chemistry," 
1?6^: and a "Manual of Qualitative Chem. 
Analvsis." 

Storer, Geobge W., rear-adm. U.S.N., b. 
Portsmouth, X.H., 1789; d. there 8 .Jan. 1864. 
Kephew of Col. Tobias Lear. Midshipm. 16 
Jan. 1809; lieut. 24 July, 1813; com. 24 Apr. 
1S28; eapt. 9 Feb. 1837; rcar-adm. (retired 
list) 16 .July, 1862. Com. the s<|uad. off Bra- 
zil 1S4S; com. sloo])-of-war" Boston," in Medit. 
squad., 1831 ; com. frigate "Potomac," coast 
of Brazil, 1838-43; governor naval asylum 
1855-S. 

Storer, Horatio Rodinson, M.D. (II. U. 
1853), prof, of obstetrics and med. jurisp. in 
Berkshire Med. Coll., Ms., b. Boston 1830. 
H.U. IS-.50. Author (with F. F. Heard) of 
" Criminal Abortion in America ; " " Wliy 
N"ot < a Book for Every Woman," 1866; "li 
It n a Book llir Every Man ; " " Decrease in 
till' Rate of Increase of Population in Europe 
and Auiiiica," 1!?67 ; "Nurses and Nm-sing," 



186S; co-editor of the Journal cif the Gi/neco- 
lojical Sue. of Boston, 1869; and contrib. to 
scientific journals. — Allilioite. 

Storrs, Charles Backi'B, first pres. of 
the West. Res. Coll., , b. Longmeadow, Ms. 
15 Mav, 1794; d. Braintree, Ms., Sept. 15 
1833. "X.-T. Coll.; And. Tlieol. Seni. 1820. 
Sou of Rev. Richard S. Ord. 3 Jan. 1821, 
and preached at Ravenna, O., from 1822 to 
Mar. 1828, when he was chosen prof, of Christ, 
theol. in the W. Res. Coll., and in lt<31 prea. 

— S/n-(lfJiU:. 

Storrs, Henry RAxnoLrn, lawyer, b. 
Middletown, Ct., 1787; d. New Haven, July 
29, 1837. Y.C. 1804. Adni. to the bar in 
1807; practised iirst at Champion, Jelf Co., 
N.Y., and afterward at Whitcstown and Utiea, 
X.Y.; M.C. in 1819-21, 1823-31; and subse- 
quently removed to N.Y. City, where he soon 
rose to high distinction in his profession. He 
was 5 years lir.-t judge of Oneida County. 

Storrs, KiciiAKD Salter, D.D. (Wms. 
Coll. 1835), son of Richard S. (minister of 
Longmeadow, Ct., from 1785 to his d. Oct. 3, 
1819, a. 54), b. Feb. 1787. Wms. Coll. 1807. 
Pastor 1st Cong. Church, Braintree, Ms., since 
1811. He jmb. "Memoir of Rev. Samuel 
Green, 12mo, Bost., and some 20 single ser- 
mons. Edited /Itmlon Rcvordir; co-eiliior of 
tlie ('<)iif/r< (iitliniitilist ; and contrib. to the Pan- 

Opiisl. I'loillr MolllU,/. &c. 

Storrs, Richard Salter, Jun., D.D. 
(Un. Coll. 1853), clergvnian, b. Braintree, Ms., 
Aug. 21, 1821. Amh.Coll. 1«39 ; And. Theol. 
Sem. 1845. His father and grandfather of the 
same name were disting. clergymen. 22 Oct. 
1845 he was ord. pastor of the Harvard Cong. 
Cluirch, Brookline, Ms., and in 1846 of the 
Chiireh of the Pilgrims, Brooklyn, X. Y., which 
position he still retains. He was assoc. editor 
of the Ind' iKudent at its commencement in 1848. 
lie has pub., besides sermons, orations, and ad- 
dresses, " Graham Lectures on the Wisdom, 
Power, and Goodness of God," 1856; "Life 
and Letters of Rev. Daniel Temjile," 12ino, 
1855; and an elaborate nport on the revision 
of the English vei-sion of the Bible, undertaken 
bv the Bilile .'^ocietv some vears since ; and ar- 
ticles in Diliii„lh,,a Sami iiiid y,,r-i:»,,lamkr. 
For sjiccimens of his writings, see " The Ainer. 
Pulpit," 1S56, 401-20; "Pulpit Eloquence of 
the 19tli Ceni ary," 1857, 485-500. 

Storrs, W illiam Lucics, LL.D. ( W. Res. 
Coll. 1846), jurist, bro. of II. R., b. Middle- 
town, Ct., Mar. 25, 1795; d. Hartford, June 25, 
1861. Y.C. 1814. He studied at Whitcstown, 
N.Y., and was adm. to the bar in 1817. He 
soon after went to Middletown, where he prac- 
tiscd until 1840. He was a member of the 
State Assembly 1827-9 andlK34,an(lwas speak- 
er in 1834; ji.C. in 1829-33 and 1>39-10; 
app. assoc. judge of the Supreme Court of Err- 
ors in Ct. in June, 1840, and chief justice in 
1856. In 1846-7 he was prof of law in Yale 
College. 

story, Isaac, poet, b. Marblehead, Aug. 
25, 1774; d. there July 19, 1^0.3. H.U. 1793. 
Son of Rev. Isaac Story, and grandson of 
Rev. Simon Brartstreet. 'His fatlur, minister 
of Marblehead (1771-lsOO; N.J. Coll. 1768), 
d. there Oct. 1816, a. 67. He praitised law at 



8TO 



STG 



sxo 



CasUno, whi-rc he also oditod the Journal , ami at 
Kutlanil. \Vorci«ier, Co., NU. Of his writings 
fur )v riLxlioals, iKimo wciv pub, in iht- /'tirw- 
rr's .l/iwum. lip WTOle a vol. iuiAt the 
siprnatiir • of " The Traveller," much of which 
apiK'ar-d in tho Columhian CnUinr-l. A vol. 
cniiilal •• Tho Parnassian Shop, bv Peter 
Quince." Boston, 1^01, was in imitation of 
PetiT Pin.l.ir. In 17'Ja ho pub. ;it Marhl.-head 
"An K].i-ilc from Ynrioo to lukK," in verso; 
" Con-olatory 0<le,«," liuio, 1799. In 18(K) 
ho J> livenil a culo;ry on Washington at Stor- 
lintr, Ms., whoro ho then re-sldo.l : and in 1801 
he delivorcil a Fourth-July or.ilion at Worcs- 
ter, which was published. Judge Joseph Story 
wiLs a kinsman. 

Story, Joseph, LI..1)., jurist, b. MHrblc- 
hea.l, .Ms., t-ept. 18, 1 779 ; d. Caml.ri.I'jo, Sept. 
10, 1S45. H.U. 179S His father Ur. Elisha 
was a sur^Hiu in tlic Kevol. army. At the 
univorsiiy. Jos»-ph was dislini;. for liis poetical 
tidont. He siu'liod law with Samuel Sewull, 
and afeorwanl with Samuel Putnam : was adm. 
to the bar in July, IStll, and l>oj.ran practice at 
Salem. In 1S04 be pub. a vol. of |>uoms c«>n- 
tainin;; "Tlio Power of Solitude." In 1805- 
8 he was a memlior of the lofjisl., and a loader 
on the r\pub. side ; M.C. in 1808-9, sonaraiing 
himself Iroui tho administraiion on the ques- 
tion of continuing the ouilmrj^), which ho 
sironiiously opjKisol ; sj»-.ikcr of the Ms. 
house ill 1811; and from Nov. 18, 1811, to his 
death, was assoc judge of the U.S. Supreme 
Court, a position fur which he was eminenllv 
qiiulilied, and in which ho not only won ureal 
fame as a judge, but achieved both aKuropoan 
and American reputation as a jurist. In tho 
State Const. Conv. of 1820, Jmlgv Siorv was a 
von- useful member. Dane prolessor of law in 
H.U. fniin 1829 until his death. In his con- 
stitutional views he was of the school of \Va.»h- 
ington and Marshall. His juridical works 
evince o.xiraonliuary learning, Inmiuous expo- 
sitions, and profound views of the science of 
law. They include a commeniary on the Con- 
stitution, " Conflict of Laws," treatises on the 
lawofliallmenl.s, agency, bills of exchange and 
promissory-notes, |Mirt lorship, and conuneiita- 
riesoneijuiiyjurisprudt lire and ei]iiity pleadings. 
Judge Story |M>.ssossod croat collixpiial powers. 
His "Miscellaneous Writings " wore pub. in 
Svo, 1854; a Life, by his son William Storv, 
was pub. 2 vols. 8vo, 1851. He n'ceiv>-d the 
degree of I.L.O. from Harvarvl, Brown, and 
Dartm. Colleges. His oonimentaries and his 
written judgments in his circuit make 27 vols., 
and bis juil;:meni» in the Supreme Court form 
an im|Mirtant |>nrt of .14 volumes more. 
, Story, William Wktmork. son of the 
preci\iiML'. (Hiot mill artist, b. .Salem. Feb. 19 
1819. H.U. 18.18. Ho stmliol law under 
his faihor's auspices ; was a frwinent contrib. in 
prose and verse lo tho Ikviom !l//«W/<iny,- and 
has pnb. '• Reports of Cases in the U.S. Cir. 
cuit Court for the First Cianiit," 2 vols., 1842- 
5 ; and " A Treatise on tho Ijiw of Contracts 
not undoi;^ Seal," 1844; "A Treatise on the 
l^iw of Sales of Personal Prt>pony," 1847; 
"The .Vmerican Qiiesiion," 1862; " Kolia di 
Roma."18t>2; " Ptojioriions of the Human 
Figure." 1866; "Graffiti d"Italia," 1869; and 



a iioom entitled " The Koman Lawver in .leru- 
saloiu," 1870. In 1844 ho delivered the Phi 
Beta Kappa poem at H.V., •• .Nmure anil .\rt." 
He pull, a volume of poems in 1847 :ind in 
1856, and " Life and Letters of Jo~e|ih Storv," 
1851. He has resided since 1848 ill lialv, liiid 
is di-ting. as a sculptor. Among his aJiiiired 
wi.rks arc " Cleo(>ntrM," "The Sibvl," " Deli- 
lah." " Shephenl Bov." " Little Uol Riding- 
llmHl," " Me<le.»," "Sail," "Savpho," stat- 
ues of his fathc', of Josiah Qiiincv and 
Gi-or.:e Pealiody, and a bust of ,Ianies Rus- 
sell Ixiwoll. He is also an accoinplisliod musi- 
cian. 

StOUghton, Col. Isr.iel. an early ..cttlcr 
of l)orclie-ier ; d. l,iiicoln. Kn;:.. 1645.' Alin. 
fwinan, Nov. 16.1.1; member of the lirsl den. 
Court, convened May, 16.14, and again in 16.15, 
'36, and '.17 ; disabled from holiling i.ffii-c for 3 
years for publishing a pamphlei denying: lo the 
gov. and assistants some of the (Hnvers thev 
claimotl, but restored in 16.16. In .Mac, 16.17, 
he had com. of the Ms. troops sent a:;ainst tlie 
Pcqiiots; capt. of the Art. Co. 1642; a com- 
niiss. to administer the govt, of X.H. in 1641 ; 
assist, in 1617-42, and again in 1644. He was 
in Eng in 1642, and, reluniin;; in 1644, 5er^•ed 
as lieiit.-col. of Rainshurongh's regt. until his 
d. He was a large landoivnor of Donhester, 
and gave .1(H) acres of land to Harv. College. 

StOUghtOD, William, statesman, b. 30 
Se|.i. 1631; d. Dorrhester, July 7, 1701. 
H.U. 1650. Son of the prv'ceding" Ho stud- 
ietl thiMbigy, wont to Eng., aud was a 
fellow of Xew Coll., OxfonI, but was ejected 
at the Restoration. Retuniing to X.E. in 1662, 
ho acquirx'd a high roputatiun as a pa-acher, 
his sermon at the annual election in 1663 be- 
ing pronounced one of the be»t over heanl on 
the oi-easion. Declining all invit iiioiis lo n 
seitlcmoni as piistor. he was an assist, from 
1671 until the dissolution of tho govt, in 1686; 
from 1676 to 1679 he was in tni;. as ii;.-ent 
lor the Colony. Eleeteil assist, anil pir. M.iv 
12, 1686, he refused lo serve, iniLsmiich as 
Dudley was lett out in complaisance lo him. 
He was chief justice from July 26 to IK-c. 20, 
1686, and a justice, and a incinlier of Andros's 
council until Apr. 1689, when ho was one of 
the "Council of Safely " which wn-stcti ihc govt, 
from that officer; from Mav, 1692, nniil his 
death, he was lieut.gov. of Sis., and chief jus 
lice of ihe Superior Court from Dec. 22, 1692. 
until just before his death. His name is un- 
fortnnaioly connecteil with the wiiehcrafl |kt- 
socuiion, he being the chief ju-.tice of the s|i<>cial 
trilHinal on that occ.isjon. He was a uonerons 
and litxTal benefactor of H. Coll.. and left a 
tract of land for the supjion there of studrnt.s, 
natives of Dorchester, and another tnut lor 
the henetii of schools. 

StOUghton, C.EV. William L. luwver 
and My 1^69-71. b. N.Y . 2.i .Mar. IS27! 
Seillisl in ihe pr.iciii-o of law in Stup^i-s, Mich., 
in 1851; prosec. attv. 1856-60 ; app.'u.S. dist! 
any. 1861. Col. u'lh .Mich. Rcgt 1862. and 
disting. at Stone Kiver. Dec. 31 -.Ian. 2, 1S63 ; 
afterwards com. a brlga.le at Chiekamauca, 
Mission. Kidge, and at Atlanta, wliero he lost 
« leg : brcv. m.ij.-gen. U.S. vols. : attj.-nn 
of Mich. 1866-8. 



sa'o 



Stow, Baiion-, D.D., Baptist cleii:?mnii, 
li. Crcivil. Ill, X.H., June 16. 1801; il. Boston, 
Dec. I'V. ltiU9. Col. Coll., D.C, IS25. After 
editing the VoUimiian Star, a reli^'ious news- 
paper, for 2 years, at Wasliiiiyton, he was ord., 
Oet. 24, 1827. over the ehiiieh in Portsmouth, 
N.ll. ; ill 18."2 became pastor of tlie Baklwin- 
plaee Church; and from 1848 to 1867 of the 
Kowe-stiect Church, Boston. He was many 
years prominent in the Baptist Missionary 
Union ; pres. of the trustees of the Newton 
Tlieol. Institution. Besides sern ons, he pub. 
" Daily Manna for Christian Pilgrims," 1848; 
" Christian Bioiherhond ; " " The Psalmist," 
1849 ; •• First Things," 1859 ; " History of the 
Dani.-li Missions on the Coast of Coromandel ; " 
" Jleriioir of Harriet Dow; " " History of the 
EiiL'lish I'.aptist Mission to India; '' Discourse 
at the lOiith Anniv. Baldw. PI. Cli., 27 .July, 
184.J; also many articles in reviews and peri- 
odicals. 

Stowe, Cai-vin Ellis, D.D., clergvman, 
b. Natick, Ms.. April 26, 1802. Bowd." Coll. 
1824. And. Theol. Sem. 1826. He was for 
two years an assist, to Prof. Stuart, and at the 
same time assist, editor of the Boston llecorder. 
In 1830 lie became prof, of hiiii;uages in Dartm. 
Coll. ; and was prof, of biblical lit. in Lane 
Sein., Cincinnati, 1833-JO. He lectured and 
wrote effectively on the school system of Ohio. 
On his return from Europe in 1837 he pub. his 
report on " Kiementary Education in Europe." 
He subsequently pub. reports on the " Educa- 
tion of Immigrants," " The Course of In- 
struction in the Primary Schools of Prussia," 
and on " Elementary Instruction in Prussia." 
In 1850 he lieeamo divinity prof, at Bowd. Coll., 
and in 1852-G4 was prof, of sacred lit. in 
And. Theol. Sem. He jiub. " History of the 
Hebrew Commonwealth, from the German of 
Jalin," 1828; " Criticism and Interpretation 
of the Bible," 1835 ; " Origin and History of 
the Books of the Bible," 1867. He m. Harriet, 
dau. of Lyman Beechcr, in 1832. 

Stowe, Haruiet Elizaueth Beeciieij, 
author, dau. of Bev. Dr. Lyman Beechcr, b. 
Litehlield, Ct , June 15, 1812. One of a fami- 
ly of 12, which, out of 10 survivors, has given 
to literature 8 authors of more or less ixpute. 
Mrs. .Stowe had the advantage of intellectual 
companionship and strict moral training 
from infancy. From her 15th year she 
was associated with her cider sister Catharine 
at a successful female sem. she had estab- 
lishcl at Hartford in 1822. In her 21st vcar 
she m. Hev. Calvin E. Stowe. During a long 
residence in Cincinnati, she became interested 
in the question of slavery. She pub. in 1849 a 
collection of moral tales, " The Jiavliower, or 
Sketches of the Descendants of the I'ilgrims." 
Her great work, "Uncle Tom's Cabin," origi- 
nally appeared in the Xalional Era, an antisla- 
vcry pajjer at AVashington, and was pub. Bos- 
ton', 1852. It has been translated into 9 differ- 
ent languages, and has liccn dramatized in 20 
riillercnt forms, and acted in every capital in 
Europe, and in most of those of the U.S. She 
6nbsec|uemly pub. "A Key to Uncle T<iin's 
Cabin." She .soon afterward, in coin[)any with 
her liusiiand, and Hev. Charles Beecher her 
bro., vioited Ureat Britain, where she was favor- 



ablv received. After her return she ]mh. " Sun 
ny ^Ielnol•ies of Foreign Lands ; " and iii 1 86.) 
" The Minister's Wooing," originallv pub. in 
the Alhiili'r M<ml/,!i/. She has also ptih. " Dred, 
a Tale of the Dismal Swamp," 1856; "A"nes 
of Sorrento," 1862: "The Pearl of Orr's Is- 
land," "The Mav-Klower, and Miscellaneous 
Writings," 18.i5; '" House and Iloiiie Papers," 
1864; "The Chiiuncy-Conier," a series of 
essays in the Atlantic i'tunllil;!, 1865-6 ; " Little 
Foxes," 1865; "Queer Little People," 1867; 
" Oldtown Folks," 1869 ; " Men of Our 
Times," 1868; "True Story of Ladv Bvion's 
Life," in Atlantic Mnnthli/, Sept. 1869; ""Lady 
Byron Vindicated," 1870 ; "Pink and White 
Tyranny," 1871 ; " My Wife and I," 1872. In 
Dec. 1868 she became co-editor with D. G. 
Mitchell of " Hearth and Home," a magazine. 
Mr. and Mrs. Stowe now reside in Hartford. 

Strachan, John, D.D., LL.D., bishop of 
Toronto, b. Aberdeen, Apr. 12, 1778; d. 
Toronto, Nov. 1 , 1 867. U. of Aberdeen, 1 790. 
He studied theology at St. Andrew's ; taught a 
village school in 1 797 ; and in Aug. 1 799 
came to Canada, and taught school at Kings- 
ton till ord. deacon. May 2,1803; priest, Juno 
3, 1804 ; and app. to the mission of Coniwall, 
where he taught a grammar-school. In 1812 
he was app. rector of York; in 1818 e.\ec. 
councillor: archdeacon of York in 1825; and 
in 1839 bishop of Toronto. From the year 
1818, he took an active part in politics ; aiid a 
bitter strife arose between his party on the one 
side, and that of W. L. Mackenzie on the 
other, out of which the rebellion in Ujjper Can- 
ada of 1 837-8 arose. He pub. 70 essays in the 
Klmiaion Gazelle, in 1811 under the name of 
" Keckoner," also a number of letters and oth- 
er i)ain]ihlets. He received the degn'c of LL.D. 
fronr the U. of St. Andrew's, and that of D.D. 
from the U. of Aberdeen, in 1807. Among 
the many benefits he conferred upon 1'oronto 
was the establishment of Trinity College. 

Strachey, William, fir.st sec. to the 
Colony of \a.. where he resided 1610-12 ; was 
shipwrecked on the Bermudas 1609. He pub. 
for the {Colony in Va. "Lawes, Divine, iMorall, 
and Martiall," 4to, 1612; " History of Trav- 
aille into Va.," &c., pub. by the Ilakluyt Soc., 
and the second book in Mass. Hist. Colls., 4th 
ser. i. 

Strader, Capt. Jacod, a pioneer in the 
steamboats and railroads of the West, b. N. J. 
1795; d. Cincinnati. Aug. 28, 1800. 

Strain, Lieut. Isaac G., U.S.N., explorer, 
b Roxbury, Franklin Co., Pa., 1821 ; d. 
Aspiuwall, May 15, 1857. In 1845, while a 
midslii])man, he led a small ]iarty to explore 
the interior of Brazil; in 1848 he cxfilorcd the 
peninsula of Cal. ; in 1 849 he crossed from 
Val])araiso to Buenos Ayres, and wrote a nar- 
rative entitled " The Cordillera and Painpa ; " 
" .Sketches of a Journey in Chili and the Ar- 
gentine Provinces," in 1849. He was in 1850 
attached to the Mexican Boundary Conimiss., 
and later more known as the leader of the ex- 
Jied. across the Isthmus of Daricn. An inter- 
esting account of this journey was iireparcd 
from his materials by J. T. Hoadlcy, and ]>ub. 
in llarjur's Maij. 1855. In 1856, in the steam- 
er " Arctic," he ascertained by soundings the 



prnclicaliility of l.i\in^ an ocoan tcli 
(xlwivii Aiiioricn nml kii;;lainl 



were captured in 1?15; com. in April. 1S21, 



Ixiwivn Anioncn and Kn-lan.l. two Uar-^a on llie coH.t of Cuba, nnd raptured 

Strange, Robekt, LL l). (Rntg. IMO), the piraic schooner ••l'ilot;"comninnilcd shic 

jnn>t and «.-na!ur. 1.. Va. Sept. 20, 1796; d. "Ohio," I'acirt.- >qna.lron, 1S4S-50- siipt 

Kb. 25. IS54, Uamp. SiJ. Coll. He Mndiv.'d Naval Aca.l. l85i>-3 ; <^.mniai.de.l E.I. s.iiiad 

law; was with some mtenni.<sions a meinl>er 18Jtf-Cl ; com. Vhila. navv-vanl 1 8fi.t-4 ; com 

ot the X.C. house of delepilos from IS2I to Easurn (iulf block. Mpindn.n 18fi4-.1 'mem- 

1S26 ; jud^t of the Snin-rior Court lS2ti-.3t> ; bor liKlithouse bonni 1867-71. — HammU 

and U.S. senator in ISSG-IO. He resumed Strieker, Gen. John, b Md ■ .1 lialii- 



niore, June 23. 1825. A patriot of the Kevol ; 
he was nl-o brig.-gen. commandin;: nA bri;;iiile 
.\ld. niiliiia in defence of Halt, in 1814.'«nd 
distiiii:. in battle of Xorili Point. Prcs. of the 
Bank of lialtimore at his death. 
Strickland, Lieit.-Col. S\ml-el, CM., 

bro. of A^Mies Strickland, b. En;;. 1809; enii". 
toCiinaila 182.'); d Lukelield, U C, 1S<J7. Au- 
thor of " 27 Years in Canada West," Ix>ndon 
2 vols. 1853. 



his profes.sion, and subsequently t>ecanie solicit 
or of the 5tli jud. circuit of the State. Author 
of" Eonoi;nski. or the Cherokee Chief," a novel. 

Stratton, Charles C, b. X.J, 1796; d. 
Gloucester Co., X. J.. Manh 30, 1859. Kutg. 
Coll. ISI4. Manv vcars in the State lecisl. ; 
-M.C. 1817-9 and '1841-3; member Const. 
Conv, 1844 : and gov. of X. J. 1844-8. 

Stratton, Cihhles S. — See Tom TnrMn. 

Street, .Vlfred Billings, jioet, b. I\iU"li- 
keepsie, N.Y.. IK-c. IS, 1811. Ile.scended frSin 
Rev. Xicholas, pastor of the first church in 

Kcw Haven. His father Randall S, an emi- studied under Latn'dwresiaMisbed his r.-nnta- 
nent lawyer, d. Momicello, X.Y., in 1841. Al- tion bv planning the Chesinui-siriTt Ma-onic 
frcd was educated at the I)uchess-Co. Acad. ; Hull ; and for nianv vcars was cniploved on t'lo 
studied law in the office of his father; practised public buildings 6f' Plii|:i., among'them the 
a few years in Jlonticello : and since 1839 has U.S. Bank, the .Merchant-' E.xclian-e the U S 
resided in Albany, where he has been for some Mint., and the U. S. Xaval Asvluin. His last 
years State lilirarian. He commenced his lite- great work was the capitol, X'ishville. Tenn 
rary career at an early age as a poetical writer begun in 1845, completed in 1857 in 18->5 
for the magazines. His first vol., " The Burn- he examined the canal and railway systems of 



Strickland, Wh.li.\m, nrchiicct, b. Phila. 
787 ; d. Xashville. Tenn.. 7 Apr. 1854. He 




llesides his nunierons pieces in periodicals, he Strickland, William P., D.D., cleP'V- 

has delivered ihiee very able poems before the man and author, b. Pittsburg, I'a. Am- Vt 

students of Geneva and Union Colleges, from 1809. Educated at the (Ihio U. Knier^ the 

the latter of which he received in 1841 the hon. itinerant ministry of the M.E. Church U in 

degree of A.M. An edition of his poems was 1832 ; was for some years agent and s<f'. of the 

pub. in X.-i. in 1847, and another in 2 vols, Amer. Bible Soiietv: Kemoving to X. York 

1866. I" 1?59 he pub. two prose vols., " The in Ig56, he has sinre been connected with the 

Loiincil of hevision, a histor}- of the courts Meth. Book Concern, and a^soc. ed. '7,ns/ ^,/- 

of X.^., with biog. sketches of its governors tvaitt anH Jom: In 1862 he was chaplain ..f 

and judges, from 1777 to 1821 ; "Woods and the 48tli X.Y. Regt. at Port Koval, S.C He 

« aiers, or the Saranacs and Racket." a tour has pub. •■ History of the Amci iian Bible So- 

in the great wilderness of Xorthern X. York ; cietv," 1849; "'Historv of Methodi-t Mis. 

in 1864" Forc-st-Pi. tares in the Adirondacks;" sioiis." 18.'iO; " G»-nius ind Mission of .Meth- 

'• The Indian Pass," 1869. Some of his poems odism," 1851 ; " Christianity Demonstrated " 

have been translated into German. 1852; " Memoir of Rev. jAmes B. Kinlev'" 

Street, AiGiSTls Rcssell, philanthro- 1853; "A Treatise on Biblical Literatiiri'" 

?o '-ic'rr vy>"-,^°,'- V '^' ^'■- 1"";"-' •'""" '"'^ '' " The Light of the Temple," a .Masonic 

■Hu , ?• ^•<-- •?'■-: Ho studied law, but work, 1854: " The Astrologer of Chaldaia " 

Ulheallh prevented his j.ursning the profes- 1856; "Pioneers of the West," 1856- "Life 

sion. Inheriting a large fortune, he gave free- and Times of Francis A-burv," 1853 •' " Life 

ly to iH-nevolent objects. His Alnia Mater of Jacob GrnlH;r," 1859; and "Old'Muki- 

received nearly MOO.OOO : he founded the naw,"lS60. He hn.scditixl the /^Vfrnry G»/r' 

Stri'et professorship of inmlcrn languages; the llVs/fm .-Jmfr. AVncr. and hascontribuicd 

erivted ihe budding for the \nlc School of to several maga/.ines, and to Applcion's "Xew 

tine Arts, providing for its partial endow- Cvclopiedia." 

meiit ; and also kft a Iwndsome legacy for ulfi- 'Stringer, Samcel. physician. b. Md 1 7.34 ; 

mately founding the Titus Street professorship d. AH.aiiy. July 11, 1817. ' He studied mo.li! 

l".,.'.!. "... ..'^L^'^'I'V. H" "■'".."".''"'"'''' '^'""■' '" X^'^"- ""''^•"" •>>■. Bond: was in 1755 

" ' '" ' " npp- ''y Gov. Shirley to the meil. dcpt. of ihe 

army; and was in tiie c.impaignof 1758 at Ti- 
cotiileroga. After the war he setilc.1 and in. 
in Albany. In 1775-7 he was dircclor-gen. of 

,T- '•;• "• .- ^•, , —■[■•"■ ""<"■■ ic. in;:; hospitals in the northern .Kpt., nnd ac.-omp. 

lient. Apr. I. I8l8 ; com. J.m. 24, 1840 ; capi. the troopsinthe inv.ision of C.ina.la. Rcsum- 

Ang. 1.1853; comino. July 16, 1862: n-.ir- ing practice at Albany, he was until his death 

" -i-'i' '■»";'• '?' '■ •'"'.'■ ,-*• '^*'''- "'■ ""' '" °"^' "'■ «'«' first jihv'siiians and surgeons in 

llie .M.iivdoi.uin when the Al^.-eiirie vessels that vicinity.— T/m\Jh..: 



the greater nart of his lif*. In 1 843-8 he tniv 
riled abroad. A dau. m. Admiral Foote, and 
d. 186.3.- Y.C. Ol'il. flf,>TH. 

Stribling, Counelius K.. rear-admiral 
U.S X.. b. S.C. Miilshipm. June 18. 1812 



879 



STR 



Stringham, James S., M, D. (Kdinb. 
17'J.M. I'liv-ici:m, I). New York ITTri; d. St. 
(■pi:;. L>s"jime, 1817. Col. Coll. 1 79.3. ilo 
iibiinilonud tlic study of tlicolo;;y for that of 
medicine, which he lir;;t pur.-iiLj under Drs. 
Hard and IIo5ack of New York. He was 
jirof. of ckraiitry in Col. Coll. in 1802-13; 
i:i 181'i-17 he w;is prof, of med. jnrisp. in tlie 
Coll. of Physicians and Surgeons, and may be 
re;.'ard-d jii the founder of tliat science (upon 
wliich he was the first to lecture) in this country. 
J'"*!'.';; his inaugural, " De A's'irLcnlium S_i/s- 
tciuiic" ho contrib. essays and jiapers to tlic 
mcdijal journals. ]ir. S. was o;ie of the most 
(Llcicnt of the early promoters of science in 
this country. He w.is a physician of t!io X.Y. 
Uospital, and was a member of the Roy. Jlcd. 
Soc. of Edinburgh, and fellow of the N.Y. 
Litcrarv, PUilos., and Historical Societies. — 

Stringham, Sil\s Hortom, tcar-adm. 
U.S.X., b. Jliddletuwn, N.Y'., Kov. 7, 179S. 
Midshipman, Nov. l.i, ISOD; licut. Dec. 9, 
1814; he served in "The President," Com. 
Itodgers, till lol.'), witnessinj; the all'aii-s with 
"The Little Belt" and "The Belvidcrc." 
Transferred in 181.') to the brig "Spark," one 
of Decatur's squadron, he took part in the Al- 
gcriiic war. In 1C19 he was lieut. in "The 
Cyanc," which conveyed the first settlers to Li- 
beria ; placed in com. of a boat to search for 
slavers, he captured 4, and was sent home with 
his prizes. Slado 1st lieut. in 1821, ho was 
ordered to " The Honiet." on the W.L station, 
and aided in the capture of a notorious pirate- 
ship and slaver. Al:ister com. Mardi .'!, 1S.31 ; 
capt. Sept. 8, 1841; in 1842 ordered to the 
razee " Independence ; " and in 1 S46 took com. 
of " The Ohio," and took part in the bom- 
bardment of Vera Cruz ; he then com. the 
Brazil sqnadron ; in 1851 the Gosport navy- 
yard; in U-32-5 the Jlediterranciin squiidion, 
his flagshi;) being " The Cumlx^rland ; " in 
March, 18G1, he w.is app. flag-oflieer of the At- 
lan'ie block, squad., and ordered to " The 
Minnesota" as his flagship. \Vith Gen. B. V. 
Batter, he com. the joint naval and military 
cxped. which captured Forts Ilattcras and 
Clark, Aug. 27 and 28. Sept. 28 he was re- 
lieved from com. at his own request ; July 16, 
r,'G2, he was made a rcar-adm. on the retired 
list; now (1871) port-adm. .Vcw York. 

Strong, C\LED. LL.D. (H.U. 1801), gov. 
of Ms., b. Xorthampton, Ms., Jan. 9, 1745 ; d. 
there Xov. 7, 1819. H.U. 17G4. He studied 
l.iw, but did not establish himself in practice 
till 1 772. He took a decided ])art in the cause 
of lil)erty ; was in 1775 app. one of the com. 
of safetv ; in I77G-SO was an active member of 
the legl-1. ; councillor 1780; in 1779 assisted" 
in forming the State const.; in 1787 that of 
the U.S., and exerted himself in the State Con- 
vention to procure its ratification. App. in 
1731 to a seat on the supreme bench, he de- 
clined the oflfice; in I7SD-97 he w.as a U.S. 
senator; and gov. of Ms. in 1800-7 and 1812- 
K>, — the diSculr period of the last war with 
Ln -land. As n Federalist, h" op;>osed the war ; 
and his conduct was severely censured by his 
("ilitieal o;iponen;s. Wh'n r-qui i'loi w.s 
•na I-.- upon him for troo;)S, he, in comuiun wiih 



the whole Federal party of N. Eng., denied the 
right of the Prcs. ui)on constitutional grounds. 
Though Gov. Strong so ]>o.sitively declined 
answering calls which bo considered unconstitu- 
tional, ho was ready to ado|it every measure 
which the safety of state demanded ; and, as it 
was amply delcnded, no k\\\ resulted from the 
dilTcrencc between the State and National au- 
thorities. — ,See Ills l.if-liij Aldiii bmdford, 8vo, 
1820: Slioitfi Famili/'ly B. iV. Dicii/ht, 2 xoh. 
8vo. 1S71. 

Strong, Gev. George C, b. Stockbridge, 
Vt., 1832; d. July 30, 1SG.3, from wounds re- 
ceived in the assault on Fort Vv'agner, Charles- 
ton harbor. West Point, 1857. Losing his 
father, he was adopted in the family of his 
uncle, A. L. Strong of Easthampton, Ms. At 
West Point he held the post of 1st capt. of 
cadets 3 years. Placed on the rtt ff of Mc- 
Dowell al 3idl Run, he was highly compli- 
mented for cfiieieney at that battle ; he next 
served on McClellan's st;itF, but was detailed as 
ordnance-ofBcer by Gen. Bu'kr to the dept. of 
the Gulf, lie disling. himself at I'iloxj, and 
in the hazardous adventure up the Tangipahoa 
Kiver. Brig.-gcn. vols. 29 Xov. 1SG2'; capt. 
ordnance 3 Mar. 1863. He was a brave and 
skilful officer, and led the assaultiu'r column at 
Fort Wagner 18 July, 1863, with veteran 
courage and judgment. Author of " Cadet 
Life at West Point," 18G2.— tW/«m. 

Strong, J.VMKS, D.D. (AVesl. V. 1856), 
theol. writer, b. N.Y. Citv, Aug. 14, 1822. 
Wcsl. U. 1844.' From 1858 to Dee. 1861 he 
W.IS prof, of biblical lit., and acting pros, of 
Trov C, X.Y. ; prof, of exeg. theol. m Drew 
Theol. Scm., M.adi.-on, N. J.,'sinee 1868. He 
pub. a " Harmony and Exjiosition of the Gos- 

fels," 1854 ; and.' on a similar plan, a " Greek 
larmonyof the Gospels," 18.54 ; " Manuals of 
Greek aiid Hebrew Grammar ; " "Outlines of 
Theology ; " " Appeal to Sunday-school Ef- 
forts ; " articles in the .1AM Qiaiierli/ Ftevie-io 
and Clirisfl'in Advocate ami ./onninl. With 
Kev. Dr. McClintock, he prepared the " Cyelop.'C- 
dia of Biblical, Theol., and Eecles. Literature." 
Strong, J.v-MES H., commo. U.S.X., b. 
C.anandaigua, N.Y., Apr. 26, 1814. Son of 
Judge Elisha B. Midshipm. Feb. 2, 1829; 
lieut. Sept. 1841; com. Apr. 24, 18G1; capt. 
Aug. 5, 1805; commo. Mar. 1870; com. 
steamer " Mohawk," 1861 ; steamer " Flag," 
1862r andsteam-sloop"Monongahela," 1863-5. 
In Xov. 1863 he conveyed a division of Gen. 
Banks's army to Brazos, and aided in cajjture 
of battery at Arkansas Pass. At the battle of 
Mobile Bay, " The MonongaheUi " attacked the 
rebel ram " Tennessee," and forced her to sur- 
renilcr. ^ 

Strong, Nathan, D.D. (N. J. Coll. 1801), 
scholar aud theologian, b. Coventry, Ct., 5 
Oct. 1748; d. Hartford, Dec. 25, 1816. Y.C. 
1769; tii'or -1772-3. Son of Rev. Xathan. 
Ord. pastor of tho First Church in Hartford, 
Jan. 5, 1 774. In the Revol. war ha was a 
pat:iot, and a chaplain in the army ; in talents, 
lenmin^, and usefulness he h' Id the first rank 
among his asso- iatcsin the ministry. He pul). 
2 vols, of sermons, 1798-1800; and "Tht 
Doc'.rine of Eternal Jlisery Consistent with 
the luf Benev. of God," a vol. in vindication 



880 



STTT 



of the doctrine of fiitun- mini.shincnt, 1796. 
lie was also editor of the kriiwi. Miu/. ; prin- 
cipal founder of the mi-sionary see. of Cl. in 



1798. He possessed great shrewdness and wit 
as well ii> slronj; common sense. 

Strong, Xeiiemiaii, prof of mathematics 
at Y.C. 1770-81; h. Xorthampion, 24 Fell. 
1730; d. Brid;,'eport, Ct., 12 Auj;. 1807. Y.C. 
1755; tutor there 1757-60. Minister of Sims- 
bury, now Granhy, 21 Jan. 1761-8. He pub. 
"Astronomy Iinprovi-d," 17S4. 

Strong,'SiMKOx, LL.D. (II. U. 1805), jur- 
ist, 1). Nurthanipton, 6 Mar. 17.36 ; d. Amherst, 
Dkv. 14, 1S05. Y.C. .1756. He was several 
years a pnacher; hut, his health not permitting 
his continuance in that erauloymi iit, he studied 
law;; was adm. to the hur in 1761, and became 
eminent in ihr profession. Representative 1767- 
9; sinator 1 793; auil in 1801-5 was a judge 
of the Ms. Sup. Coun. — See Panojist for 
1812, 4.33-6, 

Strong, TnEODORE, LL.D. (Rntg. Coll. 
1835), mathematieian, b. S. Iladlev, Ms., 26 
July, 1790; d. X. Brunswick, N. ."I., Feb 1 
1869. Y.C. ISI2. Son of Rev. Joseph (Y.c! 
1784). On (|uitiing Yale, he was tutor in llam. 
Coll., N.Y'., 1812-16, and in 1816-27 jirof. of 
matheinatios and nat. pbilos., changing in 
1827 the scene of his labors to Rutg. Coll., 
New Brunswick, where he ecmiinued until 
1S62. In 1859 he puh. his " Treatise on Algis 
bra," — a work original in its method and^in 
many of its conclusions. lie succeeded in 
solving by a diie; t method the Irreducible Case 
of Cubic Equations left by Cardan, which had 
badled the best mathematicians of Europe; 
and he also discovered a method of extniciing 
by a direct process, for the first time, anv root 
of any integral number. At the time "of his 
death he had prepared for the press a vol. on 
the Ditierential and Integral Calculus. lie 
pub. many mathematical papeiB in SMiman's 
Joiinml. An orig. member of the Nat. Acad, 
of Arts and Sei -nccs. 

Strong, TiTi s, n.D., Pr.-Epis. clergvman, 
b. Brighton, Ms., Jan. 26, 1787; d. June II, 
1355. Leaving the trade of a printer, he en- 
gaged early in politics. Becoming a decided 
churchman, he was ord. deacon in 1814, priest 
in 1826, and labored in Greenfield, Ms., to the 
close of his life. His" Candid Examinaiionof 
the Pr.-Epis. Church " is one of the most effi- 
cient productions of its class. H- also pub. the 
" Scholar's Guide," lK\-idi9 preparing several 
elementary l>ook3 for common schools, and 
frequi ntly eontriliuting to the p.riodical press. 
Stroud, George JIcDowei.l, b. Stroiids- 
burg, Pa., Get. 12, 1795. N.J. Coll. 1817. 
Many years an eminent judge of the District 
Court of Phila. Has pub. "Sketch of the 
Laws r.-lative to Slavery in Scvi nil of the 
States," 1^27 and 185G; some pamphlets and 
artirlcs in the /mic rti^., &r. — .VIilmie. 

Stryker, J.vmes, b. Richmond Co., N.T., 
1792; d. Sharon, Ct., 3 Jun.-, 1864. Col. 
Coll. Ii^09. Lic.n.sed to practice law 1813; 
capt. in the v.ar of 1812-15; judge in iho 
courts in Bull'alo. X.Y., l'^30-40; ori;inaror 
and editor of Striker's Am-r. [}:y('ii'rr nnd 
^fm|n-in^•, 6 vols. 8vo, 1849-55. He was at 
one time editor of the Bnffat: nrjmbliran, and 



contrib. to periodicals. A coinmi.ss. to nego- 
tiate with the Si.x Nations for their removaf to 
the West. 

Stuart, Alexander, H. II., politician b 
Staunton, Va., Apr. 2, 1807. Wni. andM. 
Coll. 1825. U. of Va. 1828. Adm. to the 
bar at Staunton in 1828; m'-mUrof thi- young 
men's convention in Washington in 1832; of 
the Vn. house of delegates in 1836-9; M.C. 
1841-3 ; sec. of the interior l8.')0-3; State wn- 
otor 1857-61. He wm active in the canvasses 
pn.'ceding the election of Harrison and fill- 
niorc, and ndvo<ated the election of IKnry 
Clay, his personal friend, in 1844. In lt^44 ho 
delivered the annual aildress before the Amer 
Institute in New York. 

Stuart, CiiABi-ES B., eng. in chief U.S.N, 
b. 1814. Author of "Naval Dry Docks cf the 
L.S " 1851 ; "Naval and Mail Steamers of 
the L.S.," 1853; "Railroads of the U.S. and 
Canada," 1855; "Water- Works of the US " 
I.SW. 

Stuart, GiLRERT CitARLEs, portrait-paint- 
er, b. Xarraganset, R.I., 1754; d. Boston, July 
9, 1828. lie was first taught by a Seoitist 
painter named Alcxand.r, by whom, nt alK)«t 
18 years of age, he was taklii to Edinburgh. 
He foon returned, and j.ainicil nt Xewporf, 
Boston, and New York; but, the war ninkin-i 
his prosiKcts hojicless, he went to Ix)ndoii^ 
where he was aided by Iknjnu.in Westwi.b 
mom y and instniciion. Smart painted a full- 
Icn:rih iiortrait of his l)cnefactor. now in the 
Bri i.sh National Gallery. Ab. 1781 he Icfraa 
practice in Lond., and hoon rose to gnat <mi- 
nence. Suliscfjnently he resided suec-ssivcly 
in Dublin and Paris, and painted a i ortrait of 
Louis XVI. Returning to Amer. i;i 1793, he 
painted at Phila. the will-known head of Wash- 
ington, the original of which is now in posses- 
sion of the Bos. on Atheiueum. Afier rcsiiiin-' 
in W!i.shington, he took up his iH-rman'nt al-odc 
in 1800 in Boston. Ilis Inst work was a i or- 
trait of John Qiiincy Adams. He p^iiiit.d 
many of the disiing. men of the Rcvol. and of 
the early period of i lie Uni< .n . H. ran ks anion" 
the first Amer. ponrait-iainters, and was a 
man of fine social f(ualiti(S Ilis daughters, 
Mrs. Stebliins and Miss Jane Stuart, lon'^- pur- 
sued their failier's iirofcssion in Boston. " 

Stuart, Isaac William, scholar, b. N. w 
Haven. 1:09; d. Hartlord, Ct., Oct. 2 1861 
Y.C. 1828. Son of Rev. Mo>cs. He tnuglit 
a while in the Ho] kins grammar- cliool, Hart- 
ford. A taste for the stiidv of hi ro-ivi hies 
and Oriental lit. led to his pnl.. in I WoVirans- 
l.:tion, with notes, of GlvpiKi'g " Es rv on tie 
Hi. ro.'lyphic i^vsiein of Cl.anino lion.'' El-ct- 
ed pro'. or(ir.-k and Latin in the Col!, of SC, 
here-iled in Columbia some year.s. Rctumin'' 
to Ilaittonl. K- was for ninnv year:- proi.ri. tor 
of the Wyllis EstaU", on whieh'stood thi'Cli;.r- 
ter Oak. lie wTote a " Liic of Nathan Hale " 
1856; "H.-irtfonI in the Ohlcn Time," 185.3; 
and an eluliorate Life of Jonathan Tninibul] 
1857; and edited, with Notes, the "(E<lipu.s 
Tyrannus " of Soplio<les, pub. l.';37. Hr w.ns 
tlirce times a meinbeT of the Ct. senat.', and 
was an orator of unusual excellence. — OU 
Urorii y„'r, Isfi2 
Stuart, Gen. Jasie!) E. B., b. Patriek Co 



831 



STU 



Va.,1832; kill d near Richmond, Va., Mav 11, 
1864. West Point, 1854. 1st lieut. 1st Cav. 
Dec. 20, 1S55; disting. himself in a fight with 
the Chcjcnncs, June 29, 185", when hcw.is se- 
verely woundeil; became capt. 22 Apr. 18C1 ; 
and resitrued May 14, 1S61. App. col. of a 
regt. of Va. cav. ; com. all the Coiiftd. cav. at 
Bull Run ; disting. himself at Lewinsville, Va., 
Sept. 13, 1861 ; mad.! brig.-gen. Sept. 1851 ; 
maj.-gcn. in 1862 ; conducted a brilliant incur- 
sion within Gen. MiClcLan's lines on the Pa- 
nmnkey, June 13, 1862, destroying much prop- 
erty, and causing very great alarm ; surprised 
Gen. Popv's headquarters at Catlett's Station, 
near the liappahannock, Aug. 22 ; and, ivith 
1,800 cavalry and 4 guns, passed from south 
of the Potomac, Oct. 9, crossing lietwcen Wil- 
liamsport and Hancock on the riglit wing of 
Gen. ilcClellan's army , traversed Md., and, Oct. 
10, entered Chambcr^burg, which was surren- 
dered without resistance, took a great quantity 
of spoil, and destroyed a vast amount of valua- 
ble property, and, retreating, crossed the Poto- 
mac on McClellan's left ; thus making a circuit 
of his army without loss. He was justly re- 
garded as a cavalry-olticer of great merit. Ho 
m. a dau. of Gen. Philip St. George Coolce. 
At Beverly Ford, Va., and in Md. and Pa. dur- 
ing the Gettysburg campaign, he was invaria- 
bly worsted by the Federal cavalry. He did 
good service in protecting Lee's army on its 
retreat from Gettysburg. He was mortally 
wounded in an encounter with Sheridan's cav- 
alry at Yellow Tavern, and died a day or two 
afterwards. 

Stuart, JoHV, D.D., founder of the Eng- 
lish Church in Upper Canada, b. Harrisburg, 
Pa., Feb. 24, 1740; d. Kingston, U.C, Aug. 
15, 1811. His father Andrew was a rigid Pres- 
bytciian. Young Stuart ha\ing made a voyage 
to Eng., where he was ord. priest, returned to 
Pliila. ab. 1 770, and for 7 years officiated as a 
missionary among the Indians of the Mohawk 
Valley. For them he made a translation of the 
New Testament into the Jlohawk language. 
Refusing allegiance to the revolted Colonies, 
he fled to Canada in 1781 ; was soon after 
chaplain in a prov. regt. ; and as a mis.^ionary 
travelled through the upper ])rovince, wh/re he 
labored with energy and success; in 1786 he 
settled at lungston, and for some time previ- 
ous to bis d -ath was chaplain to the legislative 
coumil. His son Sir James, LL.D., an emi- 
nent Canjulian jurist, chi f justice of Lower 
Canada, b. Fort Hunter, N.Y., Mar. 2, 1780, 
d. Quebec, Jul}- 14, l'-53. Cre.ited a baronet 
in 1840, called to the bar in 1801, solieitor-gen. 
1805-9, atty.-gcn. 1822-32, chief justice of 
L.C. 1838-5.3. Andkew, bis second son, also 
a distin;.'. jurist, and solicitor-gen. of L. Cana- 
da, b. Kingston, 1786, d. Quebec, Feb. 21, 1840. 
Un. Coll. To the Quebec Historical Society's 
" Trans. " he contrih. " Notes on the S.aguenay 
Country," a paper on the "Ancient Etrus- 
cans," and " Detached Thoughts upon the 
History of Civilization." — Morf/nn. 

Stuart, Sib John, a British gen., h. Ga. 
1761; d.< lilton, Eng., 1 April, 1815. John his 
father came to Ga. with Oglethorpe, became In- 
dian agent and one of the council, m. Miss Fen- 
wick, dau. of a wealthy citizen of Charleston, 
66 



S.C, was a loyalist, and d. in Eng. ITis son 
was educated at Westminster School ; entered 
the .3(1 Foot Guards in Jan. 1779; served imdcr 
Comwallis ; and was dangerously wounded at 
the battle of Guilford. He attained di?tinc- 
tion in the wars growing out of the French 
revol., and, while com. the British troops in 
Sicily, gained 4 July, 1S06, the splendid victo- 
ry of Maida over the French Gen. Regnier. 
For this seniee he received the (Jrder of the 
Balh, a gold medal, the thaulcs of parliament, 
and the freedom of t"hc city of Lcndon. He 
was subsequently lieut. -"ov. of Grenada, and 
d. a lient.-gen. and com.-m-chief of the West- 
em District. 

Stuart, Rev. Moses, D.D., theologian and 
philologi>t, h. Wilton, Ct., 26 JIareh, 1780; d. 
Andover, Ms., 4 Jan. 1S52. Y.C. 1799 ; tutor 
1802-4. Adm. to the bar in Danbury, Ct., Nov. 
1802; studied theology ; ord. pa^torofthe 1st 
Church, N. Haven, 5 Mar. 1806 ; and was prof, 
of sacred lit. in And. Theol. Sem. 2? March, 
1S10-4S. He was an excellent pulpit-orator, 
possessing a sonorous voice and a commanding 
and impassioned manner, and a teacher of dis- 
ting. usefulness and success. He pub. a " He- 
brew Grammar" in 1813, and another in 1831 ; 
commentaries on the Hebrews, Romans, Reve- 
lation, and the books of Daniel, of Ecclesias- 
tes, and of Proverbs ; a vol. of "Miscellanies," 
1846; " Conscience and the Constitution," a 
defence of the policy of Daniel Webster, 1350; 
"Hebrew Crestoraathv," 1829; "Letters to 
Dr. Channing on Religious Liberty," 1830; 
"The Mode of Christian Baptism," 1833; 
" Grammar of the New-Testament Dialect," 
1834; "Hints on the Prophecies," 1842; 
" Scriptural View of the Wine Question," 
1848; and a large ntunber of contribs. to the 
periodical press. 

Stuber, Dn. Henry, b. Phila. ab. 1770; 
d. there ab. 1792. Of German origin. He was 
a pupil of Dr. Kunze in Greek, Latin, and 
German, when that divine was connected with 
the U. of Pa. He studied medicine, obtained 
a situation in one of the public offices of the 
U.S. govt., and was engaged in the study of 
law when he died, sti'.l very young. lie wrote 
for the journals of the day ; and to the early 
editions of Franklin's Autobiography added a 
continuation, giving an historical account of 
his discoveries in electricity. — J. ]V. J-'raiicis, 
in S/nrks's Frnukhn. 

Sturges, JoN.VTnAN, LL.D. (Y.C. 1806), 
jurist, h. Fairfield, Am:. 23, 1740; d. there 
(Jet. 4, 1819. Y.C. 1759. He became a law- 
yer. Ill 1774 was a delegate to Congress; 
M.C. in 1789-92 ; judge of the Supreme Court 
of Ct. in 1792-1803. 

Sturgis, Sa.mcel Davis, brev. m.nj.-gen. 
U.S.A., fj. Shippensburg, Pa., 1822. We.-,t 
Point, 1846. Entering the 2d Dragoons, he 
served in the Mexican war, and was iiiiido 
prisoner while on a reconnoissance before the 
battle of Biiena Vista, but was soon exchanged. 
He subsequently served in Cal., New Mexico, 
nnil the Territories, and for his energy and 
skill against the Inilians was made capt. 3 
Mar. 1855. He com. at Fort Smith, Avk.. 
until 1861. All his officers resigneil, and joined 
the Southern Confederacy; and he evacuated 



SXTT 



srrti 



tlic fort on his iiwn rrsponsibiliiy, thus saving 
liis iHini. and iho Kovl. ])ro|HTt_v. Miiv 3 lie 
wiu upp. major 4111 Ciiv., and sctred in Mo. 
iiiidiT Ucn. Lyon, « hoin he succccdttl in com. 
iil'tir his iloiiih, at the luniiu of Wilson's Creek ; 
Am;,-. 10, 1861, he was niidc bri;;.-^>n. vols., 
u>i;;iicil to the nriny in Tenn., and afterward 
cum. iliedepi of Kansas ; in 1862 he was called 
to \Vasliin;.'itin, and nsvi;;iied to llic coin, of 
the lorlilicutions around the city. At the bat- 
tles of South Mountain, Antietam, and Freil- 
vrii'ksburi;, he coin, the 2d division 9tli army 
corps. Engapcil at the battle of Fnslcricks- 
biirj; 13 Dec. 1862 ; in o|iermions in Ky. Apr.- 
July, 1SG3; chief of cavalry, dopt. of the Ohio, 
July, 1S63, to Apr. 1S64, capturing Gen. 
Vaiicc and his command 13 Jan. 1864; en- 
gaged at Bolivar, Tenn., 10 May, 1864; and 
cxpcd. a^niinst Gen. Forrvst, and in the cotnbat 
near Gnniown, XIpi.. 10 June, 1S64 ; lieut.-col. 
6ih Cav. Oct. 27, 1863; col. 7th Cav. 6 May, 
1869; hrcv. col. for Fredericksliurg ; brig, and 
niiij.-ci'ii. 13 Mar. 1865. — VuUum. 

Stuyresant, Peter, the last Dutch gov. 
of N. Y., I). Holland. 1602 ; d. N.Y. Tily, Aug. 
1682. lie served in the war in ihe W. Indies; 
became director of tlic colony of Cunn.oa ; and, 
h.ivin^ lost a leg in an unsuccessful atiack on 
the Portuguese islam) of St. Martin, returned 
to Holland in 1644. Gov. of N.Y. 1647-64. He 
exerted himself vigorously to repress the en- 
croaihmems of the .Swedes and Engli.-h, and in 
165.1 took the Swedish fort Casiinir, afterwards 
called N\'W Castle, in Delaware Bay. An ex- 
peil. under the Kng. colonel, Ni hols, eoiU|H'lled 
liiiu lo eapimlate 27 Aug. 1664; and the New 
Netherlands became an Eug. possession, lie 
returned to Holland to re|iort to his sufwrior, 
and sulxcqnently resided on his firm in N.Y. 
He had two sons by his wife Jmlith Bayard. 
Heeoneiliuted the Indians, and made honorable 
treaties respecting lioundarics with the people 
of Ct., and was dignilicd, honest, and true, 
but urisioerniic and arbitrary. Irving has 
immortalized him in the humorous pages of 
" Knickerbocker." 

Sucrd (siHi'-kra), Gex. Antonio Jose 
DE, next to Bolivar, the greatest lienelactor of 
S. America, l>. Cumana, Venezuela, 1793; as- 
sassinated while on his way to Pasio, New 
Granada, in 18.')0, by order of the traitor Gen. 
Obando. Was educated at Caraceas. Entered 
the army in 1811. and coin, the patriots at the 
battle of Pichincha (May 24. 1822), by which 
was secured the indcp. ol Coloml>ia ; in June, 
1823, he was elected com. iu chief of the patriot 
forces iu Peru ; Dee. 9, 1824, gained the baitle 
of A>Ticu(lio. ihc most brilliant ever fought in 
S. America, and which secured the indeiicnd- 
encc of Pent. He afterwarils litienileu Bo- 
livia, and was in 1826 app. bv the Congre.<s of 
that republic prvs. for life. l"ho revol. in Peru 
in 1827, which overthrew the govt, of Bolivar, 
cxericd «n unfavorable intimnce in Bolivia; and 
an insurrection took place, in which Sucre' was 
aitiicketl and dangcrouslv wounded. On his 
rev'ovcry in Aug. 1823 lie rcsignol, and re- 
lumed to Colombia, and w.is at once made 

; of ilie Colombian Army of the Souib, 

i>i>d )iO'iiical chief of the sonlUern dept. uf the 
Cu.uinbiaii npuulic; in itki* capacity he led 



hit Iroopc in a scries of military opernlioni 
which luriuinatctl in ibe defeat and capitulation 
of the Peruvians, under &'n. Luiuar, at Tar- 
ipii, Feb. 20, 1829. He was the tirst pn.'s. of 
the Cont. Congrvss of Bogota in 18.10, ami was 
delegated by that body as one of the i-onimiss. 
to propose friendly lerms with Venciucla. 
When this nii.vion had proved nn»ul■cc^sful, 
and the Congress had closed its labors, he was 
procei-iling to the soulliern departments to 
appease certain disturbances which had arisen 
under Gen. Florcs, when he inci his nniimely 
fuic. 

Sullivan, James, LL. D. (H. U. 17801. 
statesman and jurist, b. Berwick, .Me., Apr. 12, 
1744; d. Boston Dec. 10, 1808. Bro. of C.en. 
John. John I is father, a man of liberal educa- 
tion, camo from Irelanil in 1723, anil d. July, 
1795, a. 104. Janus was intcndcil for a mili- 
tary life ; but the fracture of a limb caused him 
to study law under his bro., anil he practised 
some years at Biddiford. receiving in 1770 
the app. of king's atty. for York Co. He took 
an early and ocrive pan in the Rcvol. iiiovc- 
mcnt ; was a member of the Prov. Congress 
of Ms. (of which Maine then formed a part) 
in 1775, and wiih two others executed ally a 
difficult mission to Tieonderoga. Early in 
1776 he was app. ajud.^of the Superior Court, 
which post he re-igned in Feb. 17S2 ; in 1779- 
80 he was a member of the State Const. Conv. ; 
in 1 784-5 ho was a delegate to Congress, and 
he was rciicateilly chosen a repiesentative of 
Boston (whither he had removed) in thelcgisl.; 
in 1784 he was a comiiii>s. to settle the con- 
troversy between .Ms. and N. Y. respecting 
their claims to Western lands ; in 1787 he 
was of the exec, council, and judge of pro- 
bate for Suffolk Co.; atty .-gen. 1790-Junc, 
1807, when he was elected gov. by the Repub- 
lican party, and re-elected in 1808. He was 
one of the commiss. app. by Wasliini;ton for 
settlini; the Imundaries between the U S. and 
the British Provinces; he was the projector 
of the Middlesex Canal, construclwl under the 
supiTinlendence uf his son John L. : a meinlicr 
of the Amer. Acad, of Art> and Sciences from 
its institution ; a principal founder and many 
years prcs. of the ils. Hist. Society. He pub. 
"Observations on the Govt, of the U.S.," 
1791 ; "A Dissertation on the Stabiiiiy of the 
Stales;" "The Path to Riches, or Disserta- 
tion on Banks ; " " History of Maine," 1795 ; 
" Impartial Review of the Causes, &c., of the 
French Revol.,"8vo, 1798; "Corresp. wiih Col. 
Pickering." 1803 ; " History of I.,and-'l iilcs in 
.Ms.," isbl ; •' Di>sert;>tion on the Const. Lib- 
erty of the Press." 1801 ; " A Hi>iory of the 
Penobscot Indians," in ihc Ms. Hist. "Colls. ; " 
and " The Altar of Baal Tom Down." 8to, 
1795. His Life, with selections fi-oni Lis writ- 
ings, by his grandson Thos. C. Amory, was pub. 
2 vols.'8vo. 1859. 

Sullivan, John. LL.D. (H.U. 1780). m.ij.- 
g>n. Rovol. armv. b. Berwick. Me.. F.b. 17, 
1740; il. Diirliaiii. N.H.. .Tan. 2:1, 1795. Ho 
]miciiscd law wiih siicce-s iu Duiliam, and 
ti'om 1772 held ilic cnmiuission »f major. In 
1774 he was a member of the first Gin. Con- 
gress, and in Dec led, wiih John I^mgdon, a 
lorce against Fort William and Mary, near 



srrxi 



883 



STTL 



rorlsmoutli, nnd took 100 barrels of gunpowder 
(uliorwarJ used at Bunker's Hill), 15 cannon, 
small-arms, and stores; June 22, 1775, he was 
npp. bv Congress a brig.-gen., and com. on 
Winier Hill at the siege of Boston ; after the 
cvacnation he was sent with reenforceint-nts to 
t'.ie iiorilicrn army in Canada, of which he 
took com. June 2, 1776; planned the unsuc- 
cessful attack upon the British at Trois 
Itivicres, nnd, in effecting his retreat from the 
Province, displayed skill and resolution. Con- 
irrcss having npp. Gates to th it dept., Sullivan 
joined the army under Washington. Made a 
maj.-gen. Ang. 10, 1776, he acted under Put- 
nam on Long Island, and on the disastrous 
day of Aug. 27, 1776, was taken prisoner, hut 
was soon exchanged for Gen. Prcscott, and 
was with Washington in the autumn at West- 
che.«ier. After Lee's capture, Sullivan took 
com. of his division, led the right at Trenton, 
did good service at Princeton, and during the 
rest of the season praiected the lines atMorris- 
lown ; Aug. 22, 1777, he made a descent on 
S:atcn Island, which came near being success- 
ful. He com. the right wing nt Brandywine, 
and was fully exonerated by Washington and 
Lafiiyctie from the charge of being responsible 
for that defeat. He defeated and drove the 
British left at Gcrmantown ; but mistakes on 
the Amer. left, occasioned by the fog, changed a 
victory into a repulse. In Aug. 1778 he com. 
in Rhode Island; but deprived of the expected 
co-operation of D'Estaing's fleet, upon which 
success depended, Sullivan was obliged to raise 
the siege. At Butt's Hill, on the 29th, he 
repulsed the enemy, and withdrew from the 
islanil wiih slight loss. In 1779 he com. an 
cxped. against the Indians of the Si.x Nations, 
laid waste their settlements, and, Aug. 29, in- 
flicted a severe defeat on the Indians under 
Brant, and Tories under Sir John Johnson, at 
Newtown, in Western N. Y. Owing to his 
shattered health, he then resigned, and received 
a vote of thanks from Congress. In the au- 
tumn df 1780 he again took his seat in Con- 
gress, nnd was chairman of the com. which 
aided in suppressing the mutiny of the Pa. 
troops in 1781. Resuming practice in N.H., 
he was atty.-gen. in 1782-6, and was in 1786- 
9 president of the State; member of the State 
Const. Conv. of 1784 ; State councillor 1785 ; 
a commissioner to settle the "New-Hampshire 
grant " troulde with Vt. In 1786 he sai'cd the 
State from anarchy by his intrepidity and good 
management, and in 1788 secured the adoption 
of the Federal Constitution. From 1789 till 
his death he was US. judge of N.H. His 
Life, by O. W. B. Pcabody, is in Sparks's 
" Amer. Biog. ; " and another, by Thomas C. 
Amorv, was pub. 1868. His youngest son, 
Georgi; (b. 29 Ang. 1771, d. 14 June, 18.38, 
II. U. 1790), was an eminent lawyer. M.C. 
1811-1.3; atty.gen. of N.H. 1806-7 and 1816- 
36. He published orations, addresses, and 
pamphlets. 

Sullivan, John Lasgdon, M.D. (Y.C. 
1837), engineer and inventor, son of Gov. 
J:imes, b. Saco, Mc, Apr. 9, 1777; d. Boston, 
Feb. 9, 186.1. II. U. 1807. After engaging in 
mercantile business, he travelled in Europe, 
Etudying the construction of canals in France 



andEng. ; and in 1804 was app.agentand ensr 
of the Middlesex Canal, between Boston anc 
Concord, N.H., and for the improvement of ilia 
Merrimack. He invented a steam tow-boat, for 
which he received a patent in 1814 in prefer- 
ence to Fulton, his priority of discovery bein" 
fully shown. In 1824 he was app. by Pre° 
Monroe assoiiate civil engr. of the board of 
int. improvements ; which post he resigned in 
1825, after reporting the practicability of a 
canal across the Alleghanies. In 18.37 "he en- 
gaged in the practice of medicine at Now 
Haven ; afterward adopted the homa>opatliic 
system, and made some important inventions 
and discoveries both jn medicine and surgerv. 
In 1 847 he removed to New York. 

Sullivan, William, LL.D. (HU. 1826), 
lawver and scholar, b. Saco, Me., 30 Nov. 
1774; d. Boston 3 Sept. 1839. H.U. 1792. 
Son of Gen. James. He acquired a lucrative 
practice at the Suffolk bar ; was frequcnilv a 
member of the legisl. and council of Ms. be- 
tween 1804 and 1830; a delegate to the State 
Const. Conv. of 1820; brig.-gen. of militia ; 
and was a member of the Acad, of Arts and 
Sciences, of the Ms. Hist. Soc, and of the Amer. 
Philos. Soc. He was an elegant belles-lettres 
scholar, and a persuasive orator. He pub., be- 
sides addresses, " Familiar Letters on the 
Public Men of the Revol.," 18.34, in vin- 
dication of the Federal partv ; "Sea-Life," 
1837 ; " Political Class-Book,'' 1830 ; " Moral 
Class-Book," 18-33; "Hist. Class-Book;" 
" Historical Causes and Effects," 1837. To an 
enlarged edition of " The Public Men of the 
Revol.," Phila. 1847, his Life was prefixed by 
his son, Jons Turner S.vrgeant, b. Bos- 
ton, 1813, d. there 30 Dec. 1848. He was 
educated in Germany; practised law in Phila. 
and St. Louis ; nnd was the author of many 
well-known songs and translations from thi' 
German. His social and convivial qualities 
were extraordinary. 

Sully, Alfred, brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A , 
b. Pa. ab. 1820. West Point, 1841. Entering 
the 2d Inf., he served in Florida war 1841-2 ; at 
the siege of Vera Cruz, Mex.,Mar. 1847 ; capi. 
2d Inf 23 Feb. 1852; col. 1st Minn. Vols. 22 
Feb. 1862 ; maj. 8th Inf 15 .Mar. 1862 ; brig.- 
gen. vols. 26 Sept. 1862 ; lieut.-col. 3d Inf 28 
July, 1866 ; assigned to 19th Inf 15 Dec. 1870. 
He com. a brigade in the Peninsular campaign ; 
and was brev. lieut.-col. 1 June, 1862, for Fair 
Oaks; col. 1 July, 1862, for Malvern Hill; 
was engaged at South Mountain, Antietam, 
Fredericksburg, and Chanccllorsvillc; com. a 
brigade in Dakotah in 186.3-6; and 13 Mar. 
1865 was brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A. for gallant 
nnd merit, services in campaign against the In- 
dians in the North-west, nnd nt the l>attle of 
White-sionc Hill, Dak. Terr., 3 Sept. 1863.— 
Cii/htm. 

Sully, Thomas, painter, b. Horncastle, 
Lincolnshire, Eng.. June, 1783. He came to 
the U.S. with his parents, who were players, in 
1 792, and began to paint in 1798 at Charleston, 
S.C. He established himself as a port.-pnintcr 
in Richmond, Va., in 1803, and a few years 
after in N.Y., where he had a lucrative practice. 
In 1809 he went to Phila., where he has since 
rcsided,3pcciallyexcellingin delineating fcmala 



fcrCTM 



884 



STr:M 



lovt'lincss. Amonu his larcc works arc fu!l- 
lcni:th'i of George Frederic Cooke as " RichnrJ 
the Third," Dr. Renjainin Kush. Comimulore 
Decatur, Jefferson, and Lafayette. IIi> will- 
known picture of " Washiniilon crossing the 
Delaware" is in [losscssion of the Boston Mu- 
seum. Uurini; a visit to En;;;, in IS37-8, he 
painted a full-leniith of Queen Victoria, es- 
teemed a very faithful likeness. His portraits 
of Cooke, Mrs. Wood the sinsjer, and Fanny 
Ki-nible. are among the most successful of his 
efforts. 

Summerfleld, Jons, an eloquent preach- 
er, h. rrcstoi, !".ng., Jan. 31, 1798; d. X.Y. 
June 13, 1825. A.M. of N.J. Coll. 1822. He 
was educated at a Moravian school ; was des- 
tined by his father for the Mcth. ministry, and 
exhibited preat precocity of intellect, hut fall- 
ing; into bad habits, was at one time in prison 
in Liverpool. Ilis father removed to l)ul)lin 
in 1^13, where, at the ag:e of 19, the son joined 
the \Veslevan so -iety. Becomini a preacher 
in the Irisli conf. in i$19, he in 1821 came with 
bis father to Amcr., and was received as a 
preacher in the N.Y. conf. In 1822 he visited 
Phila., Baltimore, and Washington : but his 
constitution, naturally feeble, pave way ; and, to 
restore his health, ho sailed in December for 
France. After visiting Enp., ho returned to 
IC.Y. in April, 1824, with little improvement 
of health, but continued to travel, and to preach 
with great success, and aided in founding the 
Amer. Tract Society. His " Sermons, and 
Sketches of Sermons," were pub. in N.Y., one 
vol. Svo, and a Biographv, bv John Holland, 
Svo. N.Y. 1829. 

Summers, Thomas Osmond, D.D., 
clergvman, b. near Corfc Castle, Dorsetshire, 
Eng.! Oct. 11,1812. He came to the U.S. in 
his 18lh year. Became a Melh. in 1832; 
began to preach in 1 834 ; adm. to the Baltimore 
conf. in 1835 ; and app. on the Augusta cir- 
cuit, Va., where he had to travel 2.)0 miles, 
and preach 30 sermons, a month. In Dec. 
1840 he wis one of the 9 preachers who con- 
stituted the first Texas conf. ; in 1844 he was 
a mcmlKT of that of Ala. ; sec. of the oonv. 
at Louisville, Ky., at which the ME. Church 
south was organized; and in 1846 was app. 
assist, editorof the Southern Cliristi'aii Ailrooite, 
and chairman of the com. to compile the new 
hymn-lKiok ; in 1850 he was elected by the Gen. 
Conf. its editorof b<Miks and tracts, of tho^'mi- 
rf(iv-sc/"W Visitor, and in 1858 also of its Q'lar- 
In'/ /tifieic. He has been sec. of every general 
conren'nce. Beside numerous tracts and 

Einipldeis, he has written "A Treatise on 
apii«m." "A Treatise on Holiness," "The 
Sunday-school Teacher," " Seasons, Months, 
and Days," " Talks Pleasant and Profitable," 
"The Golden Censer," " Scripture Catechism," 
2 vols., and a " Itefutation of Thomas Painc's 
Theological Writings." 

Sumner, Cihrles, LL.D. (H.U. I859), 

iraior and statesman, h. Boston, Jan. 6, 1811. 
n.C. 18.30; Camb. Law School. 1834. Job, 
his grandfather, major Revol. army, d 16 Sept. 
1789. Charles Pinckney. his father (b. Miltim, 
Ms., 20 Jan. 1776, d. 'Boston 24 Apr. 1839, 
H.r. 1 7'J6), high sheriffof Suffolk Co. 1825-39, 
pub. " Eulogy CD Washington," 1800; " The 



Compa«," a poem. del. at H.U. Sept. 179S , 
and delivered »ililrcs«es and poems on variima 
occasions. Charlc began pr.iclicc nt Bo-ton. 
18.'U. and was app reporter of the Cjrcuit 
Court ; lectured to the C.imb. Law School in 
183.5-7, 1843 ; travelled in Europe in 1837-40, 
1857-8, and in 1851 succeeded Daniel Webster 
as U.S. senator. After the delivery of his 
famous speech, "The Crime ngain*t Kansas," 
May 19-2U, 1856, he was assaiillc<t. while in 
his seal, by Preston S. Brooks, M.C. from S. 
Carolina, and so severely injured as to be nn- 
ablo to resume his public duties for 3 or 4 years. 
He took an active part as a public speaker in 
opposition to the annexation of Texas, in >np- 
port of Van Buren for the presidency in 1848. 
and was identified with the jicace and nnri- 
slavery movements of the day. In l!ic senate 
he opposed the fugiiivc-slave act in a s|ioccli. in 
whiih he declan^l, " Freedom is nniional, and 
slavery .sectional." In the debates on the 
repeal of the Missouri Compromise, and on the 
contest in Kansas, he took a leailing part On 
resuming his seat in the senate, his first speech 
was on " The Barbarism of Slavery," June 4, 
1860. lie early proposed cmaniipaeion as the 
S|>cedicst method of eiuling the Uelx-llion ; and 
from .Mar. 4, 1861, to 1870. was chairman of 
the senate com. on foreign atfairs. In 1831 he 
became chief editor of the Amer. Jurist ; etlircd 
"Dunlapon Admiraltv," 1836 ; 3 vols, of Cir- 
cuit-Ct. Reports, 1829-.39; with J. C. Per- 
kins, edited Vesey's " Cliaucerv Reports." 20 
vols. Svo ; wrote for GaU'/nani's .1/- isfii<jrr a 
defence of our N.E. boundary-claims; and 
suggested to Mr. Wheaion a work on the Law 
of Nations. Among his orations, sj>c<K'lies, 
arc "The True Grandeur of Nation*," 1845; 
" The Scholar, the Jurist, the Artist, the 
Philanthroj)ist," 1846; "Fame and Giory," 
1847 ; " White Slavery in the Bnrbary Slates," 
1847; "Law of Human Progress" 1848; 
" Finger-Point from Plymouth Koik." 18.53 ; 
"Landmark of Freedom," 18.54; "The Anti- 
slavery Enterprise," 1855; '■ Po>iiion and 
Duties of the Merchant," 1855 ; •• Our Foreign 
Relations." 186.3 ; " The Case of the FloridnV 
1864; "The Provi-ions of the Dwl. of In- 
dep. ; " " Eulogy on .\braham Lincoln." 1865 ; 
"The National Security and the National 
Faith," 1865; "Our Claims on England." 
Apr. 13, 1869. A coll. of his speeches was 
pub. 2 vols. 1851; recent spei-ches and ad- 
dresses. 1856 ; his complete works, with a 
Memoir by Dr. Charles A. Phelp«. are now in 
press (Lee' & Shepard, Boston, 1870-2). 

Sumner. Edwin Vose, maj.-gen. U.S.A., 
b. Boston, >l3., Jan. 1796 ; d. Svracuse, N.Y., 
Mar. 21, 1863. Son of Seih. His youth was 
passed at Milton ; and his early education was 
rcceivol at the acad. there. At 15 he entered 
a mercantile establishment at Montreal, and in 
1812 pursued the same career with Stephen 
Hipgin-on, jun., of Boston. App. in Marrh, 
1819, 2d lieut. 2d Inf., he served in the Black- 
Hawk war; 1st lieut. July, 1823; capt. 2d 
Dragoons, March, 18.33 ; served many years on 
the Indian frontier: maj. 2d Dragoons, June 
.30, 1846; in April. 1847, led the famous cavalry 
charge at Cerro Gonlo ; wounded, and brevet 
ted lieut. -col. ; disting. at Contreras and Chnm 



SUM 



88.5 



SUM 



bnsco ; and lU Molino ikl Rev com. the entire 
cavalry, liokliiig In check 5,000 Mexican lan- 
cers; for his gallantry brev. col.; ilisiin;,'. in 
Col. Harney's affair at Meilelin, Mex., .Mar. 25, 
1S47 ; lieut.-col. 1st Drag.<. July l.'j, 1848; eol. 
Mar. 3, 18.55 ; milit. gov. of N. Mexico 1851-3, 
wlien selected lor special duty in Europe. In 
July. 1857, he led a successful exped. against 
llie Cheyenncs, whom he defeated at Solomon's 
Fork of the Kansas River. In March, 1861, 
he superseded Gen. A. S. Johnston iu the com. 
of the Pacific dcpt. ; became brig.-gen. Mar. 
IG, 1861 ; raaj.-gen. U.S. Vols. July 11, 1862; 
brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A. May 21, 'l 862. He 
com. the 1st cor|)S in tlie Army of the Potomac ; 
com. the left wing at the siege of Yorktown ; 
and was in all the battles of the Peninsula, 
and twice wounded. At Fair Oaks he ren- 
dered most important service, and earned h^s 
jiromoiion. Assigned to com. the 2d corps on 
the rc-organization of the army, he was wounded 
at Antielam ; and at Fredericksburg, 13 Dee. 
1862, com. the right grand division of the Army 
of the Potomac. He left two sons, Edwin 
v., Jan., and Samuel S., both capts. of 
cavalry, U.S.A. 

Sumner, George, M.D., physician, and 
prof, of boianv at Trin. Coll., Harttord, b. Pom- 
Iret, Ct., Dec' 19, 1793; d. Hartford, Feb. 20, 
1855. Y.C. 1813. He studied raed. at New 
Haven and at Phila. ; established himself in 
Hartford in 1819, and for several years deliv- 
ered lectures on botany to young ladies. In 1820 
ho pub. a compendium of Physiological and 
Systematic Botany. 

Sumner, George, son of C. P., and bro. 
of Charles, b. Boston, Feb. 5, 1817; d. there 
Oct. 6, 1863. He studied at Heidelberg and 
Berlin, and travelled many years in Europe, 
Asia, and Africa, acquainting himself with in- 
ternal, law, the codes politic, institutions, 
and philanthropic organizations, of each coun- 
try. To his labors, in conjunction with those 
of Dr. S. G. Howe, we owe the establishment 
here of schools for idiots. He was olien con- 
sulted by foreign govts, upon questions of polit. 
economy; and such men as Humboldt and De 
Tocqueville paid tribute to his learning and 
accuracy. Between Nov. 1 and Mar. 15, 1860, 
he delivered 102 lectures in the U.S. He pub. 
Memoirs of the Pilgrims at Leyden, " Ms. Hist. 
Colls.," 3d ser. vol. ix. : " The Pa. System of 
Prison Discipline,"' 1847 ; " Progress of Re- 
form in France," 1853; oration bef. the citj- 
authorities of Boston, July 4, 1859. Author 
also of many articles in American and foreign 
periodicals. — Allibone. 

Sumner, Increase, LL.D., judge, and 
gov. of Ms. 1797-9, b. lioxbury, Nov. 27, 
1746; d. June 7, 1799. H.U. 1767. His an- 
cestor William, of Oxfordshire, Eng., settled 
in Dorchester, Ms., ab. 1635, and held various 
public offices. Increase his father, a prosper- 
ous farmer, d. Nov. 28, 1774. The son taught 
school at IJoxbury two years, studied law in 
the office of Samuel Qiiiucy, was adm. to the 
bar in 1770, and conimenee<l practice in Kox- 
bury. Kcprescntativc in 1776-80 ; a senator in 
1780-2; and in Aug. 1782-97 was an assoc. 
judge of the Sup. Jud. Court ; member of the 
State Const. Conv. 1779, and in 1789 of that 



assembled for the adoption of the Federal Coir 
sniution. He m. Elizabeth, dan. of William 
llvs.u'p. — Gmcul. Ii"J-, viii. 105. 

Sumner, Gen. Jethro, b. Va. ; d. War- 
ren Co., N.C. Wm. his father emig. from 
England a!i. 1690, and settled near Sullulk, 
Va. Jeihro was in 1760app. paymaster in the 
prov. army of that Stale, and com. of Fort 
Cumberland. By the Prov. Congress which 
met at Halilax, A"pr. 4, 1776, he was app. col. 
of the 3d Ilegl., with which he joined the army 
of Washington at the north; Jan. 9, 1779, he 
was app. a brig.-gen. in the cont. service ; and i:i 
1780 was engaged in the disastrous battle nenr 
Camden. He was actively engaged in N.C. 
until he joined Greene upon the liigh Hills of 
Santee. He was at the battle of Eutaw ; and, 
after the abduction of Governor Burke, he was 
sent by Greene into N.C. to overawe the Tories 
and encourage the Whigs. After the war. 
Gen. Sumner m. a wealthy widow at Newbern. 
He was buried near old Shoceo Chapel, and 
Bute Old Court House. His dau. m. Hon. 
Thos. Blount of Edgecombe.— Wheel,, ■Sy.':. 

Sumner, Gen. Wil[,iam Hvslop, b. 
DurclRster, .Ms., 4 Julv, I7S0; d. Jamaica 
Plain, Ms., 24 Oct. 1861. H.U. 1799. Son 
of Gov. Increase. He studied and practised 
law in Boston ; was a member of the Ms. 
legisl. in 1808-19, and adj.-gen. in 1818-34. 
Active in the improvement and settlement of 
East Boston. lie pub. " Memoir of Gov. Inc. 
Sumner," and " Bcminiscences," 1854; and a 
" History of East Bosion," 8vo, 1858. — See 
Geneal. licg., 1862. 

Sumter, Thomas, maj.-gen., b. Va. 1734; 
d. athi> residence, South Mount., near Camden, 
S.C., June 1, 1S32. He was a vol. in the old 
French war ; was present at Braddock's defeat, 
and early in life removed to the upper part of 
S.C. He took part iu the warfare against the 
Cherokees, and at its clo.se accomp. "Oconos- 
toiah," or the "Emperor," to Eng. on a visit, 
reiurnin;; home in 1763. He was prominent 
in the early ante-Rcvol. movements at Charles- 
tun ; iu Mulch, 1776, was app. lieut.-col. 2d 
Kegt. of riflemen, and stationed in the interior 
of the State to overawe Indians and loyal- 
ists. On the fall of Charleston in May, 1780, 
Sumter, then a col., took refuge in the swamps 
of the Santee, and, on the burning and rava- 
ging of his estate, retired to N.C., where he 
soon raised a larger force than he could arm ; 
July 12, 1780, he ntraeked a British detach- 
ment on the Catawba, totally routed and dis- 
persed the whole force, killed Capt. Huck, who 
com. the British, and Col. Ferguson, who com. 
the Tories. This success brou;:ht him re-cn- 
forcemenis, and with 600 men be made a spi- 
rited attack on the post at Hocky Mount, 
Aug. 1, but, having no artillery, was repulsed. 
Ill July he had been nuide a brig.-gen. in the 
State militia. Aug. 6 he attacked the post at 
Hanging Hock, where he annihilated the 
Prince of Wales's rcgt., and put to Highl a large 
body of X.C. Tories; on the IGth Aug. he 
captured a valuable convoy on the road from 
Charleston to Camden, but on the 18thwasover- 
taken, sur|jrised, and completely routed by 
Tarleton at Fishing Creek ; in 3 days, how- 
ever, he was again at the head of a respectabla 



srnsr 



S86 



s\v^v 



fon-e. Ho shifteil hU [losiiion fiii|iicnily in 
the viciniiy ol Bruiiil, Knnuroo, niul Ti^cr rivers, 
iiiuiiiiaiiiiii^ a cuniiiiuul !>kiriiii>liin;; niib ihc 
enemy, iK'aliii;; «p itieir i|Uiirior!., eiitlin^ olf 
their >u)>pliv'>, anil liurussiii); tliem l>y inevs^iiut 
ineur>ion< nnil nUuni'*. Nov. 12, he wa» at- 
tiu-koj nt Bioa.l Kiver l>y a Biiti-li o>r|.s, 
uhiiin li'.' deleaie.1, t iking pii-oner lluir loin., 
M.ij. Weinys. Xov. 20. lie wu» atla keil at 
Ula<k^tuck;> l)y TaiKton, wliom he iA|.nljeJ 
alter « severe iinil olwiinate action. Siiiuter, 
liuivevir. ixtvivetl a severe wonnil in the sliuul- 
tler. whicli fur gereml niunth!^ interrupted bis 
Ij.illaiit ean-er. J.m. 13, lTSl,he rcctiwd tlic 
lli.iiiks of Conjrress for his ciuineni ^erric«.•s. 
Coriinallis, writing to Tarluton after thii nlTiiir, 
says, ■• I slinll lie very glad to hear that Snin- 
ler is in a comliiion to give us no fnriher tn>u- 
ble. He certainly has been our (jrealcst 
plague in this country." Recovering from his 
wound early in Feb.'lTSl, he crossed the Con- 
parte, and destroyed the magaiines at Fort 
Gninliy ; t»o day's alter, he defeated nil escort 
of the' enemy, and captured the wagons and 
stores they VI ere conveying to Camden. At- 
tacked on the Broad' Kiver bv Maj. Fraser 
with a large force, he repulsed liiiu with loss. 
In M.ircb, ITSl. bo raised 3 regis., and co-op- 
erated «iih Marion until the end of the war, 
striking many successful Mows. May 10. 1 TSl , 
he eaptuad ilie Biitish (lost at Orangeburg; 
he soiin alter captured the jiosts at norchestcr 
and .Monks Comer. Ue was a distinguished 
nii.iiiU.-r of the conv. to adopt the Federal 
Const., which he approved, lie was minister 
to Brazil in IS09-1 1 ;• M.C. in ITfJI-g.t and 
179T-IS02; and U.S. senator in lSOI-10. His 
son Col. TiioM.vs d. near Statesburg, S.C, 
June 1.'). 1?40. a. Tl. 

Sunderland, Rev. La Roy, b. Exeter, 
E.I., ISIM; bevauie a .Meth. preacher at Wal- 
jiole, .\Is., 1823. ■ lie has lectured and pub. on 
the subji'cts of temiienini-c, slavery, Morinon- 
istn, magnetism, paihetism, spiritualism, and 
the iiiethwl of healing without nunlii-inc. Kd- 
itol the irci(cAiii<ii., X.Y., 1836-43; the .I/.17- 
Hel, 1S42-3; the 5/iiV/( - 1 Tu. /f/. Boston. I85l>- 
2 ; and has contrib. to 2^in"s llrraltt. Christ. 
AJi-octUe. M.ih. Quilt. Re, DO.-U. //nrs/i>i/or, 
^fMriltiiil Tffn^rrjfih, N.Y., &nii Hmilii ttf' Prof- 
rtss. — Allihoni. 

Susini (Uincklet) Isauklla, vocalist; 
d. New York, July 6, 1S62. Dau. of a physi- 
cian of Altwny. She earlv tuanil'estcil n taste for 
music ; and, iier voice lieing an excellent St>pra- 
no, grt-at care was spent uiion hervoc:il oiliiea- 
ti.in. -Vt IT ;he went to Italy; studietl there 
2 years under the lust nii.sters; then appe«r>-d 
in Italian opera in several Knix>inan capitals, 
and on her ivtnrn, in several American cities, 
King everyiv hen- favura''ly rvccived. In 1861 
she m. Si::. Susini, the well-known basso. 

SutClifT, UomiRT, a Friend, in mercantile 
business at Shetliild. rv-moveil with his family 
to the viciniiy of Itiila. in 1811, and d. in that 
year of a fever i-ontracted while a.«.sistin:; in cx- 
'tingui~hing a Arc. Author of " Travels in 
Some Pans of N.A. in 1804-6," Phila 1812. — 

Ai:::.„<. 

Sutherland, Joel B., b. 1:91 ; d. Phila. 
Nov ij. 18til. U. of Pa. 1 SI 2. llesvnedin 



the war of 1S12; was aurward in the I'a. 
legisl. ; M.C. 1827— °17, and chainnau of the 
cimi. on eommervx- 1835-7 ; and a judge of I he 
Phila. C. C. Pleas. Author of •' Mani-.al of 
lA-gislativo Practicv," 1830; " Cougns.-ionul 
Manual," 183U. 

SutlifiTe. ALDEnx, jioet, b. Meridcn, Ct., 
ab. 18.10. Pub. a vol. of |»jiiiis, Boston, ISJ'J. 
Ho contrib. to the .Yii/io-ni/ A.'m, (jtui.i^ i/ ili,- 
M'fsi, Cinein., 1854. Taught a iirivute m hool 
in Ky. ; and sini-v 1855 ba> n-sided in Minne- 
sota'— .s'..- I'lfiiwiJ PiMlri) i/tlit Wat. 

Suydam, James A., landscape-pinti r, 
b. Xov York; d. X. Conway, X. II., Ni r. 
1865. He was of an old X.Y. family ; ]«-■ ■■ 1 
a coin|ieteney, and devoliil much of lii- iii.j' 
and im-ome to the eni'imragviiK-nt of art unl 
the aid of struggling merit. His " I.x)ng-Island 
Shor« " is a characteristic laud.scapc. — Tif hi- 
imin. 

Swain, David Lowry, LL.D. (X.J. Coll. 
1841). sttttesmaii and «lueator. b. near Asbe- 
ville, XCJan. 4, 1801 ; d. Chai»I UUl, X.C . 
Sept. 3, 1868. V. of X.C. His father was I. 
Roxbury, SI.s. He was adm. to the X.C. biir in 
1823; soim entetvd on a lucrative imiclici . 
in 1824 »";is cKvti'd to repr\-scnt Buncoinb"? l"o 
in the house of i-ommons ; in 1831 w.is ap;>. a 
jud"C of the Sup. Court : in 1 832-5 was -,,\ 
of me State; and from tluit lime u;.;i; ! i- 
death Wiis pres. of the U. of X.C. 11. ) ' . 
" British Invasion of X.C. in 1776,"8\o. U-J.>; 
and contrib. many valuable pa|K-rs on the His- 
torv of X.C. to the tnTivrsiVy .lAi^. — .Sf \.E. 
Ui'sl. (.Vitfti/. AV.;., xxiv. 34a. 

Swain, Col. James B., engr. in chief 
Stale of X.Y., b. X.Y. City 1820. Has pub. 
" Lite and Sptxvhes of Ilenrv Clav." 2 vol-. 
Svo, 1842; "Militan- Hist, o'f N.t. l.s I-. 
3 vols. 8vo; Editor //«./.<o«-/?/rrr ' 
1843-9; co^^litor X.Y. TrUuiv 1<4.' .■ ; 
Ato Vy 7T»n.« 1851-7; editor Albany SlairtiMiii 
I85G-61. — .l/(V(«»ir. 

Swan, Maj. Caleb, j>a>-iuaster Kwol. 
aniiv, and i>avmaster-gen. l.^.A. 1792-1 -u-; 
d. \Va,~hington. U.C.Xov. 20. 1809. 11 ] '• 
" Some Ai-connt, ic, of the X. Western 1. .:, s 
of Ameri>-a," 1798. Caleb, schoolm.i-tcr. 
trader; and commiss. in the Rivol. annv (s»-ti 
of Col. Joshua of Methiun, Apr. 12, 1718). d. 
Jan. 17, 1793. Caleu, licut. in Hole's regt. 
at capture of Louisbupg. 1715. 

Swan, Col. Jame*, merchant, luliiician, 
soldier, and author Ixforc the ngv of 22, b. 
Firi->hire. Sonland. 1754; d. Paris, 18 Mar. 
1831. He came very vouiig to Bivston : was 
a elerk in a store; pud. in 1772 "A llis-na- 
sion to Great Britain and the Colouii-s '.r.'-.w 
the Slave-Trade to Africa;" was one .I' ilu' 
"Boston Tea-Party"in lK>e. 1773; w.i- -.v 
of the fwtriotic a.<.semblii-s of the tin : . c- 
comp. (ien. Warren as his aide to IV.nk' i - 
Hill, and was woundi->l at his si.li : n. \; 
as trv-asurer and reeeivcr-gen. : i 
in Craft's n-gt. of art. in I77i'. 
in the exjieil. which dnive the I'l 
of Boston harlior; was see. to tli, M- IV. ;.l 
of War; raeniUr of the legisl. in 1778 ; an.l 
aAerwards adj.-gen. of Ms. Deeply in debt, he 
went to Paris in 1787 ; became known there bv 
his work on the Commerce of the U.S. with 



S'WA 



887 



swi 



France (8vo, 1790) ; ncquireii iv|nitiitiun ami 
II I'oitiiiU' ; came to the U.S. in 17'.I5, auJ (tis- 
pluycil i;n-M charity and miiniliccncc. Ko- 
tiiniins; lo Knnip'! in 1 "'M, he wa.s cnj.;nj,'ed in 
cuininciriiil iiflUirs of f;''cat niu'jnitiule. Un the 
cliiini of a (iennan with whom ho hail dealt, 
Swjii was Imprisoned in St. IVIaule, In Paris, 
In l.si."i. and iTmiiincd there until .Inly, l.s.Kl; 
kivirin:; up all the while an indelatlj;alile 
liiiuation in the Fivneh conns, lie was a 
man of larj;e enterprise and licncvolence, man- 
ly in person, and dlt;nllied in nninner. His 
iiilior works are "On the Fisheries," 1784; 
'• I'ishiTles of Ms.," 1786; "National Ariih- 
melie," 1786 ; &c. 

Swan, Joseph R., of Colnmbns, ()., b. 
Westernvillc, X.Y., 1802. Has pnh. " Trea- 
tise on Justices," 8th cd., 1862; " Statutes of 
Ohio," 2 vols. 8vo. 1860; "Manual for Ex- 
ecutors and Administrators," 1 84.'! ; " Practice 
and Pleadin:,'s," 2 vols. 8vo, 1860; " Com- 
mentaries on Pleading's," &c.. I8G0; "Supple- 
ment to the Uev. Statutes of Ohio," 1869. — 
— Allihm: 

Swan, TiMOTiiv, of Suflield, Ct., compos- 
er; d. Northtield, July 23, 1842, a. 82. xVuthor 
of " China," " Poland," and other pieces of 
sacred music ; also " Ncw-Kngland Harmony," 
1801. 

Swan, William Dn.vi'iin, many years 

Iirinclpal of the Mavhew (irammar School, 
ioston, afterward a bookseller and prominent 
politician in that city, b. Dorchester 17 Nov. 
1809; d. there 2 Nov. 1864. Member of the 
Ms. senate 1862. Author of a valuable series 
of Readers, and in connection with his bro. 
Rolicrt, and Daniel Leach, of a series of Arith- 
metics ; also " The Critic (Criticised, andAVorces- 
ter Vindicated," 8vo, 1860. 

Swartwout, Gkn. Hodkrt ; d. New York, 
July 19, 1848. Son of a Hevol. soldier. Col. 
N.Y. militia; served in N.Y. harbor, Aug.- 
Nov 1812; quarterm.-'.'en. (rank of hrl^.-gen.) 
21 Mar. 181.3; and com. 4ih bri;,'ade in cam- 
)inif;n of 1813 on the St. Lawrence, and suc- 
ceeded to the coin, on the fall of Gen. Coving- 
ton. Alderman of N.Y. City. 

Swayne, Oes. John W.voer, b. Colum- 
bus. ().. 18.3.5. Y'.C. 18r>6. Son of Judf;e Xoah 
II. Swayne. lie practised law at Columbus. 
Was miiile nmj. 43d O. Inf., which he iiceomp. 
to the Held, in Feb. 18G2 ; fouj;bt at luka and 
Corinih ; was made col.; served in all the 
marches and battles of the Atlanta cainpal^'U ; 
lost a left at Salkahatchle ; was made brig, 
and miij. i.'en. (20 Juno, 186!)); and was after- 
ward H'^sist. commiss. of refugees, frcedmcn, 
niKJ iilmnilnned lands; col. 45th Inf. 28 July, 
1S66; and retired 1 July, 1870. 

Swayne, Noah IIaynks, LL.D. (Danm. 
I'<fi3),app a justice U.S. Sup. Court 4 Jan. 
1S62; li. Culiiepper Co., Va., 27 Dec. 1804. 
While an apothecary's clerk in Alexandria, he 
ncipiircd some education; began the study of 
law at Warrenton, And, on his admission to the 
bar in 1824, settled at Coehoeton, O. Memlier 
o( the legisl. 1829; U.S. dist.-attv. 18.30-9; 
chosen judge of C.C.P. in 1834, but ileclined 
the office; again in the legisl. in 1836, ami took 
a Icadin;.' piirt in organizing asylums and insii- 
tuiious lur the blind, the lunatic, and the deaf 



and dumb Ills district cominises Ohio, Michi- 
gan, Kentucky, ami Tennessee. 

Sweat, Mk9. MAncviiLT Jank Mlssey, 
b. Portland, Me., 18:;3. Has pub. " Kthel's 
Love-Life," 18.")9; "Highways of Travel," 
18.)9. She has been a contrib. to the N. A. Ho- 
view, — Allihonc. 

Sweeny, Oen. Thomas W., b. Ireland, 
1SI8. Cii.ric to the U.S. In childhood; was 
2il lieiit. of N.Y. Vols. In .Mexican war ; lost an 
arm at Churiibusco ; capt. 2d U.S. Inf. J. in. 
1861 ; col. of vols. Mav, 1861'; brig.-gen. 29 
Nov. 1862; inaj. 6tli U'.S. Inf. Oct. 20, 1863 
He ilisiing. himself at Wilson's Creek, Jbi., 
and was severely wounded ; col. .'•)2d III. Vols. 
Jan. 1862; eng/iged at Fort Donelsoii, Shiluli, 
siege of Corinth, b.ittles of luka and Curiuili 
(wounded); com. division in A llama campaign, 
and engaged at Snake- tree Gap, Hcsaca, 
Dallas, Kciiesaw Mountain, and the battle of 
Atlanta, July 22, 1864. Ueceiveil a silver med- 
al from the city of NY. for services in Me.x. 
war, and a second from the city of ISnmklyn 
for services in the civil war. Retired brig.-gen. 
U.S.A. II May, 1870 — /ypwy. 

Sweet, Du. CiiAnLES, a surgeon of emi- 
nent skill in the treatment of fraitnred, dislo- 
cated, and dLseased bones ; b. Lebanon, Ct., 
Dee. 11, 1811. Resides there. Son of Dr. 
Benoiil, also an eminent surgeon, who d. at 
Lebanon, Aug. 1840, a. 80. 

Sweetser, Charles Humpiirevs, b. 
Athol, 2.') Aug. 1841 ; d. Pihitka, Fla., .Jan. 1, 
1871. Amh. Coll. 1862. Author of " Songs 
of Amherst," I860; " Hist, of Amh. Coll.," 
1860; "Tourist's Guide to the North-west," 
1867. He lbuuded.the A'oHHrf y'dWe ; was con- 
nected with the A'.}', ^veiiimj (la:elle; in 1867 
began the ICoeninii Mail, and in 1869 the Ctli/, 
both in New York. 

Swett, John Appleton, M.D., phvsielan, 
b. Boston, Dee. 3, 1808; d. New Yoik 18 
Sept. 1854. II. U. 1828. lie practised medi- 
cine (or a time in New Y'ork ; spent 18 months 
in Europe, in 183.5-6, am;ndiug the medical 
schools of Paris. He was in 1842 elected one 
of the physicians of the N.Y. Hospital, and In, 
18.52 pub. his " Treatise on the Diseases of the 
Chest." In 1853 he was app. prof, of the 
theory and practice of medicine in the N.Y. 
U. About 1840 ho was asisoelated wiih Dr. 
Watson as editor of the A'. Y. ■/our. of Mcdiriii". 

Swett, Col. Samcel, soldier and niililaiy 
writer, h. Newburvport, Ms., June 9, 1782; il. 
Boston, Oct. 28^ 1866. II. U. 1800. A lawyer ; 
afterward a mcreliant. Served on the staff of 
Gen. I/.ard. on the northern frontier, in the war 
of 1812, with rank of major. Reji. in Ms. legis- 
lature. He pub. an Account of the Hunker's- 
hill Battle, 1826; Sketches of Distin-. Men 
of Newburvport; "Who was the Coimuiuider 
at HunkerUill !" &c., 1850. 

Swift, Col. Heman, a Revol. ollieer. b. 
Sandwich, .Ms., 17.33; d. Cornwall, t> , Nov. 
14, 1814. His father Jabez settled in Kent 
Boon alter his birth. Ilemnn at an earlv : ge 
was a lieut. of provincials in the French wr,, 
serving on the northern frontier, iinil served 
throughout the Revol. as a col. in the Cont. 
line. He nftirwanl resided in Cornwall, held 
various civil offices under the State govt., and 



fcriawm>fc muiMi tuwmmmrmktrtlitm m— r>Miki tk ^i otwA. «• /VkcT, 

: i III t i l - J'*^ •< I m Ml III CaL C«Mn. ■■! «hr .Wi ■> m«s^ aai » «i^«rrii va i 

Swift, Gss. JaMa« Gkawnm. VLSk. Hi 1 1 tt ikr War «< g««<ui.iw n eir l~ >. 

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irti-r a iMttk of 4 hours. For this latter for^ 
vice h.' was cominissioneil « capt. in tin- tiavy 
Sfpt. 17, 177'J. Altcrcriiisin;rsuc««.-lullv for 
so-.nc tiuio in •• Tlie Argo," ami Bl>,r«arvrin a 
prirato ship, he was ciiptunHl in 1 TSO bv a Bi it- 
ish dei't, and t-oiitinol in tlu' JiTxv" priM>n- 
ship; WHS al'ti'nr.uxi rniovwl to Eiij:.'; and io 
Div. 1781 »;u< ex>han,,-.>d. Afier ihowar.he 
pnrv-hoscd the t"ort>iti-d o-iaie of Sir Win. John- 
eon, iK-.ir the Mohawk ; was Sfvcral years in 
the Assembly from Mont^.-oiiierv Co. ; and wa« 
an M.C. ill l'79J-4. On the r-or^-aiiijaiiiou of 
the navy in 1794, he «as apiiu employed, aiid 
suix'rinti'ncK'd the ooustnu lion of tlici lTi■,^lte 
"_C'oiisiitntion " ("Old Ironsides"), whiih io 
1 799 was his fla!^«hip during a cniisc in the 
W. Indies. Resi;,'iiin^ in Sept. ISOI, he pas^'d 
the residue of hi:i life in ^^^ . Citv. — Ar Ui'e 
01' S,l,is Titllvl bg II. r. Taclrrm.m, X.Y. IS50, 
and Uist. Sittrh of the Lift of, X.V. 1803, l2ino. 
Talcott, AUJ. John, I.". Kn^. ; d. 23 .luly, 
168S. Son of .lohn, who came to Ciunhridje 
in 1632, and to Uarttbnl in 1636. A rv-p. until 
1654, and an a.ssist. iiud trva.*. of the Colony 
until his d. 1C59. The son was made ensi^m 
1650; npnis. 1660; eapt, 1661 ; trvas., and an 
assist, commits, at the Con-, of the X.K. Cols. 
1669-71. '73, and '76 ; di-tin^'. in the Imlian 
war of 1676 ; resigncil the othco of tn-asurvron 
rei-eiviu;^ his app. to com. the forci-s of the Col. ; 
and, colU<:tin- ah. 450 whites and frieiidlv In- 
dians, scourvd the country as far as the' falls 
ahove Deertield, inflicted ^ev■■^^• l.lows U|)on the 
hostile trilHS. and saved Iladley from the al- 
taik of 700 Indians. He also did pood senice 
in the Xarrajanset country, and fought a suc- 
ctssful Iwttle at the Uonsciitonuue, killinj,' the 
sai'hem of Qnal'anj:. His son Joseph, pov. 
Ct. 1725-41, 1). Hartford, Xov. 16, 1669, i Oct. 
II, 1741. 

Taliaferro (ToUiver), Cot. Benjajiin, 
statesman, li. Va. ah. 1751; d. Wilkes Co., 
Ga., Sept. 3, 1S21. He sen'ed with distinction 
in Mor^-nn's rifle i-orps at Saratoga. Mon- 
Dionth, and at the siege of Savannah, when- ho 
displayeil i.'rv'at hraverj- and coolness. He was 
Wken at Ch.nrl.-ston in' 1780, when- he a«-ted as 
a volunteer aide to Lincoln. Reinovin:; to Ga. 
in 1784. he was M.C. 1799-1802: judse Sup. 
Court. State senator, pri's. of that bodv, and a 
meniUr Ga. Const. Convention of 1798. 

Tallmadge, Col. Hesjamin, KcvoI. offi- 
cer, b. Seuuiket, l,.l . 25 Keh 1 7J4 ; d. Litch- 
field, Ct. 7 .Mar. 1M5. Y.C. 177.1. Son of 
Hcv. Benjamin, who d. 5 Keb. 1786. He had 
char)^.■ of a hifh school at Wethersfield. but 20 
June. 1776. I>et'uiue a lieut. ami soon alierward 
adj. of a Ci. re;;!., and ro.se to the rank of col. 
Sept. 5. 1779. he rrussoti the Stmnd to Llovd's 
Ni-ck, LI., and surprised and captured 500 
Tory marauders, without losini* a roan ; in 
May. 178t>. he planned and conducted the ex- 
pedition which resulted in the inkinu' of Kort 
Gvorce. at Oyster Bay. and the destruction of 
British stores on L.L He w;l« in several of the 
i)riiici|wl Unties of the war. had the custoilv of 
Nlajiir Andr»' until hi» cxeeuiion. and was jonj; 
one of Wiishin;;ton's military family, and niii>t 
esleeiiied secret eorrcsp. .Mter the war he was 
a SHceessful nier\-hani, and .NIC. in I<i>|-17. 
In 1784 he m. the dau. of Gen. Wm. Flo»d of 



Mastic. His Memoirs were puh. hy his son, 
^\ '^- Jallmndp?, 8vo, X Y.. 1859. ' His son. 
Col. William S.. an offiivruf the warof 1812, 
d. .Moscow. X.Y.. .Sept. 1822, a. 57. 

Tallmadge, Fki^olbick Acgcstls. law- 
yer and iNiliiuiau. b. Lilchtield, Ct.. Aug. 29 
1792; d. there Sept. 17, 1869. Y.C. ISll! 
Son of the prx'.tsling. Studied at the Litcl.f. 
Law School ; was adin. to the bar cfLilchfield 
Co. ; in 1814 commenced praciicc in N. Y. 
City, and became one of its most successful 
advocates and counM.'llors. .\n aldenimn in 
I8.!4. and acommon-couneilinaii in 18.J6; then 
State senator ; and was sul>sit|uentlv elected its 
pri'sidinc otBocr, being at the same time ex 
o/ffeio a judge of the Supreme Conn of Errors. 
After 4 years' service in that bodv, he was in 
1841-6 ri-etiider of the citv; MC. in 1846-8; 
again nwrder in 1848-51'; and in 1857 was 
app. gen. supi. of the inetro|ioliian jwlK-e, and 
was clerk ot the Court of Appeals in 1862-5. 
The .\slor-placc Uiot, which oci-urred in .Mav, 
1849. was eSvclually put down hv his decisii'>n 
and ener.-y. 

Tallmadge, Jamks. LL.D. (U. of X Y ), 

stale-man. Ii. Staniforrl, X.Y., Jan. 28 1778- 
d. Xew York, Sept 29, 1S53. Brown C. 1798! 
Son of Co!. James, who led a compauv of vols, 
at the capture of Bun.'oyne (li. Sha'ron. Ct., 
Sept 5. 1744; d. I'oughkevpsie, Dec. 21, 1821). 
He pnicti-cti law for several \ears suix-essiul'v, 
but ilevoted much ol his lime to «;;rieuliuro. 
He was .some lime private s^e. to Gov. Geoige 
Clinton, and, during the war of 1812. at imi« 
time com. a piiriinii of the forci' detaileil tor 
the defence of the city of X Y. M C. in 1817- 
19. he soon showed himself a sound and reudv 
debater^ ably dcfende<l Gen. Jackson's cours'a 
in the S>-ininole war; and introduced, as nii 
aineiidment to the bill auihoriimg the |ieople 
ol Mo. to foim a State opganiiatioii, a pro|>o-i 
tion to ri'strict slavervto the n-fion wcsiof tb» 
Mpi. rrouiincut in t"lie State Const. Convs. ol 
1821 and 1846; member of the State legist, it 
I824,andlieut.-gov. in 1826-7. Visiting Kuropt 
in I8.-15, .\Ir. 'rallinadge Wius inHueii.ial in in 
trodiieiiig into Kussia a knowledge of Ameri- 
can niHcliinery and mechanics, particularlv id 
the dept. of i-otton-manuf. He was lor 19 years 
pres. of the Ainer. Institute. All his sptxvlict 
and acts wen.' directed to the great end of en- 
eonraging donu>iic pr«<)uctioii. One of th« 
foun.lers ot the I", of X.Y. He pub. a nunibel 
of a.Ulresst-s and si>ee»-hes. 

Tallmadge, Xathamel r . nolitician. b 
Chiiiliam. X.'k.. Feb. 8. 1795; d. Battle Crxvk, 
Mich.. Xov. 2. 1864. Un. Coll. 1815. .\dm. 
to the bar 1818 ; nicmlier X.Y. .\ssemblv 1828 ; 
of the Slate senate 183l>-3 ; U. S. 'senator 
183.V44 ; and Terr. gov. of Wis. 1844-5. Ho 
pub. some s(n-,vhes. and contrib. an Inirod. 
and Ap|>i>ndiN to Linton's " Healing of the 
XaiioTis,' 8vo. 1855. 

Talmage, Rev. Samuel Kknnedt, D.D. 
(X.J. Coll 184.'i). rrcsb. elervvman ami au- 
thor, b. Somer>'ille, X.J., 1798'; d. Midwav 
Ga.. 2 Oct. 1865. X.J. Coll. 1820 Tnior it 
X J. Coll. 1822-5 ; prof of anc. lang. Ofleih. 
I'. 18.18-41. and pres. 1841-65. Contrib. to 
So«tk"n thrsl: R.nrr. &c. 

Talmage, Rtv. r. Dt Witt, Prc^U 



T.AX, 



891 



TAP 



;Iern;vm;\ii, b. mnr Boiiinl Rrouk, X. J., 7 Jnii. 
1832.' U. of N.V. ISJ.l; NVw Unms. Tlicol. 
Scin. 1856. Old. nt Uclieville, N.V., where ho 
rcmniiieil 3 yours ; pastor of tlie Second Kef. 
Clmrch, Pliil'u., 1859-69; and sineo Apr. 1809 
of the Central Presb. Church, Brooklyn, N.Y'. 
His prc;'chin^ soon filled the church to over- 
flowing', and u now edifice was erected, which 
holds 3,(iOU peo|)le. Also a successlnl lec- 
turer, and ccintiih. to the X.Y. Imlepcmkitl and 
otiur prrii.dicals. 

Tallman, Pelko, an enicrprisin'.;- nicr- 
chaiit ol B.iih, .Me., b. Tiverton, U.I., Jiilv i\, 
1704 ; d. Bath, March 8, 1S41. In 177S, when 
only 14 years of 11^-0, he entered ihe privaleer- 
service aj;aiiist Great Britain ; lo^t an arm in 
the cn^'agcinent between " The Trumliull " 
and " Walt" in 1780; and was a prisoner in 
Enj;.i.nd Ireland in 1781-3. Suhsequenily mas- 
ter of a vessel, he finally became a merchant, 
and acquired by his enterprise and nersever- 
ance an ample fortune. M.C. from Sis. 1811- 
13; State >ciiaii)r 1821-2. 

Taney (law'-ne), Uoger Buookk, jurist, 
b. Calven (\>., Md., 17 Mar. 1777 ; d. \Vash- 
in^'ion. 12 Oct. 1804. Dick. Coll. 1793. De- 
scended from a family of Kn^'lish Catholics 
who settled in Md. ab'. the middle of the 17th 
century. Adm. to tlie bar in 1799; member 
of the house of delegates in 1800; of the State 
senate in 1810 ; app. in 1827 atty.-gen. of Md. 
by a ji'A'. and council op])osed to him in poli- 
tics, and, after 22 years' residence at Frederick- 
ton, removed to Baltimore ab. 1S22. He enjoyed 
an extensive practice in the State and Federal 
courts, and was originally a Federalist, but 
became a partisan of Uen. Jackson, who ai)p. 
him U.S. alty.-gen. in 1831. Nominated in 
Sept. 183.1 see. of the treasury, he was rejected 
by the senate, as was also the case with his 
nonnuation as a justice of the U.S. Sup. Court 
in 1835. In Vlar. 1836 he was app. chief justice 
of the U.S. Sup. Court, in place of John Mar- 
shall, deceased; in 1857 he held, in the cele- 
brated " Dred Scott " case, that, for more than 
a century before the Declaration of Indepeiid- 
cnee, " the negroes had been regarded as beings 
of an inferior order, and altogether unfit to 
associate with the white race cither in social 
or political relations, and so far inferior, that 
they had no rights which the white man was 
bound to respect ; and that the negro might 
justly and lawfully be reduced to slavery for 
his lienefit." He also aflirnied that the Mo. 
Compromise was unconstitutional, and that 
the suit must be dismissed for want of juris- 
diction. He possessed considerable legal learn- 
ing, and his decisions were generally sound. — 
See Van Santvoord's Lives of the Chief Justiqea, 
8vo, 1854. 

Tannehill, Wilkins, journalist and au- 
thor, b. Piilshnrg, Pa., 4 Mar. 1787 ; d. Nash- 
ville, Tcnn., 2 June, 1858. Sonof Gen. John, 
a Uevol. officer. IJc was early connected with 
the Nashville press ; was co-editor of the U7i/>/, 
and many years editor of the Herald, — the first 
Henry Clay organ in Tenn. He subsequently 
edited the Oiihopolitaii, a new literary and in- 
dependent paper, and from July, 1848. to 
June, 1849, the Poiifuli't, a journal of Free- 
masonry. In his later years he was blind. 



Author of" Freemason's Manual ;" "Sketches 
of the History of Literature," 8vo, 1827 : 
" Sketches of the Hist, of Homan Literature,'' 
12mo, ii>ir>. — Allibonc ; Du,/rh,ick: 

Tanner, IIkniiv S., geographer, h. N.Y. 
1780 ; d. N. \'. City 1858. In Phila., where ho 
lived many years, and until 1850, he pnh. maps, 
and contributed statist, and geog. articles to 
]>iriodicals. He puh. " New Anier. Atlas," 
ful. 1817, '23, &e. ; "General Atlas," 1828-44, 
4ti>, since pub by S. A. Mitchell ; " Memoir 
on the Kccent Surveys," &c., 12mo, 1829; 
" View of ilie Vallcv of the Mpi.," 12nio, 
18.-i2; " Ainer. Travdier,"12mo. 18:iC; "Cen- 
tral Traveller," X.Y., 1840; "New Picture of 
Phila.," 12mo, 1S40; "Canals and Uailroa.l.i 
of the U.S.," N.Y., 8vo,1840. Jleml.er ol iho 
geographical societies of Paris and Loudon. — 
Al/il>oiie. 

Tanner, Joiix, captured by the Indians at 
the age of 6 years, remained with them volun- 
tarily 30 years. The Narrative of Tanner, 
U. S. Interpreter, &c., was prepared tor the 
pres> by Fdwin James, M.D., N.Y., 1830. He 
d. 1847. Hi-son James wa> a Unit, mis-ionary. 

Tappan, Arthur, merchant and phiian- 
thiopist, b. Northampton, .Ms., Mav 22, 1786; 
d. N, Haven, July 23, 1805. His 'father Ben- 
jamin, a Kevol. |>atriot and merchant, died 
Northampton, Jan. 29, 1831, a. 83. Arthur 
had a common-school education ; was long en- 
gaged with his bro. Lewis in the importing of 
dry goods in Boston ; f.iiled in 1842, and was 
afterward interested in the mercaniile agency 
first established by his bro. He established 
the Jour, of Commerce in N.Y. ; was one of 
the chief founders of the Tract Society; start- 
ed the Lane Sera, at Cincinnati ; founded an 
indispensable professorship in the Auburn 
Theol. Sem., and aided in founding another at 
Kenyon Coll. ; eslablishcd a scliolarship at 
Andover; and erected Tappan Hall at Ober- 
lin. His private charities were innumerable. 
An original abolitionist, he established in 18.33 
the Emttncipntor, in N.Y., at his own expense, 
and called the meeting which formed the N.Y. 
City Antislavery Society, of which he was 
chosen pres. Dec. 4, 1833, he was np|). pies. 
of the Amor. Antislavery Soc. Ho aided in 
sustaining the Lilierulor, and redeemed Mr. 
Garrison from the Baltimore jail. He was a 
man of rare integrity, and fidelity to principle. 
— .S".f his Life hi) his brother Lewi's. 

Tappan, BiiX.iA.MiN. jurist, brother of Ar- 
thur, b. Norihampion, Ms., May 25, 1773; d. 
Stcubenville, O., April 12, 1857. He was 
taught the business of copper-plate engraving 
and printing ; devoted some attention to por- 
trait-painting; and subsequently adopted the 
profession of law. In 1799 he cmig. to Ohio, 
and in 1 803 was elected to the legisl. ; served in 
the warof 1812 as aide to Gen. Wadsworth; was 
for 7 years pres. judge of the fifth Ohio circ. ; 
in 18.')3 was app. by Pres. Jackson U.S. judgo 
for the Ohio dist. ; and was a U.S. senator in 
1839-45. He was an active leader in the 
Democ. party until the Free-soil movement 
originated, when he joined its ranks. Emi- 
nent lor drollerv and wit. A vol. of Reports, 
C.C.P. 1810-19', was pub. bv him 1831. 

Tappan, David, D.D.'(U.U. 1794), clcr- 



O.I- TA.T 

t'Vinmi. I.. Mnnclmstor, M«., Apr. 21 17i-,9 . ,i , r u , , ,. 

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894 



TAY 



12mo, 1845 ; "January and June," 12mo, 1853, 
new cd. 1868 ; also of fugitive poems, papers 
on army life, articles in the Knickerbocker, &c. 
He resides at Wheaton. 111. — See Poets and 
Poetrii of the West. 

Taylor, Christopher, Quaker scholar 
and preacher, b. near Skipton, Yorkshire, Eng. ; 
d. Phihi. 1CS6. Ori'^inaily a Puritan preacher. 
Ho became a proselyte of George Fox ; was 
eminent as a minister among the Friends ; and 
sufFered persecution and imprisonment. He 
also taught a classical school m several places, 
and emig. from that at Edmonton in Middlesex, 
in 1682, to Pa. On his arrival be was made a 
representative in the Assembly ; was a member 
of the first prov. council, and continued in that 
o6Bce till his death. He also held the place of 
register-gen., and was one of the justices of 
Chester Court. He was one of the best schol- 
ars among the early settlers. In 1679 he pub. 
" Comijendium Trium Linguarum." — Smith's 
Del Co. 

Taylor, Edward T. (" Father Taylor "), 
many years preaclicr at the Seaman's Bethel, 
Boston, b. Richmond, Va., 25 Dec. 1794; d. 
Boston, 5 Apr. 1871. A sailor in his youth, 
and ord. a Mfeth. preacher in 1819. His dis- 
courses, filled with quaint nautical phrases, 
made him fanjous, atid attracted many stran- 
gers, Chaplain to the U.S. frigate sent to Ire- 
land- during the famine there, and delivered 
public addresses at Cork and Glasgow. Adau. 
ra. Hon. Thomas Russell, collector of the port 
of Boston. . _ 

Taylor, Fitch Waterman, Epis. clergy- 
man and author, b. Middle Haddam, Ct.> Aug. ' 
4, 180.3; d. Brooklvn, N.Y., July 24, 1865. 
Y.C. 1828. He went to N.Y. in .1820 with a 
mercantile -liCe in view, but studied for the . 
ministry, and obtained a parish in-Md. From 
1841 to his death he was a chaplain in the 
navy. He pub. " The Flag-Ship," giving an 
account of his vovage round the world in " The 
Columbia," 2 vols. 1840, and "The Broad 
Pennant, or History of the Naval War with . 
Mexico," 1848. 

Taylor, George, a signer of the Decl. of 
Ind.'p., b. Ireland 1716; d. Easton, Feb. 23, 
1781.' He arrived in the U.S. penniless in 1736, 
but, having received a good education, rose from 
the condition of a laborer in the iron foundry 
of Mr. Savage, at Durham, Pa. (who paid the 
expenses of his voyage over), to the station of 
his clerk, and subsequently m. his widow. 
After acquiring a handsome fortune, he esial> 
lished iron-works on the Lehigh, Northumber- 
land Co. In 1764 he was elected to the Col. 
Assembly, wliere he soon became prominent ; 
member of the Prov. Asseinbjy 5 consecutive 
years, and In 1770 was madejudge of the county 
court, and col. of militia; in Oct. 1775 he was 
again elected to the Prov. Assembly, and was 
active in promoting Revol. measures. The 
action of some of the members of the Cont. 
Congress in refusing their assent to the Decl. 
of Inilcp. led to the election of new members, 
July 20, 1776, of whom he was one. He sub- 
sequently negotiated a treaty with several of 
the Indian tribes on behalf of the U.S., and 
March, 1777, retired from Congiess, and re- 
moved to Delawaie. 



Taylor, George, lawvcr and M.C.. 8.)7-9. 
b. Wheeling, Va, Oct. 19", 1820. Received a 
liberal education ^ studied medicine, and sub- 
sequently the law; was adm. to the bar in 
1840; practised in Ind. ; removed to Ala. in 
1844, and in 1848 removed to New York. Ho 
pub. ill 1851 "Indications of the Creator," a 
vol. of collected addresses and lectures, and 
has also written much in behalf of popular 
education. — Lanman. 

Taylor, Gex. George W., b. Clinton, 
N. J., 1808; d. Alexandria, Va., Sept. 1,1862, 
of wounds received at the second battle of Bull 
Run. At 19 he entered the navy as a midship- 
man, but after3 years' service settled as a farmer 
in N. J. In the Mexican war he was a lieut. 
and afterward a capt. in the lOih Inf After 
the war, he resided 3 years in Cal. ; then en- 
gaged in mining and mannf in N. J., and in 
June, 1861,- was m.ide col. 3d N.J. Regt., 
which, under Gen. Runyon, formed a part of 
the reserve at Bull Run. Attached to the 
Army of the Potomac when it went to the 
Peninsula, Col. Taylor took charge of the 1st 
brigade of N.J. Vols. May 9, 18G2, he was 
made brig.-gen. He took a manful part in the 
severe fighting before Richmond, and also in 
the battles under Gen. Pope near Manassas. . 

Taylor^ Jacob, surv.-gen. of Pa., and a 
schoolmaster and pliysician; d. 1736. Author 
of "Penn>ylv»nia," a poem, pub. in 1728; and 
wrote poetry for almanacs which he prepared 
for publication. — Ser^ Titan's Almanac, 1730. 

Taylor, Gen. James, b. Midway, Va., 
Apr. 19, 1769; d. Newport, Ky., Nov. 7,1848. 
His ancestor James emig. to E. Va. in 1692. 
His father was the cousin of Pres. Zaehary. 
He emig. to Ky. in 1792, and served with dis- 
tinction during th« War of 1812 as quarterm.- 
gen. of the N.W. army under Geii. Hull. He 
.was- one of the largest landed proprietors in 
the West. 

Taylor, Col. John, U.S. senator 1792^, 
1803, and 1822-4, b. Orange Co., Va. ; d. Caro- 
line Co., Va., Aug. 20, 1824. Wm. and M. 
Coll. 1 770. Jlover of the celebrated resolutions 
of 1798-9 in the h. of del. of Va. He did much 
towards advancing the science of agriculture in 
liis native State, and was ever fonvard in pro- 
moting objects conducive to the public good. 
He pub. "Construction Coustrued," 8vo, 
1820; "An Inquiry into the Principles of the 
Gort. of the U.S.," 1814; "Avatar," a series 
of agric. cssavs, 12nio, 1818; "Tyranny Un- 
masked," Svoi 1822; "New Views of the Con- 
stitution of the U.S.," Svo, 1823. 

Taylor, John, Baptist preacher, b. Fau- 
quier Co., V.a., 1752; d. Franldin Co., Kv., 
1835. Author of "History of Ten Bapt'i.-t 
Churches," &c., 12rao, 1S26 or 1827; and 
of a pamphlet, " Thoughts on Missions." — 
Sprofjne. 

Taylor, John, statesman of S.C., b. 1770; 
d. 1832. N.J. Coll. 1790. He studied b.w, 
and wns adm. to the bar in 1793, but turtied 
his attention chiefly to planting. He was some 
yeai-s in the- State legisl. ; M.C. 1807-9 and 
1817-21; U.S. senator 1810-16; gov. 1826-S; 
trustee of the S.C. Coll. in 1806 ; State seuatoi 
in 1810 and '22. He was also at one time re- 
ceiver of public raon:y,-j in Mj i. Territory. 



TAY 



895 



T^W 



Taylor, John Louis, jurist, b. London, 
Mar. 1, 1769; d. Jan. 29, \s29. Brous'lit to 
tlii.i country at the ago of 12 by his brother. He 
f-aidi'jJ law, and settled iu Fayotteviilo, N.C. 
lie was olten a member of the State legisl. ; 
ii.ied for a short time the office of atty.-gon. ; 
•was in 1793 elected a judy^: of th;; Superior 
Court of Law and Equity, and was in 1810 
app. chief justice. A vol. of his reports, 1 799- 
1:02, was. pub. Newbern, 8vo, l~-02 ; auother, 
1816-lS, at Raleigh, 1818; "Charge to the 
Grand Jury of Edgecombe Sup. Court, 1817," 
8vo, 1817. 

Taylor, Johk NEILSO^f, legal writer, b. 
X.J. 1 Oj. N.J. Coll. 1S24. Lawyer in N.Y. 
City since 1825. Author of "Treatise on 
Landlord and Tenant," Svo, 1844 and 1869 ; 
" L.aw of Executors and Administrators," 
12mo, 1?51. 

Taylor, John W., lawyer and M.C., b. 
Saratoga Co., N.Y., 1784; d. Cleveland, 0., 
Sept. 18, 1854. Uu. Coll. It03. He studied law 
in Albany; was ia 1811 elected to the State 
Icgisl.; M.C. 1813-33; speaker, Nov. 13, 1 820- 
Mar. 3, 1821 (during the jjassage of the JIo. 
Compromise, ag.iinst which he made an elo- 
quopt spe jch), and ag.ain in 1 S25-7 ; and State 
senator 1841-3. In Sept. 1843 he removed to 
Cleveland, Ohio. 

Taylor, Joslph Pendel, commiss.-gen.. 
U.S.A., b. Ky. ; d. Washington,. B.C., June 
29,1864. Bro. of Pres. Taylor. App. lieut. 
of inf May 20, 1813 ; capt. July, 1825; com- 
missary (rank of major), July 7, 1838; assist, 
com. -gen. Xov. 30, 1>41 ; brev. col. for services 
in the Mexican war in May, 1848; commiss.- 
gcn. Sept. 29, 1861 ; brig.-gen. and -commiss.- 
gen. U.S.A. F^l). 9, 186.3. 

Taylor, Nath.ixiel Wililim, D.D., 
Dwight prof of diilactic theol. in Y.C., b. Xew 
Milford, June 23, 1786; d. New Haven, Ct., 
Mar. 10, 185^. Y.C. 1807. Grandson of Rev. 
Nathani 1. He studied theol., and from April 
8, 1812, to Nov. 1823, when he was app. to bis 
professo-.-ship, he was pastor of the First Cong. 
Church in New Haven, during which time he 
acquired the reputation of b^'ing one of the 
ablest and soundest divines in N. Eng. His 
talijnt tor theological discussion was shown in 
a series of articles upon the Unitarian contro- 
versy in the Month'i/ Christian Spectator. In 
th ology, Dr. Taylor was in the main a tlisci- 
])le of Edwards and Dvnght, adopting the Cal- 
vinistic th-'ory as modified by tlie Edwardscs. 
4 vols, of bis works have been pub. 1 S58-60. 
— Sje Ai'.ihoM, and Memorial of N. W. Taylor, 
/;..0., 8vo, New Haven, 1553. 

Taylor, Oliver Aldbn, minister and au- 
thor, b. Yarmouth, Ms., 18 Aug. 1801 ; d. 
Manchester, Ms., Dec. 18, 1851. Un. Coll. 
1825; And. Theol. Sem. 1829. Jlinister of 
Manehesier, Ms., from 1839 till his death. In 
1836 he taught sacred literature in the Andover 
Sem. He pub. articles in the Bihlir-al Hc/msi- 
tori/ and many other journals; "Brief Views 
of the Saviour," 1835; "The Music of the He- 
brews," a translation; "Memoirs ofReinhard," 
1:^32; "Memoir of Andrew Ljc," 1844; also 
some poetical pieces ; Reinhard's " Plan of the 
For.nder of Cliri<;ianity," 1831; "Catalogue 
of the Library of And. Theol. Sem.," 1838. A 



number of his poetical pieces were pnb. from 
1S20 to 1828. His Memoir, by his brother Rev. 
T. A. Taylor, was pub. in 1853. 

Taylor, KicnAr.D, capt. in the Va. navy 
of the Revol., b. Va, 1747; d. Oldham Co., 
Ky., 1825. Pension oFS300 Sept. 3, 1816, for 
wound received while commanding flotilla in 
the Chesapeake. 

Taylor, Gen. Richard, son of Pre'-ident 
Zacbary Taylor, b. Florida. Chosen eol. 9ih 
La. Vols, in 1861, he com. that regt. at the li.it- 
tle of Bull Run ; made brig.-gen. 21 Oct. 1861 ; 
served undvr Stonewall Jackson in Va., and 
was promoted to maj.-gen. ; iu 18G3-4 served 
with Gin. E. Kirby Smith in the Trans-Mpt 
dept., and defeated Gen. Banks iu his Red-rivtr 
exped. at Sabine Cross-Roads, and was in turn 
defeated at Pleasant Hill; Sept. 10, lt'64, he 
assumed the com. of the dept. of E. Louisiana 
at Mobile; and May 4, 1865, surrendered to 
Qen. Canby. He resides in La. One of his 
sisters married Jefferson Davis. 

Taylor, Richard Cowling, scholar and 
geologist, b. Hiiiton, Suffolk, Eng., Jan. 18, 
1789; d. Phila. Nov. 26, 1851. He becaiiie dis- 
ting. as an antiquary and geologist, and pub. 
a numberof works on those subjects. In July, 
1 830, he emig. to Phila. Among hi.s pubs, in 
that city were treatises on the Geology and 
Xat. Hist, of the. Xortli-east Extremity of the 
Alleghany ^Its., and a Supplement to a Nat. 
Hist, of Birds' of the Alleghany Range, l.'e 
made surveys of different coal-tields ; and his 
most important ^york was that pub. in 1848, 
entitled the " Statistics of Coal," an , octavo 
vol. of 754 pages. He pub; in Eng., in 1821, an 
" IndcT Monusticns," in the ancient kingdom 
of Anglia ; also a veiT com]>lete " General In- 
dex to Dugdalc's ^ionasticon Anglicauum " 
(tbl. 1830), "Geologv of East Anglia," 1827, 
Svo. 

Taylor, Gen. Robert Barnard, b. Va. 
24 March, 1774; d. Norfqlk, Va., 13 Apr. 
18.34. Wm. and Mary Coll. 1793. Brig.-gen. 
Va. militia; com. in defence of Norfolk 1813- 
14; brig.-gen. U.S.A. 19 July, 1813. He was 
an eminent law ver ; member of the Va. Assem- 
bly 1798-9; of the Const. Conv. 1829-30; and 
was judge of the Gen. Court of Va. 1831-4. 

Taylor, Samcel ILirvey, LL.D. (B.U. 
1851), classical scholar, b. Londonderry, N'.IL, 
Oct. 3, 1807; d. Andover 29 Jan. 1S71. 
Dartm. Coll. 1832; And. Sem. 1837. Tutor 
at Dartm. 1836-7; principal of Phillips And. 
Acad, from Sept. 1837 to his death; one of 
the editors of the " Bibliolluca Hacra" from 
1 852. Has pub. " Method of Classical Study," 
1861, and some Latin and Greek school-books. 
He was without a superior as a classical in- 
structor, and made Phillips Acad, the most 
celebrated preparatory school in the country. 

Taylor, Stephen William, LL.D. ( 1 851 ), 
educator, b. Adams, Ms., Oct. 23, 1791 ; d. 
Hamilton, X.Y., Jan. 7, 1856. Ham. Coll. 
1817. He taught 14 years the Black-river 
Acad, at Lowville, Lewis Co. ; was 3 years 
teacher of a fiimily school ; in 1 834 took charge 
of the preparatory dept. of the Hamilton Insti- 
tution, now Madison U., where, from 1838 to 
1845, he was prof, of math, and nat. philos. ; 
then aided in establishing the university nt 



TAY 



896 



1AZ 



Lewisbur-, of wind, he was 5 years pros. ; 
and from 1851 to his death was nres. of Madi^ 
son U, which he brought from a doj.ressed to 
a hiKhly-fio.mshing condition. lie left an 
nist. sketch of this university, some inaugural 
and baccalaureate addresses, and a series of es- 
says on the theory of education, pub. in the 
L/irisliiiii IJimiiicli-, Pliila. 

Taylor T„o.mas House, D.D., rector 
Of <.ni(c (Jmreh, New Yorli, from 1834 to his 
a.^i hept. 1807, b. Georgetown, S.C., 18 Oct. 
I '99. Received his education in S.C. • was 
an elegant preacher, and held high rank as a 
writer and debater among tlie Episcopal clcrey. 
Amhorot Sermons, 1846-67, 8vo, N.Y. 1809 

Taylor, Viugil Corvdon, author of a 
new ninsiciil notation entitled " Taylor's In- 
dex Stall;" b. Harkhamsted, Ct., 18)7 Has 
Dub. ■• .Saen.l .Miiiistrel," 1846 ; " The Lute or 

.^"m™ ,'!!,"";'-■'?'■■ '®-*^ ' " ^'''0™1 Anthems," 
I8o0; Iho Golden Lyre," 1850; " The Con- 
cordia," 1851; "The Chime," 1854 • "The 
Celcstma," 1856 : " The Song Festival "1858 • 
'Li."'!f!rl^'T''^" '*"'■■ ""^''c Concertina," 

m ' , ''«i '■""^c-Offering," \S68.—A/lilm,e. 

Taylor, Ge.v. Waf-leh, d. Lunenburg, 
Va., ae Aug. 1826. Maj. and aide to Gen! 
, c'!V""tt o * ""* ^""'^ "*■ Tippecanoe 7 Nov. 
1811 ; U.S. senator from Ind. 1816-25; and a 
man of much literary culture 

i','E^JH\, ^^'''■'■^m Kooebs, rear-adra. 
US N., b. Newport, K.I., Apr. 1, 1811. Son 
of Capt. W. V; Midshipra. Apr. 1, 1828 
lieut. leb. 10, 1840; com. Sept. '4 1855* 
capt. July 16, 1862; commo. July 25' 1866- 
rear-adm. Jan 1871. Attached to the sloop 

bt. Maij s during Mexican war; engaged 
at Tampieo Bar, Juno 8 and 15, 1846 ; at Mie 
siege of Vera Cruz, com. a gun in the naval 
battery; com. steam-sloop " Ilousatonie " S 
Atl. block, squad., 1862-.3. Senior officer off' 
Charleston when attacked by Confed. rams 

Choeura and "Palmetto;" present as 
tleet-capt. with Adm. Dahlgren during all the 
operations against Morris Island in Julv 1803 • 
was in the battle with Forts Wagner and Sum- 
ter, July 10, and again July 13, 1863; com 
steam-sloop ;' Jnniata," N. Atl. block, squad., 
1 804-.), and in both attacks on Fort Fisher — 

ITT^y^°'^'„^'"-'AM ViONEBON, capt. 

r=;o 'i,^- Newport, K.L, 1781; d. 11 Feb. 
i».)8. Ills maternal ancestor, Dr. N. F' Vi"-ne- 
ron, settled in Newport' in 1690, and d. 1764 
He went to sea before the mast ; became a capt' 

n«M'"oa''''A '""'='''' '™' W- sailing-mas er 
U.S.N. 28 Apr. 1813; lieut. 9 I)e^^ 1814 ■ 
master com 3 Mar. 1831 ; capt. 8 Sept. 18411 
He did good service in e.p,ip,,i'ng Com. I'errv's 
fleet on Lake Lne, and was eouspieuous in the 
vu'tory, navigating " The Lawrence," Perry's 
flag-ship, into and during the light. His last 
service was in com. of "The Ohio " (74) on a 
crmsc to the Pacilic in 1 847. Father of Adm. 
Wm. U. Taylor, U.S.N,, and of Capt. O. H. 
t„ iv^l"^ U.S.A. who was killed by Indians 
in Wash. Terr., 17 May, 1858, a. 30. 

Taylor, Zachaby, I2ih pies, of the U S 
b. Orange Co., Va., Sept. 24, 1784; d. Wash- 
ington, D.C., July 9, 1850. His lather liicil- 
ABD was col. 9tli Va. Uegt. in the Hevohuion • 



wasdisling. in the Indian wars; was one of 
the framers of the Const, of Ky., where he had 

i82J, a 8.J. Zachary was scantily educated 
and umil his 24th year was engaged in the a^ 
bors of h,.s father's plantation May 3 1808 
he was made 1st lieut. 7tli Inf ; capt. Nov. 1810 

anvZ^, "^ '" "^''""'-''" India.! attaek 
on Fort Harrison, a stoeka.le on the Wabash 
K.™r (Sept. o 1812), he received the brev. rank 
of major, -the first instance in the service of 
this species of promotion. He took part in the 
successful ex),ed. of Gen. Hopkins against he 

Indians, and in 1814. with tl.e rank of or 

com an exped. against the Uiitish and Indians 
on Uoek River. App. maj. 3d Inf. M.iy, 1810 • 
.ent..eol. Apr. 20, 1819; col. 1st Inf. Apr! 
1832 brev. bng.-gen. June, 1838 ; brov. mai - 
gen May 28, 1846; maj.-gen. June 29, 1846. 
m 18.32 he was engaged in the Bhiek Hawk 

.r','J,'i ^^^V'" "■"" '"■'''^'•«<' "> r-l»"da ; I>c'c 
25, 1837 he defeated the Seminoles at Okeelio- 
bee in a decisive battle; and in April, 18,38 was 
made com.-in-chief in Florida. App. in 1840 
to the com. of the army in the South-west, he 
purchased an estate at Baton Rouge, to which 
he removed his family. On the annexation of 
lexas in 1845, he was ordered to the frontier; 
marched to the Rio Grande in March 1846- 
gained the battles of Palo Alto (May 8) and 
R.saca de la Palma (May 9; ; \ook posses- 
sion of Matamoras, May 18; ciptured Monte- 
rey, Sept. 24 ; au.l Feb. 21, 1847, defeaied he 
Mexicans under Santa Apia at Bucna Vista 
notwithstanding their iminen.se superiority in 
nuinters By this decisive victory,' the reputa- 
tion of Gen Taylor, already great, was im- 
mcn.sely enhanceil. He was remarkable for 
his care of his men, and lor his readiness to 
expose himself to danger. He received the 
tlianks ol Congress and a gold medal for his 
victories ""Mexico, and from his soldiers the 
sobriquet of" Old Rough and Readv." Numi- 
uated to the pres. at the Whig Conv. at Philu 
June 1, 1848, he received in the following Nov 
163 electoral votes against 127 for his opiK.nent 
Cass. Inaug. March 5, 1849, his administra- 
tion IS memorable as the period in which the 
antagonism between the free and slave States 
reached a crisis that seriously thieatencd the 
Union, — aeri.sisavoided byaeompromi.se. Ho 
succumbed to an atta. k of bilious fever a few 
month.s alter his inaug.; and the executive 
power devolved on Vice-Pres. Fillmore. Plain- 
ness and simplicity were the eharacterisiies of 
his manners and appearance. His son Richard 
Davi"" " ^'"- -^ ^""- '"• J^'ffcrson 

Tazewell, Henry, statesman and jurist 
b_In„,s».ick Co., Va., 1753; d. Phihu Jan. 
24, 1 , J9. His ancestor Wm. came from Som- 
ersetshire in 1715 and engaged in the practice 
of la,v^ He lost his father ( Littleton ) i'n early 
life Became a student of Win. and Mary Coll 
and studied law with his uncle John Tazewell 
(clerk of the State conv. ol June, 1776, who d 
at Williamsburg 1781), and was adm. to the 
bar. In 1775 he was a member of the h. of 
burgesses, and in the conv. of June, 1776 was 
placed on the com. which reported the deel. of 
rights and the Constitution. In the h of 



897 



TKL 



dolcKates, to which he was regularly returned 
iiMtil elevateil to the bench, he displayed creat 
talents. At the bar he long enjoyed a larire 
nnd liirrative practice, but in I7SD"was elected 
to a seat on the bench, and consequently be- 
came a iiieinbcr of the Krst Court of Ajjp'cals. 
lie was elected to the Court of Appeals in 
1 7'J.'3 ; and from 1794 to his death he was in the 
US. senate, over which he pres. in I79.">. lie 
bore in that body a disting. part in the discus- 
sions on the Briii-.h treaty, and performed with 
un(|iialilicd applause the office of a leader in 
the Kepub. party. He was a friend of religions 
freedom, and as n State politician approved the 
iilioliiion of primogeniture and entaii.s, and the 
St paraiion of the Church from the State. lie 
was remarkably prepossessing in liis personal 
apm'arance. — (Jrig.iln/. 

Tazewell, Littli;ton Walicer, gov. of 
Va. in 1S34-G ; b. Williamsburg, Va., 17 Dec. 
1774 ; d. Norfolk, Va., May 6, 1800. Wm. and 
Mary Coll. 1791. Son ofthe preceding. He 
studied law under John Wirkhain of IJichmond, 
and began pr.ietice at U'illiamsburg in 1796. 
He was in the State legisl. in 1798. He moved 
to Norfolk in 18(J1, and acquired a large and 
lucrative practice; M.C. 1800-1 ; U.S. senator 
18J4-33. In 18iO he was one of the commiss. 
under the Fla. treaty ; in the senate he was a 
strong sympathizer with the nuUificalion 
movements, and a zealous advocate of all 
Southern political measures ; in 1829 he de- 
clined the inission to London. Author of a 
" Review ofthe Negotiations between the U.S. 
and Great Britain respecting the Commerce 
of the Two Countries," &c., Lond. 8vo, 1829; 
contrib. under the signature Seiiej: to the iVoi'- 
folk Herald in 1827. — See Disroitrse on his 
Lif- /»/ 11 'yh n. Giljsbi/, LL.D., 8vo, 1860. 

Tecumseb, chief of the Sbawnees, b. near 
Springfield, U., ab. 1770; killed in the battle 
of the Thames, C.W., Oct. 5, 1813. He first 
appears in a fight with Ky. troops on the 
Mad l{iver when he was ab. 20, and was .said 
to have run at the first fire ; yet, in ihewarend- 
ing at the treaty of Greenville in 179.5, he was 
noteil as one ofthe boldest and most active of 
the Indian warriors. Ab. 1804 ho projected 
wiih his bro. Elskwatawa, the "Prophet," the 
union of all the Western Indians for the ex- 
tirpation of the whites. He visited all the 
tribes on the W. bank of the Mpi., on Lakes 
Superior, Huron, and Michigan ; the Prophet 
assuming to be commiss. to the Indians from 
the Great Spirit, and preaching against the 
inlluence ofthe white men. They had in 181 1 
gaihereil at Tippecanoe, on the Wabash, a force 
of several hundred warriors, which Gov. Harri- 
son, in the battle of Tippecanoe, Nov. 7, 1811, 
completely defeated. Tecumseh's plan was 
not yet matured, and this battle ruined it. lie 
iieNt .sought the alliance of the Knglisli, and, 
with the rank of brig. -gen., com. all the Indians 
who cooperated with the Knglish in the cam- 
paigns of 1812-13 ; was present in every impor- 
tant engagement previous to that of the Thames; 
and was conspicuous in the skirmishes preced- 
ing Hull's surrender at Detroit. In the ba^ 
tie on the Thames, near the Moravian towns, 
he com. the right wing, the only part of the 
forces ciignjjed. The Indians were driven back ; 
67 



but Teciimseh rnslud forward where the fire 
was hoitcst, and fell Tlie statement that he 
was killed by Col. R. .M. .lohn.son is not now 
credited. A' Life of Tecumseb, and his bi o. the 
Prophet, was written by IJenjaruiu Drake of 
Cincinnati in 1841. 

Tefil, Bt;xj,vMiN Fn.vNiir.iN, 1)1). (of 
Wcsl. U. of Ohio, 1846), LL.D. (of Madi-im 
U. of N. Y. 1852), clergyman, b. Flovd, 
Oneida Co., N.Y., Aug. 20, 181.3. Wesl."U. 
1835. After leaving college, he devoted 4 years 
to legal, metaphvsical, and historical studies. 
Ho was in 1839-41 pastor of a M. E. church 
at Bangor, Me.; in IS4I pres. of a classical 
sem. at Proviilenee, R I. ; and after one ) ear's 
residence it) Boston he was for 3 years prof, of 
Greek and Hebrew in the Indiana A.sbnry U. ; 
in 1846 he became general editor of the books 
and magazines of ihe Meth. book concern at 
Cincinnati ; and in 1 851-4 was pres. of Genesee 
Coll., N.Y. ; pastor at Bangor, Me., 1 8.58-01 ; 
U.S. consul and acting minister at Stockholm, 
1802; commiss. of emigration for Me. to the 
north of Europe, 1804; since 1800 pastor M. 
E. Church, Portland, Me. He has pub. " Tllo 
Shoulder-Knot, or Slicfchcs of the Threefold 
Life of Man," 1850; " Hungarv and Kossuth," 
1851; "Methodism Successful"," 1859; " Web- 
ster and his Masterpieces," 2 vols. 1854; ora- 
tion on "Life and Character of Webster," 1852; 
"The Northern Harp," a poem, 1838; "Pris- 
on-Life," anil an Analysis of liuller's Analogy. 
Tefft, Thomas Alexander, architect and 
monetarian, b. Richmond, R. I., 3 Aug. 1826; 
d. Florence, Italy, 12 J)ec. 1859. B.U. 1851. 
After studying architecture in Providence, and 
furnisliing designs for many private and public 
edi;iei;s, he in 1856 visited Europe to perfect 
himself in the art, and to dirtuse his ideas of a 
unified curreni'y for all n .tions, upon which 
subject he read a paper before the Brit. Insti- 
tute of Social Science. The principal features 
of his plan were after his d. incorporated into 
a plan agreed upon by an internal ional conf. 
at Paris, at which 19 nations were ri;pro;ented, 
in 1867. He pub. "Our Defici. ncy in Art 
Education," Prov. 1852; "Universal Curren- 
cy," &c., Lond. and Edinb. 1351; papers on 
architecture in the .V. Y. Cni'/on, and Letters 
from Europe in the .V. Y. Timis, 1857-8. — 
Mi<mnir hi/ E. M. Slant, Prov., 1869. 

Telfair, Edwaud, gov. of (Ja. 1786 nnd 
1790-3, b. Scotland 1735; d. S -.vannah 17 
Se])t. 1807. Educated at Kirkcudbright gram- 
inar-seliool. He came to Amer. at 2.3 as agent 
of a niTC. house, and resid d some time in Va. 
He removed to Halifax, N.C., and in 1706 to 
Savannah, where he was a merchant. An ;'.c- 
tive promoter of the Rovol., he served on many 
of the committees of the time, and was one of 
the party that broke open the magazin.' at 
Savannah, and removed the powder; d legato 
to the Old Congrcjss in 1778 and 1780-3 ; and 
in 1783 was one of the commiss. to make a 
treatT with the Chcrokces. Tiioma!*, his son 
(N..J. Coll. 1805; M.C. 1813-17), d. Savan- 
nah, Apr. 1818. 

Tellier, Very Rev. RESiioirs.TosErn, su- 
perior of the Jesuits in N.Y., Canada, and ofthe 
Indians of the Lakes, b. Soissons, France, 1 796 ; 
d. St. Mary's Coll.. Montreal, 7 Jan. 1866. 



TEM 



SOS 



H- cntjn^d the society 11 Oct. ISIS; was rvc- 
tor of Chamborry Coll., aud in 1S42 was sent 
toCanadi. llo'oilk-iatid 2 years at La Pnii- 
rio; t'omided the Church of St. Patrick, Mon- 
Lrc;il ; was 3 years stationed in U.C. ; was 
prefoct of studios, and pros, of St. Francis 
Aai-ierColl., andafterward at St. John's Coll., 
Fonlliani, X Y. Made superior of his order 
in 1^50, and rotnniwi to Montr.^'al. 

Temple, D.vxiel, missionarv to Malta, b. 
Beading, Ms., 1790; d. there Aug. 9, 1831. 
D.irtni." 1SI7 ; And. Sem. 1820. He was a 
shoemaker until 21. Having been an agent 
for th ■ Auier. Board of Missions a vcar, he was 
oi-d.inlS21; went to Malta in 1822; in lS'53-44 
was at Smyrna ; was afterward an agont of 
the tioird, preachin'.; in various places ; and was 
settled iii Phelps, N.Y., in IS47-9. He took a 
printing-press to the E;u;t, and pub. Iiooks in 
the modern Greek, Italian, and Armenian lan- 
guages ; wrote many Scripturv hi torles ; and 
cdit.d a m.agazine in Gn-ek. His Life and 
Letters by his son, Rev. D. H. Temple, with 
intivid. hy R. S. Storrs, D.D., was pub., Bost. 
1855. 12mo. 

Temple, Sm Johs, 8th bart., b. Boston, 
1731 : d. Xew York. Xov. 17, 1798. He suc- 
cceiled Sir Richard (comniiss. of the royal navy 
in 1761, at'tcrward corami?is. of the revenue at 
New York), who d.Sov. 13, 1786, without issue. 
Sir John m. a dan. of Gov. Bowdoiu, and was 
ttLvnt and consul-iren. of Great Britain to the 
U.S. — firtam: AlJen. 

Temple, Wilu.im, gov. Delaware 1846, 
b. Q. Anne Co., Md., Feb. 28, 1813 ; d. Smynia, 
Del., 23 May. 1863. A meix'liant at Smyrna. 
A memlxT and speaker of the logisl. in is44; 
member of the State senate 1 845-54 ; and mcm- 
lier cli'ct of the 3Sth Congress when he died. 

Ten Broeck, Gex. Abr.vham, b. Albanv, 
May 13. 1734; d there Jan. 19, 1810. His 
father Diix'k w;is many years rcconlcr, and then 
mayor, of Albjiny. He began business as a 
merehant in 1753, and m. Eliz.ilieth, dan. of 
Gen. Stephen Van Rensselaer; member Col. 
Asseralily 1 761-73, and of the Prov. Congress 
and conv. which organized a State govt, in 
1777, aud pres. of the conv.; .Tune 23, 1778- 
17S1, lirig.-gen. of Albauy militia; com. a 
brigade a^ the battle of Bemis Heights, Oct. 
1777; State senator 17 JO-3 ; mayor of Albany 
1779-83, and first judge Albany County 1781- 
94. — IF'vrifi's Xoi-tfteni fntxisioii. 

Ten Eick, Abr.vh.vm S.. capt. U.S.N., b. 
X.Y. 17S7; d. 2S Mar. 1844; midshipm. 11 
Sept. 1811 ; lieut. 27 Apr. 1816; com. 9 Feb. 
1837; capt. 10 Dec. 1843; in the action be- 
tween the filiates "U. States" and "Mace- 
donian." 25 Oct. 1812. 

Tennent, Gilbert, an eminent preacher, 
b. Armagh, Irx-hind. Feb. 5. 1703 ; d. 23 July, 
1 764. Son of William, a Presb minister, who 
cr.'ic to this country in 1718, and settled near 
Ph'la., whore he opened an acad. for the edu- 
ca:ion of students in divinity, aud d. ab. 1743. 
The son assisted in the dir.'Ction of this cstab- 
lisUm'nt, and, after haNing studied m-dicinc as 
well as tlieology, was in 1726 ord. pastor of a. 
cong. at New Brnn^^riek. In 1740 and '41 he 
tr.w lied through N. Eng. at the r~r]uest of 
WUitefield, and preached in niaay places with 



great success. He was one of the most con- 
spicr.ous ministers of his day, ardent in Ids 
zeal, forcible in his reasoning, and bold and 
passionate in his addre.-scs to the conscience 
and the heart. He aiTccti-d eccentricity in his 
preaching, entering the pulpit on his New-Eng- 
land tour in an overcoat bound with a Icatlirm 
girdle, aud ^\'ith long h-aii-. Notwithstiinding 
his zeal and sucC' ss as a mi.-^ionary, a party 
was formed ag-ainst him, luid he was accnsetl 
of iumiorality. To a hostile ]>amphlet, called 
" The Examiner," he re))^!^! with the " Exatn 
in^r Examined." This controversy occ;>sioued 
the convocation of a syuo<l iu 1741 ; bi.t uo 
decision on the points in dispute took place. 
Tennmt, wiih a vi w to conciliation, pub. a 
remarkable work under the title of' The Peace 
of Jerus;ilom." In 1743 he founded a Presb. 
church at Phila , and sul>sequently travelled 
through some of the States as a missionary. 
In 1733 he went to Eug. to solicit benefac- 
tions to the college of Princeton. Among liis 
other pubs, are an account of a revival of re- 
ligion iu 1 744, aud on the success of the cxped. 
against Loiiijburg ; discourses on several sub- 
jects, l2mo, 1745; "On the Lawfulness of 
Defensive War," 1 747 ; " On the Consistency 
of Defensive War with True Christianity;" 
" Defcn.-ive War Defended ; " and " Senuons on 
Important Subjects," 8vo, 175S; xxiii. Ser- 
mons, Pliila., Svo, 1744. 

Tennent, Willi.vm, clergym.an, bro. of 
the pi\-ceding, b. Antrim Co., Ireland. Jan. 3, 
1703; d. Freehold, N. J., Mar. 8, 1777. N.J. 
Coll. 1758 He came to America with his 
f;'.ther's family iu 1718, and studied theology 
under his bvo at N. Brunswick. He h; d 
nearly completed the course when his health 
failoil, and he fell into a catalep.sy, or trance, 
and for several days appeared as if dead, his 
body l)eing cold aud stitj'. His physician, who 
was also his particular triend, perceiving some 
slight symptoms of vitality, refused to consent 
to his imnal ; and, although his friends were 
satisfied he was dead, his funeral was postponed 
3 days, and subsequently for several honra, 
efforts for his resuscitation being finally suc- 
cessful. His recovery was slow and painfid ; 
all pre^-ious knowledge w,is forgotten ; and he 
had to be taught reading, writiug, aud all 
things, as a newborn child. At length ho felt 
a sudden shock in his head, and by degrees his 
recollection w.as restored. He told his frieuds, 
that, at the time of his apparent death, he fountl 
himself in heaven in the presenci' of an iiulc- 
scribablc glory, and of an innumerable host of 
happy worshippers, and hi ard sougs of praise 
whieh were unutterable. When about to join 
th.' throng, a heavenly messenger said to liim, 
" You must retmu to the earth." At the 
shock of this news he opened his eyes, and, 
finding himself in the world, fainted" For 3 
years, he .said, the recollection of what he had 
seen and heard was so intense as to make 
earthly things seem worthless Oct. 25, 1 733, 
he was onl. at Freehold, Monmouth Co., N. J., 
as successor of his bro. John, and continued pas- 
tor 44 years. He pnb. a few occasional scr^ 
inons. A Memoir, giving a very full acconut 
of his tmnce, was prepared and pub. hy Judge 
Elias Boudinot, N.Y., ISmo. 1847. 



899 



Tenney, Johs S., LL.D., an able lawyer, 

Ml justice of Me. 1856-63, b. iNMl. 1789 '; d. 
.\ijni(i;;e«ock. Me., 23 Aug. 1869. Bowd. 
Cull. 181 G. 

Tenney, Samuel. M.D., physician and 
i.hvsicist. I). Byfield, Ms., Nov. 27, 1748; d. 
i:xctcr, Feb. 6,"l816. H.U. 1772. After teach- 
ing: school one year at Andover, he studied 
medicine \vith Dr. Kiltrcdge ; went in 1775 to 
ciinimencc ])racticc at Kxetcr, but, joining: the 
avriiy on the day of the battle of Bmiker's Hill, 
euuiinued in scrvieo as a surgeon during the 
war. After ser\in" one year in the M.s. line, he 
entered that of K.I. ; was present at Saratoga 
and Yorktowu; and was a volunteer at Kcd 
I!ank, where he dressed the wounds of Donop, 
the Hessian commander. After the war, he m. 
and settled at Exeter, but did not resume prac- 
tice. In 1788 he was a member of the IState 
Const. Conv. ; judge of probate for Roeking- 
liam Co. in 179.3-1800; and M.C. in 1800-7. 
Member of the Acad, of Arts and Sciences, to 
whose Memoirs he eontrib. an account of the 
celebrated Saratoga mineral-waters and his 
" Theory of Prismatic Colors." For'the Ms. 
Hist. Society he furnished an account of Exe- 
ter, and a notice of the " dark day," May 1 9, 
1 780, and for the Ms. Agrie. Soc. a mueh-ap- 
[iroved treatise on orcharding. He pub. many 
lioliiical essays in the newspapers, and p.trticu- 
l.irlv in 1 788 in favor of the Federal Constitu- 
tion. In 1811 he inib. in the X.Y. J/rrf. />e- 
jinsi'or,/ "An Explanation of Certain Curious 
I'benoraena in the Heating of Water." T.VBi- 
Tn.v his wife, dau. of Samuel Gilman. m. in 
17S8 (b. E.xcter, N.IL, 1762; d. there 2 May, 
1837), was the author of " Adventures of Dor- 
casina Sheldon, or Female Quixotism " (2d 
ed. Xewburyport, 12rao, 1808), and " The New 
Pleading Instructor." 

Tenney, William Jewett, editor, b. 
Ncwjiort, K.I., 1811. Y. C. 1832. He com- 
pleted and indexed Benton's Abridgment of 
the Debates of Congress ; has edited Apple- 
ton's Annual Cyclop. ; was co-editor N. Y. 
Jofir. nf Commerce, 1841, and N.Y. Ereniiig 
Post, 1842-3 and 1847-8, Minim/ Mwiazine, 
N.V.. 18.'j.3-60, 8 vols. 8yo; contiib. to 'Hunt's 
Mmliis. Mnrj. Author of the " Milit. and 
Naval History of the Kebcllion," 8vo, 1865; 
"(;r:imninlical Analysis," 1860. — yl/W/onc. 

Terhune, Mary Virginia (" Mario>j 
Hari.asd"), novelist, b. Va. Her father, Sara. 
P. Hawcs of Dorclicster, is a merchant of 
nichmond, and a descendant of the Puritans; 
Iier mother is a descendant of the earliest set- 
tlers of Va. At 14 she began to eontrib. to a 
weekly city journal. A fugitive sketch written 
at 16,'entitled " Marrj-ing through Prudential 
M lilies," was copied from (iorla/'s Ladi/'s Hook 
into an English paper, thence transferred to 
a I'arisian journal, retranslated for another 
English periodical', and finally copied in Amer- 
ica, and extensively circulated as an English 
story. In 1 854 she pnb. " Alone," a highly-snc- 
cessi'ul novel, under the asssumed name of 
Marion Harland; the "Hidden Path" followed 
in 1856; "Moss Side "in 1857; ''Hu.sbands 
and Homes," " Nemesis," " Sunnvbank," 
1866; "Christmas Holly," 1867; ""Kuby's 
Husband," 1868; "Common Sense in the 



Household," a book of domestic receipts, 1871 
In 1856 she m. Rev. E. P. Terhune, pastor of 
a Va. church, who in 1859 became pastor of 
the Dutch Kef Church in Newark, New Jer- 
sey. 

Ternant, Chevalier Jeav de, n French 
officer, who served in the Amer. Revol. uriuv; 
d. Conches, Normandy, 1816. In Apr. I7i'8 
he was app. one of Steuben's sub-inspec;ors 
(rank major); Se[it. 25, 1778, he wa.s made 
licut.<ol. ami inspector of the troops in S.C. 
and Ga. ; was taken prisoner at Charleston in 
1780; was afterwards exchanged, and. having 
temporarily tilled the place of Col. Armauir, 
resumed his duties in the south. He was a 
col. during the wars of the French reiol. ; and 
was ambassador to the U.S. in 1790-3. Ter- 
nant was a man of decided ability and remark- 
able accomplishments. — See KM/ip's Life of 
Sleiihen. 

Ternaux (tfir'-no') Compans, Henri, 

nephew of Baron Guillaume Louis; d. Dec. 
1864. Has pub. 2 series of 10 vols, each of 
" I'oi/af/rs, R^ations^et M^moires" frominedltcd 
Spanish MSS., relating to the discovery and 
conquest of America, — a work of inestimaldo 
value (Piiiis. 1836-40); '• BibHothiriue Aine'ri- 
caine, 1493-1700 ". .(Svo, Paris, 1837); and 
various other works. 

Ternay, Charles Lewis d'Arsac de, a 
French admiral ; d. Newport, R.I., Dec. 15, 
1780, a. 58. He w.as descended from an 
ancient and noble family of Brctagne, and en- 
tered the service in 1738. He invaded New- 
foundland In 1762 Ineom.ofasquadron; landed 
at St. John's ,Iune 2, reduced the place, and 
captured several vessels; resigned in 1772, :ind 
till 1779 was gov. of Bourbon and the adjacent 
isles. In 1780 he was ordered with a fleet to 
the U.S., carrying Rochamheau's army, and 
arrived at Newport, July 10, 1780, but died 
shortly afterward. 

Terrell, Dr- William, M. C. from Ga. 
1817-21 ; d. Sparta, Ga., July 4, 1855. He 
was frequently a member of the Slate legisl ; 
took great interest in the promotion of agricul- 
tural science; and in 1853 gave S20,000 for the 
establishment of an agrie. professorship In the 
U. of Georgia. 

Terrill, Gen. William R., b. Va. 1832 ; 
killed at the battle of Perrvvllle, Ky., Oct. 8, 
1862. West Point, 18.53. ■2d lieut. 4ih An. 
4 Nov. 18.53 ; was in the Florida war 1856-7 ; 
1st lieul. 31 Mar. 1856 ; capt. 5ih Art. 14 May, 
1861. He then raised a regl.of vols., was sent 
to Ky., com. a battery in Gen. McCook's divis- 
ion, was assigned to com. a brigade in Gen. 
Buell's army, and was chief of art. 2d division, 
and. for his bravery and ability at the battle 
of Sliiloh, was made brig.-gen of vols. Sept. 9. 
1862. 

Terry, Alfred Howe, brig.-gen. U.S.A., 
b. Hanford, Ct., Nov. 10, 1827. Edueaied at 
Y.C., from which he received an hon. dcg. In 
1865; studied law; »va3 adm. to the bar In 
1848; was cjerk of the N. Haven Co. Couris 
from June, 18.54, to June, 1860. He had com. 
the N. Haven Co. (2d Rcgt.) since 1854, and In 
Apr. 1861 led it to the field, serving at Bull 
Run, retiring In good order when the day was 
lost, bringing up the rear In the retreat, and 



TKR 



900 



TULA. 



saving ft large amount of govt, property. He 
then raiiieil the 7tli Ct. ISegt., wliicli was at- 
tachcii to the expod. iiniler Gen. T. \V. Sher- 
man ; Nov. 7 it oeeiipieil the eaptureil fort on 
Hilton Head; was employed in the investment 
j( Fort Pulaski, and on its ciiptnrc was placed 
in charge of it. Purini; the snrnmer of 18G2 
ne had com. of the posts and funs on the At- 
lantic coasts of Florida. Made brig.-;;cn. Mar 
24, I8G2, and led a brigade in the battle of 
Pocotaligo; com. div. 10th corps, and engaged 
in the operations in Charleston harbor; also in 
Army of the James, and engaged at Drury's 
Bluffy Bermuda Hundred, Deep Bottom, sie^c, 
of Petersburg, actions of Newmarket and Wil- 
liamsburg Roads ; com. 10th corps May to Dec. 
18G4; Jan. 15, 18C5, at the head of the 1st div. 
24th corps, aided by the fleet of Com. Porter, 
he carried by assault Fort Fisher, ending Con- 
fed, supremacy in Cape-Fear River; maj.-gen. 
of vols, and brig.-gen. U.S.A. Jan. I.'), 18G5 ; 
com. corps, and engaged in the capture of Wil- 
mington, N.C., and aetionof North-east Creek, 
N.C. ; brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A. for ;;allant and 
meritorious conduct at capture of Wilmington, 
North Carolina. 

Terry, Wilm.vm R., brig.-gen. Confcd. 
army, b. Va. ; killed in the assault on Fort 
Stedinan, near Petersburg, March 2.5, 186.5. 
He was educated at the Lexington Military 
Acad. ; com. 24th Va. Regt., and wounded at 
Gettysburg ; afterward com. a brigade. 

Tertre, John Baptist, a French mission- 
ary, b. Calais; d. Paris, 1G87. After serving 
his country in the military and naval service, 
he became a Dominican friar, and, after a 
zealous prosecution of missionary labor in 
America, returned to Europe in 16r)8. Author 
of" A General History of the Antilles belong- 
ing to tlir French," 4"voIs. 4to, 16G7-71. 

Teschemaeher, J. K., geologist and nat- 
uralist; d. ISfj.'j. Author of " Concise Ap])li- 
cation of the Principles of Structural Botany 
to Horticulture," Boston, 1840; "Essay on 
Guano," 1845; " ChcTuieal Field LeeluVes," 
from the German, 12inQ, Cambridge, 1852. 

Thacher, Geoege, judge, b. Yarmouth, 
Ms., Ai^r. 12, 1754 ; d. Biddeford, Me., Apr. 6, 
1824. H.U. 1776. He studied law, and in 
1782 established himself in practice in Bidde- 
ford. A delegate to the Old Congress in 1787- 
8; M.C. 1789-1801 ; dist. judge in Me. 1792- 
1800; judge of the Sup. Court l.>^00-.lan. 1824; 
also a member of the conv. whieh framed the 
con-t. (if Me. in 1819. He was a man of su- 
jierior abilities, and was famous for his wit. 

Thacher, Jami;s, M.D., phvsician and 
amhor, b. B.arnstable, Ms., 14 F^b. 1754; d. 
Plymouth, Ms., 24 May, 1 ■i44. He studied un- 
der Dr. AbiurHersey ; joined the Revol.army 
at Cambridge in 1775 as a siu'geon's mate under 
Dr. John WaiTcn ; was promoted to surgeon, 
and served through the war, being ])re»ent at 
many of the principal battles. He kept a diary 
of tiie war, pub. in 1824 as a "Military Jour- 
nal of the Revolution," — a work id' gr.at his- 
torical value. In Mar. 178;) he set'leil in prac- 
tice at Plymouth. Author of " Amir. New 
Dispensatory," 1810; " llydropliobia," 1812 ; 
" Modern Practice of Phy.-ie," 1817 ; " Amer. 
Orchardist," 8vo, 1822; "Amer. Med. Biog.," 



2 vols. 8vo, 182''; " M.an.agement of Bee.s," 
1821, 12mo; " Demonologv, Ghosts," &c. 
1831; and "History of Plymouth." 1S.12'. 
He also contrib. many valuable papers to peri- 
odicals. Hi,' reeeiviii the hon. deg. of A.M. 
fi-om H.U. 1803, and of M.D. in ISIO Mem- 
ber Ms. Med. Soc. and of the Acad, of Arts and 
Sciences. 

Thacher, Oxenbridge, an eminent law- 
yer and ]iatrioi ; d. July 8, 1705, a. 45. H.U. 
17.38. (Irandsonof Iv v.Peterof]VIiIton,.andson 
of Oxenbrid-eof Milton, who d. 1772,a 92. His 
delicate health conipilled him to exeiiangc tho 
pulpit for the bar, where, as also in political 
life, his talents m.idc him conspicuous. A i\ ;)- 
resentativo from Boston when ihe first of tho 
unpopular measures of the British govt, to 
raise a revenue in tho Cohmi s was passed, ho 
was their firm ojiponent. Hi; ])am;lilet, " The 
Senthnents of British Anurieims " (1764), lev- 
elled against the Navigation Act, was very pop- 
ular, and well adapted to the times. • lie also 
pub. " Considerations upon reducing the Value 
of the Gold Coins witliin the Province," 17C0, 

— /■y;,ji. 

Thacher, Peter, first minister of Milton 
from Sept. 2, 1681, to hi.s d. Dec. 23, 1727, h. 
Salem, July 18, 1651. H.U. 1671. Son of 
Eev. Thos. He pre xhed to the neighboring 
Indians in their own langn.ig", and, b ing a 
physician, expended much of hi.s salary in iho 
purcha.se of medicines for tlie sick and imligiiit. 
He published "Unbelief Detected and Con- 
demned," 1708; and some occasional sermons. 

— Sjiriujuc, 

Thacher, Peter, minister of Attleborough 
from Nov. 30, 1748, to his d. Sept. 13, 17;>5, 
h. Middleborough, Jan. 25, 1716., 11. U. 1737. 
Son of lVter,minislcrof Middlelwrough (1709- 
44). A vol. of his sermons was pub. alter his 
death. 

Thacher, Petek, D.D. (Edinb. 1791), 
minister in Bo.-tou, b. Milton, Mar. 21, 1752, 
d. Savannah, Ca., Dec. 16, 1802. H.U. 17G9. 
Son of Oxenhridge (out,). Sept. 19, 1770, he 
was ord. minister of Maiden. During his resi- 
dence there, he took an active ])art in the pre- 
Revol. measures ; wrote, at the reijuest of the 
Ms. eoni. (if salriy, a "Narrative of the Battle 
of Bunker's Hill," pub. in the "Journals" of 
the I'rov. Congnss, of v.hieh he was a mem- 
ber; draughted' the spirited resolves and in- 
structions recorded on the Maiden records of 
1775 ; was a delegate to the State Const. Conv. 
of 1780, and strenuously contendisl against 
establishing the ollice of gov., and finally to tho 
title of " His Excellency." Often a cliaplain 
of the State legisl. Installed over the Brattle- 
st. Church, Boston, Jan. 12, 17b5, and retained 
the pastorate till his death. He was an ex- 
cellent ])reaeher, possessed in a singular degree 
the gift of prayer, and was not less remarkable 
for his colloquial powers. Whitefield called 
him " the young Elijah." He w;us a niinilirr 
of the Amer. Acad, of Arts and Sciences, and 
of many N.E. literary and charitable iusiiln- 
tions. March 5, 1776, he pronuuucrd tlir an- 
nual oration commiMuorating the " M;i -Min," 
at Watertown, against "Slandiiit; Anniis." 
He pub. 22 distinct works, among which were 
" Observations on the State of the Clergy in 



TUIA. 



901 



,THLA. 



New England," 17S3; and " Memoirs of Dr. 
BoylstonV 17S9. 

Thaeher, Peter Oxenbridge, lawver 
and jurLst, 1). Maiden, Dee. l'2, 1776; d. Boi- 
tou. Feb. 22, lti4.3. II.U. 1796. Son of the 
preeediiiy. He s.udied and |.raelised law in 
Boston, and in 1S23-43 was judge of its JIu- 
nieipal Court. The criminal eases of Judge 
Thaeher, edited by Woodman in 1845, is a 
stand;ird text-liook. Member Amer. Aead. of 
Arts and Seiences. 

Thaeher, Sa-muel Cooper, Cong, clergy- 
man, b. Dee. 4, 1785; d. of consHni;ition at 
Jlonlins, France, Jan. 2, I81S. U.U. 1804. 
Son of the Hev. Peter, D.D. After vi^-iting- 
Kurope with Kev. Mr. Bnckminster in 1806, 
he was Iibrari:;n of II.U. in ISOS-U ; and was 
ord. as sucicssor of Dr. Kirkland, in the Xew 
South Church, Boston, May 15, 1811. Mr. 
Thaeher was a line scholar ; and his contribs. 
to tlie poriodieal litei-ature of the day were noted 
for jiurity of style, and elegance of diction. As 
a preacher he was fervent and impressive. A 
Vol. of his sermons, with a Memoir, was pub. 
bv his successor, Rev. F. W. P. Greenwood, 
8vo, IS04. 

Thaeher, Thomas, first minister of the 
OKI South Church, Boston, from Feb. 16, 
1670, to his d. Oct. 15, 1678; b. Eng. Jlay 1, 
1620. He emig. to Boston in 1635. Studied 
under Chauncoy ; was ord. minister of Wcv- 
niDuth, June 2, 1644; moved to Boston in 
1GG4. He prepared a "Hebrew Lexicon," and 
was a good physician and a popular ])rcaclicr. 
He pul). " A Brief Rule, &c., in the Small-Pox 
and Measles," 1677, 2d edition, 1702. 

Thateher, Benjamin Bussey, author, b. 
Warren, Me., Oct. 8, 1809 ; d. Baston, July 
14,1840. Bowd. Coll. 1826. His father Sam- 
n 1 was a disting. lawyer, and M.C. in 1 802-5. 
The son studied law, an<l practised in Boston. 
He w;is a constant contrib. to the leading peri- 
odicals of the day. Pub. "Indian Biographv," 
1832; "Indian "Traits," 1833; a"Monioirof 
Pliillis Wheatley ; " " Traits of the Boston Tea- 
Paity," 1835; "Tales of the Amer. Revol.," 
1846"; "Memoir of S. Osgood Wright," 16nio, 
l,-'34; "Tales of the Indians," 18uio, 1831. 
Edited the "Boston Book," l2rao, 1837. His 
poiins are numerous, and mostly of a medita- 
tive and descriptive iharacter. 

Thatcher, IIenkv Knox, rear-admiral 
r.S.N., b. Thoniaston, Me., 26 May, 1806 
His grandfather was Gen. Ileurv Knox. Mid- 
fhipm. March 4, 1823; lieut. Feb. 28, 1833; 
com. Sept. 14, 1855; capt. 1861 ; commo. Jtdy 
3, 1SG2; rear-admiral, July 25, 1866; retired 
26 May, 1S68. Com. fi-iga'te " Constellation," 
Mcdit. squadron, 1862-3; com. steam-fiigate 
" Colorado," N. Atl. block, squad., 1864-5, and 
in the two attacks on Fort Fisher, Dec. 1!^64 
and Jan. 1865; aflerwanl com. West Gulf 
si|uail., ami co-opiratid with (icn. Canby in 
the reduction of Mobile ; and May 10, fsiiS, 
he received the surrender of the Coufcd. naval 
force in tho*e waters. 

Thaxter, Adam Wallace, jimrnalist and 
jinel. li. 15.i>toii. 16 Jan. 18.32; d. there 8 June, 
18C4. II.U. 1852. Cami>. Law School, lS."i4. 
Dramatic and literiiry critic of the Unsloii ICim- 
inj Gaulle for 7 years, and author of some acting 



plays, including "The Regicide," a tragedv; 
a poem before the " ladma " of H.U., Cain- 
bricli;e, 1S50; " The Grotio Nymph," 1859. 

Thayer, Ki.nif, D.I). "(Danm. 1807), 

minisier of Kingston, N.II., from Dec. 18 
1776, to bis i\. Apr. 3, 1812, b. Braintree, Ms., 
March 2'J, 1747. N.J. Coll. 1769. He was a 
good scholar, and fitted many young men for 
colle:;e. A vOl. of his sermons was jiub. 1813. 
Thayer, John Milton, U. S. semiior 
from Nehi-a.-ka 1867-71, b. Beliiugham, Ms., 
2lJ,m. 1820. Brown U. 1841. Studietl and 
practised law ; settled in Nebraska in 1854; I'C- 
camo brig. -gen. of militia, and member of the 
Terr, legisl. ; col. of vols. 1861 ; brig -l;cii. 13 
Mar. 1863 for services at Fort Donelson and 
Shiloli ; disting. at Vicksburg and Cliiekasaw 
Bayou, and promo, inaj.-gen. of volunteers. 

'thayer, Xathamei., D.D. (II.U. isi7), 

a Unitarian elergvinau, b. Hampton, N.II., 
July 11, 17i>9; d. "Rochester, N.Y., June 23, 
1840. II.U. 1789. He commenced his minis- 
try at Wilkesbarre, Pa., where he remained 
nearly a year; and, on his return to N.E. in 
1793, he was settled at Lancaster, Ms., where 
he ivsided during the remainder ot bis life. 23 
of bis weas. discourses have been ]>ub. His son 
Xatiil. has been a nuiuitieent patron of II.U. 

Thayer, Maj. Simeon, Hevol. oliieer, b. 
Mendoii, .Ms., Apr. 30, 1737; d. Cumberland, 
IM., Oct. 14, 1800, In his youth he was an 
apprentiee in R.I. ; in 1756 served with the 
R.l. troops in the Freneh war; in 17.,')7 in the 
JIs. line under Col. Frye, and under Rogers 
the ranger; in Au^'. 1757 was taken prisoner 
at Fori William Henry; in May, 1775, was 
app. capt. by the Gen. Assembly of R.I. ; ac- 
comp. .Arnold's exped. to Quebec, and was 
taken prisoner; was exchanged July 1. 1777; 
was app. maj. Jan. 1, 1777; was prominent 
in the defence of Iie<l Bank and the brilliant 
victory there, nnil in the subsequent heroic de- 
fence of Fort Mitllin, for wliicli he ivceived a 
sword from the R.I. Assembly in July; was 
severely wounded in the battle of Monmouth 
in 1778; in 1780 was in Col. Augell's regt. in 
N.J. ; and Jan. 1, 1781, retired from the ser- 
vice. His Juurual of the Invasion of Cainula 
in 1775, with notes and appendix by E. M. 
Stone, appeared in 1867. 

Thayer, Svlvancs, LL.D. (St. .John's 
Coll. K-.JO). brev. brig.-gen. U.S.A., b Brain- 
tree, JIs., 19 June, 178.5 Dartm. Coll. 1807. 
West Point, 1808. A.M. of Ken. Coll. 1846; 
II.U. 1857: member Amer. Philos. Soe. 1838. 
Entering the U.S. engrs., he became chief engr. 
of Gen. Dearborn's army in 1812, and of 
Hampton's divis. 1813, and also his aide-de- 
camp; capt. of engrs. Oct. 1813; chief engr. 
in defence of Norfolk, Va . 1814 ; brigade maj. 
to Gen. Porter, Jan. 181-l-.May, 1815; brev. 
maj. for services at Norfolk 20 Feb. 1815; 
bixv. lienl.-col. 3 Mar. 1823; sent with Col. 
McRac by the govt, to France and Belgium in 
1815 to CNHminc the fonitieaiions in Ihosu 
countries; superint. West-Point Acail. 1817- 
.33; maj. 24 May, 1828; lieut.-<-ol. 7 July, 
1838; col. 3 Mar. 1 863; brev. bri^-gen. 31 
May, 1863 ; resigned 1 June, I8K3. Construct- 
ing en;:r. of the defences of Boston harbor 
1833-57; and temporary chief of the cngincei 



THA. 



90; 



corps in 1 857-9. Author of " Pajicrs on Prac- 
tical Kiigineurinp:," &c., 8vo, 1844. 

Thayer, William Makki-eack, D.D., 
1.1. Franklin, Ms , 1820. Brown U. 1843. Pas- 
tor of Con;;. Churi-h, A^hl.•ln(l, M,s., 1849-G8, 
now (1871) ri'<uic.^ in Franklin, Ms. Antlior 
if a nnnilier of rflii;ioHS anil jnvcnili; hooks, 
anion^' them a scries of popular Ijio^rapliies 
MUil •• Youth's Hist, of the Ui-hcllion." 4 vols., 
l''64-6. Fditor of the lloiiw Mmit/ili/, and the 
Mulfifi's A^sislani : conirib. to the Cumjm/a- 
I'Oiullst and to the Puritan liecorjer. — AlU- 

Theller, Br. Edward Alexander, jour- 
nalist ; d. Uonitas, Cal., 1859. For Iiis active 
jiariii-ipatiou in the Canadian rebellion in 1837, 
lie was arrested, tried, convicted, and sen- 
tenced to death, but escaped from jail, came to 
the U.S., was a resident of N. York in 1841-2, 
where he published "Canada in 1837-8," 2 
vols. 1841. He went to California in 1853, 
and was editor of the Public Ledi/er, and after- 
ward of the Air/us. He was at one time supt. 
of the ]jublic schools in San Francisco. — Hist. 
Mini., iii. 257. 

Thorn, James, a self-taught Ayrshire 
sculptor; d. N.Y'. City, Apr. 17, 1850, a. 51. 
The celebrated group of Tarn O'Shanter first 
raised Thorn into notice, and, from the con- 
dition of an obscure, uneducated stone-cutter, 
sernrcd for him fame and employment in Lon- 
don. Mr. Thom came to America ab. 1837 
in pursuit of a person who had l>ecn previously 
sent over by the proprietors to exhibit his Taiii 
O'Shanter and Old Mortality, but who, we 
believe, made no returns, or report of his pro- 
ceetlings. lie succeeded in recovering a por- 
tion of the money for which it appeared tfiese 
admirable works had been sold, and transmit- 
ted it to the pro])rietors, who had been his 
benefactors, determining to remain in Newark 
to pursue his profession. In exploring the 
country in that vicinity for stone ada])ted to his 
purposes, he brou'jht into notice a fine free- 
stone quarry at Little Falls, which has since 
furnished the stone for the court house in New- 
ark, Trinity Church, New Y^ork, and many 
other jpublie buildings. 

Thomas, Benjamin F., LL.D. (B.U. 
IS.')."), jurist, grandson of Isaiah, b. Boston, 
12 Feb. 1813, removed to Worcester 1819. 
Brown U. 1830. Adm. to the bar 1833 ; mem- 
ber Ms. legisl. 1842; judge of probate. Wore. 
Co., 1844-8; judge Ms. Sup. Court 18.5.3-9; 
nsumed practice in Boston; M.C. 1861-3. 
Author of " Law of Towns and Town-Offi- 
cers," 1845; "Suggestions upon the Personal- 
lilierry Law." 1861. 

Thomas, Gen. Charles, b. Pa. ab. 1800. 
Lieui. of ordnance Aug. 13, 1819; assist.com'- 
niiss. .Jan. 1824 ; assist, quarterm. May, 1826 ; 
ea'pt. Apr. 1833; quarterm. (rank of major) 
July 7, 1838 ; brev. lieut.-col. for meritorious 
services in Mexico, May .30, 1848; dep. quar- 
term.-gen. (rank lieut -eol.) May 23, 1850; 
a.ssist.qu!irteim.-geii. (rank col.) Aug. 1, 1856 ; 
brev. iiiajor-2en, March 13, 1865, for faithful, 
merit., and <list. servii cs during the war; ret. 
July -M, 1866. — Gnrdiuir. 

Thomas, David, iiomokigist and aL'ricuI- 
tuiist, b. Moiiigumcry Co., Pa., 1776 ; d. 



Cayuga Co., N.Y'., 1859. Of Quaker parent- 
age. Removed in 1805 to near Aurora, Caviiga 
Co., N.Y. ,Puh. in 1817 "Travels in the 
West," which led to his app. of chief eng. Erie 
Canal, west of lloehcster; ami was subsequent- 
ly a ]>rineii)al cng. of the Weliaud Canal, Cana- 
da. Kminent as a florist and pomologist ; his 
contributions to the Genesee Fnniitr led lo gi'eat 
jiractical improvements, and more enlightened 
views of agriculture. — Tlionias. 

Thomas, Fue.nezer S.mith, jonrnalist, 
b. West Cambridge, Ms., 1775; d. Cincin 22 
Oct. 1845. A relative of Isaiah, in whose 
office at Worcester he learned the printer's art. 
Established himself as a bookseller in Charles- 
town, S.C., in 1795, and edited the C'iti/ Gtizitle 
in 1810-16; removed to Baltimore in 1816; 
was a member of the Icgisl. in 1818-19; ami 
from 1829 to his death was a resident of Cin- 
cinnati, where he edited the Daily Ailn-rtisir m 
1829-35, and the Evenimj Post in 183.5-9. He 
pub. " Heininiscences of the Last 65 Y'ears," 2 
vols. 1840. Fred. Wm. and Lewis 1'. are his 
sons. 

Thomas, Francis, statesman, b. Freder- 
ick Co., Md., Feb. 3, 1799. St. John's Coll. 
Adui. to the bar in 1820; member of the house 
of delegates in 1822-27 and '29, when lie was 
chosen .speaker; M.C. 1831-41 and 1861-9; 
gov. of Md. 1841-4 ; pres. of the Chesapeake 
and Ohio Canal 1839; member of the State 
Const. Conv. of 18.50. He was one of the first 
men in Md. to warn the peo|)le of the approach- 
ing Hebellion, and raised a brigade of 3,000 
vols., but declined a military app. ; delegate to 
the I'hila. Loyalist Conv. of 1866. 

Thomas, Fricderick William, author 
and journali-st, b. Providence, 25 Oct. 1808; d. 
Washington, D.C., 30 Se[it. 1866. Son of E. 
S. Thomas. Adm. to the Baltimore bar in 
1828. Removed to Cincinnati in 1830, and 
assisted his father in editing the Advi-iiisir, con- 
tributing to it the song, " "I'is said that Absence 
conquers Love," and " The Emigrants," a 
poem, pub. in 1833. Associate editor of the 
Uemoc. Intelli'/eiicer in 1 8.')4 ; of the /Jnili/ Eren- 
iiif) Post in 1835; resided in Washington in 
1841-50 ; was for a short time a minister in the 
M.E. Church in Cincinnati; afterward prof, of 
rhetoric and Eng. lit. in the Ala. U. ; resumed 
the practice of law at Cambridge, Md., in 1858 ; 
and in 1860 look charge of the lit. dept. of the 
Richmond Em/iiinr. He was a successful lec- 
turer, especially on " Eloquence," " Earlv 
Struggles of Eminent Men," &c. Author oi' 
"Clinton Bradshaw," a novel, 1835; " Ea-t 
and West." 1836; "Howard Pinckncv," 
1840 ; " The Beeehen Tree, and Other Poein"s," 
1844; "John Randolph of Roanoke, and Oilier 
Sketches of Character," 1853. 

Thomas, Gauriel, author of "A Ili-t. 
and Ueog. Account of Pa. and Western N. J.," 
London, l2nio, 1697. He was a Quaker, and 
resided in this country in 1682-97. 

Thomas, Sir {;eoroe, bart., gov. of Pa. 
17.iK-47; d. Londim, Jan. U, 1775. He was 
previously a wealthy planter of Antigua, and a 
memberof the council of that island. In 1752- 
66 he was gov. of the Leeward and Caribhee 
Islands. Created a baronet in 1766. 

Thomas, Gen. George Henrv, b. South- 



THO 



903 



THO 



nmpton Co.. Va., 31 Julv, 1S16 ; d. San 
Fi;iiuisco, Ciil., 2S Jliinh, l"870. West Point, 
1S40. His father was of W'eUh, and his 
mother of Krcneh-Hu^ucnot de,<cent. Enter- 
in;; the 3d Art., he was brev. 6 Nov. 1S41 for 
gallantry and good conduet in the Florida 
war; Ut lieiit. 30 April, 1844; earned the 
lirevets of capt. and major for galhintry at 
Monterey and Bnena Vista 23 Sept. 1846 
and 23 Feb. 1847; again served against the 
Seminole Indians in 1849-50 ; instr. ofart. and 
cav. at West Point 1851— t ; capt. .3d Art. 24 
De;-. 1853 ; maj. 2d Cav. 12 May, 1855 ; .«erved 
in Texas in 1S56-60, in Red-river and Kiowa 
e.spedi ions, and wounded 26 Aug. 1800 near 
Clear Fork of Brazos Uivcr ; lieut.-col. 25 Apr. 
1861 ; col. 3 May, 1861 ; 5th Cav. 3 Aug. 
1861 ; ccnn. Iiripule in .tetion at Falling Waters 
2 July, at Martinshurg. and at Bunker Hill, 
Va. ; brig.-gen. vols. 17 Aug. 1861 ; com. 
division of Army of Ohio, Xov. 1861 to 19 
Mar. 1862, and com. at Mill Spring, Ky., de- 
feating ZoUikoft'er 19 Jan. 1862 ; com. the 
right wiipg. Army of Tenn.. at Corinth, Mpi. ; 
second ill com. of Armv of the Ohio at battle 
of Perryvdle 8 Oct. 1862; com. 14th corps. 
Army of the Cumberland, Nov. 1862 to Oct. 
1863, and engaged at Stone River and at 
Chickamauga. where he cheeked the enemy's 
advance, standing firm when the rest of the 
army had been routed, 21 Sept. 1863 ; com. 
the bept. and Armv of the Cumberland 19 Oct. 
1S63 ; brig.-gen. L''.S..\. 27 Oct. 1863 ; in bat- 
tles of Mi>siun. Ridge, Ringgold, D.dioii. Resa- 
ca, Cassville, Dallas, Kenesaw, siege of At- 
lanta, assault on Jonesborough and capture of 
Atlanta 2 Sept. 1864; defended Tenn. against 
Gen. Hood ; won the battle of Franklin .30 
Nov., and completely routed the Conlid. army 
at Nashville 15-16 Oee. 1864, and was made 
maj.-gen. U.S.A. from 15 Dee. Mar. 3, 1S05, 
he received the thanks of Congress for this 
eminent service, and from the legisl. of Tenn., 
2 Nov. 1 865, a vote of thanks and a gold iiied il. 
Ocn. Thomas was remarkable for simp. icily of 
char.icter, modesty, stability, and discretion. 
In Feb. 1868, Pi-es. Johnson having offered 
him the brev. of lieut.-gen., he declined the 
compliment, saying he had done nothing since 
the war to merit sueh promotion. 

Thomas, Isahh, LL.D. (Alleg. Coll.), 
joiMii:ili-I and author, h. Boston, ,Jau. 19, 1749 ; 
d Worcester. .Ms., April 4, 1831. Moses his 
lailier died while he was yet a child. After 
an apprenticeship of II years to a printer, he 
at the age of 18 commenced business at New- 
luiiyport. In 1770 he transferred his estab ish- 
nKiiI to Boston, and on 17 July, 1771, issued 
the tii>t niimlier of the .1/s. S/'i/. in which 
appeared many bold and spirited appeals 
on th- subject of the oppressive acts of par- 
li;oiient towards the Colonies. In 1771 Gov. 
Hutchinson sought to arraign Mr. Tliomas to 
answer for nn article which appeared in his 
paper ; and theatty -gen. endeavored to procure 
an indictment against him. hut in vain. A few 
d.iys alter the battle of lx>xington. in which he 
participated, he moved his priniing-ofiice to 
Worecsier, where he continued to pnb. his 
pa|>er, with which he was connected till 1801 ; 
in 1801-19 it was pub. by Isaiah Thomas, jun. 



In 1788 he opened a bookstore in Boston under 
the tirin of Thomas and Andivws, and also 
established branches of his publishing business 
in several parts of the U.S. Thev pub the 
.1/s. Ma:i<i:iH': 1789-96 in 8 vols, in 1775 he 
commenceJ " The New-Kng. Alnianae." eon- 
tinned with several titles 42 years. During 
many years, nio-t of the BiMes and school- 
books throu;;hout the ci>ntiiieiit emanated from 
his establi>liiiient at Worcester. In 1312 Mr. 
Thorn. IS founded the .Vntiiiuarian Soiiety o(j 
Wcneester, of which he was |nx-s. and a most 
lilKial p.itron. He furnished its library with 
7,ii0J or 8,000 books, besides tracts, and one of 
the most valuable series of newspapers in the 
country; erected a building for them on his own 
ground, and betpicatlied the land and hall, with 
a provision equal to S24,(XIO for its mainte- 
nance. Author of a' valuable "History of 
Printinir," 1810. 2 vols. 8vo. 

Thomas, J.imes, uov. of Md. 1833-6; d. 
St. .Mary's Co , JId., Dec. 25, 1845, a. 61. He 
was a man of great worth, and held many 
public trusts. 

Thomas, Gex. Joux, b. MarshficM, Ms., 
1725; d. Chamblee, June 2, 1776. He prac- 
tised medicine in his native town and in Kings- 
ton, Ms., and became an eminent practitioner. 
In 1746 he was surgeini to a itgt. sent to 
Annapolis Royal, and in J747 was on the 
medical staff of Shirley's regt., — a post which 
he exchanged soon after lor that of a lieul. 
He became in 1759 a col. of pix)viiieials ; w s 
employed for a time in Nova Scotia; in KH) 
com. a rcgt. under Amherst at Crown Poiiii ; 
and with Col. Ilaviiand, in August, 1760. co- 
operated in the capture of Muiitreal He 
early enrolled himself among the " Sons of 
Liberty ; " was ad. legate to the Prov. Con^ivss ; 
app. provincial biig.-gen. Feb. 9, and cont. 
brig.-gen. June 22, 1775; maj.-gen. March 6, 
1776. During the siege of Boston, he com. a 
brigade on the Ro.xburii side nearest the Briii^ii 
lines. On the evening of Mar. 4, 1776. «i.h 
3,000 men and intreiu hing tools, he took pos- 
session of Dorchesterlleighls, and, before ilawn, 
formidable works had been thrown up. This 
strategic movement caused the British to ivac- 
uato the town Mar. 17. He was shortly after 
intrusted with the command in Canada ; joined 
the army before Quebec, May 1, but finding 
his effective force less than 1,000 men, .100 of 
whom refused to do duty (the small-pox r.i- 
ging among the troops, and the enemy receiving 
re-enforcements), den rmined to rai.^e the siege, 
and retreat. Before reaching Chamblee on i lie 
River Sorel, he was attacked by small-pox. and 
dieil of that disease. 

Thomas, Joux J., son of David, b Cay- 
uga Co., N.Y., 1810. .\uthor of "AiiieV. 
Fruit-Culturist," 1849 ; " Farm-lmplemeiits," 
&c.. 1854 ; Illiist Ami. liei of Rural Affairs, 
1859-70; "Farm-Implements and Farm 
Machinerv," &c., 1809. Assist, edit. Genes-e 
Furm.r 1834-9, .4ttaH.y Cullk-aloi- 1841-5,3, 
and of the Coimtiy lienllfman since 1852. — 
Allil'iii';. 

Thomas, .Ioseph. M.D. of Phila . e<liied, 
with I'hoinas Baldwin. " Pron.Mineiiig Gnirei- 
tecr,"8vo. 1845; " U.S. Gazetteer," Svo. 1854: 
" Gcog. Diet, of the World," 1855. Aulboi 



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of " Travels in Palestine nnd Esypt," 1853; 
"Meilie.il Dictionary," 8vo, 1865; " Lippin- 
coit's Biofr. DieiioHHry," 2 vols. imp. 8vo, 
1870-1. The feature of the pronunciation 
of names has been introduced by him in his 
dictionaries with success. He was some time 
prof, of Latin and Gicck in HRverf.>rd Coll., 
ami has coiiiiih. to various journals, also some 
o( ilic viMnliiilaiics in \yel)8ter's Oiciionary. 

Thomas, •). H., musician and composer, 
l^ Newport, S. Wales, 1830. First ap]]earcd 
wiih the 8ci;uin troupe, about 1852, as the 
cuiini in the " liohcniian (iirl." He then bcfian 
the career of composer and concert-siiiijer. His 
best known ^owjs are, " Tlic Cottajre by the 
Sea." "lla|]py be Thy Dreams," " Some One 
to Love," " "i'is but a Little I'"a(led Flower." 
He Ills also written church-music, a selection 
of which was pub. 8vn, itej. 

Thomas, (Jtis. Lorenzo, b. Newcastle, 
Del., -ir, Oct. 181)4. West Foint, 18i.3. App. 
capt. -j;! Sept. 18.)6, and served in the Florida 
war in ISIG-" and 18;!9-40; assist, adj.-gen. 
(rank of major). July, 18.')8; brcv. liciit.-col. for 
Monterey a:) Sept. 1846; maj. 4th Inf. 1 Jan. 
1848; assist, adj.-jrcn. (rank liciit.-col.) 18 
July, 1852; adj. -gen. (rank of bri},'.-i.'en.) 7 
May, 1801 ; brev. niaj.-gcn. 1.3 Mar. 186,'>; re- 
signed Feb. 2, 18C9. In 1863 bo occupied 
hiin-sclf successfully in or;^auizing colored troops 
in the West, and supcrintcudiii^ the establish- 
ment of the free-labor system on abandoned 
pl.intaiions. 21 Feb. 1868, Pies. Johnson app. 
iiiiii sec. of war ad iulcrim in place of E. M. 
Stanton, who, however, refused to give up the 
office 

Thomas, Gkn. Piiii.kmox, b. N.C. 1764 ; 
d. Uaton Uoit;;e, La., Nov. 18, 1847. He was 
enf,'af;cil in many skirmishes duriu},' the Hevol. 
war. Kesidcd some years in Ky., and was n 
member of its Icjisl. ; aftcrwanis removed to 
La.; and in 1810-11 headed the insurrection 
which tbicw olf the yoke of Spain from W. 
Fla. Miij.-;;eii. of La. militia in U.S. service, 
Dec. 1814-Apr. 1815; M.O. from La. 1831-,5. 

Thomas, I'iulip Fr.vnci9, statesman, b, 
TalhMi { ■„., M,l, Sept. 12, 1810. Adm. to the 
b.iriii 18.31 ; member of the State Const. Cotiv. 
in 1836 ; ot ilie Statu legisl. in 1838 and 1843-5 ; 
M.C. 1839-41 ; judge of the laiid-olliee court 
of the Fnstern Shore of Md. ; gov. 184S-51 ; 
oommiss. of the U.S pateiit-ofliee in 1860; and 
in Dec. 18G0 succeeded Howell Cobb as sec. of 
the treasury, resigning 11 Jan. 1861. 

Thomas, Robkkt Baily, of West 
Boyl-iciM, Ms., d. 19 May, 1846, a. 80; pre- 
pared lor the press annually (1793-1846) Iho 
" Obi Karnicr's Almanac," which was exceed- 
inglv popular, reaching a sale of 225,000 copies 
in I'sfi".. 

Thomas, Tiii;odoue Gaili.ard, M.D., 
b. Cbarlcton, S.C., 1831. Chariest. Med. 
Coll. 1852. Since then, jiiof. of obstetrics, &c., 
in the Coll. of Phys. and Surgeons. Author 
of " K>sav upon Prolapse of Funis," 1858; 
"Di-iases'of Women," 1868, 2d cd. 1869; 
" Historv of 9 Cases of Ovariotomy," 8vo, 
1869. —A/hhone. 

Thomas, Gen. Thomas, Pcvol. officer; 
il at bis se.it ill Harri.<on, Westchester Co., 
N.V., May 29, 1824, a. 79. He coin, u regt. 



in 177B, and was in the battle of narlcm 
Heights and at White Plains. In the niituniii 
of that year the enemy burnt his house, took 
his aged and patriotic iathern prisoner lo NY. , 
and confined him in the provo..t, where be 
died tliroiigb their iiibiiman treulinent. Gen. 
Thomas was an active partisan officer till the 
peace, except during a brief term of captivity ; 
and was afterwards frequently a member of tiic 
legislature. — /'(x/rrs. 

Thompson, AititAiiAM G. ; d. New Yoi k, 
Nov. 18.")1. He bequeatbud S.347,000 to vari- 
ous charitable .<ocicties. 

Thompson, Cot.. Ai,i;.\andi;r Ramsay, 
b. N.V. ( Ity 1792 ; killed 25 Dec. 1837. Son 
of Mnj. Ai.i..\AM>i.i;, ca))t. of art. Revol. army 
(b. N. J.; d. West Point, L.I., 28 Sept. Uoy). 
West Point, 1812. Cajit. 1 May, 1814; brev. 
inaj. 1 May, 1824 ; inaj. Cth Inf." 4 A\tr. 1832 ; 
lieiit.-col. (i Sept. 1837; disting. and killed at 
the battle of Okeechobee. 

Thompson, Autius-rns Ciiarlics, D.I>. 
(.\nili. Coll. 1860), clergyman, b. Goshen, Ct., 
April .30. 1812. V. C. 1841. He entered Y.C. 
in 1832; but ill-health prevented hiicoiii])lcting 
the couivc In 1838 he finished bis studies at 
the theol. sem. at East-Windsor Hib, Ct. ; 
afterward spent a year at the Univcnily of 
Berlin ; and .since July, 1842, has been pastor 
of the Eliot Cong. Chiircli, Roxbury, Ms. In 
1855-6 he was with Rev. Dr. Anderson a dep. 
to the missions in India. He has pub. " Songs 
in the Night," 1845; "The Lambs Fed;" 
" The Young Martyrs ; " " Last Hours, or 
Words and Acts of the Dying," 1851 ; " The 
Poor Widow, a Memorial of Mrs. Anna J. 
Waters," 1854 ; " The Better Land, or Beiicv- 
cr's .Journey and Future Home," 1855; "The 
Yoke in Youth, a Memori.il of IL M. Hill," 
1851; "Gathered Lilies, or Little Chi'dren 
ill Heaven," 1858; "Feeding the Lambs" 
1859; "I'.liot Sabb.-school .\iemonal," 1859 ; 
"Morning Hours in Patmos," I860; "The 
Mercy-Scat ; " " Seeds anil Sheaves ; " " Ly- 
ra Celcstis," 1863; " Christus Consolator," 
1869. 

Thompson, Sib Buxjamin. — See Rusi- 

FOIil). 

Thompson, Cephas G., artist, b. Mid- 
dlclioiiiiigb, Ms. Son of a portrait-painter, 
from H honi he, with his bro. Jerome, aci|uired 
facility in the art. At 18 he painted portraits 
at Plymouth, afterwards in Providence, R.l. ; 
had a studio in New York in 1837-47 ; resided 
in Italy in 18.'i2-60; and has since iiractiscd bis 
art in New Y'ork, having m. a sister of Mrs. 
Anna Mowatt Ritchie. Besides many por- 
traits and cojiies from the old masters, he has 
painted " Angel of Triuli," " (iuardian Angels 
of Infancy," " Liberation of St. Peter," " Brig- 
and's Daughter," " Jlother's Pniyer," and 
*' Chastity. — Turhn-man. 

Thompson, Ciiaki.es C. B.,capt. U.S.N., 
b. Va. ; d. Sept. 2, 1832. Midshipm. 22 Dec. 
1802; lieut. 15 Feb. 1809; com. 27 Apr. 1816; 
capt. 3 Mar. 1825. 

Thompson, Daniel Pierce, novelist, b. 
Charlestown, Ms., Oct. 1, 1795; d. Montpelicr, 
Vt., June 6, 1868. Midd. Coll. 1820. His 
grandfather Daniel, of Woburn, a cousin of 
Count Kuiuford, fell in the buttle of Lexington. 



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His father, bcin;; unsuccessful in business in 
Cliarlostown, euiig. to Berlin, Vt. Daniel was 
broii;ilit up to fttrm-labors, witli but scanty ed- 
ncaliun. but, by making <;oocl usi' ut' bis liuiitid 
resources, (luaiitieil himself for scboi>l-kee|iiii'; 
in the winter of ISIJ-IG. After ;;railuatiu^', be 
became private tutor iu a f.iniily in Va , anil 
was lulni. to the bar of that Stale. Ueturning 
lionie, he opened a law-olSco in Montpelier in 
\SM ; was made register of probate; was in 
1 830-3 clerk of the legist. ; and was app. com- 
piler of a vol. of the statute laws; judge of 
probate of the Co. 1837-40; clerk of the Co. 
(1843-5) and Supremo Court; and iu 1853 
Bee. of State. His literary career began at 
college iu contributing to periodicals; but in 
1835 he wrote lor the .V. E. GiihLri/ a. prize tale, 
"May .Manin, or the Money-Uiggers." lie 
pub. in 1840 "The Green-.Mountaiu Boys;" 
in 1847 "Locke Amsden, or the Schouimas- 
ter," involving much of his own autobiogra- 
phy ; in IS.'iO "The Rangers, or the Tory's 
l)au..'luer," a counterpart to the " tliTen-JIoun- 
t:iin Boys," and, like that work, illustrative of 
lievol. history of Vt. ; " Lucy llosuier," 1848; 
" Gaut Gurlev, or the Tra])i)er of Lake Uinba- 
gog," 1857;' "The Doomed Chief," 18(>0; 
" Hist, of Montpelier," 8vo, 1860; " Laws of 
Vermont," 1824-34," Svo, 1835 ; " Adventures 
of Timothy I'eacock," 1835. — Dtii/clcinck. 

Thompson, EcnEUT, capt. U.S.N., b. 
New York, June 10, 1822. Midshipm. Mar. 13, 
1837; licut. Sept. 27, 1850; coin. July 1(>, 
1802; capt. July 2G,'G7. Attached to Wilkes's 
expl. cxped. 1838-42. He participated in all 
tho operations of the homo sijuadron iu the 
McNican war; com. the irouclad "I'ittsbiirg " 
in the attack on 1' t. Donelson, on Island No. 
10. aiul lloatiiig battery ; attack on batteries 
opiwsite New Madrid ; and in the action with 
Confed. rains above Fort Pillow. Com. steam- 
er " Com. McDonough," S.A.B. squad., 1SG4- 
5 ; steam-sloop " Dacotah," S. I'acif. squad., 
18GG-7. — //..mm/y. 

Thompson, George W., lawyer, b. Ohio, 
18UG. Jelf. Ci>ll. 182G. U.S. dist.-attv. West 
Va. 184y; M.C. from AVlieeling dist. 'lS51-2, 
and lelt Congress for the bencli. Author of 
"Tho Living Forces of the Universe," &c., 
12nio, I86G ; " Address on Com. Schools," 
1841 ; " Uight of Virginia to the N. W. Terri- 
torv ; " " Life of IIou. Linn Boyd ; " and con- 
trib. to DtMlon Cluiir. Review, 1839-42. — .;l//i'- 
bom: 

Thompson, Jacob, politician, b. Caswell 
Co., N.C., 15 May, 1810. U. of N. C. 1831. 
Adm. to tile bar in'l 834. He removed in 1835 to 
the Chickasaw country, Mpi.,- and applied him- 
self to its improvement so successfully as to be 
made its rep. in Cong, in 1839-51. Some years 
cbairman of the coin, on Indian affairs, and a 
zealous defender of Mississippi and the Demoe. 
jnriv when the cry of "repudiation" was 
rinu'in:; throughout the land. He opposed the 
com]ironiises of 1850, as not conceding enough 
to the South. Sec. of the interior Mar. 1857- 
7 Jan. 18G1 ; resigning <m the ground that the 
attempt to re-i'nforee Fort Sumter violated a 
distinct understanding entered into with tho 
cabinet. In Dec. 18G0 he was app. by the 
Mpi. Icgisl. a commiss. on behalf of that State 



to urge upon N.C. the adoption of an ordinance 
of sfcossiou. Gov. of Mpi. 18G2-4. Durin* 
the Hebelliciii be was aiile to den. Beauregard, 
and insp.-gt'u. fur the dept. of Mississippi. 

Thompson, •biiiN, ]H>litieal writer; d. Pe- 
tersburg. Va., ITS'.I. a. 22. Author of articles 
iu the /'<t<is!iHni (.'n:'»«', signed " ('a.sea" and 
"Graeclms." In >siile to Adams's administration. 
His l.ile was wrilten by George Hay. His let- 
ters signed " ('nrtius,""addre.s.sed to' Chief Jus- 
tice iiiarshall in 1798, were pub. 12ino, 1804. 

Thompson, Jons K.. author, b. Kich- 
moml, Va.,Uet.23, 1823. U. ofVa. He stud- 
ied law in the office of James A. Seddon, and 
iu the law school of the university ; was iu 
1845 adm. to the bar ; and in 1847 became ed- 
itor of the Huiilheni Lit. il/f.«('»7<-i' at Uiebmond, 
lining thai post for many \ cars. IJesides his 
contril>utions to this and other literary jour- 
nals, he has delivered numerous addresses at 
colleges, and several lectures. His pen was ac- 
tive in behalf of the Uebellion, during whieli be 
escaped to Knglaiul, and contributed to the 
Iiiilix, M'lniim/ lliiiild, and HIackifooil , since 
18G9, one ot the edilors of N. Y. Kveuiug Post. 

Thompson, Joseph P.vkbisii, D.D. ( H.U. 
185fi). LL.D. (U. of N.Y. I8GS), cleriryman, 
1). Phila. Aug. 7, 1819. Y.C. 1838. He stud- 
ied thi'ology at Andover and New Haven ; was 
ord. pastor of the Chapel-st. Cong. Cbnrch, 
N. Haven, in Nov. 1840; and since Apr. 1845 
has had charge of the Broadway Tabernacle 
Church, N.Y. He was one of the originators 
of and a eontrib. to the AVic-A.'iiv/diK/. r, and 
of the /ii(h pnulenl newspaper. In 1852-4 ho 
visited ICurope and the East. The fruits of 
his Original studies have appeared in tho N.A. 
llcricw, Hilitiotlieat Swrit, "Journal of tho 
Amer. Geographical and Statistical Soiiety," 
Smith's "Dictionary of IJiblieal Gi'Ography 
and Antiquities," and Kitto's "Cyelopa-dia of 
Bil)lieal Lit." Besides sermons, addresses, and 
pamphlets. Dr. Thoin])son has pub. " Memoir 
of Tinio. Dwight," 1844; "L-.etnres to Voimg 
Men," 1840; "Hints to Employers," 1847; 
"Memoir of David Hale," 18.50; "Foster on 
Missions, with a Preliminary Essay." 1850; 
"Stray Meditations," 1652; "The Believer's 
Refuge," 1857; "Egypt, Past and Present," 
1856; "Memoir of Rev. David T. Stoddard," 
185.'<; " The Christian Graces," 1859; " Lova 
and Penalty," 18G0; " The Sergeant's Memo- 
rial," 1863; "Christianity and Emancipation," 
1863; "The Holy Com'fortor," 1866; "Man 
in Genesis and Geology," 1809; "Theology 
of Christ," 1870. 

Thompson, L.hnt, sculptor, b. Queen's 
Co., Ir.laiul, IS.'l.!. Came to the U.S. at 14, 
and in the olhee of Dr. Annsby studied draw- 
ing. For 9 years he workiil in I'almer's studio, 
and went in Nov. 1 853 to New ^ ork, where he 
found ample employment. Among his best 
works are a bust of Edwin Booth as llamlef ; a 
bas.s-relief of " Elaini' ; " a colossal bust of Bry- 
ant; amedallioa likenes.sof (bn. Dix; "Morn- 
ing Glorv," a bass-relief ; a design for a statue 
of Gen. "Sedgwiek ; and of a colossal statue 
of Niipoleon. — Turherman. 

Thompson, Smith, LL.D. (Y.C. 1824; 
H.U. 1835), jurist, b. Aiiienia, N. Y., 1767; d. 
Poughkccpsio, Dee. 1 8, 1 843. N. J. Coll. 1 788. 



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Si adied law with Chancellor K'>iit, and liccamc 
dist.-atty. in the middle dist. of N.Y. in 1801 ; 
judge of the Supreme Court 1802-14; chief 
justice 1814-18; sec. of the navy 1818-23; 
associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court 
from 182.3 until his death. 

Thompson, Waddt, lawvcr and M.C., b. 
Pickensvilie, S.C., Sept. 8, 1 71)8 ; d. Tallahas- 
see, Fla., Nov. 23, 1868. S.C. Coll. 1814. 
Adm. to the bar in Doc. 1819, and attained a 
liijlh rank in the profession. Served in th • le- 
gi.<l.of S.C. 182G-30; was at one time solicitor 
lor the western circuit ; wa.s l)rig.-ycn. of mili- 
tia ; M.C. I ^.3.5-4 1 , serv'ing in 1 840 as chairman 
of the com. on military all'airs; and in 1842 
was app. minister to Mexico, where he nei;o- 
tiatcd two important treaties, and procured the 
release of more than 200 Texan pn.-oniTs. He 
had Ijeen a fotton-plantcr in Fla., Imt resided at 
his homestead near Greenville, S.C, where his 
fathiT, .Tiiil-' Waddy, d. 9 Feb. 1845. Author 
of " Krioliictions of Mexico," 8vo, 1846. 

Thompson, William, brifr.-gen. Revel, 
army, b. Ireland; d. at his scat near Carlisle, 
Pa., Sept. 4, 1781. He was a capt. of horse in 
the Pa. service in the French war (1759-60). 
lie afterwards lived at Pittsljurg, wliere he was 
joint purchaser of the buiiclinys of old Fort 
Pitt. In June, 1775, Capt. Thompson was app. 
col. of the regt. of riflemen which marched to 
the camp at Cambridije; and, Nov. 10, had a 
skirmLsh with the British at Lechmcre Point. 
He was made brig.-gen. March 1, 1776; suc- 
ceeded Lee in command at New York, Mar. 1 9 ; 
and in April was ordered to Canada to re-en- 
force Gen. Sullivan, by whose orders he at- 
tacked the enemy at Three Eivei'S, June 6, 
wliere, by a series of unfortunate accidents, lie 
and sevi ral other officers were taken prisoners. 
Hi,' returned to Phila. in Aug. on jiarole, but 
was not exchanged lor more than two yeare. — 
P/iilc. Piirht, Sept. 15, 1781. 

Thompson, Zadock, naturalist, b. Bridge- 
water, Vt., May 23, 1796 ; d. Burlington, Vt,, 
Jan. 19, I8.')6. 'U.of Vt. 1823. Tutor in 1825, 
and in ls51 pof. of chemistry and nat. history, 
in that institution. In 1833 he removed to 
Ilatley, C.E.. where, and in Sherbrooke, he was 
a teacher ; pub. a " Geogra|ihy of Canada," and 
studied theology. Ord. deacon in tlh- Prot.-Ep. 
Cliurch, May 27, 1835 ; returned to Burlington 
in 1837, and taught in the Vt. I',|.is. Institute; 
State geologist 1845-8. He collntiil and pre- 
girved over .3,000 specimens of the ])njiUictions 
ofVt. Statenaturalist from 1853 to his d. He 
began authorsliip with an alm.anae for 1819; 
suhseyuriitly made astronomical calculations for 
th'' 1 1. /t'ii/,stirx,iuid for 34 years made similar 
c.alenlationsliir Wnlton's/lerjistir. He pub. "Ga- 
zetteer of Vt.," 1824; on ''Arithmetic," 1825; 
edited the Iris mid linrlinqtun f.t. GazMr, 1828 ; 
(!,;,-i,-Muiuiln,n Tlrpositorii, 1832; and in 1843 
pub. his great work, the " Natnr.al, Civil, and 
Statistical History of Vt.," pub. with an Ap- 
jiendix in 1853; '* Geography and Geology of 
Vt.," 12mo, 1848; " Jonnial of a Trip to Lon- 
don, Paris, and the Great Exhiliiiion of 1851." 
In June, 1850, he delivered the annual address 
before the Boston Society of Nat. Hist., on the 
" Geology of Vermont. 

Thomson, Cuarles, LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 



1822), sec. of Congress during the Revol. war 
b. Maghera, D rry, Ireland, 29 Nov. 1729; i. 
Lower JIarion, Montg. Co., Pa., 16 Aug. 1824. 
In 1741 he with his 3 sisters landed at New- 
castle, Del., with no other dejiendencc than 
their industry. Educated by Dr. Allison, he 
became a teacher at the Friends' Acad, at New- 
castle. Kcmoving to Phila., he olit^ined the 
advice and ft-iendship of Dr. Frankiiii. In 
175S he was one of the agents to treat witb the 
Indians at Oswego. The Delawares adopted 
him, and conferred on biin an Indian name 
which means " one who speaks truth." Sole 
sec. of Congress from 1774 lo 1789, hi? services 
were most ellieient. .John Adams in hia Diary 
deseribi's him as "the Sam Adams of Phila., 
till,' life of the cause of liberty." He was a 
good classical scholar. Author of a " Harmo- 
ny of the Four Gospels," a translation of the 
Old and New Testaments, and an " Inquiry 
into the Cause of the Aliena:ion of the Dela- 
ware and Shawnee Indians," &c., 1759. He 
in. Hannah Harrison, aunt of Prcs. Harrison. 

Thomson, Chahles West, Proi.-Kpis. 
clergyman, b. Phila. 1798. Author of " TIjc 
Limner," 12mo, 1822; " Phantom Barge and 
Other Poems," 1822; " Ellinor and Orlicr 
Poems," 1826; "The Sylph and Other Po- 
ems, "1828; "Love of Home and Other I'o- 
ems," 1845; contiib. to Donghiy's Cabinet of 
N.itural History, " Atlantic .Souvenir," " The 
Gift," " The Token," and other annuals, Gni- 
haiii's Mdij., and other periodicals. — Allihoue. 

Thomson, Kdward, D.l) (Asb. U. 184G), 
LL.l). (Weslevan U. 1855), bishop M. E. 
Clmreh, b. Poi-tsca, Kng., Oct. 1810; ilied 
Wheeling, Va., 22 Mar. 1870. He came lo 
America in 1819; studied medicine at Phila. 
and Cincinnati, and began practice in 1829. 
In 1833 he entered the ministry of the M. E. 
Church, atidwas stationed successively at Nor- 
walk, Sandusky, Cincinnati, Woos'icr, and 
Detroit ; in 1837-44 he was pres. of the Nor- 
walk Sem., then became prof of mental and 
moral philos. in the U. of Mich., and edited 
the Ladies' Repos. until chosen ])ics. of the 
Ohio Wcsl. U. in 1846. At the gen. conf. in 
1860 he was elected editor of the Christian 
Adrornli', N.Y. Elected bishop 1864, and 
made soon after a voyage round the woVld. 
Author of "Moral and Uelig. Essays," " Biog. 
and liiiiilenta! Sketches," " Educational Es- 
says" 1856, and "Letters from Europe." 

Thomson, Samuel, M.D., botanist, and 
origiuatiir of ihe Thomsonian System of .Metli- 
cal Trcatmi'nt, b. Alstcad, N.H.,9 Feb. 1769; 
d. Boston, 1843. Author of " Materia Medica 
and Family Physician;" "New Guide to 
Health," 1849; "Life and Medical Discover- 
ies," Boston, 1822 and 1832. Many years a 
resident of Boston. 

Thomson, Col. William, Revol. officer, 
b. Pa. 1727 ; d. Sweet Springs, Va., Nov. 22, 
1796. A relative of Charles, sec. of Cong. 
His parents, who were Irish, removing to St. 
Matthew's Parish, S.C, young Thomson grew 
up a frontiersman, and cxeelle<l as a marks- 
man. In Manh, 1771, he com. a rcgt. under 
Tryon against the Regulators. Sheriff of 
Orangeburg in 1772; meniher of the Prov. 
Icgisl. ; of the first State couv. ; and in June, 



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th:o 



1775, was made col. 3J S.C. Reg-t., all practised 
marksmen. In ihe winter of 1775-6 he aided 
in brcakino^ up the camp of the Torr Cunning- 
ham ; June 28, 1776, he defeated the BHiish 
attack on the east end of Sullivan's Inland, for 
whi'.h dieting, service be received the thanks 
of Gov. Rutledge and of Conjrress ; he pnrti- 
cipated m ibe attack on Savannah in 1779 ; be- 
came a prisoner soon after the capture of 
Charleston, and after his exchanpie did good 
service under Gen. Greene. After the war he 
resumed his pursuits as an indigo-plan !cr, was 
a^ain sheriff of Orai>2ebur|r. and a member 
of the Siaie Const. Convention. 

Thomson, William M., D.D. (Miami 
U. 1828), lor 25 veare a missionary in Syria 
and Palestine. Author of "The" Land and 
the Book," 2 vols. 8vo, 1859 ; and the '• Land 
of Promise," 8vo, IS65. Contrib. to BM. Sa- 
cra, and to Amer. BiU. Eepos. — Aliilmie. 

Thorbum, Grjlst, seedsman and author, 
b. near Dalkeiih, Scotland, Feb. IS, 1773; d. 
N. Haven, Jan. 21, 1863. Be-^-inninjr life as a 
nailmaker, he in 1792 became involved in some 
po.iiical movements which ied hiin to emi- 
grate. Ue came to America in June, 1794, 
Eeiiled in Now York, and, experiencin;; a check- 
ered fortune, furnished Joim Gall with some 
of the incidents of " Laurie Todd." He pnb- 
li.-hcd his Autobiography at Boston in 1 834 ; 
"Men and Manners in Great Biiiain," 18.'J4; 
" Laurie Todd's Hints to Merchants, Married 
Men, and Bachelors;" " Laurie Todd's Xotes 
on Virginia;" "Fifty Years' Reminiscences of 
New York, or Flowers from the Garden of 
Lanric Todd," 1845. Contrib. to the A'nict- 
erboektr Hnj., -V. Y. llirror, and more than 20 
papers. He was a seedsman in Xcw York 
many years. Married his third wife when he 
was 80 years of a:^:; and, durini; the epidemic 
in 1798, h? and his wife staid in the city, de- 
voting them~clves to the sick and dying.' His 
counsel and his purse were ever at tlie service 
of those ^uti"erini from want. 

Thoreau, Hexst David, naturalist and 
Eclioiar, b. Boston, 12 Jnlv. 1817; d. Concord, 
5L5., 6 May. 1S:2. U.U.' 18:37. His ancestor 
came from the Island of Guernsey. His father 
was a manuf of lead-pencils. At collc^re he 
had for a companion and fcllow-stndont O. A. 
Brown.«on. He taught school in Concord; 
was for three years an inmate of the family of 
Ralph Waldo Emerson, supporting himself by 
pencil-making, carpentering, surreving, and 
painting, making nearly every year a pedes- 
trian excursion to the woods and mountains of 
Mc, N. H.. and other places. Ue was well 
versed in classical and Oriental literature ; was 
eccentric in his dress, manners, and mode of 
life ; and, it is said, never went to church, never 
voted, and never jiaiJ a tax to the State. In 
1S45 he built a small frame-house on the shore 
of Waldcn Pond, near Concord, where he lived 
two years a hermit, in studious retirement. 
An account of this is given in " Waldcn, or 
Life in the Woods," 1854. He was intimate with 
Hawthorne and with Emerson, who says of 
him, '■ Thoivan dedicated his genius with snch 
entire love to the fields, hills, and waters of his 
native town, tliat he made them knon'n and in- 
teresting to all. ... He grew to be revered and 



admired by his townsmen, who had at first 
known him only as an oddity. . . . Whilst he 
used in his writings a certain petulance of re- 
mark in afereni-c to churches and churchmen, 
he was a person of rarv, tender, and absolute 
rvligion, — a person incapable of any profana- 
tion." He was never married. Author of 
" A Week on the Concord and Merrimack 
Rivera," 1849; "Excursions," 1863; "Maine 
Woods ; " " Cape Cod ; " " A Yankee in Cana- 
da ; " " Letters to Various Persons," 1865. A 
contrib. to the fJial and ibe Alhinlic ilontUu. — 
See All. Mo„ll,l./. Aug. 1862; Uuyrkinck; NJL. 
lifrific. Oct. 1865. 

Thomborough, Sir Edward, a Briu 
admiral; d. Apr. 3, 1834, .i. 78. First lieut. of 
" The Falcon," sloop, one of the vessels that 
covered the attack made in 1775 on Bunker's 
Hill. He was subsequently wounded in an un- 
successful attempt to bring out a schooner 
from Cape-Ann harbor; and in 1780 assisted 
at the uking of " La Xymphe " by the " Flora," 
frigate; was made a commander for his con- 
duct on this occasion ; in 1781 was m.ide post- 
capt. ; and in 1782, in the " Blonde," frigate, 
he was wrecked while endeavoring to take a 
captured ship to Halifax. During the war 
with France he disting. himself on various occa- 
sions, panicularly in the action with M. Bom- 
part, for which he received the thanks of par- 
liament. Rose to the rank of admiral of the 
white. 

Thomdike, George Qcisct, ijenre and 
land>ca|H' artist, b. Boston. H.U. 1847. Stud- 
ied art in Paris, and resides in Xewjwrt, R.I. 
Among his productions are views of " The 
Dumplings" and "Lily Pond "at Newport, 
" Swans in Central Park," and " Wayside 
Inn." — T'irltrmm. 

Thomdike, I>R.*EL, an eminent merchant, 
b. Beverly. Ms, 1757; d. Boston, 10 May, 
1832. He received a common-school educa- 
tion ; was commissioned by Ms. capi. of the 
privateer" Waran," 30 Oct. 1776. and cruised 
with success. Engaging after the peace in 
commerce with the E. Indies and China, his 
voyages, planned with judgment, and econom- 
ically executed, brought him grwit wealth. 
Deicgate to the conv. that adopted the U.S. 
Constitution, and several years a member of 
the ligisl., where he e.\crte<l great influence. 
Removed to Boston in ISIO. In 1818 he 
bought the valuable library of Prof. Elwling of 
Hamburg, which he gave to Harvard U. It 
consisted of 4,000 volumes, and was especially 
riih in Amer. history and antiquities. Late 
in life he was engaged in succcsslnl manofac- 
turinz operations. 

Thornton, James B., lawyer, cfiarpfd'af- 
fitires to Peru, b. Merrimack. N.U. ; d. Callao, 
Jan. 25, 1838, a. 37. Grandson of Matthew 
the signer. Speaker State legisl. 1829-30. 
Author of " Digest of the Conveyancin", 
Tcstamentarv, and Registry Laws of the U.S., ' 
I2mo, Phila.l 1847. 

Thornton, Jons Wixoate, historical 
writer, and member Suffolk b.ir, b. Saco, Me., 
Aug. 12. 1818. Camh. I^w School, 1840. 
A descendant of Rev. Thomas (minLster of 
Yarmouth, Ms., 1663-98, who d. Boston, 15 
Feb. 1700, a. near 93, after a life of great tis©- 



THO 



908 



THR 



fulness). A founder of the N.E. Hist. Gcneal. 
Soc, a vice-president of tlie Ainer. Statistic 
Assoc., and of the Prince Publication Soe. Uc 
has pub. Lives of Isaac Heath, John Bowles, 
and Rev. John Eliot, iun., 1850; " Landing at 
Cape Ann," 8vo, it<54; " Ancient Pemaquid," 
18.57 ; " First Records of Anglo-American Col- 
onization ; " " Review of Oliver's Puritan Com- 
monwealth," 1857; "Colonial Schemes of 
Popham and Gorges," 186-3 ; and " Puljiit of 
the A me r. Revolution," I860. Nov. 21, 1870, 
he delivered an address before the N.E. Hist. 
Gen. Soc. on the 250th anniv. of the signing 
of the com])act in the cabin of "The May- 
flower." Contrib. to IJist. Mag. and other 
jjeriodicals. 

Thoi'nton, M.\tthe\v, Col., a signer of 
the Deel. of Indep., b. Ireland, 1714; d. New- 
biuvi)ort, Ms., June 24, 1803. He came to 
America at an early age ; lived a few years at 
Wiscasset ; thence removed to Worcester, Ms., 
where he received an. academic education; and 
afterwards settled as a physician at London- 
derry, N.H., whence he removed to the banks 
of the Merrimack alx)ut 1780. He accomp. 
Pepperell's cxpcd. against Louisbnrg in 1745 
as a surgeon; was a col. of militia; and in 
1775 presided over the conv. which assumed 
the govt, in the name of the peoi)le of the 
Colon)'. He was for a short time a delegate to 
Congress, taking his seat Nov. 4, 1776; and 
was a signer of, though not present to vote for, 
the Declaration. He held the office of chief 
justice of the Co. of Hillsborough, and after- 
wards that of judge of the Supreme Court of 
the State until 1782; was subsequently a mem- 
ber of the house and of the senate, and in 
1785 of the council. He possessed .an exceed- 
ingly tenacious memory, and uncommon pow- 
ers of mind. 

Thornton, Sir William, an Eng. gen. ; 
d. Stanhope Lodge, near Hanwell, Eng., Apr. 
6, 1840. Ensign 89th Foot, March 21, 17'J6;. 
obtained a majority in 1806, and in Aug. 1807 
was app. milit. see. and first aide-de-camp to Gen. 
Craig, gov. of Canada. Returning to Eng. in 
1811, he was in 1813 app. to the com. of the 
85th Kegt., with which he Bcr\ed in the en- 
gagements consequent upon the passage of the 
Rivers Bidassoa, Nivelle, Kive, and Atlour, and 
received a medal for the battle of the Nive. In 
May, 1814, he com. the light brigade and ad- 
vance of Gen. Ross's exped. in the first opera- 
tions in the Chesapeake ; and at the battle of 
Bladensburg, in which he was severely wounded 
and made prisoner ; but, being exchanged for 
Com. Barney, ho proceeded in Oct. following 
with the army destined against New Orleans. 
He com. the advance of the army on the land- 
ing of the troops, and in the severe conflict 
wliich afterwards took place. He was engaged 
in all the sub>^cquent affairs which took place 
in that service until the general attack on the 
American lines, Jan. 8, 1815, when he com. a 
detached corps on the right bank of the Mpi. 
with a co-operating flotilla of the navy, and 
was severely wounded ; lieut.-gen. 18.38. 

Thornwell, James Hexlev, D.O., cler- 
pvnian and scholar, b. Marlborough Dist., 
S.C, 1811 ; d. Charlotte, N.C., Aug. 1. 1862. 
S.C. Coll. Dec. 1829. He began to study law. 



but soon became minister of Waxhaw (Presb.) 
Church. In 1 836-8 he was prof of logic and 
belles-lettres in S. C. Coll. ; pastor of the 
church at Columbia, S.C, 1838. In 1840 ha 
was made i)rof. of the evidences of Christian- 
ity, and chajilain on the resignation of Mr. El- 
liot, but in May, 1852, exchanged this jiosition 
for the charge of Glebe-street Church, Charles- 
ton ; and in Dec. 1852-6 was pres. of the 
S.C. College. He had the charge of the Presb. 
Theol. Sem. in Columbia until his death. 
Besides sermons, he pub. " Arguments of Ro- 
manists discussed and refutecl in Relation to 
the Apocryphal Books of the Old Testament," 
N.Y. 1845; "Discourses on Truth," 1855; and 
several articles in the South. Presb. Renew. He 
wrote with zeal and ability in advocacy of seces- 
sion and slavery. His works have been coll. 
and pub. bv John B. Adger, D.D., 2 vols. 8vo, 
lS7l. — L>m/cbneh. 

Thorpe, Thomas Bangs, author and 
painter, b. Westfield, Ms., March 1,1815. His 
father Thomas, a clergyman of literary genius, 
d. in N.Y. City at the early age of 26. The 
son passed 3 years at the Middletown Wesl. U. ; 
but, his health failing him, he became a resident 
of La. in 1 836-53. In 1 862-3 he was city sur- 
veyor of N. Orleans under Gen. Butler. In 
early life he displayed a taste for jiainriug, but 
soon became known as the author of ascrics 
of Western tales, adopting the name of " Tom 
Owen, the Bee-Hunter," a new collection of 
which, entitled " The Hive of the Bcc-Hunter," 
was pub. in N.Y. 1853. For many years he 
edited a paper in N. Orleans in the interest of 
Henry Clay. He disting. himself by his zeal 
in raising vols, for the filexican war, and was 
bearer of despatches to Gen. Taylor after the 
taking of Mataraoras. He pub. in 1846 " Our 
Army on the Rio Grande ; " followed by " Our 
Army at Monterey ; " " Mysteries of the Back- 
woods," 1846; " Linda Weiss, an Autobiog- 
rajdiy," 8vo, 1854 ; " A Voice to America, 
the Model Republic," 8vo, 1853. He was an 
active and eftcctive speaker in the political cam- 
])aign which resulted in the election of Gen. 
Taylor to the presidency. To linrper's Mat/. 
he has contrib. descriptive articles on Southern 
life and products, and " The Case of Lady 
Macbeth Medically Considered." In 1860 he 
exhibited his large picture, " Niagara as It Is;" 
and has since divided his time equally between 
literature and art. 

Throop, Exos T., gov. of N.Y. 1831-3, 
b. Johnstown, N.Y., Aug. 21, 1 784. Acquired, 
while performing the duties of an attoniey's 
clerk, a classical as well as legal education, and 
settled in Auburn; was M.C. in 1815-16; 
elected circuit judge in 1823; in 1829 was 
lieut.-gov. ; and in 1838 was app. chiiiyg (Vaf- 
Jhlres to the Two Sicilies. 

Thruston, John BucKNER, judj;e. b Va. 
1763; d. Washington, D.C, Aug. 30. 1845. 
Son of Charles Mtnn (b. Gloucester Co., 
Va., 1738; d. 21 Apr. 1812; Wm. and Mary 
Coll. 1754), a disling. Revol. ofticer, subse- 
quently pres. judge of Frederick Co. Court, who 
in 1809 eniig. to Ky. The fine abilities and 
liberal attainments of Judge Thruston brought 
him early into public life. App. U.S. judgt 
in the Terr, of Orleans in 1805 ; U.S. senator 



THXT 



909 



l30S-Jan. ISIO, wlien he was app. associate 
juili;e of the U.S. Circuit Court, which post he 
heUi till his death. 

Thumb, Mh. and Mns. Tom (Charles S. 
!Stk vfTOv). He was b. Bridgeport, Ct., Jan. 
I8.j:i. Fir;;t introduced to the public by P. T. 
IJavnuni at the N.Y. Museum, Dec. 8, 1842. 
Vi.sitcd Europe in Feb. 1844 ; :n. Lavinia War- 
ren, Feb. 10, lSG;i. She was b. Middleljorou-li, 
Ms., Oct. .'SI, 1842. The pair visited Europe 
in 186.'). 

Thurston, Asa, Cong, clergyman, and mis- 
sionary to the Sandwich Islands ; b. Fiichburg, 
Ms., Oct. 12, 1787; d. Honolulu, March 11, 
1868. y.C. 1816; And. Thcol. Sem. 1819. 
Until the age of 22, he was a scythe-maker, and 
was a very athletic man. Ord. a missionary 
in 1819, he sailed with his wife, reached the 
Sandwich Islands March 30, 1820, and for 
more ih:in 40 years resided at Kailua, Hawaii, 
lie was the instructor of two of the kini;s, and 
the translator of a large portion of the Bible. — 
Y. C. OI.il. llcord. 

Tichenor, Isaac, LL.D. statesman, b. 
Newark, X.J., Feb. 8, 1754; d. Bennington, 
Vt., Dec. 11, 1838. N. J. Coll. 1775. While 
studying law at Schenectady, N.Y., early in 
1777, he was app. assist, commiss.-gen., and 
stationeii at Bennington, where he practised 
law, and became prominent in public affairs. 
A representative in 1781-4 ; agent of the State 
to Congress in 1782 ; member of the State 
council 1787-92 ; judge of the Supreme Court 
1791-4 ; chief justice 1795-6 ; member of the 
council of censors in 1792 and 1813 ; commiss. 
for adjusting the controversy with N.Y. 1791 ; 
U.S. senator 1796-7; gov. 1797-1807 and 
1808-9 : and au'ain U.S. senator 181.'j-21. 

Ticknor, Caleb B.,M.D., physician of N. 
Y.,b. .Salisbury. Ct., 1805 ;d. NY. City, 19 Sept. 
1 849. Ue was one of 3 bros., physicians. Edu- 
cated at the Berkshire Institute. He adopted 
homtt'opathy, and was a skilful physician. He 
wrote much for the medical journals, and pub. 
" Philo.sophy of Living," a popuhir work, and 
a treatise on Medical Philosophy, 12nio, 1838. 
LuTHEii. his bro.. also ajihysieian, b. Jericho, 
Vt., 1791, d. Salisbury, Ct., 1846. He was a 
selfmade man, of great energy and perseveiance, 
and was pres. of the Ct. Medical Society. 

Ticknor, C,i;onGE, LL.D. (II. U.' 1850), 
scholar and author, b. Boston, Aug. I, 1791 ; 
d. there 26 Jan. 1871. Davtin. Coll. 1807. 
After a diligent study of the classics, he turned 
his attention to law, and was adm. to the bar 
in 1813; in 1815 he went to Europe, passed 
two years at GiittinOTn in philological studies, 
and two years more m various capitals, making 
the ac<|uaintance of Sonthcy and Walter Scott ; 
chosen in 1817 to the new professorship of 
modern literature at II. U., he returned home 
in 1820, and for 15 years occupied this impor- 
tant position. Resigning in 1835, he visited 
Europe again with his family, and made exten- 
sive collections of Spanish literature, the His- 
tory of which, commenced upon his return in 
1840, was j)ub. in 3 vols, in 1849. It at once 
took iis position as a standard contribution to 
the history of literature. Beside the research 
displayed in this great work, his labors as a 
translator arc acknowledged to be exact and fe- 



licitous. It lias bc^n translated into the Spanish 
and German. One of the founders of the Bos- 
ton Public Library, an<l in 1864-5 pi-es. of the 
board of trustees.' His other ])ublication3 are 
"The Hemains of Nathaniel Aiijileton Haven;" 
a l.,ife of Lafayette, in the A. ^1. H'l-icw of 
1855; "Life of Win. II. Prescott," 1863; and 
contribs. to the iloiMij Aiilliola/i/ and the .V. .4. 
lieiino. Member of the Anier. Academy, 
Amcr. Philos. Soc, Ms. Hist. Soe., London 
Antiq. Soc, and corrcsp. sec. of the Koval 
Hist. Acad, of Spain. 

Ticknor, George, lawvcr and journalist, 
b. IJosiun, Apr. 14, 1822 ; d.Keene, N.IL, Dec. 
25, 1866. Dartm. Coll. 1847. He began to 
practise law at Lebanon in 1850, and at Clare- 
mont in 1851 ; solicitor for Sullivan Co. 1855- 
9 ; and was afterward editor and a proprietor 
of the N.H. Smlinrl at Kccne. He pub. " Ga- 
zetteer and Bio^'. Sketches of N.IL" 

Ticknor, William D., publisher, b. Leb- 
anon, N.H., 1810; d. Phila. April 10, 1864. 
Began book-business in Boston in 1 832 ; was the 
founder and head of the well-known house of 
Ticlaior and Fields. Was the publisher of the 
works of Longfellow, Holmes, Saxe, Whittier, 
Lowell, and other leading authors, English and 
American, and of the Atlantic Monlhli/. a maga- 
zine of high merit and extensive circulation. 

Tidball, John C, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., 
b. Ohio Co., Va. West Point, 1848. Entering 
the 3d Art., he acconip. Whipple in his explo- 
rations for a Pacific-railroad route in 185.3-4; 
capt. 2d Art. May 14, 1861, and participated 
in the battles in Va. ; com. an art. brigade at 
Gettysburg; col. 4tli N.Y. Art. 28 Aug. 1863, 
which he led in the battles of the Wilderness ; 
brev. brig.-gen. Aug. I, 1864, and com. the 
art. brigade of the 9ih corps; ami, for gallant 
and meritorious services at l''orts Steadinan and 
Sedgwick, was made hrcv. maj.-gen. Apr. 2, 
1865. He had previously earned the brevets 
of maj. U.S.A. for Gaines's Mill 27 June, 1862; 
lieut.-col. 17 Sept. 1862 for Antietam ; col. 13 
Mar. 1 865 for Fort Steadman ; and brig.-gen. 
for gallant and merit, services during the Re- 
bellion ; maj. 2d Art. 5 Feb. 1867. — Cidlum. 
Tiffany, Osmo.nd, of Springfield, Ms.; b. 
Bait., Md., 1823. Author of the "Canton 
Chinese," Sec, 1849; "Life of Gen. Otho H. 
Williams," 8vo, 1851; "Brandon, a Tale of 
the Ainer. Colonies; " eontiib. to Applelon's 
C'vclon., and to reviews and mags. — Allibone. 
Timn, Edward, M.D. (U. of Pa. 1789), 
the first gov. of Ohio under the constitution 
of 1802 (180.3-7), b. Cariisle, Eng., June 19, 
1766; d. Chillieothe, Ohio, Aug. 9, 1829. He 
emig. to the U.S. in 1 786, and settled in Charles- 
town, Va. In 1789 be m. Mary, sister of Gov. 
Thomas Worihington. Removed to Chilli- 
eothe, O., in 1798. Speaker of Terr. Icgisl. in 
1799; pres. of Ohio Const. Conv. in 1802; 
U.S. senator 1807-9; in 1812 app. by Pres. 
Madison commissioner of the gen. land-ofiice ; 
resigned in 1815, when app. surveyor-gen. of 
the North-west, which position he held until n 
short time before his death. — .1. T. Gofxlman. 
Tilden, Samuel J., lawyer and Uemoe. 
politician, b. New Lclianon, Col. Co., N.Y., 
1814. His father was a farmer, whose ances- 
tors settled at Seituate, Ms., in 1636. Uc stud- 



TIX. 



910 



TIL 



ied at Y. C. and in N. Y. City ; was a dolo<;ate 
to tlie Asseml>]y in 1846; in the Const. Convs. 
of 1846 and of 1867; and since 1861 lias been 
chairman of the Democ. State Conv. He has 
lieen many years prominent in N.Y. politics, 
anu ivas the trusted adviser of Uean Kichmond. 
lie has opened and spoken before many politi- 
cal meelinjjs of his party, has been en;rai:«i in 
many important trials, and has been exten- 
sively concerned in railroad enterprises, espe- 
cially in the West. 

TilghmaB, Edw.^ud, an eminent lawyer 
of I'liila., b. Wve, on the Kastern Shore of Md., 
Dec. 11, 17.50: d. Nov. 1, 181."). He studied 
in the best schools ol Phila.and in the Middle 
Temple, London, in 1772-4. He was long a 
successful ]>ractitioner at the Pliila. b;ir: and, 
on the death of Chief Justice Shipp.'n, the office 
was teuilcrcd to him, but he dcillucd it. and 
rociiniMK'ndcd lor the app. his kinsman William 
'I'iliiiiiuan. 

Tilghman, Gen. Lt.otd, b. Md. 1816; 
killed ill the battle of Baker's Creek, Mpi., 
Way 16, 1863. West Point, 1836. 2d lieut. 
1st Drafroons until Sept. 1836; he then rc- 
sii^ncd, and was a railroad engr. until 1841. 
During the Mexican war he was aide to Col. 
Twiggs at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Paimn ; 
com. a body of vols, in Oct. 1846 ; su|)erin- 
tended the defences of Matamoras in Jan. 
1847 ; com. a light-artillerv companv in Col. 
Hughes's regt. May, 1847-July 24, 1848; be- 
came principal assist, engineer on the western 
division of the Panama Railroad in 1 849 ; after- 
ward settled in Ky., and, when the civil war 
began, was a|)p. by the State authorities, who 
then pro|Kiseil to remain neutral, to com. the 
eastern division of the State militia, with the 
rank of col. Ho became n gen. in the Confcd. 
army ; com. at Fort Henry, and wa'^ included 
in its surrender to Flag-Officer Foote, Feb. 6, 
1862. He was confined in Fort Warren, in 
Boston harbor, but was exchanged in July, 
and afterward attached to the army under Gen. 
Bragg, and ordoi-ed to Vieksburg. 

Tilghman, Col. Tench, b. Baltimore, 
1744 ; d. there April 18, 1786. Son of James, 
and bro. of Judge Wm. Tilghman. Before 
the Revol. he was a merchant. Was conlidcn- 
tial sec. and aide-de-camp to Washington (app. 
Aug. 1776) during the Revol. ; app. lieut. - 
col. Apr. 1777. He bore to Congress the news 
of the surrender of Cornwallis, who, Oct. 29, 
1781, voted him their plaudit of his merit and 
abilities. Washington said of him in 1781, 
" He has been in every action in which the 
main army was concerned, and has been a 
laithful assistant to me for nearly 5 years, a 
great part of which time he refused to receive 

Tilghman, Willum, ll.d. (H u. isu), 

•jurist, b. Talbot Co., Md., Aug. 12, 1756; d. 
Phila. April 30, 1827. James, his father, was 
sec. of the proprietary land-ofliee, and member 
of thccouncil. After the removal of the family 
to Phila., Wm. studied law under Benj. Chew 
in 1772; was adin. to the Md. bar in 1783, and 
in 1793 began practice in Phila. ; app. chief 
judL'C-of the U.S. Circuit Court, Mar. 3, I SOI 
(the law establishing thisofiice wa^ repealed ilio 
next year, when he resumed practice) ; was in 



July, 1805, app. president of the C.C.P. in the 
first dist. ; and in Feb., 1806, chief ju.-ilec of the 
State Sup. Court. In 1788, and several suc- 
cessive years, he was a member of the Md. 
legisl. He was elected pre^idcnt of the Pliilos. 
Society in 1824. He prepared in ISOD, by 
direclion of the legisl., a report of the Knglish 
statutes in force witliin the State. Pub. in 1818 
a eulogium on Dr. Wi-tnr, and in 1820 an 
address before the Phila. Sue. for promoting 
Agriculture. — See Life bi/ J. GoUhr, 8vo, 
1829. 

Tillary, James, M.D., physician, b. Scot- 
land ; d. N.V. 1818, a. ab. 67.' After receiving 
n good classical anil medical educaiiou, the lat- 
ter at Edinburgh, be became a surgeon in the 
British army, with which he came to New York 
at an early period of the RcmiI. war. For 
more than 40 years he practised medicine and 
surgery in that city, displaying h'gh profes- 
sional mciif. Manv vears jircs. of the N. Y. 
Med. Society. During the pestilence of 1795 
and '98 he devoted himself to his sulVering fel- 
low-citizens, by whom he was afterwaril rc- 
wanled with the office of resident physician. — 
Tliarher. 

Tilley, Ciiev. Le G.^nnEun de, a French 
naval otfieer, of a Canadian family, of which 
M. do St. Pierre (on tli" Ohio in 1753) was of 
the other branehi — ibe Le Gardcnr de Rcpen- 
tigny. Ho in 1781 com. the squadron wiiich 
pursued Arnold in Chesapeake Bay, and took 
" The Romulus " (44) and several transport-s. 
In 1789 he v('as a commodore, and com. the 8th 
squadron at Rocliefort. 

Tilley, S.vmiiel Leos.\hd, Canadian 
statesman, b. Queen's Co., N B , 8 May, 1818. 
Educated at the grammar-srhool. Entered the 
Assembly from St. John's in 1851 ; member 
of the govt, and prov. see. of New Brunswick 
Nov. lS54-May, 1855; re-app in July, 1857, 
and was leader of the govt. Mar. 1861-.Mar. 
1865; member of the govt, and prov. sec. since 
Apr. 1866 ; delegate to Canada upon the ques- 
tions of inter-colonial trade and railways 1861- 
3, and in 1864 on the question of union ; also 
to the imperial govt, on the same subjects in 
1861-2 and in 1866-7; minister of customs in 
the Dominion govt, since 1867. — Men of Ihe 
Time. 

Tillinghast, Fr.vncis, judge, b. R. I. 

1743; d. E. Greenwich, R.t, 26 Aug. 1821. 
An active patriot of the Revol. ; was some 
time member of the Assembly; -M.C. 1797-9 
and 1801-3 ; some years judge of the Supreme 
Court. 

Tillinghast, Joseph Leov.\rd, lawyer 
and scholar, h. 'Taunton. Ms., 1791 ; d. Provi- 
dence, U.I., Dec. 30, 1844. Brown U. I8I9. 
He removed to R.L in his boyhood ; studied 
law, and devoted himself to its practice in 
Providence with marked success ; and to him is 
due the improved judiciary and free-school svs- 
torn of the State. Many years a reiiresenlailve 
to the State Assembly, during a great part of 
the time filling with great aliility the post of 
speaker; and wivs M.C. in 1837-43. He pub. 
" Oration on Gen. Greene." 1813 ; " Eulogy 
on Adams and JetFcrson," 1826 ; "Address on 
Domestic Industry," 1827 ; s|ieeches in Con- 
gress, &c. 



TIL 



911 



TOD 



Tillinghast, Paruox, minister of Provi- 
ilvM.-c, It.l., Iruin 1645 to his il. Jan. 29, 1718, b. 
Bcicliv llc;ul, En^'., 1622. He built, at bis own 
cx|Kii.-e, a raettiiifj-house at thu north end of 
tbu town in 1700. In 1689 he piil). a tract 
on B.ipcisin, wliich was re|>lietl to hv Gcorj^c 
Keitli till; Quaker. Xicn<)i..vs his (grandson, 
jud^'e and licut.-gov. of R. I. (h. I'rov. 26 
Mai, 1726, d. Taunton, 26 iVb. 1797), was a 
lovalist. 

Tilton, James, M.D. (Phila. Coll. 1771), 
an iMninunt pliysician, b. Kent Co., Del., June 
1.1745; d. near Wilmington, Del., Mav 14, 
1322. After an academical education atXot- 
tin;;ham under Dr. Finley, he studied at the 
I'hila. Medical School, graduaiiny; with its fir-t 
class. He practised in Dover, Del., till 1776, 
«lien he relinquished a lucrative practice to 
btcome a sur]L;eon in a Del. re;;t., with which 
lie served at Long Island and White Plains. 
Karly in 1777 he was made hospital-surgeon, 
and held that post throughout the war. In 
the hard wiuterof 1779-80 he improved the hos- 
pital huts 1)V having earthen instead of wooihn 
flooring. When the army was disbanded, he 
resumed practice In Dover ; was a delegate to 
the Cont. Congress in 1783-5; was repeatedly 
a member of the State legisl. ; was commiss. 
of loans 178.5-1801 ; and in 1812 was app. 
physician and surgeon -gen. U. S. A. The 
climate of Dover compelled his removal to the 
hills of New Castle, where he soon obtained 
full practice, and secured the confidence of the 
]>eop!e. After practising several years in Wil- 
mington, he purchased and improved a small 
farm in the vicinity, to which ho removed. In 
July and Aug. 1813 he examined the hospitals 
of the northern fro.itier, into which he soon in- 
troduced salutary changes, according to the 
principles of his work on " Military Hospitals." 
Slany years pros, of the Med. Society of Del. 
Jieside the above-named work he pub. papers 
on the Curcnlio, on Peach-Trees, and the 
Diseases and Insects to which they are sul> 
ject ; " Answers to Queries on the State of 
Husbandry in Delaware." — Tliacher. 

Tilton, Theodore, author, b. N.Y. City, 
2 Oct. 1835. Y. 0. Krom 1856 to 1871 he was 
connected with the Independent, of which he 
was some years editor. He has pub. the 
Amer. Board and Amer. Slavery, 18mo, 1860; 
Memorial of Mrs. Browning, prelixed to 
her last poems, 1862; "The Flv," 1865; 
"Golden-haired Gertrude," 1865 ; " The Two 
Hnngrv Kittens," 1865; " The King's Ring," 
1866; '"The True Church," 1867; "The 
Sexton's Talo and Other Poems," 1867. He 
has also pub. many tracts and speeches chiefly 
in opposition to slavery ; contrib. to " Lyrics 
of Loyally " and to " imminent Women of the 
Age," and is preparing for publication a col- 
lection of his essays and sketches. — Alllbone. 

Timon, John, D.D., R.C. bishop of Buf- 
f:d(. (conscc. 17 Oct. 1847) ; d. there 16 Apr. 
1867; b. Pa. 1795. Kducated at Baltimore, 
aii<l at the " Barrens," Mo. He was many 
vcarsa missionary in the West, and Iwcamc vicar 
apostolic of Texas; he was greatly beloved, 
and, iluring the Rebellion, was devoted to the 
niii'nal cmii-c. 

Tiugey, Tiio.MAS, coramo. U.S.N., l). Kng. 



1750; d. Washington, D.C., 23 Feb. 1829. 
App. capt. U.S.N. 3 Sept. 1798; com. " Tho 
Ganges " (24) in 1799 ; captured many French 
armed vessels. He had been 50 yedrs in tho 
U.S. naval service, aiul 28 years in command 
of the Washington navy-yard. 

Titcomb, Joxathan, Revol. patriot, b. 
Newbury, Ms., 1728 ; d. 1817. Memberof the 
com. of safety and the Prov. Congress 1774-5 ; 
col. of a regt. in the R. I. exjied. in 1778; 
member of the State Conv. 1780; brig.-gen. 
of militia; naval officer of Newbury port 1789- 
1812. 

Titcomb, Col. Moses, of Newbury ; 
killed at the battle of Lake George, Sept. 8, 
1755. He was a major in Hale's Esse.x regt. 
at the capture of Louisburg in 1745, and ren- 
dereil great service there. 

Tocqueville (tok'-vil), Alexis Chaisles 
Hexri C^lerel de, LL.D., a French pub- 
licist, b. Paris, July 29, 1805; d. Cannes, Apr. 
15, 1859. Great-grandson of Male.sherbcs. 
Adm. to the bar of Paris, he was in 1826 made 
a judge in Versailles, and in 1830 was pro- 
moted. In 1831 he was, with Gustavc do 
Beaumont, sent on a mission to the U.S. to 
examine the penitentiary system ; ami a full 
report of their observations was pub. in 1832, 
entitled " On Si/steme Penhentiaire aux Etafs- 
Unis," translated into English by Francis 
Lieber, 1833. Do Tocqueville made himself 
thoroughly acquainted with the political and 
social institutions of tho country, and pub. in 
2 vols. 8vo, Paris, 1835, " l>e la Lkmocmtie 
mix /ttals-lKiis;" and was rewarded in 1836' 
with a prize by the French Institute, and in 
1837 by his nomination to tho Acad, of Moral 
and Political Science, and in 1841 tothe French 
Acad. It was translated liy Henry Reeve, with 
a preface and notes by J. C. Spencer, 8vo, 1838, 
and abridged by the' latter, under the title of 
"American Institutions and their Influence," 
N.Y. 1856. Elected in 18.39 to the chatnber 
of deputies, he sat with the most moderate 
members of the opposition; was in 1840 the 
reporter of a com. upon slavery, and advocated 
the establishment in France of the American 
penitentiary system. He foretold the revol. 
of 1848, and in the constituent assembly 
strongly opposed socialism and ultra-demo- 
cratic measures. He was app. by Gen. Ca- 
vaignac to represent France in the diplomatic 
conlcrences at Brussels upon Italian ntfaira. 
Juno 3, 1849, he became minister of foreign 
affairs, and strongly supported the French 
cxped. to Rome ; but, dissatisfied with tho 
policy of Louis Bonaparte, resigned his office 
before the end of the yearl ami sat with the 
opposition. Dec. 2, 1851. he was one of the 
deputies who protested against the eo i/) d'e'at, 
and was incarcerated, but was released in a lew 
(lavs. Witbilrawiiig from public life, he in. 
181)6 pub. " I.'Ancien li<^/iine el la R&olulion." 
In 1859 his "(linvris el Coircspondanre In^lilii" 
was pub. with a biog. notice by his friend G. 
de Beaumont. — Applelon. 

Tod, David, statesman, b. Youngstown, 
O., Feb. 21, 1805; d. there Nov. 1.3, 1868. 
Son of Judge (Jcorge Tod ; received from him 
a careful and thorough training, and in 1827 
was adm. to the bar, practising at Warren 15 



TOD 



912 



tom: 



years. In 183S he defeated his Wliig competi- 
tor for the State senate ; in 1840 he took the 
stump lor Van Buren ; in 1844 he was nomi- 
nated gov., and was beaten by a few votes ; 
minister to Brazil 1847-52 ; a delegate to the 
Charleston Convention in 1860, he warmly 
supported Mr. Douglas, and was first vice-pres. 
of that body ; when the southern wing of the 
Democ. party withdrew at Baltimore, Sir. Tod 
became presiding officer. He warmly advo- 
cated the peace measures before and after the 
Peace Congress at Washington. Elected gov. 
of 0. in 18C2 by an overwhelming majority, 
he gave to the govt, a firm, unflinching support 
during his term of two years. 

Tod, George, lawyer and jurist, b. Suf- 
field, Ct., II Dec. 1773; d. Warren Co., O., 11 
Apr. 1841. Y.C. 179.5. In 1800 he settled 
in Georgetown, O. State senator in 1S04-.5; 
judge of the Sup. Court 1806-9; prcs. judge 
3d judicial dist. 1815-34; and was subsequently 
prosec.-atty. for Warren Co. Lieut. -col. in the 
war of 1812, and disting. in defence of Fort 
Meigs in May, 1813. Father of Gov. Tod. 

Todd, CoL. Charles Scott, b. near 
Danville, Ivy., Jan. 22, 1791 ; d. Baton Rouge, 
La., 17 ilay, 1871. Wm. and Mary Coll. 
1809. Son of Judge Thoinas. App. ensign 
Ky. Vols. ; brig, quartm. and judge-advocate 
of Winchester's division 1812 ; capt. 28th Inf. 
May, 1813 ; aide to Gen. Harrison in battle of 
the Thames; assist, insp.-gen. Nov. I, 1813; 
insp.-gen. (rank of col.) Mar. 2, 1815; sec. of 
state of Ky. 1817 ; member of the legisl. 1817- 
18; contidential agent to Colombia in 1820-1 ; 
envoy-cxtr. and niinister-plenipo. to Russia 
1841-5. Author of "Sketches of Civil and 
Military Services of W. H. Harrison," 1840. 
Edited the Clucimiati Republican in 1840. 

Todd, Eli, M.D., b. New Haven, July 22, 
1769; d. Hartford, Ct., Nov. 17, 1833. Y.C. 
1787. He established himself in 1790 at Farm- 
ington, Ct., in his profession ; in 1819 removed 
to Hartford, where he had an extensive practice, 
and took the lead in founding the Retreat for 
the Insane, of which he was the physician 
from its foundation, Apr. 1, 1824, till his death. 
Pres. of the Ct. Med. Society, and of the Hop- 
kins Med. Association. 

Todd, Col. Johjt, b. Pa. ; killed at the 
battle of Blue Licks, Ky., Aug. 19, 1782. 
Educated in Va. by his uncle, Rev. John ; set- 
tled as a lawyer at Fincastle, Va. ; emig. to 
Ky. in 1775, and in 1776 located land near 
Lexington. He accomp. Col. G. R. Clarke's 
expcd. against Kaskaskia and Vincenncs, and 
sueeccded Clarke in the com. of Ka>kaskia. 
The Va. legisl. in 1777 app. him col. com. of 
the coiiniry whicli was erected into the county 
of Illinois. Col. of a frontier regt. in 1778; 
dclo^Mte to the Va. legisl. in 1780.— Culliii.i. 

Todd, John, D. D. (Wm.'i. Coll. 1845), 
clergvman and author, b. Rutland, Vt., Oct. 
9, 1800. Y.C. 1822; Andover Sem. 1823; 
and ord. minister of the Cong, church at Gro- 
ton, Jan. 3, 1827. In 18.33 he was settled over 
the Edwards Church, Northampton ; in 1836 
over the First Cong. Church in Phila. ; and 
from Feb. 1842 to Sept. 1870 w.is pastor of 
the First Cong. Church, Pittsfield, Ms. Ho 
was a founder of the Mt. Holvokc Female 



Sem. Author of " Lectures to Children," 2 
vols.; "Student's Manual;" " The Sabbath- 
school Teacher," 1836; "The Lost Sister 
of Wyoming." 1841; "Bible Companion;" 
"Great Cities, their Moral Influence," 1841 ; 
" The Young Man," 1843 ; "Simple Sketches," 
2vols. 1843; " The Daughterat School," 1854; 
"Summer Gleanings," 1852; "Truth made 
Simple," 1839; " Stories on the Shorter Cate- 
chism," 2 vols. 1850 ; " The Angels of the 
Iceberg," 1859; "Index Rerum," 1835; 
"Sunset Land," 1869; "Future Puni.~h- 
ment," 1863; "Mountain Gems," 1864; 
" The Water-Dove, and Other Gems," 1868 ; 
"Sketches and Incidents," 1866; "Polished 
Diamonds," 1866; "Hints and Thoughts for 
Christians," 1867; "Serpents in the Dove's 
Nest," 1867; "Woman's Rights," 1867; 
"Mountain-Flowers," 1869; sermons, orations, 
&c. ; contrib. to Sarlnln's and Graham's Ma/jn- 
zines and other periodicals. 

Todd, Thomas, jurist, b. King a. id 
Queen's Co., Va., Jan. 23, 1765; d. Feb. 7, 
1826. Left an orphan at 11. He received a 
good English education ; was a soldier of the 
Rcvol. ; emig. to Ky. in 1786, and began to 
practise law at Danville. Clerk of the Dist. 
Court of Kv. until 1799; clerk of the Court 
of Appeals "l799-Dcc. 1801; judge of that 
court 1801-6; chief justice of Ky. 1806-7; 
assoc. judge U.S. Sup. Court, March 3, 1807, 
to his deith. Father of Col. C. S. Todd.— 
CoUitts. 

Toler, Richard H., 23 years editor £j/ncA- 
burrf Virijiniaii ; d. Richmond, Va., 1848, a. 49. 

Tom ("Blind Tom"), an extraordinary 
musical prodigy, b. a slave in Columbus, Ga., 
ab. 1838. Blind from birth, ami possessing 
little intelligence, he yet can repeat accurately 
upon the piano the most diflicult music after 
once hearing it. The greatest musicians of the 
age have put his genius to the severest tests, and 
he has always triumphed. Brought north by 
his master in 1860, he first appeared in New 
Y'ork at Hope Cha|.el,Jan. 15, 1861, and has 
since travelled over America and Europe. 

Tomes, Robert, M.D. (U. of Kdinb.), 
author, b. New-York City, 1816. Wash. Coll. 
1837. He studied phpic at Phila., at Edin- 
burgh, and in the Paris hospitals; engaged in 
practice at N. York; and made several voyages 
as sui^eon in the employ of the Pacific Wail 
Steamship Co. He pub. "Panama" in 1855; 
" Lives of Richard Coeur de Lion and Oliver 
Cromwell," 1855-6 ; "The Bourbon Prince," 
1853; "The Champagne Country," 1867; 
assisted in preparing " Commoilore Perry's 
Naval Expcd. to Japan," 1855, and the Ameri- 
can matter in Appleton's "Cyclopicilia of Bi- 
ography," 1856. He has pub. in seri .1 form 
" Battles of America bv Sea and Land," and 
" The War with the South, a History of t!io 
Great American Rebellion ; " and has contrib. 
articles for the Likrarij Woihl, Evenini] I'osI, 
Harper's Weekli), and Ilarjier's Mai/. — Dia/c- 

Tomlinson, Gideon, LL D., lawyer and 
statesman of Ct., b. Siratfonl, Dec. 31", 1780; 
d. Fairfield, Oct. 8, 1854. Y.C. 1802. Gide- 
on his grandfather, an ofliicer at the capture of 
Ticoudero^M, d. Stratford Ct., 1766, a. 34 



TOM 



913 



TOR 



He practised law in Fairfield ; was M.C. in 
181S-27; gov. IS27-31 ; U.S. senator 1831-7. 
Tomo-ehi-Ohi, Jlico or Chii,f of the Ya- 
mairans, anj a warm tViend of tlie English 
settlers of Georgia; d. near Savannah 5 (Jet. 
1739. He aeeomp. Gen. Oglethorpe to Eng- 
land in 1734, and was presented to the king. 
— See IJist. Sketch of Tomo-chi-cld by C. 0. 
Jones, Albany, 1S66. 

Tompkins, Daniel D., Vice-President 
of the US., b. Scarsdale, Westchester Co., 
N.y., June 21, 1774; d. Staten Island, June 
II, 1825. Col. Coll. 179.1. His father Jona- 
than G. was a litrmer and a patriot of the Uevol., 
during the whole of which he was a member of 
the legisl. The son was in 1796 adm. to the 
bar of N.Y. City. His talents soon brought 
liim into notice. In 1801 he w.as a member 
ofcthe State Const. Conv.; also served in the 
legisl.; M.C. in 1804-5; was app. judge of 
the Supreme Court in 1S04; was gov. of the 
State in 1807-17, and vice-pres. of the U.S. 
in 1817-25; he was a chancellor of the Uni- 
versity ; in 1821 a delegate to the State Const. 
Conv., and was afterwards app. its. pres. In 
politics he belonged to the Jeffersonian school, 
and lent an efficient support to the national 
govt, during the war of 1812, in which he 
com. the 3d military dist. ; and by his exertions 
in calling out troops, and sending them into 
the field, he contributed largely to the national 
success. In a special message to the legisl. Jan. 
28, 1817, he recommended the total abolition 
of slavery in New York ; and an act for that 
purpose passed, taking effect July 4, 1827. He 
was an unsuccessful candidate for the govern- 
or^hip in 1820, ard was an aspir.ant for tho 
presidency ; but, owing jiartly to the careless 
manner in which he kept his accounu during 
the war, he was accused of being a defaulter, 
and in his Litter days he was the victim of 
melancholv, and habits of intemperance 

Tompkins, D.^^-IEL D., col. U.S.A., b. 
N.Y. 1799; d. Brooklyn, X.Y., Feb. 26, 1863. 
West Point, 1820. Nephew of the preceding. 
Capt. 31 Dec. 1835; disting. in engagement 
with Indians at San Velasco ; and brev. maj. 
for gallantry in Florida war, Sept. II, 1836; 
(juartcrm. (rank maj.) 22 July, 1842; brev. 
lieut.-col. for meritorious conduct in Mex. war, 
May 30, 1848; dep. quartermaster-gen. (rank 
lieut.-col.) 16 Sept. 1851 ; assist, quartermaster- 
gen, (rank of col.) Dec. 22, 1856. 

Tompkins, George, jurist; d. near Jef- 
ferson City, Mo., April 7, 1846, a. 66. He was 
an early settler of Mo. Judge of the Sup. 
Court l'823-40; chief justice 1840-6. 

Tompson, Bbsjamix, " learned school- 
ma ncr and phvsician, and ye renowned poet of 
New England,'' according to his tombstone ; b. 
Braintrce, July 14, 1642; d. April 9, 1714, and 
is buried at Koxbury. H. U. 1662. Son of 
Rev. Wm. of Braintrce, Ms. Was master of 
the public school in Boston from 1667 to 1670, 
when he was called to Cambridge. He was the 
author of an "Elegy on the Rev. S.imuel 
Whiting " of Lynn, iii Mather's " Magnalia." 
His chief poem is entitled " New England's 
Cn>U." — 0„i/cl:liick. 

Tompson, Edward, minister of Marsh- 
field, Ms., from Oct. 14, 1696, to his d. March 



10, 1705 ; b. Apr. 20, 1665. H. U. 1684. He 
taught school some years at Newbury. Ilia 
gravestone is thus inscribed : — 

'■ Here in a tyrant's baud doth captive lie 
A rare synopsis of diviuity." 

His last sermons. Heaven the Best Country, 
were pub. in 1712. 

Tonyn, Patrick, a Biitish gen., gov. of 
East Florida 1775-83 ; d. Lond. 30 Dec. 1804, 
a. 79. App. a capt. in the 6th Dragoons, May 
15, 1751, with which he ser%-cd in Germany 
in 1758; in 1761 was lieur.-col. of the 104th, 
:md attained the rank of gen. Jan. 1, 17U8. 

Toombs, Robert, politician, b. Washing- 
ton, Wilkes Co., Ga., July 2, 1810. Uu. Coll. 
1828. He read Law'at the U. of Va., and prac- 
tised it until his election to Congress in 1845; 
he was a capt. of vols, under Gen. Scott in the 
Creek war of 18)6; was a member of the lower 
branch of the State legisl. in 1837-45, with 
the exception of the year 1841 ; M.C. 1845-53; 
entered the senate during the 3jd Congress ; 
was re-elected in 1S59, and expelled JIar. 14, 
1861. In Congress he sencd on important 
committees ; was a prominent member of the 
extreme Southern party, and, after the election 
of Pres. Lincoln, was a leader in the secession 
of Ga. He strongly advocated secession in a 
speech at Jlilledgeville, Nov. 15, I860, and in 
the U.S. seuati?, Jan. 7, 1861. He was a mem- 
ber of the Confed. Congress which met at Mont- 
gomery Feb. 4 ; was provis. sec. of State from 
Feb. 21 to Sept. 1861 ; and was a brig.-gen. 
in the Confed. aimy. Up to 1 850 he belonged 
to the Whig party. 

Torbert, Ges. Alfred T. A., b. Del. 
West Point, 1855. Entering the 5th Inf., he 
served in Florida in 1 856-7 ; Utah exped. 1857- 
60; capt. 25 Sept. 1861 ; col. 1st N. J. Vols. 
16 Sept. 1861 ; engaged in the Peninsular cam- 
paign ; com. brigade of 6th corps in battles of 
ISIanassas, South Mountain (where he was 
wounded), and at Antictam ; brig.-gen. vols. 29 
Nov. 1862; engaged at Gettysburg, and brev. 
maj. U.S.A. 4 July, 1863 ; com. divis. of cav., 
Army of Potomac, May-July, 1 864 ; and in nu- 
merous actions, including Hawes's Shop, Cold 
Harbor, Trcvillian Station, and Darbytown ; 
chief of cavalry in the Shenandoah campaign, 
and in the battles there in Ang.-(Jct 1864; 
brev. lieut.-col. U.S.A. 28 Mav, f864, for battle 
of Hawes's Shop; col. 19 Sept. 1864 for Win- 
chester ; brig.-gen. and maj. -gen. 13 Mar. 
1865 for Cedar Creek, and for gallant and 
meritorious service during the Rebellion. Re- 
signed 31 Oct. 1866. Consul-gen. to Havana 
1871. — C'i(//'(»i. 

Torquemada (tor-ka-ma'-da), a Spanish 
monk ot the 16th century. Author of a histo- 
ry of Jlexico, entitled '' Monarchia Indiana." 
pub. at Senile in 1615, and at Madrid in ] 723. 

Torrey, Charles Turner, a Cong, min- 
ister, b. Scituate, Ms., 1813 ; d. Baltimore, M^y 
9, 1846. Y. C. 1833. He m. a dau. of Rev. 
Jacob Ide, D.D. ; and was settled first at 
Princeton, and then at Salem, but soon relin- 
quished his eligible professional position to la- 
bor for the subversion of African slaver)'. De- 
tc'Cted in the attempt to aid some slaves to es- 
cape from -Md., he was tried, convicted, and 
sentenced to a long imprisonment in the State 



914 



TOTT 



prison, where he dic;l of con-iumprioii. Author 
01 " Home, or the l'il;^riin'ii Faith Revived," 
-inil " ^ijnioir of Wm. K. Saxton," 1808. 

Torrey, John, M.D., (Coll. of Phvs. 
and Sur;;. ISIS), LL.D., botanist and chemist, 
b. X.V. City 1798. He was atone time pres. 
of the N.Y.'Lyceum of Nat. Hist., to the "An- 
nals" of which he largely contributed. He 
pub. in 1817 a catalogue of the plants growing 
wiihin 30 miles of N.Y. ; in 1824 the tirst vol. 
of the "Flora of the Northern U.S.;" and in 
IdiGhis" Compendium "of the same. Inl838, 
with his former pupil, Dr. Asa Gray, he com- 
menced the more extended " Flora of N. Amer- 
ica," which he carried as far as the close of the 
great order Composite. He has also prcjiared the 
botanical ]iart of the Reports of the Nat. Hist. 
Soc. of the State of N.Y. (2 vols. 184.3-4), and 
in connection with Dr. Gray has examined and 
described iu the govt, exploring-expeds. a large 
portion of the new plants, shrubs, and trees col- 
lected by those expeditions. He has also been 
actively occupied in chemical and mincralogi- 
cal investigations. In 1824 he was prof, of 
chemistry in the West-Point Milit. Acad ; prof, 
of botany and chemistry in the Coll. of Phys. 
and Surg., N.Y., 1827-55, when he was made 
emeritus prof. ; from 1828 to 1854 he was prof, 
of chemistry at N.J. Coll. ; and since 185;3 has 
been assayer in the U.S. assay-oflSce, N.Y. In 
ISGO he presented to Columbia Coll., N.Y., his 
valuable herbarium. — Appleton. 

Torrsy, Joseph, D.D. (H.U. 1850), Cong. 
clc>rgvman, and scholar, b. Rowley, Ms., Feb. 
2, 1797; d. Buriiagton, Vt., Nov. 26, 18G7. 
Darim. Coll. 1S16; And. Theol. S-m. 1819. 
Ord. and settled as pastor at Eoyalton, Vt., 
1319-27; j;rof. of Greek and Latin in the U. 
of Vt. l.i27-42; prof. of intcll. and moral phi- 
los. from 1 S42 until his decease ; and pres. of 
tlie U. from 1 363 until compelled by ill-health 
to resign iu 1305. He eili'.ed Dr. Jas. March's 
nnpub. papers, accompanying them with an 
interesting Memoir ; and also edited ably, and 
with great care, Ncander's " Church History." 
He edited Dr. Worthington Smith's sermons, 
and predxed a Memoir. 

Torrey, Capt. William, of Weymouth, 
one of tiie first military ofHeers and authors of 
the Ms. Colony; was a justice of the peace, a 
freeman in 1642, several years a representative, 
usually clerk of the deputies, and capt. of the 
train-band, — as high a rank as then existed. 
He was a good penman, "skilled in Latin," 
and wrote a boo'.; on the milknuinm, entitled 
" A Discourse couieming Futurities to Come, 
wiiiten by a Very Old Man in Continual Ex- 
pectation of his 'frciuslation into Another Life 
and World," a 4to of about 60 pages, 2d ed., 
with a preface by Prince, 8vo, 1757. — Eliot. 

Totten, Geokgb Mdihsov, engineer, b. 
N. Haven, Ct., May 23, 1809. Partridge's 
Mllit. Acad. 1326. He became a civil cngr. at 
18, and imtil 1844 was cmploved on railroads 
and canals in Ms., Ct., Pa.,' N. J., Va., and 
N.C. Ho was next engaged for 5 years on the 
survey and construction of the Cnivtl del Dir/m 
iu N. Granada; and iu 1349 was aup. engr.-in- 
eliief of the Panama R-iilroiid, winch in 1855 
ho successfully completed. II' lias since been 
cng.tgej iu cugiacering in the U.S. 



Totten, JosEPn GiLBEP-T, Tjrev. maj.-gcn 
U.S.A., b. New Haven, Ct., Aug. 23, 1788; d. 
Washington, D.C., Apr. 22, 1 864. West Point 
(licut. of engineers), 1805. Capt. 31 July, 
1812 ; chief cngr. of the army in the campaigns 
of 1812-13 on the Niagara ; disting. in caj^ture 
of Fort Giorge, 27 Slay, 1813 ; brcv. maj. for 
meritorious service, .lune 6, 1813; chief cngr. 
of Gens. Izard and Macomb's div. in 1814 at 
Lake Chainplain ; brev. lijut.-col. for gallant 
conduct at the battle of Plattsburg, Sept. II, 
1814; maj. Nov. 12, 1818; lieut.-to!. May 24, 
182S; col. and chief engr. Dec. 7, 1838; chief 
cngr. of the army of Gen. Scott in the siege of 
Vera Cruz ; coramiss. at capitulation of Vera 
Cruz, Me.x., March 25, 1847 ; brev. brig.-gen. 
for gallantry at the siege of Vera Cruz, 20 
Mar. 1847. A regent of the Smithsonian In- 
stitution 1846-64^ Brig.-gen. and chief of 
engrs. U.S.A. 3 Mar. 1863; brev. maj.-gen.21 
April, 18G4. The fortilieations of Newport, 
R.I., and other defensive works built liy him, 
are enduring monuments to his memory. Au- 
thor of " Report on the Subject of National 
Defenses," Wa.shingtoii, 1851; and translator 
of " Vieat on Mortars." — Caelum. 

Toucey, Isaac, LL.D., politician and law- 
yer, b. Newtov.n, Ct., Nov. 5, 1796; d. Hart- 
ibrd, July 30, l.yG9. Descended from Rev. 
Thos., lirst Cong. minist-T of Newtown (Y.C. 
1707). lie received a common-school educa- • 
tion ; adopted the profession of law ; was adm. 
to the H.mford bar in 1818, and was Stad- 
atty. for his native county in 1822-35; M.C. 
1835-9; State-atty. 1842-4; gov. of Ct. in 
1S46-7; inl84S-9"U.S.atty.-gen.; State senar 
tor in 1851; member of the Assembly in 1052; 
U.S. senator 1852-7; and froTu 1S57 to 1861 
sec. of the navy. He wielded a powerful influ- 
ence by his coolncs ', deliberation, and judicial 
cast of mind. "In justice to his memory it 
must be said, that the charges made against 
him, that, while sec. of the navy under Mr. Bu- 
chanan, he deliberately sent away our vessels to 
distant seas to prevent their use in suppressing 
secession at its commencement, and th".t he 
fiivored and aided secession, h .vc very slight 
foundation in truth. He avowed that he op- 
posed secession in the cabinet as wholly inad- 
missible under the Constitution ; though his 
personal feelings were known to be with the 
South, and in opposition to the war." 

Toulmin, IIarrv, jurist and author, b. 
T.aunton, Eng., 1767; d. Washin;:!on Co., 
Ala., Nov. 11, 1823. Son of the eminent Dr. 
.Joshua Toulmin. Was a dissenting minister 
f._!r several years at Chorobirt, Lancashire; 
came to Norfolk, Va., in 1793 ; pres. of Tran- 
sylv. U. 1794-G ; sec. of state of Ky. 173G-1804; 
app. judge of U.S. Dial. Court of Mpi. U04. 
Compiled "Digest of Temtorial Laws of Ala." 
in 1823. Assisted in framing the constitution 
of Ala. in her conv., and served in her legisl. 
Author of "Description of Kentucky," 8vo, 
1792; "Magistrate's Assistant," 8vo; "Sup- 
posed Welsh Indians," Nic. Jour., 1S09 ; " Col- 
lic!ion of the Acts of Kentucky," 1802; wirh 
Jajnes Blair, " Review of the Crim. Law of 
Ky.," 8vo, 1804. 

Touro, JcDAH, philanthropist, of Jewish 
descent, b. Newport, R. I., June 16, 1775; d. 



TOTJ 



915 



TO"W 



•>. Orleans, Jan. IS, 1S54. His father, Rev. 
Laic, cauiL' li-om Holland, and in 1762 liecame 
pri 3t of the siTiasojiui' at Newport. In 1798 
Jiulali sailed as supcrearrro to the Mediterra- 
n -an for his uncle. During the voyage, the 
s'lip in which he sai' -'il came off vi -torious in a 
desperate conflict with a French privateer. Af- 
ter residing some time in Boston, he in 1802 
removed to New Orleans, where he became a 
merchant, and acquired a fortune, wliich he he- 
qucathed principally to the puhiic institutions 
of that city. In 1815 he served as a soldier at 
the hatt!e of New Orleans, and was wounded 
in the hip by a cannon-ball, from the effects of 
wliich he never entirely recovered. Though 
of the Jewish faith, he contiibutcd liberal sums 
to many Christian enterprises, among which 
may be mentioned the dona'ion of a valuable 
buiiding-!ot to the cong. of Rev. Mr. Clapp for 
the Fii-st Cong. Church of N. O. He gave 
SIO.OOO towards the Bunker-hill Jlonnment. 

Toussaint L'Ouverture (too-san loo- 
vCi-' liii-'), Kinxgois DoMisiQCE, a Haytien 
gen., b. near Cape St. Franvois, 1743; il. in 
the dungeon of St. Joux, France, Apr. 27, 
1803, of starvation. His parents were negro 
slaves. By intelligence and faithfulness he 
was raised to important posts on his master's 
esrate, and was able to acquire some mental 
cultivation. In 1791, when the mulattoes ap- 
)jcalcd to the negroes for help against the tyr- 
anny of the colonial govt., Toussaint incurred 
the hostility of his race by remaining quiet and 
fiithful. He joined the negro army subse- 
quently in a medical capacity; was soon made 
brig.-gen. ; disting. himself by the capture of 
the entire army of Brandicourt, the gen. of 
the whiles, also taking Doudon, an important 
post; July 27, 179.5, he took Marmelade, an- 
other important fiost, defeated the French col. 
Besfourneaux, and seized Emery and Gonaives. 
Toussaint soon after declared for France, being 
already com. in chief of the black forces, formed 
a junction with Laveaux, received the ca- 
pitulation of the entire English force at St. 
Marc, and drove the Spanish from the W. por- 
tion of the island. In 1796 he was app. com.- 
in-chief of St. Domingo by Santhonax, the 
French commiss., and succeeded in restoring 
order and industry to the island ; in 1 799 he 
completely quelled the mulatto insurrection of 
Rigaud ; Nov. 26, 1800, he assumed the govt, 
under the French Directory alone ; and in Jan. 
1801 the whole island became subject to his 
sway. He labored successfully to restore in- 
dustry, to remove prejudice, and to establish 
pood oriler. A constitution was drawn up; he 
was named pres. for life ; and free trade was 
established. Thc-se measures gave so much 
offence to Bonaparte, who had not been con- 
sulted previously, that he at once resolved to 
u«e a disaffected portion of his then unem- 
ployed army to subjugate and re-enslave the 
blacks. Gen. Leclcrc was sent in Nov. 1801 
with .10,000 men ; drove them, after a sangui- 
nary conflict, from the seaports into the moun- 
tain fastnesses, and finally, by promises and 
cajolery, won over Christophe, Dessalines, and 
th' other generals. The destrnction of Tous- 
sai;it having been determined upon, he was 
invited to ab iatcrvicnr at Gonaives with Gen. 



Brunet; was seized by an armed force, and taker 
to France; reached Paris Aug. 17, 1802; wat 
confined in the Icmple, and without a trial 
was transferred to the dungeons of the Castk 
of Joux, in the dpt. of Doubs. Deprived of all 
society, subjected to intense cold, with insuffi- 
cient clothing and food, the heroic old man 
appealed repeatedly, but in vain, for a trial. 
Finding that his appeals for a trial produced 
no response, be commenced his defence, which 
was transmitted to Bonaparte. His Jlemoirs 
have been pub. by Saint- Remy, I'aris, IS.iO; 
by J. R. Beard. London, 1833:" and' by J. Red- 
path, 18G3 : and he was made the subject of a 
lecture by Wendell Phillips, 1863. 

Toussard, Col. Louis, b. France, 1749; 
d. N. Orleans ab. 1820. Originally an artillery- 
ofticer in the re^t. of La Fere. In .Mar. 1777 
he arrived in America with other officers recom- 
mended by Silas Dcane; in June received a 
lieutenant's commiss. ; was af'crwarl aide to 
Lafayette; lost an arm at Rhode Island in 
the fall of 1778; and soon after received from 
Congress the brev. of lieut.-col. and a pension 
for life. He afterward served the Freuc'i 
govt, in the W. Indies. He returned to the 
U..S. in 1794; was app, major in Feb. 1795; 
lieut.-col. 2d Art. in 1800; dish. Jan. 180:^. 
Afterward French consul at N.Orleans (18IJ- 
15). Author of " Artillerist's Companion," 2 
vols. 8vo, Phila., 1809. 

Tower, Ze.\i.ocs Bates, brev. raaj.-irin. 
U.S..\., b. Boston ab. 1819. WestPoint, 1841 
(first in his class). Riceived his early education 
at the Boston High School. App. 2d lieut. of 
engrs. ; assist, prof, of eng. .'Vug. 31, 1842, to 
Ajir. 4, 1843; brev. 1st lieut. for gallantry at 
Cerro Gerdo, April 18; capt. for gallantry at 
Contreras and Churuhusco, Aug. 20 ; and ma- 
jor for gallantry at Chapultepec, Sept. 8, 1847; 
niaile Ut lieut. Apr. 24, 1847; capt. I July. 
1855; major, Aug. 6, 1861 ; lieut.-col. Nov. 4. 
1865; brig.-gen. vols. Nov. 23, 1861; chief 
engr. of defences of Fort Pickens, Fla., Feb. 
1861 to May, 1862; and in the Northern Va. 
campaign, july-Aug. 1862 ; was in the battles 
of Cedar Motmtain, Rappahannock Station, 
and Thoroughfare Gap. He com. a brigade iii 
the second battle of Bull Run, and was wouml- 
cd ; was chief engr. of the defences of Nasli- 
ville, Tenn., 28 Sept. 1864 to July, 1865: eii- 
ga'.'ed in repulse of Hood, an<l battle ot Nash- 
ville, 15 and 16 Dec. 1864. Member of the 
board of engrs. since 18 May, 1867; brev. lieut.- 
col. 23 Nov. 1861 for the defence of Fort 
Pickens, Fla.; col. for Cedar Mountain 9 Aug. 
1862; brig, and m.ij. gen. U.S..\., 13 M u-. 
1865, for battle of Groveton, Va., and for ;;al- 
lant and merit, services during the Uel>clliiai. 
He pub. in 1943 "Illustrations of the Croton 
Aoueduct," 4to, plates. — Ctilhim. 

Town, IxniEL, architect, b. Thompso'i, 
Ct., 1784 ; d. N. Haven, Ct., 13 Jtme, 1814, 
Author of Descript. of his Improvement in 
Construction of Bridges, 8vo, 1821. 4to, N.V , 
18.39; and Schoolhouse Archiiecture. H;aNo 
pub. .Vdm. Sir George Collier's Journal .n the 
" Rainbow," 1776-9, N.Y., 1835. 
Towne, S.\lem, LL D., teacher, anr. com- 

Siler of school-books, b. Bclchcrtown, Ms., 
larch 5, 1779; d. Gi^cneastle, Ind , Feb. 24. 



TOW 



916 



XOTV 



1864. Rel. < f Gen. Salem, a Revol. officer 
(h. Oxford. 2 Nov. 1746; d. Charlton. Ms., 
23 July, 1825), a resident of Aurora, X.Y. ; 40 
years a teacher in X.Y. He was at one time a 
member of the N.T. senate. Author of " Specu- 
lative Masonry," 1818; " Analysis of Deriva- 
tive Wonis," IS36; also a series of Readers 
and Spellers. 

Towns, George W. B., statesman, b. 
W'iikes Co., Ga., Mav 4, ISOl ; d. Macon, Ga., 
July I">, 1S54. Of a Va. family. His father 
was distin^. at the battles of Cowiwns and 
Eutaw. Commencing life as a merchant, he 
was ailm. to the bar of Ala. in 1824, and for a 
time eilitcd a political paper. In 1826 he set- 
tled in Tallx>t Co., Ga. ; served several years in 
both branches of the State legisl. ; was M.C. 
in 1835-9 and in 1845-7 ; and was gov. of Ga. 
in lS47-.iI — .1//7W. lit'iich and Bur of Ga. 

Townsend, Edward Davis, adj.-^en. 
r.S.A.,b. Bost. ISAiisr. 1S17. W P't., 37. Son 
of >[.ij. D. S., and frrandson of Dr. D.ivid 
(175; -1829), surgeon Rovol. army. He served 
in the Florida war ; was made assist, adj.-jren. 
(rank capt.) 8 Aug. 1S46; maj. 15 .Inly, 1852; 
col. 3 Ans. 1861; adj.-s^n. (rank brisi.-i^'n.) 
22 Feb. 1869; brcv mlij.-gen. 13 Mar. fseS. 

Townsend, Eliza, poetess, b, Boston, 
1789; d. there Jan. 12, 1854. She contrib. 
anonymously to the Montlili/ Anihofifti/, I'liiln- 
rian ilisccllani/, Poilr'o'io, and other periodi- 
cals, religious and moral pieces : among them 
Tcrscs on " The Incomprehensibility of God; '' 
"An Occasional Odo," written in June, 1809, 
in which she comments with severity on the 
carwr of Napoleon; "Lines to Robert Sou- 
they," written in 1812; and "The Rain- 
bow," pub. in the Gfii, liepositort/ and Rtvit^w. 
In 1856, her sister. Mart P. Towssexd (d. 
1861), privatclv printed a collection of her 
poems. — Duychhifh. 

Townsend, Jonx K., naturalist, b. Phila. 
1809; d. 1861. Author of "Xarrative of a 
Journey across the Rocky Moimtains, and 
a Vifit to the Sandwich Islands, Chili, &e., 
1833-7," 8to, 18-39; "Sporting Excursions in 
the Rockv Mountains," &c., 2 vols. 8vo, 1840; 
" Ornithology of the U.S., Xo. \," 1839. Con- 
trib. to Jour, of Scad, of Sat. Sci. of Phila. — 
Alli^^ne. 

Townsend, Col. Pens, b. Boston, Dec. 
20. 1651; d. there Aug. 21, 1727. Son of 
William, who wjis in Boston 1636. Was a 
ivine-merihant ; a leading man in town-allairs 
many years ; a repn-sontativc, 1686-98; after- 
ward speaker of the house ; one of the council, 
1721 : anil chief judge of the SuHblk SujK-rior 
Court. He was often capt. of the A. and H. 
An. Co., and col. of the Boston Regt. 1703. 
Ho was one of the ag»-nts to superintend the 
niilit.iry forces destined against Port Royal in 
1707. and was a patron of learning. 

Townsend, RonERT, c.ipt. U.S.X., b. Al- 

I>any, 1819; d. China, Aug. 15, 1866. Uu. 
Coli. 1835. Entering ihe n.iVT, he took part 
in the capture of Vera Cruz in 1847 ; was act- 
ing lient. at the capture of X. Orleans ; com. 
the iron-clad " Essex " at the siege of Port 
Hudson ; and ♦.is a division-com. under Admi- 
ral Porrer in the Red-river campaign. 
Townsend, Virgisia Fr-vxces, b. X. 



Haven, Ct. Author of " Living and Lot- 
ing; " " While it was Morning," 1859 ; '■ Buds 
from Christmas-Boughs," 1 859 ; " B v and B\ ; " 
" Amy Dean," 1862 ; " Well in thefeock,"&c., 
1863;' "Temptation and Triumph," 1863; 
" Battle-Ficlds of our Fathers," 1864 : " Janet 
Stron,'," 1^65; "Darryl Gap." 1866; 'The 
Hollands," 1869; "Joanna Darling," 1871. 
Editor of Arthur's Home May., and contrib. to 
perio<licals. — AUiboiic. 

Townshend, Cn.vRLES, an English states- 
man, h. Aug. 29, 1 725 ; d. Sept. 4, "l 767. Sec- 
ond son of Ch.irles, the third viscount. In 
1747 he entered parliainont, and aequir.'d a 
bright nputation as an orator; in June, 1749, 
he was app. a commiss. of trade and planta- 
tions ; in 1756 a memlier of the privy council ; 
in Mar. 1761 Si-c. at war; in leb. 1763 first 
lord of trade and phantations; in .June, 1765, 
paymaster-gen. and chancellor of the exche- 
quer; and a lord of the treasury iu Aug. 1766. 
" He had voted, and in the year 1765 had l>cen 
an advocate, for the Stamp Act. He then.fiiro 
attended at the private meeting in which ri so- 
lutions leading to its repeal were settled ; and 
he would have spoken for that measure too, if 
illness had not prevented him. The very next 
session, as the fashion of this world pass;th 
away, the rcjK^al h-gan to K- in as bad 0(U>r as 
the Stamp Act had K-en l>efore. To conform to 
the terajierwhich Ix-gun to prevail, and to prevail 
mostly among those mo.-t m power, he declar d 
th.-.t 'revenue must be had out of America." 
June 2, 1767, he introduced into the house of 
commons the celebrated rosolutions imjHising 
duties upon paper, tea, and other artieli-s im- 
ported into the American Colonic-, which event- 
ually led to their revolt and independence. 
Says Macaul.ay, " He wjis a man of splendid 
talents, of lax principles, and of boundless 
vanity and pn-sumption." 

Townshend, liEonoE. marquis, an Eng. 
fteld-marshal. h. Feb. 28, 1724; d. Sept. 14, 
1807. Eldest son of the third visi^^ount, whom 
he succevded in May. 1767. He served at the 
battles of Detting«n, Fontenoy, Culloden, and 
Laileldt; and, in the expcd. to Canada under 
Wolfe, com. a division. Afler the first buttle 
of the Plains of Abraham, and the death of 
Wolfe, he took com. of the anny, and five 
days after received the capitulation of De 
Ramsay. He then n-turned to Eng. ; was 
M.P. in 1754-64; rose to the highest rank 
in the army ; became a privy councillor ; was 
lord lieut. of Ireland in 1767-72; and Avas 
created m.-ui^uis Oct. 6, 1787. 

Towson, Gex. Nathax, b. near Balti- 
more, .Ian. 22, 1784; d. W,a.shington, D.C., 
July 20. 1 854. Prerions to the wair of 1 81 2 he 
com. a companv of vol. art., and was adj. of 
the 7th Md. Rogt. In Mar. 1812 he was app. 
a capt. in the 2d U.S. Art., and Oct. 9, aided 
by I.ient. Elliot of the navy, captun-d the 
British brig " Cabxlonia," under the guns of 
Fort Erie. He was engaged in the battle of 
Qneenstown, in the capture of Fort George, 
the affair at Stony Creik, and on the 17th of 
July, 1813, he was wounded in rej>elling an 
attack of the British on the outworks of Fort 
George, U.C. During the campaign of 1814, 
Towson com. a batterv in one of the divisions 



917 



TRA. 



of Gen. Brown's array. Bcinfj attached to the 
brigade ot Scott, ho participated in the capture 
of t'ort Erie, July 4 ; was detailed with liis 
l>atterj' to briujj; on the battle of Chippewa. 
In this conHiet Towson bore a conspicuous 
part, and contributed greatly to the success of 
tlie day. In the olistinately-contestcd liattle 
uf Niagara, July 25 (the harde.^t fought and 
iiK>st sanguinary of the war), Ca])t. Towson 
wa.s in the fronr rank from lirst to last. Aug. 
15 he perlbrnicd a most important i)art, and in 
the defence of Fort Erie elicited from Gen. 
Ripley the highest encomiums on his skill and 
valor. In May, 1816, he received brevets of 
major and lieut.-col. for his achievements ; was 
in 1819 app. paymaster-gon. ; in 1k34 received 
the brev. of hrig.-gen., and in Mar. 1849 that 
of luaj.-gen , tor meritorious services per- 
formed during the Mexican war. In 1816 he 
m. Sophia, dau. of Caleb Bingham of Boston. 

Tracy, Ale.xander de I'ruuville, Mar- 
quis de, was viceroy of New France in 166.3. 
He was a licut.-gen. in the French army, and 
had served on the Continent with distinction. 
Before arriving in Canada, he had retaken 
Cayenne from tli ■ Dutch, and brought several 
islan<ls of the contiguous archipelago under 
French domination. He was one of the most 
abli! anil popular of the French officials ever 
sent to Canada. During his brief sway of 18 
months, he established a military aristocracy, 
fortilied the country against the encroachments 
of the Iroquois, and coitcluded a peace with 
them of 18 years' duration, which was of great 
benelit to the country, long harassed with their 
sanguinary inroads. 

Tracy, Ri:v. Ebenezee Carter, b. Hart- 
ford, Ct., 10 June, 1796; d. Wind.sor, Vt., 15 
May, 1862. Dartui. Coll. 1819; And. Sem. 
1?22. TutoratD.C. 182.3-5. Editorially con- 
nected with the .V. Y. Jour, of Cominercr,. four, 
of' //umunilt/, and Boston lif-rorchr. Edited the 
Vl. Clironirlr 1826-8 and 1834-62. Author of 
" Life of Jeremiah Evarts," 8vo, 1845. 

Tracy, Joseph, D.D. (Vt. U. 1859), au- 
thor, b. Hartford, Vt., Nov. .3, 1794. Dartm. 
Coll. 1814. Pa-stor of the Cong churches at 
Tlietford and West Fairlee, Vt., from June 26, 
1821, to 1829. Edited the C/ironicIc at Wind- 
sor, Vt., 5 years, and the Boston Rerordrr I 
year; and afterward sec. of the Colonization 
Society at Boston. Rrsides at Beverly, Ms. 
He pub. "Three La.st Things;" "History of 
the Amer. Board ; " " The Great Awakening," 
1 842 ; " Memorial of the Colon. Soe. Centen.," 
15 .Ian. 1867. 

Tracy, Gbs. R. D., b. N.C. ; killed at the 
battle of Tort Gilison, May 1, 1863. He was 
cul. of a N.C. regt. until promoted in 1862 to 
brig.-gen. C.S.A. 

Tracy, Uriah, b. Franklin, Ct., Feb. 2, 
1755; d. Washington, D.C., July 19, 1807. 
Y.C. 1778. Adm. to the bar 1781; practised 
law succcssfuliy in Litchfield, Ct.,manv vears; 
member Ct. legi»l. in 1788-93; M.C. in'l793- 
6; U.S. senator in 1796-1807, and prcs. pro 
Um. in 1800. He was also a major-gen. of 
militia. 

Traill, CAinEnivE Parr (Strickland), 
Canadi in authi ress, b. a'l. 1805 ; sister of Ag- 
nes Strickland; m. Lieut. Traill in 1832. At 



1 6 she wrote a series of popular juvenile iKjoks, 
and after her marriage emig. to Canada. She 
has pub. " Backwoods of Canada," " Canadian 
Crusoes," "Raniblings in the Canadian For- 
est," " Female Emigrant's Guide," " Forest- 
Trees and Wild-Flowirs of West Canada," 
" Lady Mary and her Nurse," 1856. — Morf/an. 

Train, Charles R., lawyer, b. Framing- 
ham, Ms., 18 Oct. 1817. BrownU.1837. Com- 
pli'.trd bis legal studies at Cambridge. Adm. to 
the bar in 1841 ; memlier Ms. legisl. 1847; 
U.S. distriet-atty. for Northern Ms. 1848-51 ; 
member State Const. Conv. 1853; councilor 
1857-8; M.C. 1859-63; vol. aide on the stall' 
of Gen. Gordon, and present at Antietam ; 
again member Ms. legisl. 1871. Practises law 
in Boston. With F. F. Heard, author of " Pre- 
cedents of Indictments," 8vo, 1855. 

Train, George Francis, b. Boston, 18.30; 
was a racrehant there and in Australia. In 
1860-1 be devoted himself to the introduction 
of street-railways in London, but, not succeed- 
ing, returned to the U.S. in 1862, and be- 
came noted as a public speaker on the issues 
of the day. Among his publications are "An 
Amerieau Merchant in Europe, Asia, and Aus- 
tralia," 1857 ; " Young America in Wall St.," 
1858; " Spread-Eaglei.-m," 1859; "Obsena- 
tions on Stn-et-Railways," Liverpool, 1860; 
&c. Many of his speeches have been published. 
— Allihonr. 

Trail, RiisBELL Thacher, M.D., physi- 
cian, b. Vernon, Ct., Aug. 5, 1812. Brought 
up on a farm. Ill-health led him to study medi- 
cme, which he practised for some time. Re- 
moving in 1840 to New York, he studied the 
systems of homocopatbists, hydropathists, &c., 
and abandoned the use of drugs under all cir- 
cumstanCL'S, as contrary to the laws of nature. 
Since 1 843 he has pn«ided over a water-cure 
establishment in N.Y., and in 1853 established 
in conni'ction with it a medical school ibr pujiils 
of both sexes, chartered in 1857 as the New- 
York Hygeio-Tlierapeutie College, and in 
which he is prof, of theory and practice. He 
has edited various journals advocating tem- 
perance and hydropiithy ; is the author of a 
" Prize Essay on Temperance; " " Hydropathic 
Eneyelopa;d'ia," 1852; " llydropathie Cook- 
Book," 1854; "Uterine Diseases and Dis- 
pl.acements," 1855; "Home Treatment for 
Sexual Abuses;" "The Alcoholic Controver- 
sy;" "The Complete Gymna.sium," 1857; 
" Prize Essay on Tobacco ; " " Diseases of the 
Throat and Lungs ; " " Pathology of the Re- 
productive Organs ; " " Diphtheria ; " " The 
Scientific Basis of Vegetarianism ; " " Watcr- 
Cure for the Million ; " " Nervous Debility ; " 
" Lecturc-s on Drug-Medieines ; " " Lectiucs on 
Disea.ses of Females ; " " Principles of Ilygeio 
Therapy ; " " Sexual Physiology," 1 866 , 
" Hand-Book of Hygienic Practice," 1865. — 
Ai^tfl'ton. 

Trantham, Mrs. Bet.sey, b. Germany ; 
d. .Marcy Co., Tenn., Jan. 10, 18.34, at the great 
nge of 154. She emig. to Amer. wben the 
first settlement was maile in N.C. in 1710. At 
the ago of 120 her eyesight became almost ex- 
tinct, but during the' last 20 years of her life it 
was as perfect us ever. At the time of hci 
death she had entirely lost the sense of taste 



rCRA. 



91S 



TKK 



Ai tlie njjo of 63 she bore her only thild, who 
«!i« livinj; in 1835. 

Trask, William Blake, aiiiiquar)-, b. 
Uoitliister, Ms., Nov. 25, 181-.'. iJc.-iieiuiea 
tioni t';i|)t. William Trask, who sedleil in 
Salfin priiii' to IG'.'S, ami who I'om. n lompany 
ill ilicj lVi|iiot wars, lii uarlv hie he worked 
at the Inuic of a cahiTiel-maker liiheriiiiij; 
tioiii liis maternal f;iaiulfiitlier, John I'icroc, 
f:i;herof Hev John ol lirookline, a taste for 
histiirieal anil antiquarian pursuits, he assisted 
S. I!. Drake In colkeiini; materials lor the notes 
to his Uistorv of Boston; aided Gen. Sunitier 
in the preparation of his History of East 
J$o-ion; WHS one ol t lie authors of the His- 
torv of Dorehester; one of the editors of and 
eoiitrihutors to the y.E. ilisl. (ieiniiJ. llet/is/er ; 
and has as^ii^tcd many persons in the prepara- 
tion of their jjenealoijies. Member of the N.K. 
Hist. Geneal. Soc. sinoe 1851 ; and its histori- 
ographer 181)2-7. 

Travis, Col. William B., the hero of 
the Alamo, b. Conceah Co., Ala., 1811 ; killed 
at the Alamo, Mar. 1, 1836. He was in 1830 
adm. to practiee at the ilonroe Co. bar, Ala., 
but, at the eommencenient of the Texan struj;- 
(;le for independenee, drew his sword in that 
cause, and lell bravely lij^hting a vastly superior 
force of Mexieans. 

Treadwell, Dasiel, A.A.S., inventor, b. 
Ip^wuli. .\ls., 1791. His lirst invention, when 
i|iiiie Miunj;, was for making wood screws. In 

1818 iie produced a new printing-press, and in 

1819 went to Eng., where he conceived the 
idea of a jiowcr-press, which was completed the 
year alter his return, and widely used. In 1822 
he with Dr. John Ware established and con- 
ducted the liosloii Jour, of Philos. and the Aits : 
in 1826 he introduced the system of turn-outs 
for the railroads of the U.S.; in 1829 he com- 
pleted the lirst successfnl machine for spinning 
iieinp-cordage. His circular hackle, or lapper, 
lias been generally adopted wherever hemp is 
spun for coarse cloth. In 1 8.34-45 he was Hum- 
tbril prof of technology in H.U. Devoting 
himself to improvements in cannon, he in tour 
years perfected his method of making them of 
wiiinglit iron and steel, and received contracts 
from govt. He descrilwd a new method, by 
which the cost of his gun was greatly lessened, 
in a Memoir helbre the Amer. Acad, in 1835, 
secured bis invention bv patent, and pub. an 
acconnl of it in '56. D. ('' ndnidrpFeb. 27,'72. 

Treadwell, John, LL.D. (Y.C. 18oo), 

irov. of Ci. 1809-11, b. Farininijion, Ct., Nov. 
23. 1745; d. Aug. 19, 1823. Y.C. 1767. He 
studied law, — tbongh, being an only son, and 
heir to a competent estate, not with the inten- 
tion ot praitising, — and settled in his native 
town. In 1 776 he was a representative in the 
legisl., to which station he was, « ith one excep- 
tion, annually chosen until 1783, when he became 
a member of the council, from which jiosition 
he w.'is in 1798 elevated to that of lieut.-gov. ; 
incnibcr Old Congress 1783-6. He bad been, 
l>rcvi(nisly to 1809, 20 years jinlge ol probate 
and of the Supreme Court of Errors; 3 years 
judge of the county court. He was active in 
estaldishing and managing ilic school-fund of 
the State ; and rendered great service to the 
cause ol religion both in a private and public 



capacity, and was prcs. of the A.B.C F.M. 
from its orgauiziition until his death. In ail- 
ditioii to his legal acijuircinents, he was well 
verscil in literature, science, and theology, to 
the latter of which he eontrib. some unpub. 
cssavs. 

Treadwell, Jous Goodhle, M.D., phy- 
sician and scholar, b. Salem, Ms., Aug. 1 , 1805 ; 
d. there Aug. 6, 1836. H.U. 1825. His father, 
John Dc.xter, M.D. (H.U. 1788), A.A.S., and 
a disting. physician, d. Salem, Ms., June 6, 
1833, a. 65, leaving him a fortune. He estal>- 
lishcd himself as a physician in Salem in 1830. 
Besides his medical and scholarly acquire- 
ments, he had a taste for agriculture and garden- 
ing, in which he made careful and satisfactory 
experiments. His farm in Topsficid he be- 
queathed to the Essex-Co. Agric Society for 
the purpose of experiinental agriculture. He 
bequeathed to H.U., lor the tuundation of a 
prolessorship of physiology and anatomy, his 
librarv, and an estate estimated at from S75,- 
00(1 to SI 00,000. 

Treadwell, Sevmoir B., politician, b. 
Bridgeport. Ct., June, 1 793 ; d. Jackson, Mich., 
9.1une, 1867. In 1838 he pub. "American 
Liberties, and Amer. Slavery, Illustrated ; " 
took charge of an autislavery paper in Jlich. 
in 1839 ; and was twice elected commiss. of the 
land-office by the Free-soil party. 

Treat, Col. Kobekt, gov", of Ct. 1686- 
1701, b. Eng. 1622; d. Millord, Ct.. Julv 12, 
1710. With his bro. Richard, he came toS'.E. 
with Sir ISichard Saltonstall, and was among 
the first settlers of Wethersfield. He was soon 
chosen one of the 5 judges ; was a magistrate 
in 1661-5; major of the Ct. troops 1670. In 
Fbillip's war, at the attack of Springfield by 
the Indians in 1675, he marched to its relief, 
and drove them from the town ; in their assault 
upon Hadlcy, he put them to flight, and in 
Dec. performed a tlisting. part in (he destruc- 
tion of the Indians at Fort Narraganset. In 
1676 he was elected deputy-governor. 

Treat, Sa.mitei,, first minister of Eastham, 
Ms., from 1672 to his d. Mar. 18, 1717; b. 
Millord, Ct. 1648. H.U. 1669. Son of Gov. 
Kolieri;. He devoted himself successfully to the 
conversion of the Indians in his vicinity, and 
pub. the confession of faith in the Nausci In- 
dian language; election sermon. 1713. 

Tredwell, Thomas, b. Smithtowu. L.I,, 
1742; d. riattsliurg, X. Y., Jan. 30, 1832. 
N.J. Coll. 1764. Member of the Prov. Con- 
gress of N.Y. in 1774-5 ; of the Const. Convs. 
of 1776-7, and that of 1788, for the adoption 
of the Federal Constitntiim ; of the Assembly 
in 1777-83; of the State senate 1786-9 anil 
again in 1803-7 ; first judge of tlic Court of 
Pi-obate 1778-87; surrogate of Suftolk Co. 
1787-91 ; M.C. 1791-5. One of the original 
jiroprielors of Plattsbin'g, N,Y., to which place 
lie removed near the close of the last ceniurv ; 
representc-d Clinton and Essex Counties in tlie 
State Const. Conv. of 1801 ; and surrogate of 
Clinton Co. in 1807-31. 

Trelawney, Gex. Harry ; d. Eng. 1800. 
Com. the battalion of Guards in Gen. Howe's 
army at the battle of White Plains. 

Trenchard, Edward, capt. U.S.N., b. 
N.J. 1784; d. Brooklyn, L.I., Nov. 3, 1824. 



919 



TRI 



Miilshi|im. April 30, 1800; lieut. Feb. 18, 
ISOT; cum. July 24, 1813; eapt. il«reli 5, 
1817. 

Treachard, Stephen D.,commo. U.S.N., 
I) X..W York, Uct. 23, 1817. Miilshipm. Urt. 
2-!, lS.-i4 ; liciit. Fi-1). 27, 1847 ; coin. July 16, 
18G2; capt. July 25, 1866 ; com luo. 1871.' At- 
laclied to roast survey 1845-9 .iiul KS.'i4-7 ; 
ooai. saamer " Klioile IsliinJ," supply-vustci 
to lilock. siiuad., 18BI-5; in hotli siuacks on 
Fori l''i-;lier, Dec. 1864 anil Jan. 1865; com. 
s:cam-.<loop " Lanca^icr," fla■J-.^llip S. Atlantic 
sqnail., 1869. — I la me si i/. 

TreSCOtt, William EIesuy, of Beaufort, 
S.C. I). Charleston, S.C, 1822. Sec. of le^M- 
tioii to Kri^;. in 1852-3; unilcr-sic. of state at 
Washlu-ion. D. C, 1857-60. Author of 
" Diplomacy of the Amer. Revolution;" "A 
Few Thuu;;hts on the Forei;;n Uelaiiunsoftho 
US.," 12mo, 1849 ; " Admliiisirailon of Wa.-li- 
iu;,'ton anil Adams," 1857 ; " Aincncan View 
of the Eastern Question," 1854; Address be- 
fore the S.(". Hist. Society, 1859. 

Trevett, C'.vi-t. John, a Uevol. patriot : d. 
Newport, IM.. Nov. 1823, a. 76. In Nov. 1775 
he entered as a midshipman on hoard " The C'o- 
luuihus," Cajit. Whipple, and was soon pro- 
nioiud to a lieut., in which capacity he served 
under Com. lIo|)kins, and in 1776 was attached 
to "The Andrea Doiia," Capt. Biddle. He 
com. the maiiues in "The Providence," Capt. 
Hacker, and was active in the capture of New 
I'rovidence. He joined tlie frigate " Trum- 
bull " in 1780, loslnf;j bis right eye in an en- 
gagement ; then cruised in " The Deane," in 
one of whose prizes he was taken, and carried 
to .St. John's, !uul remained there two years. 

Trevett, Capt. Samuel R., a Uevol. offi- 
cer, b. .Marl.lehcad, Ms., 1751 ; d. there Jan. 
19, 18'i2. He disiing. himself by coolness and 
gallantry at the battle of Bunker's Hill, where 
he com. a company of artillery, and again in 
the K.I. exped. in Aug. 1778. ' In 1812 Capt. 
T. was captured by a British vessel as he was 
returning from Sweden, where he had resided 
four vears, engaged in trade. From July, 1814, 
till liis death, he com. the U.S. revenue-cutter 
at Boston. Uis son Samuel Ri;ssell, M.D., 
surgeon U.S.N., b. Marblebead 20 Aug. 1783, 
d. Norlblk, Va., 4 Nov. 1822. 11. U. 1804. He 
began practice at Boston, but was app. to the 
navy ; served in the frigate " U.S." when she 
captiire<l " The Macedonian ; " was in " The 
President" when captured by the British 8eet 
ill 1815; and disiing. himself by his heroic 
conduct on the burning steamboat " Phoenix " 
on Lake Champlain in Sept. 1819. 

Trigg, Col. Stepues, b. Va. ; killed at 
ilie battle of the Blue Licks, Ky., Aug. 19, 
1782. He came to Ky. in the fall of 1779 as a 
luemher of the court of land-commissioners ; 
Si tiled at the mouth of Dick's River, and soon 
became noted for his activity against the In- 
dians. 

Trigg, M.vj. William, an carlv emig. to 
Kv. ; d. there Dee. 11, 1837. Maj.'28th U.S. 
Inf. M.irch II, 1813 ; acting aide to Brig.-ficn. 
il()|)kins in ihe battle of the 1 haines ; resigned 
Aiir. 27, 1814. He filled ablv manv important 
oriicc-. 

Trimble, Allen, lawyer and politician, 



b. Augusta Co., Va., Nov. 24, 1783 ; d. Hill* 
borough, 0., Feb. 2, 1870. His father Capt. 
James emig. in 1784 to Le.\ingtiin, Ky., anil d. 
there in Oct. 1804. Allen then settled in Hi;;h- 
land Co., O., where he was clerk of the courts, 
and recorder, in 1809-16; coin, a mounted 
regt. under Harrison in 1812-13; Stale repre- 
sentative in 1816; State senator in 1817-26, 
and speaker in 1819-20; acting gov. of O. 
1821-2; gov. 1826-31); and pre.-, of ihe first 
State Board of Agrie. 1846-8. While yov. he 
urged the exteuaion and iiuproveineiit of the 
commou-sehool sysleni, the ciiconrageinent of 
niannlactnriugcompanies, and tlie anuliora 
tion ol the penitentiary system. — A. T. Cuod- 
man. 

Trimble, Gex. Isiac R., b. Va. ah. 1800. 
West Point, 1822. lie entered the 1st Alt., 
but resigned May 31, 18.32, and became a civil 
engr., and was em|)loyed in 1832-49 upon vari- 
ous railroads. A resident of BaliimoiT;, he 
took part in the seccssio'n inoveniciiis there; 
but, on its occupation by l!ie nati.'iial forces, 
withdrew to the South, and was made a bi ig.- 
gen., afterward a maj.-gen., and wounded at 
Uetiysburg, hxing his lelt foot. 

Ti'imble, I{oi!Eht, jurist, b. Berkelev Co., 
Va., 1777 ; d. Aug. 25, 1828. When be'wiis 3 
years old, his fatlier moved to Ky. With little 
education, he improved his .scanty opportuni- 
ties; taught school; studied law with George 
Nicholas; was adm. to practice in 1803; set- 
tled at Paris, and was chosen to ihe Icgisl. from 
Bourbon Co. Ui: ever after declined political 
preferment, and devoted himself to his proles- 
sion. Made judge of the Court of Appeals in 
1808; in 1810 chief justice of the Siaie ; dist.- 
atty. 1813; judge of the Ky. dist. 1816-26; 
judge U.S. Supreme Court 1826-8. His bro. 
John (b. Clark Co., Ky., 1783, d. Harrison 
Co. 17 June, 1852) was a circuit judge, and 
subsequently a judge of the Court of Ap.ieals. 

Trimble, William A., soldier and senator, 
b. Woodford, Kv., 4 Apr. 1786; d. Washing- 
ton, D.C., 13 Dec. 1821. Son of Capt. James. 
Educated at Transylv. U. Studied law with 
bis relative Jud;;e Robert Trimble, and after- 
ward at Litchfield, Ct., and settled in practice at 
Highland, ()., in 181 1. Adj. in the regt. of bis 
bro. Col. Allen Trimble in 1812; major of U. 
Vols. 7 May, 1812; maj. 26th Inf. Mar. 1813; 
brev. lieut.-iol. for gallantry at Fort- Erie sortie, 
Sept. 17, 1814, in which be was severely wound- 
ed; lieut. eol. 1st Inf. 30 Nov. 1814-1 March, 
1819; U.S. senator from 0. 1819-21 ; commis- 
sioner with Gen. Cass in 1821 to treat wish 
the North-western Indians at Green Bay. 

Trippe, John, a gallant officer of the U.S. 
navy; d. at sea, ofT Havana, 9 July, 1810, in 
com". U.S. brig " Vi.xcn." He entered ihc ser- 
vice as sailing-master 6 May, 1803, and was 
made lieut. 9 Jan. 1807. Served under Preblu 
in attacks on Tripoli, Jnly-Sept. 1804. 

Trist, Nicholas P., of Louisi.ma, b. Va. 
Educateil at West I'oint, and aciing assi.-tant 
jirof. of French 1819-20; chief clerk of the 
State dept. 1845; U.S. eommiss. during the 
war with Mexico, and iimde the ti.aty of 
Gaudalonpe Hidalgo, Jan. 1848; late U.S. 
consul to Havana. The intimate friend of 
I'rcs. Jackson. Married u grand-daughter of 



T^O 



920 



TRO 



Tliomas Jefferson. Translator from the French 
of a I reatise on Milch Cows. 

Trollope, Frances, author, b. Stapleton, 
^car Bristol, Eng., 1790; d. Florence, Italy, 
Oct 6, 186.3. She was the dan. of Wm. Mil- 
ton, an English curate ; mar. Thomas Anthony 
TroUoijc in 1809, and, after visiiin>>: the U.S., 
be^'an iicr career of authorship with " The Do- 
incsiic Manners of tlic Americans." A great 
outcry was raised here by this publication, and 
unmerited obloquy long rested upon her name. 
Her viiiws and impressions were fmther em- 
bodied ill her novel, " The Refugees in Amer- 
ica." In IS.'iG appeared "The Adventures of 
Jonathan Jelferson Whiilaw," a nov«l repre- 
senting the condition of the colored races of 
the Southern States. She afterward resided 
in Fluronce, writing novels, and books of travel. 
]lcr son Anthony, a well-known novelist, has 
written a book of American travels, entitled 
" Nurih America." Another son, Thomas 
ADOI-rtil'S, is also awell-known novelist. 

Trollops, Sir Henry, a British admiral, 
b. Norwich, Eng. ; d. Freshford, near Bath, 
Nov. 2, 1839, a. 83. Entering the navy in 
1770, be was present at the battles of Lexing- 
ton and Bunker's Hill; was afterwards at the 
siege of Boston ; was employed by I^ord Dun- 
more in Virginia ; and assisted at the tiiking of 
Khodc Island. In 1777 he was app. 3d lieut. 
of " The Bristol" (.W guns), and assisted at the 
attack of Forts Montgomery and Clinton, and 
afterwards of Phila. and Mud Island. He was 
made a posi-ca])t. in 1781 ; was knighted for 
his participation in the victory of Camper- 
down ; Was made full admiral in 1812; was a 
K.C.B. and a G.C.B. 

TroOSt, Gerard, M.D., naturalist, b. Bois 
le Due, Holland, March 15, 1776; d. Nash- 
ville, Tenn., Aug. 14, 1850. He was educated 
at Amsterdam and Lcyden, studied medicine, 
chemistry, and other branches of science, and 
aciiuircd distinction as a crysiallographer. He 
practised medicine a short time at Amsterdam 
and the Hague; then served in the army, first 
as a private soldier, and afterward as an officer 
of the Krst rank in the medical dept. In 1807 
he was sent by Louis Bonaparte, then king of 
Holland, to Paris, to pursue his favorite studies 
in natural science. He then translated into 
the Dutch liuinboldt's "Aspects of Nature." 
The Dutch govt, in 1809 sent him on a scien- 
tific mission to the E. Indies ; but he was taken 
by a French privateer, and conveyed to Dun- 
kirk. After residing about a year at Paris, he 
embarked for America, where he arrived in 
1810. He Hist settled in Pbila. ; was one of 
the founders and first pres. (1812-17) of the 
Acad, of Natural History; and estab. in 1814 
at Cape Sable, in Md., the first alum-factory 
in the U.S. In 1821 he was app. prof, of min- 
eralogy in the Phila. Museum; in 1825 re- 
moved to New Harmony with Owen, McClure, 
and others; and in 1827 was app. prof, of 
cbcniistiy, mineralogy, and geolo'_'y in the U. 
of Nashville ; which post he filled during the 
rest (if bis life. He was for 18 years preced- 
ing his deaib State geologist, and pub. Reports 
on the geology of Tenn., and Memoirs in the 
'•Trans "of the societies of Paris and Phila. His 
mineral and geo'ogical cabinets, as well a? bis 



other scientific collections, arc said to have 
been the largest in the U.S. A discourse by 
Pres. Lindsley on his life and character has 
been published. 

Trott, Nicholas, LL.D., Jurist and schol- 
ar, b. Eng. 1G63; d. Charleston, S. C, 1740. 
After having been gov. of the Bahamas, he be- 
came a resident of S.C. ; was dieted speaker 
of the House of Assembly in 1700; was a 
councillor in 1703 ; and at a later period he be- 
came a judge. He was dee|ily versed in the 
Latin, Greek, and Hebrew languages, as well 
as in the principles of jurisprudence, and dur- 
ing nearly 40 years was among the most influ- 
ential men in the province. He revised and 
pub. the laws of S.C. before 1734, 2 vols, fob, 
173G; also pub. " Clavis Lingute Sanctte," 
1719; "Laws relating to the C.iurch and the 
Ckrgy in America," Lond., 1721. 

Trotter, Gen. George, b. Va. 1779; d. 
Lexin;,'Ion, Ky., 13 <3ct. 1815. Son of Lieut. - 
Col. J^mes. App. capt. vol. Dragoons; dis- 
ting. and wounded in action under Col. J. B. 
Campbell with the Indians 18 Dec. 1812 ; lieut.- 
col. com. Kv. Vols. 1813; brig.-gcn. at battle 
of the TbiiiiicsS Oct. 1813. 

Troubat, Francis J., of the Phila. bar; d. 
Kainey, near I'aris, France, I86S, a. GO. Au- 
thor of " Law of Limited Partnership in the 
U.S.," 8vo, 1S53; and, with Wm. H. Haley, 
"Practice and Proceedings in the Sup. Ct. of^ 
Pa. 1825-9," 2 vols. 8vo. Edited Eng. Exch. 
Reports, 6 vols. 1835; " Chitty on Contracts," 
1834, &c. — Ailihone. 

Troup, George McIntosh, statesman, b. 
on the Toinbigbee River, Ala., Sept. 8, 1780 ; 
d. Lawrence Co., Ga., May 3, 1856. N.J. Coll. 
1797. Studied law; member of the Ga. legisl. 
in 1800-3 ; M.C. in 1807-15; U.S. senator in 
1816-18, 1829-34; and gov. of the State in 
1823-7. He was an advocate of State-rights, 
and the cham)iion of State sovereignty, an im- 
passioned speaker, and a imin of great integri- 
tv. — .*5'f-e Life hi) E. .7. Harden, 8vo, Savan- 
nah, 1859. 

Troup, Col. Robert, LL.D., a Revol. offi- 
cer, b. N V. 1757; d. New Y.iik, ,Lan. U, 1832. 
Col. Coll. 1774. Ho studied law in the oflSce 
of John Jay ; joined the army at Long Island 
as a lieut. early in 1776; was shortly after app. 
aide to Gen. WoodbuU ; and was taken jirison- 
er at the battle on Long Island, Aug. 27, ami 
confined some time in the Jersey prison-ship, 
and afterward in the Provost Prison in New 
York, but in the spring of 1777 was exchanged, 
and joined the army in N.J. He joined Gen. 
Gates as aide at Saratoga in Aug., and was 
present at the battle of Stillwater and at ilie 
surrender of Burgoyne, Oct. 17,1777. In Feb. 
1778 he was app. by Congress sec. of the 
board of war, of which Gen. Gates was pres , 
and on its dissolution in 1779 went to N. J., 
and completed his hiw-studics with Judge Pat- 
terson. Alter the peace. Col. Troup was judge 
of the U.S. Dist. Court of N.Y., and held that 
office several years, and was member of the 
State legisl. He pub. in 1822 a letter on the 
lake-canal policy of N.Y. ; " Vin<lication of 
the Cbiiin of Elkaiiali Watson," 1821 ; and 
" Remarks on Triiiity-Cliurch Bill," 1813. He 
was the warm personal and political friend of 



TRO 



921 



nnmllfon. Resideil many years at Geneva as 
principal nL'ent of the great Pulieney estate. 

Trousdale, William, soldier and states- 
man. I>. Tinn. App. col. Tenn. mounted vols, 
in Florida war, June 14,1836; col. 14th Inf. 
March 3, 1847 ; brev. brig.-gcn. for ;rallant 
and merit, conduct in battle of Chapultepcc, 
Aug. 1848, in which he was twice severely 
wounded; gov. of Tenn. 1849-51; envoy-ex. 
and niin.-pU'uipo. to Brazil 1853. 

Trowbridge, Edmund, jurist, b. Newton, 
Ms., 17O0 : d. Cambridge, April 2, 1793. H.U. 
1728. He bore for some time the name of 
Goffe, after an uncle. He became a disting. 
lawyer; was in 1749 app. atty.-gen. ; and in 
1767 was promoted to the bench of the Su- 
preme Court, in which capacity he presided 
with uprightness and ability at the trial of the 
British soldiers arraigned for murder, March 5, 
1770. In 1766 he was left out of the council 
by the popular party. Although attached to 
the royal govt., he "did not ap])rove of all its 
measures; and in 1772, alarmed at the revol. 
appearances, he resigned his office. Reputed to 
be the most profound lawyer in New England 
prior to the Ucvolution. 

Trowbridge, John Townsend, novelist 
and poci, b. Ugden, N. Y., 18 Sept. 1827. 
Brought up on his father's farm ; but his fond- 
ness for books determined his future career. 
At 19 he went to N. Y. City, wrote for the 
press, and at 20 came to Boston, where he be- 
came known as a wriier of jiopidar tales over 
the signature of " Paul Creyton." He ed. the 
Yimlcee Nalion in 1850; now (1871) edits Our 
Youtifj Follcs; and has pub. "Father Bright- 
hopes," 1853 ; " Nei'.'hbor Jaekwood " (written 
while in Europe in 1855), soon followed by his 
dramatic version of the same; "The Old Bat- 
tle-Ground," 1 859 ; "Cud jo's Cave," a war novel, 
1863; and " The South,'" the result of travels 
in the Southern States, 1866. "The Vaga- 
bonds," a highly-successful poem, contrib. by 
him to the AlUiiitic MoiilMi/ \n 1863, was pub. 
in hook-form in 1864, with illustrations by 
Darlcy, ami again in 1869 in "The Vagabond's 
and Other Poems." For Our Yowig Folks 
he has written "Lawrence's Adventures," re- 
published in 1870. His latest work, " Coupon 
Bonds," is a coll. of graphic and entertaining 
magazine stories. Contributor to the Allanlic 
Monl/ili/ of many stories, sketches of travel, 
poemsi &e. Kesidcs at Arlington, near Boston. 

Truett, (iEORGE, gov. Del. 1808-11; d. 
Canulen, Del., 8 Oct. 1818, a. 62. 

Trumbull, BEXJAMiM,r).D. (Y.C. 1796), 
divine and historian, b. Hebron, Ct., 19 Dec. 
1 7.!5 ; d. North Haven, Ct., 2 Feb. 1 820. Y.C. 
1759. Pastor of North Haven from 1760 to 
his d. He was assisted in his education by Dr. 
AVhcelock, founder of Dartmouth Coll., who 
preached the sermon at his ordination. He 
served in the Revol. war both as a chaplain 
and a vol. soldier. After the war, he pub. a 
pamphlet sustaining the claim of Ct. to the 
Susquehanna I^urchase, which influenced the 
decision of Congress in her favor. Author 
of a History of Ct. 16.30-1764, and to the 
close of the Indian Wars, 2 vols. 8vo, 1797 
and 1818 ; " Ilistorv of the U.S. to 1765," vol. 
i. 1819; " Twelve discourses," 1790.* 



Trumbull, James Hammond, LL.D 
(Y.C. 1871), philological and hist, writer, b 
Stonington, Ct., 20 Dec. 1821. Son of Gur- 
don and Sarah A. (Swan). Entered Y.C. in 
1838, prevented, hy loss of health, from prose- 
cuting the stuily of a profession. A resident 
of Hartford since 1847. A]ip. State librarian 
in 1854; assistant see. of state 1858-61 ; see. 
1861-5; many years a member Ct. Hist. Soe., 
its corresp.-sec. 1849-63, and pres. since 1863 ; 
member also of many other hist, societies ; and 
for some vears has been librarian of the Wnlkin- 
son Free'Library. In 1842-3 he aided Rev. J. 
H. Linsley in compiling catalogues of the mam- 
malia, rcjitiles, fishes, and shells of Ct. {Amer. 
Jour, of Science). In 1850-9 he ed. and pub. 
3 vols, of the " Ct. Colony Records" (16.36-89). 
About 1858 he began to study Amer. alwrigi- 
nal languaws, and was active in founding the 
Amer. Philolog. Assoc, iii 1869. In 1855 he 
m. Sarah A. Robinson. Editor of Lcclil'ord's 
" Plain Dealing," with introd. and notes, 1867 ; 
Roger Williams's " Key into the Language of 
America." with introd. and notes (in vol. i. 
Narr, Club's pubs., Prov. 1866) ; " The Defence 
of Stonington against a Brit. Squad, in 1814," 
1864 ; " origin of McFingal," 1868; of a part 
of the first and all of the second vol. Colls. 
Ct. Hist. Soc. ; and contrib. of more than 50 
articles to periodicals, and the Proc. of societies 
upon Indi.in names and upon hist, subjects. 

Trumbull, John, LL.D. (Y.C. 1818), 
poet, 1). Westbury, since Watertown, Ct., Apr. 
24, 1750; d. Detroit, Mich.. May 10, 1831. 
Y.C. 1767. Son of John, minister of Water- 
tovm, a good classical scholar, who d. Dec. 13, 
1787, a. 72. Possessing an extraordinary pre- 
cocity, he was at the age of 7 adm. to college; 
though his extreme youth, and his subse(iuent 
ill-health, prevented his residingthcrc until 1763. 
With Timothy Dwight, in 1769 he wrote a 
scries of essays in the manner of the S'/jectalor 
for a gazette printed in Boston, and subsequent- 
ly similar essays for the New-Haven ])apers. 
From Sept. 1771 to Nov. 1773, when he was 
adm. to the bar of Ct., he was a tutor in Y.C, 
during which time he i]ub. " The Progress of 
Dulncss," — a poem designed to expose the 
absurd method of education which then pre- 
vailed. Entering the office of John Adams in 
Boston in 1773, he found himself in the centre 
of American politics. Warmly espousing tho 
]iopidar side, he employed his leisin-e in writing 
political essays for tho public gazettes ; and, just 
before Icaviiig Boston, he anonymously pub. 
his " Elegy on the Times." Comraencmg a 
successful practice at New Haven in Nov. 
1774, he wrote during the next year the first 
part of " McFingal," which was pub. in Phila. 
In Nov. 1776 he m. Sarah, dau. of Col. Lev- 
erett Hubbard of N. Haven ; in May follow- 
ing he returned to his native place, whence he 
removed to Hartford in June. 1781. Having 
conqiletcd the poem of " McFingal," it was 
pub. at Hartlbrd before the chw- of 1782. It 
IS a burlesque epic in Hudibrasiic verse, direct- 
ed against the enemies of American lilwrty 
(his " Poetical Works " appeared at Hartford 
in 2 vols. 1820), and has passed through many 
editions, — the latest in 1864, with notes by B. 
J. Lossing. After the peace, Trumbull, in 



922 



cotijunctiou with Co.. rlumphrcys, Barlow, and 
Dr. Lfimiel Hopkins, wrote a series of essays 
entitleil "American Antiquities," extensively 
]jriiiteil l>y the papers throuf,'hout the Unioii, 
and (le.-iLiiieil to elieek, by the boldness of its 
satire, tlie ^jiirit of anarchy and disorganization 
then ]irevalent. These essays consisted of sup- 
pressed extracts from a poem which they styled 
" The Anarchiad." State-atty. for Hartford, 
Ct., in 1789-95 ; was an active and influential 
member of the Icjiisl. in 1792; in May, 1800, 
was asjain a member of the lcr;isl. ; and in 
1801-19 was a judge of the Superior Court; 
in 1803 he received from the legisl. the addi- 
tional app. of judge of the Court of Errors. 
He was several years treas. of Y.C., and in 
1825 rem(jved to Detroit, Mich., spending the 
rest of ills days with his dau., the wife of Gov. 
Woodbridue. 

Trumbull, Col. Jons, painter, b. Leba- 
non, Ct., 6 June, 1756 ; d. N.Y. City 10 Nov. 
184.3. H.U. 1773. Son of Rev. Jonathan. 
Joining the 1st Ct. Regt. as adjutant, an accu- 
rate sketch of the works around Boston attract- 
ed the notice of Washington, who, in Aug. 
1775, apj). him second aide-de-camp. He was 
soon app. major of brigade; in June, 1776, re- 
ceived from Gen. Gates the app. of adj.-gen., 
with rank of eol. ; dcp. adj.-gen. northern de- 
partment, 12 Sept. 1776; but retired from the 
army 22 Feb. 1777, Congress having refused to 
date his commission from the time of his app. 
by Gates. He then resided in London as the 
pupil of West the painter, but, upon Andre's 
execution, was, in retaliation, thrown into pris- 
on, where he remained 8 months. He painted 
the "Battle of Bunker's Hill" in 1786, the 
" Death of Montgomery " soon after, and in 
1788 the "Sortie of the Gan-ison of Gibral- 
tar," now in the Boston Athena;um. In 1789- 
93 he was in the U.S., painting the portraits 
for his historical pictures, — the " Declaration 
of Inilcpcndence," "Surrender at Saratoga," 
" Suirciider of Cornwallis," and the " Resig- 
nation of Washington at Annapolis," which 
now adorn the rotunda of the capitol at 
Washington. In 1794 he was see. to Jay's 
mission in Great Britain, and in 1796 a com- 
miss. to carry into execution the 7th article of 
the treaty. Returning to New York in 1 804, 
he again visited London in 1808, but, finding 
every thing American there unpopular, again 
came to N.Y. ; was pres. of the Acad, of Fine 
Arts in 1816-25. His picture of Washington, 
painted in 1792, presented by the Cincinnati to 
Yale Coll., was regarded by the artist as the 
finest portrait of Washington in existence. It 
rei>rcsents him on the evening before the battle 
of Princeton, meditating his retreat. The 
Trumbull Gallery at Yale Coll. contains 57 
pictures by him, presented to that institution 
in consideration of an annuity of .§1,000 to be 
paid him during his life; the profits of their 
exhibition after his d. to be applied towards the 
education of needy students. This is the lar- 
gest and most important collection of the 
works of any Anier. painter. Besides the 
. above-named are " Battle of Trenton," " Sur- 
render of the Hi'ssians at Trenton," "Death 
of Mercer," " The Woman taken in Adul- 
tery," " Snfllr Little Children to come unto 



Me," copies of the old masters, &c. — 5« 
Tniinhuirs Aiilntiioq., N.Y., 8vo, 1841. 

Trumbull, Jonathan, LL. D. (Y. C. 
1779, Edinb. 1785), gov. of Ct. 1769-83, b. 
Lebanon, Ct., 10 June, 1710 ; d. 17 Aug. 1785. 
H.U. 1727. Descended from John of Rowley, 
Ms., 1640-3. Alter preaching a few years, he 
studied law, in which profession he attained 
eminence ; became a member of the Assembly 
at 23 ; and by his business-talents gained the 
public esteem. Chosen lieut.-gov. in 1 766, he 
became by virtue of his office chief justice of 
the Superior Court. Boldly refusing in 1768 
to take the oath enjoined on royal officers, he 
was chosen gov. in 17G9, and Wiis the only 
colonial gov. who espoused the cause of the 
people. He was considen-d the Whig leader 
m N.E. while the Adanir-es and Hancock were 
in Congress, antl during tlie wliole contest w.is 
relied on by Washington as one of his main 
pillars of support. The ])hrase sometimes 
used by him, " Let us see what Brother Jona- 
than says," is sup])Osed to have originated tlic 
humorous term frequently applied to the U.S. 
— See Life, of Trumbull ly Isnuc Sluaii. ■ 

Trum.bull, Jonathan, gov. of Ct. 1798- 
1809, son of the preceding, h. Lebanon, Ct , 
'Mar. 26, 1740; d. Aug. 7, 1809. H.U. 17.J9. 
An active and influential member of the State 
legisl. during several sessions before and at the 
tommenceraent of the Revol., and speaker of 
the house. In 1775-8 was paymaster to the 
northern dept. of the army; in 1780 was app. 
see. and first aide to Washington, whose friend- 
ship and confidence he enjoyed, and in whose 
family he remained until the close of the war. 
M.C. in 1789-95 ; speaker 1791-5 ; U.S. sena- 
tor in 1795-6; lieut.-gov. of Ct. 1796-8. 

Trumbull, Col. Joseph, eominiss.-gen. 
Revol. arrnv, Julv 19, 177.5-Aug. 2, 1777, b. 
11 Mar. 1737; d.'23 Julv, 1778. H.U. 1756. 
Son of Gov. Jonathan (1769-83). Member 
Old Congress in 1774-5, and a commissioner 
for the board of war 27 Nov. 1777 to 18 Apr. 
1778, when he resigned in ill-health. A com. 
of Congress having made a highly culogi.-iic 
report on his services, 31 Mar. 1779. that body 
voted to his heirs a commission on the sums 
received and issued and the purchases made 
by him. 

Trumbull, Joseph, LL.D. (Y.C. 1849), 
statesman, b. Lebanon, Ct., Dee. 7, 1782; d. 
Hartford, Aug. 4, 1861. Y.C. 1801 .' Grandson 
of Gov. Jonathan (1769-83). Adm, to the bar 
in Windham in 1803; he settled in Hartford 
in 1804; retired from practice in 1828, and 
became pres. of the Hartlord Bank. He repre- 
sented Hartford in the legisl. in 1832, '48, and 
'51 ; was M.C. in 1834 for an unexpired term, 
and in 1 839-43 ; and gov. in 1 849-50. He was 
a great friend of internal improvements, and 
was pres. of a railroad company. 

Trumbull, Lyman, jurist and senator, b. 
Colchester, Ct., 12 Oct. 1813; of the same 
family as the preceding. Educated at Colches- 
ter Acad. ; taught a dist. school ; and at 20 took 
charjieof an acad. at Greenville, Ga., where he 
studied law ; and was adm. to the bar in 1837, 
and settled in Belleville, III. Member of the 
III. legisl. in 1840; sec. of state in 1841-2; 
justice of the Supreme Court of 111. 1848-53 : 



TRXJ 



923 



TUC 



M.C. in 1854 chosen to the U.S. sen.ite by 
the 111. legisl. in 1853; re-eleetcd in I860 and 
1866 ; since 1861 chairman of the senate judi- 
ciary com. He owed his election to the senate, 
over Gen. Shields, to his opposition to the re- 
peal of the Missouri Compromise. Removed 
to (•hie:i;:o in 1863. 

Truxton, Thomas, commodore U.S.N., 
b. Lunj; Island, Feb. 17, 1755; d. Phila. May 5, 
1822. He comnieneed a seafaring life at the 
age of 12 ; was impressed, and served a short 
time on board a man-of-war. Early in 1776 
he was lieut. of the private armed ship " Con- 
gress," and brought one of her prizes to New 
Bedford; in June, 1777, he com. "The Inde- 
pendence," fitted out by himself and Isaac 
Sears; and litf the Azores captured 3 valuable 
prizes. He afterwards made numerous prizes 
in " The Jlars ; " and in " The St. James " (of 20 
guns), in a severe engagement, disabled a Brit- 
ish ship of 32 guns, returning with a most 
valuable cargo from France. After the war 
he was extensively engaged in the E. India 
trade at I'hila. til! made capt. (June 4, 1794), 
and intrusted with the com. of the frigate 
" Coustellaiion." While cruising in the \V. 
Indies, he fell in with the French frigate 
" LTnsurgente," Feb. 9, 1799, and captured 
her, though of superior force, in consideration 
of ivhieh he received a service of plate from 
the merchants of Lloyd's coffee-house ; Feb. 1, 
1 800, he obtained a victory over " The Ven- 
geance " (of 54 guns and 500 men) ; though, in 
consequence of one of his masts falling, she 
afterwards escaped. For this action Congress 
gave him a gold medal. In 1801 he was trans- 
ferred to "The President" (44), and was commo- 
dore on the Guadaloupe station ; at one time 
he had a squadron of 10 sail under his com- 
mand. Being app. in 1802 to com. the expcd. 
against Tripoli, but denied the assistance of a 
capt. to con. his flag-ship, he declined the ser- 
vice, for wliicli Jefferson dismissed him. Hi^'h 
sheriff of Phila. 1816-19. He pub. Remarks, 
&c., relating to Latitude and Longitude, and 
Variation of the Compass, fob, 1794. 

Tryon, Capt. Moses, of the Revol. navy, 
afterward com. of the U.S. sloop of war " Con- 
necticut; d. Wethersfield, Ct., Jan. 1818, a. 
68. 

Tryon, William, LL.D. (King's Coll. 
1774), a colonial gov., b. Ireland; d. Lond. 
27 Feb. 1788. He was an officer of talent in 
the Biiiish army, and through his marriage 
with Miss Wake, a relative of the Earl of Hills- 
borough, colonial -sec, received the app. of lieut.- 
gov. of N.C. He arrived there 27 Oct. 1764 ; 
on the death of Gov. Dobbs, 20 July, 1765, 
succeeded him, and administered the govt, 
until advanced to that of N.Y. 3 July, 1771. 
In 1771 an outbreak by discontented individu- 
als, called " Regulators," was 8ui>pressed by 
him. and the prisoners were treated with great 
cruelty. Made col. 25 May, 1772; maj.-gen. 
29 Aug. 1777. He led in person the preda- 
tory expcd. against Danbury, Ct., which he 
destroyed in Apr. 1777 ; and in July, 1779, in a 
simdar exped., reduced to ruin the villages of 
Fairlield and Norwalk, staining his reputation 
bv conduct unworthy a soldier and a man. 
licigning the govt, of N.Y. 21 Mar. 1780, he 



returned to Eng., became a lieut.-gen 20 Nov 
1782, and col. 29th Foot 15 Aug. KS?. 

Tuck, Joseph IIenry, inventor, b. Dor. 
Chester, Ms., 12 March, 1812. Grandson of 
John (minister of Ejisom, N.H., and a chaplain 
Revol. army; d.Peekskill, N.Y., 7 Feb.l777,a. 
36; H.U. 1758). A grad. of the Boston High 
School ; learned the trade of watchmaking, 
and afterward, while employed in u candle- 
manuf., began tlie career in which he attained 
eminence with the invention of the endless wick. 
Establishing himself in London as a civil eng. 
in 1837, from that time until his return to the 
U.S. in 1865 he was constantly occupied in 
inventing and introducing improved machinery, 
&c. Among the 55 patents taken by him in 
different countries are those for a caiullc ma- 
chine, wrouglitiron and bitumen gas and 
water pipes, a ventilating machine, a dredging 
machine, a rotary engine, a new system of 
breakwater for harbors, and his ste.im-engine 
packing, — the most profitable of his inven- 
tions. He established, after great labor in 
overcoming prejudice, &c., tlie company to 
lay the first submarine electric-cable in 1848-9 
between Dover and Calais, but was robbed of 
his interests in it by those whom he had in- 
terested in and assisted in planning that great 
undertaking. His plans and improvements 
for excavating the Suez Canal were taken by 
the contractors; but illness compelled him to 
abandon further connection with the under- 
taking. These arduous labors impaired his 
health, and compelled his retirement from 
active life for several years. Since 1869 he has 
been occupied in extensive real-estate opera- 
tions and public improvements in Brooklyn, 
New York. 

Tucker, George, jurist, b. Bermuda, 
1775; d. Charlottesville, Va., 10 Apr. 1861. 
Wm. and Mary Coll. 1797. A relative of 
St. George Tucker. Practised law. Member 
Va. legist. ; M.C. in 1819-25, occupying a high 
position as a debater and constitutional law- 
yer ; and in 1825-45 was prof, of moral philos. 
and polit. economy in the U. of Va. He sub- 
sequently, while in retirement, prepared several 
useful works ; among them a " Life of Jeffer- 
son," 2 vols. 1837; "Progress of the U.S.," 
8yo, 1855; a "Political History of the U.S.," 
4 vols. 8vo, 1858; " Letters on the Conspira- 
cy of the Slaves in Va.," Svo, 1800; "Letters 
on the Roanoke Navigation," Svo, 1811; 
" Recollections of Ellen R. Tucker," 1 2mo, 
1819 ; " Es.says on Taste, Morals, and Nation- 
al Policy," Svo, 1822 ; " Valley of the Shenan- 
doah," 2 vols. 12mo, 1824; "Voyage to the 
Moon bv Joseph Atterlev," 1827 ; " Principles 
of Rent, Wages, and "Profits," Svo, 1837; 
" Literature of the U.S.," Svo, 1837 ; " Theory 
of Money and Banks," 1839; "Essays, Moral 
and Philos.," 1860; many contribs. to maga- 
zines and jom'nals. — Allifmnf. 

Tucker, Rev. Henry Hor.coMnE, D.D., 

a pr inent divine of the Bapti>t church, prcs. 

of the .\leivcr U. of Atlanta, Ga., b. Warren 
Co., Ga., 10 May, 1819. Author of " Pictures 
from an Ancient Artist;" "The Gospel in 
Enoch," Svo, 1869 ; " Dignity of the Ministe- 
rial Ottice," ord. sermon, Tuskegee, Ala., 1863. 

Tucker, Hesby St. George, LL.D. 



924 



TUC 



(Wra. and Mary Coll. 1837), jurist, b. 5 Jan. 
17SI; d. Winchester, Va., 2S Au<r- 1S48. 
Son oi' St. George Tucker. Received an ex- 
cellent education ; devoted himself to the law, 
in which he attained eminence ; was pi\>l'. of 
law in the U. of Va. ; M.C. 1813-19 ; chancel- 
lor 4th judicial dist., and pres. of the ^'a. 
Court of Apjieals; pa-s. \'a. Hist, and Philos. 
Soe. Author of " LcTturcs on Constitutional 
Law," 18-43; " Commentaries on the Law of 
Va.." 2 vols. 1836 ; Introd. Li-cturc at the 
Opening of the Ljiw School in the U. of Va., 
and Lectuix-s on Natural Law and Govern- 
ment, limo, 1824. His son, D.vvin Huxteh, 
some years a prof in the Jeff. Med. Coll., 
Phila.,' was educated at the Universities of Va. 
and of Va., and in Paris. Prof, of the practice 
of med. in the Med. Coll. of Va., and author 
of some medical works. 

Tucker, Josiah, D.D., an EngUsh di\-ine 
and poiit. writer, b. Langham, Wales, 1711; 
d. Gloucester, Eng., 4 Xov. 1799. Educated at 
St. John's Coll., Oxfonl. He took orders ; was 
many years rcttor of St. Stephen's, Bristol ; 
became a prebend there in 1 755 ; and fivm 
175S was dean of Gloucester. He wrote much 
upon religion and jiolit. economy, and produced 
several tracts on the dispute betwevn Ga'at 
Britain and the Amer. Colouii-s, recommend- 
ing at an early period of the contest their sepa- 
ration from tiie British empire, and the recog- 
nition of their independence. Dean Tucker 
was an able re:isoncr, well versixl in ixjlit. eion- 
oiny, and was almost the only Englishman of 
his time who took a vlear-headed view of the 
givat question at issue between the Colonies 
and the mother-country. 

Tuu'ker, Lither, a pioneerof agrieultnnil 
jonruali.-iu, b. Brandon, Vt., 1802. A printer. 
He in 182fi cstablisheil the I{tx-htsler Duilii Aii- 
verliscr, the tirst daily psiper west of Albany. 
In Jan. 1831 he began to issue the Genesee 
farmer, afterward consolidated with the Ailxin/i 
Ciiltlnitor ; and in 1852bcsran the Cou»tn/ (Sen- 
tlen„in. — Thomas. 

Tucker, Xathaxiel Beveslet, lawyer 
and novelist, son of St. Gex>iv« Tucker, b. 
Matoax, Va., Sept. 6, 1784; il. Winchester, 
Va., An-. 26, 1851. Wm. aiul M. Coll. 1801. 
He studiid law; settled in Charlotte Co. in 
1809, and in 1815 in Mo., when- he was a judge 
in 1815-30. From ls;)4 till his death, he was 
prof, of law in Wm. and Mary Coll. He pub. 
a work on "Pleading," lectures on the U.S. 
Coustitutiou,entitU'd "The Science of (Jovem- 
ment," and 2 novels, " George Baleombe " and 
" Gertrude ; " but his most remarkable produc- 
tion was an unfinisheil novel called " The Par- 
tisan Leader," first printed in 1837, and re- 
printed in 1861. He was a contributor to the 
Southern AVriVir, and had l>egun a Lite of John 
Randolph, his half-brother. He was a State- 
rights man, and had many of the traits of 
Randoljih. A son of the same name, a violent 
Beci'Ssiouist, who fled to Canada after the assas- 
sination of Pres. Lincoln, pub. the SentimI, 
iu\\>]'i\\KT, in Washington in 1834, and was 
ciin>ul at Livcqxx)l in 1856-60. 

Tucker, St. George, LL.D. (Wm. and 
M. Coll. 1790), jiurist and poet, b. Port Royal, 
Bermuda, 29 June, 1752; d. Edgewood, Kel- 



son Co., Va., Nov. 1827. Wm. and M. Coll 
1772. Ue studied law, but took arms at the be- 
ginning of the Revol., and planned and aided 
personally in the capture of a large amount of 
stores in a Ibrtiticaiion at Bernmda. At York- 
town, where he com. a regt., he was sevcrily 
wounded in a charge of inf.; a bayonet thrust 
through his knee-pan giving him a stiff knee 
for liie. In 1778 he m. Frances Bland, the 
mother of John Randolph. Alter the war, he 
was a inenibi'r of the ^ a. legisl. ; was one of 
the com. to a'vise and digest the laws of Va. ; 
also a prof, in Wm. and JL Coll. ; and one of 
the eommiss. to the conv. at Annapolis in 1786 
which ri-t'ommendcd that by which in 1787 the 
Federal Constitution w;is fonned. He was a 
judge in the State eourcs nearly 50 years ; was 
judge of the Court of Appeals iii 1803-11; 
app. judge of the U.S. Dist. Court in 1813; 
and was called " the American Blackstone." 
He possessed gnat literary taste, keen wit, 
and great amiability. Of his poetical works, 
some of which were satires under the title of 
" Peter Pindar," one vol. was collected and pub. 
His poem on Lilxrty was celebrated in the 
army ; and his stanzas, bigiuuing " Days of 
my youth," have heen much adniireil. He 
pub. an essay on the question, " Uow far the 
Common Law of England is the Common Law 
of the U.S. ; " a tixatLse on Slavery, 1 796 ; 
" Letter on the Alien and Sedition Laws," 
1799 ; and an anuotated edition of Blackstone 
in 1803. 

Tucker, SASirEL, a brave, able, and suc- 
cessful naval ollJeer of the Kevol., Ii. SLirblc- 
head, Ms., 1 Nov. 1747; d. Bnmen, Me., 10 
Mar. 1833. Son of a shipmaster, lie was ap- 
prenticed at 1 1 on lioard "The Royal George," 
and K-fore the Revol. was a capt." sailing from 
Boston to London. Commiss. a capt. in the 
Revol. navy 15 Mar. 1777, he took com. in Nov. 
of the frigate "Boston," in which, in Feb. 1778, 
he took out John Adams, minister to France. 
He to<ik many prizes in 1779 ; aided in the de- 
fence of Charleston, S.C. ; and was a prisoner 
from its capture in May, 17;^0, till June, 1781, 
when he took com. of " The Thorn," and made 
many prizes. At the close of the war he re- 
ceived the thanks of Congress for his services. 
In 1792 he si'ttled in Bristol, Me. In the war 
of 1812 he captured by a ruse a British vessel 
which had greatly annoyed the ^hippiug of 
Bristol and vicinity. Ue was several tiiues a 
member of the legisl. of Ms. ami of Me. — .'?ee 
LiJ, vf 'Tuc^; r hy.lohn II. .SA,/)/x;r,/, 8vo, 1868. 

Tucker, S.vrah, for 37 years a minister of 
the Society of Friends, b. Portsmouth, R.L, 
1779; d. i840. Author of Memoirs of her 
Life and Religious Experience, by herself, 
12mo, 1S48. — AllUvne. 

Tucker, Thomas TrDOR, st.-itesman of 
S.C, brother of St. George; d. Washini;ton, 
D.C., May 2, 1828. a. 83. Son of Hvniy of 
Port Royal, Bermuda. He was a patriot of 
the Revol. ; a delegate to the Cont. Consrre^^s 
in 1787 and '88; M.C. in 1789-93; and U.S. 
treas. 1794 to his d. Author of an Oration at 
Charleston, S.C, Kfore- the S.C. Soc. of the 
Cincinnati, 4lo, 1795. 

Tucker, Tilohmak M., gov. of Mpi. 1841- 
3, b. N.C.; d. Ala. 31 Apr. 1859; M.C. 1843-6 



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TUF 



Tuelcerman, Edward, prof, of liotany 
in Amh. Coll., h. Boston, 1817. Union Coll. 
1S37; U.U. 1847. Autlior of sovrial workson 
Ani'jric.'.n LicliL'HS; editor of " Ni'w Kii-lan4'.-i 
Rivriiics," liv Josselyn, \S60; coutril). or.'')4 rei- 
pcri unil T iho title'of " Ailivrsum " iiml " AV 
titia I.'diraria " to tlie iV. Y, Churchman, and 
of papers to various scientific journals. — AUi- 
boitr. 
■ Tuckerman, Hknry Theodore, poet, 
essayist, ;in'Uritii-,b. Boston, April iO, 181.3; d. 
New- York Citv, 1 7 Dec. 1 S71. Neiih.nv of Uev. 
Joseph. Studied in the sehools of Boston, and 
sous'ht impiowd health in a visit to Europe in 
1 833-1. Uesumin,:,' his studies, he a;;ain visited 
Europe in 1837-8, and in 1815 removed from 
Boston to N. York. In 1850 he received from 
H.U. th<> honorary df;;reo of Ma.ster of Arts. 
He Im- imhlished "The Italian Sk.'teh-Book," 
1835; "I-al.cl, orSicilv, aPilgrimaKe," 1839; 
"A Mouth in En-land"," 1853; " Thoughts ou 
the I'., es," the first of his collections from the 
i:iaja/in s, 1846; "Artist-Life, or Sketches of 
.\iii ri an Painters;" "A Memorial of Hora- 
tio r,v rnou^'li," ijrefixcd to his writings, 1853 ; 
two seii. s of paprrs entitled ■'.Charaeterislics 
of Literature illustrat<^d by the Grnius of Dis- 
tin-uishe.l Men," 1849-51 ; " Sketch of Amer- 
iean Literature," ajjpended to Shaw's text- 
book on EuLilish literature; a scries of "Men- 
tal Poitraits, or Studies of Character ; " " Life 
of Com. Silas Talliot," 1850; "The Opthuist, 
a collection of Essays," 1850; "Leaves from 
the Diarv of a Dreamer," 1853; "Poems," 
1851, the chief of which i9"The Spiiit of Poet- 
ry," un elaborate essay, in heroic vcrae, of 700 
lines; " Bio^Taphical Essays," 1857; "Ram- 
bles and Reviews," 1841 ; "America and her 
Commentators, with a Critical Sketch of Trav- 
el in the U.S.," 1864 ; " Book of the Artists," 
1867 ; a "Memoir of Dr. J. W. Francis," pre- 
fixed to " Old New York ; " " The Critciion," 
1866; "M.isa Papers about Paris," 1867; 
"Essay on Washington, with a paper on the 
Portraits of W.," 4to, 1 859 ; " A Sheaf of 
Verse," contrib. to the N. Y. Sanitary Fair, 
1864; "Life of J. P. Kennedy," 1S71. lie 
contrib. frequently to the -V. ^1.^ Rn-ifi-, Christ. 
Examiner, ikmocrutic lirview, Graham's Maaa- 
zine Southern fjt. Mi'Sscn;irr, Putnam's Montmy, 
the'Atlanlir Monlhli/, and other periodicals. 

Tuckerman, JosLpii, D.D. (11.U.1S24), 
a Unitarian clergvman and jjliilanthropist, b. 
Boston, Jan. 18, '1778; d. Havana, April 20, 
1840. H.U. 1798. Ord. pastor of the church m 
Chelsea, Ms., Nov. 4, 1801, where he continued 
till Nov. 4, 1826. He organized the Benevolent 
Fraternity of Churches tor the 8ui)port of a city 
mission called the "Ministry at Large," of 
which he liceame a minister. In this sphere he 
was disiing. for his untiring zeal, and for the 
success of.his labors among the poor. In 1812 
he was instrnnwntal in organizing the first 
charitable society establi-hed in the U.S. for 
the religions and moral improvement of sca- 
m'-n. He wrote, and the society pul)., in fur- 
therance of that object, elev.n tracts. In 1830 
he wrote an essay " On the Wage* paul to io; 
males," which gainrd a prize otUrcd m Pliila. 
On hi.- retnrn from Europe, where he bad jjro- 
motcd the orijanization of similar institutions, 



he pub. " Prinei;ilc3 and Results of tlie Minis- 
try at Larue," l'2mo, 1838. In 1811 he pub. 
"Seven l)i.-eourses on Misc;'!!. Subjects." — 
See Mentoir hi/ Man/ Carpenter, Svo, London, 
1849; Allibone. 

Tuckerman, Samuel Parkma:j, mus. 
doc., b. Boston, 1819. Alter 5 years of mu-ieal 
study in Eng., he received his degree from the 
aieliliisbop of Canterbury. Among his works 
are, " The Episcopal Harp," " Cathedral 
Chiir.ts," a collect, of psalm and hymn tunes, 
anthems, chants, &c., including the whole of 
the music used in Trinity Church, New York, 
and three complete morning-services. Co- 
author of " The National Lyre." — Allibone. . 
Tudor, CoL. William, judge, b. Boston, 
Mar. 28, 1750; d. July 8, 1819. H.U. 17G9. 
Son of Dea. John. Studied law with John 
Adams. Adm. to Suffolk bar, July 27, 1772 ; 
was an eminent counsellor ; a col. in the army, 
and judgc-adv.-gen. in 1775-8 ; attached to the 
stall' of the com.-in-chief. He was a member 
of the house and senate of Ms., and in 1809-10 
sec. of state. Col. Tudor was viee-pres. of the 
Cincinnati of Ms. in 1816, and was one of the 
founders of the Ms. Hist. Soc, in whose Col- 
lections appears an extended Memoir. He 
delivered an elegant and spirited oration on 
the Boston Massacre, Mar. 5, 1779 ; an address 
to the Cincinnati of Ms.; and a discourse to 
the Ms. Char. Fire Soc. 1798. 

Tudor, William, scholar and diplomatist, 
b. Boston, Jan. 28, 1779 ; d. Rio Janeiro, Mar. 
9, 1830. H.U. 1796. Son of the preceding. 
Returning to his native country from a visit to 
Europe, with an ardent desire for the improve- 
ment of bis fellow-citizens in arts and literature, 
he projected in Dec. 1814, and at first edited, 
the ^orlh-American Review, which has ever 
since ranked high in American literature. He 
had previously aided in founding the Anthology 
Club, ]iublishing his European letters in their 
magazine, the ilonilily Antholog;/, begun Nov. 
1803, continued until 1811, and supported by 
the best pens of the time in Boston. When a 
member of the Ms. legisl., he proposed manv 
plans in aid of his favorite object, several of 
which have since been accomplished. In Nov. 
1805 he founded the iie-traffic with tropical 
climes, as the agent of his bro. Frederic, which 
has grown to be an important branch of com- 
merce ; and was afterward engaged in other 
commercial transactions in Europe, requiring 
ability and address. Mr. Tudor was the origina- 
tor of the present Bunker's-hill Monument, and 
one of the founders of the Boston Athena:um in 
1807. In 1823 he was app. consul at Lima, and 
in 1827 was app. chanii d'affaires at the court 
of Brazil, where he negotiated a treaty, — his 
last public service. Besides his coniribs. to 
several periodicals, and his critiques in ihc .V. 
A. /leview, he iiiib. " Letters on the Eastern 
States," 1820; "Miscellanies," 1821; "Life 
of James Otis," 1823; " Gebel Teir," 1828. 
In 1809 he delivered the Fourth^jf-July oration 
at Boston; and in 1810 he prepared the Phi 
Beta Kappa address for Harvard. 

Tufts Cotton, M.D., phy.-ieian, b. Mod- 
ford Ms.! May 30, 17.)4; d. Weymouth, Ms., 
Dec. 8, 1815. H.U. 1749. Son of Dr. Simon, 
who was grandson of Peter, who emig. in 



026 



1 6H, and d. Maiden, Ms., 1 700, a. 82. He fi.xed 
Ills residence at Weymoiuh, where l,e was 
highly esteemed as a physieian ; was one of .he 
on^rinal memhers of the Ms. Medical Societv 
and pies 1 ,8,-95 ; and one of the founders 6t 
^le Acad, of Arts and Sciences. In 176.5 Dr 
1 lilts wrote tlie spirited and patriotic instnic- 
tioiis to the representatives of Wevmoutli 
a-ainst the Stamp Act. He was a State rep- 
resentative and counsellor; was for many 
years a d.sting. memher of the State senate 
and supported in the convention the adop^ 
tion ot Oie U.S. Constitution. He m Luev 
dau. of Col. John Quincy, and sister of Mrs! 
Smith, the mother of Mrs. John Adams. — 
J hactier. 
Tufts, JOH^, ministerofthe Second Church 

5 May 1689; d. Aug. 1750. H U. 1708 A 
descendant of Peter of Maiden. He p«b 
ordin discourse of B. Bradstreet, 1729; "Hiim- 
We Call to Arehippus;" sermon, 1729; "Introd 
to the Snife'in-of PsMlm-Tunes," 1714 (the first 
book of the kind pnb. in N. Eng.), wilh a col- 
lect, o tunes in three parts, 8th ed. 1731. 

lully J„iix, "New-EuHland astroloo-er " 
compiler of almanacs at Middletown, Ct.,lrom 
1681 to his d, 1701 ; b. England. ^' •"°™ 

Tully, Wti.Ln.M, M.D., physician, b. Say- 

fX OS '',«-";• '^'A'''- ''•S-pringfield,Ms^. 
hLh 28, I8a9. Y.C. 1806. He studied a 
Phila andin 1808 settled in practice at Mil- 
foid, Ct. Ab. 1815 be removed to Upper Mid- 
dletown, now Cromwell, Ct., where he became 
intimate with and adopted the method of treat- 
ment of Dr. Thomas Minor, and about 1820 
established himself at Middletown. In 18''0he 
pub. with Dr. Minor "Minor and Tully on 
Fever." I„ 1824 he removed to East Hartibnl 
Ct. He became eminent as a medical practi^ 
tioncr and teacher ; was man v years pres. of the 
Medica School at Castleton/Vt., and was prof 
Uiereof the theory and practice of medicine. 
He was also piof. of materia medica and thera- 
peutics in the medical institution of YC 18-^9' 
42; in 1851 he removed to Springfield, Ms 
His atter years were passed in poverty. His 
scholarship was varied and excellent. He uub 
several learned papers in the medical and 
other journals, besides the first vol. of an ex- 
ei,d_ed treatise on the materia medica, 4 vols 

Tapper, Gen. Benjamin, Revol. officer 
b_Stougluon,Ms., 1738; d. Marietta, O., June 
1756 fi?i '"''l "/"'''"^--J" 'I'o Fi-ench wa; 
Eas on 'kn > '^f'^"r'"-d ""Sht school at 
th. battle of Lexington, and disting. himself 
'n a boa exped. at Castle Island Boston 
harbor; l,eut.-col. of Ward's regt. Nov 4 

^n I7-6 h'l • "t "^ '.!'", ""> ^^'- R'^St. early 
■n 17,6, he. in Aug. of that year, com.lhe gun- 
boats and galleys in the Nonh River ■ in the 
tollowing campaign he served under Gates • 
was at the battle of Monmouih in 1778- and 
before the end of the war received the brev 
31, bng.-gen.; with Gen. Rufus Putnam be 
originated the Ohio L.nd Com.mny. He was 
app. surycyorof Ohio lands in 1785: disiine 
sllnlf • ",', '."P,P:'---^«''"K Shays's insurrection ;' 
settled in O. in 1 757, and became judge in 1788 



His son Edward W., brig.-g^n. of O Vols 
a.Tsi?"'"''"' "*''"'°" "• '»'-', '1- Gallipolis; 



Ms from .Nov 2o, 1 724, to his d. Dec 8 1778 
b. Boston, Feb. 5, 1 702. Il.U. 1721 He was 
an eminent preacher, and a patriotic citizen 
He pub. a Life of Dr. Colman, his father-in 
aw Svo, 749 ; " Dialogue about the Times " 
w ;; , sorne sermons. A tract of his on 
W^^clK-raft IS in Ms. Hist. Collections. 

l-os^'ifTr k""^' aT'',^^' ''•I^oston, Feb. 25, 
i,OS; tl. Medford, Ms., Mar '^6 \Ti^ n 
of Rev. Benjamin Colman. St.; e'arlv displa^'d 
precocious men t_al power, and wrote poe'trrat 
■T I r ^-^ .; '^^' ^''"^ "ini-ried Rev. Eben'e/er 
Tnrell of Mcdford. Sbo afterward wrme 

and°"on"T? f "■ '^''■h"" Blackmore's «"ks! 
and on "The Incomparable Mr. Waller-" "An 

Horace and some prose pieces. Her noems 

IZUt'k ''"''■ ^^ '"'■ '""'"""' ■'" i"£^ - 

Turgeon, Pierre Flavian, R.C. arch- 
bishop of Quebec, consec. June 11, 1851 • b 
Quebec, Nov. 12, 1787 ; d. there 25 Aug. 1867; 

Plesseri'sos ooP""' ''■ '""■ ^«^- "^ Bi''-'P 
^lesser 1808-20; many years a teacher in the 

TurnbuU, Lieut.-Col. George; d 
Bloomingdale, N. J., Oct. 1810. after 60 ,'ears' 
servjee ,n ,he Biitisli army ; lietit.-col. 3d Ime . 

ngofFortMontgomcry, Oct, 1777; distin- at 
the siege of Savannah in 1779. 30 Julv rso 

LTMount.''"^'^'^'^''"'"'^'-°"'''-^"P--^ 
TurnbuU, Robert, D.D. (Mad. U. 1851 1 
Baptist divmc, b. Wbiteburn, Linlithgowshire 
Scotland, Sep,. 10, 1809. U. of Glasgow. fe 
a tt.„Ied the lectures of Chalmers ami Wilson 
at Edinburgh ; studied theology umler Drs 
Duk and Mitchell; became a Bapfist; preached 
a short t.nie in Scotland and Eng.; and in 1833 
settled in Daubnry, Ct. App. ^„ '1835 a home 
missionary ,0 Michigan ; he' became pasto, of 
the Baptist church in Detroit ; in 1837 he took 
c^^arge of the South Baptist Church II. nflnl 

8hn'rc'h" R '? "'■ ""^1 H-v-d-^treet Ba^ist 
CImich, Boston; and since 1845 of the first 
Baptist Church, Hartford. He hts ,„ , " Tb 

Vinets Vital Christianity," wiih an intro 
duction and notes, 1845; '"The Geni.s of 
Scotland " 1847 ; " The Genius of Italv," S49 • 

Chrfr-'^ is"^^' "v-''" *I""'I'';^""i"" Of God ir^ 
.Vp?'- J.®''= Vinets "Miscellanies," 18,5-' ■ 
,o„'P', 9,™'"" °f France and Swiizerlnnd," 
1853 , Christ in History," 1856 ; and " Li(c- 
Pietures or Sketches from a Pastor's No e- 
^,n', •" v'^- ^'^ ''^'^ ""^""^ S''- '^^'m- Hnmil- 
If in, r"'"°r' °" Philosophy," with a 
h r-t. introd. ; and was for some vears senior 
edjtor of the «,/.,/„„ R,,;^ _;C!lLn 
ter ^V^^f"' «°«f"/^"'^s, political wri- 
ter, b. V Smyrna, Fla., Jan. 1775 ; d Chirles- 
ton, S.C. June 15, 1833. His mother was p 
Greek -lady of Smyrna in Asia Minor. The 



TTJR 



927 



TTTR 



fi'licr, an English physician, in connection with 
Ltjiil Hillsborou^'h, obtained giants from the 
English govt., ah. the year 1772, for setiiing a 
Grcfk colony in Florida, where he founded 
New Smyrna. Adhering to tlie popular side, 
Dr. T. forfeited his grants from govt., and 
removed to Charleston, S.C. The son wa.s 
edncaicd in England; studied law in Charles- 
ton and Pliila. ; was adm. to the bar, and prac- 
tised in Charleston until 1810, when he retired 
to his large plantation. His treatise on the 
penitentiary system (Lond. 1797) drew atten- 
tion both in America and Eng. ; his articles 
(tjrthe Charleston Meirun/ in 1327, subsequently 
collected and pub. under title of " The Crisis," 
beearne the text-book of the nullilieation party. 
In his treatise on " The Tribunal of Dernier 
Resort," pub. 18-30, he argued that " each State 
has the unquestionable right to judge of the 
inlVactions of the Constitution, and to interpose 
its sovereign pojvcrs to arrest their progress, 
and to protect its citizens." In IS.'Sl he was 
prominent in the " Free -trade Convention" 
which assembled at Columbia, S.C, and was 
the author of the report of that body ; in a 
t-imilar convention at Charleston, Feb. 18-32, 
he was also con.spieuous. July 4, 1832, he de- 
livered an oration before an assemblage of the 
nullification party, which is said to have had a 
great elfect upon the next election ; in Nov. 
1S.'32 he was a delegate to the S.C. nullification 
convention, and penned its address to the peo- 
ple. A lofty monument in Charleston, erected 
by the nullification party, commemorates his 
servici^s to their cause. — Apptclon. 

Turner, D.vsiel, commodore U.S.N., b. 
Newpun, R.I., 1792; d. Phila. Feb. 4, 18.50. 
Midshipm., Jan. 1,1808; lieut. March 12, 181.3; 
master com- March .3, 1825; capt- March 3, 
18-35. During the b.ittle of Lake Erie he com. 
" The Caledonia," and materially aided the gal- 
lant Perry in gaining that decisive victory, 
la testimony of this service, the State of N.Y. 
presented him with a sword of honor. In the 
autumn of 1814, while commanding one of the 
vessels co-operating with Col. Croghan, he was 
captured, and taken to Montreal. Ho was 
■ rigid in discipline, brave, and generous to a 
fiult. 

Turner, Edw.4.rd, politician and jurist, 
b. Fairfax Co., Va., 1778; d. Natchez, Mpi., 
May 23, 1860. lie removed to Mpi. in 1802; 
was a;)p. register of land-oflice, west of Pearl 
Kivcr, in 1803; mayor of Natchez 1814-21 ; 
was selected by the legisl. to make a digest of 
the laws of the Territory (pub. Natchez, 8vo, 
I81C) ; was several years in the legisl., and 
speaker of the house ; was member of the 
conv. which framed the State constitution ; 
and Wivs successively atty.-gen., judge of the 
Superior and Supreme Courts, chancellor of 
the State, and judge of the High Court of 
Errurs and Appeals. 

Turner, (Jeoroe, judge, b. Eng. 1750 ; d. 
Phila. 16 Alar. 1343. He joined thenrmy at the 
breaking-out of the war; was a capt. in the 
service; commanded in S.C; and disring. hi n- 
sclf in several severe engagements, cspcciallv 
in the affair of the '• Slangliler Pens." fle 
was the piMsonal friend of Washiiigrm, who 
com-nis-ioneJ hi n ju Igc of she X.\V. Terr- 12 



Sept. 1789. In 1 833 he removed to Philadel- 
phia. 

Turner, J.imks, statesman, b. Southamp- 
ton Co., Va., 1706 ; d. Uloonisliury, N.C, Jan. 
1.5, 1824. His education was that of the comm. 
schools of the country. He served as a private 
soldier in the Revol. Member of the N.C. 
legisl. in 1800 ; in 1802-5 was gov. of the State; 
and was U.S. .senator 180-5-16. 

Turner, Philip, a celebrated surgeon, b. 
Norwicli, Ct., 1740; d. York I-land in the spring 
of 1815. Ldt an orphan at the age of 12, he 
was taken into the f.miily of Dr. Elisha Tr.icy, 
who taught him medicine, and whose dan. he 
subsequently married. In 1759 he was app. 
assist, surgeon to a prov. rcgt. under (ieii. 
Amhorst at Tieondcroga ; at the peace ot 1 763 
he settled in Norwich, where at the Invaking- 
out of the Kevol. war, he was unrivalled as a 
surgeon ; in 1775 he was the first surgeon of 
the Ct. troops before Boston. He went with 
the army to N. York in 1776, and attended it 
at the battles of Long Island and White Plains ; 
in 1777 Dr. Turner w.is app. surg.-gen. of the 
Eastern dept., which station he filled with great 
ability till near the close of the war. He then 
resumed his private practice, but removed in 
1 800 to N. Y. City ; was shortly after app. a sur- 
geon to the staff of the U.S. army, and siatiuncd 
on York Island. A geneal. of the family has 
been prep, by Dr. T. L. Turner of Boston. 

Turner, S.\MBEi, Hurlbeart, D.D., bib- 
lical scholar, and clergvraan, b. Phila. Jan. 23, 
1790; d. New York, Dee. 21, 1861. U. of Pa. 
1807. Son of Rev. .Joseph. Ord. deacon in 
the Epis. Church in 1811 ; settled in a iiarish 
in Chestertown, Md., 1812 ; returned to Phila. 
in 1817; app. prof, of historic thcol. in the 
Gen. Theol. Sem. at N.Y. Oct. 7, 1S18, where 
he was prof, of biblical learning in 1821-31 ; 
and afterw.ard prof, of Hebrew in Col. Coll. 
In 1827 he prepared with Bishop W'hittingham 
a translation of Jahn's " Introduction to the 
Old Testament," and in 1834 Planck's " Intro- 
duction toSacred Criticism and Interpretation." 
He also pub. " Biograjjliical Notices of Jewish 
Rabbis," 1847 ; " Spirituid Things compared 
with Spiritual," 1848; " Essay on our Lord's 
Discourse at Capernaum, in John vi.," 1851 ; 
"Thoughts on Scriptural Propliecy," 1852; 
" Comuientaries on the New-Testament Epis- 
tles," 1852-3; "Companion to the Book of 
Genesis ; " " Claims of the Hebrew Lnngnage 
and Literature," 8vo, 1831; " Parallel Refer- 
ences of the New Test.," 1848 ; " Teachings <if 
the Master," 1858. His Autobiog. was pub. 
in N.Y. in 1863. — /l///tow; Dmjckiiick. 

Turner, Tiiom.vs, rcar-adm. U.S.N., h. 
Va. 21 x\|>r. 1808. Midshipm. Apr. 21, 1825; 
lieut. Dec. 22, 1835; com. Sept. 14, 1855; 
capt. Julv 16, 1862; conimo. Dec. 13, 1863; 
rear-adm." May 27, 1868 ; retired 21 Apr. 1870. 
He was actively engaged in the Mexican war, 
and was present at Tuspan, Apr. 7, 1847 ; com. 
the sloop of war " Saratoga," and captured 
two Spanish steamers in the harbor of Auton 
Lcyardo, .Mexico, Mar. 6, 1860 ; com. frigate 
" Xew Ironsides " in the attack on the forts in 
Charleston harbor, Apr. 7, 1863, handling his 
ship with judgment and ability; com. South 
Pacific squadron 1869-70. 



TUR 



928 



T"WI 



Turner, William Wadden, philologist, 
b. Loiicloa, 1810; d. Washington, D.C., Nov. 
29, 1839. He came to this country in 1818, 
and settled in New York as a journeyman 
printer. He acquired languages with great fa- 
cility, and learned Hebrew, Sanscrit, and oth- 
er Oriental languages, also those of modern 
Europe. Prof, of Oriental lit. in the Union 
Thcol. Sem. at Schenectady, N.Y., in 1842-52. 
From 1852 till his death he was librarian at the 
patent-office, Washington, and recording sec. 
of the Xiitional Institute. With Dr. Nordhei- 
mcr, be prepared a Hebrew chrestomathy. He 
went to N. Haven to print it, and worked upon 
it as a compositor by day, and prepared the 
manuscript at night. He translated the first 
vol. of Mackeldey's Compendium of Modern 
Civil Law (aided by Dr. Kaufmann), Von 
Raumer's US., and the article on Fine Arts in 
the " leonographic Encyclopaidia." He as- 
sisted in the preparation of the Latin-English 
Lexicon of Ficund. The Dakotah Grammar 
and Dictionary, and also the Yoruba Grammar 
and Dictionary, both pub. by the Smithsonian 
Institution, are substantially his works. 

Turreau, Louts Marie, baron, a French 
gen., h. 1736 ; d. 15 Dec. 1816. Entering the 
army young, he fought as a subaltern in the 
army of Kocharabeau for Amer. independence, 
and gained the rank of capt. He served as agcn. 
of division in La Vende'e, Italy, and Swit- 
zerland ; was in 1804 made baron; and was 
min.-plenipo. to the U.S. in 1804-11. He did 
not succeed in his efforts to draw our govt, into 
the adoption of a French policy, and after his 
return pub. in 1814 " Aper^ii siir la Situation 
Polili(jne d(s jSlats-Unis," a very bitter critique 
of the Federal govt., which, he says in the pref- 
ace, "the author has studied 8 years without 
being able to comprehend it." He also pub. 
Memoirs of the War of La Vendee. 

Tusten, Col. Benjamin, physician, com. 
the trou]is who, itnmcdiately after the destruc- 
tion of .Minisiiik by the Indians (July 20, 1779), 
pursued the savages, but who were ambushed, 
and defeated with the loss of 44 of their num- 
ber. Dr. Tusten was one of the victims, be- 
ing tomahawked while atteiuling to the wound- 
ed. 

Tuthill, A. G. D., painter, a pupil of Benj. 
West; d. Montpelier, Vt., June 12, 1843, a. 
67. 

Tuthill, Frank, M.D., journalist, b. Suf- 
folk Co., L.I., 1822; d. Brooklvn, N.Y., 27 
Aug. 1863. Amh. Coll. 1840. After practis- 
ing medicine 7 vears, he was until 1859 a writer 
fur the N.Y. Times, and afterwards an editor 
anfl ))rop. of the San Francisco Bulletin. Jlcm- 
ber N.Y. legisl. 1851 and 1839. He left Cali- 
fornia in 1864, and had just completed a His- 
torv of California when he died. 

Tuthill, LO01SA Caroline (HncoiNs), 
authoress, b. N. Haven ab. 1800. In 1817, at 
an early age, she m. Cornelius Tuthill of N. 
Haven, editor for two yeais of (he Microscope, 
a periodical, and who died in 1823, a. 29. Af- 
ter his death she contrib. anonymously to 
magazines. In 1827 she pub. "James Soniers, 
the Pilgrim's Son ; " in 1829 " Mary's Visit 
to Boston; "" Calisthenics," 1831. She pub. 
" The Young Ladies' Reader," 1839; " Young 



Ladies' Home; " a series of tales for the young 
1844-50 ; a new scries for the voung, 1832—4 ; 
"My Wile," a novel, 184G ; " The History of 
Architecture," 1848 ; " Queer Bonnets," 1852. 
In !S49 she prepared " The Nursery-Book," a 
vol. of counsel to mothers. She is at present 
a resident of Princeton, N.J. 

Tuthill, William H., b. N.Y. City Dec. 
5, 1808. A desi-cmlant of John, one of the fii^t 
settlers of Soiithold, L.I. One of the original 
proprietors of Tipton, Cedar Co., O., he prac- 
tised law there successfully ; was a Whig, and 
afterwards a Republican politician ; was judge 
of the 8th judicial dist. for two terms; and is 
DOW a banker at Tipton. Judge T. is an hon- 
orary member of several histoi ical and literary 
societies, and has pub. a review of the Died 
Scott decision, an address at tlie Tuthill 
family-gathering at Sonihold in 1867, ami 
contrib. to the Annals of Iowa. 

Tuttle, Charles Wesiet, astronomer, 
member Suffolk bar (adm. 1856), b. Newfidd, 
Me., 1 Nov. 1829. Assist, observer H. Coll. 
Observatory, 1830— 4 ; discovered a telescopic 
comet 8 Mar. 1853 ; studied in the Cjimb. Law 
School in 1834-3; joined with Sidney Cool- 
idge in 1855 in U.S. exped. to determine the 
longitude between Greenwich and Cambridge. 
Has contrib. hist, articles to the Ge:ual. lieijis- 
let; and scientific ))apers to Ast. ./oiir. ; see 
also Aniiiilx Han. Obs. Is now engaged upon 
a Life of Capt. John Mason of N.H. His bro. 
Horace Parnell, now a pavm. U.S.N, (b. 17 
Mar. 1837), was an assist, at" the U. Coll. Ob- 
servatory 1857-62, and discovered two planets 
and a number of comets. For his discoveries 
he was in 1859 awarded the Lalande prize by 
the French Acad, of Sciences. 

TwaitS, William, comedian, b. Birminor- 
ham, Eng., 25 Apr. 1781; d. N.Y. City 22 
Aug. 1814. He fiist app. at the Chestnn't-st.. 
Phila., 23 Nov. 1803, and was a good low co- 
median. Man.agcr of the Richmond Tlicane 
when destroyed by fire. He m. Jlrs. Viiliers, 
formerly Eliza Westrav, b. Bath, En::., 1787, d. 
13 Dec! 181.3. 

Twiggs, Gen. David Emanuel, b. Rich- 
mond Co., Ga., 1790; d. Augusta, Ga., Sept. 
15, 1 862. Son of Gen. John Twi-gs, a Revol. 
officer of Richmond Co.. Ga., who d. Mar. 1816, 
a. 86. App. capt. 8th Inf Mar. 12. 1812 ; maj. 
2Sth Inf. Sept. 21, 1814, and served throughout 
the war with Eng. ; maj. 1-t Inf. Mav 14, 1825; 
lieut.-col. 4th Inf. July 13, 1 831 ; col. 2.1 Dra- 
goons, June 8, 1836 ; com a brigade. May, 1846, 
and com. right wing, and (listing, in battles 
of Palo Alto and R. de laPalina; brig.-gen. 
June 30, 1846; brev. maj. -gen. for gallantry 
at Monterey, Mexico, May, 1848, receiving 
also a sword by resolution of Congress ; com. 
a division through Scott's campaign in Mexi- 
co. Military and civil gov. of Vera C'uz, 
Mexico, 1848; dismissed the service March I, 
1861, having in Feb. surrendered his troops 
and munitions of war to the authorities of 
Texas, which had then seceded. He soon re- 
ceived an important command in the Confed. 
army ; was for a short time in com. of New 
Orleans, but resigned toward the close of the 
year. His bro. Lev:, maj. U.S.A., disiing. in 
the wars of 1812, the Seminole and Mexican 



TYL 



929 



TYL 



wars, killed at Chapultepec 13 Sept. 1847, b. 
21 .M;iv. 1793. 

Tyler, Bennet, D.D. (MMd. Coll. 1S23), 
thcoloiiiiin, b. Midillebiirv, Ct., July 6. 1783; 
d. S. \Vind.TOr, Ct., May U, 1858. V.C. 1804. 
He was the son of a farmer. Was pastor of the 
Cong, churcli in South Britain, Ct , in 1808- 
22, and pres. of Dartm. Coll. in 1822-8, when 
he became pastor of the Second Church. Port- 
land, Me., resignin',; 22 Apr. 1834. He was 
the principal opponent of Dr. N. W. Taylor 
in the controversy on the Xcw Divinity, and 
hold essentially to the views of Edwards, Bel- 
lamy, Smalley, and Dwi^jht. One result of 
this controversy was the formation of a pastor- 
al union in Sept. 1833 by those of Dr. Tyler's 
opinions; and they founded a theol. sein. at 
East Windsor, Ct., of which he was pres. till 
his death. His principal works are " History of 
the New-Haven Theolo<iy," 1837; " Jlemoir 
of' Rev. Asahel Nettlcton," 1844 ; "A Review 
of Day on the Will," 1837; "Nettlcton's Re- 
mains''" 184.i ; " Treatise on the Sufferings of 
Christ," 1845, "The New-Eng. Revivals," 
1846; and two series of Letters to Dr. H. 
Buslmell on Christian Nurture, 1847-8. He 
also pub. sermons and controversial pamphlets. 
There is a .Memoirof him by his son-in-law Na- 
hu 1 Gale, D.D., prefixed to a vol. of his lec- 
tures, 8vo, 1859. 

Tyler, Gen. Ch.vrles Hcmphrey, b. Va. 
1826 ; killed in battle at West Point, Ga., Apr. 
17, 1863. West Point, 1848. Entered the 2d 
Dragoons, and was a capt. at the breaking-out 
of the war, but was dismissed for deserting his 
post, 6 June, 18GI, and became a brig. -gen. 
Confed. army. 

Tyler, Ges. Dan-iel, b. Brooklyn, Ct., 
Feb. 22, 1799. West Point, 1819. Son of 
Capt. Daniel, an art. officer of the Rcvol. En- 
tering the light art., he served till Jnne, 1821, 
when he was transferred to the 1st Art. ; 1st 
licut. 6 May, 1824 ; visited France to study the 
improvements in art. 1828-.30; translated from 
tlie French, ' Manoeuvres of Artillery," 1828 ; 
and in May, 1834, he resigned. Becoming a 
civil engr., he was pres. of various railroads 
until the civil war began, when he became col. 
1st Ct. Vols.; soon after brig.-gcn. 3-months' 
troops ; and at Blackburn's Ford and Bull Run 
com. a division, being ne.xt in rank to Gen. 
McDowell ; Mar. 13, 1862, he was app. bri^.- 
gcn., and ordered to the West. He com. a 
division of the Army of the Mpi. during the 
campaign which closed with the evacuation of 
Corinth ; he was afterward employed in guard- 
ing the Upper Potomac, and engaged at Mar- 
tinsburg, Va., 14 June, 1863; and com. at 
Harper's Ferry when the Confed. army invaded 
Pa.; re«i-ned 6 April, 1864. Residence Red 
Bank, N.J. 

Tyler, John, gov. of Va., b. near. Williams- 
burg, 1748; il. at his seat in Charles County, 
Jan. 6, 1813. His father, whose name he bore, 
was marshal for the colony. The son studied 
law under R. C. Nicholas; became a warm 
friend of Jefl'erson, and an early advocate of 
independence. In 1 774 he removed to Charles 
City. He was one of the Revol. leaders of 
Va. ; many years a member of the house of 
delegates; and in 1781 succeeded Benjamin 



Harrison as speaker. He was gov. in 180S- 
11, and was subse<}uently judge of the U. S. 
dist. court. Father of Pres. John Tvler. 

Tyler, John, 10th pres. of the" U. S., b. 
Charles-City Co., Va., March 29, 1790; d. 
Richmonil,' Va., Jan. 17, 18G2. Win. and 
Mary Coll. 1 806. Sonof the precedin-. .Mary 
his mother was the only child of Robert Armis- 
tead, whose ancestors emigrated to Va. from 
Hesse-Darmstadt. He studieJlaw; at 19 was 
adm. to the bar, and soon entered upon a large 
practice. He was a member of the Slate Icgisl. 
in 1811-16, and a supporter of Jefferson and 
Madison ; M.C. in 1816-21 ; again a member 
of the State legisl. in 1823-5; gov. of Va. 
1823-7; U.S. senator 1827-36, resigning on 
account of a difference with Pres. Jackson. 
Chosen vice-pres. by the Whig party in 1840, 
the death of President Harrison, April 4, 1841, 
raised him to the chief magistracy. In 1861 he 
was a delegate to the Peace Conv., and presided 
over that body. He subsequently renounced 
his allegiance to the U.S., and at the time of 
his death was a member of the Confed. Con- 
gress at Richmond. In Congress he voted to 
censure Gen. Jackson's conduct during the 
Seminole war; opposed all internal improve- 
ments by the General Govt., and the U.S. Bank, 
which he declared unconstitutional. He held 
in all points to the State-rights or strict-con- 
struction doctrine of the Democ. party. He 
also opposed a protective tariff, and on the Mo. 
question all restriction on slavery. In the 
U.S. senate he avowed his sympathy with the 
nullification movement in S.C. in 1832, and in 
consequence withdrew his support from Jack- 
son, but voted for Clay's Compromise Bill. 
By his veto of the U.S. Bank measure he lost 
the confidence of the party that placed him in 
power, and foreshadowed his desertion of it. 
The principal measures of his .administration 
were the annexation of Texas, M.arch 1, 1345, 
an act establishing a uniform system of U^rnk- 
ruptcy, and the protective tariff of 1842. His 
Life and Speeches were pub. 8vo, .\.Y., 1844. 

Tyler, Joseph, actor, b. England. 1749; 
d. N. York, Jan. 25, 1 823. lie was a contem- 
porary of Garrick, Barry, and Mossop as early 
as 1773, and was a (listing, operatic performi'r 
in the provincial theatres in Eng. In 1793 lie 
arrived in the U.S., and joined the company 
then performing in the Old Theatre in John 
Street, N.Y., and continued a favorite fur many 
years. 

Tyler, Moses Coit, prof of Eng. lit. in 
the' U. of Michigan, b. Griswold, Ct., 1835. 
y.C. 1837; And. Theol. Sem. 1860. Pastor 
at Poughkeepsie 1860-2. Author of " The 
Brawnville Papers," 1869, a vol. of essays on 
physical culture. A frequent lecturer and con- 
trii). to the N.Y. Independent and other papers 
and periodicals. 

Tyler, Robert O., brev. maj. gen. U.S..\., 
b. N.Y. ab. 1831. West Point, 1853. Enter- 
ing the 3d Art., he was made 1st licut. I .Sept. 
1856 ; served against the Indians of Wash. 
Terr, in 1858 ; made capt. andassist.-quarterm. 
17 May, 1861; col. 4th Ct. Vols. 29 An-. 
1861 ; brig.-gcn. vols. 29 Nov. 1862; lieiit.-col. 
and dcp. qiiarterm -gen. 29 .July, 1866. lie 
served through the Peninsular campaign, Apr.- 



TYL 



P30 



■nrv-N- 



Aug. 1S62 ; com. the art. of the centre jrr-.mii 
div. at Fietlcricksbiirg and Chancfllorsvillc, 
and bii'V. major U.S.A. for the hitler 13 Doc. 
1802 : hrcv. lieut.-col. 2 July, 186.3, for Gcitvs- 
linrsj : coin, divis. of heavy art. of 2d corps'in 
tlie liichmond canipaiirn, and brev. col. 17 
May, 1864. for Spottsylvania ; brev. raaj.-gcn. 
vol,<. 1 Aug. 1864 for Cold Harbor, where he 
was sevci-elv wounded : brev. brij. and major 
t'cii. U.S. a'. l.^'Mar. 1865. — CiiZ/iim. 

Tyler, Royall, wit, poet, and jurist, b. 
B i>[iin, Julv IS, 1757; d. Brattlehorongh, 
Vt., Au;:. 16. 1826. H.U. 1776. His inimi^. 
ancestor and great-gr.indfathcr Thomas came 
from Bndlcigh, Dcvonsbire, Eng., and married 
Miriam, dan. of Pilgrim Sinipkins of Boston. 
He studied Uiw in the office of John Adams, 
and was for a short time aide to Gen. Lincoln, 
serving in the same station in the Shays Ke- 
hcliion in 1786. Settled as a lawyer in Guil- 
fonl, Vt., in 1790, with success; in 1800, and 
for si.x years, was chief justice of the Supreme 
Court, of which he had been six years judge. 
In 1809 he pub. "Reports of Cases in the 
Sup. Court of Vt.," 2 vols. He was a success- 
ful dramatist, and in 1786 produced in New 
York " The- Contrast," a comedy, in which the 
Yankee dialect and story-telling, since so 
familiar, were first employed. This was the 
first American play ever acted on a regular 
stage by an established company of comedians. 
H',' also produced " May-Day. or New York in 
an Uproar," 1787; "The Georgia Spec, or Land 
in the Moon." 1797; and "The Algerine Ca|>- 
tivc," a ticiitious memoir, 2 vols. 1799. He 
gained greit reputation by his contributions to 
the Fanmr's H'cA/y Museum, pub. at \Valpole, 
N.H., assisting Dennie, its editor, with his con- 
inbuiions " fitim the shop of Messrs. Colon 
and Spondee," an amusing milani}f of light 
verse and entertaining social and political 
squi IS. To the Poiijolio he contributed " An 
Author's Evenings." 1801, &c., coll. in a vol. 
in 1801. entitled "The Spirjt of the Farmer's 
Museum and Lay Preacher's Gazette." He also 
wrote for the A'. E. Galaxi/. Po/i/aiitlios, and 
other journals. In 1799 liecomposeda Fourth- 
ot..Iuly ode for the celebration at Windsor, Vt., 
and a convivial song for the same occasion. 
He was frequently called on for these services, 
and lor occasional prologues at charitable and 
other tbejiirical benefits. His son Rev. Ei>- 
waud Rov.vll. a Cong, clergyman, and ed. of 
the Xrw-Eii'iliiii'ler, newspaper, d. New Haven, 
Ct . 28 Sept. XSiS. — Din/rh'ncl-. 

Tyler, Samiel. LL.D. (Col. Coll. 1859), 
lawvcr and author, b. Prince George's Co.. Md., 
Oct'. 22, 1803. Md. Coll. 1827.- His father, 
Grafton, was a tobacco-planter and fanner. 
The son w,»s edncated at the sem. of Dr. Car- 
nahan, at Georgetown; then studietl law at 
Fivlcrick City, Md. ; was adni. to its bar in 
J8"$l ; and has since resided there, indulging 
aUo in literary avocations. He pub. a " Dis- 
<;u,;rsc of the Baconian Philosophy," 1841; 
" Barns as a Po^n and as a Man, "1848; for 
the Princfton lieriew, articles on " Balfour's 
Iiupiirv," July, 1836; " The Baconian Philos- 
o.j)hv,'' Julv, 1840; " Lenhart the Matlicmati- 
e: ;n"." July. 1841 ; " Psychology," Apr. 1843 ; 
' liiSuence-of thcBaconi^ui Philosophy," July, 



1S43; "Agricultural Chemistry," Oct. 1844; 
" Connection iR'twcen Philosophy and Revela- 
tion," Juiv, 1845 ; " Bu.sh on the Soul," Julv, 
1846; Hiiinboldt's "Cosmos," July, 18.52; 
" Progress of Philosophy in the Past and in the 
Future." 1859. He introduced the subject of 
hiw-refonn to the 5Id. convention in 1850, and 
was by that body app. a commiss. to simplity 
the pleadings and practice in all the State 
courts. — /''ii/rUiicl: 

Tyler, William, D.D., R.C. bishop of 
Hartfonl; consec. Mar. 17, 1844 ; d. June 18, 
1849. 

Tyler, William SETMOrn, D.D., clergy- 
man and lingnist, b. Harfonl, Pa., Sept. 2, 
1810. Amh. VoU. IS.'JO. 7th in descent frora 
Job, an early settler anil ]irx>prictorof Andovcr, 
Ms. In 1831 he taught the classics in Anih. 
Acad. Aflcr studying at And. Theol. Sem., 
he was licensed to preach by the 3d ])resl>ytery 
of N. Y. City in 1 836 ; but. being chosen prof of 
Latin and Greek at Amh. Coih, was not onl. 
till 22 years later. In 1847 the professorship 
of ancient languages w;is divided, Prof Tvior 
retaining that of the Greek. He pub. " The 
Germania and Agricola of Tacitns," 1847 ; 
"The Histories of Tacitus," 1848; "Plato's 
Apologv and Crilo," 1859; " Pri:!e Essnv on 
Praver"for Colle-.-es," 1854; a "Life of" Dr. 
Henry Lobdell." 1859; and "Theology of the 
Greek Poets." 1867. He h:\s also coiitrib. to 
nninerons th'Xil. periodicals. 

Tyng, Dudley Atkixs, LL.D., a distiug. 
lawTcr, b. Xowbunport, Sept. 3. 1760; d. 
Aug. 1, 1829. H.U. 1781. Son of Dndlcy 
Atkins, and a descendant of Gov. Dudley. 
Changed his name on inheriting the large es- 
tates of James Tyng of T™gsliorough. Was 
U.S. collector of Newburyport, and afterward 
reporter ALiss. Sup. Court until his death. Ed- 
ited " Reports Sup. Jud. Court of Ms.." Sept. 
1804-Mar. 1822, 17 vols. 8vo. A Notice of 
Tyng by John Lowell is in " Ms. Hist. Colls.," 
3d scr., vol. ii. 

Tyng, DrPLEY Atkins, D.D.. Epis. cler- 
g^^llan. b. Prince (icorge's Co., Md.. 1825; d. 
Bi-ookticld, near Phila.. Apri: 19, 1S5S. U. of 
Pa. 1843. Son of Rev. Stephen H. of New- 
York. Received his theol. eilucation at the 
Alexandria Sem. ; ord. 1846 ; preacheil at Co- 
lumbus, O. ; then had charge of the Epis. 
chhroh at Charlcstowni. Va. ; and was trans- 
fcrreii thence to Ciiiciiniati ; in 1854 he was 
c;Uled to the Chureh of the Epiphany, Phila. 
A year or two before his death, his career at- 
tracted public «ttention frora his rejection by 
his congn".ration in Phila. in consequence of 
the stand taken by him in the pulpit in opposi- 
tion to slavery. He was also knomi as a lec- 
turer upon religious ami st\-nlar subjects. Au- 
therof " Vital Truth and Dcsidlv Error," 1852 ; 
"Children of the Kingtlom,'' 1854; "Our 
Countrv's Troubles," 1856.— .?«> A Fat/iei's 
M-.,m,i'al. hfi S. H. Ti/m, DO.. 1858. 

Tyng, Edward, a brave naval commander 
of Ms. ; d. Boston, Sept. 8. 1755, a. 72. Grand- 
son of Gen. Edwanl, and son of Edward, a 
councillor, who was app. gov. of Annapolis, and 
being taken on the passage, and carrieil to 
Franco, d. there. He was commissioned by 
Gov. Belcher, April 16, 1 740, capt. of tlie south 



TY?«- 



931 



m^L 



and north Imtterics and fortifications in Bos- 
njn ; succeeding; Capt. Soutliac as commander 
of tlie snow "Prince of OrauKc," he took the 
first privateer on this coast, June 24, 1744; 
com. " The Massachusetts" frigate in tlieexped. 
against Cape Breton in 1745; and was made 
commodore of tlie provincial fleet. He captured 
tlie " \'i^'ilaute," a Frencli man-of-war of 64 
guns. Admiral Warren oti'en li Tvng the com- 
mand of this vijluablc prize, with "the rank of 
post-capt. ; he declined on account of his ad- 
vanced age, hut recommended Kousc, his sec- 
ond in command, who received that honor. 

Tyng, Stephen Uiggixsox, ]).D. (Jeff. 
Coll. 18.i2; II. U. 1851), a popular preacher, b. 
Kuwburvporl, Ms., Mar. I, 1800. II. U. 1SI7. 
Son of Hon. Dudley Atkins Tvng. He first en- 
paged in mercantile pursuits, but soon studied 
theology ; ord. deacon in 1821 , and took charge 
of St. (jcorge's Church, Georgetown, 1).C. ; 
in 1823 he removed to Queen Anne Parish, Md. ; 
in May, 1829, he became rector of St. Paul's, 
Pliila., which he resigned in May, 1833, on an 
invitation to the Church of the E|)iphany. 
Since bis removal to New York in 1845, he has 
been rector of St. George's Cliurch. An ear- 
nest advocate of the temperance and other 
social movements of the day. He is remark- 
able for readiness as an extempore speaker, and 
for fervid eloquence. Author of "Lectures 
on the Law and the Gospel," 1848; "The 
Israel of God ; " " Christ is All ; " " Christian 
Titles ; " " Recollections in Europe," drawn 
from personal observations during a brief tour ; 
'■ Sermons preached in the Church of the 
Eiiiphany," 1839; "Family Commentary on 
the FonrGospels," 1849; "Bible Companion ; " 
" The Historv of Ruth the Moabitess," 1855 ; 
" Esther, the' Queen of Persia ; " " The Child 
of Prayer," a memorial of bis son Rev. Dudley 
A. Tvng; " Forty Years' Experience in Sun- 
day Schools," &c., 1860; "The Spencers," 
1870; " Memoir of Rev. G. T. Bedell," 12mo, 
1836. He is an editor of the Prolestant Cliwch- 
ninn of New York. 

Tyng, Rev. Stephen H., Jun., son of the 
preceding, b. Pliila. 28 June, 1839. Wms. 
Coll. 1858. Ord. deacon 8 May, 1861, and 
assist, to his father at St. George's Church, 
New York, one year; priest 11 Sept. 1863; 
rector of the Church of the Mediator, Lex. 
Ave., N.Y. City, and subsequently organized 
the Church of the Holy Trinity, 42d St. ; con- 
sec, in 1865 ; chaplain N.Y. 12tii Kegt. in 1864 ; 
tried in 1867 by an eccl. tribunal for preachijig 
to a Mcth. church in New Jersey. 

Tyson, Jou Roberts, LL.D., politician 
and uian of letters, b. Pbila. 12 Feb. 1804 ; d. 
Woodlawn Hall, Pa., June 27, 1858. He was 
educated a lawyer; served in the State legisl. ; 
in the city council of Phila. ; and was an in- 
fluential M.C.in 1805-7. He was a man of 
literary and artistic tastes; and it was due to 
him tliat the archives of Pa. were pub. He m. 
a dau. of the eminent merchant, Tlios. P. Cope. 
Ue delivered various addresses, and pub. letters 
and addresses upon the commerce of Phila. 
He pub. "Pennsylvania Prior to 1743," 8vo, 
1843 ; " Essay on the Penal Laws of Pa.," 8vo, 
•827 ; "Memoir of T. C. James, M.D.," 1836 ; 
"Lottery System of the U.S.," 1833; "Dis- 



course on the 200th Anniv. of the Birth of 
AVilliam Penn," 1844; "On the Col. Mist, of 
the Eastern and some of the Southern States," 
1842. 

Tytler, James, author, h. Fern, Scotland, 
1747; drowned at Salem, Ms., in Jan. 1804. 
He received a surgical and chemical education. 
To avoid political prosecution, emig. about 1 793 
to Ireland, and to Amer. in 1 796. He was one of 
the editors of the " Encyclopedia Britannica ; " 
author of a " Treatise on the Plague and 
Yellow Fever," 1799; " Answer to Paine's A^e 
of Reason ; " " Essays on Natural and Re- 
vealed Religion," 1772; " Letter to John Bar- 
clay on the Doctrine of Assurance ; " " System 
of(;eography,"1788; " History of Edinbui-L'li;" 
"Geographical, Ilist., and Commercial (iram- 
mnr," 2 vols. 8vo ; poetical transl. of Virgil's 
" Eclogues ; " " System of Surgery," 3 vols. ; 
and of some anonymous works an<l popular 
songs ; and was a contrib. to many leading 
magazines of the day. 

Ulloa (ool-loa), BON Antonio de, a 
Spanish mathematician, b. Seville, Jan. 12, 
1716; d. in the Isle of Leon, near Cailiz, July 
5, 1795. He was brought up in the royal 
marines, in which he obtained the rank of licut.- 
gen. Disting. as an engineer, and man of 
science, he was in 1735 joined in a commission 
with Don George Juan and others to measure 
a degree of the meridian in Peru. He remained 
nearly ten years in S. Amer., and on his return 
(in 1745) was captured, and carried into an Eng- 
lish port. He pub. on bis return to Spain his 
voyage to S. Amer., which was soon translated 
into German, French, and English; but the 
latter pub. in 1758, 2 vols. 8vo, is miserab'y 
garbled and inaccurate. He became the chief 
promoter of the royal woollen manufactories ; 
re-organized the colleges of histoiy and sur- 
gery ; superintended and completed the basins 
at Ferrol and Cartbagcna. In 1766 he w:\<. 
made gov. of La. Arriving in March, he found 
the inhabitants unwilling to submit to Spanish 
domination; and they broke out into open riot, 
which compelled him to leave the colony. In 
1772 he pub. " Entretnumientos I'hijsifo-hisforhii 
sohre la America Merid.," &.C. 4to. Having 
become a lieut.-gcn. in the naval service, he re- 
ceived the command of a squadron intended to 
join an cxped. against Fla. Absorbed in his 
astronomical investigations, Ulloa forgot to 
open his sealed orders, and, after cruising two 
months without success, relumed ; was court- 
martialled in 1780, and never again employed. 
This eminent Spanianl also contrib. several 
scientific papers to the Royal Society. 

Ulloa, Francisco de, Spanish discoverer 
of California ; assassinated at Xalisco, soon 
after returning from his voyage, " by a soldier 
who bore malice against bim." He was the 
lieut. of Cortez in his explorations of the w. 
coast of Amer., and was in 1.535 left by him 
in charge of the colony at Santa Cruz. He 
com. the cxped. (July, 1.539-May, 1540) which 
explored Cal., giving to the (5ulf of C. the 
name of ^1/ur de Cortes. He ascertained that 
the peninsula of Cal. was united to the main- 
land, and sailed northward, examining its 
western side as far as 30 N. hit. The narr. ..f 
this voyage by Prcciado, one of the ofliccrs, is 



932 



xtph; 



in Ramusio, iii. 2S3, and in Englisli in Birney, 
i. 193. 

Uncas, sacliem of the Mohc};;>n tribe in 
Ct. : d. in 16S3, at a great a;;e. Ori<:inally 
a Pequot war chief. He revolted in 163+ from 
Sas?.icus, the Pequot saeheni ; became friendly 
to the English settlers; ajid was made chief 
of the Mohciraiis. In Jlay, 1637, he joined 
Mason's exped. against the I'equots, and was 
rewarded with some of their lands; in 1638 
he went to Boston, where he made a treaty to 
whieli he adhered ; he also treated with the 
Ct. colonists in S.pt. 163S, and in 1640 con- 
veyed to them all Ins land, cxceptinjr Moliciran. 
In 1643 he joined the Kiiglish in a "ar, which 
ended in the death of the powerful Narnigansct 
sachem Sliantonomoh. In 164S the Mohawks, 
Pocontocks, and other trilies, made w;ir against 
Uncas. but with small result. Besieged in his 
fort on the Peqnot (now Thames H.(in li;."i7, by 
tl.e Narnijr.iiiset cluil res>. u us, lie was relieved, 
when near starvation, by Ensign Leflingwell, 
to whom it is said Uncas deeded the land upon 
which Norwich now stands, though he after- 
ward sold it to a company. A council of com- 
missioners of the United Colonies, held at 
Boston in 1654, heard many couipl.iints of the 
rapacity and injustice of Uncas, and ordered 
that " he be duly reproved, and seriously in- 
formed that the English cannot protect him in 
any unlawful, much less treacherous and out- 
rageous courses." lie was characterized in 1674 
as " an old and wicked, wilful man, a drunkard, 
and otherwise very vicious, who hath always 
been an opposer and underminer of praying to 
God." He was always the ally of the English, 
though too old to be of much service in Philip's 
war in 1675, when all other Indian tribes united 
agninst them. 

Underhill, C.vpt. Johx, b. AVarwick- 
shirc, Eng. ; d. at Oyster Bay, L.I., ah. 1672. 
He had been a soldier in the Netherlands and 
at Cadiz. Came to N.E. in 1630 with Win- 
throp; was a representative from Boston; and 
was sent by his friend Sir H. Vane in com. of 
the Colony troops, who with Capt. Mason, 
in 1637, destroyed the Indian forts at Mystic, 
and broke the warlike spirit of the Pcquots. 
Banislied in Boston for his religions opinions, 
he went to Eng., and pub. " Xens from 
America," a hist, of the Pequod war, 4to, 
1638. In 1641 he was gov. of Exeter and 
Dover; afterwards lived at Stamford, Ct. ; and 
in 1646 removed to Flushing. He was a dele- 
gate to the court at New Haven in 1643, and 
assistant justice ilierc, and in the war between 
the Dutch and Indians (1643-6) had a principal 
command; in 1665 he was a delegate fi-oni 
Oyster Bay to the Assembly at Hempstead, and 
was app. undcr-shcritFof the North Riding of 
Yorkshire; in 1667 the Matinecock Indians 
gave him 150 acres of land, now in possession 
of a descendant bearing his name. 

Underwood, CJex. Adix Balloc, b. 

Millord, .Ms, 19 May, 1S2S. B.U. 1849. His 
ancestors Joseph anil Thomas came to Hing- 
ham before 1637, and settled in Watertown. 
His lather Orison was a brig. -gen. of militia. 
His mother was Hannah Bond Cheney. Adm. 
to the V.'orc. Co. bar in 1853; removed to 
Boston in IS55; capt. 2d Ms. laf. Apr. 1861 ; 



lient.-col. and col. .33d Ms. Inf. Sept. 1S62; in 
the battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, 
and Gettysburg ; served under Hookerat Look- 
out Mountain, and dangerously wounded, and 
disjibled from further field-tluiy ; brig.-gen. 6 
Nov. 1863 ; brev. maj.-gen. 1 Sept. 1865 ; since 
surveyor of customs, Boston. 

Underwood, Joseph Rogers, judge, 
and U.S. senator 1847-53, b. Goochland Co., 
Va., Oct. 24, 1791. U. of Ux., Ky., 1811. In 
1803 he was adopted by his maternal uncle in 
Barren Co., Ky. ; educated at various schools 
in that State, and then read law with K. 
Widiffe. At Dudley's defeat in 1813 he 
was a lieut. of vols., and was badly wounded 
and taken prisoner, but was lodgcil in a hos- 
pitable cabin near Cleveland nniil sufficiently 
recovered to return home. In the fitll of 1813 
he settled at Glasgow. Ky. ; practised law there 
ten years, during which time he was trustee of 
the town, ami county atty., and was member 
of the legist, in 1816-19 ;" in 1823 he removed 
with his family to Bowling Green ; and was a 
member of the A^sscmbly in 1825-6 ; judge of 
the Court of Apjjcals ls"28-35 ; M.C. 1835-43. 
In 1846 he was again elected to the Ky. legisl., 
and was speaker of the house ; delegate to the 
Chicago conv. of 1864. — Lanman. 

Updike, WiLKixs, lawyer and author, b. 
Kingston, R.I., Jan. 8, 1784"; d. there Jan. 14, 
1867. He served many years in the legisl. ; 
pub. in 1842 " Memoirs' of the R.I. Bar," and, 
in 1847, " History of the Episc. Church in 
Narraganset." 

Upfold, George, D.D. (Col. Coll. 1831), 
M.D. (Coll. Phys. and Surg. 1816), LL.D. 
Union Coll. 1814. Pr.-Epis. bishop of Ind. ; 
cousee.Dec. 16, 1849; b. nearGuiltonl, Surrey, 
Eng., 1796; emig. to the U.S. 1802; ord. 1SI8; 
rector of St. Luke's, N.Y. Citv, 1819-27; of 
St. Thomas's, 1827-30; of Triiiiiv, Pittsburg, 
18.30-49. Author of "The La"st Hundred 
Years," 1845; "Manual of Private Devotions." 
1863 ; also occasional sermons, addresses. &c. 

Upham, Ch.\rij:s Wextworth, cleigy- 
man and author, b. St. John, X.B., Mav"4, 
1802. H.U. 1S21. Son of Judge Josn LA, a 
lovalist of the Rcvol. (b. Brooktield, Ms., 14 
Nov. 1741; d. Lond. 1803; H.U. 1763), judge 
of the Sup. Court, and member of the council of 
N. Bninswick 1784-1807; he practised law in 
Boston and N.Y. Citv, and was at one time aide 
to Gen. Carleton. 'I'Ik- son, originally a tuer- 
chant's clerk, afterwanl taught school in various 
places. Dec. 8, 1824, ord. coll. of Rev. John 
Prince over the First Chnn'h, Salem, Ms. ; 
and Dec. 8, 1844, relinquished the ministry on 
account of loss of voice. He has at ditl'crent 
times edited the Christian Revinc (Unitarian); 
ed. the Cliristian Reiiisttr in 1S45-6; was mavor 
of Salem in 1852; in 1840, '49, '59, and 
'60, in the State legisl.; in 1857 and '58, pre*, 
of the State senate; M.C. 1853-^5, and of the 
State Const. Conv. 1853. Author of " Letters 
on the Logos," 1828; "Lectures on Witch- 
craft," 1831; "Life of Sir H. Vane," 1835; 
" Life of J. C. Fremont," 1856; "Prophecy as 
an Evidence of Christianity," 1835; and "Sa- 
lem Witchcraft," 2 vols. Svo, 1867. A frequent 
contrib. to leading reviews and other periodi- 
cals; wrote Memoirs for " The National Per 



JJ-PH. 



933 



TTRQ 



trait Gallery; "and is author of several orations, 
pamphlets, &e. 

Upham, Nathaniel Gookix, T,L.T). 
(Damn. 1S62), jurist, brj. of T. C. Upham, 
b. Hoihestcr, N.ll., 1801; fl. ConeorJ, N.ll., 
Dee. 11, 18G9. Dartni. Coll. 1820. Son of 
Hon. Nathaniel, a prominent politician of N.ll. 
(b. Deertield, N.ll., 9 June, 1774; d. Roches, 
ter, N.H., 10 Julv, 1829; educated at Phillips 
Exeter Aead.; M.C. 1817-2;J). He befjan to 
practise law at IJiistol, N.H., but removed to 
Concord in 1829. A judj^e of the N.ll. Su- 
preme Court in 18.33—4.3; connected with the 
Coneonl Railroad in 1843-03; many years a 
pillar of the Democ. party in N.H. ; and made 
liy his warm frieiul President Pierce, in 1 85.3, a 
commiss. to London to adjust claims pendiu"^ 
between citizens of the two countries, lie leil 
the Democ. party early in 1861, and gave an 
umiualilied support to the govt.; in 1865-6 
meuilier X.II. le^iislature. 

Upham, Hev. Thomas Cogswell, D.D. 
(Wesl. U. 1.-43), author, b. DeerHeld, N.H., 
Jan. 30, 1799. Dartm. Coll. 1818; And. Sem. 
1821. Son of Hon. Nathaniel. In 1821 he 
was Prof. Stuart's jissist. as teacher of Helirew 
at And. Thtol. Sein., and translated Jahn's 
'■ Bil ilical Archeology." In 1 S23-4 he was col- 
lcai;iie pastor of the Cong, church in Roches- 
ter, N.ll. ; prof, mental philosophy and ethics, 
and al-o instructor in Hebrew, at feowd. Coll., 
from Feb. 1825 to July, 1867. Resides Kenno 
btinkport. Me. Author of " Elements of Men- 
tal Pliilos.," 1839; "Treatise on the Will," 
l'<50; "Outlines of Imiierfect and Disordered 
Mental Action," 1843; " Principles of Interior 
or Hidden Life." la 1855 he pub. 2 vols, en- 
tiiled "Life and Religious Experiences and 
Opinions of Madame de la Mothe Guyon, 
and Fenclon, Archbishop of Cambray ; " "/.'«- 
</o DiscipUwj:," 1829; "Treatise on Divine 
Union," 1851; "Religious Maxims," 1854; 
"Manual of Peace," 1836; "American Cot- 
tage Life," 1852; "Letters from Europe, 
Egypt, and Palestine," 1857; an Essav on a 
Congress of Nations, 1840; "The Life of 
Faith," 1856; "Life of Catharine Adorna," 
1856 ; " A Method of Prayer," 1859. 

Upham, Col. Timothv, b. Deerfield, 
N.H., 1783 ; d. Charlestown, Ms., Nov. 2, 1855. 
Son of Rev. Timothv, Cong, pastor of Deer- 
field from Dec. 9, 1772, to his d. 21 Feb. 181 1 
(b. Maiden, Ms., 20 Dec. 1748; H.U. 1763). 
He pub. some occas. sermons. His son com- 
menced mercantile life in Portsmouth, N.ll., 
in 1807; March 12, 1812, he was app. major 
11th U.S. Inf. ; was soon after placed in com. 
of the torts and harbor of Portsmouth ; joined 
the army at Plattsburg in Sc[)t. ; was promoted 
(12 Mar. 1813) to lieut.-<ol. in the famous 21.st 
Re^'t., Col. Miller; and at the sortie from Fort 
Erie he com. the reserve; collector of Ports- 
mouth 1816-29; maj.-gen. of the State militia; 
and was navy agent 1841-5. 

Upshur, AiiEL Pahkeh, jurist and states- 
man, b. Northampton Co., Va., June 17, 1790; 
ki'led Feb. 28, 1844, by the bursting of a gun 
on lioard the U.S. steamer " Princeton," in the 
Potomac. N.J. Coll. 1807. He studied law 
in the ollico of William Wirt, in Richmond, 
and practised his profession there fcom 1810 to 



1824. After representing his native Co. in the 
State Icgisl., in 1826 he was app. a judge in 
the Gen. Court of Va. ; in 1829 was a member 
of the State Const. Conv. ; again sat on the 
bench of the Gvn. Court until 1841, when he 
became sec. of the navy, aii<l in 1843 se,\ of 
State. A contrib. to the periodical press, and 
author of " An Inquiry into the Nature and 
Character of our Federal Govt," and also a 
numlier of es.says, reviews, addresses, &c. 

Upton, Emohv, brev. maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. 
N.Y. West Point, 1861. Ist lieut, 5th Art. 
14 Mav, 1861 ; col. 121.st N.Y. Vols. 23 Oct. 
1862; brig.-gen. vols. 12 Mjiv, 1S64; capt. 5th 
Art. 22 Feb. 1865 ; lieut.-*ol."25th Inf. 28 Julv, 
1866; a.s^igned to Ist Art. 15 Dee. 1870; aide 
to Gen. Tyler, and woimded at Bull R\in 21 
July; com. battery, and in the battles of the 
Peninsular campaign ; engagi-d at South 
Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chan- 
celloraville, aiul Gettysburg ; com. brigade in 
6th corps, and brev. m.ij. 8 Nov. 1863 for 
Rappahannock Station, Va. ; engaged in liat- 
tles of the Wilderness ; brev. lieut. -eol. 10 May, 
1864, for S|iotl^vlvania, where he was wound- 
ed; in liattle of Cold Hirbor, sicLje of IVters- 
burg, Sh, iiaudoah c.Tmii:ii'.rn ; wouud-'d, and 
brev. col. 19 Sept. 1864 tor h.ittle of Winches- 
ter ; com. 4th cav. division in Gen. Wilson's 
operations iu Ala. and Ga. Mar.-May, 1865; 
and bnv. brig, and maj. g.n. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 
1865 lor the capture of Selnia, Ala., and for 
merit, services during the Rebellion. Anthor 
of " Infantry Tactics" for the U.S. army and 
militia, adopted 1 Aug. 1867. — C«//»m. " 

Uring, Capt. Nathaxiel, author of " Re- 
lation of the late Intended Settlement of St. 
Lucia and St. Vincent," 8vo, 1725. His 
Voyages and Travels, 1726 and 1749, contain 
a curious account of his visit to New England 
in 1709. • 

Urquiza (oor-kce'-sii), Juste Jose do, 
Argentine statesman, b. in the State of Entre 
Rios, It'OO; a,ssassinated May 14, 1870. He 
was of mixed Sj>ai:i~h and Indian blood. Dur- 
ing the war iu La Plata, he aitaehel himself to 
the party of Rosas, and became gen. of divis- 
ion ; in 1840 he com. the army sent aa^ainst 
Uruguay ; and eoinpletely debated Ribera, 
Mar. 28", 1845, in the battle of India Muerte, 
receiving in reward the governorship of Entre 
Rios. When, in 1851, Rosas ]>retended to lay 
down the supreme power, Urtpiiza took him 
at his word, and a war was the con3e(]uenee. 
Allying himself with Brazil, Paraguay, and 
Uniguay, he collected an army of 30,000 men ; 
crossed the Parana in Jan. 1852; routed Rosas 
at Santos Lugares, Feb. 3; and liyaro»/j d'gtat 
made himself pro\is. dictator of the Argentine 
Repub. He called a new congress at Snnt.v 
Fe in Ang. to settle the troubles of the coun- 
try. A revol. springing \\\t in Buenos A\Tes, 
he besieged the city of that name, but was 
finally forceil to retire. In March, 18.54, he 
was electeil for 6 years pres. of the 13 other 
St.ites coui|H)sing the union, and employed his 
p)wer in an enlightened manner, re-estnblish- 
ing commerc ' and navigation, and declaring 
the Parana, th" Paraguay, and the Plata free! 
to foreign powers. The' war against Buenos 
Ayres was continued. In 1859 he arbitrated 



rrsH 



934 



lK'tW(-tm the U.S. and Paraguay on occasion 
of the La Plata naval oxped. Alter retiring 
ft«m the dictaior.-hip, ho ivas a'j[ain npp. gcn.- 
in-i-!;icf, an.l once -.lora artonipted tho ivdu.-- 
tion of Bacnjs Ayroi, hut was dclVatod by 
Gen. Miirc, auJ IkXMine in 13G2 gov. of Entre 
Kio5. 

tJsher, JOHS, li-ut.-gov. of X.H. 1692-7 
a-.a 1702, b. Boston, Apr. 27, 1G4?; d. Med- 
fbrJ. Ml., Sept. 1, 1726. Son of llez.-kiah, of 
C.r.nhrid;,-* 16.30, of Boston 1746. lie was a 
Ix>:);;s-;loraiid sta:ioneri:i Boston : a col., coun- 
sel, jr, and trc;3uror of Ms. ; and rendered i:n- 
por;ant s rvices to th'^ province in pnrcha in;i 
the district of Me. H- m. a dan. of SaiuHol 
A';! a, who.-e claims in X.II. he supjiorted. 

Usher, Johx P., lawyer, b. Xcw York. 
Ecraove<.l early in life to Indiana; practised 
law ; Kxaine a membiT of the legisl. ; was a 
short time atty.-gcn. of the State ; first .issist. 
sec. of the interior 1S62; sec. from Jan. 1S63 
till the spring of 1S65. Has since been atty. 
for the Union Pacific Railroad Co., eastern 
division. 

Vaill, Joseph, Cons, minister of Ilad- 
Inue, Ct., from Feb. 9. 17S0, to his d. at Kil- 
linwworth, Ct., Xov. 21, 1S38; b. Litchfield, 
Ct."; .Tiily 3, 1750. Darim. Coll. 177S. He 
pnl>. in 1796 '' Xoah"s Plood," a poomof at>out 
550 liaes. His Memoirs, by Uev. Isaac Par- 
sons, were pub. in a vol. of 236 pages. 

Valdivia de (da vaUh'c'-veai, Dos Pe- 
dro, one of the Spaui.<h conquerors of Peru in 
1532, b. ab. 1510; d. 1559. About 1540. un- 
d' T the ord rs of Piz:irro, he invadv^d Chili 
with a smiUl fo^x^e, foundwl Santiago, and 
gainel victories over the natives. Ketuming 
to Peru alwut 1547, he fought nuder Gasea 
against Gon.7alez Pizarro. He was captured 
by the Araucanians, who put him to death. 

Valentine, D.wjd Thom.vs. historian, b. 
E. Chester, X.V., Sept. 15. 1#01 ; d. X.Y. City, 
Feb. 25, 1,-09. He received an academical edu- 
cation at White Plains ; l>ccarae clerk of the 
Marine Court inlS21 ; and in 1S37-69 was clerk 
of the common conncil of New York. From 
1S42 to 1S6S he pub., yearly, "Manual of the 
Common Council," making 25 vols, of instruct 
tive au.l entertaining matter ]x^rtaining to the 
city of New York. He also pub. a "History 
ofXew York." 8vo, 1S53. 

VaUandigham (va-lan-de-gam), Clem- 
ent C |K'liiiciau. b. New Lislion. O., 1S22; 
d. Li'.viiioii, O.. 17 June, 1S71, liy the acciden- 
tal discharge of a pistol. Of Huguenot an- 
cestry. He'rec ired a good education ; sj>ent a 
year at ,Ieif. Coll., O. ; was 2 years principal of 
an aead. at Snow Hill, Md. ; adm. to the Ohio 
bir iu 1842; memlK-r of the State legisl. in 
1S45-C; editor of the Davton [niuii-a- 1S47-9; 
m-.>iulK'r of the Cincinnati conv. in 1S56 : M.C. 
1S57-6'!: delegate to the Chicago conv. of 
1864. Banishi-d in 1863 tor his hostility to the 
ptv'., and went to Cauada. In 1863 he was 
Demoe. candidate for gov. of Ohio, and was 
def.-.ited. 

Van Aarsdale, Elus, LL.D., an emi- 
nent lawver, 33 vears pres. of the State Bank ; 
d. Newark, X.J.', 19 ilarch, 1846. a. 75. 

Van Berckel, Peter I., minister from 
Holland; d. Xewark, X. J., 17 Dec. 1800, a. 76. 



Van Brunt, Gi:ksiiom J., commo. U.S.X., 
b. X.J. 1798; d. Dedliam, M-., De*-. 17. 1863. 
Ifr entered the mvy, Xov. 3, 1818; app. lieut. 
Mar. 3, >S27; com." M.ay 29, 1S46; capt. Sept. 
14, 1S55; commo. July 16, 1862. lie com 
" Th - Minnesota : " took an active part in the 
rediietion of the Hattenis forts, and in tb.c 
bloek idiug service at Hampton Roads. 

Van Bureu, Joux, lawyer and |M>:itician. 
b. Ilulsou. X.V., Feb. 18, 1810; d. onrhepas 
sa'ie between Liveqiool and X. York, Oct. 13, 
1866. Y.C. 1828. Second son of Pivs. Van 
Buren. Studi^Ki law wiih B. F. Butler of Al- 
bany, and adm. to the bar in l-^SO. He at- 
tended his lather at the court of St. James in 
1831 ; in 1845-6 was atty .-gen. of Xew York: 
and in 1848 acted with the Free-Soil party, ably 
advocating the exclusion of slavery from the 
Federal Territories. Duriii'; th.' later years of 
his lite, however, he acted with the Deuioc. par- 
ty. In May, 1866, he left X. York, and made 
an extensive Euro(K-an toiu-. He w as .".n elo- 
ejtient speaker, an able lawyer, and possessed 
hne social qualities. 

Van Buren, XLvrtix, Sth president of the 
U.S., b. Kinderhook, X.Y., Dec-. 5, 1 782 : d. 
there July 24, 1862. His father was a fanner, 
and he was educateil at the vilhge academy. 
Adm. to the bar in 1 803, he became .surrogate 
of Columbia Co. in 1 SOS ; a memlier of the sen- 
ate in 1812 ; an earnest advocate of the war of 
1812-15; atty.-gcn.of the Statein 1815; again 
in the senate in 1816 ; and bec.-.me the niling 
spirit of the n>t(rie of Democrats who controlled 
the State for over 20 years. He was n-moved 
from the otfice of atty .-gen. in 1 8 1 9 ; was a mem- 
ber of the State Const. Conv. in 1821; U.S. sen- 
ator 1821-S : chosen gov. of X. York in 1828 ; 
from Miir. 1829 to Apr. 7, 1831, sec. of state to 
Ptvs. Jackson ; app. minister to Eng. in 1831, 
but n-jwted by the senate; vice-pres. in 1833- 
7; and chosen pros, in 1837, but in 1841 was 
defeatiHl by Gen. llarri.son. who had 234 elec- 
tonil votes, while Van Bur-n receivoi but 60. 
In 1844 his renomin.ition by his party was 
rijeeti-d on account of his opposition to the an- 
nexation of Texas : in 1848 he was the candi- 
date of the antislavery p;>rty. With the cxcej)- 
tion of a Euroix-au tour in 1853-5, he afterward 
remained in private lite. On the outUrvak of 
the civil war, Mr. Van Buren declared himself 
decidedly and warmly in favor of mainiauiing 
the republic in its integrity. In 1820 he op- 
posed the admission of Mo. as a slave State. 
In the Const. Conv. he advocated an extension 
of the electoral franchises, but oppwed tmiver- 
s;d suiVrage, and also the eh'Ction of justices of 
the i>eace. As gov., he projiosed the s;tlcty- 
fund banking .system. -Vt the period of his 
accession to the presidency the country was in- 
volved in a crisis of unprveedented "sevcritv, 
and 2 months later the banks susjiended specw 
payment. To meet this state of things, an cx- 
traonlinary session of Congress Wits "convened 
in Sept., to which he pro|iosi'd various measures 
of relief. The principal measures of his admin- 
istration were the establishment of the indep. 
treasury, and the pre-emption law, giving set- 
tlers on public hands the right to buy them in 
;)refer>'nce to other persons. Xotwitlistandinj 
\'an Buren was the subject of much part' 



^'. 



935 



VAN- 



san denunciation, all parties have 1/orno testi- 
mony to liii udniiralile personal qualities. Ho 
m. a Miss IIoi'S al). 1^01, aud liad sovi ral sons. 
Autlcor of an "Inquiry into tlic ()ri;;in and 
Coi.rsc of Political Parties in the U.S.," edited 
liv his -sons, Svo, 1^07. — 6> /us L fc l,^ \V. 
UoUumI, 1S3G; U. Vrockelt, 1836; M. hiiuson, 
1 40; IK. /,. iladccnzie, Butler, and I/oi/t, 2 
vols. Svo, IS4G. 

Vance, Joseph, gov. of Ohio ISSO-S, b. 
Vi'a-liiiijton Co., Pa., Mar. 21, 17SG; d. near 
Uihana, O., Ang. 24. 18.-)2. His father, Joseph 
Colville, servcti throui;h the Revol. in Morgan's 
riile rest. ; afterwards settled in Ky. ; and in 
i SOJ \v,is one of the (irst two settlers of Urba- 
11,1, O. Joseph followed meieanlile pursuits 
wi.h success; was a incmberof the Ohio lej;isl. 
in 1>;I2-1G; M.C. 1821-.J.">, and again I84.i-7, 
serving as chairman of the com. on claims ; 
State senator 1839-41 ; and rose to the rank 
of inaj.-gen. of miliiia. Gov. V. was an en- 
thu iaslie farmer and stock-raiser. Delegate 
to the Whig Xat, Conv. at Phila. in 1848, ami 
10 the State Const. Conv. of 1820. — .1. T. 
iioodmaii. 

Vaace, Zeui-i.on B., gov. of N.C. UGI-.') 
(under the Confederacv), b. Buncombe Co., 
N.C, May 13, 1830 He spent a year at the 
U. of N.C; was adm. to the bar in 1833; 
member of the legisl. 18.")4-8; M.C. 1858-Gl; 
chosen U.S. .smatorin 1870. 

Van Cleve, Ui;n. IIouatio Phillips, b. 
Princeton, X. J., Nov. 23, 1809. West Point, 
18 !1. He studied at N. J. Coll. ; and was a 2d 
lieut. Ml Inf., resigning in 183G. Removing 
to Mich., he employed himself in agriculture 
and civil engineering. He wa.s a farmer in 
Minnesota in 18.'JG-GI ; and July 22, 18G1, was 
m.ule eol. of the 2d Minn. Vols. He com. this 
regt. at the battle of Mill Spiing.Jan. 19, 18G2; 
for his conduct on ibis occasion was made a 
brig.-gen. March 21, 18G2; com. a brigade in 
Crilteuden's division, before Corinth, through 
Northern Ala. ; and at Louisville took com. of 
the division on Crittenden's promotion (Oct. 1, 
1802) ; joining Hoseeranz in Dec, he took part 
in the battle of .Sione River, where lie was 
wounded, having rendered disting. service; on- 
gaged at liinggold. Ga., and Gordcm's Mills 1 1- 
13 Sept. 18G3 ; in battle of Cliickamauga 19-20 
Sept. 1 8G3 ; and in com. of Murl'rc>esborongh, 
Teuii., 186.3-3; adj.-gen. State of Minn, since 
Jan. 18G6. — Viillum. 

Van Cortlandt, Gex.'Philh', a patriot 
of tlie Revol.. b. New York, Scj.t. I, 1749; d. 
Nov. 5, 18.31. Son of Pierre. He In'oame a 
land-surveyor at the age of 19; but, when the 
Revol. broke out, he joined the jiatriot army as 
a lieut.-col-. In 1776 he was app. col. 2d N.Y. 
Regt. ; served at the battle of Stillwater, also 
against the frontier Indians in 1778; in 1780 
com. a re'.it. of militia under Lafayette, and for 
hi - gallant conduct at Yorktowii was ]iromoted 
to brig.-gcn. JlenilH'r of the N.Y. As.senibly 
1 7o8-90 ; of the State Conv. which adopted the 
U. S. Constitution in 1788; senator 1791-4; 
and M.C. 1791-1809. Gen. Van Cortlandt ac- 
■omp. Lafaviite in his lour through the U.S. 
in 1824. Ills dan. (ierlrnde m. Admiral Sir 
Kdward Buller, and d. 3 Oct. 1849. 

Van Cortlandt, Piehue, licut.-gov. of 



NY. 1777-93; d. Cortland, N.Y., 1 May, 1814, 
a. 94. Bro. of the preceding. Member 1st 
Prov. Congress, also of the com. whi.h fr.imcd 
the constitution of X.Y. 'I'Ik- Van Cortlamit 
faniilv, originallv noble in Hollanil. was estab- 
lished in America by Rt. lion. (Jliver Stephen, 
who in 1629 accomp. the Dutch gov. to N.Y. 
as secivtary. 

Vancouver, Geohgk, navigator and ex- 
plorer of the nortli-west coa-t of Anmiea; b. 
ab. I7.")7 ; d. May 10, 170:-'. I'.nteiing ill" navy 
in 1771, he aeeomp. Cocdi in his two la -t voy- 
ages, and in the latter | art of 1780 was ajip. 
a licut. ; in 1790 he was m ide master and com. 
of " The Discovery," in which ship lie was sent 
out to ascertain if "there existed in Xorth Amer- 
ica, between the 30rh and 60th degrees of n. 
lat., an interior sea or any canals of communi- 
cation between the known gull's of the Atlantic 
and the great sea. He sailed from ICiig. Apr. 
1, 1791 ; and, after an examination of the 
Sandwich Islands, crossed in .March, 1792, to 
the American coast, where lie received the sur- 
render of Xootka from the Spaniards, and 
spent the summers of 1792, '93, and '94 in sur- 
veying the coast as far N. as Cook's Inlet, win- 
tering in the Sandwich Islands. He consid- 
ered his explorations to have settled the ques- 
tion of a north-west passage in the negative. 
Vancouver's Island was named by biin. On 
his return, ho surveyed mo.;t of the W. coast 
of S. America from the Island of Chiloc, visit- 
ing the chief Spanish scttlemqnts. He was 
made a post-capt. in 1794, and arrived in Loud, 
in Nov. 1795 in a state of deeiining health I'lom 
the effects of his voyages, but devoted himself 
to the arrangement of his manuscripts for pub- 
lication until within a short time of his death. 
His Voyages, edited by his bro., was printed 
at the expense of govt. (4to. Loud. 1798). and 
was shortly afti'r translated into I'"rcncli, Ger- 
man, and Swedish. 

Vandenhoff, George, actor and readei', 
son of John M., a celeb, actor, b. En'.', ab. 
1820. Made his Mmt Oct. 14, 1839, at'Cov- 
cnt Garden, London, a.s Leon, in "Rule a 
Wife, and Have a Wife." Left the Eng. stage 
Aug. 1, 1842, as Hamlet; app. at the Park 
Theatre, N.Y. , Sept. 21, 1842, as Hamlet ; took 
farewell of the stage in Nov. ISJG; was adm. 
to the bar in Nov. 1858; and has latterly given 
public readings. Author of a " Plain System 
of Elocution ; " " Leaves from an Actor's Note- 
Book," &c., 18C0 ; " Dramatic Reminiscences," 
&e., 1859; "Clerical Assistant, an Kloeution- 
arv Guide," 1862; "A Lady's Reader," 1862. 

Vanderbilt, ConxELics, a wealthy and 
cnterjirising citizen of N.Y.. b. Staten Island, 
X.Y., May 1794. Originally poor, he began 
business as master of a small sail-boat ; beciinjo 
ca|it. of asteaniboat in 1817 ; built many steam- 
boats and .stcamsliips of improved construction, 
and in 1851 established a line from N.Y. to 
California by way of Nicaragua. In U'G2 ho 
gave to the (l.S. govt, bis new steamer " The 
Vandca-bilt," which cost 8800,000, and for 
which Congress jiassed a resolution of thanks. 
He now has the chief control of the X.Y. Cen- 
tral and the Harlem Railroads. " His enter- 
prise, genius, an<l success are known and felt 
the world over." 



'^'A:sr 



936 



"VAJsr 



.S..nf i«-,o TJ' • • ' '■ '"''' **• 'here 23 
>-M>r. i?o_. fcvincin- aptitude for paintin" 
he we,.t at 16 to X.Y. Ciiv. where he me iveti 
instHK-tion from Gilbert Sinart; wem t^Par s 
I",., 'hi"'™"''' ■"^'"^ of Aa;onB!;.!r,stud! 
n I^o^i'.-'^'u' ""■'' """'" '■'"'■'''■J i" Europe 
amid the Uinns of Cartha-e " won the irold 
nndal a, ,h„ Uuvre in 1SU8. and a l.i.'h con. 
P .:nnit (ro.-n Xapol.on. While i„ f,ah he 
nu.de many copies ot the old masters, esped'aik 
Anadne, ,he Danae and the Amiope of 
Cora-,.,,., and a len.ale H;,ure from the'^tranj- 
ft^'nra.ion of liaphael. After his second rltum 
to America he painted portraits of Madi'o™ 

<l "r"™'i'''' »• ''■'""?'"■ «"" '-"V othe; 
oiMiii- TO, n. He introduced panoramic exhi 
bit.oiis into the U S., but was pecunhrilv un 
sncccs.l„|. In 1832 he was commis" o '^1 to' 
paint a f„„.,en;,,h of Washington "foi-'riehaH 
r imcd th'-;''7''*""^""'^^; ""'• '" '839 

^z;^£.he s^tSrol'^i;-- 
:?:«'it.Sof;.J^r^:=Sr"" ^'^•- 

hrT^'^O ^rf®'"-'^"'"' FERDi.VAND. b. But. 

ii„ P nv ' "■ -'■' *-■■'• F"'""'-* Coll., 0. 
Ko,e horn a p.ivate to capt. Ut Ohio Ren in 

of tir'a-": T •■■' """i "^ -''°"'"'=>- h'-»<iea one 
Of the assaulting columns. Uc afterwards 

com 01 McCoo.k s brigade in Sept. 1862 and 

a da'T'n ?';<'^'""-:^"-in the fall of 1864; 

h' tile oF M I s"'- *"' ™rP^- H*^ »-'^^ '" ■"« 
nattlc of Mill Spring, and was highly distin- 

Rc1?h**^ y^-^**^' ^^"^^ Oliver, D.D., 
li.C. br>hop ol .Natchez, h. Bel-inn. 1792- ri 
^aIc•llC7.. JIpi., Nov 13 IS-,,; .r""". ''»^, d. 

tr.uisteiTcl to .Natchez, Julv 29 185.3 

ist-'qf "^'"^'■■'"•P '" <^«"- I'- J*'- Smith 
184,-9; brev. capt. and major for .rallintrr 
ai Cerro Uordo and at Contreras and Chur^ 

.i'.rc.;,„t!"'T-\r' ^""p""^-?-.- wounde'r:; 

capt 2d Cav. 3 .Mar. 1855; disting. in scvera 
coiiflios w„h the Comaiiches in W T„ oifi 

?twic.",l' ' ""■'• ',*^'' •"^"'^ * ti."^ wounded 
twice dangerously); major 2d Cav. 28 June 
I860. Long known in the armv as zeaIo„rr; 
<l^-vu.e,l to the interests of the sfavchS 
btatcs. he was among the first to re i ^h^ 
c»mmi>sii>ii (Jan •?! ikkii u '^'■'■'^ His 

th,. P. ..,„i ■' ' '861) : became a col. in 

the r„„ie, s..rv„^; ,ook com. of a body of 

Anr 4 ,r ;?' '!""■ " ''^' " «' Indianola ■ 
U2,d the .surrender of .Maj. C. C. Silicv 
"■Id , u.mpanies of U.S. inf. ; and .Mav g of 
ii<nt.-r..l Recve,-and 6 companies sih Inf 
*,a,le bng..;,en., and soon after maj.-gcn he 
took com. ot the Trans-.\lpi. dist Jan^29, rS62 



was defeated at the battle of Pea Rid-e Mar 
6, 7, and 8 ; was supcrsede.l bv Gen. Holm "^ 
joined the army in Mpi. ; con,: and wa, Sj 
cd at the battle of Co.inth, Oct. 3, 4 • a, d was 

don r, ■ ^*^''" -./M-r. 10. 1863, l,y (Jen. Go.-- 
i"" ^.■'"f-7'-, "e was shot by Dr. Petcre 
wli^se lani.ly he ha,l injured. ' 

Van Dyke, .Nichol.xs, pivs. of Delaware 
and member Cont. Congress 1777-Sods7' 
George's Hundred, DelTig Feb. 178'9: a fo 
^r^8^- .'6?"?"x? <'^^^, ''"'-' • ■• U.S. K'n": 
N J. CoTli'78s. ■"'"'' ""•' •*^^' 'S^S- 

ivent Lng., 1612; executed on Tower Hill 
London, June 14, 1662. Son of Sir Hc"rv 
sec. of state, and treas. of the royal hous^! 
hold under James Land Charles L Educated 
at \Aestmin„eran,l ().x,„rd, he becanTe "^far 
S'lo'tT "'.'^ '""T" °f Englai.Tthatt 
turned from a residence at Geneya a RiLb 
and a Puritan. Resolving to join the Pur ," „ 
Colony of JIs. he reached Bo>toii Oct 3 

lt).J6, at the age ol 24, was chosen "ov A 

;'i"Te;ml,r, ffi^-'^v^"^ 'p'^^"^ "■p'""-i4 

Ills term of office. Vane was prolabiv ihp 

birri':hr';'f' '"""• "'"' P-^'-o" t'-e iuiiola' 
ble rij;ht» of conscience and the exemption of 
religion from all civil authority. He Imd a 
horror of all lorms of bigotry, and had no sym 

""d o Vhul,:^ '"""« "pposinon, under the 
leau 01 U mthrop, was orgai.izcl a-ainst him 
and he was^at the ne.vt election defeSn^d The 
CF,l" ^""°"' ''"""■"• '"""ediatelv chose 
h"' "'.7'-,'^P"^^nt:.tive to the GeiieralCourt 
He sailed lor Eiu'land Au" 3 ifi-i- 
elected ,0 parliamc'nt, and wai; wi-.llVwT 
Kus^cll, nia.le joint t«;asuier of the n a y a "d 

n 'w. "'r K ^•'^ '" '•='" I" "■« 'o"S parH,/men, 
o which he was a member, he wal instrumeu ' 
al m the conyic.ion ot Sirafford, and a S.s 
oppo„e„t,,f,heroyalis.s; was iheTilmc^.t: ' 

ot the Solemn League and Covenant ■ ».„! 

"wtTth k n 'T"""T'' •^"'P''"'^^'' "»' "ea 
Mill the king during the war; and in 1648 led 

the niinonty of parliament which favored he 
niL King. ^ot approving of Cromwell's 
"purge of the piirliament he witTd rw to 
private l.le, uniil, in Feb. 1649. he Hxame a 
member of the council of state, which waTin 
trusted with the exec. govt, of ,'he na.io" He 

^x;^fts;;;r:::^i'-at5 
^^Xm-^'-r:ii:^diS 

in April, 16j3. brought Vane and Cromwell 

inrriXt" ^"1" ''^l ' ""." ''""'•'' opiJitTn wa 
^Zl '"••^"•■''."length, that he was fora short 
t.meconhned in Carisbrooke Castle. In the 
parl,..,mcnt of 1659 he was the lender o" he 
Kcpub. party. Committed to the Tower after 
■ lie restoration, he was one o( the 20 excent^ 
from the act o( oblivion and pardon ' 1^ 
bcanng at the place o( execution was dignitiec 



V-Ajsr 



937 



-VAJJ 



and manly. He was a leader of the Independ- 
ents. His services to Xew England were im- 
jx)rt;int. It was in great measure tlirough his 
intiiience that the charter lor the R.I. Colony 
was |)rocured, and Roger Williams declared 
that his name ought ever to be held in honored 
rcmemhrance by her people. He was, Siivs 
Forsicr, " one of the greatest and purest men 
that ever walked the earth." His Life, by C. 
W. Upham, is in Sparks's "American Biogra- 
phy," iv. The present duke of Cleveland, in 
whose veins the blood of Charles II. also flows, 
is his lineal descendant. 

Van Ness, Cqrxelic.s Petek, LL.D. 
(U. of Vt. 1823), jurist and diplomatist, b. Vt. 
Jan. 26, 1782 ; d. Phila. Dec. 15, 1852. Edu- 
cated for the law, he practised with gre;it suc- 
cess at Buriington, Vt. ; was U.S. atty. 1809- 
I'J ; representative 1818-21; a commiss. to 
settle our national boundaries under the treaty 
of Ghent 1817-21 ; colleciorof the port of Bur- 
lington 1815-18; chief justice of the State 
1821-3 ; gov. 1823-6 ; minister to Spain 1829- 
39 ; collector of the port of New York 1 844-5. 

Van Ness, Willia.m W., juri.Nt, b. Clav- 
enack, X.Y., 1776; d. Charleston, S. C, Feb. 
27,1823. Adm. to the bar in 1797. He prac- 
tised in his native town and in Hud>on. Mem- 
ber of the Assembly in 1804-6 ; judge N.Y. 
Sup. Court 1807-22; member State Const. 
Conv. 1823. 

Van Rensselaer (van rJn'seller), Cort- 
land, D.D. I U.ol X.Y. 1845], a son of Stephen, 
b. Alhaiiv, Mav 25, 1808 : d. Burlington, N. J., 
July 25, 1860. ' Y.C. 1827. Adm. to the N.Y. 
bar in 1830; studied at the Theol. Sem. in 
Princeton; was ord. in 1835, and preached in 
Va. In 1837 he became pastgr of the 1st 
Presb. Church, Burlington, X. J. As agent 
for the Coll. of X. J., he raised S100,000 for its 
endowment. He founded the Presb. Mayazine, 
and contributed largely to Its pages. A vol. 
of his Essays and Discourses, Hist, and Prac- 
tical, ed. by his son. was pub. 8vo, Phila. 1861. 

Van Rensselaer, C»l. Henrv, insp.- 

pen. USA., b. X. York 1810 ; d. Cincinnati, 
March 23, 1864. West Point, 1831 ; res. from 
5th Inf Jan. 27, 1832. Son of Stephen. M.C. 
from N.Y. 1841-3. App., on the brcakingout 
Df the Rel>cllion, chief of staff to Gen. Scott, 
with rank of brig-gen.; and, on Scott's retire- 
ment. wa« inaiie insp.-gen., with rank of colonel. 

Van Rensselaer, Ge.s. Henry Kil- 

LiAN, b. near Albany, 1744; d. Greenbush, 
N.Y., Sept. 9, 1816 'lie com. a N.Y. rcgt. in 
the Revol. war ; was wounded at the capture of 
Burgoyne; and was afterward a gen. of mili- 
tia. In July, 1777, he was attacked by a large 
force near Kort Anne. He made a brave re- 
sistance, but, learning of the abandonment of 
Tiiondcroga, he withdrew. In this affair he 
was severely wounded in the thigh. 

Van Rensselaer, Jeremiah, Revol. pa- 
triot, b. 1741 ; d. Albanv, Feb. 22, 1810. N.J. 
Coll. 1733. Lieut.-gov.'of N.Y. 1801-3; M.C. 
1789-91. 

Van Rensselaer, Gev. Solomo-?, b. 

Rensselaer (.'.... X.Y., Aug. 6, 1774; d. Al- 
bany, April 23, 1852. Son of Gen. Henry 
Killian. He entered the service March 14, 
1792, as a comet of cavalry, and as capt. was 



severely wonnded through the lungs in the 
battle of Miami ; fought under (jcn. Wayne, 
Aug. 20, 1794; in lSOl-10 and in 1813 he 
served as adj.-gen. of N.Y. militia ; in the as- 
sault upon Queenstown Heights, Oct. 13, 1812, 
being then lleut.-col. of N.Y. Vols., he performed 
a conspicuous and gallant part, and received 
fourwouiids. M.C. 1819-22; postnia.stcr at Al- 
bany 1822-39. In 1^36 he pub. a " Narrative 
of the Affair at Qiicensto« n." 

Van Rensselaer, Stephen, LL.D. (Y. 

C. 1825), " the patroon," b. New York, Nov. 
1, 1764; d. Albany, Jan. 26, 1839. U.U. 1782. 
He was the 5th in lineal descent from Klliaen 
Van R., the original patroon, or proprietor, of 
a tract of land which in 1637 was 24 miles in 
breadth by 48 in length, extending over the 
greater part of Albany, Renss., and Col. Coun- 
ties. His mother was Catharine, dan. of Phil- 
ip Livingston. In 1783 he m. a dan. of Gen. 
Philip Schuyler. Member of the Assembly in 
1789, of the State senate in 1790-5 ; !icut.-gov. 
1795-1801; member of the Const. Conv. of 
1801, and most of the time its presiding officer ; 
in 1810-11 one of the commiss. for exploring 
the route and considering the feasibility of a 
western canal; from 1816 till his death was 
one of the canal commiss., and for 15 years 
pres. of the board. In 1801 he com. the State 
cavalry, with the rank of gen. ; was in com. 
of the N.Y. militia on the breakingont of the 
war of 181 2. and assaul ted and took Queenstown, 
Canada, but was eventually deleatcil. He was 
again a member of the legisl. in IS16; in 1819 
was elected a regent of the State U., and sub- 
sequently its chancellor; in 1820 pres. of the 
State agric. board; in 1821 a member of the 
Const. Conv.; and M.C. in 182.3-9. where his 
vote caused the election of J. Q. Adams. Un- 
der his direction, and at his expense. Prof. 
Eaton made his geol. surveys of X.Y. in 1821- 
3. In Xov. 1824 he established at Troy a sci- 
entific school for the instruction of teachers, 
incorporated in 1 826 as the liensselaer Institute. 
Fully one-half of its current expenses were 
borne by him, and he continued to aiil it till his 
death. Author of "A Geol. and Agric. Sur- 
vey of the Dist. adjoining the Erie Canal," 8vo, 
1 824. — See a Discourse ofllie Life, Sarices, and 
Cfiaracter of Van fiensseJaer, In/ O. /J. Barnard. 
Van Santvoord, George, lawver and 
author, b. Belleville, X. J., Dec. 8, 1819; killed 
at E. Albanv, bv being run over bv a train of 
cars, March 6.' 1863. Un. Coll.' 1841. His 
father. Rev. Staats, was pa,sior of the Dutch 
Ref Church at Belleville. He stuilieil law at 
Kindcrhook, removed to Indiana, but returned 
to K., and practiseil law from 1846 to 1852, 
when he went to Troy, N.Y. In 1852 and '56 
he was fleeted to the State Assembly, and in 
1859 became dist. -atty. of Rcn.sselaer Co. He 
pub. " Life of Algernon Sidney," 1851 ; 
" Lives of the Chief Justices of the U.S.," 8vo, 
1834; "Principles of Pleading in Civil Ac- 
tions under the N.Y. Code," S\-n, 1852 and 
1855 ; " Precedents of Pleading," 1858 ; " Prac- 
tice in the Supreme Court of N.Y.. in Equity 
Actions," 1860-2 ; and " The Indiana Jus- 
tice," 1845. He also wrote for the iJemoc. lie- 
view lives of leading French revolutionists, 
including Robespierre, Danton, and I'arnat. 



Van Schaack, rKXER, LL.n. (Col. CM. 

1S20). jiiii>t ami lovulist, li. Kimlerluiok, N.Y., 
Sliiivli. 1747: il. tlu'iv Sept. 37, 1S32. Col. 
Coll. 17fiS. IK' snuliiM law; was nilin. to 
pmctiou ill 1 TC9 ; iiinl in 1 7 73 was app. to revise 
the statutes of X. Y. Beiiij; eoiiseieiitioiisly 
op(>o<eil to eugasiinjr i" eivil war, lie left this 
ooiintry at llio elosc of 177S, aniviii!; in Loii- 
iloii Jan. 14, 1779; in 17SJ he remrneil. ami 
^o^^^ne^l liis pn>fessi.>n, ilevoiins; nimh of his 
time to ;;ivin^ instiuciiiin in ilie science of the 
law. In 17S^hepiili. " Conductor Ccneralis, 
or ilie Dutv ami Auiliority of Justices. SheriiVs, 
Coroners, "ConslaMes, Jailers, .Inrvnicn, ami 
Overset'i-s of the Potir," which he ivviseil, ami 
Hilaptol to the U.S.; "Laws of the Colony 
of N. Y. u;!)l-177;t," 2 vols. fol. 1773. His 
Diarv, Journal, anil letters, ciliteil by Henry 
C. Van Schaack, were pnh. In 1S42. 

Van Sohaick, Obn. Cozen, b. Albany, 
17:i7 ; d. July 4, I7S9. His father was mayor 
of Albany in" 1756-61. At the ajre of 19' ho 
was app. lieut. in the exi>e»i. ajrainst down 
I'oini, in which the Frenoli ami Imllans wero 
defeatol at Sahbatlnlav I'oint ; capt. May 3"., 
173S. He tiHik part in the cxihhIs. aptinst 
Forts Fixnitenac ami Nia^ira ; ui.-ijor in Col. 
Johnson's N.Y. Hegt. Mar. 7, 1759 ; ami Mar. 
20, 1762, lieut.-t-ol. in the 1st N.Y. Ue^'t. At 
the Imnle of 'rieomlerospj he roceiveil a severe 
blow on the oliei'k from the butt of a French 
musket, which KhI to a caiu-crous ilisease, of 
which lie linallv died. On the breakinfi-ont 
of the licvol. he' was inaile ci>l. 2il X.Y. Kejit. ; 
Nov. 2J, 1776. he was app. to the first N.Y. 
battaliiui ; ami a few w«ks later he was sent on 
an expeil. to Cherry Valley to priiteot the in- 
hahltants ajrainst the incursions of Uiamlt. am) 
was active ami efficient ilnriiig this ami the 
subsei^nent eampaisjii. At the battle of Slon- 
nionlh he acted as brii:.-g*n. to I.011I Siirlinj;; 
in Apr. 1779 he was app. by WashiuLrton to 
head a select detachnieut, wiih which he de- 
stroyed the t>iionda^a settleinents. Couiiix'ss 
for this service yiave him a vote of thanks. 
App. brif-.-Kon. by brewt Oct. 10, 17S3. He 
was a rigid disciplinarian, his ro<;t. U^ing one 
of the best in the service ; and his patriotism 
was freelv shown in sacrilicins his private for- 
tune to the public good. — Iloliiiile. 

Van Wart, Is.vac, one of the captors of 
Andre, b, lin-ensbnrg, N.Y., 1746; d. Mount 
Pleasant. NY.. May 23, 1§2S1. 

Vargas, Jose. M.l)., an eminent physician, 
and pres. of Veiiciuela, b. Venezuela 1 7S6 ; d. 
New York, July 14. 1S54. Educated at the U. 
of Canuvas and at Ediiibnrgh. Ho visited 
England, Fnineo, and Spain: practised his 
profession several years in the Island of Torto 
Kiev> with smtvss, and Iwauio the jjiost emi- 
nent surg\xin in the \V. Indies. Uetuining to 
Caraeeas in his native country, he successfully 
exerted his intluence with Bidivar to obtain for 
the university there a cinle of laws, and an en- 
dowment for its maintenance. He became 
prof, of anatomy, of sui>?>ry, and al.so of chem- 
istry ; pub. his Lectures, which Inx-amo text- 
Iwolks for the institution, of which he was 
snl>se»\ueutly made prcs. or rector, and with 
which he was connected for iipwanls of 23 
fears. He (HMsessed the most valuable collec- 



tion of minerals and plants in Venciuela, the 
most extensive chemical laboratory, and ihe 
hiiyest privaie librarv. Member of seieniilio 
instiiulions in lioth 'licniisphervs. A Icailinj; 
member of the first congress of the ivpublic, 
and was elected pres. in IS34; afterward seiia- 
toi', and councillor of state. 

Varick, Coi.. Kiciiaki>. Ucvol. soldier, b. 
Hackeu.sack. X.J., Marvli 25, 1753; d. Jersey 
Cily. Julv 30, lS;il. On the breakingont of 
tlic'lScvoi. war, he was a priicli>iiig lawier in 
X.Y, City. He cnteretl the service as capt. in 
McDongall's rt-gl ; was inililary .set", to lien. 
Schuyler, who then com. the northern army : and 
wassiil>se<iucntly app. dep. iniisier-in.ister-gfii., 
with the rank of lieut -col. lie ivinaincil with 
that army umil niter the capture ol Bni-goyiie, 
In Oct. 1777, when he acted as ins(i.-gcn. at 
West I'oint until after the di>covery of Ar- 
nold's nuHlilalcd treason. He then iKX-ame a 
ineiiit>cr of Washington's military family, and 
acted as rcc. sec. until near the close of the 
war. After the evacuation of the city by the 
Britifli (Xov. 25, 1783), Col. Varick was'a^ip. 
rivorvler of the city of New York, which ofhco 
he held till 17S9,"when he limk the ofii.v of 
atty.-gen. of the Slate, and subsctpiently that of 
mayor, which he held until ISOl ; in 17!<6 ho 
was app., with Samuel Jones, reviser of tho 
State laws. The result of their laliors was tho 
volume which bears their name, i.ssnetl In 1789. 
Ill I7S7 he was -siwaker of the House of As- 
sembly. One of tlie founders of ilie -Vinericaii 
Bible Society, and, on the resignation of John 
Jay, was eliried pres. In m'l-son ho was tall 
(over six feet in height), and of iin^ioslng prcs- 
ciico. 

Varnun^ James Mitchell, brig.-gen. 
Rcvol. arniv, and an eminent lawver, b. l)i'!i- 
cnt. Ms.. 1749: d. Marietta. tL, Ja'n. 10, 1789. 
U.I. Coll. 1769. .\dni. to the bar. he settled 
at East (.iivenwich. wherx; he rapidly ai quired 
a lucrative |iractice. In 1774 lie was maJo 
com. of the Kenilsh Guards, a i-oiii|>;iny which 
gave to tho Uevol. nrniy Gen. (ireene. Col. 
Crary, Major Wliitniarsh, and some SO other 
commissioned officci-s; app. c-ol. 1st K.l. IJegt. 
in Jan. 1775, he was soon after put on tho 
coiit. establishment ; made a brig.-gvn. Feb. 21 , 
1777; and Xov. 1 was detached to lied Bank, 
wlieiv he com. all the American Inn^ps on iho 
Jersey side of the Del. when the British took 
riiila". It was under his direction that Major 
Thayer made his gallant defence of Fort Mif- 
flin, for which Congress proseiiied a swortl to 
Col. Samuel Smith, who had relinqui.-.licd the 
com. the <lay before the attack. In the lollovy- 
ing winter ho was at Valley Forge ; and his 
Letters, quoted by Mr. Sparks, pri'sent vivid 
picluix-s of the siiflierings of the army during 
that memorsible perioil. He took part in iho 
battle ot Monmouth, June 28, 1778. In Julv, 
1778, he joined Sullivan in his exped. to K.I., 
serving under the inimeiliate orrlers of Lafay- 
ette; bni, resigning his commission In 1779, 
was soon after electol mai.-geii. of militia, 
which office he held till bis death. In 1780-2 
and 1786-7 he was an active, eloqueiit, aud In- 
fluential raemlHT of the Old Congre.ss. A;>p. 
a judge of the Supreme Court in ilic Xorth-west 
Territory, he removed to Marietta in June, 



VA.R 



989 



VA.U 



1799, mill held that office till he died. — Updike's 
II. I. ISw. 

Varnum, Okn. Joski-h BiiAin.iiV, soldier 
and stateMiiiin, bro. of the piveediiij^, b IJni- 
cut, Mk., 1750; d. there Se|jt. II, 182I. He 
sustuiiK'd iiuix>rtuiit oQices in the Kevol. uriiiy ; 
alUT wliiih tie was rep., senator, and council- 
lor of Ms. ; M.C. in 1795-1811; s|«aker oltlie 
lOih and llth Congre.-.-^'.s ; and U.S. senator 
1911-17. He was a nieml)erof the conv. whieli 
ratilied the U.S. Con^tiIntion in 1787; a lead- 
ing nu'nil)er of other State conventions ; and 
at the time of hi.s death was senior nieiul>er of 
the senate, and the oldest niaj.-j,'en. in the 
State, lie was an earnest advocate of the 
I'Vilcral Constitution, and a zealous sujiporter 
of .Iclferson. 

Vassar, MatiuvW, founder of the Vassar 
Coll., I). Norfolk CO., Kn-., Apr. 29, 1792; d. 
Pou^'hkecp-ie, June 2;i. 1K08. His father came 
to the US. in 1791), settled in 1797 on a farm 
near l'oiij;likiTpsie, and carried on a brewery 
from 1801 to 1812. His son followed this 
business, and acciiinnlatcd a lar;;e fortune. In 
Feb. 1801 he delivered to trustees incor|)orated 
for the [lurnosc S408,OOU for the foiiiidiii'; of 
a female cotle;^. After his death, it was lound 
that the iK'iiuesls he had made lor its endow- 
ment, ri'pair, and furnisliing, increased the 
aggrejtale to over $800,000. lie did not jiro- 
pose to make it a charity-school, but to ofl'er 
the hijihest educational facilities to females at a 
moderate expense, and to admit as bcneliciaries 
those who were unable to iiuet even this e.K- 
pense. Its site is alujiit one mile from I'ough- 
Kcciisic, and contains about 'MO acres. 

Vaudreuil 'vO'-drul'), Piiir-ii-FE db Ri- 
iiAL'u, Jlarijiiis de, gov. of Canada from 170.3 
to his d., Quebec, (Jet. 10, 172a. Son of the 
Marquis de V^., who wiu killed at Luzara in 
1702. He entered young into the caa-er of 
arms ; was distinguished at the siege of Valen- 
ciennes ; was named iir 1689 gov. of Montreal ; 
6erve<J under Fronteiiae in the great exjicd. 
against the Iroijuuis; in 1690 was engaged in 
ihe defence of (juclx,-c against the attack of 
Admiral I'liins ; three years afterward he sur- 
prised and (Icfeated La Chaudiere Noir, the 
most terrible and cunning of the Iiofpiois. 
Ue gave up the military for the naval senice, 
and in 1702, before inheriting his father's title, 
obtained a seiiiniorv. De Vaudreuil gave the 
English Colonies incredible trouble by the long 
war he maintained against them by exciting 
the savages to |x;r|)etual inroads on their fron- 
tiers. Alter the accession of Louis XV., lie 
cft'eelerl numerous reforms in the Colony, the 
most imiKirlunt of which were the iinjirove- 
ment of education and civilization. His son 
I'lCRnK FnANf.ois, Marquis de Vaudreuil- 
Cavagnal, the last French gov. of Canada, and 
the best, b. Quebec, 1698, d. France, 1764. 
Entering the army, he iK'camc major in the 
marine corps. In 17.3.1 he became gov. of 
Three liivers, and in 1743 of La. lie succeed- 
ed to his father's title in 1 748, and in 1 755 was 
maile g<iv. of New France. The jealousy, or 
rather ctintenipt, with which Montcalm regard- 
ed him, tended to hasten Ihe downfall of the 
French cmjiire in America. After the sur- 
render of Montreal, he returucU to France, and 



was imprisoned in the Uastille on charges pre- 
ferred by the friends of Montcalm ; but a trial 
at ti' chutilit de /'(iris exonerated him from 
blame, and lie was released, but strip|ied of 
nearly all his [losscssions. Another son, 
I'iKiini:: Frani;oi§ Kigald, eliev. de,b. Mon- 
treal, 8 Feb. 1704, was a brave soldier; eup- 
tured Fort Massaeliuseits ; defeated Col. I'ftrkcr 
at I.,ake St. Sacranicnt ; and inrforiiicd other 
iinporlant services. He was living at St. Ger- 
luaiite en lave in 1770. — Muii/an. 

Vaughan, I5k.\iamin,LL.IJ (H.U. 1807), 
a iiiaii of learning and benevolence, b. in the 
Island of Jamaica, Ajir. 19, 1751; d. Hallo- 
well, Jle., Dec. 8, 18.35. Samuel his father, 
who was a wealthy jilanter, removed to Lon- 
don ; placed his son at the Univ. of Cam- 
bridge. Aller studying law at Ihe Tem- 
ple, and niedicine at tlie U. of I'dinburgh, to 
which he devoted niiieh of his attention during 
hi.- sub.sequeni life, he collected u valuable med- 
ical library, and, although he did not practice 
as a physician, exemplitied his benevolent eliar- 
aeicr by visiting his ])Oor neighlxirs, and ad- 
ministering to their necessities gratuitously. 
Elected a member of imrliainent in 1792, lie 
for several years zealously supported the Whigs. 
In 1796 he cinig. to liiillowell. Me., where he 
6u|>erintended a large farm, and employed him- 
self in the jierfornianee of Jets of benevolence. 
A part of his line library he gave to Howdoin 
College. Author of " The Uiiral Socrates," 
8vo. 1800 ; and transl. of " Travels of a 
I'hilos,," from the French of I'oivre, 1797. 

Vaughan, Chaui.es, bro. of lienj., b. 
Eng., .30 .June, 1759; d. Hallowell, May 15, 
18.(9. Came to the U.S. ab. 1785. An active 
mcrehunt, a man of great eiiergj- and enter- 
prise ; dlstiiig. for his knowledge and useful- 
ness, and particularly for his enterprise and 
successful exertions for improving the agricul- 
ture of Maine. • 

Vaughan, Sm Jons, K.U., a disting. 
British gen., b. 17.'!8; d. Martinique, June .30, 
1795. Second son of the Earl of Lisburnc. 
Was app. in 1746 a coniet 10th Dragoons; 
served in the war in Germany and in the W. 
Indies, particularly at the taking of Mariinico, 
where, as lieut.-eof., he greatly disting. Iiini-elf; 
app. May 11, 1775, col. of the 46tli liegt., 
which befng ordered to America, he served aa 
brig, and inaj. gen. on the stalf ; and upp. Jan. 
28, 1777, a maj.-gen. on the British e«tablish- 
nient. He led the' grenadiers to the attack of 
Brooklyn on Long Island ; at the landing on 
New York he was wounded in Ihe thigh ; he 
com. at the storming of Fort Montgomery; 
and, for his intrepidity. Sir Henry Clinton, in 
his orders, gave it the name of Fort Vaughan. 
With SirJames Wallace, he sailed up tliellud- 
son in ()vt. 1777 on a marauding ex]ied., and 
destroyed Kingston, or Esopus ; in May, 1779, 
he captured Stony Point and Verplancks on the 
Hudson; after the campaign of 1779, he re- 
turned to Eng., and was in Dec. app. com.-in- 
chief in the li^ward Lslands ; Feb. 3, 1781, in 
conjunction with Uodney, he took St. Eusta- 
tiiis. In 1779 he was app. gov. of Fort VVil- 
liam ; was a lieiit.-gen. and gov. of Berwick, 
and a representative for Berwick in parliaineni 
from 1774 till his death. 



-VAXT 



940 



■VTER 



Vaughan, Lieut.-Colonel William, b. 

PoiKinuuth. N.II., Sept. 12, 170.!; d. Lond. 
Die. 11,1740. II U. 1 722. His father Geort!:e, 
lieut.-jrov. of X.H. 1715-17, b. Apr. 13, 1676, 
d. Nov. 20, 1724. H.U. 1696. The son was 
laryelv coiicomcd in fisheries, and had settled 
at Damariscotta. Conceivinsr the idea of the 
capture of Loiiisburg. he went to Boston to 
sii^'gest an e.xped. against that place, and took 
pan in its capture under Pepperell. At the 
head of a detachment, chiefly of N.H. troops, 
he niarclied in the night to the northeast part 
of the harbor, where they burned the ware- 
houses, and staved a large quantity of wine and 
brandy. Tlie French were forced by the smoke 
to desert the grand battery, of which Vaughan 
next morning took possession, and bravely de- 
fended; and theeity soon afterfcU. Overlooked 
in the distribution of ministerial rewards, he 
went to Cii;r. to assert his claims, and d. there. 

Vaughan, Sir William, LL.D. (Oxford, 
1605), poet and physician, b. Wales, 1577 ; d. 
al>. 1040. Ab. 1625 he took up his residence 
on land he had purchased in Newfoundland ; 
established a plantation, which he called Cam- 
briol ; and, to incite settlers from England, 
sent home and pub. in 1626 his "Golden 
Fleece," a quaint tract in prose and verse. In 
1640 he pub. "The Church Militant" in verse. 
" The Xewlander's Cure," 1630, gives some 
account of his settlement at N., and other ex- 
periences. 

Vaux, IJiCHAKD, son of Roberts, b. Phila. 
1817. Recorder of that city 1S42-7; mayor 
1856-8. lie has pub. remarks on the Writ 
of Habeas Corpus, 1843 ; Reports of Cases 
while Recorder; 28 Annual Reports of the 
Insp. of the Penitentiary ; 3 Reports of Direct- 
ors of Girard Coll. ; " Hist, of the First Ilose 
Co. of Phila. ; " "Biog. Notice of J. P. Weth- 
crill," 1853; essays on penal science; be- 
sides addresses, lectures on social science, criti- 
cal and humorous essays, &c. — See Democ. 
Hevifiv, sxi. 167. 

Vaux, Roberts, philanthropist of Phila., 
b. Jan. 21, 1786; d. Jan. 7, 1836. His father, 
an eminent merchant, d. in 1790. Roberts was 
educated at Friends' Acad., being a member of 
that denomination, and early relinquished mer- 
cantile business to devote himself to active 
philanthropic labors. The subjects of educa- 
tion, amelioration of the penal code, prison dis- 
cipline, enlightened charities, and scientific 
investigations, constantly occupied his mind. 
14 years prcs. of the board of controllers of the 
public schools of Phila. To him the peniten- 
tiary svstem of Pa., or the "separate system " 
of punishment for crime, owes much of its suc- 
cess. Many of the public institutions of Phila. 
are indebted to his exertions either as origina- 
tor or advocate. His Memoirs of Lay, Bene- 
zot, and Sandiford, evince the terseness and 
purity of his style as an author. A short time 
previous to liis death, he accepted the office of 
judge of the Countv Courts of Phila. — See 
A/lifumf for list of ptiNications. 

Veazey, Thomas W., gov. Md. 1836-8; 
memlicr of the house of delegates and of the 
cxiv. council ; d. Cecil Co., Md., 30 June, 1842, 
».68. 

Vedder, Elihu, artist, b. N.Y. City, Feb. 



1836. After studying with Mattcson, he vis^ 
itcd Europe, then opened a studio in N. York, 
and has for some years resided in Italy. He is 
the most inilividual and independent of our 
t/enre paintei'S. — See his " Arab listening to the 
Sphinx," "Lair of the Sea-Serpem," and "St. 
Simon Stylites on his Pillar." — Turhnnnn. 

Velasquez (va-lSs-UOth), Diego, a Span- 
i.-h gen., who accomp. Columbus in his steond 
voyage ; d. 1523. He engaged in the conquest 
of St. Domingo, and tounded in 1511 the city 
of Havana in Cuba. He scut out the exped. 
which discovered Yucatan and Mexico, and 
despatched Cortez to subdue the latter coun- 
try. Ab. 1 520 he sent a small army to Mcxi< o, 
under Narvacz, against Cortez, who defeated 
him, and took him pri.-oner. 

Venable, Abraham B., U. S. senator 
1803— i; perished in the conflagration of the 
theatre at Richmond, Va., Dec. 26, 1811, with 
Gov. Smith and about 70 others, principally 
females. N.J. Coll. 1780. M.C. from Va. in 
1791-9. 

Ver Bryck, Corxelics. artist, b. Yangh 
Paugh, N..J., Jan. 1, 1; 13; d. there May 31, 
1 844. In 1 835 he studied under Morse ; visited 
Mobile in 1837, and Europe in 18.39; and was 
afterward occupied with landscape and hi>tori- 
cal pictures in New York. He visited Europe 
again in 1843 to restore his health, Iput retimicd 
only to die. Among his pictures are the " Head 
of a Cavalier," " Charles the First in Van- 
dyke's Studio," and the study (or " Stophcn 
belbre the Council." — TmI.ermmi. 

Verendrye, Pierre Gauthiek de Va- 
revxes. a Canadian fur-trader, dL-^coverer of 
the Rocky Mountains in 1731, b. France ; d. 
Quebec, Dee. 6, 1749, just as he was about, by 
the king's desire, to resume his journey to the 
Pacific. The expense of this Kchie\cment 
(though it had l>een jirojectcd by M. de Bcau- 
harnais) was borne entirely by Vcreiidn e.npon 
whom the king conferred the cross of St. Loris. 
He related to Kalm, the Swedish traveller, that 
he had discovered, 900 miles be'vond Montre.-.l, 
some massive pillai-s, each formed of a single 
block of stone, one of which was surmounted 
by a small block only a foot high and a few 
inches across, bearing on two sides graven char- 
acters of an unknown language, said by the 
Jesuits to resemble the Tartaric. This was 
sent to Paris. — Mon/an. 

Vergennes (vgr'-zh^n'), Charles Gra- 
viER, Count de, a French statesman, b. Di- 
jon, Dec. 28, 1717; d. at Versailles, Feb. 13, 
1787. Son of a prcs. of the parliami nt of Di- 
jon. In 1740 he accomp. M. de Chavignv, a 
relative, to Lisbon in a diplomatic capacity ; 
and in 1750 was himself app. minister at tlic 
court of the elector of Treves. In 1 755-08 he 
was ambassador to Turki'y. He was in 1771 
sent to Sweden, and had no small share in the 
rev(d. which took plaee there under tlustavus 
in. When Louis XVI. came to the crown, he 
iwalled Vergennes, and made him miui.-iter of 
foreign aft'airs in July, 1774. Among the prin- 
cipal acts of his ministry were the tre'aty of 
Soleure' with the Swiss in 1777, that with the 
United States in 1778, the treaty of Teschcn 
with the emperor Joseph II. in 1779, the treaty 
which coucladcd the Amer. war in 1 783, and 



VKR 



941 



VES 



the treaty of commerce uesotiattd with Enff. 
in 1785-6. A " Hist, and Political Memoir on 
Louisiivna," Svo, 1802, has boon attributed to 
hiui. 

Vernon, Edward, an English admiral, 
b. \2 Nov. 10^4; d. 29 Oct. 1757. He went to 
sea in 1702 ; captund Porto Bello, wiih all its 
fortifications, in 1739; made an unsuccessti'.l 
attack on Cartlia^'en;i in 1741, and on Panama 
in 1742; and was made an admiral in 174.5. 
Ho was many years an opposition niember of 
parliament. Author of a " New History of 
Jamaica," 1740; "Expedition to Panama," 
1744, &c. 

Vernon, .Ia>'e Marchast Fisher, ac- 
tress, sister of Clara Fisher, b. Brighton, Eng., 
1796; d. New York, June 4, 1869. Made her 
dS'it at Drurv Lane in 1817 in " Lilliput ; " at 
the Bowery, "N.Y., Sept. 11, 1827, as Cicely 
Homespun, in " Heir at Law ; " w;is afterward 
attached to the Chatham ; was at the P.ark 
from 1 830 to 1 847 ; and was long connected 
with Wallack's company, making her last ap- 
pearance as Mrs. Siitcliil'o, in "School," April 
6, 1869. Oct. 6, 1827, .she m. George Veniou, 
comedian, who d. June 13, 1830. Mrs. Vernon 
w;u an excelient performer of old women, was 
long a groat fivorite in New York, and was a 
wom.in of cultivated mind. 

Verplanek, Gilian Crommeli.n.LL.D., 
author, h. X.Y. Citv, Aug. 6, 1786; d. there 
M;ir. 18, 1870. Col." Coll. 1801. After being 
adm. to the bar, he passed several years in Great 
Britain and on the Continent. On his return 
home, he became interested in polities, and in 
1804 was a candidate of the " ilalcontents " in 
New York for the Assemlily. In 1818 he de- 
livered the first ot a series of addresses, on which 
his lit 'r.iry reputation is mainly founded, at 
the anniversary' of the N.Y. Hist. Society, on 
"The Early European Friends of America." 
It passed through several editions. One of the 
most celebrated of his discourses, " The Amer. 
Scholar," was delivered at Union Coll. in 1836 ; 
in 1819 he wTOte " The State Triumvirate, a 
Political Tale," a satire on the political parties 
of the day, and other works of a similar de- 
scription. In 1820 he was a prominent mem- 
ber of the N.Y. legisl., and chairman of the 
com. on education. lie soon after became prof, 
of the evidences of Christianity in the Thcol. 
Scm. of the Pr.-Epis. Church in N.Y., and in 
1824 pub. " Essays on the Nature and Uses of 
the Various Evidences of Revealed Religion ; " 
in 1825 appeared his "Essay on the Doctrine 
of Contracts." Beside these works, he contrib. 
much to various magazines, and, in eonjimetion 
with Bryant and Sands, he puli. "The Talis- 
man," a s>rt of annn.al, 3 vols, of which ap- 
peared. M.C. 1 825-.33, warmly advocating the 
extension of the term of copyright from 23 to 
42 years ; and aftenvards for several years was 
a niemlier of the State senate. The N.Y. sen- 
ate at that time comj)Osed, with the judges of 
the higher courts, th" Court for the Correc- 
tion of Errors, or the Court of Appeals. Mr. 
Verplanek took an active part in these judicial 
•'•jti'.'S ; and many of his opinions on important 
questions are J)rl■ser^■ed in the last 7 vols, of 
Wendell's N.'\ . Keiwrts. From 1846 he was 
pres. of the N.Y. board of emigrant commiss., 



and prepared nearly all its annual reports. He 
was al.-o one of the govs, of the N.Y. Hospital, 
and was vire-chancellor of the State U. In 
1833 he pub. a coll. of his discourses and ad- 
dresses on various subjects, and in 1^44-6 a 
handsome edition of Shaksprarc. He wrote 
the Mi'inoir preii.\ed to the writings of his 
friend Sands. His ancestral liomestead at Fi.-h- 
kill l.andini:, on the Hudson, is a well-preserved 
old mansion, in which the Society of the Cin- 
cinnati was founded. 

Verazzani, or Verrazano (ver-rat-s5h'- 
no), Jean, a Florentine navigator, l>. near the 
close of the 15th century; d. 1.525. He was 
of a noble family, and was employed by Fr;m- 
cis I. to make new discoveries in N. Amen a. 
Jan. 17, 1524, he sailed by way of Madeira 
with the frigate "Dauphin," which he com., 
and, after experiencing a terrible tempest, land- 
ed on the coasts of N. America, which ho 
traversed from the 34th degree of latitiule as fat 
as Newfoundland. His discoveries were quite 
important, since he visited more than 700 
leagues of coast ; and his letter to the king con- 
tains a curious description of the savages which 
he found there. This letter, dat<.d 8 July, 
1524, contains the earliest oiHginal account ex- 
tant of the Atlantic coast of the U.S. From 
a voyage made in the following year he nev' r 
returned. In the Strozzi Library : t Florence 
is preserved a cosmographie description of the 
coasts and all the countries which Verazzani 
had visited ; and it shows that he had .sought a 
northern passage to the E. Indies. The rela- 
tion of his voyage is found in the coll. of Ka- 
mnsio, and in " L' Histoire Ge'ne'rale des Vo^a- 
(7C5." — See an Jnqttirt/ inlo the Authenticity of 
Verrazano's Di$c. bi/ BiiMn'/h. Suiilli, 1864. 

Very, Jo-es, author, b. Salem, Ms., Aug. 
28, 1813. H.U. 1836. In his youth ho made 
several voyages to Europe with his father, a 
sea-captain, and was from 1836 to 1838 a tutor 
of Greek at Han-ard. He pub. a vol. of 
"Essays and Poems," Boston, 1839. They 
contaiii a subtle essay on Shakspearc, and 
" The Painted ColumUine," his best knoi\-n 
poem. He was licensed as a preacher hy the 
Cambridge Association in 1843. Though 
never ordained over a cong., he sfill occasion- 
ally preaches. He has been a contrib. to the 
Christian lietjister, iJonllily Ilelig. Muij., and Sa- 
lem (itiz^ttc. 

Vespucci, Amerigo (ves-poot'K;hce, a- 
ma-ree'-go), an Italian navigator, from whom 
the name of America is derived, b. Florence, 
Mar. 9, 1451 ; d. Seville, Feb. 22, 1512, Ho 
was of a noble family, and in his youth stud- 
ied natur.al philos., astronomy, and geography. 
While commercial agent of the Mcdiei family 
at Seville, Coluinbus was in that city, prepar- 
ing for a second voyage ; and Vespucci was 
smitten with the desire ibr nautical adventure. 
His first voyage was niih Ojeda in 1499. Pa- 
ria and several hundred miles of coast wen; 
insifed; and the exped. returned in June, 1500. 
In July he wrote to Lorenzo de Pii-r Francesco 
de Mediei an account of the \ oya'.:e, which lay 
hid in MS. until 1745, win n it was pub. by 
Bandini. In Jlav, 1501, he entered the ser- 
vice of Emanuel, king of Portugal, and made 
a voyage to Brazil, an account of which, writ- 



94: 



\aK 



ten to the same ilo Modk-i, was first pub, bv 
Bartolozzi in I7S9. In 1504 he sent to tli'e 
same pi'tson a tV.lIer narrative of this cxped., 
pub. at Strasbni'g, 1505, entitled " Americiis 
lesputius </e Orle AnUirvlito /xr Iiaiem Par- 
titja'ti I Piidrm Im^itta." From tlifs voyage 
he ao^nin-d the rxput ition of bi~in^ the dis- 
covorir of thi.' mSinlaiul. In Mav, 1503, he 
com. a caravel in a sijuttilix>n that sailed for 
the dis.-overy of Malaeoa, Imt partinl compiny 
from tho r<.st. and oil' tlie i-oast ol Bnizil dis- 
eovcnd the I5.»y of All Saints, ran 260 lonjrnes 
farther S., whok- ho laiuUtl, bnilt a fort, took 
in a cargo of Brazil-wood, r»'tnniin!i to Lisbon 
in Jniie, 1504. Entering the 8i>anish service 
early in 1505, he was, March 22, 150?, made 
principal pilot. After his r\'turu from his 
Brazil cxihhI. in 1504, he wrote a letter to 
Keue, Dnkc of Lorraine, i-ontaining an ac- 
count of 4 voyases which he says he had 
mailc to the Xcw World, and gi\-es "the date of 
his first voyage as May 20, 1497-Oet. 149S. 
This statement has oci-asioni'd much contro- 
Tcrsy as to the first disi«vcry of the mainland 
of America, and as to the trae character of 
Vespucci, against whom it has bwn char»rcd, 
that, alter the retnni from bis first voyage to 
Bnuil, he made a maritime chart, in which he 
gave his name to that mrt of the mainland. 
The name " Americi 1 crra " was applied to 
this Imminent as early as 1507 by Waldsix* 
Miillcr, a geographer of Freiburg, in a small 
work entitled " Cwi'mw/ra/iAiVr liitrodiich'o in- 
super diKitiior Americtr' VtSjiucci \ariyationes." 
Vespucci was on friendly tenns with Co- 
lunit'us, anil dix^s not amx'ar to have had any 
intention of taking the honor of the discovery 
from Columbus ; and it was not until the ai>- 
pearaiu-c, in 1533, of the" Oinisi'u'um Cea/nipn- 
iciiw " of Schoner, and of the attack of Ser- 
vetus, in the Lyons e<liiion of Ptolemy's Geog- 
raphy, in 1335, that charges were brought 
against him. — .Sf \'e^»idus and Ms Voi/tvies 
If Santdnm, Boston, 1 S50 ; and Life and Tly- 
aifes of Aineri'iis I'espuciiis ig C. E. Lester, 
^^Y.,Vvo, 1S46. 

Vetch, Cor.. Samcel, gov. of Annapolis, 
K.S., 1711, li. Eilinbur^'h ; d. Lond. 30 Apr. 
1732. Son of a n)ini.ster. A councillor in 
the Scotch settlement at Paricn in 1C9S; re- 
moved to N.Y.; tradeil with the Indians; was 
in 1 705 a commissioner from Gov. Dudley of 
5L<. to Qui bee with protio.sals for a trvaty lie- 
tween Canada and X.E. ; and was afterward 
imprist>niHl in Boston for trading with the 
Fivuch and Iiulians. cni'niies to the govt., and 
fined .£200. lie visitinl Eng. in 170S ;" propo.se<l 
the seiiurv of Canada ; was bearer of the 
queen's instrnctions for the exped., which he 
laid Iv.'fore the gov. and council 1 7 Mav, 1 709 ; 
bnt it al>orted, and Vetch retireil to 1{.I. In 
1710 he was adj.-gin. in the cxpinl. against 
Port Koyal ; was its gov. after its capture, and 
change "of name ; and shortly after went to 
En-JT. — SeeJmirnal ot'Voi,ai}e or'S'uop '' Jfnn/," 
1701, K-'A Inti-wl. and Xotes 6y A". B. (yCalla- 

Qh:r\ 1SG6. 

Vothake, Henry, LL.D. (1S,16). author. 
b. Ussi'.iuilKi, Guiana, S. America, 1792; d. 
Phila. Uw. 16. 1S6G. Col. Coll. ISOJ. Instr. 
in math, and geog. Col. Coll. 181S ; prof. 



math, and nat. philos. Rutg. Coll. 1S13-17; 
X, J. Coll. 1S17-21 ; nick. Coll, 1S21-9 ; X.Y. 
City C. 1^.-2-5 ; pn-s. of Wash. Coll., Va., 
1835-6: prof. math. U. of Pa. 1836-54 ; prov. 
and prof, moral and int. philos. U. of Pa. liJ54- 
9 ; prof of the higher math, in the Philu. Polv- 
technic Coll. 18.i9. In IS-^JS he pub a valuable 
work on Political Eei>nomy. and cditixl the 
supplementary volume of the " Encyclopa'<lia 
Americana." He also pub. addrvsscs on edu- 
cation, ic, and t-ontrib. to jK-rioilicals. 

Victor, Mktta VnTontA (Fi-llek), sis- 
ter of Mrs. Barritt, b. Erie. Pa., 2 Mar, 1831. 
Marrii>l O. J. Victor in July, 1856, At 14 she 
wrote talcs and jioems. and at 1 6 was known 
as the ■• singuig sibvl " of the Home Joioiml. 
Author of ■• Last" Days of Tul," 1847 ; 
" Po»"ms," 8vo, 1851; '' Fivsh L»-aves from 
Western Wootls." 1852; "Fashionable Dissi- 
j>!ition," 1854; "The IVo Mormon Wives," 
1857; "The Arctic Queen, a Pix-m." 1S58; 
" Mrs. Slimmins's Window, and Other Papers," 
1860. Assist.eil.t'.S.yoiinKi/, 1857-60; J/omt 
Monthly. 1859-61 ; contrib. to (iodey, Uarper's 
Mai).. CosiHopolilun Art Journal, &c. — Set 
Poefs and Poehy of the West. 

Victor, Obville James, author, b. San- 
duskv, O., 1827. Has pub. "Histor\- of the 
Southern KclK'llion," 3 vols. S^•o. " 1 862-S ; 
" Incidents and Anecilotes of the War," Svo, 
1863; "Hist, of Amer. Con.spiracics, &c., 
1760-1860." 8vo, 1864; editor of Beadles 
Dime Publications ; eilitor SamlHskii l},yister, 
1852-6; Cosmoi>olitan Art Journal, 1857-61; 
contrib. to various perio<licals. — Allit'one. 

Vidal, Fkascisco Antonio, pres. of the 
Republic of Vruguay 1866-8; b. Slonlevideo, 
1827. Educateil at Paris; obtained the de- 
griv of doctor of molicine ; minisK'r of the 
interior of Uruguay 1865-6. 

Vidaurri, Ge"n. Saxtiaco, a Mcxioin 
soldier and jKilitician, b. Xew Leon, ab. 1803; 
shot in the city of Mexico, Aug. 8, 1867. 
While Alvarez was contending agjn'nst Santa 
Ana in the south-west, Vidaurri took the field 
in the north. He was a candidate lor the ])rcs- 
idency in the jnnta of Cucmavaca, Oct. 4, 
1855; but that bwly preferred Alvarez. Vi- 
daurri now ti«>k up a st'mi-inilei>endcnt posi- 
tion ; da-nxnl the confiscation of church l>rop- 
erty in the north-easteni states, and disKiudid 
the armed force. He refused to recwruize Co- 
monfort as the successor of Pn-s. Alvarez (Dec. 
8, 1855); and in Feb. 1856 d'X-rec»l the union 
of Co;\huila and Xew Leon, proclaiming him- 
self their gov. and ivnimaiuling gen. By a treaty 
made Xov, 18. 1856. Vidaurri acknowledgeil 
the govt, of Couiontort, and remained in con- 
trol of the two iHimbincd states, which au- 
thority he exctx-iseil until 1864. In the sum- 
mer of 1861 he cnteretl into friendly relations 
with the secessionists of Texas, and on the in- 
vasion of Mexico by the allied French, Span- 
ish, and English forces, in 1861-2, he declaaxl 
his adhesion to the national cause. .\;"ter 
having Kvn long identifie<l with the liberals, 
he was induixHl to sup|K)rt the Emivror Maxi- 
milian, and was cxivunnl as a traitor on the 
overthrow of the latter. 

Viele, Gen. Egbert L„ b. Waterforxl, 
X.Y., June 17, 1825. Wet Point, 1847. Brer. 



via- 



943 



2(J licut. 2d Inf., he served through the Mexi- 
can war ; was made 1st lu'iit. Oct. 1(<50; re- 
signed in 1853; was app. state ong. of N. J., 
and entered on its geodetie survey. In 1857-8 
he was eng.-in-eliief of the Central Park, N.Y.; 
and in 1800 of Prosjuet Park, ihooklyn. Aug. 
17, loOl, he was made hrig. -gen. of vols.; ac- 
comp. the exjx'd. to Port Koyal ; com. the in- 
vesting forces at the siege of Fort Pnlaski in 
the spring of 1SG2 ; and led the advance at the 
occujiation of Norfolk, of which jjlaee he was 
military gov. from Aug. 1862 to his resigna- 
tion 20 Oct. 18G;i. Since 186;!, civil cng. in 
K. Y. Citj;. Author of a '• Hand-Hook for Ac- 
tive Service," 1861 ; reports on Central and 
l'ros])cct Parks, and the topog. survev of 
X.J. ; '■ Toi«)g. and Ilydrog. of N.V.,'''8vo, 
1 860 ; also of a nnndn'r of papers on geograpjii- 
cal and .scicntirie snhjects. — Ciillniii. 

Viger, J.vMiia, a disting. Canadian archa;- 
ologist, 1). Jlontreal, May 7, 1787; d. there 
Dee. 12, 1858. lie served as an oftieer of mili- 
tia in the war of 1812, and took part in the en- 
fagemcntat Siiekett's Harbor. First mayor of 
lontreal, and held other important trusts. 
He wrote much upon the early history of Cana- 
da : among his pnhlications are a correction of 
the "Ais'c (III Cliii/^ (III Camida;" 'Le Pelit 
Rf/istrr," the basis of a history of Montreal 
and its first settlers ; History of the Parishes 
of the Diocese of Jlontreal ; " L<- Cliicn d'Or, 
on III Triiditioii en /kf/iiiil. ; " a History of the 
Lemoync de Longncnil family. He also fur- 
nished all the documents of the "Serrantes de 
Dien en ('iiuiidii," \>\' Wvnry Ac Couray, Esq., 
and an All)\ini which formed the [ilan of the 
work. This obtained lor him from the pope 
the honor of Knight Commander of the Order 
of St. Gregory. — ///,s(. Mwj., iii. 129. 

Villere, il-wf Ez, gov. of La. I8I6-20; 

maj.-gen. of vols, under Gen. Jackson (1314— 
15) in battle of N. Orleans. His son Gen*. Ga- 
DRIEL (d. N. Orleans 6 July, 1852, a. 67) ren- 
dered inii)ortant service to Jackson before the 
battle of -'.■! Dec. 1814. 

Vincennes, Bissot M. de, founder of 
Vineenncs, Indiana, b. Canada; d. 17.36. 
Nephew of Jolliet the explorer. Entered the 
army as ensign, and was early employed in the 
West, especially among the Miainis, who were 
greatly attached to him. lie was at Michlli- 
iiiacinac in 1698. In 1704 he was .sent to the 
Miami country, where became in collision with 
Cadillac, the com. at Detroit, but rendered es- 
sential services in a difficulty with the Indians 
of that place, ami liis fanit was overlooked. 
lie remained in the Miami country on the 
Ohiii aTid .\lpi. until 17.')6, when he joined the 
cxpcd. against the Chickasaws under D'Arta- 
gnctic, in which he lost his life. Vincennes 
probably resiiled on the spot which bears his 
iianii', and whence he led the Miumis, who de- 
serted him ; bnt no French post or settlement 
exi<tc(l theie at the time. — Uisl. Ma//., iv. 
ao5. 

Vincent, 1'iiilip, an English minister, 
visited New Kng. in 16.37-8, and ]udilishcd the 
"True Relation of the Battle beiwien the 
English and the I'eqnots," 1638. It is in " Ms. 
Ili-t. Colls.," .3.1 series, vol. 6. 

Vincent, 'Jkn. Smoxo, b. Eric Co., Pa., 



June 17, 1837; d. July 7, 1863, of wounds re- 
ceived at Gettysburg .Inly 2. H U. 1859. He 
was practising law at Erie when the Hebcllion 
broke out. Enlisted as a private in the Wavne 
guards; made lieut.-col. 83d Pa. Vols. Sept. 
1861; col. June 29, 1862; biig.-gcTi. July 2, 
1863. He com. a brigade at the liattles of 
F'redericksburg, Aldie, and at Gettysburg, 
with high distinction. — llan\ Mun. Blogs. 

Vining, Joh.n, b. Dover. Del., 23 Dec. 
1758 ; d. there Feb. 1802. Delcg, to ihe font. 
Congress in 1784-6; M C. from Del. 1789-92; 
U.S. senator 1795-8. 

Vinton, Alexander Hamilton, D.D. 
(U. of JC.Y. 1843), clergvman, b. Providence, 
K.I., May 2, 1807. A.M'. of Br. U. 1836. He 
received the degree of M.I), at V.C. in 1828. 
Alter practising medicine 3 years, he entered 
the scm. of the Epis. church, and was ord. in 
New York in July, 1835. He took charge of 
St. Paul's .Church, Portland, from Nov. 1835 
to Apr. 1836 ; was then for 6 years rector of 
Grace Church, Providence, U.I. ; from 1842 to 
1858 of St. Paul's Church, Boston ; then ac- 
cepted a call from the Church of the Holy 
Trinity, Phila. ; in May, 1861, sneccedcd Dr. 
Anthou in St. Mark's Church, New York; and 
in 1870 became rector of Fimanuel Ch., Bos- 
ton. He pub. n vol. of sermons, 1855, and a 
number of occas. discourses and addresses. 
His bro. John Rogehs, brev. m:ij U.S.A. (b. 
Prov., H.I., 16 June, 1801, killed at the siege 
of Vera Cruz, 22 March, 1847; West Point, 
181 7), served with distinction in F'la. and Mex- 
ico. 

Vinton, Francis, D.I). (Col. Coll. 18.58), 
clergvman, b. Providence, R.I., Aug. 29, 1809. 
West Point, 18,30. 2d lieut. 3d Art. While 
stationed at Fort Independence, Boston har- 
bor, he studied at the Cand). Law School, and 
also served for 2 or 3 years as a civil engr. on 
several N.E. railroads; admitted to the bar of 
Portsmouth, N.H., in 1834; left the army 31 
Aug. 1836 ; entered the Epis. sem. in N.Y. ; 
was ord. deacon in 1838, and priest in 1839; 
successivelv rector of St. Stephen's, Provi- 
dence (1840), Trinitv Church, Neivjiort (1840), 
Emanuel Church, Brooklyn, N.Y. (1844), and 
Grace Church there (1847). He deilined the 
bisliojirie of Indiana in 1 848, and was a jiromi- 
nent candidate lor provis. bishop of N.Y. in 
1847 and '51. He was elected an assist, min- 
ister of Trinity Chnrch, N.Y., in 1855. Prof, 
of ecel. law and polity in the Episi iipid Thcol. 
Sem., New York, since 1869. Authorof" Ar- 
thur Tremaine," 1830; sermons, pamphlets, 
&c., oration on ihe Annuls of R.I., 8vo, 1S63. 
Lecturer on Dante, the Gentleman, &e. 

Vinton, (Je.v. F^uancis Laukens, h. Fort 
Preble, Me., June 1, 18;35. West Point, 1856. 
Son of Maj. J. R. Vinion. Educated under 
the care of his uncle Rev. Francis, and entered 
the 1st Cav., hut resigned in Sept. to devote 
himself to metallurgy ; and in 1857 became n 
pujiil of ilic Imperial Scho<d of Mines at Paris, 
where he grad. with disiinciion. Returning 
home from an examimition ol the mineral re- 
sources of Central America, at the outbreak of 
the civil war be was app. cajit. 16ih U.S. Inf. ; 
was immediately offered the <om. of a vol. rcgt. 
by the govs, of 3 Stales, and accepted that of 



VEST 



944 



■WAZ> 



the 43d N.T., with which he fought in Han- 
cock's bri^'aiie through the Peninsular cam- 
paign ; hrig.-gcn. vols. 13 Mar. 1863. He whs 
wounded at iho battle of Fredericksburg, Dec. 
13, 18C2, and resigned o May, 1863. Prof, of 
mining engineering, Col. Coll., N. York, since 
Sept. 1 S64. — Ctillum. 

Vinton, Jony Adams, antiquarian, b. 
Bosion. Feb. 5, 1801. D.C. 1828; Andover 
Theol. Sem. 1831. He was active in the min- 
istry, in Me., Vt., and Ms., in 1832-52. He 
has pub., besides discourses and conlribs. to 
various journals, " Vinton Memorial," 1858; 
"Giles Memorial," 1864; "The Sampson 
Family in America," 1864; "Deborah Samp- 
son," a reprint, 1866; and"Kemiuis. of Park-st. 
Church," in Bosion Recorder, 1849. — Duf/ddnck. 

Viomenil (ve'-o'-ma'-ncl'), Antoine 
CHARLiis Du Hocx, Baron de, a French gen., 
b. 1 728 at Fnuconcourt, Lorraine ; d. Paris, 
Nov. 9, 1792. He entered the army at the age 
of 15 as lieut. ; was wounded at the siege of 
Bergen-oi)-/oon 1747; disting. him-elf in com. 
of the light troops of Conde's army in the cam- 
paigns of Hanover, and also in Corsica, where 
he earned the brcv. of maiecli«l-de-camp, and 
of com. of St. Louis. In 1770 he assisted the 
parly of the confederation in Poland against 
the Russian armies ; conducted while there 
some import;int operations, particularly the 
capture of the Castle of Cracow. In 1780 the 
Baron Viomenil came to America as second in 
com. under Rochambean, and disiing. himself 
at the cajnure of Voiktown. Made in 1783 
lieut. -gen., ami, on bis return to France, gov. of 
La Roclulle, receiving in 1782 tlie grand cross 
of St. Louis. At the period of the French revol. 
he stood by the king to the last moment, and 
was so badly wounded in defending him at the 
attack of the Tnileries, Aug, 10, 1792, that he 
died a few weeks later. His bro. Charles Jo- 
seph Hyacinthe Dc Houx de. Marshal of 
Fiance, b. I7.!4, d. Paris, 5 Mar. 1827 ; aide 
to Chevcrt in the 7-years' war ; served as a 
maj.-gen. in Kochambcau's army in Amcr. ; 
was gov. of Martinicjue in 1789-90; served 
under Conde in 1792-7 ; was made a peer in 
1814. a marshal 3 July, 1816, and a marquis 
in 1817. 

Viscaino (ves-kil-ee'-no), Sebastian, 
Spanish navigator, t'oinnianded an expcd. 
sent from Acaiuilco in 1602, and explored the 
coast of New California, of which he made an 
nccnrate chart 

Vogdes, Israel, col. and brev. brig. -gen. 
U.S.A , b. I'a. all. 1816. West Point, 1837. 
A.-si.-t. prof math, tlurc 1S37-49; 1st lieut. 
Is; Art. 9 July, 1838, and served against the 
Seminoles in' Fla. in 1849-50 and in 1856; 
capt. 20 Aug. 1847 ; maj. 14 May, 1861 ; brig.- 
pen. vols. 29 Nov. 1862; lieut.'eol. 5th Art. 
1 June, 1863 ; col. 1st Art. 1 Aug. 1863. He 
defended Fort Pickens, Feb.-Oct. 1861 ; was 
captured in rebel night-attack on Santa Rosa 
Island 9 Oct. 1861 ; com. at Folly Island, S.C, 
and took part in the attacks on Morris Island, 
and operations against Fort Sumter and 
Charleston, S.C; and com. defences of Nor- 
folk and Portsm., Va., 1864-5; brev. brig.-gen. 
U.S.A. 9 April, 1863. — Cuilum. 

Vogdes, 'WiLi.iAM, LL.U., prof, mathem. 



Phila. High School 1838-62, b. Phila. 1802; 
aditi. to the Phila. bar 1832. Author of " U.S. 
Arithmetic," 1845; " Elem. Treatise on Men- 
suration and Pnict. Arith.," 1845. — Aliiboue. 

Volney, Cosstantine FRAN(;ots Chasse- 
BECF, Count de, a French writer, b. Craon, 
Feb. 3, 1757; d. Paris, April 25, 1820. Alter 
completing his education, he went to Egy)it 
and Syria in 1783, of which couiftries he pub. 
a description, in 2 vols. 8vo, 1787. At the be- 
ginning of the revol., he became a member of 
the States-Gen. In the reign of terror he was 
imprisoned, but in 1794 became a prof in the 
new school of education. On the failure of 
this project, in 1795, Volney came to America, 
where he had a controversy with Priestley on 
the origin of Christianity, and returned in 1798. 
A republican by principle, be was always an 
ardejit defender of the rights of the nation. 
Napoleon made him a senator; and, after the 
restoration of the Bourbons, he was designated 
a member of the chamber of peers, June 4, 
1814. His other works are " The Ruins, or 
Meditations on the Revolutions of Emjiires ; " 
" The Law of Nature, or Physical Prineijjlcs 
of Morality ; " " Account of Corsica ; " " Lec- 
tures on History ; " " On the Climate and Soil 
of the U.S. of America," Phila. 8vo, 1804, &c. 

Voorhees, Daniel W., Dcinoc. politician, 
b. Fountain Co., Ind., Sept. 26, 1828. Ind. 
Asbury U. 1849. He began to practise law 
in 1851 ; was U.S. dist.-attv. for Iiid. in 18.iS- 
61 ; JLC. 1861-5 and 1869-71. 

Voorhees, Philip F., capt. U.S.N., b. 
N. J. ; d. Annapolis, Md., Feb. 26, 1862. 
Midshipm. Nov. 15, 1809; lieut. Dee. 9, 1814; 
com. Apr. 24, 182S; capt. Feb. 28, 1836. He 
was in the actions between the fri;;atcs " Unit- 
ed States " and " Macedonian," Oct. 25, 1812 ; 
and the sloops " Pi acock " and " Epervier," 
Apr. 29, 1814, as lieut. of "The Peacock; "coin. 
" The John Adams " in the Mediterranean in 
18.31-2. 

Vose, Joseph, col. 1st Ms. Regt. Revol. 
war, b. Milton, Ms., 1738; d. there May 22, 
1816. He was col. of militia in Nov. 1774 ; 
May 27, 1775, he led an expcd. whiili de- 
stroyed the light-house and the bay <.n the 
islands in Bosion harbor. Lieut. -col. of Grea- 
ton's regt. Nov. 4, 1775, and accompanied it 
to Canada in 1776; joined the main army in 
N. J. in the spring of 1777; and closed bis 
Revol. services in Lafayette's corps, at York- 
town. His bro. Elijah, licut.-eol. of iiis re^t. 
(1st), b. Milton, 24 Feb. 1744, d. 19 Mar. 
1822, served tiiniugli the war,in which 4 of tho 
bro: hers were engaged. 

Vroom, Peter D., LL.D. (Col. Coll. 
1850), statesiuan, b. N.J. Col. Coll. ISdS. 
Member N.J. Icgisl.- 1826-9 ; memlier N..J. 
Const. Conv. 1844 ; gov. of that State 1829-.32 
and 1833-6; M.C. 1839-il ; and in 185.3-7 
was mini>ter to Prussia. Delegate to the 
Peace Coiisress in Feb. 1861. 

Waddell, James, D.D. (Dick. Coll. 1792), 
Presb. minister, b. Neivry, Ireland, July, 1739; 
d. Louisa Co., Va., Sept. 17, 1805. He was 
brought to Ainer. in infancy by his pareni", 
who settled on While-clay Creek, Pa. Ho 
studied under Dr. Finley ai Nottingham ; was 
an assist, to Frcs. Smith of Uam]>.-Sid. Cu.i.. 



WAX> 



945 



"W,AJD 



an. Pres. S. S. Smith of N. J. Coll. Jrcctin- 
wul. the cdcl.rated jirccher Samuel Davies" 
heM„d,ed th.alo;,y ; wa, licensud >o preach ia 
l.fll; ord. 16 June, 1702; and .settled pastor 

Augusta Co., Va., and in 1785 to HoDeivell 
where he d a teaeher. While there, he w.J 

Wirt"i^-ri"n"'';"^'"""""'^'' '» P^^'"^^". 
Wirt. m The Unt.sh Spy," has given an in- 

nlS?,'7"l" "1 ""-" '''','"' P'-^'-'^l-er. whom 
u. believed o l)e the equal of Patrick Ilenrv 
ilio.ij,di in a different species of oratory. A daii 

,J^.^^^^^' *^"*'^''' '^•''- (Col. C6ll., S C 
IM),) 1 ics. of Franklin Coll., Ga., 1819-')')' 
!>. Ircddl Co.. X.C, July 29, .770; d. AtL;, ,' 
Oa., July 21. 1840. llamp.-Sid. Coll. I79I 
He was self-educated ; was lieen.sed to preach 
hv tlie Hanover prcshytery 12 Mav 17^■J• 
^ocal,>c a disiin;-. ten<-hcr. and, under his ear^,' 

1. 1 Kd a lug, position Author of •■ ilenioirs 

Wade, Hkxjami.v Fra.vkli.v, senator a 
zealous opponent of slavery, b. Springfield, 

ot tl.eKevol.,nnd a poor man. With a limited 
education, he in IS21 removed to Ohio, havin- 
been some months employed in dig-in- the 
i-ne Canal. He taught school ; studied law • 
and was in ISi'S adm. to the Ashtahula-Co' 
bar; made prosec. atty. of tliat county in 18.35 ■ 
State senator in 18.37-9; in 1847 pres. jud-e 
of the 3d judicial dist. ; and in 1851-69 wSs 
U. h. senator. Prominent in that body as a 
ead.Tot thcamislavery Whigs, and then" of the 
Kcpubl.cans; he advocated the Homestead Bill 
and the repeal of the Fugitive-slave Law; op- 
posed the Kansas-Xebraska Bill of 1854 the 
Y-compton Constitution for Kansas in 1858 
the purchase of Cuba, and, in Dee. 1860 the 
making any new conces.-.ion3 to the slave- 
power. During tlie Rebellion, he labored inecs- 
saniiy for a more vigorous prosecution of the 
«ar; in 1861-2 was chairman of the joint 
com. on the conduct of the war, and was active 
in urgmg the passage of a confiscation bill. 
Asehairniaii of the com. on Territories, he re- 
ported a bid in 1862 aboli.shing slavery in all 
the Territories. On the question of the recon- 
struction of the Southern States, after the war 
he wa.s decidedly radical. After the assassina^ 
tion of Pres. Lincoln in Apr. 1865, he became 
pres. pro km. of the senate, and aetin'^ vice- 
prcs. of the U. S. In iMar. 1867 he was cho- 
sen pres. of :he senate. One of the commiss. to 
.visit San Domingo in Fcb.-Mar. 1871, and re- 
port upon IIS annexation to the U.S. Now 
' t4^'' j"*'- '^"'''"^i" Pacific Railroad. 

WadSWOrth, Al.t.HAXDER ScaMMELI,, 

capi. L.s..\., b. Portland, Me.; d. Washing- 
ton, Apr. 5, 1851. Son of Gen. Pelc-'. Mid- 
shipm. April 2, 1804; licut. April 2? 1810- 
com. April 27. 1816; capt. Mar. 3, 1825; 2d' 
»;lh' <?h^i' ^'n" Constitution " in the action 
with Ihe Guerribre," Aug. 19, 181" and 
presented will, a valuable sword by the ci'tizena 
of I'orilan.l soon after. 

Wadsworth, Ben.jamiv, clergyman, pres. 

1-3,. U.U. 1690. Son of Captain Samuel 



April 18. 16,6 Mini.ster of the First Chuich 
Boston, as eolleague with Mr. Fo.xerolt, Feb! 
8, 1696, until inducted at U.U Julv 7 7>5 
and pres. until his death, lie devoted i tenth 
o( his ineome to charities. He pub. " Five 
Sennons (Boston, ISmo, 1714), a large num° 
bcr of occasional sermons, and some tTieologi- 

Wadsworth, Csx. James, Rev;i. patriot 

le ;. I ,• ■■•'^- Town-elerkof I). 1756- 
8b. col. and brig.-gen. in 1776; and in 1777 
was app. 2d maj.-gen. Ct. miliiia. In Mar 1 777 
he was or.lcred to New Haven to delLiid the 
seacoast, and was some time a member of the 
com. ot safety of Ct. He was some time ju ! 
uce, and then judge of the CC.R, New-Haien 
Co., member of the council |-85-9u, and a 
delegate to the Cont. Congress 178,3-6 

Wadsworth, James, i,hilanihropist, b 
DnHiam, Ct„ April 20, 1768; d. GenJsco 
N.\.. June 8. 1844. Y.C. 1787. Nephew of 
the preceding. I„ 1790 he became the joint 
owner wiih his bro. William of a large tract of 
land on the Genesee Uiver, which advanced so 

He estab ished the hist Normal School in New 

slh ,'!',' ',P™""''"' ""-• --"^-'ment of the 
sthool-library law in 1838; founded a library 
and ins.itut,on tor scientific lectures at Geneseo^ 

cause of edueai.on exceeded S90,000. 

Wadsworth, Ge.v. James Samuei,, b 

Geneseo, .\.\., Uct. 30, 1807 ; d. May 8, 1864 
of wounds received in battle of Wiblerne.ss; 
va May6. Son of the preceding. E.lucated 
at HaiTard and Yale. He studied law at Al- 
bany, and in the office of Daniel Webster- 
was adm. to the- bar in 183.3, but never prac' 
tised employing himself in the management 
of his large patrimonial estates, and taking a 
deep interest in education. He took ..art^in 
the free-soil movement of 1848 • was 'i com 
F,;r.«°«,'"' ^'«!»=« Convention at' Washington, 
*eb. 1861 ; and was one of the first to otier his 
seivices to the govt, when the civil war be.-an 
When communication between Phila. and 
Washington was obstructed, he chartered a 
vessel, freighted it wiih supplies at his own 
expense, and sailed with it to Annapolis, ar- 
riving opportunely lor ihc necessities of the 
govt In June he was a vol. aide on Gen. 
McDowell 3 stair, and was commemled for 
bravery and humanity in the battle of Bull 
,"".'. """*" l>''«-gen. Aug. 9, 1861 ; in M..r. 
I8b2 lie was made milit. gov. of D C Candi 
date of the Repub. jmrtv for gov. of NV i,i 
^ov. 1862, he was defeated by Horatio .S.v- 
mour. In Dec. he was assigned a division 
liuder Gen Burnsidc; and, at the battles of 
* ledencksburg, Chancellorsviile, and Gems- 
,-• ??'"■ ''"= '«t division l.st army .orps 
under Gen. Reynolds, which at the lait'er place 
saved the first day ; com. the corps after the fall 
ot Keynolils. Early in 1864 he was sent upon 
special service to the Mpi. Vallev, and made 
an extensive tour through the \Vestcrn an,) 
o.W. States. In the campaign of 1864 he I 'd 
the 4th division of the 5ih corps. 
Wadsworth, Jereuiah, commissarT. 



9-lG 



■WAl. 



pen. (lurins the greater part of the Revol. war, 
li. Uartloid 1743 ; il. there Apr. 30, 1S0+. He 
>\rt< the ori-iiiator ami promoter of piililie im- 
provements in his native town ; wtus a ilele,:;ate 
to the Com. Congress in 1786-S, and M.C. in 
,7S'.>-05. 

Wadsworth, Peleg, maj.-gen., b. Diix- 
liiirv, .Ms., .\lav 6, 1748 ; A. lliiani, Me., Nov. 
1?'. 1 Sill. ILL'. 17G9. lie taii;;ht scliool at 
Pivinoiitli, Ms., in 1769, wiih Aiex.tnder 
8cammelL ami cngixgeil in commercial piirsnits. 
Jiiiniii;; the Revol. army as eapt. of minute- 
men at Roxburj- early in the strug;:le, he 
became aide to Gen. Wanl, and afterwards adj.- 
;^Mi. for Ms., and was present at the battle of 
Long Island; brig.-gen. of militia in 1777; 
second in com. of the Penobscot exped. in 1779, 
on which occasion he displayed great courage, 
and wivs taken prisoner. Captured by a party 
of the enemy in Feb. 17S1, they imprisoned 
him in the fort at Castine, whence he escaped 
in Jane. In 17S4 he established himself in 
business in Portland, Me., and was much cm- 
ployed in surveying; in 1792 he was elected a 
State senator, and was M.C. in 1792-1806 ; in 
1S07 he removed to Oxford, Me., to improve a 
lar;;e tract of land graateil to him by govt, for 
his services. His son Lieut. Henry, LT.S.N., 
disting. in Tripolitan war, d. olV Tripoli, Sept. 
4, 1804, a. 19, by the explosion of a tireship. 
Another son, A'!.ex.vsi>er Sc.\m.mel, was a 
capt. it) the navy. 

Wadsworth, Gen-. William, b. Durham, 
Ct.; d. G^u.scc, X.Y., Feb. 1833. Bro. of 
James. Uj was an early settler in Western 
N.Y. ; served as brig.-gen. N.Y, militia in U.S. 
service, and distini;. in assault on Queenstown 
Hciarhts, Oct. 13, 1812.— aiirdnei: 

Wafer, I.ioxel, made voyages to the South 
Sea; in 1677 cmbarkeil for Bantam; sailed 
with Linen and. Cook, buccaneers ; afterward 
surgeon of Dampier's exped. across the Isth- 
mus of Darien, and left wounded with the 
Indians in consequence of a quarrel with 
Dampier; returned to London in 1690, and 
told his story in " A Xew Voyage, and Descrip- 
tion of the Isthmus of America," 8vo, 1699. 
For his Voyage to Magellanica in 16S5, see 
Callendcr's"\'oy.iges. ii. 673. 

Wainwright, Jos.vtu.\s M.vthew, D.D. 

(Cn. Coll. 1823). D.C.L. (Oxf. 18.V>), Pr.-Epis. 
bishop of X.Y., b. Liverpool, Ensr., of Amer. 
parents, 24 Feb. 1793; d. N.Y. City 21 Sept. 
1854. H.U. 1812. Ills mother was a dan. of 
the celebraiol Dr. Mayhew of Boston. Instr. 
in cloentii'U in H.U. 1815-17 ; rector of Christ 
Church, Hartfonl, Ct. ; assist, rector of Trin. 
(^hurch,X.V.. 1819-21 ; rector of G r.icc Church, 
N.Y. ; of Trinity Church, Boston, 24 Nov. 
lS.33-Feb. 18.38; "and assist, rector of Trinity 
Chun-h, N.Y., until bis app. as prov. bishop 10 
Nov. 1 852. He was many years sec. of the h. 
of bishops. Before be was made a bishop, he 
tnivollcd in Egypt and the Holy Land, and pub. 
hi- ob.servatious in those countries in 2 vols. 
His most cekbrateJ proiluction was his printed 
controversy with Rev. Dr. Potts in 1843. He 
aided in llie formation of the U of N.Y. ; was 
one of the first pulpit-orators of his day : was 
a ripe scholar, and wielded great social in- 
fluence. A devoted l^-fer of music, he pub. in 



1819 a vol. of chants; in 1828 "Music of the 
CImrch." &c. ; and in 1831 "The Choir and 
Family P.-alter." He also pub. " Our Saviour, 
with Prophets and Apostles," and " Sermons 
on Religious Education," &c., 1829; edited 
" Women of the Bible," and con;rib. to many 
periodicals. A memorial vol. edited by his 
widow, 1836, contains 34 of his sermons, and 
a .Memoir by Bishop Do.ine. His son Jos.v- 
Tn.\N M.. eom. U.S.N., was killwl, 1 Jan. 1863, 
upon " The Harriet Lane," in the attack on 
Galveston, Texas. 

Waite, Gen. C.tRLOS A., h. N.Y. 1800; 
d. Platt-burg, NY., May 7, 1866. App. lieut. 
of inf. Jan. 28, 1820; eapt. July, 1836; major 
8th Inf. Feb. 16, 1847; com. hi"s regt. in Val- 
ley of Mexico ; brev. lieut -col. forgallautry in 
battles of Coutreras and Churubuseo ; brev. 
col. for El Molino del Rev, Aug. 1848, in which 
he was wounded ; lient.-col. 5th Inf. Nov. 10, 
1S51 ; col. 1st Inf. June 3, 1860, After con- 
tinuous service in the Rebellion, he was retired 
in Feb. 1864 : brev. bri-.-gen. 13 M:ir. 1865. 

Waite, Henry Matsos, LL.D. (Y.C. 
1853), jurist, b. Lvme, Ct., Feb. 9, 1787; d. 
there Dec. 14, 1869. Y.C. 1809. Adm. to 
the bar in Dee. 1812, and practised in Lyme ; 
member of the State le;;isl. in 1815 ; of the 
senate in 1832-3; judge of the Superior Court 
and Sup. Court of Ermrs 1834-.34, and chief 
justice from 1854 to Feb. 1857. — -V. £". Hist. 
Gcmil. AVi., Apr. 1870. 

Wakefield, Mrs. A. C, n& Naney W. 
Priest; d. Winchcudoii, Ms., Sept. JO, 1870, a. 
33. Author of the beautiful poem, " Over the 
River," tiist pnb. in Aug. 1857. 

Wakeman, Geokce, journalist, b. Grecn- 
fieUl Hi. I, Ct.. 4 Feb. 1841 ; d. N. York City, 
Mar. 19, 1870. Removed to New York in 
1858, ami wrote for the Ijetititr. Several years 
conm-cted with the Xtw-York U'oi/i/, and a 
coutrib. to the Culiixy, Ap/il- Ion's Joiinml, and 
other |>criodicals ; app. in 1868 stenographer 
to the N.Y. senate. 

Walbach, Ges. Johs De Barth, b. 
Alsace, on the Rhine,1764; d. Baltimore, Md., 
June 10, 1857. App. ensign of the Ro\al 
Alsace Regt. under Prince Maxiinili::n (after- 
ward king of Bavaria), in the French service 
Dee. 1. 1782; major, Nov, 1795. He came to 
Amer. in 1796; studied law in the office of 
Alexander Hamilton ; was app. lieut. of U.S. 
cavalry, Jan. 8, 1799; capt. Jan, 1806; assist, 
adj.-gcn. (rank of major) June, 1SI3; adj.- 
gen,"(nmk of col.) Aug. 6, 1813; brev. major 
for g-allaut conduct in battle of Chrvstler's 
Fields, Nov. U, 1S13 ; brev. lieui.-c'ol. for 
meritorious services, May 1, 1815 ; major 
of art. Apr. 25, 1818; brev. col. May 1, 1825 ; 
brev. bri;;.-ien. Mav, 1850; licut.-co'l. 1st Art. 
Jlav ,30, 1832 ; col." 4lh Aru Mar. 19, 1S42. — 
Gw-iim r. 

Walbridge, Gen. Hiram, a prominent 
citizen of New \ork, b. Ithaca, N.Y., Feb. 22, 
1821 ; d. N.Y. City, Dec 6, 1870. Ohio U. 
1841. He studied law in Tololo, O. ; was 
adni. to the bar in 1843; and in 1844 was a 
brig.-gen. of Ohio militia ; in 1847 he K-caine 
a merchant in New York; a zealous promoter 
of the commercial interests of the country, and 
of its internal improvement; a Dcraoc M.C 



"WAJi, 



947 



AV^^i, 



^;!;^'^"S«S.'°st £■. «;«-;«r.-: -« »l.. 



don in 180C; was «i,lc. J- Uv'rT' , ^""i 

1 r:^r' ;;,"*; ^'""^"^ .'" '^■'••- Yo.k i„ ja„ 

A,,.' . ' ""' P""'-«il> there 53 vem-s 
Ue,,,sen - yv},,'!!..!^' ""'^ '^"<'"> ■"»» i'*-''^' 



so,^f,^°' ^'•''"^■'''- P"NAM, author, grand- 

latnr liobbins's Journal ; " " Tour of I',,. ; 
dent Monroe, with Sketch of his l! ,' ■ /j,no 



ISOl he a.lvoeatca the callin^Z^of i^o^oo 
and declined, a seat in Mr. Lincoln's caWnet 
\K;e.prcs. of the Nat. Co,n>,,ercia Co ,v at' 
Cl'cuso, and snbse,,uentiy pres. over si uila 
bodies in J)etroit and Lonisv He H^ ..,1 , 

lilt dc»elopn em o( tlie leso.irces of the West 

-^t?*d^--\-=.s-eo„^ 

t^^.e Old Olvmpi • k,urarClt.k'::''"t';y' , Waldron (or eorreetiv Walderne. 
he renioved to Piiila. In oce'mrrc cot^ "d • he Warw I'l'"'''^'''^'-^':'''"' "'N'^. I' v1e"fe ' 
m n%'r' °" ""^ ?"^"'*'' °'- A-nerieaTi sta^e bl t e Indi In'' V^'' "f''"- " *^""- '«'^J ■• "'"'-'j 

IGs'l ""r""-«"<"-. chief just'iee, and pi-s 
. ,•„ „ ""iT-'-eiu; -Kiehard IIT ,!,„ r- ' "'' i""* '''« ^hief military ollieer of 

.0 -..■ "Ti. custo,s jf t. c::r!^= s:;:S1^7s.t!"U;rS ^^;i;i.«1-fi 

or sold into slaverv. This 



or Ardent Spirits and'' Li.Ii.fhTn. -War ' •-' Z.o- . " ,7 " — — <" -e 

Wash,nj;ton ■ " " Don Giova,„7i in Got'h- i„ gs ^''"V"""*^ '<"•■ chief jusjiee, and pres 

f ,' •„ ,,'^^^""' Copperfield ; " •• Richard III ,L% , " i""* ""^ '■''"'^'^ military ollicer of 

to k, 1 ; " ."The c'ultoms oV the Con ,trv •= ^rltZ'- ^" l^'V''"^ '"« "« ^-^'^'j by 

and Snip.Snaps." Chak..bs M., J„n ' hi, '','^,'^™ f ■<■'"' hundred Indians, 200 of 

^\on, also a comedian, b. Boston, Ju j 1840 ^-IZ i , '"'"*■'' °' ''°''' ^"'° ^l^^en-. This 

Educated at St. John's Coll., Tordham N V f V"* 1"'"" "1^°" ''™ '"'c veuKeauec of the 

grad. I80S iJe made his *6 - " „ cTade Jn ' e" an?m'""'l 'f^"'' '"""■• ""'^e hinlpr^^ ,' 

leading light comedian, which he has per- P n 'mo, ,t ' ^° ^'"'- '"■'^°) removed to 

formed m the lea.lin^ theatres of the 11 ^ f ""-""outh, was counsellor of X.ll. lesi 

May 31. ,863, he m.''lsabeli:.\iau.'^^f Jolm c'r p'"-'!',? "!■ """T" "=''--' ^'''^'f J-tke 

AiAinson, the comedian. ^ii' 'i j'"'-' "' Probato, and a colonel. 

Waldo, Daxikl, a Cons, clergj-man b coS, f 1."^"®'"', '^'•""'^' " ^"rman 

J^ indbain, Ct., Sept. 10, mS; d. S "ac ise If, I ' ^i''""'-? "''. 1470; d. after 15-'. 

^•V,J,ily;jO, 1864,a. 102. Y.C. 1788 He wlil,'^ iv ^"r™''""'''" to Cosmography, 

was a soldier in the Kevol. army; was taken c " 1 -n-°'" ^'^•7"^ "^ '^'""'"'^ ^'4u- 

P nsoner at llorsencck, and was co iRned in the c , on of V, '" "''"'' .'l "'"^"cated the appli- 

s^drri; "'','" ^«r. York, where he end. e'l World "'""' ^'"'"''^ " '" "'= ^^'^ 

sntioiings and cruelties from which he bnreli -WToi 

esc..ped with his life. Ifc was from May ai i-^^'^-^'- S-^"c;el, ^.U. (Y.C. 1782; N.J. 

I<92, till 1809, pastor of the r,,n„ m" u '81), minister of Milford 1770-8" ■ Di'of ,,l 

in 1 .a. and i\. Y. !„ isio-isi | he preached at 
Cambndgeport, Ms.; after which'he was a 
ni.^Monary m U.I. till 1820; then preached at 
Harvard ; was then for 12 years setllcd at E..e- 
'v.'.i r A "?'' "f't^rward resided in N.Y. Mr 



of 



death, X-eb. 18, 1794, a. ab. 4C. Y.C. 17C7. 
t'J'°V> V''"^'^"-' °f ^»r National Pro,- 
'^^Voi, ■''"",", Sermon," 178.^, Uanfoid. 

WaUte, IIen-rt, rear-adm. U. S X b 
Irinccss Anne Co., Va., Anr 26 I80q Ui.i' 

;^ic son of Jonathan, a wealthy merchant of oJ',"^,"",^"? ,"« "«'''™" «-ar, 1847-8; 

Boston, who d. in 17.31 ; and w... a bri" b"nlc oT M I •'"■ v"" '-' I^^'"K'«" " ■>' "he 

«t the capture of Louisburg in 1745. T c'r": CaromWc^' ?"l- "»"■ '®'^' = '""'■ " ^hc 

Md.-dntFal,i,onth;wasanaccomplished active l^Cl i ^J^l"^ ^^'"'i'' *'«''• «• '8S2; 

;".-'! cnterpiising man; had crossed tte o^^^'n lo Mar rl'i'fif "^ '' '■'""■, '^''- = "^''^'"'^ ^''' 

l3 times; an.l was a .listing, officer Tb.re ,.1 ^ *~®-' ™l'tured Confed. batteries 

were remarkable coincidencef betwee"' his life Tl.lo'" ,^ ,"''""t «nd spiked the guns. Apr. 

mid that of his friend Sir \Vm Pen ,er ^f M ' .''i'"'"-; "'^ ^•"" I'l'ow, Mav II, 1862 ; 

They lived in Mc, and were ricd.' bacE : mvcp , ^''■^'f ' '^''"" '^i ,'*''.^ ^"^""-'e'n'-nt h^' 

they were councillors together ; thc'rco m' T.l ^be Carondelet " and Confed. r.im 

mandcd regiments, and were to4 herat I out fh}^ •■ V™° ^""' J"l.v 15, 1862 ; com. 

hurg; theypas,sedayeartogethcii, Kniand^ !„?, '^^1''""'?^"^ ^^^''- ""''"" '" ""'I""' 

were born the same year; Snd died ncarh nl ",, ..•''^.'^^^''"'•f-'. 1S62; com. ironcla.l ■' Lafay- 

thc same time. . »nu uita ncarh at ettc in 1863; pas.sagcof batteries at Vickshurg 

Waldo, Samckl, portrait- painter b fj^^.''','.'*"""'* ^ '"';"'-■ "f G«'"d Oiill, Apr. i.;.,' 

^\ iiidham, Ct., 1783; d.'w.Y. City Feb 16 i'l ' '^"^"''f'^ ""= f"'"=^ "^ Dick T«d,,r at 

iN.i. i.,ty, icb. 16, Simmsport, June4, 1863; and in I80S took 



W^AJL. 



948 



W-AX, 



com. of naval station at MounJ City, Illinois. — 

Walker, Am.vs.v, LL.D. (Amh. Coll. 
IS67), writer on polit. economy, l>. Woodstock, 
Ct., May 4, 1799. DescenileJ troui Augustine, 
I'l-eeman of Charlestoivn. 1641 ; eilucatcil in the 
coin, school of X. Brooktieid, at wliicli place 
he now (ISTl) resides. Jn 1825-40 he w.,s a 
merchant in Boston, and was many years 
connected with the Ms. Antislavery Society ; 
in 1S4S he was a Free-soil reprcsentaiive ; in 
1849 State senator; was one of the earliest 
advocates of the establishment of the Western 
Railroad ; has been a devoted tem|)erance load- 
er; and, besides cultivating a taste for litera- 
ture, has carelully studied for many years the 
science of poliiical economy, of which he was 
in IS42-9 prof, at Oberlin Coll. He visited 
Europe as a delegate to the fii'St International 
Peace Convention in 184-3, and a^'ain in 1849. 
See. of state 1851-2; member Const. Conv. 
185.3 ; M.C. from Ms. in 1862-3. Lecturer on 
polit. economy in Amh. Coll. since 1861. Au- 
thor of "Science of Wealth," 5th ed., 1869; 
speeches, addresses, orations, &c. ; and ed., with 
W. B. Calhoun and C. L. Flint, " Trans." 
Agri-. Sue. of Ms. 1847-.53, 7 vols. Svo. 

Walker, Col. Bexj.4.mis, Revol. officer, 
b. Eng. 1753; d. Utica, X.Y., 13 Jan. 1S18. 
He was brought up a merchant; became a 
capt. in the 2d N.Y. Regt. ; was aide-de-camp 
to Steuben, and in 1781-2 to Washington; 
after the war, was sec. to the gov. of N.Y. ; 
then became a broker in N.Y. Ciiy ; naval offi- 
cer of N.Y. in Washington's administration ; 
M.C. 1801-3. In 1797 he became agent for the 
Earl of Bute's great estates in Western N.Y. ; 
and was ideutitied with the growth and prog- 
ress of Utica. 

Walker, Gex. Frascis Amasa, statis- 
tician, second .~on of Amasa and Hannah Am- 
brose Walker, b. Boston, 2 July, 1840. Amh. 
Coll. 1860. In 1843 his lather removed to X. 
Brooktieid. Francis began to study law with 
Dcvens and Hoar of Worcester; but in 1861 
was made serg.-maj. of Devens's (15th Ms.) 
regt. ; 14 Sept. 1861, assist, adj. -gen. Couch's 
brigade ; 11 Aug. 1862, adj.-gen. Couch's div.; 
and 23 Dec. 1863, became a col. on the staff 
of the 2d army corps; brev. brig.-gen. 1865. 
He served in the Army of the Potomac ; was 
wounded at Chancellorsville ; made prisoner 
at Reanis's Station ; was confined in Libby 
Pri-on, suffering so much in health as to be 
obliged to resign after being exchanged early 
in 1865. He subsequently tixught for 2 years 
in the Williston Seni. ; was then for one year 
asrist. ed. Sprinnfield RepuNican ; then took 
charge of the bureau of statistics at Wash- 
ing;on ; was superiuiendent of the census of 
1870; and in Nov. 1871 was app. Indian 
commissioner. 

Walker, Hesdeksox, gov. N.C. from 
1699 to his (\. April 14, 1704,' a. 44. He was 
a lawyer, judge of the Supreme Court, and 
pres. of the council, and introduced impor- 
tant reforms in the judiciary. 

Walker, Sir HovEsoEx.kt., of Somers- 
hain, Eng., a British adm. ; d. broken-hciiried 
in Dublin, Jan. 1726. He entered the navy 
young ; became a capt. in 1692 ; rcar-adm. of 



the white in 1710; and for his gallantry w.is 
in 1711 knighted by Queen Anne. He is con 
nccted with our history by his ill-starred expcd. 
whiih in that year saileil lor Queliec to wrest 
Canada from the French. 'I"he difficult navi- 
gation of the St. Lawrence, as well as a storm, 
whiih wrecked halt his ships on /s/e mix (Eiif's, 
compelled his return to England. Here he 
suffered more reverses : his ship " The Edgar " 
(of 74 guns) blew up at Spiihead, and nearly , 
all the crew perished. Blamed for negligence 
in this matter, and his ill lortune at Quebec 
being yet recent, he was disiuis>ed the service 
in 1715. He pub. in 1720 "A Journal or 
Full Account of the Late Expod. to Canada," 
ic. He had previously settled upon a plan- 
tation in South Caiolina. 

Walker, James, D.D. (H.U. 1835), schol- 
ar and theologian, b. Burliugioii, Ms., Aug. 
16, 1794. H.U. 1814. He was settled over 
the Unitarian society of Charlestown, April 
15, 1818-39 ; was Allord prof, of moral philos. 
at H.U. 1839-53; and pros, from Feb. 1853 
to Feb. 1860. He has delivered before the 
Lowell Institute a course of lectures on natu- 
ral religion, also a course on the philosophy 
of religion, 1860. Besides contribs. to the 
Christian Examiner, with which he was edito- 
rially connected in 1831-9, he has pub. an edi- 
tion of " Reid on the Intellectual Powers," and 
Dugald Stewart's " Philosophy of the Active 
and Moral Powers;" and in 1861 a vol. of 
sermons preached in the chapel of Harv. Coll. 
while a prof, there, 12ino; "Memoir of D. 
Applcton White," 1863; "Memoir of Josi.ih 
Quincy," 1867. 

Walker, James Barr, D D.. clergyman 
and author, b. Phila. July 29, 18051 He 
worked in a manuf. at Pittsburg, and for 4 
years in a printing-otJSee. At the age of 20, he 
travelled on foot to New York; l>ecame a clerk 
in the office of M. M. Noah ; and was alterward 
principal of an academy at New Durham, X.J. 
Returning to the West, he ne.\t studied law in 
Ravenna, 0., and from 1828 to 1831 studied in 
the Westeni Res. Coll., Hudson. He pub. and 
edited successively three religious newspapers 
at Hudson, Cincinnati, and Chicago, also en- 
gaging in the publication and sale of books. 
About 18.39 he began to study theolofry; was 
licensed to preach by the presbytery of Chicago 
in 1841 ; and has since resided in Mansfield, 
0., where he has established a private asylum 
for orphans; has been for some time acting- 
pastor of a church in Sandusky, and is lecturer 
on " The Harmony between Science and Re- 
vealed Religion " at Oberlin College and Chi- 
cago Thcol. Sem. Author of " Philosophy of 
the Plan of Salvation," pub. anonymousiy, 4 
editions of which have been pub. in Eng., and 
which has been translated into several Euro- 
pean languages; "God Revealed in Creation 
and in Christ," 1858; "Philosophy of Scepti- 
cism;" " Philosophy of the Divine Oiwratiou 
in Human Redemption," London, 1862 ; 
" Poems," London, 1862; " The Living Ques- 
tions of the Age," 1869; "Doctrine of the 
Holy Spirit," 1870; and poetical pieces in 
" Poets and Poetry of the West." — Applelon. 

Walker, Robert, judge of the Sup. Court 
of Ct. 1760-72 ; d. Stratford, Ct., 1772. T.C, 



949 



1730. A descendant of Robert of Boston, 
163-*. and of his son Zechaiiali, minister of 
Stratford and Woodbury in IGTO-ITOO. 

Walker, Roheist J.vmks, sialusman and 
financier, b. Nortluimberlaiid, Pa., 19 July, 
1801; d. Washington, D. C, 11 Nov. 1SG9. 
U. of I'a. 1819. Adm. to the Pittsburg bar in 
1821. At 22 he was chairman of a Dcmoc. 
com., and was instrumental in cftcctinj; Jaclt- 
son's first nomination to the presidency in 

1824. In the spring of 1826 lie settled in Nat- 
chez, Wpi. U.S. senator 1837-45, and a leader 
of the Democ. party. He supported the lead- 
ing measures of Van Buren, especially tlie 
divorce of the govt, from the banks ; exercised 
great influence over Pres. Tykr, whom he in- 
duced to veto the l)ank bill framed under the 
auspices of Mr. Clay; and counselled the vigor- 
ous steps which led to the incorporation of 
Texas into the Union. He was insirumcntal in 
defeating Mr. Van Burcn's .3d nomination, and 
secured that of Mr. Polk; a letter of Jlr. 
Walker's on the Texas question largely influ- 
encing the election of the latter. Sec. U.S. 
treasury 1845-9 ; gov. of Kansas Terr. Apr. 
1857-8 (a period of great difijcnity), he re- 
signed, being " unwilling to aid in forcing 
slavery on Kansas by fraud and forgery." Dur- 
ing the Rebellion he materially aided the Union 
cause, being financial agent of the U. S. in 
Europe (May, 1863-Nov. 1864), effcctin;.'' the 
sale of S250,6oO,000 of 5-20 bonds, and defeat- 
ing the second Confed. loan of $75,000,000. 
Influeniial in procuring the ratification of the 
Alaska Treaty, and an able and efficient advo- 
cate of the Pacific Railroad. His celebrated 
report in favor ot free-trade was reprinted by 
order of the British house of commons. In 
connection with his law-partner, F. P. Stanton, 
he pub. a monthly mag. of merit, but with 
])ccuniary loss. Author of " Reports of Sup. 
Court of Mpi. 1818-32," 8vo, 1834; "Argu- 
ment on the Mpi. Slave-Question," 1841. 

Walker, Sears Cook, mathematician and 
astronomer, b. Wilmington, Ms., March 2;*, 
1805; d. Cincinnati, Jan. 30, 1853. 11. U. 

1825. lie taught school near Boston and 
in Pbila., whither ho removed in 1827. His 
parallactic tables, first prepared in 1 834, greatly 
reduced the time needed for computing the 
phases of an occnltation. In 1837 he prepared 
a plan for the organization of an observatory 
in connection with the Phila. High School, 
which was tlic first in America deserving the 
name,cxcc])t the one at Hudson, Ohio. From 
its equipment in 1840 until 1852, he [mb. in 
the " Proceedings " of the Philos. Soc. and the 
Am. Jour. ofSurnce many observations and in- 
vestigations made liv himself, or in conjunction 
with his half-bro. Prof. Kendall. In 1841 he 
pub. a valuable memoir on the periodical 
meteors of Aug. and Nov.; in 1845 he was 
placed in the Washington Observatory, where, 
Feb. 2, 1847, 4 months after the discovery of 
the planet Neptune, he discovered that a star 
observed by Lalaudc in May, 1795, tnust have 
been this planet, — a fact subsequently demon- 
straicd. Leaving the observatory soon after, 
he took charge of the longitud.- computiiiions 
of the U.S. coast-survey, an oflicc in which ho 
remamcd until his la-.t illness. By 1849, the 
joint labors of Walker and Bache had success- 



fully carried oat the method of telegraphic lon- 
gitudedcrcrminations. The introduction of the 
chronogniphic method of recording observa- 
tions bi'iongs to them. Walker pub. F.pheine- 
ris of the planet Neptune for 1848-52; and 
Researches relative to that planet, 1850. 

Walker, Timothy, jurist, b Rumtbrd, 
June 20. 1737; d. May 5, 1822. H.U. 17.')6. 
Son of Rev. Timothy, minister of Concord 
17:J0-82. Me studied'divinity ( com. a legt. of 
minute-men at the siege of Boston; was one 
of the com. of safety 1 776 ; was alterwards pay- 
master; member of State Constitutional Con 
vention; State representative and senato.-; 
judge of C. C. P. in N. H. 1777-1804; chief 
justice 1804-9. 

Walkef, TiMoriiv, LL.n. (H.U. 1S54), 
jurist, b. Wiliiiington, Ms., Dec. 1, 1802; d. 
Cincinnati, O., Jan. 15, 1856. H. U. 1826. 
Bro of Scars Cook. He taught three years in 
the Roiiiid-hiil Sihool, Xorthainjiton ; entered 
the Dane Law School in 1S29 ; and in 1830 
went to Cincinnati, where he was in 1831 adm 
to the liar, and began practice. In 1 833. in con 
neciion with Judge Wright, he established a 
law school in Cincinnati, which in 1835 was 
united with the coll. there, he continuing a 
prof until 1844, and having, fora time, the ex- 
clusive charge of it ; in 1842 he was app. pres. 
judge of the Hamilton C.C.P., and.atier leav- 
ing that post, became eilitorof the Western Caw 
Jour, Author of "Introduction to American 
Law ; " a treatise on gcomelry, used as a school 
text-book ; a discourse on the history of Ohio 
before the Ohio Hist. Soc., 1838; address at 
Miami U., 1832 ; " Dignity of the Law as a 
Prolession," 1837 ; orations on J. Q. Adams, 
1848, and on Daniel Webster, 1852; also 
speeches, ai tides in the JV. A. Itei-iew, &c. 

Walker, William, filibuster, h. Nash- 
ville, Tenn., .May 8, 1824; executed at Trux- 
illo, Honduras, "Sept. 12,1860. He studied, 
but never practi-cd. medicine; afterward stud- 
ied law in Nashville; and, renio\ing to New 
Orleans, became an editor of tile Crescent, news- 
paper. In 1850 he went to California, where 
ho was one of the editors of the San Francisco 
Herald, and afterward a lawyer at Marysville. 
In July, 1853, he organized an exped. for the 
conqne^t ol Sonora, on the failure of which he 
snrrenilcred himself to the U.S. officers in San 
Diego; was tried at San Francisco, May 15, 
1854, for violating the neutrality laws, and ac- 
quitted. June II, 1855, with 62 followers, he 
landed at Itealejo, Nicaragua, and, after gain- 
ing two battles, took possession of Granada, 
Oct. 15, anil was app generalissimo of the 
republic. Hostilities wiili Costa Rica having 
broken out, be was defeated near Ouanacastc, 
Mar. 20, 1 856 ; and at Uivas, Apr. 1 1 , gained an 
advantage which put a temporary slop to the 
war. June 25, he caused himscll to be ilccted 
pres. By his arbitrary acts a |io\verlul insur- 
rection was excited; and .May 1, 1857, after 
several battles. Walker was obliged to surren- 
der himself to Com. C. !1. Davis of the U.S. 
gloop-of-war " St. Mary's," by whom he was 
taken to the U.S. Nov. 1 1 , he again lainled at 
Punta Arenas Nicaragua; but, Dec. 8, was com- 
pelled by Com. Paulding. U S.N., to surrender, 
and t.ikin as i prisoner to Ni'w York. In June, 
1860, he again left New Orleans, landing at 



930 



A\-.VL 



Tnixillu June 27. In a prodiiraaiion to ilie )ieo 
pie of Honduras lio iuforui«tl thorn that Ik- w:i$ 
makuiiz war. not on thorn, but on thoir ;:uvt. He 
w»s oaptnivxl Sopt. -3, brotijiht bjiok to frnxillo. 
cou^ieninoJ bv a conrt-iuartial, an.l >hot Author 
of •• Tlio \Va-. ill N cara.u'ua." M.'bile. l>6l) 

Walker, lits. Wii.u.im ll. l'.. b. Ga. 
ISIT : kiUoUia tho.««:ond b.iitloat Docatiir. Ga., 
Ju!y 2i. ISui. Wtvt I'oint, 1S.!7. Bivv. 1st 
lioui. for ;»allantiv in FlorlJa, IXv. 25. 1S;JT ; 
ihrico wounli'd i.i buttle of OkovcUoliec ou that 
da.v ; capt. 7 Xov. 1S45: brov. maj for Conwv- 
ras anil (Jhurubuico Ausr- 20, 1 $+7 ; with storm- 
ins; (Kirty, ami bivv. lieut -col. for jpjlantni-. at 
Molino del Kcv, Sept. 8, IS47. and sevorely 
wounded ; i-oin. of cadets, and instr. inf tac- 
tics, at West Point, IS54-6; major 10th Inf. 
Xliir. 3. 1#J3 ; resi.;rneii 20 Dec. lS6i>. and made 
a inaj -£Kn. Contej. army. Xoieii for reckless 
courier' and fnxjuont wonnds in battle. 

Walker, William Jouxsox. M D.. phy- 
sician, h. Charlestown. Ms. Mar. 15, 1790: il. 
Kow|H>rt, Apr. 2, IS65. H U. ISIO. Son of 
M*j Timothy. He studieil moilicino, practised 
in Ch irlcstovvn.and, as a skilful sui^reuii, had no 
sui>orior in the State. Late in life he accumu- 
latiil jrreai wealth, of which he gave away 
S400.0iX>. andat his death loft a million and a 
quarter, of which he dividctl near a millioD 
anion;; various institutions of learninir. 

Walker, Capt. William M., U S.X., b. 
ISn ; d. N.\ . 19 Xov. 1866 : griid. U.S. Xaval 
SchiKil ; pa.ssed inidshipm. June, 1 833 : look part 
in Wilkes's explorinirexped. 18-'tS— tl : was sent 
by itw navy dept- in 1831 to Frjtnce and Enjr. 
to eolicct inform.\tion upon the application of 
steam lo naval architecture and crpupmeut ; and 
durini: the UcK'llion ixmi. the steamer " De So- 
to." of the Gulf block, sipuulr 111. He pub. 
" Xoies on S.rcw Propulsion. " 8vo. X Y., 1861 . 

Wall, G.xRRKT 1)., lawver and politician, 
b. Monmouth Co.. XJ., Mar. 10, 178:3 : d Bur^ 
liuiTton. N" J., Xov. 22. I80O. Receiving an aca- 
demical evlucation, he studied law at Trenton : 
was in 1804 licensed as an atty.. and in 1807 as 
a counsellor at l.iw ; clerk of the Sup. Court 
1812-17 ; quarterm -gen. of the State 1815— '57 ; 
member of the Assembly in 1827 ; U.S. dist,- 
atty. in 1829: eleete»l gov. of the State, but 
declined the office, the same ye;»r : was U.S. 
senator 1S:>5-4I ; judge of the Court of Errors 
and Appeals 1848-50. When an attack was 
expeciol from the British during the wiir of 
1812. he com. a vol. comjwny from Trenton, 
which was stationcl at Sstndy Hook. His dau. 
m. the Hon. Peter D. Vrwom His son J.vmks 
W., a lawyer, and U.S. senator 1862— :} (b. 
Trenton, 1820: XJ. Coll. 1838), is author of 
" Fotv'i:;u Etchinss." 1855 ; " Essavs on the 
Earlv En-. Poets." JU-. 

Wallace, David, politician, b. Phila. .\pr. 
4. 17'.>;i ; tl. lndi.anavK)lis, Sept. 4, 18.19. West 
Point (iieut- of art.), 1821; resigneil June I, 
1822 His father's family tvmove<l in 1817 to 
Brookviilo, Iiid. The sou studied law : ac- 
quir<-d an extensive and lucrative practice in 
Irankliu Co : was several times eiei-tc«l to the 
State lo'.;i>l. ; member Const. Conv : lieui.- 
Sov. in 18:54-7 ; lov. 1837-40; M.C. in 1841- 
3 ; and juds.'e Marion Co. C.C.P. 1836-9. 

■ Wallace, Hosack Bixset. scholar, h 
Phila. Feb. 26, 1817 ; killed hiui.self at Paris, 



in consojucnce of a disease of the brain. Dec. 
16.1852. X.J. Coll. 1835. He studie-l clvtn- 
istr\'. medicine, and tinaily law with his taihcr 
John B . an eminent lawyer, and afterwards 
with Charles Chaunrey. Ue cditeil, with notes. 
Smith's "Leading Csises in Law." White and 
Tudor's " Leaditig Ctscs in Equity.'" and 
" American Leading Cases." The fruit of a 
Euroiiesm visit in 1 849-30 was " Art. Secnerv, 
and Philosophy in Europe," Phila. 1 835 ; also 
author of " Literary Criticisms, and Dther Pa- 
pers." 1836 ; •' Stanley, or the Recollections of 
a Man of the World.'" a novel. 12mo, 1838. 
He pub. many articles in (H-riodicals, and was 
much intervstevi in philo>ophical speculation. 

Wallace, Sir Jambs, a British admiral ; 
d. London. Mari-h 6. 1803. He bee.amc jiost- 
capt. Jan. 10. 1771 : rear-.adm. Apr. 12, 1794; 
vice-adm. Jan. 1, 1793; adiu. of tlie Blue. Jan. 
1, 1801 ; and in 1793-3 was sw)v. of Xewlound- 
land. He com. tlie British fleet at Xewport in 
1773: t.Vt. 1777. ascended the Hud>on on a 
marauding exped . and destroyed Kingsion, 
plundering the towns he visited, and wantonly 
destroying private pivpeny. Captuivd in 
"The Exjieiiment" (30 guns) by U"Estaiug, 
Sept. 24. 1 779 ; n>m. "' The Warrior " in Uod- 
Bey's victorj" over De Grasse. 12 Apr. 1782 

Wallace, James, D D.. mathematician; 
d. S C Jan. 15. 1851. Prof, of mathematics 
in S. C. Coll.. previously in Col. Coll., and 
Georget. Coll.. D.C. Author of a treatise on 
glo •es and on practical jistrononiy. 

Wallace, Johx Br.idford. lawyer, b. 
Somerset Co.. X.J.. 17 Aug. 1778; d. Phila. 
7 Jan. 1837. X J. Coll. 1794. Adm. to Pa. 
Ivir 1797. Author of " Rejniris 3d Circ. U.S. 
Circ. Court." 1801. 8vo; "Remarks on the 
Litw of Bailment,"" 1840. Edited " .Abbtit on 
Shippinir." ab. 1802. A Memoir by his widow 
was pub. 1848. — Aiii'vitf. 

Wallace, Johx William. rejHirter U.S. 
Sup. Court since 21 Mar. 1864 : son of J. B. ; 
b. Phila. 1 7 Feb. 1815. U. of Pa. \ 833. .Ma- 
ter in chancerv. Pa. Sup. Court. Author of 
"The Rewrters." Svo. 1843: "Ca,*es in the 
3d Circ. U. S. Circ. Court." 1842-53, 2 vols. 
8vo: Address. 20 May, 18M, on the 2i>oth 
binhdav of William Brjidfonl, printer ; " Re- 

E)ris U. S. Sup Court." 1864, tt sm}. Editoil 
ritish Crown Cases Reserved, 6 vols. Svo ; 
Smith's " Leading Cases," and •• Amor. Lead- 
ing Cases." Pnes Hist. Soc. of Pa. — .4'('/(.>h^. 
Wallace, Gex.' Lkwis, b. Brookville, 
Franklin t."o , Ind.. .\pr. 10. 1827 ; sou of Gov. 
David. Was a law-student at the outbreak of 
the ■Mcxicjtn war. and. at tlw call for ^^•luntce^s, 
K-came It 1st Ind. Vols. After the war. beg:m 
the practii-e of law in Covington. Ind.; thence 
ivn>ovc»l to Crawfonisville Sened one term in 
the State senate. When the civil war bn>ke 
out. ho «-as app. adj.-gen. of Ind , and so<.)u 
after col. 1 1 th Ind. Vols., with which lie fought 
the battle of Romney, and foK«d the rebels to 
evacuate Harjier"s Ferry. Bris-ircn. of vols., 
Sept. :». 1861 ; Uxl a division at the capture of 
Ft. Donelson, where 1k> won the grade of niaj - 
pen., dating (mm Mar. 21. 1862 ; was conspicu- 
ous for saliantri- at Shiloh : in 1863, by energy 
in pr^'parins; dcfciu'e, savwi Cincinnati ironi cap- 
ture by Gen. Kirbv Smith : aftcrwanls assi;:ned 
to command of Middle Dept. and 8th Army 



951 



AV^VL. 



Corps. lid Qr«. Bnllimoro, Mil. ; with S.SOO 
men iiitoiv^pied Kaily iimrLliiri^ ii| im Wnsli- 
inf;ton with 2t<,0(lO, iiiill July <J, 18r,4. foiijiht ilio 
battle of MoniK-acy, Mil. 'rho«<:li ileleaieil, he 
yrainoil his oliject ; v'n. , liino lor (icii. (irairt to 
re-ciilbrec the capital hvin Citv Point, llvimlcr 
of Gen. llalloek, he was super>edi-d by ( iet'i. On\ ; 
but, when Gen. Grant learnoil tlie)iariieularsot' 
the action, he inmn-<lialely iv-instatcil Gen \V. in 
his command, and, in his official ivp. (or 1805, 
said, •• On the 6th (.Inly) the enemy ( Karh ) oe- 
cnpiiil Ha^icrsiown, moving a sirong culnmn 
toward Krcderiek City. Gen. Wallace, with 
llickeit's div. and his own eommanil, llic latter 
mostly new and undisciplined troops, pii.slied out 
from ilaltimore with jjrcat promptness, anil met 
the enemy in lon-e on the Monoeacy, near the 
crossinii of the railroad brid^.;e. llis lone was 
not sntfifient to insure success : but he fuuu'ht 
the enemy nevertheless ; and, althoujrl; it result- 
ed in a (iefeat to our arms, yet he iletaiiicd ilie 
enemy, ami thereby served to enable \Vri;;lit to 
rea. li VVajhiuLTton . . . before him." An ac- 
ki.ow led^'inent that (Je 1. \V. by hi,- promptitude 
and lirmnoss saved the capital from eapinrc at a 
most important juuelnre in the war. Gen. \V. 
was pix's. of the commission app. to invcstiirate 
Gen. Buell's operations in Tenn and Ky.; nn-m- 
berof court that tried the ns«a-.sins of I'lvs Lin- 
coln; pres of court that triid Capt. Wirr, of An- 
dersiaiville. lic.siu'ned at end of KelH'llion.nnd 
ret to practice of law at Crawfordsville, Ind. 
Autlua- ol "The Fair God, a Tale of the Con- 
quest of Mexico," limo, Boston, 1S7.3. 

Wallace, Gen- \Vili.ia.m ILhivky L'.VMn, 
b. Urbana, 0., Jiilv 8, 1821 ; d. Savannah, 
Tenn., April 10, Tsfi-i. lie studied law at 
Sprin^tield and Ottawa, III.; served in the 
Mexican war as private, lieiit., and adj., in 
Hardin's rcj;t. ; in 1853 was elected state-atly. 
for the 9th ciix-nit of III. ; in May, 1861, he lie- 
cnine col. of the 1 1th III. Rcgt. ; at the capture 
of Fort Donelson, where he was prominent, he 
com a brigade in .McClernand's div. ; was ( Mar. 
21, 1862) made bri^.-j;en.of vols. ; and wastnor- 
tallv wounileil on the first day of the battle of 
Sliiiob, where he com a division. Was the eldest 
of live bros , all of whom served in the civil war. 

Wallace, Wh.ham Uoss.imct, b. Lexin;;- 
lon, Ky., 1819. Kdueated at the Bloomin^ton 
and So. Hanover Colle^-cs, Ind., and studied 
law at lA.-xinjrton, but at the age of 22 went to 
N v., where he has since residcil, ensascd in 
literary pursuits. Besides his contributions in 
verse to newspapers and |icriodicals, be bus pub. 
" The Battle of Tippei'auoe and other I'cKins " 
(\8.1T), " Alhan the I'irate " (18-lS). '-.Medita- 
tions in America and other Poems" (I8."il), 
'• Loved and Lost " (IS.IG), "The Liberty BcU" 
(18112), "Diri.'cof Napoleon " (written iK-fore 
he was 17), " I'leasnres of the Beautiful," &c. 

Wallack, .Umks William, actor, b. Lon- 
iloii, Au-. 24, 1795; d. X.V. City, Dec. 2.'>, 
I8i'i4. His lather Win. was a disting. comedian 
nnil vocalist ; ami bis mother, Elizabeth Fielil, 
played Icadini; female characters with Ganiek 
(<)r several years. He first ap|)eared in London 
at the age ol 7 ; ami Shcriilan enirajied him lor 
Drury Lane. At 22 he replaced B'Oth in p'ay- 
ins; Iai;o to Kean's Otbell). He lirst plnvid in 
America at t!ie Park Tlii-atrc, N.Y., Sept. 7, 
1 HI 8, as Macbeth ; alter two years of remarka- 



ble success, he ivturncd in 1820 to London; 
after two more visits to the 11. S , he became 
staf;e-inanaj;crand leadinj; actor at Drnry Laiio 
under Klliston ; in 18'iU he o|icne>l the National 
Theativ, X.V, burned down in 18.')!l; and ilur- 
ing the next ten years he jilaycd si^r eugage- 
meuts here and in Great Britain ; in 1851 he es- 
tablished Wallack's Theatre on Broadway, New 
York, where be long enjoyed uiiiii'crrupted suc- 
cess, the estnblislitnent being disiing. by a imi- 
forin artistic excellence in its stock coiupaiiy, 
anil a careful regard to the proprieties ol siene- 
ry and costume. In 18t>l he biii.t a new thea- 
tre near Union Sqnire; retired Irom the stage 
in 1862. He xvas bc-t iii ilramas of a romantic 
ami pictnrcsiiue onlcr; and he was uncivalled 
as Uo'.la in " Pizairo " His " Life " was pub. 
N.Y. 8vo, 186.-.. bv T. H. .Moivll. llis sons, 
John Lester (b. N. Y. 1819), and James W., 
jun , inherit the family talent. 

Walley, .Iohn, iient.gen., judge of tlio 
Sup. Com I of Ms , b. prob. in Lond., 1644; d. 
Boston, Jan. II, 1712. Son of Uev. Thomas. 
Com the first ex])ed. against the French and 
Indians in (,'auada. Feb. 12, 1689; and under 
(iov. I'hi|)ps in 1690, when he com. ;. rcgt., 
doing good service in repulsing a body of 300 
I rench troops on the banks of the St Charles. 
He was one of the jnimipal foinulcrs of the 
town and church of Bri-tol ; a member of the 
council, 1687; capt of the A. ami Hon Art. 
Co. His journal o' the exped. to Canada is giv- 
en in lliitehinson's " Hist, of Massachusetts." 

Wain, HoHKitT, |ioct, h. Pliila. 1794; d. 
Providence, July 4. 1823. He was liberally 
educated. I'nb in 1819 " The Hermit in Amer- 
ica on a Visit to Phila. ; ' in 1820 "American 
Bards, a Satire;" and " Si.syphi Opus, or 
Touches at the Times; "and in 1821 "The Ilcr- 
mit in Phila." On his return from a voyage to 
China as su|)ereargo, be pub. a history of that 
country in (juarto numbers. Ilealsocdited San- 
derson's " Lives of the Signers " after the third 
vol., ami pub. in 1824 a "Lilt: ot Lafayette;" 
Account ol the Insane Asylum near Frankford, 
Pa. He also eontrib. to the periodicals of ihc 
dav. His father RonERT, a prominent mer- 
chant of Phila., and M.C. 1798-1801, d. Jan. 
24, 1836, a. 71. Author of an " An.swer to the 
Boston Anti-Protective Report of Henry Lee," 
and of ".Seven Ix^tters to Elias Hicks.'' 

Walsh, Michael, instructor, b. Ireland, 
1763; d. Ainesbnry, 20 Aug., 1840. He came 
to America in early life ; was an usher in the 
Marblehcail Acad. ; received the hon. degree 
of A.M. Irom II. U. in 1803. He pnb "Mer- 
cantile Arithmetic," 1801 ; "New System of 
Bookkeqiing," 1826. Judge Joseph Story was 
one of Ins pupils. . 

Walsh, Michael, a Dcmoc. politician of 
N.Y., b. Youghal, Ireland, 1810; d. NY. City, 
March 16, 18.'i9. A lithographer by trade. 
Member of the Assembly in 1839; in "l840 ho 
pub and ciliteil a paper called the hnkhrlxK-hi; 
which after a few years came to an end by bis 
conviction and imprisonment for lilwl ; next 
edited a pni>cr called the .>'m/i/ivtii<i«ih. a .scurri- 
lous print, which lived two or thrit years. M.(;. 
18.53-5 ; and afterward visited Eng. and Mexico 
as an airciit ol the govt. He possessed great nat- 
ural ta ten is. Author of speeches, poems, and 
other writings, N Y., 8vo, 1843. 



■W^AL 



952 



Walsh, Robert, LL.l). (FT.U. 1819), au- 
thor, b. Ualriniore, 1784; (l. Palis, Feb. 7, 
1839. His l.ithcr, an Irishmiin, was a mer- 
chant of Baltimore. He was educated at the 
R.C. Coll. at Baltimore, and the Jesuit Coll. 
at Georjretown. Ketuminj^ from a visit to 
Europe in 1808, he studied law under R. G. 
Harper; m. and began practice, but, owing in 
part to deafness, abandoned law for literature. 
In 1811 he commenced the pub. of the first 
quarterly in America, ihe Amciican lievietc of 
Jlisloiy and Politics, continued 2 years ; in 1 813 
he pul). his " Correspondence with K. G. Ilar- 
pcr res|jccting Russia," and " Essay on the 
Future State of Europe." He also furnished 
several bioj;. prefaces to an edition of the Eng- 
lish poets, then liLin,^' pub. in Fhila. In 1817- 
18 he editid the Ameriiun /!< f/ister : pub. a 
bioj^raphy of Franklin in Delaplaine's " Reposi- 
tory," 1 81 8; "An Appeal from thcjudfrmcnts 
of Great Britain resix.etiny: the U.S.," 1819, — 
an able vindication of America from the asp«r- 
fions and slanders of the Edhibmiili and Q/tar- 
Icrlfi Utrieus. In 1820 he established the A'n- 
lionat Geutlle, with which he was connected 
till 1836. He also edited the Ameiimn Mntj. 
of Foreign Litcrutiin; but resuscitated his 
American Hetufw in March, 1827, continuing 
it with great ability 10 years ; in 18.16 he pub. 
2 vols, of " Didactics.' About this time he 
went to Europe, where he spent the residue 
of his life; and was in 1845-51 U.S. consul at 
Palis, corresp. v.ith the iVo^ Inlelliijencer and 
the joiirmd nf Coiiiiiifrre. For the " Eiir.ijclo- 
jxrdia AiiiTininn," c(\iK<\ by Dr. F. Lieber, he 
fiiniishi'd the :ntieles on Amer. Biog. Member 
tf tlic Pliilos. .'society, and of the Roy. Span- 
ish Aiad. of Histor)'. 

Y7alter, LvNDii Mixshall, founder and 
first editor of the Boston Tmnscriiil 18."0-12, 
b. 6 June, 1799 ; d. 24July, 1842. H.U. 1817. 
Grandson of Rev. Willum, rector of Trin. 
Church, Boston; I7G4-7G, b. 7 Oct. 1737; d. 
(rector of Christ Ch., Boston) 5 Dec. 1800. 
H.U. 17.')6. Great-grandson of Rev. Nathaniel. 

Walter, Xehemi.vh, minister of Roxburv, 
Ms., from 17 Oct. 1688 to his d. Sept. 17, 17.")b, 
b. Ireland, Dec. 1G63. H.U. 1684. His father 
brought liiin to America as early as 1 679. After 
living a while in Xova Scotia, he became the col- 
league of the Apostle Eliot. He pub. an essay 
on Indwelling Sin, 1707, and several sermons. 
A vol. of sermons on Isaiah, with Memoir of 
Waltir's Life, was pub. 8vo. 1755. — S/tratitie. 

Walter, Thomas, minister of Roxburv, 
b. I)«-. 7, 1096; d. Jan. 10, 1725. H.t. 
1 7 l.'i. ( Irdained colleague with his father. Rev. 
Kehemiah, Oct. 29, 1718, and wiis a disting. 
scholar, a jiopular preacher, and a keen dispu- 
t.mt. E.xeelHug in the knowledge of music, he 
pub. " Grounds and Rules of JIusic Explained," 
an elemcntaiy work on vocal music, 1721, 
long in use in N.E. ; essay on " Infallibility," 
1724 : and some sermons. 

Walter, Thomas, botanist, b. Eng.; d. 
ab. ISOO. He was liberally educated. Settled 
as a planter near Charleston, S.C., and in 1788 
pub. " yi'ira Cttroliniiwa" 

Walter, Thomas Ustick, LL.D. (H.U. 
1857), archircct, b. Phila. 4 Sept. 1804. Ph. 
D. of U. of Lewisb. 1853. He had a good 



education : studied ardiitectiire and mathemat- 
ic-^; dc.-i^'ncd in 1831 the I'hila. County Prison ; 
Girard College, perhai>s the tiiiest siiccimcn of 
classic architecture on the continent, in 183.'!; 
the U. S. Capitol Extension, which occupied 
him 14 years (1851-65); the new Treasury 
Building; and the Govt. Hospital for the In- 
sane, ilany years prof of architecture in the 
Franklin Inst. Pliila. Member of the Anicr. 
Philos. Soc, and of many other iitcrary and 
scientific Iwdies, and one of the founders of the 
Amer. Institute of ArchitLC.s. — Tliomas. 

Walter, William Bickeii, poet, b. I'os- 
ton, Apr. 19, 1796; d. Charleston, S.C., Apr. 
2!, 1822. Bowd. Coil. 1818. Grandson of 
Rev. Wm , and studied divinity at Cambridge, 
but did not preach. He pub. in 1821 a vol. of 
poems ; also a rambling narrative and descrip- 
tive fioem entitled " Sukey," the idea of which 
was evidently derived from the then recently- 
published " Fanny." — U<iij<-l:iml:. 

Walton, George, signer of the Decl. of 
Indep., b. Frederick Co., Va., 1 740 ; d. Augus- 
ta, Ga., Feb. 2, 1804. Son of William, and 
was early apprenticed to a carj.enter, whose 
economy would not allow him a candle to read 
at night. In his zeal tor knowledge, he found 
a substitute in pine-knots. Adin to the Ga. 
bar in 1774 ; was one of the four persons who 
called a public meeting at Savannah to concert 
measures for the defence of the country, July 
27, 1774 ; was one of the com. who prcpan d 
a petition to the king, and drew nj) the ])atri- 
otic resolutions adopted on that occasion; was 
aetivc'in jiromoting the Revol. at home; and 
from Feb. 177G to Oct. 1781 was a delegate to 
Congress. A col. of militia, he assisted in the 
defence of Savannah in Dec. 1778; was danger- 
ously wounded in the thigh, and was a prisoner 
till Sept. 1779. He was chosen gov. the next 
month, and again in 1789; ajip. chitf justice 
of the State in 1783; in 1787 was a delegate to 
the conv. for framing the Federal Constitution, 
but declined taking liis scat ; in 1793 was again 
a jiid:;e i.f the Supreme Court ; and was in 
179.1-6 U. S. senator. 

Walworth, Reuben- Hyde, LL.D. (X.J. 
Coll. 1835), jurist, b. Bozrah, Ct., Oct. 2C, 
1789; d. Saratoga, Xov. 21, 1867. He i)as.sed 
his earlier years on a farm in Hoosick, X.Y., 
to which his father removed in 1793, acquiring 
a scanty education by industrious application ; 
and at the age of 16 taught school. At the 
age of 17 he began the study of law at Troy, 
X.Y., where in 1809 hew.-xsadm. to the bar, 
and settled at Plattsburg, attaining a high 
reputation. He was master in chancery ; \vu 
adj.-gcn. of N.Y. militia during llie war of 
1812, p.articipating in the operations at Platts- 
bnrg in Sept. 1814; M.C. in 1821-3; npp a 
circuit judge in 1823; and in A])ril. 1828-48, 
was chancellor of the State. Chancellor Wal- 
worth's adjudications in his own court are col- 
lected in the 14 vols, of Paige and Barl«)ur, 
while the opinions which he pronounced in the 
Court of Errors are to be found in the 38 vols, 
of Wendell, Hill, and Dcnio. Justice Storj- 
pronounced him " the greatest equity jurist 
living." He was an early friend of the tem- 
perance cause ; a Wce-prcs. of the Bible Society 
and of the Tract Society ; and a man of raucb 



953 



-V^AH 



boncvo'.encc. Author of " Rules and Orders 
X. Y. Ct. of Chaucen'," 8vo, 1829 ; " Hyde 
Genc:iIou'.v." 2 vols. 8vo, 1S64. 

Wangenheim, Frederic Adam Jcle3 
DE. l«jtaiii.~t, h. ill the dueliv of Snxe-Gotha, 
1747; il.Giiin'iinnen, Ea>tein Prussia, Mar. 25, 
1S0> Duiiiig the American war he served in 
the British army as capt. of Hessian cha.'^scurs 
1 77S-S3, and on his return he was sent to Guin- 
binnen to organize the dept. of rivers and 
forests ill Eastern Prussia. While in N. Amer. 
he liad studied the botany of its forests ; and he 
surceedod in transplanting into Germany the 
ditt'ereiit kinds of trees and shrubs produced in 
this part of the now world, lie pub. " Descrip- 
tion tie t/iie/f]it':s Esj>cC'is d 'Arbres qui cfoissent dans 
I'Amgrique ^''7rf.,"&c.,Gottingcn,1781,in 8vo; 
" Supplement a la Science Foresliere en Allemagne 
apfiliqiii' a la Transplantation des £spices 
d'Arbns ijiie produil I'Ain^rique Sept.," Giittin- 
L'cn. 1787, in folio; "Description de Difftrenles 
Esjices de Dois qui croissent dans l'Am€ri'pie 
Spt.," 1788; and some pieces in the Memoirs 
of the N'atuial-Ilistory Society of Berlin. 

Wansey, Hesev. author of " A Tour in 
th4 U.S. in 1794," and other works; d. War- 
minster, En;;., July 19, 1827, a. 75. He was 
a Wiltshire clothier. 

Wanton, Joseph, gov. of R.I. 1769-75, 
h. Newport, li.I. ; d. there .July 19, 1780, a. 75. 
Son of William, gov. R.I. 1732-4, who d. 
Newport, May 9, 1737, a. 57. He acquired 
wealth as a merchant. Having in 1773 ac- 
cepted an app. to iniiuire into the aft'air of 
the " Gaspc," he was looked upon by the 
people with distrust, and regarded asa loyalist. 
John, gov. R I. 1734-41, was several years 
previously assist, and lieut.-gov., d. July 11, 
1741, a. 68. GiDEOX, gov. K.I. 1745-47, pre- 
viously treasurer, d. Newport, Sept. 12, 1767, 
a. 74. 

Warburton, Maj. Geohge, some time a 
resident of Canada, subsequently M.P. for 
llarwith; d. by his own hand, 1^37. Bro. of 
Eliot the author. Maj. W. has pub. " Hoche- 
la^ra, or England in the New World," 1846 ; 
'■The Ci<nquest of Canada," 2 vols. 8vo, 1849, 
&c. — Al'iljone. 

W^ard, Aaros, lawyer and politician, b. 
Sing Sing, N.Y., 5 July, 1790 ; d. Georgetown, 
]).C., 27 Eeli. 1867. Educated at Mt. Pleasant 
Acad., and adm. to the Westchestcr-Co. bar. 
He served in the war of 1812-15, and was a 
rapt. U.S.A. ; afterward maj. gen. of militia; 
dist.-atlv. of Westchester Co.; M.C. 1825-9, 
1831-7,'and 1841-3. Author of "Around the 
Pyramids," &c., 12mo, 1863. 

W£ird, Andrew Hexshaw, author, b. 
Shrewsburv, Ms., May 26, 1784 ; d. Newton- 
villc, Ms.. Feb. 18, 1864. H.U. 1808. Adm. to 
the Northampton bar in 1811, and practised in 
his native town ; was many years a cusioms- 
offiicr at Boston : memlwrof the Const. Conv. 
of 1853; memt)er of the N.E. Hist. Geneal. 
Society, contributing to its quarterly lUijisliT. 
Anthor of a " History of Shrewsbury," 1847, 
anil (ienealogies of the Ward and Rice fami- 
lies. 

Ward, Abtemas, first maj.-gen. Revol. 
armv. b. Shrewsbury, Nov. 27, 1727; d. 
there Oct. 27, 1800. H.U. 1748. At the 



age of 25 he was a justice of the peace; ia 
1733 a major in Col. Abr. Williams's regt. | 
and in 1758 was major in the rcgt. coin, by 
William Williams. He accoinp. the e.xped. 
under Gen. Al)eicroinbie, from which he re- 
turned with the rank of lieut.-col. Succeeding 
to the com. of the 3d Regt , he al«o represented 
his native town in the legisl., where he took an 
active part in the controversies that preceded 
the Revolution between the colonial govs, and 
the h. of representatives. Oct. 27, 1774, he 
was app. by the Provincial Congress, in which 
!iO was a delegate, a general officer ; and on the 
19lh of May following, cum.-i:i-i!liief, in which 
capacity he acted, com. the army which began 
the sie-e of Boston, until the arrival of Wash- 
ington in July, when he was assigned to com. 
the right wing of the army stationed in Rox- 
bury. Congress chose him first maj. -gen. June 
17, 1775; but he resigned in April, 1776, from 
ill-health, thougli,attlie request of Washington, 
he continued in service till the close of the 
year. Chiefjusticeof the C.C.P. for Worcester 
Co. in 1776 ; in 1777 he was elected to the ex. 
council, and, by the council, pies, of that board ; 
and in 1779 was app. a dcleg.ite to Congress, 
but was prevented by ill-licalth fiora taking a 
seat in that body. He was 1 6 years a represen- 
tative in the legisl., and in 1785 speaker of the 
house. M.C. in 1791-5. He was a man of 
incorruptible integrity, and of fixed and un- 
yielding principles. His son Artemas, LL.D. 
(II.U. 1842-5), M.C. 181.3-17, chief justice 
C.C.P. 1820-.'i9, and an eminent lawyer, b. 9 
Jan. 1762, d. Boston 7 Oct. 1847; II.U. 1783. 
He practised law in Boston after 1809, and was 
frequently a member of the legisl. and of the 
council. 

Ward, Frederick Townsiiend, admiral- 
gen, in the service of the emperor of China, 
b. Salem, Ms., Nov. 1*31 ; killed Oct. 7, 1862, 
during an eugagernent near Ningpo between 
the rebel Taepings and the European allied 
army. He was educated at the Salem High 
School, and was a lieut. in the French service 
during the Crimean war ; had seen service in 
Mexico, and under the filibuster Walker. He 
trained the Chinese into good soldiers, and at 
their head won many victories. 

Ward, Henrv, sec. of R.I. from 1760 to 
his d. Ucc. 1797 ; was, with his bro. Samuel a 
principal advocate and supporter of the Uevol. 
in that State. He was a member of the Con- 
gress which met in N.Y. 17615 and a member 
of the com. of corresp. during the Uevol. The 
office of sec. was held by the father and two of 
his sons for 70 years. 

Ward, James Harman, commander 
U.S.N., son of Col. James of liirtford, Ct., b. 
there 1806; killid in an attack on JIatthias 
Point, Va., June 27, 1861. Educated at the 
Norwich Milit. Acad., and at Trin. Coll., H.irt- 
ford. March 4, ls23, app. uiid.-liipni. ; lieut. 
Mar. 3, 1831 ; and com. Sept. 9, 1^53. While 
scning on the coa.st of Afni a, he compiled his 
"Manu.il of Naval Tactics," pub. in 185S. In 
1842-3 he dilivcnd in Phila. a |)opul.ir courst 
of li^cturcs on Gunnery, lie urged the estab- 
lishment of a naval school ; was apji. a prof, of 
that organizid, and lectured on " Naval Oril- 
nance and Gimuery," snbacqncntly pub. He 



934 



"VV^-AJi 



next pub. "Sieam for the Million." He w.;s 
• app. to coinui.iiul the I'utomac tloii>l:i. May 16, 
1S61. .luno 1 he aitaikitl and j-ilcacil tlio liat- 
U'ries at Aiiuia Civofc ; June 26 hi- attaokoj a 
battorv at Matthias Point, but was struck b_v a 
Miuif-lxiil, and siliuost iustimth- killod. 

Ward, James Warnkr, b. Nvw,Hrk. X.J., 
1S18. I'lib. in lS;i8" Yoiick and Ut.'ier rooms." 
He recoired a Franklin Mitlal at the Boston 
High Schix)t. Moveil to the West, wherv he 
became a contrih. to periodicals, and in 1S55 
was assoi-iated with J. A. \Var\icrin the West- 
em lloilif. Ilei: Author of " Metnoir of Mrs. 
U. L. Ward," l2ino. lS+3; of some tine (lieees 
of sacred music, and of many i>opular minor 
poems. One of the best pai-odies on " Hiawa- 
tha'" was li-om bis |)en. His " Mosquito Song " 
was hiiihly commended. In 1S59 Mr. Ward 
settled in X. Y. Citv. 

Word, J. Q. A., sculptor, b. Urbaua, O., 
ab. 1 S-'>2. Tassixl his early life on a farm ; was 
a pupil of U. K. Brown in 1 ^ot}-6 ; spent two 
yoare in Washington, inodeilinu; busts ; and, 
after visiting Ga. and Ohio, took a studio in 
N. York in is61, and in 1S63 became an acade- 
mician. Besides a larg« niuuluT of busts, he 
has cx,vuti\i uu'dallions, studios for bass-reliets, 
statues, aiul groups. Among his works are the 
"Freedman," ••ludi.in Hunter," a mouuiuont 
to commomorato the disoovery of sulphuric 
ether as an anesthetic, a bronze statue ot Com. 
M. C. IVrry, and a statue of Shakspearc for 
the X. Y. Central Park. — Tudrrman. 

Ward, NATH.VMEL, clergyman and author, 
K Haverhill, Snllolk. Eug., a\>. 157S; d. Shea- 
field, E.sscx, Eng., ab. f652. Cambridge U. 
1603. His father .lohn, the "p:iiuful minis- 
ter " of Haverhill, had three sons, Samuel, Sa- 
thaniil, an.i John, in the churvh, of whom, ac- 
cording to Dr. Fuller in his " Worthies," peo- 
ple used to say that all of them jnit t*)gether 
would not make up his abilities. Nathaniel was 
bred a lawvcr ; travolUxl on the Continent with 
some nun-liants in Prussia and Denmark ; do 
TOtod hiuisoU to diriuity; and on his return lie- 
came rvvtor of Stondon Marvy, Essex. He was 
cuuuivtod with the JIs. Company in 1630; was 
brought belore Bishop Laiul for noncoufomiity 
in 1631 ; w.is silouecd in 16,33 ; and arrived in 
X.E. in 1634. He imuiidiatoly Itccame pastor 
of the church at Agawain, or Ipswich, Uov. 
Thomas Parker being teacher. Tiu- latter hav- 
ing reiuoviHl to Xew bury, John Xorton l>ecauie 
in" 16;16 the colleague of Ward, who resigned 
in Fell. 1637 from impaired ho.ilth. He was 
the author of the " Bixiy of Liberties," adopteil 
inDiV. 1641, — the tirstcodeof lawsestaMishcd 
in Is. Eng. He preacher! the Ms. Election Sei^ 
iQon, June 2, 1641. In 1645 he was chosen by 
the General Court a member of a committee 
for the county of Esses to draw up laws to 
be submitti'd to the next legislature. Want 
retnnuHl to England at the tio>e of 1646 His 
" Simple Colder of Aggawain," a quaint politi- 
co-religious tract, satirizing the atfturs and man- 
ners of the Colony and the fashionable ladii-s 
of the day, but levclleii nuiinly at the oondiiiou 
of Eu;;la'nd, was pub. at London, J an. 30, 1647. 
In 1648 he became the minister at Shentidd. 
wherv he died. He was a celi-bratvd wit, and 
was something of a poet, having written in 164S 



a humorous satirical addr<<3s to the London 
tradesmen turned pivachcrs, entitled " Mcivu- 
riiis Anti-Mivhanicus, or the Simple Coblcr's 
Boy," ie. His " Simple Colder " was re- 
printed at Boston in 1713 and 1S43, and at 
Washington in 1S44. Besides several tracts 
attributed to him, he pub. "A Sermon before 
the House of Commons, June 30, 1647 ; " '• A 
Religious Retreat sounded to a Religions Ar- 
my," 1647; "The llum!)le Petitions, S^riona 
Stiggesiions, and Dutitui Exj^osiulaii ms, of 
some Freeholders of the E.isteruc Association, to 
the High and Hon. Parli;im,nt of Eng.," 164S; 
and " Discolliuiinum," a ri'p'y to "Boimds a.id 
Bonds," 16o0. His son Joiix (b Haverhill, 
Eng., 3 Xov 1606, d. Ha\-er:ii!l, Ms., 27 Di-c. 
1693, Camb. V. 1630) w.is mini.-t r of Uaverlii.l, 
Ms., from 1045 to his death, 27 Doc 1693, — 
Nv .l/<mo/r I'll .fo/rn XTard /Ati/i, 8vo, 1S6S. 

Ward, Samcel, statesman, b. Xewport, 
R.L, May 27, 1725; d. Phi.a -March 26. 1776. 
His auc.stors, one of whom was an oSicer in 
Cromwell's army, were among the lirst sottlere 
of R.I. Richard his tiither, gov. of R.I. in 
1741 and '42, was sjc. in l7i4-33. S.iinnel 
was brought up a farmer, and r.ian of business 
for his father, acquia~d a competency, and set- 
tled in Wester.y. Member of the Gen. .Vsscm- 
bly 1756-9, ciiief justice 1761, and gov, in 1762 
and 1765-7, He was one of the originators of 
R.I, Coll., now fcno>vn .is Brown U. He was 
an active patriot ; chainnan of the Westerly 
com. of corresp. With Stephen Hopkins, he was 
app. a delegate to the Fir>t Congress in Phi.a. 
in Sept. 1774 ; and was also a me-.nKT of that 
body in 1 773, in which he usually preside d w hen 
in com. of the whole, and was a meiiiber of im- 
portant committees, — 5(e L-re, fy (iiiwhr.'/, in 
.J^/KirXs's .Imcr. £><»;., vol. 19. His s<.>n Col. 
Samcel, a brave Revol. oOicer, b. 17 Xov. 
1756, d. X.Y. City, 16 Aug. 1S32. Broivn U. 
1771. He iKU-tieip.ited in Arnold's exped. to 
Quebec, in the detcnce of Ri'd Bank, and in 
the engagements in R.I., and at Springiield, 
X..I. Atlenvani a merchant in X^w York. 

Ward, Thomas, M.D. (Rutg. Coll.), poet, 
b. Xewark, X. J., June S, 1S07. Son of Gen. 
Thomas Ward. He pub. in I $42 "' Passaic," 
a group of poems toucning that river. A eon- 
tril'. to the KiilrWrbochmmA .V. J". Aiikrintn. 
Warden, David Bailie, M.D (X.Y. 
Meti. Coll.), b. Ireland. 177S ; d. while Ameri- 
can consul at Paris, Oct. 9. 1S43. He was clas- 
sically edneatcvl, and was (listing, tor his scien- 
titic attainments and varieil learning. He was 
api>, sec. of legation to ticn. Armstrong, min- 
ister to France, and was subsequently app. con- 
sul at Paris, in which station he continued 40 
years ; and » member of the French Acad He 
pub. an " Account of the U.S.," 3 vols. Svo, 
1^19: the same in Fn-nch, at Pturis: "On 
Consular Establishments," 1813; '• Bib/iotJieca 
.IwriViDw," 1831; " Bi^. AntTico Sffiten'.," 
Paris, 1820; "Description of the Dist. of Co- 
lumbia." 8^■o. 1816 ; " Hi-t. of the Silk Bill," 
Svo, Phila. 1837; "Inquiry coneeming the In- 
tellectual and Moral Faculties and Literaturo 
of the Xegroes." 1810; Hrf^errhes sur Its An- 
ti(j't'ii(Siit l'.\menq»f Sr^ttrnlrionirlf . 

Warder, John a., M.D., prof, of chem. in 
Ohio Med. Coll., b. Fhila. 1813; removed to 



\V.A_R 



955 



■Wj^J* 



Ohio 1830. Author of "Heii'ic Manual," 
185S; '•American Pomolot.'y," 1867. Edit. 
Botau. Maij, iiiul Jlortif, AVr. Contributor to 
Bui'ntilio iKriodieals. — Aililione. 

Ware, Asm n, LL.D. (Bowd. Coll. 1837), 
jud^'c, li. .Sh.rhtirne, Ms., tVl). 10, 1782. U.U. 
1804 ; w;is tutor there 1807-11 ; i>rot'. of tircok 
1811-15. Altorney iit law in Boston in 1816, 
and editor of the IJoslon yunkii: lie removed 
to Portland in 1 817, and froiu 1822 to 1866 was 
judge ol till- U.S. Dist. Court of Me. He was 
first see. of state fur Me. in 1820. In laj'J he 
pub. " K -ports of Cajfes U.S. Distriet Court of 
Me. 1822-.')ll." Ue d. livered an oration, July 
4, 1816, belore the Wa^hin;;ton Soeieiy ; an- 
other. .Inly 4, IS 17, ill Portland. He eimirib. 
to Bouvii'r's '• L.iw Dieliouary " artieles on 
Adniinilty .lurLsdieiioii, on llie Duty of Mas- 
ters of \'essrls, and I'rivilegeJ Debts. 

Ware, Catiiauine Aioista, poet, b. 
Quiney, Ms., 1797; d. Paris 1843. ban. of 
Dr. Uiii>des, and in 1819 m. Charles A. Ware 
of the navy. Author of a vol. entitled " Power 
of the Pas>ioiis, and Other Poems," London, 
1842. She wrote occasional poems for the pa- 
pers ; edited tho Uoicer of Tiiste in Boston ; 
and went to Europe in 1839. She was a rela- 
tive of Robert Treat Paiue, and at 15 wrote 
some ver.ses on liis death. — Oui/cLiiwk. 

Ware, Hkn-hv, d.d. (II.U. 18(I6), liollls 

profe,»sor of divinity in H. U. (1805-45), b. 
blierbiirhe, .Ms., Apr. 1, 1764; d. Cainbridjie, 
July 12, 1S45. H.U. 1785. His father licinj; 
a fanner of small means, his opportunities for 
edueatiou were limited. As his health was 
feeble, his twoeldest brothers (his father having 
died when he was 15 years old) assisted him 
to procure a collegiate education. Oei. 24, 
1 787, he was ord over the First Church in Hing- 
liam, where lie continued till chosen prof, in 
1805. The situation was one of great respon- 
sibility, on account of the controver^ies re- 
specting it, which resulted in the separation of 
the Cong. Church of S.E. into the two seots 
called Unitarian and Orthodox. Among the 
writers on one side were l)rs. Morse, Worcester, 
and Woiuls. and on the other Dr. W'm. E. 
Clianuiiig, Prof. Andrews Norton, and Prof. 
Ware himself, who about 1820 pub. his "Let- 
ters addressed to Triniuirians and Calvinists," 
in answer to the Letters of the Uev. Dr. Woods. 
The bitter replied ; and thediseussion was con- 
tinued by Dr. Ware in two other publications. 
In 1842 he pub. also one course of his aca- 
demical lectures on the Evidences, Doctrines, 
and Ethics of Christianity, 2 vols. He was a 
man of pure tastes and simple manners, with 
a rclined and highlv-cultivated intellect, and a 
generous and aHectionate heart. 

Ware, llKsnv, Jun., D.D,, clergyman, 
son of tin- preceding, b. Hinghnm, Ms., Apr. 
21, 1794 ; d. Eramingham, Ms., Sept. 22, 1843. 
H.U. 1812. lie spent two years as assist, in- 
structor at Phillips (Exeter) Acad.; and was 
ord. pastor of the Second Unitarian Chuivh in 
Boston, Jan. I, 1817. He bei'ame the editor 
of the V/iiisti<in DixcijUe, an organ of the Uni- 
tarian denomination, which afterward became 
the Christitin Kxaminrr ; and took an active 
part in all the public associations of his de- 
uouiinalion. In 1829-42 hu was prof, of pul- 



pit eloquence, and the pastoral oaie at H.U. ; 
and in the summer of 1830 be visited ditt'erent 
parts of Europe. In 1824 he delivered a poem, 
entitled " A Vision of Liberty," before the 
Phi Beta Kappa of Cambridge. Author of 
" Poem on the Celeb, ol Peace, 1815 ; " Hints 
on Extoiiip. Preaching," 1824 ; " Keeollcctions 
of Jotham Anderson ; " on the " Formation of 
Christian Character," 1831 ; " Feast of the 
Tabernacle," a poem, 1837; " Lite of the Sa- 
viour," 1832; "Memoir of Kev. Dr. Parker," 
1S34 ; a " Selection from the Writings of Dr. 
Priestlev," 1835. A selection of his writings 
was pui.. l.v Kev. Chandler liobblns, 4 vols. 
1840; a -Memoir by his bro. Jolin Ware, M.D., 
apjieared in 1846, 2 vols. His wile, Mabv L. 
Wakk, a woman of great elevation of mind 
and active benevolence, d. April, 1849. 

Ware, John, M.D. (H.U. 1816), bro. of 
the precetling, physician and author, b. Uing- 
ham, Ms., Dec. 19, 1795; d. Boston, Apr. 29, 
1864. H.U. 1813. Ue began to practise in 
Du.xbury, Ms., and in 1817 removed to Boston. 
From 1832 to 1858 he was prof of the theory 
and practice of medicine in the medical dept. 
of H.U. ; several years pros, of the Ms. Med. 
Soc, and also a member of the Am. Acad, of 
Alts and Sciences. He pub. medical lectures 
and discourses; essays on " Croup," on " De- 
lirium Tremens," and on " Hemoptysis ; " a 
vol. on the " Philosophy of Natural History ; " 
a " Memoir of H. Ware, Jan.," 1846 ; " Hints 
to Young .Men," 18.50; " Success in the Medi- 
cal I'rolessioii," &c., 1851. His wile, Mary 
Grkene, dan. of Mr. Chandler, b. Petersham, 
1818, is author of " Elements of Character," 
1854; "Thoughts in My Garden," 1862; 
" Death and Life," 1864. 

Ware, William, clergyman and author, 
b. Hinghain, Ms., Aug. 3, 1797 ; d. Cambridge, 
Ms., Feb. 19, 1852. H.U. 1816; Camb. Theol. 
School, 1819. Son of Kev. Henry. He com- 
menced preaching at Nortliborough ; was set- 
tled successively in Brooklyn, Ct., and Bur- 
lington, Vt. ; and from Dec. 18, 1821, to Oct. 19, 
1836. was ininisterof the First Cong. Church 
in N.Y. ; from June, 1837, to Apr. 1838, he 
was settled over the 2d Cong. Church in Wal- 
tham, Ms.; and in Dec. 1843 was settled at 
West Cambridge, but ill-health soon obliged 
him to give up preaching. He contrib. to the 
Knickerbocker Mwj. " Letters from Palmyra," 
pub. in 2 vols, in 1837, better known under 
the present title of "Zenobia." A sequel to 
this work, now known as " Aureliiin," appeared 
in 1838 with the title of " Probus." Remov- 
ing to Cambridge in 1839, he for several years 
edited the Clirisliau Examiner, "Julian" was 
pub. in 2 vols, in 1841 ; "American Unitarian 
Biography," 2 vols. 8vo, 1850; Memoir of 
Nath. Bacon, in Sparks's " Amer. Biog.,"vol. 
13. In 1848 he travelled one year in Europe; 
pub. after his return " Sketches of Kiiropean 
Capitals," 1851 ; " Lectures on the Wi,rks and 
Genius of Washington Allston," I2mo, 1852; 
and was a frequent contributor to the Chris- 
lian Exiiininer and other Unitarian periodi- 
cals. 

Warfleld, CATnARixE As.ve, poet, b. 

Washington, .Mpi., 1817. Her father. Major 
Naib. A. Ware, was sec. of Mpi. Terr., and a 



^VAK 



956 



"WAR 



political economist ; author of " Views of the 
i'cderal Coiistituiion." Her maturiiul grand- 
father was Capt. Charles Percy of the British 
navv. Educated with her sister in Phila. She 
was" in. ill 1S.33 to Elisha Warfield of Lexing- 
ton, Ky., whence in IS57 they removed to a 
farm near Louisville, Ky. In 1843 was pub. 
" The Wife of Leon, and Other Poems, by Two 
Si^ters of the West;" and in 1S46 the sisters 
pub. a new collection, entitled " The Indian 
Chaml)cr, and Other Poems."' Her " Household 
of Bouverie," a novel, appeared in 1862; "Ro- 
mance of the Great Seal," 1867. 

Warham, John, Hist minister of Wind- 
sor. Ct., from Sept. 1636 till his death, Apr. 1, 
1670. He wa5 an eminent minister at Exeter, 
Eng., when the church which was gathered at 
Plymouth, and about to emigrate to America, 
of which ilr. John Maverick was pastor, se- 
cured him as teacher. They arrived May 30, 
1630, and in June be^an a settlement at Dor- 
chester. In 163.5 this church removed to Wind- 
sor, where Mr. W. joined them the next year, 
Mr. Maverick having died. 

Warner, Slsas, novelist, b. X.Y. 1818, 
dan. of IJeiiry W. Warner of the N. York bar, 
who resides on Constitution Island, near West 
Point. Pub. in 1849 " The Wide, Wide World," 
a story of domestic life; " Qiieechy," 1852; 
" The Law and the Testimony," 1853, a theol. 
work of research and merit ; a prize essay on 
the Duties of American Women; "The Hills 
of Shatemuck," 18.i6. containing sketches of 
scenerv near her residence ; a vol. of *' Lvrics 
from the Wide, Wide World ;" " The Golden 
Ladder," 1862; "The Old Helmet," 1S6.3. 
She has written under the iiom tie plume " Eliza- 
beth Wetherell." Her sister Axxa B. Wae- 
SEE is the author of " Dollars and Cents," a 
novel, 1853 ; " My Brother's Keeper," 2 vols. 
1855 ; and of a series of juvenile tales. " Say 
and Seal," the joint production of the sisters, 
app. in 2 vols, in 1860. 

Warner, Col. Seth, Revol. officer, b. 
Roxbury, Ct., May 17, 1743 ; d. there Dec. 26, 
1784. He was early disting. by his energy, 
sound judgment, and manly and noble bear- 
ing. In 1765, with his father Dr. Benj. War- 
ner, he removed to Bennington, in the New- 
Hampshire giants. During the dispute be- 
tween X.Y. and the inhabitants of the "grants," 
over whom it claimed jurisdiction, Ethan Al- 
len and Seth Warner were the leaders and 
champions of the people. They were outlawed 
by the State ofN.Y.; and a reward was otfered 
for the arrest of either. As second in com. he 
participated in the capture of Tieonderoga, and 
on the following day he took the important 
post of Crown Point, with its garrison and 113 
cannon. Chosen col. July 27, 1775 ; in Sept. 
he was at the siege of St. John's under Mont- 
gomery, and defeated Gen. Carleton in the at- 
tempt for its relief. During the retreat of the 
Americans to Tieonderoga in -May, 1776, War- 
ner rendered valuable service. When Tieon- 
deroga was evacuated on the night of July 4, 
1777, the main body of the army took the road 
through Hulibardton and Castleion. At the 
former place the rear-guard was put under the 
com. of Warner, who was attacked by Eraser, 
July 7, and, after a severely-contested tight. 



was compelled to retreat. At the battle of 
Bennington, Warner's regiment arrived at the 
scene of action in season to repel and defeat 
the re-enlorcement of the enemy under Bray- 
man, and to share in the glory of that exploit. 
He remained iu the service until 1782, when 
his constitution, though naturally strong and 
vigorous, gave way under the fatigue aiul hard- 
ships of the service, and he returned with his 
family to Roxbury. Seth Warner was over 
six feet in height, erect and well-proportioned. 
A Memoir bv Daniel Chipman was pub. at 
MiddlebuiT, l'848. 

Warren, Golverseur Kemble, brevet 
maj.-gen. U.S.A., b. Cold Spiing, X.Y., 1830. 
•West Point, 1850. Entering the lopog. engrs., 
he was made 1st lieut. 1 July, 1856; capt. 9 
Sept. 1861; capt. engr. corps 3 Mar. 1863; 
maj. 25 June, 1864 ; lieut.-coL oth X.Y. Vols. 
14 May, 1861 ; col. 31 Aug. 1861 ; brig. -get). 
26 Sep't. 1862; maj.-gen. 3 May, 1863. He 
was engaged in surveys of the western Terrs, 
until 1859; was assist, prof of math. 18.59-61, 
at West Point; com. a brigade in Peninsular 
campaign, and brev. lieut. -col. 27 June, 1862, 
for Gaines's Mill, where he was wounded ; en- 
gaged in battles of Manassas, Antietam, and 
Fivdericksburg ; chief topog. engr. Army of 
Potomac from 4 Feb. 1863 ; cnga;;ed at Chan- 
celloreville ; brev. col. 4 July, 1863, for Gettys- 
burg, where he was wounded ; in temporary 
com. 2d corps, Aug. 1863 to Mar. 1864; and in 
com. at the combats of Auburn and Bristoe 
Station, 14 Oct. 1863 ; com. 5th corps, Marih, 
1864, to Apr. 1, 1865, in Richmond campaign ; 
and engaf:ed at the Wilderness, Spottsyivania, 
North Anna, Bethesda Church, Cold Harbor, 
siege of Pe:ersburg, Weldon Railroad, and Five 
Forks; brev. brig, and maj. gen. U.S.A. 13 
Mar. 1865 for Bristoe Station, and for gallant 
and merit, services during the Rebellion. Au- 
thor of Explorations in the Dakotah Country 
in 1855 ; of the Country between the Missouri 
and Platte Rivers, 1857 ; in Nebraska and Da- 
kotah, 1856-7; Pacific-Railroad Reports, part 
of vol. i., all of vol. ii. ; "Battle of Five 
Forks," 1866. — Cii//«m. 

Warren, Ges. J.^mes, Revol. patriot of 
Ms., b. Plvmouth, Sept. 28, 1726; d. there 
Nov. 27, 1808. H.U. 1745. Many years a 
merchant. In 1757 the decease of his father 
left him a handsome patrimonial estate, which 
had descended from Richard, one of the first 
settlers of Plymouth in 1620. Succeeding his 
father as high sheriflf, he retained the otiice till 
the commencement of the war. Chosen a 
member of the Gen. Court in May, 1 766, he 
disting. himself in maintaining the rights of 
the Colonies. After the death of Gen. Joseph 
Warren, he was app. prcs. of the Prov. Con- 
gress; and in 1775, while the army was at Cam- 
bridge, was made paym.-gcn., but resigned the 
office on its removal to New York. He was 
atterwards app. maj.-gen. of the militia. After 
the adoption of the constitution ol Ms., he was 
several years speaker of the house of represen- 
tatives, and, refusing the offices of lieut.-gov. 
and judge of the Sup. Court, held a seat at the 
navy l>oard. Husband of Mercy Warren the 
historian. 

Warren, Jous, M.D., a disting. physician, 



"WA.R 



9.->7 



WAR 



b. Roxbnrv. Ms., July 27, 1753; d. Boston, 
Apr. 4. ISio. H.U. 1771. His ancestors set- 
tled in Boston in 1720. After stuilying medi- 
cine two years with his hro. Joseph (afterwards 
Gen. Warren), he settled in Salem, where he 
soon had an extensive practice. On the day 
of the battle of Bunker's Hill, his anxiety on 
account of his bro. led him to attempt to pass a 
sentry, who inflicted a bayonet-wound, the 
scar of which he bore throiiH:h life. He ad- 
ministered to those wounded in that battle, and 
was soon r.fter app. hospital-snrgcon. In 1776 
he accomp. the army to N.Y. and N.J. ; served 
at Trenton and Princeton; and from 1777 to 
the clostf of the war was superintending sur- 
geon of the military hospitals in Boston. He 
was for nearly 40 years the most eminent sur- 
geon in N.E. He gave a course of dissections 
to his colleagues in 1780 ; and in 1783 became 
prof, of anatomy and surgery in the newly-es- 
tablished medical school at Cambridge. Pres. 
of the Ms. Med. Soc. from 1S04 till his death, 
and was also pres. of the Agric. and Humane 
Societies. An instance of the energy of his 
character is found in his preparing a course of 
lectures on anatomy without books, without 
an instructor, and without a model. He deliv- 
ered several public addresses, and in 1783 be- 
gan the series of 4th-of-July orations at Bos- 
ton, ever since continued. In 1777 he m. the 
dau. of Gov. Collins of R.I. He pub. a " Dis- 
sertation on the Mercurial Practice in Febrile 
Diseases ; " an address to the lodges of Free- 
masons, of which he was grand-master ; and 
contrib. many articles to the Journal of Midi- 
cine and Siiryrri/. the " Memoirs " of the Amer. 
Acad., and the " Communications" of the Ms. 
Med. Society. 

Warren, John- Collins, M.D.,an eminent 
surgeon and medical writer, b. Boston, 1 Aug. 
177S; il. there 4 May, 18.56. H.U. 1797. Son 
of the preceding. He studied medicine with 
his father, and in the hospitals of London and 
Paris; began practice at Boston in 1802, and 
soon took the lead in his profession. Assistant 
prof, of anatomy and surgery H.U. 1806-15, 
full prof. 1815-47, and emeritus prof. 1847-56. 
One of the founders of the Ms. Gen. Hospital 
in 1820, and principal surgeon in daily attend- 
ance until his death; also a founder of the 
McLean Asylum for the Insane ; pres. Ms. 
Med. Soc. I3.!2-6 ; pres. of the Boston Soc. of 
Nat. Hist, at the time of his death ; and a mem- 
berof the principal scientific bodies in America 
and Europe. Chiefly instnimental in found- 
ing, and from 1828 assoc. editor of, the Boston 
Atrd. and Hnri/. Journal, lu 1846 he was the 
first to use ether in a surgical operation ; and 
his sanction aided its general introduction. 
He devoted much of his later life to the natural 
sciences. His collection of specimens in com- 
parative anatomy, osteology, and paleontology, 
was large, and included the most perfect mas- 
todon known to exist. By his will he ordered 
that bis liody he given for examination to the 
officers of the Medical College, and that the 
skeleton should be deposited in its museum. An 
ardent friend of temperance, and many years 
pres. of the Ms. Temperance Soc. besides 
contribs. to med. and scient. journals, he pub. 
" Diseases of the Heart," 1809 ; " Comparatire 



View of the Sensorial System," 1120; " Ac- 
count of the Boston Med. School and .Ms. Gen. 
Hospital," 1824; "Dislocation of the Hip- 
Joint," 1826; "Description of the Siamese 
Twins," 1829; "Observations on Tumors," 
1837; " Etherization," 1848; " Descript. of an 
Egyptian Mummy," 1821 ; " Alcohol in the 
Pre|). of Medicine," 1849; "The Preservation 
of Health," 1854; "Fossil Sandstone Kocks 
of Ct. River," 1854; " Genealogy of the War- 
ren Family," 1855 ; " ilaslodm Gii/anleux." 
1 855. — iSee his Life, with Autob. and Journals, In/ 
Edward Warren, 2 vols. 1860. His son Jo.\.\- 
THAN M.ASON, M.D., b. Boston, 1810, li. there 
19 Aug. 1867 ; H.U. 1832. Author of numer- 
ous monographs on special subjects; the latest 
of them, " Surgical Observations, with Cases 
and Operations," 1867, was finely illustrated. 

Warren, Gen. Joseph, physician and 
patriot, b. Uoxburv, Ms., June 11, 1741 ; killed 
at Bunker's Hiil, June 17, 1775. H.U. 1759. 
His father, a respectable farmer, held several 
municipal offices in Uoxbury. He studied 
medicine under Dr. Lloyd ; commenced prac- 
tice in Boston in 1762, and, by his successful 
treatment of the smallpox in' 1764, attained 
high rank among his brethren. His political 
sentiments were somewhat in advance of puli- 
lie opinion ; for he he'd as tyranny all taxation 
which could be imposed by the British parlia- 
ment upon the Colonics. In him the people 
found not only the firmness and decision they 
wished for in a leader, but prudence ami wari- 
ness in all his plans. He met frequently with 
a considerable numherof substantial mechanics, 
and others in the middling-classes of society, 
who were busy in politics, and was eonstamiy 
enlightening the people by his pen. He was 
twice chosen to deliver the oration on the 5th 
of March, in commemoration of the " Massa- 
cre." The second of these was delivered Mar. 
6, 1775, in the "Old South" meeting-house, 
and in defiance of the threats of the British 
officers, that it would be at the price of the life 
of any man to speak on tlrat anniversary. In 
1772 he became a member of the com. of cor- 
resp. ; in the autumn of 1774 he was elected a 
delegate to the Ms. Congress, over which he 
presided after the departure of Hancock; and 
was also chairman ofthe com. of public safety, 
to whom the executive power was intrusted. 
He was thus the virtual head of the new com- 
monwealth. Having discovered the design of 
seizing our stores at Concord, he despatched 
messengers to Hancock and Adams at Lexing- 
ton to warn them of their danger. Hastening 
to the field of action on the next day, he shared 
the dangers of the opening battle of the llcvo- 
lution, a musket-ball taking off a lock of his 
hair close to his ear. June 14, 1775, the Prov. 
Congress of Ms. made him a major-gen. He 
had previously been unceasing in his exertions 
to maintain order and enforce discipline 
amongst the troops which had hastily assem- 
bled after the battle of Lexington. He opposed 
the project of occupying Charlcstown Heights, 
on the ground of want of ammunition sufficient 
to resist the attack of the British troops. When 
the step was determined on, he, however, re- 
solved to share in its dangers. Arriving at the 
intrenchmcnts on Breed's Uill just as the enemy 



958 



■WAS 



were preparing: to advance, Col. Prescott de- 
sirca lo act under his directions ; but Warren 
declined taking any otlier part than that of a 
volunteer. Dnrin<: the retreat he wa.s one of 
the la>t who left tlie redoubt, near which he 
fell as he was slowly retiring. A granite 
shaft, 216 feet in heisht, marks the spot sprin- 
kled by the blood of the first Revol. martyr 
of rank. His eldest son was educated at the 
public exiwnsc. His Life, by A. H. Everett, 
IS in Spnrks's " Amer. Bioj." Another, by 
R. Frothin^ham, was publishcil 8vo, Boston, 

ise:.. 

Warren, Mebcv, authoress, b. Barnsta- 
ble, Sept. 2i (N.S.), 172S ; d. PhTnouth, Oct. 
19. 1S14. A sister of the patriot James Otis, 
anil al). IT54 bei-ame tlie wife of Gen. James 
Warren. She had an active as well as power- 
ful mind, and corresj). with some of the lead- 
iui; statesiuen of the times. She wrote several 
satirical pieces, poetical .ind dramatic ; a forci- 
ble iwctical satire in the form of a drama, 
called the "Group;" the "Adnlator;" two 
trajretlies, of live acts each, called the " Sack of 
Rome" and the "Ladies of Castile." These 
proiUictions. written during the war, and pub. 
in ir7t>, are full of patriotic feeling suid heroic 
sentiment. Her Poems, dramatic and miscel- 
laneous, wciv pub. in 1790. In 1S05 she pub. 
her History of the Revol. War, 3 vols. 8vo. 

Warren, Sir Peter, an £n<rlish admiral, 
b. 1703; d. li-eland, July 29, 1752. Entering 
the navy in 1 727, he rose to the rank of com- 
modore, which he held in 1745, when npp.com. 
of an armament destined to attack Louisbui^, 
then bcloniiinir to the French. He joined the 
fleet of transiwrts with the land-foivcs under 
Gen Pcp|HTnll from Boston, in Casco Bay, 25 
Apr. ; and, being joined by several other ships 
of war from F-n^:., he tiwk possession of Louis- 
butg on the 1 7th of June. He w.as made a 
ivar-iuimiral, and, tailing in with a French 
squadron otl' Cape Finisterre in 1747, com- 
pletely defeated it, capturing the greater part. 
He ni. Susan, eldest dan. of Stephen l)e Lancey 
of X. v., and w:is the owner of a valuable estate 
in the Mohawk Valley, which he placed in 
charge of his nephew Wm. (afterwaixls Sir 
Win.) Johnson. 

Warren, Mr. and Mrs. Willum, ac- 
tors. Mr. W. was b. Bath. Euu'., Mav 10, 
1767: d. Wa.^-hington, D.C., Oct. 19, "l832. 
Made his deli'it at 1 7 as Voung Norval ; nt 
Baltimore in 1 796 : and at the Chestnnt-st., . 
Phila., Nov. .'i. 1796, as Friar Lawrence in 
" Romeo and Juliet : " afterward manager of the 
Chestii»t-st., where he last app. Xov. 2.j. 1829. 
His wife Anne Brcntox, nftcrwanl Mrs. Mer- 
ry and Mrs. Wignell. b. Bristol, Eng., 1770. 
M. Wm. Warren Jan. 1, 1S03 : d. Alexandri.i, 
June 28. 1803; made her tMml in Nov. 1785 
as Knphrasia, in " The CJrccian Daughter," in 
Bristol. M. Robert Merry in 1792 ; made her 
dgli'il Dec. 5, 1796, at the" Chestnut-st., Phila., 
as Juliet, and was one of the best actresses of 
her time. Willi.vm, Jim., son of Wm., and 
one of the host comedians on the American 
stage (b. I'hiliv Nov. 17, 1812), first app. at the 
Areh-st., Phila., Oct. 27, 18;52, tis Voung Xor- 
val ; at the Park, N.Y.. in 1841, as Greg"'".''' 
Grizzle ; at the Strand, Londoi, in 1845 ; and 



Aug. 23. 1847. 85 Billy Lackaday, at the Bos- 
ton Museum, where ho hiis ever since been a 
gn'at favorite. 

Warriner, Rev. FiiAycis, Cong, clergy- 
man and author, b. Springfield, Ms., 1805 ; a. 
Chester, Ms., 22 Apr. 1866. Amh. Coll. I83a 
Teacher of math, and navigjition on the frig- 
ate " Potomac," 1831-4, in the Indian Archi- 
pelago : he pub. on her rctuni " The Cruise 
of the Potomac," 12mo, 1835. He studied 
theolotrv at N. Haven and Xew Vork ; pastor 
at ChestiT, Oct. 1841-S and 1859-65, and of 
Waterlonl. Vt.. 1S48-59. 

Warrington, Lewis, com. U.S.X., b. 
Williauisburi.'. \a.. 3 Nov. 1 782 ; <l. Washing- 
ton, D.C.. 12 Oct. 1851. Wm.and Marv Coll, 
1798. Midshipman 6 Jan. 1800; lieut. 7 Feb. 
1807; master com. 24 July, 1813; capt. 22 
Nov. 1814; a navy commiss. 1827-30 and 
1840-2 ; chief of bureau of onln. and hydrog. 
from Sept. 1842 to his d. He was attached 
to '■ The Chesapeake " at the date of her en- 
connterwith the British frigate " Leopard," 20 
June, 1807. 29 Apr. 1814rin the sloop "Pea- 
cock "(IS guns), he captureil oft' Cape Canav- 
eral, Florida, after an action of 42 minutes, 
the British sloop of w:ur " EiK-nier." Capt. 
Wales, of about equal force. F"or this achieve- 
ment Congress voted him a gold medal. 30 
June, 1815, he e.iprured in the .Strait of Sun- 
da the E. L Co 's cruiser "Nautilus;" hut, 
peace having previously been declared, she was 
restored. He afterwards com. a squadron on 
the W. I. station. 

Washbume, Gen. C.vdw.*ll.vdeb Coi/- 
DES, b. Livermore, Mc. April 22. 1818. Son 
of Israel, and bro. of Israel, jnn.. and E. B. 
Washbume. Originally a land-suncvor. In 
18-39 he went to HI.; settled as a lawyer at 
Mineral Point, Wis. ; and in 1859 removed to 
La Crosse. M.C. in 1856-62; delegate to the 
Peace Congress in ISCl ; raided a regt. of cav- 
alry in 1 86l , of which he l>eeame col. ; July 16, 
1862, became hrig.-geii. ; maj.-gen. Nov. 29, 
1S62. In Dec. 186f he conducted a success- 
ful exped. from Helena, Ark., into the interior 
of Mpi. In the oiwnitions around Vicksburg 
in the campaign of 1 863, he com. the two divis- 
ions of Gens.Smiih and Kimball : afterward 
ser\ed in La. under Gen. Banks. M.C. 1867- 
71 ; chosen gov. of Wis. in Nov. 1871. 

Washburne, Kliht Benj.\min, minis- 
ter to France (app. 1869). b. Livermore, Me., 
23 Sept. 1816. Bro. of Cadwallader C , and 
Israel, jun. Ser\e<l hn apprentic('sl'.ip in the 
ofHw of the Kninfh'c .Imrrmii ; studic<l law at 
H.U. ; and settled in practice at Galena. 111. 
Whig M C. 18.T.3-5 ; and suhseipu-ntly, until 
1869. a prominent Republican in that body, in 
which he was chairman of the com. on com- 
merce (1857-65). He has also the merit of hav- 
ing procnred Gen. Grant his app. of brig.-gcn., 
and remaiued his fast fricnil during all the 
vici.ssitudes of his militar\- career. The latter, 
on reaching the ptx>sidential chair, app. Wash- 
burne sec. of state (Mar. 1869) ; but he shortly 
after took the mission to i'ranee, which he now 
(1872) holds. 

Washburn, E.mort, LL.D. (H.U. and 
Wms. Coll. 1854 )j lawver, b. Leicester, Ms., 
Feb. 14, 1800. Wms. Coll. 1817. He .-tudied 



959 



WAS 



law; was aJin. to the bar 1821 ; practised in 
Leicester 1821-8, anil at Worcester 1828-56; 
member of the Gen. Court 1825-7 and 18.'58; 
wnsjn<l-cof C.CP. in 1S44-7; {.-uv. of Ms. in 
1854-i ; prof, in the Caml). Law Seliool since 
1 8.")5. Besiilcs aildresses liefoie ngric. societies, 
teniperaneo and oilier associations, he haspnb. 
■' The Part taken bv the Inhaliitants of Leices- 
ter, Ms., in the Events of the Revol," 1819; 
'• Aldress at the Social Festival of the Bar of 
■\Vureester County, Fell. 7, 1856;" " Histori- 
cal Sketi-hes of the Town of L'ieestei-, Ms.," 
ISGO; '■ Sketches of the. Indicial Historvof Ms., 
lG.i(>-1773," 8vo, 1840 ; " Address at the Cele- 
braiion of the 200th Anniv. of the Incorpora- 
tion of Brid^'cwater, Ms.,. June. 3, 1856; " " Law 
of Ka^enienls and Servitudes," 8vo, 186.1; 
" Professional Training, a Lecture," 8vo, 1861. 
His most important work is " A Treatise on 
tlie AiiKTican Law of IJeal Property," 2 vols. 
8vo, lSGO-2, 3d ed. 3 vols. 1868. Member 
of the Academy of Arts and Sciences, Antiq. 
Society of Worcester, N E. Hist. Grcneal. Soc., 
and the Ms. Hist. Society. 

Washburn, Israel, gov. Me. 1861-3, 
b. Livcrinore, Me., 6 June, 1813. Bio. of C. 
C. and E. B. Washbiirne. He studied law ; 
was adm. to the bar in 1834 ; and has practised 
at Orono, Penobscot Co., with success. Mem- 
ber Me. leirisl. 1842; JI.C. 1851-61; app. coll. 
of Portland 1863. 

Washburn, Peter Thachek, jurist, b. 
Lvnn, Ms., 7 Sept. 1814; d. 7 Feb. 1870. 
B'artni. Coll. 1835. He studied at the Camb. 
LawScliool; practised atLudlow,Vt., 1839-44, 
afterwaid at Woodstock ; 8 years reporter Vt. 
Sup. Court ; adj. and insp.-gen. of Vt. 1861-6 ; 
gov. of Vt. from Oct. 1869 to his death. Author 
of Ucpons of Sup. Ct. of Vt., vols. 17-2.3, and 
of Digest ; the first 1 5 vols. Vt. Reports, 8vo, 
1845 ; <.f li.ports of vols, 16-22, &e., 8vo, 1852. 

Washburn, Wilh.vm B.irrett, ^ov. of 

Ms. in KS72, b. Winehendon, Ms., 31 Jan. 1820. 
Y.C. 1844. A manufacturer. Member Ms. 
bou>c 18.50; senate 1854; subsequently pres. 
Greinfielil Bank; M.C. 1863-71. 

Washington, Bushrod, LL.D. (N. J. 

Coll. loO.'i), jurist, h. Westmoreland Co., Va., 
June 5, 1762 ; d. Pliila. Nov. 26, 1829. \Vm. 
and Mary Coll. 1778. He was the favorite 
nephew of the President. Studied law with 
James Wilson of Phila., and commenced prac- 
tice with j^reat success in his native county. He 
served as a private soldier at Yorktown ; was 
a mcmlier of the Va. h. of delegates in 1787; 
and the next year was a member of the conv. 
to ratify the U.S. Constitution ; afterwards re- 
moved to Alexandria, and thence to Richmond. 
Dec. 20, 1798, ho was app. an assoc. justice of 
the U. S. Supreme Court ; first pres. of the 
Colonization Society. Author of Reports Ct. 
of A]. peals, Va., 1790-6, 2 vols. 8vo, 1798-9 ; 
]{ Ij.irrs U. S. Cir. Court, 3d circ., 1803-27; 
e.lit.d l.y 1!. Peters, 4 vols. 8vo, 1826-9. 

Washington, George, first pres. U.S., 
b. iJrid;,'e's Creek, Westmoreland Co., Va., 
22 Feb.' 1732; d. Mt Vernoi 14 Dec. 1799. 
Fourth son of Au^'ustine. John his ancestor 
came 10 V.i. ab. 1657. Educated by a private 
tutor, and bc'-ame a surveyo'. Adj.-;;en. 1751 ; 
scut on a iui.-...i')n to the Frenuh com. on tho 



Ohio by Gov. Dinwiddle 31 Oct. 1753, return- 
ing 16 Jan. 1734, after much siitlerint;; app. 
lieut.-eol. Mar. 1754; and 28 May captured a 
French detaclimeut near Great .Mradows, kill- 
ing its coin. Jumouville; surrendered his com. 
at Fort Necessity t.i a superior French force 4 
July, 1754; vol. aide to Geu. Braddock at tho 
battle of the Monongaliela 9 July. 1755; m. 6 
Jan. 1759 to Jlartha, widow of John Parke 
Custis, and dau. of John Daudridae ; member 
of the h. of burgesses 1760-75 ; delegate to the 
first Congress, Sejit. 1774, and to the second. 
May, 1775, by which (15 June) he was chosen 
com. -in-chief of the Amer. army on the nomi- 
nation of John Adams, and took com. at 
Cambiid^'e 3 July. He forced the Briti^h to 
evacuate Boston (17 Mar. 1776); lost the battles 
of Brooklyn (27 Aug.), White Plains (;'8 Oct.) ; 
gained the victories of Trenton and Pi inceton 
(Dec. 26 and Jan. 3) ; was defeated at Brandy- 
wine (11 Sept. 1777) andat Gcrmantown (4 Oct. 
1777) ; fought an indecisive batile with Sir H. 
Clinton (28 Jnnc, 1778) at Monmouth, and, in 
conjunction with the French army of Rocliam- 
beau anil the fleet of De Grasse, captured the 
army of Cornwallisat Yorktown (19 Oct. 1781), 
virtually ending the war. Dec. 23, 1783, he 
resigned his com., and retired to Mt. Vernon. 
Pres. of the convention that formed the U.S. 
Constitution 1787 ; inaug. pres. of the U.S. at 
New York 30 Apr. 1789, and returned to private 
life on the exp. of his second term, 4 Mar. 1797. 
In Sept. 179S he pub. his Farewell Address. — 
See Life and Coiresp. b;j i>/nnks, 12 vols. 8vo ; 
Lives bij Uajnsaji, Mars/utll, Bancrofl, and Irving ; 
conceniint/ i}ed<'f/rce, see Geneal. Rcf/., xxi. 25. 

Washington, Col. William Auous- 
TIXE, a distinguished cavalrv-otlieer of the 
Revolution, b. Stall'ord Co., V,a., 28 Feb. 1752; 
d. Charleston, S.C, 6 ^L■ll■. 1810. Designed for 
the church by his tiither Bailey Washington, a 
kinsman of Gen. W. His attainments as a 
scholar were respectable. A capt. under Mer- 
cer in the Va. line, he disting. himself at Long 
Island, at Trenton (where he was severely 
wounded), and at Princeton. Major and then 
lieut.-eol. of Baylor's dragoons, and i)resent at 
its surprise by (3on. Grey at Tajipan in 1778. 
He was active in com. of a liuht corps in the 
vicinity of Charleston, S.C, in 1779-80, and 
was worsted at Monk's Corner and at Laneau's 
Ferry; attached to the diviiou of Gen. Morgan, 
he carried by stratagem the fort at Rugely's 
Mill, cipturiug a large force ; and for his valor 
at the Cowpens, where he had a personal en- 
coimter with Col. Tarleton, both being wound- 
ed, received from Congress a silver medal. Ho 
Wiis active in Greene's celebrated retreat ; was 
conspicuous at {iuilford; behaved gallantly at 
Hobkirk's Iliil, and also at Eiitaw, where he w.as 
taken prisoner, remaining till the dose of the 
war. He then m., and settled in Cliarleston, 
S.C, where he was a member of the legisl., 
but declined being a candidate for gov., as ho 
coul I not inaJci: a speech. Upon Washington's 
app. as com. of tlie army by Pres. Adams, he 
selected Col. W. a.s onc'of "his staff, with the 
rank of bing.-gcn. Tall, strong, and active in 
person, he was taciturn and modest in deport- 
ment, and exceedingly hospitable, generous, 
and bunevolcut. 



■WA.T 



960 



"«^AT 



Waterbury, David, Jun., b. Stamford, 
Ct., Foil. 12, 1722; d. Juno 29, 1801. Major 
3d Ct. Regt. in the French and Indian war; 
raided ;i rc^t. early in 1775 ; July 3, 1775, was 
ord. to the Xorth, and returned in Jan. 1776; 
app. bri^'.-gen. militia, June, 1776; served in 
Northern army; Sept. 2, 1776, app. second to 
Arnold in the fleet on Lake Champlain ; and in 
the action Oct. 14 was taUcn prisoner. He was 
soon exchanged, but saw no active sennce 
af'tenvard. lie was a farmer, and serred in 
the State lefrislature many years. 

Waterbury, J.ibed'Bell, D.D., b. N.Y. 
City 1799. y.C. 1>^22. Author of "AdWce 
to a Voung Chiistian," 1827 ; "The Binghter 
A^'C," a poem, 18.30; "Remains of Mr.s. Cath- 
erine Winslow," 1851 ; "Sketches of (2.3) Elo- 
quent Preaeliers," 1864; "Southern Planters 
and the Fnidmcn," 1865; " Memoir of Rev. 
John Seudd.r, D.D.," 1870, &c. — aWtone. 

Waterhouse, Benjamin, M.D., physi- 
cian and author, b. Newport, R.I., 4 March, 
1754 ; d. Cambridge, Ms., 2 Oct. 1846. U. of 
Leyden. Placed in 1775 in charge of Dr. Foth- 
ergill, a maternal relative, he stuilied in Lon- 
don, Edin1)urgh, and Leyden. Prof of the theo- 
ry and practice of medicine in H.U. 1783-1812. 
Chosen in 17 4 prof, of nat. hi^t. in Brown U., 
he delivered in Providence at that time the first 
course of lectures upon that science in Ameri- 
ca. He introduced the stucly of mineralogy 
(then a novelty in the U.S.), obtained a valuar 
bic collection of mineral.-? from Dr. Lettsom, 
and procured the establishment of the botanic 
gardens. For 7 years he vindicated by his 
writings Dr. Jenncr's discovery of vaccination 
against ridicule and public prejudice. A 
prominent political friend of Jefferson, he was 
app. U.S. hospital-surgeon 29 June, 1813, and 
was post -surgeon in 1 SI 8-21. Author of 
"Lectures on the Theory and Practice of 
Medicine," 8vo, 1786; "Lectures on Natural 
Historv,"1810; "The Botanist," 1811; "Ora- 
tio Inimrj." at H.U. 1783; on "Vitality," 1790; 
"Pro.spect of exterminating the Small-Pox," 
1800 ; a work ascribing the authorship of " Ju- 
nius" to Loril Chatham, 1831 ; ".Journal of a 
Young Man of Ms.," a novel, 1816. Member 
of numerous scientific bodies in the U.S. and 
Europe. His son John Fotheegill, M.D., 
physiian, naturalist, and orator, b. 1 Aug. 
1791, d. Charleston. S.C., 18 May, I8I7.— 
Pof/jfiiitli'))t, vol. ii. 

Watorman, Thomas Whitney, lawyer 
of X.V. C'itv, son of Thomas Glasbv, lawver 
(Y.C. 1806); b. Binyhamfon, X.Y., 18'2I. En- 
tered Y.C. 1838; travelled in Europe 1842-4; 
adm. to the bar 184«. Author of "Treatise 
on Justices," 8vo, 1849; "Amer. Chancery 
Digest," 3d cd., 3 vols. 8vo, lf^5l ; "Treatise 
on Justices for Wisconsin and Iowa," 8vo, 
1H53; "Tr<-atise on New Trials," 2 vols. 8vo, 
1855; "Digest of Ct. Sup. Court R;port.s," 
8vo, 1858; "Treatise on the Law of Set-Otf," 
&c., 8vo, 1869; and editor of Archbold, 7th 
ed. ; Caine's N.Y. Reporis, 3d ed., 1854 ; and 
Uolfm;iM's Chancery llcpons, l>-63. — AOilionc. 

Waterston, Rev. RonEitx Cassie, Unit, 
clergyin.in, b. Kennebunk, Me., 1812. Studi d 
3 years at Cambridge; was ord. 1839; labore<l 
5 years as minister at lai-gc ; m. Anna C, dau. 



of Josirih Quincy ; and has had charge of .-cv 
eral cliurches. Resides in Boston. Author 
of "Thoughts on Moral and Spiritual Cul- 
tiu-e," 12mo, 1842; "Arthur Lee and Tom 
Palmer;" "Address on Lite and Char, of T. 
Shornin," 16 Feb., 1870, belbrc iligh-school 
Assoc., Boston ; also addresses, discourses, po- 
cms,&c.; compiled a hynm-book; andcontrib. 
to many reviews, magazines, &c. — Aililmm. 

Waterton, Cuaules, English naturali-st, 
b. ab. 17s2; d. 18G5. He visited S. America, 
and pub. in 1825 " Wanderings in S. Aim rica, 
the North-west of the U.S., and the Aniilies." 
He also pub. "Essays on Natural Hi-iory." 

Watkins, Tobias, M.D., physicu.n and 
author, b. Md. 170; d. Washin:;ion, D.C., 
Nov. 14, 1855. St. .John's Coll. 1798; Piula. 
Mod. Coll. Iy02. H-.: commenced practice at 
Havre de Grace, Md. ; was surgeon in the ar- 
myduring the warof 1812; assist, surgeon-gen, 
1818-21 ; and founh auditor of the treasury 
1824-9. In 1809 he edited the Baltimore Mr J. 
anri Phitsicfil lU'cordcr. In 1816 he commenced 
with his brotlier-in-law Stephen vSimpson, at 
Phila., the Portiro. Hj also contrib. fretiy to 
the public press and to literary periodicals. 
Transl. Bichat's " Physiol. Researches " fiom 
theFrench, Svo, 1809; and De Onis's "Memoir 
upon the Treaty of 1819," Irom the Spanish, 
Svo, 1822. 

Watmough, John G., soldier and politi 
eian, b. on the Brandvwine, Del., Dec. 6, 
1793; d. Phila. Nov. 29,"l8Gl. U. of Pa. and 
N.J. Coll. A lieut.ofart. in the war of 1812; 
he was wounded at Fort Erie; was aide to 
Gen. Gaines on the southern frontier in 1814- 
16; resigned in 181G; M.C. from I'a. 1831-5; 
high sherifi^ of Phila. city and county in 1835 ; 
and suneyor of the port in 1841. Author of 
" Scribbliiigs and Sketches," Pliila. Svo, 1844. 

Watson, SiK BitoOK, an Engli.-h b:ironct 
(Dee. 5, 1803), b. Plymouth, Lng., Feb. 7, 
1 735 ; d. Oct. 2, 1807. Early in life he entered 
the sea-senicc, but, wliile bathing in the haibor 
of Havana in 1749, a shark bit off his riiht 
leg below the knee, and he was obliged to r|i;it 
his chosen proll-si-ion. He then entered upon 
mercantile pursuits; in 1755 was commiss. 
with Col. Sloneton at the siege of Ceauscjour, 
N.S. ; and in 1758 at Louisb'urg, having in 
charge Wolfe's division ; in 1759 he settled as 
a merchant in London, and subsequently did 
business in Montreal. Visiting Ms., N.Y., and 
other Colonies, just belbrc the Revol., he pro- 
fessed himself a Whig ; but intercepted letters 
to Gen. Gage showed his true character to bo 
that of a spy. When Lord North's bill to cut 
off the fisheries of N. Eng. w.as before parliament 
in 1775, he w.is examined by the house of com- 
mons. In 17S2hewas made comini-sary -gen. 
to his friend Sir Guy Carlcton in America ; in 
1784-93 was M.P. from London; in I7S5 
sheriff of London and Middlesex ; lord-mayor 
in 1796; and, in reward of his services in 
America, parliament voted his wife an annuity 
of £500 for life. Made agent for the Colony of 
N. Brunswick in 1786; commiss.-gen. to the 
Duke of York in 1793-5; commiss.-gen. of 
Eng., March 1798-1806. 

Watson, Elkaxah, agriculturist, b. Plym- 
outh, Ms., Jan. 22, 1758; d. Port Kent, N.Y.. 



^\-^T 



961 



"W^^X 



Dec. 3, 1 S42. In Sept 1 773 he was apprpo- 
tkcJ to John Bro«-n of Providence, a celebrated 
merchant, who in 1775 sent him with H tuni 
ot" powder to ^Va^hi^gton■^ annv at Cambridi:*, 
which wai dtstitnte of thii ncce5J^arv• aniele. 
In 1777 he was sent to Charleston and other 
Sonthem ports with over S50.000 to be invested 
in cargoes for the E:-. ■- ■. !■! irkets. His 
joamal of this jour- ■ y pnb., is 

the best account ex: al towns 

and villages of the 1. :;;ue of the 

RevoL In Ang. 177j Le «as Uraivr of de- 
spatches frvm iIk Anier. govt, to Franklin at 
Pahs, and opened a commercial hoose at 
Xanies. Here, after 3 years of success, he lost 
by the financial reverses of the period the 
bulk of his pruperty. He nest visited Etig. ; 
in 17S4 went to Holland and Flanders, and i«- 
tumed to Newport in Dec. ; in 17J9 he went 
to Albany, where for I S years he was an active 
promoter oi public euterpris<'s. After travel- 
ling some years in Europe, he pnb. while in 
London an account of his pioneer trip in \Vest- 
era S.Y. Settled in 1S07 in PittsDcld. Ms., and 
devoted, himself to agriculture; founded the 
Berkshire A^^c. Soc- ; rvtumed in 1S16 to Al- 
hsny. ;!Ti.! i.!>:anized the first a^ric. soc. in X.T. ; 
v:-:: ; >!: Li_-an, examined the Lake region, 
. -x r ; the route to Montreal, with a 
v' t:^ it; iniprovement, and connection with 
Boston and X. Y. In 1 *2S he removed to Port 
Kent, on Lake Champlain. Besides frequent 
contributions to periodicals, he pub. some pam- 
phlets and vols, on a^ric. and economical topics ; 
"A Tour in Holland in 17S4,"in 1790: "A 
History- of Agricultural Societies," IS20 : " His- 
tory of X.Y. Canals. 17:*^IS19." Hb Auto- 
Hos- and Journals v.-ere pub. in i ?53 bv his son 
WixsLOW CossoCL (b. Albany, 22 Dec. ISOS I. 
a!^>j a .:",or of "Gen. View of Essex Co.;" 

■ Trv..:;- .a Pract. Husbandry;" "Pioneer 
11;-:. ■ L;.ua plain Vallev," Svo, 1S63 ; and a 

■ lii>:. of E.<sex Co.," Svo, IS69. 
Watson, Heskt C, b. Bait. 1S31 ; d. 

1569. while editor of the Sacramrxlo (Cal.) 
L\i<M. He was early connected with the Phila. 
-V. American, E^^.' Jvir^i!, ic. Author of 
"Camp-Fires of the Revolution," Svo, 1?31 ; 
"Ni-hT- in a Blockhouse," Si-o, 1S52; "Old 
B '-' v: Ii : T^-:ndence," 1832; "Yankee Tea- 
i\ir:- ." i^-vi: "Lives of the Presidents." 
1 f J :."; ■ Hcnjio Women," 1S53 : " Ladies' Glee- 
Books," 1*34; "Masonic Musical Manual," 
1 S35 ; '• Univ. Xaval History : " " Camp-Fires 
of Xapoleon," 1S56; "Romance of History," 
ic, — A''<'*yfte. 

Watson, James C, director of the Oltser- 
varory at Ann Arbor, Mich., b. of Amer. 
pitrcnts in Elgin Co., Canada W., 1S3S. U. 
of Mich. lSo7, Elected prof, of astron. there 
Jane, I ?39. Antbor of" " P'^T.!ar Tr^^H-* on 
Comets." 1S60; " T' ' " 

ic, Svo, 1*6 J. Co- -• 

nals. He has diso. >: 

and in 1S70 the Frv;i i .» > .. ■•. >.. i.^tS or- 
iwanli'd hiiu the astronomicai prize for his im- s - 
pon.int di>coveries- y 

Watson, Jon>-. M.D. (Coll. of Phvs. and 7" 
Snr_-s. 1#.32|, physician and medical writer, b. o 
Ix>ndondcrry. Ireland. Apr. 16, 1S07. His i" - 
fauiiiy came' to the U.S. m ISIO, and in 1S18 Ro 
41 



settled in Xew York. In i"''"! he tv-.j one of 
the physicians of the X.Y " :" which 

he was in lJ.39-62 an . In 

15.36 he with Dr. H. . ished 

an infirmary for cutano after 

organized as the Btxwui - ■ Med- 

icine, in which he heli :_•. pa- 

thol<^y. He was instruu. ..;_. .^ . ... ..ugtbe 

X.Y. Med. and Surg. 6<a.., luc Aiacr. Med. 
Assoc., and the X.Y." Acad, of Med., of which 
laner he wiis some vears pivs. He has contrib. 
to medical periodicals ; has pub. " Thermal 
Ventilation and other Sanitary Improvements 
-\ppiieable to Public Buildings," IS31 : " The 
Medical Protession in Ancient Times," 1S56; 
" The Parish Will Case Critically Examined," 
1837; and "The True Physician," IS«0.— 

Watson, John Faksing, annalist, b. 
Burlington Co., X. J., June 13, 1779 : d. trer- 
mantown. Pa., Dec. 23, 1860. '.' 
counting-house in Phila. ; left i: 
in the war dept. in 1 798 ; aften^ . 
himself in X. Orleans, where iu i.--. n. ...is 
purveyor of subsistence to the army stationed 
there. Recalled to Phila. by the death of his 
father and a bro., he was many years a book- 
seller there; in 1814—47 was cashier of the 
Bank of Gcrmantown ; and afterward treas. of 
a railroad company. * He pub. " Annals of 
PMadelphia." 18.30, enlarged and impro^-ed in 
1837-8; "Historic Tales of OlJcn Time/ 
1832, concerning X.Y.; and a similar vol. on 
Phila., 1833; "Annals and Occunvnces of 
X. Y. Cirv and State in the Ulden Time," 
1846. A'ilemoir by Dr. Benj. Dorr, rv-jd be- 
fore the Phila. Hist. Soc. in Feb. 1 861 , has beoi 
pub. — /AryriVwct. 

Watson, Jons 'Watsos TADWEtL, a 
British gen.; d. Calais, France, June, 1826. 
Entered 3d Foot Guards, Apr. 1 767 ; capt. and 
lient.<ol. Xov. 1778: col .\«Lr- 1783: sen. 
Apr. 1808. In :h - -■ _ • ' " ' ' ■■H:h'"300 
picked men unui- :" Mar- 

ion's brigade. .\ -. and 

being cons' ■••' -", •! 

whom hv 
on his O" 

plaining : - - 

a irentlcman vr a Ciiri.-:iiB. " 

Watterston, George, librarian of Con- 
gress 1S23-S. Author of "Memoir on the 
'fobacco- Plant," 8vo, 1817; "Letters from 
Washington," 1818; " Course of ."^rady Prep, 
to the Bar or Senate," 1823; " WanJ.rer in 
Washington." 1827 ; " The Lawye/, or Slan 
as he ought not to be," 1829; with X. B. 
Van Zandt, " Tabular Statist. Views of the 
Population, ic, of the U.S.,'' 1S2J and 1833; 
"Gallery of Amer. Portraits." 18.36; " Xiw 
Guide to Washington," 1842 and 1848. — A!i- 

WattS, JoHS, loyalist, b. X. York. .\pr. 5, 
lT15:t! Wales. .\.Hi. 1789. He ra. .\nn, dju. 

^,,- «... . .. ii. I ...... V ^. J I"--.' reppe- 

s - :'.iany 

'7 ■ ■ ■ was 

c. r' the 

I, - - sons 



■VC'AT 



962 



AVAY 



who d. 1793, m. Capt. Kennedy, who became 
Earl of CassUis. Their son, the 1 2th earl, was 
b. in America. John, 2d son, b. N.Y. 1749, 
d. there Sept. 3, 183G. M.C. 1793-6 ; made a 
muiiiticent donation to the Leake and Watts 
Orphan-House; m. his cousin-german Jane De 
Laneey, and left descendants, one of wliom was 
Gen. Philip Kearney. 

Watts, koBEKT, M.D. (Coll. Phys. and 
Siir;,'. 1835), physician and surgeon, b. Ford- 
ham, N.Y, 1S12; d. Paris, France, Sept. 8, 
1 8G7. Col. Coll. 1 831 . While an under-grad- 
uate, he was app. lecturer on anatomy at the 
Vt. Medical Coll., and in 1838 was prof, of the 
same branch there and at Pittsfield, als. From 
1839 to his death he was prof, of anatomy in 
the Coll. of Phys. and Surgeons ; and from 
1859 was an attending physician of the Nur- 
sery and Child's Hospital ; one of the founders 
of the N.Y. Pathological Soc, and for several 
years its presiding officer. He pub. many able 
articles and reports o£ eases ni the medical 
periodicals, and revised and edited with notes 
some manuals of anatorav. 

V\rayland,FR.\xcis,t).D.(Un. Coll. 1827), 
LL.D. (1852), scholar and clergyman, b. N.Y. 
Ciry, Mar. 11, 1796, of English parents; d. 
Providence, Sept. 26, 1865. Un. Coll. 1813. 
After stndying medicine 3 years, in 1816 he 
studied at the Thcol. S^m., Andover; and was 
tutor at Un. CoU. in 1817-21, a part of the 
time pre.acbuig to a cong. at Burnf Hills ; in 
1821-6 ho was pastor of the First Baptist 
Church, Boston; in 1826 he was for a short 
time prof, of math-inatics and nat. philos. at 
Un. Coll.; fro-.ii Feb. 1827 to 1855 was prcs. 
of Brown U. ; and was afterward, lor two or 
three years, pastor of the First Bapt. Church in 
Providence. Dr. Wayland manilcsted eminent 
ability in managing the allbirs of B.U., largely 
increasing its reputation, and doubling the 
number of its stutlents. He taught by lectures 
in place of the old text-books, and pub. works 
on "Moral Sci-nce," "Political Economy," 
and "Intcll. Philosophy." In 1842 he pub. 
" Thoughts upon the Collegiate System of 
the U.S.," which led to much discussion. His 
other publications are " Letters on Slavery ; " 
"Life of the Missionary, Dr. Judson," 1853; 
" Univcr.T.iy Sermons," 1838, suhsequent'ypub. 
as "Salvation by Christ," 1858; "Limita- 
tions of Human Responsibility," 1840; "Me- 
moir of Il.an'ict Ware," 1 850 ; " Notes on the 
Principles and Practices of IJaptists," 1856; 
" Oetas. Diseour?es," 1855; "Sermons to the 
Churches," lL-5.^; "Letters on the Ministry," 
1863. — See Memoir hi/ his Sons Francis and 
n. L. Wai/imid, 2 vols. Svo, 1867. 

Wayne, Gen. ANTnosY, b. Chester Co., 
Pa., 1 Jan. 1745; d. Prcsque Isle, 15 Dec. 
1796. His grandfather Anthony of Yorkshire 
com. a squadron of dragoons under King Wil- 
liam at the battle of the Boyne, and came to 
Pa. in 1 722. I.^aac his father was an olficer in 
Indian wars, and served in the Prov. Icgisl. 
Anthony was educated at the Phila. Ac:id., 
and, through the friend-'hip of Dr. Franklin, 
v.'as app. a land-agent in Nova Scotia, where 
lie r. sided in 1 765-6. Marrying in 1 767, he was 
until 1774 a firmer and l.-in-l-smTcyor; member 
of the legisl. in 1774-5, andof various patriotic 



associations of the time. He raised a regt. if 
Sept. 1775; was made a col. 3 Jan. 1776 ; brig.- 
gen. 21 Feb. 1777. Disting. and wounded at 
Trois Rivieres, Canada. At the Brandywine, 
11 Sept. 1777, he was opposed to Knyphausen, 
and held his ground until the right of "the Amer. 
army was turned. On the night of 20 Sept. 
he was surprised by Gen. Grey near the Paoii 
Tavern, and compelled to retreat with serious 
loss. Wayne demanded a court of inquiry, 
and was acquitted with the highest honor. At 
Gemianfown, where he led the attack of the 
right wing, he signalized himself, and was 
twice slightly wounded. For his conduct at 
Monmouth (28 Juni', 1778), he was especial. y 
mentioned in Washington's oHicial report. 
His most brilli.int achievement, however, was 
the storming of Stony Point, a strong post 
on the Hudson, on the night of 15 July, 1779. 
In this attack he was wounded in the head. 
Congress gave him a vote of thanks and a gold 
medal. After the mutiny of the Pa. line, 
Wayne, with the remnant of Pa. troops, join' d 
Lafayette in Va. 7 June, 1781 ; at Green 
Spring, Va., 6 July, 1781, he was ordered to 
attack what was suppo.-cd to be only a rear- 
guard, but which proved to lie the whole Brit- 
ish army in order of battle within less than 
100 paces. His course was at once sagacious 
and energetic. A well-execuied bayonet-i barge 
stopped the enemy, and gave Wayne time to 
retreat without loss. Present at Yorktown ; 
ordered to (ia., he d' feated Col. Brown, 20 
May, 1782, and a month later the renowned 
Indian chieftain Guristersigo, who was killed ; 
14 Dec. 1782 he took possession of Charleston 
on its evacuation. He served in the Pa. As- 
sembly in 1784-5, and in the couv. that ratiticd 
the U.S. Constitution. Apr. 3, ] 792, he was 
made gen.-in-chief of the army engaged against 
the North-western Indians ; 20 Aug. 1 704 he 
gained a complete victory over them at the 
Maumee Rapids, " Fallen Timbers," which 
was followed by the treaty of Greenville, re- 
sulting in a long peace and a considerable ac- 
cession of territory. Wayne, though by his 
bravery gaining the soliriquet of " Mad An- 
thony," was discreet and cautious, fruitful in 
expedients, quick in decision, and prompt in 
execution. " Wayne's Orderly-Book at Ti- 
cond.," with notes and app., was pub. by Mun- 
sell, 1859. — .SVc Mrmoirs ly II. N. Moore, Phiia. 
1845, and hi/ John Armstrong in Spurl.s's Amer. 
Biorj., vol. iv. ; llie Aasiiitll on Sloni/ Point, hi/ II. 
B. Uaimon, 1863. His .son Col.' Isaac (il.C. 
1823-5) d. Chester Co., Pa., 25 Oct. 1852, a. f2. 
Wayne, J.iMES Moore, LL.D. (N.J. CoU. 
1849),iui|ge,li. Savannah, Ga., 1790; d. Wash- 
ington", DC, July 5, 1867. N. J. Coll. 1 ■. 
He became a lawyer and politi ian ; was tv.o 
years a mcmlier of the St.ate legisl. ; mayor of 
Savannah 1823 ; was judge of the Superior 
Court 1824-9; M.C. 1829-35; took a promi- 
nent position as a debater ; and was a support- 
er of Gen. Jackson, who app. him, 9 Jan. 
1835, assoc. judge U.S. Sup. (^ourt. His opin- 
ions upon admiralty juri .pnidence arc every- 
where cited aa high authority. In Congress 
ho sustained free trade; opjiosed internal iiii- 
provcmeuts by Congress, except of rivers and 
harbors ; opposed a rechartcr of the U.S. 



WE A. 



963 



"^NTEB 



Bank ; and took an active part in the removal 
of the Indians to the West. Ho presid'd in 
two conventions for revising the constitution 
of Geor_'ia. 

Waare, XIeshech, first prcs. of N.H., b. 
Hampton, N.ll., June 16, 1713; d. Jan. 14, 
178G. H.U. 17.35. Son of Nathaniel. He 
Wiis chosen sjicaker of the house in 1752; com- 
missioner to the Congress at Albany 1754; 
afterwards a justice of the Sup. Court; in 1777 
chief justice ; and was councillor from Rock- 
ingham, and chair;uan of the com. of safety. 
la 1775 he was chosen pres. of the State ; was 
annually reelected during the war, and in 
1784 undiT the new con~timtion ; made fellow 
of the Acad. Arts and Seinces in 1782. 

Weatharsford, Whli.vm, a noted chief 
of the Creek Indians; d. Monroe Co., Ala., 
1 824. His father w.is a white trad' r, his moth- 
er a Seminole woman. He was a skilful hunt- 
er and warrior ; commanded his tril>e in the 
war with the U.S. in 1813-14, in which they 
were overpo\vercd, and surrendered voluntarily 
to Gen. Jack<on in Apr. 1814. He afterwatil 
lived peaceably on his plantation at Little 
Eiver. 

Webb, Ges. Alexasdeb S., b. X.T. ab. 
1 834. West Point, 1 855. Son of James Wat- 
son Webb. Entring the 2d Art., he served 
ag.iin3t the Seminolcs in Fla. in 1856 ; was 
assist, prof, of math, at West Point 1857-61 ; 
Ist Hem. 2S Apr. 1861 ; capt. llth Inf. 14 Mav, 
1861 ; maj. 1st R.I. Vols. 14 Sept. 1S61 ; lieu't.- 
col. stalf U.S. vols. 20 Aug. 1S62; brig.-gen. 
vols. 23 Jane, 1863 ; 11 eut.^ol. 44th U.S. Inf. 
28 July, 1S66. He sen-ed in defence of Fort 
Pickens, at Bull Run, and through the Penin- 
sular campaign ; w^s chief of staff 5th corps 
at Antietam and Chancellorsville ; brev. major 
3 July, 1 863, for Gettysburg, where he com. a 
brigade in 2d corps, and was wounded ; com. 
div. 2d corps in Rapidan campaign, Oct. 1863 
to Apr, 1864, and brev. lieut.-co,.'ll Oct. 1863 
for BiTstoe's Station ; com. brigade in battles 
of the Wildcm;>ss and Spottsylvania, and brev. 
col. for the latter 1 2 ilay, 1 j64, where ho was 
Severely wounded ; chief of staff to Gen. 
Moadc'll Jan. 1?65, and brev. brig, and maj. 
gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865; discharged 5 Dec. 
Is70. App. pres. N.Y. City Coll. 1*69. 

Webb, Col. Cuahles, b. Stamford. Ct., 
Feb. 13, 1724; d. ab. 1782. Memlwr State 
legisl. in 1758, and 23 times rcehoscn. At- 
tained the rank of capt. in 1760, having served 
in the French war. Sent in May, 1 775, by Con- 
gress, on a tour of military investigation to Ti- 
conderoga. Col. 19th Regt. July, 1775. In 
the buttles at White Plains, Oct. 28, 1776, and 
at Long Island, Aug. 27, 1776; also White- 
marsh, 5 Dec. 1777, in which his rcgt. snft'ered 
sovercly. 

Webb, Charles Hevrt, b. Rouse's Pt., 
X.Y. Author of " LilBth Lank, or Lunacv," 
X.Y. 1857; "St. Twcl'mo" (a travesty of 'St. 
E;mo), 1867; "Our Friend from Victoria," 
a pay; " Arrah-na-jiok ■," a burlesque, 1865; 
edit d " The Jumping Frog," by Mark Twain; 
founded and etiited the l-'alifornian of San 
Frincisco; and has contrib. to mags, and jour- 
nals. — .VUljom. 

Webb, George James, prof, in the Bos- 



ton Acad, of Music, and an eminent composer 
and teacher of music. Author of "American 
GieeBook," "Ms. Coll. of Church Music," 
" Vocal Class-Book for Schools," " Orilio|)ho- 
ny,"&c.; " Cantica Ecelcsiastica," 1859; also 
some musical pubs, in connection with Lowell 
Mason. 

Webb, Jajies, jurist, b. Va. ; d. Goliad, 
Te.xas, Nov. 2, 1856. He studied law; re- 
moved to Ga. ; and, after practising his profes- 
sion a few years, was m;idc a judge of the Sup. 
Court. He held for many years the office of 
U.S. dist. judge in the Terr, of Fla., but re- 
signed, and removed to Texas in 1839. Under 
Pres. Lamar he tilled successively the offices of 
atty.-gen. and sec. of state; served one term 
in the senate; and, alter Texas became a State, 
was reporter of the decisions of the Sup. Court; 
sec. of state ; and, at the time of his death, 
judge of the 14tti judicial di»t. .Author of 
" Kc|iorts Slip. Ct. of Texas," 1846-8, 3 vols. 
8vo, 1S4S-51. 

Webb, James Watsos, journalist, son of 
Gen. S. B. Webb, b. Claverack, N.Y., Feb. 
8, 1802. 7tb in deseenl from Richard, freeman 
of Boston 1632. He entered the army as 2d 
licut. in Aug. 1819; was first lieut. i'n 1823, 
and resigned in 1827. He then took charge 
of the N.Y. Coui-icr, which in 1829 he united 
with the Enquirtr under the name of the Mvin- 
iny Courier and N.Y. Enfjitirer, becoming sole 
editor, and in 1830 sole proprietor, of the jour- 
nal. It sustained the Whig party during its 
existence. App. in 1850 cluiri/^ irnffaires to 
Vienna, the senate did not confirm the nomi- 
nation. In 1861 Pres. Lincoln app. him min- 
ister to Brazil. While in this position he se- 
cured the settlement of long-standing claims 
against Brazil, and was instrumental, through 
his intim.acy with Napoleon III., in procuring 
the withdrawal of the French from ilexico. 
Author of " Altowan, or Adventures in the 
Rocky Mountains," 2 vols. 8vo, 1846 ; " Slave- 
ry and its Tendencies," Svo, 1856. 

^STebb, Joseph, grand-master of Freema- 
sons in America; d. Boston, Apr. 26, 1787, a. 

Webb, Ges. Samctel B., b. Wethers- 
field, Ct., 17.53; d. Claverack, N.T., Dec. 3, 
1807. He was engaged, and wounded in the 
arm, at Bunker's Hill, and for gallantry on that 
day was publicly thanked, and made aide to 
Gen. Putnam. A letter written by him to his 
step-father Silas Deane, descrihing that battle, 
is in the Hist. Soc. of Hartford. lu June, 
1776, he was app. aide to Washington, and 
was wounded at White Plains ; he was also 
wounded at Trenton, and was engaged at Bn.n- 
dywine; in 1778 he took com. of the 3d Ct. 
Itegt. In crossing to Long Island with Gen. 
Parsons's expedition in 1779, he, with most of 
the com., were captured by the British fleet. 
Released in 1 782, he was promoted to the com. 
of the light inf. upon the retirement of Baron 
Steuben. 

Webb, Thomas Smith, past grand-master 
of the R.l. Grand Lodge; d. 1819. Was the 
author of .-ome Masonic inii«ic and poetry, and 
of an excellent manual entitled " The Freema- 
son's Monitor," 1797. The best cd. is by E. 
T. Carson, Svo, I S65. — Allihme. 



VViiJB 



964 



"WKB 



Webb, William IT., shipbuilder, b N Y 

Citv l'.l .Jiinc, 1816. KdiicateJ at tlie Kiam. 

m.ir-schoDls of N.Y., nml iuiirned liis art in ilio 
shipj-iml of his fatliur lnwo, who d. Lt ,Jaii 

1840, a. 40. Since 184:i ho has camed on tliu 
business alone, and has eonsti-uctod many ves- 
sels of great speed and oapac-itv, upon ori'Mual 
phms. Among them are " The UenerafAd- 
miral," a eteam-frigato for the Russian nuvv, 
two steam screw-frigates for tlio Italian navV] 
and tlie ironclad rani " Dunderlwrg " for the 
U. S, navy. 

Webber, Chaulks Wh.kins, author b 
RusM^lville, Ky„ May 29, 1819; killed in Nica- 
ragua III IS.'-jti, while serving with the filibus- 
ter Walker. His mother, the dau. of Gen 
John Tnnnchill, a lievol. officer, m. Dr. Au- 
jjnstino Webber, a prominent physician of 
South Ky. Her son's early life was" pa.ssed in 
the sjiorts of the field and on the frontier of 
Texas, where his singular adventures of sever- 
al vcars furnished tlicincs for his earlier books. 

Old Hicks the Guide," " Shot in the Eve " 
and " Gold Minesofthu Gila," 1849. Hes'lud- 
ied medicine and then theology at Princeton 
Sem, but soon relied solely upon his pen. He 
went to New York at the age of 23, where ho 



.. „. "^^ V.1 _i,, lYinjiu He 

wrote a series of papers on "Texan Adven- 
ture " for the iV™ (KwW, sketches and other 
papers for the Demon. Ii,;'ww: edited the Wl,h, 
/(t'waw 2 years ; contrib. to the Ld<;;,ru Woil'il 
papers on Western Life ami Natiinil Historv 
He pub. in 1851-.'J "The Hnmer Naturalist " 
illiistr.ited ; "Spiritual Vampirism;" atid 
"Talcs of the Southern Border," 18'>.3 • 
" Wild S<-encs and Song-IJirds," 18.')4; " His- 
tory of Mystery," 12mo; "Te.xan Virago" 
ms; "Wild Girl of Nebraska," 18.52 -1 
Uiiili-hiHck. 

Webber, Sa-jiukl, D.D., prcs. of H U 

b. Uyfield, lis., Jan. l.'i, 1700; d. Cambridrro' 
July 17, 1810. H.U. 1784. At Harv., where 
ho e.\hibited a strong predilection for inatlie- 
mathics, he studied thcologv; was in 1787 ni>p 
a'tulor; succeeded Dr. VVilliams as prof, of' 
mathematics and nat. pliilos. in 1789; and on 
the .l.uth of Pres. Willard was inang. as his 
sii..r,s„r. May 0, 1800. In 1796 he was em- 
pluycd by the govt, to ascertain the boundary 
beiw.Tii Canada and the U.S. In 18(11 ho 
pub. a .System of Miiilieinatics, 2 vols. 8vo • Ku- 
logy on President Willard, 1804. He revi.sed 
the Iiitrod. to Morse's Geography, 2 vols. 8vo, 
1790. Vice-pros, of the Amer. Acad., and a 
fellow of the Philos. Soeietv. 

Webster, D.vniki., liL.D. (N.J. 1818- 

D.I'. ISJ.-I; H.U. 1821), .statesman, lanyer,' 
1111.1 orator, b. Salisbury, N.H., Jan. 18, 1782- 
d. MarshliehlMs., Oct. 24, 1852. Dartm. 
(.oil. 1801. Ills father Kbeiiezer, a Revol. sol- 
dier, and subsetpieiitly a judge, was b. Kings- 
ton, N.H., 17.'39; d. April, 1806. Daniel was 
eilucated at Phillips (K.Ncter) Academy and at 
Dartm. Coll., defraying a portion of the ex- 
pense by teaching school. In 1802 ho taii"bt 
an acad. at Fryeburg, Mo.; then studicil law • 
came to Boston in July, 1804; studied in the 
office of Christopher Gore, afterward gov. of 
Ms. ; and was adm. to tho bar in the spring 
M ii*^"''' ^'^"''' !"■"''•''''"!-' " y<"n'' in Boscawen, 
N.ll., he removed to Portsmouth, where ho row 



n once to fill practice at a bar where Samuel 
Dexter, Joseph Story, ami ,l,.reiniiili Mason, 
were prominent. M.C. in 181.'i-17, and placed 
on the e..m ,,1 foreign atf.irs, be at once took 
rank with the foremost both for business and 
;^ebate. In Aug 1816 he removed i„ Boston. 
I he famous Dartm. (;oll. cu.sc, carried iiv an. 
peal to Washington in 1817, placed him iii tlio 
Iront rank of the American bar. Anion-' tho 
great caiLses argued by him before the U S 
blip. Court were those of Gibbons and O'deii 
(steamer monopoly case), that of Ugden^aiid 
Saunders (State insolvent laws), the Charles- 
river Bridge Case, tho Alabama Bank Case 
tho Girard Will Case, and the 1!.[. Cliartei- 
Case. In tho trials.of Goodridgo at Newbnrv- 
jiort and the Knapps at Salem, Mr. Web,ter 
exhibited unsurpassed skill as a criminal law- 
yer. Member of the Ms, Const. Conv. of 1820 
he spoko upon oaths of office, the basis of sena- 
torial representation, and tlie indcpetidence of 
the judiciary. Dec. 22, 1820, he delivered his 
celebrated discourse at Ph tuouth on the aiiniv. 
o the landing of the Pilgrims. Others of this 
class of efhirts were that on the hiving of the 
corner-stone of the Bunker- hill ■Monument 
June 17, 182.')), and atitscom|iletion (June 17. 
1843), and the eulogy on Adams „„,| ,),.|K.,-son 
Jiily4, 1826. Ileagaiii enicivd C.n.'ress inDec' 
182.'i; made his famous speech on the Greek 
Kevol.; and as eliairman of the judi.iarv com 
reported and cnrried through the lions,' "a com- 
plete revision of tho eriiuiiial law of the U S 
In the 19th Congress he made a masterly 
speech on the projio.sed di|iloinatic Congress at 
I anama. Under the presidency of Mr Adams 
he was the leader of the friends of tli.^ adminis- 
tration,— first in the house, ami afterward inlho 
senate, of which he was a member in I827-.'19. 
Ilis great speech ill reply to Haviie, delivered 
in the senate Jan. 26 anil 27, 18;10 on Koote's 
resolution, has been declared, next to the Con- 
stitution Itself, tlie most correct and coinplcio 
exposition of the true powers and functions of 
the Federal Govt. This rcsidution related to 
the survey of the public lands; and the debate 
turned cm the n.-wly-declared doctrine of Cal- 
houn on the right of an iii.lividnal State to 
nullify an net of Congress. In 1 8.30 he received 
the electoral voto of Ms. for pies., and in 1840 
was app. by Harrison sec. of state. While in 
this post, ho negotiated the North-eastern 
boundary treaty in 1842, putting an end to a 
protracted and thrcati'iiing dispute with Great 
Britain. In tho spring of is.ii) hu visited Fn- 
ropo; in May, 1843, ho retired from Mr. Ty- 
lers cabima; was rechoseii to the senate In 
1845, and strenuously opposed tho annexaiiou 
of lexas and tho war with Mexico. In sup- 
jjortof the compromises of l.s.'io he delivered 
his celebrated speech of March 7, which by its 
concessions to tho demamlH of slavery, pioveil 
highly distasteful to a lar^'c number of 'his snp- 
[lorlers, and weakened his influence at home' 
in July, 1830, on the accession of Fillmore to 
the presidency, Mr. Webster was again made 
sec. of state, which post he lille.l at the time of 
his death. In Dee. 18.->0 the famous IlulscmaiHi 
Letter was written. Ilepjii.l mucli atteiition to 
ngriculliire, and resided luueli of the bitler iiart 
of his life at Marslilield, Ms., or at bis birth- 



"WEIB 



965 



■WEB 



place in N.H. In J«n 1S52 ha argued the im- 
poiuini Iiulia-rulibci-piitont cause at Trenton, 
his last great forensic cft'ort. Karlv in May lie 
was seriously injured by lH'in<; thrown iVoni his 
carriage near his farm in JIarshlieM, where the 
closing scenes of his life were passed. Mr. 
Webster's person was iiniwsing, of command- 
ing height, and \vell-i)roporiioncd, the head of 
great siie, the eye dee|)-scated, large, and 
lustrous, his voice powerful and sonorous, his 
action appropriate and impressive. A con- 
summate master of argument, he touched not 
less skilfully the chords of feeling. Ou groat 
occasions, with or without pivparation, he had 
no superior. He was ivmarkaldy fond of lield- 
sports, particularly fishing, and wsvs a good 
shot. The most complete edition of his col- 
lectini works was that of ISal, in 6 vols. Svo. 
A Jlemoir ly Heorgc T. Curtis, bis literary ex- 
ecutor, app. in 2 vols. 1869-70. Edw.vkd his 
second son, major of Ms. vols., d. in the city of 
Mexico 1S47. Ki.ktcuku his vounirest .-on, col. 
12tli Ms. Vols. (b. I'ortsmouih, X.H., Julv 23, 
1S13, H.U. IS33). fell in battle near Bull Kun, 
Va.,Aug. 30, ISt;2; sec. of legation to China 
lS4;!-o ; sui vovorof the port of Boston lS50-tiI . 

Webster,' Hon.vch;, M.D. (U. of Pa. li*50), 
LL.U. (Kenv. Coll. 1842; Col. Coll. 1849), 
educator, b. Vt. 1795 ; d. Geneva, N.Y., 12 Julv, 
1871. West V. 1818. Assist, prof, of inatii. 
there from 1818 until his resig. 31 Dec. 1825 ; 
prof, of math, ami nat. philos. Geneva Coll., 
S'.Y., 1825— »8 ; principal of Kree Acad., N.Y. 
City (now Coll. of N.'i.), since 19 July, IS4S; 
ami prof of moral, intell., ami polii. philos. there. 

Webster, I-iei't.-Col. J.vmks, a gallant 
British soldier, b. ab. 1743; d. March, 1781. of 
a wound received at the battle of Guilford 
Mar. 14. Son of Alex, Webster, D.l)., an 
eminent Edinburgh divine. Major 33d Foot, 
Feb. 1771 ; ilisiini;. in Cornwallis's armv in 
the South ; active in the operations in N.it. in 
1777; at Verplanck'sl'oint, 1778; and at Cam- 
den com. Cornwallis's right wing. 

Webster, Jons, gov. of Ct. 1656; d. 
Hadloy, 5 Apr. 1661. A principal settler of 
Hartford, ho was a magistrate in 1639-55 ; dep.- 
gov. 1655; and in 1659, with Rev. Mr. Kus- 
sell and his associates, purchased and settled 
the territory now included in the towns of 
Hadlev, lliiilield, Granby, and Amhcrsit, Ms. 

Webster, Joiix White, prof, of chemistry 
and mineralogv Me<l. School in Boston con- 
nected with H."U. (1S27-J9), b. Boston, May 
20, 1793; hung for ihe tnurder of Dr. George 
Parkman, Aug. 30, 18.'>0. H.U. 1811. In 1849 
Hr. Parkman called at the colle;;e to collect a 
debt of long standing from Webster, who, 
irritated by the laugnage of the <loiior, struck 
him a fatal blow, and endeavored to conceal 
the body. He pub. a manual of chemistry, 
and a ilescripiiim of the Ubniil of St. Michael, 
1821 ; edited -'Play bur's Liebig's Chemistry;" 
and was coH'ditor of the Boston Join-, of' Philos. 
ami Alls, l,<i23-6. 

Webster, Gtix. JosEnt Dw.*, b. Old 

Hampton, Nil.. Aug. 25, 1811. Uartm. Coll. 
18.'!2. He becaine a civil engr. ; was app. 2d 
lieiit. topog. cngrs. Julv 7, 1838; 1st lieut. 
July, 1849; capt. Marc^i, 1853. He served 
with disiinetiou through the Mexican war, but 



resigned in Apr. 1854, nnd settled in Chicago 
In Apr. 1861 took charge of the foriilieationi 
at Cairo, III., aud at Paducah; in Feb. 1S62 
he becaine col. 1st 111. Art., and was prcMUt 
at the captui-e of Forts Henry and Douelson. 
At the battle of Shiloh he had charge of all 
the artillery, aud received the highest conimen- 
dation in lion. Grant's official report. Chief 
of Gen. Gnnit's staft" until Oct. 1862, when ho 
was detailcil by the war dept. to ntake a sui^ 
vey of the 111." and Mich. Canal ; made bri^.- 
gen. of vols. Oct. 14, 1862. Chief of siatf to 
Gen. Sherman; was with Gen Thoutas at 
Hood's defeat before Nashville in Dee. 1864 ; 
was with Sherman in his march to the sea ; 
and was made bRV. maj.-gen. in 1S65. 

Webster, No.\ii, LL.D. (.Y. c. iS23), 

philolo'.;ist ami publicist, b. \V. Hartford, Ct., 
Oct. 16. 1758; d. N. Haven. May 2,<. 1843. 
Y.C. 1778. His ancestor John was one of the 
first settlers of Hartford, lie served under his 
father, a capt. of militia, during the campaign 
of 1777. Adm. to the bar in 1781, but in 1782 
opened a classical school at Goshen, N.Y. In 
1783 he pub. at Hartford his '• First I'art of a 
Grammatical Insiiiute of the English Lan- 
guage," followed by a 2d and 3d part in iho 
next 2 years. " The American Spelling-Book " 
was pub. in 178.') ; also " Winthrop's Journal." 
which' had till then reniained in MS. Ha 
al.so began some politieni essays in the Cl. dii- 
I1JH/. pub. in 1 785 as '■ Sketches of American 
Policy." The same year, ho visited the South- 
ern States to pixx'uro the enactment of State 
copyright laws ; in 17S6 he delivered a course 
of lectures in the |n'incipal American cities 
on the English language, pub. in 1789 under 
the title of ■' Dissertations on the English lan- 
guage ; " in 1787 he taught an acad. at I'hila., 
and, after the Const. Coiiv. adjourned, pub. an 
" Examination of the Leading; Princi|)les of the 
Federal Constitution;" in 1788 he pub. in 
N, York for one year, at a heavy loss, the 
Amn: Mw/. Ueturuing to Hartfoixl in 1789. 
he pmctised law successfully lor some years, 
but in 1 793, at the renuest of the administration, 
established lor its support in New York a dai- 
ly called the Minnni, to which he soon added 
a semi-weekly called the Ileralil : these were 
subsequentlv known as tho Commerrial Adttr- 
(istr and S.Y. Sjtfchitor. His papers, signed 
" Curtius," alilv vindicated Jay s treaty. He 
removed to N. Haven in 1798, and in 1799 pub. 
" A Brief History of Epidemics and Pesti- 
lential Diseases," 2 vols. 8vo ; in 1802 he puli. 
a work on the rights of neutrals in time of 
war, and " Hist. Notices of the t)rigin and 
State of Banking Insiifutions and Insurance 
Ortices;"aiid in 1807 his "Philosophical and 
Praetic;d Graunnar of the English Lan;;uat;e." 
He had in 1806 pub. a " Compendi..u? Dic- 
tionary;" and in 1807 hecommcnciil ilie great 
labor of his life, — a. Dictionary of the English 
Language. Tho first edition ap|x'ared in 1928 
in 2 vols. 4to, a second in 1840 in 2 vols, 
rov. 8vo. While preparing this work, ho re- 
moved to Amherst, >ls.. and was one of Iho 
most active foumlcrs of the Amh. College. He 
also represented the town several years in tho 
Slate legisl. In New Haven he had been olten 
a member of the legisl., a judge of one of tht 



■WER 



0G6 



WKE3 



State courts, ami one of tlic iildeiiiK'n of the 
lilV. He returned there in lSi2, and visited 
Kiirope in 1828. Early in 184.'i lie pul). "A 
C(dloctii)ii of Pajjor^ on Politicid, lyiternry, and 
Moial Siihjei'ts," and an elalioraur treatise on 
" 'I'lir tSii)i|)os('d Clian^'e in tlie 'l'ein))Ciatnre 
of Winter." ' His last literary labor was the 
revision of the Appendix to his Dietionnry, 
which he completed only a few <lays liefnre his 
ileath. Of ilio " Kleinciitary .Spellinj;-IJook " 
ncar'y 5ii,00u,lM0 copies have been sold ; and, 
dnriri;; the preparation of the Dictionary, the 
entire snp|iort of his family was derived from 
its copyright. His Dictionary has been revised 
since his death by his son-in-law, Prof. Good- 
rich and others. Dr. W.'s other works are a 
"History oltfic U.S.," revised in 1838; "Letters 
to a Y'onnu' Cicntleman comincncin;; his Edu- 
cation," 182.3; "Manual of Useful Studies," 
18.'!2 ; " The Prompter; " and a " History of 
Animals." — Allibone. 

Webster, Put-ATiAH, political writer, b. 
Lebanon, Ct., 172.'); d. Phila. Sept. 179.5. 
Y.C. I74G. lie studied thcolocy,and preached 
at Greenwich, Ms., in the winter of 1748-9; 
was alterward a merchant in Phila. ; was an 
active Whi;j; during the Revol., an<l suffered 
both in person and estate, having been confined 
in the city jail 132 days. In Oct. I77G he 
pnb. his first essay, urging taxation for the re- 
deni))tion of Cont. money; in 1779-8.') he ))ub. 
a scries of " Essays on Free Trade and Fi- 
nance;" in 1783 "A Dissertation on the Po- 
litical Union and Constitution of the 13 Unit- 
ed States of N. A. ;" in 1791 ho pub. "Po- 
litical lissays on the Nature and Operation of 
Money, Public Finances," &c., 8vo, Philadel- 
phia. — /Jinjrl:inrk. 

Webster, Kiev. llicii.vRi), Prcsb. clergv- 
man, b. Alljaiiv, 14 Jnlv, ISU ; d. Maueh 
Chunk, I'a., 19June, 18ri6. Un. Coll. 1829. 
Priiicet. Sem. 1834. Son of Charles U. Wel>- 
ster, bookseller of Albany. Ord, 29 Apr. IS.').') ; 
jiastor of .Maueh Chunk until his death. Au- 
thor ot " Ili..t. ol the Presb. Church," 8vo, I8.">(>. 

Wedderburne, Ai.k.x.vxdkk, Baron 

Lou-hborou-h (17.'<0) and Earl of Hosslyii 
(1801), b. Edinburgh, Feb. 13, 1733 ; d. Bayles, 
Berkshire, Jan. 3, 1805. U. of Edinburgh. Ho 
was called to the Scottish bar at 19; removed 
to London ; entered the InnerTetnple in 1753 ; 
wa- adm. to the English bar in 1757 ; and was 
specially disting. in the great Douglas case in 
1769-9. As a member of parliatncnt he was 
an able supporter of Grcnville aiul Lord North; 
became sohciror-gcn. Jan. 21), 1771, and was 
conspicnons in defence of Loril Clive. In Jan. 
1774, wIru the jjctitiTm of .Massachusetts for 
the removal (jf Hutchinson and <Jliver was laid 
before the i)rivy council, Wedderburne defended 
them in u Hpeeeh in whi'h he made a gi'oss and 
insulting attack uixjn Franklin, the agent of 
the petitioners. In 1778 lie was made atty.- 
gcn.. and in 1780 chief justice C. C. P. ; in 
April, I'.S3, he a.ssisted North in f.jrming the 
famous coalition ministry, in whicli he was the 
first eoinmiss. of the great .seal. In Jan. 27, 
179.3-1 HOI, ho was lord high chanecllor under 
Mr. Pitt. When George IH. heard that he 
was (lead, he reinarkcd, " Ho lias not left a 
greater knave behind him in my dominiuns." 



Weed, C.KH. Stei'Iien H., b. N.V. 1834; 
killed at liettysburg. Pa., July 2, 1803. A 
graduate of the N.Y. Free Acad, West Point, 
1854. Served against the Western Indians 
1857-GO; ami, when the Kebcllion broke out, 
was made a capt. of artillery. He served under 
MeClellan on the Peninsula, at Manassas, at 
South Jlountain, and Antietain ; and was 
made brig. -gen. 6 June, 18()3, for gallantry 
at Chaneellorsville, Va. At the time of his 
death, he com. the 3d brigade of regulars. 

Weed, Tili.HLOW, journalist and ]ioliti- 
cian, b. Cairo, N.Y., Nov. 15, 1797. At 10 he 
was a cabin-bov upon the Hudson Hiver; at 12 
he entered a printingotlice at Catskill ; was em- 
ployed in several dillerent newspa]ier-olliees ; 
was a vol. on the northern frontier in the war 
of 1812; established a newsiiapcr in his own 
name on coming of age; edited the Anti-Ma- 
sonic Km/itirer in 182G-7 ; and was twice elect- 
ed to the Assembly. His tact as a party man- 
ager, and his services in 1827-30 in securing 
the election of De Witt Cliiihm as gov., led to 
hi.s selection as a eonipetent person to oppo.sc 
to the " Albany Ucgcucy," a body who had the 
inanagenuMit of the Denioc. party in N.Y. In . 
18.30 he accordingly removed to Albanv, and 
assumed the ciliturship of the Alliany /■!riiiiir; 
.Imiruiil. Although a leader, lirst of the Whig, 
and afterward of the Uepublican |jarty, he de- 
clined all political ofliee. He was prominent 
in ]u-oeuring the nominations of Harrison in 
183G and 1840, of (icti. Taylor in 184:<, and of 
Gen. Scott in 1852. He warmly uilvoeated the 
election of Fremont in I85G, and of Liueolii in 
ISGO, although he had advwated the nomina- 
tion of Mr. Seward. He lisited lairope in 
Nov. 18G1 in a semi-diplomatic capacity; re- 
turned home in June, I8G2, and shortlv after- 
ward withdrew from the Joiiniul. ifc pulj- 
lislied " Letters from Europe and the West 
Indies," 8vo, 180G ; Keiniuiseenees, in the Al- 
tmilic .\[onllilij, 1870; and has contributed to 
periodicals. 

Weedon, Gkn. (iKonon, Revol. officer, 
was an inid;eeper and posiuia.ster of Fredericks- 
burg, Va., and an iielive and zealous politi- 
cian before the war. Made lieut.-col. ,3(1 Va. 
Uegt. Feb. 13, col. 1st Kegt. 12 Aug., 1776; 
and 24 Feb., 1777, brig.-gen. He was in the 
battles of Brandywine and Gornianto\fn, but, 
in con.se(|ncnee of some dissatisfaction about 
rank, left the .service while the army was at 
Valley Forge. At Brandywine he commanded 
the brigade in Gi-eene's division which niidered 
such valuable service by stopping the l!riti-li 
jiursuit, and saving the n'aited army. He re- 
snnied the com. of a brigade in I"."!), and com. 
the Va. niililiaat GloueestiT during the siege 
of Vorklown in Oct. 1781. 

Weeks, John .M., b. Liichlicld, Ct., 22 
May, 17MH; d. Salisburv, Vt. (whither his 
parents removed in I7S9)", I Se])t. 1858. Au- 
thor of " Manual on Bees," 1854; "History 
of Salislairy, \^t.," with Memoir of the au- 
thor, 18G(). Inventor of the Vt. Beehive 
(Ik:1()); II coutrib. to agrie. journals ; and left 
iu .MS. a lli.tory of the Five Natiims. 

Weenas, .Mahon L., an eccentric clergy- 
man and author, b. Dumfries, Va. ; d. Beau- 
fort, ij.C, May 23, 1825. IIu studied llivoluifv 



■U'EI 



9G1 



■WEIL, 



i;i Lonvlon, aiul was many veal's nxnor of Mt. 
ViMiiou |viri>h (at the time \V.-i>liin::ti>n at- 
loiulol tlioiv), and suUs».H)>ientl_v a liookaiiont 
lur il:ii;liew Carey of I'liila. He (i-avellal 
oxtcKsivvly over the Suutliorn States in this 
c»|u>citv, iiiiii;;!!))^ wiih the |«\)ple at hir^ 
assemblies ami at eourts. drawiiij; crviwiis of 
1 isteiu-i's, whom he wouM adilivss u|k)ii the 
uurits of his works, iiuer>jier>iiijj his iviuarks 
with aiioc»lo;es and hiimoi\>«s si.ilies. lie 
wi-oie and sold a pamphiet eniitleil " Tha 
I'luukarvl's I.iookio'^-lilass." illusiniial liy 
c:its. With this in hand, he eiitoretl tavorns, 
and, aililrussin^ the inniati-s, wunid mimic 
iho cxn-.ivajjanees of an ineliri.^te, aiii sell ilie 
)'.'iniph!::t. lie was a man of much iKMievolenee 
and wit. Author of Lives of Marion, Fr-.mk- 
lin, IVnn, ami Washington, the latter of whieh 
jKisseil tjir»uiih;>0or40idilions. Othersol his 
li-aots Wire " Hymen's Kvciniiins !>ei>i<>ant," 
■■ God's Kevcn-^e asptinst Mnnler.'' " G«l's 
Kevensic au-ainst Adulterv." Kor liis " Life of 
.Marion," lloiry, one of Marion's coniiiauioiiss 
tiirni^hitl the facts. The rviraantic maiinor in 
whitli his statcnienis were servevl np l«l to a 
conv<|i. iHtwivn the two authors. 

■Weightman, Col. Kiohard H.issos, 
b. Md. : killed at the battle of Wilson's Cnvk, 
Jlo., .\ui;. li', 1S61. Son of Gen. Wci^htnian. 
Kx|Klirtl from West I'oiui in April. IS.'!7. for 
cntiin<; a br«;her-cadet in the law in a }K-rsonal 
rxneouuter. With the same knifi; he killed ilie 
Santa Fe trader. F. X. X:iul>r«'y. in a quarrel. 
I'apl. of Mo. art., and distiiii:. under Col, 
IKuiipaan at the b.a'tile of Sacriiraenio. Mex. ; 
] .aymastcr L'.S.V. l$4S-9; piwis. U.S. sena- 
tor from X, w Mex. 1^50; M.C. fivm X. Mex. 
ISJl-3; col. Mix State Guani; distini;. at 
Cartlia'.^.- 5 Julv, 1S61; and com. a brispide at 
WiNon's Creek. 

Weir, J.KMKS. U Gretnville, Ky.. 1S21. 
Au:lior of " Lena Povrers." a romance, ISoO ; 
"Simon Kenton," I'SJS; " Winter Lodirw" a 
scvjuci, 1#54; ■■ Saere»i and Profane Liieraturv." 
A so prose and jK»'iry in pcrioilieals. — .1/- 

Weir, UoBKRT Walter, painter, b. Xcw 
Kwhcde, X. v., June IS. ISOS, At the .sjre of 
1 J \>c iHvanie a (viinter. After a 3-yeai-s' rcsi- 
dcne« in Italy, he returneti home in I $27; 
pi-aciised his art in X.Y. ; was prof, of per- 
spivtive in the Xat. .\ead. of Desiu'n, lS.'<l>-4 ; 
and S May. lS3-t. sncv«-\Kii C. K. Leslie as 
iiKimcior in drawinj; at West Point, which 
pi.vi lie still holds. Anion:: his works aro 
•■ The Kmtfcvrkation of tbe Pii^irims." in th« 
i\<tiinda of the ea|i1tol at Washinsiion, " He»l 
Jacket," " The .\niiquary introtlnciii;: IaivcI 
to Ills Womankind."" Boi'irlKin's Last Marvh." 
•• TlivLiindiiijrof Hendriefc Hudson,"" Colnra- 
biis iH'forw the Council of Salamanca." " The 
I'dian Captivi-s," ■■ The Pn-scntatiou in the 
•I'cmple," " The HyiuK Givefc," " The Old 
Mer»-hant," " IVvoUon," and " The Taking 
ol the Veil." 

Weiss, Kkv. John, b. Biviton. June, ISIS. 
11. i'. IS."i7. He has liecn |v.i-tor of a Cnit, 
chiprh at X. Bwllorvl, and at Wanrtown, .Ms , 
where he now ivMdcs. uitlioiit any svtil.-d 
chanje. Tran.-.l,. with F. S, Siallkiurht, of 
•• OrtcrJinyvn," IS4S; author of "Thefhilo*. 



and .Ksihclie Work< of Schiller," 1.^4.->: "Life 
and Corres|>. of The". Parker," 2 vo ~. Svo, 
1S64: •"American l{cli;;ioii," lS7i'; and •'*mi>. 
sermons and addivsH'S. Cvniirilinted to inaiiv 
inajjailncs and |xriodicaIs. Livtiiivr on v.iii- 
ous topii-s. inelndiii}: old mvtlis. 

WeiSSenfdlS, Fkkukkiok H.. baron de, 
b. Prussia; d. X. Orleans, May 14, IS06. a. 78. 
He had kvn an otficx-r in the Hriiisli service; 
setlk^l in Duche-s t'o,, X.Y.. in 17M; npp. 
licut.-ivl. 3d X.Y. Ivatt. Mar. S. 177ii . nfl.T- 
wal^ls com. the 2d X.Y. ball, at While Plains, 
Tiviiton, at the snrivniler of IJaruovne, an I in 
the luittle of .Mo- inouih. He 'ac"oinp. Sul- 
livan's extK>l. in 177'.>, and fiMi;;hi at Xcwiown. 
lni|i\ivcri>lK-d by the war. he lilUnl a minor 
ollice in the police at ilie time of his death. — 

Weitzel («ii'-mI), Gk.\. Goufukv, b. 

Cincinnati. O.. Xov. 1. IS.'iS. West Point (2i 
in his class). lS.i.i. Bivv. 2d lictit olen'.;rs.; Isl 
lient. Julv I, 1S60: eapt. Mar. ;$, ISfi:!; miij. 
An-. S. rSG6. Altaehiil to the staff of Gen. 
Butler in the dept. of the Gull, he bcianic assi-t, 
military com. and aetiiii; mayor of X. t.>i leans 
alter its capture ; bri:;.j:eii. of vols. 29 .\u.;. 
1S62: maj.-iicn. 17 Xov. 1S64; Oct. 27. ISC2, 
routeil a lar.;e foa-e of the enemy at Uibadie- 
viile. for wlii. h he was brcv. maj. U.S.A. I!o 
i-om. the advam-e in Gen. Banks's oiH'i-aiions in 
April-May, 1S63 ; was at the sies.a; ainlcapturu 
of Port Hudson: com. division l!}:h ci<ri>s ia 
the LafonixMie and West La. eauipais;ns. July- 
Dee. IStiS : i-om. 2d div. ISlh i-orps, and chief 
cngr. Army of the J.imes, .\Iay-Scpt. ISSJ ; 
was chief cngr with Gen. Butler in ilie opera- 
tions near Peicr>bur;.: and Kichinond. Va. ; 
com. the ISth cor)is, and l^ pulsed aitack on 
Fort llarrison. Sept SO, ISiU: and fi\.m IKe. 
to 4 Feb. lS6o com. the i.'nh colored e<ir|>s ; 
secvind in com. of first exjKTi. to Foi t Fi>lier. 
Eiijia^il in the tinal operations aiMund Kich- 
niond, lie tirst enlereil that city. Apr. ."{, ISiJi. 
Brtvs. of col. S July. 1SG3. for Port Hudson, 
brij. and maj. !>>n. U Mar. ISiia, — CuHhih. 

Welby, Amki.ix B. (Cori'CCK), jMM-tess, b. 
St. M:chacls, Md., Feb. 3. 1S19 : d, Lonisvi.le, 
Ky., May 3, 1SJ2. She rcniovcrl with licr fa- 
ther to the West in I S."U. and r.-sidcd ai Lc.x- 
iu.utoii and Louisville, where she was in. to Mr. 
Gixirp.' Welby in IS.'iS. Her liist p,>em was 
contrib. to the LouisrU'f JowmiJ in IS."J7. Tho 
lirst colleciion of her jhk-ius was pub. Bjs:cn, 
1S45, the second in 1S46, and the latest i i ISCO. 
"Poems bv Amelia " were pub. in ISoO, iilii- 
irattNl by 1^. W Weir. 

Welch, Kbv. Bartholomew Trow, 
D.n., a Baptist preacher of great elo.iucnce, 
K Bivston, 24 Sept. 1794; d. Xew;onviilo, 
X.Y.. 9 IX-c. IS70. He cnter.d the luiuis.Ty 
in IS24: W!»s sctllctl in Albany in ISJ — »'■; 
and in lS4.<-54 was pastor of the IVrrepont- 
stn>t Chuieh, BrvHjklvn, Xcw York. 

Wold, Horatio' Hastincs. b. Bo.<ton, 
ISU. Snne years a prin;ir. then rtiiior of 
ioumals in Lowell. Boston. X.Y., and Philo. 
lias conirih. largely to the iKri.Hlic'.l pn-s. 
Adm. to orilcrs in ibe IVit.-Liiisc. Ch. 1M5. 
Author of " Corrcetcl Pivwi's," 1S37 ; " E in. 
Frauk.in. an Autob.." 1 S49 ; "Life of Chrisi. ' 
1S50; "Scripiiuv Quotatiou.s," iSoO; " Sacred 



"WEL 



968 



■WEL 



Po-iic;il Quotations," 1851 ; " Star of Bethle- 
hcTii, I S52, &c. — Allilmie. 

Weld, Isaac, son of Isaac of Dublin b 
there 1774; d. 1856. In his vouth lie tmvl 
ciled extensively in Ameriea and Europe; was 
56 years eonueeted with the. Roval Dublin So- 
ci tv, of wlueh he was Ion- sec", and vice-pre*. 
Authorof Travels throu-h Nor;h AnicTiea 
l.'Jo-,, Lond.,4to, 1799; "Illustrations of 
tlie bcenery ot Ki.lanicv," &c., iso? —Alli- 
boni . 

Welde, Thomas, firat minister of Rox- 
biny, .M>. ; d. En-. 2.3 M:ir. 16GI. Camb. U 
En-., 161.3-18. Ho was a minister in Tcrlino-' 
Essex, before coiuin- to Aiuniea. Arriviii.. m 
Boston. June 5, 16.32, in .lulv he took the pas- 
toral eaiv of the eliureh in Eoxbury. In 1639 
he assisted .Masher and E.io' in inakin" " The 
ruuelul N\ w-En-land Vereion of the Psalms " 
S-nt 1.1 1641 with HuM-h Peters to En-, as an 
a-ent tor the provmej, lie never returned. Ho 
settled at Gateshead, but w.;s ejceted in 166" 
Author of •' An Answer to W. R.'s Narration 
ot the 0['nnoiis ami Praeliees of the N E 
Chureh.s, • 1644. He re;.ub , with a pretaee; 
and an ad.lress to the reader, an anonymous 
work, elmu^in- its n:\' to "A Short Storv of 
the l.is ■. Ko,-n, and Ruin ofthe Antinonuans 
^anu.isLs, and Lil.ertines that infected the 
tliur.hes ot .N.E.," 4to, 1644. His son Thom- 
as, uauister of Dunstable, d. KO' a 50 
n.'^^^F/'-, •^P"'' ^■' ^""'O'^- p'olitieian, b. ' 
Ohio. M.C. m 1839-45; was lieut.K'ol. of 
Morgan s O ,v-t. (June 22, 1S46), which ho 
com. on the tall ot the col. in battle of Monte- 
rey; was the first U.S. comraiss. to Mexico un- 
der the treaty of Guadalou|.e-IIi<b,!,ro; and 
havina- taken up Ids residence in Cal., was U S 
senator in 1851-7; gov. i:, 1858-60; app. raiu- 
^t.r to Mexico, p.c. 1860; delegatJ'to the 
Utiica-o Convention in 1864. 

Welles, GiDEOx, sec. U.S.N. 1861-9 b 
Gla^tenbury, Ct., July 1, 1802. Descendc-d 
Irom 1 hu.uiis the first treasurer, and aftcnvard 
gov. ot Ct. He studied at the Episc. Aead. in 
Chcsliii-e and at the Nor«icIi U. Studied liw 
'i's^fi\ '^'''^ Williams and Ellsworth; and in 
nl.-T'-i^^ editor and a proprietor of the 
Uartjor.l Tun's, a Deinoe. paper. He advo- 
cated the election of .lackson to the presidencv 
was a membT of the le-isl. in 1827-35- was 
then app. comptroller of ])ul)lic accounts' was 
postmaster of Hartford 1836-41 ; was State 
comptroller in 1842; and in 1846-9 was chief 
01 one ot the bureaus of the navv dept. He 
give up i!ie in.ina-em-nt of the Tims in 1837 
H(^ opposed the introduction of slavery into 
n. w terniory, and became identified with the 
l^epuh. party on Its or;rauization in 1855 and 
was .hairuian of the Ct. delegation at the Chi- 
cago Coiiv. lu 1860. For nearly .30 years he 
was a ireijueut eontrib. to tlie f;/;^,^and Union, 
T\aslnngton. Am„«7 /W, N.V., and, since 
IbJb, 10 the Ilatifoid Prrss. 

Welling, James C, LED., pres. of Co- 
lumiu O.ll.. D.C. (inducted 6 Nov. 1871) b 
Irenton, N..r., I4July,1825. N. J. Coll. 1844' 
Kemovmg to N.V. City in 1848, he became 
correspondent and lit. editor of the Xot Inhlli- 
9'Hf_r,o( Washington, D.C. ; was a.ssoc. ed. in 
18ja-.Jan. 1865; and was its princii)al con- 



ductor during tht ciril war. In 1866 he vis- 
m-d Euro,,e for his health. Pns. of St. John's 
Col .,Arin|.polis,Md., Sept. lS(,7-70; and was 
prof, of belles-lettres lu N.J. Coll. in 1870-1. 
Dr. W. has contrib. to the -V. .1. /,\„v«. and 
other literary periodicals, and is said to be now 
engaged on the "Eife and Times" of the late 
Ji'resKlent Buchanan. 

Well.s, David Ames, b. Sprinrfeld, Ms 
Jnne, 1 828. Wms. Coll. 1 847 ; Camb. Scient! 
Schoo, 1851. Assist, prof Camb. Scientific 
bcliool 18al-2; engaged in practical chemis- 
trj- in Boston with Dr. A. A. Haves in 1853- 
5; patented in 1856 several impibvcments in 
bleaehing ; in 1857-8 was a memi.erof the lub- 
hshingfinn of G. P. Putnam & Co.; vi'itcd 
Eunipem 1862 and again in 1867 on a mission 
by the L .S. govt. ; special U.S. commiss. ivve- 
nue 1866-70. CoK.ditor " History of AVilliams 
Coll., 1847; cditorof'Things not Oui rally 
Known. i;c. ; " Annual of Scientific Discov- 
ery, 1850-65; author of " Report on the Soils 
of the Scioto Valley," 1851; "On Flax" 
1854; "Year -Book of A-rricnlture," 1856- 
FauHhar Science," 1856; "Science of Com- 
mon Thmgs, '1857; "Elements of Nat. Phi- 
los^. 1857; " Principles of Chemistry," l; 58- 
1 rineiph s of Geology," 1861 ; " OuV Burden 
and Our Strength," 1864. Contrib. to many 
scientific periodicals. 

Wells, HoKACE, dentist, one of the claim- 
ants of the discovery of ana;silusia, b. Hart- 
ford, \t., .Jan. 21. 1815; d. N. Y. City, .Tan 
24, 1848. After an academical edueation.^e 
Ocgan the study of dentistry in Boston in 1834 
but riMuoved to Hartford in 1836. As carlv as 
1840 he experimented upon the possibility of 
preyi'ntmg pain in dental opei-aiions by varioi-s 
narcotics. In 1844 he us, d ui(rous-6xidc -as 
siicccsstnlly for the extraction of leith, and in 
Dee. I.-;44 ad(ln>sscd the medieal class of Dr 
\V arren in Bo.ston on the subject. After the 
application of Drs. Jackson and Morron for 
a patent, in Sept. 1846, Dr. Wells sailed for 
ii ranee, and sneeeedcd in couvinciu- the Medi- 
cal Society of Paris that he had made a valua- 
lile diseovt n-, as is shown by re-olutions adopted 
by them after a S-days' discussion. He returned 
111 the spring of 1847, and in Manli pub. a his- 
tory ot his discovery. Theconlrovirsy which 
ensued iiu]>aired his already cnf.ebled health 
and produced mental aberraiion, under the iuflu- 
euce of which he committed siiii ide. The evi- 
dence of his claim was jilaced before Con-rvsg 
m IS.W by Hon. Truman Smith, and wa.s'sui)- 
scquently pub. under the title of "An Exami- 
nation of the Question of Ana-.sth' ^ii " \ Y 
\Sf>0.—S,e also, irt." Morton, 11'. T G"' 

Wells, Samiel, gov. 1856-7. and some 
years .,m|^. t^up. Court, of Me., b. N.H. alwut 
I80d; d. Boston, 15 Julv, 1868. 

Wells, William Charles. M.D. (U of 
E.lmb. 17^0). F.R.S. (1793), u.aturalist, b. 
Charleston, S.C. May, 1757; d. Sept 18 H17 
^"" of Kobert, bookseller of Charleston, pub.' 
of the (,avtte. and a loyalist, who pub. a trav- 
esty of Virgil; d. Load. 1794, a. 66. After 
completing bis studi s abroad, ho n-tumed to 
Clinrleston early in 1781, and, while there, acted 
at the same time as a printer, a bookselKr,and 
a merchant. In Dec. 1 782, on his arrival with 



969 



"WER 



tho kiii<;'s troops at St. Augustine, E. Flu., he 
edited the lii-st weekly newspaper that had ap- 
peared in tliat province, and also bei'anie ca|it. 
of loyalist vols.; in 1784 he settled in Loud., 
and ill ITS'^ was adm. a licentiate of the Coll. 
of Physieiaus; in 1 790 he was elected physieian 
to the Finsliury Dispensary ; in 1 798 assist, phy- 
sician to, and'iu UOO one of the phvsieiaiis of, 
St. Tlioiuas's Hospital. His cch l.niird e>say 
on Dew app. in Aug. 1S14, and estalilished his 
philos. reputation. In the same year he was 
adm. a merahor of tho Royal Soc. of Edinb. ; 
and in Itfie was presented by the Koyal Soc. 
of London with the gold and silver Kumlord 
medals. He also puli. in 1792 an essay npon 
Single Vision with Two Eyes, and in"l7bO-l 
several small politieal pieces without his name, 
and an account of Henry Laurens, \inder the 
signature of " JX;u-ius," in" the Pubtir .Ulvirtim r. 
A vol. of his works, containing essavs on Vis- 
ion and Dew, was puli. in London iu 1816. 

Wells, WiLLUM H.\KVET, b. ToUaud, Ct., 
1812. Some time principal State Norm. School, 
Wcstlield, Ms. ; subseq. supt. public schools, 
Chicago. Author of " Grammar of the Eng. 
Lang.," 1846; "Eleni. Eult. Grammar," 1848; 
" Graded Coui-se of Instr.'," 1862. Editor Ms. 
Teacher. Contrib. to cduc. journals. — Allihnne. 

Wells, William Vincent, author, b. 
Boston, .Jan: 2, 1826. Educated in the Boston 
schools; afterward in themenhant-scTvice.and 
4 times wrecked; and went in 1''4'.) to Calilbr- 
nia, where he built and com. the first steamboat 
seen there. He pub. " Walker's Expedition to 
Nicaragua," 1856 ; " E.xplorations and Adven- 
tures in Honduras," 1857 ; and "Life of Sam- 
uel Adams " (his ancestor), .3 vols. 8vo, 1865, 
with his letters, writings, and State papers. 
Mr. Wells has owned and edited several news- 
papers in San Francisco. Coutrib. to Ilariter's 
Jl'ir/. and WeeUi/; and corrcs]). from abroad 
witli various journals. Late consul-gen. at 
Honduras. — lJiii/el:iiirL: 

Wemyss, Francis Courtkev, actor and 
manager, b. London, May 13, 1797 ; d. New 
York," Jan. 5, 1859. He app. at the Adclphi, 
London, Apr. 2, 1821 ; and made his de'lmt at 
the Chcstnut-st., Phila., Dec. II, 1822, as Vap- 
id in " The Dramatist." Author of " Chro- 
nology of the Amer. Stage," 12mo, 1852; "26 
Years of the Life of -.lu Actor and Manager," 2 
vols. 1S47. He edited the "Minor Drama," 7 
vols. 12ino. 

Wendell, John L., reporter N.Y. Sup. 
Court, b. 1784; d. Hartford, Ct., 13 Dec. 1861. 
Author of the Law Reports of N.Y. 1828-41, 
26 vols ; "Digest Sup. Court Reports 1828- 
35," 8vo, 1836. 

Wentworth, Benking, gov. of N. H. 
(1734-67), oldest son of Lieut.-GoT. John of 
Dover, b. Portsmouth, N.IL, July 24, 1696; 
d. there Oct. 14, 1770 U.U. 1715. lie was 
a merchant ; frequently a representative in the 
Assembly; and was app. a councillor, Oct. 
12, 17,34. In 1749 he commenced making 
prants of land on the W. side of the Ct. River, 
in what is now Southern Vt. This domain 
WHS claimed liy NY., occasioning the collision, 
so famous in the history of Vt., respecting the 
" New-Hampshire t Jrants." The town of Ben- 
nington, Vt., was named in his honor. He 



pave to Dartm. Coll. 500 acres of land, on 
which its buildings were erecti'd. 

Wentworth, Col. John, jurist, b. Dover 
NIL, 30 .Mar. 1719; d. 17 May, 1781. Grcat^ 
grandson of Wm. of Dover. Member legisl. 
1768-75, and .speaker in 1771 ; chainuan of the 
Kevol. com. of eorresp., and prcs. of the first 
couv. held in 1774; State councillor 1776-81 ; 
judge of C.C.P. for Straflbrd Co. 1 77.3-6 ; and 
judge Sup. Coiu-t 1776-81. Hi-i sou .John, 
Jun. (b. 17 July, 1745, d. Dover, 10 Jan, 1787, 
U.U. 1768), was an active Revol. patriot; 
member legisl. 1776-80; member com. of safe- 
ty ; delcg. to the Cont. Congress 1778-9, and a 
signer of the Art. of Confed. ; councillor 1780- 
4, and senator 1 784-7. 

Wentworth, Sik John, LL.D. (Oxon. 
1766), gov. N.II. 1766-75, hart. 1795, b. Ports- 
mouth, N.IL, 9 Aug. 1737; d. Halifax, N.S., 
SApr. 1820. II. U. 1755. Son of Murk Ilunk- 
ing, councillor of N.II., who d. 27 Dee. 1785, 
and nephew of Gov. Bemiing. Sent in 1765 to 
Eng. as agent of the Province, he attracted the 
favorable notice of the Marquis of Rocking- 
ham, who procured him bis app. of gov. ; also 
that of surveyor of the king's woods iu Amer., 
worth .£700 per annum. At the outbreak of 
the Revol. in 1775, he went to Eng. Lieut. -gov. 
of Nova Scotia 14 May, 1792-1 80S. He gave 
its charter to Dartm. Coll., encouraged the 
agric. and promoted the settlement of N.H., 
and ]ios<essed talents of a high order. In 1 769 
he m. liis cousin Mrs. Atkinson. Their son, 
Sir CiiAitLi;s Mauy, d. April, 1844. 

Wentworth, John, LL.D. (Dartm. Coll. 
1867), journalist and politician, grandson of 
.John, jun., b. Sandwich, N.IL, March 5, 1815. 
Dartm. Coll. 1836. Removed to III. in Oct. 
1836, and edited the Cliimijo Dnnurnil till .July, 
1861. In 1841 he studied law at Camb. Law 
School; was adm. to the bar in 1841; and 
was M.C. in 1843-51, 185.3-5, and 1865-7. 
He was an adherent of the Denioc. party and 
of Mr. Douglas until the repeal of the Mis- 
souri Compromise, and afterward Republican. 
May(u- of Chicago in 1857, and took a leading 
part iu the Const. Conv. of 1861. Author of 
a " History of the Family of Wentworth," 2 
vols. 8vo, 1870. 

Wentworth, William, nn early colonist 
of N.II., progenitor of all of the name in the 
U:S., b. Eng. ab. 1610; d. Dover, N.H., Mar. 
16, 1697. He was a follower of Rev. .John 
Wheelwright, and, with that clergyman and 33 
others, signed, Aug. 4, 1639, " A combination 
for a govt, at Exeter, N.H." He removed to 
Wells, Me., and from llience-to Dover, where 
he was a ruling elder in the church, preaching 
often, and regularly supjilying the pulpit at 
Exeter as latcaslGM. In"lG89he was instrii- 
niental in saving Heard's garrison from tho 
In<linns. 

Werden, Reed, commo. I'.S.N., b. Pa. 
Feb. 28, 1817. Phila. Naval School, 1840. 
Midshipm. Jan. 9, 1834; lieut. Feb. 27, 1847; 
com. July 16, 1862; capt. July 25, 1866; 
commo. 1871. Com. a party of seamen at the 
capture of Tuspan, Mex., 1847 ; com. steamer 
" Stars and Stripes " at capture of Roanoke 
Island and Newbcrn; flcet-capl. E. Gulf block, 
squadron, 1864-5; com. "Powhatan," and 



"WTER 



970 



WiSS 



tiitiKktdtii Canted, ram " Su>newall " in Hs- 
raiu antQ (amendered to the ijpaaitb goru — 

Wereat, Jobs, pairiot of Oa. ; d. 'Bryan 
Co. KV*. He was an earir aa'J deciderl ad- 
Tocate of lil*ri_r. M'lrabcr of the fir»t Pror. 
CoDt!rc«« in 1775; speaker in 1776 ; and after 
the iall of Sarannah in 1779, at fim. of the 
exec, eoaocil, excrcued ibe functions of ^t. ; 
pres. of the oonr. wfaicfa ratiaed tbe Federal 
Coactitntion ai Aa-^^tuta, Jan. 2, 17^8. 

WertmtlUer, Adolpu L'leic, pointer, 
b. iiiockbolm, 1750 ; d. B«ar >Iarctu Hook, 
Pa., fJct. 5, 1811. He studied and panned hi* 
profession in Paris some rears, and came to 
Pbiia. in 1 794, )m: retameii to Enrope in I79t. 
He RHinied lo Pfaila. in 1 SCO, aad obtained an 
nwoiae br exhiUtin^ his picture of Danae, 
whicfa be 'sold for 81,300. He left a portrait 
of Wa»hin;rton. 

'Wesley, Cbakixs, poet and derBrman, 
b. Epvonh, I)tc. !« ITO": 4 London.'iLardi 
29, 1788. Oxf'j- "■ - ;.'•: was a con- 

spscaoo* memb>: - ^noos societr 

from irhich An.. .j may be said 

to hare tpnng; ; a:;'; i:i 1 7 >v. <^iier baring been 
ord. deacKO and priest, aoeompaoied fau bro. 
John OD a. mission to Ga. ia the capacitr of sec 
to Got. fj^iethrnpe. Ue laboied assidaofislr as 
s preacher among (he Indians and eoloobu ; 
retained to Eo£^ in 17-36 ; and soon after com- 
■woced bis brilliant and s o cc ea ri bi career as a 
Ifftbodist preacher. His sons Cbaelei and 
Sajicel acajoired great repatation for tbeir 
miHical talents. Of tbe brnnis now in ose tiv 
tbe Wesleran*, 623 are b/Cbarles Wesler. A 
roL of bis semKms, with a >Ieo>oir, was pub. 
1816; Joomal, with notia bjr Ber. Tbomas 
Jark-on, 1%41, 2 roU. 8to. 

Wesley, Jobs, tbe eelehrated foonder of 
tbe sect iti >I>-ttK>1i<u, b. Epwortb, in Liocoln- 
rhire, June 17, 1703; d. Mar. 2, 1791. f^f. 
U. 1726. .Son of Samoel, rector of Epwortb. 
Vliiia^, at Oxfonl br bis adnrttneas in ar^ni- 
Deat, a* we.l a« his classical and theological 
attainmenu. Ord. dtacon in 1723. In 17.30 
be aad lii» i.roii>«r C'naries, with a few oiber 
stodents, fanatd thenudres inf^ a small eocietj 
on pfindpl'-s of greater aa^tcritr and derotion 
than pcerailed in the tmireniiT, receirin^ tbe 
name of >Ietbodists. He soon becaa>e leader 
of the axorlaiioa, and opon tbe death of his 
father in 1735, daring wbi<.'h jrear the cde- 
braled Wbiteficid ynned kit wuatXf, oceonp. 
Ol^leifaorpe to fia. to preach the gospel uoon% 
the settlers and Indians. For some time, bis 
labors as a prea<?lier proatiied l« be saceeaofnl ; 
bat be soon rendered himself o&nsiire lo the 
e>laaisa hy his serere aad injadieioas eondocL 
Ue passed fix r.'i<.r.i>>> in Ovireia widkont pos- 
scuing a • . : ■'MUr. practice* 

andnaui' jvjmedoobss 

aibViiiitv, ■ (|n bis return 

to Enff. ear.;, n 17";- i;-; <jj'uni^<aA itinerant 
pnutaa^, and gaiherul aunr tai lowers. The 
charebes'beiag shot against fain, be bailt spo- 
cioas meeting-hoosea ia Londi/n, Bristol, and 
other plaee*. Foe some time he was nniued 
with WbiieAeld ; bat, diScreaoes arising anon 
;cioa, liirx scnaraied, and tbe 
dcaoniaaiea according to 



ae dortsinc of eleecioa, tbrj 
men 



tbeir respectire leaden. Wesler was indefati- 
gable in bis labors, and almost coniinualljr 
engaged in trareliing orer England, Waii-s, 
Seotland, and Ireland. Ue pnb. some vols. 
of brmns, nnmeroos sermons, political tracts, 
and cuntrorersial treatises. He was the most 
soccessful preacher of modem times, and was 
tbe law-iriv(-r, as well as tbe apOKtle, of Ar- 
minian-Methodism. 

Wessels, Ges. Hexbt Waltos, b. Litch- 
field. Cl, Feb. 20, 1809. West Point, 1M.3. He 
stodied at the milit. school of Capt. Partridge 
aiMiddletown ; entered tbe 2'l Inf. in 1^3.3 ; en- 
gaged in Scmiooie war, Fla., I %37— 12 ; 1 st lieut. 
7 Jalj, 18.38 ; capt. 16 Feb. 1847; brer, mayrr 
Aug. 20, 1*47, for gallantrr at Conireras and 
Cfaamtjii^co, and in tbe former battle wonndcJ ; 
major 6ib Inf. .Jane 6, 1*61 ; bris.-sen. of vi>l». 
April 25, 1«62. He served in the Peni.rsnlar 
cam|«ign, and wounded at Fair OalLS .31 Mar, 
1§62; in defence of SuSblk, Va., Sept.-Uoc. 
1862 ; in X.C. Dec. 1862 to 20 Apr. 1664, and 
enga^eil in combats of Kinston 14 l>ec., 
Goidsb>/roagb 17 Uec., and defence of Ncw- 
bem ; com. at defence of Piymonth, May. 1 W3, 
to Apr. 22, 1664, when;, after foor day.' hard 
fighting, he was taken prisoner ; brer. cd. and 
brig.-gen. U.S.A. for gallant and merit, serrices 
daring tbe Beijeilioo ; licnt.<oL Feb. 16, 1865 ;' 
retired I Jan. 1*71. — Cullaat. 

Wesson, James, col. lierol. army ; d. 
Harlboroagh, ils,, 15 Oct. 1M>9, a. 72. Msj. 
in L. Baldwin 'g re;;t. at tbe siege of Boston; 
raisel and com. the 9th M«. Regt. ; and disting. 
at Saratoga and at Monm'/atb, where be was 
sererelr wounded br a cannon-ball. 

Weett, BEWAJt'is, LL. D. (B. U. I792(, 
mathem. and aitron., b. BelK^wih, Ms., >Iar. 
17.30; d. Proridence, K.I., 13 Aug. HI 3. Ue- 
moving to Providenr:e in 173.3, be was a Ixiok- 
sellTr there until ttie K<;rol.; then toanof. 
clothing (or the Cant, soldiers, all the while 
proterating bis tcientifir studiet. He pal>. an 
almanac there in 1763-93; furnished a fta]0:T 
on tbe transit of Venus and Jlerciiry in 1769 
for tbe li'jy. S<jc. of Lond. ; wa» made a ffl.ow 
of the Aroer. Academy of Arts and (Science- in 
1781 ; was prof, of matbero. in tbe Pr.-Kp. 
Sem. at PbiLa. in l7%4-6; prof, of nunlieni. 
and nat. philos. in B.C. 1786-49 ; postmaster 
of P. 1812-1.3. 

West, BKSJAxrs, a oelel/rated painter, b. 
w^r hpringtield. Pa., Oct. 10, 17-38; d- Lon- 
don, ilarcfa 10, 1820- Hi* parnu were Qua- 
kers ; bat, i^nx-iring in tb(.-ir mm an innate pro- 
pensity for thi; art of drawing, tbt^ allowed 
Dim lo euldirau: bis talenu in oppontion to the 
rigi<l i/riti/riple* of th<.-ir sect. Accordingly, 
after baring for a short time serrul as a s<^l- 
dier under fien. Forbea, W«»t n.-m'nei to 
Phila- in 1734, and cr^mmenced portrait-^nint- 
ing, whu.'h firiA'MiVjo he sabsuju^mtly 'fxerciv^l 
in New Vork ; in 1760 he rieited' Italy and 
Pmux, and n-tnained ti/mt: time at Pari* ; in 
1763 he arrireil in Eng., and met kiK'h encour- 
agement that be UMjk up bis permani-nt re<-i- 
dence there. By tbe tmler nf fjtt/rge IIL, be 
auxuted his pir.-ture of " TTie I>eparture ij( 
Begnlas frma Uome," wlwh ytmMnA bim 
mach repatation. At tbe fumidaiiua of the 
Boyal Aemk. m 1768, he became a member. 



971 



'WliA. 



ind in 179S suc«v\io\i Sir J»>hna RejTJoMs »s 
pre*. Among ihe earlier pr\>luct>.>n> o« his 
pjucil. that w^h-.oh annutiAi mi.«sj ni>;ivx- wsis 
:.i> -.v.: .:;:_• ^: I ' . '.> ..:h o{ G*a. \Vi>U<;." 
w:. .. r - - _ ; - :r.o first time in an 
hi-:.'-\,>. ;;.:..' : .. : . -.iira co^tumo, ocv-a- 
sjoacvi a rovoiutH-n i:; an. The Briti>h Insji- 
tution prvs^-nteJ him with S.OOO ^neas for a 
painni - i-;" " Ohr^--: Uealinj the Sick." One 
o:" :;, ■ _-tai wwrks was a reyteson- 

.: the Palo Hors*." in>m 
1#I7 he ktt his wiK-, a 
M;N^ ■- .V. I'rtiia. As a painter he is 

>\ . r ■, . r-r gracetiilDess of eNXCuiion and 
h 1- .. : coloring, — Af Lili ^J- O^, Sn>, 

West, SoiiEU DO. (H.U. 1793). minis- 
ter tvf Xew BoiirorJ. Ms., b. Yannouth. Mareh 

4. 17;;l1; :. r;^.r:o:i. IM.. S - :. 14. 1*07. 
K r ■ ^ _ •;«. 



, . : - : l>r. 
- oi tbe iViiv. ii>r 
Ms... ami tur the 



tvr 

at 1> - 
iadt;» 
and ■ t >--i 
5. — a n.')il. 

West, j- 

Sax s 
lu -,- 

ao^^ 



M^. Y. C. I7i». 
in Uatoeid. Ms. 



Author of a Life oi John Fitch. 1S57 : " Tas- 
Parer's Guide," l!*4: "Xanies h" Persons, 

ic. with a lEsror. >■:" ;>.i- Ti-: Laws oi Pa.," 
Sxo. ISoJ: ■■C..- - Great Ret^l- 

lion." original.;. c v'ld Frank- 

lin Ahuanao. i. ■ ,; a histvwr of 

the city oi" PhiLi- — .1 • ■. 

Wetherill, SvMCEU 17S6-1S16; b. Bar- 
i;:—!-". N.J Ai c^Hr T^-;-: of P^='a . 



Christ. aiKi otaer t;iee>!. treatises .S.M/>sot. 

Wetmore. Au-honso. caw. C.S..t Au- 
thor ol •■'■•■--• ^! w;- V- •-■'>, 
X.Y. e:- . 
a.nn in 

Canad:i > . - > - . . 

capt. IXv. ;^ii<; us. Miv. IS.:-;, i. S:, I^iiii^ 
13 Jane, IS49. His son Leoxidas, capt. 
U.S..\.. <nd distin^. in Fia. and Mcslico, d. 
Mo IS iX-t. 1S49. 

Wetmore, Prv^spek MoyrcOMEKr. an- 
thor. ;\ S:raiio(\i. Cl.,I4 Feh. 179S, In his 9th 
yirar be tvmovevi with his parents to X. York; 
entered a coain;nj-T\v>m. and enJa^^^d in mer^ 
ctir;-'', v.:rf,:!rs. H^ K -■•■ v rr—-' f~ the 



:ae wems ot James NacS. K;^n; 
. i<f >,Y. in ISSS; he prvvnoicd the 
; „ .^ -^..ixJ sTstem as chaim's- • ■ — 

on coiie^'S ana ac*:em;e# in : 
in ISi4-6 ; pres. of the Amer 



cy." I77i. cu:::--^\ioii ;";'+, " l'-;\v .•,■■. : v'Mi- 

satioa of Chrisriaus to Marry only in the 

Lonl." t"? : "" .\r. r<Mv on the "Scripmiv 

IKv: ■."•17S5 

Quir. 

Bai;. 

kins, i ' I ' . ~ ' 

vinirv i-f Christ." ISIS, 

West, WilltvM E,. t»irtrait-ivMnt«'r ; d. 

^'•■- '■ X- : '>^- '•• --• 



■An In- 

Im[>c<rt of Iniaut 

Hot. Samnet Hop- 

KTidetjees of the Di- 



C" -c \V - -^ ;_ > 

Wharton, Ch . ; 

e!en;.» nttn auU ^ 
Jane 3. 17*5; 
l^^-< Hi- r;- 



,-, ;>l..- 



Ems. 
Md.. 



l".\rt>r\-. e.\ -h: 

him intx> i. ..ny 

wars. An . i.is 

!v. ;:;.• I > re- 

■•o^ 

• Mtt- 

.0 iv^i;>t«l 

AllKW' 

.•• "Tbi 
Mrs^ Hen»- 

- ^ .'"itAl, ^«»- 

i;> :v,;'.n;; -ic la 1*45. b. 
PiuU. I$M. Adm. to the l^hUa. bar l$4l. 



I\ 


•.'.n^ 




^i 


;.x'. r 


Nov 


C; 


r.-<>i 


!.;-.i I 


o.n\'i A'. 


N..- 




nT. 


,i'vi : 






r 

a; 


\\\ 





S.J.. w 

he was ■ 

•A Kv 

lixa." Aui;_jj. i " " 

K> an Addnfss ;■ 

Svo. 17*5; '" Ir 

l>ivinity of Chri>:, ' #>\-. 

View."'Sf»\>, l?17. His nrmi 

moir br U, W, Heaue, DO-. • 

12nH\"l#.^. 

Wharton, Fb»soi<. P,D-. I.Ul">„ jurist, 
h. Pbila. ISSa Y.C. 1S», a»d»f»rwanl prac- 
lt$(d law is h<s nali>Y (iiy. la l$56-«3 Im 
w«s prof, of logic and rhetoric in Keayoa CoU, 



AVILA. 



972 



"wthu 



O. Orl. in lUe Prot.-Epis. Church 1863 ; rec- 
tor of St. I'liul's, Brookline, Ms., and prof, in 
C'ainb. (EpU.) Theol. School. Hu has puh. 
" Tieati.-^c on the Criminal Law of the U.S.," 
6th c<l., 3 vols. 8vo, 1868 ; " Treatise on Con- 
veyancing," 8vo, 18.il; "Law Dictionary," 2d 
ed", 1860 ; ■' State Trials of the U.S. during the 
Admini.->trations of Washinjrton and Adams," 
1849; "A Treatise on the Law of Homicide 
in the U.S.," 1855; witli Mo.rcton Stille, "A 
Treatise on Medical Jurisp.," 1855 ; a " Trea- 
tise on Theism and Scepticism," 1858; "Pre- 
cedents of I]i(lictiuents and Pleas," 8vo, 1849 ; 
"Tile Silence of Scripture," a series of lec- 
tures, !8G7; co-editor £/;/«. Recorder. lie is 
a coiitrihutor to many periodicals. 

Wharton, Thomas L, lawyer, b. Pliila. 
1791 ; d. there 9 Apr. 1856. Many years an 
eminent member of the Phila. bar, also re- 
porter Pa. Sup. Court. Author of " Di<.'est 
of U.S. Circ.-Court Reports, .3d Dist.," 2 vols. 
8vo ; " Di^'csted Index of Reports of the South- 
ern and Western States," 8vo, 1824; "Dis- 
course on the Landinjr of Wm. Penn," 8vo, 
182G; " Rejiorts Pa. Sup. Court. 1833-41," 
6vols. Svo; " Memoir of Win. Uawle, LL.D." 
(Ili>t. Sue. Pa. Mem., vol. iv.), Sec. — AHilnne. 

Wheatland, Hexrv, m.d. (II.U. i837,) 

h. Salem, Ms., lljan'y., 1S12. II.U. 1832. 
Son of Capt. Richard and Martha Goudliue. 
Has nvvcr jiractised medicine, but has fjivcn 
much attention to historical and seieniitic in- 
vcsti;;aiions. An ori^jinal member of the Am. 
Assoc, for the Advancement of Science ; a 
lound<T of ihe Essex-Co. Xat.-Hist. Soc, and 
of the Ksscx In.'ititnie, ol which he was prcsi- 
d-ut; and also vice-president of the Peabody 
Academy of Science. - Menibi'r. also, of many 
orhrr iitcrary and scientific bodies. 

Wheatley, I'hilli.s, a nej^ro poetess, b. 
Africa all. 1753; d. Boston, Dec. 5, 1784. She 
was bronchi from Africa in 17'>1 between 
seven and eij^ht years of age, and acquired in 
the family of John Wheatley of Raston, within 
16 months after her arrival, the English lan- 
piuige to such a degree as to read the most 
difficult parts of Scripture, and learned to write 
in a short time. She began very early to write 
verse, and evinced poetic ability in some poems 
written at the age of 14. Her " Poems " were 
pub. in London in 1773 with a cojipcr-plate 
portrait, ami dedicated to the Countess of Hun- 
tington June 12, 1773 (when about to visit 
London with a member of her master's family). 
They possess much merit, and have been seve- 
ral times reprinted. After her return from 
Eng., she m. a colored man. Dr. John Peters, 
who fell into poverty during the Revolution. 
The most important of her occasional un- 
collected verses are the lines to Gen. Washing- 
ton in 1775, which were acknowledged by him 
in a letter dated Feb. 2, 177G, aitd appeared 
■with the letter in the Peiinsi/h;(i)iia Mu;i. for 
April, 1776. She wrote elegiac verses on 
George Whitcfield and on Dr. Samuel Cooper. 
Her letters were privately printed Svo, 1864. — 
Sec Prm: .Us. /Jisl. Sor., Nor. 1863. 

Wheaton, Gen. Fkank, b. Providence, 
R.I., 8 -May, 1833. Son of Dr. Erancis L. and 
Amelia S. Civil cngr., and engaged in Cal. 
ftnd in Mexican boundary surveys in 1850-5; 



1st lieut. U. S. Cav. Mar. 3, 1855; cng.iged 
with Cheyenne Indians near Fort Kcaniev, 
capt. 1st Cav. Mar. 1, 1861 ; lient.-col. L'll RT 
Vols, at first Bull Run; col. July, IStil ; en- 
gaged in the Peninsular campaign, second Bull 
Run, Antietam, and Fredcrick.sbiyg ; brig.- 
gcn. U. S. Vols. Nov. 29, 1862; com. brigaile 
at Gettysburg. Rappahannock Station, Jline 
Run, defence of Harper's Ferry, battles of the 
Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor. Peters- 
burg, Weldon R.R., Reams's Station, andOpc- 
qnan ; maj. 2d Cav. Nov. 1803; com. division 
6th corps at Fisher's Hill. Cedar Creek, Hatch- 
er's Run, Armstrong'.s Mills, ca])turc of Pi ters- 
burg, battle of Sailor's Creek, and siirrcnd'.'r of 
Lee; brev. niaj.-gen. vols, for Opcijuan, Fish- 
er's Hill, and Aliddieton, Va. ; brev. licut.-col. 
U.S.A. for the Wilderness; col. fur Cedar 
Creek ; brig.-gen. for capture of Petersburg, 
and maj.-gcn. for gallant and merit, services 
during the war; lieut.-col. 39th U.S. Inf. Julv 
2«, 1866; transf. to 21st Inf. 15 Mar. ISG9"; 
and ]jreseiiti'il witli a sword bv his native State. 
Wheaton, Htixnv, LL.D. (B.U. 1S19 ; 
H.U. 1845), jurist and dijilomaiL-t, b. Provi- 
dence, R.I., Nov. 27, 1785 ; d. Dorchester, Ms., 
March 11, 1848. Brown U. 1802. Ue studied 
law; went to France in 1804; spent a year and 
a half at the law schools at I'oiliers. and 6 
months in London ; began jiractiee in Provi- 
dence on his return ; but in 1812 removed to 
New York. He there edited the .Vr/^/o.iei/ .!-/- 
voaile, and in it discussed the vexed question 
of violated neutral rights. He was dnriiig the 
same period, for a short time, one of the justices 
of the marine court. In 1816-27 he was re- 
porter for the U. S. Sup. Court, iinblishing 12 
vols, of its decisions; a prominent member of 
the N. Y. Const, Conv. of 1821 ; in 1825 he 
was one of the commiss. tc revise the statute 
law of N.\'; in 1827-35 he w.is rl,ini/e il'af- 
fiiires to Denmark, being tlic first U.S. diplo- 
matic agent sent to fliat country; resident minis- 
ter at Berlin in 183.5-7, and in 1837-46 ininistcr- 
plenipo. He returned to the U.S. in 1S47, and 
was complimented with public dinners in New 
Y'ork and Phila., and with the chair of \>n>{. 
of international law in H.U., the dnties of 
wliich he was jjrevented from assuming by 
death. In 1843 he became a eorrcsp. member 
of the French Institute, and in 1 844 a Ibreign 
member of the Roy. Acad, of Science of Ber- 
lin. Mis publications were " A Digest U. S. 
Sup.-Court Decisions 1789-1829," 8vo; "A 
Digest of the Law of Maritime Prizes," 1815 ; 
" An Essay on the Means of maintaining the 
Commercial and .Vaval Interests of the U.S. ; " 
"Life of Win. PinkU'T," 1826; and sub.sequent- 
ly an abridgment Ibr Sparks's " Amer. Biug. ; " 
"History of the Northmen," 1831, translated 
into French, and pub. in Paris in 1"<44 with 
notes and additions by Mr. Wheaton ; " His- 
tory of Scandinavia," the joint production of 
Mr. Wheaton and Dr. Crichton (a seiiuel to 
" The Ili.-tory of the Northmen "), 18.38 ; " Ele- 
ments of International Law," I8.3fi, — the 8th 
ed. (1866) has the notes of R. II. Dana, jnii. 
(this work is regarded througliDiit Enii)]ie as 
a standard authority); "An Inquiry into the 
Briii>h Claim of a Right of Search of 
American Vessels," 1842. In 1841 \.k wrote 



■WHE 



073 



WHE 



n prize essay for the French Institute, of which 
the English transU\tion, entitled " liistorv of 
the Law of Nations in Europe and America 
from the Earliest Times to the Treaty of Wash- 
ington," appeared in N.Y. in 1S45, and, great- 
ly enlarged, in Leipsic and Paris in 1S46. 
As a reporter he was unrivalled. He was a 
constant contributor to the Amn-ican Qiiarterh/, 
the A'. A. Recieii; and other periodicals ; de- 
livered several addresses befom the literary 
societies of N.Y. ; the anniv. address before the 
Hist. Soc. in 1S20 ; and an " Essay on the 
Progress and Prospects of Germany " before 
the Phi Beta Kappa Society of Brown U., 
Sept. 1, 18+7. A vol. of selections from the 
wniings of his son Robert (b. N.Y. Oct. 5, 
1826, d. Oct. 9, 1851) appeared in 1854, with 
a Memoir by his sister. 

Wheaton, Nathaniel Sheldon, D.D., 
(Y.C. 18.3.3), b. Washington, Ct., Aug. 20, 
1792; d. there March 18, 1862. Y.C. 1814. 
In 1818-31 he was rector of Christ Church, 
Hartford ; was pres. of Trin. Coll. till 1837, 
when he became rector of Christ Church, New 
Orleans, where he continued 7 years. In 1 823—4 
he visited Europe, and in 1839 pub. "Journal 
of a Residence in London, and of Tours in 
England. Scotland, and France;" and in 1844 
went abroad again. He was an efficient founder 
of Trinity College, for the endowment of which 
he raised" 540,000, and bequeathed to it $20,000 
more. He also pub. an expository vol. andoc- 
ca.-^ional discourses. 

Whedon, D.i.yiEL Dexisox, D.D. (Em. 
Coll.), LL.D. (Wesl. U. 1867), of the M.E. 
Church, b. Onondaga, N.Y., 1808. Ham. Coll. 
1828; tutor there 1832-48. Prof, ancient lan- 
guage and lit. Wesl. U. 1845-53; prof, rhet., 
logic, and hist., U. of Mich. Author of " Pub- 
lic Addresses," 12mo. 1852; " Commentary on 
Matthew and Mark," 1860; "Freedom of the 
Will," 1864; " Commentary on the Gosjiels," 
2 vols. 1866; Single Sermons and Addresses. 
Ed. ^/lth. Quart, liev., and the books of the 
M. E. Pnb. House. 

Wheeler, Charles Steakxs. scholar, 
b. Lincoln, Dec. 19, 1816; d. Leipsic, Ger- 
many, June 13, 1843. H.U. 1837. He was 
an instructor at H.U. in 1S3S-.42, and pub. 
an edition of " Herodotus," 2 vols. Svo, 1843, 
the notes to which displaved much leaniing. 

Wheeler, John-, D.D. (U. C. 1834), pres. 
of the U. of \ t. 1833-49, b. Grafton, Vt., Mar. 
11, 1798; d. Burlington, Vt., April 16, 1862. 
Dartm. Coll. 1816; Andover, 1819. In 1804 
his parents removed to Orford, N.H. Licensed 
by the Haverhill Assoc. Aug. 4, 1819. Ord. 
pastor Cong. Church, Windsor, Vt., Nov. 1, 
1821. He pub. discourses on the death of 
Pros. Harrison, John Smith, James JIarsh, and 
an hist, discourse at the Semi-Cent. Anniv. of 
the U. of Vt., Aug. 1, 1854. 

Wheeler, C.vpt. Thomas of Concord, 
Ms., 1642, b. Eng. ; d. 16 Dec. 1686. He 
served and was wounded in Philip's war. His 
narrative of his exped. to the Nipmu^ country 
in lOr.T is in the N. H. Hist. " Collections." 

Wheeler, William Adolphis, author, 
b. Leicester, Ms., 14 Nov. 1833. Bowd. Coll. 
1853. He was many years engaged upon the 
Uictionai'ics of Worcester and Webster, and in 



1867 became assist, supt. of the Boston Public 
Library. Author of " Dictionary of NoteU 
Names of Fiction," 1865. 

Wheelock, Eleazer, D. D. (Edinb. 
1767), clcrgvman, founder and lirst pros, of 
Dartm. (\iil.", b. Windham, Ct.; Apr. 22, 1711 ; 
d. Hanover, N.H., April 24, 1779. Y.C. 1733. 
Descended from Ralph of Shropshire (edu- 
cated at Caiubridge, and an eminent preaclier), 
who came to this country in 1637; settled tirst 
at DciUiam, and then at Medtield, where he 
died in 1683, a. 83. Eleazer was ord. pastor 
of the 2d Cong. Church, Lebanon, Ct., in Mar. 
1735, and ivmained 35 years. He ojiened a 
school in 1754 ; and the proficiency of one of 
his pupils, an Indian boy named Samson Oc- 
com, led to his establishing Jloor's Indian 
Charity School, out of which grew eventually 
Dartm. Coll. For its enlargement, Rev. Mr. 
Whitaker of Norwich, and Samson Occom, 
were sent to Great Britain in 1 706. The money 
they collected was put into the hands of a 
board of trustees in Eng., of which the Earl of 
Dartmonth was the head. A large tract of 
land being oft'ered in N.H., he transplanted his 
school to Hanover, and there foiuuled the col- 
lege, which was chartered in 1 769. He renio\ed 
thither in Aug. 1770. Brandt was one of his 
pupils. He pub. a narrative of the Imlian 
school at Lebanon, 1762, and several continua- 
tions of it up to 1775, together with an abstract 
of a mission to the Del. Indians west of the 
Ohio by McClure and Frisbie, and some ser- 
mons. His Jlemoir, with extracts from his Cor- 
re sp. b v McClure and Parish, was pub. 1811. 

Wheelock, John, A.M. (Dartm. 1789), 
LL.D., second pres. of Dartm. Coll., b. Leba- 
non, Ct., Jan. 28, 1754; d. April 4, 1817. 
Dartm. Coll. 1771. Tutor 1772-4. He en- 
tered Yale in 1767 ; but, on the removal of his 
fiither to Hanover, grad. there with the tirst 
class. Member of the Prov. Congress in 1774, 
of the Assembly in 1775 ; was app. a major in 
the N. York forces in the spring of 1777, and 
in Nov. was a lieut.col. under Col. Bedell ; in 
1778 Gen. Stark sent him on an exped. against 
the Indians; after which he held a position on 
Gen. Gates's staff until recalled to Hanover by 
the death of his father, and at the age of 25 
became bis snecessor as pres. of the college. In 
1783 the trustees sent him to Europe to procure 
aid for the institution. On his return he was 
shipwivcked off Cape Cod, and lost the box 
containing his money and papers. Removed 
in 1815 in consequence of an eccles. controver- 
sy among the inistees, a legislative act was 
passed, enlarging the board, and changing the 
title of the college. The celebrated " Dart- 
mouth-College Case," in which Webster gained 
great reputation, was the result, and the uncon- 
stitutionality of the act was declared. A new 
board of trustees restored him to otiiec in 1817; 
but he died a few weeks later. He bequeathed 
half his large estate to Princeton Theol. Scm. 
lie pub. " Sketches of the History of Dartmonth 
College," 1816; " Eulogy on Dr! Smith," 1809; 
" Essav on the Beauties and Excellences of 
Painting, Music, and Poetry," 4to, 1774. 

Wheelwright, Jonx, clergyman, b. Lin- 
colnshire, Eng., ab. 1592; d. Salisbury, Ms., 
Nov. 15, 1679. B.A. (Camb. U.) 1614. Son 



■wnE 



974 



of Robert of Ralcby. He was a dassmntc of 
Croiiiwi'll ; and in 11123-31 was vicar of Hilsliy, 
near AU'onl ; Imt, Ijcinf; driven in 163G from liis 
church l)_v Aichliishop Laud for nonconformi- 
ty, he came to Boston, where he was chosen 
pastor of a church in wliat is now Braintrce. 
His sympathy with tlie rcH^ious o])inions of 
his rchitivc Anne Hutchinson led to animosi- 
ties between liim and Mr. W'il-on, pastor of the 
Boston cliurch, and to his li.uiisiiiiient from 
the Colony. In IG.38 he founded ICxctor on a 
brandi of the I'iscataqua. Alter residing' there 
5 years, the town bein^ dcchncd witiiin the 
limits of Ms., he removed with ])art of his 
church to Wells, Me. In 1644 a re<'onciliation 
took ])lace between him and tlie colonial govt. 
of Ms., in conscr|uence of some acknowledg- 
ments on his part ; and he returned to Ms. in 
1646. He was settled at Hampton 8 years. In 
1654 he pub. his " Vindication." About 1657 
he went to Eng., where he was well received by 
Cromwell, but returned in 1660, and became 
pastor of Salisbin'v, May 9, 1 662. The genuine- 
ness of the Indian deed to him, dated 1629, has 
been the suliject of much controversy. Author 
of " Miiriiriu.i Ameririmu.1," &c., London, 4to, 
1645. — .s'r (;,„n,l. Rer/., Oct. 1867; .S>v(7He. 

Whelpley, Samdei,, minister and author, 
b. Stoekbridge, Ms., 1766; d. N. York, July 
14, 1817. ()rd. a Baptist preacher 21 June, 
1 792, and a Presbyterian preacher 8 Oct. 1806 ; 
officiating at W. Stockliridge, Ms., and at 
Green IJiver, N. J. In 1798-1809 he resided 
at Morristown, N. J., where he had charge of 
an academy; in 1814 he returned to New 
York, where lie taught a very popular school. 
Author of the essays entitled " The Triangle," 
pub. N.Y. 1816, in defence of the N. Eng. doc- 
trines; "Letters on Capital I'liMislnneiit inid 
War," addressed to Gov, Strong, I SIC; "A 
Compend. of Ancient and Modern History," 
1814, and again in 1826. His son Philip 
Mei.ancthon, a Presb. clergyman of N.Y. (b. 
Stockbridge, Ms., 22 Dee. 1792, d. 17 July, 
1824), was the author of some occas. sermons. 

Whipple, Auraiiam, commodore Revol. 
navy, h. Providence, R.I., Sent. 26, 173.3 ; d. 
Marietta, 0., May 26, 1819. He com. a mer- 
chant-vessel in the W. India trade ; but, towards 
the close of the French war in 1759-60, he was 
capt. of the jaivatcer " Game Cock," captur- • 
ing in a single cruise 23 French jiiizes. In 
June, 1772, he com. the vol. crew which cap- 
ture<l and burned the British revenue schoon- 
er " fiasjie' " in Narragansct Bay. In June, 
1775, two armed vessels were fitted out by 15.1., 
of which Wliip]ilc was ]int in com. with the 
title of commodore ; oft' Newport he made 
prize of one of the tenders of the British frigate 
"Hose." App. capt. of "The Columbus," 
Dec. 22, 1775 ; he afterward com. the schooner 
"Providence," which, though finally dcstioved 
by the British, is said to have taken more prizes 
than any other vessel. Her memorv was pre- 
served by the frigate "Providence,"' thfe com. 
of which was given to him ; and her escape from 
the blockade of the river and bay was one of 
the most chivalrous feats of the Kevoiulion. 
Sul)se<iueutly, till the termination of his career 
in the contest, ho com. a squadron ; and on one 
occasion the prize-money from liis captures 



amounted to $1,000,000. In 1780, when en- 
deavoring to save Charleston from the enemy, 
he lost his s(|uadron, luid was held a prisoner 
during the remainder of the war. He resided 
on a farm in Cranston, near Providence, until 
the formation of the Ohio Company in 1788, 
when he removed his family to Marietta. 

Whipple, Gi.N. A Mil. I, \V., b. (ireen- 
wieh, Ms., 1K17; d. Washiugtun, I). C, May 
7, 1863. West Point, I84I. 2d lieut. 1st Art., 
and transferred to the tojiog. cngrs. ; in 1844 
assist, astronomer to the N.E. boundary sur- 
vey; in IS4."i eiii]iloved in ascertaining the 

northern I udari- of N. Y., Vt., and N. H. ; 

in 1849 iis^i~l. iisti.iu. on the Mexican bounda- 
ry comnii-s., his jnurual of which was pub. by 
order of Congress; 1st lieut. 1851 ; capt. of 
topog. cngrs. 1 July, 1855. Early in 1861 he 
was made chief engr. on the slalf of Gen. Mc- 
Dowell ; was at the first battle of Bull Uun ; 
maj. of cngrs. Sept. 9, 1861 ; attached to JIc- 
Clellan's staff in April, 1862; brig.-gcn. of 
vols. 14 Ajjr. 1862; com. a division in the 9th 
army corjis; and at the time of his d<-ath (from 
wounds at Chancellorsville) com. the 3d div. 
3d corps. Brcv. lieut.-eol. for Manassas ; col. 
for Fredericksburg ; brig.-gen. for Chancellors- 
ville ; maj.-gcn. 7 May, 1863; maj. -gen. vols. 
6 .M;iv, 1 863. — Ch//«w. 

Whipple, Edwix Percy, essayist, b. 
Gloucester, lis., March 8, 1819. His father 
Matlhcw dying when he was an infant, his ear- 
ly character was formed by his iiioiher, Lydia 
Gardiner, a woman of strong mental jiowcr. 
Educated at the public schools of Salem. At 
the age of 14 he was a contrib. to a Salem 
newspaper. lie was subsequently employed in a 
broker's oilice in Boston; became a member of 
the ;\Iere. Lib. Assoc., and was soon a leader in 
deliate and composition ; and, shortly after the 
erection of the Mcrcdiants' E.\change, he be- 
came snpt. of the iievvs-room, wliieh in 1860 he 
gave up for the exclusive pursuit of literature. 
He doliv. a poem beibrc the Merc. Lib. Assoc. 
Sept. 29, 1840, which wa.s full of play fnlhumor 
and satirical hits. His " Essay on Slacaulay," 
in 1843, increa.sed his fame, aiid driw from the 
brilliant historian and essayist a letter expres- 
sive of high regard. He has contrib. to the 
N. A. Ttcvim; Christian E.rciiiiiiin; and other 
periodicals. Many of these articles apjibnr in 
his vols, of Lectures and Essays. He has deliv- 
ered lectures of striking merit for the literary 
soiietics of Brown, llartmouth, and Amherst, 
besides those delivered at the lyceums of the 
cilies and towns of the Middl" and Northeni 
States. In I8.50he was the Fonrth-of-Jidy ora- 
tor for Boston, on " Wa.sliington and ilie Prin- 
ciples of the American Uevolntion." In the 
spring of 1859 he delivered a course of 12 lec- 
tures before the Lowell Instiiute, Boston, on 
" The Literature of the Ago of Eliz;ibeth," 
pub. in 1800. A new vol. of cB.says, " Sncc ss 
and ii.s Conditions," app. in 1871 ; also a new 
edition of his works in 6 vols. 

Whipple, C.EN. William, a sigm r of the 
Decl. of Independence, b. Kittirv, Me., Jan. 
14, 17.30; d. Nov. 2*, 1785. AftiV receiving a 
public-school wlucaiioii, be went to sea, and 
was several years com. of a vessel in the West- 
India trade, anil ncquiixd a cousiderable for- 



■wm 



tune. Mimber of tho prov. Conpiress of 1775, 
and of tlic com. of s:>fety ; nioiiiher of Consjcss 
ITTG-Sept. 1777, when, the N. fl. Assembly 
Ii.vvin.; nssi-ncil him to the eom. of a briijaile 
or^ani.'.e.l u> oppose tho pro^i-ess of Bui-^iync, 
li-' j<iine(! Gates's army, auJ at the battle of 
Saratoga com. the N.ll. troops; i;i 1778 ho 
took part in Gen. Sullivan's exped. to R.I. 
A^aiu in Couyress in 1778-9; member of the 
AssMnMy in 17SO-4, and of the exec, council ; 
and in 1782-4 snpt. of linance, and receiver of 
public moneys for N.U. App. judge of the 
N. II. Superior Court in 17^2. 

Whipple, WiLLi.vM D., brev. major-]2;en. 
U S.A., b. N.Y. iib. UiaO. West Toint, 1S51. 
Knteriu;,' the 3d Inf., he became Istlieut. 31 
Dec. 185G; served ay;ainst the Apaches and 
Navajoes in N. Mexico in 1857-S ; assist, adj.- 
gen. of Hunter'a div. at battle of Bull Ruii ; 
capt. and assist, adj.-jrcn. 3 Aug. 1801 ; major 
17 JiUy, 1SG2; bri!;.-gin. vols. 17 July, 1803; 
assist, adj.-^en. of Army and Dept. of the Cura- 
h'rland, Dec. 1803 to .June, 1865 ; in o]ierations 
about Chattanooga, and enjraged at Mission. 
Kicb.'e t>:\--i'> Nov. 1863; in invasionof G.a. and 
in tlie eULragemcnts cndiuij: with the capture of 
Atlanta, Sept. 1864; engaged in the battle of 
Nasliville, and pursuit of Hood, Dec. 1864; 
brev. col., brig, and maj. gen., 13 March, 1S65, 
for Atlanta cauipaign, battles bcfor.- Nashville, 
and for gallant and merit, services during the 
KeblHnn.— C«'/«m. 

Whistler, Geokoe W., engineer, b. Fort 
Waviir, Ind., 19 Mav.lSOO; d. St. I'etersburg, 
7 Apr. l:-49. West" Point, 1819. Employed 
in 1822-8 on the Xorlhern Boundary com- 
niis<. ; resigned from the U.S. cngr. corps in 
1833. He engaged in constrnciiug the Balti- 
more and Ohio and the Susqueh. and Western 
Railroads, and in 1842 bci-anie chief, engr. of 
the I'l'ersburg and Moscow Railro^id. Not 
only was the road to be built, Imt the iron for 
the tr.'ck, iheloeomo:ives, cars, and every thing 
nppriaining to the roads, were to beniauuf. un- 
der his sii|xrvision. He had also been eniiiloyed 
to con-truct extensive dock-yards at St. IVters- 
Inirg, and to improve tho Russian harlK)rs and 
rivi~rs. His son Geoi;ge \V., also a .skilful 
railway en'.'r.,d. Brighton, Eng., 24 Dre. 1869. 

V/liistler, CoL. William, b. Md.; d. Cin- 
cinnati, Dec. 4, 1803. App. lient. of inf. June 

8, 1801 ; disting. in battle of Maguago, Atig. 

9, 1S12; capt.^Dec. 1812; mnj. 2d Inf. April 
2X, 1.'26; lieut.-col. 7th Inf. Julv 21, 1834; 
col. 4!h Inf. July 15, 1845 ; retired Oct. 9, 1801. 
Son of M;ij. loliu (a llevol. olllccrwho d. 1827), 
l.ro b'T of George W. Whistler. 

Whitaker, Alexander, authorof "Good 
N'we-i from Virginia," 1613. Was sonof l{ev. 
Dr. W., master of St. John's Coll., Cambridge; 
n graduate of Cauib., and had been seated in 
the north of Eng., whore he m'os held in great 
esteem. Animated by a missionary spirit, hs 
came to Va. while youns, and was one of tho 
8'ttlers of Henrico, on James River, in 1011. 
A church was built, and the minister "im- 
paled " a tine parsonage with 100 acres of land, 
cabing it Rock Hall, lie b.tpti/.id Poeahon- 
tis, and also mairieil her to John Roll'e in 
A lil, 1013. 

WhitJOmb, James, gov. of Ind. 1843-8, 



b. Stoekbridgc. Vt., Dec. 1, 1791 ; d. N.York, 
Oct. 4, 1852. Transylv. U. Jan. 1, 1824, he 
established himself in the |H-actiee of law at 
Bloomington, Ind.; in 1820 was a;i]i. pros. 
atty. tor the dist. ; was a State senator in 18.30- 
5, and a leader of tho Dcinoc. party ; in 1836 
ho was ajip. supt. of the land-ollice; resumeil 
practice at Terra Haute in 1811 ; and in 1848 
was returned to the U.S. senate. 

Whitcomb, Gen. John, b. I ,aiien - t.r, Ms. ; 
d. 1812. He was a col. in lb ■ .-xi".!. :i -.im.l 
Crown Point in 1755; led a rr.:i. i,, r.,i:i,.n in 
1775 ; was app. by the Prov. Cougji.ss a brig.- 
gen., and 13 June, 1775, ma'i.-gen; was made 
a brig.-gen. on the Cont.cstaMi luueut, 5 Jiiu", 
1770, but soon left the service on account of 
advanced age. 

White, Andrew Dicksos, Lr,.D. (U. 
of Mich. 1867), educator, h. of N. Eng. par- 
entage, Cortland Co., N.Y., 1832. Y. C. 18.53. 
Removed in 1839 to Syracuse, N.Y. On leav- 
ing college, where he was an editor of the Yii/e 
Lit. Miifi., he visited France; was for 7 uu>nth$ 
an iilliidii at, St. Petersburg; then stuilied at 
the U. of Berlin ; and, the tbllowing year, re- 
turned to Amer. Prof, of hist, and Eng. lit. 
in the U. of Mich. 5 years. Visiting Loiulon 
in 1803, he pub. " A Letter to Dr. Russell," 
replying to statements in the letters of tho 
Tiims eorresp. State .senator of N.Y. 1863-7, 
and imrocl. the bills which eodilieil the school- 
laws, which createil the new .system of normal 
schoiils, and whieli ineorp. the Cornell Univer- 
sity, of wliieh he became jires. iu 1868, after a 
third visit to Europe, made at the request of its 
trustees to proeiue for it books and apparatus. 
App. ii) Jan. 1871 one of the eommiss. to San 
Domingo, and aided in preparing its report; 
pres. Repnb. State Conv. of N.Y. Oct. 1871. 
JJesides contribs. to periodicals, reports, &c., ho 
has pub. " Lectures on M"di;Bval and -Modern 
Hist.," 8vo, 1801, 4th cd. 1871; "Plan of 
( (rganiz. for Cornell U.," 1 868 ; " The New 
Eilueation," inang. address at C.U. 1868; and 
a report on the co-education of the sexes, 1871. 

White, .\lexaxi>er. delegate to the Com. 
Congre-s Irom N.C. in 1786-8, aiul M.C. in 
1789-93 ; disting. foreloquence and patriotism ; 
d. WoodvlUc. Va., Sept. 1804. a. liO. 

White, Col. Astiiony Walton, b. Va. 
17.S1 ; il. Brunswick, N. J., lOFeb. 1803. App. 
9 Feb. 1776 1icut.-eol.3d N.J. Regl. ; com. the 
cavalry after tho defeat at .Monk's Corner in 
Apr, 1 780. and with nu)sl of the regt. was again 
surprised and captured at Lnnneau's Ferry 
!\Iav, 1780. Col. 1st Light Dragoons; app. 
brij.-gen. provisional army 19 Julv, 1798. 

White, Charles, D.'D., pres.'ol Wabash 
Coll . Crawfordville, la. (1841-01), b. lian- 
dolpb, Vt., Dee. 28, 1795; d. Oct. 29, 1801. 
Dartm. Coll. 1821 ; And. Som. 1823. He re- 
moved to Thctford, Vt., in 1808; was settled 
tliere in 1824-8; at Cazenovia, N.Y., 1829-41. 
His sermons and adilrcsses were pub. in 1853. 

White, Edwaiiu D., gov. of La. in 1834- 
8. and .M.C. in 1829-34 and 18.19-43; d. New 
Orleans. Apr. 18, 1847. 

White, Hfoii Lawson. jurist and states- 
man, b. Iredell Co., N.C, 30 Oct. 1773; d. 
near Kuoxville, Tenn., 10 Apr. 1840. His fa- 
ther Gen. Ja.mes d. Kuoxville, Tenn., Aug. 



"Win 



97G 



1821, a. 72; he removed to Tenn. in 178G; 
M.C. 1792-4 ; l)ii(,'.-gcn. Tenn. vols. 2.3 Scpi. 
181.3, unil com. in a succcssl'ul mtiii-li on the 
Creeli Iniiians lU Ilillilieo Town, 18 Nov. 181.3. 
Hu;{li was ii vol. soldier against the Indians in 
1792; Htudieil law in Pliila. in 1794-0 ; began 
liractiec in Knoxville in 1790 ; app. U.S. dist.- 
atty. in 1807; judge of the Sup. Court 1801-7 
and 1809-1.5 ; State senator in 1807 and 1817; 
pres. of the State Bank of Tenn. 181.5; app. a 
comniiss. to adjust the claims of Spain against 
our ciiizcns in 1820 ; U.S. senator 182.5-.35 and 
1836-40, and i)rcs. pro tun. of that body in 
1832. In 1H36 he reeiivcd the electoral votes 
(26) of the States of Ua. and Tenn. for ]ire,s. 
of tlie U.S. — .Sec Memoir iy Niinaj N. ^roll, 
8vo, I'hila. 18.")6. 

White, John, a Puritan divine, and an 
efficient promoter of the settlement of Ms. 
Colony, nnd of Dorchester, Ms., b. Stanton, St. 
John, Oxfordshire, Eng., 1574; d. Dorchester, 
Eng.,^ 1648. Made ))erpet. fellow of New Coll., 
Oxford, 1595; was a frequent preacher in 0.\- 
ford ; rector of Trinity Church, Dorchester, 
1606; one of the assembly of divines IC4.3; 
rector of Lambeth 1645. Author of " The 
Planter's Plea, or the Grounds of Plantations 
Examined," &C., Lond. 4to, 16.30; "Way to 
the Tree of Life," &c., 8vo, 1047 ; " Comment, 
on .3 fir^t chap, of Genesis," 1056. 

White, CoL. John, a Ucvol. officer, b. Eng- 
land; d. Va. ab. 1780. Of Irish parentage. 
He acquired a fortune as surgeon in the British 
navy, and settled in Phila. lie entered the 
Uevol. army as capt., and wag Boon promoted 
to col. 4lh Ga. batt. During the siege of Sa- 
vannah, he performed one of the mo.si rrmiirka- 
ble feats ou record. With only 2 olliccrs, a 
Sergeant, and 3 men, by a Bncces>liil stralau'cm 
he made jirisoners of Ca|jt. Kniicli and 1 1 1 
British regulars, po.sted on tlie (Jgcchee Kiver, 
about 25 miles from Savannah; also the erewa 
of 5 vessels (40 in number), and 1.30 stand of 
arms. He was severely wounded at the assault 
of Sprinf;-hill redoubt, Oct. 9, 1779 (where 
Pulaski fell), and was obliged to retire from 
the army. — IJist. Mw/., ii. 181. 

White, John, MC. 1835-45; speaker 
27ih Congress, and jnilge 19lli jnd. dist. ; b. 
1805; shot himself in a fit of depression at 
Uiclinionil, Ky., Sept. 22, 1845. 

White, John Blaki;, artist and author, of 
Charleston, S.C. ; d. there Aug. 1859, a. 77. 
lie comniinci'd to .study law, but in 1803 wcut 
to Eng., and became the pupil of West. Some 
monlhs later, ho resumed the study of law 
in Charli'sion. Memlier of the Literary and 
Philos. .Society. lie exerllcd lus an bi -I. painter. 
Among his pictures arc "Mrs. .Motte present- 
ing the Arrows," "Marion inviiiiig the Brit- 
ili Officer to J)inncr," and " The Battles of 
New Orleans and Eutaw" (jilaced in the 
State House). lie wrote " Foscari," a play; 
"MysKn'ies of the Castle," a drama, 11^07; 
"Modern Honor," a tragedy, 1812; "Triuini)h 
of Liberty, or Louisiana Pnservc d," a nation- 
al drama, 1819. — IJisl. Mn;/., iii. 321. 

White, Joseph M., an enjinent and elo- 
quent lawver; ileleg. to Congress from Ela. 
't'err. 182.3-37; b. KriinkUn Co., Ky. ; d. St. 
Louis, Mo., 18 Oct. 1839. Author of ">"ew 



Collection of Laws, Charters, &e., of G. Bri:ain, 
France^ and Spain, relating to the Concessions 
of Land," &e., 2 vols. 8vo, 1K39. 

White, PKnuoaiNE, the lir^t Englislimnn 
born in New Eng. Son of Willi;iin tmd Su- 
sanna. Was born in "The Mayllower," in 
the harbor of Cape Cod, ab. Nov. 20, 1620; 
d. Marshfield, July 22, 1704. " He wa.s vijor- 
ons and of a comely aspect," and bore civil 
anrl military offices. 

White, Pmnv IIolton, clergyman and 
author, b. Springfield, Vt,, 6 Oct. 1822; d. 
Coventry, Vt., 24 Apr. 1869. Adm. to the bar 
of Windham Co., Vt., in 1843, he praeti^d 
law until 1K53 ; and was editor of the Braltlc- 
borough Eiiijle m 1851-2, aiul of tlie ETjin ss ;il 
Ainh('ist, Ms., in 1857-8. Ord. minister of 
Coventry 15 Feb. 1859; in the Vt. legisl. in 
1862-3; chaplain of the senate 1864-G; and 
w.as, at the time of his death, pres. of the \l. 
Hist. Soc. A i're(|Uent contrib. to newspajjcrs 
and magazines, lie pub. a number of address- 
es and sermons, and a " Hist, of Coveiitrv," 
185M, 8vo. 

White, KioiiAnD GnANT, philologist and 
scholar, b. N.Y. Citv, May 23, 1822. U. of 
N.Y. 1839. Son of Kichard Manslield White, 
inerch.-mt of N.Y. Studied inedieine and law, 
and was adm. to the bar in l."45. lie «o<;ii 
exchanged liiw for letters, and was connected 
with the N. y. Couriir und Eiiijtiirrr in l:<45-5'.l, 
with a brief interval, — at lirsi -a- > li;!. ..(' :irt 

and literature, but for the last r> udi-. 

In 1860,he,withMr. .LU. SpaMi:i_. ' iJ.., i, .1 
the World newspaper, butwiib.livw lium ii in 
1861. lie is a frequent eontriii. to the monrli- 
lies; wrote (or J 'iiliidm's Muiilhli/, vu CoW'ut'h 
new readings in Shakspeare, 1H53; and, beside 
other works, has jmb. " Sh.-ikspearc's Scholar," 
in 1854; an edition of Sliakspcarc, 1857-9; 
"National Hymns," N.Y., 1801; "Appeal 
from tlic Sentence of the Bishop of N.Y.," 
8vo, 1845; "Hand-Book of Chnslian Art," 
lt<53; "Essay on the Authorship of King 
Henry the Sixth," 1859; "Poetry of the Civil 
War, Selected and lOdit' d," 1h66; edited llio 
" Record of the N.Y. Exhibition," and the 
" Book-Hunter," &c., with additional noti-s, 
1863; was a co-founder of YunLrr lioodic, 
IS46-7. Contrib. to Ajipleton's " New Amer. 
Cyelopnjdia." 

White, Wii;LiAM,D.D. (I'hila. Coll. 17S3), 
first I'r.-Epis. bishop of Pa., b. Phila. Apr. 4, 
1748; d. there July 17, 1830. Phila. Coll. 17u.5. 
Son of Col. Thomas, who emig. liora London 
to Md. He studied theology, and was ailm. 
while in Eng. to jiriest'.s orders, in Apr. 1772. 
In Lond. he made the Bcqn,aiiitance of Johnson 
and Goldsmith. On his return to Phil.i. in 
Sept. he was s( ttled as on as.si.^tant mini-.tcr 
of Christ Church and St. Peter's, nnd 15 Apr. 
1779 was chosen rector of the.se churches. 
Dining the Kevol. war bo was a friend of 
Washington and his associates, and was elect- 
ed chaplain to Congress at Vorktown in 1777. 
At one time he was the only Ejjis. clergyman 
in Pa. Dr. White jiresided at the liivt Epis. 
conviintion lield Sej)t. and Oct. 1785, and the 
constitution of the church was written by bim ; 
in 17S6, being bijliop elect of the diocese of 
Pa., he proceeded to Eng. with Dr. Provoost 



977 



~WH1 



to receive bishop's ontirs ; was conscc. by the 
Archbishop of Canlerlmry, Feii. 4, 1787, nnd 
returiicil on Knstrr IXiy, 17.s7. Prs. of the 
Bil)li' Soricty of I'hihi., the first ostulilishod in 
thr U.S. ; j)rr.s. of tlic Dispensary from it.f 
ori;,'in in I7S4, of the I'rison .Soiiily siiiee its 
ori^;in, of the soeieties lor the ])i;if and Dnnili, 
and for th" Blind. \Viili liishoj) Siahnry, lie 
had the eliief purl in revi^in;; the " Book of 
Common Prayer " for tlie Epis. Cliiux'li in tliis 
conniry. Ilia chief pnl«. are Memoira of the 
Prot.-l5;pis. Chnrch i;i tlie U.S., Iti20; "Coni- 
])urative Viewi of the Controversy between 
the Calvini.sts and Arminians," 1817; " Lec- 
tnrcs on tlie Cateehisni, and Commentaries on 
the Onl. SiTviee," 1813. He was diiiin^. for 
exinipliiry zral and consnminate prudence. A 
Memoir of Bishop White liy Dr. Bird Wilson 
wn< pull, ill I8."9. 

White, William Ciiarlks, aetor and 
draiiiali-t, li. Boston, 1777 ; d. Woive.sler, May 
J, lM,s. The son of a merchant, llecpiitte'd 
the counting-room for the stn^e in I7'JC, ap- 
ixariii;; at the Federal-st. Theatre, Dec 14, as 
Xonal. Ill' at the same time prodnceil a tra;;e- 
dy, "Orlando," but, not meetinp; with mncli 
encoura-enient, turned his attention to the 
law, !ind o|iened an o.Tice in Providence in 
1800, Imta^r.in took to the stage, which hi> quit- 
ted finally in the summer of 1801. lie was 
app. county attv. in l^^l 1. Pub. a Com]Kndium 
ot the Laws of Ms. in 1810, 3 vols. 8vo, and 
in the same year produced " The Clerj;vman's 
Dau);litcr " and " The Poor Ijodger." lie was 
an editor of the Xntiniml .lyiis. He pnlilished 
"Oration at Rutland, .1 Jiily," Worc. 1802; 
"Orntiou at Boston, 4 .July, 1809." 

WhitefleldjGiionoE, a celebrated preach- 
er, Ibnnder of the Calvinistie Methodists, b. 
Gloucester, Kng., Y)n: IG, 1714; d. Newbiiry- 
liort, Ms., Sept. 30, 1770. He received the 
rudiments of liis education in his native town, 
where Ids mother kept an inn, but in 1733 en- 
terc<l Pembroke Coll., Oxford, where be joined 
tlic> society tbrmrd by the Wesleys, named, from 
the strietniiis of tluir rules, Methodists. Adm. 
to orilers June 20, 17.1fi. After taking his 
bachelor's degrre at Oxford, he preached at 
various jilaees, ex< iting ^'reaf entliusiasm. Vis- 
iiinir (iiorgia in 173s, the tru-ti'cs of the Colo- 
ny presented him to the liviuj; of Savannah 
(thoiigli he insisted u|)on havinf; no salary), and 
grunted him 500 acR-s of laud for his intended 
orphan-house. Ord. priest Jan. 14, 1739, ho 
resumed preaching in Ltmdon and elsewhere, 
being oliligi'd l)y the vaat crowds which at- 
tended to preach in the ojku air. From this 
fcriod the origin of Methodism is to be dated, 
^niharkinj; again in Aug., he landed in Pa. in 
Oct., prcni-licd to inmii'useeongreg.'ilions in the 
Aliddle and Southern States, and larly in Jan. 
1740 arrived at Savannah, where he founded, 
and in a gii-at meaanix' cstaMislied, his orphan- 
house by the na;i:e of Ilrtbesda. Alli r jireach- 
ing in Jv. Kng. by invitation of the ministiTs 
of Boston, nililressing 20,000 [lersons on Bos- 
ton Common, lie sailed lor Fng. in Jan. 1741. 
Separating himself Irom Wesley, whose Ar- 
niinian sentiments be disapproved, bo now be- 
gan to form distinct societies of jicrsons who 
beld Calvinistie sentiments in liigland and 



Scotland, preaching in all the principal town* 
Arriving again in this country in Oct. 1744, ho 
met at lii-st with mueli opposition in X.Iv, Ilarv. 
Coll. issuing a "testimony" against him, and 
many of the clergy lieing"e<pinlly bostil". Be- 
fore setting ont lor Ga., lie hail, however, con- 
verted 20 pastors. His littli visit to America 
(by liim considered bis most important cx- 
jieilition, extending from Ca. to N.II.) bistcd 
(rom May, 1754, to March, 1755; and his 
seventh and last landing upon oiir shores took 
Iilace Nov. 30, 1769. After preaching in dif- 
tcnnt places, liis strength wivs exhau^tid, and 
he died of the asthma. His sermons, letters, 
and controversial tracts, have been ]iiib. in 7 
vols. 8vo, and also an account of his life writ- 
ten by (iillics, lie |)ub. a Journal of bis life 
in 1756. His eloipienco was wonderful, bis 
voice powerful, ridi, and sweet ; and Dr. Frank- 
lin estimated that 30,000 profile might hear 
him distinellv when preaching in tlu ouen air. 

Whitefleld, Jamus, D.D. (liome; 1825), 
R. C. archbishop of Baltiniore, b. Liverpool, 
Eng., Nov. 3, 1770; d. Baltimore, Oct. 19, 
18.34. Receiving a good education, he devoted 
himself for a lime to inriTaiitile pui-siii:s. He 
studied divinity with Ambrose Marechale ; was 
ord. in 1809; emig. to Baltimore in Sept. 1817; 
was immediately apt) one of the ])a.stors of St. 
Peter's ; and succeeded Bisliop Marc'ehal in the 
iirchiepiseopate, Mav 25, l.'-2s. 

Whitehead, \Villiam Adek, historian, 
b. Newark, N. J., 19 Feb. 1810. Collector of 
customs at Key West, Fla., 1830-8; suliso- 
qnintly connected with dillercnt railroad com- 
panies. Author of " East Jersey under the 
Proprietary Govt.," 8vo, 1 846 ; " Biog. Sketch 
of Gov. Win. Franklin," 1848; "Robbery of 
the Treasury of East Jer.sey in 1768," 18S0; 
"Early Hi.st. of Perth Anilioy," 8vo, 1856; 
"Northern Boundary-Line between N. J. and 
N. Y.," &c., 1859; "Eastern Boundary of 
N..I.," 8vo, 1866; "Index to N.J. Col. Docii- 
nnnts,"8vo; "Settlement of Elir.alieth, N.J.," 
a pniier bef. the N.J. Hist. Soc. 20 May, 1869. 
Edited the pam-rs of Lewis Morris, with Me- 
moir, 1852. Corresp. see. N.J. Hist. Society, 
and editor of soitie of its " Proceedings." — 
Mlihmr. 

Whitehouse, Hekry John, D.D. (Col. 
Coll. 1865), D.C.L. (Camb., Eng., 1867), Pr.- 
Epis. bishop of Illinois, b. New York, Aug. 
lf-03. Col. Coll. 1821; Gen. Tlicol. Sem. 1824. 
Ord. deacon 1824; priest 1S27; 15 years rec- 
tor of St. Luke's, Rochester; rector of St. 
Thomas's, New York, 1844-51 ; conscc. assist, 
bishop of HI. Nov. 20, 1851 ; succeeded to the 
si'C on the death of Bi.sliop Chase, 1852. He 
preached the scnnon b fore the Pan-Anglican 
Council, Iyon(b>n, in 1867. 

Whitfield, lli;xRT, first minister of Guil- 
ford, Ct., b. Eng. 1597; d. Winches:, r, Eng., 
aller 1651. The only son of an opulint law- 
yer, and educated to ill" law, but, ]mlerring the 
"ministry, ho took ordci-s, ami was mini;-ter of 
Okcly in Surrey, where h' I'tit'rtained the Pu- 
ritim" divines during Laud's |.ersecution. In 
1639 he emig. to America, and became one of 
the founders of Guilford, but ri'tumcd in le-IO. 
He pub. an account of the progn-ss of tlii' gos- 
pel among the Indians in 1651 ("The Light 



~<;viii 



978 



"VSTEH 



Appearing more and more towards the Perfect 
J)ay,"&c.); "Helps to Stir up to Christian 
Duties," London, 1634. 

Whiting, Daniel Poweds, lieut.-eolonel 
U.^.A., h X.Y. West Point, 1832. Entering 
the 7th Inf., he became eapt. 18 April, 1845; 
maj. lOth Inf 20 Dee. 1860; lieut.-eol. 6th Inf. 
15 Feb. 1862; retired 4 Xov. 1863. llesened 
in the Florida war 1839-42 and 1849-50; in 
t'le Mexican war at defence of Fort Brown, 
sie-e of Vera Cruz, and liattles of Monterey 
and Ccrro Gordo, lor which he was hrev. 18 
April, 1847. Author of " Anny Portfbho," a 
scries of views illustrating the Mexican war, 
lSi9. — Ciillum. 

Whiting, Henry, hrcv. brig. -gen. U.S.A., 
b. Ms. ; d^ bt. I^uis, Mo., 16 Sept. IS.'Jl. Sun 
of Col. .John (b. Lancaster, 1759, d. Washing- 
ton, DC, .') Sept. 1810), a Revol. officer, iipp. 
lieut.col. 4th Inf 8 July, 1808, col. 5th Inf 31 
Dec. 18i'y. Alter a brief clerkship in the dry- 
goods store of Amos Lawrence, Boston, he 
was app. cornet of dragoons 2U Oct. 1808; 
was disting. at the capture of Fort George, 
V.C., May, 1813 ; made eapt. Mar. 1817 ; dep. 
qnartcrm.-gen. 7 July, 1838; assist, quartern), 
(rank of col.) 21 April, 1845; brev. brig.-gen. 
for services at Bucna Vista 23 Feb. 1847 ; 
chief quartermaster of Gen. Taylor's army in 
Mexico. He edited " The Eevol. Orders of 
Gen. Washington, 1778-82," 1844. Author 
of " Ontway, the Son of the Forest," a poem, 
1822; '■ Saiinilac," a poem, 1831 ; co-author 
of " Hist, and Scient. Sketches of Michigan," 
1834; author of " The Age of Steam," &e. ; 
" Life of Z.M.Pike," in Sparks's " Am.Biog.," 
vol. XV. ; and contrib. 14 articles to the iV. A. 
Hen. ,i: 

Whiting, Col. Nathaniel, b. Windham, 
Ct., 4 iMay, 1724; d. 1771. Y.C. 1743. Son 
of Rev. Samuel, first minister of Windliam 
(1700-25). He served with distinction' in tlie 
cxped. against Cape Breton in 1745, and the 
Same year was app. a lieut. in PeiipercU's 
regt. ; app. in 1755 lieut. -col. of the 2d Ct. 
Regt. for the expcd. against Crown Point; was 
present in the engagement near Lake George, 
and, when Col. Williams was killed, succeeded 
to the com. ; in 1758 he was again app. col. of 
the 2d Ct. Kegt. ; shared in Abcrcrombie's de- 
feat at Ticonderoga ; and in 1759-60 in Am- 
herst's campaigns, ending in the conquest of 
Canada. 

Whiting, Samuel, first minister of Lynn, 
Ms., fVoni Nov. 8, 1636, to his death Dec. 11, 
1679, b. Boston, Eng., 20 Nov. 1597. Cam- 
bridge D., Eiig. Son of John, mayor of Bos- 
ton, England. He arrived at fJoston, May 26, 
1636. Autlior of " Oratto qnani Comttlis Can- 
tall Amcriranis," &c., 1664; treatise on the 
Last Judgment, 1049. Ills sou Sa.miiel was 
lir^t minister of Billcrica from 1663 to his d. 
Feb. 28, 1713; H.U. 1653. Joseph his son, 
nl.M) minister of Lynn, d. April 7, 1723, a. 82 ; 
11. U. 1661. 

Whiting, William, lawver, b. Concord, 
Ms., March 3, 1813. H.U. 1833; Camb. Law 
Scliool, 1S38. A descendant of the preceding. 
Ab. 1838 he began practice in Boston ; attained 
'ligh rank at the bar, and has been engaged in 
many iinport;int cases. Shortly after the civil 



war began, he advocated an entire change in 
the policy of the govt, in carrying it on. His 
" War Powers of the President, and the Legis- 
lative Powers of Congress in Relation to Re- 
bellion. Treason, and Slavery," 8vo, 1862, met 
a great want of the country, and first forniu- 
luted its war-powers. Recent editions of this 
work include "Military Arrests in Time of 
War," " Reconstruction of the Union," and 
"Military Govt." Summoned in 1862 to 
Washington as solicitor of the war dept.. Ids 
services for 3 years in that capacity were highly 
arduous and responsible. He was 5 years prcs. 
of the N. E. Hist.-Genealogica! Society. Au- 
thor also of some pamphlets ; Memoir of Rev. 
Joseph Uarriugtou, prefixed to his sermons, 
1854.— Ih,,i.-h;,u-h. 

Whiting, Gen. William Henry Chase, 
b. Ms. 1825 ; d. Governor's Island, N.Y., Mar. 
10, 1865. West Point, 1845. Son of Lieut. - 
Col. Levi. Entered engineers; was 1st lieut. 
Mar. 16, 1853; cajit. 13 Dec. 1858; and re- 
signed Feb. 20, 1861. Chief en'.'r. (rank of 
major) in the Army of the Shenandoah, under 
Gen. J. E. Johnston, in June and July, 1861 ; 
was app. brig.-gen.. and com. a brigade whose 
timely arrival saved for the Confederates the 
battle ot Bull Run, Julv 21 ; took ]iart in the 
battle of West Point, Va., May 7, 1862 ; and 
was made a maj.-gen. in 1863. He built and 
was put in com. of Fort Fisiier, N.C., in the 
autumn of 1864; w.as in charge during both 
attacks; and was severely woniuled anil taken 
prisoner on its capture by Gen. Terry, Jan. 15, 
1865. 

Whitman, Ezekiel, judge and M.C., b. 
East Bridgewater. Ms., March 9, 1776; d. 
there Aug. 1, 1866. Brown U. 1795. He 
settled as a lawyer in the Dist. of Me. in 1799 ; 
established himself in Portland in Jan. 1807 ; 
was a member of the exec, council in 181 5 and 
'16, and of the Const. Conv. of 1819 ; was 
chief justice of the Common Pleas 1822-41, 
and also of the Supreme Court of Me., presid- 
ing as snch from 1841 to 1848 ; was M.C. from 
Ms. in 1809-11 and 1817-21, and from Me. 
in 1821-3. Author of " Genealogy of the 
Desccnilants of John Whitman," 1832. 

Whitman, Sarah Helen (Power), 
poetess, b. Providence, R.I., 1813. In 1828 
she m. John Wiiislow Whitman, a lawyer of 
Boston, since whose death, in 1833, she has 
resided in Providence. She has pub. " Hours 
of Life and Other Poems," 1853 ; " Edi;ar I'oc 
and his Critics," 1859; and critical articles on 
European writers. Portions of her Fairy Bal- 
lads were written by her sister, Anna Marsh 
Power. 

Whitman, Walter ("Walt"), poet, b. 
West Hills, N. v., 1819. Has Iwen a printer, 
school-teacher, editor, a clerk in the dept. of 
the interior, Washington, and 186.5-70 a clerk 
in the office of the U.S. attv.-gen. Author of 
" Leaves of Grass," 1st ed. '1855, 3d ed. 18G0; 
"Drum-Taps," 186.5-6; collected poems, 8vo, 
1867 ; poems selected and edited by W. M. 
Rossciti, London, 8vo, 1868. — .■l////»ii<'. 

Whitmore, Edward, gen., drowned in 
Plymouth Bay, Feb. 1761. At the second 
Capture of Louisburg, in 1758, he was military 
gov. of the place; col. 22d Regt., and brig.-gen 



979 



WHitmore, W^illiam Hen-ry, nntiquarv, 
b. Doichcsiur, Ms , Si-pl. 6, 1836. Son of"a 
miTch.iiit of Boston, and educated in the 
silmiils of that city. He has piih. " Resjister 
ot Midlord Families." \S5b ; Genealogies of 
Whiiinorc, Teiniile, (I8.')i)), Lane, Kevner, 
and Whijiple (18.57), Norton, (18S9), Ayres 
(1870) ; " Handbook of Ainer. Geneal.," ISG'J; 
"Notes on the Winihrop Family," 1S6+; 
"The Cavalier Dismonnted," 1804; " Anier. 
GenealoKist," 1868 ; edited Praed's Poems, 
1860. Many years an active inemter of the 
N. K. Hi-toric-Gencal. Soc., in whose lieglster 
many of his articles have appeared. Editor of 
several of the Prince Societv's publications ; 
"Elements of Herajdrv," 1866; "Ms. Civil 
List I6.i6-I774," Svo, "l871 ; and of vols, i., 
ii., and iv., [hraltlic Juur. ; and has con- 
tributed articles to the A'. A. Reclev), Apple- 
ton's •' N'ew American Cyclop.," and the Knick- 
erhorher. 

Whitney, Adeline D., b. Boston, 1824. 
Dan. of Iviuch Train ; wife of Seth I). Whit- 
ney of Milton, Ms. Author of " Footsteps on 
the Seas," a poem, 18.57 ; " Mother Goose for 
Grown Folks," 1860; "Boys at Chequasset," 
186i; "Faith Gartney's Girlhood," 186.3; 
"The Gayivorthys," 1865; "A Summer in 
Leslie Goldthwaite's Life," 1866; "Patience 
Stron<,''s Outings," 1868; "Hitherto," 1869; 
"Heal Folks," 1872. Contrib. to Our Yottng 
Folhs. Old and Xew, Atlfmhc Moiil/J,/, &c. 

W^hitney, Eli, inventor of the cotton-gin, 
b. Westborongh, .Ms., Dec. 8, 1765; d. N. 
Haven, Ct., Jan. 8, 1825. Y. C. 1792. He 
early displayed mechanical genius, and partly 
by teaching, and partly by other labor, obtained 
the means of a college education. In 1792 he 
went to Ga. as a tcacher,'and, while studying 
law, was invited by the widow of Gen. Greene 
to make her house his home. While there, his 
attention was drawn to the difficulty in sepa- 
rating cotton from the seed, and for months he 
was engaged in constructing a cotton-gin, nn- 
dcr great difficulties ; being compelled to draw 
his iron wire, as he could obtain none in Sa- 
vannah, and to make his own tools. Rumors 
of this invention were noised about ; and, before 
it was linished, the building in which it was 
placed was broken open by nijht, and the 
machine carried off. Before he could complete 
his model, and obtain ap!itenl,siniiliir machines 
had ben surreptitiously made, and put in opera- 
tion. A Mr. Miller became a partner in May, 
179.3; and Whitnev manuf. the machines in 
Ct. The legisl. of 'S.C. granted him S50,000 
for his invention, which, after vexatious delays 
and lawsuiis, was finally paid. North Caro- 
lina allowed a percentage for its use 5 years, 
and collected and paid it over to the patentees. 
Tennessee promised to do the same, but after- 
ward rescinded her contract. For years he 
struggled on; lawsuits being wrongfully de- 
cided against him ; his manufactory destroyed 
by fire; reports that his machine injured the 
fibre of the cotton ; Congress refusing, on ac- 
count of tlie opjiosiiion of the Southern mem- 
bers, to allow a renewal of the patent; until, 
SHtisfiiil that he should never receive a just 
compensation for his great invention, he en- 
gaged ill making fire-arras for govt., from which 



he eventually gaine<i a fortune. He applied 
several of his inventions to other manufactures 
of iron and'sieil. — A/>i>l<'tott. 

Whitney, Frkderick Auoustds, pastor 
at Hrigh.uii, .Ms., 184.3-58, b. Quinev, -Ms., 1.3 
Sept. 1812. H.U. 18-3.3 ; Camb. Tlieol. School 
1838. Author of "Hist. Sketch of the Old 
Church at Qiiincy, Ms.," 1864; " Biog. of 
James lloltoii," 1865 ; " Oration at nedicatiou 
of Soldiers' Monument, Brighton, Ms.," 1866 ; 
also school and S^ school reports, .sermons, 
addresses, hymns, and articles in periodicals. 

Whitney, Josi.\n Dwight, geologist, b. 
Northam]>tnii. Ms., 23 Nov. 1819. Y.C. 18-39. 
Prof, of geol. and metallurgy in H.U. since 1865. 
Author of " Use of the Blowpi|)e," &c., transl. 
from Berzelius, Svo, 1845 ; " Metallic Wealth 
of the U.S.," Svo, 1 854 ; " Geol Survey of 
California," 4to, 18C5; "Yosemite Guide- 
Book," 1869 ; with J. W. Foster, " Report on 
the Geol., &c.,of Lake Superior," 1850-1 ; with 
James Hall, " Report on the Geol. Survey of 
Ohio," Svo ; " Report of Geol. Survey of the 
Upper Mpi. Lead Region," Svo, 1 862. Contrib. 
to scicntitic and lit<-'rury journals. — AHihone. 

Whitney, Petee, author of a History 
of Worcester Couutv (8vo, 1793), b. North- 
borough, Sept. 6, r744 ; d. Feb. 29, 1816. 
H.U. f762. Ord. pastor of Northborough, Nov. 
4, 1767. Of his sons, Peter was minisier of 
Quincy 1800-43 ; George (1804-42), minister 
of Roxhury (1831-42), was anihor of a His- 
tory of Quincy, Svo, 1827. 

Whitney, Thomas R., writer and poli- 
tician, b. X. Y. City 1804; d. Apr. 12, 185S. 
He served two years in the State Assembly ; 
was M.C. in 1 855-7 ; ami was at one time editor 
of the -V. Y. Sunt/ai/ Times. Author of a poem 
called the "Ambuscade," 1S45; and a poli- 
tical work entitled " The American Policy 
Vindicated," Svo, 1856. 

Whitney, Willi.\ji Dwight, Ph. D. 

(U. of Breslau, 1861), LL,D. (Wms. 1868), 
philologist, b. Northampton, Ms., Feb. 9, 1827. 
Wms. Coll. 1845. He stuilied at Berlin au'l 
Tubingen ; transcribed from tbc Sanscrit MSS. 
the "Aiharva - Vrdtt'' and wiib Prof. Roth pub. 
it (Berlin, IS56). In 1853 he returned home ; 
in 1854 was made prof of Sanscrit in Y.C, an<l 
became an active officer of the Oriental Society. 
He is one of the co-laborers of Bohtlingk and 
Roth in the Sanscrit Dictionary, pub. at St. 
Petersburg. He has contrib. articles on Orien- 
tal Philology and Literature to the New Awier. 
Cyelopa;dia. In 1870 he received from the 
Roy. Acad, of Sciences of Berlin a prize for a 
work on Sanscrit Orthography, He has been 
a contrib. to the A'. A. Rtview, the New-Eng- 
Iftnder, the Joitrnaf of th*^ Am. Otimlal Societif, 
&c. Prcs. of the Am. Philol. Soc. 1869 ; meiii- 
ber of many learned societies. He pub. 
" Lectures on Language," 1867 ; a " German 
Grammar," IS69 ; "German Reader," 1870. 

Whiton, Jons Milton, D.I). (N.J. Coll. 
1848), clecgvinan and author, b. Winchendon, 
Ms., Aug. r, 1785 ; d. Antrim, NIL, Sept. 28, 
1856. Y.C. 1805. Son of Dr. Israel. Ord. 
pastor of the church in Antrim, Sept. 28, 1808.. 
continuing till 1853. He pub. a History of 
Antrim, 1852; a History of N. Hampshire lot 
schools, 1834; and at the time of his death 



980 



-wt:ii 



was preparinj; a History of PresI f terianism in 
N.H. In 1846 he pub." in the X.'ll. Re/msilon/ 
a statistical account of the Con^. and Prosb. 
ministers of Hillsborough County. 

Whittetnore, Amos, inventor, b. Cam- 
biiii-e, Ms., Apr. 19, 1759; d. W. Cambridfie, 
Mar. 27, 1828. The son of a farmer. He 
worked for some years as a gunsmith, and 
finally formed a coparliiership with his bro. 
and others for the u'.anuf. of cotton and wool 
cards. He soon after invented a machine for 
puncturing the leather, and setting the wires, — 
a work previously performed by hand. He 
found the greatest difficulty in bending the 
wires to a given angle alter they were finally 
fastened in the leather, and was on the point 
of abandoning the attempt, when in a dream 
he discovered the method of effecting it. The 
invention was patented in 1797, ami it was 
sold for $150,000; but afterward Samuel his 
bro. repurchased it, and carried on the business. 
Amos devoted his later years to the invention 
of an orrery, in which every planet was to 
describe its own orbit, but did not live to com- 
plete it. — Hoiiv's Hist, of Inventors. 

Whittemore, Thomas, I).U.,clergvman, 
li. Bo^tun, Jan. 1, 1800; d. Cambridge^ Ms., 
Mar. 21, 1861. Apprenticed successively to a 
morocco-dresser, a brass-founder, and a boot- 
maker, and finally studied for the ministry 
under Rev. H. Ballon. In April, 1821, he was 
pastor of a Universalist church in Milford, 
Ms. ; in 1822-31 he preached in Cambridge- 
port, and resided in Cambridge till he died. 
Joint editor of the Universalist Maq., and in 
1828 began to pub. the Trumpet, a Universalist 
newspaper in Boston, of which he was sole 
editor and proprietor for nearly .30 years. Pres. 
of the Vt. and Ms. Railroad, and represented 
Cambridge repeatedly in the State legisl. In 
18-30 he pub. a " History ot Universalism," 
which he afterward enlarged, the first vol. ap- 
pearing in 1860, and the second being, at the 
time of his death, nearly ready fur the press. 
His other works are, " Notes and Illustrations 
of the Parables," 18.32 ; "Songs of Zion," 
1836; "Plain Guide to Universalism," 1839; 
" The Gospel Harmonist," 1841 ; " Conference 
Hymns," 1842 ; " Sunday-school Choir," 1844 ; 
"Commentary on Revelation," 1838 ; "Com- 
mentary on Daniel ; " " Lives of Walter Bal- 
tbur and Hosea Ballou ; " " Autobiography," 
12mo, 1860. 

Whittier, John Greenleaf, poet, b. Ha- 
verhill, Ms., Dee. 17, 1807. Joseph his grand- 
father, grandson of Thomas of Newbury, b. 
1716, d. H. 10 Oct. 1796, m. Sarah Greenleaf 
of Newbury. John G. worked on a farm until 
IS. writing occasional verses for the Ilitverlilll 
Gazette, and turning his hand to shoemaking. 
After two years' study at the town acad., he 
became in 1829 editor, at Boston, of the/lmer. 
Mmnifactarer , a newspaper in the tarittintcrest. 
In 1830 he succeeded to Braincrd's pajier at 
Hartford, and wrote the prefatory memoir of 
that poet for his " Remains," pub. 1832 ; edit. 
Gazette at Haverh. 1832 and 1836. In 18.31 
appeared his " Legends of New Kngland ; " its 
sequel, " The Supernaturalism of New Kng- 
land," it) 1847 ; " Moll Pitcher," a tale of a witch 
of Nahant ; " " Mogg Megone," an Indian 



story, 1836 ; and " The Bridal of Penn.icoolt,' 
also an Indian jxjcm. In 1 S.33 he pub. an essay 
entiilcil "Justice and K.xpcdiency, or Slavery 
considered with a View to its Abolition." 
After a few years S|ient at home in farming, 
and representing his town in the State legisl. 
(1835-6), he engaged in the proceeiliugs of ihe 
AntisUivery Society ; was elected its sei'. in 
1836; and, in defence of its principles, edited 
the Pa. Freeman in Phila. in 1838-40. " The 
Voices of Freedom" (1841) aflbrd the lic<t 
specimen of his antislavery effusions. In 1840 
Mr. Whittier took up his residence at Ames- 
biiry, where he h.ts since resided, and whence 
he forwarded his contribs. to the Nallonal Era, 
Washington. He has also jvub. " Songs of 
Labor and Other Poems," 1848; "Old Por- 
traits and Modern Sketches," 1850; "The 
Chapel of the Hermits and Other Poems," 
1852; " Leaves from Margaret Smith's Jour- 
nal," 1848; "Literary Recreations," 18.^2: 
"The Panorama and Other Poems," 1856; 
" Home Ballads and Poems," 1859 ; " In War- 
Time,"1863; " Snow-Bound," 1865; "Tent 
on the Beach," 1867; "Among the Hills," 
1868; "Ballads of New England," 1869; 
" Miriam," 1870 ; " The Stranger in Lowell " 
(prose), 1845 ; " National Lyrics," 1865 ; 
"Maud Muller," 1866. Several " complete " 
collections of his works have been pub. ; the 
la>t, Sept. 1869, in 4 vols. His sister Ei.iz.i- 
EETH H. Whittier, poetess, d. Aniesijurv, 
Ms., Sept. 3, 1864. 

Whittingham, Wh.mam Roi.mnson, 

D.D. (Col. Coll. 1837), LLD., Prot.-Ep. bish- 
op of Md. (consec. 17 Sept. 1840), h. N.Y. Citv, 
Dec. 2, 1805. Gen. Theol. Sem. 1825. Adm. 
to the ministry in 1827, and became rector of 
St. Luke's, N.Y., in 1831. In 18.35 he was 
elected to the chair of cedes, hist, in the Gen. 
Theol. Sem. "He has edited ihe /uimlli/ Visitor, 
Olnl<lren*s Afng., the Chnrrhman (weekly), also 
the " Parish Library," 13 vols. He has also 
pub. occas. sermons. 

Whittlesey, Col. Charles, author, b. 
Southiiigtun, Ct., 5 Oct. 1808. In 1813 his 
familv moved to Talhnadge, O. West Point, 
1831.' Resigned .30 Sept. 18.32. Counsellnr- 
at-law, Cleveland, O.. 1835. Editor Chvrland 
Herald 1836-7; emploved on geol. survey of 
Ohio 1837-8, and on nnneral. and geol. survevs 
1848-50, 185.3-6, 1858-60. Assist, quarterni.- 
gen. of O. 1861-2 ; in Western Va. campaign 
July-Aug. 1861 ; in'camp. of 1861-2 as col. 
20th O. Vols, in Ky. and Tenn. ; and engaged 
at Fort Donelson and at Shiloh, in which he 
com. the 3il brigade of Wallace's division, ren- 
dering important service in the second day's 
fight; i-esigned 19 A|)r. 1862. Author 'of 
"Life of John Filch," in Sparks's " Amer. 
Biog.," vi. ; " Ancient Mining on Lake Supe- 
rior," 1862 ; " Glacial Drift of the North-west. 
States," 1866 (in Sinithson. Contribs.); "Early 
Historv of Cleveland," 8vo, 1867 ; " Sketch of 
the Settlement of Talhnadge, ().," 1842 ; " Dc- 
script.of Ancient Works in Ohio," 1851 (Smith- 
son. Contribs., vol. iii.) ; " Fugitive Essays," 
1 854 ; besides some 30 essays, reports, &c. 
Col. W. founded, and is pres. of, the Western 
Reserve Ilist. Soc. of Cleveland. 

Whittlesey, rRBDEKiCK, jurist, b. Wash 



■vvTn 



981 



WXK 



injton, Ct., 12 June. i:y3; d. Roclicstir, S.Y., 
I'J Sept. 18.J1. YC. 1S18. Ailm. to ihu bar 
at Lliica, H.Y., in 1S21 ; sctileil in K(J.■lle:^ter 
ill 1S22; was eilitor and piopiiiior ol a politi- 
cal newspaper prominent in tlie anti-.Masonie 
partv; M.C. in 1831-5: i ice elianeeilor Sill 
jnd."di^t. IS-SO-tT; jnd-e Sup Court 1847-8; 
prol. of law ill Ueneva Coll. IS50-1. lie pub. 
ud 'nss, 4 July, 1S4-J, Rochester. 

Whittredtge, Wobtiungton-, landseape- 
puiiiter, b Ohio, ISiU. His ancestors were 
anion;,' the early settlers of Cape Ann, his la- 
ther an early cini^Tant to the West. The son 
painted portraits and landscapes in Cincinnati ; 
was in liurope in 1849-59, and then established 
himself in N.V. City. Among his productions 
are " Twilight on the Shawangunk Mountains," 
" The Old Uuniing-Ground," " Lake George." 
" Berkeley's Seat," " Rnins of Tusculuni," "A 
Hundred Years Ago," " The Roman Cara- 
pagna," and " The Plains at the Base of the 
Rocky Mountains." His "Old Kentucky 
Hume," and " Coast of Rhode Island," were 
sent to thy Paris Kxposiiion of 1867. In 1860 
he explored the West, attached to Gen. Pope's 
stair, and brought back u large and valuable 
coll. of sketches. 

Wickham, John, LL.D., lawyer, b. 
Southold, LI., 176.3; d. Richmond, Va., 17 
Jan. 1839. Intended for the army, he studied 
one year at Arras, France; settled in Williams- 
burg in 1783 ; engaged in the practice of law 
in 1787; and in 1790 removed to Richmond, 
Va , where he acquired a high reputation, and 
was long at the luad of the bar of Virginia. 

Wiekliffe, Ch.vrles A., U.S. postmasier- 
geii. 18H-3, b. Bardstown, Kv., June 8, 1788 ; 
d. Howard Co., Md., Oct. 31, '1869. Educated 
at the Bardstown grammar-school ; studied 
law, and attained a high position at the bar. 
In 1812 he was aide to Gen. Caldwell at the 
battle of the Thames ; was a member of the 
legisl. in 1812-23; M.C. in 1S23-33; again 
elected to the legist., he was speaker in 1834 ; 
was elected lieut.-gov. in 1836, and became act- 
ing gov. in 1839. In 1845 he was sent to Texas 
by I'res. Polk on a secret mission ; was a mem- 
ber of the State Const. Conv. in 1849; was a 
member of the Peace Congress in Feb. 1S61 ; 
M.C. 1861-3; anddelcgatetotheChicagoconv. 
1864. His stately and aristocratic bearing, and 
his contempt for the poorer classes, earned for 
him the sobriquet of "the Uuke." 

Wigglesworth, K»\vard, D.D., Ilollis 

prof ol divinitv H. U. 1765-91, b. Feb. 7, 
1732; d. Cambridge, June 17, 1794. U.U. 
1749 with the first honors. His father Kd- 
■VVARD, D.D. (H.U.1710), W.1S Brst Hollis prof 
Oct. 24, 1722, until his death, Nov. 19, 1765 
(a. 72), and prominent as a controversial wri- 
ter. The son was made tutor at H.U. 1764. 
An original member of the Acad, of Arts and 
Sciences, and a man of great learning. He 
pub. the Dudlcian LtTinres on the Errors of 
the Roman Church, 1777 ; '• Calcnlati(ms on 
American Population," &c., 1773. — All'ii. 

Wigglesworth, Col. Edw.\rd, Revol. 
oftii.r. b. Ip-wich, .Ms., 3 Jan. 1742; d. Xcw- 
Duryport, s Dec. 1826. H. U. 1761. Son of 
Kev. Samuel of Ipswich (1714-68), and grand- 
ton of Ucv. ilicbael. Commiss. col. bv tlie 



Prov. Congress 24 June, 1776, and 3d in com- 
mand of Arnold's flotilla on Lake Champlaio 

5 Sept. 1776; commiss. col. 13th Ms. Regt. 

6 Nov. 1776 ; resigned 10 Mar. 1779 ; app. by 
Pres. W.isliington coll. of Newburyport. 

Wigglesworth, Mich.vkl, poet and cler- 
gyman, b. Eng. Oct. 18, 1631 ; d. .\l.ildeu, Ms., 
June 10, 1703. H. U. 1651. Son of Edward 
of X. Haven, ami came with him to this coun 
try in 1638. After graduating, he was a tlllow 
and tutor in the college a short time. In 1636 
he was ord. over the church at Maiden, where 
ho remained " for about a jubilee of years " 
till his death. Frequent illness forced him at 
times to suspenil his pulpit exertions ; but he 
was able in the intervals to engage in literary 
labor, lie pub. in 1662 " The Day of Doom," 
a poem which has passed through 9 cds. in this 
country, and 2 in England, and was for a long 
time one of the most popular books in X. E. ; 
in 1669 he pub. another poem, "Meat out of 
the Eater," which has passed through 6 edi- 
tions. He left in manuscript a poem entitled 
" God's Controversy with New England," 
printed in the Proe. of the Ms. Hist. Society-, 
1871. After the death of John Rogers, in 
1684, he was ottered the presidency of H.C., 
but declined it on account of his health. He 
preached the Colonial Election Sei'iuon in 1686, 
and the Art. Election Sermon in 1696. He 
■was also a skilful physician. — Sec Memoir of 
n'luiUsivorlli h,/ ./. n . Dewi, 8vo, 1S71. 

W^ight, Moses, portrait and ;)ei»K painter, 
b. Boston, 2 Apr. 1827. Began to paint at IS; 
went to Europe in 1851, and |)aiiiteil there por- 
traitsof lion. U. D. Barnard and Baron Ale.\. 
Von Hnraboldt ; studied 3 years in Italy ; and 
h:is since practised his art in Boston with suc- 
cess. Among his portraits are Edward Ever- 
ett, Josiah Quincy, Charles Sumner, and Prof. 
Agassiz. In 1860 he studied in France under 
Couture, and has since executed two large 
ideal works, " The Sleeping Beauty " and 
" Eve at the Fountain." Since his last visit to 
Europe in 1863-7, he has produced several 
cabinet, figure, and interior subjects, among 
them " Lo Seiziemc Sifecle," " Lisette," "Les 
Confidants," " The Old Cuirassier," " John 
Alden and Priseilla," and " Pet's First Cake." 

Wight, Orl.vndo WiLLi.vMS, author, b. 
Centreville, N.Y., Feb. 19, 1824. He studied 
at Westtield Acad, and Rochester Collegiate 
Institute, and then travelled in Europe. He 
has eoutrib. to the leading reviews, and has 
pub. " The Philosophv of .sir Win. Hamilton," 
1833; "Life of Abe'lard and llcloise." 18.53; 
translations of Cousin's " History of .Modern 
Philosophy," 1852; "The True, the Beauti- 
tiful, the Good," 1854 ; and " Pascal's 
Thoughts," 1839. He has also edited and re- 
vised 12 vols, of French Classics, 1838-60; 
" The Household Library," 18 vols. ; transl. 
Balzac's Novels, 12 vols. Contrib. to X. A. 
lire, .V. ICrihiiulr, Sx. He has in prep, a 
Dictionary of I'hilos. Science, 8vo. 

Wignell, Thomas, manager Phila. Thea- 
tre ; d. there 18 Feb. 1803 ; b. Eng. First app. 
at the John-st. Theatre, N.Y., 1 785, as Joseph 
Surface ; became manager Chestnut-st. Thea- 
tre in 1794; ni. .Mrs. Merry 1 Jan. 1803. 

Wikoff, Hknkv, b. Phila., where he was 



VVLL. 



98:! 



AVIL 



ttdm. to the bai. Author of "Life of Nap. 
Louis Bonaparte," N.Y., 1849; "My Court- 
ship and its Coiise(|ULMiucs," 1855; "Adven- 
tures of a ri^ing Di;ilcjnialist," 1856 ; " A Xew- 
Yurkcrin the Fcnvi-ii UlHce,"&c., 1858. — See 
aUo " Trial of WikulF and Others tor a Con- 
Sjaracv," 8vo, ly5:i. — Alitbuue. 

Wl.bur, Miss Annk T. (Mrs. Wood), 
d:ui. of Itev. llcrvey Wi.bur, b. Wendell, Ms., 
IS17. Aresidcntuf Ncwhnrvport, Ms. Transl. 
" The Solitary of Jnan Feiuanduz," and other 
works, from tlic French, ('ontrili. as " Florence 
Lei.^li " to periodicals ; has edited the /lilies' 
ilirf. and the Lulks' Cash I, 1848; has transl. 
•■The lioman Question," by E. About, 1859; 
and pub. " Romance of a Mummy," I8G0. 

Wll'our, John, a minister of the Society 
(if Friend.-, founder of the " Wilburite" sect, 
b. llopkinton, K.L, 1774; d. 1856. Ab. 1838 
ho was accused of circulating statements de- 
rogatory to the character of Joseph J. Gurney ; 
and in Jan. 1843 he was disowned, llis friends, 
however, believing liim to have been unfairly 
and harshly dealt with, set up an independent 
yearly meeting, and are popularly designated 
" Wilburites." — See Journal and Conesji. of 
John Wilbur. 

WilCOOks, Alexander, M.D., b. Phila. 
1817. Jeff. Med. Coll. 1844. Author of "Es- 
say on the Tides," 1855; " Temporarv Star 
of the Year 1572," 1860 ; " Influence of Ether 
in the Solar Svstem," &c., 1864; papers in 
J/<rf. Exwn. 1845, Jour. Med. Sci. 1847. — 
Alliboiie. 

Wilcox, Gen. Cadmus Marcellus, b. 
N.C. ab. 1825. West Point, 1846. Adj. and 
A.n.C. to Gen. Quitman 1847-8; and brev. 
1st lieut. for gallantry at Chapul tepee 13 Sept. 
1847; assist, instr. of inf. tactics at West Pomt 
1852; capt. 7th Inf.; resigned 8 June, 1861 ; 
app. brig.-gen. C.S.A. 21 Oct. 1861 ; 3 Aug. 
1SU3 promoted maj.-gen. com. division in A. 1'. 
Hill's (3d) Corp. He com. a brigade in Ander- 
son's div. at Gettysburg, and surrendered with 
Leo. Author of " Uifles and Rifle-Practice," 
N.Y. 18.59; "Evolutions of the Line," 1860; 
" Tabular Statements of the Austrian and 
French Armies," 1861. 

Wilcox, Carlos, poet, b. Newport, N.H., 
Oct. 22. 1794; d. Danbury, Ct., Mav 29, 1827. 
Mid. Coll. 1813; And. Sem. 1817. "His father 
w.is a farmer, and in 1797 removed to Orwell, 
Vt. He Iwgan to preach in Hartford, Ct., 1818, 
but after a few months was obliged by illness 
to desi<t. In 1822 he pub. at Salisluiry, Ct., 
his poem. "The Age of Benevoleuee." In 
1824 he delivered a poem before the Phi Beta 
Kijipa Society of Y.C. on " The Religion of 
Tuste." In 1824-6 he was ])astor of the North 
'Jhurch. I lartford. After the restoration of his 
icalth by a few months' travel, he accepted a 
call to Danbury at the close of 1826. His " Re- 
mains ' were pub. in 1828. — tJiii/rhiiiclc. 

Wilcox, PiUNEAS Bacon, lawyer, b. 
1795; d. Columbns, O'., 25 Mar. 1863. Y.C. 
1821. In successful practice at Columbus 
nearly 40 years. Author of " Ohio Reports," 
vol. X. ; sever*! vols, of conden.-ed ;ind digested 
" Ohio Reports ; " " Ohio F^orms and Practice," 
1833; " F^orms in Action and in Chancery," 
1858; in " Civil Procedure," 1862. 



Wilde, Richard Henry, sehohir and 
lawyer, b. Dublin, Ireland, 24 Sept. 1789; d. 
N. ('irleans 10 Sept. 1847. His father came to 
Baltimore in 1797, and d. 1802. He received 
Irom llis mother his poetic talent and his edu- 
cation. Ill 1803 lie removed to Augusta, Ga. 
Was adm. to the bar in Mar. 1809 ; soon rose to 
the head of the protession ; became attv.-gen. 
of the Slate; Al.C. ip 1815-17, 1824-5, and 
in 1827-35 ; and was distiiig. as an orator. He 
visited Europe in 1835-40, and on his return 
devoted himself to literature, polities, and the 
law. While in F'lorenee, he discovered some 
documents concerning Uante, and also an 
original painting of the great poet on the wall 
of the Chapel of Bargetto. He left a MS. vol. 
of the poet's life. Author of " The Love, Mad- 
ness, and Imprisonment of Tasso," 2 vols. 
1842, and " Hesperia ; " wrote for the Southern 
Review an article on Petrarch; and contrib. to 
the magazines. F'rom 1843 to his d. he was 
prof, of law in the U. of La. at New Orleans. 
His literary productions are numerous, and 
bear the impress of a gifted and highly educat- 
ed mind. One of his lyrics, entitled "My Life 
is like a Summer Rose," received the praise 
of Lord Byron . 

Wilde, Samuel Sumner, LL.D. (Bowd. 
1817; U.U. 1841), jurist, b. Taunton, Feb. 5, 
1771 ; d. Boston, June 22, 1855. Dartm. Coll. 
1789. Son of Daniel. Ho was adm. to the 
bar in Sept. 1792, and the same year was m. to 
Eunice, dan. of Gen. David Cobb. He prac- 
tised successively in Waldoborough, WaiTcn, and 
Hallowell, Me., removing to the latter place in 
1799, after representing V\ aneii two years in 
the Icgisl. In 1814 he was elected "a State 
councillor. He was also one of the delegates 
to the Hartford Conv. ; judge Ms. Sup. Court 
1815-50. In 1820 he removed from Hallowell 
to Newburyport, and in 1831 to Boston. Dele- 
gate from Newburyport to the State Const. 
Conv. of 1820 ; member of the Acad, of Arts 
and Sciences. His judicial career was disting. 
by great legal learning and stern integrity; 
and he was accounted one of the best nisi pmis 
judges in .Ms. His dan. C'aroline m. Caleb 
Cashing. He pub. "Oration 4 July, 1797," 
" Masonic Oration," 1799. 

Wilder, Marshall Pincknbt, one of 
the most useful men of his time, b. Rindge, 
N.H., 22 Sept. 1798. Educated at the common 
schools and at Ipswieli Acad. He worked on 
his father's fann ; then became a merchant ; and, 
establisliing himself in liostun in 1825, has fur 
many years been a prominent and siieeesslul 
business-man. He has been active in the Ms. 
Honie. Soe.; was its pros, in 1840-8 ; pres. of 
the Amer. Pomological Soe. since that date ; 
of the U. S. Agiie. Soe. 1852-8 ; of the N. E. 
Historic-Genealogical Soe. since 1868 ; member 
of the Ms. house of reps. 1839; eouucillor 
1849; State senator, and pres. of that body in 
18.50. He iiiiliated the organization of'the 
State Boanl of Agriculture, the esiablishincnt 
of the Ms. A-.'ric. Coll., and of the U.S. Agric. 
Soe.; and has held many important tni.-ts be- 
side those I'tiuincrated nliove. He has delivered 
many addresses and speeches, and contributed 
valunblc papers nn h\ briilization to liortie. jour- 
nals.— Sec .V. E. n. a. Raj. 1867. 



983 



Wil'dey, TUOM.VS foumlcr of the Odd 

he w;us uTrtiulMiv from 1C.:5 lo 1S3.1 

Co k I' lf<l'.'- U. of N.C. IMO. MomlK-r 

T '■„c\-(' Doc 1S52. Author ot " Ma,- 
:;;:n«"a^K.va-- Adventures of OM Dau 
Tm'k'r-lSS ; "Utopia. Karly Mfc at tho 

ion to Utulo To.n's Cab.n S,.^ , ^-iKr 
View of S'.iivorv ; " " Uo.uioUc, 1 -^Cb , -lo 
outiou and Oratory." ISGO ; ,.o u, I>^""lf.^- 

Me'-cuni. Contrib. to SurUunS J/..;/., .b.K. l^tnu 
Pust.&i-. — .VlilioM. lT<i\' 

\WilkP<5 CiiMM.iiS, rcnr-adm. U.^..^■, 
ncXw t'be cckbratoci Johu Wj kos of I.on- 
doiri" N. Y, City U-Ol. Midsl, ,nuan 1 .lau. 
1818 ; lieut. -iS A,>r.l82G; com. U J"b. :,; .; ; 

H:S';,p;;,K,»^n,.,'|S^ 

S^ mh So-.'- aftor vi itin- the islaiuls of tlic 
r- e lie they diseovered tho Antarctic conti- 
non whi^h they roasted westward ior inorc 
"innT dr'rces.^ Kor this and other oontnlm- 
^l^mknce, Wilkes veceived a ^^ "-^ 
from the Goo-. Soc. of London. I he i^ lo.-i 
ions included the 1 awanan S™"1' ■'• - 

Korth-west coast; ""<'.'>^,:};^''';''' .^.'w i u lies 
10 .June 1S42. -Sent lu ISOl to tlie W . inmcs 
'u"w,ate''SanJaeinto;tolookaM^he 
PMnled steamer "Sumter," he took Mi-»»is. 
J. n a, S dell from the British n^. -steam- 
er •■Trent," Nov. S, and conv..yed theni to 
Uosto .. 1 e was tha.iked by C.n.uress, and e- 
ccW the appbvuse of ^^^ \^^J^ t^ 
rourso was limilly disapiiroved by the 1 les. -» 
A " VsG2, while, com. the llolillaon the Jame 
R ver lie de<tr.,ved City Point. He attcrward 
?„n a squadron in '>- ^V- Iml os cnpmnng 
many bloekade-rnnncrs. Au hor ot Nana 
t^x. l( the U. S. Kxplo. Esped." 5 v° ,s. 184. , 
n 1851 "VoyaKC round the A\ orld, &t., a 
onefs^'aecou^t Sf the same ; " Westen, Amer- 
ic.i," 1840; " Meteorolo-y of the -^^i' o- J;'^ 
" " 1851 ; and " Tlitory of Winds, 18oC. 

StiJ^^Fr^^r^^^.^::?^^ 

:;lerbnd railway to China and India by way 
""^WiikinS, Wiu.iam, statesman b. East- 
ern Pa 177'J ; '1- "™' l'ittsb«r^^ I'a., June 
'j 1 805. Son of John. Kevol. otheer mi early 
et.lor of Pittsburg bri,.-,en^ V^ ^ d 'Vit ^ 
ii,.' the " Whiskey Insnrrcotion, who il. 1 ilt« 

;;;;.: "sic. a. d William -- ;;f J™;-.,::! 

I'ittsbn-". In 1810 was pros, ot the 1 itt>>i r„ 
M ■ Co.. and was until 1819 pros, o he 

Bimk of Pittsburg. He then entered the 



le-isl • was U. S. senator in 1831-4; ministei 
o'UuWia 18.'14; M.C. 1813-4 ; sec. ot w'ar 
1844-5; and judW oflhe U.S. Dist. Court lor 
Western Penusyh -luia. , ,„.. n .n,^. 

Wilkinson, Gen. ■\;"«.*' ^;. f [.^^'^^ 
diet Md. 17.57; d. ne.ir Myxieo t ity, U^u J», 
,8 5 lie st.uiid at the Helie.l School ot 
Phil:', in 17-3. and, allor tho batiV ot Uunk- 
erV Hill, repaiivd to tho camp at Camlnnlge ; 
Mu-eh 177«' Washin-ton m-.nle him a capt. m 
R. d'^' N.U. rovt., in which l-'' «,"-^V--r" Iw 
Arnold in the Norchern annv ; J" y- !;;«• ' 
WW a"-). l,n'.id>r.i:ilov; in Doe. w.v3 MUt MV 
Gates 'to the eo.n.-in:e-:u f with despatches, nnd 
^ stod in tho battles r.t Trenton n„d Prmcjw 
ton;licut.-co!.Jan. l-2,1777;ont.ao,^>.V _ 
to com. tho Northern army, b ■ v,,i i i ^ • >, 
wn. (Mav 24), and baiv I ■ < ■'" ' ; " ,, ' 
ei.il despatches aunounom;; ...1.^-' ' ;" ' , 
d.T lie received tho l.rov. ol bu-.-,^ui., au 1 
wa^ appointed sec. to tho board of war, c w.uo 
;ates'w,.s pros. Iinplioat.d '^' •'""„';; "";>' 

CVbal, he ivsi-ned hi. «iV'-"»''>'*';':'' .'^•'irmv 
04 1779, was app. clothior-:;on. to iho aim , 
Alier the peace lie settled in Ue_xin;;;on, Ky.. 
vth hi. lltmily and on,a^;vd m "'^' '■;;■";" '» 
transactions, p.inicularlv m a '"]^^l^^ 
wi'li the Spanish gov. ol La. App. ''«" -cul- 
com. 2d Inf. Nov.'t, 1791 ; eon. an exp;^- <« 
the Wabash in 1791-2; bri-.-son. ^1-"^" '»' 
lio-'- com. riiht win-; of Wayne's army atth^ 
M-ulmoc Kapids, and was d.-tiuT. ; received 
S"ana tvim the French as .1--! f--"- 
wi.h Guv. Claiborne, in Dec. UOi, go\.oi 
Ti Terr 1805-7; oen.-in.cliv'f of tho army, 
Doe 79G-.Tulv, 1703, and Juno 1800-Jan 
81-; • remained at the h.-;-.d ct lhe>out,>ern 
denF until his court-martial in KU 1 w neh 



t^ on" of the enmity of Burr's r.cn.'s n his 
;,eiivitv in exm-sin:: his plans, and th' cnai'O 
o "l"i4 i" tl.ep,.)-ot- ipaiu. -Hi was ;--- 
ablv ac7pulted. App. biyv. ina.,.-; . Jn > '0. 
181'>- niai.-''on. Mar. 1;U3; ni -M" ■•7•'■'■i 
±c^d ^i^^le, andibrtiliod Aloln o omt ; a,ul 

in Mav was order.d to th.i northom tionti i. 
Ui, jliaaons ap.iust Cana.la wore tola y 
uusneoos.ful, prinoipally on aeco.mi ol .1 >- 
a ? emont will. I lot.. Wade IIam:,ion; a,.d he 
^tA-dbyaeonrt-marlialbutwasaoauiad 
of all blame. C)n the r duet.on ol the a. niv .n 
18 .5 'was di3ohar;:ed. Having' becou.e pon- 
sosU- .,r lar-e estates in Moxieo, he r'''uovod to 
Ont coun.rN , whore ho ,Uod. 1 lo p..b. at l.ila., 
810 " Mnnoirs of My < )wn Times,' 3 vols. 
8 vo H" was olepvnt in ).eison, a.id manner.s. 
a^d sumptuous a,.d hospitable in ins h^^^ 

Wilkinson, • kJI'?"'^-,'' L'J,^ '' ]\ ! ' 

,or, b. Cumberland, U.I., ab. •'■'■''''• ,;-'?l 
1-.19 Sh- was educated a Quaker, and ol 
tainod distinction in the sect. Kocovorin;: Mul- 
denlv from an apimrent misiensum ui m_ , 
oxpl^^ieuce.1 during a lit ..fs.olur...aK-^ 
she as-^crted that she had ben ra s. c lom ina 
dead and claimed to be invested wuh d.vno 
a tr b..to3, as well as nu.hori.y to instruct niun- 
k'in'l ill religion. She mad., -v |pv Ijroselyt s 
,vith whom, in 1789, slu- >■'•"•";'"> ". ^,, •^-" ,3 



WTTj 



984 



"WTL 



to live in a style of elegance ; and she was care- 
ful to 1)0 the o-.\-ner of lands, purchased in the 
name of horeo.apanion, Rachel Jti.ler. Wh,n 
she preached, she stood in the door of her lied- 
chamlter, v.-caring a waistcoat, stock, and a 
white silk cravat. Alter h.r death, the sect was 
eniirely broken uj). She insisted on tho Sha- 
ker doctrine of celibacy; and the exereisis of 
h r religions meetings resembled those of that 
scet. 

Willard, Col. Abijah, loyalist, b.'Lan- 
caster, Ms., 17i2; d. Lancast r, X.B., May, 
1739. Son of Col. S '.mue . He served at the 
tailing of Cape Breton ; rose to the rank of 
capt., and was wounded in that campaign ; 
coin, a 2ils. regt. in the campairrn of 1753 un- 
der Amh(r.;t; was a loyalist ; and in 1778 was 
proscribed, .".iid his property eou!isc"ted. He 
settled in New Brunswick, and was a member 
of the Prov. council. 

Willard, Emma C. (Mart), teacher and 
author, b. N. Berlin, Ct., Feb. 23, 1787; d. 
Troy, N.Y., April 15, 1870. Descended from 
Tlios. Hooker, the Ibunder of llart.ord. At 
16 she began teavl.ing in licr na'ive town ; was 
snccessivi ly prineipaiof severalacademies; and 
while at Middlebury, Vt., iu 1S03, m. Dr. John 
Willard. In lv21 she coranienc'd her celebrat- 
ed school, the Troy Female Sem., with whi -h 
she wa; connected till 1 -.39. In l'-."0 she made 
a I our iu Er.ro:x>, and on her return pub. her 
"Journal and Letters," 12mo, 183-3, devoting 
her share of the proceeds of the s.aie to the sup- 
port of a school in Gnece, founded mainly by 
her exertions, for the education of f -male teach- 
ers. Jlrs. Willard long resil.d in llartlord, 
wl:ere she wrote and pub. addre<-es on Female 
Education; a "Manual of American History;" 
a " Treatise on Ancient Gcograi>hv ; " a small 
vol. of "Poeins," 1830; a "Treatise on the 
Motive Powers whi -h produce the Circulation 
of the Blood," 1846; "History of the Mexi- 
can War and Ca'.ilbrnii," 8vo, 1849; "Lr.st 
Leaves of American History," a continuation 
of her Manual ; " Universal Historv in Per- 
spective," 1837; "Temple of Time," 1<<44; 
"Historic Guide," 1847; "Respiration and its 
Ell'ects;" " Astronograjihy ; " "Morals for the 
Young," 1957; "Astronomy," 1853. One of 
her best known poems is the oei-an-hymn, 
" Rocked iu the Cradle of the Deep." 

Willard, Fp.asces E., prcs. of the Evans- 
ton Coll. for Ladies, li. near Rochester, N.Y., 
28 Sept. 1839. Xorthw. Fem. Coll. 1S58. Of 
N. Eng. parentage, and descended from a race 
of tea-iicrs. She followed the same profession 
in various Western towns; afierward taught 
the n.-taral sciences in h"r alma mater ; in 1 867 
was app. preceptress of Genesee Wesl. Sem. at 
Lima, N.Y.; and Fib. 14, 1:"71, was elected 
pres. of the coll. recently estaMished in connec- 
tion with the Nordi-westcm U. in deference to 
the popularid'-aof the co-education of the sexes. 
This is tlie first time that such an honor was 
fviT conferred upon a woman ; and Jliss Wil- 
lard's emin- nt fitness for the position h;;s been 
abiindan.ly inanilested. In 1869-71, in com- 
pany with her friend and benefactress, Mirs 
Kate A. Jaci.son of Paterson, N. J., she made 
an extended foreign tour, visiting Europe, Syria, 
and Egypt. In'l871 she lectured i uccessluily in 



Chicago, her theme being " The New Chival- 
ry," the educaiional aspects of the Woman 
Question. Be-id ■ nu:i>"rous conlrihs. to peri- 
o lieuls, iliss W. in lf^64 pub. "Nineteen Beau- 
tiful Years," a tribute to a deceased Bister, 
which h.is l>een highly commended. 

Willard, Jons DwionT, LL.l)., jiidj^e 
N.Y. Cireiiii Ciiiiri, b. Lancaster 4 Nov. 1799; 
d. Troy. NY., 16 Oct. Igfi4. U.C. 1S19. Adm. 
to the X.Y. bar ab. 1823 ; be^':ln practice in 
Troy in 1826 ; was editor of the Troy Seiiliiitl 
s<ime years ; served as a Slate .senator ; and 
was a judge C.C.P. Lcll SIO.OOO lo J):irim. 
Coll. Author of "Treatise on Ivqnity Jiiris- 
priidenee," 1855 ; " Law of E.xecutors, Ad- 
ministrators, and Guardians," 8vo, 1859; "Law 
of Real i:>taie," 1861. 

Willard, Joseph, D.D.. LL.D., clergy- 
man, |ins of H.U., b. Biddeford, Me., Dec. 
29, 17 58: d. X. Bedford, Ms., Sept. 25, 1804. 
H U. 17G."). Losing liis father, Kev. Samuel, 
minister of Biddeford (1725-41), at an early 
a^'c, he went to sea, and made several coasting- 
voynires. He was enabled by the generosity 
of some fi lends to enter college ; was tutor 
there in 1 706-72 ; was ord. colleau'ue with Rev. 
Josejih Chiimpncy at Beverly, Nov. 25, 1772 ; 
and was imliieted into the jiresidency of Har- 
vard, Dec. 19, 1781. He pub. a few sermons; 
a Latin address on the death of Washington, 
])reK.\eil to Tappan's discourse, 1 ^00 ; and some 
math, and astron. ])apcrs in the Memoirs of the 
Amir. Academy. 

Willard, Joseph, antiquarian, son nf tho 
preeeilin-, b. Cambridge, Ms., March 14, 1798 ; 
ri. Boston, May 12, 1865. 11. U. 1816. He 
studied law. Settled about 1829 in Boston. 
Corresp. see. of the Ms. Hist. Society 1829-«4 ; 
ajip. master in chancery in 1839 ; clerk of the 
Sup. Court 18.39-56; clerk of the Superior 
Court from 1856 until his death. Author of 
a " Hi.-tory of Lancaster," 1826; the Lile of 
his ancestor, Simon Willard, with a Family 
Genealogy, 8vo. 1858; " Address on the 200th 
Amiiv. of the Town of Lanca^ter," 8vo, 18.53 ; 
" Naturalization in the Amer. Colonies," 18.59 ; 
" lA'tter to an Enslish Friend on the Rebellion 
in the U.S.," 1862 ; contribs. to hist, and lite- 
rarv periodicals. His son JIaj. Sidnbv (H.IJ. 
1852). b. Lancaster, Ms., Feb. 3, 1831, fell at 
Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, 1862. He studied 
and praeiiscd law in Boston. Was made maj. 
35th Ms. Regt. Aug. 27, 1862. He was the 
writer of the article in the Atlantic Muiil/Ji/ 
eniitlcd " A Night in a Wherry;" was a dis- 
tiiiL'. oar.-man at college, and skilful in athletic 
spurts. 

WiUard, Samuel, divine and author, b. 
Coneoril, Ms., .Jan. 31, 1640; d. Sept. 12, 1707. 
H.U. 1659. Son of ilaj. Simon. Settled min- 
ister of Groton in 1663, but was driven thence 
bv the Indian war of 1676: became collca^'ue 
«-iih Mr. Tbacher cf the Old South Church, 
Bosron, April 10, 1678; and as vice-pres., on 
the death ol Pres. Mather (Sept. 6, 1701), took 
the superintendence of H.U. till his death. He 
opposed the proceedings of the courts during 
the witchcraft persecutions. His chief work 
is his " Body of Divinity," a folio vol. made up 
of monthly lectures delivered for 19 years, and 
pub. 1726; also author of " Brief Animadver- 



985 



"WTLi 



6ion>," &c., 1631; "The Fountain Opened," 
&c., 12rao, 1700; sermons and treatises. His 
son JosiAH (l>. 1 Mav, 16Sil) was sec. of Ms. 
fruni June, 1717, to liis d., 6 Dec. I7.'j6. H.U. 
169S. A|i|i. jiidi^e of probate in 1731, mem- 
ber of tlie council 1734. 

WiUard, Samcei., D. D. (H. U. 1826), 
Unitarian ilivinc, 1). IVterslum, Ms., Apr. 19, 
1776; (1. Deeilitl.l. Ms., Oct. 8, 1839. H.U. 
1801. He was in 1S04-3 tutor in Bowd. Coll. 
Wa'. ord. over the church in Deertield, Sept. 3, 
1807, and re^igned the pastorate in Sept. 1829 
on account ot loss of si;:lit. Author of the 
"DeertieUl Coll. of Sacred Music;" " Ori^'i- 
nal Hvinns." 1823 ; '■ Inde.'c to the Bible, with 
Juvciule Hvmns,"1826; "Coll. of Hymns," 
1830 ; " Rhetoric," 1831 ; " Inirod. to the Lat- 
in Lan;;ua^," 1833, &c. Member of the 
Amer. Acad, of Arts and Sciences. 

Willard, Sidney, prof of Hebrew in H. 
U. in lS07-.il, b. Beverly, Ms., 19 Se]it. 1780; 
d. Cambrid^'e, 6 Pec. 1856. H.U. 1798; li- 
brarian there 1800-5. Son of Pres. Joseph of 
H.U. At one time a preacher; frequently a 
nieniher of the le^'isl. and council ; mayor of 
Cambvidiie 1848-51. Auilior of "Memories 
of Youth and Manhood," 2 vols. 12mo, 1855; 
and eontrib. to the Monthly Antholofji/, Clitist. 
Era,,, . and the X A. lietieu: 

Willard, Major Simos of Salem, b. 
Kent. Enu'. : i>aptized 7 Apr. 1605; d. Charles- 
town, Ms., where he was holding a court, April 
24, 1676. He came to X.E. in 1634; was a 
chief settler of Concord ; then lived in Laficas- 
ter and Groton, and finally, in 1676, in Salem. 
He held various civil offices, and was skilful as 
a soUlier. 

Willard, William, portrait-painter, b. 
Sturbridgc, Ms.,1819. Be;;an portrait-painting 
ab. 1849 ; has made successful pictures of Jenny 
Lind, Daniel Webster, Choate, Lincoln, and 
other noted persons; and since 1866 h.is been 
fully occupied with his profession in Worces- 
ter, Mass. 

Willcox, Orlando Bolivar, brev. maj.- 
gcn. U.S.A., b. Detroit, Mich., 16 Apr. 1823. 
West Point, 1847. Entered 4th. Art ; served 
in Texas, and in the final campai^jn in Florida, 
by which he suffered frreaily in health ; and re- 
6i;;ncd 10 Sept. 1857. Adm. to the Detroit 
bar in 18.58, he practised with success unlil 
May 24, 1861, when he became col. of the 1st 
Mich. Rc^'t., ilie first to arrive at the theatre of 
war from the West. With Col. Ellsworth, he 
took possession of Alexandria ; com. a brigade 
at the battle of Bull Run, where he was con- 
spicuous for ijallnntry ; was severely wounded, 
and taken prisoner; exchanged in Aug. 1862; 
brig. -gen. vols., dating from July 21, 1861. He 
was in the battles of Antietam and Fredericks- 
burg, and was tcmpirarily in com. of the 9th 
corps in Central Ky. Engaged in the opera- 
tions in E. Tenn., Sept. '63 to .Mar. '64 ; com. 
div. 9th corps in the Richmond campaign end- 
ing with Lee's surrender; brev. maj. -general 
vols. I Aug. 1864 for gallantry in several ac- 
tions after cro^sing the Rapidan ; and brig.- 
gcn. U.S.A. for the battle of Spottsvlvania ; 
col. 29th Inf. July 28. 1866; col. r2th Inf. 
1869; brev. maj.-geii. March 2, 1867. for cap- 
ture of Petersburg. Author of " Shocpack 



Recollections," 1856; "A Wayside Glimpse 
of American Life," 1856; " Foca, an Armv 
Memoir, by Maj. March," 1857. — tW/Mm. 

Willett, CoL. Mariscs, Revol. soldier, 
b. Jamaica, L.I., July 31. 1740; d. X. York, 
Aug. 22, 18.30. Col. Coll. 1776. A lieut. in 
Delaneey's regt. in the unfortunate attack upon 
Ticonderogu, in which he displayed great cool- 
ness and bravery ; and served in Biadstreet's 
cxped. against Fort Frontenac. Early in 1775 
Willett entered M'Dougal's regt. as second 
capt. ; joined the exiicd. of Montgomery; com. 
the post of St. John s until Jan. 1776, when he 
returned home, and was soon afterwards app. 
lient.<ol.3d X.Y. Regt.; May IS, 1777, he was 
ordered to Fort Stanwix, which was invested 
ab. the 3d of Aug. by Col. St. Leger with a 
large force of regulars and Indians. In order 
to effect a diversion in favor of Gen. Herkimer, 
who was collecting a body of militia to raise 
the siege, Col. Willett made a successful sally, 
and the siege was raised on ihe approach of 
Arnold. In June, 1778, he joined the army 
of Washington, and was present at the battle 
of Monmouth; in 1779 he accomp. Sullivan's 
successful e.xped. against the Indians. At the 
close of the war he was sheriff of X. Y. City 
(1784-92), and was mayor in 1807. In 1792 he 
was app. brig.-gen. in the army intended to act 
against the Xorth-western Indians, but declined. 
He pub. an Autobiography. A Memoir, by 
his son Wm. M. Willett, was pub. 8vo, New 
York, 1831. 

Williams, Ges. Alphecs Starket, b. 
Saybrook, Ct., Sept. 20, 1810. Y'.C. 1831. 
In 1836-41 he practised law in Detroit; judge 
of probate for his county 1841-3; and editor 
and proprietor of the Detroit Daily Advertiser 
1S43-7, In the Mexican war he was lieut. -col. 
of Stockton's Mich. Vols., and was postmas- 
ter of Detroit in 1849-53. App. brig. -gen. 17 
May, 1861, he organized tire Alich. Vols, un- 
til Sept.; joined Gen. Banks in com. of the 
1st division in his corps in March, 1862. At 
the battle of Cedar Mountain, one-third of his 
division were killed or wounded. He com. this 
division of Slocum's (12th) corps at Antietam, 
at Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, and at 
Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863; served under 
Sherman in the Atlanta campaign ; succeeded 
Slocum in com. of the 20ili corps in Xov. 1864, 
and led it in the " march to the sea," and the 
campaign in the Carolinas, Dec. 1864-May, 
1865. Minister to the republic of San Salva- 
dor 1866-9. 

Williams, Col. Benjamin, Revol. pa- 
triot, b. N. C. 17.54; d. Moore Co. July 20, 
1814. He entered the army as a capt. ; was 
disiing. and made col. at the battle of Guil- 
ford ; served many years in the State legisl. ; 
was .M.C. in 1793-5; was gov. of N.(". 1799- 
1802 and 1807-8, and State senator 1808-9. 

Williams, .Mrs. Catharine R., b. Provi- 
dence 1790; living therein Dec. 1871. Author 
of " Original Poems," 1828 ; " Religion at 
Home," 1829; " Tales, National and Revol.," 2 
series, 18.30-5; "Aristocracy," 1832; "Fall 
River," 1833; "Lives of Barton and Olney," 
1839; " Xeutral French," 1841 ; "Annals of 
the Aristocracy " (.if R. I.), 1842-5. 

Williams, Charles KiLuotRXE, LL.U 



"WTLi 



9S6 



"WTLi 



(Mill. Coll. 1S34), jurist, b. Caml.rid-e, Ms., 
.Ian. 24. i:ji2 ; il. KutlanJ, Vt., Mar. 9, 1S53. 
Wms. aill. ISOO. Son of Prof. Samuel. Uc 
bwaine an eminent practitioner at tlie liar of 
Rutland Co. In IS12 serveil one c:im|>ai^'n on 
the northern frontier; was frequently a repre- 
sentative between 1S09 ami 1S21, and airain in 
IS49; State attorney in 1S14 and '15; jmlp: 
of the Sup. Court 'in 1S22-1 and 1829-42; 
collector of customs for the dist. of Vt. 1S25- 
9 ; chief justice of the Sup. Court 1S43-6, and 
a oxHeio chancellor of the State ; pres. of the 
council of censors in 1S47 ; and gov. 1S50-2. 
A Memoir of his Life was pub. by Hon. Isaac 
F. Rcliiem. 

Williams, Ch.\rles Laxgdos. b. Kut- 
land, Vt., 1S21 : d. there 10 Feb. IJtil. Wms. 
Coll. 1S39. Adm. to the bar in 1S42; prac- 
tised at Brandon, Vt., in 1S44-S; and after- 
ward resided in Rutland. Author of" Statistics 
of the Rutiand-Co. Bar," 1S4T; "Statutes of 
Vt.," Svo, 1851 ; " Vt. Sup.-Court Reports," 
vols, 27-29, 1855-7. 

Williams, U.ivid R., gov. S.C. 1814-16; 
killed liv aix'iilent at a new bridge, Xov. 15, 
1S30. M.C. 1805-9 and 1811-13; brig.-gen. 
July 9. ISIS, to April 6, 1814. 

Williams, Edwis, statistical writer, b. 
Nonvich, Ct.. 1797; d. N. Y. City, Oct. 21, 
1854. Son of Gen. Joseph, a Rcvol. officer. 
He pub. Williams's Annmt Register (\$30-ih) ; 
" Statesman's Manual," 4 volumes 8vo, 1854; 
" Politician's )lanual," 1832 ; " Xew Universal 
Gaietteer," 1833 ; " Bouk of the Constitution," 
1833 ; ■• Xew York as It Is in 1833." (t seq. ; 
" Arctic Voyages," 1835 ; " Polit. History of 
Ireland," 1843; "Presidents of the D.S.," 
1849 ; " Twelve Stars of the Republic," 1850. 
He was al>o one of the authors of " The Napo- 
leon Dynasty," and was a constant contrib. to 
periodicals. Many years sec. to the American 
Institute, and an active working-nieinl>er of 
the Hist., Gooir., and Statistical Societies, as 
well as of the Mechanics' Institnte. 

Williams, Ret. Eleazer ; d. Hogans- 
burg, X.Y., Aug. 28, 1858, a. ab. 73. He is 
supposed to have been a grandson of Eunice, 
daughter of -the redeemed captive." In his 
youth he was put to school at Longmeadow, 
ils. When the war with England broke out 
in 1812, he liecame contidential agent of govt, 
among the Indians; served with bravery in 
several engagements ; and was severely wounded 
at Plattsburg in 1814. After the war he con- 
nected himself with the Prot.-Epis. Church, 
officiating for several years as lay-reader among 
the Oneida Indi-ins; and in 182*6 was ord. mis- 
sionary in Northern N. Y. and in Wis. Terr, 
for many years. He derives his notoriety from 
an article by Rev Mr. Hanson in Putnam's 
ila<)., entitle*! " Have we a Bourbon among 
Us ! " and a subsequent vol. by the same per- 
son, called "The Lost Prince." Author of 
"Iroquois S|iclling-Book," 1813; " Cantion 
against oor Common Enemy," 1815 ; "Book 
of Common Praver," transl. into Mohawk, 
1853 : " Liti! of Thomas Williams," a chief of 
the Canahiiawagas, 1859. 

Williams, Eusba, pres. of Y.ile College 
1726-39. b. Hattield, Ms, Aui:. 26. 1694; d. 
WeUietsfieJd.Juli-25, 1755. H.U. 1711. Son 



of Rev. William of Hatfield. Ord. minister of 
Newin^ton, Oct. 22, 1722. He |>asscd froir 
his parish duties at Wethersfiold to the presi- 
dency of Yale. Obliged by ill-health to resign 
his rectorship of Yale Coll., he returned to 
Wetherslield, and was clcctcil to the legisl., 
and app. judge of the Sujierior Court. He 
was in 1745 chaplain of the Ct. regt. ^ent to 
Cape Breton ; w«s subsequently app. to com. 
a r.'gt. in an intcndol expc\l. against Canada ; 
went to Eng. in Dec. 1749 to n.-ceive the pay 
due to himself and his regt., leinrning in 1752. 
He pub. some occasional sermons. 

'Williams, Cou Ephhaim, founder of 
Williams Colloge, b. Newton, Ms., Feb. 24, 
1715; killed near Lake George, Sept. 8, 1755. 
Eldest son of Col. Eph., an early settler of 
Stockbridu-e. In early life he made several 
voyages to Euroiie. In the war with Franc*, 
1740-8, he served as a capt. in Canada ; com. 
the line of M.issachusetts torts on the west »ide 
of Ct. Rivet'; in 1755 he took com. of a regt., 
and was ordend to join the N.V. forces under 
Gen. Johnson, who were marching northward 
to attack the French. He was proreeiling with 
about 1.000 men and 200 Indians to attack 
Dieskau's advanced force, when he wjis ambus- 
caded by the French and Indians, and was 
killed at the first tire. He left his property by 
will for the establishment of a free school at 
Williamstown, Ms., which was opened in 1791, 
was incor|W)r-ated its a college in 1793, and be- 
came a tlourishiui; in.^titution. 

Williams, Frederick Dickixsox, I.ind- 
sca^ie-^Kuntcr of Boston, b. 27 Aug. 1828. Bos- 
ton Latiji School, 1843; H. U. 1850. Draw- 
ing-teacher at the Boston Latin and High 
Schools 1850-7. Son of Heury Williams 
of Bo ton. Among his pictures arc" Trcmont 
&t. bv Gaslight ; " " At Home, a N. England 
Interior ; " " The Old Taimery on the Road 
to Franconia ; " " Back-Bay I^inds ; " " Xcw- 
England Hillsides ; " " The Seaside Pastun- ; " 
"Manchester Coast;" "Summer at Lake 
Gcorgw" 

Williams, George H.. attv.-gen. U. S. 
(app. 14 Dec. 1871), b. Columbia Co., N.Y., 
23 Mar. 1823. Received an academical cilnca- 
tion in Onondaga Co. Studied law ; adm. to 
the bar in 1844, and emig. to Iowa; clccteil 
judge 1st jud. dist. 1847; "app. chiof justice 
Oreg. Terr. 1853; re-app. 1857, but declined; 
memlier Const. Conv. of Oregon which 
formed the State gon. ; U. S. senator 1865- 
71. 

Williams, Hes-ry Will.vrd, M.D. (H.U. 
1849). oculist of Boston. Author of " Diseases 
of the Eye," 1802 ; " Recent Advances in Oph- 
thalmic Science." 1866. 

Williams, Col. James; d. Oct. 8, 1780, 
of a wound at the battle of King's Mount:un. 
He emig. from Granville Co., N. C, to Little 
River, Limrcns Dist., S.C, in 1773. Member 
Prov. Cong, of S.C. in Jan. 1775 ; col. of mi- 
litia in April, 1779 ; com. a detachment at the 
battle of Stono, Jnne 20. 1779 ; Aug. 18, 1 780, 
he anacki'd and defeated a large biilv of Brit- 
ish and Tories, under Col. Innis, at >insgroye'3 
Mills. He led one of the coiumus of attack at 
King's Mountain, where he exhibited great 
bravery, and tcU in the thickest of the tight. 



WIL, 



987 



WlLi 



Two cf 1 U sons, Daniel an4 Joseph, were in 
the bat'Jf. — O'Xe'ill'i Sucljemj. 

Williams, Jared \V., gov. X.H. 184T-9; 
M.C. I^y7-41 ; U.S. senator! 85.'!-l ; b. X.li. ; 
d. Lancaster, N.U., Sept. 29, 1864. BrowTi 
U. 1818. lie sencd sc^-eral terms in the State 
l^;!atare. 

Williams, Johx, first minister of Dccr- 
field, ili., b. Ko.Kbarj-, lis.. Dec. 10, 1664; d. 
DecrficM, June 12, 1729. H. C. 169.3. HU 
grandfather Robert settled in Eoxbiirj- in 
1 637. By the aid of hi-s maternal {jramKather, 
Wm. I'jrk, he received a liberal education. 
Slay 17, 1 6y6, he wai settled at Deertield, a 
frontier settlement exposed to continued at- 
tacks from the Indians. Feb. 29, 1704 (O. S.), 
the place was taken and burned, .38 of the 
townsix-ople slain, and ab. 100 carried into 
captivity, — among them, Mr. Williams and 
his wife (who was murdere<l on the way) and 
children. They were taken to Montreal, where 
they remained from the end of March till Oct. 
25, 1706, when the survivors were sent to Bos- 
ton. His diia. Ennicc, 10 years of a^e, was 
left behind, and m. an Indian. In March fol- 
lowin;j he pub. " The Redeemed Captive," an 
intcrestiniy narrative of liis adventures ; an edi- 
tion containing the Jonmal of his son Ste- 
£hen, and a History of Decrfield, was pub. by 
>r. S. W. Wilibms, 12rao, lS-37. lie returned 
to Decrfield ; m. a dau. of Capt. Allen of 
Windsor, Ct. ; and ab. 1710 was app. a eom- 
mUs. in the expcd. to Canada under Col. Stod- 
dard. His 3 wjns, Eleazer, Stephen, and War- 
ham, were ministers. Stephen, D.D. (DC. 
1773), minister of Longroeadow from 17 Oct. 
1716 to his d. 10 June, 1782 (b. 14 May, 1693 ; 
H. U. 1713), was a chaplain un'ier Pepperrell 
at Loubbur? (1745), under Sir Wm. Johnson 
(1755), and under Gen. Winslow in 1756. Of 
his sons, Stefues was min. of Woodstock; 
W.vBH.m. of Northford (1730-88) ; and Xa- 
THAS. of Tolland (4 Apr. 1760 to his d. 15 
Apr. 1829; b. 1733; Y. C. 1753). 

Williams, Jonx, jurist, b. Hanover Co., 
Va. ; d. Granville Co., N. C, Oct. 1799. He 
was one of the first jud;re» under the State 
const, of X. C. in If 77-90, and a member of 
the Old Con^Tess in 1778-9. 

Williams, John (" Anthonv Pasquin"), 
b. London ; d. Brofjklyn, N.Y., Oct. 12, 1818. 
Educated at Merchant Tailors' School, and 
ori;:ina!ly intended for the church, but pre- 
ferrcd literature, and was employed as a trans- 
lator by the London booksellers. He edited 
several journals in Dublin ; and in 1784 as- 
sisted Henry Bate Dudley on the Morninq H<r- 
ald. A violent quarrel soon severed this con- 
nection. In 1787 he was corre-p. for the Vni- 
venal lifqitter. Two vols, of his poems were 
pub. Lond. 1789. While in Ireland, his violent 
denunciation of govt, brought on him its ven- 
geance ; a heavy fine was imposed upon him : 
and he was adjudged by Lord Kcnycm, in 
1797, "a common lilx.ller." He came soon 
after to the U.S., where he edited a Democ 
newspaper. Al.^ author of " Legislative 
Biog.," 8vo, 1795 ; " The Hamiltoniad," Bos- 
Ion, 1804 ; " Life of Alex. Hamilton," Boston, 
1804; "Dramatic Censor," 8vo, 1811. — Ste 
AUibone; Europ. ilai/., 1789. 



Williams, Col. Jon.v, soldier and sens 
tor, b. Surry Oj., X.C, Jan. 29, 1778; d. near 
Knoxville, Aug. 10, 1837. Son of a distin^. 
Revol. patriot. Was ajip. capt. 6th Inf. April, 
1799; cmig. to Tenn. in 1 803 ; engaged in the 
practice of law ; m. and settled near Kuo.x- 
viile. In the latter part of 1812 he raised a 
regt. of vols., and marched at their head into 
Florida; app. col. 39th U.S. Inf. 18 June, 
181.3, with which he went to Xew Orleans; in 
Dec 1813 he joined Gen. Jackson, and partici- 
pated in the battle of Horse-shoe Bend ; U. S. 
senator 1815-23 ; serer.il years chairman of its 
military committee. From Dec. 9, 1825, to 
JIarch, 1827, he was minister to the republic 
of Central America, and was subsequently a 
mernlx^r of the State senate. 

Williams, Jons, D.D. (Col. and Union 
ColU. 1847), Prot.-Epis. bishop of Ct. (conscc. 
29 Oct. 1851), b. Decrfield, Ms., .30 Aug. 
1817. Trin. Coll. 18-35. Ord. deacon 1833; 
priest 1841 ; rector of St. George's, Sehenectadv, 
1*42. Hrcs. Trin. Coll., Hartford, 1848-5-3. 
Succeeded to tlie episcopate on the death of 
Bishop Brownell, Jan. 1803. Amhor of "An- 
cient Hymns of the Church ; " " Thoughts on 
the Gos[)el Miracles ; " " Inaug. Discourse Trin. 
Coll.," 1849; also sermons, addresses, and 
articles in the Clnircli Po-.mv:, &c. Edited 
Browne's Exposition of the .39 .iVrticles. 1863. 

Williams, Johs Foster, a naval officer 
of the Rcvol. ; d. Boston, June 24, 1814, a. 70. 
He was brought up to the sea, and early in 
1 780 reccivc-d the com. of " The Protector," a 20- 
gnn sliip built by the State of Ms. ; July 9, 1780, 
he fell in with the letter-of-marqne " Admiral 
Duff"" (32 guns and 150 men), which, after an 
action of an hour and a half, took fire, and was 
blo^vn up. Late in Oct. 1780 he again sailed 
from Bo-ton ; cruised a while in the W. Indies, 
where he took several rich prizes ; but on his re- 
turn-voyage, falling in with two armed ships 
of superior force, he was obliged to surrender, 
remaining a prL-oner until the peace. In the 
celebration of the adoption of the Federal 
Constitution by Ms. in Feb. 17S8, Capt. Wil- 
liams held a conspicuous place. From 1 790 to 
his (1. he was com. of a revenue-cutter. 

Williams, Ge>-. Joxathas, b. Boston, 
1732; d. PLila. 16 May, 1813. Son of .Jona., 
a Revol. patriot. He received a good educa- 
tion ; was placeil in a counting-house, and made 
several commercial voyages to the W. Indies 
and to Europe. He was in Eng. in 1770 and 
'73, where he was kindly received by Dr. 
Franklin, his grand-nncle, and was intmsted 
with letters and communications of political 
imfxjrtance. Visiting France in 1777, he was 
app. U. S. commercial agent, and in 1785 re- 
turned with Franklin to the U.S. He w.ts sev- 
eral years a judge of the C.C.P. in Phila. 
App. maj. of an. 16 Feb. 1801 ; insp. of forti- 
fications 4 Dec. 1801 ; and supt. of West-Point 
Aca/J. : lieut.-col. engrs. 8 Julv, 1802 ; col. 23 
Feb. 1808-31 July, 1812; gen.'of X.Y. militia 
1812-15. Elc-cted to Congress from Phila. 
1814: vice-pres. Amcr. Philos. Soc. Author 
of a .Memoir on the u»c of the thermometer in 
navigation, 1 799 ; " Elements of Fortification ' 
(trans!.), 1801 ; and "Kosciusko's Movemcn'./ 
for Horse Artilkry," 1808. His son Capt. 



WJX, 



988 



Ales. Jonx wai killed ia defence of Fort Erie 
15 Aiijr. ISU. ' 

Williams, Gex. Ohio Holland b 
Primv (A-orgv Ce., Md., in Maali. 174i»- d' 
July IG, 1,94. His ancestors were .Welsh and 
came to America soon after Lord Baltimore be- 
came proprietor of Jld. At twelve he Wiis left 
an orphan, and was placed in the otfiee of the 
, ?*r}"^ "^■"■'-' county, and afterward in 
taat of Baltimore, of which he had the prinei- 
JkU diixrtion. In the be-iniiin- of the Revol 
stru-gle he was app. lieut. of a ririe company 
and marched to the Aracr. camp near Boston 
In 1 , , C a rirte regt. was orgauizal, iu which he 
w-as app. major; it formed part of thcKarrison 
ot Fort tt;ishin-ton. >i.\\, when that post 
was captured by the Britkh, and gained .-nat 
honor by the gallant manner in which it with- 
stood the attack of the Hessian column to 
which It was opposed. Major Williams was 
wouiidixl and taken, but was soon cxch:ui<>tKl 
App. col. 6th Md. Regt., with which, soon iStcr 
the RKliicrion of OharlcMon, he accomp. Baron 
DeKalb to 6,C. ; and. when Gen. Gates assumed 
the com. ot the ^outheru armv, he was made 
adj.-gen., in which station he remained untU 
the close of the war. He gained great dUtiuc- 
non in the disastrous battle of Camden • per- 
formc-d efficient service during Greiue's cele- 
brated retreat, in which he com. the li-ht corps 
which acted as a rear-gnard. He seconded 
Greene at Guilford and Hobkirk ; and bv his 
bruaant charge at Eutaw, he decided the' for- 
tune of the day. In May, 1 7S2, he was made a 
bn- -gen. ; coll. of customs tor the State of Md 
umil his death. — 6> Li/e l.y Tiffany, 8vo,' 

Williams, Recel, LL.D. (Bowd. 1855) 
lawyer and senator, b. Augusta, Me., June " 

Ji?!'..''- "'"'•'■ -'"' ^^^'-- ^'J'"- '« the bar in 
1S02, he was a partner with Judge Bridge and 
acquire^d high re'putation ; memlK-r of the le"i>I 
1822-6, and of the senate in 1827-8; a"-ain in 
the house iu 1829-32; U.S. senator IS37-43- 
was active in the raUroad project of uuitin<^ 
Augusta with Boston ; and for 12 vears was thl 
manager ot the road. 

Williams, Roger, founder of R.L and 
the apostle ot' civil and religious liberty in 

t^?f "ri"'- "^^''-■^ '^?^; ^- l^'"vidence, Apr. 
1683. Educated bv Sir Ed. Coke at Sutton's 
Hospital, now the Chafter House, 1621-4 and 
at Pemh. Coll., Camb., 1625-6. He beetle a 
nonoouformist minister, and sought an asvlum 
in America, arriving at Boston Feb 9 1631 
In Ajiril he was chosen assist, to Jlr. s'kelton 
m the ministry at Salem ; and asserring at once 
His views of religious toleration, the independ- 
ence of conscience of the civil magistrate and 
the separation of Chureli and State, he was in 
a kv! months obhged to withdraw to Ph-mouth 
where he was for two years assist, to Jl"r. Ralph 
A A „J^';t^™"'? '" Salem in 16.33, he suc- 
ceeded Skelton, and was driven thence by an 
order of the Gen. Council, late in 1635," into 
exile for "his new and dan<.a-rous opinions 
against the authority of magistrates." Per- 
mitted to rem:iin till spring, he persisted in 
preaching in his own house; and orders were 
sent in Jan. 1036 to seize him, and send him to 
i:.ng. He fled, making his memorable journey 



in the wmter-se.ison through what w.is then a 
wildeniess, and fouiuknl the city of Provideiicc 
llere he maintained friendly ivlaiioiis wiih the 
Indians, and promoti-d the sctileuieiit of R I 
Embracing the seniinients of the Baptists he 
W..S baptized Mareh, 1639; but, entertaining 
doubts ot the corixrtness of tlieir principles? 
the chureh he had formed was dissohdl He 
studied the Indian language, and cndcaVor.d 
to a-ach the gospel to the Indians. In 1043 he 
sailed Iroin .New Amstei-dam for Eng. to pro- 
cure a charter On his voyage he wrote his 
i«?i-y '"u •'"; ^?"Si"ige of .\merica " (Lond. 
llf 1 ."'^„"'^"""S'' a cliarter in 1644. and 
landed in Boston in Sept. Before returning, 
he pub. m Lond. ".Mr. Cotton s Utter, latef; 
printed Lsamined and Answered;- and aUo 
his celebrated work, which emlx-dies the princi- 
ples ol toleration -"The Bloody Tcneut of 
Persecution tor Cause of Conscience." At 
the close of 1651 he again visited En-, to se- 
cure the confirmation of the charter, in which 
he succeeded. Cotton haying replied to his • 
Bloody Tenent," ttdliams pub. (Lond. 1652) 
Ihe Bloody lentnt yet more Bloody by Mr. 
Lotton s Endeayour to wash it \\\{,k. in the 

time 1 he Hireling Ministry none of Christ's • " 

H^kl. 'r'"i"'''''U* "*■ Spi"'"al I.ife and 
Health, aiid their Preservatives." Durin" this 
second yi..t m Eng., he was for a time engaged 
in teaclung. He was intimate with Milton 
Cromwell, and Sir Henry Vane, with whom he 
pa.sscxl much time. He was chosen pres. of tlie 
Colony m Sept. 1654, which office lie held H 

ltd 



years. His influence with the In.Uans enabled 
him to render signal services to the Colonies 
around him by averting from them the calami- 
ties ot savage war ; but they refused to admit 
R.I mto the ^. England league, and even ^ 
obstacles m the way of preparing the means of 
deface. His Memoir has bc-en written by J. 
D. Knowles (1833), V^m. Gammell (1846),-and 

l7Z n ,h" *''f"- '^''V ^^"''rraglinsct Club 
in 1866 pub. a yol. containing a bio» of Wil 
lams by R. A. Guild, Williams's "Kcv into 
the Language of America (edited by J." Ham- 
mond Trumbuin, and Sotton's i:etter w"h 
Tl illiams s Reply Though maintmning the 

"c? v\'?f, "p ^""iT- ■ '^'""■'""* '"'J ^ ^^"^ 
« hrV • .1 T '""^ '!* '••-^'•'i'le*. an account of 
«hich IS the last of his pubs., — " Geor-e Fox 
digged out of his Burrowes " (1676) 

WilUams, S.*miel, LL.D.' fEdinb 
1.85), historian, and Hollis prof, of luathe^ 
matics and nat. philos. in H.C. 1780-8 b 

T I V^' • • H. U. 1 76 1 . Grandson of Rev 

^OY 20 1 , 60-80. I„ 1 788 he remove,! to Rut- 
land, where he preached in Ksg-Slo. and where 
he re'suled during the rest of his life. He sn5^ 
yeyt^ the west Ixjundary of Ms. in 17S6, ^d 
the boundary-line of Vt. in 1805. Some time 
editor and prop, of the Rutland Unald : fellow 
of the Amcr. Acad., of the Philos. Society ; and 
pub., besides pajiers on astronomy, &c., in'the sci- 
entilic journals. " The Natural and CivU HUtory 

?L\'-' T.*™-' '"^■^' '''^''"^^ •''''"«■'• 2 vols. 8y^ 
1M)J. During his residence at Bradford, Beni 
Ihompson, afterwards Count Rumford, studi^' 



989 



WULi 



philosophr under him, wa.-; a member of his 
faniily. and corre^n. with him until 1791. His 
Bon Gvn. ('. K. W illiaios Uxame chi.f justice 
and 20V. ot \'t. 

Williams, Samcel Wells, LL.D. (Cn. 
Coll. 1-V>' •.'i'Ti'iii-T, b. Cdca, X.V., Sk-pt. 
1312. ' '._- at the liensselacr School, 
Trov ! to rhina a.s a printtr for 

the ii. : at Canton, and assisted 

in e<ii [("i-o'^lorj. In 18-37. while 

on a from Japan, he obtained 

from - 1 Japanese a knowled^je 

oftb ':: r.-iat'-^l a treatise on smelt- 
ing copjier iVuiii ijie ori;^nal. and made a ver- 
sion of the Book of Gtne^U and the Gospel 
of St. MatthLW into Ja-ianese. He contrib. 
to Dr. Brid;rraan'» " Chinese Chrestomathy," 
and pub. '• ICasv Les«ms in Chinese." isil; 
" Kn;;lish and Chinese Vocabulary," 1S4-3; 
and "'Chinese Commercial Guide," 1844. Re- 
turning home, he r«ieh:-d New York in Oct. 
1S4.1, and pub. "The Middle Kingdom." 2 
vols. 1849. In 184S-51 he edited the Cliinfse 
Rtpviiori/ at Canton ; in 1 85.3—4 he was inter- 
preter to Com. Perry's Japan ejcped. ; in 1 S55 
he was sec and interpreter to the U.S. legation ; 
in 1856 he pnb. a " Tonic Dictionary of the 
Chinese Language ; " in 1858 he assisted Mr. 
Heed in the negotiations at Tientsen, and in 
1859 went with Mr. Ward to Pekin to ex- 
change the raiiScations ; in 1860 he leeture<l 
before the Smithsonian Inst and elsewhere in 
the C S. — Applf^on. 

Williams, Ges. Seth, b. Augtista, Me., 
3Iarch 22. 1522; d. Boston, March 23, 1866. 
West Point, 1842. Son of Hon. Daniel of 
Augusta, Jle. Entered 2d Art. ; was 1 st lient. 
in 1 847 ; served with Scott's army in ilexico, 
participating in the principal battles, as aide-de- 
camp to Gen. Panerson ; and was brev. capt. 
for gallantry at Corro Gordo. After the war 
he was assigned to the ailj.-gen.'s dcpt. ; pro- 
moted to m:ij. Aug. 3, 1861 ; lieat.-col. July 17, 
1 852 ; made bri;: -gen. vols Sept. 23, 1 f 61 ; adj.- 
gen. to Gen. McClellan in Western Va., and 
until McCleIl;in was relieved of the com. of the 
Army of the Potomac ; and held the same posi- 
tion with Gen. Meade, ilay 10. 1864. he was 
placed on the statf of Gen. Grant as acting in- 
spector-gen- ; brev. col. U-S.A. for Gettysburg; 
maj.-gfn. vols. 1 Aug. 1664 for merit, services 
since Gettysburg; brig, and raaj. gen. U.S.A. 
for campiii.Ti ending with Lee's surrender, and 
for gallant iiid merit, scnices in the field dur- 
ing the U Ii -Uion. 

Williams, Stephen West, M.D., a dis- 
ting. pli»'-i. ian and author, b. Decrficld, Ms., 
>Iar. if. 1790; d. Laona, Dl., Jalv 6, 1855. 
Son of Dr W. S. WiUiams of Drei^cld. Ee- 
move<J to Laona in 1 852. A Memoir is in the 
PhQa. il-il. a.vl S'lr./. Jo'ir. of Aug. 1 852. Au- 
thor of "Am'T. Med. Biog.," ?vo, 1845; "Me- 
moirs of Rev. John Williams of Detriicld ; " 
"Gen?a!og>- of the Wiliiams Familv," 1847; 
"Indi;rcnou8 M"diial Botany of Sis.," 8to; 
" Cateehi-^m of .ilod. Juri-pmdence," 18mo, 
1835. Con'rib. to mcd. and scii.nt. journals. 

Williams, Gfx. Tnoji.\9. 1.. X.Y. 1815; 
killed in the battle of Baton Rouge, Aug. 5, 
1862. West Point, 18-37. Entering the 4th 
An., in 1840-1 he was assist, prof of math, in 



the Milii. Acad. ; was aide to Gen. Scott in 
1 ''44-.50 ; won the brevets of capt. and major 
in the M'^xican war ; cajjt. 12 S'.[,t. 1 '-.'50 ; maj. 
5th Art. 14 May, 1 -61 ; and S^ pi. 23 was made 
brig.-g-.-n of vols. He com. for a time ih.: forts 
at Uait<.ras Ink-t; accomp. ButI r's e-i]A-<L to 
New Orleans ; Id the land-forces in th'.- unsco- 
cessfnl siege of V'ii-ksburg, cutting th.- canal 
d-csigntd to mm the cour-e cf t!ie iij.L from 
that city ; and aft'nvanJ huld com. at Baton 
Rouge. He vigo.-otisly repulsed the attack 
upon that place by the Conieds. undir Bn.ck- 
enriiige, but fell toirards the clos'. of th- action 
while k-a'lini' a Miehiiran regt. in a -.harge. 

Williams, Thomas Scott, LL.D. (T.C. 
1834), jurist, b. WethcrslJLld. Ct., .Jnne 26, 
1777 ; d. Hartford, Dec. 15, IS61. T.C. 1794. 
Adm. to the bar in Feb. 1799; com:.:enc.d 
practice at Mansficbl, remoring to Hartford in 
l.>03; member of the Gen. A^mllv 7 times 
between 1813 and 1829; M.C. in 18f7-19; in 
May, 1 *'29, was app. an a-^soc. judge of the Sup. 
Courtof Errors and of the SnperiorConn; and 
in ilay, 1 8.34, was app. chief jostice, which office 
he held till 1S47; mayor of Hartford 1831-5. 
Some years pres. of the Amer. Tract Soci-.iy ; 
wai a large contrib. to objects of btn volence, 
and beg^eath':^l nearly S-30,000 to charitable 
institanon-. An active member of the loreign 
Mi-^;on and Bil.le SocittiKg. 

Williams, William, minister of Hatfield, 
Ms., 16-5 to his d. Aug. 31, 1741, b. N'-wton, 
Feb. 2, 1665. 11. U. 168-3. Son of Isaac, and 
gramlson of Robert of Eoxbury. Hj pn^iched 
a half-c- ntury scn.aon from his ord., as al-o did 
his son Solomon, his grandson Eliphal t at E. 
Hartford, and his grc^t-grandson Solomon of 
Xorthampton. 

Williams, William, a signer of the DecL 
of Indcp., b. Leljanon, Ct., Apr. 1*, 1731 ; d. 
Ang. 2, 1811. H.U. 1751. Son of Rev. Solo- 
mon. In 1755 he belonged to the staff of his 
relative. Col. Eph. Williams, and was engaged 
in the battle of Lake George ; in 1 773 he was 
a member of the com- of corresp. of Ct. ; in 
1775 speaker of the house, and atterwards a 
member of the council ; was an active m.^mber 
of the tom. of safety. After sen ing a long lime 
in the legi^L, he was in 1776-7 and 17-3— t a 
member of the Cont. Congress. He aided in 
arousing the spirit of freedom by several essays 
on polincal subjects, and once by an impres- 
sive s;(tech ; and expnd'.-d neariy all his prop- 
env in the cause. M-mber of the convention 
of Lis Stare which adopted the Ftdcral Consti- 
turion. His wife wasadatLof Gov. Trnmbull. 

Williams, William R., D.D.,clergvman, 
b. New York, Oct. 14, 1604. Col. Coll.' 1822. 
Son of Rev. John, pastor of the Oliver-st. Bap- 
tist Ch., X.Y. City. He stndivd law 3 years in 
the olUce of Hon. P. A. .lay; practi^-d a year; 
visited Europe ; and, entering upon the Baptist 
ministiT, was installed over the Amitv-st. Ch., 
X.w York, in 1831. He ha? pub. 2 vols, of 
discourses; "Editions Progr ss," I'SO; "Lec- 
tures on the Lord's Prayer," I'^l; a vol. of 
"Miscellaneous Address 5." 1S50, &c. A 
" History of the Baptists," by him, is an- 
nounced (1871) from the press of Harper & 
Bros. Dr. Williams has a high lepnlacion u 
an author and pulpit-orator. 



990 



"wm 



WJlliamson, H0Gn,M.D.,LL.D. states- 
ma,, anc man of l,.tte« h, VVes't Notrin^ha^ 
.V, ^"- ''•^^; <'• ^'^^ 22 May, 1819 r 
ot Pa. 1757 He Mudi.d divinitv; preAchal 
occasionally du,ms? twoyeais; in 1 7C0-3 was 
prof, of mathematics in the U. of Pa. ; studied 
medicne at Edinbur ,h and Uti-eeht, ;•!. re he 
took his degree; and on hii return Dractisod 
successfully ia Phila. Jan. 7, 1769^ h^ was 
app. one of a com. of the Phiios. So "cty to 
observe the trans t of Venus, his account of 
which IS in vol. i. of the "Phiios. Trans " 

Z\,t ^",'''/ '" '"'-' ^' "'™' t« London 

to procure aid for an acad. at Newark N T 
and was examined in Pel,. 1774 by the privy 
council on the subject of the destruction ol thl 

aftei- tT n 'T^/r'"]" °" '^^ Continent; and, 
attcrthe Deck of Indep., returned home brinc-- 
ing miportant papers. Tlie lettera of Hutch- 
inson and others were placed in the hands of 
JJr. i lanklin, and reached Boston before Wil 
hanison reached Europe, disprovino- the as- 
sertion of his a.-e„ey W their procCmcnt. 

Ciiailcston S.C, wi.h a younger brother. He 
subsequently practised medicine in Edenton, 
^;C., served a numher of years in the house 

Ha of n' c'in'n'^," f '^^"■■?.«>n in the miii- 
na ot iVU. in 1781-2, rendcnng ad to tho-^e 
wounded at the battle of Camden; was a dele^ 
g_ate to Congress in 1752-5 and I7S7-8, and to 
he conv whKh formed the U.S. Constitution 
u 178/, as well as to the State conv. to ratify 
York w?' -Y-'"?-3: 'tenremovLdtoN^ 
^oik, where he was instniraental in formin- a 
Literary and Phiios. Society in 1814 ; Td was 
a frequent contrib. to the " Transactions "of 
the learned societies of Europe and Anierica 

cy in^'lvR '""' 1 "^?-^'^ ".!'°" ^»P- Cui^en 
^Lt^ ',*?■' ^^nie fugmve pieces on Languao-es 
and Politics in the .immmn Museuw • "Ol^ 
senrations on the Climate of America,'"' 1811 ; 

H,st. of N.C.," 2 vols. 8vo, 1812; "Observa 
rZ °".^^!^"S--'W-'„C"naIs;" and'an essay on 
Comets in " Trans." of Lit. and PhiJoe. Soe of 
" n • i° ' T^- ''^"^•-^^'^'' " discourse on the 
"Benehts of Civil Ilistoiy," before the n'y? 
ttist Soe. Sue, was his integrity, that none 
couM approach him with flattery 6i' falsehood! 

Williamson, Isaac H. LL I) /\ I 
Coll. ls;!9), law'er unci inris, h ri'- i u 
tmi-n V T V-,.V, ""'I J'Tist, b. Ebzabeth- 
t:,>»n, VJ,, l,b9; d. there July lo, 1S44 
Educate,! at the local schools of the nlacl' 
He st,,,l,ed law with an elder bro., Matthias 
was a.l,n. to the bar in 1791 ; was at one time 
prosc<..atty. for Mor,-is Co.. and rose to ."e 
head of the professio,.. In I8I7 he was elec ed 
to the Assembly, and was gov. and chancel or 

co^'oirAir-'^- ^--f'-s-ect'rt': 

Cjime to the U.S. in 1831, and issee.' of the 
Bi^-oklyn Art. Assoc. His best plet,.res ar^ 

Ai,uin,n in the Adii-ondacks," " Trot,t-Fi«h' 
ing, "Ameiican Fruit," and "Summit of 
Cl^ora by Twilight."- r«cWa„. ^ 

WlUiamson, Peter, well known for his 
s.ugular adventures; d. Edinh,:rgh, Jan. ig' 



. :;i;:r;;=-SE;-:;-vEs: 

M,tu,e, among them; assuming the d, ess of 
a cl„ef, mutauug the war-whoop? &c. He had 

trXT " ."f ''"""S " P^n,!y'-post at Edin- 
burgh, for wh.ch, when it was asJuined bvtrovt 
he received a pcnsiou. He was also the firs! 
« ho pub. a city directory. Author of " Prenc-h 

N'n;,!. \ ' •^.'.'"■' '^«o"nt of the War fn 
iJ.x. 1G7.""'"'' '^'"''' '"GO- (^«"*. Mag, 
Williamson, William Ddbkee his 
tonau, b. (.anterbury, C, July l^vh I 
I5an;.or, Mny 27, 1846. B,owu-U. I8oI His 

fn' Ki'n".;; p'l"',r!'^' f i*'"'^''""'^' ^™^ - -'die 
n King Phihp s Indian war. Commencina' 
the practice of law at Bangor in I807Twa8 
atty. for Hancock Co. I808-T6 ; was S atese^il- 
tor ,n 1816-20; was pres. of' .be fir r'senafj 

;.,^ "i-i- l8.'I-3. He was in 1824-40 a 
j.idge of probate for his countv. He nub a 
valuable Hist, of Maine, 2 vols 8vo iSs-p 

■•'s^";';;tfcs•' ""■'•"■'■■ 

WiUmg, Thomas, merehailt' and Revo! 
patnot b. Pbila. Dec, 19, ,731 ; d. there Ja^n! 
1-t. 182 . After read,ng law in the Temnle 
Loud., he became the l,?«d of the me, cam b! 
house of Willing and Morris, on of he laT^eit 
m the country, who were theigents o Con'?ess 

ot i-lula. , judge of the Supreme Court • rcnre- 
ent.t,ve ,n the Gen. Assembly; cha ir'im , of 
a Kevol. meeting in June, 1774 pr^s of the 

r,e7s- ^TTl '"'"''''% '." "'^ Cont."cou! 
gie.ss lu l,,o_6; pres. of the first chartered 

tbc L .S. He was for 60 yea,s an active eiiter- 

pi-iMi,-. and successful mcrebanf i- 

■ WlUlS, JsATiiAxiEL Parker,. poet and 

and many years a journalist i„ Ohio His 
mothe,-, ,lali. of Solo.uon Parker, a wonian 
0^ e.xe,nplary piety and benevolence d i^ 1S44 

attle"ph ll'lns"! ^f'"" '-'"'" S^''ool and 
at tl^t Ihillips Acad, at Andover. While 
a college he pub. some religious po«ry and 
^s^r^T"'- 1" ^f •' T''^' LcV^",Tda^;v '".'a 

w tlie .Un.oy, give the hi^oiy of his next i. 

rpS:V'''"r '^S=^;"n:'::d:;s; 
li::^;:dnf^Er:;;:,XE:^i.%= 



991 



TVTL. 



wg after liis marrhige in Eng., in 1835 he set- 
tled in tbc Valley of the Siisqiu-haiina, at a 
place whicli lie tailed " Glenmary," where he 
passed 4 years, and wrote the " Lcttrs fVoni 
under a Bridge." Financial cm!ui-ra<sments 
cansert his return to New York, where, in 1839, 
lie cstahliihid with Dr. Porter the Corsrtir, a 
weekly journal. He made a short trip to En;;., 
where he engaged Mr. Thackeray to write for 
the Corsair, and puh. in London " Loiterinjjs 
of Travel," a miscellany of stories, poems, and 
European letters; two plays, "Ijianea Vis- 
conti" and " Tortesa the Usurer," with the 
joint title, " Two Ways of Dyiu- for a Hns- 
liand ;" and also the letter-press for two serial 
pubs, by Virtue on the Scenery of the U.S. and 
Ireland. Findin;:, on his return to X.Y., that 
the Corsair had been abandoned in disconiaiic- 
nicut by Dr. Porter, he ia 1844 established with 
Gen. Morris the Evrnin'/ Miiror. I lis heal th giv- 
ing >vay under the pressure of this occupation, 
h? once more went abroad. He returned home 
in 184G,and was. until his death, roedilor, with 
Morris, of the Ilniiie Journal. lu 1846 he was 
m. (for the second time) to the dau. of Mr. 
Joseph Grinncll of New Bedford. His "Pencil- 
lings" were severely critici-ed by the Qitarterli/ 
Jl'riew. He also pub. in Eng. "Inklings of 
Adventure," 3 vols., orii.'iua!ly contrili. to the 
Ni:ii; Monllily Maij. Among his other publiea- 
lions are " Rnral Letters;" "People I have 
Met;" "Life Here and There;" '' Hurry- 
grajihs; " "A Summer Cruise in the Mediter- 
ranean," 1853 ; " Fun Jottings ; " " A Health- 
Trip to the Tropics ; " "I^eiters from Idlewild " 
(his residence on the Hudson, just above West 
Point); "Famous Persons and Places;" 
" The Uag-Bag ; " " Dashes at Life with a Free 
Pencil," 3 vols. 1815; "Paul Fane," 1S56; 
and " The Convalescent," 1860. His poems 
have been pub. with illustrations by Leuize. 

Willis, PiciiAHD Stours, b.' Boston, 10 
Feb. 1S19. Y.C. 1841. Bro. of N. P. Willis. 
Author of "Church Chorals and Choir Stud- 
ies;" "Our Church Music," IS55; "Carols 
and Music Poems," 15 Xos., I8G0-1; "Life 
of Bartholdy," 1865. Editor iV. Y. Musical 
World, and of Once a Week, estal). 1862; con- 
trib. to "National Hymns," 8vo, 1861 ; and to 
the new-papers and periodicals. — Altihone. 

Willis, \Vii,i,iA.M, LL. D. (Bowd. Coll. 
isr,7), hi.-rorian, b. Haverhill, ils., 31 Aul'. 
1794; d. Portland, Me., 17 I\b. 1870. H.U. 
lol3. De.-cended from Michael, a cutler of 
Dorchester, Ms., 1038. Adui. to Boston bar 
ISI"; settled in Portland, .Me., 1819; law- 
].Mrtncr of Senator \V. P. Fessenrlen 1835-54; 
S:ate senator 1855 ; mayor of Portland 1857 ; 
)>res. Me. IIi~t. Soc. 1856-65; member of 
many State Hist. Societies, and vicc-prcs. N.E. 
H. Ocncal. Soc. Author of " History of Port- 
land," part i. 1831, part ii. 18.33, and a new 
td. IS65; Introd. .Vddrcss hef. the Me. Hi t. 
Soc. 1855; Address to same, 1857; " McKin- 
stry Genealogy," 1860; "Books and Pam- 
phlets relating to Maine," 1859; " Histcfl-y 
of the Law, the Courts, and the Lawvcrs of 
Me.," 8vo, 1863 ; chief ed. " Me. Hi>t fc.dls ," 
Vols. 1-6; cd. Journals of Smith and Deanc, 
wih notes, &r., 8vo, 1849; and in 1869 of 
Dr. Kohl's " Discov. of Me.," in the first vol. 



of the documentary hist, of the State. Contrib. 
to N. E. Ginml. lie;!., Hist, il'rj.. Quir. Jour- 
nal, Xoi-IO'i's LitiKiri/ L'll'r. iMir llp/iorts, &c. 

Williston, EDiixi;ztK B., prcs. J,-tf. Coll., 
Mpi. ; d. Norwieh, Vt., 28 Dec. 1837, n. 37. 
H.U. 1823. Author of "Eloquence of the 
U.S.." 5 vols. 8vo, 1827. 

Williston, S.VMCEL, philanthropist, b. 
Easih iinpton,.ds., 17 June, 1795. Son of Rev. 
faysou, min.of Ea~iham])ton 1789-18.33. He 
began the study of theology, but di>continued 
it from weakness of the eyes. Gaining a for- 
tune by the inannlacture of buttons, he estab- 
lished in 1840. in his native town, the Williston 
Scm., to which he has given .S250.(100. In 1 846 
he endowed professor-hips in Amh College, 
adding in 1858 and 1S59 sums which uuulc in 
all S125,Ono. He gave liberally to the Mount- 
Holyoke Fern. Sem., and has 3 times erected a 
church at Easthampton, repeatedly burned 

Willson, Makcids, b. W. Stockliridge, 
Ms., 1813. Un. Coll. 1836. Author of " Civil 
Polity and Political Economy," 1838; " Land- 
scape-Drawing," 1839; "Theoretical Arith- 
metic;" series of School Histories and Read- 
ers; "Object Lessons," 1862; with X. A. 
Calkins, " School and Family Charts." 

Wilmer, Lambert A. ; d. Brooklvn, 
N.Y., 21 Dec. 186.3, a. 58. Editr)r in early life 
of the Bull. Sat. Visitor; afterward for many 
years of the Phila. Peniis/lfunian. Author of 
" Xew System of Grammar;" "Quacks of 
Helicon," 1851; "Life of De Suto," 8vo, 
1858: "Our Press-Gang," 1859. — ,4// ('toHt'. 

Wilmer, William Holland. D.D. (B.U. 
1819), Epis. clcrgvraan, b. Kent Co., Md., 
1782; d. Williamsburg, Va., July 24, 1827. 
Wash. Coll. He first engageil in mercantile 
pursuits; was ord. in 1808; took charge of 
Chester parish, whence he went in 1812 to 
Alexandria, D.C.as rector of the parish of St. 
Paul's. He was in 1816 first lector of St. 
Jolin\, Washington City; and in 1819-26 was 
an editor of the Washing/ton Tltccfl. J-lrpertori/ ; 
in 1823 he was app. to the chair of theology in 
the sem. in Alexandria, Va. ; and in 182G pres. 
of \Vm. and Mary Coll., and !•■ etor of the 
church at Williamsburg. Besides sermons. 
Dr. Wilmer published in 1815 his " Episcopal 
Manual." His controversy with Ba.\ter, a 
Jesuit priest, was pub. 1818, 8vo. 

Wilmot, David, author of the Wilmot 
Proviso, b. Bethanv, Pa., 20 Jan. 1814; d. 
Towanda, Pa., 16 S'lar. 1868. E.lucated at the 
academics at IJethany and at Aurora, N.Y, ; 
adra. to pracli.se law at Wilkcsbarre, Pa., in 
1834, and practised at Towanda. He began 
political life a Dcraoc. ; was .M.C. in 1845-51 ; 
prcs. judge of the 13ih (list, of Pa. 18.).3-G1 ; 
and was U.S. senator to fill a vacancy in 1801- 
3. While a bill was pending to appropriate 
52.000,000 for the purchase of a part of Jlex- 
ico, he moved, Aug. 8, 1846, to add an amend- 
ment, " That, as an express and fundamental 
condition to the acquisiiiun of any tcrr. from 
the republic of Mexico by the U.S nei- 
ther slavery nor involuntary servitude shall 
ever exist in any part of said territory." " The 
Wilmot Proviso, ' as it was called, was adopted 
hy the linnso, but failed in the senate. He 
supi oried Van Buren for tlie presidency in 



"WTXi 



992 



■wt:l 



184S; was a dele^rate to the Nat. Rcpub. Con v. 
at Phila. in 1856, and at Cliicaso in 18G0; 
opposed the repeal of the Mo. Compromise; 
was the unsuccessful eanilidate in 18.j7 for <rov. 
of Pa. ; was temporary chairman of the con- 
vention wliich in 1860 notninatid Mr. Lincoln 
to the iiri-.idcnc_v; and in 186:5 was app. by 
him a judje of the U.S. Court of Clnims. 

Wilmot, Hon. Uobert Dcncas, b. Frod- 
ci-ickton, N.li., 16 Oct. 1809. Educated at ?t. 
John, N. B. Elected to the N. B. legisl. in 
1846; surv.-gen. 18.')l-4; prov. sec. in 1856- 
7, and also a member of the govt, in 1865-6 ; 
mayor of St. John, and its representative for 
16 years; delegate for effecting a union of the 
British Provinces, and to the Council of Tr.ade 
dt Quebec in Sept. 1S65. Author of some im- 
portant papers upon " Currency." 

Wilson, Ai.ivXANDKR, ornitholosist, b. 
Paisley, Scotland, July 6, 1766; d. Phila. Aug. 
23, 181.3. He was lirought up in the trade of 
■1 weaver, which he follo%ved 7 years, during 
which lime be wrote verses for' the Gla.v/nio 
Advertiser. He pub. 2 vols, of Poems in 1789 
and 1791, which he peddled through the coun- 
try. " Watty and Meg," pub. anonymonslv 
in 1792, met with a sale of 100,001) copies, and 
was attributed to Burns. He also wrote for 
the Bee, and gained an acquaintance with 
Burns. Prosecuted and imprisoned for a 
poetical lampoon, he resolved to emigrate to 
Amer., and landed at New Castle, Del., July 14, 
1794. In the varied occupations of a weaver, 
peddler, ami schoolmaster, he lived on for 8 
years. By the advice of Bartram the botanist, 
he turned his attention to ornithology. In 
Oct. 1804 he set out on a pedestrian excursion 
to the Falls of Niagara, a metrical account of 
which he pub. in the Porlfollo, entitled "The 
Foresters, a Poem ; " in 1805 he began to learn 
the art of eieliing. Employed by Bradford, 
the Phila. ]iulilisher, njion an edition of Uees's 
" Cy<lopa;dia," he prevailed upon him to furnish 
funds for the publication ot an Amer. orni- 
thology on an adequate scale. The 1st vol. of 
his great work appeared in Sept. 1808; but it 
was too expensive to be very successful. The 
2d app. in 1810. In the course of publishing 
the first 7 vols, of his work, be travelled all 
over ibe continent to obtain subscribers and to 
increase his ornithological stores. On bis re- 
turn, by laboring night and day in the |>repara- 
tion of his work, he impaired his already 
weakened constitution, and hastened hisdiath. 
The 8th and 9th vols, were edited after his 
death, with a biog. by George Ord, who had 
accomp. him in some of his journeys. The 
work was afterward continuccl by Charles 
Lucien Bonaparte (4 vols. 4to. Phila. I825-3.3). 
— Sre Penliixli/'x Memoir of Wilson in Sjtirks's 
Anin: Bloq., id scr., v(d. i., and Allibone. 

Wilson, Allen B., inventor, b. Willet, 
Coitlaiid Co., N. Y. Has made important 
improvements in the sewiTig-macbine. The 
first, patented 12 Nov. 1850, made the stitch 
with less cx|iensc of time and )iowcr than the 
original ; another improved the mechanism 
for lioliling and feeding the cloth; and, 12 
Aug. 1851, he patented the "rota:ing hook," 
one of the most valuable improvements ever 
made in the sewing-machine. The first 



" Wheeler and Wilson " sewing-machine was 
made earlv in l'^51. 

Wilson, BiuD, D.D., LL.D., b. Carlisle, 
Pa., 1777 ; d. NY. City, 14 Apr 1859. Phila. 
Coll. 1792. Son of James Wilson the signer. 
Prcs. judge C.C.P , 7ih circuit, 1802; ord. 
deacon Pr.-Ej). Ch. 1819; rector of St. John's, 
Nonistoivn, Pa., 1819-21 ; prof, svstcm. divin. 
N.Y. Epis. Sem. 1821-50; and eincritus prof. 
1850-9. Author of an edition of Bacon's 
"Abridgment," 7 vols. 8vo, 1811-1.3; Me- 
moir of Bishop White, Svo, 1856 — .<e 
Memorial of B. \Viho'),h,j W. White llronson, 
18G4. 

Wilson, Dasiel, LL.D., prof of history 
and Eng. lit. U. of Toronto since 1 S53, b. Ed- 
inburgh, 1816. Bro. of "Cbri-topher Xort!!." 
Author of "Memurials of Edi ihurgh," 1847; 
"Oliver Cromwell," 1S50; " Arcb.-eology, &c., 
of Scotland," 1851 ; " Prchistoiic Man,'"' 1865; 
" Chattcrton," 1869. Four yc;.r.^ editor of the 
Canailliin Journal. Pres. of the Canadian In- 
stitute since 1859. — Morgan. 

Wilson, Heskt, statesman, b. Farming- 
ton, N.II., Feb. 16, 1812. The son of poor 
parents, he was brought np on a farm, and had 
little schooling, but, accumnlaling a lifle 
money by shocmalung at Natick, Ms., smdi d 
for a whUe in the academies at Staftbrd, Wolfs- 
borough, and Concord. He n suracd shoe- 
makuig at Natick in 1 833. In 1840 he took 
an actiro part in the presidential canvass, and 
made upward of 60 speeches in behalf of Har- 
rison. In the next 5 years he was 3 times 
elected from Natick to the legisl., and twice a 
senator from Middlesex Co. An active and 
zealous ojiponcnt of slavery, he made an elal> 
orate speech on his resolution in the legisl., 
declaring the unalterable hostility of Ms. to 
the farther extension and longer continnancs 
of slavery in America. Delegate to the Whig 
nat. conv. of 1848, and, on the rejectioti of 
antislavcry resolutions, withdrew Irora it, and 
took a prominent part in or^ani^ing the Free- 
soil party. He then b3ught tlie IJoston T!i pub- 
lican, a daily newspaper, which he cdit.d for 
two years. In 1851 and '52 he was pres. of the 
St.ite Senate; in 1852 he was pres. of the Free- 
soil nat. eonv. at Pittsburg. He took a ])rumi- 
nent part in the Const. Conv. of 1-5-3, and was 
tb.c I'ree.soil candidate for gov., but was d- 
feated. He was elected to the U.S. si-nate ia 
1855, wh"re he has ever since b-^en con picnons. 
For a brief period in 1855 he was Ujoia; 1 
wiih the American party, but, on ih-' auo:<;i,/n 
of a prodaviry platforr.i by it; nation::l cor.u- 
cil, withdrew from it, and took an active ^l:.•.'.•o 
in organizing the Rcpub. p:'j*ty. lie li;:s ink n 
part in all important debates in the senate, and 
made elaborate speeches on Kansas, tiic treas- 
ury-note bill, ihe expenses of th- govt., the 
tariff, the Pacific I'ailroad, and many oth^ r 
topics. His speech in defence of free labor in 
re;ih' to Senator Hammond of S C, March, 
1859, attained an immense circulation throngh 
the fi\e States. In March, ItGI, be was made 
chairman of the com. on military alVairs, a );ost 
which the civil war rendered one of great labor 
and responsi! ility. In the session of 1861-2 
he introduced the bills abolishing slavery in 
the Dist. of Col., and for abolishing the " b'laek 



993 



"WIXj 



code." In th'.- autumn of 1S61 he raised the 
2-2d JIa. Rcgt., o( which ho was for a short 
time col. In ISG:^ b- 1 roii^'ht in the bi'.l for 
the c:np!orraent of coloroJ soldiers. lie ij:ro- 
ducod in;iny important nieauros to organize 
and develop the military rtsourc;s of the 
country during th3 eivil war, and doliv;T.d 
aliout 100 speeches ar various plac.s in support 
of the Union. In 1831 he ptih. a " Uistorv of 
the Antislavrry Measures of the 37t!i and 33th 
Congresses;" in 1336 " Milit iry Measures of 
the U.S. Congress," 8vo, IoGG"; "History of 
the Ee^onstnietioa Measures of the 39th and 
40ih Co:i .resses," 1C63. 

Wilson, J.vMES, LL.D., a signer of the 
Bccl. of ladcp., b. near S:. Andrew's, Scotli-.nd, 
ab. 1742; d. Edenton, N.C., Au;,'. 23, 1793. 
He studied sucecsavel/ at Glasgow, St. An- 
drew's, and EdiaSurjh; tlicn crai;^. to Phila.-, 
wliere in 1706 ho was first cmploj-ed as a 
tutor in the coll. and academy ; a few months 
afterwards ho comraeneed the study of law in 
the office of John Dickinson ; was adm". to 
the bar in 1 763 ; praclis^'d suceessfully at Read- 
ing, then at Car. isle, then at Annapolis, and 
in 1773 returned to Phila., where he continu d 
to reside during the rest of his life. Upon the 
opening of t!ic controversy with Gre.at Itri.ain, 
he v.roie and pub. his .sen:iments wiLh great 
freedom and boldness. He was a member of 
the conventions held in 1774 anJ '75. He took 
his seat in Congress, May 10, 1775, and voted 
in favor of the D. cl. of Indep., in opposition 
to the majoriry of his coileagu- s Irom Pa. In 
1 7;-2-3 and 1785-7 he was again a delegate ; in 
1779-31 he was advocate-gen. of Franee, and 
continued to give adviee until 1 783, when the 
French sent him a present of 10,000 Uvrcs. He 
was a member of the coav. v.hieh framed the 
Constitution of the U.S. ; w.is one of the com. 
who reported the draught, and in the State 
conv. was efficient in proeuring its adoption. 
Ho wa; subsequently a member of the conv. 
which changed the consiitution of Pa., and 
was one of the com. to make the draught. In 
Sept. 178J ho was app. a judge of the U.S. 
Supreme Court. In 1 790 he was app. prof, of 
law in the U. of Pa., and delivered a course 
of lectures, whieh are contained in his works, 
pub. ill Pbila. 3 vols. 1804. He pub. "Ad- 
dross to the Citizens of Pliiln.," 1784; and 
wiih Thoma.s McKean, LL.D., " Commentaries 
on the U. S. Constitution," Lond., 8vo, 1752. 

Wilson, James Grant, b. Edinburgh 1832. 
Son of V^i. iam of Pcrtlishire, with whom he 
came to the U.S. in Dec. 18.33, and was his 
partner in the lx)ol;sel<iag and puMi -hi.ig busi- 
ness in Chicago. During the Rebellion ho 
S'r.ed under Grant at Vicksburg, and subse- 
quently under Ban!is in La. He has since 
re.-ided in N.Y. City. Author of " Illinois 
Ollicers in the Rcb. flion," 8vo, 1803; "Love 
in Letters," &<•., 1S67 ; "Life of Gen. Grant," 
8vo, 1863; "Mr. Secretary P( pys and his 
Diary," 1869; "Life and Letters of Fitz 
Greene Halleck," 1869; "Sketches of lilus- 
trions Soldi-r^ ; " " Poets and Poetry of Scot- 
l.ind," and '■ Historv of Chietigo," are in JIS. 
He edited Halleok's" " Poetieal Works," 1869 ; 
assisted in preparing the " Life of Audul)on," 
by his vidow, 1S69; edited the Chkar/o Record 



and the Xurth - Western Qiart. ilA."/. ; and has 
contrib. to Appleton's Cyclop, and the mivga- 
zines of the dav. — AUilone. 

Wilson, Gex. James II., h. HI. ab. 1S33. 
West Point, 1 380. Entering the Topog. Engrs., 
he became 1st liont. 9 Sept. 1361, and capt. 7 
Mav, 1863; lieut.-eol. statf U.S. Vols. 8 Xov. 
1362; brig.-gen. vols. 31 Oct. 1863; mnj.-gen. 
vols. lO Apr. 1865. He served in the Port- 
Eoyal cxped. ; at the capture of Fort Pulaski, 
Ga., for which ho was brev. major 1 1 Apr. 
1 862 ; aide to Gen. McClellan at Soe.th Jloun- 
t.'.in and Antiotani ; as;ist. cngr. and iusp.-gen. 
Army of the Tenn. in Vieksburg campaign of 
Mar.-Oet. 1863; brev. lieut.-eol. 24 Nov. U-63 
for battle of Chattanooga; com. 3d c.xvalry 
div.. Army of the Potomac, May-A\ig. 1 864 ; 
brov. col. 5 May, 133t, for the battle of thi 
Wilderness, and ciigagcd in the principal ac- 
tio'.is during that period ; in the Shenandoah 
campaign, Aug.-Sept. 1864, and engaged at 
Summit Point 21 Aug., and at Opeque.n 19 
Sept. 1864; com. cavalry of the div. of the 
Mpi. Oct. lS64-JuIy, 18"05, and cugagcd in 
Gen. Thomas's campaign, driving the Confed. 
caT.ilry across the ilarpLth Riv, r de.ring the 
battle of Franklin, 30 Nov. ; and in b.ittle of 
Nas!iville, for whieh he was brev. biig.-gen. 
U.S.A. 13 M;ir. 1SG5; com. cavalry exped. 
into Ala. and Ga. Mar.-Apr. 1865; and brev. 
maj.-gcn. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1365 for capture of 
Selma, Ala. ; took Montgomery 12 Apr., Co- 
lumbus 16 Apr., and Macon 20 Apr.; and 
finally, 10 r.Iay, 1365, captured J Lerson Da- 
vis, pros, of the Confederacy. Lient.-col. 35th 
Inf. 28 July, 1866; discharged 31 Dec. 1870.— 
Citlhim. 

Wilson, James P.\triot, D.D. (U. of Pa. 
1807). minister in Phda., b. Lewes, Del.. 21 
Feb. 1769; d Bucks Co., Pa., Dec. 10, 1830. 
U. of Pa. 1 788. Son of R.v. Dr. .Matthew 
Wilson. Adra. to the bar in 1790. Hcwas first 
a disting. lawyer, and from 1806 to 1830 pas- 
tor of the First Presb. Clmreh. He pub. " Lec- 
tures on the Panililes and the Ui-t. Parts of 
the New Testament," 8vo, 1810; "Introd. to 
Hebrew," 1812; '■ Essay on Grammar," 1817; 
"Common Oljeotions lo Cliiistianlty." 1829 ; 
" Ilo| e of Inimort.." 1829; " Primitive Govt. 
of (•Iiri>t. Cliurehes," IS'S-O, &c. 

Wilson, John, fii-st minister of Boston, b. 
Wmd.sor. Knu'., 1588; <l. Ang. 7,1607. Son 
of Rev. Dr. Wm. He was educated at King's 
Coll., Caml>riclge, where be obtained a lellovv- 
sliip, of whieh he was deprived rornoiiconfonn- 
iiy. After studying law and theology, lie 
was chaplain in several families; then .•settled 
in ihc ministry at Snillja-y, Suffolk; but in 1620 
came to N. E. with Winthrop. A i linreli was 
(onned at Cliarlcslown, and, Aug. 27, .Mr. Wil- 
son was onl. over it. Settled in Boston Nov. 
22, 1630, but returned to Eng. for his wile in 
1631. Ho was again ord. pastor in .Nov. 10.12. 
He was rcg.irded as the father of the new plan- 
tation. He pub. in England " Some Helps to 
Faiih," 12mo. 

Wilson, John, jirinter of Boston from iib. 
1843 to his d. 3 .\ug. 1808, b. Gla.-gow, Scot- 
land, 1802. Author of " Scripture Proofs and 
Ilhistraiions of Uiiiiarianism," Svo. 183') ; 
"Concessions of Trinitarians," Svo, 1842; 



WIX. 



994 



"vvi>r 



'Treatise on Punctuation," 1844 ami 1S50; 
" Unitarian Principles ennfirmod by Trinitarian 
Testimonies," 13J5; "Elements o( Pnnctna- 
tion," 1853. He prefixed an essav on Bums 
to an edition of liis poem-i in 1837, and deliv- 
ered an address on Burns, in Boston, in 1859. 

Wilson, PiiTEK, LL.D., scholar and lin- 
(rnibi, I), parish of Ordii;;hill, Scotland, Nov. 
2), 1741'. ; d. N. Barbadoes, N.J., An-. 1, 1825. 
JIar. Coll., Aberdeen. Erai;;. to America in 
1 7G3. He was many years principal of Haeken- 
saek (N.J.) Acad.," and of that at Flatbash, 
E.I.; and was in 1789-92 and in 1792-1820 
prof, of Latin ami Greek at Col. Colle;;o. 
An active Whijj of the Kevol. ; member N. .J. 
legisl. 1778-8.1. He pub. "Introd. to Greek 
Prosody," 1811 and an improved cd. 1812; 
"Latin Prosody," 1816; an ed. of Adams's 
" Roman Antiquities," 1819; andof the "Greek 
T, St.," repr. Pliila. 1859. 

Wilson, ItoBiiUT Andi;rsov, b. Coopers- 
town, N.y., 1812; resided 3 years and a half 
in Cal., where he was judge of the SacramoTito 
gold dist. Author of " Mexico and its IJeli- 
gion, or Incidents of Travel," 1831-4, 12ino 
1855; "A New History of the Conquest of 
Mexico," Svo, 1859. Edited, with notes and 
a])pendix, vol. i. " Calif. Reports," bv Bennet, 
lS'->3. — Allibone. 

Wilson, Samuel Farmer, journalist, b. 
New York, 1805; d. N.Orleans, March 12, 
1870. Col. Coll. 1822. Adm. to the N.Y. 
bar, but removed to N. Orleans, where he was 
at one time associated with Gen. Wm. Walker, 
in the True Delia, and was afterward an editor 
and proprietor of the Picai/iuie. Author of 
"Hist. Aracr. Revol./' 5th ed. 1834, new cd. 
18C9. 

Wilson, Thomas B., naturalist, b. Phila. ; 
d. Newark, Del., March 15, 1865. Eminent 
Bs a zooloL'ist. He raised to a high rank the 
Acad, of Nat. Sciences of Phila., of which he 
was pres. His collections in this dept. were 
of great value. The splendid collection of 
birds belonging to the Phila. Acad, was his 
gilt. 

Wilson, William, an early pioneer of 
Illinois ; chief justice of the Sup." Court of III. 
1819-49 ; d. White Co., III., 29 Apr. 1856, a. 68. 

Wilson, WiLLi.v-M, bookseller and poet 
of Poughkccpsie, N.Y., b. Perthshire, Scot- 
land, 1801; d. 25 Aug. 1860. After many 
years' residence in Edinburgh, he came in 1 833 
to the U.S., and in 1834 estah. himself at P. 
For 30 years acontrib., under the imni tie plume 
of " Allan Grant " antj " Alpin," of poems to 
the periodicals. He. edited the Scottish Songs, 
&e,, of Hew Ainslie; assisted in editing the 
Dundee Un-leir 1821-3; and in 1824 edited the 
Ziterari/ ('Hi': A xo\. of his Poems, edited by 
Ben>on .T. Lossing, was pub. 12mo, 1870. 

Wilson, William Dkxter, D.D. (Gen. 
Coll. 1850), LL.D., eler^'yman, b. Stoddard, 
K.H., Feb. 28, 1816. He studied at Walpole 
Acad., and afterward in the Cambridge Thcol. 
School, and was ort. in the Epis. ministry in 
1842. Prof, of hist, and moral and intell. phi- 
los. Geneva Coll. 18.50. He has pub. " A Man- 
ual of Church Principles," 1846 ; " History of 
tlic Picformation in England," '1848 ; ""The 
Church Ideniidcd," 1850; " ElciBWtary Trea- 



tise on Logic," 1856; "Constitution of a 
Christ Church derived from Holy Script.;" 
in 1347 he edited Bishoj) Maut "On the Ru- 
brics ; " and has contrib. to the reviews on 
pliilos. subjects. 

Winohell, Alexandkr. LL.D. (Wes. 
U. lSiJ7), geologist, b. North East, Duchess 
Co., N.Y., Dec. 31, 1824. Wesl. U. 1847. 
Teacher of natural sciences at Ameni.i Sem., 
N.Y., 1848-51, and at Mesopotamia I'einuie 
Sem., Ala., 1851-3 ; pres. of ^Masonic Female 
U., Selm.a, Ala., 1853; prof, physics and civil 
eng. U. of Mich. 185.3-5; and of geol., zoii!., 
and botany, since 1855, pres. of Mich. State 
Teachers' Assoc. 1859 ; State geoloaisr. Mi !i., 
1859-62; prof, of geology in the Ky. U. ISOO- 
9 ; made director of the geol. survey of Mich. 
1869 ; prof, of geol., loiil., and botany, U. ot 
Mich. Member of a large nundjcr of scienlidc 
bodies at liome and abroad. Has pub. 210 
original papers and volumes ; and has described 
300 new species and genera, niostlv lossil. Ed- 
ited the Jlieliigan Jwiniul uf tlil"'-iii;ou in 
1859. Author uf '■ Sketches of Creation," 1809, 
also a " Genealogy of the Family of Win- 
chell," 1869 ; " Fir"st Biennial Report Geolog. 
Surv. of Mich. 1861;" "The Grand Traverse 
Region," Svo, 1866; " Gcolog. Jlap of Mich.," 
Phila. 1865; "Geol. Chart NY.," 1870.— 
See list o/" liis pii/frs ii' AHi'oue. 

Winchester, Elu.vn.w, clergyman, b. 
Brooklinc, Ms., Sept. 30, 1751; d. "Hartford. 
Ct., April 18, 1797. He began preaching in 
1769; and in 1771 was pastor of a Bajjtist 
church in Rehoboth, Ms. Adopting the views of 
the re.-;tricted communists, he w as e.xconuuuni- 
cated by his church. After residing in Charles- 
ton, S.C., from 1774 to 1780, he became pastor 
of the First Baptist Church in Phila. In 1781 
he founded there a Universalist church. He 
preached successfully in Eng. in 1787-94; and 
pub. " Four Dialogues on Universal Restora- 
tion," 1 788 ; " Lectures on Unfulfilled I'rophe- 
cies," 4 vols. 8vo, 1790 ; " Five Letters to Rev. 
Dan. Taylor," 1790 ; " The Progress and Em- 
pire of Christ," a poem, 1793; and "The 
Three Woe Tnimpets," 1793. Among 37 
others of his publications are " New Book of 
Poems," Boston, Svo, 1 773 ; " Hymns," 1 77G ; 
" Oration on the Discovery of .iVncrica," deliv- 
ered in Lond. 1792; "Life of Bcnneville;" 
" Five Letters on the Divinity of Christ ; " 
" The Beauties of the MiUenniuin ; " "Ten Let- 
ters to Thomas Paine, in Reply to his Age of 
Reason," 1794 ; " Political Catechi-m," 1795 ; 
"Hymns on the Restoration." 179.') ; " Ad- 
dresses to Jews, Deists, and Christians." liis 
Life was written bv Vidler, and by E. M. 
S;one (Boston, 1836). 

Winchester, Gen. James, b. Md.. 
1756; il. Teim. .July 27, 1826. Lieut, in the 
3d iMd. Regt. May 2"7, 1778; and was made a 
prisoner by the British, and exchanged Dec. 
22, 1780; "app. brig.-gcn. Mar. 27, 1812, com. 
a detachment of North-western army, and de- 
feated by British and Imlians near French- 
town, on the River Raisin, Jan. 22, 1813; re- 
signed March 21, 1815. 

Winchester, Samuel Cover, pastor 
of the Sixth Presb. Church, Phila. 1830-7, and 
of a cong. at Natchez, SIpi., from 1837 to his 



■WXN- 



995 



WTN" 



d. lit N. T. City 31 Aa<r. 1841, b. Rock Run, 
MJ., I" Fib. 1805. Author of "Companion 
lor the Sick." 1833; "Christian Counsel to 
x'.vi Sitk." 1836; Discourse at Oakland Coll., 
1338 ; " The Theatre," Phila. I2mo ; " Impor- 
tance of Family Keli^'ion, with Prayers and 
Ilvnin-^," 12nio, 1841. — Sprof/ne. 

'Winder, Lkvin, gov. M.i. 1812-15; A. 

Bait. July 7, 1819, a. 63 App. maj. 4th Md. 
Re^t. Apr. 17, 1777, and was a licut.-col. at tlie 
close of the U';vol. war. Speaker of the h. of 
delcfrarcs before 1812; in 1816 was a nicni- 
li^r of tlie senate, and was a'so a gen. of militia, 
anil L'rand-master of Masons of .Maryland. 

Winder, Gen. Williasi H., b. Somerset 
Co., .M.I., Feb. 18. 1775; d. Baltimore, Mav 
■Jl, 1824. U. of Pa. He established himself 
i.T the practice of law in Baltimore in 1798; 
was app. lieut.-col. iuf JIar. 16, 1812 ; col. 14th 
Inf. July 6, 1812; com. a successful exped. 
from Blark Rock to the Canada shore below 
Fort Erie, Nov. 28, 1812; brig.-gcn. Mar. 12, 

1813 ; made prisoner at Stony Creek, U. Can- 
ada, June 6, 1813; adj. and insp.-gen. May 9, 
1814; assigned to com. of lOth dist. July 2, 

1814 ; com. at the battle of Bladensburg, and 
in the unsucces-ful defence of Washington City, 
Aug. 1814 : and, after the war, resumed his pro- 
fession. He was disting. at tlie bar and in the 
senate of Md., and, though unfortunate, was 
esteemed for gallantrv and patriotism. His 
son Gen. John H. Winder, b. Md. 1800, d. 
Branchcville, S.C, Feb. 9, 1865. West Point, 
1820; assist, instructor in tactics there 1827-8. 
He served with distinction in the Mexican war, 
and at the opening of the Rebellion wa.s major, 
and brev. lieut.-col. 3d Art. He resigned 27 
Apr. 1861; entered the Confcd. service ; was 
soon made a brig.-gen., but was not actively 
employed. Ho com. the post of Richmond ; 
had charge of Libby Prison, lielle Isle, and 
finally of Andersonville, Ga. His cruelty to 
prisoners rendered him infamous. 

Winds, Gex. William, Revol. officer, b. 
Soiithold, L.I.,ab. 1727 ; d. near Dover, Morris 
Co., N. J., 1 789. He was one of the founders 
of the Presb. Church in Rockaway, and be- 
queathed to it more than half his large property. 
In 1775 ho was lieut.-col. in Lord Stirling's 
regt., and was a col. in 1776 at Ticonderoga. 
He was n large, athletic man, and had a most 
powerful voice. 

Winebrenner, John, founder of a re- 
ligious sect, called by him the "Church of 
God," but generally termed Winebrenncrians. 
Originally a minister of the German Ref 
Church, he took charge, in 1821, of a small 
Cong, at Harrisburg, Pa., from which he with- 
drew in October, 18.30, and founded a new sect. 
The church has 3 positive ordinances, — bap- 
tism, feet-washing, and the Lord's supper. Two 
tilings arc essential to the validity of baptism ; 
v'\7.., faith and immersion. The elders meet an- 
nually, while a general eldership of delegates 
from the annual elderships is held every 3 years. 
Tlie denomination has a domestic an<l foreign 
missionary society,and a printing-establishment 
for its publications. Its organ is the t'liurrh 
Aili'mnli; a wccklv. 

Wines, Enoch Cobb, D.D. (Mid. 18.53), 
LL.l). (Wash. Coll. 1859), teacher and author, 



b. Hanover, N. J., Feb; 17, 1806. Mid. CoU 
1827. He became principal of an acad. at 
St. Albau's, and afterward assist, teaidiur in a 
female seni. in Alexandria, Va., and next 
opened a school in Washington Ciiy. In 1829 
he taught on board the ship "Constellation." 
in which he visited the Mediterranean. In 
1833 he took charge of the Edge-hill Sch-nd. 
Princeton, N. J. ; in 1838 became prof of I.mi- 
giiiiges in the Central High School of Phila. , 
in 1844 founded a boarding-school in Darling- 
ton, N. J., where he remained 4 years. In Jan. 
1849 he was licensed to preaeli hy the Con;; 
board of R.I.. and has since preached in varioiH 
places. In 1853 became prof, in Wash Col'., 
Pa.; and in July, 1859, took charge of a lit- 
erary institution, styled the "City U. of S,. 
Louis." Has latterly been engaged in a mission 
for the organization of an International Prison 
Congress. W" has pub. "Two Years and a 
Half in the American Xavy," 2 vols. 18')2; 
" Hints on a Svstem of Popular Education." 
1837; "How shall I Govern my School?" 
1838 ; " Commentaries on the Laws of the 
Ancient Hebrews," 1852 ; " A Trip to Boston," 
1838; "A Peep at China," 8vo ; Monllilj/ 
Journal of Ediirnlion ; " Essay on the Advan- 
tages of Studying the Classic Languages ; " 
" Lecture on Education as a Source of 
Wealth ; " " Treati-e on Regeneration," 1803 ; 
" Essay on Temptation," 1865 ; " Promises of 
God," 1808: liesides contribs. to periodicals. 

Wingate, Paine, jurist, b. Amisburv, 
Ms., Mav 14, 1739; d. Strathara, N.II., March 
7, 1838." H.U. 1759. Gr.-grandson of Jons 
of Dover, 1660; grandson of Col. Josiica (b. 
Dover, N.H., F.b. 2, 1630, d. Hampton, IVb. 
9, 1769), who was at the capture of Louisburg, 
1745; son of Paine, minister of Amcsbur.' 
1726-86 (H.U. 1723). He was ord. Cong, 
minister of Hampton Falls, N. H., Dec. 14, 
1763; dism. March 18, 1771; M.C. in 1787; 
U.S. senator 1789-93; again M.C. 1793-5; 
and a judge of the Superior Court of X II. 
1798-May, 1809. His wife, a sister of Tiiiio 
thy Pickering, d. Jan 7, 1843, a. 100 years and 
8 months. 

Wingfleld, Edwin Maria, merchant of 
London, a member of a disting. family ; w.-.s 
lir^t pre-, of the Colony of Va. under th ■ pat- 
ent of 10 Apr. 1606. In conscrpf nee of d's- 
agrccnv nts, he returned to Eiig. in 1008. C.ijir. 
John Smith givus him a verv bad character. 
Charles Deane in 1860 edited', with Notes and 
an Introd., "A Disconi'sie of A'irginia " by 
Wingfleld, first printed from the original MS. 
in tlie Lambeth Library. 

Winslow, Charles FREonKicK, M.D. 
(H.U. 1S34), b. Nantucket, M>., 1811. App. 
consul to Payta, Pcra, 1862. Authorof "Cos- 
mography," 12mo, 1853; "Preparation of th': 
Earth,*' '&e., 1854; "The Cooling (Jlol.e." 
1865 ; " Force and Nature," &c., 8vo, 1 869. 

Winslow, Edward, gov. of Plymonth 
Colony 1 633, '36, and '44, b. Droitwicli, Worces- 
tershire, Eng., Oct. 19, 1595; d. at sea, be- 
tween St. Domingo and Jamaica, May 8, 
1655. He was of good fanii y ; made a tour in 
Europe ; and ia 101 7 joined the church of R v. 
John Robinson at Leyden. He w.ts a passen- 
ger ii "The Mayflower;" was one of Semi- 



996 



^\TN- 



grant brothers ; and, in the first conf. with Mas- 
sasoit, ofiVred himself as a hostage, and won the 
attachment of the chiof, which he stivngthenod 
in 1623 bv curing: him of a severe illni'ss. lu 
1 623-4 he made two voyages to Enropc as agent 
for the Colony. While in En^. in 1635, as 
agent for the Colony, Arihbishop Laud im- 
prisoned him in the Fleet Prison tor 1 7 weeks 
on the charges of haring taught in the cliurch, 
being a layuian, and porfornuug marriiige as a 
magTstrat*. In 1649 he agniu wnt lo Eng. ; 
aid 'd in organizing the Society for the Propa- 
oation of the tiospel i-j X.E..and was engaged 
Hi various public allairs. lu 1655 Cmuiwcll 
made him one of 3 comrai^s. to sup-'rint nd an 
esped. (gainst the Spaniards in the W. Indies, 
and he died in that service. lie pub. "Good 
Xi-w,^ from X. Enghind," 1 623 ; " Relation 
about Indians;" "Hypocrisio Unmasked;" 
" A Brief Xarrativc of the Trac Grounds or 
Cause oi' the First Plantin>: of X Eniilaud;" 
'• The Danger of tolerating Levellers;^' "Glo- 
rious Progress of the Gospell among the Indi- 
ans," 1C49 ; "Xew England's Salamander Dis- 
covci-e<l," &e., 1647; "A Platform of Church 
Discipline in Xew England," 1653. 

Winslow, HrnrXiKD, D.D. (Ham. Co'il. 
1J5S), elfr_'vman and author, 1>. Williston, 
Vt.. Oct. 30, 1799; d. there Aug. 13, 1?64. 
Y.C. 1S25. lie studied theology ; "was settled 
pastor of the First Church at Dover, Dec. 4, 
182? ; lUsm. Xov. 3, 1831 ; pastor of the Bow- 
doiii-st. Church, Boston, Sept. 26, 1832-Mar. 
1844 : from ISH to 1353 he had charge of the 
Mt.-Vcmon, or Beacon-IIill, Seni. for Young 
Ladi'^s, in Boston; afterward travelled some 
mouths in Europe ; in 1 857-0 pr.ached to the 
First Presb. Church in Geneva, X.T. ; and in 
1861 was pastor of the 50th^t. Pr.sh. Church. 
Among his pubs, arc " Young Man's Aid ; " 
" Sermons on ChristiaTi Doctrines ; " " Dis- 
courses on the Trinity ; " " Social and Do- 
mestic Duties ; " " Are you a Chrisiian ! " 
" Elements of Intellect. Philos. ; " " Appropri- 
ate Sphcr • of Woman," 1 ?37 ; " Woman as She 
Should Be," 1837; "Relation of the Xatural 
Sei nces to Revelation." 1839: "Design and 
Mode of Baptism," 1842 ; " History of the 
First Pn-sb. Church and of the Viliaat! of 
Geneva, X.Y.," 1859; "Moral Philosophv," 
1855: "The Hidd-n Life," 1S62. He d iiv- 
ercd nnmcrons addresses on educational topics, 
contrili. to the KiliiC(iti>wa! Jo'ima!, edited the 
R^lrjin-is Maiazi'ne, and Avrote aniclcs for vari- 
ous reviews. He was an able controversialist 
and an impressive preacher. 

Winslow, Jonx, raai.-S'?n., b. Marshficld, 
M-.. 27 May, 1702; d. Hingham, Ms., 17 Apr. 
1774. Grandson of Gov. Josiah. Capt. in the 
f.:!fortun!it<; Cuba cxped. in 1740. lie was the 
principal actor in the tragi^iy of the expulsion 
of the hapless Acadians from Xova Scotia in 
1755; and it is a singular tact, that, 20 years 
after, nearlv ever}- person of Winslow's lineage 
was for |X)litical reasons, by the force of events, 
transplanted to the very so'l from which the 
Acadians were expelled. W 'nslow was com.- 
in-chief at Fort Wm. Henry, on Lake George, 
in 1756; a major-gen. in the expcd. against 
Cana la in 1 758-9 ; and was an oUicer of cour- 
age ant* ability. App. pres. judge of C.C.P. 



for Plymouth Co. in 1762; Prov. conn-jilloi 
and memli.r of the Ms. legist, during the 
Stamp- Act dillienlties. An original founder 
of the town of Winslow, Me., i:i 1766. Uis 
son Dr. Isaac d. M.ir^htield in 1SI9, a. SO. 

Winslow, John A., rcar-adm. U.S.X., b. 
Wilmington. X.C, Xov. 19, IfilO. D.seendid 
from a bro. of Gov. Edw:u"d. Midshipm. Feb. 1, 
1827; lieut. Dl-c. 9, 1S39; com. Sept. 14, 1S55; 
capt.Julyie, 1862; eommo. June 19, 1861; rear- 
adm. 1 870. Attach -d to the frigate " Cumb.T- 
land " in ihe attack on TaUisco; and in various 
sUirmishis on ihe M.xican coast 1 ^-45-7 : in the 
Mpi. flotilla 1861-2; at Fort Pillow; com. es- 
p.'d. np the ^Yhite River for the relief of Ccu. 
Curtis in .June, 1862; com. " ivearsai-'.xe " 186^3- 
i. Jun.' 19, 1864, he sunk the Conf J. ste.imcr 
"Alabama," Capt. Seraraes, o.f Chcrbounr, 
France. The action was fought whi e the two 
vessels were steaming at the rate of 7 or S miles 
an hour, and every lew minutes sheering so as 
to bring their broadsides to Ijcar. being foiTccd'to 
fight in circles, " swinging steadily aro:ind an 
ever-changing centre.^' Aflcr they had de- 
scribed 7 circles, and bad reduced their distance 
from a mile to aliout a quarter of a mile, "The 
^Uabaiua " began to sink. " The Kearsiwge " 
lost only 3 killed and wounded. For this gal- 
lant action Capt. Winslow was made conuno- 
dore. Cora. Gulf squad. 1866-7; now (1871) 
com. Paci.'ic fleet. 

Winslow, Josiah, first native-born gov. 
of Plvmouth, .son of Gov. Edward, b. Marsh- 
field, "Ms., 1629; d. there Dec. IS, 16S0. He 
had the comuiand of a luilirary comp.-.ny in 
Mar=hfield as early as 1652; in 1656 lie iap- 
turcd Alexander, eldest son of Massasoit, and 
defeat. d his i)lans .^g•.uast th.- Colony; in 1G5S 
was app. major, th.n commander of the mi'i- 
tary of the Colony ; in 1C75 he was ^x'a.-i;i- 
chief of the whole ibrce of the U. Colonies raised 
in King Philip's Indian war. One of the coin- 
miss, of the U. Coloni.s in 165.', Iio v. as r> 
elect.'d for 13 years. He was cboscn one of the 
dL>puties in 1657, and until 1673 o:io of th'' as- 
sists., when hj was elected gov., which oEice he 
he'd until liis death. He was tol.n.nt in an age 
when that virtue was exceedingly ran-. liU 
wife Penelopk, dan. oi' Hereon Pelhani, whom 
he ra. in 1G57, d. Dec. 7, I70J, a. 73. 

Winslow, MiKox, D.D. (H. U. 1858), 
LL.D. (Mid. Coll. 186!), r.;i,sionary and phi- 
lologi.~", liro. of R' T. Ih'.b'oard and Ciordon, b. 
Wi liston, Vt., 1 1 Dec. 1 789 ; d. Cape of Good 
Hope 22 Oct. 1864. Mid. Coll. 1315; And. 
Sem. 1818. Uis father Xath-AXIEL, descended 
from Kenelm, who came in " The Mayflower," 
\v3s a teacher, and d. Wil'.ision, Vt., 30 April, 
18-32, a. 80. In June, 1819, he sailed for India, 
After 17 years' labor at Ceylon, he founded a 
mission at Madras, and was pi\?s. of the native 
eoliege conncited with it. Author of " Hist, 
of Xlissions," 1SI9 ; " Memoir of I larriet Wins- 
low," 1S35; "Hints on Missii;ns to India," 
1856; and in 1862, after 20 years' labor, his 
valuable " Dictionary of the Tamil and Eng- 
lish Language." He also translated the Cib'e 
into Tamil, pub. scvcr.il works in India, and 
contrib. to periodicals. His broth' r Gokdox, 
many years Pr.-Ep. rector of St. Paul's, Staien 
Island, drowned in the Potomac 7 June, 1864. 



wi:n- 



907 



WIN" 



while insp. for the Sanifary Coiiiinisj., Army 
of the Potomac. His son Col. Clkvelaxd (I. 
of wounds rocoivod at McchaiiicsvUli', Va., 7 
July, 1S64, a. 2-!. 

Winsor, JLSTi>f, superintcndont Boston 
Public Library since Feb. 1SG8, b. Bonon, 
M^., 2 Jan. 1831. Studi.d at C.nnbHdgo, Ms., 
Paris, and Heidelberg;. Author of " llistory 
of l>a.-cbury, JIs.," 8vo, 1S49 ; compiler, \virh 
Riv. G. U. llepworth, of" Song:s of the Unity," 
lo53. Contrib. to various periodicals. He is 
now preparing a Lile of David Garrick. 

Winston, Joseph, b. Va. 1746 ; d. near 
G-.rmaiKonn, X.C , IS14. He joined a com- 
pany of rangers in 17G0; was twice wounded 
in an Indian li-ht on tlie Greenbrier; was pen- 
sion .d by the li gi>l. for hi; gallantry ; removed 
to Stokes Co., X.C, in 1766; was its reprc^ 
scntative in 1775-6, and was app. a major; 
was in several tights with Tories ; and for his 
' bravery at King's Mountain, where be com. 
the right wing, had a sword voted him by the 
Icgisl. Commiss. to the Cherokecs, with whom 
a treaty was made in 1777. Fir-t senator from 
Stokes" Co. in 1791, and member of the legisl. 
reix-atcdly until 1S12 ; M.C. 1793-5 and 1S03- 
I 7. His son Gen. Joseph d. Platte Co., Mo., 
1 March 24, 1S40, a. 52. He had filled im|x>rtanl 
I oiiices in Stokes Co., X.C. ; serv.d in the war 
I of 1812; w;is many years in the State legisl. ; 
I and was a major-general of militia. 
I Winter, William, poet, b. Glouee-stcr, 

Ms., 1S36. Author of '-The Convent, and 
i 0:lier Poems," 1854; The Queen's Domain, 
I and Other Poems," 1858 ; " My Witness," ic, 
I a book of verse, 1 87 1 . Has edited George Ar- 
nold's poems ; is dramatic critic of the .V. Y. 
TrUium and .V. Y. Albion, and a coutributor to 
magazines and journals. 

Winterbotham, William, assistant 
preacher at How's Lane, Plymouth, w.;s ar- 
raigned for seditious words in his sermon ■, Xov. 
5 and S, 1792 ; and in July, 1793, sentenced to 
4 years' imprisonment and a fine of .£200. Au- 
thor of " Americiin Atlas," London, 1 794 ; 
'■ Historical View of the U.S. and of the Eu- 
rop. Settlements of America and the West In-, 
dies," 4 vols. 8vo, London, 1795 ; composed in 
pri.~on, " View of the Chinese Empire," 8vo, 
1795. — .ITOwK'. 

Winthrop, Fixz Jomf, F.R.S., gov. of 
Ct. from 1698 till his death, b. Ipswich, March 
14,1638; d. Boston, Xov. 27, 1707. Eldest 
son of Gov. John of Ct. He went to ICnu'., 
where he held a commission under the Pixi- 
lector Richard Cromwell in 1 65:*, and, return- 
ing to Ct., became a representative in 1671; 
scn'ed as major in Philip's war, jind in 16-6 
was one of the council of Gov. Andros. H • 
Ixvanu- a magistrate of Ct. in 1639; in 1690 
was app. maj.-geu. of the army designed to act 
against Canada, and condiicti^il thecxjud. wirh 
great prudence. In 1693-8 he was agent of 
the Colony in Great Britain, and discharged 
his duties so satisfactorily, that the legisl. pre- 
sented h; m with £500. Like his father, he was 
di.iinc'u.shed for philosophical a'tainmenis. 

Winthrop, Jons, gov. of JIs., b. Groton, 
Suliblk, En-., Jan. 12, 1588 ; d. Boston, Mar. 
26, 1 649. Like his fathiT and grandlather, he 
w;i» bred to the law ; at 18 was a justice of the 



peace, and was noteil for piety and hospitality. 
Made gov. of the Ms. Company in 1629, aiiil 
chos n to lead a colony to Ms. Bay, he eon- 
verted his estate into cash, left Eng., and land.d 
at Sale:n, .luue 12, 1630. He soon removeil 
to Cluu'Iestowu, and selected the peninsula of 
Shawiaut as the site of Boston, and shared in 
the severe privations of the first year. Devoting 
himself a,ssidnously to the good of the Colon-.", 
he was anuuailv elected gov. until 1634, ay.iu 
in 1637-40, 1642-4, and from 1646 to his death. 
In 1636, when Sir Henrj' Vane was cleetid 
gov,, Winthrop was chosen deputy-gov. Vane 
and Winthrop were on opposite' sijes in the 
Ilutchiiison controversy, and in 1637 Winthrop 
was chosen over Vane. He subsequently had 
a controversy with Vane in regard to the ali. n 
law. Again' dep.-gov. 1644-5. V\'inthrop was 
opposed to an unlimited demoeracy ; aiul, when 
the people of Ct. were forming a govt., he wrote 
them a letter, in which he said that " the best 
part of a community is always the lc:ist, and 
of that least part the wiser are still less." His 
firm and decided management of aft.iirs some- 
times made him unpopiUar. He bore this with 
equanimity, ami served the State as faithfully 
in an inferior station as at its head. He op- 
posed the doctrines of AnneHutchiu.-ou and her 
tbllowcrs, and was active in their banishment 
Hi; private character was most amiable. Gov 
W. left 5 sons, the eldi'st of whom w;is the found- 
er of the Saylirook Colony, and gov. of C;. 
His valuable " Journal " of the public o.eur- 
rences in the Ms. Colony from Jlar. 29, 1630, 
to Jan. 11, 1649, was pub. in 1790, and, with 
notes by James Savage, in 1 826 and 1 853. He 
also wrote on Imard " "The Arhella " "A Mod- 
el! of Chri-tian Chai-itv," printed in the Ms. 
"Hist. Colls." — 5ce Life and Lctkrs of 117,,- 
M«v', hii Ti. C. Winl/irofi, 2 vols. Svo, 1864-7. 

Winthrop, John, F.R.S., gov. of Ci.,son 
of the preeedniL', b. Groton, Eng., Feb. 12, 
1606; d. Boston, April 5, 1676. Dublin U. 
1622-5. He w.is in the cxjicd. of 1627 for the 
relief of the Huguenots of Roclulle; in 162S 
was an nthuhi ot the embassy to Turkey; fol- 
lowed his father to America in I6.'>l, and was 
in 1632 chosen a magistrate of 5Is. ; .settled at 
Ipswieh in Mar. 1633, but soon returned to 
Eng. In 1635 he came back with a commis- 
si >n under the Warwick grant, built a fort at the 
mouth of the Ct. River, and w;is constituted 
gov. In 1644-5 h ■ moved his family from Bos- 
ton to Pcquot HarlKjr, where, in the following 
spring, be founded the city of Xew London. 
He w;is a magistrate in 1651 ; gov. from 1657 
to his d. Sent to Eng. in 1661, he procured a 
clian-r from Charli'S II. uniting Ct. and Xew 
Haven in one Colony, and was the lii-st gov. 
undir it. In 1676 he visited Boston a.^ tln' 
repies ntative of Ct. in a congress of the 
United Colonies. He was an accompl. Ii d 
scholar, a founder of the Royal Society of Lon- 
don, and the author of a number of papers in 
the "Philosophical Transactions." 

Winthrop, John, LL.D. (U. of Edinb. 
1771), F.K.S., Hollis prof of math, and nat. 
philos. in II. U. 1738-79, b. Boston, 19 Dec. 
1714 ; d. Cambridge, Ms., 3 May, 1779. H.U. 
1732. Son of Adam Winthro]), and descend- 
ant of Gov. John. Disting. for his mathcmat- 



"SVIN" 



998 



WIS 



ical skill. His obscnatioiis of the transit of 
Mercurv, in 1 740. were noticeil by the Roy. Soc. 
of Loud., of which he subsoiiuently became a 
meinbor. He observed the transit of \'oniis over 
ho sun's disk at St. John's. Newfoundland. 6 
JuU'.", 1761. an aecount of wliiih ho pub. Uos- 
to:i, ovo, I7GI. He w.is several years judp; of 
|)ro'>.ite for Afiddlcsex Co. ; mcinl>er of the 
cou.uil iu 177.5-1; and a prudent as well 
as a tirin advoc;tte of poliiieal lilK-rty. Author 
of a " L;.ctu:x> on Earthiiuakes." 1753 ; " An- 
swer to Mr. Prince's Letter on Earthquakes," 
K5J; "Two Lectures on Comets." 1759; 
" Aceiinnt of some Fiery Jleteors," 1705; and 
•■Two Leetuivs on the Parallax," 1709. In 
17CG his pajKr, " Cogitata de Comctes," was 
eomnuuiieated to the Uoy. Soc. by Dr. Frank- 
lin, and was separately printed in London. 

"Winthrop, Uodert Charlks. LL.D. 
(Bowd. 1849; Keny. 1851 ; H.U. 1Sj5), on»- 
tor. po^icieian, and man of letters, b. Boston, 
12 May. ISOD. H.U. 1S28. Sixth in descent 
from Oov. John Winthrop. His father Thos. 
Lindall, LL.D. (Trin. Coll. 1S.3G). lieut.-^.'ov. 
of .Ms. in 182G-32 (b. X. Loud., Ct.. 6 .Mar. 
17C0; d. Boston, 22 Feb. 1S41 ; H.U. 17S4). 
was a merchant, and took a dec|i interest in 
asjricultiux' ; was pa-s. of the Ms. Agrie. Soc., 
of the .Ms. Hist. Soc., and of the Amer. Amiq. 
Soc , and a memlx-r of the Amer. Acad, of 
Arts and of the Philos. Soc. ; in 17S6 he m. 
the eldest dan. of Sir John Tcmjile, and ;:rand- 
dan. of Gov. Bowdoin. The son studied law 
with Daniel Webster : entered the State lesiisl. 
in ISaS; was its speaker iu lS;!S-40: M.C. 
1840-2 and Its43-50, and sjK'aker in IS47-S; 
LT.S. senator 1S50-1, duiiuir the uuexpiivd term 
of Mr. Webster. Pn-s. of the Ms. lli>t. Soc, 
and of other literary and elutiiialile assoei itions, 
aiul also of the Boston Publie-I.ilirary liuikling 
•Commissioners His eon;;ivssional >]>eeches are 
included in a vol. of "' .Vddrcs.ses and Speeches," 
pub. 1^.">2, followed by a second in 18G7. Au- 
thor of " Life and Letters of John Winthrop," 
2 vols., 1SG4-7 ; and " Memoirof Nathan Apple- 
ton," ISGl. Amon<^ his addresses are tho.-e on 
the Wa:hingtoii Monument Inane., 1848; 
Public Library of Boston. 1855 ; and that of 
till- Franklin Statue in 1856; in memory of 
Wm. II. Prescott, Feb. 1859 : Josiali Quincy in 
Julv, 1S64 ; on Edward Everett in Jan. 18G5 ; 
and" at Plymouth, 21 Dec. 1870. In Dec. 
18j;5 he delivered a lecture on Alj^'rnou Sidney 
before the Boston .Mereantile-Lib. Association. 

"Winthrop, Theoimjre. soldier and au- 
thor, b.N. Haven, Ct., Sept. 21, 1S28; killcdat 
the battle of Great Bethel. Va., June 10, 1861. 
Y C. 1 848. After a visit to Euroiic for his he^ilth 
i:i 1849-31, he became tutor to the son of .Mr. 
W. H. Aspinwall, whose eountinir-house iu New 
York he snlkietpiently entered ; resided 2 years 
in Panama in the employ of the Pacilic Steam- 
ship Co. ; visite<l California. Ore,i;\>n, and Van- 
couver's Island ; and aecomp. the unfortunate 
ex|xd. of IJeut. Strain to ex]ilore- the Isthmus 
of Darier.. Keturninj; in 1854 in poor health, 
he was adm. to the bar. and practised at 
Si. Louis, but, dislikinj: the climate, sinni re>- 
turnal to New York. Immediately after the 
fad of Fort Sumter, in Apr. 1 SGI . he joined the 
N.Y. 7lh Ucift., and beca-uc miiitiuy sec to 



Gen. Butler at Fortress Monrxx', with the rank 
of major. Author of " Cecil Drecme." '•John 
Brent," " Edwin IJrothcrtoft," " Canoe and 
Saddle." " Lite in the Open Air ; " also a num- 
ber of nui<;azine articles, among them an ae- 
count of the campaign of the N'.Y. 7th Kegt. 
in the Ailniitic Moiilhit/ of June, July, and Aul;., 
18G1. 

"Winthrop, W.\itstill, maj.-gen.,b. Bos- 
ton. Feb. 27, 1G42 ; d. there 7 Nov. 1717. Son 
of l!ov. John of Ct. Member of Andros's coun- 
cil and of that of 1G92 ; Judge of admiraltv ; 
and chief iustiec of the Superior Court of Jls. 
His son Joiix (b. 28 Aug. 1681. d. 1 Aug. 
1747 ; II.U. 1700) was some time a magistrate 
of Ct. ; arterwanl a disting. member of the 
Koy. Soc. of Lond., to whose " Transactions " 
he was a contributor. 

"Wirt, WiLLi.vM. LL.D. (H.U 1824), 
orator, lawver, and author, b. BladensburL'. 
Md., Nov. "8, 1772; d. Washington. I). C., 
Feb. 18, 1834. His father was a Swiss, and 
his uiolher a German. Left an orphan at the 
age of 8 wiiii a small patrimony, he was edu- 
cated by his uncle Jasper. He resided ab. 20 
niouilis as a private tutor in the family of 
Benjamin Edwards, the father of Gov. Ninian 
Edwards of Illinois. In 1792 he commenced 
the practice of law atCulpepperC.U., Va. ; in 
1795 he ra. the eldest dan. of Dr. George Gil- 
mer, and settled at Pen Park, near Charlottes- 
ville. He there contracted dissipated habits, 
from which he is saiil to have Ixen ledeeuied 
by listening to a sernuin preached by James 
Waddell, w hose memorv he has per|K'luateil in 
his " British Spy." In' 1799 his wife died, and 
he was- soon alter elected clerk of the house of 
delegates. He was iu 1802 app. chancellor of 
the eastern dist. of Va., hut shortly nficrward* 
resigned this office, and, toward the elo.-c of 
1803, removed to Norfolk. Just before this he 
wrote the letters pub. in the liirhmmil Aniiis 
under the title of "The British Spy," wtiieh 
have since been collected, and have passed 
throuvrb ten editions; in 1804 he pub. ni the 
luclimoiitl EiKjiiirei- a scries of e&savs entitled 
" The l{ainlH>w ; " in 1806 he wen"t to Ki.li- 
mond, and, the following year, greatly di...iiiig. 
himself in the trial of Aaron Burr, estaldisliine 
his reputation as one of the fore'inost lawyers 
in the country ; in 1807-8 he was elected to the 
house of delegates, in which he was a promi- 
nent advocate of the policy of Pres. Jefferson ; 
in 1812 he wrote most of the cs.says originally 
]>uh. in the lurlnnomi Kiiqttitrr under the title 
of •• The Old Bachelor." " The Life of Pat- 
rick Henry," his longest literary prodnctiun, 
was first pub. in 1817. In 1816 he was app. 
U.S. aity.for the Dist. of Va. ; and in 1817-30 
was atty'.gen. of the U.S. ; in 1830 he removed 
to Baltimore. He deli\-ere"d a discourse on ilie 
death of Mr. Adams and ilr. JeH'erson iK'fiire 
the citizens of Washiuyton, Oct. 19, 1826. In 
1832 ho was the candidate of the anti-Masonic 
parrv lor pres. of the U.S. His Life, bv J. P. 
Kennedy, was pub. (2 vols., Phila.) 1849. His 
widow Elizabeth Washington", dau. of Col. 
Kobcrt Gamble (b. 30 Jan. 1784. m. 1802, d. 
Anna|)olis 24 Jan. 1857), was the author of 
" Hora's Dictionary." Bait. 1829. 

"Wise, IlENiiV Au^XANUKR, politician, b. 



999 



■WIT 



nrnmimmJtDwii, Aixomao Co., Va., 3 Dec. 
IsOO. Wash. Coll., Pa., 1825. liU f.itlier, 
« liii was a l.iwvcT, and once speaker ul tlie house 
ol (leli-ates, <1. 1812. Mis niothci- il. in 1813, 
and lie w.is educated liv relatives. Adni. to the 
l)ar at Wi.iehjster in I'SiJS, and .settled ill Nash- 
ville, Tenn., Imt in IS'M icuirncd to Aeeoniae ; 
i\I.C l3.'33-4.3, and a supporter of Gen. Jack- 
son, hnt, on his removal of the deposits (Voin 
the U.S. Bank, went over lo the opjiosiiion. 
JiinisleP to Brazil I84.')-7. lie exerted a 
piiiverful inlluenee over the [loli.'v of .luhn T_v- 
i T, ro whose nomination to the viec-presideney 
Ml 1840 lie largely conirilmled. A zealous ad- 
voeaio of (lie adinis.-ion of Tixas iiiio the 
Union. Menilier of the State Ccni^t. Coiiv. of 
IS.)0 ; tl' ^- "' \'a. lo.')^-GU. lie jjine.l Senator 
I)ou;.'las ill o|)posin!^ the Lecoinpioii Consiitu- 
(ioii lor Kansas. In I8.">9 lie pub. a tieati~e on 
teriitori.il j:(ivt., sii.stainiiig the doctrine of 
eoui.'res.-ioiial |iroteelion of slavery. The last 
aet of Ills ailniini.slratioir was the c.\eeuiion of 
John lirowa and liis followers for ihe raiil on 
IJ.irper's Ferry. Ill the Va. convention of 13 
FeS. 1361, lie advoe.ited a peaceful settlement 
of tlie dillieuliies with :lie Federal f;overnineiii. 
After the secession of Va., however, he took 
the commission of l)ri;r.-f;eii. ; was defeated liy 
Gen. J. D. Cox at Gauley Brid;;c; and com. at 
Roanoke Island, Imt was sick when iis capture 
tnok place, 7 Feh. 1852. His son, Capt. O. J. 
Wise, was kilUd on that occasion. — See tjiorj. 
.Shich l„i ./. /•". IJamhUlon, 185G. 

Wise, IIiixKV Aloustcs, capt. U.S.N., 
and novelist, h. Brooklyn, N.Y., May 12, 1819; 
d. Naples 1 Apr. 1SG9. Son of George Stuart 
Wise, ail officer of ihc U.S.N., who came from 
an old royalist family, several of whom were 
taken prisoners after the Peiiruddock Rebel- 
lion, and sent to Va. ali. 166.'). At the age 
ol H, by the influence of his cousin Gov. Wise, 
be was app. a midshipman, and first sailed un- 
d.r ('apt. John Percival, — the " Jaek Percy" 
of his " Tales for the JMarines." lie served in 
the squadron on the coasts of Florida during 
the Seniiiiolc war, and, after promotion to a 
lieutenancy, in the Pacific, in Cal., and Mexico, 
during the war of 1S4C-8. On his return to 
the U.S. he m. the dau. of Kdward Everett. 
In 1802 he was promoted to com., and made as- 
sist, chief of the bureau of ordnance and hy- 
iliograpliy; capt. Jan. 1867 ; resigned his con- 
iieeiion with the ordnance bureau, Jan. 1869. 
lie pull, in 1849 " L05 Gringos;" in 1833 
" Tales for the Marines ; " " Scampuvias," 
1837; "Capt. Brand of the Schooner Centi- 
pe.le." 1860. 

Wise, Jons, minister of Ipswich, Ms., 
from Aug. 12, 1683, till bis d. April 8, 1725. 
Dipt. Aui:. 13, 1652. II. U. 1673. Son of 
Joseph of Uo.ximry. In 1688, foriemonstrating 
against the grievance of taxes imposed without 
aiiihoriiy from the Assembly, be was iin- 
pri-oned by Andros. After the revol. of Apr. 
H)S9 he brought an action against Dudley, 
chief justice, for denying him the benefit of ihe 
babeas-i'orpiis act. As a chaplain in the iintbr- 
tiiiiate exped. against Canada in 1690, he was 
disMiig. not only for piety, but for martial skill 
and an heroic spirit. He was one of the very 
few luiiiisiei's who favored the introduction of 



inoculation for small pox in 1721. In 1705 he 
opposed the sehenie ol estalilishing associations 
to be inlruslcd wiih spiriinal power; and in bin 
" Church Quarrel Kspoiused," pub. in 1710, — 
a book alioundiiig in wit and satire, — eon- 
tended that each eliureh ciiiitainerl 111 iisell all 
ecclesiastical authoriiy. He was zcilous ami 
ardent in his atiaelinient to civil and religions 
liberty, and was a dep. to the A>^eiiibly in 
Andi'os's ndniiiiistraliiin. He piib. liesiiU' the 
above, ah '717, "A Vindication of the Govt. 
of (lie N. K. Cliiirehes," reprinted i:i 1772. 

Wisner, Buxj.vmi:,- BLYDKN-niRO, n.l). 
(E.liiib.). minister of the Old South Cliiuvh, 
Boston, Feb. 21, 1821-lS.'i2, b. Goslieii, N.Y., 
Sept. 29, 1794; d. Boston, Feb. 9, 1833. Uii. 
Coll. 1813; tutor ISI.")-1S. His faiher, P. B. 
Wisner, was one of ihe first settlers and loundeis 
of the chnreh at (ieiii va, N.Y. The son stud- 
ied law, and afterward theology, at Prineeion. 
Ill-healih eauseil him to leave the pul|jit in 
1832 for the olliee of sec. of the Ainer Board 
of Missions. Besides sermons, he pub. in 1830 
■•A Ili-torv of tlie Old South Clinreh ; " 
" .Menu.irs "of Mrs. S. Uuntiiigton," 1828.— 
.U/.ss. llndd, 1836. 

Wisner, MosiiS, lawvcr, gov. of Mieh. 
1859-61, b. Aiirelius, Ciyuga Co., N.Y. , 1818; 
d. Le.xiiigioii. ICy., 5 Jan. 1863. He received 
a good ediicaiiun ; removed to Mich, in 1839 ; 
was adm. to the bar in 1842, and was pros, 
aitv. lor Lapeer Co. in 184.3-4; app. col. 22j 
]\Iieli. Kegt. in 1862. 

Wistar, Casp.vu, M.D. (U. of Ediiib. 
1786), physiriau, b. Phila. 13 Sept. 17G1; il. 
there 22 Jan. 1818. His lather, a Uerinau 
Quaker, settled in N.J. After the battle of 
Gerniantown in 1777, he iiiiiiistered to tint 
wounded, and was in consciiuence led 10 adoj.t 
the medical jirofessioii. After studyin'_' wiih 
Dr. Redman, he attended the lectures at the 
U. of Pa., and in 178.3-7 studied and travelled 
in Great Britain. Returning to Phila. in Jan. 
1787, he began practice there; was prof of 
chemistry and physiol. in Phila. Coil, in 1789- 
92, and physieian to the Dispensatory and Hus 
jiital ; ailjiiiiet ]>rof. of anatomy and surgery 
with Dr. Sliippen, Jan. 1792-1808; and |irof 
of anatomyin 1808-18. He was a ino-t ski!lnl 
physieian, and gave to the Phila. Med. School 
the high reputation it acquired. Meinber of 
many literary and scientific societies ; viee-prcs. 
of the Araer. Pliilos. Soc. from 1795,and pns. 
from 1813. He succeeded Dr. Rush as pies. 
of the Society (or the Abolition of Slavery. IIis 
piiiicipal work is a " Svstcm of Anatoniv," 2 
vols. 1812.— C;m«'s .Uci/. liiiri. 

Wiswall, Ilhahod, minisicrof Duxbni V, 
Ms., 1676, to his d. July 23, 1700, b. i:iig. li;;;'s. 
He studied three years at II. U., but did not 
graduate. He was many years an instructor 
of youth, and was a:.'eiit of the Colony in V.nz. 
in 1689, striving to prevent the union of Plyni- 
outh to cither N.Y. or Ms., but was defe.'iiul 
in this bv Inc. Mather. A poem on the comet 
of 1U80 was pull, hv him in London. 

Withers, Ges. Jo.ves M., b. Ala. all. 
1814. West Point, 1833. Kiiiered 1st Drags. 
July, anil resigned Dec. 5, 1833. AidetoMaj.- 
Geii. Patterson ol Ala. Vol-, ill the Creek war, 
1836; col. Ala. Vols, lor .Mexican war ; lieut.- 



"WTT 



1000 



■WOL 



tol. 1 3th U. S. Inf. 9 Apr. 1847 ; col. 9th Inf. 
Sept. 13, 1847; resigned May 2.3, 1848; mer- 
cli:im in Moliile 1S48-6I; mavor of that citv 
1858-61. App. hiig.-f,'en. ConiWl. service 1861; 
laaj.-^'en. 1862; com. 2il div. 2d corps at the 
bait.'c of Shiloh A])r. 6, and at the battle of 
Stone River D jc. 31, 1862. 

Witherspoon, John-. I). D., LL. D., 
cleri;yin;in and seliular, b. Yoter, near Edin- 
biuvii, Feb. 5, 1722; d. near Princeton, N. J., 
Nov. 1.5, 1794. His father, the pari-h minister 
of Yester, was a lineal descendant of John 
Knox by his dau. Kiiznbeth. The son was 
educated at the U. of Kdinlmrj;h ; was licensed 
to preach at 21; and settled at Beiih. When 
the Pretender landed in Scotland, he marched 
at the hiad of a corps of militia to Glasgow 
to join hini ; was taken prisoner at the battle 
01 Falkirk, and imj)ri>oned in Donne Ca~tlc, 
where he remaineil until altcrtbe l>attle of Cul- 
loden. In 1737 be was settled at Paisley, whence 
he was called in 1 767 to the presidency ot Prince- 
ton Coll., N. J., and was in:ui;;-. Aus- 1", 1768. 
He wi-oie an apolojjne entitled " History of a 
Corpo ration of Servants, "&e., a narrative, under 
a pleasant disguise, of the church-history of 
Great Brit,tm ; "An Fssay on Justification," 
1 7.')6 ; and a " Serious ICntpiiry into the Nature 
and Ell'rcts of the Staiic." 17.')7, occasioned by 
the performance of " Douirlas," written by the 
clergyman Home. In 1 764 be went to London, 
and pub. 3 vols, of "Essays on Important 
Subjects." He improved thefinances, and rai>ed 
the reputation of the college, and gave lectures 
on moral ))hilos. and rhetoric, which are in- 
cluded in his works. In addition to his other 
duties, be was prof, of divinity, and pastor of 
the eburch in Princeton, during his presid«ney. 
On the opening of the war, the college was for 
a lime broken up; when Witherspoon was dele- 
gated to the N. J. conv. for framing a State 
constitution, and, being sent by the Prov. Con- 
gress to the Gen. Congress at Pbila., took his 
seat in time to sign the Dcel. of Indep. He 
was a )>unctnal attendant in Congress during 
his term of 6 years, and active on committees ; 
member of tlie secret com. and of the board of 
war, and visited the camp to improve the state 
of the troops. He wrote the congressional 
addresses to the people, recommending fasts, 
and " Thoughts on American Liberty," and 
war-pieces in the newspapers. His " Essay 
on Money" was a reproduction of his speeches 
in Congress, where he opposed the repeated 
issues of pa)ier-iTioney. In that body his 
sagacity, and insight into the future, were pre- 
eminent. In 17S1 he wrote several periodical 
essays on social and literary topics, entitled 
" The Druid." He went to Eng. in 1783 and 
1 784 to collect binds for the college. At the age 
ot 70 he m. a young lady of 23. By his first wile 
he had a sou, a major in the Kevol. army, 
killed at the battle of Gcrmnntown. Ramsay 
the historian m his dau. His works were pub. 
in 4 vols. 8vo at Phila. in 1802; and in 9 vols. 
12'no, Edinburgh. 

Withington, Rev. Leonard, D.D., 
pastor of the First Church, Newburv, Ms., 
181!:-.5S. b. Dorchester, iMs., Aug. 9, 1789. 
Y.C. 1814. He pub. " The Puritan, a Series 
of Essays by John Oldbug, Esq.," 2 vols. 1836 ; 



" Solomon's Song," transl. and explained, 
1861; "Penitential Tears," 8vo, 1 845 ; single 
sermons, &c. — Diiyckiivl;. 

Woedtke, De, brig.-gcn. Revol. army. b. 
Prussia; d. Lake George, ab. Ju'y 31, 1776. 
He was for many years an olficer in the army 
of the great Frederick, and was app. by Con- 
gross a brig.gen. March 16, 1776. 

Woleott, Oliver, LL.D. (Y C. 1792), 
si'^ner of the Decl. ofInde|)., b. Windsor, Ct., 
Nov, 26, 1726; d. Liichfield, Dec. !• 1797. 
Y.C. 1747. Son of Gov. Roger. Acapt.inthe 
northern frontier in the war wliiih lermiiiaicd 
with the peace of Aix la Chapellc. He then 
studied medicine, but abandoned it on being 
app. sheriffof Litchfield Co. in 1731. In 1774- 
86 he was an assist, in the council of the State ; 
also for some lime judge of the C C.P. and of 
the Litchfield Court of Probate, and a maj.-gen. 
of militia. In 1775 he was app. by the Cont. 
Congress one of the commiss. of Indian aflfairs 
for the northern dept. to secure the neutrality 
of the Indians. In Jan. 1770 he was made a 
delegate to Congress. In July he returned to 
Ct., and was invested with the coin, of the State 
militia drafted lor the defence of N.Y. In Nov. 
he resumed his seat in Congress. The follow- 
ing year he joined the northern army under 
Gates with several hundreil voliintecr.s, assisted 
in the defeat of Burgoync, and was made brig.- 
gen. on ihe field of Saratoga. Until 1786 he was 
occupied in serving his country either in Con- 
gress, in the field, or as a commiss. of Indian 
aliairs ; li,;ut.-gov. of Ct. 1786-96; gov. in 
1796-7. 

Woleott, Oliver, LL.D. (N.J. Coll. 
1799; Y C. 1819), statesman and financier, b. 
Litchfield, Ct., II Jan. 1760; d. N.Y. Citv, 1 
June, 1833. Y.C. 1778. Son of the preceding. 
He was a vol. to repel iheBritish attack on Dan- 
bury, Ct., in 1777 ; was a vol. aide to his fa: her 
in 1779; and afterward was an officer in t!ic 
commis.sary dept. Adm. to the bar in 1781, 
he was employed in the financial atf.iirs of his 
State ; in May. 1784, was a commiss. to settle 
its a counts with the U.S. ; comptTOller of 
public accounts. May, 1788-Sept. 1789; auditor 
U.S. treasurv 1789-91 ; comptroller 1791-5; 
sec. U.S. ti-eas. 3 Fel). 1793-31 Dec. 1800; 
app. judge U. S. Circuit Court in 180O. Ue- 
movin,"- to N.Y. City in 1 802, he was a merchant 
until the breaking-out of the war of 1812, the 
policy of which he sustained, and about this 
time, in connection with his bro. Fretlerick, 
commenced the extensive manuf. establishment 
at Woleottville, near Litchfield. Pavs. of the 
SiateConst.Conv.of 1817; gov.ofCt. 1818-27. 
While a resident of Hartford, he was one of its 
coterie of wits wiih Hopkins, Barlow, Alsop, 
and Trumbull. His last years were passed in 
New York. Author of " An Address to the 
Peo).le of tlie U.S.," 8vo, 1802. 

Woleott, Gev. Roger, soldier, statesman, 
and jurist, b. Windsor, Ct., Jan. 4, 1679; d. 
there May 17, 1767. Never having had a day's 
schooling, he yet rose to ihe highest military and 
civil honors. At the age of 12 he was appren- 
ticed to a mechanic, and by industry and frugal- 
ity acquired a fortune. In the exped. against 
Canada (in 1711) he was commissary of the Ct. 
forces, and at the capture of Louisburg (in 



WOL 



1001 



^voo 



1745) was maj.-gcn.,nnil second in com. Hu was 
6iiccessivel_v i> member of tlie Assembly and 
Council, judge of the county court, dep.-i:ov., 
cliief judge of the Superior Court, and in 1731- 
' 4 gov. He pul>. " Poetical Meditations," 1725. 
A limg MS. poem, which describes minutely 
the I'ecpiot war, is preserved in the Hist. Soc. 
" Cidls." His son Euastus, b. 21 Sept. 1722, 
d. 14 Sept. 179.3 ; a col. at the siege of Boston 
in 1775, afterwardi a gen., and a judge of the 
Sup. Court. 

Wolf, Gi:OKGE, gov. of Pa. 1829-35, b. 
Allen township. Pa., Aug. 12, 1777; d. Phila. 
March 14, 1S40. He received a classical edu- 
cation, studied law, and became eminent in the 
proles^ion. In 1S14 he was elected a repre- 
sentative; -was M.C. in 1824-9; was app. in 
1836 lirst conipt. of the U. S. trcas. ; and was 
afterwards coll. of the port of Philadelphia. 

Wolfe, J.iMES, a British gen., b. Wester- 
ham, Kent, 2 Jan. 1727 ; killed at Quebec 13 
Sept. 1759. Son of Edward, a lient.-gen. En- 
tering young into the army, he disting. himself 
at Lali'elilt, though then only 20 years of ago. 
Quarterniaster-gcn. of the inglorious exped. 
against Huchelort in 1757, he vainly recom- 
mended an attempt at landing; acquired an 
increase of reputation at the capture of Louis- 
burg; and was placed by Win. Pitt, with the 
rank of maj.-gen., at the head of the force des- 
tined against Quebec. Late in June, 1759, he 
arrived with 8,000 men, in the fleet of Admiral 
Saunders, in the River St. Lawrence. Mont- 
calm, the French com., occupied a strong posi- 
tion, and repulsed Wolfe's first attack with 
great loss, July 31. Though greatly dispirited 
by this failure, Wolie renewed his efforts, and, 
deceiving the enemy by several feints, embarked 
Avith his forces in the night of Sept. 12, 
drifted with the tide, unobserved by the senti- 
nels, to a point beyond the town, and, scaling 
an almost inaccessible mountain, formed in 
order of battle at daybreak of the 13th on the 
Plains of Abraham. Montcalm, accepting the 
inevitable battle, attacked Wolfe; hut after 
a severe conflict, which proved fatal to both 
leaders, victory declared lor the English, and, 
three days later, Quebec surrendered, and Cana- 
da was lost to France. A monument was 
erected to his memory in Westminster Abbey. 

Wood, Ai.PiiONSO, teacher and botanist, 
b. Chc-tcrtield, N.H., Sept. 17, 1810. Damn. 
Coll. 1834. He studied divinity at Andover 
Sem. ; taught at Meriden Acad., Plaintield, 13 
vears; was a civil engr. 3 years; prof, and 

f' rus. Ohio Female Coll. 8 years ; prof, of Terre- 
laute Female Coll., Ind. ; subsequently pres. 
Brooklyn Fcm. Acad. He pub. " Class-Uook 
ofliota'ny," 1845, which has gone through 50 
editions; "First Lessons in Botany," 1843; 
"Leaves and Flowers," 18G3; "American 
Botanist and Florist," 1870. 

Wood, Eleazer 1)., licut.-col. U.S.A., h. 
N. v.; killed Sept. 17, 1814, in a sortie from 
Furt Erie. West Point (licut. engineers), 1806. 
Capt. 1 July, 1812 ; brcv. major for defence of 
Fort Meigs', May 6, 1813; disting. in the bat- 
tle of the Thames ; acting ndj.-gen. to Gen. 
llarrison, Oct. 1813 ; brcv. lieut.-col. for battle 
of Xiagara, July 25, 1814; disting. in Gaines's 
victory in defence of Fort Erie, U.C. Wood 



Co., O., containing the site of Fort Meigs, and 
Fort Wood on Bedloe's Island, were named for 
him ; and Gen. Brown erected a monument to 
his memory at West Point. 

Wood, Fer.vanuo, politician, b. Pbila. 
14 June, 1812, of Quaker parentage. From 
the humble vocation of a cigar-maker he rose 
to be a ship-owner and a successful merchant 
of N.Y. City. M.C. 1841-3, 18G3-5,and 1867- 
73. Mayor of New York 185.3-7 and 1861-2 ; 
and in Jan. 1861 recommended that New York 
should secede, and become a lice city. 

Wood, Geokge, author, b. Newburyport, 
Ms., 1799; d, Saratoga Springs, N.Y.,"Aug. 
24, 1870. Educated by Samuel L. ICnapp, a 
talented lawyer and titlirale.ur. His mother re- 
moved with her family in 181G to Alexandria, 
D.C. A clerk in the war dept. 1819-22, and 
in the treas. dept. in 1822-45; he then took 
up his residence in N.Y., where he wrote his 
"Peter Schlemihl in America." Returning 
to Washington, he resumed his clerical labors, 
and was at the time of his death chief of navi- 
gation, division of the treas. dept. Also au- 
thor of" The .Modern Pilgrims," 2 vols. 1855 ; 
"Marrying Too Late," 1856; "The Gates 
Wide 0|)en," 1869. He was long co-editor of 
the National Era, and contrib. to the Knicker- 
borl.rr Mmiuzliie and other periodicals. 

Wood, George B., M.D., LL.D. (N. J. 
Coll. 1858), prof, of the theory and practice of 
raed. at the U. of Pa. 1830-60, and pres. of 
the Coll. of Physicians of Phila., b. Greenwich, 
N.J., 13 March, 1797. U. (.f Pa. 1815. M.D. 
1818. Prof, of chcra. in Phila. Coll. of Phar- 
macy 1822-31, and of mat. med. 1831-5; prof, 
of liiateria medica U. of Pa. 1835-50. In 
1863 fic endowed an auxiliary faculty of medi- 
cine in the U. of Pa. Pres. Philos. Soc. since 
1859. Author of a Centennial Address, Pa. 
Hospital, June 10, 1851; "Practice of Medi- 
cine," 2 vols. 8vo, 1847; "Therapeutics," 2 
vols. 8vo, 1856; with F. Bache, "Dispensa- 
torv of the U.S.," 8vo, first pub. in 1833; 
" Jlemoir of S. G. Morton," 8vo, 1853 ; " Lec- 
tures aiul Addresses on Medical Subjects," 8vo, 
1859; "Memoirs of Franklin Bache," 8vo, 
1865, ic. ; " History of the U. of Pa.," 1827. 

Wood, (liionifE T., gov. of Texas 1847- 
9; d. on Trinity River, Texas, Sept. 5, 1858. 
App. major of Ga. 3 mos. vols, in the Creek 
war. May 16, 1836; col. 2d Texas Regt. 
mounted vols, in Mexican war, and disting. at 
the storming of Monterey; ami afterwards 
M. C. of Texas. 

Wood, Isaac, M.D. (Queen's Coll. 1816), 
physician aiul philanthropist of N. Y. Citv, 1). 
Cl!nt<m, Duchess Co., N.Y., Ang. 21, 1793; 
d. Norwalk, Ct., March 25. 1868. His father 
in 1803 removed to N.Y. City, and established 
there a bookstore, still conducted by his de- 
scendants. He studied medicine; spent tbeye.irs 
1814-16 in the N. Y. Hospital ; was one of the 
physicians of the N. Y. ])is])en-.uy until 1825; 
resident \,\\\i. of the Bellevuc Hospital in 1826- 
33 ; and was active in fonnding aiul numaging 
many of the medical and other charitable insti- 
tutions of N.Y. City ; member of the Soc. of 
Friends. In 1832-3, during the cholera epi- 
demic, he kept his post, was himself attacked 
by the disease, and was not fully restored to 



"W^OO 



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health for 5 years. lie had a very high rc])- 
atation as an ophthahuie surgeon, and was for 
25 years one of the most active managers of the 
N Y. Inst, for the Blind. 

Wood, Os:\. James, gov. of Va. in 1796- 
9; d. Kielimond, June IG, 1S13. Son of Col. 
Jas. Wood, founder of Winchester, Va. ; was 
a racmlier of the conv. of June, I77C, which 
framed the State Const.; was made a col. in 
the Va. service Nov. 15, 1776; and was lieut.- 
gov., and member of the executive council. A 
county of Va. was named Wood, in commemo- 
ralion of his ])atriotic services. — G'n'^sbi/. 

Wood, Joiis, poliiical writer, b. Scotland; 
d. Kiclimund, Va., Mav, 1S22. He came to 
America ah. ISOO; edited the Wtshrii Woild, 
a pajjcr in Ky., in ISiJG, and in 1S17 the Allanik 
Wuihl at Wa.-liiu;j;ton. In his last years he 
resided at Richmond, and was employed in 
making county maps. He pub. a " History 
of Switzerland and the Swiss Kevol. ; " " His- 
tory of the Administration of J. Adams," 
followed by a statement of its sources, pul). in 
1S02; " K.xpositiun of the Clintoniun Faction," 
1802 ; "A New Theory of the Diurnal Motion 
of the Earth." 1809. 

Wood, JIrs. John (Vining), actress, b. 
Eng. Made lier iWhitl at the New Boston Theatre, 
Sept. 11, 18j4, as Gertrude, in the "Loan of 
a Lovei'." In 1859 manageress of the Ameii- 
can Theatre. San Francisco; in lSGO-6, of the 
N.Y. Ulym|>ic ; and is now (1871) manageress 
of the St. James Theatre, Lond. Her husband, 
a comic actor, d. Vancouver's Island, May 28, 
186-3. 

Wood, Joseph, col. Revol. army ; d. Mar. 
I7S9. Maj. 2d Pa. Eegt., and sent to Canada, 
4 Jan. 177G; lieut.-col. 22 July, 1776; 'col. 7 
Sept. I77G. 

Wood, REHiiEN, gov. Ohio 1850-3, b. 
Rutland Co., Vt., 1792; d. Rockport, 0., 2 
Oct. 1864. Capt. of \'t. Vols, in the war of 
1812- removed to Cleveland, O., in 1817; was 
State senator 1825-8 ; pres. judge 3d dist. IS.'iO- 
3; judge of Sup. Court 1833-45; and U. S. 
consul to Valparaiso 1853-5. 

Wood, SiL.iS, author, and M.C.I 81 9-29, 
b. Sutlolk Co., X. v., 1709 ; d. Huntington, L.I., 
March 2, 1847. N.J. Coll. 1789. Author of 
a " History of Long Island," 1824 ; newediiion 
1S2S; and again, with Biog. Memoir and Ad- 
(liiion> liy Alden J. Spooner, 1SC5. 

Wood, Gen*. Tiio.mas Jeffekson, b. 
Munfordsville, Ky., Sept. 25, 1825. West 
Point, 1845. Entering the topog. engrs., he 
was disting. at the battle of Palo Alto ; was as- 
signed to the 2d Dragoons in Oct. 1846; and 
w;is brev. 1st lieut. for gallantry at Bnena 
A'ista. In 1848-54 he was in active service 
against the Indians on the Texan frontier. 
Mar. 3, 1855. he became capt. 1st Cav. ; major 
16 Mar. 1861 ; lieut.-iol. Mav 9, 1861; col. 2d 
Cav. Nov. 12, 1801; bri-.-gen. vols. Oct. 11, 
1861 ; mai.gen.27 Jan. 1865 ; resigned June 9, 
1869. Feb. 25. 1862, he took com. of the 6th 
di\ision of the Army of the Ohio, with which 
he took part in the battle of Shiloh. He par- 
tici])at^■d ill the battle of Perrysville and the 
pursuit of Bragg's army Oct. -Nov. 1862; was 
woundiil at Stone River 31 Dee. 1862; com. 
divi^ion in 2 1 st corps in Tenn. eami)aiy;n and 



battle of Chickamauga 19-20 Sept. 1863 ; com. 
div. 4th corps at Mission. Ridge (23-25 Nov.), 
relief of Knoxville, and invasion of Ga., and 
engaged in all the operations of the campaign, 
ending in the capture of Atlanta, and .severely 
wounded 'at Lovejoy's Station 2 Sept. 1864; 
com. 4th corps Dec."l804 to Feb. 1865 in Tenn. 
campaign against Hood's forces; in the battles 
of Franklin and N;ishville ; and bre\' brig.- 
gen. and maj.-gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865 lor 
Chickamauga and Nashville. — Ciilluiii. 

Wood, W1LLIA.M, author of the first 
printed account of Massachusetts; resided in 
that Colony from 1629 till his return to Eng., 
Aug. 15, 1633. He pub. in Lond. in 1634 
"New England's Prospect," — a true, lively, 
and experimental description. Lewis, his 
Hist, of Lynn, supposes that he returned to 
Ms., lived "there, w;is representative in 1636, 
and in 1037 removed to Sandwich, where ho 
was town-clerk, and d. there 1639. His book 
was repub. in Boston 1764, and (by the Prince 
Soe.) in 1805. 

"Wood, William B., comedian, b. Mon- 
treal, May 26, 1779; d. Phila. Sept. 24, 1861. 
He was brought up in New York, whither his 
family removed at the close of the lii vol. Fail- 
ing as a Incrchant in 1798, he went on the s!a'_e 
with Wignell's company, and soon lieeame a 
favorite. He in 1809 became a proprietor of 
the New Tlieatrc, but lost every thing by its 
conflagration in 1820. Dee. 2, l'-22, he opened 
the new Chestnut-st. Theatre, Phila., wliich he 
sold in 1826 to Wm. Warren, and Oct. 1, ls2s, 
opened the new ArcU-st. Theatre. Made his 
last appearance Nov. 18, 1846, at the Walnut->t. 
Author of "Personal Recollections of the 
Stage," 8ro, 1854, and of many alterations 
and adaptations of English plays to the Amer. 
stage. His wife, Juliana Westkav, first ;;]>- 
peared at the Ha\anttrket, Boston, in 1797 ; ni. 
Mr. Wood Jan. 30, 1804; d. Phila. Nov. 13, 
1836. 

Wood, William W. W., chief engine- r 
U.S.N., b. Wake Co., N.C., 1818. Educaied 
at tlic North, and accpiired a thorough knowl- 
edge of engineering at the Wvst-Point Foun- 
dry, N.Y. City. Entered the naval service in 
Mar. 1845. Gen. insp. of steam-machinery, and 
had charge during the Rebellion of the con- 
struction of our iron-clad fleet and the ma- 
chinery for the new class of vessels then intro- 
du.-ed. 

Woodbridge, Benjamin- RrccLES, phy- 
sician and col. Revol. armv, b. 16 Oct. 17.'J3; 
d. So. HaclKy, 8 Mar. 1819." Son of Rev. John, 
minister of S.H. 1 742-83. He com. a Ms. rcgt. 
at the siege of Boston and at Ticondcroga 
in 1776. 

Woodbridge, William, statesman and 
jurist, b. N.>rwich, Ct., Aug. 20, 1780; d. De- 
troit, Oct. 20, 1861. Removed with his lather, 
Hon. Dudley, to Mariitia. Ohio, in 1791. 
Educated in Ct. ; studied law in Litchfield, and 
was adm. to the bar in 1806. In 1807 he was 
a member of the Assindjly ; pros. atty. for his 
county 1808-14, and also a member of the State 
senate; app. see. of Mich. Terr. 1814; delegate 
to Congress in 1819 ; judge of the Sup. Court 
of the Terr. 1828-32; riicndier of the State 
Const. Conv. in 1835; State senator in 1837; 



1003 



"U^OO 



gov. of the State in 1S40-I; and U. S. senator 
1841-7. His "Life," by Cliarlos Laniiiau, was 

pub. ise:. 

Woodbridge.WiLLi AM Chan-sing, teach- 
er anil author, b. Mcdtbrd, Ms., Dec. 18, 1794; 
d. Eostoii, Xov. y, 1S45. Y.C. 1811. In 1812- 
14 principal of Buriiufrtou Acad., X. J. ; then 
studied t^col.; and was in 1817-20 a teacher 
in tlic Instiiuiion for the Deaf and Dumb at 
H;irtfbid. Ho pre])ared, in conjunction with 
Mrs. Einnia Wi.lard, a compcndiuni of Geog- 
raphy. Also pub. fi-oni 1S31 to lS-33 the Aiiir. 
Annals or' I'dtcatiun; "Letters iVcui Ilofwyl," 
giving an account ot Felii.nb^rg's system ; and 
several elementar)- works of instruction. 

Woodbury, Alglstcs, b. Beverlv, Ms., 
1S:_5. Cunil>.Thi-oI. S.hool, 1849. Sett] d as 
a Uniraiian p:istor at Concord, N.H., l'?49 ; at 
Lowell, Ms., lo53; and at Providence, R.I., 
1S57. Author of "Plain Words to Yoiiaj^ 
Men," 1S5S; "Canipairn of the First RI. 
Rcgt.," 1861; "Gen. Burnside and the 9th 
Corps," 8vo, 1867; also orations, sermons, ad- 
dressee, papers iu the reviews, &c. — .4//(- 

hoiW. 

Woodbury, Daniel PnisEAs.brcv.maj.- 
t:. n. U.S.A., ;.. Xew London, X.ll., 16 Dec. 
1 312 ; il. Iv y West, Fla., 15 Aug. 1S64. West 
Poiat, IS^G. 1st liont. cnars. 7 July, 1838; 
cr.pt. 3 Mar. l-5»; m:ij. 6 Aug. 1801; licnt.- 
col. 1 June, 1863; brig.-gcn. vols. 19 March, 
1l:62. In 1847 he cstablislied Forts Kearney 
and Laramie on tlie Pl;ute ; was engaged on 
the fonirications of Washington, May, 1861- 
Mar. 1862. He had charge of the engr.' brigade 
before Ri.hmijud and Fredericltsburg, and was 
chief en-.'r. of the dept. of the Gulf, Apr. 1863- 
Aug. 1SG4. Brcv. col. for the Peninsular cam- 
ppjgn; brig.-gen. 13 Dec. 1862 for Fredericks- 
burg, Va. ; and maj.-gen. 15 Aug. '864 for 
S'nices in the Relx'llion. Author ofpapers on 
" Sustaining Walls," 1 ?54 ; and " Theory of 
the Areh." 1858. — Cidium. 

Woodbury, Isaac B., teacher and com- 
pos'.r of music, b. Beverlv, Ms., 1819; d. Co- 
lumlms, S.C, Oct. 26, 1S58. He studied one 
year in Europe und r eminent insiuctors. 
Taught in the pub ic schools of Boston, and 
about 1845 removed to New York. He wrote 
and compil' d a niinib r of mu.-ieal works, 
among them " The Dulcimer," a collection of 
chnivh-mnsic, pub. 1850; "Liber Musicus," 
1851; "The Cythara;" "New Lute of Zion;" 
also oratorios with orchestral accompaniments, 
glec-liooks, juvenile nuisic, " Cultivation of the 
Voice," " Self-Instructor in Musical Compos, 
and Thorongh-Bass," " Singinii-sehool C'oni- 
p.iiiion," " MelodL'on and Serapliine Insrnic- 
tion Book," &c. He commenced the publica- 
tion of the iliisiral Hiview in Jan. 1850. 

Woodbury, Levi, LL.D. (Dartm. Coll. 
1823; Wsl. IJ. 1843), juiist and statesman, 
and a leader of the Democ. partv, b. Frances- 
to>vn, N.ll., Dec. 22, 1789; d." Portsmouth, 
N.IL, Sept. 7, 1851. Dartm. Coll. 1809. He 
Btudii'd law; was adm.to the bar in 1812; and 
pracii>cd at Francestown till 1816, when he 
was chosen clerk of the State senate. In Dee. 
1816 he was app. a judge of the Superior Court; 
ond in 1819 m., and nmoved to Portsmouth. 
Gov. of the State iu 1823; speaker of the honsa 



in 1825; U.S. senator 1825-31 ; sec. of the nn 
TV, Mav, lS3l-Julv, 1834, and of the treasurv, 
July, r834-Mareh4, 1841. During this period 
he refused the post of chiif justice of the N.H. 
Superior Court. Again returned to the U.S. sen- 
ate iu 1841, he voted against the increase of the 
navy, and in 1844 in favor of aimesing Texas. 
In Sept. 1845 Mr. Polk app. him a justice of 
the U.S. Sup. Court. The mission to Eng., 
previously tendered him by Mr. Polk, he de- 
clined, lie pull, a vol. of Law Re|)orts in con- 
nection with Judge Richardson of N.H. ; a 
coll. of his "Political, Judicial, and Literary 
Writings," app. in 1852, 3 vols. 8vo, Boston. 
His son Charles Levi, mmber Suffolk bar, 
and a prominent Mason (i). Portsm. 22 Mav, 
1820, U.S. dist. atty. for ils. 1858-61), edited, 
with George Minot, Reports 1st U.S. Circuit, 
3 vols. Svo, 1847-52. 

Woodford, Gen. Willi am.* Revol. offi- 
cer, b. Caroline Co., Va., 1735 ; d. X.Y. City, 
Nov. 13, 1780. He early disting. himself in 
the French and Indian war. U|K>n tlie assem- 
bling of the Va. troops at Williamsburg, in 
1775, he was app. col. of the 2d Regt. ; com. 
at the battle of Great Bridge, Dec. 9, 1775, and 
gained a signal victory. He was afterwards 
com. of the 1st Va. brigade ; was wounded at 
Biaudywine ; and at the siege of Charleston 
was made prisoner, and taken to New York. 
His son John T. Woodford was a lieut.-eol. 
in the war of 1812. 

Woodhouse, James, M.D. (U. of Pa. 
17;t2), ebeiuist, b. Phila. Nov. 17, 1770; il. 
there June 4, 1809. U. of Pa. 1787. In 1791 
he served as a surgeon in St. Clair's army. 
Piof. of chemisti y in the U. of Pa. from 1 705 t? 
his death. He pub " Observations on the Com- 
bination of Aeids, Bitters, and Astringents,'' 
1 7U3 ; " The Yuutig Chemist's Pocket-Com- 
lianion," 17'.>7 ; Parkinson's " Chemieal Poek- 
ct-Book," with tile objections to the anti])hlogis- 
tic tlieoty of chemistry. 1802; " Exiierimcnts 
and (tbsenatiunson the Vegetation of Plants,'' 
1802 : and eoniribs. to sci. journals of the dav. 
— Thnrh,,: 

Woodhouse, Samuel, capt. U.S.N.. b. 
Pa. ; d. Chester Co., Pa., IG .July, 1843. Jlid- 
shipmau under Truxton in the action with the 
French ship "La Vengeance," 1 Feb. 1800; 
lietit. 4 Mav, 1808; com. 27 Apr. 1816; capt. 
3 Mar. 1827. 

Woodhuil, Gen. Nathasiel, a Revol. 
patriot, b. Mastic, Suttijlk Co., L. I., Dec. 30, 
1722; d. Grave-send, L. I., Sept. 20, 1776. He 
served iu the French war of 1755-63, and rose 
to be col. 3d N.Y. Regt. under Amherst. In 
1 769-76 he was a rep. in the N.Y. legisl., where 
he, with Schuyler, George Clinton, and other 
patriots, steadily resisted the encroaeliments of 
the crown upon the rights and lilnrties of the 
province. In 177G he waspres. of tlieX.Y.Prov. 
Cotigress, but, on the landing of the British on 
L. I., put himself at the head of the militia, and, 
a few days after the disastro.is battle of Long 
Island, was surprised by a party of light-liorsa 
near Jamaica : after surrendering his sword, 
he was cruelly hacked and cut, and died in con- 
sc<iuence of his wounds. A narrative of hi.s 
capture and death was pub. by H. Onderdoiik, 
jun., Svo, 1848. His Journal of the Montreal 



"WOO 



1004 



■v^oo 



Expcd., 1760, is pub. in tlic Iliit. Mag., Sept. 
18G1. 

Woodruff, IIiUAM, celeb, trainer and 
"Iriver of trotting-liorses, b. Flemingtou, N. J., 
2> Feb. 1817; d. L. I., 13 Mar. 1867. He be- 
gan liis prof, career at I'hila. in 1831, and had 
a unique reputation for honesty and fair-deal- 
ing' as a trainer, and remarkable skill both 
in driving and training horses. He was uni- 
versally popular. Author of " The Trotting 
Horse of America," edited by C. J. Foster, 
8vo, 1869. 

Woods, Alva, D.D. (B. U. 1828), b. 
Sliorebam. \'t. H. U. 1817. Ord. 28 Oct. 
1821. Prof, of math, and nat. philos. in Brown 
U. 1824-8, and also in Transylv. U. 1828-31, 
o( which ho was also prcs. ; and was prcs. of 
the U. of Ala. from 1831 until his resign. Dec. 
1837. Nepliew of Leonard Woods, D.D., and 
son of Revf Abel, a Baptist minister (1790- 
1850). He resides in Providence, R. I. " Au- 
thor of " Intel!, and Moral Culture ; " " Inaug. 
Discourse, Lexington U.," 1828; "Introd. 
Lecture before the Ala. Institute," 1834; 
"Baccal. Address, U. of Ala.," 1835; " Vale- 
diet. Address," 6 Dec. 1837. — ^/Mone. 

Woods, Andrew Sai.tek, LL.D., jurist, 
b. Bath, X.H., 2 June, 1803 ; d. there 20 June, 
1863. D.C. 1825. He began the pnuitice of 
law in 1828; was made justice in 1840; and 
chief justice N.H. Sup. Court in 1855. 

Woods, CnAi!LES R., brev. maj.-gen. 
U.S.A., b. Licking Co., O., ab. 1830. West 
Point, 1852. Entering the 1st Inf., he was 
early in 1861 quarterm. on Gen. Patterson's 
staff; app. col. 76th Ohio 13 Oct. 1861 ;. was 
at the capture of Fort Donelson, Feb. 15, 1862 ; 
Pittsburg Landing, Apr. 7 ; com. a brigade, 
and joined the Array of the South-west, July 
24; for gallantry at Ark. Post, May 15, w.as 
recom. for promotion ; was in all the battles 
around Vicksburg; became brig. -gen. 4 Aug. 
1863, and com. 1st brig., 1st div., 15th corps, 
which he led at Lookout Mountain and Mis- 
sion. Ridge, Nov. 25 ; at Rcsaca, Dallas, Kene- 
saw, Atlanta, and Jonesborough ; and in the 
campaign of Ga. and the Carolinas com. a div. 
in Ostcrhaus's (15th) corps. Brev. lieut.-col. 4 
July, 1863, for capture of Vicksburg; col. 24 
Nov. 1863 for Chattanooga ; brig, and maj. 
gen. U.S.A. 13 Mar. 1865 for Atlanta, Ga., 
and BentonviUe, N.C. Lieut.-col. 28 July, 
1866; assigned to 5 th Inf. 24 Mar. 1869.— 
CuUiwi. 

Woods, Leonard, D.D. (D.C. 1810), 
theologi.tn, b. Princeton, Ms., 19 June, 1774; 
d. Andover, 24 Aug. 1854. H. U. 1796. Ord. 
pastor of a Cong, church in W. Newbury 5 
Dec. 1798. A series of able papers, contrib. by 
him to the Panoplist in 1805, vindicating Calvin- 
ism, estab. his reputation as a controversialist. 
Prof, of theology in Andover Thcol. Scm. 
1808—46. The cuntem])urary of Buckminstcr, 
Channing, and Ware, he was the able antago- 
nist of the Unitarian theology, and the cham- 
pion of orthodox (;alvinism. Dr. Woods was 
one of the originators of the Amcr. Board of 
For. Missions, the Tract Society, and the 
Temperance Soci:'ty. Author of " Letters to 
Unitarians," 1820," "Reply to Dr. Warp," 
1821; " Lectures on Inspiration," 1829; " Let- 



ters to Rev. N. W. Taylor," 1830; "Lectures 
on Inf. Baptism," 1829; "Memoirs of .\mer. 
Mis.sionaries," 1833 ; " Doctrine of I'erfcction," 
1841; "Reply to Malum," 1841 ; "Lectures 
on Church Govt.," 1843 ; on " Swedcnborgian- 
ism,"1346; "Hist, of Andover Sem ," &c. 
His collected works were pub. in 5 vols. 1849- 
.50. 

Woods, Leonard, Jun., D.D. (Il.ir. 
1846), LL.D. (Bowd. 1866), pres. of Bowiloin 
Coll. 1S39-66. Son of the i)reeeding ; b. New. 
bury, Ms., 24 Nov. 1807. Union Coll. 1827. 
Ord. 1833; tutor at And. Theol. Sem. 1831; 
prof, sacred lit. Bangor Theol. Sem. 1836-9. 
Transl. Knapp's "Theology," 2 vols. 8vo, 1833. 
Author of " Address on the Life and Char, of 
Parker Cleavcland," 1859 ; on " The Oiiening 
of the New Hall of the Med. Selio(d," 1862. 
He edited the early vols, of the Lil. and Theol. 
liev., N.Y., 1834-7; contributed to tJiUical 
Jii'imxitori;, &c. ; and delivered an exiellent 
address on Daniel Webster lu'fi)re the city 
authorities of Portland. In July, 1867, ho 
visited Euroiie to complete the documentary 
hist'iry of Mnine. 

Wbodville, Richard Caton, r/enre paint- 
er, b. Baltimore ab. 1825; d. London, Eng., 
Sept. 13, 1855. St. Mary's Coll. His talent 
was first evinced by his " Interior of a Bar- 
Room." From Dusseldorf he sent in 1847 
" The Card-Players," in 1848 " A Man hold- 
ing a Book," and in 1850 "The Game of 
Chess " and " The Politieians." He was in 
Paris in 1851-3. Among the other fruits of 
his brief but brilliant career are " Waiting 
for the Stage," and " The Sailor's Wedding." 
— Tnrkeniiftu. 

Woodward, Asiibel, M.D. (Bowd. Coll. 
18211), h. Wellington, Ct., June 26, 1804. Pres. 
of the Ct. Med. Soe. Besides niunorous eun- 
tribs. to the N. E. Uist. Geneal. liiyister and to 
medical journals, he has pub. " Vin<lication of 
Gen. Putnam," 1841; " Review of UncleToni's 
Cabin," 18.53; "Hist, of the Ct. Med. Soe," 
an addresii, 1859; "Medical Elides," 1860; 
" E.irlv Phvsicians of Norwich," 1859 ; " Lile 
of Gcii. N. "Lyon," 1862 ; " Memoir of Col. T. 
Knowlton," 1861; "Specialism in Medicine," 
1866 ; " Hist. Address at the 200ih Anniv. of 
the Town of Franklin, Ct., 14 Oct. 1868." 

Woodward, Samuel Bavard, M. D., 
physician, b. Torriii,i;ford, Ct.. June 10, I7S7; 
d. "Northampton, JIs., Jan. 3, 1850. His fa- 
ther Dr. Sa.mdel W., a phvsieian of emirieuee, 
b. Watertown, Ct., 17.50, d. Jan. 6, 18,35. In 
1 809 Samuel B. began practice at Wi^thersfield ; 
became jdiysieian to the State-prison, and was 
some years in the State senate. IIi^ was one 
of the founders of the " Retreat for the Insane," 
at Hartford ; and from 1832, until his removal 
to Northam|)ton in 1846, was supt. of the 
State Lunatic Hospital at Worcester. He was 
the projector of an asylum for inebriates, and 
also of the Ms. School for Idiotic Youth. Ho 
pub. " Hints to the Young," and an cs.say 
on the " Fruits of New En^'land." 

Woodworth, John, jurist, b. Sdiodack, 
N.Y., 12 Nov. 1768; d. Albany 1 Juiu-, 1858. 
Y.C. 1788. He studied law with Jcdin Lan- 
sing, jun., at Albany ; adm. to the bar in 1791; 
began practice in Troy; and in 1806 removed 



"WOO 



1005 



woo 



to Albany. Siirro^Mte of Uens. Co. 1793- 
1804; mi'm'H'i- of the Assembly 1S03, of tbo 
senate 1804-7; uttv.-i,rcn. of X. Y. 1804-8; 
jml-e NY. Sup. Court 18I9-2S. Ambor of 
•• Uemiiiiscciiecs of Troy 1790-1807." Witb 
W. W. Van Ness, app. to revise the laws of 
X. Y. 1811-1!. — .•?;;«('« Council of /ici-ision. 
New York. 

Woodvvorth, Samuel, poet, b. Scituate, 
.Ms., ,l.iu. 1.!, 1785; il New York, Dec. 9, 1842. 
Y^onnuest son of a farmer and Revol. solJier. 
He luiil few eiliieational ailvanta<;es, and was 
appreniieed to lienjaniin lliissell of ilie Centi- 
net, Boiton. In 1807 lie reniovcil to New Ha- 
ven, wbere he commenccii a weekly paper, tbe 
Belles-L-tlics Repo^ilon/, diseontinned after the 
second month. He removed to New Y'ork in 
1309; m. i'l 1810; and dnrinf; the war of 1812 
conducted a weekly paper ( The War) and a 
monthly Sn-ccK'nhorf;ian mag. {The fhUci/on 
Liimiiinij uiul Theol. Repositorij), both unsiic- 
ces-ilully ; ill 1816 he wrote a history of the 
late wai-, in the style of a romance, entitled 
" The Champions of Freedom." A small vol. 
of his poems was pul). in N.Y. in 1818, and 
another in 1826. Was one of the founders of 
the N. Y. .UiiTor in 182.3, in conjunction with 
Geoi-fje P. Morris; withdrew from it in 1824; 
and in 1827 edited the Parthenon, He was a 
frequent contril). of verses to the newsjiapers; 
wrote some popular songs on the victories of the 
war of 1812-14, and some dramatic pieces, 
mostly operatic, — one of which, " The Forest 
Rose," still keeps possession of the stage. 
" The Old Oaken Bucket " is by fir the best 
of his numerous lyrics. His collected poems 
were pub., with a Memoir by Geo. 1'. Morris, 
in ISGl, 2 vols. ISmo. — Daijckinck. 

Wool, Gbn. Jons Er.Li9,' h. Newburg, N.Y., 
178i ; d. Troy, X.Y., Nov. 10, 1809. Son of 
a Revol. .Soulier. He received little education, 
but lielore he was 21 became proprietor of a 
bookstore in Troy. Losing his ])roperty by 
fire, he .-tudicd law, but, through the friendship 
of Gov. l)e Wilt Clinton, was app. capt. 13th 
liif. Apr. 14, 1812. He raised a company in 
Troy; was disting. and severely wounded at 
Qncenstown Heights, Oct. 13 ; was promoted 
to majvr 2'Jih Inf., and was brcv. lieut.-col. for 
gallantry at the battles of Plattsbnrg, Sept. 6- 
U, 18U"; insp.-gen. Sept. 29, 1816; lieut.-col. 
Fell. 10, 1818; brcv. hri.g.-gen. Apr. 29, 1826; 
brig.-gcn. June 25, 1841. In 1832 the govt, 
sent lii:n to Europe to examine the military 
systems of some of the principal nations, and 
he witnessed tbe siege of Antwerp ; in 1836 he. 
was employed in removing the Cherokee In- 
dians to Arkansas. May 30, 1846, he was sent 
to the West to organize vols, far the Mexican 
war, and in less than 6 weeks despatched to the 
seat of war 12,030 fully armed and equipped. 
Collecting 3,000 mcnj he reached Saltillo, 
after a march of 900 miles, without loss, pre- 
serving the most admirable discipline. He 
selected the ground for the battle of Buena 
Vista (Fib. 23, 1847), made the preliminary 
dispositions, and com. in the early jmrt of the 
action until the arrival of Gen. Taylor. For 
his conilnct on this occasion, Wool was brev. 
maj.-gen. May, 1848. In Jan. 1854 he received 
the thanks ot Congress, and the present of a 



sword, for his services in Mexico. A valuable 
sword was also presented him by the N. Y. 
legisl. ; in 18.">6 be put an end lo the Iiidiar. 
disturbances in Washington and Oregon Terri- 
tories ill a campaign of 3 months, and was 
recalled to the dejit. of the l-'.ast. Soon after 
the attack on Fort Sumter, he went to N.Y., 
and, by timely re-euforeements, saved Fortress 
Monroe from seizure by the Confederates. In 
Aug. he was sent to that post as com. of the 
dept. of Va., and led the expcd. which occu- 
pied Norfolk, Mav 10, 1862. Made maj.-i;eii. 
May 16, 1862. Pbv ed at the head of the Stli 
anuy corps, Sept. 16, 1S62. Gen Wool was 
a rigid disciplinarian, and had no superior as 
an organizer of troops. 

Woolman, Jons, Quaker preacher and 
author, h. Noithainpton, West Jersey, Aug. 
17:iil; d. Yoik, Fug., Oct. 7, 1772. 'Cbarles 
Jjanib, In one of the Essays of Elia, says, " Get 
the writings of John Woolman by heart, and 
love the early Quakers." These writings in- 
clude "The Journal of his Life and Travels 
in the Service of the Gospel ; " " Some Con- 
siderations on the Keeping of Negroes" (1753) ; 
" Considerations on Pure Wisiloin and Human 
Policv. on Labor, on Schools, and on the 
Ki-bt Use of the Lonl's Outward Gifts" ( 1 7GS) ; 
and " Considerations on the True Ilannoiiy 
of Mankind " (1770). He worked on a farm 
till his 21st year, when he became clerk to a 
shopkeeper at Mount Holly. He at various 
times opened a school for ))oor children at .Mt. 
Ilolly, and was dieting, for purity and benevo- 
lence. He afterward became a tailor ; and, 
feeling " a concern to visit Friends in some of 
the back settlements of Va.," he started on a 
tour with Isaac Andrews, March 12, 1740, and 
was so well pleased with his journey, that he 
afterward adopted itinerancy as a regular |)ur- 
suit. lie spoke and wrote frequently on the 
subject of slavery, desiring its cxiineiion in 
all parts of the country. In June, 1703, he 
paid a visit to the Indians on the east branch 
of tlir Sii-ipichanna; in 1772, nfler a long and 
ilrliiiliaiiii,; sickiicss, he wcMt to Kiiglaml, 
will rr, |iri lions to his death, ho attended a few 
iniiijTigs ul his sect. His Journal was npnb. 
by John (i. Whittier in 1871. 

Woolsey, Mici.ascthon B., commodore 
U.S.N., b. .N'cw York, Aug. 11, 1817. .Mid- 
shipin. Dee. 24, 1832; lieut. July 16, 1847; 
com. July 16, 1862; capt. July 25, 18GG ; com- 
mo. 1871. While eomg. steamer "Ellen" of 
the S. Atl.antic squad., ho took part in the en- 
gagement at the WapperCreck battery. May 
30, 1S02 ; at Seccs.sionville Creek, June 1, 1SH2 ; 
and co-operated with the army in the attempt 
to carry James-Island batteries by assault, .Iiine 
3. EuL'aged in steamer " Princess Roval " 
of W. Gnlf squad. (June •i<<, 1863) in defence 
of Doiialdsonvillo and Ft. Butler against 3,000 
Confcds. under Green and Taylor, who were 
repulsed with a loss of 1,500. — t/dinmsli/. 

Woolsey. MiSLANCTiloy Taylor, capt. 
U.S.N. , b. N.Y. 1782; d. Utiea, Mav 18, 18.38. 
Son of Gen. M. Llovd Wool-ey, a Ilcvol. olfl- 
cer, who died Trenton, N.Y., 29 .Tune, 1819. 
After studying law, young Woolsey, April 9 
1800, entered the navv as a midsliipm. ; .served 
in the W. Indies and ilediterraucan; was mad« 



lOOG 



"won 



lioiit. Feb. 4, 1807; in IS08 he wiis sent to 
the [jiiUes t't siipci'Miteiul the constnietion of the 
anniuneiils on tliose iiihiiul seas. Uiiriii;^ 
the war of 1812, lie served with credit uixhir 
(Jlmiiiieey. July 24, 1813, he was nuide mast, 
com. ; eapt. 27 Apr. 181C. In 182,'>-(; lie ecjiii. 
thr (Vl/ate " Constellation," attached to tlie W. 
India s.piadron; in 182fi-7 had eliarKe of tlic 
rciisaeoia navy-yard; and pertoriiied hi.s last 
servic 1 the coast of Brazil. 

Woolsoy, rjii;iii)ouij DwiGUT, D.D. 
(II. U. IM17), l,L.l). (Wesl. U. 184,'j), scholar, 
pres. of Y.C. 184(1-71, h. N. Y. City :i\ Oct. 
I8U1. Y.C. 1820; tutor there 182;i-r). I'lvs. 
Dwiyjht was his inatcrnal uncle. lie stiiilied at 
the I'rineeton Theol. Hem. ; was licensed to 
preach; afterwards spent .'1 years in Kurupc, 
siuilyiiij; the Greek lan;.;ua^c and litcratun^ in 
Germany, and was prof, of that liranch at Yale 
in 18.'il-51 ; vice-pres. of the Oriental Soc, and 
a rej;ont of the Smiths. Inst. lie lias puh. edi- 
tions of the " I'roiiKthcus " of yKschylus, the 
" Anti;,'ono " and " Klectra " of Sophocles, the 
" Alcestes " of Euripides, and the " Gorgiiis " 
of Plato. Author of inauguration discourse 
in 184C on '■ College Education ; " an hist, dis- 
cour.se at Yale, 1850; commemorative of 
I'resident D.iy, Nov. 1807 ; Iiurod. to the 
Study of Iiitcruational Law, I860; and essay 
on "Divorce and Divorce Legislation," 12mo, 
180!). A fre(|iieut contiib. to the Nnu-ZCm/- 
liiiiil r and other |)criodieals. 

Wooster, (/:;v. David, Revol. officer, b. 
Slr.in;.rd, C't., 2 Mar. 1710; d. Danhnry, Ct., 
2 May, 1777. Y.C. 1738. lie was made capt. 
of an armed vessel to protect the coast in 1 7.'ty ; 
in the exped. against Louislinrg in 1745 he 
com. the sloop-of-war " Connecticut," which 
conveyed the troops; was sent in com. of the 
cartel ship to Europe, hut was not permitted to 
land in France. lu England ho was u favorite, 
was ))rescntcd at court, and was made a eapt. 
ill IVpperrell's rcgt., rccci\ing half-|)av until 
1774. App. col. 3d Ct. Rcgt. in 1755; became 
u brig.-gen., and was in service in 1758-00. 
ile was one of the originators of the cxped. 
which captured Ticonderoga in Api;.'1775, and 
a meiiihcr of the Ct. Assembly ; was made brig.- 
geu. in the (^out. army 22 June, 177.% and 
served in Canada, holding, for a time, the chief 
com. alter the death of Montgomery. Ilcsign- 
ing soon after, he was made maj.-gcn. of the 
State militia, and, while opposing a force of the 
enemy nmlcr Trycm sent to destroy the public 
stores at Danhiiry, was mortally wounded 27 
Apr. 1777, and died a few days later. In 1740 
he m. the dau. of Pres. Thomas (!!lanp of Yale 
College. His grandson, an adin. in tlie Chilian 
navy, formerly of N. Y. Cily, and extensively 
engaged in privateering in the war of 1812-15, 
il. Monlerey, ('iil., in ihe antinnii of 1848. 

Worcester, Josi-.imi Emi:i(son, LL.D. 

(H.ll. 1847; D.C. 1S5C,), lexicographer, b. 
licdford, N.II., Aug. 24, 1784; d. Cambridge, 
M^., (Id 27, 1805. Y.C, 1811. His grcat- 
i;r.indfallier Hev. Francis w 'nt to Ilollis. N.H., 
in 1750; ])iib. in I5ost(m i.i 1700 a scries of 
ineditalions in verse; d. 1783, a. 85. Joseph's 
early education was in Mollis, at I'liillijis Acad., 
andAudover.' While teaching school at S;i!eni, 
he wrote his " Geographical Diction iry, or Uni- 



versal Gazetcer," 2 vols., Andover, 1817. W» 
" (iazetccr of the U.S." appeared in 1818. 
Uemovingto Cambridge, lie pub. in 1811) "Ele- 
ments ol (ieography ; " " Epiloine of (^eogra- 
nhv,"1820; "Sketches of the lOarlh and its 
InUbitmits," 2 vols. 1823; " Elemciit> of His- 
torv," 18.')2; " Epitome of History," 1827 ; and 
"()ullines of Scripture (;eogiapliy," 182(i-9. 
He pub. an c<litioii of Todd's "Johnson and 
Walker" in 1827, and prepared an abridgment 
of Webster's " American Dictimiary " in 1828. 
His " I'ronoiincing and I'.xplaiiiiicny Diction- 
ary " appeared in 18::0. l''ioiii Nov 1830 to 
Sent. 1831 he was in Eumpe, engaged in 
plulologieal studies. His " Universal iind Crit- 
ical Dictionary of the Engli^h Language," 
pub. in 1840, was afierward reprirucil in Lon- 
don without his consent. In 1H55 he pub. a 
" I'lonouneing and Synonymous Difiionary ; " 
and in 180(1 lie pub. his great " Dictionary of 
the English Language," 4io, IJosion. Dr. 
W. also pub. a "Spelling-nook id the English 
Language; "" lleiiiarks on Longevity," &e. ; 
and was literary editor of the AiiuiKan Alma- 
nac in 1831-43. He was a fellow of the A' ad. 
of Sciences ; a eorresp. member of the Royal 
(icog. Society, Loud. ; and a member of other 
learned bodies. 

Worcester, Noam, D.D. (II. U. 1818), 
clergyman, loiinder of the .\Is. Pence Society, 
b. Ilollis, N.H., 25 Nov. 17.'>8; d. Ili-igliton, 
Ms., .'11 (Jet. 1837. Descended from William, 
first minister of Salisbury, Ms. lie had a 
comnion-.school education. Served3 I'aiiipaigns 
in the Hcvol. army, being a lifer at Blinker's 
Hill, and a soldier at lienningtnn ; alterwanl 
tiinght school at Plynioulh, N.U.; removed to 
Thornton, N.II., and was a member of the 
legisl. Having in 1785 inib. a " Letter to Rev. 
John Murray" on his sermon on the Origin 
of Evil, he turned his aiteiition to theology, 
and was ord. pastor at Thornton in 1787, 
making up the delieiency of his salary ($200) 
by fanning and slioeinaking. In 18()2 he was 
emplovcd by the N.II. Missionnrv Soc. In 
Feb. 1810 he removed to Salisbury, N.II. ; in 
1813 to Brighton, .Ms. Edited the Chngiian 
Disrijilc in 181.3-19, and llie Fiieml of I'cace 
1819-29. He pub. in 1815 "A Solemn Re- 
view of the Custom of War;" tbunded the 
Peace Society in Jan. 1816, and was app. sec. 
The Ilopkiiisian Assoc, of wliicli he was a 
member, formally condemned his book, " Bible 
News ; " and in Nov. 1810 be ])ub. his address 
on the Ti'inity. He also [Mib. " Friend of 
Youth," &e., 1823; "The Atoning Sacriliec," 
1829; "Causes and Evils of Contenlion 
among Chrisiians," 1831; "Last Tlunighis 
on Important Subjects," 18.33; besides many 
painphlets, sermons, and treatises. — S"c Me- 
moirs b,i II. ir.//v, /lo,., 1844; and Trihule bi/ 
ll'm. A'. C/iaiillin,/.' /)./), 1»37. 

Worcester, Samuki., D.D., (lergvinnn, 
bro. of Noali, b. Ilollis, N.II., Nov. I.'l770; 
d. Brainerd, 'I'enn , June 7, 1821. Darim. 
Coll. 1795. Pastor of the church in Fitch- 
burg, Ms., I7'.I7-1802. and of lln^ Tabernaclo 
Church, Salem, from 1803 till his d. ; eorresp. 
SIC. (d' ihe Board of Foreign .Missions in 1810. 
II' pub. 3 orations ; scrinmis on Fntiire Pun- 
iliiiKUi ll.'iuu); 3 letteis to Dr. CliAiin:; on 



■WOH, 



1001 



wrii 



lliiitdriiinism, 1815 ; Wults's ontiro Rtul select 
livniiH, ISIS; mill (Krnsiomil scnnurH, report, 

rt'Vii'W-f, ('"iSIlVS, v*Vl*'. A Vf)l,nf' his Sl'IMllOIH l\\i' 

lu'nrc'l ill ISi-'). Hit son Samuel Mui.wc- 
Tilov, I).!). (Ainli. lS17),li. Kitchliiii-j;, Sept 
4, ISdl, .1. H.iston. All'.'. Hi, 18GG. II U. 
1 x-22. Sciinc vc'urt pnil'. iil' rlinioric iiml oiatorv 
in Anili. C.ili.', nml tluni piKtor of the Talicr- 
imile Chiiri-h. SmIi'im. Hi' pnli. " rjil'cnnil Fyii- 
hiirs of Ucv. Siiniiu!l Worcester," 2 vols. 
lijno, 1852; " Ussnys on Shivery by Vi;;or- 
nins,"182C; "Memorial of the Tahcinuclc, 
Sileni" 1.155. 

\Voi'den,-ri)nN Lorimish, commo. U.S.N., 
I). Mi. I'lea-imt, Wcsteliester Co., N.Y., Mar. 
1-2, 1817. Miilshipni. Jan. 12, 18;15 ; liont. Nov. 
30, 184(i; com. .Inly 12, 18G2; c:ipt. Fob. 3, 
18113; com. May 27, 1808. Sent with de- 
spatches to Fort I'ickens in Ai)r. I^Gl, lie wiW 
arrested while returning, and Kc'pt in jirison 7 
montlis. lie coin, the iron-clad "Monitor" 
in li r famous cnsa;^c;nent with the iron-clad 
" .Merrimack," in Ilainpton Uoads, Mar. 9, 18G2. 
The latter, partially di aMed, retreated to Sew- 
cll's Point. Capt. W.'s eyes were sever ly 
injiireii hy the explosion of a nhell from " The 
Meniinnek," njion the cyo-hole of the pilot- 
house. In com. of the iron-clad " Montaiik," 
of the S.A.I), squad, he cn^'a'^ed Fort Mac- 
Alli.<ter, Jan. 27, 1*03, and Feh. 1, 18i)3; at- 
taekc^d and destrovd the privateer " Niuhville," 
under th..' ^nns oi' that fort, Feh. 28, 1803 ; and 
was in the attack of Charleston, under Diiiiont, 
Apr. 7, 18G3. .Superint. U. S. Naval Acad, 
since 1 I).T. 1800. — l/iiincr.ili/. 

Wormoley, M.vnv Kuzxnr.rn (nowMr.s. 
Ti.i ri.Miiic), iiov.lis', b. London, 20 July, H22 ; 
h IS re-id d iniuv yeira in New|iort, K.I. Her 
liilher, Renr-Ad^iiiral Ralph Uandolph W. (h. 
Va. 29 Oct. 1785, d. Utiea, N.Y., 20 June, 
1852), was ^Taiidson, on the mother's .side, of 
Aity.-(ien. John IJandolpli, a loyalist. Oct. 3, 
1820, h" in. Caroline Prelile of Boston. Miss 
W. pul.. "Forest Hill," 3 vols. Lond., 134!l; 
"Annah.J, a Family Iliitory," N.Y., 1.K53; 
"Our Cousin Veronica," N.Y., 185^i; and has 
contrili. to ma'r:izincs. She was suhseqiKntly 
ni. to Randolph Latimer of Baltimore. ll'T 
sister KATllcni.NE I'iibscott (b. M Jan. 18.30) 
was dnriiiK the civil war one of tli'.' most en- 
thusiastic siipporter.i of the .Sanitary Commis- 
sion. In 1SC2-3 she was siipt. of the woiniii's 
d«pt. of the Lowell (Jen'Til llospit;il at I'ort.i- 
nnuth (inivc, Rhode l.?!aiid. — J'rclilr b'ltmilif. 

Worth, JovATiI.lN, gov. of N.C. I8G5-M; 
d. Rilei/h, N.C, Sept. .5, 1809, a. al». 72. 
Member of the N.C. le^dsl. in 1^29-34, and in 
1831, durin'.' the nullitieation cxcitem"nt, de- 
nonnced it in th'Btron','e.t terms. He opposed 
the 8 ces lion movement vi^^orously, and, during 
tile war, was a strong' Unionist. 

Worth, (ii'.N. Wii,i,iA.« Ji;nkix8, b. Hud- 
son, N.Y., 1 Mar. 1794 ; (I. San Antonio, Tex., 
7 Miv, 1M49. With a plain education, he be- 
gan life a trader's clerk in Hudson. Anp. 
19 .Miy, 1813, lieut. 21d U. S. Inf., ho highly 
disiin;;. hi;iiKelf at Cliipp"W i and at Niagara 
(25 July, 1814), where lie wa4 sev 'P ly wound- 
ed; was com. of cailets at West I'oint 1820-8; 
inej. ordnance corps 30 May, 1812; col. 8th 
I II I. 7 Jkily, 1838; served in tho war against 



the Seminole Indians 1 S40-2 ; com. the army 
in Fla. May, H41, to Air,'- 1812, mil enga-.'d 
ill altack of Ha'l'ck 'riisteiiu',';;''e's b mil at 
I'iliiklikaha, 19 Apr. 1812; brev. bri r.-gen. 
U.S.A. 1 Mar. 1842 for galliintry and high- 
ly di.'.tiiig. servie's in Fla. war; coin. brig:de 
1840-7, and ilivisim 1 <47-8, in the wirwiih 
Mexico, and en,' i..ced in the ciiitiirii of M mte- 
rev nii.l Vera Cruz, bailies of Cerro (ionlo, 
Cliiiriibuseo, M.ilinod I Key, Cliapullepee, an I 
assault and capture of city of Mexieo, 13-14 
Sept. 1847 ; and, 23 S 'pt. 1S4G, br.v. iiiaj.-ge'i. 
for Monicny, and preieutod witli a sw^ird of 
honor by Congress, also by the States of X.Y. 
and La., and by his native i^oiiiuv, Cnliimliia. 
A (ino iiiouumont has been erec'e 1 to h;,< inoiu- 
ory by the city of N.Y. at the juiieiijii of 
Broadway anil Fifoli Avenue. Br ive, chiv.al- 
roiis, an 1 a good taclieiin, his luaiiiers worj 
lioiinhir, and his pres'iiee imiiortiii';-. 

Worthineton, Kuastus, lawyer mil poli- 
tician, b. Heleiierlown, U^., Oct." 8, 1779 ; d. 
Dedhain, June 27, 1812; Wnu. Coll. 1801. 
He practised l.iw at Deilham in 1 809 -JS, an 1 
was a m'mbrof the Cen.Courl 1814-15. II; 
l)ub. an Oraliim at I) ■dham, July 4, 130); 
"History of Delham 10.35-1827," 8vo, 1827. 

Worthington, Tiio.mas, gov. of 0!iio 

1814-18, 1). near Ch.u-lesion, Va., July Hi, 
1773; (I. N. Y. City 20 June, 1127. lie re- 
ceived a good education, but was a comiiiiou 
sailor in 1790-3; removed to the N.W. Terr, i.i 
1798; was a member from Ro<» Coiiiily of tlu 
Terr, legisl. in 1799-1801, of tile Coiut. Coiiv. 
of 1802; was U. S. senator in 1803-7 an 1 
1810-14, and canal coinmiss. 1822-7. — .1. /'. 
(j mi f inn II, 

Wragg, Wii.MAM, a talented and eloriuent 
lawyer of S.C., b. 1714; d. Sept. 1777. Of 
Huguenot descent. Kdncated in Fug.; many 
years a member of the S.C. As.i 'inbly, and in 
1753 of tho council. In 1709 he declined the 
ollieo of cliief justice. His sense of duty pre- 
vented his esiiousing the caiLse of inilep'm lence. 
Kmliarking lor ICng., he was slii[)wreek"d and 
lo.it on tho cO'ist of Ilollind: iii^ inl'aut S'ln 
was saved. A monument in We.Htniinst'r Ali- 
bey dejiiet:) thi.) event. He piib. " lleii.son.s lor 
not concnrring in the Non Importation lleso- 
lulion," 17G9! 

Wrangel, Von (Ion vriing'-gel), FiiUDi- 
NAND I'liTiioviTolt, b.aron, a Kii si.m adiiiiral 
and navi;ilor of Swedish cxtrie ion, b. F.s- 
tlionia, 1795. App. in lH20eom.of an (;xplorin.j 
expcd. to the Arclic Sea, he travelled on th' i -.j 
in sledges as far north (ls 72° 2'. In 1 821 he b-- 
cauiegov. of the Russian Poss'ssions ii Aui 'ri 
ca, and in 1847 vice-admiral ; in 1849 h ■ reli.'d 
fioii service, and has hince been director of '.lie 
trading CO. in the Russian Po'Se-.ions. A'.i- 
thorof"J.»urney from Sitka to St. IVi 'ribiir -," 
1830 ; " Staiistieal and Kthnograpbii'a! Noiie 's 
on the Russian Po.ssessions in Aiu'iici," 1839; 
and "Journey on the North 'rn Coaits of .Si- 
berii and th'^ ley Sea," 1841. 

WriEht, Ki.izun, author mid journalist, b. 
Soiiih C'maan, Ct., F.b. 12, noi. Y.C. 1820. 
Kliziir hit falher il. Talmid'.'c, O., 1845, a. 
83. He lived on a fi-ni ill Ohio in 1810-22, and, 
after leaviii'g college, fiiiight in the Lawrenco 
Acad., (Jroton, two years. In 1829-33 he was 



WJttI 



1008 



prof, of mathematics and nat. philos. in W. 
lies. Coll., Hudson, O. In 18.33 he liecamc 
sec. of the Aiiier. Anti.slavcry Society in N.Y., 
e<litin<j /fumnn /Ir/lits ls.')4-.5, and the Qmr- 
tcrhi Anlis'iii-ini Mir)., unlil hi,s removal to 
Boston in IS.38; in Apr. 1839 he beeamo edi- 
tor of the ,Us. Ahu'itioMst. In 184G he estab- 
lished the Clironotijpe newspaper, and was for 
some time editor of the Cominontufulth, into 
which it was merged in 18.50. Ins. commiss. 
of Mi. 1858-66. Ho has pul). a translation in 
verse of La. Fontaine's " F.iblcs," 2 vols. 8vo, 
Li)n:l. IH43; 1 vol. 8vo, Boston, 1846; "A 
Curiosity of Law," &c., 1866. Anti.slavcry 
pamphlets, articlos in Atlnnlic Moitth'i/, &c. 

Wri'jllt, Frances (D'Arusmont), reform- 
er, l).Duiid':e, Scotland, Sept. 6, 1795; d. Cin- 
cinnati, Djc. U, 1S52. The intimacy of her 
father with AHm Smith, Dr. CuUcn, and oth- 
er eminent literary and sci^'ntifie men of his 
day, was jjroljably the cause of her becoming a 
propa;jandiit of social and political novelties. 
At the a^c of IS she wrot^ "A Few Days in 
Athens," in which she defended the o;)inioiis 
and charaiter of Epicurus. In 1818-21 she 
visited America, and pub. "Views on Socie- 
ty and Mann jrs in Am rica." She afterwards 
visited Parii on the invitation of Lafayette. 
AfrcT h»r return to America in 1825, she pur- 
chased 2,000 acres of land in Tenn. (snbse- 
qu ■nlly the site of Memphis), and peopled it 
with a number of slave families whom she had 
redi'i-m 'd, but who were subsefjurntly removed 
to llayti. In ls,3.3-6 she b-ctured p'uljliciy on 
slavery and other social topi s, with threat suc- 
cess, in all the principal cities of the Union, in- 
curring, however, the hostility of the press and 
the cler;;y by the freedom with wliich she spoke 
of matt- rs both of Church and State. She then 
ji^iufd Kob rt Owen at New Harmony, editing 
the diizll'-, and lecturing in behalf of the en- 
terprise, but with small success. About 18.3S, 
while on anotlicr visit to France, she m. M. 
D'Arusmont, from whom she soon s parated, 
subscquen'ly residing in America with an only 
dau., the fruit of h-jr marria:,'0. She was an 
eccentric and daring woman, and full of be- 
nevolent enthusiasm. Her other publications 
were " Altorf," a tragedy, 1819 ; " L'-cturra on 
Free In'piiry, Ueligiim, Morals, Ojiinions," &c., 
1836. Her "biography was pub. by .John Wiudt, 
1341 ; ami by Amos (iilbert, 8vo, Cin. 1855. 

Wri';ht, Gen-. George, b. Vt. 1803; 
drowne l.'iO.Iulv, 1865, in the wrei.k of steamer 
" Brother .lon.athan." West Point (lieut. 3d 
Inf.), 1H22. Adj. Jan. 1331-6; capt.. 30 Oct. 
1336; brev. iiiaj. lor meritorious conduct in the 
Florida w.ir itarch 15, 1842; brev. li-ut.-col. 
for gallantry at Contr ras a;id Churubu.sco 20 
Aug. l'*47 ; com. the stonniug-party and brev. 
col. for gallantry at Molino d.d My 8 Sept. 
1847, in wliich he was wounded; mai. 4th Inf. 
■Tan 1, 1.148; col. 9th Inf. Mar. .3, l.'<55; grwitly 
disling. in campjigns against the Indians of 
Wash. Ten-. Mar.'l85G and Sei)t. 1853; brig.- 
gen. of vols. Sept. 23, 1 "^Gl ; and com. the dcpt. 
of the Pacilic, Oct. 1861 to July, 18G1, and the 
district of California 1864-5. 

Wright, Henry C, lecturer on antislavery, 
socialism, and sijiritualisra, b. 29 Aug. 1797; 
d Pawtueket, R.I., Aug. 16, 1870. Author 



of " Marriage and Parentage," 12rao, 1855; 
" Mankilling bv Nations and Individuals 
Wrong," ls41 ;""A Kiss for a Blow," 1843; 
" Detcnsive War a IXnial of Clirisiianity," 
1846; "Human Life Illustrated," 1849; "An- 
thropology, or the Science of Man," 1850; 
" The Living Present and the Dead Past," 
1865. 

Wright, IIoBATio Gates, brev, maj.-gen. 
U.S.A., b. Ct. about 1320. West Point, 1841. 
Ap]!. 2d lieut. of cngns. ; assist, prof, of cng. at 
West Point, Jan. I842-.Julv, 1844; 1st lieut. 
23 Feb. 1848; capt. 1 July, 'l855; raaj. 6 Aug. 
18G1 ; lieut.-col. 23 Nov. 1365 ; brig.-gen. vols. 
14 Sept. 1161; maj.-gen. 18 .Tuly, 1862. Chief 
engineer of Ileintzclui.m's div. at Bull Run, 21 
July, 1S61; com. 2d l)ri;;ade in the Port-Royal 
exp'jd. ; com. the cxped. (27 Feb. 1362) that 
captured Fcmandina, Fla. ; com. a division 
in the attack on Succssionvillc, S.C., 16 June, 
1 862 ; assigned to com. the dcpt. of the Ohio 
18 July, 1362; com. a divi,ion, Army of tii3 
Potom:vc, in passage of the lla])pahannock and 
at Gettysburg; com. 6th corps at Rapp dian- 
nock Station 7 Nov. 1863, and brev. lieut.- 
col. ; com. 6th corps in Richmond campaign, 
and wounded at Spottsylvania, and brev. col. 
12 May, 1364 ; engaged in defence of the cajii- 
tal in rluly, and in the Shenandoah campai.;n 
Aug.-Di-c. 1864, and wounded at Cedar Creek ; 
ami finally at the siige of Petersburg, and 
operations ending in Lw's surrender. Brev. 
brig.-gen. and maj.-gen. 13 March, 1855, for 
Cold Harbor and capture of Petersburg. — 
Culhim. 

Wright, Sib .T.vmes, last royal gov. of 
Ga., b. Charleston, S.C; d. Eng. 17?6. His 
father Robert was chief justice of S.C. at his 
decease. The son practised law in Charl; ston, 
and was aftenvard agent of the Province of 
S.C. in Great Britain, and atty.-gen. May 13, 
17G0, he was app. chief justice and lieut.-gov.; 
in 1764 he received the appointment of gov. ; 
and Dec. 8, 1772, was created a baronet. liis 
long administration was distiiig. i.y wisdom 
and prudence; and the Colony flourished, lie 
was however, avaricious, and ilevoted to the 
wishes of the king. At the commencement of 
the Revol. a contest w.as kept up by him .and 
the popuLar leaders until Jan. 1776, when he 
was imprisoned, but soon aficnvards escaped. 
He returned in July, 1779, and resumed the 
govt. ; but the royal authority noon cc.'.scd, Wie 
large estates acquired by him in Ga. wtro con- 
fiscated, and Sir .lam 'S retireil to Englaiiil. 
His son .Iames succeeded to the' baronetcy, and 
d. in 1816. He served with the G.v. Royalists 
nt the siege of Savannah. 

Wright, John C, jurist, b. 1783 ; d. Wash- 
ington,l).C., Feb. 13,"l861, while ailrlegale to 
the Peace Convention. He settled early at Steu- 
benvill,!, O. ; soon attained eminence at the bar ; 
w.as many years on the supreme bench; M.C. 
1823-9 ; and was long C(IiU)r and owner of the 
C'inrinnati Gazttlr, His reported decisions are 
in high repute in the West. He pub. Sup. 
Court Reports, Ohio, 1831^, 8vo, 1835.— 

Wright, JosEi'it, portrait-painter, b. Bor- 
dentown, N. J., 1756; d. Phila 1793of y( llow- 
fever. Patience Wright, his mo. her, jpicellcd 



•WRI 



1009 



■w~5n:i 



in modollir.^ wax miniaturv-hcads. The fami- 
Iv went to iCii\r. in 1772. Hiiv the vonn'j ar- 
ti t |>:iintod the Prince of Wal s ; allorwarJ 
ir.'.rsu.d hi< studios in I'aris under tlie cai\- of 
l)r. i'rauklin; and o.i his r.-turn nnrrowly 
I'scapoj with his hll' fitjni shipwreck. la flic 
autumn of I7S3 lie p-.intod a thr.'i>-qn>rt r- 
lcn;;th portr.iit of Wa^'aiajrton ; afterwards 
punted another for tlie Count do Solms; and, 
s;ill later, a rainiaturo-prolilc from life. Anp. 
liy Washington fir^t drauL,'hts;nan and die- 
sinker in the U.S. mint. The first coins and 
medals of the U.S. were his handiwork. — 
I'tjrt. niHtn. 

Wright, Joseph A., statesman, b. P,i. 17 
Ai>ril, ISIO; d. Berlia, I'TUS-i i, May II, 1SC7. 
I lis cil'icaiional advauta jes wero limited. Early 
i.i life hj settled iu lud. ; caiuo to the Iwr in 
1-S2D ; soon rose in tlio profession ; in UsW be- 
came a mcml)or of the t>tiito logi.-l.; State sen- 
ator in 1S40; M.C. 1S43-5; ^v. of Indiana 
m9-57 ; minister to Prussia! 857-61 ; U.S. 
senator in lSJl-2; U.S. co;ir.niss. to the llain- 
bun; Exhibition in 1S6.'5; and a second time 
minister to Prussia, from 186."> until his death. 

Wright, X.vTHASiEL H., poet, 1>. Concord, 
Ms., 17.>7; d. Boston. May 13, 1821. Edu- 
cated as a iirinter in Boston, where he edited 
the lull. /(/...<■■<.;>■. Pub. " Fall of Palmyra," a 
pOi'in; and "Boston," or a touch at the times, 
a small pamphlet. 

Wright, UoBERT, gov. of Md. in 1S05-9, 
b. Kent Co., Md.; d. Sept. 7, 1S26. U.S. sen- 
ator 1801-6; at one time a mcmbor of the 
exec, council ; and was M.C. in 1810-17 and 
1821-."). 

Wright, RoBEKT E., counscllor-at-law, b. 
All.iiiowu, Pa., 1810. Author of " Law of 
Aldermen and Justices," 1839 ; " Law of Con- 
stables," 1840; "Pa. Digest, 1836-41," 8vo, 
1842; Pa. Sup. Ct. Rejiorts, 1800-5, 8vo, 14 
vols. ; essays on Constitutional Kelbrm, an 
Elective Judiciary, Rcfonn in our Postal Po- 
liti.al System, &c. — Allihoite. 

Wright, Silas, siaicsman, b. Amherst, 
Ms.. Mts 24, 1795; d. Cauton,X. Y., Ail);. 27, 
1817. .Mill. Coll. 1815. Adui. to llie bar in 
1819, he established himself as an attorney at 
Canton. In 1820 he was ap;>. surrii;.'nte of the 
county. Ill 1823 he became a inciiilicr of the 
Siato senate, and an opponent of DeWitt Clin- 
ton ; M.C. in 1827-9, voted for the ))rotcctivo 
tariff of 1828, and fur an inquiry into iho ex- 
pediency of abolisliinfj slavciv in the Hist, of 
Col. ; comptroller ol N.Y. 1829-.13; U.S. .scn- 
niorl83.'l— »4, .supported Mr. Clny's compromise 
bill in 1833, defended I'rcs. Jackson's removal 
of the deposits, opposed the rceliartcr of the 
U.S. Banic, voted aijainst receiving a petition 
lor al)oli;.liiii;.' slavery in the Dist. of Col., 
voted for the tariff of 1842 and for the an- 
nexation of Texas. Ho refused to bo made a 
jasiico of the U.S. Sup. Court, and in 1844 
declined the nomination to the vice-presidency. 
In 1844 ho was chosen pov. of N.\ . ; in 1845 
he declined llic olliee of sec. of the treasury. 
On leaving the gov.'s chair, Mr. Wright re- 
turned to his little farm of 30 acres at Canton, 
whose cultivation with his own hands had id- 
wnys liccn a favorite pursuit. He was a man 
of clear and powerful mind, and lliorou(,'lily 



informed npon public aff.iirs. — Ste his Lift 
and l'iiii,.i fty Jiilt: />. lltimmond, 8>o, 1848." 

Wright, \Vii.i.i.vM, senator, b. Clarkstown, 
N.Y., 1794: d. Newark, N.J., Nov. 1, 1866. 
The death of his fuller. Dr. William Wri-ht, 
compelled him to abandon iho desi:;ii of a col- 
lege education ; and he learned the trade of 
barncss-niakiiisr, in which he eventually made a 
lai^'c fortune, liavini; in 1821 established liiin- 
self iu Newark. He was a volunteer for the 
defence of Stoiiiii;;ton, Ct., in the war of 1812; 
was mayw of Newark in 1840-.') ; was a warm 
political friend of Henry Clay; .\I.C. in 1843- 
7 ; clian;;ed his politics in 1851 ; was a Demoe. 
U.S. senator in 18.53-9, and re-elected in 1863; 
and was chairman of the committee on maiiu- 
facliiivs. 

Wyatt, Sill Fiuscis, pov. of Va. 1621- 
6 and 1639-41 ; d. IJexIcy. Kent, Ens., IC-**- 
Son of Geoi;;e. who d. iu Ireland 1625. Dar- 
in:; his ndministraiion, the Indians bc,!;an (.2 
Mar. 1622) 10 execute a plot to exterininato 
the Knplish, which was lollowed by a san;;ni- 
nary war ; and tlie lirsi conns were estab- 
lished in the Colonv. 

Wylie, AxDKKW, D.n. (Un. Coll. 1825), 
educator, b. \V:isliini;tou Co., Pa., Apr. 12, 
1789; (1. nioomin-ton, Ind., Nov. II, IS5I. 
■Iclf. Coll. 1810. Ill 1812 ho was licensed as a 
I'rcsb. pi-eacher; was pres. of Jeff. Coll. in 
1812-16. In 1817 ho became pics, of Wash- 
iiij;ion Coll., taking char-e at tlio saiuo liiuo 
of a conj;. 7 miles distant ; and liom 1828 to his 
death was pres. of the coll. at 15lo<Miiin;;ton ; ia 
Dec. l'*4l he took orders in the Kpis. Church. 
He pub, " Kiifflish Grammar," 1822; "Sec- 
tarianism is Heresv," 1840; " ICnloj;y on La- 
faveitc," 1834 ; aiii^ addresses and .sermons. 

Wylie, Samukl Bitows, D.D. (Dick. 
Coll. 1817), 51 years |iaslor of the First Kef 
Cluiivh, Pliila. ;■ d. there 14 Oct. 1852 ; b. near 
Ballymena, Ireland, 21 .May, 1773. U. of 
Glas^. 1797. Came to I'liilu. in 1797; prof, in 
Theol. Scm. of K. P. Church 1809-51; prof, 
of ancient lanj;uas;cs in the U. of I'a. 1828-45, 
and un ominont Oriental and classical scholnr; 
vice-provost of the U. Pa. 1838-45. Author 
of " Tlio Faithful Wiiness." 1804 ; Covenant- 
inj;. 1803; "Greek Grammar," 1838 ; "Life 
of Kcv. Alexamler McLeod, D.D.," 8vo, 1855. 
Co-editor Pn'stii/U'rlnii Ma;/, 1821-2 ; contrib. to 
periodicals. 

Wylie, TiiKoi.oiiE w. J., D.D. (U. of 

N.Y. 1859), sonof S.ll., b. Pliilii. 1818. U.of 
I'a. 1836. Assoc, pastor 1st IJel. Presb. Cliuiili 
184.3-52, and pasior since llint dale; prof. 
Theol. Scm. IJef. Pr. Church 1847-51, 1854-7, 
1859-69. Author of English, Latin, mid Greek 
Voeab., 1839; "The God of Our Fathers," 
1854 ; " Washintjton a Christian," 1862. ICdl- 
tor./iir. MissioiKiri/ Inlrllii]., 1835-7 ; M issloiiiiii/ 
Ailrocale, 1838-41 ; litinmr of tlie Coiviiaiil, 
1845-55. —^l/WwHC 

Wyllys, Gi:oii(in, of Fcnnv Compton, 
Co. Warwick, came to llarlfonl lii 16.38; was 
an assist, in 1639; dep.-t;ov. 1641; i;ov. 1642; 
d. 9 Mar. 1645. His son Samukl (Ii. 1632; 
<l. 30 May, 1709; II. U. 1653) was an assist. 
1654-84. Ili:/.KUIAII, son of Samuel, see. of 
the Colony of Ct. 17I2-.34. il 21 Dec. 1711. 
Ueoiiui:, son of He/., (b. 6 Oct. 171(i; d. 24 



"W^'L 



1010 



YAX. 



A|ir I79fi; Y.C. 1729), succeeded hU father 

..->.,■ ( 1 7.) 1-9:-) I . 

Wyilya, Gi;s. Samuel, Revol. pnrriot. li. 
W.u- U>M, J.iii 15, 17!'J ; d. iluTe June 9, IS.'.'). 
V.C 17.')8. Son of Sec. Georj,'e. In 1775 ho 
w:is lieiit.-ci)l. of Spencer's re";!. ; was col. of a 
rc;;t. at llie >ie(je of Boston ; app. col. in tlie 
(Iiint. line in Jan. 177G, 8ervin<; with repute 
tlirou;;llout the war. lie iiflcrward bcciiHie 
ni!ij.-;,'en. of militia; member of the Ct. Acad, 
of Arts and Scietces; unil succeeded his father 
unci firandfiitlier as sec. of St.ite, which post 
he resi^'ncd in 1809. The 3 held this office 98 
years in succession. 

V/yman, Jeffimes, M.D., anatomist, b. 
Clu-lin~lord, Ms., Aug. 11, 1814. II. U. ISS.l ; 
Ilarv. iMcd. Coll. 1837. During; n two-years' 
visit to Europe, he studied medicine in the hos- 
jiiials of Paris, and nut. history in the Jnrdiii 
lis IVanles. In 184.'!-7 he filled the chair of 
aiiaioniy in Uamp. Sid. Coll., Va. ; mid has 
s nee been Ilersey prof, of anatomy in II. U., and 
prof, of comp. anatomy in the Lawrence Scient. 
SlIiodI. lie has pub. " T>ielvo Lectures on 
Comparative Physiolof;y," delivered licfore the 
Lowell lust., Boston, 1849; also various ariicles 
in i\v! Jour, of Science, " Smithsonian ('oiitrihs. 
to Knowledge." Boston Jour. ofNal. Ilisl.,n»H 
the ■' Proceedings of the Boston Soc. of Nat. 
Mist.," of which association ho has been pros, 
since 1856. 

Wynne, .Tames, M 1). (U. of N.Y. IS.-JS), 
LL.l)., b. Uaca, N.Y., 1314. A lineal de- 
scendant of Sir .John of Gwydyr. He prac- 
tiitd medicine at Baltimore, and afterward in 
N.V. Author of "Memoir of Mijor Samuel 
Ringgold," ItU" ; " Lives of Lmiiifiit Liiirary 
aiid'Scient. Men of America," 1850; " Vital 
St.ili-lics of the U.S.," 1857; " Importance of 
the Study of Lc;;al Xlcdicine," 1 85!) ; " Private 
Libraries of New York ; " " Iteport on the 
Asi.itic Cholera in the U.S.," 1849, prep, for 
the liriiish ;rovt., which in 1853 rewarded him 
with a yold medal ; reports, med. pajwrs, &c. — 
Ml,ho:,e. 

Wynne, John Huddlestonb, author, b. 
S. Wales 174.3; d. St. Thomas's Hospital, 
Lond., Oct. 1788. Author of a '• General His- 
tory of the British Empire i'l America," a vols. 
8vo, 1770; " History of Ireland," 177.3; "Fa- 
bles of Plowers," &c. 

Wynn, Gkn. Riciiakd, b. Vb. ; d. Tenn. 
soon after 1813. Entering the service early, he 
was in 1775 lieut. of S. C. l{an;^ers; served in 
tlie battle on Sullivan's Island ; was in com. 
of I'"ort Mcintosh, Ga. ; was subseciuently jiro- 
moted to col., and com. the militia of Eairfield 
diit., S. 0. ; was with Sumter at IIan;.'in;^ 
Hock, where he was wounded ; was active dur- 
in;; the remainder of the war ; and at its close 
was app. a bri'j., and lin illv a maj.-gen. of 
militia. M.C. 1793-7 and 16()2-13. 

Wynn, Gen. Thomas, Itevol. officer, b. 

II irtlbrd Co., N.C. ; d. there 3 .lune, 1825. A 
iilaiiter by occupation. lie served many years 

III ;hc State legisl., was a member of the exec, 
eouiicil, gen. of militia, and M.C. lPO.3-7. 

Wythe, Geoiige, statesman and jurist, and 
a signer ot the Dccl. of Indcp., b. ElizalKth 
City, Ya., 1726; d. Riehmomi, June 8, 180G. 
Wm. aid Mary Coll. Educated chiefly under 



the snporvision of his mother, — a woman of 
uncommon knowledge, anil strcngib of mind. 
The death of both p.irents before lie was al, 
and the iincontrolleil possession of a large for- 
tune, led him lor some time into a career of ex- 
travagance and dissi|)ation. At the age of 30, 
however, his conduct underwent, an entire 
change : he gave his assiduous attention to the 
study of law; wius adm. to the bar in 1757, 
where his learning, industry, and eloipicnce 
made him eminent. As early si:- 1758. and for 
several years previous to the Revol., he was a 
prominent memlKr of the house <il' burgesscrt as 
the representative of Wm and Mary Coll., 
ofwhichhewas ]irof. of law in 1779-39. In 
1704 he drew up a strong remonstrance to the 
house of commons against the Stamp Act, tlie 
tone of which was greatly inodilied by the A..-- 
scnibly. In Aug. 1775. fie was a| p. a deleg. to 
Con;;rcss, of wliieh he was an inlliiential mem- 
ber until 1777. Ill Nov. 1776 he was a|.p.. wi.h 
Jelferson (who had been his pupil in the law) 
and others, to revise the laws of Va.. in which 
they made important changes. In 1777 he 
was cliosen speaker of the house of delegates, 
and was a|ip. judge of the High Court of 
Chancery of the State. On the re-o.gani/.a;i<m 
of the Court of Eipiity, he was ap]i. sole chan- 
cellor, wliicli station ho (ilkd more than 20 
years. In 1 788 he was a member of the Va. 
Conv. which ralilied llie KedernI Constitution, 
— during the debates, generally acting as chair- 
man, — and was n strenuous advocate of the in- 
strument adopted, ilis death was occasioned 
bypi>i-(in; hut the periOu suspected was ac- 
([uilled by a jury. In the latter part of his life 
he emaneip.iied his slaves, and furnislud thcin 
means of sublicence. Author o!' " Uecisious 
by the High Cimrt of Chaiieery." &c., 1795; 
second cd., willi iMcmoir by 1!. li. Minor, 8vo, 
1852 LL.l). (Wm. and Maiy Coll. 1790). _ 
XercS (ha'ri^s), I'"ltAN(.'OiS I)i;, histori' 
of the eciiii|iiest of Peru, and one of the ' 
querois, b. Seville. , His Hiitory, p:ib. by 
of Pizarro (w|iose Bccrctary he wa-), i' 
Salamanca, 1547, was written in Ca* 
and. though partial, is full of intere- 

Ximenes de Quesada (/e 

ku-iii-eii), Ci.NZAi.o, a Spauili 

captain, b Gr.inada ab 1495 ■ 

com. a jiarty which ab. 1 532 I 

the ivgioii since called N .d 

foiiiiihd, in 1038, Santa F'' 

?ale, Cvnts, minis tford 

1 SI 4-54 (except ing ill ic was 

.settled at Ware), b. Li >•, 1780; 

d. 21 May, 1854 Wm ' He was 

zealous in the cause of p cmjii ranee. 

He laib. a " Memoir of lli iloek," 1P21; 

" Sketches of Ministers iclif. Counly,' 

18.' 2 ; and some sermons. 

Yalo, Ei.iim, jirineipal enrfactor of Yale 
Coll., b. New Haven, Aiir. 5. IcMS; d Lond. 
.Inly 22, 1721. Ilis falher Thoinis came to 
N. llaven with the first coliuiisis in 1038, lint 
returni'd with his family in 105;*. At the ago 
of 10 he went lo I'ng , where he was educated ; 
and nb. 1078 removed to the E. Indies, where 
ho resided 20 years, and acquired a very large 
estate. He first introduced auctions into Eng 
ab. 1700, on goods brought home by him from 



Y-v>r 



1011 



YOR 



Kort G«orj;c in the E. Iiulics, of wliioli |ilaoe 
lie liinl Ikvii gov- in 16S7-y2. lie in. ii native 
111' ilio 10. luilies, liv whom he had ihroc iltiuyli- 
teis. The close of his lile he piissetl in Kn;;., 
w liere he was made jr*>v. of the K. 1. Ooni|>an_v, 
ami a follow of the Uoval Swiety. His dona- 
tions to Yale Coll. nnionntiHl to about £400 
steilin'.'. — dill. A'i-7 , iv. -'45. 

Yancey, Willi.vm Lowxdks, jiclitieian 
1.. O-iwhee Shoiils, Ga., Aug. 10, 1814; d. 
near .Montj;x>meiv, Ala., Jnlv 28, ISOa. Ue 
went to Ala. while yonng ; studied law ; was 
adiii. to the bar at .\lont';;%)niery, near which 
city lie afierwai'd rvsiilcd. Edited the CiiIihiiIhi 
/'. mwidfand \\ ilmniiLii Aiyas; servetl in Ixjtli 
branches of the State legisl. ; and was M.C. in 
1S44-". Kcsuniins practice in Ala., he was ii 
member of the Nat. Uemoc. Conv. at Haiti- 
more in May, 1848, « zealous opiwncnt of the 
compromise inciisuivs of IS.'iO, and was one of 
the leaders of the extreme party in the South. 
In a letter written in June, 18.")8, and pub. in 
186ii, he advised the org.ini/.ation of conimit- 
tws of salety in all the cotton States to "lire 
the Southern heart." and ultimately to ]iiv- 
cipitaie the cotton States into revol. Member 
of tlio Dcnioe. Conv. at Charleston Apr. 23, 
18ii0, and withdrew with other Soutlicrn ex- 
tremists. Ill the seceding convention he aided 
in the nomination of Mr. Bixvkenriilge, and 
adiocated his election lieforc the people. In 
the Ala. Conv., which met at Moiitgxmicry, 
ilaii. 7, ISlil, lie ix'ported the ordinance of .-icces- 
sion, which was passed Jan 14 ; Feb. 27 ho 
was made a commiss. to the govts, of Euroiio 
to obtain the ivcoguition of the Confed. States, 
and left Now York in March. Ketiirniiig in 
Feb. 18C2, he was a member of the Confed. 
Congress iiiilil his death. 

Yates, J<isi;i>ii C, judge of tlio Supreme 
Co.nt ot NY. 18118-22, gov. of NY. I8J.1-5, 
b. Seheneeladv, N.Y., 9 Nov. 1768; d. there 
March 19, 18^)7. Son of Col. Christopher. 
Si lulled and practised law at S. ; a founder of 
Union Coll. 179.'); mayor of S. 17U8-1808; 
State sdiator l80l)-7. 

Yates, UicitARt), lawyer, and a prominent 
Kepiib. politician, b.Warsiiw, Ky., Jail. 18, 1818. 
lie leinovcd to Illinois; grad. at III. Coll., and 
iiractijcd law. Often a member of the Slate 
legisl. ; M.C. lasi-.l; gov. of 111. 1861-5; 
netivo in raising vols, in defence of the Unimi ; 
U. S. senator 1805-71 ; delegate to the I'hila. 
Lovnlists' Coiivention of 1866. 

"Sfates, HonivUT, jurist and statesman, b. 
Schenectady, N.Y , Jan. 27, 17.38; .1. Albany, 
Sept. 9, 1801. lie received a classical educa- 
tion in N.Y. Cily ; studied law; anil in 1760 
was adm to )iiaetice at Albany, where he at- 
tained eminence in the pnitessioii. During ilie 
early stages ol ilie licvol., several well-uTillen 
essays established his ivpiiintiou as a writer in 
defeiieo of th.- ii;:lils and iilnTlies of his coun- 
try. A prominent member ol the com. of 
safety ; chairmiin of the com. of milit. opera- 
tions' 1776-7; meniber of the I'lov. CoiiL-ress 
of New Y'oik, and of the <<mv. that fnimeil the 
Stale ctnistitution in 1777; judge of the Sii- 
pienic Court 1777-90; chief justice 1790-8, 
and eminent foi iiis moderation and inipartiiil- 
ity ; niembcrof ho conv. that formed the Con- 



stitution of the U.S., which he opposed; and to 
his la'iors we are iiidelucil for ilie pivservation 
of its debates, pub. bv his widow, l2iuo, IS,3'.I. 
A member also of the Stale Conveiin..n wlii> li 
adopted the Consiiiution. Soon alter this 
period, ho was commissioiied to treat with the 
States of Ms. and Ct. on tlio subject of terri- 
lorv, and to settle the claims of N.Y". against 
the" Slate ot Vt. 

Yendou, UioiiAnit, lawyer and iournalist, 
b. Charlesimi. S.C. 23 Uct."lS02 ; d. ihere 2-> 
Apr. 1870. S.C. Coll. Adm. to the bar, but 
became interested in politics, and wrote for the 
I'tJilical (•'aull'-. He was many years ed. and 
prop, of the Ch<iilesloii Courier. Several years 
a meniber of the State legisl., and lilled various 
niililic ortiees. lie aeeiiuiulaied wea.ih Iroiii 
Ills law praeliee and from his paper, much of 
which he useil in charity. 

Yeacaans, Sm John, gov. of S.C. in 
1671-1, li. Bristol, England ; d. Harbadoes. Ho 
emig. to Uarbadoes ; and in 1665 was one of 
the settlers of Clareiuloii Co.. S.C, an.l tirst 
introduced slaves into I'aroliiia, previous lo 
which the lalH>rers were Europeans. He at 
first ruled with prudence and moderation, hut 
became violent, unjust, ami lyrannieal, and was 
reiiioved Ironi olliee. 

Yeardley, Siu OiiouoK, g^iv. of Va. 

1616. u;i',l-21, and 1625 ; d. 1627. In 1619 the 
lir-it Cell. Assembly met in Va.; and.ilnring his 
administration, many important iiiiproveinenis 
were made, and the jiower, population, iiiid 
respeetaMlity of the I'ulouy iniieli iiuiea.ed. 
He was at one time a ineinlier of the ctuiiieil. 

YeateS, J.isrK.Il. judge of the Sup. Court 
of I'a. Iioiii 1791 to his d., Lancaster, I'a., Mar. 
14. 1817. Member ol the Eaiieasier Co com. 
of corresp. in 1774, an.l of the conv. wliiili raii- 
lied the U. S Constitution in 1788. He pub, 
" Ueports of Cases in the Sup. Court ol I'a. 
1791-1808," riiila., 4 vols. 8vo, 1817-19. 

Yell, Coi.. Antiiiu.M.n, b. Ky. 1797; killed 
in haiile of Buena Vista, Feb. 23, 1847. .lu.ige 
of Ark. Terr.; M. C. from Ark. 1837-9 and 
1845-7; gov. 1840-4; eol. Ark. volunteer 
cav. July, 1840. 

YoO, Sill J.\,MES LocAS, who com. the 
Biilish tieet on the Lakes in the war of 1812, 
b, Southampton, l';ng.,1782; d. 1818. lOnter- 
ing the navy at an early age, he earned liis 
promotion to ciun. by a gallant exploit, storm- 
111'.' the fort of El Miiros, and capturing and 
bringing off every vessel in the port. His cap- 
ture of Cayenne, for wliiidi he was made post- 
cajit,, and his services lui the Ainericiin Lakes, 
gained him high eoiisideiation. — Morijan. 

Yoakum, Cm,, Hknuhicson K,, b. Clai- 
l.iune Co., ■leiiii,. 1810; d. Houston, Texas, 
Nov. 29, 1856. West I'.iiiil, 1832. He entered 
the 3d Art., but resigned .31 Mar. 18,l.) ; wa»» 
lawyer in Teiin. in 18.1.5-45, and in Texas in 
1845-6 ; and was a member ol the Siateseiintu 
ill 1839. He servid as 1st. lieiit. Hay's Texan 
Uancers in Mexican war, .Line, 184(i; lawyer 
at lliint-ville, Tex. 1846-56. Author of '"'A 
llisioiv of Texas, 16S5-IS45," 2 voIh, 8vo, 
1855. ■ CoiitrilMiled also to periodieals. 

Yorke, Col. Joiiv, a Briii.li olllcer nerv- 
ing in the Ainer. Hevol. war, b. May, 1745 ; d 
1825. Maj. 33d Rejjt. 8 Aug. 1770 ; li -iii.hoI. 



sTOU 



1012 



1779; col. 19 Mar. 1783. Distin^'. in Coru- 
wallis's campai|;;ns ; M.P. for Ri.-a jinj; ; Jop.- 
liout. of the Tower from ilar. 1794 to his 
deaih. 

Youmans, Edward Livingstox, author 
anJ Icciurur, b. Albany Co., N.Y., 1821. M.D. 
U. of Vt. ; prof, of clK'iui.try Aiuioeh Coll. 
since 1866. In his early youth he w.is some 
years deijrived of eyesight, hat eventually lie- 
oanie a proficient in chemistry. lie pub. 
" Chemical Chart of Colored Dia;:^rams," 
1S51 ; "Class-Book of Chemistry," 1852; 
"Athis of Chemistry," 1854; "Alcohol aud 
the Constitution of Man," 1855; "Handbook 
of Household Science," 1857; "Correlation 
and Conservation of Forces," 1 8U4 ; " Ub.ser- 
vations on the Scient. Study of Human Na- 
ture," 18G6; "The Culture demanded by 
Modern Life," 1S67. Edilor of Herbert Spen- 
cer's works. Contrib. to .-cient. periodicals. 

Young, Ale.wsder, U.U. (U.U. 1846), 
Unitarian clergyman and historian, b. Boston, 
Sept. 22, 1800; d. there Mar. 16, 1854. 11. U. 
1820. The son of a printer. Jan. 19, ls25, 
he was Settled pastor of the Sixth (Xew Souih) 
Church, Boston. Besides a vol. of occas. dis- 
courses, Dr. Young pub. in l!s39 a series of 9 
voi.s., enlitled the "' Old Ea.^Ush I'ro^e Wri- 
ters ; " " Discourse on the Lite and Chanvcter 
of Nathaniel Bowdileh," 1838; "Cluonieles 
of the Pilgrim Fathers of the Colony of Plyui- 
outh," 1841 ; aud " Chronicles of the Fii-st 
Phinters of the Colony of Ms. Bay from 1623 
to 1636," 1846. 

Young, Crigham, hi'.'-li pri'st of the 
Mormons, b. Whittiugluiin, \'t., 1 .June, 1801. 
In 1832hejoiniil the Mormon i at Kir.laud.O.; 
soon became influential by his shrewdness and 
energy ; was one of the 12 apostiis Si.'iit out to 
m.ike converts in 1335 ; itud on the death of 
Joe Smith in June, 1844, was chosen ])res. and 
prophet. With most of the seit, he abandoned 
Nauvoo early in 1846 ; per.suaded his lolio'.vera 
that the Salt-Lake Valley was the Promised 
Land, and founded there, in July, 1847, Salt- 
Lake City. In the spring of 1849, having 
greatly increased by ermnration, they organiziU 
a State they called Deseret; but Cou;;r, .,s or- 
ganized it as the Ten-, ot Utah, of wliieli Young 
was U-S. gov. in 1850-4. The Mormons hav- 
ing delied the Federal govt., Prcs. Biiehanau 
in 1857 sent a force of 2,500 men to enlbrce 
its auihority; and in 1858aconipiomise ended 
the imbroglio. Brigham has 12 actual wives, 
besidis many who have been " sealed to him " 
as his sjiiritual wives. As the head of the 
Jlormon Church, he was long ile fucto gov. of 
the Terr., and is "president" by semi-annual 
v'.ca-voce election. 

Young, J. Harvey, portrait-painter of 
Eo.,.c]n, b. Salem, Ms., 14 June, 1830. He 
Btuilied under John Pope, and, opening a studio, 
worked on portraits at live dollars a head. For 
4 years he was an architect, and was engaged 
in mercantile business in N.ll. and in Pliila., 
but in 1S58 settled perman'Htly in Boston, 
soon acquiring reputation. Among bis bist 
known portraits are those of Edward Everett, 
William Warren, comedian, Wm. 11. Prescott, 
aud Horace jMann, Maj. Camp the knightly 
soldiiT, Chaplain Fuller, Col. Ellsworth, and 



Sergeant P.rownell. Mr. Young married in 
1855. 

J^OUng, Uev. Jacob, Meth. preacher, U 
Alleghany Co., Pa., Alarch 19, 1776; d. liar- 
risburg, U., Sept. 15, 1859. Liei^nsed to ])reach 
in 1801, and coniinued till 1856. Author of 
" The Autobiography of a Pioneer," Cin., 
12mo. • 

Young, John, gov. of N.Y. 1847-9, b. 
Chelsea, Vt., 1802; d. N. \. City, Apr. 23, 
1852. While young, his father removed to 
Livingston Co., N. Y., where he received a 
common-school education, and studi d and 
pr.ictised law. Member of the State kgl,l. in 
1831, '44, and '45; M.C. 1841-3. Originally 
a Democrat, he became in 1829 an anti-iLasou, 
and was elected to Congress by the Whigs. 
U. S. assist, tivas. at N.Y. City 1849-52. 

Young, Right Hon. Sir John, Baron 
Lisgar, gov.-gen. of the Dominion of Canada 
since 18 Sept. 1868, b. 1807. B.A. of O.xibrd 
U. 1829; called to the bar of Lincoln's Inn 
1834 ; a lord of the treasury 1841-4 ; sec. of 
the treas. 1844-6; chief see. to lonl-lieut. of 
Ireland 1852-5 ; commiss. of the Ionian Idauds 
1855-9; gov. of New South Wales 18ij0-7; 
created Baron Lisgar 8 Oct. 1870. 

Young, JouN Clakk, D.D. (X. J. Coll. 
1839), elergvman, b. Greencastle, Pa., Aug. 
12, 1803 ; d."June 23, 1857. Dick. Coll. 1823. 
He in 1828 bee ime |)astor of a church in Li x- 
ington, ICy. From 1830 till his death he wis 
pres. of Centre Coll., Danville, Ky., and also 
had charge of a cong. there. Aiithor of an 
Address to the Presbyterians of Ky., propos- 
ing a Plan for Emancipation, 1835 ; also mauy 
single sermons. 

Young, JosUE Marie, R. C. bishop of 
Erie (eonsee. 23 Apr. 1854), b Sanlbrd, Me., 
Aug. 1808 ; d. Erie, Pa., Sept. 18, 1866. Bora 
of Protestant parents, he became a Catholic at 
1 9. Learning the pi-inter's trade, he went to 
Cincinnati, and worked in the office of the 
Ciitho'ic Ttli'iriipli. Prepared for the ehureh at 
Mount St. Mury's Coll., he was ord. in 1837, 
and laborcil many years in the diocese of Cin- 
cinnati. In I '^5.3, while pastor of St. Mary's, 
Lanasti-r, Ohio, he was app. to the see "of 
Pitt.-liurg, but ilec'.incd. 

Young, U'li.i.iAM. editor of the Albion 
(N.Y.) 1848-07, b, Depifoid, Eng., 1809, and, 
Imviug m. an .Viner. l.iily. in 1839 emig. to the 
U. S. He lias transl. BcTaiigcr's songs and 
)ioems, iiiid "The Man who Laughs; "and 
lias pub. a Colleeiion of Amer. College Songs, 
1868; " Mattiiieu Ropars, ct eaetera," 1868. 

Zane, Coi,. Euexezer, a Western pioneer, 
b. Beikeley Co., Va., Oct. 7, 1747; d. 1811. 
Of DaiiUh oiiglii. Ho at the age of 23 emig. 
to the We.st, and settled on the site of the pres- 
ent city of Wheeling at a time when there 
was n')t a permanent Anglo-Saxon settlement 
from ibe source to the mouth of the Ohio. 
During the lievol. war, several attacks by the 
Indians upon Fort Henry, as the settlement was 
then named, were repulsed; the last in 1781. 
Col. Zano was a disbursing-officer under Dun- 
more, and held under the commonwealth nu- 
merous civil and military posts. He owned 
the land where the city of Zanesville now stands, 
on the Muskingum. 



ZA.R 



1013 



zrN"- 



Zarate (ilia-ii'-tii), Agostin de; (1. ab. 
15UU. Aiilhiir of n " llUtory uf the Conquest 
of Pom," pub. I5r)5. Stnt to Peru iu 1543 
as ireasurcr of the crown, he pliiycd an im- 
portant part in the civil wars of the country, 
wlierc he rcinainod many years. After the (ie|)- 
ositlon of Vela, he was sent on an important 
einliiKsy to Gonzalo Pizarro. 

Zea (tha'-al, Dos Francisco Antonio, 
a South-American patriot, h. Medellin, New 
Granmla, Oct. 20, 1770; (1. Bath. Eni;., Nov. 
28, 18:i2. Eilncatcd at Bo;;ota. Participating 
in rcvol. movements, he was confined at Cadiz 
iu 1797-9. In 1802 he became an assistant 
director in the Botanic Garden of Madrid, and 
in 18uj prof, of botany, ami dircctor-in-chief ; 
in ISOS lie was elected a member of the junta 
of Bayouno, and was, under Joseph Bonaparte, 
minister of the Interior, and gov. of Malaga; 
in 1SI4 he embarked for S. America, and joined 
Bolivar. Made intendant-gen. of the army ; 
he was vicc-pres. of Venezuela in Feb.-Aug. 
1819 ; Sept. 24, 1819, he was accredited to all 
the European courts; and succeeded in obtain- 
ing from English bankers a loan of £2,000,000 
ill .March, 1822. 

Zeilin, J.4COB, brig.-gcn. U.S. marine corps, 
b. Phiia. 2d licut. Oct. I, 1831 ; capt. Sept. 
14, 1847; major July 26, 1861 ; col. and com. 
marine corps June 10, 1864; brig.-gen. Mar. 2, 
1867. Attaclied to frigate "Congress" in 
Mexican war; com. battalion of marines under 
com. Stockton; and brev. major for gallantry 
in tlic battle of Los Angclos, Jan. 9, 1847 ; 
woundid in tlic battle of Bull Run. 

Zeisberger, David, Moravian missionary 
among the Indians, b. Zoetcnthal, Moravia, 
Apr. II, 1721; d. Franklin, Summit Co., (J., 
Kov. 7, 1808. His parents emig. to America 
during his youth. After completing his studies, 
he went to England, when Gen. Oglelhor|>c 
enabled him to join his parents in Ga. One 
of the founders of Bethlehem, Pa., in 1740. 
He soon after became a missionary to the In- 
dians, and labored, until the breakiiigout of 
the Indian war in 17.55, among the Dclawares 
at Shamokin and the Iroquois at Onondaga. 
During the Pontiac conspiracy he assisted the 
Chri-tian Indians, whom he afterward led to 
Wyal using, Bedford Co., Pa. In 1767 he cs- 
tahli^hed a church among the Mon^eys ; in 
1772 he began the settlement of an Indian 
town (Schoenbrunn)on the Tuscarawas, Ohio, 
where he was afterward joined by all the Mora- 
vian Indians of Pa. ; but the settlement tvas 
de.»lroyed by the Wyandols iu 1781; in 1787 
he began the settlement of New Salem, Huron 
Co., near Lake Erie; in 1791 he emi'.'ratcd to 
Canada, and founded Fairfield on the Thames; 
in 1798 the Moravians returned to their (br- 
mcr settlements in Ohio which had been grant- 
ed them by Congress, and built there a new 
station named Goshen. Zeisberger preached 
there till tie end of his lilc. lie |)u!i. in 
the Delaware tongue a " Delaware and Eii::lisli 
Spcl ling-Book," 1776; a "Coll. of Ilvmns," 
180.i; '• Sermons to Children," IPO.i; "A 
Harmony of the Four Gosmls " (N.Y. 1821 ) ; 
and V'rhal-Biegiini/en der Cliiiipewdr/er, in Va- 
ter's Analiilen tier Spiachkunde. He left in 
MS. a Delaware Grammar and Dictionary, 



deposited in H. Coll. Library, and an Iroquoi> 
Dictionary in the library of thePhilos. Society 
at Philii. — See Memoir by Schweinilz, 8vo, 
Phila. 1870. 

Zenger, Jons Petkr, printer, b. Ger- 
many ; d. New York, 1 746. He established a 
press in 1726; Nov. 5, 17.33, he began the 
Weeldi/ Journal, coiitinueil by his widow Ca- 
tharine, and Jolin his son, until ab. 1752. For 
some strictures in his paper on Gov. Cosby 
and the coiineil, he was arrested 17 Nov. 17.34, 
tried in 173.i. and kept in close continement 
.35 weeks. Andrew Hamilton of I'liila. de- 
fended him from the charge of libel on the 
ground of the truth of the jiublication, — a prin- 
ciple since well established. The court, how- 
ever, would not allow the witnesses of the truth 
to be examined, nor would it allow the jury 
to be judges of the law as well as of the fact. 
Notwith>tiiiiding the direction of the bench, 
the jury brought in a verdict of not guilty. A 
narrative of this tr al was pub. at Boston, also 
at London, with that of Win. Owen, in 1765. 

Zeuner, Chakli;s, musician and compos- 
er; d. Phila. Nov 1857, a. ab. 60. He resid- 
ed some years in Boston, where he was or- 
ganist at the Park-st. Church and of the 
Handel and Haydn Soc. Author of " Feast 
of the Tabernacles," an oratorio, 1832 ; 
"American Harp," 1839 ; "Ancient Lvre," 
1848 ; " Musical Manual," &c. 

Zinzendorf, Nicholas Lonis, count, 
founder, or restorer, of the Moravian brethren, 
b. Dresden, May 26, 1700 ; d. Hernhutt, May 9, 
1760. His father, one of the principal min- 
isters of the Elector of Saxony, dl.d a fow 
weeks alter his birth ; and he was educated by 
Prof. Franke at Ilallc, and afterward at Wit- 
tenberg. Reciiving in 1720 his proi)crty from 
his guardians, he purchased a lordship in Lu- 
saiia, and m. a sister of the Prince of Rcuss. 
In 1722 he began to conceive the idcaof apnrer 
church-disci|)liiie, traces of which w I'e observa- 
ble among the sect called the Bohemian and 
Moravian Bnthrn, some of whom he jjcrmit- 
led to settle on his estate. The count and a 
clprgyman named Rolhe labored to instruct 
them; and he tbrmed statnt s for their govt., 
from which period their writ' rs date the re- 
newal of the Union of the Brethren. To him 
Wesley was indebted for boih his nligious or- 
ganization and his missionary plans, that inde- 
fatigable laliorer having pa.sscd some time with 
Zinzendorf at Hernhutt. Next to th'ir organi- 
zation in classes, the use of singing (which fur- 
nished the Wesleys witli a valuable hint) is one 
of their most remarkable characteristics. In 
1736 the cor.nt was conscc. bishop of the Mo- 
ravian Cong. He then visited England, and 
travelled almost all over Europe ; made nnincr- 
ous settlements, and sent mis-ioiiaries lo all 

Earts of the w<jrld. He came lo Pa. in 1741 ; 
egan liis labors by preaching at Gennantowa 
and Bithlebcin ; and iu l"eb. 1 742 ord. at Oly, 
Pa., (he ini-ssionarles Ranch and Riittner. At 
Shikonu-co he established the Krst Indian Mo- 
ravian congrcgaiion in America. He r turni'd 
to Europe in 1743 ; succeed, d his bro. Dec. 21, 
1756; and abdicated his conntship March 19, 
1 757. — See his Life by iSpaiigenberg, 8 vols 8vo, 
1777. 



ZOI^ 



1014 



zun 



ZoUicoiTer, Gen. Femx K., b. Maury 
Co., Tciiii., May 19, 1812; killed ul tlin lialilu 
of Mill .S|)iinjc, Ky., Jan. 19, 1862. H rr- 
f( iv' il an acail'iniral iciucaUon. lA'arntd llic 
trad • ol'a pniitcr; in 1 829 lx:cain ■ a ii:-w»j)aji r 
I diiDr at I'aris, Tciin. ; cdil'd and |)id). Ill : ' o- 
luinhiiiii OliHiTorr ill IK.'J4; ill IH.'JS was clioHcti 
i'l.nb: iiriii.w'; and in 1842 took ih t cdilorsliij) 
of th" Siinlwlk Uiimifr, t\v leading Whig iia- 
p'Tof tlin K.ate. III! was in 1 845-9 comptroller 
of till! H;atc treas. ; in 1849 was a Statj sena- 
tor, and M.C. in l85.'J-9, and an adiocate of 
extiDinc Soiitlicrn views. II- was a delctfale 
to tlu' Peace Congress in Koli. 1 80 1; was huoii 
after app. a brig.-gfMi. in the Conl'.dciaie 
army ; took coin, of East Tenii. Aug. 8 ; was 
d featcd at Camp Wild-Cat, Ky., Oct. 21, by 
Gin. Silioepf, and at Mill Spring by G'li. 
Tlioinas. 

Zaok, Gen. Samuel Kosciuszko, b. I'a. 
ab. 1H2;); killed at (ietty.slmrg, July 2, 180"). 
While young, he was a telegrapher, and made 
important discovcrieii ill clecirioal scienci'. Ab. 
1 84'i he ivinovfd 10 N. Y. ; and at the; outset of 
the war he w 'nt as lieut.-<'ol. with the 6th N. V. 
S. M to llie I'oloiuac, and was made military 



gov. of AnriaiKjli 1. Retuniiiig, he raised and 
c,»hi tli<: :>1{.\\ N.V. Vols. During the -.■v ri) 
battles on the Peninsula, he generally com. a 
bi-irade; made brig.-geii. Nov. 29, 1«62. lie 
disiing. hiiiis elf at Cliancelloraville ; also at 
G 'ttysljurg, where he fell. 

Zubly, John Joacmim, D.D. (N.J. Coll. 
1770), el«rgyiii:iii, b. St. (lull, Switzerland, 27 
Aug. 1721; d. S.C. 2.3 July, I7<1. Ord. 1744. 
He took charge of the First Presb. Chureh, So/- 
vannah, in 1 760, where he preailiird to an I'Ing- 
lish and German cong., also preaching oceision- 
ally ia French. He wai active among the Sons 
of Liberty at the outset of the HevoT. ; was on 
the luo.tiinportantcoiumitli'j'sof the llrst Prov. 
C(mgrc<s of G.i. 1 77.5 ; and in that year was a 
deleg.ite to the Cont. Congress. lI' opijosi'd 
the 1) cl. of Indep., and suddenly left congress 
lor Ga., where he sided wi h the crown. Ac- 
cused of treiisonabli^ corresp. with Sir James 
Wright, ilie royal gov., he returned to Savan- 
nah, and wiis liir sonic time coneealed, to 
escape popular resentiiienl. Wi was in that 
city during the siege in 1779. He wa-. a man 
of iearning, of a vigorous and nenetraling luiad, 
and pub. a numlier of patriotic dLjcourscs. 



SUPPLEMENT. 



li^VK 



CHA. 



E U'.IgU, (h.N. William Tkaxcis, b. Ila- 
vorhi.l, .\1-., tf.Junv, K:.!0. II.U. l^Gi. A\>\<. 
?n[):. :iO,ii II;. l.if. lO.Iiilv, U'Gl ; on;;:vvca at 
15.:!rs UlulV; v.uiimlc.l i.( tliu rl'-o of Voi-U- 
town (losiii;; n !>• .) ; cij1.40i1i Ms. Ini'. 10 Nov. 
1.02; luul tucil; part in t!)' 0..1 r.iiion^< nr.ii t- 
in,; in tlio caiitiiviifron lliiilsoii. In tliu iis- 
s.n-.it iil'llii-.i i,.;!.\-(L'7 i.Iay, l;C;J) lie\v;'.s acon- 
B|;i,iioii3 ni.irii for tlio on luy, Uini; inoiait'/J; 
and was stvrivlv wor.ndcii in til" arm Jinil i'jot. 
C. . 57rli Mi). V'ols. 17 An-. iy33, ruli v/iii.'h 
h; p;irlici; at. il in the liattles of llu' WiMtT- 
ncs , and ajjain ^li;^llt!y wound d ; l.n;.'.-son. 
vols. 22 .Innf, ISti4, lor'con pi.-uuus {gallantry 
at Port Ilndson. llf loni. a divi ion 9th corjw, 
and waj laptnrud at the ox|j1o ion of i\u: luiiiu 
liilbro !'« t ivliur;;, 30.Jnly, 1801. At'icr kin ; 
cxfhan vd in Sept., lie coin, tlif 1st iliv. 9tli 
corjis; liruv. inaj.-;;<Mi. IGCi. 

BCiilty, Gi;n. .iiiiis, JI.C. I'roni Ohio sinre 
I8G7, I), utar Sandusky, O., 16 Dec. l.'23. K- 
CLived a good Eiiyli3lie(hicalion. Kn;aj:id in 
banking; volniitiired an a jirivate 3d U. Inf., 
and app. livut.-tol. in 1: Gl ; toijk |)ait in sev- 
eral battles in VVe.st Va. ; lol. in I t"G2, and con- 
6|,iiiion» at Perryviile and at iSlonu Iiiver, 
where b" com. a bi iirade ; bri^'.-'jen. 29 Nov. 
l!'C:i; and Ibii^lit at Tiill.ihoina, C'hickainau- 
ga, and .it Mission. Kid^ri'. 

BctJcll, linLuonv 'I'lHiiiTox, D.l)., as- 
fi.->t liiahoi) of (Jhio (conee. l.T Oct. 18.'J9J, b. 
lIiid.«n.N.Y.,27 All),'. 1;>17. Brisi. Coll.,I'a., 
IS36; (Ellis.) Theol. Seiii. of Va. 1^40. Son 
of Itcv. Gicf;ory T. of I'liiln. Ord. d.accni 
1840, iiriest 1341; became re lor Ch. of the 
IIolv Trinity (West Che..<t.r,ra.) 5 Nov. lt-40, 
and of Ih" Ch. of the Awoii. (.N.V.) 19 March, 
1.41. lioidence, Gambit r, O. 

Ei2;ler, .lon.s, pov. of Cai. is-w-e, b. 

Cumberland Co., Pa., H Jan. Ib04; d. Sncra- 
menlo, Cal...10 Nov. 1871. Bro. of Wm., ;;ov. 
of Pa. Appmiticed to the priniins-biisiiie.'is; 
cdi.ed a paner in Pa. in lS2-i-9 and lKTI-2; 
ndwi. to ilie bar, and rcsiiled in Brown Co., ill., 
in l'4C-0; moved to Cal. in 1^49, an<l w.i.s 
twiw- Rpeoker of tJK^ As-emSdy. lie was 11 con- 
Bcrvaiivi' Diinocrat, and wiut known as "Hon- 
est John ni;:l-r." 

Eirco, (;i:n. IIkniiy W., b. Xorwiih, Ci. 
Wb. 11 ill" ci'. il w ir lje;;an, he w.n oil' of t!io 
nii s of Cov. Bneklii'.'liaiii; ent red the service 
ill June, U'Gl, aa innjor4ih Ct. Inf. ; mode lol. 



13th early in 18G2 ; and in lb'- e.\pcd. lo N Oi-- 
leans and in llie e,ip:;M'o of Port Hudson, lor 
wbieli ho was mad • l).iy.-;;eu, Sept. 19, ISC'); 
took part in the r.ed-river eainpaiyn under 
Gen. Baii'ua; brev. maj.-gen. lor 8er\ies in 
Sheridan's cv.upaiijn in tlie Shenandoali \'al- 
b'y, Oct. IPGl; and Im June, L"G.'>, w,i.s ajp)!. to 
coin, the r.iilit. di t. of .'~^:ivaniiah. 

Elow, iIi;Nr. V T., minisier lo Brazil .since 
IfG'.), b. Son.bainploii Co., Va,, IT) Jnlv, 1817. 
Wvnl to 81. Loiii.i ill 18:J0; firad. atlli'e U of 
thatcitv; beeain • iiit.rested in miiiin/i-buuls, 
in which, and in inuniifacnrin^, Iii^ aei|ulr d n 
fortune. He wa.s ninont;; ihe lir.it in Mo. lo de- 
clare a;,'aiiist slavery ; w.is 4 ^ear.s a Slate sen- 
ator; was the IVicn I and adviser of Gen. Lyon 
at Ihe opeiiinji of llie liebellion ; niinister 10 
Veiieziie.a i;i JsGl-2, and M.C. in I8G3-7. 

Eradley, Jcxmn P., I-I..I). (Laf. Coll. 
irS'.i), juii't, b. B ine. Albany Co., N.Y., 14 
Mar. 1813. HutL'. Co. I. 183G. Adiii. lo iIib 
bar in 1830, allainiii;,' di-tiiiction in the pra - 
lice of law i;i Newark, N. J., especially in caiisej 
involving,' a kiiowled,'re of polit. c eoii'iiny and 
conSiitutioiial l.iw. Apii. ius<oc. jndiie U. S. 
Supreme Court 21 March, 1870. 

Braytou, Oi:oii(;i; BAiLnv, inventor of a 
safely .-team-boiler and of tile lii';h-pres8uro 
gas-c'n.iiiie, b Cioinpton, U.I., 23 (let. 1M29. 

Eucklaud, Cwns, invenlor, b. Miinehes- 
ter, Cl., 1" All;;. 1799. He rec.ivf d acoiiimoii- 
scliool cdiicaliim, worked in various inaeliiii - 
shojis, and in 1;<2m became a palt'-rn-makeriind 
de.-ij;iier ill Ihe IJ. S. Armory at Sprin;;lii Id, 
Ms. He I roiliic' d his inaebiiielbr makiii;; /■.lin- 
stocks all. 1-IJ ; and i.t abo ibe iiivciitorof the 
niachiiie.s f.ir illlinij miiskel-barrcis, lorciiltia;{ 
the llin ad of the screw on iIh' inside of the bar- 
rel, an I lor milling; the breii li-.icrew. 

CcapcdCo, Cauli)!* Mamikl uk, Ciib.an 
revidulioiilHt, b. Buyamo, l;i Apr. 1819. U.of 
Havana, 1838. Studied law al ISiiir"loiin,and 
was udin. to jiractieo in 1' 42. In I ■'•44 he set- 
tleil in ]iraeiiee in lii« iiailve 1 iiy, iicipiiriii;!; 
repnlalion ami albrU.ne. Porn di'inoii traiioii 
in liivor of Cnluiii i:id<p. in 1 .')2, he was eon- 
linid 5 mcntlis in Minro CaHtle, >Santia;,'0 do 
Cuba. H adiu'.; the in.ivi iiieiit Ibr Cuban i:i- 
dep. in Oct. lf«GS, be w;is soon aller made pivn. 
of 'he repul lie. 

Chair.berliiin,OKv Jo-hia Lawukxck, 
Ll-.l). (Pu. Coll. UGG; IJowU. I.'GM), gov. of 
lulfi 



CHi; 



1016 



E^VK 



Me. 1866-70, b. Bangor, Me., 8 Sept. 182?. 
Bowd. Coll. 1852; Bangor Tliool. Sem. 1855. 
Son of Col. .Joshua. In his lioyhood he at- 
tended the milit. .lead, of Maj. Whiting at Ells- 
won h. ProC. at Bowd. Coll. from 1855 to Aug. 
1; 62, when app. lieut.-col. 20tli M''. Inf.; col. 
May, IS6-"; hrig.-gen. June, 1864, lor gallantry 
at Pctcn;burg, where he was severely wounded ; 
bruv. maj.-,L;en., and again wounded at Q\u:ker 
Road 29 Mar. 1865 ; and com. Ut divit;ion 5th 
corjis, leading the advance, in the final ojn ra- 
tions ending in Lee's surremler, 9 April, U-65. 
His com. was designated to receive the Ibrinal 
surrender of the anii.s and eo'ors of Lec'i^ ar- 
my. He was eng.ag d in 24 pitcheil battles, in- 
cluding Ami tain, Frederielcsiiurg, Chancellors- 
viUe, (Jettysliur,;, Spdit.'Vlvania, Cold Ilarlior, 
I'etersliurg, ;uid I'ive Forks; and was 6 liaies 
wounded, tliriry severely. He resumed his pro- 
fes.sor-hip (modem languages) in 1865; and in 
July, 1871, wa^ elected prcs. of Bowd. Coll. 

Chester, J. L. (p. 181), has long been en- 
gaged upon what promises to be his ininintiin 
upas, — the ]a'iiiting of the entire, mirriage, 
h.ipiisnial, and burial registers of Westminster 
Abhi y, annotate<l in an exhaustive manner. 

Coan, Rev. Tins, D.D., missionary and 
Tolcanographcr, b. Kiilingworth, Ct., Feb. 1, 
U=01. Aub. Thcol. Sem. l.'-'34. In the same 
year he m. Miss Fidelia Church of Riga, N.Y., 
and sailed for th'^ Hawaiian I'~land-^. Bc^twecn 
I8;i5 and 1>:70 he had gathered 15,000 of the 
native islanilerS into tiic Protestant Church, — 
n success unequalkd, it is b( lieved, by that of 
any other mod rn missionary. For his con- 
tribs. to volcanic seicnec, see Amer. Journal of 
Hrlrv'vs, 1840-70. 

Coohran, John Wedsteh, inventor, b. 
Eufield, N.ll., 16 May, I;14. In 18.32, with a 
ea h e.apit.al of SI. 25, he started for Eo.-ton, 
walking- the whole way, — 110 miles. In 1 8."3 
he invented and patented a steam-heating ap- 
paratus; and in 1834 patented his invention of 
a revolving breecb-Ioading rifled cannon, in 
whi.li the cocking of the hammer automatical- 
ly rotated the cy.inder, — the same princi|>le 
which subsequently secured the success of the 
revolving jii tol. This invention procured him 
tame and fortune. Vi i ing France in 1835, he 
cxhii ited his model to the Turkih and)a.ssa- 
dor; was invited by Sultan Mahmoud to Con- 
st.aniiuople, whiiher he wmt, and was lib rally 
rrw.arded by the sultan. In 1.839-4" he resided 
in Fr. nee, and afterward in Eng., where lie in- 
vent' d maeliiuery liir curviUnoar sav.ing, used 
in " convening " shii)-timber. and adopted by 
the Brit. govt. He has latterly resided in the 
U.S., actively cniaged in the maniif. of fire- 
arms and projectiles, and in i.aprovemcnts of 
Taiious kinds. — .-Im-r. Arlisan, Mar. 8, 1871. 

Conner, Gen. P.vtrick L., b. Ireland, 
1 S-0 ; came to the U.S. at a very early ag'' ; set- 
tl d i:i Texas; was a eapt. in Walker's Texan 
regt., and sever, ly wounded at Buena Vista. 
In 1 >61 he raised a re it. ; was ordered to Utah ; 
gained a si ;n.Tl vietorv over the hostile Indians 
at Bear Kivir 29 Jail. 1863; made bri r.-gcn. 
30 Mar. 1-63 ; was long in com. ol the Utah 
dist., where he established (irmly the authority 
of the govt.; and br.v. inaj.-gen. 1-65. 

Davis, Tno.MA3 Fredeeick, D.D., Pi-ot.- 



Ep. bishop of S.C. (conscc. 17 Oct. 1853); d. 
Dec. 2, 1871. 

Delmar, Alexander, statistician, b. N. Y. 
City, 9 Aug. 1836. His father was a native of 
Spain. He wrote for a N.Y. journal in 1854; 
became financial editor of I/iinl's Merchants' 
jl/a/7. and of several N.Y. journals; established 
the Social-Science lieview, and was sole edilor 
in 1864-6 ; was called to organize the U.S. Bu- 
reau of Statistiis in 1S66, and was its director 
in 1867-S; and in 1867 became pres. Washing- 
ton Stati,>t. Soc. Author of " Gold Money 
and Paper Money," 1862; "Treatise on Taxa- 
tion;" "Essays on Pulit. Economy," 1865; 
" lulematioiial Almanac, or Statistical Hand- 
book," 18G6. 

Denio, Hiiiam (p. 263). jurist, b. 21 Mav, 
1799; d. Utiea, N.Y., 5 Nov. 1S71. Bega'n 
practice at Rome in 1821 ; dist aity. 1825- 
34; sj'tled in Utiea in July, 1826; circuit 
judge 5th circuit 1834-8; judge of the Court 
of Ai.peals 185.3-6G. 

Bcvons, (.'EN. Charles, Jun.,b. Charles- 
town, Ms., Ajr. 4, 1820. H.U. 1838; Camb. 
Law School. In 1S4I-9 he practised in Frank- 
lin Co., Ms. ; was a State senator in 1848; in 
1 849-53 was U.S. marshal for Ms. ; and in 1 854 
resumed the pr.aetico of law at Worcester. Apr. 
16, 1861, he WIS chosen major of a rifle bait. ; 
was in de col. 15th Ms. luf. 24 Ji:ly; com. at 
Ball's C tiff before the arrival of Col. Bakir, and 
again alter the death of the latur; biig.-gen. 
Apr. 15, 1862; was in the L/atlles of Williams- 
burg and Fair Oaks (in the latter of which he 
was wounded), at South Mountain and Antic- 
tarn ; com. a division of Howard's corps at 
Chance. lorsvillc; in the 18th corps in the Va. 
campaign of l!r64-5, and was in tcinp. com. 
24th army corps in Dec. '64; brcv. maj.-gcn 
13 Apr. 1. 05. In Nov. 1862 he was the unsuc- 
cessful c ndidate of the "People's Party " for 
gov. of Ms. A justice of the Ms. Superior 
Court since 1867. 

Doniphan, Col. Alexander William, 
lawyer au<l soklier, b. Ma on Co., Ky., July 9, 
160,:. Aug. Coll., Ky., 1827. hoi ol an early 
emigrant Irom Va., who d. in 1814. Having 
stuilied 1..W, he began ].raclic.; at Lexington, 
Mo., but in 1^.33 removed to Libery. Bri. - 
gen. of ini i'.ia in the expedition which in 1;33 
drove the Mormons froiu theSt:.le; menilKr 
of the State legisl. \^r,t> and '40; co . 1st Mo. 
Cav. .lune I S I »-Hi, and icd the sucoesslul c.x- 
pid. against Cliihunhua; com. in the l.-attlcof 
Br.aziio, Dec. 25, |s46, and in that of Sacra- 
mento, .Mexico, Feb. 28, 1847; and in ihela- 
uious maich trom SantaFc to the Rio v.rande. 

Eichberg, JlLU s, teacher and eOin|os.r 
of musie, b. Germany, 18J5. Adui. to the Con- 
servatory of Bnissels, he gained in 1.^43 ilie 
first prizes in violin anil coiupo.>i.io;i. After- 
ward musical ilirictor in promiiMit German 
opera-houses, and direcror of saered iiiu.ic 10 
the eon istory of the Church of Geii' va. Since 
I ' 56 he h:s taught in BoSiOu, wle re he founded 
the Conservatory ol Jlusic. He has comiosed 
the sucecsslul operas, "The Do, tor of Acan- 
tara," "A Night in Rome," and "The Koso 
of Tvrol." 

Ewell, Gen. R. S. (p. 313), d. Maury Co., 
Teun., 25 Jan. 1872. 



FER 



1017 



HJR 



Ferrero, Gen. Edward, b. of Italian par- 
tnts ill Granada, Spain, Jan. 10, 1832. He 
was brou-lit to the U.S. an inlant. Before the 
war he u";it a daiicinu'-school, and taught the 
an at West-Point Acad. In 18C1 he raised 
the 51st N. y. Vols, (iihepard Uilles) ; aeeomp. 
Durn~ido'3 uxiied, to Roanoke Island and New- 
bern ; disting. himself at liOlh those plaees. and 
co-n. a briftad' under Gen. Reno. In July, 
18G2, he served in Gen. Tope's Va. caini)ai-n ; 
was in the liattles of South Mountain and An- 
tietain, and for his bravery and ellieieney in the 
latter cn;;a'j;einent was made bri--.-;;en. Sept. 19, 
1 '^G-' He SiTvedai Frederieks; mr;; and at Vielcs- 
bur"; com. the 2d l.risadeof Stui-is's diy.Olh 
ariirv conis, auil a division at the siege of kno.\- 
ville; coin, at the defence of Fort Sandcra 
against the desper.ate assault of Longstreet; led 
the colored div. 9th corps in the oiKrations 
against Pcterslinrg in 18C4; and subsequently 
com. defences of Bermuda Hundred. Brev. 
niaj.-L'eu. 2 Dec. lsG4. 

Gilmore, Pathick Sarsfield, musician, 
h. near Dul.lin, 28 Dec. 1829. He connected 
himself wi'h a military band .at the a-c ot 15. 
Came to Boston in 1849, wher.- he h.as been tor 
man V vears a leader of military 1 .ands ; accomp. 
the 24th Ms. Ue-t. to the lield in 1861, and 
was in 1863 placed in charge of all the bands 
in the dept. of La. liy Gen. Banks. Ongina- 
tor of monster concerts in this country, and pro- 
ieelor of the preat National Peace Julalcc at 
IBosion in Juno, 1869, a history of which he 
pul.lished in 1871. Composer of many songs, 
marches, &c. 

Gladden, Rev. Washington, clergyman 
and author, b. Pittsgrove, Pa., 11 Feb. 1836. 
Wins. Coll. 1859. Ho first preaehod at the 
State-st. Cong. Ch., Brooklyn, N. Y. ; after- 
ward at Morrisania, N.Y.; and since Feb. 1867 
has been pastorof the 1st Cong. Church, North 
Ad.ams Ms. Besides his frequent contril.s. to 
the V. Y- Iwljiinidcid and other papers and pe- 
riodicals, lie has published " From the Hub to 
the Hudson," and is a successful pub. lecturer. 
Godkin, Edwin T.., journalist, b. Wick- 
low Co., Ireland, 1331. Edncate.l nt a gram- 
mar-school near Wakefield, ICngland, and at 
Queen's Coll., Belliist. Corre-p. ol the l.n,„l,m 
Dwlii XiWS in Turkey and Russia during the 
Crimean war, 1-54-6. In the lall of 18.% he 
cainc to the U.S., and in the ensuing winter 
made a journey on horseback through the 
Southern States, detailed in a series of letters 
to the iJaHi, X- ws. He then studied law in the 
otTiC" of Davil Dudley Field in N.Y. City ; was 
aJm. to the bar in 1858, but in that year re- 
turned to Europe in impaired lualth. Ueturn- 
iii" to N.Y. at the close of 1862, he was, until 
the eslablishmeiit of The Nation in 186.5, a cor- 
rcsp of the iMiHii X(ws, and an editorial eon- 
trib. to the y. Y. Times. The Nation, a weekly 
journal of politi--, literature, science, and art, 
cstab. in Jiilv, 1865, and edited by Mr. God- 
kin, in 1866 passed into bis hands as a proiim- 
tor and owes to hiin its success, ranknrr as it 
does anion ' the first literary and crnieal jour- 
nals of the land. Republican in politics, it is 
also the ad\ocatc of free trade and ciyil-scrvice 
r'lovm. , . „ -, 

Hall, JouN, D.D., pastor (since 3 >ov. 



.1867) of the Fifth-ave. Presb. Ch., N.Y. City, 
1). of Scotch ancestry, Co. Annagli, Ireland, 31 
July, 1829. Belfast Coll. Liecns.'d to preach 
in June, 1849, and labored as a missionary in 
the west of Ireland ; pastor of the chiirch at 
Armagh 30 Jan. lis52-8, and of Mary's Abbey, 
Dul.lin, from 1858 until app. in 1867 a deleg. 
to the Presb. churches of the U.S. He is an 
clo(iuent speaker on the platlbrm as well as in 
the iinlpit. 

Halieck, Gen. Henry Wager (see p. 
399) ; d. Louisville, Ky., 9 Jan. 1872. 

Halstead, Mlrat, joumahst, b. Ross 
Township, Butler Co., O., 2 Sept. 1829. Far- 
mers' Coll., O., 1851. His grandfather eraig. 
to Ohio from N.C. in 1804. A eontrib. to the 
Cincin. GazMi: tmd other papers in Ind. anil O. 
in 1S51-2; heeame assist, ed. of the Colianbian 
and Gnat Wrst, and in 1853 of the Commer- 
cial, introducing the new feature of a systematic 
abstract of the imiiortant news found in the ex- 
change papers ; and in 1854 became a partner 
in the concern. Under his able management 
the Cincin. Commercial has long been a leading 
jounial in the U.S. 

Helper, Hinton Rowan, author, b. Da- 
vie Co., N.C., 27 Dec. 1829. Edneaied at the 
MocksvillcAead. Went to Cal. in 1851, and 
travelled on the Pacific coast; U.S. consul at 
Buenos Avres 1861-7. Resides at Asheville, 
N.C. Author of " The Land of Gold," 1855; 
"Impending Crisis of the South," 1857; "No- 
joque, a Question for a Continent," 1867; and 
"The Negroes in Negroland," &e., 1868. 

Holeombe, James P., author, b. Lynch- 
bur", \'a., 1820. Educated at Y.C. and at the 
U. of Va., where he was some time prof, of 
law He has pub. " Leading Cases upon Com- 
mercial Law,"8vo, 1847; "Digest of Deci.sions 
of the U.S. Supreme Court," 8vo, 1848; "Mer- 
chant's Book of Reference for Debtor and Cred- 
iior," 8vo, 1848 ; " Literature in Letters," 12mo, 
1868. 

Holeombe, William H., M.D., homoe- 
op.atbist and author, b. Lynclr-urg, Va., 1825. 
Educated at Wash. Coll., Va., and in med-- 
cine at the U. of Pa. After ])racti>ing at 
Lvnehlairg and at Cincinnati, be settled in N. 
( h-lcMus, and in 1852 hcciinie a homa>opath. 
r.esides many contrilis. to periodicals, he w:is 
some years cb-t'ditor of the .\. .1. .fonrnal of 
Ilomaoo. Has pub. " The Scientific Ba»is of 
Homoeopathy," 12nio, 1855; "Poems," I860; 
" Our Children in Heaven " (Svvcdcnborgian), 
1868; "The Sexes," 18;19; and many bro- 
chures on toi ics similar to the .above. 

Knowlton, John Stocker Coffin, 
ioiirnali-t, b. Hopkinton, R.I., H Rw. 1798; 
d Worcester, Ms., U June, 1871. Dartm. 
Coll 1823 He became connected with the 
hiivell ./nnrnal ab. 1827; in 1.''.33 removed to 
Worcester, nssumiii- the editorial charge of 
the JCqis aii'l Ycofn'rii, with which the Hrpuli- 
lieu was subs-i|uentlv incrrd to establish the 
rallailium, which he prb. and edited for ab. 37 
years He hail been twice nitivorof W.; mcm- 
Lrrof'both branches of t If legisl., and 15 years 
hi'di sherifif of the county 

iiOrine, FitEDEnicic Wadswobtii, jour- 
nalist, b. Boston, 12 Dec. 1848; murdired by 
Apache Indians 5 Nov. 1871 in Arizona, while 



LOW 



1018 



on ,iii way home from thocxpl. expcd of Lieut. 

U,;ccler. H.\J. 1 70. H. w.is a coniril.. to 
T,1^?"''^' '^''^ "'"' ^'^ '="'' *^'-"- ; W'ls the author 

ot 1 he Bojton Dip," a vol. of poems ; " Two 

Colle-e Friends," 1871 ; and of iwo sucecsslul 

piavs. 

Low, Frederick F., minister to China 
app. lbG3), b. l^rankfort, Me., 30 ,J:in 18'8 

He rcccival a ihoroufjli Kn-iisli education." 

Went to Calitoraij early in ISi'j ; was lor a few 
moutlis engaged in minin;; ; and was a nir-r- 
chant m San Franeisco until 1853, wlicn h- b - 
came a banker at Warysville. Kipnb. M C in 
1361-3, contributing to the enact:;ient of the 
I'aeihc-Railroad Bill ; subseriuontly collectorof 
tlie port of San Francisco, and {jov. of Cal. 

MaCabe, James D., Jan., author, b. Rich- 
mond, \ a. Son of Hev. James, D. U., and 4th in 
tlcs.-ent fi-am the first white settler in tlk' Cnra- 
bcrlaud Valley, Pa. Educated at the Va. Milit 
lust. Began ^vritiuj; for the Alum/ihii I Ir-iinian 
w hts 14th year. He has pub.' "Fanaticism 
and Its Results," I860; "Lif.. of (ien. T J 
Jackson," 8vo, 1863; " The Bohemian," 1863- 
Lile of Gen. R. E. Lee," 1867 ; "The Grav- 
J-ackets," 1867. He has also wriacn , o -ms 
plays, and translations from the French and 
many contributions to periodicals. Resides in 
Brooklyn, N.Y. 

MjUook, Gen. Edward M., b. Steubcn- 
VI, e, O., June, 1834. Educated principally in 
a Iol;; school-house. Accomp. Gov. Medary 
to i\Iinnesota m 1856 as private sec. ; cmi '. to 
Pdic s Peak m 1S59 ; memlier Ks. h-isl. 1860- 
app. 2d heut. U.S. Cav. ; major 2d Ind. Car • 
promoted successively to lieut.-co!., col. bri ' - 
gen. (27 Apr. KS64); and was brev. maior- 
gcn. mlS65. In the battles of Shiioh, S.one 
River, Perryviile, and Chickamauga ; com. a 
division in the Atlanta campaign, and a corps 
ju E. Trnn. In the summer of 1- 64, in a r ij 
in the rear of Atlanta, hedestrov.d lar"e<|uan- 
tilies of Confed. stores; was "iiiter&^.tcd by 
\\ heeh-r s cav. on his return, and cut his way 
through, rejoining Sherman's army near Alari- 
etta; com. 1st cav. div. in Wilson's raid throu..h 
G.i. and Ala. Minister to the Hawaiian L- 
Iaiu.3 I86G-0; app. gov. Colorado Ten-. 1:69. 
MeGlll, Joiix, D.D., R.C. bishop of Va. 
(consec. 10 Nov. 1850), b. 4 Nov. 1809. Old 
priest 13 July, IS35. Re.sidcd in Le.xington' 
Ky., in 1836 ; m Louisville in l;<3«-50, and ed 
there for 7 years the CutMk- A,/nn,tr. Au- 
tlior of "Lite of Calvin," translated from the 
F rench of Audin, " Origin of the Church of 
Lng. as represented in Macaulav's History " 
" I he True Church Indicated to the Iniiiiircr" 
and "Our Faith the Victory." — /.,!,/;;,, »'A- 
Icrs of the Soiit/i. 

Mahone, Gex. William, b. Southamp- 
ton, Va., ab. 1827. Va. Milit. Inst. 1847. Be- 
came an cn-incer; constnicted the Norf. and 
1 ctersl). Railroad, Va., of which be was aftir- 
wards pies. ; and was in ISGl a militia col. and 
contnb. to the captun; of the valuable /natcncl 
at the Norfolk Navy-Yard, 21 Apr. 1861. He 
then raised and com. the 6th Va. Rpn-t. ; com 
Fort Darang, and repulsed attack of U.S. gun- 
ua;s 15 May, 136!; was at Fair Oaks, Oak 
Grjvc, ftiaJva-n Hiil, Grovetoii (where lie was 



wounded), Frcdericlcsburg, Clianc Il.^rsville 
hatt.L's ol the U Ldcrness; was made bri'.-ea' 
March, 1864; took com. of And. rson's div • 
r,\Tu °/ «l'""^vlyania C.ll., North Amm; 
Coll Harbor, the "Crater" Fight (.M July 
1S64); made a mcj.-geu. 12 Aug. 1SG4, and 

of \veldou Uailroid, Hatcher's Run (■>7 Oct 
li*64) ; and at Lee's suiTendercom. the Tines at 
Bermuda Hundred. — /y,-,s(. ,l/„y.,July 187I 

Nye, JA.MES W., R,pub. senator from Ne- 
vada since 1865, b. Madison Co., N. V., 10 June, 
1815. Received a ijuldic-sehool education 
studied and practi>ed law; State police com- 
Tml ^''>-'^^^'^- fe'°''- ^-evada Territory 

Porcher, Feaxcis Pevre, JLD. (Char. 

?M-.^>''-J^-''> l:"'""^ '• ''• <-':'ar;eston S.C^ 
ab 1>25. b.C.Coll. 1845. He ha. pub. "Med 
Botany of S.C," 8vo, 1849; " Crypto-'amic 
Plants of the U.S." ("Trans." Am: Mod. A - 
wr, '^.?f>) •■ "^''i°!cal lt,v.s!i.alions." 8vo, 
IS61 ; Resources of the South, n, Fiel.ls and 
lores s,"8vo, 1863; "Illustrati.ms of Disease 
• ., "%^^'fO:-copc," I860. V/uilc a hcturer 
in the Charleston Prep. Jlcd. School, he edited, 
with Dr. D. J Cain, 5 vols, of the Charlestc, 
JJi'd. .J our. ami Itevim: 

,^?^^^^' '^'^^- ^^^'DKEw, b. Liineaster, Pa 
10 July, 1819; u. Paris, 4 Jiii. 1S72. \V,s[ 
lomt 1836-7. Grandson of Gon. Andrew; 
son of Gov. Geo. B. App. 1st li.-ut. Mtd. Kil 
■^ ;/Y?^'' ^^*^< '^'^''"S- "' C'-n-o tJordo; 
capt. 5May, 1847; brev. nujor lor Contn r.is 
aiid Churulmseo 20 Aug. 1847; iieut.-eol. (or 
Chapultepee 13 Sept. 1847; col. 161h U.S. 
Int. 14 May, 1861; brig.-g,n. vols 17 Ma- 
ISOl ; prov.-gen. Ani.y of the Potomac; coii',! 
l3t bri-ude of regulars at the battle of Bull 
Run, in which he displayed much skill and 
bravery ; rc^signed 20 April, 1: 64. 

Quesada, Manuel, gcn.-iu-cliief of the 
LiiDim jjatnot forces, b. C.'iuiagucy, 2D M irch 
1833. Emig. to Mexico iu 1.- 52 ; enteivd the 
military service of the republic; "ained sey. 
eral victories over the fbrc^ s of Maximiliri- 
was made a gon. for that of May 5, hC"" at 
I ucblaaudat Pachuca; and was made {,ov.' of 
the States of Tlascala, Coahuila, and Duran- 
go. In I86d became to N.Y. Citv,andlab..red 
m organizing the insuiTection in Cuba, whi.her 
he went in 1868; and was named grn.-in-ehief 
of the troops of Comarca, and subsequently 
gen-in-chicf of the republic. Sent in 'lareh, 
18,0, to the U.S. and Europe in a diplomatic 
capacity. r > ^ 

Eedpath, James, author, b. Berwiek-on- 
Tweed, Eng Aug. 1833. Eutig. with his par- 
ents to Mich, in 1848. At 16 lie became a 
printcr;_at 19 one of the editorsof the Trilnnr 
with which he was long connected editorially 
or as a coiresp. He was in Kansas during the 
frouMcs there of 1855-7; and was with the 
armies of Sherman and Thomas, and with Gill- 
more at Charl.ston, during the war. Ann by 
the govt, of Hayti gin. ag.nt of cmi.'ralion ; 
thou consul at Pbil.a. ; th-n i..iat r<„n.i,is. to 
the L'.S.; and instrumental in proeuriii,; tha 
rccogni>iou of Haytien injcp. Si.pt. of cduca- 
tign m Charleston diirin- th- war; or"aiii'cd 
the schools of S.C, and estab.i^hed the Colored 



RIC 



1019 



Orphan Asylum in Charleston. Established 
rt,e Bostoii--Lvcoum Buroau in 186-?. Author 
of "Guide to K-ans.s," ■' The Kov.n^ Ed>tor,;; 
"Life of John lirown," "Echo's oi ILirpc _^ 
Ferr)-;" "Southern Notes," "Guide to llajti, 

"^Richards, GEOTiGr, awrit.r of pairiotio 
ycrs.^b (in-olmb!,-) in R.I. ; d. Phi a. about 1 
VrirlSU by his'owu hand wliilo doranyed. 
An eminent schoolmastrr in Boston a:t.T the 
close oftho r.rvol. ; li^' also p-eaelv.d oecas.on- 
al\v, in the absence of the pastor, to the (on?. 
of "Mr ilarrav; was pastor of a Uaiver,ahst 
d' u7ci;i.^'orrs:nouth.'x.lI., in 1793-1, OD and 
subsequentl)•inPhi:a.,^vhel•ehealsoe^tabh,hed, 
and for two years cdia-a, the ■'•"■"""«?» ^^5^; 
and Gen. hliicUan;!. He was a man of great be- 
nevolence, assuming the chai-c of orphans, and 
.-vin ' his n rsonal attendance upon the su k, 
r/.cluiUn- tl.use stricken with contagious dis- 
ease. Among hl.s ,:i,.ees - usual. V anonymous 
-is a deM-npiiv poem on the Ucvol., extracts 
from ^chi-.-in'thc^/s.^;^;,.. 7-0-92 Au- 
tlior also of od-'S, Ma onie orations, Lin Imt. di.- 
conrse on the d 'ath of Wa-hm^ton Portsm. 
■>o Feb. 1 00, &e. - .1/.S-. »/• .•>. / ; //'."•-■■'• „ 

poU.i -al writer, b Concord, Ms., /Dec. K>18 
bdi:or iM^odi Corner 1:^42-8; Do^on Daily 
Wlr; 1S49 ; afterward of the Rapnhhcan tom- 
mouinhh, and the T.h-n-aph. Kep. of Lowell 
n tlie Ms. l.-is:. of 1 5i and 53 ; cLtU Cons . 
Conv. of 1 <5.T ; and clerk JLs. ie:.-'l. since 1862. 
Under the nok da ,.'n,n • of " Warrington," he 
ha* Ion- been a well-known eontrib. to he 
'v. Y. Tribane, Sprln.fidd llepabhcan, and other 

^''Sodman, Gen. Thomas •{•. '"vcmor of 
,e Rodman gun, b. Ind. 1821 ; d Rock I.land, 



i^,'^;;ne:r'7;'."w:;s;]^m:.s4j. Ente. 

in- the ordnance dept., he becime 1st lent. 3 
Mar. 1847; capt. 1 July, 1 ■55; m^y- 1 /""-^ 
1S63- lieut.-col 7 Mar. l?67 ; bi-ev. col. and 
brW -'.en 13 Mar. i:65. Author of " Reports 
of Experim.nis in Metals for Cannon and Can- 
non-Powd' r," 1S6!. . ,. 

Sargent, Aauo:. ArorsTCS, JO"rnal.»t 
and politician, b. Xcwbnryport, M^-. ^8 ^T" 
\it'>^ Began as a printer in tiic olbce ot tlic 
\Vatchmn,u.nd IhrakI, Xewburyport ; accomp 
Fremont to Cabin 1848, and in ls4J ''f]^^J]'_ 
Nevada City ; long edited the .V«,.« •/"«''"''. 
adm. to the'barin 1854; < '*';^^">:-.,^';V«}-\^°- 
1855-'; ; M.C. lSGl-3 and 18b9-/2 ; U^^. btn- 
a.or elit for the term of 187.3-9. W hile m 
Congress, he was a member of the com. on lie 
P.ieiac Railroad, and drew the bill for the 
We^lcm Paciiic Railroad, of which <nterpnse 
he was an active and cliicient pro'^'o'^'-;, 

Smith, Ch.vrles H. (" 15i1 Arp ), hu- 
,„7ri7t; is a lawyer of Rome, Ga of which 
citv he had been mayor; and has also been a 
State s-cnalor. In is.il he began the publicat- 
ion of his letters, which in '*';:'^-,'-7^°""-'t' 
and pub. under the title of "Bill Arp, -.so 
called." 



Stockton, John P , senator, b Prmcetoi^, 
N.J^SAug 1826. N.J. Coll. 1843. G. -grand- 
son of Richard, the signer ot the Decl ot In- 
dep Adm. to the bar 1849 ; a e.jmraus to re- 
vise the laws of N.J ; subsequently reporter 
to the Chancery Court, and pub 3 vo.s ot Lqiu- 
ty Reports (1852-9) ; miniuer to Rome 180.- 
61 • U.S. senator 1806, and re-clcctcd for the 
tcr^ 1 869-75 as a Democrat. His falhi r and 
g ™dtath,r were members of the U S. seiiate 

Strono-. \Vii.Li.vM, LL.D. (LalayetteUdl. 
18671 a-Se ind-e US. Suprnne Court (app. 
ivb *i87ori' S^omers, Ct., 6 May, 1808 V.6. 
1828 Son of Rev. Wm. L. (i^astor of Som- 
ers 1 807-3 1 ), who d. Fayettcvillc, N.\ .,31 Aug. 
Ao a 77 Adm. to Pbila. bar 1832; prac- 
tised inReadin-, Pa., 1832-47; M.C. 1847-51 ; 
jTd..e Sup. Court of Pa. 1 857-68 ; afterwards 
practised in Pbila In June, 1 87 1 , he declared 
the U S. income tax to be constitutional ; and 
15 J\n 1872 delivered the opinion of the iiia- 
iority of the court, affirming the constitution- 
ality of the Lcgal-tcndcr Act ot 1 862. 

sVann, Thomas, gov. Md. 865-7, b. Al- 
exandria, Va. Educated at Col. Col ., D.C, 
and the U. of Va. Studied law with his father 
at Washington; app.. sec. ^eapolltan com- 
miss. ; settled in Bait, m 1 834 ; pres. Bait, and 
O. R. R. Co. 1 847-53 ; mayor of Bait. 1 857-9 , 
elected U.S. senator in 1866; declined; M.C. 

since 1869. . . • , tt o »,.„ 

Thurman, Allex G , jurist, and U.S.sen- 
ator for the term 18o9-7.^ >• Lynchb.irg, Va 
31 Nov 1813; removed to Ohio in 1819 Re- 
ceived an aca<leraic educati.m Adm. to the 
bar in 1835; M.C. 1845-7; judge Sup. Court 
of Ohio 1851-4; chief justice 1854-6; Democ. 
candidatelorgov. of Ohio 1867. _ 

Wakefield, 9«^«' ?" ''Tvk W 

benrfa.tor, b. Roxbury, N.H., 7 leb. 1811. 
Son of .lames and Hannah (Hemenway). 
Came to Boston ah. 1827, and engaged in busi- 
n-s* Originated the r.attan business in tlus 
country, and discovered "'« P™5lfs«' ""''","/ 
the rattan wa^te. The town of Wakefaeld, Ms., 
is named for him. , ,, ,. u i, 

Wheeler, John H., b. Murfreesborough, 
N C. was belbre the civil war U.S. mraister to 
Nicaragua, and about 1 sr,7 was app. to the bu- 
reau of statistics at Washmg-ton, D.C. Au- 
Uior of " Hi^t. Sketches of N.C. 1584-851," 
8vo, K-54 : " History of N.C," 8vo, 185K 



Woad Jami^s p., R C. bishop of Phila. 
since Jan 5, 1860, b. in that city, of Protestant 
prn.^ On taking orders in the R C Church, 
he was attached n. the diocese of C.neinna 
and was pa<torof St. Patrick's Church until 
consc'C. bishop of Antigonia, and co-adjutor ot 
Phila 26 Mav, 1857. 

Woodwdrd, George W., jurist and 
Democ M.C. from Pa. 1807-73, b. Betliauy, 
Fa •'6Mirl80J. Receivcd-an academic eiii- 
catto'i. Studied and practised law ; mem. r 
Pa. Const Conv. 1837; pres. judge 4 li jud. 
di.t 1841-51 ; and judge sup. judicial dist. ol 
Fa. 1852-67. 



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